COUNCIL.

1862.

Frepenick Surru, Esq. PF 0O 72 FLOOBLE LL ED OH LE OD Oe CoD 00 OO President.

Joun Luseock, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c. wo ccccccscovscos

F. P. Pascog, Esq., F.LS., &e. ecee oo ee oe ee oe 08 08 ee oo oe Vice-

Presidents.

W. W. Saunpers, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., &C. cosccccccvcccs

Samuet STEveEns, Esq., F.LS. ....¢000--00-eeeeeeeeeoes- Treasurer.

DPN SimiaesnM, J o606000000b0000050 0000 6000000000 :

Secretaries.

J. W. Dunnine, Esq., M.A. PLS. , &e. ae Senrenag

Re HerMacror, Esqs << sjserots: seibieisteceie oe cose «is ences

H. T. Srainton, Esq., F.L.S., F.G.S. Oe

F. Watxer, Esq., F.L.S. ee tole: sYaite) sl blotstotetelavencieve) oneve eheiterctsverter

ATEx. WALEACE, Esq.) McDo seices ences scecle sass coms

G. R. Waternouse, Esq., V.P.Z.S., &C. occ cece vcccne cece

J. O. Westwoop, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., &C. ..cvescsessceece

Other Members

of Council.

“=o

1863.

FREDERICK SMITH, Esq. .0.scecccsescccccscescseserccess President.

FERDINAND GRUT, Esq. 20. cccccccccscccecsrscere Dv wrectistere

Io Je, IPASGOR, MEG ha Walbds\a) BOs 65506 0 0cndDdOO OO LOdD

GOR WATERHOUSE, Wsqr,\Visl.Z.S., SCs s-«/els\eis/« ole cie/- 5 «

SAMUEL OS DEVENS WH SCiya hla) clolatolelelelelelalelaislelsicrelel sel e)e\ e\e\(e)<

I Vice-

Dari SHIPABD, LWG>oo codh500b doo dnd Gn bS0odcan DOGO |

)

Presidents.

Treasurer.

Guvve DunwnvarHsq, MeAe ELS) Bos: 1.4 Meee on, ny erretantes:

Lieut. Gen. Sir J. B. Hearsey, K.C.B., F.LS., F.Z.S. 2.000

ia) MIGIGAGHIDAN) VEISG., BLL... cise vcietelslcielclt siiciel sreleiereie o's 6 4

W. W. Saunpers, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., &e. 20s 0 ce cwee soos

H. T. Stainton, Esq., F.L.S., F.GsS. 2. cs eesewecerecrcces

Other Members

of Council.

dio Usman Wisin Goosocgd00dand oo bb 00 0000000000

J. O. Westwoop, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., &c. cece cceececteese

a 2

TRANSACTIONS

THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON, 1834—1863.

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The Journal of Proceedings of the Society is bound up with the Trans-

actions ; it may, however, be obtained separately—by Members gratis, and

by the public, price 1s per sheet.

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who have paid their subscription for the current year, are entitled to receive

the Transactions without further payment, and they will be forwarded free,

by post, to any address within the United Kingdom.

The Council no longer undertakes to supply the First or Second Series of

the Transactions in detached parts or portions of Volumes. All applications

for isolated Parts must be made direct to the Secretary.

CONTENTS.

Beran oftheslates wv gerne Apa ile NE Caleta Mes Mpa Malay bc

Additions to the Library during 1862—63 . berg tae on sc sins) AL

List of Members and Subscribers, March, 1864.

Bye-Laws of ne Society. ”

Errata.

Ill.

IV.

VIII.

MEMOIRS.

. On Pronophila, a Genus of the Diurnal Lepidoptera; with Figures

_ of the New Species, and References to all those which have been

previously figured or described. By W. C. eae Esq.,

F. L. 8. ° e ° ° ° ° ° e e ° e e ° e ° eo

. Notes on Chrysomelide in the Linnean and Banksian Collections.

By G.R. Wateruoust, Esq., V.P.Z.S.,&c. . » .

Descriptions of New Species of Aculeate Hymenoptera, collected

at Panama by R. W. Stretch, Esq., with a List of described

Species and the various Localities where they have previously

occurred. By Freperick Suitn, Esq., Pres. Entom. Soc. «

Descriptions of the British Species of ‘the Genus Euplectus

(Family JPEG) By G. R. Wareruovuse, Esgq.,

WolbAatlg ales = 6° Mo Bora Siar Welarnon bre Wet Ho ts

. Descriptions of New Species of Australian Hymenoptera, and of

a Species of Formica from New Zealand. By FREpERIcK

Smitu, Esq., Pres. Entom. Soc. UNG) Kocro ace! eee

. On the Comparative Influence of Periodicity and Temperature

upon’ the Development of Insects. By M.C. Vertoren, M.D.

. Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera in the Collection of W. W.

Saunders, Esq. By Francis Watker, Esq., F.L.S. . .

Notes on the Species of Triplar of Stephens’ “ Illustrations” and

Collection. By G. R. Wateruouse, Esq., V.P.Z.S., &c.

. Descriptions of Scymnus discoideus (Family Coccinellide), and

Two allied Species; and Description of a New Species of

Bryaxis (Family pe By G. R. Warernouvse,

IEGbs WolteAcSin CX85.6 5 4 Chaar aaet: O Rere HBC Ye cpt

. 132

CONTENTS.

PAGE

X. On the Euphorbia-infesting Coleoptera of the Canary Islands.

By T. V. Wouaston, Esg., M.A., F.L.S. . . - « 186

XI. On the Ptinide of the Canary Islands. By T. V. Wor-

LAsTON, Esq. MAA. BLS. 2.4. 5 © « =) tao

XII. Descriptions of New Species of the Genus Bassus. By

Tuomas Desyienes, Esq. . . - » » » « « + 215

XIII. A few Words on the Synonymy of Laverna Langiella. By

H. T. Stainton, Esq., F.L.S.,F.G.S. Meine Suet Citic 24

XIV. Descriptions of Two New Species of Ephialtes. By.

Tuomas Desvicnes, Esq. «. . © + + © « + + 226

XV. Note on the Strongylorhinus ochraceus of Schonherr, and

Descriptions of ‘Two nearly-allied Species of Curcu-

lionide from Australia. By G.R. Warteruouvse, Esq.,

NE DWAR ES Chm a mc encibtnte G “cascnyor Cla oe) 6 4)

XVI. Descriptions of the British Species of the Genus Stenophylaz,

By R. M‘Lacuuan, Esq., F.L.S. . . . - + « . 232

XVII. Descriptions of the British Species of the Genus Gyrophena

(Group Staphylini, Family Aleocharidz). By G. R.

WATERHOUSE, Esqe, Web) Zi.0:, CC cs lle) eee been

XVIII. Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera in the Collection of

A. Fry, Esq. By F. Wavxer, Esq., F.L.S. . . ~ 253

XIX. Characters of undescribed Lepidopéera in the Collection of

W. W. Saunders, Esq., F.R.S. Py F. Watker, Esq.,

PSS iat ellie acelt eae nal BO eee 6 0. 6. OER

XX. On some New Species of South African Butterflies. By

Roranp Trimen, Esq. . . « 1S Tony a eeaao.

XXII. Descriptions of Nine Exotic Species of the Genus Gracilaria.

By H. T. Srainton, Esq., F.L.S., F.G.S. . . . - 291

XXII. Characters.of New Species of Exotic Trichoptera ; also of

One New Species inhabiting Britain. By R. M‘Lacuuan,

ITS bolas o eR GG bred ie eee co, eo 6 GOL

- XXIII. Description of a New Genus and Species of Noctuites.

By F. Watxer, Esq., F.L.S. oot oe oo BLU

XXIV. On the Asiatic aka Moths. By Frep. Moore,

Bisque 5 tm ° = oy clea acpibel ye omnes

XXV. On the Restoration of Obsolete Names in Entomology. By

Dr. H. Scuaum : “is 4 oe

XXVI. Observations upon the Nomenclature adopted in the

recently-published ‘ Catalogue of British Coleoptera,”

CONTENTS. vil

PAGE

having reference more especially to Remarks contained

in Dr. Schaum’s Paper “On the Restoration of Obsolete

Names in Entomology.” By G. R. WareruHouse,

Esq., V.P.Z.S., &c. Sieg) 6 eso oo 0b oes

XXVII. On the Development of Lonchoptera. By Joun Luszocx,

Esq: PRS. FobS., FsG.S:, Xe... 5. 5 sg 888

XXVIII. Notes on Chalcidites, and Characters of undescribed Species.

Byj he WACKER, Esq, Eolbes. 9. sh 6) ct 1 OAD

XXIX. On some New Species of South African Butterflies collected

in British Kaffraria by W.S. M. D’Urban, Esq., during

1860—61. By Rotanp Trimen, Esgy. . . . . . 398

XXX. A List of the Genera and Species belonging to the Family

Cryptoceride, with Descriptions of New Species; also a

List of the Species of the Genus Echinopla. By

Freperick Suitu, Esq., Pres. Entom. Soc. Seeoneee dO

XXXI. Descriptions of New East Asiatic Species of Haliplide and

Hydroporide. By the Rev. Hamier Crarx, M.A.,

F. L. S. e e e e e e e e e ° e e e e e 417

XXXII. Descriptions of some New Exotic Species of Lucanide.

By J. O. Westwoop, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., Hopeian

Professor of Zoology . ... . wieke ore epee a9

XXXIII. Note upon certain British Species of the Genus Quedius, in

which the Elytra are more or less zneous and the Scu-

tellum punctured. By G. R. ae Esq.,

Wel eeAssen (C15 TSS Seinen | Meola So ees

XXXIV. A few Remarks upon Mr, James Thomson’s Caibachi of

Lucanide, published in the ‘‘ Annales de la Société En-

tomologique de France, 1862.” es Major F, J. Sipney

BARNET JO) Sho Igiee Wig. BO 82 i ee . 442

XXXV. A few Observations upon Lucanus: Lama, Oliv., and its

Synonymy. By Major F. J. Sipyey Parry, F.L.S. . 453

XXXVI. On the Species of Catascopus found by Mr. Wallace in

the Malay Peninsular and East Indian Islands. By

W. W. Saunpvers, Esq. F.RS., F.L.S., V.P. Ent.

Stele Se iG 6 D6 co 9) a) a oi: tes Be eecnis)

XXXVII. Observations on Ants of eae Africa. By F. ai

Esq., Press Ent. Soe. -.:. . at Myghablalee . 470

XXXVIII. Notes on Omalium riparium, Homalota levana, H. dilati-

cornis and H. nigritula. By G. R. Wateruouse, Esq.,

(Wie) Bafa has Cao iat ae etc Ae iiles aa ee ad MOM 17

XXXIX. On the Geographical Distribution of European Rhopalo-

Gi 1 Nee LOT I A a 6 a in on eeu

Vill CONTENTS.

PAGE

XL. On Anisocentropus, a New Genus of Exotic Trichoptera,

with Descriptions of Five Species, and of a New Species

of Dipseudopsis, By R. M‘Lacutan, Esq., F.L.S. . 492

XLI. Descriptions of Brazilian Honey-bees belonging to the

Genera Melipona and Trigona, which were exhibited,

together with Samples of their Honey and Wax, in the

Brazilian Court of the Internationa] Exhibition of 1862.

By F. Surru, Esq., Pres. Ent. Soc. SEIS pte. hes ire tO

XLII. Descriptions of Two New Australian Lucanide. By

J. O. Westwoon, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., Hopeian Prof.

ofsZoologyitas . ieee: Soe ae eos 6) O13)

XLIII. Descriptions of Two New oo of Diurnal Lepidoptera.

By W. C2 Hewitson, BsqykelieS. 9. «3 aeolian

XLIV. Descriptions of Three New Species of the Genus Antho-

charis, Boisd., and a New Species of the Genus Puis,

Hubn., from Tropical South-Western Africa. By

INO) (mG Feo «oo ae 6 6 co 6 Ole)

XLV. Notes on the Australian Longicornia, with Descriptions of

Sixty New Species. By F. P. Pascoz, Esq., F.L.S.,

Mi ee loin oe ol gc oe co pC emo Gg. oo BLE

XLVI. Hemipterorum Exoticorum Generum et Specierum non-

nullarum novarum Descriptiones. Auct. Doct. C. Stan 571

XLVII. On the Generic Characters afforded by the Habits of

various leaf-mining Micro-Lepidopterous Larve, By

H. T. Stainton, Esq., F.U.S.,F.G.S. . .°. . 604

XLVIII. Descriptions of New Phytophaga. By J.S. Baty, Esq. . 611

XLIX. Descriptions of some New Species of Exotic Longicorn

Beetles. By J. O. Westwoop, Esq., M.A., F.LS.,

WP OC OUAWPAy 6 6 Gea go 6 oc oo GUE

L. On the European Species of the Genus Cosmopteryr. By

leks dis SIMON Joby SIT Sy Cbs | G6 a a «6 Gi

LI. On the Types of Phryganid@ described by Fabricius from

the Banksian Collection. By R. M‘Lacuuay, Esq.,

F.L.S. BS Steen er wate te mica ce, GER

Journaljofebroceedings tor 186... ana meet 5 i

e ss TOTALS G2 56s a hse ten tae aa eae as ore Ix

5 i POTN BGS oP en aun e! Wee mele Sas) ci ORO,

MT Gex. ©: Cane ee cake gr = Oe cat SUM eM ene ela ee at) Mae ere

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

——

Prate. Fic.

I. 1,2. Pronophila Parepa, Hew.

3, 4, Dp Phila, Hew.

5, 6. 5 Phea, Hew.

7, 8. 5p Peruda, Tiew.

II. 9, 10. nA Plotina, Hew.

11, 12. tp Pylus, Hew.

13, 14. A Peucestas, Hew.

15, 16. a5 Pallantis, Hew.

Ill. 17. i Physcoa, Hew.

18. Sp Phanias, Hew.

19. ; Poesia, Hew.

XD, Ble 50 Pisonia, Hew.

22. 2 Panyasis, Hew.

23. vs Piletha, Hew.

24, Ap Prytanis, Hew.

IV. Doe AB Pausia, Hew.

26, 27. Ap Paneis, Hew.

28. 9p Porina, Hew.

29. is Procrna, Hew.

30. 53 Phenissa, Hew.

3l, 32. Ss Polusca, Hew.

Vaan 33. i Cordillera, Westw.

34. eS Porsenna, Hew.

35, 36. 8p Prosymna, Hew.

VI. Bio 7 Phaselis, Hew.

38. ‘e Protogenia, Hew.

39. 7s Prochyta,. Hew.

40, 41, i Patrobas, Hew.

VII. 1. Leipaspis caulicola, Woll.; and details,

2. Caulonomus rhyzophagoides, Woll.; and details.

3. Pristoscelis deplanatus, Woll.; and details.

4, Thallestus swbellipticus, Woll.

5. Clerus Paive, Woll.

6. Thallestus typh@oides, Woll.; and details.

7. Eutriptus putricola, Woll.; and details.

8. Homulota Canariensis, Woll.

9. Eubrachium ovale, Woll.; and details.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Prats. Fic.

VIII. 1. Casapus Bonvouloivit, Woll.; and details.

2. », alticola, Woll.

3. 5, subcalvus, Woll.

4, Dignomus gracilipes, Woll. ; and details.

5. Nitpus gonospermi, J. Duval; and details.

6. Sphericus simpler, Woll.; and details.

7. Piarus basalis, Woll.; and details.

8. Piotes inconstans, Woll.; and details,

9. ,, vestita, Woll.

IX. 1, Stenophylax Vibex, Cur. ; anal appendages.

2. 3 hieroglyphicus, Ste.; do.

3. . striatus, Pict. ; do.

4. as lateralis, Ste. ; do.

5. op cingulatus, Ste.; do.

6. ap latipennis, Cur. 5 do.

Ife OF stellatus, Cur. ; do.

8. oD radiatus, Ramb. ; do.

Re ? concentricus, Kol.; do.

Gracilaria formosa, Sta.

plagata, Sta.

a albo-marginata, Sta.

resplendens, Sta.

quadrifasciata, Sta.

i Gemoniella, Sta.

Calicella, Sta.

Terminalie (Atkinson, MS.), Sta.

9. AS nitidula, Sta.

X1. Development of Lonchoptera (lutea, P. 2).

1.- Outline of larva seen from above. X 30.

aaand bb. The lines along which the larval skin splits to

- admit of the escape of the perfect insect.

c. Anterior spiracle.

d. Posterior spiracle.

e. Longitudinal trachea.

ff. Two transverse branches.

g. Minute orifice on the fourth segment.

2. First three segments, with the head retracted. x 60.

3, 4. Organs on the head, apparently adapted for sensation, and possibly

representing antenne. X 250.

5. Portion of margin. X 60.

6. Skin of dorsal surface. X 250.

7. Part of the last segment.

a. The large posterior seta.

b. The spiracle.

c. The trachea.

d, A place where two of the lateral processes have been

slightly separated from one another.

NAAR HY ©

ES)

Parte.

XI.

XII.

XIII.

XIV.

XV.

XVI.

XVII

XVIII.

XIX.

Fic.

Pw e SO MID

NH ODIWADM

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Posterior end of body seen from below. X 30.

a. The tubercles of the posterior margin.

bb. The foot-like lobes.

The insect in the second stage. X 30.

Cryptocerus angulatus, Smith, 8, major.

ns 4-maculatus, Klug, 3.

os celypeatus, Fabr., 9.

% placidus, Smith, @.

Meranoplus oceanicus, Smith, 9.

. Cryptocerus minutus, Fabr., 3, major.

Meranoplus armatus, Smith, 3.

Cryptocerus elongatus, Klug, 3.

ss membranaceus, Klug, 3.

Echinopla preterta, Smith, 9.

. Cataulacus flagitiosus, Smith, 9.

Echinopla pallipes, Smith, 9.

. Cryptocerus cognatus, Smith, ¢.

. Meranoplus spinosus, Smith, 9.

. Cryptocerus elongatus, Klug, 9 .,

. Meranoplus subpilosus, Smith, 3.

. Echinopla striata, Smith, 9.

As melanarctos, Smith, 9.

35 nitida, Smith, 9.

Ryssonotus? jugularis, Westw.; and details.

. Sinodendron? areolatum, Westw.; and details.

. Mitophyllus Parrianus, Westw.; and details.

Ceratognathus punctatissimus, Westw.; and details.

a 1 mentiferus, Westw.; and details.

Dorcus adspersus, Bohem.; and details.

Homoderus Mellyi, Parry, g; and details.

as » 3 and details.

Catascopus splendidus, W.W.S.; and details.

AA eneus, W.W.S.; and details,

a Schaumii, W.W.S.; and details.

Ae Wallacei, W.W.S.; and details,

Me Aruensis, W.W.S.; and details.

33 versicolor, W.W.S.;. and details.

pte levigatus, W.W.S.; and details.

Be levipennis, W.W.S.; and details.

um punctipennis, W.W.S.; and details.

“ elongatus, W.W.S.; and details.

56 rugicollis, W.W.S.; and details.

Anisocentropus illustris, M‘Lach.; and details.

i dilucidus, M‘Lach.

ae pyraloides, Walk.; and details.

Bs immunis, M‘Lach.

*, latifascia, Walk.

Dipseudopsis collaris, M‘Lach,

Xil

Pate.

XX.

XXI.

XXII.

XXIII.

XXIV.

XXV.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Ere:

1. Melipona fulvipes, 9; and details.

2. x anthidioides, worker.

3. »» Mondury, Smith ; worker.

4, Trigona mellea, Smith ; worker.

5. », longipes, Smith ; worker

6. », Mombuca, Smith; and details.

file as Tataira, Smith, g.

8. Anterior wing of Melipona.

9. = Trigona, with transverse cubital nervures obsolete.

10. eri My i : incomplete.

11. Tongue of Trigona mellea, Smith ; worker.

12: 5 Melipona rufiventris, St. Farg.; worker.

13. “ Trigona amalthea, Smith; worker.

14, a Melipona anthidioides, worker.

16. 5 Trigona recursa, Smith ; worker.

1. Dorcus Howittanus, Westw., ¢.

MOAR WONm=ARwWONYeK WD

» Pelorides; Westw., 9; and details.

», carbonarius, Westw., 9; and details.

Aphneope sericata, Pasc.

. Elete inscripta, Pasc.

Solimnia sublineata, Pase.

Thyada brevicornis, Pase.

. Mycerinus luctuosus, Pase.

Phalota tenella, Pasce.

Oricopis wumbrosus, Pase.

Phaolus Macleayi, Pasc.

Typhocesis Macleayi, Pasc.

Cleadne melanaria, Pasc.

Atimura terminata, Pasc.

Abryna eximia, Newm., var. cuprea.

ee > var. viridis.

55 Semperi, Westw.

. Acronia perelegans, Westw.; and details.

Lamia ocellifera, Westw.; and details.

Abryna eximia, elytron seen obliquely.

99 yy Var. purpureo-nigricans.

5, © notha, Newm.

», c@nosa, Newm.; and details.

», fausta, Newm,

>, Newmanni, Westw.

Zygocera pruinosa, MacL., ¢.

a metallica, Westw., 2.

Gy xu»)

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY.

FROM THE Isr JANUARY, 1862, TO THE 3lsr DECEMBER, 1863.

[Nore.—The books to which the letter (A) is prefixed have been accepted subject 1o

certain conditions embodied in a Minute of the Council dated 6th April, 1863. ]

(A) L’Art de conserver et gouverner les Abeilles, de fabriquer le Miel et la Cire.

12mo. Paris. 1801.

Atheneum. 1862, 1863.

(A) Bacster (Samuel, Jun.), The Management of Bees. With a description of

the “‘ Ladies Safety Hive.” 8vo. London. 1834.

(A) Bees. The Naturalist’s Library. Entomology. Vol. VI. 8vo. Edinburgh.

1840.

Berrarot (Luigi), Saggio di Ditterologia Messicana. Parte ITI., ed Appendice.

(A) Bevan (Edward), The Honey Bee, 8vo. London, 1827.

(Adm 55 Another Edition. 8vo. London. 1838. "

(A) pe Buaney (Ducarne), Traité de l’Education économique des Abeilles.

12mo. Paris. 1771. ) <a o

Boneman (C. H.), Monographia Cassididarum. Tom. IV. Supplementum.

Borspuvat (J. A.), Entomologie du Voyage de |’Astrolabe.’ 1 vol. 8vo. text

(Lepidoptera), and 1 vol. fol. of plates.

(A) Bonner (James), The Bee-Master’s Companion, and Assistant. 8vo. Berwick.

1789.

(A) 55 » A new Plan for speedily increasing the number of Bee-

Hives, &c. 8vo. Edinburgh. 1795.

Boston Journal of Natural History. Vol. VII. Nos. 1—3.

Braver (Fr.), Beitrage zur Kenntniss des inneren Baues und der Verwandlung

der Newropteren.

Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Verwandlung der Neuwropteren. 2 Parts.

Verzeichniss der im Kaiserthume Oesterreich aufgefundenen Odonaten

und Perliden.

Entwickelungs-Geschichte der Panorpa communis, Linné.

Brown (Edwin), On the Genus Acentropus,

(A) Butter (Charles), The Feminine Monarchie. 12mo. Oxford. 1609.

(A) 33 5 Another Edition. 4to. London. 1623.

CAs; », Another Edition. 4to. Oxford. 1634.

(A) % “ Another Edition (Latin), 12mo. London. 1673.

(A) of ee Another Edition, 12mo. London, 1704.

Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, and Proceedings of the Natural History Society

of Montreal; conducted by a Committee of the Natural History Society.

Vols. VI., VII, Nos. 1—6.

Canprze (E.), Monographie des Elaterides. Tome IV.

XIV ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY.

(A) Cuamson (A.), Manuel de I’Education des Abeilles, ou Maniere sire et facile

de les conserver, de les multiplier et d’en tirer un grand profit. 8vo, Paris.

Thermidor, An VI.

(A) Cuyxinsxt (Dobrogost), The Bee-Keeper’s Manual. 12mo. London. 1845.

Crark (Hamlet), Catalogue of Halticide (being a continuation of the British

Museum Catalogue. Part I. 1860).

Co.tincwoop (Cuthbert), On the Opportunities of advancing Science enjoyed by

the Mercantile Marine.

(A) Comfort to Aristeus; or a few useful Hints on the Management of Bees.

12mo. London, n.d.

(A) Corron (William Charles), My Bee Book. 8vo, London. 1842,

Crotcn (G. R.), A Catalogue of British Coleoptera.

(A) ve Curncuren (M.), La Sauve-garde des Abeilles, et les manceuvres des

tuches. 8vo. Bouillon. 1771.

Cuvier (G. L. C.F. D.), Le Régne Animal distribué d’aprés son organisation,

pour servir de base a I’Histoire Naturelle des Animaux et d’Introduction

a l’Anatomie comparée. 2¢ edition. 5 Vols.

Dana (James D.), The Classification of Animals based on the Principle of

Cephalization.

ns * On Cephalization, and on Megasthenes and Microsthenes, in

Classification.

nA A On Parallel Relations of the Classes of Vertebrates, and on some

Characteristics_of the Reptilian Birds.

(A) Devaravze (C. F.A.), Traité sur |’Education des Abeilles et des Vers a Soie.

8vo. Paris. 1819.

(A) DetiaRocca. Traité complet sur les Abeilles, 3 Tomes. 8vo. 1790.

Dovetas (J. W.) and Scorr (John), A List of British Hemiptera (Heteroptera),

with Allied Species found in Northern and Central Europe, which may be

expected to occur in Britain.

(A) Ducser, Culture des Abeilles. 12mo. Vevey. 1771.

Durovr (Léon), Anatomie, Physiologie, et Histoire Naturelle des Galéodes.

Ae » Anatomie générale des Diptéres.

a5 ys» Des cocons de la Puce.

3 »» Description de deux espéces nouvelles d’Aradus des Pyrénées, et

remarques sur les Hemiptéres de ce genre.

0b »» Description et Iconographie de quelques Diptéres de |’ Espagne.

is » Description et Iconographie de quelques Diptéres de |’ Espagne

(Suite).

no » Description et figure d’une nouvelle espéce de Lygéites, le Rhy-

parochromus hrachiidens.

nm », Encore une notice sur la composition segmentaire de quelques

larves de Coléoptéres et sur la position des stigmates thoraciques.

a yp Etudes Anatomiques et Physiologiques, et observations sur les

larves des Libellules.

» » Etudes Anatomiques et Physiologiques sur une Mouche, dans le

but d’éclairer "histoire des Métamorphoses et de la prétendue

circulation des insectes,

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. XV

Dvrour (Léon), Etudes pour servir a Ihistoire du Nematus Ribis.— Dissertation

sur le Nematus Degeeri.

Etudes sur la larve du Potamophilus.

Etudes sur la mouche des cerises, Urophora Cerasorum.

Excursion Entomologique aux Dunes de Biscarrosse et d’Arcachon.

Excursion Entomologique dans les montagnes de la vallée d’Ossau.

Histoire comparative des Métamorphoses et de l’Anatomie des

Cetonia aurata et Dorcus parallelipipedus.

Histoire des Métamorphoses du Bombylius major.

Histoire des Métamorphoses des Cécidomyies du Pin-maritime et

du Peuplier.

Histoire des Métamorphoses de la Ceria conopsoides.

Histoire des Métamorphoses du Choragus Sheppardi et du Xyletinus

Hedere.

Histoire des Métamorphoses de la Drosophila pallipes.

Histoire des Métamorphoses de 1’Eledona agaricicola, Latr.—

Histoire des Métamorphoses du Diaperis Boleti.

Histoire des Métamorphoses de 1’ Ewmerus aneus, Macq.

Histoire des Métamorphoses de la Lucilia dispar.—Nouvelle

espéce d’Aradus.

Histoire des Métamorphoses et de l’Anatomie des Mordelles.

Histoire des Métamorphoses d’une Cidémére ( &. ruficollis, Oliv.).

—Histoire des Métamorphoses des Chalcis, et description d’une

espéce peu connue de ce genre d'Hyménoptéres.

Histoire des Métamorphoses et de ]’Anatomie du Piophila petasionis.

Histoire des Métamorphoses du Rhyphus fenestralis et du Mycetobia

pallipes. :

Histoire des Métamorphoses du Subula citripes et de quelques

autres espéces de ce genre de Diptéres.—Histoire des Méta-

morphoses du Scathopse noir de Geoffroy (Scathopse nigra),

Histoire des Métamorphoses du Tetanocera ferruginea.

Histoire des Métamorphoses du Triplar nigripennis.

Impressions d’un Voyage Botanique aux Alpes du- Dauphiné.

Madrid en 1808 et Madrid en 1854.—Excursion dans les Castilles

et les montagnes de Guadarrama.

Mélanges Entomologiques. I. Etude de 1’Entomologie. —II.

Habitat du Serenthia leta.—III. Sur V’Issus grylloides de

Fabricius.—IV. Sur une nouvelle espéce de Celonites (C,

dispar),—V. Remarques sur la famille des Masarides.—VI.

Sur une Hyalomyia née des entrailles du Brachyderes Lusi-

tanicus.—VI1I. Sur la Musca vitripennis.— VIII. Sur 1’Otites

pulchella.

Mélanges Entomologiques (Suite). IX. Encore Il’ Hyalomyia

dispar.—X. Encore Masaris et Celonites— XI. Sur les coques

de Cryptocephulus et de Clythra.—XII. Les Hétérocéres.—

XIII. Ichneumons—Mode descriptif.—XIV. Lucilia dispar,

Duf,

XVI

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY.

- Durour (Léon), Mélanges Entomologiques (Suite). I. Sur la Micrommata spongi-

”

be)

a”

tarsis—II. Sur les deux sexes de la Mutilla arenaria.—I1I.

Surla Macrocera ruficollis, Brullé.—1V. Sur 1’ Eucera grisea, F.

—V. Sur l’Eucera Numida, Lep.

Mémoire pour servir a l’histoire des ee des Tipulaires

du genre Laswoptera.

Note sur la Chrysalide du Scenopinus fenestralis et sur le poste de

ce Diptere dans la classification— Note sur le Xylographus

Bostrichoides et sur ses Métamorphoses.

Note sur les Métamorphoses et le genre de vie des Baris picinus

et cuprirostris.—Histoire des Métamorphoses de |’ Aulacigaster

rufitarsis, et observations critiques sur ce genre de Muscides

ucaly ptérées.

Note pour servir a l'histoire des Métamorphoses du genre Phasia.

Notices Entomologiques. 1. Sur I’ Epeia sericea et le Pompilus

croceicornis, avec quelques considérations sur leur habitat

géographique.—II. Sur I) Euchalcis Miegii, nouveau genre et

nouvelle espéce de Chalcidite et sur quelques autres Hymén-

optéres de ce méme genre.—III. Sur une nouvelle espéce

d’Astata.—1V. Sur une nouvelle espece de Bembex.—V. Sur

une nouvelle espéce de Cephus——VI. Sur une nouvelle espéce

de Phalangopsis.—Lettre a la Société Entomologique de France.

—Notice nécrologique sur le Professeur Mieg.

Notices Entomologiques (Suite). I. Consultation sur une larve

aquatique.—II, Note critique sur le Scorpio Savignyi, Duf.—

III. Notice sur la Formica Savignyi, Duf.—I1V. Description

de la galle de la Jasonia glutinosa et du Tephritis qui la produit.

—V. Description de la larve du Nosodendron.

Notice sur le Misocampus stigmatizans (Ichneumon stigmatizans,

Fabr.).

Observations sur le genre Stizws.—Recherehes sur ]’Andrena

lagopus de Latreille——Notice sur l’Ammophila armata de

Latreille.

Recherches sur quelques Entozoaires et larves parasites des insectes

Orthoptéres et Hyménopteres.

Recherches sur les Métamorphoses du genre Phora, et description

de deux espéces nouvelles de ces Dipteres, avec figures.

Recherches Anatomiques sur la larve a branchies extérieures du

Sialis lutarius.

Recherches Anatomiques sur les Hyménopteres de la Famille des

Urocerates.

Signalements de quelques espéces nouvelles ou peu connues

d’Hyménoptéres Algériens.

Sur le Drassus segestriformis.

Sur quetques Hyménoptéres nouveaux ou peu connus.—Sur trois

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. XVil

espéces nouvelles du genre Cerceris.—Sur une nouvelle espéce

du genre Dyciiophora.

Durovur (Léon), Un mot et un portrait sur la femelle du Galeodes Barbara,

H. Lucas.

Duvau(J.) et Mienraux(J.), Genera des Coléoptéres d’Europe. Livr. 1—116.

(A) Dyer (W.), The Apiary laid open. 8vo. Tewkesbury. 1781.

(A) The English Bee Keeper. 8vo. London, 1851.

Entomologist, The.

Entomologist’s Annual. 1862—64.

(A) Fanrtere (A. de), Les Abeilles et Agriculture. 12mo. Paris. 1855.

Farm and Garden, The. Vol. II., No. 22; Vol. III., Nos. 25—30, 33—36, 38—

41.

(A) Fesurter, Traité complet théoretique et pratique sur les Abeilles. 8vo.

Paris. 1810.

(A) The Female Monarchy, or the Natural History of Bees. 8vo. London. 1745.

Ferrer et Gatinter, Voyage en Abyssinie. 3 Vols. 8vo. of text, and 1 Vol.

folio of plates.

FRavENFELD (G. von), Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Insekten-Metamorphose aus dem

Jahre 1860.

Der Aufenthalt auf Manila wahrend der Weltreise der

K. K. Fregatte Novara.

Dritter Beitrag zur Fauna Dalmatiens, nebst einer orni-

thologischen Notiz.

Eine fur Oesterreich neue Trypeta.

Ueber die sogennante Sagspan-See beobachtet wahrend

der Weltreise der Novara.

Weiterer Beitrag zur Fauna Dalmatiens.

(A) Geppr (John), A New Discovery of an excellent Method of Bee-houses and

Colonies. 12mo. London. 1675.

(Ud) pp » The English Apiary, or the Compleat Bee Master, unfolding

the whole Art and Mystery of Bees. 12mo. London. 1721.

(A) Getrev (Jonas de), The Bee Preserver. 8vo. Edinburgh. 1829.

(A) Gorpinc (Robert), The Shilling Bee Book. 12mo. London. 1847.

(A) 5 » 2nd Edition. 12mo. London. 1848.

(A) Le Gouvernement admirable, ou la République des Abeilles. 12mo. La

Haye. 1740.

Hacen (H. A.), Bibliotheca Entomologica.

Die Netzflugler Preussens.

Die von Hr, Peters gesammelten Neuropteren aus Mossambique

(from Bericht der Konig]. Preuss. Akad. der Wissenschaften

zu Berlin, August, 1853).

Révision Critique des Phryganides décrites par M. Rambur d’aprés

Vexamen des individus types.

Synopsis der Newroptera Ceylons. Parts 1 and 2.

VOL. I. THIRD SERIES, PART IX.— MARCH, 1864. b

XVill ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY.

Hacen (H,A.), Synopsis of the Neuroptera of North America, with a List of the

South American Species.

Ueber die Neuropteren der Bernsteinfauna.

Ascalaphus proavusaus der. Rheinischen Braunkohle. (Fossil Ins.)

Neuroptern aus der Braunkohle von Rott im Siebengebirge.

Petalura? acutipennis aus der Braunkohle von Sieblos.

Ueber die Neuroptern aus dem lithographischen Schiefer in Bayern.

Pe Zwei Libellen aus der Braunkohle von Sieblos.

Haun (C. W.) und Hernicu-Scuarrrer (G. A. W.), Die wanzenartigen Insecten.

Getreu nach der Natur abgebildet und beschrieben. 9 Vols. bound in 5.

(A) The Hand-book of the Honey Bee, with Hints on Hives. 12mo. London.

1850.

Harnts (Thaddeus William), A Treatise on some of the Insects injurious to Vege-

tation. Third Edition.

Herter (C.), Neue crustaceen, gesammelt wahrend der Weltumseglung der K. K.

Fregatte Novara, zweiter vorlaufiger Bericht.

Hewirson (W. C.), Exotic Butterflies. Parts 41—49.

90 Illustrations of Diurnal Lepidoptera. Part I. (Lycenide).

Heypen (C. von), Fossile Insekten aus der Braunkohle von Sieblos. Id. Nachtrag.

> Fossile Insekten aus der Rheinischen Braunkohle.

(A) Histoire Naturelle des Abeilles. 2 Tomes. 12mo. Paris. 1744.

(A) The Honey Bee. Reprinted from the Quarterly Review. 8vo. London.

1852.

(A) Huser (Francis), New Observations on the Natural History of Bees. 8vo.

Edinburgh. 1806.

Ca; 5p 2nd Edition. 8vo. Edinburgh. 1808.

(A) 5p i 3rd Edition. 8vo. Edinburgh. 1821.

CA) » Nouvelles Observations sur les Abeilles. 3 Tomes. 8vo.

Paris. 1814.

(UX) pp *> Observations on the Natural History of Bees. A new

Edition. 8vo. London. 1841.

(A) Hozer, Mémoire sur les Bourdons (from the Transactions of the Linnean

Society). 4to.

(A) Howatson (T. M.), The Apiarian’s Manual. 8vo. Edinburgh. 1827.

(A) Huisu (Robert), A Treatise on the Nature, Economy and Practical Manage-

ment of Bees. 8vo. London. 1815.

(CAD eee a 2nd edit. 8vo. London. 1817.

GCA: Bees; their Natural History and. General Management.

8vo. London. 1842.

() % The Cottager’s Manual for the Management of his Bees, for

every Month in the Year. 2nd edit. London. n.d.

(A) Instructions for managing Bees; drawn up and published by order of the

Dublin Society. 8vo. Dublin. 1733.

Intellectual Observer, Nos. 1—24.

(A) Isaac (J.), The General Apiarian: wherein a simple, humane and advan-

tageous method of obtaining the Produce of Bees, without destroying them,

is pointed out in a series of letters to a friend. 12mo. Exeter. 1799.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. X1X

Jazpronsky (C. G.) und Henzsr (J. F. W.), Natursystem aller bekannten in und

auslandischen Insekten. 21 vols. 8vo. of text bound in 12, and 8 oblong

4to. vols. of plates.

Jenyns (Rev. Leonard), Memoir of the Rev. John Stevens Henslow, M.A.,

F.LS., F.G.S., F.C.P.S., late Reetor of Hitcham, and Professor of Botany

in the University of Cambridge.

Journal of Entomology. Nos. 4—7, 9.

Journal of the Society of Arts, 1862—63.

(A) Keys (John), The Practical Bee Master. 8vo. London. 1780.

COM aes 55 The Antient Bee Master’s Farewell. 8vo. London. 1796.

(A) 5, 0 A Treatise on the Breeding and Management of Bees to the

greatest advantage. A new edition.

GCAder: 5 (A reprint of the preceding.) 8vo. London. 1814.

KiEsenwetrer (H. von), Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschlands. Erste

Abthg.; Vol. LV., Part 4.

(A) Krrey (William), Monographia Apum Angliz. 2 vols. 8vo. Ipswich. 1802.

Kirsy (W. F.), A Manual of Eurepean Butterflies.

Kongliga Svenska Fregatten Eugenies Resa omkring Jorden under Befal af C. A.

Virgin aren 1851—1853. Vetenskapliga iakttagelser pa H. Majt. Konung

Oscar Den Forstes befallning utgifna af K. Svenska Vetenskaps-Academien.

Zoologi. Insekter, IV. V.

Lacorpaire (J. T.), Genera des Coléoptéres. Vol. VI., and Plates, Livr. 5, 6.

Larpner (Dionysius), The Bee and White Ant. 8vo. London. 1856.

Larreit_e (P. A.), Familles Naturelles du Régne Animal.

Leconte (John L.), Classification of the Coleoptera of North America. Part 1.

New Species of North American Coleoptera; prepared for

the Smithsonian Institution.

55 ne List of the Coleoptera of North America; prepared for the

Smithsonian Institution.

Leperrr (Julius), Die Noctuinen Europa’s mit Zuziehung einigen bisher meist dazu

gezahlten Arten des Asiatischen Russland’s, Kleinasien’s, Syrien’s und

Labrador’s: systematisch bearbeitet.

(A) Leverr (John), The Ordering of Bees: or the true History of managing them.

4to. London. 1634.

(A) A Letter on Bees; showing how to take the honey from them, and yet to

preserve them. 12mo. Whitchurch. n.d.

Literary Gazette, 1862. February and March.

(A) Lioyp (C. A. A.), Lecture on the Honey Bee, delivered before the Natural

History Society for Shropshire and North Wales. (A Tract.) 12mo.

Shrewsbury. 1843.

Low (Franz), Beschreibung der Larve von Nebria picicornis, Fab., nebst einer

Charakteristik der Nebria- Larven.

Lorw (H.), Monographs of the Diptera of North America. Part I.

London Review, 1862, March to August.

Luzsocx (John), Notes on the Generative Organs and on the Formation of the

Egg in the Annulosa.

b 2

Le) a”

XX ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY.

Luszoc« (John), Notes on the Thysanura, Part I. (Sminthuride).

rp fs) On the Development of Chloéon( Ephemera) dimidiatum, Part J.

5p tp On the Development of Lonchoptera.

06 Notes on some new or little-known Species of Freshwater Ento-

mostraca.

MacLeay (William, junior), Descriptions of twenty New Species of Australian

Coleoptera belonging to the Families Cicindelide and Cetoniide. De-

scriptions of Twenty New Species of Buprestidz belonging to the Genus

Stigmodera from the Northern parts of Australia.

Macreay (W.S.), Hore Entomologice: or Essays on the Annulose Animals.

(A) Martin (J.) et Mantin (A.), Les Abeilles. 8vo. Paris. 1826.

(A) Maxwetz (Robert), The Practical Bee Master. (Sewed, last page imperfect. )

12mo. Edinburgh. 1747.

Meyer (Hermann von), Palaeoniscus obtusus, ein Isopode aus der Braunkohle

von Sieblos.

A % Micropsalis papyracea aus der Rheinischen Braunkohle.

5 . Eryon Raiblanusaus den Raibler-Schichten in Karnthen.

(A) Mitts (John), An Essay on the Management of Bees. 8vo. London. 1766.

(A) Mirron (John), The Practical Bee Keeper. 8vo. London. 1841.

90 fe (Another edition.) S8vo. London. 1843.

(A) Miner (T. B.), The American Bee Keeper’s Manual. 8vo. London. 1849.

Morawirz (August), Beitrag zur Kafer Fauna der Insel Jesso, Erste Lieferung.

Cicindelide et Carabici.

a5 Vorlaufige Diagnosen neuer Coleopteren aus Sudost-

Sibirien.

op Vorlaufige Diagnosen neuer Carabiciden aus Hakodade.

Nowe (John G.), Synopsis of the described Lepidoptera of North America, part

I, (Diurnal and Crepuscular Lepidoptera).

Morscuutsky (Victor), Etudes Entomologiques, 9¢ année (1860).

i of Note sur deux Araignées venimeuses de la Russie méridi-

onale qu’on croit étre le Tchim des Kalmouks.

aS op Enumération des nouvelles Espéces de Coléoptéres rap-

portees de ses Voyages.

(A) Munn (W. Augustus), A Description of the Bar-and-Frame Hive. 8vo.

London. 1844.

(A) The Natural History of Bees. Translated from the French. S8vo. London.

1744.

Neitreicn (August von), Nachtrage zu Maly’s Enumeratio plantarum phanero-

gamicarum imperii Austriaci universi, herausgegeben von der K. K. Zoolo-

gisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien.

Neue Preussische Provinzial Blatter. Band III. (XXXVII.) Heft 5. X.

(XLIV.) Heft 6. XII. (XLVII.) Heft 1, 5. Ibid. Andere Folge.

Band IV. (L.) Heft 4. VII. (LIII.) Heft 4,6. XI. (LVII.) Heft 1.

XII. (LVIII.) Heft 2 and 3.

(A) Nouveau Manuel pour gouverner les Abeilles et en retirer grand profit.

2 Tomes. 12mo. Paris. 1840.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. XXl

(A) Nouvelle Construction de Ruches de bois, avec la fagon d’y gouverner les

Abeilles. 12mo. Metz. 1761.

(A) Nutr (Thomas), Humanity to Bees. 8vo. London. 1832.

(ANY) 55 is (2nd Edition). 8vo. London. 1834.

(A) » » (4th Edition). ,, i 1837.

CAN Soa) VGth Editions) 4 vf 1839.

CAE oy a COlhiEdition) <1, 5 i 1845.

(A) Ontdekking van de Staatkunde der Natur; of Beschryving van het wonderbaar

Gemeen-best der Honing-byen, 12mo. s’Gravenhage. 1789.

(A) Payne (J. H.), The Apiarian’s Guide. 12mo. London. 1833.

(A) 8p 2nd Edition. 5 ie 1838.

(A) re The Beekeeper’s Guide. 8vo. s 1842.

(A) 3 Beekeeping for the Many (Manuals

for the Many, No.3). 12mo. 9 n.d.

Perty (Max.), Delectus Animalium articulatorum, qua in itinere per Brasiliam

annis 1817—1820, jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi I. Bavarie Regis

augustissimi peracto colleyerunt J. B. de Spix et C. F. P. de Martius.

Perers, Reise nach Mossambique (5ter Band, Insekten und Myriapoden).

(A) Prte (Matthew), The Bee Cultivator’s Assistant, 12mo. Gateshead. 1838.

(A) Les Plaisirs innocens et amoureux de la Campagne, contenant le traité des

mouches a mie], ete. 12mo. Amsterdam. 1699.

(A) Purcuas (Samuel), A Theatre of Politicall Flying Insects. 4to. London.

1657.

Ratuxe (H.), Anatomisch-physiologische Untersuchungen uber den Athmungs-

prozess der Insekten.

Reader, The, 1863, March to December.

Reapine (J. J.), A Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Devon and Cornwall. Part I.

(A) The Reformed Commonwealth of Bees. 4to. London. 1655.

(A) Ricuarpson (H. D.), The Hive and Honey-Bee; with an Account of the

Diseases of Bees and their Remedies. 2nd Edition.

12mo. Dublin. 1849.

(A) 5s New Edition, enlarged, by J. O. Westwood. 12mo.

London. n.d.

(A) Ruspen (Moses), A further Discovery of Bees. 12mo, London. 1679.

(A) Samurtson (James), The Honey Bee. 8vo. London, 1860.

Scnaum (H.), Catalozus Coleopterorum Europe, Editio secunda aucta et emendata.

ct On the Composition of the Head and on the Number of Abdominal

Segments in Insects.

Scnidpre (J. C.), Naturhistorisk Tidskrift, stiftet af Henrik Kroyer, Tredie Rekkes

Forste og Andet Hefter.

(A) Scutracu (A. G.), Histoire Naturelle de la Reine des Abeilles. Traduit de

V Allemand par J. J. Blassiére. 8vo. LaHaye. 1771.

(A) Scupamore (Edward), Artificial Swarms. 2nd Edition. 12mo. London.

1848.

Scupper (Samuel H.), On the Genus Colias in North America.

nD A List of the Butterflies of New England,

XX ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY.

Szrys-Lonccuames (Edm. de), Synopsis des Gomphines.

Additions au Synopsis des Gomphines.

Additions au Synopsis des Caloptérygines.

Synopsis des Agrionines.

De la Chasse et de la Préparation des Neuroptéres

(Extrait du nouveau Guide de l’Amateur d’In-

sectes).

Catalogue des Insectes Odonates de la Belgique.

rp SD Catalogue raisonné des Orthoptéres de Belgique.

(A) Seratn (Pierre Eutrope), Instruction sur la Maniére de Gouverner les Abeilles.

8vo. Paris. An XI. (1802.)

(A) A Short and Simple Letter to Cottagers from a Conservative Bee keeper.

12mo. Oxford. 1838.

Sizzotp (C. T. E. von), Beitrage zur Fauna der wirbellosen Thiere der Provinz

Preussen. (Myriapoden, Pseudoscorpionen, Orthopteren

und Neuropteren.)

Beitrage zur Fauna Preussens.

5p Nachtrag zu dem Verzeichniss der Kafer Preussens.

(A) sii (Richard), The Cottager’s Bee Book. 12mo. Oxford. 1839.

Societres—Sce Transactions, &c.

Srarnton (H. T.), Entomologist’s Annual. 1862, 1863, 1864.

” The Natural History of the Tineina. Vol. VIT.

» Entomological Botany. (Reprinted from the Zoologist for

1854, 1855, 1856.)

Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung. 1862, 1863. (Jahrg. 23, 24.)

(A) Srrutr (George), The Practical Apiarian, or a Treatise on the improved

Management of Bees. 12mo. Clare. 1825.

(A) Sypserrr (R.), Treatise on Bees. 8vo. Salisbury. 1792.

3) a8

99 3)

a9 be)

(A) Tayztor (Henry), The Bee-keeper’s Manual. 12mo. London. 1838.

(GAS) aes 5p 2nd Edition. 12mo, London. 1839.

(AX) 54 5D 3rd Edition. ap is n. d.

CA); 3 4th Edition. 56 ‘ 1850.

(A) a3; Pe Sth Edition. a As 1855.

Tuomson (C. G.), Skandinaviens Coleoptera synoptisk bearbetade. Vols, I.—V.

(A) Tuortey (John), MEAIZSHAOTIA, or the Female Monarchy. 8vo. London.

1744,

(A) 3 us An Enquiry into the Nature, Order and Government of

Bees. 2nd Edition. London. 1765.

(A) PA 5p 4th Edition. London. 1774.

Tispscurirt voor Entomologie. Vol. 1V, Parts5 and 6. Vol. V., Parts 1—5.

Transactions, &c., or LEARNED SocteETIEs.

(Betcium.) Journal de la Société Entomologique Belge. Tome V.

(Boston, U.S.) Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History,

Vol. VI., Sheets 23—27 ; VII ; VIII.; IX. Nos. 1—11.

(Dustin.) Proceedings of the Natural History Society of Dublin. Vol.

III., Part 3.

(Epinsurcu.) Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh,

Sessions 1858—62.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. XXlll

Transactions, &c., OF LEARNED SocrETIES—continued.

(France.) Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 3me Série,

Tom. III. (Trim. 2—4), IV—VIII. 4me Série, Tom. I., IT.

(Konicsperc.) Schriften der Konigl. Physikalisch-ckonomischen Gesell -

schaft zu Konigsberg. Bd. II. 1; ill. 1, 2.

(Lrverroot.) Report of the Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical

Society of Liverpool, for 1861—62.

(Lonpon.) Transactions of the Entomological Society of London. 3rd

Series. Vol. I. Parts 1—8.

3 Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. Vol. XXIIL.,

Parts 2,3; Vol. XXIV., Pat 1.

9D Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London.

Vol. VI., Nos. 22—27.

aS Proceedings of the Royal Society. Vols. XI.—XIII. (Nos.

48—58).

iD Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. Vol.

XXII., Part2; XXIII.; XXIV, Parts 1 and 2.

i Transactions of the Zoological Society of London. Vol. IV.,

Part 7, Sect. 2; Vol. V., Parts 1, 2.

50 Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1861, Parts

1—3.

(Manprip.) Memorias dela Academia Real de Ciencias de Madrid. III., 4,5.

a Resumen de las Actas de la Academia Real de Ciencias de

Madrid, 1854—59.

(Moscow.) Nouveaux Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes

de Moscou. Tom. XIII. Livr. |.

wD Bulletin de la Soc. Imp. des Naturalistes, 1860—62, Nos. 1—4.

(Mvunicu.) Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Classe der

Konigl. Bayer. Akad. der Wissenschaften zu Munchen.

Vol. IX.

3 Sitzungsberichte der Konig], Bayer. Akad. der Wissenschalten,

_ 1861, I. Heft 1—5; IT. Heft 1—3;. 1862, I. Heft 1—4;

II, Heft 1—4; 1863, I. Heft 1—4.

(Nassavu.) Jahrbucher des Vereins fur Naturkunde im Herzogthum

Nassau. Bd. 14—16,

(New Soutn Wates.) Transactions of the Entomological Society of New

South Wales, Vol. I., Part 1.

(Normanpy.) Annales de la Société Linnéenne de Normandie. Tom.

I.—VIIL. (1855 —62.)

(Paitaverpnia.) Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia,

1861—62.

(Russta.) Hore Societatis Entomologice Rossice, variis Sermonibus in

Rossia usitatis edite. Fasc. 1.

(Srerrin.) Entomologische Zeitung. Jahrg.23,24; 1862—63.

( Vienna.) Verhandlungen der K.K. Zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft

in Wien, Vol. IX. Parts 1—4.

” Personen, Orts und Sach Register der zweiten funfjahnigen

Reihe (1856—60) der Sitzungsberichte und Abhandlungen

K.K. Zool.-botan. Gesellschaft.

XXIV ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY.

Transactions, &c., oF LEARNED SocreTrES—continued.

(Vienna.) Separatabdruck naturwissenschaftlicher Abhandlungen. 1856.

‘a Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift. Bd. I—VI.

Tremscuxe (F.), Die Schmetterlinge von Europa. (Fortsetzung des Ochsen-

heimerschen Werks). Bd. V—X. —

Vinson (Auguste), Aranéides des Iles de la Réunion, Maurice et Madagascar.

(A) Vrrzrnum (Anthon), Handgriffe und Erfahrungen im Gebiete der praktischen

Bienenzucht. 12mo. Munchen. 18380,

Voxitennoven (C. Snellen van), Sepp, Nederlandsche Insecten. 2e Serie. Nos

11—34.

Warxer (Francis), List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection

of the British Museum. Parts XXIII. and XXIV. Geometrites.

(A) Warver (Joseph), The True Amazons, or the Monarchy of Bees. 8vo.

London. 1712.

CAnws op 6th Edition. 8vo. London. 1726.

(Aas op 8th Edition. ,, ip 1749.

Weekly Entomologist, The, for 1862—3.

(A) Wuite (Stephen), Collateral Bee-boxes: or, a New, Easy and Advantageous

Method of managing Bees. In which Part of the Honey is taken away, in

an easy and pleasant manner, without destroying, or much disturbing the

Bees ; and early swarms are encouraged. 8vo. London. 1764.

(A) Wutre (W., Senior), A complete Guide to the Mystery and Management of

Bees. 12mo. London. n.d.

(A) fp A complete Guide to the Mystery and Management of

Bees, to which is added a Practical Monthly Bee

Calendar by the late James Beesley of Banbury.

12mo. London. 1852.

Wrepemann (C. R. W.), Zoologisches Magazin. Vol. I., Parts 1—3; Vol. II.

Part 1.

Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift. Bd. I—VTI.

(A) Wicuron (John), The History and Management of Bees. 8vo. London.

1842.

(A) Witpman (Thomas), A Treatise on the Management of Bees. 4to. London.

1768.

at ss 2nd Edition. 8vo. London. 1770.

(A) Wiipman (Daniel), A complete Guide for the Management of Bees. 8vo.

London. 1783.

(A) Woop (J. G.), Bees, their Habits, Management and Treatment. 8vo. London.

1855.

(A) » Another Edition. 8vo. London. 1855.

(A) Worttnes, (J.), Vinetum Britannicum ete., to which is added A Discourse

Teaching the best way of improving Bees. 8vo. London. 1691.

Zeter (P. C.), Zwolf Amerikanische Nachtfalter ; Chilonidarum et Crambidarum

Genera et Species.

Zoologist, The. 1862, 1863.

Zucnoxp (Ernst A.), Bibliotheca Historico-Naturalis Physico-Chemica et Mathe-

matica. Vol. IX.

Hist of Members

THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON,

MARCH 1864.

LIST OF MEMBERS

THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON.

WHonorary fMenrbders.

Durowur, Dr. Léon, St. Sever, Département des Landes.

Edwards, H. Milne, le Musée d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris.

Hagen, Dr. H. A., Konigsberg.

Lacordaire, Professor J. T., Liége.

Leconte, Dr. John L., Philadelphia.

Lefebvre, Alexandre, Bouchevilliers, prés Gisors, Département de 1’ Kure.

Pictet, Professor J. C., Geneva.

Schaum, Dr. H., Berlin..

Zeller, Professor P. C., Meseritz.

Zetterstedt, Professor J. W., Ph. D., &c., Lund.

Date of

Election.

1849 S. Allis, Thomas H., York.

1858 §. Allchin, W. H., M.D., 7, Pembridge Villas, Bayswater, W.

1856 Armytage, Edward, 4, Grove End Road, St. John’s Wood, N.W.

1857 Atkinson, W. S., M.A., F.L.S., La Martiniére, Calcutta.

* ¢ Babington, Professor C.C., M.A., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., St. John’s

College, Cambridge.

1857 Bakewell, R., F.L.S., 96, St. John’s Wood Terrace, Circus Road,

St. John’s Wood, N.W.

1850 Baly, J. S., 4, Francis Terrace, Kentish Town, N.W.

1849 §. Barlow, F., St. Andrew’s Street, Cambridge.

1861 Bates, Henry Walter, F.Z.S., 22, Harmood Street, N.W.

1851 Beaumont, Alfred, Greave, Meltham, near Huddersfield.

1860 Bigot, J., Rue de Luxembourg, Paris.

1854 Birt, Jacob, 30, Sussex Gardens, Hyde Park, W.

1849 §.} Bladon, J., Albion House, Pont-y-pool.

1841 Bond, Fred., F.Z.S., 37, Trumpington Street, Cambridge.

1860 Bonvouloir, Henri de, 15, Rue de |’ Université, Paris.

* Bowerbank, J. S., Ph. D., F.R.S., F.G.S., F.L.S., 38, Highbury

Grove, N.

1852 + Boyd, Thomas, 17, Clapton Square, N.E.

1856 Braikenridge, Rev. G. W., M.A., F.L.S., Clevedon, near Bristol.

1849 §. Brown, Edwin, Burton-on-Trent.

1862 Browne, Rev. T. H., High Wycombe, Bucks.

1863 Bryant, George, India Office, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.

1855 Burnell, E. H., 32, Bedford Row, W.C.

1860 Candéze, Dr. E., Glain, Liége.

1859 Chaudoir, Baron Maximilien de, Volhynia, Russia.

1850 Clark, Rev. Hamlet, M.A., F.L.S., 12, Bulstrode Street, Man-

chester Square, W.

1853 Cox, Capt. Charles James, Q.G.G.A., Fordwich House,

Canterbury.

1857 Croker, T. F. Dillon, 19, Pelham Place, Brompton, S.W.

( xxyill)

ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS.

Marked * are Original Members.

Marked + have compounded for their Annual Subscriptions.

Marked 8. are Subscribers.

+ Darwin, Charles, M.A., F.R.S., &c., Down, near Bromley, 8.E.

S. Dawson, John, Carron, near Falkirk, Stirlingshire.

XXVII1

Date of

Election.

1853

ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS.

De Grey and Ripon, Earl, F.R.S., F.L.S., &c., 1, Carlton Gardens,

S.W.

Desvignes, Thomas, Fir Tree Cottage, Woodford, N.E.

Devonshire, Duke of, K.G., F.R.S., &c., Piccadilly, W.

Deyrolle, Achille, 19, Rue de la Monnaie, Paris.

Dohrn, Dr. C. A., Pres. Ent. Verein, Stettin.

Dossetor, T. P., 12, Poultry, E.C.

Doubleday, Henry, Epping.

Dunning, J. W., M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S., Secretary, 1, Old Square,

Lincoln’s Inn, W. C.

Dutton, James, 2, Theresa Place, Hammersmith, W.

Evans, W. F., Admiralty, Whitehall, S.W.

Fenning, George, Lloyds, E.C.

Francis, Horace, 38, Upper Bedford Place, Russell Square, W.C.

Fry, Alexander, F.L.S., 1, Holland Villas Road, Kensington, W.

Gloyne, C. P., 9, Summerhill Parade, Dublin.

Gould, J., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S., 26, Charlotte Street, Bedford

Square, W.C.

Gray, John, Wheatfield House, Bolton, Lancashire.

Gray, John Edw., Ph. D., F.R.S., British Museum, W. C.

Grenfell, John G., British Museum, W.C.

Groves, W., 1, Lee Place, Lee, 8.E.

Grut, Ferdinand, 9, King Street, Southwark, S.E.

Guyon, George, Ventnor, Isle of Wight.

Hackshaw, Robert, 29, Merton Road, Kensington, W.

Hamilton, Major T., India.

Hanson, Samuel, 43, Upper Harley Street, W.

Haward, Alfred, Eagle Cottage, Gloucester Road, Croydon, 8.

Hearsey, Lieut. Gen. Sir J. B., K.C.B., F.L.S., F.Z.5., The Manor

House, St. John’s Wood Park, N.W.

Hewitson, W. C., F.L.S., Oatlands, Weybridge.

Howitt, Godfrey, M.D., Collins Street East, Melbourne.

Hughes, T. E., Wallfield, Reigate.

Hunter, John, Sycamore Grove, New Malden, S8.W.

Janson, E. W., Librarian, 2, Alma Road, OS Hill, N.

Jekel, iene Paris.

Jenyns, Rev. L., M.A, F.L.S., F.G.S., 1, Darlington Place, Bath.

Jesse, F. A., F.L.S., Llanbedr Hall, Ruthin, Denbighshire.

Johnson, Henry, Hampstead Hill, N.W.

Keeley, R. G., 11, Sydney Terrace, Marlboro’ Road, Chelsea, 8.W.

Kirby, W. F., 29, Nelson Terrace, New Hampstead Road, Kentish

Town, N.W.

Kuper, Rev. C., Trellich, Chepstow.

Lacerda, Antonio de, Bahia.

Laing, James A., Paragon Road, Blackheath, S. E.

Lea, J. W., The Grange, Shepperton Green, Chertsey.

Lee, John, L.L.D., F.R.S., &c., Hartwell House, Aylesbury.

Date of

Election.

1859

1835

1851

1849

1850

1851

1858

1856

1860

1858

1853

1859

1861

1849

1841

18638

1840

1854

1860

~ 1862

1852

1851

1855

1857

1861

1849

1853

1857

1860

1864

1862

1847

1851

1852

1853

1863

+A N+ pn

ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS. XX1X

Lewis, Rev. Evan, B.A., Rothwell, Northamptonshire.

Lingwood, R. M., M.A.. F.L.S., F.G.8., Lyston, near Ross, Here-

fordshire.

Lodder, Major H., 47th Infantry.

Logan, R. F., Hawthornbrae, Duddingstone, near Edinburgh.

Lowe, Dr., Balgreen, Slateford, near Edinburgh.

Lubbock, John, F.R.S., F.L.S., F.Z.8., &c., Chiselhurst.

M‘Intosh, J., Matfen Hall, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.

M‘Lachlan, Robert, F.L.S., 1, Park Road Terrace, Forest Hill, S.E.

Marshall, William, Elm Lodge, Clay Hill, Enfield.

May, J. W., 9, Victoria Road, Finchley Road, N.W.

Miller, C., 17, Silurian Terrace, Broke Road, Dalston, N.E.

Mitford, R. H., Haverstock Place, Hampstead, N.W.

Moore, Frederic, 16, Rochester Terrace, Kentish Town Road, N.W.

Mosse, G. Staley, 12, Eldon Road, Kensington, W.

Murray, Andrew, F. L. S., Royal Horticultural Society, South

Kensington, S.W.

Newman, Edward, F.L.S., F.Z.S., M. Imp. L. C. Acad., 7, York

Grove, Queen’s Road, Peckham, S.E.

Owen, Richard, M.D., L.L.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., British

Museum, W.C.

Parfitt, Edward, Devon and Exeter Institution, Exeter.

Parry, Major F. J. Sidney, F.L.S., 18, Onslow Square, S.W.

Pascoe, Francis P., F.L.S., President, 7, Palace Garden Villas,

Kensington, W.

Pelerin, W. G., 237, Queen’s Road, Dalston, N.E.

Phillipps, William, Reigate Lodge, Reigate.

Pickersgill, J. C., Hooley House, Coulsdon, Croydon, §.

Preston, Rey. T. A., M.A., The College, Marlborough.

Reading, J. J., 11, Ham Street, Plymouth.

Robinson, E. W., 43, Harmood Street, Kentish Town, N.W.

Ruspini, F. O., 85, Oakley Square, Chelsea, S.W.

Saunders, G. S., Hill Field, Reigate.

Saunders, 8. S., H.M. Consul, Alexandria, Egypt.

Saunders, W. F., F.L.S., Hill Field, Reigate.

Saunders, W. W., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c., Hill Field, Reigate.

Saussure, H. F. de, Geneva.

Sealy, A. F., M.A., India.

Seaton, George.

Semper, Georg, Altona.

Sharp, David, 13, London Road, St. John’s Wood, N.W.

Shepherd, Edwin, Secretary, 176, Fleet Street, E.C.

Sheppard, Augustus F., 13, Church Terrace, Lee, S.E.

Sheppard, Edward, F.L.S., 5, Ladbroke Place West, Notting Hill,

_ Signoret, Victor, 51, Rue de Seine, Paris.

Smith, E, A., 27, Richmond Crescent, Islington, N.

XXX

Date of

Election.

1850

1848

1862

1837

1859

1854

1850

1856

1838

1859

1853

1859

1854

1849

1854

1862

1850

1858

1863

1850

1845

1855

ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS.

Smith, Frederick, British Museum, W.C.

Spence, W. B., 18, Lower Seymour Street, Portman Square, W.

Stainton, H. T., F.L.S., F.G.S., Mountsfield, Lewisham, S.E.

Stevens, John S., 24, Bloomsbury Street, W.C.

Stevens, Samuel, F.L.S., Treasurer, 24, Bloomsbury Street, W.C.

Tegetmeier, W. B., Muswell Hill, N.

Thompson, Miss Sophia, Barn Hill, Stamford.

Thompson, Thomas, Hull.

Thomson, James, 23, Rue de I’ Université, Paris.

Thwaites, G. R. K., F.L.S., Ceylon.

Timins, Douglas, Oriel College, Oxford.

Tompkins, H., 44, Guildford Street, Russell Square, W.C.

Trimen, Roland, Cape Town.

Turner, J. Aspinall, M.P., Cross Street, Manchester.

Vaughan, P. H., Redland, near Bristol.

Wailes, George, Burghfield Grange, Gateshead.

Walcott, Edmund, Oriental Club, Hanover Square, W.

Walcott, W. H. L., 11, Vyvyan Terrace, Clifton, Bristol.

Walker, Francis, F.L.S., The Avenue, Church End, Finchley, N.

Wallace, Alexander, M.D., East Hill, Colchester.

Wallace, Alfred R., F.Z.S.., F.R.G.S., 5, Westbourne Grove Ter-

race, Bayswater, W.

Ward, S. Neville, Hon. E. I. C. Civil Service, Madras.

Waring, 8. L., The Oaks, Norwood, S.-

Waterhouse, G. R., V.P.Z.S., &c., British Museum, W.C.

Weir, J. Jenner, 6, Haddo Villas, Blackheath, S.E.

Were, R. B., 35, Osborne Terrace, Clapham Road, S.

Westwood, Professor J. O., M.A., F.L.S., &c., Henley House,

Oxford.

Wilkinson, 8. J., 7, Jeffrey’s Square, St. Mary Axe, E.C.

Wix, William, Cockshot Hill, Reigate.

Wollaston, T. Vernon, M.A., F.L.S., 1, Barnepark Terrace, Teign-

mouth, Devon.

Wormald, Percy C., 6, Brondesbury Terrace, Kilburn, N.W.

(| Xxxi )

CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.

Date of

Election.

1850 Bach, Michael, Boppard-on-the-Rhine.

1844 Baraston, George, Hudson’s Bay.

1846 Blagrove, Lieut. Thomas, 26th Bengal Infantry.

1849 Blair, Daniel, M.D., Surgeon-General, British Guiana.

1846 Bowman, John, Bombay.

1847 Bowring, L. B., Bancoorah, near Burdwall, Bengal.

1842 Boys, Capt. W. J. E., India.

1846 Brain, T. H., Principal of Sydney College, New South Wales.

1844 Buonaparte, Prince Lucien.

1839 Cantor, Dr.

1844 Chiaga, Stephano della, Naples.

1844 Costa, Achille, Naples.

1852 Cox, F., Van Diemen’s Land.

1850 Dalton, H. G., George Town, Demerara.

1839 Downes, Ezra.

1846 Elliot, Walter, Madras.

1864 Fereday, R. W., Oakley Station, Christ Church, oe rae N.Z.

1841 Fraser, Louis, H. M. Vice-Counsul, Whidah.

1847 Gilbert, G. A., Port Philip.

1849 Goding, F., M.D., Barbadoes.

1847 Gray, M., St. Petersburgh.

1839 Griffith, W.

1846 Layard, E. L.

1846 Layard, F. P., Bengal Infantry.

1838 Low, Hugh, Labuan.

1849 M‘Lelland, J., Culcutta,

~ 1846 Peters, Francis, Zanzibar.

1846 Pope, John, Hong Kong.

1839 Sayers, Lieut.

1839 Schomburgh, Sir R.

1846 Smith, Dr. G., Madras.

1842 Stevenson, —.

1849 Thomas, Grant, Barbadoes.

1849 Walcott, R. B., M.D., Barbadoes.

1841 Wiegand, Sir F.

1845 Wilkinson, Sir J. Gardner.

1847 Wilson, C. A., Adelaide, South Australia.

1841 Younger, Lieut. John Robertson.

( XXxxii )

ERRATA.

TRANSACTIONS.

Page 447, line 20 from bottom, for ‘‘ Ludetringii,” read ‘“‘ Ludekingii.”

op HSE gy YD) pp for 300,” read ‘‘ 400.”

» 563 ,, 11 from top, for ‘‘ asemoides,” read ‘‘ asemoides,””

JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS.

Page cvii, line 20 from top, for ‘‘ N.S. v.,” read “ 3rd Series, vol. i., p. 437.”

» ¢vili ,, 3 from bottom, for ‘‘Somnertr,” read ‘‘ Sommeri.”

» cix ,, 6 from top, for “‘ Somner,”’ read ‘‘Sommer.”’

PE OXViluau same) BY for ‘‘ four,” read ‘‘ six.”

35 cl ,, 14 from bottom, for ‘‘ pLatycEPHALa,’’ read ‘‘ PLANIFRONS.”

bottom line, for ‘‘ platycephala,” read ‘ planifrons.”

» Cli, line 4 from bottom, for “ Apelocheira,” read “ Aphelocheira.”

TRANSACTIONS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

LONDON.

I. On Pronophila, a Genus of the Diurnal Lepidoptera ;

with Figures of the new Species, and reference to all

those which have been previously figured or described.

By W. C. Hewitson.

[Read March 4th, 1861.]

Axout fifteen years ago, the time when I first thought it possible

that a butterfly might possess beauty, although it was not

British, and became thoroughly fascinated with these beautiful

things, there was not, I believe, a single example of this genus in

any of our English collections. In 1846, Mr. Dyson sent several

species from Venezuela; there are a few from Bolivia and Peru,

but their favourite places of resort are those mountainous districts

which surround the city of Bogota, and it is by the collections of

Mrs. Mark and Mr. Stevens that we have chiefly been enriched.

The genus Pronophila, which I am about to illustrate for the

Transactions of the Society (happily named by Dr. Boisduval), will

contain, as I propose to extend it, about forty species, not differ-

ing at all in the neuration of the wings ; all, with one exception,

with the eyes hairy; the palpi long and densely clothed with hair,

protruded in one species to a greater length even than in Lybithea,

Differing widely in contour as well as in colour: in form—from

the species delineated in the first four plates (a very natural

group) to the tailed Pronophila Phoronea of Doubleday, and the

singular species P. Propylea of Hewitson, with its falcate wings.

VOL. I. THIRD SERIES, PART I.—MARCH, 1862. B

YD Mr. W. C. Hewitson on Pronophila.

In colour P. Tauropolis of Boisduval stands apart from all the

rest. Some of the species are subject to great variation, and

I would not be surprised to find that P. Protogenia, pl. 6,

fig, 38, P. Peurta of Westwood and P. Pronax of Hewitson,

which are figured side by side in the “ Exotic Butterflies” to

show how widely they differ on the underside of the posterior

wings, should prove to be of the same species.

P. Thelebe of the “ Genera,” P. Orcus of Latreille, P. Cor-

dillera of Westwood and P. Porsenna, pl. 5, fig. 34, are most

probably only local varieties of one species.

Some of the more obscure species of a uniform brown above

and obscurely undulated below, with but few marks and those

varying greatly in their form, are not easily determined; examples,

apparently of one species, having the wings of different propor-

tious; the margins of some even, of others distinctly dentated.

Some of the species which I have included in this genus have

the appearance of being intruders. One from Mexico has the

eyes smooth like Satyrus, with the palpi and neuration of Prono-

phila. Some are nearly allied to species of Lymanopoda of West-

wood, and are, I believe, considered by him to belong to that

genus, but they differ so widely from the typical species of

Lymanopoda, that I have thought it better to place them here.

They are all from South America.

1. Pronophila Parepa. (PI. 1. figs. 1, 2.)

-Alis omnibus rufo-fuscis fascia angusté maculari rufa; subtus

posticis griseo-undulatis.

Upperside rufous-brown: both wings crossed by a narrow

macular submarginal rufous band.

Underside as above, except that the anterior wing has the outer

margin undulated with grey, that the posterior wing has the outer

half also undulated with grey, and is without the rufous band.

Exp. 2 inch,

Hab. Guayaquil.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

2. Pronophila Phila. (PI. I. figs. 3, 4.)

Alis omnibus fuscis: anticis pone medium fascia laté rufa ;

posticis macula apicali rufé; subtus undulatis.

Upperside dark brown: anterior wing crossed transversely be-

yond the middle by a broad curved rufous band: posterior wing

with a rufous spot at the apex.

Mr. W. C. Hewitson on Pronophila. 3

Underside as above, except that the posterior wing and the apex

of the anterior wing are undulated throughout with light grey.

Exp. 147 inch.

Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

3. Pronophila Phaea. (PI. 1. figs. 5, 6.)

Alis omnibus rufo-fuscis, pone medium fascia rufa curvata;

subtus, anticis marginibus griseis, posticis griseo-undulatis.

Upperside dark red-brown: both wings crossed beyond the

middle by a broad transverse rufous band, dentated on its outer

edge.

Underside as above, except that the apex of the anterior wing

is grey ; that the basal half of the posterior wing is undulated

throughout with brown and grey marked with three light spots ;

that the transverse band is white, slightly undulated with rufous-

brown; that the space between it and the outer margin is undu-

lated with brown and grey, and that the transverse band on each

wing, from the costal margin to the middle, is marked between

each nervure by a minute black spot, dotted with white.

Var. 1. With the transverse band above clouded with brown:

the basal half of the posterior wing below of a uniform dark

brown.

Var. 2. With the transverse band of the anterior wing scarcely

seen.

Exp. 2), inch.

Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of W, C. Hewitson.

4. Pronophila Peruda. (Pl. I. figs. 7, 8.)

Alis omnibus fuscis, pone medium fascia rufa laté recta ; subtus

marginibus griseo-undulatis.

Upperside dark brown: both wings crossed beyond the middle

by anearly straight, broad, equal, rufous band.

Underside as above, except that the outer margins are undu-

lated with grey; that the band of the posterior wing is nearly

white slightly undulated with light brown and marked with two

minute black spots, and that there is a small white spot near

the anal angle.

Exp. 2-2 inch.

Hab. Amazon.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

4 Mr. W. C. Hewitson on Pronophila.

5. Pronophila Plotina. (PI. II. figs. 9, 10.)

Alis omnibus fuscis ; posticis macula magna rufa anali.

Upperside dark brown. Anterior wing lighter beyond the

middle; posterior wing with a large rufous spot on the outer mar-

gin from its middle to the anal angle.

Underside as above, except that the anterior wing has a light

spot on the costal margin beyond the middle, and is slightly undu-

lated with grey towards the outer margin; that the posterior

wing is red-brown, undulated throughout with darker brown, and

-crossed from the anal angle to beyond the middle by a band of

yellow, and that the rufous spot is clouded and undulated with

brown, marked by two lunular spots of lighter colour.

Exp. 2 inch.

Hab. Venezuela.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

6. Pronophila Pylas. (PI. II. figs. 11, 12.)

Alis omnibus fuscis; anticis maculis duabus albis ; subtus griseo-

undulatis.

Upperside dark brown. Anterior wing with a small white spot

near the costal margin beyond the middle, and between it and the

anal angle a large spot, also white.

Underside with the basal half of both wings dark brown;

both crossed beyond it by a broad band, undulated with grey and

brown; both with a black line near the outer margin (zig-zag on

the posterior wing); both with the outer margin broadly red-

brown. Anterior wing with the white spots as above, except that

the small spot is extended to meet the large one. The grey band

of the posterior wing with one or two minute black spots dotted

with white.

Exp. 2,1, inch.

Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Nearly allied to P. Pallantis, but can scarcely be only a variety.

7. Pronophila Peucestas. (PI. Il. figs. 13, 14.)

Alis omnibus fusco-nigris; anticis in medio fascia albA; subtus

griseo-undulatis, posticis punctis lineisque albis.

Upperside dark brown. Anterior wing rounded at the apex;

crossed midway by a broad transverse band of white commencing

at the costal margin, proceeding in a direct line towards the anal

Mr. W. C. Hewitson on Pronophila. 5

angle, but extending only a little beyond the first branch of the

median nervure.

Underside light brown. Anterior wing with the band as above;

an indistinct white spot within the cell, a second near the apex; a

black line near the outer margin. Posterior wing with the basal

half (which has its boundary marked with three white spots) dark

brown, succeeded by a broad, nearly equal, clouded band of brown

and grey traversed by a row of minute white spots and bordered

near the outer margin by a zig-zag black line.

Exp. 2-3, inch.

Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

8. Pronophila Pallantis. (PI. Il. figs. 15, 16.)

Alis omnibus fuscis; anticis ante medium fascia lata alba (lined

nigra intersecté); subtus griseo-undulatis.

Upperside dark brown. Anterior wing truncated at the apex,

crossed before the middle by a broad transverse band of white

(marked by a black line at the boundary of the cell), reaching

from the costal margin to the inner margin above the anal angle.

Underside light grey-brown. Anterior wing with the white

band as above; grey near the apex, marked with a black line

near the outer margin. Posterior wing undulated ; the basal half

(which has a light spot on the costal margin) is dark brown,

has its outer boundary very angular, and is succeeded by a broad

unequal band of light grey-brown, marked with two small black

spots dotted with white, and bordered with a zig-zag line of

black.

Exp. 22; inch.

Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

9. Pronophila Physcoa. (PI. III. fig. 17.)

Alis omnibus rufo-fuscis; anticis macula magna rufescente ;

subtus ubique atra undulatis.

Upperside brown; anterior wing with a large oval rufous spot

from the third median nervule to the anal angle.

Underside as above, except that it is undulated throughout with

darker brown.

Exp. 24 inch.

Hab. Bolivia.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

6 Mr. W. C. Hewitson on Pronophila.

10. Pronophila Phanias. (P1. II. fig. 18.)

Alis omnibus rufo-fuscis, posticis dentatis ; subtus anticarum

apice, posticis ubique atra undulatis.

Upperside uniform rufous-brown.

Underside. Anterior wing rufous-brown ; crossed transversely

at the middle and near the outer margin by lines of dark brown,

with between them a row of minute whitish spots; posterior wing

undulated with rufous-brown and grey and black; crossed trans-

versely at the middle and near the outer margin by zig-zag black

lines ; a minute white spot near the anal angle.

Exp. 2 inch.

Hab. Minas Geraes. |

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

11. Pronophila Poesia. (PI. III. fig. 19.)

Alis omnibus fuscis, dentatis ; subtus, anticis prope apicem

macula grisea, posticis griseo-undulatis macula alba in medio

Mmarginis costalis, F

Upperside uniform dark brown.

Underside dark brown. Anterior wing with a large rufous

spot near the outer margin, a white spot near the apex. Pos-

terior wing undulated throughout with brown and grey, lightest

at the anal angle and the apex; crossed from the inner margin to

the middle by a zig-zag band of grey; a white spot on the costal

margin, and a minute spot of white near the anal angle. ef

Exp. 2,4, inch.

Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

12. Pronophila Pisonia. (P1. III. figs. 20, 21.)

Alis omnibus fuscis ; subtus fascia angusta atra; posticis

ocello albo-pupillato prope angulum analem.

Upperside, male, dark brown.

Underside lighter brown, undulated: both wings crossed near

the middle by a narrow black band bordered outwardly with

lighter colour. Anterior wing with four minute spots of white

near the apex. Posterior wing with an ocellus pupilled with

white near the anal angle, and a line of minute white spots parallel -

to the outer margin.

Female differs in being larger and of a lighter brown—in

having the anterior wing crossed on the upperside by a band of

darker brown.

Mr. W. C. Hewitson on Pronophila. 7

Var. male, fig. 20. With a white spot on the costal margin of

the posterior wing.

Exp. $ 2 inch. 2 2.2, inch.

Hab. Venezuela.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

13. Pronophila Panyasis. (PI. III. fig. 22.

Alis omnibus rufo-fuscis, dentatis ; subtus, anticarum margini-

bus, posticis ubique alba et atra undulatis.

Upperside uniform rufous-brown, the margins dentated and

spotted with white. ;

Underside. Anterior wing rufous-brown, undulated on the

costal margin and at the apex with black and grey. Posterior

wing angular at the apex, beautifully variegated with rufous-brown

and black and grey; crossed transversely beyond the middle by

a waved band of black, and near the outer margin by a zig-zag

black line ; two nearly white spots on the costal margin.

Exp. 2 inch.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

14. Pronophila Piletha. (P\. Ill. fig. 23.)

Alis omnibus rufo-fuscis; posticis subtus undulatis et nebu-

losis, pone medium fascia maculaque costali albis,

Upperside rufous-brown.

* Underside. Anterior wing dark brown, lighter towards the

outer margin; the apex and a spot near it grey. Posterior wing

light brown, undulated and clouded with darker brown; crossed

beyond the middle from the inner margin (where it is broad) to

the discoidal nervure (where it ends ina point) by a white band.

A spot on the costal margin, and a minute spot near the anal

angle, also white.

Exp. 2 inch.

Hab. Venezuela.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

This is probably only a variety of the next.

15. Pronophila Prytanis. (PI. Ill. fig. 24.)

Alis omnibus fusco-nigris ; posticis subtus macula anali alba.

Upperside uniform dark brown. The margin of the anterior

wing distinctly spotted with white.

8 Mr. W. C. Hewitson on Pronophila.

Underside dark brown. Both wings with an indistinct white

spot on their costal margins beyond the middie. Anterior wing

with two or three minute white spots between the nervures. Pos-

terior wing darker than above, undulated, with a large, nearly

bifid, silvery-white spot, and a minute spot, also white, at the

anal angle.

There is a variety of this species in which the white spot near

the anal angle, on the underside of the posterior wing, is pro-

duced until it reaches the third median nervule in a point: it is

without the indendation on its inner border.

Exp. 2.3, inch.

Hab. Venezuela.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

16. Pronophila Pausia. (P\. IV. fig. 25.)

‘Alis omnibus fuscis, marginibus rufescentibus; anticis subtus

punctis duobus albis; posticis fascié rufescente punctisque

quatuor albis.

Upperside dark brown rufous towards the outer margin of the

anterior wing.

Underside dark brown rufous towards the anal angle of the

posterior wing. Anterior wing with two or three very minute white

spots near the apex. Posterior wing crossed from the anal angle

to beyond the middle by a band of lighter colour, where it is met

by a line of three or four small white spots.

Exp. 2-2, inch. .

Hab. Bolivia. |

In the Collection of the British Museum.

17. Pronophila Paneis. (Pl. IV. figs. 26, 27.)

Alis omnibus fuscis; subtus, anticis fascia indistincté punctisque

quatuor albis; posticis fascia rufescente.

Upperside dark brown.

Underside lighter brown. Anterior wing crossed transversely

at the middle by a narrow indistinct band, most distinctly marked

near the costal margin, with, between it and the apex, a line of

four minute white spots. Posterior wing crossed by a triangular

rufous band from the anal angle to the middle, where it is met by

some grey spots, which are continued near the outer margin, but

much less distinctly marked.

Variety, fig. 26. Without the minute spots of the anterior wing.

Mr. W. C. Hewitson on Pronophila. 9

The band of the posterior wing much shorter. A minute white

spot near the anal angle.

Exp. 2, inch.

Hab. Upper Amazon.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

18. Pronophila Porina. (PI. IV. fig. 28.)

Alis omnibus fuscis; anticis ante medium fascia albA; subtus,

anticarum apice, posticis ubique undulatis.

Upperside rufous-brown. Anterior wing crossed before the

middle by a band of white.

Underside undulated throughout. Anterior wing with the apex

and costal margin grey. Posterior wing rufous-brown towards its

outer margin.

Exp. J % inch.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This species differs considerably from those just described, in

the rounded form of the apex of the anterior wing. In other

respects it is similar. I have, unfortunately, no record of its

locality.

19. Pronophila Proerna. (PI. 1V. fig. 29.)

Alis omnibus fuscis; subtus anticarum apice, posticis ubique

griseo-undulatis punctis duobus albis.

Upperside dark brown.

Underside also dark brown, rufous on part of the anterior wing.

Anterior wing with the apex undulated with grey. Posterior wing

undulated throughout with grey, with a small spot of white near

the apex and anal angle.

A variety of this species has the white spot near the anal angle

of the posterior wing much larger.

Exp. 2-6 inch.

Hab. Bogota.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

20. Pronophila Phenissa. (Pl. IV. fig. 80.)

Alis omnibus rufo-fuscis ; posticis subtus macula alba anali.

Upperside rufous glossy brown.

Underside dull brown; the outer margins undulated with grey.

Posterior wing with a dull white triangular spot at the anal angle,

10 Mr. W. OC. Hewitson on Pronophila.

and a row of two or three minute white spots parallel to the outer

margin.

Exp. 2,3, inch.

Hab. Bogota. :

In the Collection of the British Museum.

21. Pronophila Polusca. (Pl. IV. figs. 31, 32.)

Alis omnibus fuscis; posticis subtus rufescentibus fascia indis-

tincta punctisque duobus albis.

Upperside dark brown.

Underside. Anterior wing dark brown, with the apex grey.

Posterior wing rufous-brown undulated with darker brown:

crossed transversely, a little beyond the middle, by a narrow band

of lighter colour, with, between it and the outer margin, two

small white spots.

Variety, fig. 32. With the outer half of the wing (the apex

excepted) light rufous.

Exp. 23 inch.

Hab. Bogota.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

22. Pronophila Orchus.

Satyrus Orchus, Latr. in Humb. and Bonpl. Obs. Zool. ii.

Pani2eaplenson delay 2-

Taygetis Orchus, Westw. in Doubl. and Hewits. Gen. Diur.

Lep. p. 357.

Alis omnibus nigro-fuscis ; anticis sub apice maculis quatuor

BTISeise

Upperside black. Anterior wing mith four grey spois near the

apex.

Underside. Anterior wing dark brown, lighter near the base,

marked beyond the middle by a rufous spot, followed by a line of

four light blue spots; the apex grey, marked with two white

spots. Posterior wing light grey, sometimes almost white; the

base and a broad transverse band before the middle dark brown,

followed by a transverse band of eight black or brown ocelli,

each surrounded with a line of light brown, each usually with

a pupil of Jight blue ; a sub-marginal zig-zag black line.

Exp. 3-1, inch.

Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Mr. W. C. Hewitson on Pronophila. ill

23. Pronophila Thelebe.

P. Thelebe, Doubl. and Hewits. Gen. Diur. Lep. pl. 60.

lio. Bo

Alis omnibus nigro-fuscis ; anticis sub apice maculis duabus

aut tribus albis.

Upperside black. Anterior wing nith a bifid white spot near

the apex, sometimes surmounted by a round black spot bordered

with white, sometimes followed near the middle of the outer

margin by a third spot of white.

Underside. Anterior wing dark brown, marked beyond the

middle by a rufous spot, followed by a line of three light blue

spots; the apex grey, marked by two white spots (one large and

bifid), with below them a third minute white spot. Posterior wing

grey ; the base and a broad transverse band before the middle

dark brown, followed by a transverse band of eight black or brown

ocelli, the irides white, the pupils (when any) light blue; a sub-

marginal dentate black line.

Exp. 2+), inch.

Hab. Venezuela.

Var. a. Without the rufous spot of the anterior wing ; the pos-

terior wing of a much darker grey; the ocelli obscure; the sub-

marginal black line z2g-zag, not dentate, the outer margin broadly

brown.

Exp. 35 inch.

Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

24. Pronophila Cordillera. (PI. V. fig. 33.)

P. Cordillera, Westw. in Doub]. and Hewits. Gen. Diur.

Lep. p. 358.

Alis omnibus nigro-fuscis; subtus anticis rufis, ocellis septem

nigris (duobus minutis), ceruleo-pupillatis ; posticis griseo-

fuscis fascia lata transversa fusca ocellisque octo nigris albo-

pupillatis. :

Upperside black.

Underside. Anterior wing rufous, crossed transversely beyond

the middle by a band of five large oval black spots, each with its

centre light blue; two small black spots near the apex, also

dotted with blue, the outer margin broadly brown. Posterior

wing grey, clouded with brown, crossed before the middle by a

broad band of brown, followed by a band of eight distinct black

12 Mr. W. C. Hewitson on Pronophila.

ocelli, the pupils light blue, the irides light brown, bordered with

darker brown. A sub-marginal zig-zag indistinct black line, the

margin broadly brown.

Exp. 3,1, inch.

Hab. Venezuela.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

25. Pronophila Porsenna. (PI. V. fig. 34.)

Alis omnibus nigro-fuscis ; subtus fuscis: anticis ocellis quinque

ceruleo-pupillatis ; posticis fascia lata transversd fusca ocel-

lisque octo minutis: nonnullis albo-pupillatis.

Upperside black. The apex of the anterior wing lighter.

Underside. Anterior wing dark brown, lighter near the base,

crossed transversely beyond the middle by four nearly round black

spots, each with its centre light blue, the fourth spot with its inner

margin rufous ; a transverse band of grey near the apex, touching

three of the black spots. Posterior wing grey, with a narrow

transverse band near the base, a broad unequal band before the

middle, the outer margin, the boundary of a band of ocelli, all

brown; the ocelli grey, like the rest of the wing; the pupils

small, indistinct and black, sometimes dotted with white; a sub-

marginal waved black line.

Exp. 3), inch.

Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

I have been compelled either to describe this as a new species

or to consider it (with the two last described) as varieties of

Orchus. The ocelli, which cross the posterior wing of this species,

are much more obscurely marked than in the three preceding.

26. Pronophila Puerta.

P. Puerta, Westw. in Doubl. and Hewits. Gen. Diur. Lep.

p- 358; Hewitson’s Ex. But. vol. ii. Sat. pl. 41, f. 12.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

27. Pronophila Pronax.

P. Pronax, Hewitson’s Ex. But. vol. ii. Sat. pl. 41, f. 10, 11.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Mr. W. C. Hewitson on Pronophila. 13

28. Pronophila Protogenia. (PI. VI. fig. 38.)

Alis omnibus rufo-fuscis, fascid communi rufa punctis nigris

notata; subtus rufo-fuscis, posticis duplici serie transversa

macularum flavarum, intermedium ocellis nigris albo-pupil-

latis.

Upperside, male, dark brown. Both wings crossed near the

outer margin by a broad, orange-rufous band traversed by a row

of round black spots of unequal size: four or five on the anterior

wing, six or seven on the posterior wing.

Underside rufous-brown. Anterior wing as above, except that

there are two or three white spots near the apex, and that the

black spot nearest the apex is dotted with white. Posterior wing

with the nervures black; crossed beyond the middle by two

transverse bands of pale yellow spots, with between them a row of

distinct black spots, dotted with white, the spots of the lower band

irregularly placed in pairs.

Female does not differ from the male except in its being rather

larger, and in having the sub-marginal row of black spots more dis-

tinctly marked.

Exp. 2-6; inch.

Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This species is very closely allied to P. Peurta and P. Pronaz.

On the upperside the three species are very nearly alike: on the

underside P. Protogenia is most nearly allied to P. Pronax; they

are both without the white band which crosses the posterior wing

of P. Peurla before the middle.

29. Pronophila Prechyta. (PI. VI. fig. 39.)

Alis omnibus nigro-fuscis ; subtus anticis macula magna apicali

grisea ; posticis maculis sub-marginalibus albjs et griscis.

Upperside rufous-brown.

Underside. Anterior wing from the base to the middle rufous,

beyond it dark brown, crossed by a band of four rufous spots; a

large triangular spot on the costal margin near the apex, and two

ill-defined spots, near the middle of the outer margin, grey. Pos-

terior wing grey, with the outer margin (except the apex), and an

14 Mr. W. C. Hewitson on Pronophila.

ill-defined band near the middle, rufous-brown; a sub-marginal

band of irregular*spots of silvery white or grey.

Exp. 3-2, inch.

Hab. Bolivia.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

This is probably only a variety of P. Jrmina, from which it

scarcely differs, except in wanting the large grey-white spot.of the

upperside,

30. Pronophila Irmina.

& P. Irmina, Doubl. and Hewits. Gen. Diur. Lep. p. 358,

pl 60; fez.

@ Herrich-Schaffer, Lep. Ex. f. 85, 86.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

31. Pronophila Tauropolis.

P. Tauropolis, Doubl. and Hewits. Gen. Diur. Lep. p.

_ 358, pl. 66, f. 1.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

82. Pronophila Phoronea.

P. Phoronea, Doubl, and Hewits. Gen. Diur. Lep. p. 338,

pls 60; fe Ie

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

33. Pronophila Propylea.

P. Propylea, Hewits. Ex. But. vol. ii. Sat. pl. 40, f. 5, 6.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

34. Pronophila Phaselis. (Pl. VI. fig. 37.)

Alis omnibus nigro-fuscis; subtus posticis fasciis maculisque

argenteo-albis.

Upperside rufous-brown.

Underside. Anterior wing brown; the apex and outer margin

rufous; two nearly white spots near the apex, and some indis-

tinct dark brown spots near the outer margin. Posterior wing

rufous-brown: crossed beyond the middle by a band of six

ocelli, four of them dark brown, each with a minute dot of

white, the middle pair rufous, bordered with a circle of yellow;

marked by several silvery white spots, three near the base cross-

ing the wing, one at the middle of the costal margin, the rest in a

Mr. W. C. Hewitson on Pronophila. 15

band which commences at the apex, and, coming between the two

rufous ocelli, divides into two branches, which nearly reach the

inner margin, inclosing three of the ocelli.

Exp. 2.4, inch.

Hab. Venezuela.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

35. Pronophila Prosymna g. (PI. V. figs. 35, 36.)

@- Hewits. Ex. But. vol. ii. Sat. pl. 40,

f, 3, 4.

Upperside, male, rufous from the base to the middle, beyond it

black; crossed on the anterior wing by a broad, nearly equal,

rufous band—on the posterior wing by a band of rufous spots.

Underside. Anterior wing as above, except that the apex is

grey. Posterior wing light grey, clouded and undulated with

brown: crossed at the middle of the wing by a broad band, dark

brown, and of equal breadth from the costal margin to the middle

of the wing, beyond it rufous-brown, irregular, and ending in two

spots near the middle of the costal margin: two spots of white

(one of them of irregular form) near the middle of the outer

margin.

Exp. 2,6, inch.

Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

The figures in the plate are drawn from two very imperfect

examples, but I have no doubt that they are males of P. Pro-

symna.

36. Pronophila Zapatoza.

Westwood in Gen. Diur. Lep. p. 358.

Herrich-Schafler, Lep. Ex. f. 87, 88.

Hewitson, Ex. But. vol. ii. Sat. pl. 40, f. 1, 2.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

37. Pronophila Cirta.

Lasiophila Cirta, Felder, Wien Ent. Monats. vol. iii. pl. 6,

folie ekS 59s

Pronophila Preneste, Hewitson, Ex. But. vol. ii. Sat.

pl. 40, f. 73) 8,9... L860;

16 Mr. W. C. Hewitson on Pronophila.

38. Pronophila Patrobas. (PI. VI. figs. 40, 41.)

Alis omnibus griseo-fuscis ; anticis punctis quatuor albis: pos-

ticis fascia sub-marginali rufa punctis albis duobus notata;

subtus anticis punctis quatuor nigris albo-pupillatis ; posticis

fascia sub-marginali brunneo-undulata maculis albis quinque

notata.

Upperside dark brown. Anterior wing lighter near the outer

margin: crossed beyond the middle by four minute white spots.

Posterior wing crossed near the outer margin by a broad rufous

band, marked with two small white spots.

Underside as above, except that the apex of the anterior wing

is grey and the white spots bordered with black, and that there is

an indistinct sub-marginal band of brown; that the band of the

posterior wing is grey, undulated with rufous-brown, marked on

its inner border by four or five spots of pale yellow, dentated on

its outer border.

The sexes are alike.

Exp. 2-3, inch.

Hab. Mexico.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This species differs from the rest of the genus in having its eyes

- smooth.

39. Pronophila Perperna.

Alis omnibus rufo-fuscis; anticis ocello nigro (femine albo-

pupillato); subtus nigro-undulatis ocello nigro albo-pupillato

prope angulum analem; anticis macula alba, posticis fascia

macularum cineracearum.

Upperside, male, rufous-brown. Anterior wing with an indis-

tinct black ocellus near the outer margin below its middle.

Underside rufous-brown, undulated with darker brown; each

wing with a black ocellus, with pupil of white near the anal angle

and an indistinct sub-marginal band of brown, zig-zag and some-

times broken into spots on the posterior wing. Anterior wing

with a rufous band at the end of the cell, two or three grey-white

spots on the costal margin beyond its middle, and a round white

spot near the apex. Posterior wing dentated, crossed beyond the

middle by a curved band of grey spots.

Female like the male, except that the ocellus on the upperside

of the anterior wing is more distinct and pupilled with white; that

on the underside there is a broad band of grey near the outer

Mr. W. C. Hewitson on Pronophila. 17

margin of both wings, clouded with brown on the posterior wing,

and that the ocellus of the anterior wing has a rufous border

above it.

Var. Male. Without the ocellus on the upperside.

Exp. 2,3, inch.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

_ This species is very closely allied to P. Pisonia, and ought to

have come next to it. It differs from it chiefly in having an

ocellus and white spot on the underside of the anterior wing. I

regret that I accidentally omitted it when I was preparing the

plates. Descriptions only, of species so closely allied as some of

those which I have endeavoured to elucidate here, are of very

little worth.

Nore.

The SIX PLATES in illustration of this Paper have been by inadvertence

numbered “ Vol. 6, N. S.,” instead of ‘* Vol. 1, Third Series.”’

VOL, I. THIRD SERIES, PART I.—MARCH, 1862, c

18 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Votes on

II. Notes on Chrysomelidee in the Linnean and Banksian

Collections. By G. R. Waternouss, Esq., V.P.Z.S..

&e.

{Read Nov. 5th, 1860.]

Havine at distant periods twice examined the species of Chryso-

melide in the Linnzan Collection,* and having again looked

through the collection, with considerable care, within a few days,

it has been suggested by a friend that my notes might be accept-

able to the Society. I therefore beg to lay them before this

meeting. I have quite recently also examined many of the Chry-

somelide in the Banksian Collection, which it is supposed was

named by Fabricius. However this may be, it is certain that he

overlooked the specimens, and described many species from the

Banksian Cabinet. The specimens in this last-mentioned collec-

tion are many of them in very bad condition, and require cleaning

before they are capable of a very accurate examination; at the

same time I think my determinations will be found generally cor-

rect. ‘The Linnzean specimens, considering their age, are generally

in good condition. I have examined only those which have the

labels attached to them—labels which are said to be in Linnzeus’s

own writing. I will take them as they stand in the collection, and

it will be seen that they follow nearly in the same order as do the

descriptions in the “ Fauna Suecica.” I will here observe that the

species of the ‘‘ Fauna” are generally well represented in the col-

lection, but of those subsequently described in the “Systema” I

find but a small number.

1. Chrysomela Gottingensis (Faun. Suec. 160, 505). Two dif-

ferent insects, each bearing the same name, but with separate

labels, stand to represent the species. The first is the Chrys.

Gottingensis of modern authors, and the second is the Timarcha

coriaria. This last-named insect also stands in the Banksian Col-

lection as Chr. Goltingensis.

2. Chrys. Tanaceti (Kaun. Suec. 160, 507), Adimonia, id., of

modern authors. t+

* My first examination was in September, 1857 ; and I again examined the

collection last year.

+ I will not repeat this phrase hereafter—let it be understood, that the names

given in the second column are those now in common use.

Chrysomelide, in Linnean and Banksian Collections. 19

8. Chr. graminis (Faun. Suec. 160, 509). One specimen only.

I took with me to the Linnean Society specimens of the two green

Chrysomele known to us by the Stephensian names graminis and

fulgida, and after a careful comparison I was quite convinced that

the Linnzean insect agreed with the latter species. When com-

pared with our Chr. graminis, Steph., it differed in having the

thorax broader and more convex, and less contracted in front,

than in that insect: it differed also in colouring. Whereas all the

specimens of C. graminis, Steph., which I have been able recently

to examine, are of an uniform colour in the elytra, the Linnean

insect presents three colours in the elytra. They are of a bright

golden green, with a narrow edging of blue at the suture; a

broadish band of a golden-copper hue at the outer margin, and a

blue patch within this, immediately behind the shoulder swelling.

In fulgida, Stephens, this last-mentioned blue patch is often more

extended, and then assumes the form of a blue band within the

golden-copper band, but the condition presented by the Linnzan

specimen is very commonly found. Now upon referring to M.

Suffrian’s descriptions I find that these same distinctions serve to

distinguish the Chr. graminis of that author from his Chr. Men-

thastri, but that his description of Chr. graminis agrees with the

Linnzan insect, and not with the Chr. graminis of Stephens’s

Collection. In short, Chr. graminis, Linn, Coll. is= Chr. fulgida,

Steph., and = Chr. graminis, Suffrian; whilst Chr. graminis of

Stephens’s Collection is = Chr. Menthastri of Suffrian. I may add

that the Chrysom. graminis of the Banksian Collection is the same

as that in the Linnean.

4. Chrys. enea (Faun. Suec. 161, 510). This is decidedly not

the Lina (or Melasoma) enea of modern authors: it differs in

having a relatively smaller thorax and more ample elytra. The

thorax has the sides distinctly incrassated, and an irregular longi-

tudinal depression at some little distance from, but parallel with,

the lateral margin. The elytra are finely and evenly punctured

throughout; the punctures show no tendency to. form longitudinal

series as in the Chr. enea of Fab. The only specimen of the Lin-

nan Collection is of an znevus colour above, and zneous black

beneath: the whole margin of the abdomen is rufous, the rufous

being most extended on the last segments. In fact, the Chr. enea

of the Linnean Collection is = Lina cuprea.

5. Chrys. Alni (Faun. Suec. 161, 511) = Agelastica Alni.

Cue,

20 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s (Votes on

6. Chrys. hemaptera (Faun. Suec. 161, 512) = Crys., id.

7. Chrys. Padi (Faun. Suec. 161, 513). Upon a former ocea-

sion I took this insect to be the Cyphon Padi, but upon cleaning

the specimen a little, I perceive that it has two or three faint costz

on each elytron, a character by which I am in the habit of dis-

tinguishing the Cyphon coarctatus, of which it is a smallish variety.

8. Chrys. armoracee (Faun. Suec. 161, 515) = Phedon coch-

learie (of Gyllenhal) = Betule, Suffrian. The elytra of the insect

are delicately punctate-striated, with the interstices finely, but

pretty distinctly, punctured; they have a distinct impression

within the humeral hump, and are of an obscure greenish colour.

It was compared with our common blue Ph. Betul@, Steph.

= cochlearie, Suffr.), from which it differed not only in having

the humeral impression more distinct, but in being broader and

less convex, and in having the interstices of the strize of the elytra

distinctly punctured.

9. Chrys. cerealis (Syst. Nat. 588, 17) = Chrys., id.

10. Chrys. fastuosa (Syst. Nat. 588, 18), Chrys., id.

11. Chrys. halensis (Syst. Nat. 589, 20), Agelastica, id.

12. Chrys. vulgatissima (Faun. Suec. 162, 517), Phratora, id.

= Phedon unicolor, Steph.

13. Chrys. vitellinee (Faun. Suec. 163, 519), Phratora, id.

14. Chrys. Poligont (Faun. Suec. 163, 520), Gastrophysa Poly-

goni. :

. Chrys. pallida (Faun. Suec. 163, 521), Gonioctena, id.

16. Chrys. Staphylea (Faun. Suec. 163, 518), Chrys., id.

17. Chrys. polita (Faun. Suec. 168, 522), Chrys., id.

18. Chrys. lurida (Syst. Nat. 590, 28), Chrys., id.

19. Chrys. Populi (Faun. Suec. 163, 523), Lina, id.

Chrysomelide, in Linnean and Banksian Collections. 21

20. Chrys. viminalis (Faun. Suec. 163, 524). It appears to me

that this is a singular variety of the Chrysomela (Gonioctena) vimi-

nalis of Suffrian—a variety so rare with us in England, that after

looking over a large number of specimens, I have only succeeded in

finding one individual presenting the same conditions, and that is

in Dr, Leach’s Collection. ‘The point that is most striking about

the Linnzean specimens is, that the thorax (instead of having a

transverse black patch at the base, and which is more or less

emarginated in front) has two smallish black spots in a transverse

line behind the middle of the thorax, but distinctly removed from

the base. The elytra are immaculate. The legs are entirely

black, a character which helps to distinguish this species from the

Chrysom. triandre and Chrys. affinis of Suffrian. The species is

represented in the Linnzan Collection by three specimens (two of

which are on the label) answering to the above description, and a

third specimen which has the thorax immaculate as well as the

elytra.

21. Chrys. decempunctata (Faun. Suec. 164, 525) = Gonioctena

rufipes and G. 10-punctata, Steph. There are three specimens

stuck on the label bearing the name: the first is the G. rufipes, and

the other two are the Gon. 10-punctata of Stephens (= viminaks,

Suffr.), agreeing with our British specimens in their more common

condition.

22. Chrys. Lapponica (Faun. Suec. 164, 526) = Lina Lapponica.

23. Chrys. Boleti (Faun. Suec. 165, 527) = Diaperis Boleti.

24. Chrys. collaris (Faun. Suec. 165, 528) = Lina, id.

25. Chrys. hemorrhoidalis (Syst. Nat. 587, 6). A species of

Gonioctena I am unacquainted with; of a pitchy black colour,

with the inflected margins of the elytra rufescent. I suspect the

var. 7. of Gyllenhal’s Chrys. dispar will be found to agree with the

Linnzan specimen.

26.. Chrys. sanguinolenta (Faun. Suec. 165, 529). Upon looking

through the description of C. sanguinolenta given by M. Suffrian,

soon after having examined the Linnzean specimen, I am inclined

to think that the species described by that author is identical with

the Linnzan one, but the disc of the thorax in the Linnean insect

is smooth. Upon comparing the two British insects, C. sanguino-

29 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Notes on

lenta, of Stephens’s Manual (the northern species), and the C. dis-

tinguenda, of the same work (our southern insect), with the Lin-

nzean specimen, it agreed with neither. In the form and sculpture

of the thorax, and in the form of. the orange band on the elytra,

it agrees with C. distinguenda, but the elytra are much more

coarsely punctured than in that insect. On the other hand, when

compared with Stephens’s sanguznolenta, it differed in being larger,

in having the sides of the thorax more rounded in front, the dise

smooth; in having the elytra less rugose, the great punctures

rather less numerous, and in having the lateral orange band of a

different form. In fourteen specimens of our northern insect

which I examined, [ found they all agreed in having this band

dilated at the humeral hump, and presenting an outline which is

convex in the direction of the suture, whilst in the Linnean insect

this same band is of uniform width as in our distinguenda, and the

outline is therefore concave in the inner side at the humeral hump.

Our northern species (which appeared to me to have the anterior

angles of the thorax more produced) is of a dullish black colour,

sometimes with an extremely faint bronze tint. Distenguenda, with

its comparatively fine sculpturing, is blue-black above: the Lin-

neean insect is black, with a very obscure tint of blue. I have

since seen specimens from Germany and other parts of Europe,

which appear to me are the same as the Linnean insect, but

most of them (not all) had the disc of the thorax pretty distinctly

punctured. Of such specimens, from the continent, there are

many in the British Museum Collection, but in the same collection

I only saw one insect which perfectly agreed with our C. distin-

guenda, and not one which quite agreed with our so-called san-

guinolenta. This unsatisfactory note will serve to call attention to

the subject; at present I am unwilling to identify either of the

two British insects alluded to with the sanguinolenta of Linneus.

27. Chrys. marginata (Faun. Suec, 165, 530) = Chrys., id.

28. Chrys. marginella (Faun. Suec. 165, 531) = Helodes, id.

29. Chrys. coccinea (Faun. Suec. 166, 532), Endomyehus, id.

30. Chrys. oferacea (Faun. Suec. 166, 534). Two specimens

on the label ; one is the Haltica Eruce, Steph. = Graptodera con-

sobrina, Allard; the other is certainly the Grapt. oleracea of

Foudras, Allard, &c.

Chrysomelide, in Linnean and Banksian Collections. 23

31. Chrys. chrysocephala (Faun. Sueéc. 166, 535). Is a small

eryptocephalus with a black thorax, and blue elytra; the mouth,

anda V-shaped mark on the forehead, the three basal joints of the

antennee, the anterior margin of the thorax, and the lateral margin,

on the fore part, as well as the four anterior legs, pale testaceous ;

the under parts and the hind legs black, the elytra punctate-.

striate—an insect, in fact, which agrees with Gyllenhal’s descrip-

tion of Crypt. punctiger. There is but one specimen, and that

with the label attached. If this really be the Chrys. chrysocephala

of the “ Fauna Suecica,” which I fully believe to be the case, Lin-

neus is of course wrong in attributing saltatorial powers to the

insect, which has given rise to his description being referred to

the Psylliodes chrysocephala.

32. Chrys. Hyoscyami (Faun. Suec. 166, 536) = Psylliodes, id.

33. Chrys. atricilla (Faun. Suec. 166, 537) is certainly the

Psylliodes affinis of most modern authors = Haltica atricilla,

Panzer. ‘The posterior tibiz are produced beyond the insertion

of the tarsus, the elytra are punctate-striate, and the colouring as

described in the “ Fauna Suecica.”

34, Chrys. erythrocephala (Faun. Suec. 166, 538) is a Psyl-

liodes, certainly nearly allied to Ps. chrysocephala. It is rather

smaller and shorter; black, with blue elytra; the head entirely

red, the thorax more thickly and more distinctly punctured, the

elytra more finely punctate-striated, the punctures not only being

very delicate, but often somewhat remote from each other; the

interstices almost impunctate; the anterior legs piceous, with the

knees and feet testaceous; the hinder femora black, the tibie

rufescent. I have seen three specimens from Germany agreeing

with this Linnean insect, which I have little doubt is the Haltica

chrysocephala, var. c. of Gyllenhal, iii. 569. [The species has since

been described in M. Allard’s Monograph, under the name Psyl-

liodes rufilabris. |

35. Chrys. helxines (Faun. Suec. 167, 540). Two specimens

on the label, one is the Crepidodera fulvicornis of most modern

authors (Cr. helxines of Foudras), the other is Cr. aurata of Mar-

sham = Crepidodera, id. Foudras. Linnzeus, it will be observed

says of the insect, “ Antennis pedibusque omnibus testaceis.”

36. Chrys. exoleta (Faun, Suec. 167, 541). One specimen

only. This is a Thyamis (or Teinodactyla), and, after a careful

24 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s oles on

comparison with specimens of the H. femoralis (well described

under that name by M. Allard), f am convinced it is specifically

identical. The black on its hinder femora, as in the insect named,

is chiefly confined to the upper part, in which it differs from the

nearly allied insect H. ochroleuca of Marsham, which has the

apical half of the posterior femora black. The insect I have

taken plentifully at Darent, and near Reigate, on the Echium

vulgare, and think I cannot be mistaken in this identification.

37. Chrys. nitidula (Faun. Suec. 167, 543) = Crepidodera, id.

38. Chrys. nemorum (Faun, Suec. 167, 543) = Phyllotreta, id.

The legs are not entirely pale, as described, for the anterior

femora are dusky at the base, and the posterior are black.

39. Chrys. rufipes (Faun. Suec. 168, 545) = Crepidodera, id.

40. Chrys. fuscicornis (Syst. Nat. 596, 66) = Podagrica, id.

41. Chrys. holsatica (Faun. Suec. 168, 544) = Cyphon padi.

The Linnzan description, although it might possibly have been

taken from this insect, undoubtedly squares better with the insect

usually attributed to it—the Haltica holsatica.

42. Chrys. tridentata (Faun. Suec. 168, 546) = Clythra, id.—

at least of the British authors.

43. Chrys. quadripunctata (Faun. Suec. 168, 574) = Clythra

quadripunctata.

44. Chrys. bipunctata (Faun. Suec. 168, 548) = Cryptocephalus,

id. of Suffrian, &c. If this insect be really a variety of the Crypt.

lineola, Fab., as is supposed by M. Suffrian, it is rather remark-

able that, whilst the latter is pretty common in England, the

former is not found with us.

45. Chrys. quadripustulata (Faun. Suec, 1€5, 549), Myceto-

phagus, id.

46. Chrys. Morei (Faun. Suec. 169, 550), Cryptocephalus, id.

47. Chrys. nitida (no doubt the Chr. nilens of the Faun. Suec.

169, 551) is = Cryptocephalus, id.

Chrysomelide, in Linnean and Banksian Collections. 25

y ’

48. Chrys. Barbaree (Faun. Suec. 169, 552) is a small black

Cryptocephalus, a trifle less than the Cr. Morez: the whole front

of the head, the basal half of the antennz, the front and side mar-

gins of the thorax (narrowly edged), and the lateral margin of the

elytra on the fore half, pale yellow. The legs (with the excep-

tion of the posterior femora) are also yellow. The thorax is

smooth, the elytra coarsely and rather irregularly punctate-striate,

and somewhat rugulose in parts. Apparently the Crypt. flavipes

(Fab.), Suffr. Linn. Ent. ii. 170, 59.

49. Chrys. sericea (Faun. Suec. 169, 554), Cryptocephalus

similis of Steph. = Cr. Hypocheridis of Suffrian. I compared the

insect with specimens of sericeus, Suffr., aureolus, Suffr., and

Hypocheridis. The Linnean specimen is a female, and is de-

cidedly smaller than either of the two former insects, has the

punctuation both of the thorax and elytra stronger, and, on the

thorax, more dense. But I was more influenced by the condition

of the fovea on the terminal segment of the abdomen: it agreed

with that in my female specimens of Hypocheridis, in being less

deep than in the other two species named, and in having its mar-

gins less acute, in fact, somewhat rounded. ‘The colouring of the

under parts also perfectly resembled that of Hypocheridis, being

of a dark, and less brilliant green when compared with the other

species.

50. Chrys. Coryli (Faun. Suec. 169, 555), Cryptocephalus, id.

51, Chrys. labiata (Faun. Suec. 169, 553), Cryptocephalus, id.

52. Chrys. Pini (Faun. Suec. 170, 556), Cryptocephalus, id.

53. Chrys. sexpunctata (Faun, Suec. 170, 559), Cryptocephalus,

"54, Chrys. merdigera (Faun. Suec. 171, 563) = Crioceris brun- -

ned, Kab. It will be seen that Linnaeus describes the red-legged

species as the typical condition of his insect, and afterwards adds,

“‘ Variat capite et pedibus nigris.”

55. Chrys. Nymphee (Faun. Suec. 171, 565) = Galleruca

Nymphee, Gyll.

56. Chrys. Caprea (Faun. Suec.171, 566) = Galleruca Capree,

Gyll.

96 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Notes on

57. Chrys. Calmariensis (Syst. Nat. 600, 101) = Galleruca

Lythri, Gyll.

58. Chrys. tenella (Faun. Suec. 171, 564) = Galleruca tenella,

Gyll.

59. Chrys. quadrimaculata (Faun. Suec. 173, 571), Phyllo-

brotica, id.

60. Chrys. cyanella (Faun. Suec. 173, 572) = Lema puncticollis,

Curtis, = Lema cyanella ¢ , Gyll. iii. 639, = L. rugicollis, Suffr.

61. Chrys. melanopa (Faun. Suec. 173, 573), Lema, id.

62. Chrys. flavipes (Syst. Nat. 601, 106) = Luperus flavipes.

63. Chrys. duodecim-punctata (Faun. Suec. 172, 568), Crioceris,

id.

64. Chrys. Phellandriu (Faun. Suec. 172, 569), Helodes, id.

65. Chrys. Asparagi (Faun. Suec. 172, 567), Crioceris, id.

Notes UPON CERTAIN CHRYSOMELIDE IN THE BANKSIAN

COLLECTION.

tenebricosa = Timarcha levigata.

Gotlingensis = Timarcha coriaria.

Banksti = Chrysomela Banks.

Adonidis = Entomoscelis, id.

graminis = graminis, Linn. Coll.

hemoptera = Gottingensis, Linn.

Populi = Popul, Linn.

Staphylea = Staphylea, Linn.

polita = polita, Linn. .

10-punctaia. ‘Twospecimens on the label; one is Goniotecna

rufipes, and the other G. 10-punctata, Steph.

pallida = Gonvotecna, id.

polygont = Gastrophysa, id.

cerealis. Two specimens on label; one is the Chr. cerealis,

and the other the Chr. Americana.

fastuosa = fastuosa, Linn.

sanguinolenta. ‘I'wo specimens on label, one greatly resem-

bles the Chr. sanguinolenta of the Linnean Collection,

Chrysomelide, in Linnean and Banksian Collections. 27

but is much larger and has the disc of the thorax punc-

tured. The second is = Chrys. distinguenda of Ste-

phens’s Manual.

aucta = Helodes, id.

marginella, Helodes, id.

hemorrhoidalis = Lina enea of modern authors; not the

Chrys. enea of Linn. Coll.

fucata = Chrys., id. = hyperici, Steph.

enea = Gastrophysa raphani.

armoracee = armoracee, Linn, = Phedon cochlearie of Gyl-

lenhal, not of Suffrian !

viminalis agrees with the viminalis of the Linnaean Collection.

nitidula = Crepidodera, id.

helxines = helxines, Linn. = fulvicornis, Fab. Graptodera

helxines, Foudras.

testacea = Spheroderma Cardui of Kirby and Gyllenhal. Not

the smaller species of a more rounded form, with the

thorax more contracted in front, and with more delicate

punctuation, which is usually regarded as the Chrysom.

testacea of Fab. ‘There are two specimens on the label,

and these, it must be observed, are the originals of the

Fabrician description.

subspinosa = Zeugophora, id.

fuscipes = Podagrica, id.

atricilla. ‘Two specimens on the label; the- first is Thyamis

tabida ; and the second, Thyamis melanocephala.

dorsalis = Thyamis, id. ‘The original of the Fabrician de-

scription.

exoleta. ‘(wo specimens on the label; the first is Crepidodera

exoleta of Gyll., Allard, &c. = H. flava and HH. similis

of Stephens. The other is the larger, more elongate,

allied species, in which the punctures on the elytra are

arranged in irregular rows = Chrys. transversa, Marsh.,

Gyll., Allard, &c. = ferruginea, Steph. = impressa, Red-

tenb.

tabida = Thyamis (or Teinodactyla) Verbasci, Marsh., Gyll.,

Stephens, Allard. ‘Two specimens on the label. ‘These

are the originals of the Fabrician description, which has

always been supposed to refer to a different insect.

nemorum = Phyllotreta sinuata, Redt., Allard.

atra = Graptodera mercurialis. A second label under the

same insect bears the inscription “ mercurialis MSS,”

Phellandrui = Helodes, id.

28 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Votes on Chrysomelida.

12-punctata = Crioceris, id.

Asparagi = Crioceris, id. ;

cyanella = Lema cyanella? If it be, it is a singular variety,

having a rufous patch on the forehead.

melanopa = Lema, id.

Tanacett = Adimonia, id.

Alni = Agelastica, id.; and a second specimen on the same

label is a Graptodera (oleracea ?).

Betule = Phratora vulgatissima.

Capreee = Adimonia, id.

vitelline = Pihratora, id.

Calmariensis = Galleruca Crategi, Yorster, I believe. It is a

very different insect to the Chr. Calmariensis of Linn.

sanguinea = Adimonia, id. = Crategi, Marsh., Stephens.

tridentata = Chrys.,id. Linn. Coll. Clythra, id.

bipunctata = Cryptocephalus bipunctatus, Suftr.

bipunctata = Cryptocephatus bipunctata, var. Suffr. Cr. linecla,

Auct.

sericea = Cryptocephalus sericeus, Steph.?

4-maculata = Phyllobrotica, ib.

(5, 290

III. Descriptions of new Species of Aculeate Hymenoptera,

collected at Panama by R. W. Srretocu, Esq , with a

List of described Species, and the various Localities

where they have previously occurred. By FREDERICK

SmitH, Esq., President of the Entomological Society of

London.

[Read March 4th, 1861.]

Tue Collection of Hymenoptera, described in the following

paper, was most liberally presented to me by Mr. Stretch. I

need scarcely add, that this has greatly enhanced the pleasure

which has attended the working out and describing of the species.

A peculiar interest is attached to the Hymenoptera of Panama,

forming, as it does, an intermediate station between North and

South America. Amongst the Vespide will be found species

common to both countries; and the capture of Cryptocerus

atratus shows the known range of that species to be over an ex-

tent of country of not less than two thousand two hundred geo-

graphical miles.

The collection of specimens was accompanied by a number of

very interesting examples of nests of Formicide and Vespide,

and also by several valuable notes on the economy of some of the

species. This is the first collection of Hymenoptera which I have

seen from Panama, and will add greatly to our knowledge of the

geographical distribution of species.

Family FORMICID&, Leach.

Genus Formica, Linn.

1. Formica arborea, Smith, Cat. Hym. pt. vi. (Formicide), p-

44, 148,

Hab. Brazil; Island of Morago.

2. Formica sericeiventris, Guér. Voy. de la Coq. Zool. ii. 205 3.

Hab. Rio Janeiro; Columbia; Mexico.

Formica albo-fasciata.

F, fusco- nigra, abdomine albo-fasciato ; pedibus articulationi-

bus pallide testaceis.

Worker. Length 2? lines. Ofa brownish black; the abdomen

shining black, with a een white fascia at the base of the second

segment, not continued beneath; the head oblong, nearly of equal

30 - Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions of new

width before the eyes and narrowed behind them; a central carina

on the clypeus; the mandibles ferruginous; the extreme base of

the scape, the trochanters and tips of the coxee pale testaceous; the

tarsi pale ferruginous. ‘The scale of the peduncle incrassate, its

side view wedge-shaped; its superior margin rounded; the ab-

domen sprinkled with pale hairs.

Formica striata.

F. nigra nitida; antennis pedibusque rufo-testaceis ; thorace

to} )

antice delicatule striato,

Worker. Length 13 lines. Shining black; the head and ab-

domen smooth and impunctate; the thorax finely striated longi-

tudinally above, the sides striated, the striz curving round the

posterior portion of the metathorax; the antennze and legs rufo-

testaceous ; the base of the scape, the coxe and trochanters pale

testaceous. Abdomen ovate; the scale of the peduncle incrassate,

its superior margin rounded.

Formica simillima.

F. nigra, nitida; thorace subtus, metathorace femoribusque

ferrugineis ; abdomine subnitido, basi ferrugineis.

Female. Length 6} lines. Shining black; the apical joints of the

antenne rufo-testaceous beneath. ‘The thorax beneath, the coxe,

trochanters and femora, as well as the metathorax and scale of the

peduncle, ferruginous ; the apical joints of the tarsi ferruginous.

Abdomen sub-opake, the base ferruginous ; the apical margins of

the segments ciliated with pale fulvous hairs.

This species very closely resembles the /’. ligniperda of Europe,

the principal difference in it appears to be that the scale of the

peduncle is evenly arched above, not inclining to a point as ia the

European insect.

Formica corusca.

F. fusco-ferruginea, sericeo micans; scapo pedibusque ferru-

gineis.

Worker. Length 3 lines. Dark ferruginous, with patches of

glittering silky pile, changeable and only visible in certain lights ;

the abdomen thinly sprinkled with glittering pale erect hairs. The

anterior part of the head, mandibles, cheeks and scape of the

antenne bright ferruginous; the head oblong, rather narrowed

in front; the eyes round and rather prominent; the clypeus with

a central longitudinal carina. The thorax oblong, narrowed pos-

Species of Aculeate [Tymenoptera. ol

teriorly and rounded in front. Abdomen oblong-ovate, the scale

of the peduncle incrassate, its superior margin rounded.

Genus Tartnoma, Foerst.

Tapinoma instabilis.

T. nigro-fusca, cinerascenti micans; pedum articulis tarsisque

pallidis ; squama depressa.

Worker. Length 12 lines. Brown-black, with the anterior half

of the head, or sometimes the entire head, rufo-testaceous ; shin-

ing and having a thin sericeous pilosity; the head heart-shaped, the

eyes placed rather forwards and inwards; the antennee inserted

rather wide apart; the flagellum slightly thickened towards the

apex. ‘[he thorax narrowed posteriorly, the metathorax oblique,

with the scale of the peduncle inclined forwards against it; the

articulations of the legs and the tarsi pale testaceous, the claw-

joint rufo-piceous. Abdomen ovate.

Genus Potyruacuis, Smith.

1. Polyrhachis bispinosus, Smith, Cat. Hym. pt. vi. (For-

micide ), p. 74, 56.

Formica bispinosa, Oliv. Encycl. Méth. vi. p. 502, 60.

Latr. Fourm. 133, pl. iv. fig. 20.

Formica fungosa, Fabr. Syst. Piez. p. 410, 60.

Hab. Santarem; St. Paul (Brazil).

This is a well known ant in Brazil, the material of which it

forms its nest furnishes an article of commerce used as tinder for

lighting cigars, &c.

Sub-family PONERIDA.

Genus Opontomacuus, Latr.

1. Odontomachus hematodes, Latr. Gen. Crust. et Ins. iv. 128.

Formica hematoda, Linn. Syst. Nat. 1. 965, 17.

Hab. Para; Cayenne.

Genus Ponera, Latr.

1. Ponera pedunculata, Smith, Cat. Hym. pt. vi. (Formicide), 96, 46.

Hab. Rio.

Genus Ectatomma, Smith.

Ectatomma scabrosa.

L. fusco-brunnea; capite, thorace, abdomine, segmento primo

rugosis.

Worker. Length 33 lines. Fusco-ferruginous, with the man-

32 Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions of new

dibles and antennee bright, the’ flagellum more or less obscure ;

the head and thorax very coarsely rugose, the basal segment of the

abdomen less coarsely sculptured; the sculpture running into

strize above the insertion of the antenne ; the eyes round and pro-

minent; the mandibles finely aciculate, their inner edge smooth,

edentate, with their apex acute. The thorax with an acute tooth

on each side of the prothorax and metathorax; the scale of

the peduncle rugose, erect and oblong, slightly rounded above ;

the second segment of the abdomen delicately striated, transversely

giving it a silky appearance ; the apical segments pale testaceous.

Genus Psrupomyrma, Guér.

1. Pseudomyrma cephalica, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. (N.S.) i. 168,

Nh Pe

Hab. Villa Nova (Brazil).

2. Pseudomyrma flavidula, Smith, Cat. Hym. pt. vi. (Formicide),

p- 157, 15.

Hab. Santarem (Brazil).

3. Pseudomyrma bicolor, Guér. Icon. Rég. Anim. p. 427.

Hab. Columbia.

This species is very variable in colour; the typical form is

‘dull black, smooth; the mouth, mandibles, anterior border of

the head and carina between the antenne fulvous-red; the first

node of the peduncle of the same colour, with a little spot of the

same on each side of the second node.” Amongst a series from

Panama are individuals, black, with only the mandibles and an-

terior margin of the face fulvous-red; others have the mandibles,

anterior margin of the face, thorax above and the peduncle and

first node -fulvous-red, with a dark stain at the base of the me-

tathorax, extending more or less over the prothorax.

Pseudomyrma modesta.

P. pallide rufo-testacea, levis; capite fusco; oculis nigris.

Worker. Length 3 lines. Pale rufo-testaceous, the head wider

than the thorax ; eyes very large, occupying nearly the entire side

of the head, ocelli small, glassy-bright, and placed in a triangle

on the vertex behind the eyes; the mandibles, anterior margin of

the face and the antenne pale rufo-testaceous. Thorax flattened

above anteriorly, the front margin transverse, the lateral margins

* Species of Aculeate Hymenoptera. 33

acute; the prothorax paler than the metathorax; the femora and

the tibize beneath slightly fusecous, Abdomen oblong, the petiole

clavate, the second node pear-shaped; the abdomen shining, the

rest of the body sub-opake; entirely destitute of hair.

Very like Pseudomyrma nigriceps, but without the spine on the

petiole beneath as in that species; the petiole longer and more

slender; the abdomen concolorous, whereas in P. nigriceps the

apical segments are black.

The nest of this species was forwarded to me by Mr. Stretch ;

it consists of the large hollow thorns or spines of a species of

Acacia; the spines are three inches long, tapering to a point

from a broad base; the ants gnaw a small hole towards the

point of the spine, the broad base then forms an admirable

domicile for their young brood; there are no cells or divisions

of any kind for the reception of the eggs or larva; the number of

pupz found in one nest was twenty-nine, and about twenty ma-

ture ants, all of these were workers; the pupe are not inclosed in

cocoons; these ants sting very violently.

Sub-family I. MYRMICIDA.

Genus Myrmtca, Latr.

1. Myrmica molesta, Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. i. 293, 6.

This species has been received from France, Germany, Austria,

Brazil (Rio), Australia and N. America. TI have reason to believe

that it is a native of Brazil, and has been carried to most parts of

the world in merchandize.

Hab. Brazil; N. America; S. America; Australia; Britain;

France and Madeira.

Myrmica reticulata.

Operaria.—Sordide rubra, abdomine nigro; capite thoraceque

reticulato; pedibus pallide rufo-testaceis.

Worker. Length 2 lines. Rufo-ferruginous, shining ; the abdo-

men smooth, shining black, except at the extreme base and apex,

which are pale rufo-testaceous. The inner margin of the mandi-

bles rufo-fuscous, and armed with a row of small acute teeth; the

eyes black; the head and thorax reticulated, the latter with two

acute spines at the apex; the legs paler than the thorax, with the

articulations of a slightly darker tint; the body sprinkled with

short, erect, pale, glittering hairs.

VOL. I. THIRD SERIES, PART I.—-MARCH, 1862. D

34 Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions of new *

This species is of the size and form of the British species Myr-

mica acervorum. Mr. Parfitt took specimens in a botanic garden

at Exeter, imported probably with Brazilian plants.

Myrmica glaber.

Operaria.—Rufo-testacea, laevis, tota nitidissima, nuda; abdo-

mine apice fusco-nigro.

Worker. Length 1? lines. Testaceous red, entirely smooth

and shining; head wider than the abdomen, in some examples

considerably so, and having a rather deeply impressed line which

extends from the back of the head to the insertion of the antenne,

where it is faintly impressed; the mandibles armed with several

black teeth; the club of the antenne 2-jointed; the eyes small

and black ; the head anteriorly and the base of the abdomen paler

than the rest of the body ; the metathorax without spines.

Myrmica polita.

M. rufo-fusca, levis, tota nitidissima, nuda; mandibulis, an-

tennis pedibusque pallide rufescentibus.

Worker. Length 13 lines. Rufo-fuscous, highly polished and

smooth; head rather large, oblong, widest in front; eyes very

small; antennze 10-jointed, the club 2-jointed. ‘Thorax deeply

strangulated in the middle, the metathorax without spines. Ab-

domen ‘truncate at the base; the petiole rather long, the first node

elevated above the second, its lateral appearance wedge-shaped ;

the second node globose. The mandibles, antenne, articulations

of the legs and the tarsi pale rufo-testaceous.

Sub-family ATTIDZ.

Genus Cicopoma, Latr.

1. Gcodoma sexdentata, Smith, Cat. Hym. pt. vi. (Formicide),

p- 183, pl. x. fig. 15.

Formica sexdens, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. 964, 14.

Hab. Cayenne; Surinam; Para; Rio; S. America; St. Vincent’s.

Of this insect Mr. Strange writes, “‘ Umbrella ant; these ants

have very large companies; they form beaten tracks through the

thickest herbage, along which two crowds passing in opposite

directions may always be seen. The one burdenless, the other

each carrying a piece of leaf. I have seen trees quite stripped of

their foliage by these ants. What do they use the leaves for?

The larger individuals appear to exercise a kind of authority over

the smaller ones and to do much less work.”

' Species of Aculeate Hymenoptera. 30

Sub-family 4. CRYPTOCERIDZ.

Genus Cryrtocerus, Latr.

1. Cryptocerus atrata, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. 965, 16.

Hab. Monte Video; Rio Janeiro; Para; Quito; Cayenne.

2. Cryptocerus minutus, Fabr. Syst. Piez. p. 425, 5.

Family MUTILLID&, Leach.

Genus Mutitra, Linn.

Mutilla Araneoides.

M. nigra, capite parvo, supra lateritio-flavo; thorace antice

plaga triangulari, postice maculis duabus transversis lateritio-

flavis; abdomine maculis duabus dorsalibus albis, lineisque

varlis transversis interruptis-albis, ornato.

Female. Length 64 lines. Black and pubescent; the head

above, a triangular patch on the thorax in front and an ovate spot

on each side of the metathorax reddish-yellow; the cheeks have a

cinereous pubescence ; the head is narrower than the thorax; the

legs have a thin glittering silvery-white pubescence; the spines

and calcaria black. Abdomen, an interrupted narrow band on the

posterior margin of the basal segment, two large ovate spots on

the second, and an interrupted band on the third and fourth seg-

ments, of yellowish-white pubescence.

Mutilla xanthocerata.

M. aterrima, antennis rubro-flavis scapo nigro, capite magno

atro, thoracis dorso maculis duabus transversis, lineis duabus

longitudinalibus albis ; abdomine supra nigro maculis duabus

medianis albis; lineaque alba anticé interrupta, maculisque

duabus oblongis albis prope apicem.

Female. Length 10 lines. Black, pubescent; the head large,

sub-quadrate, the eyes round and prominent; the flagellum orange-

red. Thorax not so wide as the head, slightly narrowed pos-

teriorly, with three obtuse teeth on each side before the middle ;

an oblique transverse silvery-white macula on each side in front,

nearly uniting in the middle, and a longitudinal narrow white line

on each side of the metathorax, the posterior margin of which is

white; the legs have a cinereous villosity, the tibiae furnished with

several short black spines, the calcariee at their apex pale tes-

taceous. Abdomen: an interrupted silvery-white band on the basal

segment, two circular white spots on the second segment, and a

36 Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions of new

broad interrupted white fascia on the third segment, which is con-

tinued beneath the abdomen; the lateral margins of the second

segment beneath are silvery-white.

This is one of the largest and most handsome species in the

genus. I cannot find that it has been previously described; it

may possibly prove to bea local variety of Mutilla eximia of my

own Catalogue of Fossorial Hymenoptera. It differs from the

latter species in being larger, in not having golden pubescence on

the face, in the scape being black and in the spots and markings

being smaller or narrower; the teeth or spines on the sides of the

thorax are smaller; still it may notwithstanding be nothing more

than a local variety. MM. eximia is from Bolivia.

Family POMPILID&, Leach.

Genus Pomrrtus, Fabr.

1. Pompilus anceps.

P. czeruleo-niger ; abdomine iridescente ; alis czeruleo violaceo-

que splendide micantibus, apice albis.

Female. Length 11 lines. Black; the head and thorax with a

beautiful changeable blue silky pile; the six apical joints of the

antennee orange-yellow; the metathorax transversely striated; the

wings blackish-brown, with bright violet iridescence in certain

lights; their extreme apex milky-white; the tibiz and tarsi thickly

set with short stout spines. Abdomen with a splendid blue

iridescence.

Genus Pepsts, Fabr.

1. Pepsis obscura, St. Farg. Hym. iii. 490, 35.

Hab. S. America.

The insect from Panama agrees precisely with the description,

excepting that the tips of the antennae are yellow, which is not

mentioned by St. Fargeau; still I am inclined to believe it is the

same species, and probably the male of P. elevata.

Family SPHEGIDZ, Leach.

Genus Sruex, Linn.

1. Sphex dorsalis, St. Farg. Hym. iii. 347, 20.

Hab. Ega; Santarem; Cayenne.

Of the habits of this species Mr. Stretch says, “ From the

sandy embankments of the railway at Arpinwall, it constructs a

long burrow perpendicularly into the hard sand. I saw it bring a

grasshopper as large as itself, with great difficulty, to the entrance

Species of Aculeate Hymenoptera. od

of its burrow; laying it down, it retreated, apparently to see that

all was ready, and then, re-emerging, seized the grasshopper and

backed into its hold.”

Genus Moneputa, Latr.

1. Monedula signata, Latr. Gen. Crust. et Ins. iv. 100.

Vespa signata, Linn. Syst. Nat. 1. 574, 14.

Hab. Brazil, S. America.

Group SOLITARY WASPS.

Family EUMENIDE, Westw.

Genus Montezumta, Sauss.

1. Montezumia rufipes, Sauss. Monog. Guépes Sol. p. 89, 3,

plo la, figel.

Hab. Brazil.

Genus Opynerus, Latr.

Odynerus productus.

O. niger, capite thoraceque fiavo-guttatis, et rude punctatis ; ab-

domine fasciis duabus flavis ornatis.

Male. Length 33 lines. Black, the head and thorax strongly

punctured ; the clypeus and a small spot above it, a minute one in

the sinus of the eyes and another behind them, the scape in front

and a spot on the mandibles, pale yellow; the flagellum fulvous

beneath. The posterior margins of the prothorax, a spot beneath

the tubercles, the tegulee, post-scutellum, the metathorax behind

and a spot on the anterior and intermediate tibiz, yellow; the

anterior tibiz and tarsi ferruginous; the wings hyaline, with a

dark fuscous stain in the marginal cell; a ferruginous spot on the

tegule. Abdomen finely punctured, the first and second segments

with a broad yellow margin, which is continued beneath; the

second segment produced in the middle, forming a sharp angle or

tooth; the following segments very narrowly bordered with HeMOW ;

the first segment anne pale beneath.

Genus Eumenss, Latr.

Eumenes placidus.

£. niger, antennis subtus, prothorace, metathorace lateralibus,

rufis; abdomine flavo-fasciato.

Male. Length 42 lines. Black; the antenne ferruginous; the

scape above and the flagellum in the middle above, fuscous; the

clypeus, a minute spot above, another in the sinus of the eyes and

38 Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions of new

a narrow line behind them, yellow; the clypeus bidentate. Thorax,

the prothorax and the metathorax at the sides, as well as the legs,

ferruginous; a black spot on each side of the prothorax, its pos-

terior margin narrowly yellow; the femora and tibiz more or less

fuscous above; the wings sub-hyaline, their anterior margin fus-

cous. Abdomen: the petiole ferruginous at the sides and apex 5

its apical margin, as well as that fi the second segment and the

middle of the posterior margin of the three following, yellow ; the

yellow margin of the second segment continued beneath the abdo-

men, which is ferruginous and has a dark stain in the middle of

the second segment.

This species resembles the Lumenes Uruguyensis of Saussure

and may possibly be its male.

Group SOCIAL WASPS.

Genus PotutstEs, Latr.

1. Polistes Canadensis, Sauss. Mon. Guépes OES jd 25 G2

Vespa Canadensis, Linn. Syst. Nat. 1. 952, 25

Hab. North and South America; Brazil.

2. Polistes annularis, St. Farg. Hym. 1. 522, 7.

Hab. North and South America; Brazil.

3. Polistes versicolor, Sauss. Mon. Guépes Soc. p. 81, 44.

Hab. Brazil; Cayenne; St. Domingo.

Polistes modestus.

P. clypeo, mandibulis, antennarum basi, tibiis tarsisque anterio-

ribus ferrugineis ; oculorum orbitis, prothoracis margine pos-

teriori, metathorace lineis duabus et segmentorum marginibus

flavis.

Female. Length 6 lines. Black, the abdomen covered with a

fine silky cinereous pile; the clypeus, mandibles, scape and four

basal joints of the flagellum, ferruginous ; a line on the lower por-

tion of the inner orbits of the eyes and a line behind them pale

yellow; the margins of the prothorax, the inner margin of the

tegulze, the post-seutellum and two longitudinal lines on the meta-

thorax, yellow; the wings hyaline, the anterior margin of the

superior pair slightly fulvous, with a fuscous stain in the marginal

cell; the nervures pale ferruginous ; the anterior tibie and all the

Species of Aculeate Hymenoptera. 39

tarsi ferruginous, palest beneath, The basal segment of the abdo-

men with a narrow yellow border to its apical margin.

This species is closely allied to the P. Acteon and P. liliaciosus

of Saussure’s Monograph, but apparently distinct.

Genus Porystra, St. Farg.

1. Polybia fuscicornis, Sauss. Mon. Guépes Soc. p. 210, 1;

St. Farg. Hym. i. 539.

Hab. Brazil.

2. Polybia fasciata, Sauss. Mon. Guépes Soc. 182, 21.

Hab. Panama.

3. Polybia fastidiosuscula, Sauss. Mon. Guépes Soc. 197, 39.

Hab. Brazil.

4. Polybia metathoracica, Sauss. Mon. Guépes Soc. p. 198, 41,

pl. 25, fig. 1 (var. 3).

Hab. Cayenne.

5. Polybia pediculata, Sauss. Mon. Guépes Soc. p. 205, 50,

pl. 26, fig. 7.

Hab. Brazil.

6. Polybia simillima.

P. nigra sub-sericea, alis sub-hyalinis, marginibus anterioribus

fuscis.

Female. Length 5% lines. Black and thinly covered with a fine

silky cinereous pile; the face shining, the clypeus produced in the

middle, the anterior margin being angulated; the antenne black,

with the apex beneath testaceous; the legs black, with the claws

rufo-testaceous; wings sub-hyaline, the anterior margin of the

superior pair dark fuscous. Abdomen petiolated, campanulate ;

the rest of the abdomen cordiform,

This species is very like P. socialis, but its mandibles are black,

its thorax somewhat broader and shorter, and the first segment is

broader and the petiole shorter.

Genus Necrarina, Shuck.

1. Nectarina analis, Shuck. Cab, Cycl. Hist. Ins. p. 183.

Brachygaster analis, Perty, Del. An, Art. t. 28.

Hab. Brazil; S. America; Mexico.

40 Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions of new

Family ANDRENIDZ.

Genus Haticrus, Latr.

Halictus Hesperus.

Hi. capite thoraceque cupreo-nitidis, alis hyalinis, pedibus

rufo-testaceis; abdomine nitido obscure ferrugineo.

Female. Length 3} lines. Head and thorax brassy, the head

with tints of green, closely and finely punctured; the antennee

black, the flagellum fulvous beneath; the labrum and mandibles

rufo-testaceous. ‘Thorax shining, brassy on the disk, the meta-

thorax green; wings hyaline, the nervures and tegulz testaceous ;

the legs pale rufo-testaceous ; the floccus on the posterior femora

beneath, white. Abdomen shining and obscure fusco-ferruginous,

the apial margins of the segments with pale pubescent fascize ;

beneath rufo-testaceous.

Family APIDA.

Genus Crratina, Latr.

1. Ceratina leta, Spin. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. x. 138, 87.

This species has also occurred in Cayenne and at Ega.

2. Ceratina punctulata, Spin. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. x. 139, 89

(1841).

The specimens from Cayenne, described by Spinola, only differ

from -those from Panama in having a white spot on the labrum:

I have little doubt of their identity.

3, Ceratina eximia.

C. capite thoraceque metallico-viridibus ; abdomine purpureo,

pedibus pallidis ciliatis. ‘

Female. Length 44 lines. Head and thorax of a bright

metallic green, and strongly and closely punctured ; the flagellum

obscurely rufo-piceous beneath; an oblong spot on the clypeus

and a minute triangular one on each side, cream-coloured ; the

mesothorax with three longitudinal impressed lines in the middle,

and an abbreviated one outside opposite the tegule ; the wings

sub-hyaline, the nervures and tegule ferruginous ; the legs pale

ferruginous, and thinly covered with cinereous pubescence; a

minute spot at the apex of the anterior femora above, and a line

on the tibiz; also a minute spot at the extreme base of the

posterior tibize, white. Abdomen bright purple, finely punc-

tured, the three apical segments rugose.

Species of Aculeate Hymenoptera. 4]

2. Ceratina placida.

C. nigro-zenea punctata, clypeo macula alba ornato ; alis hyalinis.

Female. Length 33-4 lines. Dark bronze colour, with tints

of bright green on the head and thorax; a triangular spot on the

clypeus anteriorly, and a similar spot on each side of it touching

the eyes, the latter sometimes continued up the inner orbit of the

eyes, yellowish white; a narrow line behind the eyes; the head

strongly and closely punctured; the flagellum piceous beneath.

Thorax strongly punctured, with a smooth shining space in the

middle of the disk; the mesothorax with three central smooth

impressed lines, and an abbreviated one outside of them opposite

the tegule; the wings sub-hyaline, the nervures blackish; the

legs nigro-piceous ; a process in front of the anterior femora at

their base, which is produced into an acute spine on each side.

The abdomen strongly punctured, the three apical segments

rugose ; beneath bright green. This species closely resembles,

if it be not a local variety of, the Ceratina punctulata of Spinola,

described in the “Annales de la Société Entomologique de

France,” 1841, p. 139.

Genus CurysanTueDa, Perty.

1. Chrysantheda nitida, Perty, Del. An. Art. p. 148, tab. 28,

fig. 8.

Genus Evetossa, Latr.

1. Luglossa analis, Westw. Nat. Libr. xxxviii. p. 262, pl. 19,

; fig. 2.

Apis cordata, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. 955, 15?

This I believe is only a highly coloured and beautiful variety

of the E. cordata; every intermediate shade of colour occurs

between specimens which are entirely green, and those with the

abdomen of a fiery copper colour, the Jatter being the E. analis

of Westwood.

2. Euglossa cordata, Latr. Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins. iii. 384.

Apis cordata, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. 955, 15.

Genus Tricona, Jurine.

1. Trigona amalthea, Latr. Gen. Crust. et Ins. iv. 183.

Apis amalthea, abr, Syst. Piez. p. 371, 8.

42 Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions of new

2. Trigona mellarius.

T. nigra; antennis, mandibulis, scutello tarsisque ferrugineis,

alis hyalinis.

Worker. Length 2 lines. Black; the head and thorax

covered with strong confluent punctures; the face with a fine

white downy pile; the mandibles, labrum and antenne ferru-

ginous. Thorax: the scutellum, tegule, tips of the femora and

tibize, and the tarsi, ferruginous ; the tubercles pale testaceous ;

the wings hyaline, the nervures rufo-fuscous ; the scutellum with

two pale teeth at its apex, and two pale minute spots at its

base. Abdomen: smooth and shining; the apical margin of the

second segment and the third and following segments more ob-

scurely ferruginous ; the apical segments covered with fine, short,

pale golden pubescence; beneath obscure rufo-testaceous; the

coxe pale testaceous.

“A very large tree having fallen, it was cut in two to remove

it; the inside was found to be quite hollow for many feet; the

space thus left empty was completely lined with the nest of this

small bee.”

3. .Trigona laboriosa.

T. nigra; capite levi et nitido, antice pube argenteo vestito ;

thorace nitido, alis hyalinis, abdomine pallide rufo.

Worker. Length 22 lines. Head, thorax and legs black; the

head very smooth and shining, the face and cheeks covered with

a fine silvery pile; the antenne rufo-testaceous beneath; the

apex of the clypeus, the labrum and mandibles, more or less

obscurely ferruginous; the vertex with some erect short black

hairs. Thorax: smooth and shining, the disk with erect black

hairs; the scutellum obscure rufo-testaceous; the metathorax

smooth, shining, and rufo-piceous in the middle, the sides covered

with cinereous pile; the wings hyaline, the nervures are rufo-

fuscous at the base, and pale testaceous towards the apex of the

wings, the stigma pale; the legs dark rufo-piceous, the tibia and

tarsi densely covered with black pubescence ; the legs are paler

towards their base beneath, and the claw-joint of the tarsi also

pale testaceous. Abdomen pale ferruginous, the base pale tes-

taceous.

Genus Sutera, Spin.

Smiera captiva.

S. flava, nigro-maculata, alis hyalinis, antennis fuscis.

Female. Length 3 lines. Yellow; the flagellum rufo-fuscous ;

Species of Aculeate Hymenoptera. 43

tips of the mandibles ferruginous ; the head and thorax strongly

punctured ; a black vase-shaped outline on the disk of the meso-

thorax, and a black line on each side; a transverse black line at

the base of the scutellum, the latter with a pear-shaped spot in

the middle, and an angular spot at its lateral margins; the pectus

black at the base of the cox, and an oblong black spot beneath

the wings; the wings hyaline; the apex of the posterior coxe,

a brown spot on the femora above, and two on their sides below ;

the femora incrassate, and armed with seven black teeth beneath ;

the base and apex of the tibiae reddish brown. Abdomen petio-

lated ; the margins of the segments narrowly bordered with red-

dish-brown, widening into spots at the sides and in the middle.

Genus Lreprtoranuvs.

Head globose, deeply excavated above for the reception of the

scape; antennze 13-jointed, short and stout, shorter than the

thorax, inserted in the middle of the face; the scape short, the

two basal joints of the flagellum minute, the third joint rather’

longer than the scape, the 4—9 joints each in succession shorter

than the preceding, the three apical joints minute, forming, as it

were, a single compressed joint, but really composed of three.

The thorax elongate ; the prothorax prolonged into a neck; the

wings without nervures, but with transparent traces of neuration

very similar to that of the genus Pelecznus, the stigma distinct,

the posterior margins of the wing fringed with short hairs ; the

legs elongate, slender, the posterior tibize thickened at their apex.

Abdomen elongate, the first forming a petiole, the second longest ;

the ovipositor a little shorter than the abdomen.

This genus is formed for the reception of an insect which

apparently unites in itself some of the characters of the genera

Foenus, Megischus and Pelecinus; it resembles the first in the

shortness of its antenne, Megischus in its globose head, and

Pelecinus in the almost totally obliterated neuration of its wings.

Leptofeenus peleciniformis.

L. niger, alis hyalinis venis obsoletis, tibiis posticis apicis

dilatatis.

Female. Length 9 lines, of the ovipositor 5 lines. Black and

shining ; the head with a few transverse strize on the vertex ; the

ocelli in a curve; the face thinly covered with short glittering

pale pubescence. The thorax transversely striated; the wings

colourless hyaline and iridescent; the anterior and intermediate

44 Descriplions of new Species of Aculeate Hymenoptera.

legs very slender; the posterior coxe stout, elongate, and trans-

versely striated; the tibize slender, with their apex slightly

thickened and pubescent; the tarsi pubescent, the base of the

joints ferruginous. Abdomen: the petiole transversely striated ;

the following joints are smooth, shining, and have a chalybeous

iridescence; the valves of the ovipositor black, the ovipositor

ferruginous.

Genus Meciscuus, Brullé.

Megischus niger.

M. niger, alis hyalinis, abdominis segmento primo transversim

striato ; valvulis ovipositoree ante apicem annulo albo.

Female. Length 93 lines, of the ovipositor 11 lines. Black ;

head rugose in front, the vertex transversely striated, the cheeks

smooth and shining. The thorax with large scattered punctures ;

the apex of the metathorax roughly punctured; the wings

hyaline ; the nervures black; the posterior femora with two stout

spines or teeth beneath, and a number of minute ones between

them. Abdomen: the first segment very finely striated trans-

versely, the rest smooth and shining; the ovipositor broadly

annulated with: white a little before the apex. .

IV. Descriptions of the British Species of the Genus

Euplectus (Family Pselaphide). By G. R. Watrr-

nous, Esq., V.-P. Z.5., &e.

[Read Jan. 7th, 1861.]

Or the insects which until somewhat recently came under the head

Euplectus, 1 am acquainted with ten British species. Two of

these are now separated to form distinct genera, viz., Eupl. Mar-

helii of Aubé’s “ Révision de la Famille des Psélaphiens,” published

in the Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, 2me Sér., ii. p. 142, formerly

supposed by M. Aubé to be the Pselaphus sulcicollis of Reichen-

bach, which latter is, however, a much larger insect, more densely

clothed with (shorter) pubescence, and more densely punctured,

and hence is destitute of gloss, or nearly so. Of the £. Markelu

are three specimens in Mr. Stephens’s collection, where they

stand, with other insects, to represent the Bryaxts hematicus.

It is no doubt the same insect which Mr. Curtis describes (vol. vii.

pl. 815) as Bryawis sulcicollis. ‘The insect now forms part of the

genus Trichonyz, established by Chaudoir.

The second species which has, in modern times, been removed

from the genus Euplectus, is the E. brevicornis of Denny = Psela-

phus brevicornis of Reichenbach, which now forms part of Aubé's

genus Trimmium. This insect appears to be rare with us. I

have found but two specimens; one of these was taken at the root

of an oak tree in Bishop’s Wood, Hampstead; of the other the

locality is not noted.

Of the genus Huplectus, as now restricted, the British species

may be divided into three sections; and, indeed, are so divided

by Aubé.

Sect. 1. Thorax with a discoidal fovea, and three fovee behind, the

latter united by a transverse groove.

1. Euplectus Kunzei, Aubé, Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de France, 2me

Série, i. p. 143, sp. 3, 1844.

Moderately elongate, and more depressed than the following

species; rufo-testaceous, and finely pubescent. Head decidedly

broader than the thorax; gradually rounded behind the eyes,

which are small; the sides and back part punctured; the pos-

terior foveze large, somewhat shallow, and punctured; detached

from the strong transverse anterior groove; the raised area be-

hind narrow, and with a distinct fovea on the vertex. Antenne

46 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Descriptions of

moderate. Thorax short, cordate; the lateral foveze behind,

large, the central one small; the transverse groove deep; the

discoidal fovea oblong and small; the surface very finely, and by

no means thickly punctured. Elytra rather paler than other

parts; shorter than the head and thorax taken together; the

sutural stria moderately impressed, and the stria about midway

between this and the humeral hump, very short, not extending

beyond the basal third of the elytra; the surface with scarcely

any visible punctuation, even under a very strong lens. Abdomen

broad and subdepressed ; the two first (of the visible) segments

each with a depressed area at the base in the middle, and this

area bounded on each side by a slender groove; the two grooves

diverging posteriorly.

Length 1 line.

I can perceive no distinctions indicative of sex in the only two

specimens which have come under my notice. Both of these were

found by me in Kent, one at Greenhithe and the other in Darent

wood; the latter, in the sawdust of a recently felled oak.

This insect is readily distinguished from the following species

by its superior size, combined with a rufo-testaceous colouring,

the large size of the head, and its more depressed form, It seems

to agree very well with M. Aubé’s description of £. Kunzez, but

in that description the comparatively large size of the head is not

noticed, and hence some doubt may arise with respect to this

identification.

2. Euplectus Denni.

Eupl. sanguineus, Denny, Monographia Pselaphidarum, &c., p. 10,

sp. 2. 1825?

Elongate, pitchy-black, glossy, and almost impunctate. Head

gradually rounded and contracted behind the eye, which is rather

large; the two anterior fovez decidedly more widely separated than

the posterior, and united by a strong transverse groove; they are

likewise united with the posterior foveee by two longitudinal

grooves, and these diverge slightly as they approach the fore part

of the head ; * the area immediately above the eye, and the raised

mesial area behind, are punctured; there is no distinct fovea

on this raised part, but frequently a small depression at the

back. Thorax about equal in length and width, distinctly

contracted before and behind; the broadest part towards the

* T may here remark, that the posterior fovee are only distinct when the head

of the insect is away from the observer. When viewed (as is my usval custom in

examining Coleoptera) with the head in the opposite direction, they appear to be

confounded with the longitudinal grooves which unite them with anterior fovez.

the British Species of the Genus Euplectus. 47

front, and here very nearly equal in width to the head, if we in-

clude the prominent eyes; the surface obscurely and sparingly

punctured ; the discoidal fovea, and the three posterior fovez, are

but moderately large and deep. Elytra, at the broadest part,

about twice the width of the thorax, and about equal to the head

and thorax in length ; very finely and indistinctly punctured, with

the ordinary sutural and central striae, both having their origin at

the base of the elytra in a smal] puncture; the central stria ex-

tends from the base, nearly half-way along the elytron, and be-

tween this and the sutura] stria is a puncture or minute fovea *

at the base of the elytron. Abdomen rather elongate, poe to the

elytra in length.

Male with a small spur at the apex of the middle tibia’ on the

inner side.

The first point which caught my eye, and led me to separate

this species from the £. nanus, with which it agrees most nearly in

colouring, was the superior length of the antenne, and their being

less stout; and a minute comparison readily brought to light

many other points of distinction. The colour is usually darker

(pitchy-black ), and its form is more elongate. The head in £.nanus

has its sides, immediately behind the eye, parallel, but the pos-

terior angle is rounded, whilst in the present insect, which has a

larger and more prominent eye, the head is gradually rounded

and contracted behind the eye, and, the space behind the

eye is shorter: in E. nanus the four foveze on the head are

equidistant, whilst here the anterior foveze are distinctly more

widely separated than the posterior. The thorax is rather longer,

and more contracted behind, and its fovez are less strong. The

strize on the elytra are less strongly impressed, more especially at

the base.

My specimens were procured from damp, rotting sticks, in a

wood at Hawkhurst, in Kent, at the end of April, 1859. I have

seen specimens in other collections.

In comparing this species with the FE. nanus of Reichenbach and

Aubé, I must state that that insect is universally regarded as the

E.. Reichenbachii of Leach and Denny, and that of this latter I

have examined the original type specimen, now in the British

Museum, which bears not only Leach’s label, but likewise a second

label (‘‘ nanus”) attached by Dr. Schaum. In the same collec-

tion is found, likewise, the original specimen of the #. Kirbu of

Denny, which is very distinct from the present species, and as these,

* Tn E. nanus the corresponding little fovea is confounded in the larger and

. deeper depression which forms the commencement of the central stria.

48 Mr. G, R. Waterhouse’s Descriptions of

together with the /. sanguineus, are the only three dark species

belonging to my first section, it would appear probable that the

Insect just described was the H. sanguineus of Denny ; but the

colouring as given by that author, both in his figure and descrip-

tion, in being paler than that of the E. Reichenbachii (= E. nanus),

is at variance with my observations. The description then, in

this respect, goes against the identification which I have made

with a note of doubt, and I cannot perceive that there is any

tangible character given by which the L. sanguineus could be dis-

tinguished either from the E. Reichenbachit or the EZ, Kirbi: it is

true that in the description of the former the little fovea on the

head is noticed (as it is likewise in Reichenbach’s description),

whilst with regard to the /. sanguineus there is no mention made

of a foveola on the head, but then £. Kirbi has the foveola (more

strongly marked) and it is not noticed. On the whole, I strongly

suspect that the E. sanguinea of Denny will prove identical with the

Ii. Kirbu, for the elongate form of the specimen (‘‘ Kiri”) in the

British Museum, which seems to have influenced Denny in sepa-

rating it as a species, 1s only accidental. According to the de-

scription given by M. Aubé, his /. sanguineus seems to differ in

no respect from L. signatus, excepting in being rather larger, and

of a darker colour. ‘The author states that the insect is found in

melon beds in company with £. signatus, and that he has doubts

of its being distinct. These remarks cannot apply to the present

species, but they apply very closely to the insect which I take to

be E. nanus, in which the puncture on the crown of the head is

indistinct, and sometimes scarcely traceable.

3. Euplectus Kirbu, Denny, Monogr. p. 14, pl. 2, fig. 1 (1825).

Fischeri, Aubé, Pselaphorum Monographia, p. 54, pl.

91, f. 3 (1833).

Reichenbachii, of Stephens’s Collection.

signatus, of Stephens’s Collection.

—

Pitchy-red, usually with the elytra of a darker colour than other

parts; the dark colour, however, often confined to the hinder part

of the elytra. About the same size as EL. nanus, but differs some-

what in colouring; in having the head more rounded behind the

eyes, the four foveze on the crown less distinct, and indeed con-

founded with the longitudinal grooves which converge in front:

the mesial triangular area behind is larger and prolonged more

forwards, and, instead of the very minute foveola, there is here a

distinct oblong depression, which indents the back edge of the

head. ‘The mesial stria on each elytron is more extended in the

longitudinal direction, and both the striz—this and the sutural

the British Species of the Genus Euplectus. 49

one—exhibit punctures throughout their length—a character not

observed in /. nanus; the remaining portions of the elytra are,

moreover, pretty thickly covered with very fine punctures. The

legs and base of the antennz are pale as usual. The male has the

small terminal spur to the middle tibiae as in several other species.

The original specimen of E. Kirbii, of Denny, now in the Col-

lection of the British Museum, is a little less dark in its colouring,

and the vertical groove on the head is not quite so distinct as usual,

but a very careful comparison has convinced me that it is iden-

tical with the insect, the leading characters of which | have at-

tempted to point out. This specimen was, some years since,

examined by Dr. Schaum, and pronounced to be the same as the

i. Fischeri of Aubé, which identification appears to me to be cor-

rect, though I should be glad to learn whether the striz on the

elytra are furnished with a series of punctures in the L. Fischeri,

and whether the head is gradually rounded and contracted behind

the eye, and not subquadrate at that part as in several of the

closely allied species. Furthermore E. Fischert is described as

“‘ rufo-testaceus,” the same term being applied to E. Karstenii,

which is a much paler insect than £. Kirbii of Denny, which is

dark rufous, with the elytra more or less pitehy.

4. Euplectus nanus, Aubé, Monogr. p. 53, sp. 2, tab. 91, f. 2.

Reichenbachit (Leach, Zool. Miscell. p.iii.82), Denny,

Monogr. p. 9, sp. 1, pl. 1. fig. 1.

, of Leach’s Collection.

Pselaphus nanus, Reichenbach, Monogr. p. 69, t. 2, f. 20.

Euplectus Kirbi, of Stephens’s Collection.

This is one of our commonest species, and is distinguished by

its uniform pitchy-brown colour, combined with the presence of a

very minute foveola on the vertex of the head, and other charac-

ters which have been pointed out in the preceding descriptions ;

the foveola on the head scarcely exceeds in size that of the punc-

tures which may be seen in the region of the eyes. In having the

part of the head behind the eye with the sides parallel for a short

distance, and decidedly longer than the eye, it agrees most nearly

with E. signatus and E. Karstenii. The male has a distinct spur at

the apex of the middle tibia within.

Common in the neighbourhood of London; is found in stable-

dung, the debris of haystacks, &c., and may sometimes be taken

on the wing, near sanset, in considerable numbers, by sweeping

over muck-heaps with a muslin net.

VOL. I. THIRD SERIES, PART 11,—MAY, 1862. E

50 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Descriptions of

5. Euplectus signatus, Denny, Monogr. p. 13, sp. 4, pl. 1, fig. 4.

—_—___— —_——_, Aubé, Monogr. p. 56, tab. 92, f. 3.

—_——_ Kirbit, Aubé, 1. c. p. 54, tab. 91, f. 4.

Pselaphus signatus, Reichenb, Monogr. p. 73, fig. 22.

Euplectus minutus, Stephens’s Collection.

This species agrees most closely in its characters with HL. nanus,

but is usually rather smaller, and narrower, and always (I believe)

of a testaceous colour. ‘The four foveze on the head are less dis-

tinct, being more completely confounded with the grooves which

unite them, and the small foveola on the vertex is here wanting.

The spur at the apex of the middle tibia of the male is less dis-

tinct, and indeed very minute.

Not uncommon in the neighbourhood of London.

6. Huplectus Karsten, Denny, Monogr. p. 12, sp. 3, pl. 1, f. 3.

—_—__— ————,, Aubé, Monogr. p. 56, sp. 6, pl. 92, f. 2.

Pselaphus —————, Reichenb. Monogr. p. 71, t. 2, f. 21.

Euplectus sanguineus, (part) of Stephens’s Collection.

— Karstenii, of Stephens’s Collection.

Agreeing with #. signatus in colour, and very nearly in size,

I find this species most frequently confounded with that insect.

The average size, however, is a trifle less than in Z’. signatus, and

its form a little narrower; the head is relatively broader, being

rather broader than the thorax, whilst in /. s7gnatus the head is

scarcely as broad as the following segment; the depressions are

less strongly marked, the raised area between them is broader

and extends more forwards, and the surface is more thickly punc-

tured, The thorax is rather narrower, more distinctly punctured,

and has the central posterior fovea smaller. I have found no

distinct spur to the middle tibiz in any of the specimens which I

have examined, and they are pretty numerous.

Rather more plentiful in the neighbourhood of London than

the preceding species, according to my experience; is found about

cucumber-frames, and occasionally in the cellars of London. I

possess a good ‘series of specimens which were procured from a

double-handful of fresh-mown grass, which was placed in one of

my cellars as a trap for small Coleoptera. A single specimen found

by me in the region of the nest of Formica fuliginosa is much larger

than any others, being fully equal in size to the E. nanus.

Sect. 2. Thorax with the three fovee near the posterior margin

united by a transverse groove ; the discoidal fovea wanling.

7. Euplectus ambiguus, Aubé, Monogr. p. 58, sp. 10, pl. 93, fig. 2.

the British Species of the Genus Euplectus. oil

Euplectus pusillus, Aubé, 1. c. p. 59, sp. 11, pl. 93, fig. 3.

———, Denny, Monogr. p. 15, s. 6, pl. 2, fig. 2.

—_———- ———,, of Stephens’s Collection.

ruficornis, of Stephens’s Collection.

Scarcely equal to E. Karséenii in length, and distinctly narrower,

and more linear in form than that insect; it is of a pitch colour,

or pitchy-brown, finely pubescent and glossy, with the legs, base

of the antennee, and parts of the mouth testaceous. The head is

fully as broad as the thorax, with a distinct fovea behind on the

vertex, and two deep grooves commencing in two foveex behind,

and converging strongly towards the fore part of the head; the

raised area in the region of the eye is punctured. ‘The thorax is

fully as broad as long, contracted behind, and broadest near the

fore part; the angles obtusely rounded; the three foveze behind

are deep, and the central one is the largest; the transverse groove

which unites them is also deep—there is no trace of a discoidal

fovea; the surface is polished, and has minute scattered punc-

tures. The elytra can scarcely be said to be punctured ; they are

about equal to the head and thorax in length, and about one-third

broader than the thorax; the sutural stria is well marked, and

external to this, at the base of each elytron, are two foveole, the

outermost of which is not prolonged into a stria, as is generally

the case. The male has the terminal spur to the middle tibia well

developed.

I possess but two specimens of this species, taken by me many

_ years since, I believe in the neighbourhood of London. It seems

to be rare in cabinets.

Euplectus ambiguus, var.?

I possess a single specimen of an insect which agrees most

closely in all its characters with the LZ. ambiguus, but which differs

in having the head, thorax and elytra most thickly punctured and

rugulose throughout; I cannot, however, but think it is an ac-

cidental variety.

Sect. 3. Thorax with the three fovee near the base isolated—not

united by a transverse depression.

8. Luplectus bicolor, Denny, Monogr. p. 17, sp. 7; pl. 2, fig. 3. 1825.

— , of Stephens’s Collection (¢ ).

— , Aubé, Monogr. p. 57, sp. 9, pl. 93, fig. 1.

Pselaphus glabriculus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. iv. p. 236, 13. 1827?

Pitchy-black, with the legs and antenne pale testaceous, shorter

i) 2

———

52 Descriptions of British Species of the Genus Euplectus.

and broader than other species, with the elytra and abdomen

fully as broad, or even slightly broader than in &. nanus ; the

thorax rather smaller, and the head considerably less than in that

insect. Head short, considerably narrower than the thorax, with

two distinct foveze behind, and a transverse groove in front ; the

eye very prominent, and the head rather suddenly contracted be-

hind them; the penultimate and ante-penultimate joints of the

antenne rather larger than usual. Thorax about equal in length

and width, strongly dilated rather anterior to the middle, and

suddenly contracted near the front; with a moderate sized fovea

behind, an oblong impression in front of this, and a longitudinal

groove at some little distance from the lateral margin, extending

from the anterior margin, and opening behind into the posterior

lateral fovea; the surface is most indistinctly punctured, as is

likewise that of the elytra. These latter are about twice as long

and twice as broad as the thorax, rather convex, and gradually

contracted towards the shoulders; the sutural stria is by no means

strong, the mesial stria extends rather less than half-way along

the elytra, and is deep and broad, especially at the base, and be-

tween this and the little foveola which forms the commencement

of the sutural stria is a small oblong foveola. The middle tibia

in the male has a large tooth-like process on the inner side about

mid-way between the base and apex, the corresponding tibia is

simple in the female.

This species seems to be very rare or local; I have seen but

three specimens, a beautifully set male and female taken by Mr.

Dossetor in the neighbourhood of London, and a male specimen

in the collection of Mr. Stephens, from which the above descrip-

tion is taken.

It is remarkable that Gyllenhal should have overlooked the

posterior lateral foveze to the thorax of this insect, as well as the

lateral longitudinal groove and the small discoidal groove, if this

really be his Psel. glabriculus, as is generally supposed.

With regard to the above notes, I wish to state that I did not

undertake to give an account of the British Euplecti because I

was full of matter and had ample material, but because I was full

of difficulties, and was anxious to point them out: it was neces-

sary that I should examine the group with the view of determining

the species for insertion in my catalogue, and in this work, I ex-

perienced much difficulty from the circumstance that the diffe-

rential characters are often not pointed out: this want I have

endeavoured to supply.

Cees)

V. Descriptions of New Species of Australian Hymenoptera,

and of a Species of Formica from New Zealand. By

FREDERICK Smitu, Esq., Pres. Ent. Soc.

{Read June 4th, 1860.]

Tue only species of ant which I have seen from New Zealand,

excepting that described in the present paper, is the Formica (Atta)

antarctica of White, in the Zoology of the Erebus and Terror;

indeed, from inquiries that I have made of Dr. Sinclair and others

who have long resided in that country, the Formicide appear to be

insects extremely local or of rare occurrence in New Zealand.

The species described in this paper derives its sole interest from

the fact of its being the first true Formica that has been dis-

covered ; it was also the only species of ant forwarded by a rela-

tive, who undertook to collect the Formicide for me in the

neighbourhood of Port Littleton. Amongst the Hymenoptera of

Australia, the species of the genus Pompilus, and two of Gorytes,

are, perhaps, as remarkable for their beauty and distinctiveness as

any species belonging to those extensive genera. I have also

added a new species to the rare genus Paragia. The fourteen

new species of Australian bees, described in this paper, complete

the enumeration of all that I am acquainted with from that country;

six of these are in the collection of the British Museum, and for

eight I am indebted to the liberality of John Lubbock, Esq.

Formica advena.

F. luteo-fusca, scapis antennarum pedibusque pallide testaceis ;

corporis pube sericea subtilior: ; squama subovali, supra rotun-

data.

Female.—Fuscous-yellow, shining, covered with a thin fine

cinereous pubescent pile; the flagellum slightly fuscous, with the

tip pale; the anterior portion of the head and the mandibles paler

than the vertex ; the mandibles with fine acute teeth ; a central

impressed line runs upward from the clypeus to the middle of

the vertex, terminating at the anterior ocellus, the ocelli minute.

Thorax ovate. Abdomen fuscous, the scale of the peduncle in-

crassate, its superior margin rounded,

Length 2 lines.

54 Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions of new

Worker 14 lines. In general colouring, like the female, but

paler, the thorax being pale testaceous like the legs.

Hab. New Zealand.

In my own Collection.

The only species of ants site I have seen from New Zealand

are one belonging to the genus Myrmica, one forming the genus

Orectognathus, and the species here described belonging to the

genus Formica ; it was found near Port Littleton by a relative of

mine resident at that place.

Pompilus raptor.

P. niger, abdomine nitido, alis fuscis fascid ante apicem flava.

Female.—Black ; the anterior wings with a broad yellow fascia

near their apical margins, Head with the clypeus transverse,

and, as well as the base of the mandibles, sprinkled with a few rigid

setae; the tips of the mandibles ferruginous ; the face and cheeks

covered with silvery pile. The sides of the thorax, the legs and

metathorax with a silvery silky reflection; the posterior margin

of the prothorax curved; the metathorax somewhat obliquely

truncate; the tibiae exteriorly, and the tarsi, thickly set with short

acute spines; the thorax has a thin fuscous pubescence above,

that on the sides and beneath is cinereous; wings dark fuscous,

with an orange-yellow fascia on the anterior pair, the width of the

marginal cell, and from thence crossing the wing nearly to its pos-

terior border. Abdomen shining, with a bright silvery silky re-

flection beneath, and at the posterior lateral angles of the first and

second segments.

Length 9 lines.

Hab. Australia.. (The neighbourhood of Sydney.)

In my own Collection.

Pompilus molestus.

P. niger, pube cinered sericed vestitus, alis fuscis fasciis duabus

flavis ; antennis, tibiis tarsisque ferrugineis.

Female.—Black, and thinly covered with a silky cinereous pile ;

the antennee ferruginous, with three or four of the apical joints

black ; the mandibles rufo-piceous at their apex ; the vertex, and

the pro- and mesothorax with rufo-fuscous reflection ; the pos-

terior margin of the prothorax curved; the tibize and tarsi dull,

ferruginous and sparingly set with short acute spines ; the wings

fuscous, with two broad yellow fasciz on the superior pair, their

base sub-hyaline ; the posterior wings sub-hyaline, with a fuscous

Species of Australian Hymenoptera 55

border at their apical margins. Abdomen slightly shining,

covered with cinereous silky pile, which is most dense at the base

of each segment.

Length 9 lines.

Hab. Australia (near Sydney).

In my own Collection.

Gorytes bellicosus.

G. mger, clypeo antennarum scapo subtus flavo, linea prothorace

et subscutello segmentis duobus abdomineque rufo-flavis.

Female.—Black, slightly shining, and with two yellow fascize on

the abdomen. Head rather narrower than the thorax; the

clypeus, scape of the antennz in front, and their apex, yellow ;

the anterior margin of the clypeus traversed by a groove, the

groove black; the face with a short thin silvery. pubescence ; the

vertex with a sparing pale fulvous pubescence. ‘Thorax: the

collar with a narrow interrupted yellow line; the suture at the

base of the scutellum consute ; the metathorax obtusely rounded,

with a deep longitudinal central channel, the inclosed space at its

base coarsely striated longitudinally, the sides rugose, and with a

thin griseous pubescence ; the wings sub-hyaline, with the anterior

margin of the superior pair fuscous; the tibiae and tarsi dull fer-

ruginous, stout, and spinose; the anterior tarsi ciliated, the claw-

joint enlarged, with the claws simple, and a large pulvillus pro-

duced between their fork. Abdomen: a sub-interrupted yellow

fascia a little before the apical margin of the first segment ; the

second segment swollen at the sides, the third with a yellow fascia

on its apical margin; the sixth segment ferruginous at the apex,

shining, and faintly punctured.

Length 63 lines.

Hab. Adelaide.

In my own Collection.

Gorytes eximius.

G. niger, clypeo antennarum scapo subtus flavo, abdomine fascis

tribus flavis, tibus basi tarsisque ferrugineis.

Female.—Black; the abdomen with orange bands, the legs

annulated with yellow and white. The clypeus, basal joint of the

flagellum and the scape, yellow; the latter with a fuscous spot

behind. ‘The thorax closely punctured ; a narrow yellow line on

the collar, and the tegule yellow; an orange spot on the clypeus ;

the metathorax obtusely rounded and rugose; the inclosed space

at its base longitudinally striated ; the suture at the base of the

56 Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions of new

scutellum simple; the wings sub-hyaline, the anterior margin of

the superior pair dark fuscous ; the anterior tibiae, tarsi and apex

of the femora pale yellow, nearly white, the tibize and tarsi with

a ferruginous stain outside ; the intermediate legs are similarly

coloured, but have also the tips of the joints of the tarsi dark-

coloured; the posterior tibize are yellow at their base, the tarsi

white, with the tips of the joints black. Abdomen: the first

segment orange, with the extreme base black; the second seg-

ment with a broad orange fascia on its apical margin, slightly

emarginate in the middle; the third segment with a narrower

yellow fascia; the tip of the abdomen ferruginous.

Length 44 lines.

Hab. Australia (Adelaide ?).

In my own Collection.

Paragia deceptor.

P. nigra, aurantiaca multipicta ; abdominis segmentis tribus flavo-

fasciatis.

Female.—Black, variegated with orange-red. The head closely

punctured ; the anterior margin of the clypeus slightly rounded,

with a large semi-circular orange spot at its base ; a transverse

subquadrate spot between the antennz, and a minute line behind

the eyes, orange. Thorax somewhat square in front, the anterior .

margin slightly curved; the prothorax orange in front, slightly

interrupted in the middle; a spot beneath the wings, a short,

narrow line over the tegule, an oblong spot in the middle of the

mesothorax, extending to the base of the scutellum, and the latter,

orange-red ; the metathorax truncate, the truncation finely rugose,

with the lateral margins narrowly orange; the tibiz and tarsi

orange-red, the tarsi palest. Abdomen silky, particularly so

beneath ; the first segment with a minute spot on each side, the

‘second with a broad band at its base, the third with a similar

band at its apical margin, the fourth with a narrow band also at

its apical margin, orange-red; the band on the second segment is

emarginate in the middle, and also on each side of its basal

border; the apical margin of the fifth segment and the sixth

entirely rufo-piceous. The wings sub-hyaline, with the anterior

border of the superior pair dark fuscous.

Length 6 lines.

Hab. Australia.

In my-own Collection.

This species closely resembles the P. Australis of Saussure, -

but I think the differences warrant their separation: an extensive

series might prove it to be an extreme variety.

Species of Austrulian Hymenoptera. 37

Fam. ANDRENID, Leach.

Genus Lamprocontetes, Smith.

1. Lamprocolletes venustus.

Female.—Black, the abdomen with a silky gloss. The face

densely clothed with long, pale golden-coloured pubescence, that

on the cheeks is white ; the scape of the antennz ferruginous ; the

Jabrum and mandibles rufo-testaceous, the latter rufo-piceous at

their apex. Thorax thinly clothed above with pale ochraceous

pubescence, on the sides and beneath it is nearly white; the tips

of the femora, the tibize and tarsi ferruginous. Abdomen: the

margins of the segments with narrow fasciz of a golden lustre,

and thinly sprinkled with pale hairs.

Length 43 lines.

South Australia—Lower Plenty.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

2. Lamprocolletes cladocerus.

Male.—Black, shining, and finely punctured, the pubescence

griseous and most dense on the face and thorax; that on the

latter is beautifully plumose, resembling downy feathers; on the

face it is nearly white; the antennz bipectinate, that is, with a

double row of teeth, two on each joint ; each tooth has two or

more teeth or branches within, all the teeth fringed with erect

hairs. The wings hyaline and iridescent, the nervures dark

brown; the legs obscurely testaceous, the claw-joint of the tarsi

pale, the claws bifid, the calcaria white. Abdomen shining, and

having an obscure eneous tinge; the margins of the segments

depressed and obscurely rufo-piceous.

Length 4% lines.

Hab. Australia— Sydney.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

This species is at present unique in the National Collection ; it is

certainly the most remarkable bee that I have seen, and the only

instance, to my knowledge, of a bee having pectinated antenne ;

such an occurrence, indeed, in the Aculeate Hymenoptera is only

known in two or three instances, as in Psammotherma flabellata

amongst the Mutillide, and again in Ctenocerus Klugii in the

Pompilide ; there is also a modification of it in one or two other

species of Pompilide.

58 Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions of new

Genus Euryetossa, Smith.

1. Euryglossa ephippiata.

Female.—Head and thorax black, the latter blood-red above ;

the abdomen nigro-zeneous. The head closely and finely punc-

tured ; the clypeus shining, with scattered punctures ; the man-

dibles with their apex rufo-piceous, rounded at the tips, not

toothed. The thorax above, the scutellum and _ post-scutellum

red ; the wings fusco-hyaline; the nervures black. Abdomen of

a dark olive-green, with an obscure silky gloss.

Length 4} lines.

Hab. Adelaide.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

2. Euryglossa licolor.

Female.—The head and thorax black, the abdomen red. The

head and thorax shining, finely and distantly punctured ; the face

and vertex with a thin, pale golden-coloured pubescence, that on

the cheeks cinereous. The wings sub-hyaline, their nervures

pale testaceous. The abdomen ferruginous, with the base and a

transverse waved stripe across each segment fuscous.

Length 4 lines.

Hab. Adelaide.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

Genus Dasycotzietes, Smith.

Dasycolletes rubellus.

Female.—The head and thorax black, and clothed with beautiful

plumose pubescence ; the clypeus strongly punctured and shining ;

the head opaque, and finely and longitudinally rugose. Thorax

slightly shining, very closely and delicately punctured, with

stronger scattered punctures intermixed ; the scopa on the pos-

terior tibiz silvery-white beneath and fuscous above; the legs

obscure rufo-fuscous, and clothed with glittering pale pubescence ;

the wings hyaline and iridescent, the nervures testaceous, the

costal nervure nearly black. Abdomen ferruginous; its apical

segment black; the apical margin of the fifth segment and the

sides of the sixth with sooty-black pubescence: the margins of

the segments beneath fringed with pale pubescence.

Length 43 lines.

Hab. South Australia—Lower Plenty.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

Species of Australian Hymenoptera. 59

Genus AntuoGtossa, Smith.

Anthoglossa sericea.

A. nigra, thorace pedibusque pallide fulvescente tectis, segmentis

abdominis apice pallide testaceo late fasciatis.

Female.—Black ; the sides of the face with a line of snow-

white pubescence, on the vertex it is slightly fuscous ; the anterior

margin of the clypeus and the mandibles rufo-piceous, the tips of

the latter black; the flagellum fulvous beneath. The thorax

densely clothed with short pale pubescence on the disc, on the

sides and beneath it is cinereous; the tibize and tarsi rufo-piceous,

their pubescence pale fulvous ; the wings sub-hyatine, the tegulze

pale testaceous. Abdomen subovate and covered with a short

changeable reddish pile; the apical margins of the segments

narrowly testaceous; the fifth segment fringed with fulvous

pubescence, as well as the sides of the sixth; the segment itself

being rufo-testaceous.

Length 5 lines.

From the Collection of J. Lubbock, Esq.

Genus Prosopis, Fabr.

Prosopis metallicus.

P. nigro-cerulea, nitida et delicatule punctata, faciei scutello et

post-scutello flavis.

Female.—Black ; the clypeus and face on each side bright

yellow. Yhorax closely and finely punctured; the tubercles,

scutellum and post-scutellum yellow ; wings slightly smoky, the

nervures black ; the two recurrent nervures uniting with the two

transverse cubital nervures. Abdomen: obscurely nigro-zeneous,

very finely and closely punctured.

Length 34 lines.

Male.—Shining nigro-zneous; the clypeus, the face on each

side of it, an angular spot above the clypeus and the scape in

front cream-coloured. Thorax closely and finely punctured; a

large spot beneath the wings, the scutellum and_ post-scutellum

bright yellow; wings sub-hyaline and iridescent, the nervures

piceous, the stigma pale testaceous ; the anterior tibize in front, a

line on the femora outside near their apex, a line in front of the

intermediate and posterior tibia and femora, yellow. Abdomen

finely and closely punctured ; the apical segments beneath fringed

with black pubescence.

Hab. Australia.

From the Collection of J. Lubbock, Esq.

60 Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions of new

Genus Noma, Latr.

Nomia argentifrons.

N. nigra; capile thoraceque punctatis subopacis, facier pube

argentata ; abdomine nigro-ceeruleo, segmentis apicalibus albo-

marginatis.

Head, thorax and legs black, the abdomen black ; the scape of

the antennz in front, the apex of the clypeus, the mandibles and

anterior tibize in front pale rufo-testaceous, the flagellum fulvous

beneath ; the claws of the tarsi testaceous; the face, cheeks and

hinder margin of the vertex clothed with white pubescence ; the

thorax on the sides and the sutures of the scutellum white ; wings

hyaline, faintly clouded at their apical margins, the nervures

black, the posterior femora incrassate, the tibia incrassate and

broadly expanded at their apex. Abdomen: the apical margin

with white fascize, the first broadly interrupted.

Length 4 lines.

Hab. Australia.

From the Collection of J. Lubbock, Esq.

Genus AnpDRENA, Fabr.

Andrena advena.

A. nigra glabriuscula ; abdomine nitido fasctis interruptis albis ;

scopa versicolort. ;

Female.—Black, the face and cheeks with cinereous pube-

scence, that on the vertex fuscous; the clypeus strongly punc-

tured. Thorax: the sides and beneath thinly clothed with

cinereous pubescence, that on the disc and on the scutellum

fuscous; the posterior tibiz have the scopa fuscous; wings

hyaline and iridescent, the nervures black. Abdomen: oblong-

ovate, the second, third and fourth segments with a narrow white

marginal fascia, the apical fimbria black.

Length 53? lines.

Hab. Australia.

From the Collection of J. Lubbock, Esq.

Genus Scrarter, St. Farg.

1. Scrapter carinata.

S. capite thoraceque nigris, abdomine ferrugineo apice nigro.

Female.—Head, thorax and legs black, smooth and shining ;

the clypeus rounded in front, and with a sharp, elevated carina

down the centre; the flagellum rufo-piceous beneath. Thorax :

Species of Australian Hymenoptera. 61

wings hyaline and iridescent, the tegule rufo-testaceous ; the

tibize and tarsi obscure rufo-piceous, the anterior tibiae pale in front.

Abdomen ferruginous; the apical margin. of the first segment

slightly fusco-ferruginous, the second more broadly so; _ the fol-

lowing segments entirely fusco-ferruginous.

Length 3% lines.

Hab. Australia.

From the Collection of J. Lubbock, Esq.

2. Scrapter bicolor.

S. capite thoraceque nigris, abdomine ferrugineo basi nigro, alis

hyalinis.

Female.—Head and thorax black ; abdomen ferruginous, with

the base fuscous; a fuscous spot in the middle of the three

following segments at their extreme lateral margins. The fla-

gellum obscurely fulvous beneath; tips of the mandibles ferru-

ginous; the clypeus with scattered punctures; the tibize and

tarsi ferruginous, and thinly covered with cinereous pubescence.

Length 4 lines.

Hab. Australia.

Fram the Collection of J. Lubbock, Esq.

Fam. APIDAS, Leach.

Genus Meeacuice, Latr.

1. Megachile ustulata.

M. nigra, abdomine pube ferrugined vestito, alis fuscis.

Female.—Head, thorax and legs clothed with black pubescence,

the face on each side of the clypeus with cinereous pubescence,

the clypeus broadly truncate; the mandibles stout, rugose and

opaque black ; wings fuscous, darkest along the anterior margin of

the superior pair; the intermediate and posterior tarsi clothed

with fulvous pubescence ; the abdomen clothed above and beneath

with bright fulvous pubescence, longest and palest beneath.

Length 62 lines.

Hab. Australia.

From the Collection of J. Lubbock, Esq.

2, Megachile senex.

Female.—Black, shining and finely punctured; the head an-

teriorly, the cheeks, the thorax on the sides aud beneath, as well

62 Descriptions of new Species of Australian Hymenoptera.

as the legs, clothed with cinereous pubescence ; the clypeus more

strongly punctured than the rest of the body, its anterior margin

emarginate ; the mandibles very stout and bidentate. The wings

smoky, darkest at their apical margins, with the nervures black ;

the spines at the apex of the tibize and the claws of the tarsi rufo-

testaceous, the tips of the latter black ; the tibize have exteriorly

a short fuscous pubescence, on the tarsi within it is fulvous.

Abdomen with shades of violet and green, without marginal fasciz,

and clothed beneath with bright fulvous pubescence.

Length 5 lines.

Hab. Australia, Richmond River.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

Of this very marked and easily distinguished species there are

two specimens in the Museum, which are in the finest possible

condition; the absence of abdominal fascize is unusual in this

genus.

3. Megachile modestus.

Female.—Black ; very closely and finely punctured and sub-

opaque ; the sides of the face, the thorax on the sides and beneath,

and a little tuft behind the tegulae, white ; wings sub-hyaline ; the

legs thinly covered with white pubescence. Abdomen: the pos-

terior margin of the segments with narrow white fasciz; the

apical segment with short, pale fulvous pubescence, beneath

clothed with white pubescence.

Length 43 lines.

Male.—Closely resembles the female, but has the two basal

joints of the anterior tarsi white, flattened and expanded; the

terminal segment of the abdomen truncate at the apex, with a

minute tooth at the extreme base of the lateral margins.

Length 42 lines.

Hab. Australia.

From the Collection of J. Lubbock, Esq.

(635)

VI. On the Comparative Influence of Periodicity and Tem-

perature upon the Development of Insects. By M.

C. Vertoren, Med. Doc., Utrecht. Communicated

by Professor Wrestwoop, M.A., F.LS., &e.

[Read 6th August, 1860.]

Periopiciry is an essential property of all organic being; animals

and plants having, within fixed limits, a determined time of exist-

ence, growth and decay. In insects and plants this periodicity is

more expressed than in other classes of the organic creation; in

the majority of species the different periods of development are

fixed to definite times of the year, differing, however, in different

species.

It is generally known that temperature has great influence upon

periodicity. The experiments of Reaumur, in retarding or ad-

vancing the time of appearing of some insects, are sufficiently

known; and Lacorpatre has mentioned an observation, where

out of 100 pupe of Saturnia Paphia, two-thirds came out after

fourteen days (the ordinary time of pupation), and the other one-

third at different times during ten subsequent months; showing

that in that case the time of the year was without influence.

But there are species in which the periodicity is only deter-

mined by the time of the year, and where temperature has no

influence thereupon. SwamMeERDAM and Reaumur have already

made observations upon this subject. SwamMMERDAM says, that

his Ephemera Swammerdamu always appears during three to four

days within the fourteen days between the feasts afi St. Oxor and

Sr. Joun; and Ruaumur states that another species of Ephemera,

inhabiting the Seine, always appears during two or three days be-

tween the 10th and 18th of August, adding that neither cold nor

rainy days had any influeace thereupon.

Besides this annual periodicity there is also a daily one. The

Ephemera of SwaMMERDAM, according to his statement, appears

always between the hour of 6 and 6.30 in the evening, and has

disappeared totally before 11 o’clock ; and Reaumur states of his

Ephemera, that it appears always between the hour of 8 and 8.30

in the evening, and has disappeared at 10 o’clock. Braum has

stated that Bombyx Mori and Macroglossa Ginothere leave the

pupa only at sunrise, Smerinthus Tilie at noon; and ScuRoETER

states that sixteen specimens of Acherontia Atropos left the pupe

64 Dr. Verloren on the Comparative Influence of

between 4 and 7 in the evening, which has been proved by ex-

periments of my own.

To determine this more accurately it is necessary to make ob-

servations on a great number of individuals. During several

years I have made them upon Sphinx Ligustri, and | have obtained

very curious results, showing evidently an influence determined

only by the time of the year, without any influence of the tem-

perature. The perfect moths do not always come out in the fol-

lowing year, but some remain in the pupa to the second year.

The time of coming out is ordinarily the last half of June ; those

which have not come out at that time remain to the following

year. In July and August a sufficiently high temperature is

developed, but it is without influence, if their determined time has

passed, and they remain to the following year, when they come

out precisely at their determined time in June, simultaneously

with those which have undergone their transformation to the

pupa in the preceding September.

During the, years of 1844—1852, out of 236 pupz 182 came

out in the year subsequent to their pupation, 40 in the second

year, and 14 died; thus 18 per cent. of the whole number of

pupe remain to the second year.

The mean time of coming out has been found to be the 21st

of June, and the limits of appearance the 4th of June and the 19th

of July. The year 1851 was especially backward, and the latest

limit of the 19th of July occurred in that year, whilst the first

specimen came out in that year on the 25th of June. The year

1848, on the contrary, was the most forward, and the moths

appeared from June 4th to June 26th. As stated before, the two-

year brood came out in every year exactly at the same time as the

one-year brood. [See Table opposite. |

In the one-year brood the males have always been about a week

in advance; in the two-year brood no marked difference could be

observed in this respect. Although it seems to be the rule, that

in most insects the males precede the females, there are also

instances where the reverse is the case. Out of twenty pup of

Psyche nitidella which I reared, ten females came out between the

14th and 20th of June; the following week not one came out;

and after that time only males were developed. During the past

year I made observations upon a certain number of pupe of

Papilio Machaon with. the like result.

The general relation between the number of males and females

of Sphinx Ligustri which I reared was, as 53:85 per cent. g to

46°15 @; but between the one and two-year brood the prepon-

[To face page 64.]

TOTAL.

Se ee ee ee ee ae

je} = =)

q z

Be FL ft tt la e | TR RRHHROMNVOABDANM KH MANaedsne | ©

Tol, ae RSS SPH RANA HONMNONLENH |/VPOoFAe wR! [atl ilar] Se

Sa)

2) ie ee

2 O+ i i We ete al ey tr ee fi ee StS eee Ee ait oh ce Neca TE Ih =

I=] So) eel ae hss Safe} te a eee alfa le llr ioe apart salen | |SeEAG IA Ire fatal fear Wenifaa le Se ae siisa ib sil iia i

“6 Pye ee a Lo Roatan | NN ‘ie

Be a ie

SO wml ARNBPHHHRANHANHANNHNA lAtoHloHRi tal ial ©

= | ee SE ks We fees ea fk eam [me fe Tee Jet) jl cee PU = re Une ty oath cd ce Fea [eee ec Poe ent | Patan bie feneee) tome | 9 | is

2 OF [ESSE SEA a MT Th ST Sa ie aN ment ead rt Ered rs ca | fg | Ukr | Ty Dae a btn)

bao) fies Nay fel me fet arte ea feast be il ees feel ol cee Flo) (le ee] ee pas | ee Pia feed Snell hs Foomel olie al ise tis It |

s | ie Bc home) Le seed) (Seay |e) Leet ena ames Peed cad (ta een ove = (Nc earl nee fiecee( ie fe el esate el iret ae (Teed [sh affas afm =l[bes Te. | eal

CH : Vt | l Us| a) Uhl (ey f= Fo fen) Per me NL sane Let fe ce fe fe ea eal een t i eel lapel Se ely J

= - =-- ee * 3 a af ee “— re eer es ain nga Se eel Eat ft een | ) Peed

[To face page 64.]

PUPATION OF SPHINX LIGUSTRI.

ToTAL.

One YEAR’S PuPATIon, | Two Years’ PuPATION. |

1848. 1849. 1850. 1851. 1852. 1848, 1849. 1850. 1851. 18

52. One Year. | Two Years. Total.

$ Q Total.| g Q Total.) g Total. ¢ 9 Total.| g 9 Total.|| ¢ 9 Total.) g 9 Total.| ¢ 9 Total.| $ 9 Total.) ¢ @ Total! ¢ Q Total.) ¢ 9 Total.| g 2 Total.

ete KH ee He Le ae Lf a SS ee

ee ee ep Le ee ele = aaa

We Ke SK Ke Le Hf e- LJ ee Lila e a 1a ee

oe Es ede ear ee = Se ee ee

melo (oo = 8 | 1 = a ee a a Se Se Se = a eo? bie

«ip eas Ol ~ eee I Pe = lH ee Hae 1 Ss See

Seeeeseteee = Py -|-- -}--~ ~f-1 th-- «/--~ =|4- -|-- -le— ae eae

ieeah= 2.2) 1 - -~- -|-- -|-- See e ee Sle | 2 ee 3)

pide. t= - -|1- -- -j|-- -}]1- == -|-- =}-- -ja- =s]/-- - e 22 Oe Gas

ie - f=. |= 5 = -- -|-- -|-- = ee ese =

—

lor)

—

| wl] worer |

Pee Tl

—_

| co] Mee |

Ft) 20 RO EA Wt RO DO EAT MO METUND Sd 7 CO) 29) Cre Go Mon Mea NCR Ce NH S22) COs Oko ea

| ee Oe Ol WE So et So Ml el |

| —— | BO CoM DORK Bee eS |

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]

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|| RB wb] Oe | & [

Ws) ery ST |

fee eee] Ree | eR |

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| wre |

|] Mee owmaAnnwerew il] & |

|] — [| wl

ie)

—_

—

Loren] Fore |] KBPWEWOKYPNWHEHKH NDE WOH SHEE W eH

| WH AHRABH|] HWONYWAWHODHWHWE RAR WH

| wer |

1 wo] al &oacr |

G5 || ee ea eo eee | SS a ee ee ee Se

) Coa = a ate et) = ee eee —

[Seo] Bocce |

—

lop)

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SeaDoo] H WH DOH ANDBOPLWWD |

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me ==

feiceeniiges 219) 8 6 14 (122 9 381) 5°8 1815 6 11|/- 2 2/6 8 14) 4. =|= 8 5 6645 Tie e257 cae

Periodicity, &c. upon the Development of Insects. 65

derance in number of the sexes was reversed; in the one-year

brood it was as 59°46 per cent. ¢ to 40°54 9; and in the two-

year brood as 34°375 per cent. $ to 65°625 @. This fact is

easily to be explained by the above-mentioned fact of the earlier

development of the males of the one-year brood; the females

coming out the latest, there is a greater chance for them than for

the males to become a two-year brood.

I have also to note another remarkable fact upon this two-

year brood, viz., the numerical proportion of this brood in alter-

nate years. Thus, the even years, 1844-46-48-50, produced

ninety-three of one-year brood and thirty-seven of two-year

brood; but the uneven years, 1845-47-49-51, produced eighty-

nine of one-year brood and only three of two-year brood. ‘The

number of my observations is certainly too small to state this fact

positively, but it seems to me sufficiently marked for calling

attention to this fact. *

The differences in advancing or retarding the time of coming

out in the month of June and the first days of July are certainly

occasioned by differences of temperature, principally in the month

of May. In the first warm days in the month of May the pupz

receive an impulsion by which the proper formation of the perfect

insect in the pupa case Is set in action. ‘Those which resist this

impulsion remain to the following year; thus the periodicity of

the species prevails over the influence of the temperature.

Further experiments are in accordance with this view. The

pupa state in Insects is best adapted for physiological experiments

on the transformation of matter in animals. ‘They live and em-

ploy matter like cther animals, but take no additional food.

Their food is deposited in their bodies in the adipose tissue,

accumulated during the larva state. The larva eats not only for

itself, but also for the future pupa, which is not able to take food

from without. Hence it is not necessary to take into account the

food consumed by the animal (as would be required in experiments

with the larva), whereby such experiments are much facilitated.

I therefore commenced by making a series of calculations of the

weights of the pupa at different times. The loss can thus only

represent the loss by respiration, and the amount of the loss will

represent the activity of the vital functions. I cannot detail in

extenso all the points connected with the researches which I have

made, and will, therefore, only give some of the results. First,

the mean loss sustained by the insects from April to the time of

their appearance in the perfect state, calculated for the early

period in series of ten days’ duration, and subsequently from day

VOL. i. THIRD SERIES, PART II1.—--MAY, 1562. F

Dr. Verloren on the Comparative Influence of

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Periodicity, §c. upon the Development of Insects. 67

by the great augmentation in the loss of weight, which after that time

continued still to increase. In No. IV. that augmentation is not

perceptible; the loss of weight increases a little until the 7th of

August, but after that time it again decreases. This increase and

decrease in the amount of the loss is naturally explained by the

rising of the temperature, but it is not so much as it should be, if

the impulsion were given for the formation of the perfect insect.

In No. V., on the contrary, the loss is at all times enormously

greater, showing, as I have remarked, the influence of the loss of

life. As I commenced my observation of these weights only last

year, and only females came out of the two-year brood pupe in

that year, I have not obtained the weights of males of the two-

year brood, —

The loss of weight has been found to be greater in the males

than in the females, showing a more extensive consumption of

matter by the males than by the females. In the last sixty-six

days before coming out of the pupe, the mean loss per cent. on

the weights of the pupe (on the sixty-sixth day before they came

out) was in the one-year brood of males, 8°48; in the one-year

brood of females, 7°59 ; and in the two-year brood of females, 7:64.

The loss by respiration is, of course, also accompanied by

urinary secretions, consisting of the solid and fluid remaining

parts of the matter consumed during the pupa state. This secre-

tion is accumulated during the pupa state in a vesicular enlarge-

ment of the rectum. The perfect insect frees itself by the dis-

charge of this mass in leaving the pupa case, and if the pupz are

fixed in an upright position before the moths come out, the whole

quantity is generally left in the pupa case. It would be too long to

explain all the precautions taken to determine exactly the quantity

of urinary secretion during the pupa state, and I will give only

the ultimate results, showing also the greater amount of matter

consumed by the male pupze. The correspondence of the num-

bers of the different groups will, as | hope, speak sufficiently in

favour of the accuracy of the results. The mean quantity of

urinary secretion, during the whole time of the pupa state, has

also been expressed by the per-centage on the weights of the

pupee, calculated on the sixty-sixth day before the day the perfect

insects emerged, as follows :—

In males of the one-year brood pe once:

In females i 5 ne Bn ee eee

In females of the two-year brood m3 .. 30°64

IT have also taken the weights of the perfect insects. I will not,

however, mention all the precautions necessary to obtain accurate

68 Dr. Verloren on the Comparative Influence of

results. I will only give one of the results, showing the difference

in the quantity of loss between the days and the nights, which

was much greater during the nights than during the days, and

also greater in the males than in the females.

Day. Night.

Mean loss of the g@ msect ............| 5°333 | 12°925

5763 9°969

by) 99 S 9 eeeeeoeseoeee

The following table will also give the hours of the day in which

the insects have come out of the pupe, showing that the great

majority come out in the morning or before one o’clock in the

afternoon, contrasting strongly on this point with Acherontia

Atropos, which we have observed to come out always in the

evening :—

Out of 94 specimens of Sphina Ligustri, there have

come out before 9 o’clock in the morning 19 specimens,

5) 3? 10 23 39 16 3)

” sie ul 0 ap 10 a

oe) oy) 12 ” 99 10— 50

9 yo », afternoon 15 a.

29 29 4 ” oP) 6 +

” 99 9) 9 ” 9 oe)

29 29 4 29 ” ) 29

9 9 5 ” 29 1 9

” ” 6 0 99 2 ”

99 99 7 3 99 1 39

94:

Lastly, I will remark that M. Virmorin made some observa-

tions before the French Academy of, Sciences on the 21st March,

1859, stating facts of the same kind in plants as I have described

in insects. It is sufficiently known that plants can be advanced

in their development by putting them in hot situations. But M.

Vitmortn has remarked that there are plants in which that cannot

be done, and in which periodicity prevails over the influence of

temperature, and the development takes place only at the de-

termined time of the year specified for each species. Thus, of

corn and beet cultivated in the same hot-house with the straw-

berry, the stawberries were sixty to eighty days in advance of those

which were cultivated in the open air, but the corn and the beet

Periodicity, Sc. upon the Development of Insects. 69

were not at all advanced. Again, winter corn sown in the spring

sprang up, but remained during the whole summer and subse-

quent winter like grass, and looked during the winter just like

that which was sown in the autumn, and did not shoot up to seed

any earlier in the following spring than that which was sown in the

preceding autumn. M. Vitmorrn has concentrated his opinion

in these few concluding words, which also exactly express my

opinion upon those facts among animals as among plants :—

‘Tl y a donc 1a en jeu une cause qui, n’étant fonction ni de la

température, ni du temps (considéré comme durée), parait l’étre

de la saison de l'année, et qui, assez efficace pour contre-balancer

dans le blé, l’avoine, la betterave, etc., l’action de la chaleur, est

au contraire absolument sans action sur d’autres plantes, comme le

fraisier, la vigne, le melon, plantes dans lesquelles on peut déplacer

pour ainsi dire X volonté l’époque des principales phases de la

végétation.”

Nore.—With reference to Dr. Verloren’s observation that Acherontia Atropos

always emerges from the pupa in the evening, the following table has been sup-

plied by W. Groves, Esq. In 1858 Mr. Groves obtained fourteen pup of 4.

Atropos, of which thirteen assumed the perfect state; they were kept in a warm

place under a bell-glass in wet moss.

Number. Sex. Time of Appearance in the Perfect State.

] Male. 1 Sept., 1858. Between 10 p.m. and 8 a.m.

2 Male. LGay5 + Between 10 p.m. and 8 a.m.

3 Male. 16 ,, ip 11 p.m. ‘

4 Male. Wie ae 9 p.m.

5 Female.| 21 ,, 33 (2).

6 Female.| 23 ,, i 11 a.m.

7 Female. | 24 ,, ee Between 6 p.m. and 10 p.m.

8 Female. | 24 ,, ee Between 10 p.m. and 8 a.m.

9 Male. DOT. iS 7 a.m.

10 Female. 2 Oct. 55 Between 10 p.m. and 8 a.m.

11 Male. rans a5 Between 10 p.m. and 8 a.m.

12 Female. Oi 8%; 3 Between 10 p.m. and 8 a.m.

13 Female. ORs An Between 10 p.m. and 8 a.m.

Nos. 12 and 13 were imperfect specimens, the wings not being fully de-

veloped.

70 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

VII. Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera in the Collec-

tion of W. W. Saunders, Esq. By F. Waker,

Esq., F.L.S.

[Read Sth Nov., 1860.]

Fam. DIOPTIDE.

The family Zithosiide, as it is noticed in the Brit. Mus. Cat. Lep.

Het. Ist Ser., Pt. 2, contains several distinct families, one of which

may be termed Dioptide, the principal genus being Dioptis, of

which the foilowing species forms a new section.

Genus Diortis, Hubn.

Mas.—Corpus gracile. Palpi porrecti, brevissimi, caput non

superantes ; articulus 3us brevissimus. Antennze sub-pec-

tinate, apice simplices. Abdomen longum. Pedes breves ;

tibize posticze calcaribus brevissimis. Alze ample.

Male.—Body slender. Palpi porrect, very short, not extend-

ing beyond the head; 3rd joint very short. Antenne slightly

pectinated, simple at the tips. Abdomenlong. Legs short ; hind

tibiae with very short spurs. Wings ample; 2nd inferior vein

nearer to the Ist than to the 3rd in the fore-wings, and nearer to

the 3rd than to the 4th in the hind-wings.

Dioptis hyelosioides.

Mas.—Atra, pectore albo-maculato, abdomine nigricante viridi

vitta alba supra tenui subtus latissima, alis vitreis limpidis

sub-pubescentibus, venis cyaneo-nigro-marginatis.

Male.—Deep black. Pectus with white spots. Abdomen

blackish-green, with a slender white stripe above and with a broad

white stripe beneath. Wings vitreous, colourless, very minutely

pubescent, bordered with bluish-black ; veins black, more or less

broadly bordered with bluish-black.

Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 24 lines.

Bogota.

Fam. EUSCHEMID.

Genus Euscnrema, Hubn.

Euschema abrupta.

Mas.—Ochracea, palpis porrectis, antennis sat late pectinatis,

thorace fascia fuscescente-cinerea, alis anticis fuscescente-

cinereo-trivittatis, dimidio apicali fuscescente-cinereo fasciis

in the Collection of W. W. Saunilers, Esq. 71

duabus macularibus albidis sub-hyalinis, alis posticis vittis

tribus fuscescente-cinereis macularibus deviis.

Male.—Orange. Palpi short, porrect; 2nd joint broad; 3rd

elongate-conical. Antenne rather broadly pectinated. Legs

mostly whitish. Thorax with a brownish cinereous band. Fore-

wings brownish cinereous for much more than half the length

from the tips, with two whitish, nearly hyaline macular bands,

basal part with three brownish cinereous stripes, of which the fore

one is angular and extends obliquely to the disk, and the 2nd and

3rd are abbreviated ; exterior border extremely oblique. Hind-

wings with three macular and very irregular brownish cinereous

stripes.

Length of the body 12 lines; of the wings 34 lines.

Assam.

Genus CELERENA, n. g.

Mas et Feem.—Corpus sat gracile. Proboscis longa. Palpi

erecti, verticem paullo superantes, articulo 30 lanceolato.

Antenne long, graciles.) Abdomen cylindricum. Pedes

longi, graciles, leaves. Alze ample; anticze elongate; posticee

breviusculae. Mas.—Antennze pubescentes, dimidio apicali

setuloso. Pedes postici tibiis posticis valde incrassatis, calcari-

bus tribus longissimis, metatarsis tumidis. Fcem.—Antenne

glabree. ‘Tibize posticze vix incrassate, calcaribus parvis.

Male and Female.—Body rather slender. Proboscis long. Palpi

erect, not thick, rising a little higher than the vertex ; 3rd joint

lanceolate, less than half the length of the 2nd. Antenne long,

slender. Abdomen cylindrical. Legs long, slender, smooth.

Wings ample. Fore-wings elongate, slightly rounded at the tips ;

costa very slightly convex exteriorly ; exterior border very oblique.

Hind- wings comparatively short. Male.—Antennze pubescent

for half the length from the base, minutely setulose from thence

to the tips. Abdomen extending as far as the hind-wings. Hind-

tibize very much incrassated, with three very long spurs, two in

the middle and one near the tip, which is elongate-conical, and is

furrowed beneath for the reception of the base of the tarsus ; one

of the middle spurs slightly convolute at the tip; hind-metatarsus

much inflated, widening from the base to the tip. Memale—An-

tennze smooth. Hind-tibize very slightly incrassated; spurs short.

Abdomen not extending so far as the hind-wings.

This genus is remarkable on account of the peculiar structure

of the hind-legs. The second inferior vein is nearly thrice further

72 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

from the 3rd than from the Ist in the fore-wings, and four times

further from the 3rd than from the Ist in the hind- wings.

Celerena divisa.

Mas et 'ceem.—Luteo-flava, alis fascia arcuata nigra, margine

exteriore schistaceo, alis anticis costa interiore schistacea,

striga costali nigra, spatio apicali amplo schistaceo.

Male and Female.—Luteous-yellow. _ Wings about the exterior

border slate-colour, which hue is limited by a black curved band.

Fore-wings with the costa slate-colour from the base to a black

streak which extends obliquely to the disk ; the black band not

parallel to the border as in the hind-wings, but upright, and thus

leaving a large slate-coloured apical space.

Length of the body 9—11 lines; of the wings 26 —28 lines.

Silhet.

Genus TEerIna.

Terina, Cat. Lep. Het. Ist Ser. 464.

This genus perhaps belongs to the family which may be termed

Pericopide. The following species do not quite agree with the

typical form, but are hardly sufficiently different to form two new

genera.

Terina Antewusa.

Mas.—Obscure fusca, subtus alba, palpis subarcuatis basi albis,

antennis latissime pectinatis, thoracis margine antico cocci-

neo, pectoris lateribus ochraceis, alis albis hyalinis fusco

late marginatis, alis anticis basi postico ochraceo, striga ob-

liqua trigona fusca, spatio apicali fusco maculam albam hy-

alinam guttamque ochraceam includente.

Male.—Dark brown, white beneath. Head white in front.

Palpi slender, slightly curved, hardly ascending, white at the

base; 3rd joint conical, minute. Antennee very broadly pecti-

nated. Fore-border of the thorax crimson. Pectus orange on

each side. Legs smooth, slender. Abdomen extending a little

beyond the hind-wings. Wings white, hyaline, broadly bordered

with dark brown, which hue is slightly bordered with ochraceous

on the inner side. Fore-wings ochraceous on the hind part of the

base, near which there is a triangular oblique brown streak ;

apical part brown, including a white hyaline spot, and a smaller

hindward ochraceous spot; 2nd inferior vein nearly twice fur-

ther from the 3rd than from the Ist. Hind-wings with an

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. TS

ochraceous marginal spot, which is partly bordered with brown

on the inner side; 2nd inferior vein much further from the 3rd

than from the Ist.

Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 16 lines.

West Africa.

Terina? Arybasa.

Mas.—Pallide lutea, capite thoracisque fascia ferrugineo-fuscis,

palpis brevissimis, antennis late pectinatis, abdomine fasciis

fuscis, alis longis fascia interiore arcuata margineque exteriore

ferrugineo fuscis, alis anticis costa fasciaque interiore ferru-

gineo-fuscis.

Male.—Pale luteous. Head ferruginous brown. Palpi very

short, obliquely ascending; 3rd joint very minute. Antenne

broadly pectinated. Thorax with a ferruginous brown band.

Abdomen with brown semicircular bands, extending as far as the

hind-wings. Legs smooth; spurs rather long. Wings long,

moderately broad, with a ferruginous brown exterior border, and

a curved interior ferruginous brown band; 2nd inferior vein

about twice further from the 3rd than from the Ist. Fore-

wings ferruginous brown along the costa, and with an exterior

ferruginous brown band, which is broader than the interior one.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 16 lines.

Ceram.

Fam. LITHOSIID.

Genus Lirnosia, Fabr.

Lithosia despecta.

Foem.—Pallide testacea; abdominis apice luteo, alis anticis

angustis, cinerascente tinctis, posticis flavescentibus.

Female.—Pale testaceous. Abdomen luteous at the tip. Fore-

wings rather narrow, with a pale cinereous tinge. Hind-wings

yellowish. ;

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Cape.

Fam. ARCTIIDA.

Genus Hyrrrcompa, Steph.

Hypercompa Argus.

Foem.—Ochracea, palpis apice nigris, thorace pectoreque nigro-

maculatis, abdomine e maculis nigris trivittato, alis anticis

74 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

fasciis deviis e maculis albidis nigro-marginatis, spatio api-

cali candido lineis duabus transversis arcuatis nigris, alis

posticis nigro-maculatis.

Female.—Ochraceous. Palpi with black tips. Thorax and

pectus with black spots. Abdomen with three stripes of black

spots. Fore-wings with irregular bands of whitish-black bordered

spots; apical part pure white, with two curved black transverse

lines, of which the exterior one forms lanceolate angles, and the

Ist is diffusedly bluish bordered on the inner side. Hind-wings

with numerous black spots of various size.

Length of the body 18 lines; of the wings 56 lines.

Hindostan.

Genus EcpantHeria, Hubn.

Ecpantheria Gulo.

Mas.—Albida, capite thoraceque nigro-notatis, abdomine alas

posticas longe superante, pedibus densissime pilosis, alis

anticis nigro-sub-conspersis lineis plurimis obliquis deviis

lunulatis nigris, alis posticis sub-hyalinis albo-fimbriatis.

Bombyx Gulo, Morritz, MSS.

Male.—Whitish. Vertex with a short black band. Palpi

black above. Thorax with several transverse black marks of

various form. Abdomen extending far beyond the hind-wings.

Legs mostly densely clothed. Fore-wings slightly black-speckled,

with numerous oblique irregular Iunulate black lines ; orbicular

and reniform spots of the usual form; exterior border extremely

oblique. Hind-wings nearly hyaline; fringe white.

Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 22 lines.

Venezuela.

Ecpantheria moesta.

Mas.—Alba, subtus nigra, verticis fascia nigra, thorace fasciis

quinque macularibus nigris, abdominis lateribus apiceque

ochraceo-pilosis, pedibus nigro-fasciatis, alis anticis lineis

nonnullis nigris undulatis et angulosis disco ex parte ferru-

gineo orbiculari et reniformi nigro-marginatis, alis posticis

obscure ferrugineis cupreo-tinctis.

Bombyx moesta, Morritz, MSS.

Male.—White, black beneath. Vertex with a black band.

Thorax with five macular black bands. Abdomen with ochra-

ceous hairs on each side and at the tip. Legs with black bands.

Fore-wings with several irregular undulating and zigzag black

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 75

lines; disk partly ferruginous; orbicular and reniform marks

black bordered; exterior border with black semicircular spots.

Hind-wings dark ferruginous, with a cupreous tinge; interior

border with ochraceous hairs.

Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 20 lines.

Venezuela.

Genus Exystus.

Elysius, Cat. Lep. Het. Ist Ser. 713.

Elysius? signatus.

Mas.— Rufescente ochracea, palpis validis compressis sub-

ascendentibus caput paullo superantibus, articulo 20 longo,

30 minimo, antennis pectinatis breviusculis, abdomine sub-

cristato nigro-guttato, subtus nigricante, alis angustis, alis

anticis albo-signatis, alis posticis albis.

Male.—Reddish orange. Proboscis short. Palpi stout, com-

pressed, slightly ascending, extending a little beyond the head;

2nd joint long; 3rd extremely small. Antenne rather short,

moderately pectinated. Abdomen rather depressed, slightly

crested, extending far beyond the hind wings, with black dots

along each side; underside blackish, except towards the base.

Wings narrow. Fore-wings with a white basal point, with a white

notched-in-front spot near the base of the interior border, with

two white diffusedly blackish-bordered discal points, which repre-

sent the orbicular and reniform marks, and with two white streaks

by the base of the Ist inferior vein. Hind-wings white.

Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 16 lines.

Brazil.

Fam. LIPARIDA.

Genus Enxorta.

Eloria, Cat. Lep. Het. 1st Ser. 813.

Eloria canescens.

Mas.—Cinerea, subtus alba, palpis sub-arcuatis non ascendenti-

bus, articulo 30 lanceolato, antennis late pectinatis, tibiarum

posticarum calcaribus quatuor breviusculis, alis canis sub-

hyalinis fascia indistincta arcuata margineque lato cinereis,

alis anticis linea interiore.

Male.—Cinereous, white beneath. Proboscis testaceous. Palpi

slender, slightly curved, not ascending; 3rd joint lanceolate, a

little shorter than the 2nd. Antenne broadly pectinated. Abdo-

‘

76 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

men not extending beyond the hind-wings. Legs smooth, slender ;

hind tibize with four rather short spurs. Wings hoary, nearly

hyaline, thinly covered with whitish scales, with an indistinct

curved cinereous band, and with a broad cinereous whitish-pow-

dered exterior border. Fore-wings with the costa like the ex-

terior border, and with an interior line.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 18 lines.

Allied to E. turbida and to #. discalis.

Brazil.

Genus Cinciria, n. g.

Mas.-—Elorig affinis. Corpus sat gracile. Proboscis mediocris.

Palpi porrecti, caput sat superantes, articulo 30 minimo. An-

tennz longiuscule, late pectinatee. Pedes glabri, graciles ;

tibize posticee calcaribus quatuor longis. Alze ample; an-

ticee apice rectangulate, costa margineque exteriore sub-

convexis.

Male..—Allied to Eloria, Body rather slender. Proboscis

moderately long. Palpi porrect, hardly extending beyond the

head; 3rd joint very minute. Antenne rather long, broadly

pectinated. Abdomen not extending beyond the hind-wings.

Legs smooth, slender; hind tibize with four long spurs. Wings

ample. Fore-wings rectangular at the tips; costa and exterior

border very slightly convex; 2nd inferior vein more than four

times further from the 3rd than from the Ist. Hind-wings with

the 2nd inferior vein hardly twice further from the 3rd than from

the Ist.

Cingilia humeralis.

Mas.—Alba, subtus nigra, capite ochraceo, thorace fascia antica

tenul nigra maculisque duabus humeralibus ochraceis, ab-

domine nigro, segmentis ochraceo-marginatis, alis linea ex-

teriore undulata e punctis nigris, alis anticis costa ifteriore

nigra lineaque interiore vaga e punctis nigris.

Male.—White, black beneath. Head ochraceous. Thorax

with a slender black band in front, and with an ochraceous spot

on each shoulder. Abdomen black; hind borders of the seg-

ment ochraceous. Wings with an exterior undulating line of

black points; fringe with black points. Fore-wings black along

the costa from the base to one-third of the length, where there is

an irregular line of black points.

Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 22 lines.

United States.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 77

Genus Evrrocris, Hubn.

Euproctis atrigutta.

Foem.—Candida, palpis roseis brevissimis, pedibus anterioribus

roseo-fasciatis, alis anticis nigro-quadriguttatis.

Female.—Pure white. Palpi rosy, slender, very short. Abdo-

men not extending beyond the hind-wings. Anterior legs with rosy

bands. Fore-wings with four black dots, which form a line along

the forepart of the disk and parallel to the costa; Ist dot basal ;

4th on the exterior border; costa and exterior border very slightly

convex; tips rounded.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 11 lines.

West Africa.

Genus Enyprka, n. g.

Mas et Foem.—Corpus sat robustum. Proboscis obsoleta.

Palpi porrecti. Pedes validi. Ale spissae, sat late; anticze

apice subrotundate. Mas.—Palpi robusti, caput perparum

superantes, articulo 30 longi-conico. Antenne pectinate.

Tibize posticze calcaribus duobus longis apicalibus. Meem.—

Palpi graciles, caput longissime superantes, articulo 3o lineari.

Tibia: posticee calcaribus quatuor longis.

Allied to Anaphe, Cat. Lep. Het. Ist Ser. 856.

Male and Female.—Body rather stout. Proboscis obsolete.

Palpi porrect. Abdomen not extending beyond the hind-wings.

Legs robust. Wings stout, rather broad. Fore-wings somewhat

rounded at the tips; costa straight; exterior border hardly con-

vex, moderately oblique. Male.—Palpi stout, extending very

little beyond the head; 3rd joint elongate-conical, about half the

length of the 2nd. Antenne moderately pectinated. Hind-tibize

with two long apical spurs. Female.—Palpi slender, extending

very far beyond the head; 3rd joint linear, conical at the tip, as

long as the 2nd. Antenne smooth, slender. Legs rather slender ;

hind tibize stout, with four long spurs.

Einydra cinctigutta.

Mas et Feem.—Testacea, alis anticis maculis tribus discalibus

albis nigro-marginatis. Mas.—Maculis duabus exterioribus

connexis. Fam.—Maculis duabus exterioribus disjunctis.

Male and Female.—Testaceous. Fore-wings with three white

black-bordered discal spots, one interior, the other two exterior,

78 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

the fore one-smaller than the hind one. Male.—Exterior spots

connected. - /emale.—Exterior spots separate.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 15 lines.

Port Natal.

Genus Lymantria, Hubn.

Lymantria metarhoda.

Mas.— Albida, subtus rosea, capite thoraceque antico cervinis,

palpis roseis supra nigro-variis, antennis latiss me pectinatis,

abdomine alisque posticis roseis, his fusco-unistrigatis, alarum

anticarum fasciis fuscis obliquis macularibus lunulatis.

Male.—Whitish, thick, mostly rose-colour beneath. Head and

forepart of the thorax fawn-colour. Vertex rosy on each side.

Palpi rose-colour, partly black above. Antennz very broadly

pectinated, rosy at the base. Abdomen and hind-wings rosy, the

latter with a brown streak near the anterior angle. Fore-wings

with several oblique macular, mostly lunulate, more or less inter-

rupted, brown bands; a rosy basal mark.

Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 24 lines.

This species has much resemblance to L. maculosa.

Ceylon.

Fam. NOTODONTIDE.

Genus Noroponta, Ochs.

Notodonta scilipennis.

Feem.—Schistaceo-cinerea, capite thoraceque posiico rufescen-

tibus, tegulis nigricante marginatis, alis anticis postice cer-

vinis, lineis duabus transversis dentatis rufescentibus, vittis

duabus basalibus undque exteriore dentata strigisque duabus

subapicalibus nigricante-rufis, lituris tribus discalibus cer-

vinis nigro-strigatis, margine interiore fasciculato, posticis

pallidioribus, lineis duabus indistinetis obscurioribus, angulo

interiore rufescente.

Female.—Slaty cinereous. Head mostly reddish. Antenne

pale luteous. Palpi slender. ‘Thorax reddish hindward, except-

ing the tegulee, which are blackish bordered. Legs most densely

clothed, especially the fore-pair, mostly reddish beneath. Fore-

wings fusiform, broadly fawn-coloured along the interior border,

which is tufted near the base; the fawn-coloured space is tra-

versed by two dentate reddish lines, and is accompanied from the

base by two blackish red stripes, which are succeeded by a single

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 79

one; the latter is dentate exteriorly, and joins two sub-apical

streaks of the same hue; disk with two fawn-coloured marks, one

longitudinal, the other transverse, both containing black streaks ;

a dot of the same hue between them. _Hind-wings paler than the

fore-wings, with two indistinct darker lines, reddish about the

interior angle; marginal line dark brown, like that of the fore-

wings.

Length of the body 9 lines ; of the wings 20 lines.

Country unknown.

Genus Heterocampa, Doubled.

Heterocampa thyatiroides.

Mas.—Cervina, albido-varia, nigro-conspersa, capite cristato,

antennis late pectinatis triente feré apicali filiformi, abdomine

alas posticas sat superante, alis anticis obtusis nigro-strigatis,

basi strigisque sub-marginalibus cervinis, lineis interiore et

exteriore nigris dentatis duplicatis indistincetis, alis posticis

cinereo-fuscis, basi fimbriaque albidis.

Male.—Fawn-colour, partly whitish; plumes here and there

tipped with black. Head with an upright crest. Palpi porrect,

extending a little beyond the head; 3rd joint nearly one-third of

the length of the 2nd. Antenne broadly pectinated to beyond

two-thirds of the length. Tegule of the thorax slightly bordered

with black. Abdomen extending somewhat beyond the thorax.

Fore-wings somewhat obtuse, streaked and minutely speckled

with black, fawn-coloured towards the base, and with fawn-

coloured streaks along the exterior border ; interior and exterior

lines black, dentate, double, indistinct except towards the interior

border. Hind-wings cinereous brown ; base and fringe whitish.

Length of the body 8 lines ; of the wings 18 lines.

Canada.

Genus SoraMaA.

Sorama, Cat. Lep. Het. Ist Ser. 1034.

Sorama inclyta.

Feem.—Cinereo-alba, capite thoraceque antico nigro-conspersis,

thoracis crista densa nigrorufescente, abdomine luteo, alis

anticis squamosis rufescente nigro et schistaceo variis, lineis

interiore et exteriore strigdque lat&~ sub-marginali nigris,

strigula argentea discali, alis posticis cinereo-rufescentibus,

basi margineque interiore Juteis.

80 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

Female.—Luteous. Head and forepart of the thorax with

black and whitish hairs; the rest of the thorax with a dense red-

dish-black tipped crest; head slightly crested. Antenne cine-

reous, luteous beneath. Abdomen extending somewhat beyond

the hind-wings. Legs densely tufted. Fore-wings squamous,

cinereous white, irregularly varied with reddish, with black, and

with slaty cinereous; interior and exterior lines black, the former

partly obsolete, the latter deeply dentate in front ; much of the

space along the interior border black ; a broad black streak di-

verging hindward from the hind part of the exterior border; a

minute silvery white discal streak. Hind-wings cinereous-red-

dish, luteous towards the base and along the interior border.

Length of the body 15 lines ; of the wings 40 lines.

New South Wales.

Genus Puatera, Hubn.

Phalera cossoides.

Mas.—Cinerea, capite supra albo anticé rufescente, thorace

antico cervino, abdomine longissimo nigricante fusco, segmen-

torum marginibus apiceque albidis, alis anticis nigro-lineatis,

plaga apicali cervina, linea sub-marginali e lunulis fuscis,

orbiculari et reniformi fuscesceutibus albido-marginatis, alis

posticis cinereo-fuscis fusco late marginatis.

Male.—Cinereous. Head white about the base of the antenne ;

forepart and palpi reddish. Antenne serrated. Thorax fawn-

coloured in front; tegule black bordered. Abdomen blackish

brown, extending very far beyond the hind-wings ; hind borders of

the segments and tip whitish. Fore-wings minutely black speckled ;

basal, interior and exterior lines black; some less distinct den-

tate black lines between the interior line and the exterior line,

which is slightly undulating, and borders the large oblong apical

fawn-coloured patch; sub-marginal line composed of brown lu-

nules; fringe yellowish, with reddish marks opposite the veins ;

orbicular and reniform marks brownish, whitish bordered. Hind-

wings cinereous brown, broadly brown bordered.

Length of the body 15 lines; of the wings 36 lines,

The close resemblance of this species to P. Javana, Moore (Cat.

Lep. Mus. E. Ind, House, vol. ii. 432, pl. 13a, f. 6), indicates

that they both had one common origin.

Silhet.

in the Collection of W. W, Saunders, Esq. 8]

Genus Gopua, n. g.

Mas.—Corpus sat robustum. Fasciculus frontalis productus.

Proboscis distincta. Palpi validi, pilosi, obliqué ascendentes,

caput longé superantes, articulo 30 parvo. Antenne pecti-

natee, apices versus simplices. Abdomen alas posticas su-

perans. Pedes robusti, pilosi; tibiae posticze calcaribus

quatuor longis. Alze anticze acute, costa recta, margine

exteriore non*obliquo.

Male.—Body moderately stout. Frontal tuft prominent. Pro-

boscis distinct. Palpi stout, pilose, obliquely ascending, extend--

ing rather far beyond the head; 3rd joint conical, minute.

Antenne moderately pectinated to beyond half the length, simple

from thence to the tips. Legs stout, pilose; hind-tibiz with four

long spurs. Wings moderately broad. Fore-wings acute; costa

straight ; exterior border not oblique.

Allied to Rosama, Cat. Lep. Het. Ist Ser. 1066.

Gopha mixtipennis.

Mas.—Cinerea, fusco-conspersa, capite thoraceque viridibus,

alis anticis viridi variis, disco obscuré fusco, linea subcostali

alba, alis posticis marginem versus fuscis.

Male.—Cinereous, speckled with brown. Head above and

thorax grass-green. Abdomen above, and hind-wings towards

the exterior border brown, the latter with a whitish fringe.

Fore-wings varied with grass-green, which forms a zig-zag black-

marked sub-marginal line; disk irregularly dark-brown ; a shin-

ing white sub-costal line.

Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 14 lines.

Brazil.

Genus Cuapisra, n, g.

Feem.—Corpus robustum. Proboscis obsoleta. Palpi robusti,

ascendentes, frontem non superantes, articulis indistinctis.

Antenne sub-crenulatee. Thorax cristatus. Abdomen longi-

conicum, alas posticas sat superans. Ale elongate; antice

apice rotundatz, margine exteriore perobliquo.

Female.—Body stout. Proboscis obsolete. Palpi stout, as-

cending, not rising higher than the front; joints indistinct.

Antenne minutely crenulated. Thorax crested. Abdomen elon-

gate, conical, extending rather far beyond the hind-wings. Wings

VOL. I. THIRD SERIES, PART II.—MAY, 1862. nist

82 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

elongated. Fore-wings rounded at the tips ; exterior border very

oblique.

Allied to Rilia, Cat. Lep. Het. Ist Ser. 1075.

Chadisra bipars.

Feem.—Cinerea, palpis rufescentibus, alis anticis dimidio basali

ferrugineo anticé costam non attingente posticé excavato,

gutta basali nigra oblonga nigro-marginata, litura costali sub-

apicali elongata ferruginea nigro-marginata.

Female.—Cinereous. Palpireddish. Crest of the thorax with

black-tipped plumes. Fore-wings ferruginous for half the length

from the base; this hue partly black-bordered, not extending to

the costa, with two excavations by the interior border, and con-

taining a black oblong pale-bordered dot near the base; costa

with an elongated ferruginous black-bordered mark near the tip.

Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 20 lines.

Hindostan.

Fam. LIMACODIDZ.

Genus Mirgsa.

Miresa, Cat. Lep. Het. Ist Ser. 1123.

Miresa divergens.

Mas.—Luteo-cervina, capite thoraceque ex parte cinereis, alis

anticis fascia media obliqua albidd, fascidé exteriore tenui

nigra, alis posticis fuscescente cinereis.

Male.—Luteous fawn-colour, paler beneath. Head and thorax

partly cinereous. Palpi lanceolate, rather long. Antenne stout,

simple. Abdomen not extending beyond the hind-wings. Legs

thick, short. Wings rounded. Fore-wings brownish cinereous

beneath, obtuse at the tips; exterior border very convex; a

whitish oblique middle band, which on the costa is almost conti-

guous to an exterior slender black band, the latter diverging hind-

ward. Hind-wings brownish cinereous.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

South America.

Genus AtHRULA, nD. g.

Mas.—Corpus robustum. Proboscis obsoleta. Palpi porrecti,

lati, compressi, obtusi, frontem vix superantes. Antennze

late pectinatee. Thorax dense vestitus. Abdomen lineare.

Pedes breves, pilosi. Ale elongate, ample; antics sub-

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 83

acute, margine exteriore perobliquo; postice rotundate, ab-

domen paullo superantes.

Male.—Body stout. Proboscis obsolete. Palpi porrect, broad,

compressed, obtuse at the tips, extending very little beyond the

front. Antenne broadly pectinated. Thorax thickly clothed.

Abdomen linear. Legs short, pilose. Wings elongate, ample.

Fore-wings somewhat acute; costa hardly convex; exterior

border slightly convex, very oblique. Hind-wings rounded,

extending a little beyond the abdomen.

Athrula saturnioides.

Mas.—Rufescente fulva, alarum fascia Jaté lutea marginali

albido-marginata, alis anticis linea interiore albida flex, gutta

discali ferruginea, lined exteriore antice flexa.

Male.-—Reddish-tawny, with a cinereous tinge beneath. Wings

with an indistinct exterior reddish line, and a broad luteous mar-

ginal band, which is bordered with whitish, except towards the costa

of the fore-wings, where it is reddish; fringe cinereous, interlined

with brown. Fore-wings with an interior bent whitish line, and

with a ferruginous discal dot; exterior line bent, and diverging

in front from the marginal band.

Length of the body 43 lines; of the wings 14 lines.

Brazil.

Fam. DREPANULID/.

Genus ArHa.

Apha, Cat. Lep. Het. 1st Ser. p. 1180.

Apha® lanuginosa.

Mas.—Cinereo-cervina, palpis thorace pectore pedibusque densé

pilosis, antennis latissime pectinatis, alis latis quadrilineatis

densé vestitis, anticis subfalcatis.

Male.—Cinereous fawn-colour, Palpi, thorax, pectus and legs

densely pilose. Antenne very broadly pectinated. Wings broad,

densely clothed, with four indistinct, parallel, lunulate, slightly

darker lines. Fore-wings sub-falcate, with a straight, blackish,

double, oblique, very distinct exterior line, which is diffusedly

bordered with pale cinereous on its outer side. Hind-wings with

a single brown less distinct line, which has blackish points along

its outer side.

Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 24 lines.

Silhet.

G2:

84 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

Fam. SATURNIIDA.

Genus SosxeETRA, 0. g.

Mas.—Corpus sat robustum. Proboscis obsoleta. Palpi longi,

crassi, arcuati, dense pilosi, verticem attingentes. Antenne

laté pectinatze, apice filiformes. Abdomen longiusculum, alas

posticas sat superans. Pedes breviusculi, femoribus tibiis-

que anticis densissimé fimbriatis, tibiis posticis quadrical-

caratis. Ale parvule; anticee apice rotundate, margine

exteriore convexo sub-obliquo ; posticee sub-truncate.

Male.—Body rather short. Proboscis obsolete. Palpi long,

thickly curved, densely pilose, applied to the head and extending

to the vertex. Antenne broadly pectinated, filiform towards the

tips; branches successively decreasing in length. Abdomen

rather long, extending some distance beyond the hind-wings.

Legs rather short, fore- femora and fore-tibize very densely fringed ;

hind-tibize with four long spurs. Wings rather small. TF ore-

wings somewhat rounded at the tips; exterior border convex,

slightly oblique. Hind-wings slightly trunctated at the tips and

on the adjoining part of the exterior border.

Allied to Phaneta, Cat. Lep. Het. Ist Ser. 1382.

Sosxetra grata.

Mas.—Ochracea, thoracis fascid roseA, abdomine aurato, -alis

anticis cinereo-lineatis, fimbria luted rufo-nigroque notata,

litura discali flava nigro-marginata, alis posticis flavis anticé

ochraceis.

Male.—Orange, testaceous beneath, Palpi brown, testaceous

at the base, rosy on each side. Thorax with a rosy band in front,

and with a rosy streak along each of the tegule, which are very

long. Abdomen gilded, tufted at the tip; appendages large.

Legs whitish-testaceous ; fore-legs mostly rosy. Fore-wings with

a cinereous line along each of the areolets; fringe luteous, inter-

rupted by red and black white-specked marks; discal mark yellow,

black-bordered on the outer side. Hind-wings yellow, orange in

front, marginal marks like those of the fore-wings.

Length of the body & lines; of the wings 16 lines,

Brazil.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Fisq. 85

Fam. BOMBYCID&. |

Genus Lasiocampa, Schr.

Lasiocampa inobtrusa.

Mas.—Cervina, densissime pilosa, palpis sub-arcuatis, antennis

laté pectinatis, alis anticis trilineatis.

Male.—¥Fawn-colour, Body and legs densely pilose. Palpi

long, broad, pilose, slightly bent. Antennz broadly pectinated.

Fore-wings with three indistinct slightly darker lines; interior

line very indistinct, exterior line oblique, nearly straight, sub-

marginal line zigzag, parallel to the exterior line; discal mark

oblong, cinereous, brown-bordered, with a brown point in front of

it; exterior border convex. Hind-wings without markings.

Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 20 lines.

Hindostan.

Genus Capuara, n. g.

Mas.—Corpus cylindricum, incrassatum, densé pilosum. Pro-

boscis obsoleta. Palpi robusti, breves. Antenne valide,

breves, convolute. Abdomen alas posticas paullo superans.

Pedes breves, crassi. Ale ample, longissime ; anticee

acute, margine exteriore perobliquo; postice subacute.

Male.—Body cylindrical, very thick, densely clothed. Pro-

boscis obsolete. Palpi stout, short. Antennze thick, short, con-

voluted, pectinated ; branches short, stout. Abdomen extending

a little beyond the hind-wings. Legs short, thick. Wings ample,

very long. Fore-wings acute; costa slightly convex exteriorly ;

exterior border extremely oblique. Hind-wings slightly acute.

Allied to Megasoma, Boisd.

Caphara marginata.

Mas.—Rufescente ferruginea, abdomine supra luteo-cervino,

alarum anticarum fasciis indeterminatis cinereis litura discali

nigra, alis posticis albis semihyalinis margine latissimo rufe-

scente-ferrugineo.

Male.—Reddish-ferruginous, paler beneath. Abdomen above

Juteous fawn-colour. Fore-wings with a black discal mark, and

with oblique and very diffuse band of cinereous speckles. Hind-

wings white, semihyaline, with a very broad reddish-ferruginous

border. ‘

Length of the body 14 lines; of the wings 40 lines.

Port Natal.

86 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

Genus CisTiss, n. g.

Foem.—Corpus incrassatum. Proboscis obsoleta. Palpi vix

conspicui. Antennze filiformes, longiuscule. Thorax den-

sissimé pilosus. Abdomen apice densissimé Januginosum.

Pedes crassi, tibiis laté fimbriatis. Ale ample; anticee apice

rotundate, margine exteriore perobliquo.

Female.—Body very thick. Proboscis obsolete. Palpirudimen-

tary. Antenne filiform, rather long. Thorax very densely

clothed. Abdomen at the tip with a large mass of woolly hair.

Legs thick; tibize thickly and broadly fringed. Wings long,

ample. Fore-wings with the costa hardly convex exteriorly ;

tips rounded; exterior border extremely oblique. Hind-wings

rounded.

Allied to Eriogaster, Germ.

Cistissa expansa.

Foem.—Cinereo-fusea, thorace maculis duabus albido-cinereis,

abdomine pilis apicalibus albido-cinereis, alarum lineis ob-

scurioribus obliquis angulosis.

Female.—Cinereous-brown. Thorax with a whitish cinereous

spot on each side in front. Abdomen with an apical mass of

whitish cinereous hairs. Wings with two or three zigzag oblique

darker lines.

Length of the body 12 lines; of the wings 36 lines.

Country unknown.

Genus Tricuiura, Steph.

Trichiura? albiplaga.

Mas.—Fusca, luteo densissimé pilosa, alis breviusculis macula

‘discali magna alba sub-hyalina.

Male.—Brown. Body very thickly clothed with long luteous,

hairs. Wings short, with a large white nearly hyaline spot in the

disk of each; fringe pale cinereous.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

Cape.

Genus Batatara, n.g.

Mas.—Corpus crassum, densissimé pilosum. Proboscis obso-

Jeta. Palpi brevissimi. Antenne brevissime, latissimé pec-

tinata. Pedes breves, densissimé pilosi. Alz late, densé

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. BF

vestitee, margine interiore lanuginoso; antice sub-falcate,

non acute; posticee abdomen longe superantes.

Male.—Body thick, very densely pilose. Proboscis obsolete.

Palpi very short. Antennz very short, very broadly pectinated.

Legs short, very densely pilose. Wings broad, densely clothed

with long, thick-set lanuginous hairs along the interior border.

Fore-wings sub-falcate, not acute; exterior border straight.

Hind-wings rounded, extending much beyond the abdomen.

Allied to Bombyx, Hubn. (Cat. Lep. Het. Ist Ser. 1505),

Batatara fusifascia.

Mas.—Cinereo-fusca, antennis luteis, abdomine pallidé luteo,

alarum fasciis tribus obliquis diffusis albido-cinereis, anti-

carum litura discali indistinct& obscuré fusca.

Male.—Cinereous brown. Antenne luteous. Abdomen pale

Juteous. Wings with three whitish-cinereous, diffuse, oblique

bands, which are more distinct but less regular in the fore-wings

than in the hind-wings ; 3rd band undulating and sub-marginal in

the fore-wings, marginal in the bhind-wings. Fore-wings with a

dark brown indistinct discal mark.

Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 22 lines.

Amazon Region.

Fam. APAMIDA, Guén.

Sub-fam. XyLopHasipes, Guén.

Genus Lapuyema, Guén.

Laphygma obliterans.

Mas.—Pallidissimé cervina; antennez serrato-cillate; ale an-

ticee lituris fuscis, claviformi et orbiculari vix determinatis,

reniformi obscuro sub-quadrato, lineis interiore et exteriore

indistinctis, hac flexa, linea sub-marginali albida angulosa

valde indistincta; posticze albee.

Male.—Very pale fawn-colour, Antenne serrate-ciliate. Ab-

domen paler than the thorax. Fore-wings shining, with brown

markings; basal and orbicular marks slight, reniform mark dark

brown, sub:quadrate; interior and exterior lines slight, indis-

tinct, the latter bent; sub-marginal line whitish, zigzag, very

indistinct. Hind-wings white, shining.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

Cape.

* 88 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepdoptera

Fam. ORTHOSIDZ, Guén.

Genus Xanruia, Ochs.

Xanthia basalis.

_Lutea, capite subtus palpis alisque anticis basi roseis, abdomine

alisque posticis albidis, pedibus cinereis fusco-conspersis.

Luteous. Head beneath, palpi, and fore-wings at the base, rosy

red. Abdomen and hind-wings whitish. Legs cinereous, brown

speckled.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

Cape.

Fam. HADENIDA, Guén.

Genus Hapena, Treit.

Hadena inculta.

- Feem.—Cinereo-fusca, robusta, capite thoraceque pilosissimis,

palpis erectis articulo 30 minimo, alis anticis lineis liturisque

discalibus pallide cinereis nigro-marginatis, lineis la 2aque

undulatis, 3a flexa indistincta, 4a angulosa non marginata,

orbiculari et reniformi oblongis annularibus, hac ex parte

pallida, costa cinereo-punctata.

Female.—Cinereous-brown, stout. Head and thorax very

pilose. Palpi ascending, not rising higher than the vertex; 3rd

joint very minute. Antenne bare. Abdomen extending beyond

the hind-wings.. Legs stout ; hind tibiz with long spurs. Wings

moderately broad. Fore-wings sub-quadrate at the tips; lines

and discal marks pale cinereous, mostly black-bordered ; basal

and interior lines undulating ; exterior line bent, indistinct ; sub-

marginal line zigzag, not black-bordered; orbicular and reni-

form annular, oblong, the former a little smaller than the latter,

which is partly pale cinereous; costa straight, with pale cinereous

points ; exterior border oblique hindward.

Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 14 lines.

Cape.

Fam. XYLINIDZ, Guen.

Genus Epimecta, Gueén.

Epimecia angulata.

Feem.—Cervina, corpore albido, tibiis posticis sub-incrassatis,

alis anticis acutis, puncto discali vittaque angulata albis, striga

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 89

exteriore albida, linea sub-marginali vix undulata alba, stri-

gulis sub-marginalibus ex atomis nigris, spatio marginali pos-

tice nigro, punctis marginalibus fuscis, alis posticis cinereo

cervinis.

Female.—Body whitish. Frontal tuft prominent. Antennee

slender. Hind-tibiz slightly incrassated, with long spurs. Fore-

wings acute fawn-colour, with a white discal point, and with a

white angular stripe, which ends at a little beyond the point, and

is there connected with the end of a diffuse whitish streak, which

extends to the tip of the wing; a white, hardly undulating, sub-

marginal line, which is nearly parallel to the exterior border, and

has between it and the Ist line some slight short streaks, which

are composed of black speckles; marginal space whitish hind-

ward; marginal points brown; fringe whitish, doubly interlined

with pale brown; costa straight ; exterior border convex, very

oblique. Hind-wings cinereous fawn-colour ; fringe pale, not

interlined.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 16 lines.

Hindostan.

Fam. HELIOTHIDZ, Guén.

Genus Panemerta, Hubn.

Panemeria lateralis.

Mas.—Cupreo-fusca, subtus cinerea, palpis thoraceque antico

obscure ochraceis, abdominis lateribus luteis, alis posticis

luteo late vittatis.

Male.—Cupreous-brown, cinereous beneath. Palpi and fore-

border of the thorax dull ochraceous, the former broad, hirsute,

extending somewhat beyond the head. Abdomen with a luteous

line along each side. Wings shining. Hind-wings with a luteous

stripe, which is attenuated towards the interior border ; the latter

mostly luteous.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Hindostan.

Genus Gora, n. g.

Feem—Corpus robustum. Proboscis longiuscula. Palpi sub-

arcuati, sub-ascendentes, caput sat superantes, articulo 30

parvo. Antennz sat graciles. Abdomen sub-lineare, alas

posticas longe superans. ‘Tibize posticee valid, calcaribus

quatuor longissimis. Alz elongate, non late; anticee apice

90 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

rotundate, margine exteriore convexo; posticee margine ex-

teriore postico sub-truncato.

Female.—Body stout. Proboscis rather long. Palpi slightly

curved and ascending, extending somewhat beyond the head; 3rd

joint minute, conical. Antenne rather slender. Abdomen nearly

linear, except towards the tip, extending far beyond the hind-

wings. Legs moderately long; hind-tibiz stout, with four very

long spurs. Wings elongate, not broad. Fore-wings rounded at

the tips; exterior border convex, very slightly oblique. Hind-

wings with the exterior border slightly truncate hindward.

Allied to Anthecia, Boisd.

Gora equalis.

Feem. — Cinerea, fuscescente purpureo conspersa, abdominis

segmentis luteo-marginatis, alis fusesceente purpureis fimbria

luted, anticis cost4 interiore plagdque costali exteriore cinereis,

posticis vitta lutea abbreviata interrupta.

Female.—Cinereous, speckled with brownish-purple, whitish

cinereous beneath. Abdomen brownish-purple ; hind borders of

the segments and sides luteous. Wings brownish-purple; fringe

Juteous. Fore-wings with cinereous speckles ; costa towards the

base and an exterior costal patch cinereous, brownish-purple

speckled. Hind-wings with a broad discal abbreviated and

obliquely interrupted luteous stripe.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

Brazil. 7

Fam. ACONTIDE, Guén.

Genus Acontra, Ochs.

Acontia antica.

Mas.— Alba, squamosa, thorace alisque anticis chalybeo-fuscis,

abdomine alisque posticis fuscescente cinereis, his fimbria

alba, alis anticis costa margineque exteriore ex parte albis.

Male.—White, squamous. Thorax chalybeous brown, except in

front. Abdomen and hind-wings brownish-cinereous, the latter with

a white fringe. Fore-wings chalybeous-brown, broadly white along

the costa, except towards the tips; this hue interrupted by an

oblique brownish streak ; exterior border white, with the excep-

tion of some sub-marginal brownish spots and a row of elongated

black marginal points.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 9 lines.

Natal.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 9

Genus AZAMORA.

Azamora, Cat. Lep. Het., 3rd Ser. 1757.

Azamora basiplaga.

Mas.—Rufescente cervina, fasciculo frontali conspicuo, palpis

nigricante fuscis, tibiis posterioribus dense fimbriatis, alis

anticis spatio intermedio pallidiore, lineis duabus transversis

albis, 24 arcuata, alis posticis cinereo-fuscis.

Male.—Reddish-fawn colour, cinereous brown beneath. Frontal

tuft prominent, acute. Palpi blackish-brown, obliquely ascending,

hardly rising higher than the vertex ; 3rd joint conical, about one-

sixth of the length of the 2nd. Antenne simple. Posterior tibice

densely fringed. Wings rather broad. Fore-wings rectangular,

paler at the base; costa dilated towards the base, slightly concave

in the middle ; two transverse white lines including between them

nearly half the surface of the wings; this space is paler than the

rest of the surface and especially so towards the interior line, which

is curved. Hind-wings cinereous brown.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 14 lines.

Amazon Region.

Fam. ANTHOPHILID, Dup.

Genus Hyprezia, Guén.

Hydrelia? curvifera.

Feem.—F errugineo-fusca, subtus albida, capite antico thoracisque

lateribus anticis albis, palpis porrectis securiformibus, tibiis

posticis fimbriatis, alis anticis subfalcatis, vittis duabus (una

subcostali, altera discali arcuata) connexis fasciaque marginali

guttas fuscas includente albidis, alis posticis cinereo-fuscis.

Female.—Coffee-brown, whitish beneath. Head white in front.

Palpi porrect, short, securiform, extending a little beyond the head,

Antenne short, smooth. Thorax white on each side. Abdomen

not extending beyond the hind-wings. Hind-tibize fringed ; spurs

long. Fore-wings subfalcate, with a whitish marginal band, which

contains the brown marginal dots; a whitish short curved stripe

in the disk, forming a loop with the whitish sub-costal stripe,

which is interrupted and irregular exteriorly ; the inclosed space

blackish streaked. Hind-wings cinereous-brown.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

~ Ceylon.

92 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

Genus XAanTHOPTERA, Guén.

Xanthoplera? alboflava.

Mas.—F lava, abdomine pallide testaceo, alis anticis acutis nigro-

triguttatis, gutta la sub-costali, 2a discali, 3a postica inte- —

riore, linea exteriore indistincta undulata spatioque marginali

cervinis, alis posticis albis margine exteriore fuscescente.

Male.—Yellow, shining. Head wanting. Abdomen pale tes-

taceous, not extending beyond the hind-wings. Hind-tibize with

very long spurs. Fore-wings acute, with three black points; the

Ist near the costa, in front of the 2nd, which represents the reni-

form mark; 3rd hindward in the disk and nearer the base; an

indistinct exterior undulating fawn-coloured line; marginal space

mostly fawn-colour; costa straight; exterior berder convex,

slightly oblique. Hind-wings white, with a brownish tinge along

the exterior border.

Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

Honduras.

Xanthoptera? cupreoviridis.

Foem.—Flavescente viridis, subtus alba, abdomine alisque pos-

ticis albis, alis anticis costa interiore rufescente, macula dis-

cali spatioque marginali rufescente cupreis.

Female.— Yellowish-green, white beneath. Abdomen white,

not extending beyond the hind-wings. Fore-wings with a diffuse

reddish tinge along the costa, extending from the base to the

round reddish cupreous discal spot; marginal space irregularly

reddish cupreous, diffusedly reddish-bordered on the inner side.

Hind-wings white.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

West Africa.

Genus Antuopuita, Ochs.

Anthophila? plana.

Mas.— Albido-cervina, robusta, palpis validis ascendentibus

articulo 30 brevissimo, antennis ciliatis, pedibus posticis

longis robustis, alis fusco sub-conspersis linea marginali fusca,

alis anticis lineis duabus albidis obliquis sub-undulatis, la

“antice obsoleta, spatio intermedio pallide fusco, alis posticis

linea exteriore fuscescente denticulata antice obsoleta.

Male.—Whitish fawn-colour, stout. Palpi stout, obliquely as-

cending, not rising higher than the vertex; 3rd joint extremely

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 93

short, Antenne thickly and minutely ciliated. Hind-legs long,

stout; spurs moderately long. Wings very thinly and minut: ly

brown-speckled ; marginal line brown; fringe long, whitish. Fore-

wings with two whitish oblique slightly undulating lines; the Ist

obsolete in front; space between them mostly pale brown; costa

straight; tips rounded, exterior border rather oblique. Hind-

wings with a brownish exterior denticulated line, which is obsolete

in front. :

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Hindostan.

Fam. EURHIPID, Guén.

Genus PeniciLnAria, Guén.

Penicillaria Areusa.

Mas.—Cinereo-rufescens, subtus lutescens, palpis crassis densé

pilosis, antennis -vix pubescentibus, alis anticis nebulosis albo-

tinctis basi viridibus, lineis tribus nigris dentatis, duabus

duplicatis, linea submarginali angulosa indistincta, orbiculari

et reniformi magnis albis, alis posticis lutescentibus fusco

laté marginatis.

Male.—Cinereous-reddish, somewhat luteous beneath. Palpi

thick, obliquely ascending, densely pilose; 3rd joint conical, about

one-fourth of the length of the 2nd. Antenne stout, hardly

pubescent. Fore-wings clouded, grass-green at the base, here

and there tinged with white; interior, middle and exterior lines

black, dentate, the first and the last double; sub-marginal line

zigzag, indistinct, interrupted in front by two black streaks; mar-

ginal lunules black; fringe denticulated; orbicular and reniform

marks white, large, distinct, the latter narrow in front. Hind-

wings dull pale luteous, with a broad brown border, which in-

cludes a pale dentate sub-marginal line; interior border whitish,

with oblique black marks.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

Amazon Region. )

Genus Erysruia, n. g.

Foem.—Corpus sat validum. Proboscis longa, gracilis. Palpi

porrecti, graciles, brevissimi, articulo 30 acuto minimo, An-

tenn graciles, simplices, longiuscule. Abdomen alas posticas

vix superans. Pedes breves, graciles; tibiae posticz calcari-

bus quatuor longis. Alee antice apice subrotundate, margine

exteriore convexo,

94 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

Female.—Body moderately stout. Proboscis long, slender.

Palpi porrect, slender, very short, not extending so far as the

front; 8rd joint acute, extremely minute. Antenne slender,

simple, rather long. Abdomen hardly extending beyond the

hind-wings. Legs smooth, slender; hind-tibiz with four long

spurs. Wings not broad. Fore-wings somewhat rounded at the

tips; exterior border convex, rather oblique.

Erysthia obliquata.

Feem.—Albida, squamosa, capite thoraceque antico fuscis, alis

anticis ex parte fuscis albo-trilineatis, linea 14 basali, 24 ob-

liqua, lituré diseali lunulata obscuré fusca, macula posticd

nigricante fusca.

Female.—Iridescent whitish, squamous. Head above and fore-

border of the thorax brown. ‘Thorax with brown-tipped plumes.

Fore-wings with three white lines; Ist line proceeding from the

base to the disk, parallel to the interior border, broadly and

diffusedly brown-bordered in front; 2nd line oblique, beyond the

dark brown lunulate discal mark, very broadly brown-bordered

on the outer side; this brown hue mostly continued to the exterior

border, but intersected by the 3rd white line; marginal points

brown; a blackish-brown spot near the interior border between

the 2nd and 3rd lines.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

Country unknown.

Fam. PLUSID&, Boisd.

Genus Rapara, n.g.

Mas.—Corpus gracile. Fasciculus frontalis productus. _Pro-

boscis distincta. Palpi compressi, caput longissimé supe-

rantes. Antenne densé pubescentes. Abdomen cylindricum,

sub-carinatum, lateribus posticis fasciculatis. Pedes longi,

graciles; tibiae posticze calcaribus quatuor longis. Ale

latiuscule ; anticee rectangulate, costa intermedia sub-

depressa.

Mole.—Body slender. Frontal tuft prominent. Proboscis dis-

tinct. Palpi long, compressed, extending very far beyond the

head; 8rd joint lanceolate, shorter and more slender than the

2nd. Antennz thickly pubescent. Abdomen cylindrical, slightly

keeled, with minute tufts.on each side towards the tip; apical

tufts longer than the preceding pairs. Legs long, slender; hind

tibize with four long spurs. Wings rather broad. Fore-wings

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 95

rectangular; costa slightly depressed in the middle; exterior

border slightly oblique.

This genus seems to be somewhat allied to the Herminide.

Radara vacillans.

Mas.—Cinereo-cervina, abdominis segmentis albo-marginatis,

alis anticis albido fuscoque quadrilineatis, lineis duabus rectis

obliquis albidis fusco-marginatis, lineis interiore et exteriore

fuscis deviis incompletis, gutta discali nigricante, costa albo-

tripunctata, alis posticis cinereo-fuscis.

Male.—-Cinereous fawn-colour, more cinereous beneath. Ab-

dominal segments white-bordered. Fore-wings with two straight

oblique whitish brown-bordered lines, which converge hindward ;

interior and exterior lines brown, slight, irregular, incomplete ; a

blackish discal dot near the outer border of the Ist line; costa

with three white points near the tip; marginal line dark brown,

as it is also in the cinereous brown hind wings.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

Cape.

Fam. GONOPTERIDE, Guén.

Genus CotrozBara, n. g.

Fom.—Corpus robustum. Proboscis distincta. Palpi lineares,

obliqué ascendentes, articulo 30 sub-obsoleto. Antenne

glabre, longiusculee. Abdomen alas posticas sat superans.

Pedes robusti, leeves ; tibize posticee calcaribus quatuor longis.

Ale anticee rectangulatee, costa recta basi convexé.

Female.—Body stout. Proboscis distinct. Palpi linear, ob-

liquely ascending, not rising higher than the front; 3rd joint

almost obsolete. Antennze smooth, rather long. Abdomen ex-

tending rather beyond the hind-wings. Legs stout, smooth; hind-

tibiz with four long spurs. Wings rather broad. Fore-wings

rectangular; costa straight, slightly convex towards the base ;

exterior border hardly oblique, except towards the interior angle.

Allied to Anomis, Hubn.

Cottobara concinna.

Foem.—Rufescente cervina, thorace antico saturaté ferrugineo-

rufo, alis anticis testaceo-quadrilineatis, puncto discali interiore

testaceo, reniformi e punctis duabus nigris albo-notatis, linea

sub-marginali e punctis albis nigro-notatis, alis posticis nigri-

cante fuscis.

96 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

Female.—Reddish fawn-colour. Thorax in front deep ferru-

ginous red. Wings beneath brown, with pale cinereous borders.

Fore-wings paler hindwand, with four oblique but not parallel

testaceous lines ; a testaceous point between the Ist and 2nd lines ;

reniform mark distinguished by two black white-marked points

between the 2nd and 8rd lines; sub-marginal line composed of

white black-marked points. Hind-wings blackish-brown; fringe

cinereous. . |

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 12 lines,

Amazon Region.

Fam. AMPHIPYRIDZ, Guén.

Genus GaruarA, n. g.

Mas.—Corpus robustum. Proboscis valida. Palpi erecti, sub-

arcuati, caput non superantes, articulo 3o lanceolato. An-

tenn simplices. Abdomen alas posticas paullo superans.

Pedes robusti; tibize posticee calcaribus quatuor longis.

Alze margine exteriore subflexo ; anticze sub-quadrate.

Male.—Body stout. Proboscis robust. Palpi vertical, slightly

curved, not rising higher than the head; 3rd joint lanceolate,

about half the length of the 2nd. Antenne simple. Abdomen

extending a little beyond the hind-wings. Legs stout; hind

tibize with four long spurs. Wings moderately broad ; exterior

border very slightly bent. Fore-wings sub-quadrate at the tips.

Allied to Amphipyra.

Gaphara sobria.

Mas.—Cinereo-fusca, alis anticis lineis interiore et exteriore nigri-

cantibus sub-undulatis albido diffusé marginatis, lineé sub-

marginali nigricante dentata extus ]uteo-marginata, orbiculari

et reniformi sub-luteis fusco-marginatis, alis posticis albidis

fusco-marginatis. a

Male.—Cinereous-brown. Abdomen cinereous. Fore-wings

with the interior and exterior lines blackish, slightly undulating,

very diffusely whitish-bordered; sub-marginal line blackish,

dentate, luteous-bordered on the outer side; orbicular and reni-

form marks slightly luteous, brown-bordered, the former large

and round. Hind-wings whitish, with diffuse brown borders ;

underside with a blackish discal dot.

Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 12 lines.

Country unknown.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. © 97

Genus Nznia, Steph.

Nenia signiplena.

Mas.—Ferruginea, alis anticis lineis duabus subrectis sub-

obliquis fasciisque duabus deviis interruptis nigricante fuscis

cinereo-marginatis, fascid 3a marginali fusca pallido-mar-

ginata lineam marginalem obscuriorem includente, alis pos-

ticis cinereo-fuscis litura discali nigricante.

Male.—Ferruginous, cinereous speckled, with a luteous tinge

beneath. Palpi stout, obliquely ascending, 3rd joint conical, about

one-fourth of the length of the 2nd. Antenne rather long, minutely

ciliated. Legs with black bands; middle tibiz mostly thickly

tufted with pale hairs ; hind-tibiz with two pair of spurs of un-

equal -length, one of the Ist pair extremely long. Fore-wings

acute, with two blackish-brown, cinereous-bordered, slightly

oblique, nearly straight and parallel lines which intersect two

interrupted and very irregular bands of the same colour; 3rd

band marginal, brown, also pale-bordered, deeply dentate, black-

ish-brown by the costa, inclosing a blackish-brown, pale-bordered

marginal line composed of small triangles; underside with some

vestiges of the above markings. Hind-wings cinereous brown,

with a blackish discal mark and a pale fringe; discal mark much

more conspicuous beneath, where there is an exterior line of black

pale-bordered dots.

Length of the body 5? lines; of the wings 12 lines,

Amazon Region.

Fam. HOMOPTERIDA, Boisd.

Genus Homorrtera, Boisd.

Homoptera discalis.

Foem. — Ferrugineo-fusca; alis cinereo-conspersis lined sub-

marginali atra, linea media minus conspicua, alis anticis acutis,

margine exteriore flexo, lined interiore nigra undulata, or-

biculari et reniformi albo-marginatis, alis posticis pallido

extus bilineatis.

_ Female.—F erruginous-brown. Frontal tuft prominent, angular.

Palpi very long, obliquely ascending; 2nd joint thickly fringed

with short hairs beneath ; 3rd linear, much more slender than the

2nd and hardly half its length. Wings with numerous pale ci-

nereous speckles, which are most prevalent on the fore-wings and

appear only towards the base of the hind-wings; sub-marginal

line deep black, most conspicuous on the fore-wings; middle line

VOL. I, THIRD SERIES, PART I1.—May, 1862, H

98 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

less distinct; marginal points black; marginal space speckled

with pale fawn-colour ; underside with numerous irregular luteous

speckles. Fore-wings acute ; exterior border distinctly bent ; in-

terior line black, undulating; orbicular and reniform marks large,

white-bordered, most distinct on the underside. Hind-wings with

two exterior parallel, nearly contiguous pale lines. Underside with

a white discal mark.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 16 lines.

Brazil.

Homoptera gratiosa.

Foem.—Obscuré fusca, alis purpurascente sub-tinctis, margine

exteriore sub-dentato, lineis quatuor nigris undulatis testaceo-

marginatis, punctis marginalibus nigris albido-notatis, reni-

formi hyalino notata, alis anticis strigd basali nigra, punctis

tribus costalibus ‘sub-apicalibus.

Femate.—-Dark brown, cinereous beneath towards the base of

the wings. Palpi very long; 3rd joint linear, more slender and

rather shorter than the 2nd. Wings slightly purplish-tinged, with

the exterior border slightly dentate ; the four lines black, undu-

lating, testaceous-bordered, more or less diffuse; interior line

contiguous to a short black streak, which proceeds from the hinder

base of the fore-wings; exterior line reflexed towards the costa

of the fore-wings; sub-marginal line less distinct than the others ;

marginal points black, whitish marked; reniform mark of the

usual shape, with a white hyaline disk, very small and imdistinct

in the hind-wings; underside with the lines obsolete, except the

exterior line, which is distinct and limits the testaceous streaks

which prevail towards the base. Fore-wings with three costal

sub-apical points ; underside with three white dots near the fore

end of the exterior border.

Length of the body 44 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Amazon Region.

Homoptera punctilinea.

Mas.—Fusca, subtus cinerea, sat robusta, palpis porrectis

parvis, antennis sub-ciliatis, abdomine acuminato, calcaribus

longissimis, alis anticis nigro-conspersis et nebulosis, orbiculari

et reniformi nigris parvis, lineis quatuor pallide cervinis nigro-

marginatis, la, 2aque sub-undulatis, 3a flexa, 4a angulata

indistincta, lunulis punctisque marginalibus nigris.

Male.—Brown, cinereous beneath, moderately stout. Palpi

porrect, short; 3rd joint minute. Antenne minutely ciliated.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 99

Abdomen acuminated, not extending beyond the hind-wings.

Hind-tibizee with very long apical spurs. Wings moderately

broad. Fore-wings with minute black speckles, which are con-

fluent between the basal and interior lines and about the apical

part of the costa; orbicular and reniform marks black, small ; four

pale fawn-coloured black-bordered lines; basal and exterior lines

slightly undulating ; exterior line angular, bent ; sub-marginal line

zigzag, more indistinct ; marginal lunules black, accompanied by

black points; fringe long, full. Hind-wings black-speckled, with

marginal lunules and with some traces of the other lines.

Length of the body 34 lines; of the wings 9 lines.

Brazil.

Fam. POAPHILIDA, Guén.

Genus ConparTeE, n. g.

Feem.—Corpus robustum. Proboscis brevis. Palpi obliqué as-

cendentes, compressi, longissimi; articulus 3us lanceolatus,

20 brevior. Thorax squamosus. Abdomen alas posticas

non superans. Pedes robusti; tibiz postice calcaribus

quatuor longissimis. Ale breviuscule, latiuscule ; anticee

vix falcatae, costa subrecta, margine exteriore vix obliquo.

Female.—Body stout. Proboscis short. Palpi compressed,

very long, obliquely ascending, rising much higher than the head ;

2nd joint elongate-fusiform ; 3rd lanceolate, shorter than the 2nd.

Thorax squamous. Abdomen conical, not extending beyond the

hind-wings. Legs stout, not long; hind-tibize with two pair of

very long spurs. Wings rather short and broad. Fore-wings

hardly falcate; costa almost straight; exterior border convex,

‘hardly oblique.

Allied to Poaphila, Guén.

Condate hypenoides.

Faem.—Obscuré cinereo-rufescens, alis nigro-conspersis purpu-

rascente sub-tinctis, linea exteriore rufa sub-recta flavescente

marginata, linea sub-marginali angulosa vix conspicué, alis an-

ticis lined interiore sub-undulata, reniformi e guttis duabus

nigris pallidé marginatis, maculis duabus exterioribus nigris

diffusis.

Female.—Dark cinereous-reddish, brownish-cinereous beneath.

Wings minutely black-speckled, slightly purplish-tinged ; exterior

line brighter red, yellowish-bordered, nearly straight ; submar-

ginal line zig-zag, very indistinct; marginal points black, yel-

H 2

100 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

lowish-marked. Fore-wings with black marks along the costa ;

interior line much like the exterior one, but slightly undulating ;

reniform mark composed of two black, pale-bordered dots ;

exterior line with two diffuse black spots by its outer border, one

discal, the other costal.

Leneth of the body 5 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

China.

Genus Puurys, Guén.

Phurys continua.

Mas.—Cinereo-fusca, alis litura discali nigricante, alis anticis

acutis vix falcatis, lineis interiore et exteriore sub-obliquis

fere rectis pallidé cinereis, lined submarginali undulata, alis

posticis lituris nullis.

Male.—Cinereous-brown, paler beneath. Proboscis rather

long. Palpi porrect, extending rather beyond the head; 3rd

joint elongate, conical, more than half the length of the 2nd. An-

tennz simple. Legs thick; tarsi slender; hind-tibiz with four

long spurs. Wings with a pale marginal line at the base of the

fringe ; discal mark blackish, most distinct on the underside of

the hind-wings. Fore-wings acute, hardly subfalcate; interior and

exterior lines pale cinereous, nearly straight and parallel, slightly

oblique ; sub-marginal line undulating, less distinct. Hind-wings

without markings.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 14 lines.

Genus AstHana, n. g.

Mas.—Corpus sat gracile. Proboscis brevis. Palpi longi, com-

pressi, oblique ascendentes, frontem paullo superantes ;_arti-

culus 3us conicus, brevissimus. Antenne pectinate, ramis

pubescentibus. Thorax tegulis quadratis. Abdomen lon-

gissimum, sub-cylindricum, alas posticas longe superans.

Pedes longiusculi, calcaribus ineequalibus. Ale latiuscule ;

anticee sub-rotundatze, costa feré recta, margine exteriore vix

obliquo. ;

Male.—Body rather slender. Proboscis short. Palpi long,

compressed, obliquely ascending, rising a little higher than the

front ; 3rd joint conical, about one-sixth of the length of the 2nd.

Antennz moderately pectinated to the tips ; branches pubescent.

Tegule of the thorax quadrate. Abdomen very long, nearly

cylindrical, extending far beyond the hind-wings. Legs rather

long; spurs of unequal length, one of the Ist pair very long.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 101

Wings rather broad. Fore-wings slightly rounded at the tips ;

costa almost straight; exterior border hardly oblique.

Allied to Mocis, Hubn.

Asthana erecta.

- Mas.—Pallidé cervina, capite thoraceque antico obscurioribus,

alis anticis lineis interiore et sub-marginali fuscescentibus un-

dulatis indistinctis, macula posticé nigricante, fascia sub-

marginali fusca recta optimé determinata non obliqua, orbi-

culari nigra punctiformi, reniformi e punctis duobus nigris.

Male.—Pale fawn-colour, pale luteous beneath. Head and

forepart of the thorax deeper fawn-colour. Wings with black

marginal points. Fore-wings with the interior and the sub-

marginal lines brownish, slender, undulating, indistinct, the latter

terminating hindward in a blackish spot, which adjoins a straight,

upright, very distinct brown band ; orbicular mark black, puncti-

form; reniform mark of two black points. Hind-wings beneath

with a blackish discal mark, and an exterior curved blackish line,

which is also apparent beneath the fore-wings.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

Country unknown.

Asthana directa.

Mas.—Pallidé cinerea, capite thoracisque tegulis cervinis, his

nigricante marginatis, palpis ascendentibus articulo 30 parvo,

antennis serratis ciliatis, abdomine longo attenuato, alis an-

ticis acutis nigricante sub-conspersis, guttis duabus discalibus

unaque basali liturisque duabus obliquis costalibus nigris,

linea exteriore cervinad subrect& vix obliqua nigricante mar-

ginata, linea sub-marginali tenui angulosa punctisque mar-

ginalibus nigris.

Male.— Pale cinereous, slender. Head fawn-colour. Palpi

fawn-colour, compressed, fringed, ascending, rising higher than

the vertex ; 3rd joint conical, much more slender than the 2nd,

and about one-fourth of its length. Antenne serrate, ciliate.

Tegule of the thorax fawn-coloured, blackish bordered. Abdo-

men thickly brown-speckled, attenuated, extending much beyond

the hind-wings. Tibiz slightly dilated; tarsi much longer than

the tibie; spurs long. Fore-wings acute, thinly and irregularly

blackish-speckled, with a black discal dot near the base, with two

black dots representing the reniform mark, with two black oblique

costal marks, and with a fawn-coloured, almost straight and

upright exterior line, which is blackish-bordered on both sides

102 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

and is connected with a costal mark by a little streak on the inner

side; sub-marginal line black, slender, zigzag ; marginal points

black; costa and exterior border hardly convex; interior angle

well defined. Hind-wings brownish along the exterior border ;

marginal points blackish, Jarger than those of the fore-wings ;

underside with a blackish discal point, and a blackish curved ex-

terior line.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

Brazil.

Genus BAniana.

Baniana, Cat. Lep. Het. 3rd Ser. 1843.

Sect. 2.

Mas.—Corpus sat gracile, Fasciculus frontalis productus.

Proboscis distincta. Palpi obliqué ascendentes, frontem

non superantes, articulo 80 minimo. Antenne longiuscule,

sub-pectinatee. Abdomen alas posticas longé superans.

Pedes longiusculi, sat robusti. Ale anticee acutee, vix fal-

cate.

Male.—Body rather slender. Frontal tuft prominent. Pro-

boscis distinct. Palpi obliquely ascending, not rising higher than

the front; 2nd joint broad; 3rd conical, not more than one-

eighth of the length of the 2nd. Antenne rather long, slightly

pectinated. Abdomen cylindric-conical, extending much beyond

the hind-wings. Legs rather long and stout; hind-tibize with the

Ist pair of spurs much longer than the 2nd. Wings rather small.

Fore-wings acute, but hardly falcate; costa straight; exterior

border convex, moderately oblique. Hind-wings rounded.

Baniana nequalis.

Mas.—Cinerascente-cervina, alis anticis nigro-lineatis, gutta

basali nigra, linea interiore pallido-marginata apud costam

posticeque dilatata, linea exteriore costam versus obsoleta

intus pallido-marginata extus diffusa, reniformi magna, orbi-

culari punctiformi, alis posticis cinereo-fuscis.

Male.—Fawn-colour, slightly tinged with cinereous, cinereous

brown beneath. Fore-wings with a black basal dot, and with a

black, pale-bordered interior line, which is much dilated on the

costa, and still more hindward, where it forms a triangular black

spot; exterior line black, obsolete towards the costa, concisely

pale-bordered on the inner side, diffuse on the outer side, inter-

secting the reniform mark, which is large and open; orbicular

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 103

mark forming a black, pale-bordered point; sub-marginal line

blackish, zigzag; marginal lunules black. Hind-wings cinereous

brown.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

Brazil.

Genus Gammace, n. g.

Mas.—Corpus robustum. Proboscis longiuscula. Palpi por-

recti, longissimi; articulus 3us linearis, acuminatus, 2i dimi-

dio longior. Antenne ciliate. Abdomen alas posticas sat

superans. Pedes longiusculi, sat graciles, calcaribus qua-

tuor longis. Ale latiuscule, non longe ; anticze sub-rotun-

date.

Male.—Body stout. Proboscis rather long. Palpi porrect,

very long, extending very far beyond the head; 3rd joint linear,

acuminated at the tip, more slender than the 2nd, and more than

half its length. Antenne ciliated. Abdomen elongate-conical,

extending rather beyond the hind-wings. Legs rather long and

slender ; hind-tibize with four long spurs. Wings rather broad,

not long. Fore-wings slightly rounded at the tips; exterior

border slightly convex and oblique.

Allied to Baniana.

Gammace magniplaga.

Mas.—Cinereo-cervina, capite fusco, thoracis tegulis nigricante

fuscis, fasciculo apicali nigricante zeneo, alis linea exteriore

fuscescente Junulata, lined sub-marginali e punctis nigris,

alarum anticarum plaga costali magna sub-apicali nigricante

fusca albido-marginaté, orbiculari parva fusca, reniformi

magna elongata albido-marginata.

Male.-—Cinereous fawn-colour, more cinereous beneath. Head

brown. Thorax with blackish-brown tegule, and with an apical

tuft of blackish geneous plumes. Wings with the exterior line

brownish, composed of lunules, more distinct on the underside ;

a sub-marginal line of black points; marginal points also black.

Fore-wings with a large costal, sub-apical, blackish-brown, whitish-

bordered patch; orbicular mark brown, punctiform; reniform

mark large, elongated, whitish-bordered, adjoining the patch.

Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 14 lines.

Brazil.

104 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

Fam. REMIGIDA, Guén.

Genus Remieia, Guén.

Remigia consistens.

Cinerea, cervino-subtincta, capite thoraceque antico fuscescente

cinereis, antennis sub-pubescentibus, alis nigricante consper-

sis, lined interiore indistincta, linea exteriore fusca recta dis-

tinct& costam versus dentatA et retracta, linea sub-marginali

angulos& nigricante guttata, margine exteriore vix angulato,

alis anticis sub-falcatis, reniformi parva alba fusco-mar-

ginata.

Cinereous, with a slight tinge of fawn-colour. Head and fore-

part of the thorax brownish cinereous. Third joint of the palpi

about half the length of the 2nd. Antenne thinly pubescent.

Wings minutely blackish-speckled ; interior line indistinct ; ex-

terior line brown, straight, distinct, dentate and abruptly retracted

towards the costa; sub-marginal line zigzag, indistinct, with the

exception of the black dots by which it is marked; marginal

festoon brown, pale-bordered ; exterior border hardly angular.

Fore-wings sub-falcate, with a diffuse blackish mark between the

exterior line and the sub-marginal line, and opposite the reniform

mark ; the latter small, white, brown-bordered, excavated on the

outer side.

Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 18 lines.

Brazil.

Genus GaneRra, n. g.

Fcem.—Corpus sat robustum. _Proboscis mediocris. Palpi

validi, obliqué ascendentes, caput non superantes ; articulus

3us linearis, brevissimus. Antenne simplices. Abdomen

alas posticas non superans. Pedes robusti; tibiz posticze

calcaribus quatuor longis. Ala anticee sub-falcate, margine

exteriore subflexo.

Female.—Body rather stout. Proboscis moderately long.

Palpi stout, obliquely ascending, not rising higher than the head ;

8rd joint linear, not more than one-sixth of the length of the 2nd.

Antenne simple. Abdomen not extending beyond the hind-

wings. Legs stout; hind-tibie with four long spurs. Wings

moderately broad. Fore-wings sub-falcate ; exterior border very

slightly bent.

Allied to Remigia, Guén.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 105

Gangra atripustula.

Foem.—Cervina, subtus lutea, alee lineis tribus nigricantibus

denticulatis albido-marginatis, alis anticis orbiculari albida

punctiformi, reniformi magna oblongé albido sub-marginata,

alis posticis macula discali interiore magna atra albido-mar-

ginata. | |

Female. —Fawn-colour, luteous beneath. Fore-legs brown,

with whitish bands. Wings with the interior, exterior and sub-

marginal lines blackish, denticulated, whitish-bordered, most dis-

tinct on the underside ; marginal points black. Fore-wings with

the orbicular mark whitish, punctiform; reniform mark large,

oblong, incompletely whitish-bordered. _Hind-wings with a large

deep, black, whitish-bordered discal spot on the interior line.

Country unknown.

Fam. FOCILLID A, Guén.

Genus Fociua, Guén.

Focilla abrupta.

Mas.—Fuscescente ferruginea, fasciculo frontali obtuso albido-

marginato, alis margine exteriore anticé recto, posticé bisin-

ciso, lineis interiore et exteriore fuscis undulatis angulatis

luteo-marginatis costam versus abrupté retractis, linea media

nigricante undulata indistincta, alis anticis spatio apicali cer-

vino strigam fuscescente ferrugineam maculamque costalem

pallidam trigonam includente.

Male.—Brownish-ferruginous, with a slight cinereous tinge.

Front very prominent, slightly whitish-bordered, obtuse at

the tip. Wings with the exterior border straight in front,

with two excavations hindward; interior and exterior lines

brown, undulating, angular, luteous-bordered, abruptly retracted

towards the costa of the fore-wings; middle line blackish, undu-

lating, indistinct; sub-marginal points whitish, black-marked ;

underside with a single, straight, oblique, brown whitish-bordered

line. Fore-wings with the apical part fawn-colour; this space

including a brownish-ferruginous streak, and a pale triangular

costal spot, reniform mark large, oblong, pale fawn-colour,. with a

brownish disk.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 16 lines,

Amazon Region.

106 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

Fam. AMPHIGONIDZA, Guén.

Genus Erisparis.

Episparis, Cat. Lep. Het. 3rd Ser. 475, 1712.

Episparis exprimens.

Mas.—Qchracea, subtus albida, fasciculo frontali producto,

tiblis posticis densissimé fasciculatis, alarum lineis tribus ob-

scurioribus sub-obsoletis, lineé sub-marginali alba intus e

atomis albis diffusé marginata, orbiculari parva nigricante

fusca, alis anticis lined interiore angulata, reniformi alba

hyalina.

Male.—-Ochraceous, whitish beneath. Frontal tuft prominent.

Palpi obliquely ascending ; 3rd joint conical, hardly one-fourth of

the length of the 2nd. Antennze moderately pectinated to three-

fourths of the length; hind-tibize most densely tufted. Wings

with three almost obsolete darker ochraceous lines; a white sub-

marginal line, which is curved in front, and forms one angle in

each wing, and is diffusely bordered with white speckles on the

inner side; orbicular mark small, blackish-brown. Fore-wings

with an abruptly angular interior white line, with elongated white

marks along the costa, and with a white, hyaline, reniform mark,

which is curved and attenuated in front. Hind-wings with an

exterior rectangular white line.

Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 18 lines.

Hindostan.

Fam. THERMESIDZ&, Guén.

Genus TuErmesta, Hiibn.

Thermesia? absumens.

Mas.—Rufescente-cinerea, palpis longissimis, articulo 20 fas-

ciculato, alis latis, lined exteriore recta cinerea intus ferru-

gineo-marginata costam versus angulataé, margine exteriore

vix angulato, alis anticis sub-falcatis, reniformi magna atra

excavata.

Male.— Reddish-cinereous. Palpi ascending, nearly twice the

length of the breadth of the head; 3rd joint much shorter than

the 2nd, tufted above. Antenne slender, simple. Wings broad,

with a cinereous straight exterior line, which is ferruginous-bor-

dered on the inner side, and is abruptly angular towards the costa

of the fore-wings; exterior border hardly angular. Fore-wings

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 107

acute, sub-falcate; costa testaceous, brown-speckled; reniform

mark deep black, large, excavated on the outer side. Hind-wings

with a black discal point.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 14 lines.

Amazon Region.

Genus SELENIs, Guén.

Selenis divisa.

Cinereo-fusca, capite thoraceque antico obscuré fuscis, thorace

postico abdomineque basi albido-luteis, alarum lineis nigri-

cantibus dentatis vix conspicuis, alarum anticarum vittA

costali lata albido-lutea.

Cinereous-brown. Head and forepart of the thorax dark

brown; the rest of the thorax and the base of the abdomen whit-

ish-luteous, forming a continuous line with the broad, whitish-

Juteous costal stripe of the fore-wings. Palpi stout, vertical, rising

a little higher than the vertex; 3rd joint conical, not more than

one-sixth of the length of the 2nd. Wings with some ochraceous

marks about the exterior border; lines blackish, dentated, very

indistinct ; marginal points black.

Length of the body 23 lines ; of the wings & lines.

Hindostan.

Genus Martuama.

Marthama, Cat. Lep. Het. 3rd Ser. 1630

Sect. 2.

Foem.—Corpus robustum. Proboscis valida. Palpi porrecti,

caput longé superantes ; articulus Sus sub-linearis, 21 dimidio

non brevior. Antennze longe, sub-pectinate, ramis ciliatis.

Pedes robusti; tibize posticze calcaribus quatuor longis.

Alz ample; antice rectangulatee, costa recta, margine ex-

teriore flexo; posticze angulo interiore producto.

Female.—Body stout. Proboscis robust. Palpi long, porrect,

extending far beyond the head; 2nd joint with a short, thick

fringe; 3rd nearly linear, full half the length of the 2nd. An-

tennz long, slightly pectinated; branches ciliated. Abdomen

conical. Legs robust; hind-tibize with four long spurs. Wings

ample. Fore-wings rectangular ; costa straight, exterior border

distinctly bent, its hind part moderately oblique. Hind-wings

with the interior angle prolonged, extending a little beyond the

tip of the abdomen.

108 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

Marthama conspersa. —

Feem.—Obscuré ferruginea, albido sub-conspersa, alarum mar-

ginibus albido-punctatis, alarum anticarum lineis fasciisque

ex atomis albidis, linea exteriore valde flexa, costa exteriore

albo tripunctata.

Female.—Dark ferruginous, thinly whitish-speckled, brown

beneath. Tarsi with whitish bands, Wings with marginal whitish

points. Fore-wings with diffuse lines and bands of whitish

speckles; exterior line much bent, formed of whitish points ;

costa with three white points towards the tip; a triangular space

near the tip of the costa almost without speckles ; underside with

four lines of whitish points. Hind-wings with two lines of whitish

points.

Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 16 lines.

Amazon Region.

Fam. HYPENID4Z, Herr.-Sch.

Genus Hyrena, Schr.

Fypena bisignalis.

Mas.—Cinereo-fusea, palpis porrectis lanceolatis thorace non

brevioribus, articulo 20 late fimbriato, antennis sub-pubescen-

tibus, alis fusco-lineatis, ]unulis marginalibus nigris, alis

anticis sub-falcatis, linea sub-marginali sat determinata sub-

undulata, orbiculari et reniformi nigris, illa punctiformi.

Male.—Cinereous-brown. Palpi porrect, lanceolate, as long as

the thorax; 2nd joint broadly fringed; 3rd joint very acute,

slightly fringed, about one-third of the length of the 2nd. An-

tennze minutely pubescent. Abdomen not extending beyond the

hind-wings. Wings not broad; lines brown; marginal lunules

black. Fore-wings sub-falcate ; exterior line very indistinct ; sub-

marginal line more distinct, slightly undulating ; orbicular and

reniform marks black, the former punctiform. Hind-wings paler

than the fore-wings, except towards the exterior border ; exterior

line distinct, almost straight.

Length of the body 33 lines ; of the wings 10 lines.

Brazil.

Hypena pyralalis.

Feem.—Cinereo-fusca, palpis porrectis elongatis articulo 30

longi-conico, alis anticis acutis ochraceo alboque quadrifas-

ciatis, fasciis deviis incompletis, alis posticis pallidé cinereis.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. © 109

Female.—Cinereous-brown. Palpi porrect, longer than the

breadth of the head; 3rd joint elongate-conical, about one-third

of the length of the 2nd. Abdomen not extending beyond the

hind- wings. Fore-wings acute, with four irregular and incomplete

ochraceous and white bands; costa straight ; exterior border con-

vex, very oblique hindward. Hind-wings pale cinereous.

Length of the body 24 lines ; of the wings 7 lines. i

This species forms a new section and differs much from the

typical form of the genus.

Brazil.

Hypena Zmusalis.

Feem.—Fuscescente cinerea, palpis porrectis longissimis, alis

anticis acutis vix falcatis, lineis basali et interiore.nigris un-

dulatis, spatio intermedio obscure fusco, linea arcuata nigra

apud angulum interiorem.

Female.—Brownish-cinereous. Palpi porrect, full twice longer

than the breadth of the head ; 3rd joint slender, linear, as long as

the 2nd. Abdomen not extending beyond the hind-wings. Fore-

wings acute, almost sub-falcate; basal and interior lines black,

undulating ; space between them mostly dark brown ; a curved

black line extending from the exterior border to the interior

border and inclosing a small space about the interior angle; costa

straight; exterior border convex hindward. Hind-wings without

markings. ;

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 14 lines.

Cape.

EHypena ? murina.

Mas.—Murina, sat gracilis, fronte tumida, antennis sub-setulosis,

abdomine sub-attenuato, alis anticis apice rotundatis, orbi-

culari et reniformi e guttis duabus nigris, linea exteriore nigra

undulata non obliqua, linea sub-marginali cinerea angulosa in-

distincta, linea marginali e lunulis nigris, costa cinereo-notata.

Male.—Cinereous-brown or mouse-colour, rather slender, front

tumid. Antenne very minutely setulose. Abdomen somewhat

attenuated, extending a little beyond the hind-wings. Hind-tibie

with long spurs. Fore-wings rounded at their tips, with the reni-

form mark distinguished by two black dots; exterior line black,

slender, undulating, upright ; sub-marginal line cinereous, zigzag,

indistinct ; marginal line composed of slender black lunules; costa

110 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

straight, with pale cinereous marks; exterior border slightly

convex and oblique. Hind-wings without markings.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 9 lines.

Brazil.

Genus Boana, n. g.

Feem.—Corpus gracile. Fasciculus frontalis productus, acutus.

Proboscis brevis, distincta. Antenne graciles, glabra. Ab-

domen alas posticas non superans. Pedes glabri, longiusculi;

tibiz posticee calcaribus quatuor longis. Ale ample;

anticee sub-faleatee, margine exteriore vix obliquo, margine

interiore sub-convexo ; posticee valde rotundatz, costa

convexa.

Female.—Body slender. Frontal tuft prominent, acute. Pro-

boscis short, distinct. Antennze slender, bare. Abdomen not

extending beyond the hind-wings. Legs smooth, rather long ;

hind tibize with long spurs. Wings ample. Fore-wings subfal-

cate; costa straight; exterior border hardly oblique; interior

border slightly convex. Hind-wings very much rounded, broader

than the fore-wings; costa convex.

Boana semialba.

Foem.—F usca, pedibus albido-testaceis, alis dimidio albis, alis

anticis litura discali subrotunda obscure fusca, lineis duabus

testaceis sub-undulatis fusco-marginatis antice remotis, punctis

sub-marginalibus nigris albo-notatis.

Female.—Brown, paler beneath. Legs whitish testaceous. Fore-

wings with two testaceous, dark brown-bordered, slightly undu-

lating and oblique lines, the exterior one diverging in front from

the interior one; discal mark dark brown, nearly round ; a row

of submarginal black, white-marked points ; underside white, ex-

cept in front. Hind-wings white in front, over much more than

one-half of the surface. °

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 9 lines.

Brazil.

Fam. HERMINIDZ, Guén.

Genus SorHronia, Guén.

Sophronia? Capensis.

Mas.—Pallidé cervina, gracilis, palpis ascendentibus compressis

longis sub-arcuatis, articulis lo et 20 fimbriatis, 30 lanceo-

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. tia

lato, antennis dense pubescentibus, abdomine alas posticas

paullo superante, alis linea sub-marginali albida sub-recta,

linea marginali tenui e lunulis fuscis, alis anticis acutis linea

media recta obliqua lineaque sub-marginali postice approxi-

matis.

Male.—Pale fawn-colour, slender. Palpi compressed, long,

vertical, slightly curved; Ist and 2nd joints fringed; 3rd lanceo-

late, as long as the 2nd. Antenne thickly pubescent. Abdomen

extending a little beyond the hind-wings. Legs rather stout;

spurs long. Wings with a whitish nearly straight sub-marginal

line; marginal line brown, composed of slender lunules. Fore-

wings acute, with a straight oblique middle line, which approaches

the sub-marginal line hindward; costa straight; exterior border

convex, slightly oblique.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

Cape.

Genus Bononra, n. g.

Mas.—Corpus sat robustum. Proboscis brevis, gracilis. Palpi

longi, compressi, erecti ; articulus 3us lanceolatus, 2i dimidio

brevior. Antenneze laté pectinatee. Abdomen sub-carinatum,

alas posticas superans ; fasciculus apicalis longus, compressus.

Pedes robusti ; tibiae posticze calcaribus quatuor longis. Alee

ample ; anticee acute ; posticee valde rotundate.

Male.— Body moderately stout. Proboscis short, slender. Palpi

long, compressed, vertical, ascending high above the head, with

short hairs; 3rd joint lanceolate, much more slender than the 2nd

and less than half its length. Antennz broadly pectinated. Ab-

domen slightly keeled, extending rather beyond the hind-wings ;

apical tuft long, compressed. Legs very robust; spurs long,

stout. Wings ample. Fore-wings acute; costa straight; exterior

border slightly convex and oblique. Hind-wings with the ex-

terior border very convex; angles much rounded.

Bononia niveilinea.

Mas.—Leete cervina, abdomine alisque posticis cinereo-cervinis

pallidioribus, alis anticis albo bi-vittatis, striga exteriore cos-

taque albis.

Male.—Bright fawn-colour. Abdomen and hind-wings paler

cinereous fawn-colour. Fore-wings with a white costa, with two

white stripes ; hinder stripe slightly undulating ; fore-stripe bent,

112 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

interrupted at the bend with a white streak in front of its exterior

end.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 15 lines.

Brazil.

Genus Herminia, Latr.

Herminia inostentalis.

Mas.—F uscescente cinerea, palpis longis angustis ascendentibus

sub-fimbriatis, antennis setosis incurvis fasciculo ornatis, tibiis

anticis fasciculo denso penicillato, alis sat angustis, lunulis

marginalibus nigricantibus, alis anticis acutis nigro sub-con-

spersis, lineis interiore et exteriore fuscis angulosis indistinctis,

spatio marginali fuscescente lineam pallidam angulosam sub-

marginalem includente.

Male.—Brownish-cinereous. Palpi long, slender, rising high

above the head, slightly fringed ; 3rd joint much shorter than the

2nd. Antenne setose, curved, with a tuft at one-third of the

length. Abdomen compressed at the tip, extending very little

beyond the hind-wings. Fore-tibiae with a dense fan-shaped tuft.

Wings rather narrow; marginal Junules blackish; fringe inter-

lined. Fore-wings acute, thinly black-speckled ; interior and ex-

terior lines dark brown, zig-zag, indistinct; marginal space

brownish, inclosing the pale zigzag sub-marginal line; reniform

mark incomplete. Huind-wings paler than the fore-wings; lines

less distinct.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Brazil.

| Herminia? figuralis.

Mas.—Cinereo-cervina, palpis porrectis lanceolatis thorace vix

brevioribus, articulo 20 piloso, 30 nigricante brevi tenui, an-

tennis pectinatis, alis fusco quinque lineatis, lunulis margi-

nalibus nigris pallido-marginatis, margine exteriore angulato,

alis anticis macula discali sub-rotunda subtus lunulata albo-

marginata, costa pallido fuscoque notata.

Male.—Cinereous fawn-colour. Palpi porrect, lanceolate, al-

most as long as the thorax ; 2nd joint pilose ; 3rd blackish, slender,

about one-fourth of the length of the 2nd. Antenne rather broadly

pectinated; branches ciliated. Abdomen not extending beyond

the hind-wings. Wings with brown lines; interior line straight,

oblique, abruptly retracted towards the costa of the fore-wings ;

basal line less distinct; middle, exterior and sub-marginal lines

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 113

slight, formed of lunules; marginal lunules black, pale-bordered ;

exterior border distinctly angular. Fore-wings rectangular at

the tips, with a black nearly round discal spot, which on the under-

side forms a black white-bordered lunule; costa straight, with

alternate elongated pale and brown streaks.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Brazil.

Genus Breptina, Guén.

Bleptina responsalis.

Mas.—Fuscescente-cinerea, palpis corporis dimidio longioribus

angulatis ascendentibus supra thoracem refiexis articulo 30

penicillato, alis linea sub-marginali recta obliqua nigricante ;

anticee acute, margine exteriore convexo; postice palli-

diores.

Male,—Brownish cinereous. Palpi much like those of B. penz-

cillalis. Abdomen not extending beyond the hind-wings. Fore-

Wings acute; markings indistinct, except a blackish straight

oblique sub-marginal line, which also appears on the paler hind-

wings ; exterior border convex, not angular.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Brazil.

Bleptina penicillalis.

Mas.—F uscescente-cinerea, palpis corporis dimidio longioribus

angulatis ascendentibus supra thoracem reflexis articulo 30

penicillato, alis anticis sub-falcatis, linea sub-marginali angu-

lata pallidé cinerea nigricante marginata, litura discali parva

pallida elongata, punctis marginalibus nigris, margine exte-

riore angulato.

Male.—Brownish-cinereous. Palpi much more than half the

length of the body, angular, rising high above the head, reflexed

over the thorax; 3rd joint longer than the 2nd, with a long fan-

shaped apical tuft of hairs. Antennz slender, smooth. Fore-

wings sub-falcate, rather narrow; lines indistinct, except the sub-

marginal line, which is pale cinereous, blackish-bordered, and forms

a distinct angle in the middle; marginal points black; exterior

border angular in the middle; discal mark minute, pale, elon-

gated.

Length of the body 4 lines: of the wings 11 lines.

Brazil.

VOL. I. THIRD SERIES, PART II],—MAY, 1862. I

114 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

Bleptina intractalis.

Foeem.—Ferrugineo-fusca, palpis longis arcuatis ascendentibus

pubescentibus articulo 30 lanceolato, pedibus glabris, alis

anticis sat angustis apice rotundatis, lineis tribus pallidiori-

bus indistinctis denticulatis vix obliquis, spatio medio palli-

diore, reniformi nigricante antice attenuata, margine exteriore

vix obliquo, alis posticis fuscescente cinereis litura discali

lineisque subtus conspicuis.

Female.—Ferruginous-brown. Palpi compressed, pubescent,

curved, rising high above the head and longer than its breadth ;

3rd joint lanceolate, much shorter than the 2nd. Abdomen not

extending beyond the hind-wings. Legs smooth. Wings rather

narrow. Fore-wings rounded at the tips, with thin, denticulated,

paler, indistinct, nearly upright lines; space between the interior

and exterior lines mostly paler than the wings elsewhere ; reni-

form mark blackish, attenuated in front; exterior border hardly

oblique; interior angle much rounded. Hind-wings brownish-

cinereous; underside with a brown discal mark and with brown

denticulated exterior and sub-marginal lines.

Length of the body 43 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

Cape.

Bleptina? frontalis.

Mas.—Fusca, sat robusta, palpis ascendentibus longis com-

pressis arcuatis articulo 30 lanceolato, antennis glabris, alis

elongatis linea sub-marginali cinerea indistincta, alis anticis

apice rotundatis, lineis duabus obscure fuscis angulosis, 2a

cinereo-marginata, alis posticis cinereo-fuscis.

Maie.—Brown, moderately stout, mostly cinereous beneath.

Palpi smooth, compressed, curved over the head to the fore-border

of the thorax; 8rd joint lanceolate, much shorter than the 2nd.

Antennz slender, bare. Abdomen not extending beyond the

hind-wings. Legs smooth; spurs long. Wings elongate, not

broad, with an indistinct cinereous sub-marginal line. Fore-

wings rounded at the tips; costa hardly convex ; exterior border

convex, rather oblique; interior and exterior lines dark brown,

zigzag, the latter cinereous-bordered: |Hind-wings cinereous-

brown.

Length ef the body 5 lines; of the wings 14 lines.

Cape.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 115

Genus Locastra, Walk.

Locastra rudis.

Mas.—F usca, palpis verticem attingentibus, articulo 30 lanceo-

lato brevi, thorace anticé flavescente, alis elongatis, lined sub-

. . . A A A hs A

marginali nigra dentata undulata extus flavescente marginata

linea exteriore subtus nigricante, alis anticis linea interiore

nigra dentata intus flavescente marginata.

Male.—Brown, cinereous beneath. Palpi applied to the head

and extending to the vertex; 3rd joint lanceolate, about one-

fourth of the length of the 2nd. Thorax yellowish in front.

Wings elongated, with the sub-marginal line black, dentate, very

undulating, yellowish-bordered on the outer side; underside with

a blackish exterior line. Fore-wings with yellowish speckles, and

with a dentate black interior, which is broadly and diffusedly

yellowish-bordered on the inner side.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 14 lines.

Hindostan.

Genus Brertuta, Walk.

Bertula excelsalis.

Mas.—Obscure fusca, fasciculo frontali erecto, palpis crassis

fimbriatis longissimis ascendentibus reflexis articulo 30 peni-

cillato, antennis setulosis, alis anticis acutis disco exteriore

nigricante fusco, linea sub-marginali pallidé cinerea angulosa ;

alze posticze nigricante fuscee, margine interiore fimbriato.

Male.—Dark brown. Frontal tuft vertical. Palpi thickly

fringed, full half the length of the body, rising high above the

head and bent over the thorax; 3rd joint longer than the 2nd,

with a fan-shaped plume of hairs. Antennze setulose. Abdomen

extending beyond the hind-wings. Wings elongated. Fore-wings

acute, blackish-brown on the exterior part of the disk; sub-mar-

ginal line pale-cinereous, zigzag; costa straight; exterior border

convex, very oblique. Hind-wings blackish-brown; interior

border with a long fringe.

Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 16 lines.

Brazil.

Genus Bocana, Walk.

Bocana marginalis.

Mas.—Cinereo-cervina, palpis longissimis ascendentibus re-

flexis articulo 30 sub-clavato penicillato, antennis setulosis,

116 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

tibiis anticis densissime fasciculatis, alis amplis fascia marginali

integra pallidé cinerea, alis. anticis acutis orbiculari et reni-

formi albis minimis fusco-marginatis.

Male.—Cinereous fawn-colour, more cinereous beneath. Palpi

very long, rising high above the head and reflexed over the tho-

rax ; 2nd joint curved, witha small tuft near its tip; 3rd joint sub-

clavate, almost as long as the 2nd, with a large fan-shaped tuft.

Antenne setulose. Abdomen extending beyond the hind- wings.

Fore-tibiz most densely tufted. Wings ample, with a straight

pale cinereous band along the exterior border. Fore-wings acute ;

orbicular and reniform marks white, brown-bordered, very mi-

nute; costa straight; exterior border convex, hardly oblique.

Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 18 lines.

Brazil.

Genus Gizama, Walk.

Gizama anticalis.

Mas.—Cinereo-fusea, sat gracilis, fasciculo frontali producto,

palpis fimbriatis ascendentibus thorace vix brevioribus, an-

tennis setosis rectis apices versus fasciculatis apice arcuatis,

alis anticis apice rectangulatis, lineis duabus obscure fuscis

sub-undulatis, hac angulosa, linea sub-marginali pallidé ci-

nerea sub-angulosa, reniformi obscuré fusca annulari, alis

posticis pallidioribus.

Male.—Cinereous-brown, rather slender, more cinereous be-

neath. Frontal tuft prominent. Palpi fringed, almost as long

as the thorax, rising high above the head; 3rd joint much

shorter than the 2nd. Antenne setose, straight from the base to

the sub-apical tuft, curved from thence to the tips. Abdomen not

extending beyond the hind-wings. Wings ample; marginal lu-

nules black. Fore-wings rectangular at the tips; interior and

exterior lines dark brown, slightly undulating, the latter zigzag ;

sub-marginal line pale cinereous, slightly undulating and zigzag,

more regular than the exterior line; reniform mark dark brown,

annuliform; costa straight, exterior border convex, moderately

oblique. Hind-wings paler than the fore-wings; sub-marginal

line pale cinereous, nearly parallel to the exterior border.

Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 16 lines.

Brazil.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 117

Genus Crymona, n. g.

Mas.—Corpus sat robustum. Fasciculus frontalis productus.

Proboscis longiuscula. Palpi lanceolati, sub-ascendentes ;

articulus 2us fascieulatus; 3us acutus, brevis. Antennee

setulosze, rectze, apices versus nodose et fasciculate, apice

incurve. Abdomen alas posticas vix superans, fasciculo

apicali parvo. Pedes longi, leves; tibiz posticze calcaribus

longissimis. Ale ample, elongate; antice acute ; postice

margine interiore plicato et fimbriato.

Male.-—Body moderately stout. Proboscis rather long and

robust. Frontal tuft prominent. Palpi lanceolate, slightly ascend-

ing, longer than the breadth of the head; 2nd joint tufted above ;

3rd acute, about one-fourth of the length of the 2nd. An-

tennz setulose, straight from the base to three-fourths of the

length, where they are nodose, and tufted, curved from thence to

the tips. Abdomen extending very little beyond the hind- wings ;

apical tuft small. Legs long, smooth; hind-tibize with very long

spurs. Wings ample, elongated. Fore-wings acute; costa straight ;

exterior border slightly convex and oblique. Hind-wings with

the interior border folded and fringed,

Crymona receptalis.

Mas.—Cervina, alis anticis macula discali parva elongata nigri-

cante, lineis quatuor exterioribus e punctis nigricantibus, linea

exteriore angulata obscure cervina, strigis exterioribus inter-

ruptis nigricantibus, alis posticis cinereis basi pallidioribus.

Male.—Fawn-colour. Fore-wings with a small longitudinally

elongated blackish discal spot, and with four exterior transverse

lines, which are formed of blackish points; 1st line very incom-

plete; a dark fawn-coloured angular line, accompanied by inter-

rupted blackish streaks, on the veins between the 2nd and 3rd

lines. Hind-wings cinereous, paler towards the base.

Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 18 lines.

Brazil.

Genus Borica, n. g.

Mas.-—Corpus robustum. Palpi crassi, densé fasciculati, caput

longe superantes, thorace vix breviores. Antenne incurve,

serrate, ciliate, fasciculo penicillato ornatee. Abdomen at-

118 Mr, F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

tenuatum, fasciculo apicali radiato. Pedes robusti, pilosi ;

antici densissimé fasciculati. Alze ample ; anticze subfalcate.

Male.—Body stout. Palpi thick, densely tufted along the whole

length, rising high above the head, nearly as long as the thorax ;

3rd joint much shorter than the 2nd. Antenne curved, serrated,

ciliated, with a fan-shaped tuft near the base. Abdomen tapering

from the base to the tip, with a diverging apical tuft. Legs stout ;

femora and tibize tufted; fore-legs, excepting the tips of the tarsi,

most densely tufted. Wingsample. Fore-wings subfalcate; costa

straight; exterior border convex, oblique hindward.

Bolica armata.

Mas.—Ferruginea, alis nigro sub-conspersis, linea exteriore

recta obliqua albida costam versus abrupté retracta, linea

sub-marginali e punctis nigris, alis anticis litura reniformi

plagaque apicali cervinis, linea exteriore arcuata punctisque

marginalibus nigris, alis posticis subtus ex parte nigricante

fuscis linea postice atra.

Male.—Ferruginous, paler beneath. Abdomen dark brown

towards the tip. Wings minutely black-speckled, with a straight

oblique, exterior, whitish line, dark-bordered on the inner side,

and abruptly retracted towards the costa of the fore-wings ; sub-

marginal line indicated by black points. Fore-wings with the

reniform mark, and an apical patch fawn-coloured ; under side

with a black, curved, exterior line and black marginal points.

Hind-wings beneath blackish-brown exteriorly, with a blackish-

brown exterior line, which is deep black and very distinct hind-

ward.

Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 18 lines. _

Brazil.

Fam. PYRALIDA, Guén.

Genus Pyrauis, Linn.

Pyralis intermedialis.

Cinereo-rufescens, palpis porrectis parvis articulo 30 minimo,

pedibus sat robustis, alis angustis acutis lineis duabus albidis

remotis nigro-marginatis, la dentata, 2a denticulata flexa

apud costam dilatata, punctis marginalibus nigris, alis pos-

ticis cinereis nigricante bilineatis.

Cinereous-reddish, cinereous beneath. Palpi porrect, short,

slender, extending very little beyond the head; 3rd joint very

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 119

minute. Legs rather stout; spurs long. Fore-wings narrow,

acute at the tips; interior and exterior lines whitish, black-

bordered, remote from each other; the Ist dentate; the 2nd

denticulate, bent and dilated towards the costa ; marginal points

black ; fringe cinereous. Hind-wings cinereous, with two blackish

curved lines, and with black marginal points.

Length of the body 4? lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Haiti.

Pyralis externalis.

Mas.—Pallidé cinereo-cervina, palpis parvis ascendentibus

articulo 30 minimo, antennis sub-pubescentibus, alis linea

sub-marginali nigra denticulata pallido sub-marginata, linea

Interiore dentata interrupta minus determinata, alis anticis

apice sub-rotundatis, litura discali nigra angulata, macula

exteriore discali diffusa nigro-fusca, alis posticis sub-fusces-

centibus.

Male.—Pale cinereous fawn-colour, whitish-cinereous beneath.

Palpi short, slender, smooth, ascending, not rising so high as the

vertex ; 3rd joint conical, very minute. Antenne very minutely

pubescent. Abdomen extending very little beyond the hind-

wings. Legs rather slender. Wings with a black, denticulated,

irregularly pale-bordered sub-marginal line; interior line dentate,

interrupted, less distinct than the exterior line; under side with

the interior line almost obsolete, and the exterior one composed.

of black points. Fore-wings slightly rounded at the tips, with a

black angular discal mark, beyond which there is a diffuse dark-

brown discal spot. Hind-wings more brownish.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 10 lines,

3razil.

Pyralis ? varipes.

Mas.—Fuscea, crassa, subtus albida, capite thoraceque irides-

cente cinerascentibus, palpis ascendentibus arcuatis albo-

fasciatis, antennis sub-pubescentibus, abdominis lateribus

sub-fasciculatis, pedibus crassis, alis anticis sat angustis

glauco-conspersis nigro-trifasciatis, fasciis 2a, 3aque apud

costam connexis.

Male.—Brown, thick, whitish beneath. Head and thorax with

a whitish cinereous, slightly iridescent tinge. Palpi curved, as-

cending, not rising higher than the vertex; Ist joint white; 2nd

and 3rd with white tips; 3rd much shorter than the 2nd. An-

120 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

tenne very minutely pubescent. Abdomen with a row of small’

tufts along each side, conical and compressed at the tip, which

extends rather beyond the hind-wings. Legs short, thick ; spurs

long; anterior legs mostly white. Fore-wings rather narrow,

rounded at the tips, adorned with glaucous speckles, and traversed

by three irregular black lines; 2nd and 3rd lines connected on

the costa; sub-marginal lunules blackish ; costa hardly convex ;

exterior border slightly oblique.

Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 10 lines.

Amazon Region.

Pyralis proximalis.

Mas.—Cervina, sat robusta, palpis porrectis latis articulo 30

parvo, abdomine alas posticas superante, pedibus robustis,

alis anticis sat angustis apice sub-rotundatis, spatio interiore

nigricante-fusco, spatio medio pallidé cervino albido-margi-

nato, puncto discali nigro, fimbria fusco-punctata, alis pos-

ticis albido-cinereis. ;

Male.—Fawn-colour, rather stout, cinereous beneath. Palpi

porrect, extending somewhat beyond the head; 2nd joint broad,

slightly curved; 3rd elongate-conical, about one-fourth of the

length of the 2nd. Antennze smooth, rather stout. Abdomen

extending rather beyond the hind-wings. Legs stout, smooth.

Fore-wings rather narrow, slightly rounded at the tips, blackish-

brown towards the base, which is fawn-colour; middle part pale

fawn-colour, bounded on each side by a whitish undulating line,

and containing a black discal point; fringe pale, double, the in-

terior part with brown points; costa slightly contracted in the

middle; exterior part rather oblique. Hind-wings whitish

cinereous.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Hindostan.

Pyralis nigricalis.

Feem.—Nigra; abdomine alisque posticis paliidé cinereis, alis

anticis albido-conspersis apice rotundatis, lineis tribus albidis

interruptis undulatis, linea 3a biflexa, punctis marginalibus

albidis, alis posticis apud marginem exteriorem sub-fusce-

scentibus,

Female.—Black. Head wanting. Abdomen, hind-wings and

underside pale cinereous. Fore-wings whitish-speckled, much

rounded at the tips; basal, interior and exterior lines whitish,

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 121

slight, interrupted, undulating ; exterior line bent in*front and

hindward; marginal points whitish; exterior border convex,

rather oblique. Hind-wings slightly brown!sh-tinged along the

exterior border; underside with two brownish dentate lines, the

outer one much broader than the inner one.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 14 lines.

Tasmania.

Pyrals costigeralis.

Mas.—Nigricans, capitis fasciculo erecto penicillato, palpis

ascendentibus longis angustis lanceolatis vix arcuatis, antennis

sub-pubescentibus, pedibus robustis squamosis albido-fas-

ciatis, alis anticis sat angustis apice rotundatis cinerascente

conspersis, costee triente basali sub-dilatata apice luteo-

notata, alis posticis albidis extus sub-nigricantibus.

Male.—Blackish. Head with a high, erect, plumose tuft.

Palpi erect, long, slender, lanceolate, hardly curved; 3rd joint

short, very slender. Antenne minutely pubescent. Abdomen

hardly extending beyond the higd-wings. Legs stout, squamous ;

tibize and tarsi with whitish bands; spurs long. Fore-wings

rather narrow, rounded at the tips, with whitish cinereous spec-

kles; costa hardly convex, slightly dilated along the basal third

of the length; a luteous mark at the end of this part; marginal

points pale cinereous ; exterior border hardly convex, moderately

oblique. Hind- wings whitish, slightly blackish-tinged exteriorly.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Sydney.

Pyralis cervinalis.

Foem.—Cervina, cinereo nigroque conspersa, palpis compressis

angustis arcuatis lanceolatis ascendentibus, pedibus anteri-

oribus fusco-fasciatis, alis anticis sat amplis apice rotundatis,

lineis duabus nigricantibus indistinctis diffusis, 2a flexa,

punctis marginalibus nigris, alis posticis albido-cinereis apud

marginem exteriorem fuscescentibus.

Female.—Fawn-colour, speckled with cinereous and with black,

mostly cinereous beneath. Palpi compressed, slender, curved,

lanceolate, rising above the head; 3rd joint very acute, less than

half the length of the 2nd. Antennz smooth. Abdomen ex-

tending very little beyond the hind-wings; oviduct prominent.

Anterior legs with brown bands. Wings somewhat ample. Fore-

wings rounded at the tips, with the interior and exterior lines

122 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

blackish, indistinct, diffused; the latter bent, marginal points

black ; exterior border slightly convex and oblique. Hind-wings

whitish-cinereous, brownish along the exterior border.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 16 lines.

Tasmania.

Fam. ASOPIDA, Guén.

Genus Satsra, Guén.

Salbia varialas.

Mas.—Rufescente-ferruginea, subtus albida, palpis brevissimis,

abdominis segmentis albo-marginatis, alis anticis fasciis tribus

abbreviatis e maculis variis albo-hyalinis nigro-marginatis,

alis posticis fuscis bifasciatis.

Male.—Reddish-ferruginous. Body beneath and legs whitish.

Palpi very short, not rising so high as the vertex. Abdomen

extending rather beyond the hind-wings; hind-borders of the

segments white. Wings with abbreviated interior and middle

bands, which are composed of irregular, black-bordered, white,

hyaline spots. Fore-wings with an exterior band, which is much

abbreviated hindward; exterior border very oblique. Hind-

wings brown.

Length of the body 43 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

Amazon Region.

Genus Asopta, Guén.

Asopia depressalis.

Foem.—Pallidé cervina, nitens, palpis porrectis lanceolatis sub-

arcuatis, alis lineis interiore et exteriore fuscescentibus

obliquis sub-arcuatis, punctis marginalibus nigricantibus, alis

anticis puncto discali fusco, alis posticis linea exteriore valde

arcuata.

Female.—Pale fawn-colour, shining. Palpi porrect, slender,

lanceolate, slightly curved, shorter than the breadth of the head.

Wings with the interior and exterior lines brownish, oblique,

slightly curved, the latter much curved in the hind-wings ; mar-

ginal points blackish. Fore-wings acute, with a brown discal

point between the lines.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 9 lines.

Cape.

an the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 123

Fam. HY DROCAMPID, Guén.

Genus Ouicostiema, Guén.

Oligostigma ameenalis.

Mas.— Aurato-flava, subtus alba, oculis albo-marginatis, ab-

domine albo, alis anticis fasciis duabus undulatis maculaque

diseali albis purpureo-marginatis, alis posticis albis macula

apud angulum interiorem aurato-flava.

Male.—Gilded-yellow, shining, white beneath. Eyes bor-

dered with white. Palpi very short. Antenne stout. Abdo-

men white, extending a little beyond the hind-wings ; apical tuft

long. Tibiz with very long spurs. Fore-wings with two white,

undulating, purple-bordered bands, and with a white intermediate,

purple-bordered spot. Hind-wings white, with a gilded-yellow

spot near the interior angle.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Brazil.

Oligostigma exhabitalis.

Foem.—Leeté ochracea, corpore subtus, capite, thoracis lateribus

anticis abdominisque fasciis albis, palpis lanceolatis ascen-

dentibus, alis lituris argenteis nigro-marginatis, alis anticis

fasciis tribus maculaque costali trigona, alis posticis bifasciatis

basi costaque albis.

Female.—Bright orange, white beneath. Head and sides of

the thorax in front white. Palpi lanceolate, ascending as high as

the vertex. Abdomen extending far beyond the hind-wings;

segments with white bands. Wings with silvery-white, black-

bordered marks; sub-marginal band parallel to the exterior

border, broad and abbreviated in the fore-wings; middle band

less» oblique in the fore-wings than in the hind-wings, and ina

contrary direction. Fore-wings with a large triangular costal

spot between the two bands, and with a basal band which is

oblique in a contrary direction to the middle band. Hind-wings

white at the base and along the costa.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

Amazon Region.

Genus Catactysta, Hubn.

Cataclysta insulalis.

Alba, thorace abdominisque fasciis fuscis, alis fascia interiore

124 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

lata obliqua, lineis duabus, fasciis duabus exterioribus macu-

laque trigona costali fuscis, alis anticis basi fuscis, alis pos-

ticis maculis sex marginalibus atris purpureo-marginatis.

White. Thorax brown, Abdomen with brown bands. Wings

brown at the base, and witha broad, oblique, interior brown

band, which is succeeded by an almost parallel brown line ;

beyond the latter there is another brown line, which is followed

by two brown bands; the latter converge hindward, and in the

fore-wings include between them a large triangular brown costal

spot. Hind-wings with six deep black, metallic, purple-bordered

spots along the exterior border.

Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

Haiti.

Fam. MARGARODIDE, Guén.

Genus Gryrnopes, Guén.

Glyphodes rutilalis.

Foem.—Fusca, subtus albida, palpis ascendentibus articulo 30

minimo, thorace postico argenteo, abdomine albido-cinereo

lituris transversis trigonis fuscis, alis anticis argenteo-sub-

hyalinis iridescentibus ferrugineo-bifasciatis, fascia la inter-

rupta, 2a albido-interlineata, maculis duabus trigonis cos-

talibus punctisque marginalibus ferrugineis, alis posticis

iridescente-fuscis micantibus,

Female.—Brown, whitish beneath. Palpi ascending, not rising

so high as the vertex; 3rd joint very minute. Thorax silvery-

white hindward. Abdomen whitish-cinereous, with a transverse

triangular brown mark on each segment. Fore-wings brilliant

silvery, with iridescent reflections, and with two ferruginous

bands; Ist band interrupted, attenuated hindward, and with a

large ferruginous triangular costal mark on each side; 2nd band

narrower hindward, excavated on each side, and containing a

whitish line near its interior side; marginal points ferruginous ;

fringe cinereous. Hind-wings cinereous, brilliantly iridescent.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 16 lines,

Amazon Region.

Genus Marcaronta, Hubn.

Margaronia auricostalis.

Mas.—Candida, capite thorace abdominisque fasciculo fuscis,

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 125

antennis pedibusque gracillimis, alis hyalinis albis perangustis,

alis anticis vitta lata costali purpureo-fusca, costa sub-aurata.

Male.—Pure white. Head and thorax brown. Antenne and

legs very slender. Abdomen attenuated, extending rather far be-

yond the hind-wings; apical tuft brown. Wings hyaline-white,

very narrow. Fore-wings with a purplish-brown, broad, costal

stripe, which along the costa is dull gilded.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 13 lines.

Para.

Fam. BOTYD#, Guén.

Genus Astura, Guén.

Astura insolitalis.

Mas.—Pallidé lutea, palpis brevissimis nigro-uniguttatis, thorace

guttis sex nigris, alis anticis fascia basali plagis duabus costa-

libus maculis duabus apud marginem interiorem punctisque

nonnullis nigro-fuscis, alis posticis fascia interiore macula:

apud angulum interiorem plagaque apicali nigro-fuscis.

Male.—Pale luteous. Palpi very short, not rising to the vertex,

with a black dot on each side. Thorax with a black spot on each

side in front, and with four black spots on the disk. Abdomen

extending somewhat beyond the hind-wings. Tarsal joints with

black tips. Wings with blackish-brown marks. Fore-wings acute,

with three costal patches, with two spots on the interior border,

and with a few points and little streaks; Ist patch basal, extending

to the interior border. Hind-wings with an apical patch, with a

spot by the interior angle, and with an interior band, which ex-

tends from the inner spot on the interior border of the fore-wings.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

Sarawak, Borneo.

Genus Borys, Latr.

Botys additalis.

Foem.—F uscescente-cinerea, pectore antico candido, alis irides-

centibus, lineis tribus fuscis undulatis indistinctis, 3a minus

determinata.

Female.—Brownish-cinereous, whitish-cinereous beneath. Fore-

part of the pectus pure white. Abdomen extending a little beyond

the hind-wings. Wings iridescent, with the interior, exterior

and sub-marginal lines brown, undulating, not well determined ;

126 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

sub-marginal line less distinct than the others.. Hind-wings not

paler than the fore wings.

Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 10 lines.

Brazil.

Botys ineffectalis.

Foem.—Alba, nitens, palpis fuscescentibus subtus niveis, pectore

antico niveo, alis lineis tribus cervinis sub-undulatis sub-

parallelis subtus fuscescentibus, punctis marginalibus fuscis,

alis anticis lineis apud costam fuscescentibus.

Female.—White, shining. Palpi short, porrect, brownish above,

snowy-white beneath, as is also the fore-part of the pectus. Wings

with the basal, interior and exterior lines fawn-coloured, slightly

undulating, nearly parallel, brownish on the costa of the fore-

wings and on the underside ; a slight fawn-coloured tinge along the

exterior border; marginal points brown.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 9 lines.

Amazon Region.

Botys rectiferalis.

Mas.—Cinereo-alba, palpis extus thoracisque lateribus anticis

nigris, alis acutis, linea exteriore recta obliqua, linea margi-

nali punctoque costali fuscis, alis anticis acutis striga obliqua

subcostali fusca, costa basi nigra.

Male.—Cinereous-white. Palpi on the outer side, sides of the

thorax in front, and costa of the fore-wings towards the base, black.

* Wings with a straight oblique exterior brown line; marginal line

brown, slender; a brown point on the interior part of the costa.

Fore-wings acute, with an oblique brown discal streak near the

costa.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 15 lines,

New Caledonia.

Genus Scoputa, Schr.

Scopula desistalis.

Foem.—Ferruginea, abdomine alisque posticis cinereis, alis an-

ticis lineis tribus dentatis indistinctis punctisque marginalibus

nigris, fimbria pallidé cinerea, alis posticis extus sub-fusces-

centibus.

Female.—Ferruginous, cinereous beneath. Abdomen and hind-

wings cinereous, the former hardly extending beyond the hind-

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 127

wings. Fore-wings with the interior, exterior and sub-marginal

lines black, dentate, indistinct; marginal points black; fringe pale

cinereous. Hind-wings with a brownish tinge exteriorly.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 9 lines.

Brazil.

Fam. SCOPARIDA, Guén.

Genus Scoparia, Haw.

Scoparia fascialis.

Mas.—Albido-cinerea, palpis parvis latis, antennis pubescenti-

bus, thoracis lateribus anticis fuscis, abdomine sub-carinato

lateribus sub-fasciculatis, alis fusco-punctatis, alis anticis

fasciis tribus fuscis diffusis, la basali, 3a marginali, alis pos-

ticis semi-hyalinis.

Male.—Whitish-cinereous, white beneath. Palpi short, broad.

Antenne pubescent. Thorax brown on each side in front. Ab-

domen extending beyond the hind-wings, slightly keeled, with

small tufts along each side. Tuibize and tarsi with black bands.

Wings with large brown speckles. Fore-wings with three diffuse

brown bands; 1st band nearly basal; 3rd on the exterior border ;

speckles more numerous along the costa than elsewhere. Hind-

wings semi-hyaline.

Length of the body 43 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

Canada.

Scoparia stupidalis.

Mas.—Cinerea, palpis angustis sub-ascendentibus anticulo 30

elongato lanceolato, antennis pubescentibus, alis anticis nigri-

cante conspersis basi et apud marginem exteriorem nigri-

cante sub-nebulosis, lineis duabus nigris denticulatis, alis

posticis albido-cinereis.

Male.—Cinereous, paler beneath. Palpi slender, slightly as-

cending, extending somewhat beyond the head; 3rd joint lanceo-

late, shorter than the 2nd. Antenne pubescent. Abdomen

whitish-cinereous, extending somewhat beyond the hind-wings ;

apical tuft thick, close. Fore-wings minutely blackish-speckled ;

basal space and some parts of the surface about the exterior

border diffusedly blackish ; interior and exterior lines black,

denticulated. Hind-wings whitish cinereous.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

Brazil.

128 Mr. F, Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera.

Genus Bowncuts, n. g.

Feem.—Corpus robustum. Proboscis brevis. Palpi porrecti,

compressi, lanceolati, capitis latitudine paullo longiores.

Antenne glabra. Abdomen carinatum, alas posticas sat

superans. Pedes breviusculi, sat robusti, tibiis posterioribus

densé fimbriatis. Alze sat angustee; anticze apice rotundate;

posticee semi-hyalinz.

Female—Boiy stout. Proboscis short. Palpi compressed,

lanceolate, porrect, a little longer than the breadth of the head ;

2nd joint rather broad; 3rd a little shorter than the 2nd. An-

tennz smooth. Abdomen keeled, extending rather far beyond

the hind-wings. Legs rather short and stout; posterior tibiee

with long thick fringes. Wings rather narrow. Fore-wings

rounded at the tips; costa straight; exterior border convex,

rather oblique. Hind-wings semi-hyaline.

Bonchis scoparvoides.

Feem. — Cinereo-fusca, alis anticis spatio exteriore liturisque

schistaceis, lineis duabus schistaceis 2a undulata nigricante

sub-marginata, punctis marginalibus nigris, alis posticis

fuscescente cinereis fimbria cinerea.

Female.—Cinereous-brown. Fore-wings wholly slaty-cinereous

exteriorly, and with marks of the same hue elsewhere ; interior

and exterior lines slaty-cinereous; the latter undulating, irregu-

larly blackish- bordered ; marginal points black, minute. Hind-

wings brownish-cinereous ; fringe cinereous.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Para.

(12d)

VIII. Notes on the Species of Triplax of Stephens’ “ Lllus-

trations” and Collection. By G. R. Warternouss,

Esq., F.Z.8., &e.

[ Read 8rd Dec. 1860. ]

In my own collection, and the collections of my friends, so far as

I recollect, there are but two British species of Triplax, viz. T.

russica, and T’. enea ; but in Mr. Stephens’, there are five species,

and as with regard to some of these there is much confusion, I

have thought the following notes would be acceptable.

Sp. 1. Lriplax russica of Stephens’ Illustrations, vol. ui. p. 88,

sp. 1, and Collection.

The insect universally known by the same name.

Sp. 2. Tr. castanea, Steph. |. c., p. 89, 2.

Represented by three specimens in Mr. Stephens’ Col-

lection. One a very immature specimen of the

Triplax russica: the other two are of the same

species, but present scarcely any divergence from the

normal condition of the insect. These are referred

to the Sélpha castanea of Marsh. Ent. Brit. p. 122,

but Marsham described the insect from Shaw’s Col-

lection, and we have no reason to believe that either

of the specimens above noticed was the original of

the description; this latter gives the size of the

insect as two lines, whilst 7’. russtca is said, in the

same work, to be 3 lines in length. I think it

therefore very doubtful if the present insect be the

Marshamian §. castanea.

Sp. 3. Ir. enea, Steph. |. c., p. 89, and Collection — = 7’.

enea, Gyll., &c. &e. &e.

Sp. 4. Tr. bicolor, Steph. 1. c., p. 89, pl. xvii. f. 4.

This is given as the Silpha bicolor of Marsham, Ent.

Brit. 122, 18. A certain species inhabiting Sweden

was referred by Gyllenhal (see Ins. Suec. 1. p. 205,

2) to the S. bicolor of Marsham in 1808, since which

time it has been well known on the continent by

that name. The description given by Stephens is

evidently taken from Gyllenhal, and hence belongs

to the same insect, and yet to the best of my know-

VOL, I. THIRD SERIES, PART I1.—May, 1862. K

130

Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Notes on

ledge the Gyllenhalian species has not hitherto

been found in England. 7’. bicolor is represented

in Stephens’ Collection by three specimens, two of

which are old, dirty and greasy, and pinned with

Jargish pins; the third is a fresh specimen, pierced

by a delicate thin pin. With regard to the species

Stephens says,—‘ Rare: I possess a pair from the

Marshamian Collection, and I once beat a single ex-

ample from a birch-tree in Coombe-wood in June.”

From this note I have strong grounds for believ-

ing that the two old specimens are the Marshamian

types, and, in fact, represent the Silpha bicolor

of his work. The elytra in these two insects, being

stained with grease, appeared to be black, but upon

applying a little spirits of wine with a camels’ hair

pencil to one of the elytra of each specimen, I found

that the elytra were of a green-blue colour, and that

in this, and all other respects, they agree perfectly

with the Triplax enea of authors.

The third specimen, which is pinned as Mr. Stephens

usually pinned the insects captured by himself, is a

distinct species, and being in good condition was no

doubt the insect given to Mr. Charles Curtis to

draw, for the plate in the “Illustrations.” This most

careful artist would never have made a drawing

from either of the other two specimens without first

cleaning it; and, moreover, the figure clearly repre-

sents the specimen in question, in having a black

scutellum, &c. &c. This insect is about equal in

size to the 7’. enea, but differs in having black

elytra with the interstices of the striz distinctly

punctured, and in having the scutellum, as well as

the chest and abdomen, black ; and, in short, agrees

well with Lacordaire’s description of T'riplax rufi-

collis—see the Monogr. des Erotyliens, p. 211,

sp. 10.

So that Szlpha bicolor, Marsh. = Triplax enea, auct.

Triplax bicolor, Steph. descrip. = T'riplax bicolor,

Gyll.—not British!

——. -——_ Steph. Illustr. pl. 17, f. 4 = Tri-

plax ruficollis, Lacord.

the Species of Triplax. 131

Sp. 5. Triplax rufipes, Steph. Mlustr, iii. p. 90, pl. 17, f. 5 =

Triplax rufipes, Gyll., Lacord.

Represented by two specimens in Mr. Stephens’ Col-

lection—“ found near Windsor.” The insect is

rouch smaller than 7. russtca, and readily known

by its comparatively short form, and the abdomen

being black, excepting at the apex. Larger and

broader than T. ruficollis, Lacor.

Sp. 6. Triplax ruficollis, Steph. Ilustr. iii. p. 90, pl. 17, f. 6.

With regard to this insect (which is well figured)

Stephens says, “‘the black head at once dis-

tinguishes this species from its congeners.” I may

add, that the antennze are, moreover, relatively

stouter. By some singular accident Lacordaire re-

fers this insect to his Z'riplax ruficollis, an insect

with a red head. Stephens’ insect, however, seems

to be clearly the Zriplax nigriceps of that author’s

Monograph, p. 213. Itis represented in Stephens’

Collection by a single specimen, supposed to have

been taken near Windsor.

Sheuld any of our entomologists possess British speci-

mens of either of the two last-mentioned species,

and have it in their power to give us accurate infor-

mation respecting their capture, it is highly desirable

that it should be made known: as no positive au-

thority is given for the capture of those in Mr.

Stephens’ Collection, it is of course somewhat doubt-

ful whether the species be really British. Very

many of the insects introduced into the works on

British Entomology stand in the same category.

Some, from their known habitats on the continent,

are so unlikely to be indigenous that I have not

hesitated to reject them from my catalogue.

132 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Descriptions of

1X. Descriptions of Scymnus discoideus ( Fumily Coceinel-

lide) and two allied Species, and Description of a new

Species of Bryaxis (fam. Pselaphide). By G. R.

WarernousE, Esq., F.Z.8., &c.

{Read March 4th, 1861.]

Scymnus discoideus, Wliger, Gyll., Mulsant, &c.; Byrrhus

Pint of Marsham.

Sc. ovatus, niger, pilosus; elytris crebre subtiliter punctatis,

fulvo-rufis, sutura nigricante; corpore subtus fortius minus

crebre punctato, pectore canaliculato; antennis, palpis, pedi-

busque plus minusve nigricantibus; thoracis angulis anteri-

oribus plerumque rufescentibus.

Sc. discoideus is by nearly all authors said to be a pine-tree

insect. J have just examined sixty specimens from various loca-

lities, all taken from pine-trees—of thirty-six specimens in my

own collection, many are from the neighbourhood of Erith, and two

dozen specimens which I examined from Dr. Power’s collection

are from Weybridge. The insect is said to be very variable in

colour, &c., and both Gyllenhal and Mulsant have devoted con-

siderable space in their works to the description of these varieties.

Among the specimens above alluded to, however, and many

others which | have beaten out of pine-trees, I have not met with

such varieties ; whilst, on the other hand, I have met with Scymni

from other situations, which correspond very closely with the

varieties above alluded to. ‘The pine-tree insect, according to

my experience, is black, with brick-red elytra; the suture of the

elytra is more or less indistinctly, and narronly edged with dusky,

and not unfrequently the base of the elytra and the outer margin

are narrowly edged with dusky or brownish, but in no case well

defined, and, on the outer margin, the darker colour is confined

to the fore-part of the elytron. The thorax is sometimes entirely

black, but generally there is a trace of dull red at the sides, and

more especially at the anterior angle. The abdomen also is

usually tinted with rufous at the apex. The legs are sometimes

black, with pitchy tarsi, but usually the coxe, tibiz and tarsi are ~

more or less rufescent. The chest is always distinctly canalicu-

Scymnus discoideus and two allied Species. 133

late, and the small, nearly semicircular plate situated immediately

beneath the base of the posterior thigh, which Mulsant calls the

“plaque abdominale,” extends, in the fore-and-aft direction, over

rather more than two-thirds of the diameter of the abdominal

segment. The punctuation of the elytra is dense and rather fine,

and composed of punctures of different sizes, and the interstices

are somewhat rugulose.

Scymnus atriceps of Stephens is founded upon an immature

specimen of this species.

Scymnus Mulsanti, n. sp.

Sc. ovatus, postice sub-acuminatus, niger, pilosus; elytris

crebre punctatis, obscure rufis, late nigro-marginatis ; cor-

pore subtus crebre subtilius punctato; antennis, palpis,

pedibusque testaceis,

Of this insect I possess nine specimens, collected from the

roots of herbage, just above high water mark, about a mile

beyond Southend; and I have a single specimen which I took

at Holm-bush, in Sussex. In Dr. Power’s collection are eleven

specimens from the latter locality, two from Deal, and two from

a marshy pit near Lee, in Kent. Its favourite resorts, then,

would appear to be marshy places, either near the sea or inland;

and it is found in localities far remote from fir-trees. The

average size of the insect is rather less than that of the Sc. dis-

coideus ; it israther more convex, and differs in having the elytra

somewhat acuminate in the posterior half; in having the chest

and abdomen very thickly (especially towards and at the sides)

and more finely punctured; in having the abdominal plates more

extended in the fore-and-aft direction, and consequently leaving

a narrower space behind between the plate and the edge of the

segment ; in having the pectoral groove excessively indistinct or

entirely wanting; and in having the antenne, palpi and legs

entirely testacecus, and the thighs shorter and more inflated.

The red colour of the elytra, moreover, is usually darker, and

the elytra are broadly margined with black throughout. Taking a

common condition of the colouring, the black and the red are

nearly in equal proportions: the black occupies a broad space at

the base of the elytra, extends down the suture for a short dis-

tance in the form of an equally broad band; here (that is, about

midway between the base and the apex of the elytra) it is very

often rather suddenly expanded in width, and there is a corre-

134 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Descriptions of

sponding expansion of the black at the side of the elytron; but

behind the centre the sutural band is considerably contracted

before it reaches the apex, where again it dilates to join the black

of the margin. Sometimes the sutural band is suddenly con-

tracted a little behind the middle of the elytra, and completely

disappears; and occasionally the dark colour is so diffused, that

the red almost disappears. Among the various described varieties

of Sc. discoideus, 1 do not see any which completely correspond

with the present species in the colouring. I see none in which

the black on the suture, for instance, is somewhat suddenly

dilated in the middle, as is frequently the case in the Se. Mulsantz.

Specimens of this insect stand in Stephens’ collection to repre-

sent the ‘ Scymnus limbatus, Kirby’s MSS.,” but the original

description must be taken from some other insect, since in the

* Tllustrations ” the legs are said to be “ pitchy-black.”

Scymnus limbatus, Kirby, MSS. and Collection; Steph. Illustr.

iv. p. 395.

Sc. breviter ovatus, niger, pilosus; elytris fortius regulariter

punctatis, obscure ferrugineis, sutura apiceque late, mar-

ginibus lateralibus anguste, nigro-marginatis ; corpore subtus

minus crebre punctato, pectore canaliculato ; antennis, palpis,

pedibusque nigricantibus.

Decidedly smaller, and of a more convex and shorter form than

Sc. discoideus, from which it is further distinguished hy the more

distinct puncturing of the elytra—here the punctures are more

widely separated and of equal size, and the intervening spaces are

perfectly even (not rugulose) ; the elytra are less ample; the pu-

bescence shorter; the abdominal plate is rather more extended

towards the apex of the first abdominal segment, but its transverse

diameter is less, and its curve is more sudden, showing a slight

tendency to assume an angular form behind. From Sc. Mulsanti

it may be distinguished by its shorter and obtusely rounded elytra,

the more distinct and less dense punctuation of the elytra and

_ under parts of the body, the decidedly smaller size of the abdo-

minal plates, the distinct pectoral groove, and the black legs with

the femora less inflated. The very broad black band which runs

along the suture is usually pretty equal in width, and the apex of

the elytra is pretty broadly margined, but the sides are very nar-

rowly edged with black.

I possess four specimens of this insect ; the locality of only one

of them I have noted, and that was from the Hammersmith

Scymnus discotdeus and two allied Species. 135

marshes: in Dr. Power’s collection I find six specimens, three of

which are from the same locality, and the other three are from

Hornsey Fen. In neither place are there any fir-trees.

Bryaxis simplex, n. sp.

Rufo-picea; elytris sanguineis, marginibus infuscatis ; antennis

pedibusque fusco-testaceis ; capite tri-foveolato; thorace fo-

veolis tribus sub-zequalibus.

This insect belongs to the same section as the B. fossulata: the

foveze on the thorax are nearly equal, and not united by a trans-

verse groove ; the abdomen presents no sexual distinctions, and the

anterior coxze are unarmed in the male—they are not even slightly

produced, and angular as in B. fossulata; and the male is only

distinguished by the presence of a very small spine at the apex of

the intermediate tibiae. In size it is equal to the B. sanguinea,

and its antenne are as long as in the female of that insect, and can

scarcely be said to differ in structure. The general colour is

piceous, not darker than in B. fossulata, but of a more rufous tint ;

the antennze and legs are fusco-testaceous; the tibize and tarsi

rather paler than the thighs; the elytra are red, but less intense

and less brilliant than in B. sanguinea; and at the margins,

throughout, they are more or less piceous. The head has a small

foveola on the vertex, besides the three ordinary fovez ; of these,

the two frontal foveee are rather more approximated than in B.

fossulata, and the hinder part of the head is more produced. The

terminal joints of the palpi are fuscous or piceous; the basal joints

paler. The thorax agrees very nearly in form with that of B. fos-

sulata, but the posterior angles are less obtuse ; the lateral fovez

are rather larger and less forward in position, and there is a shal-

low depression on each side, connected with these foveze, which

runs along the posterior margin of the thorax and extends almost

to the central fovea; the space between this latter and the lateral

fovea is much raised, and almost assumes the form of a large,

bluntly-rounded tubercle ; the surface of the thorax is very finely

and sparingly punctured. The elytra are relatively longer than in

B. fossulata, and, like the abdomen, more finely and more spar-

ingly punctured, and the pubescence is more scant. The striole

at the base of the first abdominal segment, above, are more

_widely separated, the space between them slightly exceeding one-

third of the entire width of the convex part of the abdomen ;

whilst in B. fossulata the corresponding space is rather less than

136 Descriptions of Scymnus discoideus, Sc.

one-third ; there is no evident difference in the sexes in this respect,

as is seen in some other species.

The above description is founded upon six male specimens and

two females, which I found under rejectamenta, by the River

Medway, near Rochester, in February, 1857; the insect, then,

may possibly be confined to situations within the influence of salt

or brackish water,

X. On the Euphorbia-infesting Coleoptera of the Canary

Islands. By 'T. Vernon Wotzasron, Esq., M.A., F.LS,

{Read 6th May, 1861.3

TuereE are few facts in Entomology more extensively true, than

that the most peculiar insects of a region are usually to be found

either dependent on or inhabiting the same area as its most pe-

culiar plants. Accepting this as an axiom, 1 have never failed to

derive much practical aid, in every country which I have yet

explored, from ascertaining in the first instance not merely the

general character of the vegetation, but also the particular plants

in which it is naturally most prolific, and the tracts where they

occur; for experience has invariably shown me that it is from

such tracts that the entomologist will, in the long run, obtain his

greatest treasures. I do not say that these regions must always

be the most productive as regards the number of species; far from

it,—for they may often occupy high elevations, difficult of access,

which the host of colonists gradually naturalized below has failed —

to reach; but I think it is not too much to affirm, that the insect

population of such localities is par excellence the truly indigenous

one, and that consequently the tenants of these spots have a greater

claim to be the atrdxovec of the soil (and probably, therefore, to

a great extent, endemic) than those of any other.

That the fact is universal, even despite the undoubted repul-

siveness of certain plants to the generality of the insect tribes,

there is good reason to suspect. Few trees, for instance, in their

chemical properties, could be more unattractive, one would ima-

Euphorbia-infesting Coleoptera of the Canary Islands. 137

gine, than the various Laurels; nevertheless in Madeira, which

was originally “ Jaurel-clad,” I felt convinced, from the very first

day I landed there, that those portions of the island in which the

native wood still remained would be essentially the abodes of the

most peculiar, or esoteric, insect-forms. And how literally this is

the case no one who has laboured practically in the loftier alti-

tudes, and the almost inexhaustible “ inner mountain mazes” of

that wonderful land, will for an instant dispute. Yet the first

impression of the northern collector in the laurel-groves of the

Atlantic is that of the paucity of life; and it is only after he has

become acquainted with his ground, and the sedentary nature of

a large section of its inhabitants, that he can realize the actual

number of the living creatures which surround him. In the Ca-

narian group the laurel-forests, once so superb, have now nearly

disappeared, and along with them the characteristic fauna which

they, directly or indirectly, must have nourished; yet in the few

regions which have escaped the ruthless axe of their improvident

occupants, the primeval forms are still dominant,—driven there,

as their last resting-places, before their final extinction from off

the earth.

But in the vegetation of the Canarian archipelago there is, apart

from ‘the laurels, a great and important feature, which is but

slightly indicated at the Madeiras,—namely, the excessive abund-

ance of various gigantic Huphorbias. Whole plains and mountain-

sides are absolutely clothed with them; and in some of the less

frequented parts of the more remote islands one may often ride

for miles through a perfect wilderness of these monstrous plants,—

some of the larger of which might be almost compared, in their

shape and dimensions, to dwarf, stunted oaks. My first trip to the

Canaries was with John Gray, Esq., in his yacht the ‘ Miranda,”

early in January, 1858; and our impression on viewing this Ew-

phorbia-teeming land was, that a rich field, of a very anomalous

kind, must of necessity be in store for us. Nevertheless when we

began to penetrate into the thickets of these viscous shrubs, the

foliage was almost free from life, and there seemed but little hope

of success. Feeling convinced, however, that such a remarkable

vegetation could not possibly exist without its own special fauna,

_ we persevered in examining it; and whilst in the north of Lanzarote

were fortunate enough to alight on some rotten stems, which had

not been gathered for burning, standing erect in the soil. A few

minutes at these brought to light what we had long been antici-

pating,—namely, a host of minute Coleoptera, evidently peculiar

to this “ habitat.” From that moment we never failed to inspect

138 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on the Huphorbia-infesting

the dead Huphorbia-stems, whenever they chanced to occur; and

during my subsequent visits to the islands it has always been one

of my chief objects to investigate them.

What I propose in the present Memoir, is to describe all} the

species of the Coleoptera which have hitherto been ascertained to

occur amongst the various Canarian Euphorbias. Although the

greater portion of them would seem to be attached exclusively to

those plants, a few (as might indeed be expected) occur in others

likewise; but since my object is to place before the collector the

exact insects which he would probably meet with whilst searching

the Euphorbias, I am compelled to admit this small assortment

which are not entirely of Huphorbia-infesting habits. Such species,

however, are not numerous; for out of the forty-eight enumerated

below, thirty-sixt are apparently quite peculiar to the Euphor-

bias,—the remaining twelve only displaying more promiscuous

modes of life.

But however remarkable may be the perfect exclusiveness of an

immense majority of these Coleoptera to the rotten Euphorbia-

stems, it is not more so than the prodigious numbers in which

many of them occur. ‘he Lurops impressicollis, Phleeophagus

caulium and Mesites fusiformis occasionally swarm within the

branches and trunks; and the 4phanartha abound to such an incre-

dible extent that I have often seen decayed stalks almost, as it were,

alive with them. In fact, at the present moment, I cannot recall

having ever found a single dead Euphorbia, even though it chanced

to be the only one remaining in a district, and miles removed, so far

as I could judge, from any other shrub of the same genus, which

was not tenanted by one or more species of Aphanarthum; and

yet one may search the archipelago from end to end, at all eleva-

tions and in every conceivable position, without detecting so much

as a solitary individual attached to any other plant!

Here then surely, if ever, we have a good opportunity for test-

ing, by actual observation and on an extensive scale, the effects

(did such exist) so ingeniously pleaded for by a certain modern

+ One only has been omitted,—a most extraordinary and anomalous little

insect with curiously dilated gene in the male sex, strictly Rhyncophorous

trophi (with the exception of a fully developed upper lip), and (as I believe)

pseudotetramerous feet; but as Prof. Westwood is working at present at Platy-

cephalous Coleoptera, I have handed over to him this remarkable creature (to

which I had applied the provisional name of Thaumastocephalus lobatus) tor in-

sertion into his Paper.

t I have indicated these thirty-six, in the following diagnoses, by afhxing an

asterisk to them.

Coleoptera of the Canary Islands, 139

theory, which we have been told it is most ‘¢ unphilosophical” to

doubt. Here are seven large islands, the lower and intermediate

regions of which were originally more or less densely clothed with

various gigantic Euphorbias, nourishing an entire fauna of their

own. By degrees the Euphorbias are becoming destroyed (col-

lected by the inhabitants for fuel), and in immense tracts they have

already totally disappeared. Now, what is the consequence? Are

the creatures which infest them to adapt themselves gradually to

altered circumstances and a different kind of food, becoming (to

however slight an extent) modified accordingly? or shall they, on

the other hand, die-out? Our theorists must, in consistency with

their own principles, say the former; but if we go to nature for a

reply, she pronounces, unequivocally, the latter! Nor can this be

regarded as a mere isolated fact, to be at all accounted for by cir-

cumstances of an exceptional kind, and one therefore from which

we cannot properly generalize; for it applies to upwards of thirty

well-defined species, swarming by myriads over extensive tracts

of country widely separated from each other and variously con-

stituted ;—so that there is nothing “exceptional” about it; it is

merely the common result of a gradual change of external in-

fluences brought to bear on a whole fauna which was specially

created for a peculiar race of plants, and such as might have been

anticipated beforehand by the most ordinary practical observer.

It is precisely analogous to the case of the laurel-fauna, which

(through a similar cause) is in like manner fast disappearing from

the Atlantic groups, and which in some of the islands has abso-

lutely gone,—leaving no vestige behind it of any one species which

ean possibly be supposed (from the knowledge, gathered else-

where, which we actually possess of them) to have been in any

way connected with, or derived from, the original forms.

I will just add, that eight only of the Coleoptera enumerated

below have been detected also at Madeira, namely, Lurops impres-

sicollis*, Lemophleeus clavicollis, Corticaria maculosa, Aphanarthrum

bicolor* and piscatorium*, Leiparthrum curtum and inarmatum*

and Homalota coriaria,—merely half of them, moreover (to which

an asterisk is affixed), being of excluswely Euphorbia-infesting

habits. But since the Euphorbias are very much less numerous

in that group (both specifically and individually) than they are at

the Canaries, this is simply in accordance with what we might

anticipate. Still, it must be noted that there are a few species}

+ Such are the Aphkanarthrum and Mesites Euphorbia, Caulotrupis subnitidus,

Aypophieus ambiguus and Omalium cluvicorie.

140 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston onthe Euphorbia-infesting

attached to the Euphorbias in Madeira which have not been ob-

served hitherto at the Canaries; added to which, the plants there

(which grow often in places difficult of access) have not yet been

so thoroughly examined as in the neighbouring archipelago; and

it is, consequently, possible that, when such shall have been done,

a greater proportion of the Canarian species will be found to

exist. One or two, however, would seem strictly to represent

each other in the respective groups: thus, the Canarian Mesites

Jusiformis is the exact counterpart of the Madeiran Af. Euphorbia,

and the Canarian Hypophleeus Huphorbie of the Madeiran H. am-

biguus. The Phicephagus caulium might perhaps, also, be regarded

as the analogue of the Madeiran Caulotrupis subnitidus; and the

Canarian Aphanarthrum affine as that of the 4. Euphorbie. But

the several species which are apparently peculiar to that singular

and Cactus-like plant the ZL. canariensis are of course entirely

absent from the Madeiras.

Fam. TROGOSITIDA.

Genus Lerpasris, nov. gen. (PI. VII. fig. 1.)

Corpus sat magnum, lineare, angustum, subcylindricum, sculp-

turatum: capite magno, convexo, elongato, apice trisinuato,

fronte leviter canaliculata; oculzs a margine prothoracis an-

tico valde remotis, prominulis, oblongis, antice integris rotun-

datis, postice truncatis: prothorace elongato, basin versus

gradatim leviter attenuato, apice haud excavato, angulis

anticis obtusis: mesolhorace elongato, superne valde con-

spicuo, scutello nullo: elyéris elongatis, parallelis, limbo

(presertim ad humeros) plus minus incrassato. Antenne

breves (capitis vix longitudine), articulo 1mo inflato sub-

globoso, sequentibus ad clavam parvis gradatim paulo ma-

joribus (2do brevissimo), reliquis clavam magnam sat ab-

ruptam laxam triarticulatam efficientibus (9no et 10mo

zequalibus intus productis, 11mo subsecuriformi-globoso).

Labrum (fig. la) corneum, transverso-quadratum, angulis

anticis rotundatis ciliatis, apice leviter emarginatum. Man-

dibuleé robustissime, corneze, triangulares, apice acute. biden-

tatee et infra apicem dentibus duobus parvis obtusis obscuris

aucte. Mazxille (fig. 1b) lobo singulo maximo lato recto

intus et apice densissime longissimeque pubescenti instructee 5

lobo interno brevissimo, minutissimo, subobsoleto. Palpi

elongati; mazxzllares articulo Imo parvo flexuoso, 2do

majore elongato subclavato, 3tio hoc breviore, ultimo lon-

Coleoptera of the Canary Islands. 141

gissimo subcylindrico-fusiformi: dabiales (fig. 1c) articulo

Imo sat magno subflexuoso, 2do majore crassiore sub-

obtriangulari, ultimo longissimo crassiore subfusiformi.

Mentum breve, transversum, lateribus paulo rotundatis, an-

tice profunde bisinuatum et dente medio obtuso auctum,

angulis lateralibus paulo longioribus acutis. Ligula robusta,

cornea, e duplici parte (basali et apicali) formata; parte

antica profunde bipartita, lobis divergentibus, intus longe

ciliatis. Pedes longiusculi: é2bis extus simplicibus, paulo

incurvis: ¢arszs ut in Trogosild, articulo 1mo brevissimo fere

recondito.

Obs. Genus Temnochile affinitate proximum et cum illo

speciebus sat magnis submetallicis necnon antennarum in-

strumentorumque cibarium structura fere congruens; sed

corpore angustiore subcylindrico, antennis brevioribus, capite

prothoraceque longioribus, oculis antice rotundatis integris,

e lentibus majoribus compositis necnon a margine prothoracis

antico longissime remotis scutelloque nullo a ZYemnochild

discedit.

A Xéizw, relinquo, et domic, scutellum.

The three important insects for which the present genus is

proposed would appear to combine many of the features which

characterize the several acknowledged genera of the true Tro-

gositide ; but they are at once distinguished (I believe) from the

members of them all, by their very elongate head and prothorax

(the former of which has the eyes rounded and entire in front,

and placed at an immense distance from the anterior edge of the

latter), by their narrow, parallel, subcylindric bodies, and by their

perfect freedom from scutella. In their large size and sub-

metallic surfaces, as well as in the structure of their oral organs

and antenne, they have more perhaps in common with Temnochila

than with any other group; nevertheless in T’emmochila the an-

tennz are less abbreviated, the head and prothorax are com-

paratively shorter, the eyes are deeply emarginate in front, and

composed of much finer and more depressed lenses, the scutellum

is distinct, and the whole body is less narrow and cylindrical.

From Alindria, of Erichson (judging from the published diag-

nosis), Leipaspis is at once removed, apart from all other differ-

ences, by its very much longer head and prothorax, and by its

simple tibiz; whilst from Melambia, its anteriorly bisinuated

mentum, comparatively convex, submetallic, escutellate body,

and its greatly elongated head and prothorax will, even of them-

142 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on the Euphorhia-infesting

selves, suffice equally to separate it. It may, therefore, be

regarded as a small generic group in all probability peculiar to

the Canarian archipelago.

1. Letpaspis caulicola,* n. sp. (PI. VII. fig. 1.)

L. subviridi-ferruginea, nitida, subalutacea; capite protho-

raceque dense et profunde punctatis, hoc anguste marginato

angulis anticis obtusis ; elytris parallelis, distincte marginatis,

crenato-striatis et valde transversim rugulosis; antennis,

palpis pedibusque rufo-testaceis.

Long. corp. lin. 23.

Habitat Teneriffam, in Huph. canariensi putrida in montibus

supra Sanctam Crucem detecta.

Of the present Leipaspis I have seen hitherto but a smgle ex-

ponent ; and as I am not certain whether it is perfectly mature,

I am doubtful whether the colour of the species may not in reality

be somewhat darker than is the case in the specimen now before

me: whilst its small dimensions, as compared with those of two

nearly related Canarian forms, may possibly be, to a certain

extent, merely accidental. Be this, however, as it may, the

L. caulicola cannot be safely referred, I think, to either of its

allies, though it must be admitted that the whole three are inti-

mately connected. The fact, moreover, of my having found it

within the putrid stem of a Kuph. canariensis (on the mountains

above Santa Cruz of Teneriffe) would go far to render it @ priori

probable that the species is truly distinct from the other two,/—

+ I subjoin the following diagnoses of these two species, which will serve to

point out their distinctions from the L. caulicola.

Leipaspis lauricola, n.sp.

L. viridi-picea, subnitida, distincte alutacea; capite prothoraceque sat dense

punctatis, hoe crasse marginato angulis anticis obtusis ; elytris parallelis,

distincte marginatis, crenato-striatis et plus minus obscure transversim rugu-

losis ; antennis, palpis pedibusque lete rufo-ferrugineis.

Long. corp. lin. 3—6.

Habitat sub cortice laurorum laxo in locis editioribus sylvaticis Teneriffe et

Palme, rarior.

Apparently quite peculiar to the laurels of intermediate and rather lofty eleva-

tions,—beneath the loose outer bark of which I have taken it in the woods above

Taganana, and towards Point Anaga, of Teneriffe, as also in the Barranco de

Galga and the Barranco da Agua on the east of Palma. It is extremely variable

in size ; nevertheless it may always be known from its near ally the L. pinicolu

by having its elytra more decidedly parallel and less deeply crenate-striated, by its

surface being rather greener and more evidently alutaceous and subopake, by its

Coleoptera of the Canary Islands. 143

one of which is peculiar to the pine-trees and the other to the

laurels. If therefore the individual from which my diagnosis has

been compiled may be regarded as normal, the L. caulicola may

be known at once from its allies by its smaller size, paler hue,

and its more transversely-rugulose elytra; whilst its totally dif-

ferent habits will still further characterize it. In the sculpture of

its very parallel elytra, however, it has more in common with the

L. lauricola than with the other; nevertheless its densely punc-

tured head and prothorax and but slightly alutaceous surface are

more suggestive of the L. pinicola: but in the thickness of its

prothoracic margin it is about intermediate between the two.

Genus TrocosiTa.

Olivier, Ent. ii. 19 (1790).

2. Trogosita latens,* n. sp.

T. subdepressa, nigra, subopaca; capite prothoraceque remote

punctatis (punctis in disco minutis), hoe transverso-sub-

quadrato antice latiusculo, angulis anticis vix productis, ad

latera subrotundato ; elytris subparallelis, profunde punctato-

head and prothorax being rather less closely and not quite so coarsely punctured,

and by the marginal rim of the latter (as well as that of the elytra) being much

thicker or defined. Its anterior prothoracic angles, too, are a trifle less obtuse,

and with the margin at that particular point very much more developed or incras-

sated.

Leipaspis pinicola, n. sp.

L. subviridi- vel etiam subcyaneo-picea, nitida, minus alutacea; capite pro-

thoraceque dense et profunde punctatis, hoc angustissime marginato angulis

anticis valde obtusis; elytris subparallelis (versus humeros subangustiori-

bus), angustissime marginatis, profunde crenato-striatis et distincte trans-

versim rugulosis; antennis, palpis pedibusque late rufo-ferrugineis.

Long. corp. lin. 8—4.

Habitat in pinetis Teneriffe et Palmz, sub cortice laxo Pini canariensis

rarissimae

Known from the last species (as has been already implied) by its elytra being

rather more contracted, or drawn-in, at their base (and therefore a trifle more

widened- behind the middle), as well as a little more transversely-rugulose and

more deeply crenate-striated. The lateral rim, too, both of its prothorax and elytra

is very much less developed, its surface is somewhat more shining, less coarsely

alutaceous, and of a more piceous tinge, and the punctuation of its head and pro-

notum is perceptibly deeper and more dense. Its anterior prothoracic angles are

rather more obtuse and very much less margined. So far as J have observed hi-

therto, it is found exclusively beneath the loose bark of the Pinus canariensis, —

in which positions I have captured it at the Agua Mansa, and above Ycod de los

Vinhos, of Teneriffe, as also in the old Pinal adjoining the Caldeira in the

Banda of Palma.

144 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on the Euphorbia-infesting

striatis ; antennis pedibusque piceis, illis brevibus, articulis

ultimis tribus majoribus, intus ferrugineis serratis, clavam

abruptam efficientibus.

Long. corp. lin. 3—43.

Habitat in Lanzarotd, Teneriffa et Hierro, intra caules Euphor-

biarum madidos latens.

The present distinct Trogosita appears, so far as I have hitherto

observed, to be peculiar to the decayed Euphorbia-stems of the

Canaries,—where it was first captured by Mr. Gray and myself,

during January, 1858, on the Risco, above the Salinas, in the

north of Lanzarote. I subsequently took it, in similar positions,

at El] Golfo, on the west of Hierro; and at Taganana, in the

north of Teneriffe. It would seem to be very rare, occurring in

the moistest and most rotten parts of the Kuphorbias,—beneath

the loose outer fibre towards the dower portions of the stems (and

even of the roots), which come in direct contact with (and are

often buried in) the damp earth. It varies considerably in size ;

and is rather more black, parallel and opaque than the common

T. mauritanica, its prothorax is more quadrate and remotely

punctured, and with its extreme angles less produced, its elytra

are very much more deeply punctate-striated, and its antennee are

shorter, and with their three apical joints internally enlarged (or

serrated) into an abrupt club, after the fashion of the Madeiran

T. serrata,—to which indeed, although conspicuously distinct

from it, it is much more nearly allied.

8. Trogosila recta,* n. sp.

7. elongata, subdepressa, piceo-fusca, subopaca ; capite protho-

raceque profunde sed haud dense oblongo-punctatis, hoc ad

latera oblique recto, angulis anticis porrectis, angulis ipsis-

simis posticis exstantibus; elytris fusiformi-parallelis, pro-

funde crenato-striatis.

Long. corp. lin. 3.

Habitat Lanzarotam borealem, in trunco quodam Euphorbiz

semel capta.

Though certainly distinct from it, the present Trogosita is very

closely related to the Madeiran TZ. serrata. It is, however, a

little darker and less parallel than that insect (its prothorax being

a little wider in front, and the elytra a little more evidently di-

lated behind the middle); its prothorax is not quite so densely

punctured, more coarsely margined, and straighter (though oblique)

at the sides—with its anterior angles more porrected, and its

Coleoptera of the Canary Islands. 145

extreme basal ones more prominent; its whole body is a trifle less

cylindric ; and its tibise are less evidently pubescent along their

inner edge. In its habits, too, it would appear to recede from

that species—the unique example which has come under my

notice having been taken from out of a dead Euphorbia-stem at

Yé, in the north of Lanzarote, during our encampment there in

March, 1859; whereas the 7’. serrata has hitherto been detected

only about the houses of Funchal and amongst various articles of

commerce——leading to the supposition that it has probably been

accidentally introduced into the island,

In its mode of life, indeed, the 7. recta seems to be coincident

with the Jatens; nevertheless it may be immediately known from

that insect by its much smaller size, less parallel outline, and

reddish-brown hue (the latens being black), by its less depressed

upper-surface, by the straighter sides and more porrected anterior

angles of its prothorax, by its less deeply striated elytra, and by

its rather shorter and less clavated antennee—the ultimate joint

particularly being considerably less developed.

Fam. COLYDIADE.

Genus Evroprs.

Woll., Ins. Mad. 149, pl. iii. f. 2 (1854).

4, Europs impressicollis,* Woll.

7}, angustus, subcylindrico-linearis, nitidus et parce pubescens ;

capite prothoraceque rufo-ferrugineis, profunde et remote

punctatis, hoc elongato-quadrato, in disco profunde longitudi-

naliter impresso ; elytris posterius paulo angustioribus, punc-

tato-striatis, pallido-testaceis sed ad apicem (necnon interdum

etiam per suturam et circa scutellum) nigro-infuscatis ;

pygidio infuscato ; pedibus testaceis.

Long. corp. lin. 1—14.

Europs impressicolhs, Woll., Ins. Mad. 150, pl. iii. f. 2 (1854).

a —— Woll., Cat. Mad. Col. 50 (1857).

Habitat insulas Canarienses in truncis ramulisque Euphorbiarum

emortuis ubique vulgaris.

This insect, which is found also in Madeira (and from the

characters of which I originally established the genus Europs, in

1854), is abundant in the dead Huphorbia-stems throughout the

Canarian archipelago,—on all the islands of which I have cap-

tured it, except Gomera; though there can be but little doubt

VOL. 1. THIRD SERIES, PART II1.—MAY, 1862. L

146 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on the Euphorbia-infesting

that it must exist there also. Perhaps the main reason why I

did not observe it during our short stay in that island is, that I

had merely an opportunity of examining the rotten branches of

the E. canariensis ; whereas it is principally in the decayed wood

of the other Euphorbias that it subsists: nevertheless I took a

nearly-allied species (described below) out of the /. canariensis in

Gomera. It does not often attach itself to the #. canariensis ;

though in most of the other EKuphorbias it is extremely common,

occurring (independently of elevation) wherever the plants pre-

sent themselves. It may be readily known from the E. duplicatus

by (énter alia) its slightly narrower, less shining, and longitudinally-

impressed prothorax (which has its large punctures scattered

irregularly about, instead of being gathered into a double series

on the disc), by its rather less deeply striated and posteriorly-

subattenuated elytra, and by its usually broader and darker

pygidium.

5. Europs duplicatus,* n. sp.

£. angustus, subcylindrico-linearis, nitidus et parcissime pu-

bescens ; capite prothoraceque pallide rufo-ferrugineis, pro-

funde et remote punctatis, hoc subquadrato, convexo, integro,

nitidissimo, punctis discalibus in seriebus duabus dispositis ;

elytris subparallelis, sat profunde punctato-striatis, pallido-

testaceis, sed ad apicem nigro-infuscatis ; pygidio triangulari,

rufescente ; pedibus testaceis.

Long. corp. lin. 1—vix 14.

Habitat ins..Gomera, in ramis putridis Huphorbie canariensis

in montibus supra San Sebastian crescentis, Februario ineunte

A.D. 1858 a meipso detectus.

The distinctions between the E. duplicatus and impressicollis

may be gathered readily both from the diagnosis and the obser-

vations given above. I may however just add, that its more

shining, entire, and slightly broader prothorax (which has its

discal punctures gathered into a double Jongitudinal-row), in con-

junction with its somewhat more glabrous surface, more deeply

punctured and more parallel elytra (the posterior portion only of

which is generally dark,—the suture and scutellary region being

almost invariably pale), and its slightly narrower and more rufous

pygidium, will at once abundantly characterize it. The only

spot in which I have hitherto observed it is in the island of

Gomera,—where, during my short sojourn there, with Mr. Gray

and the Rev. Rk. T. Lowe, at the beginning of February, 1858,

Coleoptera of the Canary Islands. 147

I took it, not uncommonly, from out of the putrid stems of the

Luphorbia canariensis, on the hills to the north of San Sebastian.

Fam. CUCUJID.

Genus Cautonomus, nov. gen. (PI. VII. fig. 2.)

Corpus parvum, parallelo-elongatum: capite sat magno, oculis

haud prominentibus, juguli angulis anticis vix exstantibus sed

(oculo valde oblique) superne longe ante oculos observandis :

prothorace (necnon etiam capite ab oculos usque ad clypeum,

sed vix pone oculos) stria longitudinali tenui elevata utrinque

instructo, elongato, angustulo, sublineari: mesothorace superne

sub-observando, scutedlo transverso: edylris apice paulo trun-

cato-abbreviatis, pygidium vix tegentibus: alts amplis: ab-

domine e segmentis ventralibus 5 composito, segmento apicali

reliquis (haud conjunctis) paulo longiore. Antenne (fig. 2a)

longe ante oculos insert, capite prothoraceque paulo brevi-

ores, clavate, articulo 1mo maximo subgleboso, 2do multo

minore subquadrato, 3tio hoc vix graciliore fere obtriangu-

lari, 5 sequentibus (i.e. usque ad clavam) obturbinatis sub-

zequalibus (8vo praecedenti vix minore), reliquis clavam

magnam elongatam valde laxam triarticulatam efficientibus

(9no et 10mo turbinato-poculiformibus, i.e. poculifermibus

sed ad apicem parte media argute determinata auctis, 11mo

bis angustiore, subovato ad apicem contracto). Labrum (fig.

2b) porrectum, subquadratum (i.e. ad latera fere rectum,

angulis anticis paulo rotundatis sed ad apicem integrum),

antice ciliatum. Mandibule (fig. 2c) valida, longiuscule,

angustee, acuta, ad apicem paulo inflexze bidentate et intra

apicem (preesertim in una) dente tertio instructa, basin

versus membrana transversa auctee. Mawille (fig. 2 d) bi-

lobze: lobo externo lato, intus et apice valde pubescenti :

interno minuto, angustissimo, calvo, ad apicem subito inflexo

et acutissime uncinato. Palpi mazillares articulo 1mo mi-

nuto, 2do multo majore crassiore clavato, Stio breviusculo

subovato, ultimo hoc vix longiore sed graciliore subfusiformi :

labiales (fig. 2e) articulo 1mo parvo subcurvato, 2do 3tio-

que majoribus longitudine subeequalibus (illo clavato, hoc vix

breviore ovato). JMentum breve, transversum, apicem versus

paulo attenuatum necnon ad apicem late et profunde excavato-

emarginatum. Ligula subcornea, longiuscula, antice lato-

divaricata, apice leviter biloba sed vix pilosa. Pedes sat

robusti, breviusculi: femoribus (praesertim posticis) crassius-

148 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on the Kuphorbia-infesting

culis: ¢ibiis gracilibus, breviter bicalearatis: tarsis (nisi

fallor) ut in Lemophleo, 5-articulatis sed in maribus hetero-

meris ; articulo Imo in utroque sexu minutissimo, zegerrime

observando, intra tibiarum apicem (in posterioribus saltem)

recondito.

Obs. Genus inter ELurops (Colydiadum) et Lemophleeus

(Cucujidum) aliquo modo situm,—ad illum habitu generali,

prothorace ‘elongato subparallelo in disco longitudinaliter

notato elytrisque truncato-abbreviatis, sed stria sublaterali

prothoracica, maxillis et fere labro necnon articulo antennali

octavo magnittdine deminuto cum hoc melius congruens.

A generibus illis ambobus tamen antennarum labrique sub-

quadrati structura, praeter ceetera valde conspicua, omnino

discedit.

A xavX0cg, caulis, et véuw, incolo.

The curious little insect, the details of which are described

above, would appear, in many respects, to be intermediate between

Lurops (of the Colydiade), with which it lives in society, aud

Lemophleeus (of the Cucujide); though its most essential features

would certainly indicate a closer affinity with the latter than with

the former. In its general facies it is perhaps more suggestive of

Europs than of Lemophleeus,—its elongate and almost parallel

prothorax (which has a slight central depression down the disk,

answering to the much deeper one of the /. wnpressicollis and the

double series of punctures in the £. duplicatus), in conjunction

with its apically abbreviated elytra, being points in which it nearly

coincides with that genus. Nevertheless in the whole of its instru-

menta cibaria, and the structure of its antenna, as well as in its

less truncated elytra, it recedes entirely from Europs, and makes

a much nearer approach to the various groups of the Cucujide.

With Lemophleeus and Phleeostichus, indeed, Caulonomus has an

immense deal in common—agreeing with the former in its minute,

unciform, inner maxillary-lobe, and (to a considerable extent) in

the shape of its labial organs and palpi; whilst its clavated

antenne (with their enlarged basal joint and diminished eighth

one) almost tally with those of the latter. But I would regard its

sublateral prothoracie costa, and the reduced ante-claval articula-

tion of its antennz, as more significant than anything else in affili-

ating it with the Cucujide—this peculiarity in the dimensions of

the eighth joint being strongly expressed in Pediacus and Phleos-

tichus, and also in most of the Lemophloei and Silvani, whilst the

prothoracic line is more or less indicative of the Cucujide gene-

rally. In most of the Cucujide@ this hair-like submarginal costa

Coleoptera of the Canary Islands. 149

is very distinct, and is eontinued along the sides of the head like-

wise (in the same manner as it is along the pronotum); but in

Caulonomus (which would appear to be osculant between that

family and the Colydiade) the prothoracic line is very delicate,

and only just traceable, whilst the hinder region of the head is

free from it altogether—it being only indicated on the anterior

portion, namely, from the clypeus to either eye. I lay less stress

on the construction of its: feet, because the basal joint in most of

the Cucujid@ is of such infinitesimal magnitude as to be extremely

difficult of observation—so that it is slice almost impossible to

decide for certain whether it be absent or present; and it is, con-

sequently, a character concerning which we may be liable to err.

Nevertheless I may state that, so far as I have been able to

satisfy myself on the subject, I believe that the tarsi are (as regards

the number of their articulations) on the type of those of Lemo-

phlceus and the allied groups, namely, pentamerous in the females

and heteromerous in the males (the basal one, in both sexes, being

excessively minute, and buried in the apex of the tibia).

Having thus stated the main points in which our present genus

agrees with the Cucujide, and with Lemophleus and Phlceonomus

in particular, I may add that it is removed from them in the exact

proportions of its antennal joints (the second and third of which

are shaped somewhat like those in Pediacus, whilst the ultimate

one is much narrower than the preceding two), in its large sub-

quadrate and apically-truncated upper-lip, in its narrower man-

dibles, in the rather shorter terminal-articulation of its palpi, and

in its posteriorly-abbreviated elytra (which leave the pygidium

exposed, though not so much as is the case in Europs).

6. Caulonomus rhyzophagoides*, n. sp. (Pl. VII. fig. 2.)

C. angustus, piceus vel rufo-piceus, nitidus et fere calvus [oculo

valde armato minute et parce pubescens]; capite protho-

raceque minute punctulatis, hoc antice vix latiore, in disco

(presertim antice) leviter longitudinaliter impresso; elytris

leviter punctato-striatis, plus minus piceo-ferrugineis, ad

apicem necnon interdum circa scutellum plerumque nigres-

centioribus; antennis piceis, basi rufescentioribus ; pedibus

ferrugineo-piceis.

Variat colore omnino dilutiore.

Long. corp. lin. 1—14.

Habitat ins. Lanzarota, Teneriffa et Hierro, in ramulis Euphor-

biarum emortuis und cum Lurops impressicollis degens, sed multo

rarior.

First detected by Mr. Gray and myself, during January, 1858,

150 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on the Euphorbia-infesting

in the rotten branches of the various Euphorbias, on the Risco

(above the Salinas), in the north of Lanzarote; and two examples

were subsequently captured by Mr. Gray in the island of Hierro.

In February and May of the following year I took it, in similar

spots, on the mountains above Sta. Cruz of Teneriffe-—but, also,

very sparingly. It appears, like the Lurops impressicollis, with

which it lives in company, to be confined entirely to the Euphor-

bias—in most of the species of which I have observed it, except

the Z. canariensis. At first sight it so nearly resembles its asso-

ciate that it might be easily mistaken for it; and it is possible,

therefore, that we may have occasionally overlooked it amongst

the specimens of that insect.

Genus Lamoruta@us.

Erichson, Nat. der Ins, Deutsch. iii. 315 (1848).

7. Lemophleeus clavicollis, Woll.

L. angustus, rufo-ferrugineus, subnitidus, pubescens; capite

prothoraceque subconvexis, punctulatis; elytris striatis nec-

non (ad latera saltem) longitudinaliter costatis ; pedibus rufo-

testacels. .

Mas, antennis paulo longioribus, capite postice et prothorace

antice latioribus.

Long. corp. lin. 3—1.

Lemophleus clavicollis? Woll., Ins. Mad. 163 (1854).

? Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 53 (1857).

Habitat insulas Canarienses, sub cortice Euphorbiarum laxo

ubique frequens.

I_ have been compelled to query this insect simply because I

have not now the types of the Z. clavicollis, in my possession, for

comparison: but I believe that it is strictly identical with the

Madeiran species; and I think it is not unlikely, moreover, that

the L. vermiculatus, of the ‘Insecta Maderensia,” will prove to

be, after all, but a small state of the clavicollis. Be this, however,

as it may, the present insect is universal throughout the Canarian

archipelago, on all the islands of which I have captured it, except

Gomera (where, nevertheless, it must doubtless exist likewise).

I have taken it from beneath the loose bark of the various Euphor-

bias in Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Grand Canary, Teneriffe, Palma

and Hierro; and even on the little island of Lobos, in the Bo-

cayna Strait. It may be known by its very parallel outline

(especially of the female sex, in which the head is not at all

Coleoptera of the Canary Islands. 151

enlarged), sericeous surface and minute size—the smaller speci-

mens descending to two-thirds of a line in length, whilst the

larger ones do not exceed a line. Although more particularly

attached to the Euphorbias, it is, apparently, not exclusively so,

as I have occasionally found it under the bark of the larger trees.

Genus Pristoscetis, nov. gen. (P). Will. fig. 3.)

Corpus sat parvum, parallelo-elongatum, valde depressum,

calvum: capife sat magno, oculis prominulis : prothorace sub-

quadrato, aquali (i. e. vix foveolato, haud strié sublaterali im-

presso, nec ad latera denticulato): scutello transverso: elytris

amplis: abdomine e segmentis ventralibus 5 composito, An-

tenne (fig. 3a) longe ante oculos inserta, capite prothorace-

que vix breviores, clavate, articulo Imo sat magno sub-

globoso, 2do paulo minore, 3tio lengiore sed vix graciliore,

sequentibus 5 (i. e. ad clavam) tertio paulo brevioribus, inter

se subaequalibus (nec alternatim majoribus et minoribus),

reliquis clavam elongatam laxam triarticulatam sed haud

abruptam efficientibus (9no 10moque subpoculiformibus,

1lmo angustiore subgloboso), Labrum parvum, submem-

branaceum, sub clypeo postice absconditum, antice paulo

rotundatum longissime et dense ciliatum. Jfandibule (fig.

3b) validze, longiusculee, subtriangulares, acute, ad apicem

paulo inflexze et (preesertim una) longe bifide, intus mem-

bran& robusta subpubescenti aucte. Maaille (fig. 3c)

bilobee : lobo externo angusto, pubescenti: interno latiore, ad

apicem ipsum minute sed acute uncinato et intra apicem

longissime setoso-pubescenti. Palpt maxiliares articulo Imo

parvo fiexuoso, 2do majore crassiore subclavato, 3tio paulo

breviore, ultimo hoe haud latiore sed longiore fusiformi:

labiales (fig. 3d) articulo Imo parvo subflexuoso, 2do ma-

jore crassiore subclavato, ultimo maximo crasso ovato apice

acuminato. Mentum transversum, basi latum, apicem versus

facile sed valde angustius, ad apicem ipsum recte truncatum.

Ligula in media parte cornea cordata, sed ad apicem lobis

duobus membranaceis tenuissimis divergentibus valde etl onge

pubescentibus aucta. Pedes sat robusti: tbiis ad apicem

externum oblique truncatis, ad internum breviter bicalcaratis,

poslicis (fig. 3e) in sexu masculo curvatis validis et per

marginem internum dentibus (circa 9 vel 10) distinctis inter

se disjunctis remotis armatis: tarsis pilosis in utroque sexu

pentameris et inter se similibus; articulis 1mo, 2do et 3tio

magnis latiusculis subzequalibus (aut etiam vix longitudine

152 Mr. fT. Vernon Wollaston on the Euphorbia-infesting

decrescentibus), gradatim leviter bilobis, 4to minuto inter lobos

tertii sub-recepto, ultimo longissimo vix clavato unguiculis

magnis simplicibus munito.

Obs. Genus Pediaci formam simulans et illo affinitate proxi-

mum ; sed prothorace simplici (nec ad latera denticulato),

antennarum articulis intermediis inter se subeequalibus (nec

alternatim majoribus et minoribus), maxillarum lobo externo

angustulo, interno latiore et ad apicem ipsum distincte unci-

nato (nec inarmato), ligwA in medio corned cordata, mento

ad apicem haud emarginato, tibiis posticis masculis curvatis

et per marginem internum fortiter ac mirande denticulatis,

necnon tarsorum articulo basali (in utroque sexu) magno,

secundi longitudine (nec minuto), preeter cetera, a Pediaco

recedit.

A xpicroc, qui lignum serra desecat, et oxeAlc, tibia [i. e.

tibia mascula postica |].

So nearly, at first sight, does the present genus assimilate

Pediacus, that it was not until I had examined it critically that I

perceived its distinctions,—which, nevertheless, are very important

ones. Thus, not only is its pronotum simple (being alike free

from discal foveze and lateral denticulations), but its intermediate

antennal joints are subequal (instead of being alternately large and

small, as in the members of that group) ; its outer maxillary-lobe,

also, is much narrower than is the case in the Pediacz, whilst the

inner one (instead of being unarmed) is minutely uncinate at the

tip; the central portion of its ligula is subcorneous and singularly

cordate ; its mentum is totally unemarginate in front; its first

tarsal-articulation (instead of being minute) is large, and quite

equal to (if not indeed somewhat longer than) the second ; and its

hinder male-tibize are most curiously developed,—being curved

and robust, and beset internally with nine or ten most distinct

(but totally disconnected) teeth. In its flattened body, pallid hue

and general contour, Pristoscelis agrees with Pediacus.

8. Pristoscelis deplanatus, n. sp. (PI. VII. fig. 3.)

P. rufo-ferrugineus, depressus ; capite prothoraceque confertis-

sime punctatis; elytris rufo-testaceis, subnitidis, leviter punc-

tato-striatis, singulo costé submarginali elevata longitudinali

instructo ; antennis pallide rufo-ferrugineis ; pedibus rufo-

testacels.

Long. corp. lin. 12—2.

Habitat ins. Teneriffa, Palma et Hierro, sub cortice Euphor-

Coleoptera of the Canary Islands. 153

biarum laxo arido (necnon rarius etiam in Pinis canariensibus),

passim.

The P. deplanatus was taken abundantly, by myself, during

February, 1858, from under the dry outer fibre of dead Euphor-

bias, at a low elevation in the region of El Golfo, on the west of

Hierro; and, in less profusion, by Mr. Gray, in the east of that

island. It does not appear, however, to be confined exclusively

to the Euphorbias (though evidently most partial to them); as I

captured a single example, during the following May, beneath the

bark of a Pinus canariensis at the Agua Mansa of Teneriffe ; and

another, in a similar position, at the edge of the Barranco above

Santa Cruz of Palma. Out of 65 specimens now before me, 32

are males and 33 females.

Fam. TELMATOPHILIDA.

Genus Tuatuestus, nov. gen, (PI. VII. fig. 4 et 6.)

Corpus parvum, oblongum vel elliptico-oblongum, subconvexum,

pubescens: prothorace ad latera minutissime subcrenulato et

strid elevaté sublaterali utrinque instructo: sculello trans-

verso: alis amplis. Antenne (fig. 6a) capitis prothoracisque

longitudine, subgraciles, clavate, articulo Imo leviter robusto,

2do graciliore paulo breviore, sequentibus 7 (i.e. ad clavam)

latitudine subequalibus, a 3tio longiusculo longitudine gra-

datim decrescentibus reliquis clavam magnam laxam abrup-

tam biarticulatam efficientibus (10mo magno poculiformi,

11mo orbiculato basi truncato). Labrum submembranaceum,

transversum, antice rotundatum integrum ciliatum. Mandi-

bule (fig. 6b) validze, acute, ad basin externam fisso-sinuate,

intus excisee ciliatee et membran4 aucte. Mawzille (fig. 6c)

bilobe: lobo externo subovato, apice valde et longe pube-

scenti: imterno paulo breviore, valde pubescenti, inarmato.

Palpi mazillares articulo 1mo angusto flexuoso, 2do 3tioque

crassioribus subgqualibus, ultimo elongato, fusiformi basi

truncato: dabiales (fig. 6d) articulo Imo subflexuoso, 2do

paulo longiore crassiore, ultimo maximo crasso subsecuri-

formi-truncato. Mentum amplum, elongatum, basi latum,

inde ad apicem valde et facile angustatum, summo apice sat

profunde excavato-emarginato. Ligula cornea, quadrata,

apice membrana divergenti pilosé aucta. Pedes (fig. 6 e)

graciles : dibiis gracilibus, apice calcaratis: farsis 5-articulatis,

subtus longe pilosis, articulis Imo, 2do et 3tio subaequalibus

(2do paulo longiore), inter se (preesertim Imo et 2do) arcte

applicatis (suturis valde obliquis et agre observandis), 4to

154 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on the Euphorbia-infesting

minutissimo, ultimo elongato subclavato unguiculis simpli-

cibus munito.

Obs. Genus Biphyllo proximum, sed antennis longioribus,

articulis intermediis magis elongatis, stria prothoracica se-

cunda (i.e. interna) obsoleta, tibiis gracilioribus, tarsorum

articulis primo et secundo inter se arctius applicatis, necnon

speciebus pallidis concoloribus, distinctum.

A @ad\6c ramulus, et ferdc, delectatus.

Although at first sight not very apparent, nevertheless after a

close examination of it, I have no doubt whatever on the affinities

of this interesting genus. It is unquestionably closely allied to

Biphyllus and Diploceelus,—with which in the details of its oral

organs and feet, as well as in its sublateral prothoracic costz, it is

almost coincident ; and the only question that can arise is, as to

the position which, in a natural system, these few much disputed

forms should occupy. Without wishing to discuss this point in

the present paper, [ may just add that I am rather inclined, with

M. Jacquelin-Duval, to regard these genera as the exponents of

a separate family, the Telmatophilide, and so retain the A/yceto-

phagide within the restricted limits imposed upon it by Erichson,

—its representatives having their tarsi tetramerous, but with the

anterior pair in the male sex trimerous. It is undoubtedly true

that the habits and external facies of the insects under considera-

tion are nearly identical with those of the Mycelophagide ; and so

closely indeed does the Canarian Thallestus assimilate Typhea,

that it might be almost mistaken for a member of that group:

nevertheless the details of its mouth have very little in common

with it, whilst (together with those of its feet) they accord entirely

with the corresponding parts of Biphylius. Moreover none of the

Mycetophagide proper | possess, so far as | am aware, the very

significant character of sublateral prothoracic costa and grooves

which is so conspicuous in Biphyllus, Diploceelus and Thallestus,

and which would tend to affiliate them with the various genera ap-

proaching Lemophloeus, &c. of the Cucujide, rather than within

+ Mycetea, it is true, has a submarginal costa on its pronotum well defined ;

and there is a slight indication of one even in the nearly-allied Symbiotes: but I

do not regard either of these as belonging to the Myretophagide proper,—their

exact position being disputed by almost every Coleopterist who has treated of

them. Some have placed them with the Endomychide, some with the Cryptopha-

gid, others with the aberrant Mycetophagide ; whilst, more recently, a separate

family has been proposed for their reception. Of the near affinity, however, with

the Telmatophilide, and certain members of the Cryptephagide, there can, I think,

be no doubt.

Coleoptera of the Canary Islands. 155

those around Mycetophagus. As to their connection with the

Clerid@, in juxta-position with which some authors have placed

them, it is difficult to conceive in what it can possibly consist.

Although so similar to Biphyllus, in its structural minutie,

Thallestus is nevertheless certainly distinct from it. The two

species described below are of a uniformly pallid hue, having no

tendency to fascize, or markings of any kind; their antenna, also,

are longer and slenderer than is the case in Biphyllus (the inter-

mediate joints particularly being more elongate), their tibize are

narrower, and the edges of their prothorax are less coarsely

crenulated,

9. Thallestus subellipticus,* n. sp. (PI. VII. fig. 4.)

T. elliptico-oblongus, ferrugineus, breviter sericeo-pubescens ;

prothorace convexo, transverso, parce punctato, ad latera

vix zqualiter rotundato (basi subconstricto); elytris (una

cum antennis pedibusque) clarioribus, convexis subellipticis

basi truncatis, leviter substriato-punctatis, limbo incrassato.

Long. corp. lin. 13.

Habitat in ramis putridis Euphorbie canariensis, in montibus

supra Sanctam Crucem Teneriffe mense Februario a.p, 1859 a

meipso repertus.

The rather larger size and more elliptic outline of this species,

in conjunction with its convexer and more jinely sericeous surface,

its less abbreviated and somewhat posteriorly-constricted pro-

thorax, its altogether lighter sculpture, and the more thickened

margin of its elytra, will separate it readily from the 7. ty-

pheoides. Its sublateral prothoracic costa, also, is a little more

evident; and there are just traceable indications of a second line

on either side of the pronotum behind, within the other (or outer

one). The few specimens of it which have as yet come beneath

my notice were captured by myself, during February, 1859, in

the putrid stems of the Euphorbia canariensis, on the mountains

above Santa Cruz of Teneriffe.

10. Thallestus typheoides,* n. sp. (PI. VII. fig. 6.)

T. oblongus, angustulus, ferrugineus, longe et dense pubescens ;

prothorace brevi-transverso, parce et profunde punctato, ad

latera aequaliter rotundato; elytris (una cum antennis pedi-

busque) clarioribus, subparallelis, substriato-punctatis, limbo

vix Incrassato.

Long. corp. lin. i3—vix 12.

156 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on the Euphorbia-infesting

Habitat ins. Gomere, Februario ineunte a.p. 1858 in ramis

Euphorbie canariensis putridis sat copiose captus.

As may be gathered from the foregoing remarks, the 7’. Ty-

pheoides may be distinguished from the last species by its rather

smaller size and narrower and more parallel outline, as well as

by its less convex surface, coarser and longer pubescence, by its

shorter prothorax (which is equally rounded at the sides), deeper

sculpture, and by the less thickened margin of its elytra. I have

observed it hitherto only in the island of Gomera, where, early in

February, 1858, I took it in considerable profusion from out of

the rotten branches of the Euphorbia canariensis on the hills im-

mediately to the north of San Sebastian,—in which locality it was

subsequently captured by Mr. Gray.

Fam. CRYPTOPHAGID.

Genus CrypropHacus.

Herbst, Kaf. iv. 172 (1792).

11. Cryptophagus fusiformis, n. sp.

C. cblongo-fusiformis, angustulus, fusco-ferrugineus, pube

minus elongata subdepressa vestitus ; prothorace profunde

et dense punctato, ad latera subrecto, denticulo medio acuto ;

elytris subfusiformibus (i. e, antice et postice subattenuatis,

vel ibidem utrinque oblique subtruncatis), sat dense punc-

tatis ; alis obsoletis.

Long. corp. lin. vix #.

Habitat Teneriffam, preecipue sub cortice Euphorbiarum in

montibus supra Sanctam Crucem crescentium deprehensus.

The small size and rather narrow and fusiform outline of this

Cryptophagus, in conjunction with its short and depressed pube-

scence, the somewhat straightened sides of its prothorax, and

(which is very unusual in the present genus) its obsolete wings,

will sufficiently distinguish it. In its habits it is more strictly in-

digenous than most of the Canarian Cryptophagi, occurring in

spots far removed from habitations,—such as at Las Mercedes,

and from beneath the bark of dead Euphorbias on the mountains

above Santa Cruz, of Teneriffe (which is the only island in which

I have hitherto observed it).

Fam. LATHRIDIADA.

Genus CorricaRia.

Marsham, Ent. Brit. i. 106 (1802).

12. Corticaria maculosa, Woll.

C. elongato-ovata, fulvo-ferruginea, pubescens; capite pro-

Coleoptera of the Canary Islands. 157

thoraceque profunde punctatis, hoc ad latera crenulato, fovea

postmedia minus profunda impresso ; elytris substriato-punc-

tatis, macula nigra postmedia plus minus distincta in singulo

ornatis ; antennis apicem versus obscurioribus.

Long. corp. lin. 1—1}.

Corticaria maculosa, Woll., Ann. of Nat. Hist. (Ser. 3), ii. 408

(1858). |

Habitat insulas Canarienses, sub cortice Euphorbiarum laxo de-

siccato, passim.

The C. maculosa occurs also in the Madeiran group,—having

been characterized by myself, in 1858, from specimens taken near

Funchal. It does not appear to be attached exclusively to the

Euphorbias, though certainly more common beneath the dead

outer fibre of them than elsewhere ; so that it could not properly

be omitted in the present Paper. It seems universal (though no-

where very abundant) throughout the Canarian archipelago,—

Grand Canary being the only one of the seven islands on which I

do not happen to have observed it. I have even captured it from

out of the old Euphorbia-stems on the little island of Lobos, in

the Bocayna Strait. It is a somewhat variable insect, the post-

medial patch of its elytra being at times (especially in immature

examples) quite obsolete,—in which case the surface is wholly

ferruginous. The specimens which I found at El Golfo, on the

west of Hierro, were principally of this latter character.

Fam. HISTERIDA.

Genus Evrrietus, nov. gen. (PI. VII. fig. 7.)

Corpus parvum, oblongum, glaberrimum: capite subretractili,

stria frontali integra instructo: prothorace transverso-sub-

quadrato, apice sat emarginato, ad latera ipsa strid marginali

notato; prosterno angusto, bistriato, basi rotundato producto,

lobo antico magno lato subcarinato, antice rotundato: me-

sosterno brevi, apice leviter emarginato, prosterni basin re-

cipiente ; scutel/o minuto, triangulari: elytris leviter striatis :

alis amplis. Antenne (fig. 7a) sub angulo frontis inserte ;

scapo magno, subflexuoso et apicem versus valde incrassato ;

Junculo distinctissime 6-articulato, articulo Imo elongato

clavato, reliquis brevibus longitudine subzequalibus, latitudine

vix crescentibus; capitulo abrupto, solido, globoso-ovato.

Labrum breve, transversum, subcorneum, angulis anticis ro-

tundatis, apice fere integrum. Mandibule equales, sub-

triangulares, apice inflexee acute, intus infra apicem dente

158 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on the Euphorbia- infesting

magno armatee, inde ad basin longe pubescentes. Mazille

(fig. 7b) bilobee: lobo externo membranceo, longissime et-

dense pubescenti: interno breviore, per marginem externum

usque ad apicem ipsum anguste et valde incrassato, uncum

obtuse incurvum efficiente, intus membranaceo et dense pube-

scenti. Palpt mazxillares articulo 1mo parvo flexuoso, 2do

3tioque majoribus subeequalibus incrassatis, ultimo elongato,

fusiformi basi truncato: labiales articujo 1mo minuto, 2do

3tioque elongatis subaequalibus (illo subclavato, hoc fusiformi

basi truncato). MM/entum corneum, tringulare apice truncatum

et ibidem profunde excavatum. Ligula subcornea, apice in

medio longissime pencillata necnon ad latera paraglossis maxi-

mis angustis tenuissimis membranaceis divaricatis interne

ciliatis aucta. Pedes robusti: femoribus crassis, subquadrato-

oblongis: dibizs intus inermibus, curvatis (preesertim anteriori-

bus); anticis (fig. 7 ¢) latis extus angulato-tridendatis ; znter-

mediis vix angustioribus, extus ineequalibus et 4-spinosis ;

posticis basin versus angustis, ante apicem subito leviter

dilatatis et ibidem extus bispinulosis ; anticarum angulo apicala

interno in spinam elongatam corneam curvatam exstantem

producto: tarsis articulo Imo elongato, 2do, 3tio, 4to bre-

vioribus subeequalibus, ultimo elongato vix clavato unguiculis

simplicibus munito.

Obs. Genus funiculo distinctissime G-articulato, capitulo

abrupto solido, maxillarum lobo interno apice robuste (sed

anguste) uncinato, necnon tibiarum anticarum angulo apicali

interno in spinam corneam elongatam excurvatam producto,

inter genera Histeridum adhuc cognita anomalum.

Ab év, bene, et r9/Bw, frico.

Amongst the forty-four genera of the Histeride so elaborately

enunciated in De Marseul’s Monograph, there is certainly nothing

which approaches the present one in its most distinctive features.

Indeed its 6-jointed funiculus would of itself suffice to characterise

it; for the only known form in which this particular number of joints

(or in fact less than seven) prevails, in that portion of the antenne,

is Monopolius (of which hitherto but a single exponent has been

detected) from the Cape of Good Hope,—an insect widely dif-

ferent from Eufriplus in the other details of its structure. Its

various peculiarities will be easily gathered from the diagnosis;

nevertheless I may just add that its two most anomalous ones

(apart from its funiculus) are the formation of its inner maxil-

lary-lobe and of its anterior tibizee,—the former of which is cu-

riously uncinated at its apex (the outer margin being thickened

Coleoptera of the Canary Islands. 159

into a narrow rim, which merges into an obtusely-curved hook at

the tip); whilst the latter has its inner apical-angle produced into

a long and acute spine, which, being outwardly-directed, gives

that portion of the leg a very singular appearance. The insect

on which I have erected the genus is as remarkable in its habits

as it Is in its structure,—being confined exclusively (so far as I

have hitherto observed) to the moist and rotting Huphorbia-stems

throughout the various Islands of the Canarian archipelago, re-

siding principally at the ower portions of them, where they come

in contact with (and are often buried in) the damp earth.

13, Eutriptus putricola,* n. sp. (Pl. VI. fig. 7.)

i, aterrimus, subconvexus, politissimus; capite prothoraceque

minute et parce punctulatis; elytro singulo striis duabus

obscuris humeralibus obliquis, duabus sublateralibus integris,

quatuor levioribus interruptis remote punctatis (plus minus

obsoletis) discalibus et una suturali antice evanescenti notato ;

antennis pedibusque piceis, illarum capitulo testaceo.

Long. corp. lin. 1—1}.

Habitat insulas Canarienses, sub cortice Euphorbiarum laxo

putrido, hine inde vulgaris.

This insect is probably universal, in the rotten Euphorbia-stems,

throughout the Canarian archipelago; nevertheless, up to the

present time, I have taken it in only five islands out of the seven,—

namely, Lanzarote, Fuerteventura (and even on the small adjacent

rock of Lobos), Grand Canary, Teneriffe and Hierro. It was

first captured by myself and Mr. Gray on the Risco (above the

Salinas) in the north of Lanzarote, during January, 1858; but I

took itin much greater abundance, subsequently, in the Huphorbia-

grounds near Orotava of Teneriffe, and in the lower district of El

Golfo, on the west of Hierro.

Genus Evpracuium, nov. gen. (Pl. VII. fig. 9.)

Corpus minutum, plus minus rotundato-ovale, ubique sub-

zequaliter punctatum necnon parce et breviter pubescens :

capite subretractili, strid frontali obsoleta: prothorace antice

attenuato, apice sat emarginato, longe intra ljatus stria pro-

fund& magnd utringue notato; prosterno latiusculo, sub-

quadrato, versus utrumque latus strié longitudinali sub-

curvata instructo, basi in medio vix producto rotundato, lobo

antico lato brevi subtruncato: mesosterno brevi, ad angulos

anticos oblique truncato, apice leviter emarginato, prosterni

160 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on the Euphorbia-infesting

basin recipiente ; scutelio minutissimo, subtriangulari: elylris

haud striatis (aut saltem striis, una vel duabus, obsoletissimis

brevibus obliguis prope humeros vix observandis). An-

tenne (fig. 9a) sub angulo frontis (in sinu minutissimo) in-

sertze; scapo magno, flexuoso et apicem versus valde in-

crassato; funiculo 7-articulato, articulo Imo elongato cras-

siusculo, 2do paulo breviore graciliore, reliquis 5 parvis

subeequalibus longitudine vix decrescentibus ; capitulo ab-

rupto, solido, subgloboso-ovato basi paulo truncato. Labrum

breve, transversum, angulis anticis rotundatis, apice sub-

rotundatum integrum. Mandibule (fig. 9b) subporrecte,

zequales, subtriangulares, apice inflexee acute, intus mox

infra apicem (presertim in una) dente acuto armatee, in

medio membrana tenuissima pubescenti instructe. Mazille

(fig. 9c) bilobze: lobo externo lato, tenuissime membranaceo,

pubescenti: interno breviore, angustiore, per marginem ex-

ternum usque ad apicem ipsum angustissime incrassato,

uncum brevem obtuse incurvum efficiente, intus mem-

branaceo et dense pubescenti. Palpi mazxillares articulo

Imo minutissimo, 2do elongato crassiore subclavato, 3tio

hujus Jatitudine sed brevi, ultimo elongato-ovali: labiales

(fig. 9d) e scapis ligule connatis surgentes, articulo Imo

gracili flexuoso, 2do hujus longitudine sed crassiore sub-

poculiformi, ultimo longiore crassiore subovato. Mentum

magnum, corneum, transversum, basi latum sed usque ad

angulum utrumque anticum acutum gradatim etiam latius,

antice utrinque bi-emarginatum (excavatione externd magna

profunda subobliqua, internaé minore angustiore) necnon in

medio recte truncatum. Lzgula membranacea, antice para-

glossis magnis tenuissimis membranaceis divaricatis aucta.

Pedes elongati, graciles: femoribus rectis, gracilibus: tibis

intus inermibus, subcurvatis, gracilibus, sed anticis (fig. 9 e)

a medio usque ad apicem extus subito et valde dilatatis,

patellam elongato-subquadratam externam breviter spinu-

losam efficientibus, intermediis et sosticis gracilibus (illis

extus versus apicem parce setulosis, his mere breviter pube-

scentibus): ¢arszs filiformibus, articulis Imo, 2do, 3tio, 4to

inter se subeequalibus (longitudine latitudineque vix decre-

scentibus), ultimo leviter elongato subfiliformi unguiculis

simplicibus munito.

Obs.—Genus menti sternorumque forma aliquo modo

Epierus simulans, sed species sunt minores (minutissime),

ubique grosse subzequaliter punctatee necnon etiam breviter

Coleoptera of the Canary Islands. 16]

(sed parce) pubescentes, elytris haud striatis et pronoto longe

intra utrumque latus strié magna profunda impresso ; preeter

hee pedum gracilium structur4, tibiis anticis a medio usque

ad apicem in patellam elongato-subquadratam extus subito

dilatatis ab omnibus Histeridis mihi cognitis omnino disce-

dunt.

Ab ev, bene, et Bpayiwy, brachium.

The anomalous little insects for which the present genus is

established are quite unrepresented (unless indeed I am very

much mistaken) in De Marseul’s elaborate Monograph. In the

construction of their sterna, broad, membraneous outer max-

illary-lobe and their maxillary-palpi, as well as in their large and

apically bi-emarginated mentum, they have indeed a good deal in

common with Epierus; but in their excessively minute size,

coarsely and regularly punctured, and (beneath a high magnifying

power) even sparingly-pubescent surfaces, unstriated elytra, and

the wide and deep line with which either side of their pronotum

is impressed at a considerable distance within the edge, would,

apart from other differences, at once separate them from the

members of that group. Nevertheless their peculiarly structural

features are still more remarkable,—amongst which the abbre-

viated second joint of their labial palpi, which is not longer (al-

though broader) than the first, their narrowly uncinated inner

maxillary-lobe (as in Hutriptus), and their rather long and slender

legs, accompanied with the sudden and singular dilatation of the

anterior-tibize (which are expanded on their outer edge, from the

middle to the apex, into an elongate-squarish plate), should be

especially noticed. In the formation of their tarsi, also, the first

four joints of which are subequal (the basal one being, if anything,

a trifle larger than the others), no less than in the elongate second

joint of their funiculus (which is but slightly shorter than the

preceding one), the exponents of Eubrachium still further recede

from the Epieri.

14. Eubrachium ovale,* n. sp. (Pl. VII. fig. 9.)

B. nigrum, ovale, subnitidum, punctatum, parce et minutissime

cinereo-pubescens ; prothorace ad latera subsinuato, strid

laterali subcurvata; elytris postice subattenuatis ; antennis

pedibusque piceis, illarum capitulo pallido-ferrugineo.

Long. corp. lin. $—vix 1.

Habitat sub cortice Euphorbiarum laxo putrido in regione “ El

Golfo” dict& insula Hierro, mense Februario a.p. 1858, una

cum Futripto captum.

VOL. I. THIRD SERIES, PART 11,——-MAY, 1562. M

162 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on the Euphorbia-infesting

Found exclusively, so far as I have hitherto observed, beneath

the loose rotten bark of the Euphorbias, particularly about the

lower portions of the stems (where they come in contact with the

damp earth),—under which circumstances I took it, along with

(though far scarcer than) the Eutriptus putricola, in the region of

El Golfo, on the west of Hierro, during February, 1858. In

company with it I also captured a closely allied species, the

E. politum,—from which, however, the EZ. ovale may be known by

its rather larger size and less rounded outline, by its somewhat

more depressed, less shining and less glabrous surface, by its

prothorax being more sinuated at the sides (with its sublateral

line more curved), and by its entire punctuation being stronger

and much more dense. It is likewise nearly related to a third}

species, which seems to be confined to the laurel-districts of

higher elevations; but is a little more oval in outline (being just

perceptibly less acute both before and behind), less deeply punc-

tured, and with its sublateral prothoracic line a trifle less straight-

ened,—it being more evidently curved-outwards at the base (towards

the posterior angle). For the figure of the E. ovale I am in-

debted to Professor Westwood.

+ I subjoin a diagnosis of this third species,—which will serve to point out its

distinctions from its two near allies, described above.

Eubrachium punctatum, n. sp.

B. nigrum, elliptico-ovale (antice et postice subacutum), subnitidum, pro-

funde punctatum, parce et minutissime cinereo-pubescens ; prothorace lon-

giusculo, ad latera subsinuato, stria lateralisubrecta ; elytris postice attenu-

atis, punctis sub-suleato-confluentibus ; antennis pedibusque piceis, illarum

capitulo ferrugineo.

Long. corp. lin. 3—vix 1.

Habitat in locis editioribus sylvaticis Teneriffe et Palme, rarissimum.

Apart from its attachment to the laurel-regions of intermediate and lofty ele-

vations (in lieu of the Ewphorbia-districts of the lower altitudes), the E. puncta-

tum may be recognized from the ovale (to which it is very closely allied) by

being a little more elliptic in outline (or subacute both before and behind), by its

distinctly coarser punctuation (especially of the elytra, where the punctures have

a tendency, when viewed beneath the microscope, to be disposed in irregular

longitudinal grooves, or furrows,—and, therefore, in a measure, sub-confluent),

by its antennal-club being more brightly ferruginous, and by its lateral protho-

racic line being straighter,—or not at all curved-outwards at the base (as in that

species) towards the posterior angle. It appears to be very scarce, oceurring

under the bark and chippings of forest-trees within the damp sylvan districts. I

have taken it in the wood of the Agua Garcia, as also above Taganana and at Las

Mercedes, of Teneriffe ; and in the Barranco de Galga, of Palma.

Coleoptera of the Canary Islands. 163

15. Eubrachium politum,* n. sp.

B. piceo-nigrum, rotundato-ovale, convexum, nitidum, parce et

leviter punctatum, fere calvum ; prothorace ad latera oblique

subrecto, strid laterali subrecta; elytris postice attenuatis ;

antennis pedibusque piceis, illarum capitulo ferrugineo.

Long. corp. lin. 2—3.

Habitat ins. Lanzarote et Hierro, sub cortice Euphorbiarum,

rarissimum.

The present insect may be known from its two allies by being

somewhat smaller and more convex, by its more rounded outline

and brighter and more glabrous surface, by its prothorax being

straighter (though very oblique) at the sides, and by its’ punc-

tuation being altogether finer and much less dense. Three speci-

mens of it only have as yet come beneath my notice,—two of

which I captured, in company with the last species and Eutriptus

putricola, from under the loose bark of Euphorbias in the lower

region of El Golfo, on the west of Hierro, during February,

1858; and the other on the Huphorbia-covered cliffs above the

Salinas, in the north of Lanzarcte, during March of the following

year.

Fam. CLERIDE.

Genus Cierws.

Geoffroy, Ins. des Env. de Paris, 303 (1764).

At first sight the interesting little insect described below might

be almost referred to the genus Omadius; nevertheless on closer

inspection it will be found (judging from the published diagnosis)

to lack the main features of that group,—as, for instance, the sub-

approximate eyes and simple mandibles. I would regard it,

therefore, as a Clerus, with which in its oral organs it has suffi-

ciently in common. Its antennze are perhaps somewhat slenderer

than in the typical Cleri, and the terminal joint of its labial-palpi

is a little more elongate, whilst that of its maxillary pair is rather

more fusiform, and subattenuated towards its extremity ; but in

its deeply bilobed, membraneous upper-lip and the obtuse tooth

within the apex of its mandibles, as well as in the form of its

(very thin) mentum and ligula, it is nearly coincident with the

ordinary Cleri.

16. Clerus Paive,* n. sp. (Pl. VII. fig. 5.)

C. subzenescenti-nigropiceus, pilis robustis demissis albido-

cinereis yestitus et setulis paucis longissimis erectis ad-

M 2

164 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on the Euphorbia-infesting

spersus ; oculis magnis, prominentibus ; prothorace ad apicem

dilutiore, pone apicem transversim constricto ; elytris fasciis

duabus transversis dentatis (una sc. postmedia et alter ante

apicem) pilorum carentibus (ergo nigris), et punctulis minutis

nigrescentibus longitudinaliter dispositis ornatis; antennis

dilute testaceis, ad apicem obscurioribus ; pedibus testaceis,

femoribus versus apicem, tibiis ad basin ipsam tarsisque

hine inde picescentibus.

Variat antennis pedibusque plus minus obscurioribus.

Long. corp. fin. 13—vix 2.

Habitat Euphorbias emortuas, passim; in ins. Gomera et

Palma solis adhuc haud observavi. Species valde formosa, in-

digena, et in honorem Baronis “Castello de Paiva” Lusitanici,

ob gratias mihi amicissime oblatas, citata.

Of all the Coleoptera enumerated in this Memoir there is none

perhaps more interesting than the present one,—not merely as

being (with the exception of three Corynetes, two of which are

evidently naturalized, and the common Opilus mollis) the only

representative of the Cleride hitherto detected in any of the

Atlantic islands, but likewise as being apparently quite peculiar

to the various Euphorbias which constitute such a striking feature

in the several portions of the Canarian Group. It is decidedly

scarce, and, from its habits, would necessarily escape observation

unless searched for in its special localities; nevertheless when

these have been fully explored, it will probably be found to be

universally distributed throughout the archipelago. At present,

however, it has been observed in only five islands out of the

seven,—namely, in Lanzarote (where it was first detected by

myself and Mr. Gray, during January, 1858, on the Risco, above

the Salinas, in the extreme north), Fuerteventura (near Betan-

curia, in the Rio Palmas), Grand Canary (between Puerto da

Luz and the Isleta), Teneriffe (at Orotava and on the mountains

above Santa Cruz) and (by Mr. Gray, near Valverde, of ) Hierro.

‘There cannot be the slightest doubt, however, that it must exist

equally in Gomera and Palma. I have much pleasure in dedi-

cating it to my worthy friend the Barao do Castello de Paiva,

whose careful researches in Madeira and Portugal have added so

much to our knowledge of the entomological fauna of those

regions, and who is now engaged in collecting additional material

from the Canaries and the Cape de Verdes.

Coleoptera of the Canary Islunds. 165

Fam. ANOBIAD A.

Genus XYLETINUS.

Latreille, Cuv. Régne Anim. (ed. 2), iv. 483 (1829).

17. Xyletinus latitans,* Woll.

X. rufo-brunneus, crebre et minutissime punctulatus (punctulis

oculo valde armate solum observandis) et pube longius-

cula suberecta flavo-cinered tectus ; oculis maximis; elytris

posterius paulo minus convexis, obsoletissime seriatim subcos-

tatis, ad humeros minus oblique rotundatis ; antennis brevi-

bus, testaceis, articulo basilari maximo inflate; pedibus fer-

rugineis, tibiis subgracilibus.

Long. corp. lin. 1218,

Doi meclaans Woll., Miin. of Nat. Hist. (Ser. 3), vii. 14(1861).

Habitat in insulis Lanzarota, Fuerteventura, Teneriffa et Hierro,

sub cortice Euphorbiarum arido laxo latitans.

Whether this insect be peculiar to the Euphorbias, I cannot at

present undertake to say: nevertheless, since the few specimens

which I have detected hitherto were all found beneath the dead

outer fibre of those plants, it seems probable that it may undergo

its transformations, like so many other species, within the rotting

Euphorbia-stems. I have taken it in Lanzarote, Fuerteventura,

near Orotava and Taganana of Teneriffe, and in the lower district

of E] Golfo on the west of Hierro.

Fam. TOMICID.

Genus APHANARTHRUM.

Woll., Ins. Mad. 292 (1854).

Some little qualification (though hardly, perhaps, correction) is

necessary, of my diagnosis of this genus as given in the “ Insecta

Maderensia.” Its funiculus is there stated, unreservedly, to be

3-articulate,—i. e., to consist of a large basal joint, followed by

wo excessively minute ones between it and the club; and certainly

in the exponent (the 4. Euphorbie, from the higher elevations of

Madeira) for which the group was established { am still able to

detect what I believe to be an infinitesimal third joint at the base

of the capitulum,—though, from the oblique implantation of the

funiculus into the latter, this additional “ joint” is only traceable

when the antenna is viewed in a particular direction. Still, this

third articulation (if such) is so diminutive that I would not be

absolutely certain that it is more than an apparent one. At any

rate this conclusion has been somewhat forced upon me lately

through my inability to count more than two funiculus-joints in

166 Mr.T. Vernon Wollaston on the Huphorbia-infesting

three of the Canarian species the antennze of which I have

mounted in balsam for the microscope, and which are unquestion-

ably congeneric with the Madeiran one.{ So that, all things con-

sidered, I think it will be safer to regard the funiculus of Apha-

narthrum as bi-articulate,—with the qualification, however, that in

one species, at all events, there are indications, beneath a high

microscopic power, of what may possibly be an additional joint at

the base of the capitulum. When thus enunciated, the diagnosis

will better accord with what is likely to be observed; whilst the

fact of an extra articulation being faintly indicated in one of the

exponents will leave it an open question whether the funiculus

may not in reality be triarticulate,—even though but two joints

are distinctly traceable in the various members of the group.

As for the descriptions of nine of the species enumerated below

and the diagnostic observations on them, I can scarcely do better

than extract them verbatem from my Paper ‘On the 4phanarthra

of the Canary Islands,” published in the March Number of the

** Annals of Natural History” for last year; the 4. armatum is a

new species. - ;

18. Aphanarthrum luridum,* Woll.

A. \urido-testaceum, pilis longiusculis suberectis sparse vesti-

tum; prothorace sublaevi punctulato, antice minus producto

nigrescente, linea dorsali et stigmate utrinque posito plus

minus nigrescentibus; elytris leviter seriatim punctulatis et

transversim rugulosis, postice leviter truncatis, plag4 discali

nigrescente (in singulo posita) ornatis.

Long. corp. lin. 1.

Aphanarthrum luridum, Woll., Ann. of Nat. Hist. (Ser. 3), v.

163 (1860).

Habitat in ramis emortuis Euphorbie canariensis in ins. Tene-

riffa et Gomera, hinc inde frequens.

In their somewhat larger size, the present species and the fol-

t+ Feeling it possible, however, that a minute third articulation might become

visible under a higher power of the microscope than that which I myself pos-

sessed, I transmitted lately these four antenna to Mr. Waterhouse, for inspec-

tion beneath the admirable instrument at the British Museum ; and I may add,

that his conclusions were precisely the same as my own,—namely, that the funi-

culus was certainly biarticulate, but that in the Madeiran A. Euphorbie there

were obscure indications of what might possibly be an additional (or third) joint,

between the second one and the club. In the figure given in the “‘ Insecta Ma-

derensia” this third articulation (if indeed it be a true one) is made much too

distinct ; nor is there any indication of the funiculus being obliquely implanted

into the capitulum,—a structure which causes this supposed joint to appear on

the surface (1. e. just within the base) of the latter.

Coleoptera of the Canary Islands. 167

lowing one differ from the other Aphanarthra here described.

The 4. luridum may be known by the pale lurid-testaceous hue of

its entire upper-surface, with the exception of a longitudinal dash

on each of its elytra, and the dorsal line of its prothorax (together

with a spot on either side of the latter, and a suffused portion in

front), which are alone more or less dark. Its prothorax is very

much less produced over the head than in the other species, its

punctuation is extremely fine and minute, and its elytra are per-

ceptibly shortened, or obliquely truncated, at their apex. It ap-

pears to be peculiar to the Huphorbia canariensis, in the rotten

stems of which [ have taken it plentifully on the mountains above

Santa Cruz of Teneriffe, and on a hill-summit to the north-west

of San Sebastian in Gomera.

19. Aphanarthrum Jube,* Woll.

A. fusco-nigrum, pilis longis subdemissis mollibus dense vesti-

tum; prothorace subrugoso punctato, antice producto sub-

lurido neecnon ad apicem ipsum tuberculis duobus prominulis

instructo; elytris subseriatim punctatis et transversim rugu-

losis, testaceis, fasciis duabus profunde dentatis nigris (und

sc. magna in medio duplici et altera angustiore subpostica)

ornatis.

Long. corp. lin. 1—14.

Aphanarthrum Jube, Woll., Ann. of Nat. Hist. (Ser. 3), v. 164

(1860).

Habitat in ins. Lanzarota, in ramis dessicatis Huph. Regis-Jube

prope oppidum Haria a meipso a. D. 1859 copiose repertum.

The extremely pubescent surface of this large species, in con-

junction with the small but distinct tubercles in the middle of the

anterior edge of its prothorax (the two central ones of which are

very evident), will, apart from its colouring as defined above, at

once characterise it. It was detected by myself, during March of

1859, in great abundance, amongst a pile of dried stems of the

Euph. Regis-Jube, at Haria, in the north of Lanzarote.

20. Aphanarthrum armatum,* n. sp.

A. nigro-fuscum, pilis brevibus demissis dense vestitum ; pro-

thorace alutaceo et minute punctulato, apice producto acu-

tiusculo vix sublurido et ibidem tuberculis duobus spini-

formibus porrectis subapproximatis instructo ; elytris dense

sed leviter subseriatim punctatis, fascid magna transversa

testaced mox pone basin ornatis; antennis pedibusque in-

fuscato-testacels.

Long. corp. lin. vix 3.

168 Mr.T. Vernon Wollaston on the Euphorbia-infesting

FTabitat Lanzarotam, duobus speciminibus a meipso in trunco

Euphorbize emortuo deprehensis.

When preparing my Paper on the “ Aphanarthra of the Canary

Islands” I overlooked the present species, having (without accu-

rate examination) regarded the two specimens from which the

above diagnosis has been compiled as merely immature ones of

the 4. bicinctum. A more careful inspection of them, however,

shows that (amongst other characters) they have the extreme

apex of their pronotum (which is not at all thickened or recurved)

armed with about four tubercles, of which the inner pair are

comparatively elongated, acute, somewhat spiniform, and sub-

approximated. Indeed in this respect they approach the 4. Jube;

nevertheless, apart from the different shape of these minute pro-

jections (the inner two of which are relatively longer, more por-

rected, and placed closer together), the 4. armatum may imme-

diately be known from that insect by its very much smaller size,

and by its considerably shorter, finer and more decumbent pube-

scence ; by its alutaceous prothorax (which is rather acuter, and

less decidedly diluted, at its extreme apex); by its entire punc-

tuation being closer and less coarse; and by its elytra (so far

indeed as I am able to judge from the two examples now before

me) being ornamented by merely a large transverse pallid fascia

immediately behind their base. It was taken by myself in Lan-

zarote (I believe in the vicinity of Haria), along with the 4. Jube,

affine and bicinctum.

21. Aphanarthrum canariense,* Woll.

A, latiusculum, fusco-nigrum, pilis brevissimis parce vestitum ;

prothorace subconvexo alutaceo granulato, antice producto

lurido necnon ad apicem ipsum acuminato incrassato (fere

subrecurvo) ; elytris dense seriatim punctatis et transversim

rugulosis, brunneo-testaceis, fascia dentaté magnd media

nigra (plus minus suffusd) crnatis.

Long. corp. lin. 3—4.

Aphanarthrum canariense, Woll., Ann. of Nat. Hist. (Ser. 3), v.

164 (1860).

Habitat in ramis putridis Euph. canariensis in ins. Canaria,

Teneriffa, Gomera, Palma et Hierro, vulgare.

The just perceptibly broader and shorter outline of this species

(in proportion to its size), together with its extremely short pu-

bescence, its dense (but not very coarse) elytral sculpture, and

the much acuminated apex of its prothorax, which is very percep-

tibly thickened (with a slight tendency to be recurved) at its

Coleoptera of the Canary Islands. 169

extreme point, will serve to characterize it. The testaceous por-

tions of its elytra are browner than in the other Aphanarthra

(except the 4. bicinctum) here described; the hinder elytral fascia

is obsolete, and the anterior one is broad and more or less suf-

fused, and with its central loop continuous and well-defined—not

being broken up into two separate portions. It seems principally,

if not, indeed, entirely, attached to the decayed stems of the

Euph. canariensis, under which circumstances I have captured it

in Grand Canary, Teneriffe, Gomera, Palma and Hierro.

22. Aphanarthrum bicinclum,* Woll.

A. fusco-nigrum, pilis-sat brevibus vestitum ; prothorace alu-

taceo dense granulato, antice producto vix pallidiore ; elytris

seriatim punctatis et transversim rugulosis, brunneo-testaceis,

fasciis duabus dentatis nigris (und sc. magna et altera angus-

tiore subpostica) ornatis.

Long. corp. lin. 3—#.

Aphanarthum bicinctum, Woll., Ann. of Nat. Hist. (Ser. 3), v.

165 (1860).

Habitat in ramis emortuis Euph. balsamifere in ins. Lanzarota

et Fuerteventura, vulgare; in Canaria et Teneriffa rarius.

In the brownish-testaceous hue of the lighter portions of this

insect, and the unbroken form of its front elytral fascia, it agrees

with the 4. canariense. It is, however, much smaller than that

species, its pubescence is not quite so short, its hinder elytral

fascia is developed, and the apex of its prothorax is usually

darker and much less acuminated. Its habits also are different;

for whilst that insect is apparently confined (or, at any rate, nearly

so) to the Huph. canariensis, the A. bicinctum is attached princi-

pally to the E. balsamifera (and I believe, also, though more

sparingly, to the H. Regis-Jube), in the stems of which I have

taken it abundantly both in the north of Lanzarote and near the

town of Santa Maria Betancuria in Fuerteventura. In Grand

Canary it is scarcer, and still more so in Teneriffe.

23. Aphanarthrum bicolor,* Woll.

A. pallido-testaceum, subdiaphanum, pilis paucis erectis remote

vestitum ; prothorace subtillissime alutaceo sparse et minute

punctulato, antice producto necnon ad apicem ipsum acu-

minato incrassato, linea dorsali, macula transversa subpostica

et lined transvers4 subanticd (plus minus confluentibus suf-

fusis) nigris; elytris remote seriatim punctulatis (punctulis

minutis), fasciis duabus profunde dentatis nigris (una se.

magna in medio duplici et altera angustiore subpostica) ornatis.

170 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on the Euphorbia-infesting

Variat lineis maculisque plus minus fractis, disjunctis, rarius

subobsoletis.

Long. corp. lin. 3—1.

Viianastheum ee Woll., Ann. of Nat, Hist. (Ser. 3), v.

165 et 362 (1860).

Habitat in ins. Teneriffa, Palma et Hierro, in ramis Euphor-

biarum emortuarum (preecipue L. piscatorie), sat frequens.

A most distinct and beautiful Aphanarthrum, readily known by

its pale whitish-testaceous hue, diaphanous (or subhyaline), slightly

shining, almost unpubescent, and most lightly punctured surface,

and by the quantity of dark patches and broken fascize with which

it is ornamented. It occurs in the dead branches of (I believe

principally) the Huph. piscatoria, under whick circumstances it

was taken by myself in Teneriffe and Palma, and by Mr. Gray

and myself in Hierro. I have likewise captured it from out of

the stems of the same plant in Madeira; where, however, the

specimens have their elytra a trifle more distinctly punctured, and

the interstices somewhat more roughly alutaceous, or shagreened.

24. Aphanarthrum affine,* Woll.

A, angustulum, fusco-nigrum, pilis suberectis sat dense vesti-

tum; prothorace alutaceo punctato granulato, antice pro-

ducto lurido necnon ad apicem ipsum leviter acuminato

incrassato ; elytris seriatim punctatis, testaceis, fasciis duabus

profunde dentatis nigris (und sc. magna in medio duplici et

altera angustiore subpostica) ornatis.

Long. corp. lin. $—vix 1.

Aphanarthrum affine, Woll., Ann. of Nat. Hist. (Ser. 3), v. 166

(1860).

Habitat in ramis emortuis Euphorbiarum in ins. Lanzarota,

Fuerteventura et Canaria, hinc inde frequens.

This species and the following one are a good deal allied. The

A. affine, however, is rather larger and a little less densely pu-

bescent, and its elytra are somewhat more parallel and less closely

sculptured, the punctures being more evidently arranged in rows

than is the case with the 4. piscatorium. Its elytral fascize, also,

are much more distinct; and the anterior one is more decidedly

double in its central region, like that of the 4. Jube, bicolor and

glabrum. It was taken abundantly, by Mr. Gray and myself, out

of the Euph. balsamifera, in the north of Lanzarote, and by myself

Coleoptera of the Canary Islands. 171

at Betancuria in Fuerteventura, as well as (out of the E. prscatoria)

at E] Monte in Grand Canary. It is a good deal allied, in general

facies, to the Madeiran 4. Euphorbie ; nevertheless it is slightly

smaller than that insect, its pubescence is longer, its prothorax

less acuminated in front, and its elytral punctures are much larger,

fewer, and more evidently disposed in rows.

25. Aphanarthrum piscatorium,* Woll.

A. fusco-nigrum, pilis suberectis dense vestitum; prothorace

alutaceo dense punctato, antice producto leviter acuminato

sublurido; elytris dense subseriatim punctatis et transversim

rugulosis, dilute testaceis, fasciis duabus profunde dentatis

nigris (und sc. magna et alteré angustiore suffusa postica)

ornatis.

Long. corp. lin, 2—3.

Aphanarthrum piscatorium, Woll., Ann. of Nat. Hist. (Ser. 3),

v. 166 et 361 (1860).

Habitat in ins. Teneriffa, Palma et Hierro, in ramis E. pisca-

tori@ emortuis, vulgare.

A rather insignificant little species, closely allied to the last one.

It may be known from it, however, by its smaller size and some-

what more pubescent surface, by its elytra being just perceptibly

less parallel, more densely sculptured, and with their punctures

much less evidently disposed in rows, and by its elytral fascia

(the front one of which is simple, or at any rate less clearly dis-

jointed in the centre) being (especially the hinder one, which is

usually continued to the very apex) less distinct. I found it

tolerably common, in the decayed stems of the Luph. piscatoria, in

Teneriffe, Palma and Hierro,—in the last of which islands it was

also captured by Mr. Gray. It likewise occurs attached to the

same plant, in the lower elevations of Madeira.

26. Aphanarthrum glabrum,* Woll.

A. fusco-nigrum, fere pilis carens; prothorace dense alutaceo

punctato, antice producto leviter acuminato subincressato

(fere bituberculato) sublurido; elytris leviter subseriatim

punctatis, testaceis, fasciis duabus profunde dentatis nigris

(una sc. magna in medio duplici et alterd angustiore sub-

postica) ornatis.

Long. corp. lin. 3 — vix 3.

Aphanarthrum glabrum, Woll., Ann. of Nat. Hist. (Ser. 3), v.

167 (1860).

172 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on the Euphorbia-infesting

Habitat in ramis truncisque Euphorbiarum in ins. Hierro,

rarius.

The almost total freedom from pile (except under a high mag-

nifying power) of this little Aphanarthrum, in conjunction with its

very lightly sculptured elytra (the punctures of which are but in-

distinctly disposed in rows), will, ¢zéer alia, separate it readily

from all of the preceding species. It appears to be rare, the only

specimens which I have yet seen having been captured by myself

in the island of Hierro.

27. Aphanarthrum pusillum,* Woll.

A. minutum, nigro-fuscum pilis cinereis vestitum ; capite leviter

elongato, subporrecto; prothorace angustulo subelliptico

punctato, antice leviter producto et subito contracto acumi-

nato; elytris dense subseriatim punctatis, concoloribus, ad

humeros in tuberculum indistincte elevatis ; antennis pedi-

busque pallidioribus.

Long. corp. lin. 3 — vix 3.

Aphanarthrum pusillum, Woll., Ann. of Nat. Hist. (Ser. 3), v.

- 167 (1860).

Habitat in ramis Euph. canariensis putridis, in ins. Canaria,

Teneriffa et Gomera, a meipso repertum.

The excessively minute size and uniformly dark-brown hue of

this little Aphanarthrum, in conjunction with its rather elongated

subporrected head and its somewhat elliptic, anteriorly contracted

prothorax, will at once distinguish it from any of the preceding

species. In my notes on the Aphanarthra, published in the

“ Annals of Natural History” for last year, I stated that this

diminutive insect might perhaps constitute eventually the type of

a new genus; but on mounting lately one of its antennze in bal-

sam for the microscope, it is constructed on the exact pattern

which obtains in the 4. Jube (namely, with certainly éwo funiculus-

joints, if indeed there be not in reality, as already intimated, an

infinitesimal third one,—such as seems to be faintly indicated in

the Madeiran 4. Euphorbie): so that there appears to be no suf-

ficient reason for separating it from the several preceding mem-

bers of the group. So far as I have observed hitherto, the 4.

pusillum is peculiar to the Huph. canariensis, in the rotten stems of

which I have captured it (in the great crater of the Bandama) in

Grand Canary (on the mountains above Santa Cruz), in Teneriffe,

and (on a hill-summit to the north-west of San Sebastian) in

Gomera.

‘oleoptera of the Canary Islands. 173

Genus LrerPparturRuUM.

Woll., Ins. Mad. 294 (1854).

28. Letparthrum curtum, Woll.

L. brevi-cylindricum, ferrugineum, pilis rigidis cinereis vesti-

tum; prothorace amplo, tuberculis duobus minutis mox infra

apicem armato, antice obscuriore ; elytris rugulosis, obscure

substriato-punctatis ; antennis (capitulo obscuriore excepto)

tarsisque testaceis.

Long. corp. lin. }—Z.

Leiparthrum curtum, Woll., Ins. Mad. 298 (1854).

— —, Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 97 (1857.

Habitat in ins. Lanzarota, Fuerteventura, Canaria, Teneriffa,

Palma et Hierro, passim.

I have but little hesitation in referring the present insect to the

LL. curtum (a species which was established by myself, in 1854, on

a single individual taken near Funchal in 1848); for although the

Canarian exponents are somewhat larger than the type from which

I drew out my diagnosis, they possess so completely, in all other

respects, the characters to which I drew attention, that I cannot

but conclude that my original example must have been an acci-

dentally small one,—a supposition which the capture, during my

last visit to Madeira, of a series of specimens ‘{ corresponding

precisely with the Canarian ones would certainly tend to corrobo-

rate. It is by no means peculiar to the Euphorbias; nevertheless

since it is very frequently to be met with in the dry branches of

those plants, it could scarcely be omitted from the present paper.

I have taken it in Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Grand Canary,

Teneriffe, Palma and Hierro.

29. Leiparthrum inarmatum,* Woll.

LL. breviter subovato-cylindricum, fusco-nigrum, pilis rigidis

cinereis (praesertim postice) vestitum ; prothorace antice sub-

attenuato inarmato (1. e. tuberculis carente); elytris profunde

striato-punctatis, interstitiis leviter elevatis, apicem versus

plerumque paulo dilutioribus necnon ad apicem subtruncatis ;

antennis (capitulo vix obscuriore excepto) tarsisque testaceis.

Long. corp. lin. 2—3.

+ These specimens were found boring into an old paling above Porto da Cruz,

on the eastern side of the island, during January, 1859. Athough somewhat

broader than the L. bituberculatum, like their Canarian representatives they are

of about the same length as that insect, —ranging from two-thirds to seven eighths

of a line,

174 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on the Huphorbia-infesting

Leiparthrum inarmatum, Woll., Ann. of Nat. Hist. (Ser. 3) v.

364 (1860).

Habitat in ramulis Euphorbiarum emortuis, in ins. Lanzarota,

Canarid, Teneriffa, et Palma parce captum.

The present little Letparthrum is, likewise, found in Madeira,—

where it was detected by myself, on the 23rd of December, 1858,

in dead branches of the Huph. piscatoria between Point Oliveira

and the Brazen Head, to the eastward of Funchal. It was from these

examples that I draw out my diagnosis of the species in 1860 ;

nevertheless I had previously captured several (during January,

March and June of the same year) in Lanzarote, Grand Canary,

Teneriffe and Palma. So far as I have observed hitherto, both at

Madeira and the Canaries, it is quite peculiar to the wood of the

decayed Euphorbias. It may be at once known from the L. cur-

tum by its usually darker and less ferruginous hue (it being

generally nearly black in front but more piceous posteriorly), by

its less parallel outline (the elytra being slightly expanded, and

obliquely-subtruncated, at their apex,—where moreover they are

densely clothed with long and robust pile), by its untubercled

prothorax, and by the comparatively large punctures, and raised

intestices, of its elytra.

30. Letparthrum Lowei,* n. sp.

LZ. minutum, breviter cylindricum, nigrum vel fusco-nigrum et

pilis rigidis cinereis zequaliter vestitum ; prothorace brevius-

culo, inarmato, postice subsinuato; elytris striato-punctatis, -

omnino concoloribus, ad apicem integris; antennis pedibusque

piceis.

Long. corp. lin. 3.

Habitat Teneriffam, prope oppidum Garachico in caulibus Eu-

phorbiarum emortuis a Revdo. Domo. Lowe nuperrime detectum,

—cujus in honorem speciem stabilivi.

This very interesting and minute Letparthrum has just been

communicated by the Rev. R. T. Lowe, who detected several

specimens of it in dead Luphorbia-stems, during April of the

present year, near Garachico, in Teneriffe. In its diminutive size

it might at first sight be mistaken for a dwarfed state of the L.

inarmatum, but on closer inspection it is abundantly distinct from

that insect. Thus, it is not only smaller than the smallest examples

of the imarmatum, but it is usually of a blacker (and quite con-

colorous) hue; it is also of a strictly cylindric outline (being

neither widened nor subtruncated posteriorly), with its prethorax

Coleoptera of the Canary Islands. NGS

shorter and sznuated along its extreme base, and with its elytra

(the interstices of which are not raised) less deeply punctured, and

without any additional sete at their apex. Its limbs, moreover,

are considerably darker than is there the case. Its structural

characters are quite those of Leiparthrum, the proportions of its

4-jointed tarsi and funiculus being precisely similar to what ob-

tains in the other members of the group. Its front-tibiz, however,

are not entirely unarmed,—there being two short, obtuse teeth on

their outer edge. I have much pleasure in dedicating it to its

discoverer, whose recent explorations in the Canarian archipelago

have added some valuable material to my collection.

Fam. CURCULIONID.

Genus Pui@ornacus.

Schénherr, Gen. et Spec. Cure. iv. 1047 (1838),

31. Phloeophagus cauliwm,* Woll.

P. nigro-piceus ; prothorace valde profunde punctato ; scutello

vix observando; elytris oblongo-ovatis, profunde punctato-

striatis, interstitiis vix convexis ; pedibus piceis, tibiis sub-

curvatis, tarsorum ‘articulo tertio distincte dilatato bilobo;

antennis piceo-ferrugineis, capitulo ovali.

a. prothorace valde profunde punctato, elytris sat profunde

punctato-striatis, interstitiis depressiusculis. [/ns. Lanzarota.]

f. prothorace vix densius leviusque punctato, elytris paulo

profundius punctato-striatis, interstitiis paulo magis convexis.

[ Ins. Fuerteventura. |

Long. corp. lin. 13—vix 2.

Phleeophagus caulium, Woll., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (New

Series), v. 370 (1861).

Habitat in ins. Lanzarota et Fuerteventura, caules Euphorbia-

rum emortuos ubique destruens.

In my Paper on “ The Atlantic Cossonides,” lately published in

the ‘“‘ Transactions of the Entomological Society of London,” I

gave full diagnoses of the various Canarian Phlceophagi,—observ-

ing that the present species differs from its Atlantic congeners by

having, amongst other features, a scarcely visible scutellum : in-

deed, in the generality of specimens it is quite impossible, even

beneath the microscope, to detect the smallest traces of a scu-

tellum ; though occasionally one may just be observed, in the form

of a minute transverse plate. The P. caulium is further remark-

able for its excessively deep and coarse sculpture, for its tibize

176 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on the Euphorbia-infesting

being rather less straightened than is the case in most of its allies,

and by the third joint of its feet being very distinctly expanded

and bilobed. It abounds in the dead Euphorbia-stems of Lanza-

rote and Fuerteventura, having a just perceptibly different phasis

(indicated above) for either island; but I have not yet observed

it in any other part of the Canarian archipelago.

Genus Mesires.

Schonherr, Gen. et Spec. Cure. iv. 1043 (1838).

32. Mesites fusiformis,* Woll.

M. nigro-piceus, nitidus, depressus, fere calvus; fronte inter

oculos profunde foveolata; prothorace in disco levissime et

parce punctulato, sat obscure carinato necnon postice in medio

impresso et ibidem profunde sub-biseriatim punctato; elytris

plus minus rufescentioribus, postice attenuatis, profunde

punctato-striatis, interstitiis planiusculis, minutissime et parce

punctulatis; antennis pedibusque rufescentioribus.

Mas, rostro punctulato, ad antennarum insertionem paulo ro-

tundato-ampliato; prothorace versus latera vix profundius

densiusque punctato; femoribus subtus subdentatis.

Fem., rostro graciliore, tereti, polito, rufo-piceo, ad anten-

narum insertionem (i. e. mox ante basin ipsam) paulo ampliato;

prothorace versus latera multo profundius densiusque punc-

tato; femoribus subtus muticis.

Long. corp. lin. 1;—3.

Mesites fusiformis, Woll., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (New Series),

v. 405, pl. 19, f. 7 et 9 (1861).

Habitat insulas Canarienses, in Euphorbiis emortuis ubique vul-

garis.

The M. fusiformis is a most abundant insect, in the decayed

Euphorbia-stems, throughout the Canarian archipelago,—Palma

being the only island in which, up to the present time, I do not

happen to have observed it; though there can be but little doubt,

I should imagine, that it must exist there also. Nevertheless it

is certainly somewhat remarkable that the few specimens of Mesites

which I chanced to take in that island from out of the decayed

Euphorbias should have belonged to another, but closely allied,

species. Full observations on its diagnostic characters are given

in my memoir on the ‘ Atlantic Cossonides” above referred to.

Coleoptera of the Canary Islands. 17

33. Mesites pubipennis,* Woll.

M. precedenti similis, sed lurido-pubescens, prothorace (pre-

sertim in sexu foemineo) densius rugosiusque punctato, ely-

trorum interstitiis convexioribus et magis distincte punctulatis,

necnon striis latioribus et magis profundis.

Long. corp. lin. 12—23.

Mesites pubipennis, Woll., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (New Series),

v. 406 (1861).

Habitat Palmam, in Euphorbiis supra Sanctam Crucem cres-

centibus parce repertus.

As already stated, the few specimens which I have yet seen of this

Mesites were captured by Mr. Gray and myself in Palma (about two

miles up the Barranco de Santa Cruz), —where the species may per-

haps represent the M. fusiformis, which is so abundant through-

out the remainder of the archipelago. At the same time, how-

ever, I cannot conceive it probable that so common an insect

as the M. fusiformis should be absent from Palma,—our visit to that

island having been somewhat too late in the season for the gene-

rality of the Euphorbia-infesting Coleoptera. The M. pubipennis

differs from its ally in being clothed (particularly on the elytra)

with a lurid pubescence, by its prothorax (especially of the female

sex) being more densely and coarsely punctured, as well as by its

elytra having their interstices convexer and more evidently punc-

tulated, and their striz both broader and deeper.

Fam. LAMIAD/.

(Sub-fam. DORCADIONIDES.)

Genus LEerrosoma.

(Dej. Cat.) Thomson, Essai d’une Classif. de la Céramb. 23 (1860).

The remarkable insect for which the present genus was pro-

posed in Dejean’s Catalogue, and which ‘has lately been charac-

terized by M. Thomson, is unquestionably the Lamia gibba of

Brullé,—described and figured in Webb and Berthelot’s “ His-

toire Naturelle des Iles Canaries,” in 1838. It is very closely

related to my genus Deucalion (particularly, however, to the D.

oceanicus from the Salvages, rather than to the D. Desertarum) ;

but I am assured by M. Thomson that it cannot be actually ad-

mitted into that group. In the Zoological Gallery at the Jardin

des Plantes, where I have lately inspected the original type, it

stands under the generic name of Brullaria; but as no such

VOL. I. THIRD SERIES, PART II1,—MAyY, 1862. N

178 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on the Euphorbia-infesting

genus has yet been published, it must necessarily (if it cannot be

amalgamated with Deucalion) be cited as Leprosoma.

34. Leprosoma gibbum,* Brulle.

L. elongato-ovatum, crassum, convexum, densissime cinereo-

et fusco-pubescens; prothorace remote et dense punctato,

tuberculis quinque in disco necnon ad latera spina media

maxima armato; elytris remote punctato-tuberculatis, fascia

postmedia dentata obsoleté fusco-ornatis, singulo costis dua-

bus plus minus distinctis (et tertia obsoletissima) notato nec-

non ad apicem ipsum excavato, dentes duos in singulo positos

efformante.

Long. corp. lin. 7—8.

Leprosoma asperatum, De}. Cat. 372 (1837).

Lamia gibba, Brullé, Webb et Berth. Hist. Nat. des Can. (Col.),

62, pl. 1, fig. 5 (1838).

Leprosoma asperatum, Thoms., Essai d’une Class. de Ja Céramb.

23 (1860).

Habitat truncos Euphorbiarum emortuos, in locis subeditioribus

Fuerteventure et Teneriffz a meipso. lectum.

The Z. gibbum is probably far from scarce if searched for in its

proper localities; but as it is apparently peculiar to the rotten

Euphorbia-stems, it might (like most of the species enumerated in

this Memoir) be easily overlooked by a casual collector in the island,

who might have but little time for observation, and would not be

aware of the interesting fauna nourished by that singular race of

plants. I have seen the larve, however, of this fine Longicorn in

considerable profusion, and have taken the perfect insect not un-

commonly, on the mountains above Santa Cruz of Teneriffe (in the

direction of Las Mercedes), as well as near Betancuria (in the

Rio Palmas) of Fuerteventura. It secretes itself beneath the loose

outer fibre, generally of the larger trunks, and makes a loud stridu-

Jation when captured, like the species of Deucalion, by the upward

and downward movement of its head and prothorax,—an operation

which causes the inner surface of the pronotum to slide over the

dorsal file with which its mesonotum is furnished.

(Sub-fam. SAPERDIDES.)

Genus BiaBINoTUS.

Woll., Ins. Mad. 426, pl. ix. fig. 1 (1854).

The present genus, I am informed by M. Thomson, is identical

with Stenidea of Mulsant and Dereplia of Dejean’s Catalogue ;

Coleoptera of the Canary Islands. M7)

but since the name of Stenidea had already been preoccupied and

that of Deroplia is unpublished, it follows that Blabinotus is the

title by which it must be quoted. Concerning its affinities,

M. Thomson writes: “It belongs, in my opinion, to the Saper-

dite, near to Hebestola of Blanchard ; some Hebestolas have the

prothorax armed, like Blabinotus.” Nearly all the Longicorns

which I would regard as unquestionably indigenous to the At-

antic islands are members of this particular group. It was

enunciated by myself in 1854, for the reception of an insect (the

B. spinicollis) found in the laurel-woods of Madeira, and which I

subsequently captured at the Canaries also,—in the laurel-regions

of Palma and Teneriffe. In 1856 another exponent was added

by Mr. Bewicke,—discovered beneath the bark of pine-trees at

the Palmeira, above Funchal ; which species I described, in 1857,

under the name of B. Benickit. In January, 1858, a third repre-

sentative (the B. pilosus, characterized below) was detected by

Mr. Gray, during our residence in the north of Lanzarote,—a

locality in which I afterwards met with two specimens of it myself.

In February of the same year, whilst visiting the island of Hierro

in Mr. Gray’s yacht, the “‘ Miranda,’ I brushed a fourth (the

B. Hesperus,—as yet unpublished) from off a large bushy Rumea

on the ascent from Port Hierro to Valverde. And in the follow-

ing June, whilst breaking open a rotten cone of the Pinus canari-

ensis in the island of Palma, I brought to light a fifth,—closely

related to (but quite distinct from) the Madeiran B. Benicku ;

whilst the two insects recorded by Brullé as Cerambices, and re-

characterized in this Paper, will raise the number of Blabinoti

hitherto observed in the Atlantic Groups to no less than seven.

Thus, whilst the three here enumerated would appear to be pecu-

liar to the Euphorbias, two, on the other hand, are attached to

the pines, and one no less exclusively to the laurels. As for the

unique specimen from Hierro, of the B, Hesperus, though taken

from off a Rumex, I am scarcely in a position to draw any con-

clusion respecting its mode of life.

35. Blabinotus annulicornis,* Brullé.

B. cylindricus, rufo-piceus, pilis demissis flavo-albidis den-

sissime tectus et longioribus suberectis paucis obsitus ; capite

postice late variegato; prothorace in dorso late pallido, ad

latera nigrescenti et spind medid magna armato, antice et

N 2

180 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on the Euphorbia-infesting

postice subzequaliter constricto; elytris lineis plus minus

fractis nigrescentibus longitudinaliter ornatis; antennis pedi-

busque annulato-variegatis.

Long. corp. lin. 43—73.

Cerambyx annulicornis, Brullé, Webb et Berth., Hist. Nat. des

Iles Can. (Col.) 62, pl. 1, fig. 3 (1838).

Habitat Evuphorbias emortuas, in ins. Teneriffa et Hierro haud

infrequens.

The present species and the following one are very nearly

allied, both in size and external contour; nevertheless the

B. annulicornis may be known from the albidus by the much

yellower hue of its (denser) pubescence, by its head being more

brightly variegated, and its, pronotum broadly pale down the

centre,-—the sides being dark. Its elytra, also, have a much less

tendency for the small, rounded, paler spots which are generally

pretty evident in that insect; whilst, on the other hand, the

darker longitudinal lines are somewhat more evident, and usually

less broken. Its surface, likewise, beneath the pile, is more

rufo-piceous ; and its lateral prothoracic spine, although large, is

rather less powerfully developed. The two species, however, are

so nearly akin, that had one but single specimens to judge from

they might have been almost regarded as phases of each other ;

nevertheless out of fifty-six examples in my possession (twenty

of which belong to the B. annulicornis and thirty-six to the

albidus) there is certainly nothing at all connective between the

two. I may add that, during a late visit to Paris, I compared

these insects with M. Brullé’s original types at the Jardin des

Plantes, and am quite certain therefore of the correctness of my

identification of them. The B. annulicornis appears to be more

abundant in the western islands than in the eastern ones, of the

Canarian Group. At any rate I have not observed it hitherto in

Lanzarote, Fuerteventura and Grand Canary ; but have captured

it (not uncommonly) out of the dried Euphorbia-stems on the

mountains above Santa Cruz of Teneriffe, as well as in the lower

regions of El Golfo on the west of Hierro.

36. Blabinotus albidus,* Brullé.

B. cylindricus, piceus, pilis demissis albidis dense nebulosus et

longioribus suberectis obsitus ; prothorace ad latera spind

media maxima armato, antice et postice subaequaliter con-

stricto ; elytris punctulis albidis plus minus distinctis irroratis

Coleoptera of the Canary Islands. 181

et lineis fractis nigrescentibus obscuris longitudinaliter orna-

tis; antennis pedibusque annulato-variegatis.

Long. corp. lin. 44—8.

Cerambyx albidus, Brullé, Webb et Berth., Hist. Nat. des Iles

Can. (Col.), 62, pl. 1, fig. 4 (1838).

Habitat in ins. Lanzarota, Fuerteventura et Teneriffa, Kuphor-

bias emortuas destruens.

The distinctions between the present species and the last one

have already been pointed out,—the whiter and less dense pube-

scence of the B. albidus, in conjunction with its almost concolorous

pronotum, its still more powerfully developed prothoracic spine,

its less evident and more broken elytral lines, and its usually

more perceptible (and paler) elytral spots, being at once sufficient

to separate it from the B. annulicornis. Its long, suberect addi-

tional hairs, also, are for the most part even less numerous than

is the case in that insect. I have taken it, from beneath the loose

outer-fibre of dead Euphorbia-stems, in Lanzarote and Fuerte-

ventura; as also at Taganana, and on the mountains above Santa

Cruz of Teneriffe.

37. Blabinotus pilosus,* n. sp.

B. angusto-subcylindricus (apice vix attenuatus), piceus, pills

demissis subflavo-albidis densissime tectus et longioribus sub-

erectis sat dense obsitus; prothorace ad latera spina media

brevi anguliformi armato, postice magis quam antice con-

stricto; elytris lineis fractis nigrescentibus obscuris longi-

tudinaliter ornatis ; antennis pedibusque annulato-variegatis.

Long. corp. lin. 4—6.

Habitat in Lanzarota, rarissimus: primus detexit Dom. Gray.

The narrower outline of the B. pilosus (the elytra of which are

but slightly wider than the hinder region of the prothorax), in

conjunction with its much shorter, and almost anguliform, pro-

thoracic spine, and the comparatively broader anterior portion of

its prothorax (which is much less constricted than the hinder half),

and its denser suberect additional pile, will readily separate it from

both of the preceding species. It is apparently very rare, and was

first detected by John Gray, Esq., near Haria, in the north of

Lanzarote, during our sojourn there in January, 1858; in which

same locality I subsequently captured two specimens myself,

during January of the following year.

182 Mr.'T. Vernon Wollaston on the Huphorbia-infesting

Fam. HALTICID.

Genus Hattica.

Geoffroy, Hist. Abr. des Ins. de Paris, 1. 244 (1762).

38. Haltica Paivana,* Woll.

H. ovato-oblonga, nitida, profunde dense et rugose punctata,

late metallica (modo cyanea, modo viridi-cyanea, modo

geneo-cuprea) ; prothorace transverso-subquadrato, ad latera

marginato subrotundato, angulis ipsis posticis leviter promi-

nulis acutiusculis; antennarum basi pedibusque rufo-testaceis,

antennis versus apicem, femoribus anterioribus ad basin, fe-

moribus posticis omnino, necnon tarsorum apicibus plus

minus nigrescentibus.

Mas vix minor, oculis magis prominulis tarsorumque anteriorum

articulo basilari paulo dilatato.

Variat (ezeneo-cuprea) pedibus in utroque sexu omnino pallidis.

Long. corp. lin. 1—1}.

Haltica Paiwana, Woll., Journ. of Ent. i. 2 (1860).

* Habitat in ins. Lanzarota, Canaria, Teneriffa et Hierro, folia

Euphorbiarum destruens.

The present insect is the only one included in this memoir which

is attached to the foliage of the Euphorbias, all the others being

found strictly within the rotten stems; and indeed I should not

have admitted the H. Paivana into it, were it not apparently quite

peculiar to those singular plants. I need scarcely add, that

numerous flower-resorting Coleoptera (such as Anaspis, Dasytes

and Attalus) may be found accidentally on the Euphorbias ;

but such are mere chance visitors, and have no more connection

with the plants than with any other members of the Canarian

flora: but since the present Haltica is purely of “ Euphorbia-

infesting habits,” I cannot properly omit it from the Paper. It is,

as I stated in my enumeration of the Halticide of these islands

published in the first number of the “Journal of Entomology,”

‘““a metallic species of very variable colour, shading-off from bright

cyaneous-blue into golden-green, and almost, at times, into

coppery-brown,” It was taken by Mr. Gray and myself, during

January, 1858, in the north of Lanzarote (in which locality I again

captured it, after a year’s interval); as also, by myself, in Grand

Canary (on the mountains above San Martao), Teneriffe (near

Laguna, Orotava and Santa Cruz), and (in the district of El Golfo)

on the west of Hierro.

Coleoptera of the Canary Islands. 183

Fam. ULOMIDA.

Genus Hyporutaus.

Fabricius, Scrivt. af Natur, Selsk. (1790).

39. Hypophloecus Euphorbie,* n. sp.

H., lineari-elongatus, rufo-ferrugineus, subnitidus ; capite pro-

thoraceque dense punctatis, hoc elongato-subquadrato; elytris

paulo pallidioribus, subfusiformibus basi truncatis, levissime

punctato-striatis, interstitiis minutissime uniseriatim punctu-

latis; pedibus rufo-testaceis.

Long. corp. lin. 1—1i.

Habitat ins. Lanzarota, Canaria, Teneriffa et Hierro, sub cortice

Euphorbiarum emortuo, rarius.

The present ypophicus appears to be quite peculiar, so far as

I have observed hitherto, to the dead stems of the various Eu-

phorbias,—beneath the loose outer bark of which I have captured

it in the north of Lanzarote, as also in Grand Canary, on the

mountains above Santa Cruz of Teneriffe, and in the district of

E] Golfo on the west of Hierro. It is allied to the Madeiran H.

ambiguus, which in all probability will be found to possess similar

habits. Indeed, having no longer a type of that insect in my col-

lection, I had supposed that it might possibly be identical with it;

but having forwarded lately an example of the Canarian species

to Mr. Waterhouse, for comparison with the original Madeiran

one (now in the British Museum), I have received from him the

following observations: “ The two insects are certainly quite dis-

tinct: in the head there is very little difference, though the punc-

tuation is a trifle finer and a little more dense, and the reflected

fore-part is somewhat less reflected, in the Teneriffe species than

in that from Madeira; but in the antenne there is a marked dis-

crepancy,—those of the Canarian one being relatively larger and

more elongated. The prothorax in the H. ambiguus is quadrate,

or even slightly transverse; whereas in the other it is rather

longer than broad: the punctures, too, of the latter are perceptibly

finer and more dense. The elytra are distinctly punctate-striated

in the Madeiran insect (the punctures of the strie being much

larger than those of the interstices), whereas in its ally they

are very faintly so; and, moreover, the Canarian species has its

elytra and legs decidedly longer than is the case in the Madeiran

one.”

184. M.T. Vernon Wollaston on the Euphorbia-infesting

Fam. Q2DEMERIDE.

_ Genus Dityuus.

Schmidt, in Linn. Ent. i. 87 (1846).

40. Ditylus concolor, Brulle.

D. elongato-cylindricus, leete fulvo-testaceus (oculis tibiarumque

calcariis solis nigris), crebre punctatus, densissime et breviter

pubescens ; prothorace paulo inequali, subcordato; elytris

obsoletissime longitudinaliter subcostatis; antennis apicem

versus tarsisque vix obscurioribus.

Long. corp. lin. 45—7}.

Ditylus concolor, Brullé, Webb et Berth. Hist. Nat. des Iles

Can. (Col.) 70, pl. 1, fig. 13 (1838).

Habitat in ins, Canaria, Teneriffaé et Palma, minus frequens.

The beautiful D. concolor, so remarkable for its large (though

most variable) stature and its pale golden-testaceous hue, is widely

distributed throughout the Canarian archipelago—though every-

where sparingly. It is by no means peculiar to the Euphorbias

(at any rate in its imago-state); nevertheless I have taken it

from beneath the loose outer bark of those plants on the moun-

tains (towards Las Mercedes) above Santa Cruz of Teneriffe, as

also below Taganana, and in the rocky Euphorbia-covered ground

between the Puerto and Orotava. In Grand Canary it was found

in comparative abundance by the Rev. R. T. Lowe, during our

short stay at Arguineguin, in the south of the island; and I have

likewise captured it near the mouth of the Barranco de Nogales,

on the east of Palma.

Fam. STAPHYLINIDZ.

(Sub-family ALEOCHARIDES.)

Genus Homatora.

Mannerheim, Brachel. 73 (1831).

41. Homalota canariensis,* n. sp. (Pl. VII. fig. 8.)

H. angusto-linearis, nigra, alutacea, subnitida, minute et parce

punctulata, longe pubescens; fronte depress, oculis pro-

minentibus; prothorace nigro-fusco, subquadrato, angulis

posticis subrectis, carinato; elytris fusco-testaceis, ad latera

plus minus anguste sed diffuse nigrescentibus ; abdomine

nitido, basi constricto dilutiore; antennis brevibus, crassis,

Coleoptera of the Canary Islands. 185

nigro-fuscis, basin versus testaceis, articulo primo magno,

ultimo breviusculo ; pedibus gracilibus, pallido-testaceis. |

1 1 1

Long. corp. lin. 14—1}.

Habitat in truncis Luphorbie canariensis putridis, in Teneriffa

et Gomera lecta.

The narrow outline, coarsely alutaceous surface and basally-

constricted abdomen of this very distinct Homalota, in conjunction

with its depressed forehead, subquadrate prothorax and abbrevi-

ated antenne (the first joint of which is greatly enlarged, and the

apical one short), will, apart from its numerous other peculiarities,

at once characterise it. It appears to be exclusively attached to the

damp, putrid stems of the rotten Euphorbias ; and I have hitherto

only observed it in those of the EZ. canariensis—under which cir-

cumstances I took it abundantly in Gomera, during February,

1858, on a hill-top to the north of San Sebastian; and in Fe-

bruary of the following year, in similar positions, on the mountains

above Santa Cruz of Teneriffe.

42. Homalota putrescens, n. sp.

H. sublinearis, nigra, nitida, minute punctulata, longe pubes-

cens; fronte subconvexa; prothorace vix dilutiore, trans-

verso, lato, postice rotundato, subconvexo, vix carinato;

elytris fusco-testaceis, versus angulos posticos externos plus

minus late et diffuse nigrescentibus; abdomine sublineari;

antennis longiusculis, crassis, nigro-fuscis, ad basin testaceis,

articulo ultime longiusculo; pedibus longiusculis, pallido-

testaceis.

Long. corp. lin. 14—1}.

Habitat in ins. Gomera, in truncis Euph. canariensis putridis

una cum /. canarienst a meipso reperta.

Readily known from the 1. canariensis by its broader outline,

convexer head and more transverse prothorax (which is rounded

posteriorly, instead of having the angles well defined), as also by

its concolorous and sublinear abdomen, and its somewhat brighter

and less alutaceous surface. I:s eyes, also, are less prominent,

and its antennze longer,—their basal joint, moreover, being less

inflated, and their apical one not so short. It is far more nearly

allied, however, to the H. cacti, from which it simply differs in its

wider and more posteriorly-rounded prothorax and rather longer

antennz ; whilst from the H. coriaria it may be known by the

much paler hue of its somewhat more ample elytra, by the punc-

tuation of its head being slightly less dense, by its pubescence

being considerably coarser, and by its limbs being altogether

186 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on the Euphorbia-infesting

rather more elongated. The only examples which have come

under my observation were captured by myself, in company with

the H. canariensis, from out of the putrid stems of the Huph. ca-

nariensis, during February, 1858, on the hills to the north of San

Sebastian in Gomera.

43, Homalota cacti, n. sp.

H. omnino ut in 1H. putrescens, sed prothorace paulo angustiore,

postice vix minus rotundato, necnon antennis paulo brevi-

oribus.

Long. corp. lin. 14.

Habitat ins. Veneriffam et Palmam, in ill4 in truncis Luph. ca-

nariensis putridis in montibus supra Sanctam Crucem, sed in hac

in foliis Cacti opuntie marcidis deprehensa.

The present Homalota is very closely related to the last one—

with which, indeed, unless the specimens be in good condition

and with their limbs properly set-out, it may be easily confounded.

Nevertheless, a close inspection will sufficiently bring to light its

true characters—which consist, however, merely in its narrower

prothorax (which is not quite so wide as the elytra, and rather

less regularly rounded behind, than is the case in the H. putres-

cens), and in its antennee being just perceptibly darker and

shorter. So far as I have observed hitherto, it would seem, in its

habits, to be more partial to the rotting, sodden leaves of the

Cactus opuntia than to the stems of the Kuphorbias ; nevertheless,

since | have taken it from out of the /. canariensis, on the

mountains above Santa Cruz of Teneriffe, it ought scarcely, per-

haps, to be omitted from this Paper. In the putrid leaves, how-

ever, of the prickly-pear it is at times far more abundant—under

which circumstances I have observed it in considerable profusion

in the Banda of Palma, during my residence there with the Rev.

R. T. Lowe at the beginning of June, 1858.

44, Homalota coriaria, Kraatz.

H, sublinearis, nigra, nitida, minutissime punctulata, breviter

pubescens; prothorace vix dilutiore, transverso, breviusculo,

fovea media abbreviata plus minus obscura impresso ; elytris

fusco-piceis, versus angulos posticos externos vix obscuriori-

bus; antennis breviusculis, crassiusculis, ad basin piceis ;

pedibus dilute testaceis.

Long, corp. lin. 1—1 4.

Coleoptera of the Canary Islands. 187

Homalota coriaria (Miller), Kraatz, Nat. der Ins. Deutsch. ii.

282 (1856). |

—, Woll., Cat. Mad. Col. 177 (1857).

Habitat in ins. Lanzarota, Canaria, Teneriffa, Gomera et Palma,

hine inde vulgaris.

The H. cortaria may be known from the two preceding species,

to which it is somewhat allied, by, iter alia, its rather smaller size,

very much shorter pubescence, more delicate punctuation, and by

the darker hue of its elytra. Its prothorax, also, has a greater or

less tendency for a wide but shallow depression in the centre be-

hind; and its antenne are but obscurely diluted at their base.

Although frequently found in the damp, rotting Euphorbia-stems,

it is by no means peculiar to them—occurring equally almost

everywhere, under decaying vegetable refuse. I have taken it in

Lanzarote, Grand Canary, Teneriffe, Gomera and Palma; and it

is, also, an abundant insect in Madeira.

45. Homalota vagepunctata, n. sp.

H, sublinearis, nigra, nitidissima, parcissime punctata, longe sed

parce pubescens; capite parvo, subrotundato; prothorace

elytrisque fuscis, convexis, illo transverso postice rotundato

haud carinato; antennis gracilibus, nigro-fuscis ad basin dilu-

tioribus ; pedibus gracilibus, dilute testaceis.

Long. corp. lin. 1—1}.

Hatitat Lanzarotam et Fuerteventuram, inter Euphorbias haud

infrequens.

The shining and very remotely punctured surface of the present

Homalota, in conjunction with its small, rounded head and slender

antennee, its coarse but distant pubescence, and its convex, dark-

brown prothorax and elytra, will at once characterise it. In its

general contour and aspect it is somewhat allied to the H. clientula

and fungi of more northern latitudes, though totally distinct from

them. It is not uncommon amongst the Euphorbias (occasionally

to be found even on their flowers) in the north of Lanzarote; and

I have also captured it, though more sparingly, in Fuerteventura.

(Sub-fam. STAPHYLINIDES.)

Genus XANTHOLINUS.

Dahl, Encyclop. Method. x. 475 (1825).

§ III. (operis Erichsoniani.) ‘ Thorax punctorum seriebus dor-

salibus rectis lateralibusque lituts impressus” (p. 319).

46. Xantholinus marginalis,* n. sp.

X. niger, nitidus; capite convexo, basi truncato, sat dense

188 Mr.T. Vernon Wollaston on the Euphorbia-infesting

punctato et punctulis minutissimis intermediis obsito; pro-

thorace seriebus dorsalibus 8—10-punctatis, margine postico

late et laterali angustissime dilutiore ; elytris late rufo-tes-

taceis, vix subseriatim sat dense punctatis ; abdomine, pre-

sertim versus apicem, dilutiore ; antennis rufo-fuscis ; pedibus

testaceo-rufis.

Long. corp. lin. 3—33.

Habitat Lanzarotam et Fuerteventuram (aut saltem ins. parvam

propinquam ‘ Lobos” dictam), in caulibus Euphorbiarum putridis

degens.

The present Xantholinus has much the colouring and general

aspect of the common European X. glabratus ; but is smaller thaa

that insect, with its head and prothoracic series much more

densely punctured, with the margin (particularly the hinder one)

of its pronotum diluted in hue, and with its elytra, abdomen and

legs respectively paler. It is very rare, and (so far as I have ob-

served hitherto) quite peculiar to the damp, rotting Huphorbia-

stems——in which positions it was taken by Mr. Gray and myself

on the Risco at the north of Lanzarote, during January, 1858 ; as

well as, by myself, on the 28th of March of the following year, in

the little island of Lobos, off the extreme north of Fuerteven-

tura.

(Sub-fam. PAXDERIDES.)

Genus Doticaon.

Laporte, Etud. Ent. 1. 119 (1834).

47. Dolicaon mgricollis, n. sp.

D. apterus, subcylindricus, niger, nitidus ; capite prothoraceque

sat parce punctatis; elytris, abdominis segmentis ultimis

duobus antennisque testaceo-rufis; palpis pedibusque rufo-

testacels.

Mas, abdominis segmento sexto infra profunde inciso, quinto

integro.

Var. 3 [an species distincta?] palporum maxillarium articulo

tertio Vix minus incrassato, antennis versus basin vix gracili-

oribus, capite vix breviore, postice paulo magis rotundato.

Long. corp. lin. 23—3}.

Habitat Lanzarotam, in truncis Euphorbiarum putridis necnon

sub lapidibus haud infrequens: var. 3 (adhuc unica) ad Canariam

solam pertinet. Species D. Illyrico affinis et fortasse vix dis-

tincta, sed capite prothoraceque paulo subtilius punctatis anten-

nisque paulo brevioribus ab illo differt.

Coleoptera of the Canary Islands. 189

The present Dolycaon appears to be very closely allied to the

D. Illyricus—with which, indeed, judging from the diagnosis, I

should have united it, had I not been informed by Dr. Kraatz that

its head and prothorax are somewhat more lightly punctured, and

its antenne a little shorter, than is the case in that species. It is

not impossible, therefore, that it may be but a geographical phasis

of the D. Illyricus ; though, as I have no type of the latter for

comparison, | will not venture to record it absolutely as such. It

is not uncommon in the island of Lanzarote, and is by no means

peculiar to the decayed Euphorbia-stems; though since it is very

frequently to be found in such positions, I have no option but to

include it in the present Paper. Indeed it more often, perhaps,

occurs beneath stones than elsewhere—particularly when the earth

is moist after the winter rains. Of the “var. 6” I have taken

but a single specimen, and that in the region of El Monte of

Grand Canary. It is just possible that it may be specifically dis-

tinct ; nevertheless, since its differential characters are so slight,

I have thought it scareely safe to regard it as such on the evidence

afforded by a solitary example.

48. Dolicaon ruficollis, n. sp.

D. apterus, subcylindricus, niger, nitidus ; capite prothoraceque

sat parce punctatis ; hoc, elytris, abdominis segmentis ultimis

duobus antennisque testaceo-rufis; palpis pedibusque rufo-

testaceis,

Long. corp. lin. 32.

Habitat Fuerteventuram (et ins. parvam propinquam “ Lobos”

dictam), in truncis Euphorbiarum necnon sub lapidibus, rarissimus.

Species staturé omnino precedentis, sed paulo major protho-

raceque testaceo-rufo (haud nigro).

The D. ruficollis differs from the preceding species mainly in

being somewhat larger, and in having its prothorax pale-rufous

(i.e., concolorous with the elytra), instead of black. Other mi-

nute characters are just perceptible, but are more easily seen than

described. The only two specimens which have come under my

observation were captured by myself—one in the east of Fuerte-

ventura, during January, 1858; and the other within a rotten

Euphorbia-stem on the little island of Lobos, in the Bocayna

Strait, on the 28th of March, 1859. Its habits, therefore, would

appear to be the same as those of its ally.

190 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on the

XI. On the Ptinide of the Canary Islands. By T. Vernon

Wo..astToN, Esq., M.A., Ralls Se

[Read 3rd June, 1861.]

Havine lately been examining, with considerable care, the various

representatives of the Ptinide which have been detected, up to

the present date, in the islands of the Canarian archipelago, I

propose in this Memoir, first, to describe them, and, secondly, to

offer a few observations on the structural peculiarities of the

Family.

In glancing at the numerous published diagnoses of this inte-

resting group, it appears to me that the greatest misapprehension

has usually prevailed concerning the exact form of the oral organs

of its several members. The details given in the twelfth volume

of Sturm’s ‘‘ Deutschlands Fauna” are simply ridiculous, having

(so far as I can detect) scarcely any foundation in fact. Thus,

the upper-lip is drawn semicircular (instead of quadrate, and a

little excavated at its tip); the maxilla are represented as having

but a single lobe (instead of two); the ligula, which in the Péinide

is always long and with the palpi inserted near its apex, is made

remarkably short, and with the palpi arising from its base (close

to the anterior angles of a transverse mentum!) ; the enormous

central-process ahtel constitutes in reality almost the whole men-

tum is entirely omitted; and no notice whatsoever is taken of the

great length, slenderness and arcuation which form such a marked

feature in the basal joint of the maxillary and labial palpi of all

the exponents of the Family.

But if thus misrepresented in the ‘‘ Deutschlands Bannan "we

should at least expect that the structural details would be mi-

nutely examined, and all doubts critically cleared-up, in any work

whose sole object it was to monograph so small a group; and

accordingly we turn to M. De Boieldieu’s treatise, in the “ An-

nales de la Soc. Ent. de France,” for information. But even

there also (despite the beautiful illustrations of the various species)

we are doomed to disappointment,—for not only are the generic

diagnoses brief to a degree, and imperfect, ut (though less so

than Sturm’s) absolutely incorrect. ‘Thus, for instance, he goes

nominally through the structural formula both of Hedobia and

Ptinus without so much as alluding to the great corneous process

Ptinid@ of the Canary Islands. 191

of the mentum ;* but, as though finding it out for (apparently) the

first time whilst enunciating Nzptus, he makes the observation in a

foot-note, “‘ Cette dent existant dans tous les Ptiniores, je n’en ai

pas fait mention dans les genres précédents”! And, furthermore,

(with respect to Niptus), although the genus appears to possess

sufficient characters in the shape of its eyes, femora, and the

under-parts of its body, he does not even refer to them, but

founds his diagnosis on two or three imaginary differences (for,

according to the dissections now before me, they are strictly

“imaginary ”) in the details of its mouth. Then, in Trigonogenius

M. De Boieldieu gives scarcely any characters at all, and speaks

of the mentum as “ carré, comme dans tous les Ptiniores ;” but

certainly he must have been aware (since it appears he had un-

doubtedly seen the menta of, at any rate, Niptus and Gibbium)

that the shape of that organ would be better expressed by almost

any term that could be selected than square. Besides, the only

real peculiarities of the group—namely, the obsolete scutellum,

the excessive shortness of the penultimate abdominal segment, the

very distant posterior coxee, and the form and brevity of the

metasternum—are not so much as glanced at! Of the cosmo-

politan Mezium there is no generic formula added of any kind,

the author stating that he was unable to procure a specimen for

dissection! Whilst in his figured details of Gibbium he is entirely

wrong: for not only has he made the inner lobe of the maxille

much too abbreviated, and the apex of the mentum too acute;

but he has, likewise, drawn the basal joint of the labial palpi

straight and short (instead of long and curved) ; and (as is equally

the case in Niptus) he has entirely omitted the singularly-pro-

duced shoulder of the maxillary sizpes which projects outward

(in all the members of the Ptinide) into an elongated process

immediately below the insertion of the palpus. This last feature,

which is a very important one, he has not alluded to in any of the

genera.

But, having thus criticized the structural details given by

others,+ let us see what the characters of the group really are.

* Even Prof. Lacordaire, in his admirable ‘‘ Genera des Coléoptéres,” omits

all notice of this process, speaking of the mentum as “ transversal, légérement

échancré, ses angles antérieurs plus ou moins aigus.”’

{ Since finishing the present Paper I have received the Part of the ‘‘ Genera

des Coléopt. d’Europe,” in which M. Jacq. Duval has treated the Ptinide, and

I am bound to add, that his details are on the whole remarkably accurate and

satisfactory. I think, however, he does not give sufficient prominence to certain

peculiarities, —as, for instance, the arcuation of the basal joint of the /abial palpi

(which is no straighter than is the case in the maxillary pair), the elongated

192 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on the

We will take the organs seriatim.* Although more or less pilose

at its apex, the shape of the upper-lip is almost invariable,—being

nearly square, a little excavated at the tip, and with its anterior

angles slightly rounded.| ‘The mandibles are shortly-acute (and

simple) at their extreme apex, and from thence oblique to nearly

the middle of their inner edge,—where the sudden turn which the

direction of the latter takes, from thence to the base, occasions

the:shaping-out of a blunt central angle, or tooth. This structure

is, also, nearly invariable,—the slightly obtuser mandibles of

Piarus, and the still more obtuse ones of Casapus being the only

exceptions to it (and even those merely in degree) with which I

am acquainted. ‘The maxillee are always bilobed ; the outer-lobe

being small and narrow, and the inner one rather shorter and

broad, and both of them densely pubescent. A curious feature,

however, exists in the stzpes of the maxillee, which is produced

outwards into an elongated, more or less blunt, shoulder-like

process (usually furnished with a few enormously long hairs) im-

mediately below the insertion of the palpus. Both the maxillary

and Jabial palpi are remarkable for the comparative great length,

slenderness and curviture of their first articulation (a peculiarity

which attaches to every member of the family which I have dis-

sected) ; whilst the terminal one is somewhat elongate-fusiform,

being truncated at its base and acuminated at its apex. This

latter character is likewise universal in all the Pénide which I -

have yet examined, except in the Canarian genera Casapus and

Dignomus,—both of which have the ultimate joint of their labial

palpi anomalously scooped-out at its tip. ‘Then comes the men-

tum, which is perhaps the most curious, no less than the most

constant, of the parts of the mouth. By far its larger portion,

shoulder-like process of the stipes of the maxilla, and the excessive shortness in

some genera of the penultimate segment of the abdomen. He is scarcely correct,

too, in calling the ligula “ petite ;” for it is decidedly elongate (though narrow ),—

as indeed is evident from the fact that it projects considerably beyond the enor-

mous central-process of the mentum. When detached from the latter, its length

is seen to be very considerable.

* T may mention here, that the species which I have dissected (some of them

twice over) are the twelve following: Casapus Bonvouloirii and subcalous, Dig-

nomus gracilipes, Ptinus 6-punctatus, Niptus hololeucus, Mesium sulcatum, Gib-

biwm scotias, Nitpus gonospermi, Sphericus ulbopictus, Piarus basalis and Piotes

fusciata and vestita ; which, it will be observed, are all the acknowledged genera

except Hedobia and the South American Trigonogenius.

t On account of the pile with which it is sometimes clothed, the anterior emar-

gination of the labrum often appears at first sight considerably shallower in some

genera than in others; but when viewed through a transparent medium (on

mounting them in balsam) I find it nearly the same in all.

Piinide of the Canary Islands. 193

which I am anything but certain should not in reality be regarded

as the whole mentum (for, when mounted in balsam, it is seen to

be separated from the transverse basal-piece by a distinct articu-

lative line), is an immense, central, narrow, subtriangular, or

rather mitriform, corneous organ, widest at (or just before) its

base, and gradually attenuated to its apex, where it is more or

less obtuse. This monstrous organ (which has usually been over-

looked!) rests upon (and fits into the centre of) a broader trans-

verse base (closely soldered to the jugulum) which has frequently

been treated as the entire mentum: but, as just stated, I am not

altogether satisfied that it should be taken as a part of the men-

tum at all, seeing that it is more separated from the above-men-

tioned mitriform process than it is from the jugulum. At all

events, in dissection, it is very difficult to split-off this wide trans-

verse basal portion in anything like a definite shape; sometimes

it comes away with elongated acute anterior angles, whilst at

others it breaks-off (even in the same species) leaving no angles

at all, and yet with equal symmetry. At any rate its exact outline

(with reference to its lateral angles and breadth) is so extremely

doubtful, that I think it cannot safely be employed as affording

any character of generic importance.* ‘The ligula (which must

next be noticed) is always long and narrow, and more than half of

it is concealed behind the mitriform process of the mentum ; but

it is slightly rounded, divergent, and pilose, towards its apex,—

at only a short distance from which the palpi are implanted.

Such, then, are the instrumenta cibaria of the Ptinide. The

only other structural feature which would seem to be very con-

stant throughout the family is the more or less close approximation

of the antennzee{ (which have their second joint short, and the

* T perceive, since the above was written, that M. Jacq. Duval, in his recent

enunciation of the family-characteristics of the Ptinidzg, has absolutely omitted

all mention of (and therefore rejected) this transverse basal-piece as forming a

part of the mentum [—‘‘ Menton corné, grand, plus ou moins fortement triangu-

Jaire, entier’’] ; but this possibly may be regarded as somewhat rash, for it is at

least as doubful whether it be a portion of the jugulum as it is whether it belongs

to the mentum. Still, as above stated, I am inclined to think (more particularly

from the uncertainty of its shape) that it would be better perhaps to leave it unno-

ticed when describing the several menta.

+ There are one or two exceptions, however, even to this. Hedobia is one of

them; and M. Duval states that the true Trigonogenii from Chili (which are

generically distinct from the Mediterranean and Atlantic species) have their an-

tenne widely separated at the base. Also my Ptinus nigrescens and frugilis,

- from Madeira, possess the same character (the latier accompanied by a rather

conspicuous biarticulated club), and will probably require eventually (at any rate

the P. fragilis) an additional genus for their reception.

VOL. I, THIRD SERIES, PART I1.—MAY, 1862. oO

194 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on the

apical one usually acuminated). The exact form and length of

the sterna, the relative distance of the hinder coxze from each

other, the proportions of the abdominal segments and tarsal joints,

the development of the eyes, wings and scutellum, the gibbosities

of the pronotum, and the occasional peculiarities of the sexes, are

all points (and very significant ones) from which the diagnoses of

the several genera have principally to be compiled.

The Piinide constitute a most important group in the Canary

Islands,—as indeed may be gathered from the fact, that, out of

the fourteen members hitherte detected there are indications of no

less than four genera which have not, up to the present time, been

enunciated ; three of which, moreover, contain features of a most

anomalous kind, and hitherto quite unprecedented in this small

family. In attempting to collocate them, however, inter se, they

would appear to arrange themselves in a circle,—the most ab-

normal characters fading-off in two opposite directions, amongst

forms which gradually coalesce. Thus, commencing, for instance,

with the extraordinary genus Casapus, distinguished (inter alia) by

its apically-excavated labial-palpi, its obtuse mandibles, and the

swollen basal-joint of its two hinder male-feet, we are led on, by

Dignomus (which combines this scooped-out apex of the labial-

palpi with the outward configuration, and general details of

Ptinus), into Ptinus proper. From Pétinus the passage is simple

enough to Mezium; and from thence into Nitpus and Sphericus

(which are almost identical, except that the former has a dimi-

nished number of joints both for its antennz and posterior male-

feet). From Sphericus we glide very naturally into Piarus,—

which possesses most of the peculiarities of the former, together

with some of the distinguishing features of the next genus, Piotes ;

which last, in the immensely expanded first-joint of its hinder

male-tarsi, no less than its nodose-costate prothorax, the obsolete

subsetulose ridges at the base of its elytra, and its undistinguish-

able scutellum [—though not, however, in the construction of its

mandibles and labial-palpi], brings us back again to Casapus.

Genus Casapus, nov. gen. (PIV figs se)

Corpus (inter Plinidus) magnum, vel ellipticum vel elongato-

ovatum, politum, plus minus parce squamosum et pilosum

necnon ad humerus setosum, apterum: capite deflexo; oculis ”

subrotundatis, vix prominulis: prothorace postice plus minus

gradatim angustiore, basin versus plus minus 4-nodoso-cos-

tato: scutello haud observando: ely¢ris subconnatis, ad basin

plus minus longitudinaliter costatis ; metasterno brevi, postice

Ptinide of the Canary Islands. 195

(inter coxas posticas) sat profunde et obtuse arcuato-inciso :

abdominis segmento penultimo vix brevi. Antenne robuste,

filiformes, ad basin fere approximate, articulo 1mo robusto,

2do breviusculo, reliquis longitudine vix crescentibus (ultimo

elongato-fusiformi, ad apicem leviter acuminato). Labrum

(1a) subquadratum, apice leviter emarginatum pilosum,

angulis anticis paulo rotundatis ciliatis. Mandibule (1b)

magne, cornee, validissimz, latae, subquadratze sed apicem

versus internum oblique truncatz obtusissime, extus versus

basin parce pilose. Maville (1c) bilobz, lobis brevibus,

valde, dense et longe pilosis; eaterno subangusto, leviter in-

curvo; interno paulo breviore, lato: stipite maxillari in pro-

cessum externum obtusum (mox infra palporum insertionem)

producto. Palpi subclavati; maxillares articulo 1mo elon-

gato angusto valde arcuato, 2do et 8tio crassioribus sub-

zequalibus, ultimo longissimo subfusiformi apice leviter acu-

minato ; labiales (1d) mox pone apicem ligule inserti, articulo

Imo angusto valde arcuato, 2do breviore crassiore, ultimo

magno robusto oblongo, ad apicem ipsum plus minus sinuato-

inciso. Mentum corneum angustissimum transversum, an-

gulis anticis acutiusculis, apice lobo maximo medio mitriformi

parce piloso auctum. Ligula elongata, angusta, apice paulo

rotundata pilosa. Pedes (preesertim in maribus) elongati,

robusti; antici fere approximati, intermedit paulo distantiores,

postict sat (sed haud valde) distantes: femoribus elongatis,

subclavatis: tarsis crassiusculis; anticis articulis 4 basalibus

gradatim leviter decrescentibus ; intermediis articulo 1mo

paulo majore, 3 sequentibus gradatim leviter decrescentibus ;

posticis articulo ]mo elongato (in maribus, 1 e, maximo dila-

tato), 3 sequentibus gradatim leviter decrescentibus, ultimo

breviusculo.

Obs.—Genus structura palporum Jabialium articuli ultimi

excavati, mandibulis apice oblique truncatis (nec dentatis)

obtusissimis, tarsorum posticorum articulo basalari in maribus

incrassato, metasterno brevi, scutello obsoleto, prothorace

elytrisque ad basin plus minus nodoso-costatis corporeque

magno aptero polito plus minus parce piloso et ad humeros

setoso, inter Ptinidas adhuc cognitas valde anomalum.

A kasac, pulvinus, et rove, pes. [Typus—Casapus Bon-

vouloirit, |

The singular and gigantic Ptinide to receive which the present

genus is proposed appear to constitute a geographical assemblage

peculiar to the Canarian archipelago. \ They are perhaps the most

196 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on the

anomalous members of the family which have hitherto been de-

tected,—the remarkable (apically-excavated) terminal joint of

their labial palpi and exceedingly blunt, obliquely truncated,

edendate mandibles, in conjunction with their obsolete scutellum,

and large, polished, apterous bodies (which in most of the repre-

sentatives are sparingly studded with long erect hairs on the

elytra, and with stronger and denser setee at the shoulders),

giving them a character quite their own. ‘The hinder region of

their prothorax (which is gradually narrowed) and the base of

their elytra are embossed with more or less distinct noduliform

ridges (clothed with either seta or scales); their metasternum is

short, and circularly seooped-out between the posterior coxz ; and

the first joint of their hinder male-feet (a structure, however,

which exists in another of the Canarian genera, Piotes) is more or

less expanded, or enlarged. In the proportions of its maxille,

mentum, ligula and upper-lip [vide the Plate], Casapus does not

differ appreciably from the normal members of the Ptinide.

§1. Elytra setis rigidis erectis plus minus obsita. Palporum

labialium articulus ultimus apice profunde excavatus.

1. Casapus Bonvouloirii, n. sp. (Pl. VIII. fig. 1.)

C. niger, obsoletissime subzenescens et (oculo valde armato)

alutaceus; prothorace subpicescenti, angustulo (antice vix

dilatato), valde et subeequaliter 4-nodoso-costato, dense (pre-

sertim in nodis et ad basin) fulvo-squamoso ; elytris ellipticis,

basi truncatis apice acuminatis, leviter striato-punctatis, pilis

perpaucis elongatis versus apicem et setis densioribus ad

basin (preesertim ad humeros) obsitis, costis 4 basalibus

(postice evanescentibus) maximis elevatis, fasciis duabus

[sc. antemediaé seepius obsoleté, et postmedia distinctiore

dentata] albido-ornatis ; antennis pedibusque elongatis, ro-

bustis, rufo-ferrugineis, squamosis.

Long. corp. lin. 12—2.

Habitat in sylvaticis editioribus Teneriffe, sub lapidibus, hine

inde haud infrequens. Species valde indigena distincta formosa

et in honorem amici mei Dom. H. De Bonvouloir, Parisiis, auctoris

Monographiz Throscidum accuratissim2 felicissimi a meipso dicata.

This large and beautiful Casapus may be known from the other

species here described by its greatly (and subequally) 4-nodose-

costate prothorax, and by its very lightly striate-punctate, elzp-

tical, and apically-acuminated elytra (the widest part of which is

a little before the middle). Its elytra, also, are much less densely

Ptinide of the Canary Islands. 197

pilose than is the case in any of the following species except the

C. subcalvus, and have their basal nodes (or abbreviated coste)

considerably elevated, or developed, causing the scutellary region

to seem very deeply impressed. Their surface, moreover (which

appears minutely alutaceous when viewed beneath the microscope),

has a just perceptible subenescent tinge, and is usually ornamented

with a rather conspicuous postmedial zigzag fascia of whiter

scales,—the anterior one being for the most part more or less (or

even entirely) obsolete. It is attached apparently to the sylvan

districts of Teneriffe, at intermediate and lofty elevations, and is

generally very scarce. Nevertheless in the damp woods on the

mountains above the Agua Mansa I have taken it in tolerable

numbers (beneath stones and pieces of rotten wood); as also,

though much more sparingly, at the Agua Garcia. I have great

pleasure in dedicating it to my friend M. H. De Bonvouloir, of

Paris, so well known for his devotion to the cause of Entomology,

and whose recent Monograph of the Throscide (a pattern of

what a monograph should be) has given him a distinguished place

amongst our leading Coleopterists.

2. Casapus dilaticolls, n. sp.

C. niger; prothorace picescenti, antice plus minus distincte

dilatato, costis discalibus obsoletis (disco subaequali), late-

ralibus sat distinctis, ad basin parce fulvo-squamoso ; elytris

ovalibus, basi truncatis, levissime substriato-punctatis, pilis

elongatis ubique et setis densioribus ad basin (preesertim ad

humeros) obsitis, costis 4 basalibus (postice evanescentibus)

minus elevatis, fascia indistincté postmedia [antemedia obso-

letA] albido-ornatis; antennis pedibusque elongatis, sat ro-

bustis, rufo-ferrugineis, squamosis.

Var. 3 [an species distincta?] prothoracis costis discalibus

paulo majoribus, elytris parcius pilosis, postice vix acuti-

oribus, minutissime sub-alutaceis, costis basalibus magis

elevatis.

Long: corp. lin. vix 13—2.

Habitat in locis inferioribus et intermediis Teneriffe, sub

Japidibus, passim; ad Orotavam et in montibus mox supra

Sanctam Crueem statum typicum deprehensi; sed var. (3 locis

paulo editioribus, sc. Souzal, Las Mercedes, Taganana et cet.

pertinet.

Whilst the last species is peculiar to the higher elevations,

within the sylvan districts of Teneriffe, the present one descends

to the level of the sea-shore. It may be readily known from the

198 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on the

C. Bonvoulvirii by its rather more shining and less alutaceous

surface, by its more piceous and anteriorly-expanded prothorax

(which has the two intermediate ridges smaller, causing the disk

to be comparatively flattened), and by its more oval and less

acuminated elytra,—which are widest about the middle, more

densely studded with long erect hairs than is the case in its ally,

have their basal costee very much less developed, their striz

(which however are somewhat variable) Jess apparent, and their

hinder fascia (the anterior one being usually quite obsolete)

straighter and much more obscure. The ‘‘var. 6” may perhaps

be specifically distinct; indeed in its rather more developed

coste, and its slightly more elliptic, subalutaceous and less pilose

elytra, it is intermediate between the present insect and the last

one; nevertheless the form of its anteriorly-widened prothorax

must I think tend to associate it with the C. dilaticollis rather than

with the Bonvouloirii. The typical state is not very uncommon,

beneath stones, in the rocky ground immediately outside the

Puerto of Orotava, adjoining the cemetery; as also, though more

sparingly, on the ascent of the mountains around Santa Cruz:

but the “var. 6” (if indeed it be not specifically distinct) seems

to inhabit a somewhat higher region,—Souzal, Las Mercedes and

Taganana being the spots in which I have hitherto observed it.

3. Casapus alticola,n. sp. (Pl. VIII. fig. 2.)

C. niger; prothorace picescenti, antice plus minus distincte

dilatato, cestis discalibus obsoletis (disco subaequali), late-

ralibus sat distinctis, ad basin parce fulvo-squamoso; elytris

ovalibus, basi paulo truncatis, profunde striato-punctatis,

pilis elongatis densis ubique et setis densioribus ad basin

(preesertim ad humeros) obsitis, costulis 4 basalibus sub-

obsoletis, fasciis duabus fractis [sc. antemedia et postmedia,

plerumque subzequaliter distinctis] albido-ornatis ; antennis

pedibusque subelongatis, sat robustis, rufo-ferrugineis, squa-

mosis.

Long. corp. lin. vix 12—2.

Halitat sub lapidibus in editioribus Teneriffae, usque ad 8000

s. m. ascendens.:

Like the C. Bonvouloirii, the present Casapus is confined to lofty

elevations, and is apparently peculiar to Teneriffe,—ascending

indeed to a still higher altitude than that species, for I have taken

it at upwards of 8,000 feet above the sea. It is nevertheless

closely allied to the C. dilaticollis of the lower regions, with which

in its shape and clothing it is almost coincident; and I am far

from certain that it is in reality more than a phasis of that insect.

Ptinide of the Canary Islands. 199

Its elytra, however (which have their basal plaits still less de-

veloped), are more densely pilose, as also very much more deeply

striate-punctate, and with their wo fasciz usually pretty distinct,

—even the anterior one being nearly always tolerably conspicuous.

It is evidently extremely rare, the few specimens which I have

seen (only nine in number) having been captured by myself in

the damp woods above the Agua Mansa, and (amongst the Re-

tamas) on the Cumbre adjoining the Canadas above Ycod el Alto.

4. Casapus radiosus, n. sp.

C. niger; prothorace picescenti, antice vix dilatato, costis discali-

bus magnis elevatis, lateralibus subobsoletis, dense (praesertim

in nodis et ad basin) fulvo-squamoso; elytris ovalibus, basi

valde truncatis, profunde substriato-punctatis, pilis rigidis

minus elongatis ubique et setis densioribus ad basin (prae-

sertim ad humeros) obsitis, costulis 6 basalibus (postice

evanescentibus) sat elevatis, fasciis duabus fractis [sc. ante-

media et postmedid, plerumque subequaliter distinctis]

albido-ornatis ; antennis pedibusque subelongatis, gracilibus,

rufo-ferrugineis, squamosis.

Long. corp. lin. 12.

Habitat in montibus Canariz Grandis, sub lapidibus, rarissimus.

The C. radiosus, which, so far as I have observed hitherto, is

peculiar to Grand Canary, is a good deal allied at first sight to the

preceding species. It differs from it, however, as well as from

the C. dilaticollis, in its limbs being a trifle slenderer, and in

having the two dorsal ridges of its prothorax (which is scarcely

at all expanded in front) powerfully developed, whilst the lateral

ones are sub-obsolete; as well as in the basal coste of its elytra

(although not large) being more sharply defined and numerous,—

there being indications of a smaller intermediate one on each ely-

tron, between the ordinary (humeral and submedial) ones. Indeed

there are traces of even another small ridge, between the sub-

medial one and the place of the scutellum; so that the general

appearance of the basal region of the elytra of the Casapus is that

of a series of alternately larger and smaller radiating, or divari-

cating, short plaits (or costee), which quickly become evanescent

behind. In its deeply striate-punctate elytra and the tolerable

distinctness of both of its fasciee it has more in common with the

C. alticola than with the dilaticollis ; but its erect pile is rather

shorter and more rigid than is the case in either of those insects.

The few specimens from which the above diagnosis has been com-

piled were captured by myself, beneath stones, on the mountains

above San Martao in Grand Canary during the spring of 1858.

200 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on the

§ Il. Elytra setis ereclis carentia. Palporum labialium articulus

ultimus apice vix ercavatus (i. e. obsolete sub-excavatus)—

Subg. Pithodes, Woll.

5. Casapus subcalvus,n. sp. (PI. VIII. fig. 3.)

C. piceo-niger vel piceus; prothorace picescenti, antice vix

dilatato, costis discalibus postice sat distinctis, lateralibus sub-

obsoletis, ad basin dense fulvo-squamoso; elytris ovatis, basi

paulo truncatis, leviter striato-punctatis, subcalvis (sed parce

et brevissime pubescentibus et ad basin plus minus parce

setulosis), costulis 4 basalibus (preesertim humeralibus) sub-

obsoletis, fascid postmedia indistincta (plerumque omnino

obsoleté) albido-ornatis ; antennis pedibusque subelongatis,

sat robustis, rufo-ferrugineis, squamosis,

Long. corp. lin. vix 13—2.

Habitat in ins. Hierro, rarissimus,—a Dom. Gray et meipso,

mense Februario a.p. 1858, haud procul ab oppido Valverde sub

Japidibus parce captus.

The C. subcalous is at once conspicuous amongst the other Casapi

here described by the total freedom of its elytra (which are ovate,

and somewhat narrowed in front) from erect pile,—a few stiff (and

often very short) setee about the shoulders and extreme base being

alone visible. There are, however, indications, beneath a high

magnifying power, of an excessively minute, and sparing, de-

cumbent pubescence, which does not exist in any of the preceding

species. Its prothorax is small, hardly at all dilated anteriorly,

and with its two dorsal costee pretty evident behind, but with the

lateral ones sub-obsolete. The humeral ridge at the base of either

elytron is almost evanescent, but the submedial one is tolerably

distinct ; and the first joint of its posterior male-feet (3b) is very

greatly enlarged. In most of the specimens which I have seen

(thirteen in number) there is no indication whatsoever of paler

fascize; but in one or two examples there are obscure traces of a

broken transverse band behind the middle of the elytra. It isa

somewhat aberrant member of the present genus, not only from

the fact of its elytra being free from erect hairs, and from its

having the basal articulation of its hinder male-tarsi more power-

fully developed than is the case in any of the preceding species,

but likewise (which is still more important) from the extreme apex

of its labial palpi possessing only the slightest tendency (vide 3a)

to be scooped-out,—though this peculiarity of structure is at any

rate sufficiently expressed to leave no doubt of its being, at all

events, just recognized. In many respects it approaches the Piotes

vestita (which is, also, aberrant in its particular group), from

Ptinide of the Canary Islands. 201

Palma; but I think, nevertheless, that it has decidedly more in

common with the type of Casapus than it has with that of Piofes. .

The C. subcalvus is apparently very rare, and (so far as I have

observed hitherto) peculiar to the island of Hierro,—where during

February of 1858 it was captured sparingly, both by Mr. Gray

and myself, from beneath stones, in the region to the westward of

Valverde.

Genus Dicnomus, nov. gen. (PI. VIII. fig. 4.)

Corpus mediocre, parallelo-oblongum, sat dense squamoso-mar-

moratum (sed haud pilosum), alatum: oculis maximis, sub-

rotundatis, valde prominentibus: wprothorace postice con-

_ stricto, in disco valde 4-nodoso-gibboso: seutello magno, sub-

rotundato: elytris liberis, circa humeros fere rectangulatis

(humeris ipsissimis rotundatis): metasterno longiusculo, pos-

tice (inter coxas posticas) profunde subtriangulariter inciso

et in medio canalicula basali impresso; alis parvis: abdominis

segmento penultimo vix brevi. Antenne et instrumenta cibaria

fere ut in genere precedenti, sed z/lis paulo longioribus gra-

cilioribus, labro (4a) magis piloso, mandibulis (4b) ut in

genere Ptino, i. e. ad apicem acutis et infra (mox ante me-

dium) dente lato anguliformi armatis, necnon mento (4d)

paulo breviore, lobo centrali vix magis triangulari apice acu-

tiore. Pedes elongati, gracillimi; antici sub-approximati,

intermedi vix distantiores, postica leviter distantes: femoribus

elongatis, gracilibus, vix clavatis: dbus tarsisque elongatis,

gracilibus ; his filiformibus, articulo basalari in anticis, longi-

usculo, in posterioribus longissimo, 3 sequentibus miedelit

leviter decrescentibus, ultimo longiusculo.

Obs.—Genus inter Casapum jeeronna situm,—cum lo

palporum labialium articulo ultimo anomalo excavato abdo-

minisque segmento penultimo breviusculo (nec brevissimo),

sed cum hoc mandibularum metasternique structura, protho-

race postice coarctato, scutello alisque distinctis, coxis posticis

haud valde distantibus, elytris liberis neenon forma generali

congruens: sed in oculis maximis valde prominentibus, in

menti lobo ad apicem acutiore, antennis pedibusque gracilli-

mis, necnon tarsis longissimis, articulo basalari in posterior?bus

(haud in posticis solum) valde elongatis a genere utroque

discedit.

A diyvwpoe [cre et yvwpn], dubius.

Until I had dissected the curious insect from which the above

characters have been compiled I had conceived it to be a normal

202 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on the

Ptinus,—with which in nearly every external feature, except its

immense and very prominent eyes, its exceedingly slender legs

(the four hinder tarsi of which have their basal joint greatly elon-

gated), and the less abbreviated fourth-segment of its abdomen, it

entirely agrees. Nevertheless a more critical examination of it

has proved that, in addition to these outward particulars (which I

was prepared to regard as specific ones), it possesses the most

extraordinary apical articulation of the labial palpi (vide 4d) which

I have already described as belonging to the last genus. It is

therefore strictly intermediate between Casapus and Plinus: for,

whilst its only slightly shortened penultimate abdominal segment

and the anomalous excavation of its Jabial palpi would unite it

with the former, in the structure of its mandibles and metasternum,

as well as in its posteriorly coaretate prothorax, its distinct scu-

tellum and wings, and its general facies, it is coincident with the

latter. However in its enormous and greatly projecting eyes, no

less than in its very slender legs (with the above mentioned pe-

culiarity of their feet), and the more apically-acute central lobe of

its mentum, it recedes from both of those groups. Its habits, more-

over (of which shortly) are somewhat singular.

6. Dignomus gracilipes, n. sp. (PI. VIII. fig. 4.)

D. nigro-piceus ; prothorace parvo, squamis fuscis, albidis et

preesertim fusco-albidis dense tecto; scutello albido-squa-

moso; elytris profunde punctato-striatis, squamis albidis

parcius marmoratis (ad humeros ipsos fuscis), plagé media

indistincta laterali (in singulo posité) squamis carente ; an-

tennis pedibusque gracilibus, rufo-ferrugineis, plus minus

fusco-albido-squamosis.

Long. corp. lin. 1:—1§.

Habitat in arenosis insularum Lanzarote et Fuerteventure, ra-

rissimus,—in stercore arido bovino, equino, camelino (nec humano),

Jatitans.

On account of the fragile nature of the whitish scales with which

this singular insect is clothed, the elytra are usually a good deal

denuded,— giving the surface a clouded, or mottled, appearance.

Nevertheless a large lateral patch on either side, extending (like

a broken fascia) from the middle of the external margin to about

the disk of each elytron, seems normally to be more or less free

from scales; and even another, smaller one, towards the apex, is

often faintly indicated. ‘The species seems to be very rare, and

confined (so far as I have observed hitherto) to the dry sandy

plains of Lanzarote and Fuerteventura,—where in March and

Ptinide of the Canary Islands. 203

April of 1859 I took it sparingly, both in the neighbourhood of

Arreciffe and Papagayo (of the former), and near Corralejo (in

the north of the latter). In almost every instance I found it

secreted (in company with the Piarus basalis, the Notiomimus

fimicola, and a beautiful Corynetes) within the dried dung of horses,

oxen and camels.

Genus Prinvus.

Linneeus, Syst. Nat. il. 565 (1767).

The genus Ptinus, as now restricted, may be regarded, so far as

the parts of its mouth are concerned, as possessing the most ordi-

nary characters of the family,—which have been already pointed

out. In other details it may be known by its comparatively long

metasternum and less distant hinder coxe, by the penultimate

segment of its abdomen being usually much shortened, by its con-

spicuous scutellum and developed wings, by its posteriorly-con-

stricted and anteriorly-nodulose prothorax, by its elongate and

slender limbs, and by (most frequently) the dissimilarity of its

sexes. The Ptini proper are insects which are more often at-

tached to articles of merchandize, and the dwellings of man, than

to the open country ; so that they have become more widely dif-

fused over the civilised world, through the medium of commerce

and by human agencies generally, than have the members of the

allied groups,-—most of which (with the exception perhaps of

Mezium and Gibbium) are essentially independent in their modes of

life.

7. Ptinus testaceus? Oliv.

P. ferrugineus, valde (preesertim in prothorace) subsetuloso-

pubescens ; prothorace postice valde constricto; scutello

albido-fulvescenti-squamoso ; elytris ellipticis, punctato-

striatis; antennis pedibusque elongatis, gracilibus, parce

squamosis.

Long. corp. lin. 1}.

Ptinus testaceus? Oliv., Ent. ix. 8 (1790).

— advena? Woll., Ins. Mad. 261 (1854).

——— testaceus? Id., Cat. Mad. Col, 89 (1857).

——__ ————__? de Boield., Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de France

(3iéme série), iv. 654 (1857).

Habitat ins. Hierro; in domo quodam exemplar unicum (certe

introductum) collegi.

I believe that the single specimen (a female) from which the

above diagnosis has been drawn-out is certainly identical with the

P. advena of the “Insecta Maderensia” (though I have not now

204 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on the

the original type for comparison),—which M. de Boieldieu identi-

fied with the P. testaceus of Olivier. It is clearly a naturalized

species, and perfectly unimportant ; and was captured by myself,

in a house, during my sojourn in the island of Hierro, at the end

of February, 1858.

Genus Mezium.

(Leach) Curtis, Brit. Ent. v. 232 (1828).

8. Mezium sulcatum, Fab.

M. nigro- vel rufo-piceum; capite prothoraceque densissime

flavo-albido-squamosis, hoc valde 4-nodoso-costato; elytris

politissimis, interdum setis paucis rigidis erectis obsitis, ad

basin ipsissimam squamarum fasciculis minutis instructis ;

antennis pedibusque robustissimis, crassis, dense subsetu-

loso-squamosis.

Long. corp. lin. 3—vix 1.

Ptinus sulcatus, Fab., Spec. Ins. i. 73 (1781).

Mezium sulcatum, Curt., Brit. Ent. v. 232 (1828).

—_— ———.-, Woll., Ins. Mad. 273 (1854).

- ——-, Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 92 (1857).

Habitat insulas Canarienses, sub lapidibus in aridis saxosis

hecnon preesertim in cavernis tufee, vulgare.

The common Mezium sulcatum, which in central and southern

Europe is constantly imported with various articles of merchandize,

and is therefore generally to be found (when at all) in and around

the dwellings of man, would seem to be truly indigenous in the

Atlantic Groups. At Madeira it is pretty common, beneath

stones (in company with the Plinus maurttanicus and Hegceter elon-

gatus), in barren rocky spots and open basaltic caverns ; and at

the Canaries it often teems, in similar localities,—where it is cer-

tainly universal throughout the Archipelago. I have myself only

captured it in six out of the seven islands of the cluster, not

having happened to find it during my short stay at Gomera; but

there cannot be the slightest doubt that it must exist there also.

At Arguineguin, in the south of Grand Canary, I have observed

it in the utmost profusion,—under stones, amongst the small

groves of Tamarisk, facing the sea; but undoubtedly its favourite

haunts are the dry, rocky (though open and exposed) caves with

which the tufa and basalt everywhere abound, and to which the

various Hegeters (and a few species of Helops) are more peculiarly

attached. M. de Boieldieu, in his Monograph of the Ptinide,

has failed to notice the tendency of its elytra (which are usually

quite glabrous) to be more or less sparingly studded with a few

strong erect setee; and he has likewise omitted all allusion to its

Plinida of the Canary Islands. 205

most remarkable feature, namely that the extreme base of its

elytra is densely fringed with a row of minute pads of closely-set

scales.

Genus Nitrus. (PI. VIII. fig. 5.)

Jacq. Du Val, Glan. Entom. 138 (1860).

Corpus parvum, elytris subglobosis, parce squamosum (sed haud

pilosum), apterum: oculis parvis, subrotundatis, paulo pro-

minulis: prothorace eequali, subcylindrico (ad basin vix con-

stricto): scutel/o haud observando: elytris connatis : metasterno

brevi, postice (inter coxas posticas) facile et leviter arcuato:

abdominis segmento.penultimo brevissimo. Antenne fere ut in

Casapo, sed (in utroque sexu) 9-articulatee. Instrumenta

cibaria (5a, 5b, 5c, 5c) fere ut in Dignomo, Ptino et ceet., sed

mentt lobo centrali (5d) paulo angustiore. Pedes longiusculi,

subrobusti ; antici sub-approximati, ¢ntermedi paulo dis-

tantiores, postict valde distantes : femoribus subclavatis: larsis

crassiusculis, articulis 4 basalibus gradatim leviter decre-

scentibus ; posticis in sexu masculo (5 e) 4-articulatis, art. lmo

longiusculo.

Obs.—Genus in structuré antennarum tarsorumque mascu-

lorum posticorum inter Péinidas abnormale, sed in reliquis

minutiis cum Spherico fere omnino congruens.

_The genus Nifpus was established lately by M. Jacquelin Duval

for the reception of a small member of the present family which is

common in Teneriffe, and which so closely counterfeits at first

sight my Sphericus albopictus, from Madeira, and its near Canarian

ally the S. s¢mplex, that, until examining it minutely, I had inad-

vertently mixed it up with specimens of the latter insect. After

a careful dissection of these species, and an accurate comparison

of their several parts, they appear to me to be almost identical in

every respect, except that in Nitpus the antennze and hinder male-

feet have their joints numerically reduced,—those of the former

(in both sexes) being merely nine and those of the latter four. In

the rest of their structural details I can detect no differences worth

mentioning,*—their various oral organs, as well as the form of

their metasterna, abdominal segments, and basally-distant pos-

terior coxa, being similar; nevertheless the primary importance

* The upper-lip in Nitpus is perhaps a little more pilose in front, and just per-

ceptibly rounder at the sides; the shoulder-like stipes of the maxillz is not quite

so square at its apex, and the terminal joint of the palpi is possibly a trifle less

elongate ; but such small differences (which are but barely appreciable) cannot

be of more than specific importance.

206 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on the

of the two above-mentioned characters would seem to necessitate

the retention of Nitpus as a distinet genus.

9. Nitpus gonospermi, J. Duval.

N. capite prothoraceque nigro-piceis et squamis subflavescenti-

cinereis parce tectis, hoe-'subcylindrico (ad latera vix ro-

tundato) in medio tenuissime canaliculato; elytris plus minus

clarioribus, rotundatis, sat profunde punctatis, fasciis duabus

parvis [sc. antemedia plerumque obsoleta et postmedia] plus

minus indistinctis oblique curvatis fractis subflavescenti-

cinereis ornatis; antennis pedibusque robustis, clare rufo-

ferrugineis.

Long. corp. lin. }—1.

Nitpus gonospermi, Jacq. Duval, Glan. Ent. 138 (1860).

Habitat Teneriffam, usque ad 2,000 s. m. ascendens, hine inde

vulgaris.

Apart from its generic characters (of antennze and hinder male-

feet), the N. gonospermi may be distinguished from the Sphericus

simplex (to which at first sight it is closely allied) by being, on the

average, a trifle larger, and with its limbs usually of a clearer hue

and rather more robust. Its prothorax, also, is somewhat more

cylindric (being a trifle less rounded at the sides), and with a

minute narrow central channel; its elytra are more strongly

punctured and globose, and with their very indistinct fascie a

little more evident, arcuated, and oblique ; and its scales are alto-

gether less white, or with a yellower tinge. It is a common

insect throughout the lower and intermediate regions of Teneriffe;

but, although absolutely abundant in certain places, I have not

captured it in any of the other islands of the group: yet the

Sphericus simplex, which has not been observed in Teneriffe,

supplies its place in Hierro, Whether it attaches itself to par-

ticular plants Iam unable to say; nevertheless I have certainly

beaten it in great profusion from off a yellow tansy in the waste

ground immediately above the Puerto of Orotava; and I have

likewise brushed it out of the thick herbage in a small Barranco at

Souzal, as well as at Taganana, and elsewhere. It has also been

taken by the Rev. R. T. Lowe near Garachico.

Genus Spuzricus.* (Pl. VIII. fig. 6.)

Woll., Ins. Mad. 263, pl. v. f. 4, 5, 6 (1854).

Corpus, antenne, instrumenta cibaria (6 a, 6b, 6c, 6d) et pedes

* On what principle of common fairness M. Jacq. Duval cancels the name

(even though I only registered it as of subgeneric importance) which I proposed

Ptinide of the Canary Islands. 207

ut in Mitpo; sed oculis interdum minus rotundatis, prothorace

minus subcylindrico (ad latera paulo magis eequaliter rotun-

dato), antennis vix gracilioribus et 11- (nec 9-) articulatis,

necnon larsis omnibus (in utroque sexu) pentameris.

The seven species which I characterized in the “ Insecta Ma-

derensia” as aberrant Ptini, under the Sectional name of Sphe-

ricus, are evidently members of M. De Boieldieu’s Division of

Trigonogenius for which he retained Gené’s title of Zipnus:

indeed the albopictus (so universal throughout the Madeiran

archipelago, and which is intimately related to the rest) was

actually examined by M. De Boieldieu, whilst compiling his

Monograph of the Péinide, and referred by him without doubt to

that particular group. Hence, in my recent dissections,* I have

not hesitated to regard both the albopictus and sunplex as normal

representatives of Z%pnus (as registered by M. De Boieldieu, and

subsequently characterized by M. Duval). Nevertheless with

respect to the mere name of the genus, there can be no question

[vide the foot-note, p. 206] that “ Sphericus” has the priority.

10. Sphericus simplex, n. sp. (Pl. VIII. fig. 6.)

S. capite prothoraceque nigro-piceis et squamis cinereis parce

tectis, hoc ad latera paulo rotundato, subeequali; elytris plus

minus clarioribus, ovalibus, vix profunde punctatis, fascia

for these insects in 1854, substituting instead one of his own published in 1860, it

is difficult to conjecture. In my short sectional diagnosis I gave at all events

sufficient particulars for recognizing these species from the true Ptini [for, in ad-

dition to figures of three of them, I called attention to their globose form, apterous

bodies, scaly (instead of pilose) surface, convex (instead of posteriorly constricted )

prothorax, and (besides two other characters of less importance) their obsolete

scutella], so that it is a simple act of injustice when M. Duval disposes of all this

in the few following words: ‘‘ Du reste, M. Wollaston basait son groupe sur des

caractéres sans valeur.” Surely M. Duval must have been aware that, after all,

those few points to which I alluded embody the main differential features of the

group; at any rate in glancing at his own diagnosis I find very little else, of a

distinctive kind, referred to: and even if they did not embody them, it would

still be no argument for the rejection of the title which I imposed on it. As for

his observation that, in my Catalogue of 1857, I suppressed the name of Spheri-

cus in favour of Trigonogenius, of Gay and Solier, it is mere ‘‘ special pleading.”

The reason why I substituted Trigonogenius in that Catalogue, was, because it

was an older term than my own (so that the law of priority required the change):

but now that the name of Trigonogenius is limited to the South American species,

jt is quite evident that the title which I proposed for the European and Atlantic

ones (three of which were absolutely figured) should be adopted.

* My dissections of Sphericus, given in the Plate, are taken from the Madeiran

albopictus (which is almost identical, specifically, with the simplea).

208 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on the

indistincté postmedia [antemedia obsoleta] fracta cinerea

ornatis; antennis pedibusque piceo- vel rufo-ferrugineis ;

oculis parvis, rotundatis.

Long. corp. lin. }—.

Habitat in ins. Hierro, a meipso prope oppidum Valverde,

Februario a.p. 1858, detectus.

This little Sphericus is almost identical, at first sight, with the

S. albopictus, which is so universal and abundant throughout the

Madeiran Group; nevertheless it may be at once known from it,

when placed beneath the microscope, by its tarsi being more

conical,—the penultimate joint, which is strongly bilobed in the

albopictus, being in the S. simplex both narrow and entire. In other

particulars, the fascize of the Canarian species are less developed

than is the case in its ally,—the antemedial one being apparently

quite suffused and obsolete, whilst the postmedial one is more

indistinct and not so arcuate; but the obscure, ill-defined, longi-

tudinal, cloud-like band which tends to unite the two is, on the

other hand, perhaps rather more traceable. Its primd facie dis-

tinctions from the Nitpus gonospermi (apart from generic ones)

have been already implied in my observations under that insect.

As mentioned above, the S. simplex has as yet only been noticed

in the island of Hierro,—where, during my residence there with

the Rev. R. T. Lowe in February, 1858, I captured a few speci-

mens of it in a small Barranco immediately to the north-west of

Valverde.

11. Sphericus gibbicollis, n. sp.

S. capite prothoraceque fusco-piceis et squamis flavescenti-

cinereis dense tectis, hoc ad latera distinctius rotundato, in

disco gibboso sub-binodoso et in medio canaliculato ; elytris

clarioribus (rufo-ferrugineis) ovalibus vel rotundato-ovalibus,

profunde punctatis, fascia indistinctaé postmedia plus minus

obsoleta fracta flavescenti-cinerea ornatis; antennis pedi-

busque robustis, clare rufo-ferrugineis, squamosis; oculis

reniformi-ovatis.

Long. corp. lin. 3—14.

Habitat in ins. Lanzarota et Fuerteventura, rarissimus.

In the shape of its eyes, which are ovate-reniform (being rather

acute behind and broad in front), instead of round, the §. oibbi-

collis differs not only from the preceding species but from all the

Spherict with which I am acquainted. In other respects, it

recedes from the S. simplex in being apparentiy rather larger and

Ptinida of the Canary Islands. 209

more ferruginous ; in its head and prothorax (the latter of which is

more gibbous and convex, as also sub-binodulose and channeled,

on its disc) being more densely clothed with yedlowish-white scales ;

in its elytra being more deeply punctured ; and in its limbs being

rather more scaly and robust. So far as I have observed hitherto,

it is peculiar to Lanzarote and Fuerteventura, and is excessively

rare. From the latter indeed I possess but a single specimen ;

but in the former I have taken it sparingly, at Yé, in the extreme

north of the island.

Genus Piarus, nov. gen. (PI. VIII. fig. 7.)

Corpus mediocre, elytris rotundato-ovalibus, parce squamosum

necnon pilis rigidis erectis ubique eequaliter vestitum, ap-

terum: oculis parvis, subrotundatis, prominulis : prothorace

subaequali, ad latera paulo rotundato: scutello parvo, tri-

angulari, inter setulas zgre observando: elytris connatis:

metasterno brevi, zequali, postice (inter coxas posticas) facile

et leviter arcuato: abdominis segmento penultimo vix brevi.

Antenne et instrumenta cibartia (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) fere ut in

Ptinidis typicis, sed mandibulis (7b) obtusius dentatis, versus

apicem internum obliquius subtruncatis (sed minus quam in

genere Casapo). Pedes fere ut in generibus preecedentibus,

articulis 4 basalibus (in utroque sexu) gradatim leviter decre-

scentibus.

Obs.—Genus Nitpo et Spherico fere simile, sed species est

major et pilis rigidis erectis ubique densissime vestita, scu-

tello distincto triangulari, segmento penultimo abdominali

haud brevissimo, necnon mandibulis obtusius dentatis et

obliquius truncatis. Corpore sat magno et presertim elytris

dentato-subfasciatis cum genere sequenti (saltem Piotes in-

constans) melius congruit; sed prothorax subzequalis est (nec

nodoso-costatus), ad latera subzequaliter rotundatus, elytra

sunt equalia (nec ad basin etiam obsolete subcostata, nec

ibidem densius setosa), labrum est paulo minus pilosum et

vix emarginatum, mandibule sunt obtusius dentate et magis

oblique truncate, processus stipitis maxillaris est magis

quadrata, necnon tarsi in utroque sexu inter se non discedunt

(i. e. posticorum masculorum articulo basalari haud in-

crassato).

A mapoc, pinguis.

In external contour and size, though more especially in the

rigid pile with which its surface is beset, and the tendency of its

VOL. I. THIRD SERIES, PART I11.—AvGUST, 1862. P

210 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on the

elytra to be ornamented with much the same kind of dentate

fascice (formed by paler scales), the insect from which the above

structural formula has been drawn possesses so much in common

with the Piotes inconstans from Grand Canary that, until critically

examining it, I could scarcely believe that it was not a closely-

allied member of the same genus. Nevertheless since it is totally

free from the chief characteristics of that group (namely the im-

mensely developed first-joint of the hinder male-feet, and the

more or less nodose-costate prothorax), and since also the base of

its elytra has no appearance whatsoever of the stronger and denser

setze and the obsolete ridges which are more or less indicated in

Piotes (and carried to an excess in Casapus), whilst its scutellum

is more evidently developed and its mandibles are much less

sharply toothed, and more obliquely truncated at their apex, than

is there the case, I have no alternative but to regard it as gene-

rically distinct. In minor details, moreover, the upper-lip of

Piarus is less pilose, and not so deeply emarginate, as that of

Piotes; and the shoulder-like process of its maxillary stzpes is

squarer and more obtuse.

From Nitpus and Sphericus (with which in some respects it

might be associated) Piarus differs mainly in the larger size and

strongly pilose surface of the insect which represents it; as well

as in its distinct scutellum, its very much less shortened penulti-

mate abdominal segment, and its less acutely dentate, and more

obliquely-truncated mandibles.

12. Piarus basalis, nn. sp. (PI. VIII. fig. 7.)

P. niger vel piceo-niger; capite sat dense flavescenti-cinereo-

squamoso; prothorace densissime granulato- (vel tubercu-

lato-) asperato et setulis fuscis suberectis dense obsito; ely-

tris ovalibus, striato-punctatis, subnitidis, pilis rigidis erectis

elongatis dense obsitis et fasciis duabus [sc. basali magn&

conspicua dentata et sub-apicali parva fracté seepius obso-

leta] flavescenti-abidis ornatis ; antennis pedibusque robustis,

ferrugineis, squamosis.

Long. corp. lin. 1—1}.

Habitat ins. Lanzarotam et Fuerteventuram, hinc inde vulgaris :

in stercore arido bovino, equino, camelino (una cum Notiomimo

jimicold et czeteris degens) latitat.

Apart from its generic characters already alluded to, the present

insect is conspicuous amongst the other Ptinide here described by

the long and erect hairs with which it is densely clothed, by its dark

Ptinide of the Canary Islands. | Ak

surface and coarsely granulated prothorax, as well as by the large

and rather conspicuous fascia of paler scales with which the base

of its elytra is adorned. It seems peculiar to the two eastern

islands, Lanzarote and Fuerteventura, and is rather singular in its

habits,—occurring usually (in company with the Dignomus gra-

cilipes, Notiomimus fimicola and a beautiful Corynetes) in the dried

dung of horses, oxen and camels, in the most arid spots, often in

considerable profusion. I have, however, taken it occasionally

beneath stones; under which circumstances it was also found by

John Gray, Esq., during our sojourn in Fuerteventura.

Genus Piorzs, nov. gen. (PI. VIII. fig. 8, 9.)

Corpus mediocre vel sat magnum, elytris rotundato-ovalibus,

plus minus squamosum necnon typice pilis rigidis erectis

(preesertim ad humeros) vestitum, apterum: oculis parvis,

subrotundatis, prominulis: prothorace plus minus 2- vel 4-

nodoso-costato, ad basin ipsissimam leviter coarctato: scutello

haud observando: elytris connatis, ad basin obsoletissime

longitudinaliter subcostatis: metasterno brevi, aequali, postice

(inter coxas posticas) facile et leviter arcuato: abdominis seg-

mento penultimo vix brevi. Antenne et instrumenta cibaria

(8a, ‘8b, 8c, 8d) fere ut in Pétinidis typicis, sed labro (8 a)

apice densius piloso et paulo profundius emarginato et stipitis

maxillaris processu (8c) paulo longiore. Pedes fere ut in

Casapo, i. e. crassiusculi, tarsorum posticorum masculorum

(8 e) articulo basalari maximo dilatato,

Obs.—Genus articulo basalari tarsorum posticorum mas-

culorum maximo dilatato, prothorace (necnon etiam elytris

obsoletissime) ad basin plus minus setoso-nodoso-costato,

Casapo simulans; sed structura instrumentorum cibariorum

[se. mandibularum, palporum labialium et cet. ] cum Ptinidis

typicis fere congruit: praeter czetera, corpore minore densius

vestito et haud polito, labro magis piloso coxisque posticis

paulo distantioribus a Casapo recedit. A genere preecedenti

(Piaro) Piotes prothorace (et etiam elytris ad basin obsoletis-

sime) nodoso-costato (nec aquali), mandibulis acutius den-

tatis, processu stipitis maxillaris longiore angustiore, necnon

tarsorum posticorum masculorum articulo primo maximo

dilatato differt.

A xérne [ioc], obesitas. [Typus—P. inconstans. |

In the remarkably enlarged basal joint of its two hinder male-

feet, as well as in the more or less evident noduliform costz

212 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on the

with which its prothorax and the base of its elytra are embossed

(—though in the latter position they are but just traceable, and

may be regarded as obsolete), the present genus brings us back

again to Casapus, with which we commenced this descriptive enu-

meration of the.Canarian Piinide. Nevertheless it differs essen-

tially from that group, since it not merely wants the curious

excavation at the apex of the labial palpi, and the very obtuse,

obliquely truncated mandibles which are there so conspicuous ;

but, amongst other differences, its body is smaller, much more

densely clothed, and un-polished, its upper-lip is more pilose, and

its posterior coxee are somewhat more distant. In fact, although

assuming the two above-mentioned peculiarities of Casapus (and

they are most significant ones), it has evidently a greater affinity

with the last genus,—to which in external contour and size, no

less than in the subdentate fascize with which its elytra are adorned,

and the stiff erect hairs with which it is everywhere beset, the

Grand Canarian P. inconstans (which I regard as the type) makes

a most decided approach; nevertheless its costate pronotum and

the subcostate base of its elytra, in conjunction with its undis-

tinguishable scutellum, its more pubescent and emarginated upper-

lip, its acuter mandibles (at all events of the P. inconstans), which

are constructed like those of the ordinary Ptinide, the longer and

narrower process of its maxillary stipes and the incrassated first-

joint of the hinder tarsi of its male sex, will at once separate it from

Piarus.

§ I. Corpus squamosum et selosum ; mandibulis apice acutis (ut in

Ptinis typicis).

13. Piotes inconstans,n. sp. (PI. VIII. fig. 8.)

P. nigra vel piceo-nigra; capite prothoraceque dense flavescenti-

cinereo-squamosis, hoc postice leviter 4-nodoso-costato; elytris

ovalibus, striato-punctatis, subnitidis, pilis plus minus rigidis,

plus minus erectis, plus minus elongatis, plus minus dense

obsitis, fasciis duabus magnis dentatis [sc. sub-basali et

postmedia] necnon apice albidis (plus minus distinctis vel

inter se suffusis) ornatis; antennis pedibusque robustis, fer-

rugineis, squamosis.

a. elytris setulis brevibus subdemissis dense tectis, fasciis ple-

rumque sat distinctis.

(. [evrde fig. | elytris pilis rigidis longiusculis erectis dense tectis,

fasciis plerumque sat distinctis.

y: lanata [an species vera ?] elytris pilis mollibus valde elongatis

Ptinide of the Canary Islands. 213

erectis sat dense tectis, fasciis plerumque minus distinctis,

interdum fere omnino confluentibus suffusis obsoletis.

Long. corp. lin. 1}—23.

Habitat sub lapidibus in ins. Canaria Grandi, rarissima: status

a et 6 ad Maspalomas et Arguineguin dente hepeh sed y ad are-

nosos juxta Las Palmas pertinet.

After a careful examination of many specimens of this insect, I

have been forced to the conclusion that variability in the length

and thickness of the hairs with which its elytra are beset, no less

than the inconstancy of its fascize, form (in combination) one of

its characteristic features. As regards the greater or less de-

velopment of its elytral markings (which, although in some

examples well-defined and bright, are in others entirely lost sight

of, and suffused inter se) there is nothing remarkable, for the

whole of these fasciated Ptinide are eminently unstable in this

respect ; but I am not aware of any other instance in which the

erect hairs which stud the elytra are so extremely variable as they

are in the present species. In fact, were I not able almost to

complete the passage between the three states indicated above, I

might have regarded them as specifically distinct ; but since such

is the case, and since also their other characters (apart from the

elytral clothing) are nearly identical, I cannot but consider them

as mere phases of each other. As regards the first two of them,

however (a and (3), they certainly are not local forms, for I have

taken them in company; neither are they sexual, for they are

equally indicated in both males and females; but with respect to

the third (y) there is a possibility that it may be a geographical

state, since I have hitherto observed it in only one locality (the

sandy region between Las Palmas and Puerto da Luz of Grand

Canary), and unmixed. The whole three of them seem to be

peculiar to Grand Canary—where, in April, 1858, I took the a

and beneath stones in the vast sandy tract at Maspalomas (in

the south of the island), as also at Arguineguin: whilst the y (as

just stated) occurs in similar spots between Las Palmas and the

Isleta, in the north.

§ II. Corpus squamosum (nec setosum); mandibulis apice paulo

magis obtusis.

14, Piotes vestita,n. sp. (Pl. VIII. fig. 9.)

P. nigra, squamulis fuscis demissis ubique densissime vestita ;

prothorace costis discalibus duabus valde elevatis (lateralibus

214 On the Ptinida of the Canary Islands.

obsoletis) notato, angustulo, lateraliter compresso; elytris

ovalibus, striato-punctatis; antennis pedibusque elongatis,

robustis, Ss quan

Long. corp. lin. 2

Habitat sub ae tNek in ins. Palma, rarissima.

The great size of this species, which is concolorous throughout

(being densely clothed with decumbent pale-brown scales) and is

quite free from erect hairs, in conjunction with its small, narrow,

laterally-compressed prothorax (which has two considerably ele-

vated ridges down its disk, but the external ones obsolete), will

readily distinguish it from the other members of the Pioide here

described. In general outline, both of prothorax and elytra, no

less than in the bicostate surface of the former, the total freedom

of the latter from additional pile, its large bulk, the slight ten-

dency which its elytra possess to have obscure subsetulose ridges

at their base, and the enormous development of the first-joint of

its hinder male-feet, it has much in common with the Casapus sub-

calvus from Hierro; and indeed the fact that the latter insect is

somewhat aberrant in its group (having not only indications of

minute scales on its elytra, instead of hairs, but likewise the

extreme apex of its labial palpi almost entire) would perhaps

render this relationship the more striking; nevertheless, every

point duly considered, I think there can be no doubt but that the

present species has (despite its unpilose body and sub-obtuse

mandibles) more in common with the type of Piofes than it has

with the aberration from the type of Casapus ; though, as implied

at the commencement of this memoir, it may be said to bring us

almost back again to the forms with which we started.

The P. vestita appears to be extremely rare, the only two

specimens which I have seen having been captured by myself in

the island of Palma during June, 1858—one high up in the Bar-

ranco above Santa Cruz, and the other in the laurel-woods above

Buenavista on the ascent to the Cumbre.

( 215 )

XII. Descriptions of New Species of the Genus Bassus.

By Tuomas Desviengs, Esq.

[Read Ist July, 1861.]

Havine already given a list of indigenous Bassi, in the Catalogue

printed for the British Museum, I do not think it necessary to

recapitulate them here; their descriptions are accurately given

by Grav. Vol. III. Ich. Eur. pp. 312—357. The following I

consider to be eleven new distinct species, and have, therefore,

ventured to describe them as such. The females in this sub-genus

of the family of the Bass: vary:—thus the apex of the abdomen

in some species is but little compressed, in others the remaining

segments from the second are completely so, forming, as it were,

a narrow dorsal ridge—but the males are mostly similar to one

another in their habits, and probably from this fact Gravenhorst

did not think it necessary to form another sub-genus.

New species described :—

Bassus rufocinctus, D.

» maculatus, D.

»» ptcitans, D.

» scabrosus, D.

» albicinctus, D.

» frenator, D.

», thoracicus, D.

» flavus, D.

» planus, D.

», *compressus, & (@ B.M.C. 91—19).

» pulchellus, D.

», elegans, Grav. g

a ” @ D.

Bassus rufocinctus.

Segmentis 1 et 2 crebre punctatis, 2—5 rufo-marginatis; coxis

et femoribus ‘nigris, tibiis et orbitis oculorum internis flavis,

scutello nigro. ~

Long. 2—23 lin. # et 9.

Head—apex of mandibles and the inner orbits of the eyes,

extending above and a little below the antenne, yellow. Antenne

filiform, more than half the length of body. Thorax gibbous,

with a line before and a small dot at the base of wings yellow.

216 Mr. Thomas Desvignes’ Descriptions of

Wings hyaline, with a very faint tinge of yellow; base and stigma

pale, the latter slightly eloudy. Legs—coxze and trochanters

black, the first and second pairs of the latter sometimes yellow at

their apex ; first pair of femora pitchy fulvous at the base, paler

at the apex, second pair black at the base, sulphur colour after-

wards; hinder femora black, the extreme apex fulvous; all the

tibize yellowish, the tarsi fuscous.

Abdomen depressed, first segment sessile-quadrate, the second

broader than the first, both deeply punctate, a slightly impressed

line on each, the remainder punctate; the margins of second to

fifth segments chestnut red; apex of female sub-compressed ;

aculeus sub-exserted.

Allied to B. multicolor, Grav.

Bassus maculatus.

Segmentis mediis rufis nigro-maculatis; pedibus fulvis, coxis

et trochanteribus flavis, posticis basi nigris; ¢ facie, genis,

picturis thoracis et pectoris flavis; @ ore et macula fere

dimidiata infra- antennas flavis, abdomine e segmento 2°

compresso.

Long. 2—23 lin.

Head—face, cheeks and frontal orbits of the @ yellow, the

former distinctly protuberant longitudinally ; female with a yellow

dot nearly double just below the antenne. Antenne shorter than

the body, filiform, the last joint slightly acuminate; of the

beneath yellow; @ towards the base pale ferruginous, second

joint at the extreme base black. Thorax more cylindrical than

gibbous, a line before, a dot at the base and another adjoining

beneath the wings, yellow; the ¢ has besides a yellow band ex-

tending from below the wings to the breast behind the first pair of

coxee, and also a yellow dot on each side of the collar. Scutellum

black. Wings hyaline; stigma and base pale; the costa fuscous.

Legs fulvous ; cox and trochanters yellow, the hinder pair black

at the base, a blackish streak beneath the posterior femora of the

g ; tibize pale fulvous, and the tarsi rather darker. Abdomen & —

Ist and 2nd segments black, the margin of the latter and 3rd—Sth

segments rufous or chestnut ; 3rd —5th with a large, central, some-

what triangular black patch. @ black, the sides of the 2nd—5th

entirely red or chestnut, from the apex of the 2nd much com-

pressed, forming, as it were, a narrow ridge on the back ; aculeus

very short, curved upwards,

New Species of the Genus Bassus. 217

Bassus picitans.

Segmento secundo puncto laterali obscuro-ferrugineo, pedibus

fulvis, coxis nigris; ¢ orbitis oculorum internis et macula

faciei flavis; @ ore, clypeo, et puncto faciali flavis, areola

oblique quadrata.

Long. 13—2 lin.

Rather smaller than B. pictus.

Head—face with the internal orbits, a central spot, mandibles

and labrum, yellow; ¢ mouth and a small central dot paler

yellow. Antenne filiform, longer than half the body; 1st joint

beneath yellow. Thorax with a line before the wings, and a

narrower one under, yellow. Wings hyaline; stigma and base

pale; areolet obliquely 4-angular. Legs—coxe and trochanters

black, their apex sometimes yellowish, or with a paler dot; femora

fulvous beneath, more or less dusky towards the base in the ¢,

extreme tip of hinder tibize and the tarsi obscure. 4Abdomen—the

lateral margins of the 2nd segment with an obscure ferruginous

dot; Ist and 2nd segments opaque; the apex of @ very slightly

sub-compressed ; aculeus exserted, stout, short.

Bassus scabrosus 3 .

Mas.—Segmentorum marginibus tuberculatis ; segmento primo

lineis duabus elevatis, segmento 2° lineis tribus depressis ;

abdomine toto punctato, przesertim segmentis 1° et 2°;

pedibus anterioribus flavis; coxis et tarsis posticis nigris,

- femoribus rufis ; scutello, facie et picturis thoracis et pectoris

flavis; areola petiolata.

Long. 4 lin.

Head—face, mouth and cheeks, and a portion of the inner orbits

above the antenne, yellow. Antenne not so long as the body,

setaceous; first joint beneath yellow; the articulations towards

the base longish, and testaceous beneath, gradually darker towards

the apex. Thorax gibbous, a triangular patch before the wings,

below this a perpendicular one broadest at its base, a line below

the wings, a pectoral one behind the first pair of coxze extending

upwards, and two large spots before them on the lower part of the

collar; a sutural line between the metathorax and mesothorax,

and a line below the scutellum, yellow. Scutellum yellow. Wings

smoky hyaline; costa and stigma black, base yellow; areola

triangular, petiolated; the inferior nervure of the first cubital

cellule slightly arched, but not angulated. Legs—Anterior coxe

yellow; femora pale fulvous: hinder coxe black; apex of tro-

chanters yellow ; femora red ; all the tibize pale fulvous, the apex

218 Mr. Thomas Desvignes’ Descriptions of

of the hinder pair and tarsi black. Abdomen longer than the head

and thorax, deeply punctured; first segment with two elevated

lines meeting before the apex, somewhat shining ; second segment

with three longitudinal furrows; all the margins tuberculated, less

so towards the apex; the first segment a little broader at the base

than at the apex, sessile, the sides straight.

Bassus albicinctus.

Segmentis 2° et 3° marginibus lateralibus albis, tertio medio.

ferrugineo; pedibus pallide fulvis, coxis flavis, posticis fere

totis nigris, tarsis et apice tibiarum fuscis; facie, parte

genarum, scutello et picturis thoracis flavis.

Statura fere omnino B. albosignati, Grav.

Long. 3 lin.

Head—face and a portion of cheeks and mouth yellow; apex of

mandibles ferruginous. Antenne beneath piceous, first joint

yellow. Thorax—a transverse line below the scutellum, an angular

broad line before, another at the base, also one below the wings,

a perpendicular one extending to the breast, behind the first pair of

coxze, and two large round spots before them, yellow. Scutellum

yellow. Wings—stigma large, and costa black or pitchy; scales

pale. Legs palish fulvous, or rather reddish; first and second

pair of coxee and all the trochanters yellow: hinder coxz black,

pale at the apex; hinder tarsi and apex of tibize fuscous. Abdo-

men depressed, as broad as the thorax, the third segment broadest,

first segment with two elevated ridges, the lateral margins also

slightly raised ; the margin of the second white, with a tinge of

red intermixed, the lateral or apical margins of the third white,

the space between them light chestnut; first to third rugose or

deeply punctured, the remainder much less so and shining; ex-

treme margin of the fifth whitish.

Note.—Allied to B. albosignatus, but very distinct: the descrip-

tion is of a male insect.

Bassus frenator.

Pedibus fulvo-rufis, coxis anterioribus flavis, tibiis posticis, plus

dimidiatim, et tarsis atris, illis basi albis; scutello apice, et

freno flavis; metathorace tumidulo plano; pectore et coxis

posticis rufo-flavo variegatis (mas —facie, quoque articulo 1°

antennarum flavis).

Statura B. pectoratorii, Gray., sed abdomine absque lineis

impressis.

Long. 3 lin,

New Species of the Genus Bassus. 219

Head—face, mouth and a small portion of cheeks whitish yellow.

Antenne filiform, longer than half the body; beneath testaceous ;

first joint whitish yellow, base of second blackish. Thorax—a line

slightly curved before the wings, two united below the first pair,

a sutural dot below the second pair, and the collar before the first

pair of coxe, pale yellow; sides of breast red, tinged with yellow.

Frenum and apex of scutellum of the same colour. Wings—

nervures and stigma pitchy; scales pale; areolet small, sub-

triangular, petiolated. Legs above fulvous yellow, paler beneath ;

anterior coxz and all the trochanters pale straw-coloured; posterior

coxz pale red; hinder tibize before the middle and tarsi deep

black; one-third from the apex of the former white. Abdomen

as broad as the thorax, deep black; first segment with a deepish

central furrow ; first and second segment nearly opaque, the re-

mainder smoother.

This insect is somewhat like B. pectoratorius, but differs in

having no impressed lines on the abdomen, which is also much

smoother.

Bassus thoracicus.

Pedibus sub-castaneis, tarsis posticis et apice tibiarum nigris ;

pectore et lateribus metathoracis semiustulato-rufis ; picturis

thoracis, marginibus scutelli et lineis duabus sub scutello

pallidis ; ore et linea media faciei flavis.

Statura et proportio B. picti, Grav., (areola simile).

Long. 23 lin.

Head—palpi, mandibles and a central facial line pale. Thorax—

a line before, a dot, also a line below the wings, pale; below the

wings, and a spot on the sides of metathorax, burnt-reddish

colour ; the breast with a central obscure patch, two pale lines

below the scutellum. Scutellum itself black, the outer margins

with two angular pale dots. Legs pale chestnut-red; hinder

tibize cloudy-white; the apex and tarsi black. Wings—areolet

oblong, outwardly a little bent; stigma and base pale, costa

and nervures darker. Abdomen opaque; 2nd segment slightly

aciculated at the base ; 6th segment beneath protruding.

Bassus flavus @.

Mas.—Corpore subtus toto flavo; oculis, occipite et tarsis

posticis nigris; scutello magno flavo; segmentis abdominis

glauci-marginatis ; segmento 1° thorace angustiore, lateribus

rectis; areola parva petiolata.

Long. 23 lin.

220 Mr. Thomas Desvignes’ Descriptions of

Head—eyes and occiput and forehead black. Antenne beneath

pale yellow, obscurer towards the apex, black above. Thorax

with a broad line before, one at the base, joined to another below

the wings, yellow. Scutellum large, elevated, subcordate, also a

line below yellow. Wings hyaline; stigma fuscous, base broadly

pale; areolet petiolated, small, triangular, the external nervure

rather indistinct. Legs—hinder femora somewhat fulvous; the

apex of posterior tibiz and tarsi black. Abdomen—the first seg-

ment narrower than the thorax, its sides straight, the remainder

as broad, with their margins glaucous or pale white.

Bassus planus.

Pedibus rufis; tibiis posticis albidis apice, et tarsis nigris.

$ facie, antennis subtus flavis, coxis anticis pallidioribus ;

@ ore et puncto faciali sub-stramineis, areola obliqua

sessili.

Statura omnino B. picti, Grav.

Long. 3 lin.

Head—mouth and face of the g yellow; 9 mouth and a facial

dot paler. Antenne longer than half the body, filiform or sub-

setaceous; g beneath yellow. Thorax with a narrow yellow

streak before the wings. Wings smoky hyaline; stigma fuscous,

base and scales pale; areolet oblique, 4-angular, sessile. Legs

red; anterior coxze and trochanters paler, more so in the g; hinder.

tibize whitish, their apex black, also the hinder tarsi. Abdomen

of the g not so broad as the thorax, the sides parallel; 9 sub-

fusiform; Ist and 2nd segments finely aciculated, the remainder

more glossy, but slightly canescent.

B. compressus, 6. (B. M. C. p. 91—19, @.)

Mas.—Facie toto et articulo primo antennarum subtus flavis,

reliquis ferrugineis; picturis thoracis et pectoris flavis,

coxis anterioribus flavis; abdomine lineare; segmentis 1°

et 2° et basi 3! punctatis scabris, reliquis nitidioribus.

Head—face and the lower part of cheeks yellow. Antenne—

first joint beneath yellow, the remainder ferruginous. Thorax

gibbous, a broad hooked line before, a dot at the base and a line

below the wings yellow; also a sutural line encircling the breast,

behind the first pair of coxee, of the same colour. Wings as in@.

Legs as in 9, but the anterior coxe yellow. Abdomen linear ;

Ist, 2nd and base of 3rd segments scabrous, punctate, the re-

mainder glossy; very near the base of 3rd segment is a short

depressed line.

New Species of the Genus Bassus. 221

Bassus pulchellus.

Abdomine tricolore; segmentis intermediis rufo et viride

marginatis; pedibus testaceis aut pallide fulvis; coxis et

trochanteribus albo-flavis, illis posticis subtus macula nigra ;

femoribus posticis fulvis, subtus basi summo fuscis; tarsis

obscuris ; scutello, picturis thoracis et pectoris flavis; facie,

genis et articulo 1° antennarum subtus flavis, sequentibus

testaceis.

Long. 23—38 lin.

Statura et proportio omnino B. Exsultantis, Grav.

Head—mouth, face and cheeks yellow; apex of mandibles

slightly ferruginous. Antenne filiform, shorter than the body ;

Ist joint beneath yellow, the remainder testaceous. Thorax

gibbous, a hooked broad line before, a dot at the base, a line

below the wings, a spot below the scutellum, a longitudinal line

between the first and second pair of coxe, another encircling the

breast, yellow. Scutellum yellow. Wings hyaline; stigma pale

cloudy ; scales yellow. Legs pale yellow; hinder femora dilute-

fulvous ; tarsi dusky, coxee and trochanters whitish yellow; the

hinder coxze with a black spot beneath. Femora also at the

extreme base fuscous. Abdomen—lIst segment linear, finely punc-

tate, the remainder broader than the first, but equilateral; 2nd

segment more or less black, its margin red; 3rd red, sometimes

rather cloudy, its margin greenish; the remainder black, their

margins glaucous.

Note.—Closely allied to B. Exsultans.

B. elegans 9. (& Grav. Ich. Eur. Vol. IT. p. 313.)

Abdominis medio rufo; pedibus fulvis ; ¢ coxis et trochanteribus

nigro flavoque pictis; ¢ coxis obscuro nigris fere badiis;

tarsis posticis nigris gf et @; ¢ facie flava, @ nigra ma-

cula rufa aut ferruginea; ¢ picturis thoracis flavis; ¢ et @

scutelli margine apicali flava, interdum punctis duobus flavis ;

areola oblique rectangulari subsessili.

Long. 23—3 lin.

Head— $ mouth, face and cheeks yellow; @ face black, with

a central ferruginous or yellowish spot; mouth pale. Antenne

— $ Ist joint beneath yellow; 9 dark brownentirely. Thorax-— $

a line before the wings, a smaller one beneath, a lateral spot on the

collar, the lateral suture between the prothorax and metathorax,

also a longitudinal line on each side of the breast, yellow; @ a line

before the wings only, the rest of the thorax black. Scutellum—

222 New Species of the Genus Bussus.

the apical margin yellow, obsolete, or with only two small apical

dots. Wings—stigma and costa fuscous, the former somewhat

paler. <Areolet oblique, rectangular, subsessile. Legs fulvous; ¢

anterior coxee yellow, base black; hinder ones black; the apex of

trochanters yellow; @ coxe and trochanters chestnut black; the

apex of the latter yellowish; g and @ hinder tarsi black. Abdomen

$; Ist and 2nd segments, scabrous; 2nd, at the apex mostly

fulvous; 2rd, red or fulvous; 4th, seldom entirely red, generally

with a black basal fascia: @, broad as the thorax, the margin of

Ist segment red; 2nd not black at the base; 4th segment some-

times with a black marginal fascia; 5th—7th glossy; the apex

scarcely sub-compressed ; aculeus very short, thick, distinct.

Var.—\st segment entirely black.

XIII. A few Words on the Synonymy of Laverna Langiella.

By H. T. Stainton, Esq., F.L.S.

[Read 7th October, 1861.]

Few insects are more conspicuous and striking than Laverna Lan-

giella, but few have had a more embarrassed and complex

synonymy. My first acquaintance with the insect arose from an

un-named specimen in the collection of James Francis Stephens ;

this was found to agree very well with Hibner’s figure of Lan-

giella, but, on referring to Treitschke’s description, I noticed the

words “die Fiihler schwarz und weiss geringelt ;” and as the insect

before me had unicolorous dark antenne, I did not venture to

pronounce it identical with the Langiella of Treitschke, and there-

fore described it in my “ Catalogue of British Tineid”’ as Nivei-

punctella, n.sp. Subsequently I ascertained that our insect was

undoubtedly the continental Langiella, and not a new species

closely allied to it, and that the discrepancy in Treitschke’s

description was an error. Schlager in the ‘‘ Tauschvereinsbericht”

for 1847 had recorded the habit of the larva, and in my volume

of the “Insecta Britannica” I drew attention to this, calling the

insect by the Hiibnerian name of Langiella.

Unfortunately errors are not altogether disposed of when we

discover our own mistakes and correct them, for others may

already have adopted them and may not feel disposed lightly to

part with them. I was accordingly horrified to find figured on

Herrich-Schaffer’s 118th plate of Tineides, as two distinct species,

Langiella and Niveipunctella, The text, however, made the sub-

ject still more perplexing, as the figure of Niverpunctella was

referred to as the representation of Langiella, and the figure of

Langiella was referred to as the representation of a new species,

Fulicella of Heyden, having a slight difference in the form of the

white spot.

Frey in his Monograph of the genus Laverna, in the 14th vol. of

the “ Linnzea Entomologica,”’ places Fulicella after Langiella as a

species unknown to him and rather problematical.

Fortunately Von Heyden was able to come to the rescue, and

by a short notice in Herrich-Schaffer’s ‘ Correspondenzblatt,”

vol. i. p. 22, to explain the origin of his Fulicella. This was briefly

as follows :—

In his copy of Hiibner the figure of Langiella did not agree

well with the insects he had bred from Epilobium, aud hence he

224 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the

had concluded these were a new species, and named them Fulicella.

In 1839 he sent specimens of these Fulicella to Fischer von Résler-

stamm, who wrote back that he did not consider them distinct

from Hubner’s Langiella, and Von Heyden, having satisfied him-

self that this opinion was correct, sunk the name Fulicella in his

collection. It was from the specimens sent by Von Heyden to

Fischer von Roéslerstamm, under the name of Fulicella, that Her-

rich-Schaffer constituted this new species in his ‘* Schmetterlinge

von Europa;” thus, ina complicated way, perpetuating an error of

Von Heyden’s, and one of my own,—for I fear many will yet

puzzle over his two species who will not meet with this explana-

tion.

. Last week, when referring to a Berlin periodical, published in

1794, for a description of the larva of Gracilaria stigmatella,

referred to by Schrank in his “ Fauna Boica,” I stumbled on a

description of this insect, with the habit of the larva and figure of

the mined leaf, larva and imago, under the name of Alucita Epi-

lobiella ; this was from the pen of Romer, and it appears in the

11th volume of the ‘Schriften der Gesellschaft naturforschende

Freunde in Berlin,” p. 162, pl. 3, fig. 1—5. Von Heyden had

called attention to this notice of Rémer’s in his short paper in the

‘“* Correspondenz Blatt,” and to its having been completely over-

looked by modern writers; but [ had not observed his remark

till after unearthing the old observation. Not unfrequently after

making a discovery, one finds it was already previously known.

Epilobiella would be the oldest name for the species, but is already

preoccupied in the genus, if the /pilobiella of the ‘* Wiener Ver-

zeichniss” is to stand; but the sole description there given,

‘‘ Weidrichsroschen Raupe (Epilobi harsutt), Weidrichsroschen

Schabe, Tinea Epilobiella,” would apply to nearly the whole genus

Laverna, and I have never been able to find a sufficient “ stand-

punkt” in this description to apply it firmly to any one species.

The oldest description for our present Lpilobiella to which I

refer is that of Schrank, in his “ Fauna Boica,” which is nine

years later than Romer’s paper; and if this view be correct, the

name Hpilobiella should now be applied to Langiella, and for the

Lpilobiella of Schrank, the next oldest name of Fulvescens,

Haworth, would fall to be adopted.

The synonymy of the two species would then stand thus :—

Alucita Epitop1eELLaA—

Romer, Berlin. naturf. Schriften, xi. p. 162, pl. 3 (6), fig.

1—-5, 1794.

Synonymy of Laverna Langiella. 225

Tinea Langiella—

Hiibner, Samml. Europ. Schmett. fig. 187.

Elachista Langiella—

Schlager, Tauschv.bericht, 1847, p. 221.

Treitschke, Schmett. v. Europa, ix. 2, p. 178.

Anybia Langiella—

Stainton, Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin. p. 245.

Laverna Langiella—

Frey, Tineen u. Pteroph. der Schweiz, p. 280.

Linn. Ent. xiv. p. 196.

Mompha Langiella—

Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v. Europa, v. p. 208, fig. 965.

Heyden, Correspondenz Blatt, i. p. 22.

Elachista niverpunctella—

Stainton, Cat. Brit. Tin. p. 25.

Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v. Europa, v. fig. 966.

Mompha Fulicella—

Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v. Europa, v. p. 209.

Laverna Fulicella—

Frey, Linn. Ent. xiv. p. 197.

And—

Recurvaria FutvEsceNns—

Haworth, Lep. Brit. p. 554, 1829.

Anacampsis Fulvescens— !

Stephens, Ilust. Haust. iv. p. 215.

Tinea E'pilobiella— ;

Schrank, Fauna Boica, ii. 2, p. 126, N. 1853.

Bouché, Garten Insecten, p. 118; Naturgeschichte, p. 126.

Cicophora Epilobiella—

Treitschke, Schmett. v. Europa, x. 3, p..208.

Fischer von Réslerstamm, p. 206, pl. 73, pl. 74, fig. 1.

Laverna Epilobiella—

Stainton, Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin. p. 238.

Frey, Tineen u. Pteroph. der Schweiz, p. 281.

Linn. Ent. xiv. p. 191.

Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v. Europa, v. p. 210.

Cleodora nebulella—

Stephens, Illust. Haust. iv. p. 221.

Curtis, Brit. Entomology, folio 671.

VOL. 1. THIRD SERIES, PART I11.—AuGuST, 1862. Q

226 Mr. Thomas Desvignes’ Descriptions of

XIV. Descriptions of two New Species of Ephialtes.

By Tuomas Desvicnes, Esq.

[Read 4th Nov. 1861.]

Ephialtes facialis, n. sp.

Facie, articulo 1° antennarum subtus, coxis anterioribus, pleuris,

maculd magna triquetra, et lineis duabus ante alas, flavis;

femoribus, tibiis, et coxis posticis fulvis, tarsis fuscis ; seg~

mentis abdominis elongatis, planis, penultimo quadrato.

Long. 5—5}j linearum (mas).

Head—face and mouth yellow. Antenne two-thirds the length

of body; first joint beneath yellow, the following pitchy but

gradually lighter towards the apex, which is nearly ferruginous.

Thorax gibbo-cylindrical ; two streaks before the wings, another

below, a large triangular spot on the pleuree adjoining the breast

and two round ones before the first pair of coxe, yellow. Wings

sub-ample, their base straw-coloured ; stigma and costa darker,

areolet sessile or sub-petiolated. Legs fulvous; the anterior coxee

and trochanters yellow; hinder ones fulvous, with a paler, undefined

streak beneath; trochanters above and tarsi fuscous. Abdomen

cylindrical ; from the Ist to 5th segment elongate, the 6th quadrate,

the margin of the second segment most elevated.

Specimens taken by F. Walker, Esq.

E. albicinctus, n. sp.

Facie, articulo 1° antennarum subtus, coxis anterioribus,

trochanteribus totis, et tibiis posticis introrsum albis, ex-

trorsum tarsisque fuscis; pedibus anterioribus stramineo-

fulvis, posticis fulvo-rufis; basi tibiarum posticarum et arti-

culi primi tarsorum posticorum albis ; segmentis 1 et 2elongatis,

reliquis sub-quadratis ; segmento 1° sessili, canaliculato, aut

duabus lineis elevatis.

Long. 33 linearum (mas).

Head—face, facial orbits and mouth pale, with a very slight

reddish tinge. Antenne sub-setaceous, alittle longer than half the

body ; Ist joint beneath white or pale, the remainder testaceous,

above darker. Thorax cylindrical, with a yellowish line before the

wings. Wings pale at the base; stigma rather large, darker ;

costa towards the apex darker; areolet rhomboidal, sessile. Legs—

the anterior ones pale straw-colour, their coxee and all the

trochanters paler or whitish; the hinder coxee and femora fulvous ;

Two New Species of Ephialtes. 227

tibiz and tarsi fuscous; more than the basal half of the former

within pale, with their apex fuscous, outwardly forming a ring

at the base; the base of the first joint of the hinder tarsi white,

that of the second and third indistinctly so. Abdomen sessile, sub-

linear ; Ist segment with two ridges forming a channel between

them; 3rd and remainder covered with a short hoary pubescence ;

lst—3rd elongate, the rest sub-quadrate.

Taken by F. Walker, Esq.

XV. Note on the Strongylorhinus ochraceus of Schonherr,

and Descriptions of two nearly allied Species of

Curculionidae, from Australia. By G. R. WarTEr-

HOUSE, Esq., F.Z.8., &c.

[Read 4th Nov. 1861.]

Tue following notes and descriptions refer to three species of

Curculionide, from Australia, which were exhibited at the Society’s

meeting. One of these insects is supposed to be the Strongylo-

rhinus ochraceus of Schénherr; the other two are regarded as

members of a new genus, about to be characterized under the

name Atelicus.

Strongylorhinus ochraceus, 1 believe, has never been described,

but the insect exhibited is from the same locality (Tasmania) as

that given by Schénherr for his St. ochraceus: it agrees not only

with the generie characters laid down in the ‘‘ Mantissa Secunda”

at p. 65, but likewise in the general colouring (as may be inferred

from the specific name) and in the following points, noticed in the

generic description, but which, in part, must be regarded as

specific, viz.—‘‘ corpus oblongum, sub-cylindricum, convexum, sculp-

turaium, squamosum, alatum ; medic magnitudinis * * *. Elytra

basi thoracis parte postica parum latiora illoque plus triplo longiora,

lmearia, bast singulatim valde producta, singulo elevato-bilobata,

humeris obtuse angulatis ; luteribus rectis, apicem versus attenuato-

rotundata.” It is extremely probable, then, that this is the

St. ochraceus of Schonherr. ‘The insect is 6 lines in length, not

including the rostrum ; covered throughout with reddish-ochreous

228 Mr. G. R. WWavenhomects Note on

scales, the scales assuming a darker, and somewhat brownish hue,

in some parts than others: the brighter coloured scales form three

longitudinal bands on the thorax, and a transverse band rather

below the middle of the elytra, which is considerably dilated and

bent forwards at a short distance from the suture. These bands

are by no means well defined; and other parts are somewhat

variegated by a mixture of lighter and darker scales. The

rostrum is about equal to the head in length, is finely punctured,

and destitute of scales in front. The head presents a shallow

depression between the eyes, and has some scattered punctures.

The thorax shows a short carina behind, is pretty strongly but

not very thickly punctured on the parts clothed with the darker

coloured scales, but less distinctly punctured on other parts. The

elytra are punctate-striate, the punctures strong and for the most

part closely approximated on the basal half of the elytron, but

smaller and more or less remote on the hinder half.

The two insects next to be noticed,. are without doubt very

closely allied to the species just described, differing chiefly in

having the rostrum curved instead of being straight, in the

antennze having the seventh joint of the funiculus confounded

with the club joints, and in the second joint being short; and,

lastly, in the total absence of claw-joint to the tarsi. Here the

large, dilated, third joint of each tarsus is entire, showing neither

the apical notch, nor the groove on the upper surface, which is

seen in the corresponding joint when a claw-joint is present; but

it must be remarked that in Strongylorhinus the claw-joint is

already extremely small.

Fam. ERIRHINIDE.

Genus ATELICcUs.

Antenne breves, subtenues, thoracis apicem vix superantes, in

medio rostri insertee; scapo brevi, oculos non attingente ;

funiculo 6-articulato, articulo primo longiusculo, obconico,

reliquis brevibus; clava elongata, acuminata.

Caput paullo exsertum, conicum: oculi laterales, rotundati,

parum convexi.

Rostrum capite paullo longius, teres, arcuatum.

Thorax antice truncatus, pestice bisinuatus, lateribus basi sub-

rectis, intra apicem constrictus, infra pone gulam leviter

emarginatus.

Scutellum minutum.

Strongylorhinus and Atelicus. 229

Elytra elongata, basi singulatim rotundata, apice conjunctim

rotundata, anum obtegentia.

Pedes validiusculi; femoribus parum clavatis; tibiis brevibus,

intus sinuatis; tarsis triarticulatis, latis, subtus spongiosis:

articulo tertio fere rotundato.

Corpus oblongum, sub-cylindricum, alatum.

Sp. 1. Atelicus inequalis.

Al, oblongus, nigro-piceus, dense ochraceo-squamosus, fuscoque

variegatus ; fronte foveolato; thorace lateribus parum ro-

tundato, antice constricto, punctato: elytris oblongis, striato-

punctatis, interstitiis alternis imeaequaliter elevatis, postice

quadri-tuberculatis, antice scutellum versus elevato-pro-

ductis. .

Long. corp. absq. rostr. 5% lin.

Hab. Tasmania.

Rather smaller, and proportionately rather shorter, than Séron-

gylorhinus ochraceus. Head, with its nearly round and depressed

eyes, rather remote from the thorax; convex above, witha shortish,

deep groove between the eyes, and some scattered punctures, and

clothed (like the base of the rostrum) with brownish ochraceous

scales: rostrum rather stout, nearly cylindrical, distinctly curved,

and about one-third longer than the head ; the anterior denuded

part pretty thickly and distinctly punctured. Antenne piceous:

the seventh joint of the funiculus gradually enlarged to the apex

and continuing the outline as it were of the club, so as to appear

part of it ; the elongated club thus appears to consist of five nearly

equally distinct joints. Thorax rather broader than long, the

sides slightly rounded, but strongly constricted at the anterior

third, the surface uneven, there being a slight callosity above

towards the sides (immediately behind the constricted portion),

and two indistinct transverse risings between the sublateral cal-

losities and the mesial line. The scales covering the thorax are

chiefly brown on the upper surface (if we except a slender pale

mark along the centre), and chiefly palish ochraceous on the sides

and under parts; the surface is pretty thickly and distinctly punc-

tured. ‘The elytra are about one-fourth broader than the thorax,

and twice and a half the length; their sides are nearly parallel ;

the apex rounded; in the usual places of the striz are rows of

smallish ocellated punctures; the scales elsewhere are round, but

in each puncture is a single oblong whitish scale: the alternate

interstices are irregularly raised ; the third interstice is not elevated

at the base of the elytra, but at a short distance from the base it

230 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Descriptions of

is most raised; thence to the apical third it is moderately elevated,

but beyond that point it is depressed; the fifth interstice is de-

pressed on the basal third of the elytra, then raised in the middle,

and towards the apex of the elytron it is produced into a much-

elevated oblong tubercle, as is also the first interstice nearly at —

the same point, so that the elytra present four sub-apical tubercles,

of which the outermost pair are rather the larger, and the inner-

most pair a little more remote from the apex; at the base, the

inner half of each elytron is produced anteriorly into a lobe, which

is much incrassated, particularly on the outer side, where it forms

a conspicuous tubercle; the humeral angle is also incrassated and

raised, but to a smaller degree. With regard to the colouring,

the scales which cover the legs and under parts of the body are

of a tolerably uniform pale brownish-ochre colour. the upper

parts of the body are variegated with similarly coloured scales

and others of a dark brown; on the elytra the paler scales pre-

dominate on the disc, but in the region of the shoulders, the sides

of the elytra, and the sub-apical portion, the darker colour

prevails: all the tubercles are dark.

Sp. 2. Atelicus ferrugineus.

At. lexte ferrugineus, sub-opacus; rostro, thorace lateribus,

lineolaque dorsali, humeris, elytrisque singulo apicali, flavo-

squamosis ; capite, rostro, thoraceque disperse punctatis ;

elytris striato-punctatis, interstiis angustis, planis.

Long. corp. 2% lin.

Hab. Adelaide.

In size and form this insect nearly resembles the small Euro-

pean Zixus, known as the ZL. rufitarsis of Schonherr: in colour it

is of a somewhat deeper red than the Apion frumentarium.

Although only certain parts of the body appear to be clothed with

scales (these being of a yellow colour), I find, upon placing the

insect under a microscope, that the apparently denuded parts are

covered with scales of the same rounded form as the yellow ones,

but agreeing perfectly in colour with the parts they cover.

Antenne ferruginous, with scattered pale scales on the scape.

Rostrum rather longer than the head, cylindrical and moderately

curved; the antennal groove, lateral and commencing near the

middle of the rostrum, runs obliquely backwards and downwards

to the lower angle of the eye; when retracted the scape of the

antennze lies completely in the groove ; the surface of the rostrum

presents distinct scattered punctures, and, excepting at the apex,

is clothed with yellow scales. Head punctured, and clothed with

' Two Species of Atelicus. 231

scales like those on the head, and with an indistinct fovea between

the eyes; eyes rather remote from the fore part of the thorax,

smallish, round and sub-depressed. Thorax with the length and

breadth nearly equal, the sides nearly parallel posteriorly, but

rounded near the fore part, which is moderately constricted ; the

whole under surface, the sides, and a slender sub-interrupted

dorsal line, clothed with yellow scales; the upper surface with

somewhat coarse, scattered punctures. Elytra nearly three times

the length of the thorax, and about one-third broader; nearly

cylindrical, with oblique and very slightly prominent humeral

angles; the apex rounded, striato-punctate ; the punctures round

and tolerably large; the intervening spaces flat: a small yellow

spot is seen on the humeral angle, and at the apex of each elytron

is a ring (not quite a true circle) formed of scales of the same

colour. The under side of the insect is for the most part clothed

with yellow scales, but the sides of the chest and abdomen are of

the same red colour as other parts. The legs are well clothed

with scales, of a somewhat paler.yellow than those on other parts ;

the under surface of the broad tarsi is clothed with a velvet-like

substance ; the femora are moderately incrassated near the apex ;

the tibize stout, and very short; the anterior tibia is sub-den-

ticulate, and ciliated on the inner side, and furnished with a

hooklet at the apex.

I have seen but one specimen of this insect, which was sent me

by my brother from Adelaide.

232 Mr. R. M‘Lachlan’s Descriptions of the

XVI. Descriptions of the British Species of the Genus

Stenophylax. By R. M‘Lacutay, Esq., F.L.S.

[Read 4th Nov. 1861.]

Tue genus Stenophylax of Kolenati consists of insects which,

though of considerable size, have from their great similarity in

general appearance, been much confused in collections and books.

The separation of the species is, however, not very difficult if a

careful examination is made of the anal appendages of the males

and the characters there presented, coupled with the variations in

the form and markings of the wings; and it may be worth

remarking, that in the Phryganide, where these appendages show

any marked differences, there are always other characters by

which the species may be separated, although these at first sight

may be little apparent. This applies particularly to the appen-

dages properly so called, and not so much to the generative organs

and sheaths, which are liable to slight variations and are apt to

change their form in drying. In this genus two pairs of these

appendages are found, the superior and inferior; these are placed

on the extremity of the last abdominal segment, but are not

attached to its margins ; both pairs are seldom well developed in

the same species. Between the superior appendages is an upper

pair of sheaths or intermediate appendages; these are usually fine,

pointed and divergent. On the underside of the last segment and

between the inferior appendages are placed the sheaths proper,

which are usually parallel or convergent and between which lies

the male organ. In addition well marked characters are some-

times found in the form of the upper margin of the last segment.

The females are far less easy to separate, especially old specimens

with no history attached to them; they are usually larger than

the males. The larvee, according to Pictet, frequent running

waters and construct a straight tubular case of small stones neatly

agglutinated together, which is fixed to a large stone or other

substance at the smaller end. The perfect insects are of nocturnal

habits, coming to light and to sugar placed on trees to attract

moths, but may be beaten in the daytime from trees in which

they take refuge.

About the earliest reliable descriptions of species in this genus

are to be found in a paper by Curtis in the Philosophical Trans-

actions for 1834, intituled ‘‘ On some Nondescript Species of

May Flies of Anglers.” He there describes four species which

British Species of the Genus Stenophylax. 233

form part of section C of the genus Limnephilus. 1 now dis-

tinguish nine well-marked British species. :

Owing to the species being so much alike in general appearance

the synonymy has become very perplexing. ‘That given here is,

as far as English authors are concerned, based upon a careful

examination of Curtis’s and Stephens’s types. Jn the other

synonyms I have availed myself of the information contained in

Dr. Hagen’s revision of Pictet’s species in the ‘ Stettiner Ento-

mologische Zeitung,” and of additional information obtained from

him during his recent visit.

Stenophylax, Kolenati, Gen. et Sp. Trichop. pl. 1, p. 62, 9,

Hagen; Phryganea, Auctorum; Halesus, Stephens; Limne-

philus, Curtis, Rambur ; Anabolia, Brauer.

A, Anterior wings much dilated towards the apex,. hind margin

parabolic or circular.

S. Vibex, Curt. (PI. 1X. fig. 1.)

Limnephilus Vibex, Curtis, Phil. Trans. 1834, 125, 30 (nec

Step. Brauer.)

Antennz pale reddish ochreous; head and thorax reddish-

ochreous, the latter slightly darker on the sides; abdomen

entirely ochreous ; legs pale ochreous, tarsi darker ; anterior wings

very pale reddish grey, with numerous small pale yellow spots,

which are often confluent, anterior margin as far as the ramus

discoidalis and inner margin (area suturalis) pale yellow, unspotted ;

a pale spot enclosing the thyridium is scarcely connected with a

semilunar spot at the base of the apical cells, these spots vary in

size and intensity ; posterior wings semi-hyaline, the apex yel-

lowish. 1

Upper margin of last abdominal segment straight, very slightly

notched in the middle; appendices superiores somewhat spoon-

shaped, concave internally, the apex and anterior margin rounded

and slightly curved, the posterior margin with an indistinct tooth,

the margins fringed with rather long distant hairs; appendices

inferiores broad at the base, with a slightly projecting point

anteriorly, the margins clothed with long hairs; lower sheaths

curved inwards at the tips and slightly approximating.

Long. corp. 8 lin. ; exp. alar. 20 lin.

Appears to be not very common but widely distributed. I

have taken it near London, and specimens are in the following

collections, Curtis, locality ?: Dale, from Thorne Moor, York-

234 Mr. R. M‘Lachlan’s Descriptions of the

shire: Newman, from Leominster ?: Parfitt, from Exeter. I

have also specimens from Sonora, and have seen others from

the Isle of Wight.

Curtis’s types of S. Vibex consist of four specimens, viz., one

male answering to the above description and two females, which

probably also belong here, and one male of S. striatus. The

description in the “ Philosophical Transactions” is very short, and

will apply equally well to several species. This species is not in

Stephens’s collection; his Vibex and hieroglyphicus are one

species, which is not contained in Curtis’s collection.

S. hieroglyphicus, Stephens. (PI. IX. fig. 2.)

Halesus hieroglyphicus, St. Ill. Mand. 6, p. 210, 5; H. Vibes,

St. Il. 209, 3; Anabolia hieroglyphica, Brauer, N. A. 48, 5,

figs. 58, 59; Stenophylax striatus, Kol. Gen. et Sp. Trichop.

pl. 1, p. 64, 4; Limnephila striata, Ramb. Névrop. p. 479,

1; Stenophylax Vibex, Hagen, Ent. Ann, 1859, p. 92, 31.

Similar in size and form to the preceding. Antenne reddish-

ochreous; head and thorax reddish-ochreous, the latter darker

on the sides; abdomen fuscous above, reddish-ochreous beneath ;

legs reddish-ochreous ; anterior wings pale reddish-grey, thickly

sprinkled with small pale yellow spots; the anterior (area costalis)

and posterior margins are pale yellow, a large pale yellow spot

enclosing the thyridium is connected with a more or less distinct

semilunar blotch at the base of the apical cells; veins, especially

those of the cubitus, dark ; posterior wings sub-hyaline, slightly

yellowish at the apex.

Upper margin of last abdominal segment cut off nearly straight,

with a slight depression in the centre; appendices superiores con-

cave internally, triangular at the base, deeply notched on the

anterior margin, with the apex curved inwards and very acute, the

margin darker coloured; appendices inferiores broad, oblique,

cut off anteriorly with a tuft of long hair on the margin; lower

sheaths with the tips approximating.

Long. corp. 7—8 lin.; exp. alar. 17—21 lin.

In this country the commonest species of the genus, and very

widely distributed, appears in May, and continues out for some

months. .

This may be distinguished at first sight from the preceding

species by the pale costal margin being narrower, and the form of

the superior appendages is very different from any other. As said

before, no original specimens of this species exist in Mr. Curtis’s

collection, so that this cannot be his Z. Vitex. The appendages

British Species of the Genus Stenophylax. 235

of hieroglyphicus and Vibex in Stephens’s collection differ in no

respect, and the insects otherwise are identical in appearance.

S. striatus, Pict. (Pl. IX. fig. 3.)

Phryganea striata, Pict. Recherch. p. 132, 1, pl. 6, fig. 1;

Limnephilus Vibex, Curt. Coll. (partim) ; Stenophylax striatus,

Hagen, Ent. Ann. 1859, p. 92, 32.

In form similar to the two preceding species, in size somewhat

smaller. Antennze and head pale ochreous ; thorax darker at the

sides; abdomen dull ochreous ; the whole of the underside pale

ochreous ; legs pale ochreous, with black spines; anterior wings

very pale greyish yellow, thickly sprinkled with pale yellow spots,

which are usually confluent and sometimes cause the darker

ground to show only as irrorations, anterior and posterior margins

narrowly pale yellow without spots, veins darker; posterior wings

sub-hyaline, slightly yellowish towards the apex.

Upper margin of last abdominal segment overlapping and nearly

concealing the superior appendages, rounded and produced in the

middle into a long tongue-shaped prolongation, which hangs down

and is bent under the last segment, and is thickly set with short

black setze: appendices superiores hidden under the projecting

terminal segment, spoon-shaped, rounded and fringed with long

hairs on the margin; appendices inferiores broad, very obtusely

rounded off and fringed with long hairs; upper sheaths approxi-

mating at the tips (in most other species they are divergent) ;

lower pair almost parallel; penis considerably exserted (this

occurs in all the specimens that I have seen, otherwise I should

have been disposed to consider it more as a condition of an indi-

vidual, than as characteristic of the species).

Long. corp. 5—7 lin.; exp. alar. 14—18 lin.

I have seen very few specimens, and the only locality that I

know for certain to produce it is Leominster, where it has been

taken by Mr. Newman, in September. This was one of the

species bred by M. Pictet.

In the Entomologist’s Annual (1859, p. 92, 32) and Entomo-

logische Zeitung (1859, p. 133, 2), Dr. Hagen considers it pro-

bable that an insect, which in Curtis’s collection bears the MS.

name of tenebrosus, may belong here; to me it appears to pertain

to the next species. As mentioned before, there is a specimen of

striatus in his collection under L. Vibex.

Pictet gives a long list of references to the authors who are

supposed to have described this species, extending back to the

time of Aldrovand, or upwards of two hundred years since. To

236 Mr. R. M‘Lachlan’s Descriptions of the

determine with certainty the particular species intended by almost,

if not quite, all of these authors, must be an impossibility. In

those that I have had an opportunity of consulting, it is difficult

to fix even the generic position of the insect described. Of the

two figures referred to, that of Reaumur (Mémoires des Insectes,

vol. 3, tab. 13, fig. 8,9, 11) would seem to be a Limnephilus of

the sub-genus Grammotaulius, and that of Schaffer (Icones In-

sectorum circa Ratisbonam, tab. 168, fig. 2, 3) may be a Desmo-

taulius or Anabolia. Kolenati copies these references almost

verbatim in describing his striatus, which, from an examination of

the types, proves to be distinct from Pictet’s.

S. lateralis, Steph. (PI. IX. fig. 4.)

Halesus lateralis, Stephens, Ill. p. 210, 6; Halesus latipennis,

Stephens, Ill. p. 209, 4; Limnephilus tenebrosus, Curt. Coll.

The anterior wings are broader and more rounded at the apex

than in the last three species.

Antenne and head reddish-ochreous ; thorax grey, black at the

sides; abdomen greyish-ochreous; legs greyish-ochreous, with

black spurs and spines ; anterior wings dark reddish-grey, the pale

spots smaller and less numerous than in the three last species ;

margins scarcely paler, with spots and clouds of the ground colour ;

a spot at the thyridium, and one or two spots (not always present)

at the base of some of the apical cells, conspicuously paler in con-

sequence of the dark ground colour; occasionally the ground

colour is broken up into numerous small spots, in which case the

wings assume an irrorated appearance; posterior wings sub-

hyaline, rather smoky, the apex yellowish.

Upper margin of last abdominal segment produced into a

tongue-shaped process (similar to the last species), which is bent

under and thickly set with short black setze ; appendices superiores

small, rounded, the tips only visible; appendices inferiores broad

at the base, with a prolongation upwards, obtusely pointed ; lower

sheaths curved inwards, parallel at the tips.

Long. corp. 6—8 lin. ; exp. alar. 17-—18 lin.

Not very common in the neighbourhood of London, appears in

June and continues for some months; also in Devonshire, Hertford,

New Forest, &c.

The form of the upper margin of the last abdominal segment is

very similar to the last species, but this species may be readily

separated by its larger size, the rounded apex of the wings and by

the form of the inferior appendages. In Stephens’s collection the

types of his lateralis and latipennis were labelled by Dr. Hagen

British Species of the Genus Stenophylax. 237

“¢ nilosus, Pict.,” and in the ‘** Entomologist’s Annual” for 1859, p.

93, pilosa, Pict., is given as a synonym for this species, but the fact

of a Stephensian name taking precedence of one of Pictet’s

would indicate that there was some doubt about it, and this is

further confirmed in the “Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung” for

1859, p. 132, where Dr. Hagen states, that he has seen the true

pilosa only from Switzerland and Austria, and expresses his un-

certainty as to Stephens’s species. The figures of the anal

appendages of pilosa in Brauer’s ‘‘ Neuroptera Austriaca” (fig.

60, 61) do not at all correspond with the appendages of lateralis.

Pilosa is apparently a more hairy insect, so much so that Dr.

Hagen says of it ‘ mitunter fast wollig.”

S. cingulatus, Stephens. (PI. IX. fig. 5.)

Halesus cmgulatus, Step. Ill. p. 209—2 (nec Brauer).

Antennee, head and thorax reddish-ochreous, the latter darker at

the sides ; abdomen blackish, the divisions of the segments ochre-

ous; legs ochreous; anterior wings pale ochreous, immaculate,

the veins concolorous, extreme edge of the costa slightly brown-

ish; posterior wings sub-hyaline, apex pale yellowish. Upper

margin of last abdominal segment slightly produced, rounded ;

appendices superiores rather long, furcate, the outer point the

longest; appendices inferiores long, thin and cylindrical, pointed

upwards, rather obtuse; penis much exserted, the lower sheaths

not visible.

Long. corp. 83 lin.; exp. alar. 18 lin.

“ Devonshire in July,” Stephens.”

Unique in Stephens’s collection: a second unset female specimen

may also belong here. Readily distinguished from all other

British species by the prominent furcate superior appendices and

obtusely pointed inferior appendices. In the ‘“ Entomologist’s

Annual” for 1859, p. 93, 34, Dr. Hagen indicates this as

probably synonymous with P. ¢testacea, Pictet, but he since

informs me that the latter species is different. Limnephilus cin-

gulatus, of Brauer, N. A.p. 51, 15, fig. 70, 71, is L. (Desmotaulus)

fumigatus, Germar, Kolen.

S. latipennis, Curtis. (Vl. IX. fig. 6.)

Limnephilus latipennis, Curtis, Phil. Mag. 1834, p. 125, 31 ;

- Phryganea pantherina, Pict. Recherch. p. 137, 6, pl. 6, fig. 1;

Stenophylax pantherinus, Kol. Gen. et Sp. Trichop. p. 67, 8.

Antenne unannulated, light brown, basal joint dark brown ;

head and thorax brown; abdomen brownish-ochreous; legs

ochreous, with blackish spines ; the whole of the underside of the

238 Mr. R. M‘Lachlan’s Descriptions of the

body ochreous; anterior wings pale yellow, the veins rather

broadly but indistinetly margined with very pale yellowish-grey, a

faint appearance of a series of elongated spots in the apical cells ;

posterior wings sub-hyaline, tinged with yellow, especially towards

the tips.

Upper margin of last aiyeioenineal segment cut off straight ;

appendices superiores rather square, deeply notched on the apical

margin, forming two points which project beyond the margin of

the last segment ; appendices inferiores ochreous, long, straight

and pinanical thickened at the tips, which are Spins: shining

black; upper pair of sheaths broad, triangular and curved out-

wards; between the inferior appendages a tuft of long hair con-

ceals the lower sheaths.

Long. corp. 8 lin.; exp. alar. 19 lin.

Of this species I only know of the two type-specimens in Mr- _

Curtis’s collection.

In general appearance not very unlike the last species, but the

appendages are very different. A great confusion has arisen as to

this and the next species; the inferior appendages are very

similar, being clubbed at the tip in both species, but this has the

apex of the anterior wings parabolic, whereas in the next they are

almost circular. Curtis’s types are very pale coloured, and in

this respect scarcely agree with Pictet’s and Kolenati’s descrip-

tions, but, according to Dr. Hagen, the form of the appendages is

identical. In the British Museum, Stephens’s series of stedlatus

was ticketed by Dr. Hagen as “ pantherinus, Kol.,” but as these

insects are identical with stedlatus, Curtis, and as at that time he

had not seen Pictet’s types, some error may have occurred.

r S. stellatus, Curtis. (Pl. IX. fig. 7.)

Limnephilus stellatus, Curt. Phil. Mag. 1834, p. 125—32;

Halesus stellatus, Steph. Il]. Mand. vol. 6, p. 210, 7.

Antenne, head, thorax and abdomen above dark fuscous,

almost black, beneath dark brownish red; legs reddish, with black

spines; anterior wings more rounded at the apex than in the last

species, dark brownish grey, very pilose, with elongate pale spots in

several of the cells, and a bilobed spot about the thyridium; two

spots beyond the anastomosis, and a series of streaks in the

apical cells, also paler: of these markings, the bilobed spot and

the two spots beyond are conspicuous, the others usually in-

distinct and sometimes wanting; posterior wings sub-hyaline,

slightly smoky, especially towards the apex.

Upper margin of last segment cut off straight ; appendices

superiores small, concealed; appendices cnrenianes straight, thin

British Species of the Genus Stenophylax. 239

and almost eylindrical, the extreme apex thickened, black and

shining ; upper pair of sheaths triangular, long, widely divergent.

leone, corp. 5—6 lin.; exp. alar. 14—16 lin.

Apparently not very common; appears in summer and has been

found near London, in the Isle of Wight, Devonshire, Lake

district, &c.

In the “ Entomologist’s Annual” for 1859, p. 94, 36, this

species is said to be synonymous with areatus, Kolenati, Brauer,*

the inferior appendages of which are produced into a sharp point,

but in Curtis’s types these appendages are decidedly thickened at

the apex, similar to the last species, but it may be readily

separated therefrom by its darker colour, and more rounded

ERS Stephens’s series of stellatws (which age well with

Curtis’s types) was labelled “ pantherinus, Kolen.,” by Dr. eo

S. radiatus, Rambur. (Pl. IX. fig. 8.)

Limnephila radiata, Rambur, Hist. Nat. Névrop. p. 479, 12.

Antenne, head and thorax brown, the latter darker on the

sides, collar with a tuft of brown hairs ; abdomen above fuscous,

beneath brownish, annulated with dark red; legs pale brown, with

black spines ; anterior wings pale mouse-grey, with a faint reddish

tinge, and conspicuously pale greyish-yellow markings—viz.

long streaks in the cells before the anastomosis, a bilobed spot, a

spot at the base of the third and fifth apical cells, and a long

streak in each of the apical cells, forming a curved series (in the

female these markings are not so conspicuous) ; veins ochreous ;

posterior wings sub-hyaline, tinged with ochreous romana: the

apex.

Upper margin of last abdominal segment cut off straight ;

appendices superiores concealed in the last segment, oalys the

points visible from above, oblong, with a projection on the inner

margin, covered with black setze ; appendices inferiores long, com-

pressed, turned inwards and rather curved at the tips, which are

black, but not visibly thickened; upper pair of sheaths short,

broad and triangular, black; lower pair concealed in the tuft of

hair between the appendices inferiores,

Long. corp. 5—7 lin.; exp. alar. 14—18 lin.

I captured six specimens on the banks of the Daw at Dawlish,

Devonshire, in the middle of September.

I have little doubt, from Rambur’s description of ZL. radiata,

that my insects are identical, though this and the two last species

* I have since seen European examples of the true areatus, and have no hesi-

tation in saying that it is undoubtedly distinct from the present species.

240 British Species of the Genus Stenophylax.

belong to a group of nearly related species, of which there are

many in Europe, and mostly undescribed. At any rate I have

thought it best’to refer the present insect to the above species,

rather than to run the risk of causing a probably superfluous

synonym by describing it as new.

B. Anterior wings scarcely dilated towards the apex; the hind

margin obliquely truncated.

S.? concentricus, Kol. (PI. IX. fig. 9.)

Goniotaulius concentricus, Kol. Gen. et Sp. Trichop. p. 55, 10;

Limnephilus Vibex, Brauer, N. A. p. 51, 13, fig. 66, 67 (nec

Curtis, Steph.)

Antenne brown, obscurely annulated with darker ; head, pro-

thorax and basal joint of antennz clothed with long, pale yellow

hairs ; abdomen greyish-black, the terminal segment paler; legs

pale ochreous, with black spines; anterior wings pale shining

greyish-yellow, the costal half entirely very pale yellow, and

numerous small pale yellow spots are sprinkled over the rest of

_the wing (sometimes the wings are entirely pale yellow, with

scarcely a trace of the darker ground colour, and at others the

wings towards the dorsal margin and apex are freckled with grey-

ish-fuscous); veins, especially those of the anastomosis, pale fus-

cous; posterior wings hyaline, tinged with yellowish at the apex.

Upper margin of last abdominal segment rounded and slightly

produced into a lip, which is rolled under and covered with short

black sete; appendices superiores large, obtusely spoon-shaped ;

appendices inferiores long, dilated towards the tips and somewhat

approximating ; lower sheaths widely divergent, curved suddenly

inwards at the tips; penis considerably exserted.

Long. corp. 6 lin. exp. alar. 15—16 lin.

Appears from August to the end of October. First discovered

in this country in the Norfolk Fens by Mr. Winter of Aldeby, and

seems to be rather common there. ‘Two specimens have been

taken by Mr. P. C. Wormald at Willesden, Middlesex, and I have

a specimen from Hartlepool. This species is widely spread over

the Continent of Europe, and is subject to considerable local

variation, Kolenati’s typical specimens from Russia being much

smaller and darker.

The scarcely dilated anterior wings and obliquely truncated hind

margins indicate the aflinity of this species with Limnephilus and

Anabolia; otherwise in general appearance it resembles Steno-

phylax, and, having been placed in this genus by Dr. Hagen

(Stett. Entomol. Zeit. 1859, p. 133), it is retained here.

G2)

XVII. Descriptions of the British Species of the Genus

Gyrophena, Group Staphylini, Family Aleocharide.

By G. R. Wateruousge, Esq., F.Z.8., &c.

[Read 2nd December, 1861.]

Havine taken considerable pains to ascertain the peculiarities of

the males of the species of Gyrophcena, I am anxious to say a

word or two, before I begin my descriptions, with the view of

making this matter more clear, and also of shortening the de-

scriptions. The peculiarities which I refer to present themselves

in the 6th and 7th segments of the abdomen; and, with regard to

the 7th segment, are often difficult to ascertain, as in the dead in-

sect that segment Is retracted beneath the 6th, unless care is taken

to fix it in its proper position by gum immediately after the insect

is killed. From this circumstance the structure of the 7th seg-

ment (which is usually very characteristic of the species) has in

several instances not been noticed, and in some cases not correctly

described. For instance, G. nana is said to have the segment in

question tridentate at the apex, whereas the normal condition in

the species of the genus is a quadridentate termination to the 7th

segment, and G. nana does not form one of the exceptions in this

respect. Among the species which have come under my notice,

the most perfectly developed condition of the structure alluded to

is seen in the male of G. gentilis. Here the 7th abdominal seg-

ment terminates in four elongated slender processes, of which the

inner pair are approximated, and rather shorter than the outer

pair: in other species we find the middle pair gradually becoming

smaller until they are quite obliterated, as in G. fasciata. One

species presents a remarkable modification in the 7th segment; it

is the G. levipennis, and is noticed in the description of that spe-

cies. With regard to the 6th abdominal segment of the male, the

normal condition appears to consist in its presenting a transverse

row of six, nearly equidistant, short, longitudinal ridges, as seen

in G. fasciata; in other species we find these little ridges de-

crease in number by the obliteration of the outer pairs, until

but two are left, as in G. levipennis; we find, however, a re-

markable exception in the G. affinis, where there is but one minute

rising in the form a single, and, of course, central tubercle. This

tubercle is perhaps formed by the union of the two central ridges

observed in the other species, since in G. pulchella it is repre-

VOL. I. THIRD SERIES, PART I1I,—AuGuST, 1862. R

242 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Descriptions of the

sented by an indistinct prominence, which appears as if formed by

the converging and meeting together of the central pair of ridges.

The 6th and 7th abdominal segments in the female are simple.

By Erichson the segments in question are described as the 5th and

6th, but I agree with Dr. Kraatz in describing them as 6th and

7th. Usually the 1st, or basal segment, is hidden beneath the

elytra; but in several specimens of Gyrophena now before me,

owing to the body being unnaturally stretched out, it is per-

fectly visible.

As regards the structure of the antennz, it may be remarked

that, as a rule, the intermediate joints (the 5th to 10th inclusive)

are transverse, dilated and of equal width, or very nearly so; the

exceptions are found in G. affinis and G. pulchella, in which the cor-

responding joints are as long as broad, or some of them longer

than broad; and in G. strictula, in which the antennee differ in

the succeeding joints becoming gradually stouter. The thorax

generally presents two parallel rows of punctures running from

the base to the apex, and near the centre: these are sometimes

placed in two longitudinal depressions ; the first puncture in each

row (or that nearest the base) is indistinct, the second is always

the largest, and one or two near the apex are usually distinct ;

the rest are more or less obsolete. In certain species (such as G.

manca and G. minima), where the thorax has scattered punctures

throughout, we still see the remains of the two dorsal rows repre-

sented by larger punctures, and especially the pair which cor-

respond with those of the 2nd pair of the dorsal series. In all

the species the thorax is margined at the sides and posteriorly—

a thin indented line following close to the margin in these parts.

In all the Gyrophene the head and thorax are alutaceous, except-

ing in G. nana, where the peculiar sculpturing I am about to notice

is invisible, and the surface is unusually glossy. The alutaceous

appearance is caused by a sculpturing consisting of excessively

minute scratches; the scratches are curved, and for the most part

inclose minute circular (or nearly circular) areas. It is seen most

distinctly in G. strictula; and is distinct under a compound mi-

croscope with a lens of an inch focus; with the same power it is

not visible in G. nana, though with a stronger lens it may be in-

distinctly traced. In other parts of the body the alutaceous ap-

pearance is also perceptible, and mixed with it, in the abdomen,

minute punctures are visible, but so indistinctly as to furnish little

or no assistance in the discrimination of the species.

British Species of the Genus Gyrophena. 243

1. G. pulchella, Heer, Faun. Col. Helv. i. 3101.

-— Kraatz, Stett. Ent. Zeit. xv. 185, 4; Natur-

gesch. der Ins. Deutsch]. p. 356, 3.

Testaceous ; head, outer apical angle of elytra and a ring on the

abdomen piceous; thorax with the disc piceo-rufous; antenne

long, the intermediate joints as long as broad; thorax with two

discoidal rows of punctures, those near the fore and hind parts

distinct, the intermediate punctures obsolete; elytra nearly smooth,

having but extremely fine scattered punctures.

Male with the terminal segments of the abdomen smooth and

glossy; the 6th segment with a slightly raised semicircular area :

the 7th segment strongly emarginate at the apex, the emarginated

part bounded by two processes which converge slightly at the

apex, are moderately stout, and by no means acute: within the

emargination are two very minute teeth, dividing the space into

three equal parts.

Female with the terminal segments distinctly punctured,

From all other British species of Gyrophena, excepting G.

affinis, the present insect is readily distinguished by its long

antennee, the intermediate joints (5th to 10th inclusive) being

fully as long as broad; the 5th, indeed, is distinctly longer than

broad: they are entirely testaceous. From G. affinis it is dis-

tinguished by the following points: the general colouring is paler

(i. e. pale testaceous, instead of brownish), the surface of the body

is less distinctly alutaceous, and consequently more glossy: both

thorax and elytra are relatively longer, aud the punctures on the

elytra are much finer. Head rather depressed, with distinct,

scattered punctures. Thorax rather broader than long ; somewhat

contracted behind; the sides but little rounded; the posterior

angles rounded; the anterior, obtusely angled; of the discoidal

punctures, usually four, on the posterior part of the thorax, are

distinct; two on the fore part are less distinct, and the remainder

are obsolete: elytra taken together rather broader than long (not

distinctly transverse as in G. affinis) the surface very finely and in-

distinctly punctured, sometimes with the pitchy-black at the apex

extending across in the form of a band; sometimes confined to

the outer angle, and occasionally obsolete. Abdomen with the

basal segments sparingly punctured, the 5th segment usually more

or less piceous, the terminal segments, in the female, pretty thickly

punctured; in the male smooth—here the 6th segment has a

mesial semicircular glossy area, the hinder part with the convex

outline, near the apex of the segment, and slightly raised ; the fore

R 2

244 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Descriptions of the

part gradually descends to the same plane as the rest of the seg-

ment: the 7th segment has the lateral processes, which bound the

emargination, rather shorter and stouter than usual.

I have seen but four specimens of this species, three in Dr.

Power's collection; and one individual taken by Mr. Rye in

fungus at Coomb Wood. This latter specimen presents but one

minute tooth in the emarginated part of the 7th abdominal seg-

ment of the male, and the pitchy-black of the elytra and 5th ab-

dominal segment is scarcely traceable, so that the insect appears

almost entirely testaceous with the exception of the head; in

other respects it does not appear to differ from Dr. Power’s

specimens.

2. G. affinis, Mannerh. Brachelytr. 74, 3.

Erichs. Kaf. Mark Brand. 368, 3; Gen. et Spe.

Staph. p. 184, sp. 4.

Kraatz, Ins. Deutschl. p. 357, 4.

Pitchy testaceous ; head, thorax, posterior angles of elytra, and

ante-penultimate segments of abdomen pitchy ; legs and antennz

testaceous: thorax with two dorsal rows of punctures, and a few

scattered punctures both at the sides and on the disc: elytra with

distinct but widely separated punctures: antenne relatively long.

Male with a single small tubercle on the 6th abdominal seg-

ment: the 7th segment terminated by two elongated processes ;

these by no means widely separated, and somewhat incurved at

the apex.

This species is usually rather less than G. nana, and is readily

distinguished from other British species (excepting G. pulchella)

by its comparatively long antennze—here the joints from the 5th

to the last are relatively large; those nearest the base are rather

longer than broad, whilst the penultimate joints are nearly equal

in length and breadth. The head is pitchy black, and presents a

few scattered punctures, The thorax is rufo-piceous, less strongly

transverse than in G. nana, and with the sides less boldly rounded,

and the anterior angles slightly obtuse: the discoidal rows of

punctures usually contain five punctures in each row, the basal

pair more approximated than the second pair, which are the

largest, the 4th puncture in each row is usually distinct, the 3rd

(sometimes replaced by two punctures) does not appear to be re-

presented on the thorax of G. nana, and is here small; and the 5th,

or apical puncture, is not unfrequently wanting or very indistinct.

Besides these there are several punctures on the disc (between

the rows of punctures) which are wanting in G. nana. Both head

British Species of the Genus Gyrophena. 245

and thorax are alutaceous. The elytra (if we except a largish

patch of pitchy black at the outer apical angle) are paler than

other parts, and present distinct, and rather widely separated

punctures. The abdomen is for the most part pitchy, but paler

at the base and extreme apex, and also on the edges of the inter-

mediate segments.

I have taken this insect in fungus, in the London district, and

in Windsor Forest and the New Forest. It is by no means un-

common.

3. G. levipennis (Thomson in litt.), Kraatz, Naturg. der In-

secten Deutschlands—Staphylini, p. 358, sp. 7, 1857.

Testaceous ; head, outer posterior angles of elytra, and penulti-

mate segments of abdomen piceous; thorax rufo-piceous: head

with a few scattered punctures; the disc raised: antennae with

the intermediate joints but little dilated and but little broader than

long: thorax with two longitudinal discoidal depressions, and with

a row of punctures in each depression, of which one, near the

anterior margin, is moderately distinct, and one on the posterior

3rd is large and strong ; the rest obsolete: elytra smooth.

Male with two very minute tubercles at the apex of the 6th

abdominal segment ; the 7th segment larger than usual, gradually

contracted in width towards the apex, and with a smallish tri-

angular emargination at the apex.

The average size of this insect is rather less than in G. nana,

and a little larger than in G. fasciata. The head and thorax are

alutaceous, and the punctures are less distinct than in G. nana;

the intermediate joints of the antenne are less dilated, and less

transverse, and the elytra are almost perfectly smooth. The

thorax is boldly rounded behind, and but moderately rounded at

the sides; the anterior angles are obtuse. In the male, tubercles

corresponding with the outer pairs on the 6th abdominal segment

in G. fasciata are traceable, but they are very indistinct.

I possess specimens of this species from Mr. Heysham’s col-

lection, and Mr. Brewer has furnished me with others which form

part of a considerable series taken by him in fungi at Reigate.

Dr. Power has met with the insect, also in fungi, at Guernley,

Leicestershire, and at the Holt Forest, Hampshire; and Mr. Rye

has taken it at Coomb Wood.

4. G, gentilis, Erichs. Gen. et Sp. Staph. p. 183, 5.

———— Kraatz, Ins. Deutsch]. Staphyl. 355, 2.

Rufo-testaceous ; head and outer apical angle of elytra black ;

246 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Descriptions of the

thorax and fourth and fifth segments of the abdomen pitchy:

thorax with two rows of punctures, and two shallow longitudinal

depressions following the rows of punctures: elytra thickly and

finely rugulose-punctate.

Male with a row of four short ridges at the apex of the 6th

abdominal segment; the 7th segment terminated by four slender

processes, the inner pair sub-approximated, the outer pair longer,

and incurved at the apex.

Rather larger than G. nana, and proportionately rather broader :

head with the punctures more numerous, but not so strong: an-

tenne rather longer; the intermediate joints less strongly trans-

verse: thorax with the fore and aft diameter greater, the sides

scarcely rounded, being nearly parallel, excepting near the anterior

angle, where they are gradually bent inwards ; the anterior angles

somewhat obtuse, the posterior margin boldly rounded, distinctly

margined ; the sides less distinctly margined ; the surface rather

convex, and, like that of the head, alutaceous; the disc with two

shallow longitudinal impressions, in which the discoidal rows of

punctures are placed ; these are about six in number in each row,

and vary in size, but in each row there is one puncture always

larger than the others, and this is on the basal third of the thorax.

Elytra thickly and very finely punctured throughout, slightly

rugulose, and with a few scattered, indistinct, larger punctures:

abdomen smooth, or, at least, with excessively minute and indis-

tinct punctures,

The male characters correspond very closely with those of

G. nana, but the slender processes, projecting from the 7th seg-

ment, are more elongated, and the middle pair are more distinctly

separated.

The comparatively large size, broader form, and much more

thickly punctured elytra, serve to distinguish this species from the

G. fasciata.

I have met with this species at Weybridge, in fungi, in the

month of September ; and at Hawkhurst, in Kent, in the spring.

5. G. nana.

Staphylnus nanus, Paykul, Faun. Suec. iii. 408, 52.

Gyrophena nana, Mannerh. Brachelytr. 74, 2.

— Erichs. Kaf. Mark Brand. 367, 2; Gen.

et Sp. Staph. 184, 3.

= He Pe eens Le. os

p. 456, 4.

= a ae eraatz, ins) Deutsechly staphylesoneiGe

Black; elytra (excepting the region of the posterior outer

British Species of the Genus Gyrophena. 247

angle), basal half of abdomen, legs and antennz testaceous ;

thorax with the dorsal rows of punctures distinctly interrupted in

the middle; elytra thickly and rather finely punctured and

rugulose.

Male with a row of four short, longitudinal ridges on the 6th

abdominal segment; the 7th with two horseshoe-shaped emargi-

nations at the apex, each emargination bounded externally by a

longish, somewhat incurved tooth, and the two emarginations

separated by a bifid process.

Length 14 lin.

Among the larger species of Gyrophena, G. nana holds a

middle position as to size. The head presents some large, scat-

tered punctures. The antenne are rather short and stout; the

intermediate joints, 5th to 10th inclusive, are transverse ; the 5th

moderately so; the 10th nearly twice as broad as long. The

thorax is rather broader than the head, and nearly twice as broad

as long; the outline nearly semicircular, the sides and posterior

margin forming an almost continuous curve; the broadest part,

however, is rather behind the middle; the anterior part truncate ;

the anterior angles slightly acute; the upper surface evenly con-

vex, smooth and glossy: the discoidal rows of punctures inter-

rupted in the middle; usually each row is represented by three

punctures on the fore-half of the thorax, and the same number on

the hinder half; of these, the 2nd puncture from the base is con-

siderably larger than the others, which are not all of them always

present; the two hindermost punctures of the rows are more

approximated than the others, and near them are seen one or two

small punctures on either side. Besides these, there are usually

two approximated small punctures on the anterior 3rd of the

thorax, and nearly midway between the dorsal rows and the

lateral margin; and a large puncture is always visible a little

within the posterior angle. The lateral and posterior margins of

the thorax are margined, and narrowly edged with testaceous.

The elytra are about one-third broader than the thorax, and each

elytron is rather longer than broad; they are testaceous, but have

a largish, triangular, black patch at the posterior outer angle ;

thickly punctured and rugulose, the punctures becoming gradually

more closely packed, and the surface more rugulose towards the

hinder part of the elytron, and especially near the posterior outer

angle within, which is a slightly depressed area. ‘The posterior

segments of the abdomen are very finely punctured; usually the

apical half of the abdomen is dark (black or pitchy-black), but

with the extreme apex often pitchy, and sometimes testaceous.

248 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Descriptions of the

In fungi, at Weybridge, in the month of September—Reigate,

Dr. Power and Mr. Brewer.

6. G. fasciata.

Aleochara fasciata, Steph. Mlustr. v. 151, 134.

Staphylinus fasciatus, Marsh. Ent. Brit. p. 514, No. 44.

Gyrophena congrua, Erichs. Kaf. Mark Brand. 386, 4; Gen.

et Sp. Staphylin. p. 187, sp. 9.

—— Kraatz, Ins. Deutsch]. Staphyl. p. 358,

sp. 6.

Testaceous; head pitchy-black, with scattered punctures ;

thorax fuscous or fusco-testaceous, with two discoidal rows of

punctures ; elytra pale testaceous, with the outer margin (except-

ing near and at the shoulder) black; the black dilated near the

hinder angle, with minute punctures, widely separated on the

fore-half of the elytron, more numerous, and becoming somewhat

rugulose towards the apex, especially near the outer angle; the

5th segment, and part of the 4th and 6th segments, black ; the

surface with but few and extremely minute punctures.

Male with a transverse row of six minute, short ridges near the

apex of the 6th abdominal segment; the 7th segment gently

emarginate at the apex, and terminating in a long, acute tooth on

shee side, the two teeth widely separated.

This species is usually rather smaller than G. nana, and its

general colouring paler; the intermediate joints of the antennze

are rather less transverse ; the punctures on the elytra are finer,

and less numerous, and the hinder part of the elytron is less

rugulose. The abdomen usually has the hinder half of the 4th

segment (at least), the whole of the 5th, and the fore-part of the

6th segment, black; and the hinder-part of the 6th, and the whole

of the 7th segment, rufo-testaceous, like the base; whereas, in

G. nana, the whole terminal half of the abdomen is usually dark.

The male characters, moreover, are very different in the two insects.

Of the discoidal rows of punctures on the thorax, the second

puncture from the base in each row is the strongest, and one at

least towards the anterior margin is distinct; the rest are indis-

tinct; and following the rows of punctures are two very obscure

depressions. Besides these punctures are two or three punctures

on either side, one of which, near the posterior angle, is most

conspicuous.

My specimens were found, in fungi, at Weybridge, in Sep-

tember; and Dr. Power has taken the insect at Darenth, also in

fungi.

British Species of the Genus Gyrophena. 249

Sp.? 6* :

In Dr. Power's collection is a single g specimen of a Gyro-

phena, which is perhaps new and undescribed ; its chief characters

are :—oblong; testaceous ; head, posterior outer angles of elytra,

and 5th abdominal segment, pitchy: head glossy (scarcely aluta-

ceous), gently convex, and with largish scattered punctures, ex-

cepting along the mesial line: thorax moderately transverse, the

anterior angles obtuse, the posterior rounded, the sides gently

rounded, narrowly margined behind; the surface with fine, but

rather widely scattered, punctures throughout; the two discoidal

rows of punctures obsolete, being represented only by two in

each row, and these on the hinder part of the thorax: elytra,

taken together, considerably broader than long; and with the

whole surface very finely and very thickly punctured, and pretty

densely pubescent.

Male with four short ridges on the 6th abdominal segment, and

the 7th segment furnished with four longish, slender processes, all

terminating in the same transverse line; the middle pair sub-

approximated ; and immediately above these, on the upper surface

of the segment, are two small, almost tuberculiform processes—

these (unlike the other processes) do not project beyond the apex

of the segment.

In the male characters, it will be seen, this species approaches

very nearly to G. fasciata (= G. congrua, Er.) and G. gentilis, but

it differs from both in having the thorax furnished with minute

scattered punctures throughout, and in the punctures of the dorsal

rows being obsolete. In having the antenne entirely pale, and

the elytra thickly and finely punctured, it agrees with G. gentilis,

but it is of smaller size (being equal in bulk to G. fasciata) and

wants the transverse depression which is seen near the posterior

margin of the thorax of G. gentilis. In Dr. Power’s insect we

perceive the usual impressed line immediately within the posterior

margin of the thorax (placed, however, nearer to the margin itself

than in G. gentalis), and immediately within this line the thorax is

convex, whilst in G. gentzlzs there is a shallow depression border-

ing the impressed line. The abdomen is less broadly margined at

the sides, moreover, than in G. gentilis. It remains to be seen

whether these distinctions are specific.

7. G. lucidula, Erichs. Kaf. Mark Brand. 369, 5.

Gen. et Spe. Staph. 187, 10.

Kraatz, Ins. Deutsch]. Staphyl. p. 359, sp. 8.

— ——

Black, the legs and basal joints of the antenne testaceous, the

250 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Descriptions of the

terminal (dilated) joints of the antennze fuscous or pitchy; elytra

testaceous, more or less broadly margined with black at the sides

and base; head destitute of punctures, or very nearly so; thorax

strongly transverse, with two distinct punctures on the hinder

part of the disc, and pretty widely separated; the other punctures

of the dorsal series either wanting or indistinct; elytra smooth, or

very nearly so.

Male with the 6th abdominal segment destitute of evident

ridges; the 7th segment gently emarginated, and terminated on

either side by a tooth which is stoutish at the base, and has the

apical half slender; the length of this process is about equal to

half the diameter of the interspace.

G. lucidula is about half the size of G. nana, but agrees very

closely with that insect in general form and proportions; the inter-

mediate joints of the antenne, however, are less strongly dilated.

It is distinguished by its general black hue ; the head, thorax and

abdomen being entirely black, and the black on the elytra is more

extended than in G. nana and its immediate allies. Here the

dark colour is not only seen on the sides and apical angle of the

elytra, but likewise on the basal portion. It is more or less ex-

tended in different individuals, and in some the pale colour of the

inner part of the elytron is reduced to a small area. The antenne

are darker than in other species, being usually pitchy-black, with

the base only testaceous, and this pale colour is often confined to

the basal joint. The punctures of the dorsal series are reduced

in number and are small and indistinct, if we except the sub-basal

pair, which are as usual large and evident. The elytra and abdo-

men are nearly smooth—with a very strong lens only a few ex-

cessively minute punctures being visible.

I have taken this insect rather plentifully in vegetable debris in

the Hammersmith Marshes, near London. Dr. Power has also

met with it in similar situations at Lee and Eltham. I am not

aware that it is found in fungi.

8. G. minima, Erichs. Kaf. Mark Brand. 370, 7.

Genera et Sp. Staphyl. 192, 19.

Fairm. et Laboulb. 1, 458, 10.

Kraatz, Ins. Deutschl. Staphyl. 359, 9.

Rufo-testaceous; head, posterior angles of elytra and ante-

penultimate segments of abdomen pitchy; thorax rather strongly

transverse, with punctures irregularly scattered over the surface.

Male with four short ridges on the 6th abdominal segment ;

the 7th terminated by four slender elongated teeth, the outer pair

British Species of the Genus Gyrophena. 251

stronger and slightly incurved at apex; the inner pair shorter and

approximated.

The very small size of this insect (it being about two-thirds of .

a line in length) readily distinguishes it from other pale-coloured

species. The intermediate joints of the antennz are pretty strongly

transverse. Among the punctures of the thorax, those belonging

to the dorsal series can be indistinctly traced—a pair of these, on

the basal third, and a second pair towards the front of the thorax,

are usually more distinct than most of the other punctures. These:

latter are not numerous, and are somewhat widely separated for

the most part. The male characters correspond very nearly with

those of G. gentilis.

I found this species in Windsor Park in the month of June, and

Dr. Power has taken it, in fungus, in a wood near Markfield,

Leicestershire.

9. G. manca, Erichs. Gen. et Sp. Staph. 190, 15.

Kraatz, Ins. Deutschl. Staph. 361, 12.

Piceous; antenne, legs and tip of the abdomen testaceous;

thorax transverse, with numerous scattered punctures on the sur-

face, the discoidal rows indistinct ; elytra thickly and finely punc-

tured.

Male with the 7th abdominal segment terminated by two widely

separated spines.

This species slightly exceeds G. minima in size, and is distin-

guished not only by its pitchy colouring, and by the absence, in

the male, of any distinct ridges on the 6th abdominal segment, but

likewise by the relatively more ample thorax and elytra (in G.

minima these parts are unusually short); the eyes are proportion-

ately larger and more prominent; the thorax less distinctly mar-

gined, and the elytra more thickly and finely punctured. The

head is gently convex above and presents some scattered punc-

tures. The intermediate joints of the antennze are stout and

pretty strongly transverse. The posterior margin of the thorax is

moderately rounded; the sides more gently rounded ; the anterior

angles somewhat obtuse; the surface moderately convex and

punctured ; the punctures fine and scattered, and on the disc four

larger punctures are usually pretty distinct, these being arranged

so as to form a square.

Dr. Power took this insect plentifully under bark on an old

stump, among fungous matter, near Thorton Reservoir, near

Markfield, Leicestershire, in August, 1860, and it is from some

252 Descriptions of British Species of Genus Gyrophena.

of these specimens, kindly furnished me by him, that the above

description is drawn up.

10. G. strictula, Erichs. Gen. et Sp. Staph. 191, 17 (1840).

Kraatz, Ins. Deutsch]. Staph. 360, 10 (1858).

G. levigata, Heer, Faun. Col. Helv. i. 310, 2 (1839)?

Fairm. et Lab. Faun. Ent. Fr. i. 459, 12 (1854).

Piceous; legs and antenne testaceous ; head, thorax and elytra

very distinctly alutaceous, and consequently but little glossy; eyes

but little prominent; antennze gradually stouter to the apex : thorax

considerably narrower than the elytra; moderately transverse, and

with two shallow longitudinal impressions, in which traces of the

dorsal rows of ptinctures are visible but very indistinct: elytra

with very minute scattered punctures; the humeral angle often

rufescent, as is likewise the apex of the abdomen.

Male with four short ridges on the 6th abdominal segment ;

the 7th segment with the two outer teeth, or spines, of moderate

Jength, being about equal to half the diameter of the gently emar-

ginated interspace ; this Jatter with a small semicircular notch in

the centre, bounded on either side by a minute denticle.

This species is about equal in bulk to the G. luczdula, but of a

more elongated form; the head and thorax decidedly narrower,

and the elytra longer than in that insect. It is rather larger than

G. manca, from which it differs not only in not having punctures

irregularly scattered over the whole surface of the thorax, but in

having that segment relatively smaller and narrower and more

distinctly margined.

The head in G. strictula is less suddenly contracted behind than

usual, and the eyes are less prominent; its upper surface is gently

convex and presents small scattered punctures on either side of

the central line, which is impunctate.

G. strictula of Erichson is identified by Dr. Kraatz, and by

Messrs. Fairmaire and Laboulbéne, with the G. levigata of Heer,

and possibly these authors may have had an opportunity of exa-

mining specimens received from the Swiss naturalist; but judging

simply from his description, it appears to me very doubtful whether

it refers to the insect above described.

“In a boletus growing on an old gate-stump at the Holt Forest,

Hampshire, April, 1860.”— Dr. Power.

—_— —

C OBS 5

XVIII. Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera in the Col-

lection of A. Fry, Esq. By Francis Waker, Esq.,

F.LS.

[Read 2nd December, 1861.]

TueE following Lepidoptera were all collected by Mr. Fry in the

neighbourhood of Rio Janeiro, and he has kindly allowed me to

describe them :—

Fam. LITHOSIIDE.

Genus Aucuta, n. g.

Mas.—Corpus sat validum. Caput et thorax dense pilosa.

Proboscis conspicua. Palpi crassi, dense pilosi, oblique as-

cendentes, verticem non superantes; articulus 3us_ brevis-

simus. Antennz convolute, pectinate. Abdomen pilosum,

cylindricum, alas posticas paullo superans ; fasciculus apicalis

subradiatus. Pedes robusti, dense fimbriati. Alze elongate,

Spissee, integree ; anticze apice rotundatz, margine exteriore

subconvexo perobliquo.

Male.—Body moderately stout. Head and thorax densely pi-

lose. Proboscis distinct. Palpi thick, densely pilose, obliquely

ascending, not rising higher than the vertex; 3rd joint extremely

short. Antenne convolute, moderately pectinated. Abdomen

pilose, cylindrical, extending a little beyond the hind-wings ;

apical tuft slightly radiating. Legs stout, thickly fringed; hind-

tibize with four long stout spurs. Wings elongate, stout, entire,

moderately broad. Fore-wings somewhat rounded at the tips;

costa straight; exterior border slightly convex, very oblique.

Aucula josioides.

Mas.— Obscure rufa, abdomine nigro apice luteo, alis subtus

zeneo-fuscis, alis anticis purpurascente albo-conspersis, fascia

subtus exteriore latissima lutea, alis posticis luteis zneofusco-

marginatis.

Male.—Dark red. Antenne and abdomen black; the latter

with a luteous tip. Pectus cinereous. Wings beneath zeneous

brown. Fore-wings minutely speckled with purplish white ; under-

side with an exterior, very broad luteous band, which is slightly

traced on the upper surface. Hind-wings luteous, bordered with

zeneous brown.

Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 22 lines.

254 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

Fam. ARCTIIDE.

Genus Appva, n, g.

Mas.—Corpus robustum. Proboscis obsoleta. Palpi porrecti,

graciles, brevissimi, caput non superantes ; articulus 3us mi-

nimus. Antenne subserratee. Abdomen lave, alas posticas

vix superans. Pedes sat graciles; tibize pilis longis fim-

briatze ; calcaria parva. Ale ample; anticz elongate, vix

acute, costa recta, margine exteriore sub-recto valde ob-

liquo.

Male.—Body stout. Proboscis obsolete. Palpi porrect, slender,

very short, not extending beyond the head; 3rd joint very minute.

Antenne minutely serrated. Abdomen smooth, hardly extending

beyond the hind-wings. Legs rather slender; tibize fringed with

long hairs; spurs small. Wings ample. Fore-wings elongated,

hardly acute; costa straight; exterior border almost straight,

very oblique.

Addua inclusa.

Mas.—Cervina, abdomine flavescente vitta fasciisque cervinis

subtus albidos apice fusco, alis anticis albidis testaceo-mar-

ginatis, macula vittaque extus nigro-marginata fuscis, plaga

subapicali diffusa cervina, alis posticis flavescente albis fusco

late marginatis.

Male.—Fawn-colour. Abdomen yellowish, with a fawn-coloured

band on the hind border of each segment, and a broad fawn-

coloured stripe; under-side whitish, brown at the tip. Wings

semi-hyaline. Fore-wings whitish, bordered with pale testaceous ;

a brown spot on the interior part of the disk, and a brown stripe

on the interior border; this stripe is obliquely abbreviated and

blackish-bordered exteriorly ; a diffuse fawn-coloured sub-apical

patch. Hind-wings yellowish white, with a broad brown border.

Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 24 lines.

Fam. LIPARIDZ.

Genus Compsa, n. g.

Mas.—Corpus sat validum. Proboscis obsoleta. Palpi lati,

obtusi, dense pilosi, oblique ascendentes, verticem paullo

superantes; articulus 3us indistinctus. Antenne breves,

pectinatee. Abdomen lanceolatum, alas posticas vix supe-

rans. Pedes breves, robusti, pilosi. Alze lata, spissee, non

in the Collection of A. Fry, Esq. 255

longee ; anticeze acute, margine exteriore sub-recto perparum

obliquo.

Male.—Body moderately stout. Proboscis obsolete. Palpi

broad, obtuse, densely pilose, obliquely ascending, rising a little

higher than the vertex; 3rd joint indistinct. Antenne short,

moderately pectinated. Abdomen lanceolate, hardly extending

beyond the hind-wings. Legs short, stout, pilose. Wings broad,

stout, not long. Fore-wings acute; costa and exterior border

almost straight, the latter very slightly oblique.

Compsa saturata.

Mas.—Rufescente fusca, alis fimbria ex parte alba, alis anticis

cinereo-suffusis, lineis nonnullis undulatis obscurioribus,

lineis exterioribus guttularibus rectis, litura discali postica

strigaque apicali guttulari flavis, linea costali interrupta alba,

alis posticis subtus gutta discali lineaque exteriore undulata

nigris.

Male.—Reddish-brown. Wings with the frmge partly white.

Fore-wings with the surface mostly covered by a cinereous bloom,

in which there are several darker undulating lines; these are suc-

ceeded exteriorly by straight lines composed of dots; a yellow

hindward discal mark, and an apical yellow streak, which is com-

posed of three dots, two of which are intersected ; an interrupted

white costal line; underside whitish along the interior border.

Hind-wings without markings above; underside partly reddish,

with a black discal dot and an exterior black undulating line.

Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 14 lines.

Fam. NOTODONTIDE.

Genus Burra, n. g.

Foem.—Corpus sat robustum. Proboscis mediocris. Palpi

porrecti, graciles, brevissimi, caput non superantes. An-

tenne longe, glabre, graciles. Abdomen lineare, breve,

supra convexum, subtus planum, alas posticas longe supe-

rans. Pedes mediocres; tibize posticze calcaribus quatuor

longis approximatis. Alze elongatee, integree; antice vix

acute, margine exteriore convexo valde obliquo.

Female.—Body rather stout. Proboscis moderately long.

Palpi porrect, slender, very short, not extending beyond the

head. Antennz long, simple, slender. Abdomen linear, smooth,

convex above, flat beneath, conical at the tip, extending far

956 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

beyond the hind-wings. Legs moderately long and stout ; hind-

tibiee with four long approximate spurs. Wings elongate, entire,

moderately broad. Fore-wings hardly acute; costa straight ;

exterior border convex, very oblique.

Blera ceruroides.

Fom.—Albido-cinerea, antennis fulvis, abdomine consperso,

alis anticis nigro et ferrugineo-rufo conspersis, lineis duabus

transversis angulatis indeterminatis, strigis submarginalibus

obliquis, alis posticis extus conspersis.

Female.—Whitish-cinereous. Antennzee tawny. Abdomen

speckled with reddish-ferruginous, and towards the tip with

black. Fore-wings with black and ferruginous-red speckles ;

the latter hue most prevalent on the under-side; some of the

black speckles forming two transverse, irregular, angular lines,

and a row of oblique submarginal streaks. Hind-wings thickly

speckled exteriorly with ferruginous-red.

Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 18 lines.

Genus Luca, n. g.

Mas.—Corpus robustum. Caput et thorax dense pilosa.

Fasciculus frontalis productus. Proboscis brevis, tenuis.

Palpi porrecti, graciles, caput vix superantes ; articulus 2us

subtus dense pilosus; 3us minimus. Antennz longiuscule,

fasciculis minimis munita. Abdomen alas posticas longe

superans. Pedes breves, robusti, dense pilosi. Alze spissz,

elongate, integra, anticze apice rotundatz, margine exteriore

convexo perobliquo.

Male.—Body stout. Head and thorax densely pilose. Frontal

tuft prominént. Proboscis short, feebie. Palpi porrect, slender,

hardly extending beyond the head; 2nd joint densely pilose

beneath; 3rd very minute. Antenne rather long; each joint

furnished with a very minute tuft. Abdomen extending far

beyond the hind-wings. Legs short, stout, densely pilose. Wings

stout, elongate, entire, not broad. Fore-wings somewhat rounded

at the tips; costa straight; exterior border convex, very oblique.

Luca herbida.

Mas.—Herbida, capite thoraceque viridescente ochraceis, ab-

domine fuscescente cinereo basi ochraceo, alis anticis albo-no-

tatis lineis nonnullis saturatioribus transversis undulatis, lineis

in the Collection of A. Fry, Esq. 257

exteriore et sub-marginali albis, plaga discali pallide ochracea

nigro-conspersa, alis posticis extus fuscescente-cinereis.

Male.—Cinereous. Head and thorax greenish-ochraceous.

Antennze white beneath. Abdomen brownish-cinereous, ochra-

ceous at the base. Fore-wings grass-green, with some white

marks and some deeper green transverse undulating lines, exterior

and sub-marginal lines white, the latter composed of lunules; a

pale ochraceous, black-speckled discal patch, and a few black

speckles at the base; costa and fringe with black marks. Hind-

wings brownish-cinereous exteriorly.

Length of the body 10 lines; of the wings 22 lines.

Genus Nacipusa, n. g.

Mas.—Corpus sat robustum. Caput et thorax dense pilosa.

Proboscis obsoleta. Palpi brevissimi. Antenne glabre.

Abdomen alas posiicas longe superans. Pedes validi, pilosi ;

tibiae posticee quadricalcarate. Ale longe, lanceolate ;

anticze vix acute, costa recta, margine exteriore sub-convexo

perobliquo.

Male.—Body moderately stout. Head and thorax densely

pilose. Proboscis obsolete. Palpi extremely short. Antennze

bare. Abdomen extending far beyond the hind-wings. Legs

stout, pilose; hind-tibize with moderately long spurs. Wings

long, lanceolate. Fore-wings hardly acute; costa straight; ex-

terior border slightly convex, extremely oblique.

Nagidusa xylocampoides.

Mas.—Cinerea, capite thoraceque cinereo-viridescentibus, ab-

domine pallide sub-ochraceo, alis anticis viridescente margi-

natis nigro-conspersis, litura discali parva strigaque sub-

apicali lanceolata nigris, plaga apicali alba, fascia marginali

fusca, fimbria albo-guttata, alis posticis fusco-marginatis.

Male.—Cinereous. Head and thorax dull cinereous-green.

Abdomen dull pale ochraceous. Fore-wings greenish along the

borders, speckled with black; discal mark small, black; a

white apical patch, and a black lanceolate sub-apical streak; a

brown marginal band; fringe greenish, with black dots. Hind-

wings brown towards the tips and along the exterior border.

Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 20 lines.

VOL. I. THIRD SERIES, PART I1I.—avGusT, 1862, s

258 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

Genus PuastIA, 0. g.

Mas.—Corpus vix robustum, Caput et thorax dense pilosa.

Proboscis obsoleta. Palpi. porrecti, vix angulati, validi,

compressi, subpilosi, caput paullo superantes ; articulus 3us

brevis, sub-decumbens. Antenne setulosze, pubescentes,

Abdomen cylindricum, longissimum, alas _posticas valde

superans, apice depressum. ° Pedes breves ; tibize fimbriatze.

Ale elongatee ; anticze apice rectangulate, costa vix con-

vexa, margine exteriore convexo perobliquo.

Male—Body hardly stout. Head and thorax thickly pilose.

Proboscis obsolete. Palpi porrect, stout, compressed, with short

hairs extending a little beyond the head; 3rd joint very slightly

declining, less than one-fourth of the length of the 2nd, with

which it hardly forms an angle. Antenne setulose, pubescent.

Abdomen cylindrical, very long, extending for half its length

beyond the hind-wings; tip flattened. Legs short, moderately

stout; tibie fringed; hind-tibiz with four long spurs. Wings

elongated, not broad. Fore-wings rectangular at the tips; costa

very slightly convex; exterior border convex, very oblique.

Phastia basalts.

Mas. — Viridescente-cinerea, capite thoraceque nigro-con-

spersis, abdomine rufescente cinereo basi luteo, alis anticis

nigro-conspersis, lineis nigris indeterminatis lunularibus, alis

posticis rufescentibus.

Male.—Greenish-cinereous, whitish-cinereous beneath. Head

and thorax black-speckled. Abdomen reddish-cinereous, luteous

at the base, whitish-cinereous and black-speckled at the tip.

Fore-wings irregularly black-speckled ; lines black, irregular,

chiefly composed of lunules ; sub-marginal line more distinct than

the other three. Hind-wings reddish. Wings beneath reddish-

speckled, without any markings.

Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 18 lines.

Genus Rirarea, n. g.

Mas.—Corpus robustum. Caput et thorax dense pilosa. Pro-

boscis obsoleta. Palpi porrecti, validi, pilosi, brevissimi,

caput non superantes; articulus 3us minimus. Antenne

serratee, sub-fasciculate. Abdomen alas posticas superans.

Pedes validi, pilosii Ale mediocres; anticze elongate,

in the Collection of A. Fry, Esq. 259

apice rotundatee costa recta, margine exteriore sub-convexo

perobliquo.

Male.—Body stout. Head and thorax densely pilose. Pro-

boscis obsolete. Palpi porrect, stout, pilose, very short, not ex-

tending beyond the head; 3rd joint very minute. Antenne

serrated on each side, with a setulose tuft on each tooth. Abdo-

men extending somewhat beyond the hind-wings. Legs stout,

pilose. Wings moderately broad. Fore-wings elongate, rounded

at the tips; costa straight; exterior border slightly convex, very

oblique.

_Rifargia xylinoides.

Mas.—Fusca, alis anticis purpureo-tinctis, costa basi vitta

postica maculaque sub-marginali viridescentibus, lituris dua-

bus basalibus strigisque marginalibus nigris, striga apicali

ligni-colori, reniformi angusta rufescente nigro-interlineata,

alis posticis albidis margine interiore sub-cervino.

Male.—Brown, whitish-cinereous beneath. Fore-wings with a

purple tinge, greenish along the costa and at the base, with a

greenish hindward stripe, and with a greenish sub-marginal spot ;

a black mark at the base and a black streak along the base of the

interior border ; a row of longitudinal black streaks along the ex-

terior border ; fringe with blackish dots; a pale oblique wood-

coloured apical streak ; reniform mark narrow, reddish, interlined

with black. Hind-wings whitish, with a fawn-coloured tinge

along the interior border, which is fringed with long hairs.

Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 18 lines.

Fam. HADENID.

Genus Havena, Treit.

Hadena opima.

Foem.—Ferruginea, palpis oblique ascendentibus dense pilosis

verticem non superantibus, abdomine alas posticas superante,

alis anticis nigro-conspersis ex parte pallidioribus, lituris

cinereis, lineis tribus lunulisque marginalibus nigris, reniformi

magna indeterminata disco albido, alis posticis cinereis extus

fuscis.

Female.-—Ferruginous, partly cinereous beneath. Palpi stout,

obliquely ascending, not rising higher than the vertex; 2nd joint

densely pilose beneath; 3rd conical, hardly one-third of the

length of the 2nd. Abdomen extending somewhat beyond the

hind-wings. Wings with the fringe slightly festooned. Fore-

5 2

260 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

wings irregularly speckled with black, partly paler ferruginous,

with some cinereous marks on the veins ; basal, interior and ex-

terior lines black ; exterior line forming some very acute angles ;

marginal lunules black; reniform mark large, transverse, inde-

terminate, with a whitish disk. Hind-wings cinereous, speckled

with brown, wholly brown exteriorly; an indistinct brownish

band and an exterior cinereous line; marginal lunules blackish ;

underside paler, with brown speckles and with two undulating

brown lines.

Length of the body 11 lines; of the wings 24 lines.

Fam. POAPHILIDE.

Genus Poapuita, Guen.

Poaphila plagiata.

Feem.— Pallide cinereo-cervina, palpis porrectis compressis

supra fimbriatis caput superantibus articulo 30 minimo, an-

tennis breviusculis, abdomine alas posticas superante, alis

anticis acutis, plaga oblonga guttaque exteriore lunulisque

marginalibus nigris.

Female.—Pale cinereous fawn-colour, paler beneath. Palpi

porrect, compressed, fringed above, extending somewhat beyond

the head; 3rd joint very minute. Antenne bare, rather short.

Abdomen extending rather beyond the hind-wings. Legs smooth,

with long spurs. Fore-wings acute, with an oblong black patch

which extends to the interior border, and with an exterior black

dot which is nearer the costa; marginal lunules black; exterior

border slightly convex.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Poaphila? figurata.

Feem.—F uscescente cinerea, palpis longis compressis ascenden-

tibus, antennis glabris, alis anticis lituris nonnullis atris albo-

- flavescente narginatis, linea sub-marginali fusca undulata, lu-

nulis marginalibus nigricantibus, punctis costalibus exteri-

oribus pallidis, margine exteriore sub-angulato.

Female.—Brownish-cinereous. Palpi compressed, long, ob-

liquely ascending ; 2nd joint rather broad; 3rd acuminated, very

slender, more ascending than the 2nd, and nearly half its length.

Antenne bare. Fore-wings with some deep black marks, which

are bordered with yellowish-white, and consist of an oblong patch

in the Collection of A. Fry, Esq. 261

near the base of the interior border, an oblique band which is

very deeply bent and almost interrupted in the middle, a dot and

an undulating streak in front of the band; the latter is shaded

with brown on the outer side, and is followed by an undulating

brown sub-marginal line; marginal lunules blackish; some pale

points along the exterior part of the costa; exterior border

slightly angular in the middle. Hind-wings more brownish than

the fore-wings.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 16 lines.

Genus Puurys, Guen.

Phurys mensurata.

Feem.—Cervina, palpis oblique ascendentibus verticem non

superantibus articulo 30 minimo, abdomine alas _posticas

paullo superante segmentis pallido marginatis, alis anticis

purpurascente tinctis, linea exteriore recta obliqua extus

nigro-marginata antice dilatata, linea adhuc exteriore e

punctis nigris, lineis interiore et media ochraceis undulatis

valde indistinctis, alis posticis pallidioribus fascia submar-

ginali fusca lata diffusa.

Female.—Fawn-colour. Palpi obliquely ascending, not rising

so high as the vertex; 3rd joint very minute. Abdomen extend-

ing a little beyond the hind-wings, slightly compressed at the tip;

hind borders of the segments pale. Fore-wings with a purplish

tinge; exterior line straight, oblique, bordered with black on the

outer side, except in front, where it is dilated into a band; a more

exterior line of black points ; interior and middle lines ochraceous,

undulating, very slender, and indistinct, the latter terminating

near the interior border in a diffuse black streak. Hind-wings

and underside of the fore-wings paler, with a broad brown diffuse

sub-marginal band.

Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 20 lines.

Fam. HYPENID.

Genus Hyrena, Schr.

Hypena? scissilinea.

Mas.—Pallide ochracea, capite thoraceque antico obscure rufis,

hujus margine postico nigro, palpis compressis longissimis

sub-fimbriatis oblique ascendentibus, antennis sub-pubescen-

tibus, tibiis posticis calcaribus duobus apicalibus uno longis-

262 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera.

simo, alis elongatis nigro-conspersis, linea exteriore nigricante

duplicata recta obliqua extus nigro-punctata, alis anticis per-

acutis, linea interiore fusca angulosa postice abbreviata, striga

sub-costali obliqua nigricante, reniformi magna _ pallido-mar-

ginata, orbiculari e puncto nigro, margine exteriore sub-flexo.

Male.—Pale dull ochraceous. Head and palpi dark red.

Palpi compressed, very long, slightly fringed, obliquely ascending,

rising much higher than the head; 8rd joint nearly as long as the

2nd. Antenne minutely pubescent. Forepart of the thorax dark

red, bordered with black hindward. Legs smooth; hind-tibie

- with apical spurs, one of which is very long. Wings elongated,

black-speckled, with a double exterior straight oblique blackish

line, which has some black points along its outer side, and is very

acutely retracted towards the tips of the fore-wings. Fore-wings

very acute, darker about the tips; interior line brown, zigzag,

much abbreviated hindward ; a blackish oblique streak extending

from the costa to the reniform mark ; the latter is large, pale-bor-

dered, and a little darker than the ground hue; orbicular mark

forming a black point; exterior border slightly bent in the

middle.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 18 lines.

( 263.)

XIX. Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera in the Collection

of W. W. Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., &c. By Francis

Waker, Esq., F.L.S.

[Read 2nd Dec. 1861.]

Fam. SPHINGID.

Genus Anpriasa, Walk.

THE description of this genus is taken from the following spe-

cies. It is closely allied to 4. contraria in general structure, but

is quite distinct in colour and markings. 4. marginalis will form

a distinct genus. ,

Mas.—Corpus robustum, elongatum. Caput cristatum. Pro-

boscis obsoleta. Palpi validi, erecti, caput non superantes ;

articulus 2us dense pilosus; 3us sub-obsoletus. Antenne

robustz, serrate, pubescentes. Abdomen lanceolatum, alas

posticas longe superans. Pedes longi, setulosi, sub-pilosi ;

tibiae posticee calcaribus quatuor approximatis. Alze ample,

longiuscule ; anticee acute, costa recta, margine exteriore

convexo. i

Male.—Body stout, elongate. Head crested. Proboscis obso-

lete. Palpi stout, vertical, not rising higher than the head; 2nd

joint densely pilose in front ; 3rd nearly obsolete. Antenne stout,

serrated, pubescent. Abdomen lanceolate, extending far beyond

the hind wings. Legs long, setulose, slightly pilose; hind-tibize

with four approximate spurs, one of the apical pair long. Wings

ample, rather long. Fore-wings acute; costa straight; exterior

border convex, moderately oblique.

Andriasa erubescens.

Mas.—Cinereo-cervina, alis subtus linea sub-marginali nigra

sub-denticulata, alis anticis lineis quatuor nigricantibus, 1a,

2a, Saque postice approximatis, la undulata, 2a, 3a, 4aque

obliquis sub-denticulatis, alis posticis roseo-rufis linea sub-

marginali nigricante indistincta.

Male.—Cinereous fawn-colour. Wings beneath with a black

slightly denticulated sub-marginal line. Fore-wings with four

blackish transverse lines; Ist, 2nd and 3rd lines approximate on

the interior border; Ist line undulating, not oblique; 2nd, 3rd

and 4th oblique, slightly denticulated ; underside rosy-red towards

964 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

the base. Hind-wings mostly rosy-red, with an indistinct blackish

sub-marginal line.

meneth of the body 12 lines; of the wings 24 lines.

Natal.

Fam. LIPARIDZ.

Genus Eurroctis, Hubn.

Euproctis punctilinea.

Mas.—Nigyra, corpore subtus abdomineque apicem versus pedi-

busque lzte ochraceis, capite thoraceque antico sub-flave-

scentibus, thorace pilis nonnullis longis nigris, tibiis nigro-

vittatis, tarsis nigro-fasciatis, alis linea exteriore e punctis

nigris. -

Male.—Pure white. Body beneath and legs bright-ochraceous.

Head and fore part of the thorax with a yellowish tinge. Antenne

with reddish fawn-coloured branches. ‘Thorax with some long

black hairs. Abdomen bright ochraceous towards the tip. Tibie

striped with black, tarsi with black bands. Wings broad, shining,

with an exterior hee of black points, those on the fore-wings

forming a short streak by the interior border. Hind-wings ex-

coming much beyond the abdomen.

Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 24 lines.

West Africa.

Genus Cispra, Walk.

The Cispia here described much resembles C. punctifascia, but

is sufficiently distinct to be considered as another species.

Cispia venosa.

Mas.—ULete lutea, palpis apice nigris, antennis nigris late pec-

tinatis, pedibus nigricantibus, alis apud venas pallide flave-

scentibus fascia subtus fuscescente exteriore arcuata incom-

pleta, alis anticis vix acutis costa sub-convexa.

Male.—Bright luteous. Palpi with black tips. Antenne black,

broadly pectinated. Legs mostly blackish. Wings ample, pale-

yellowish along the veins; underside with an exterior curved

brownish incomplete band. Fore-wings hardly acute ; costa

slightly convex ; exterior border rather oblique.

Length of the body 10 lines; of the wings 30 lines.

Hindostan.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 265:

Genus LymantriA, Hubn.

Lymantria rufopunctata.

Mas.—Alba, crassa, capite thoraceque flavescente tinctis, ab-

dominis apice cervino dense lanuginoso, alis anticis fasciis

tribus indistinctis macularibus pallide flavescentibus, punctis

quatuor ochraceo-rufis, pilis apud marginem interiorem longis

clavatis flavis.

Male.—White, thick. Head and thorax with a yellowish tinge.

Antenne moderately pectinated. Abdomen at the tip fawn-colour

and densely lanuginous. Fore-wings with three mdistinct macular

pale-yellowish bands and with four orange-red points, of which

one is in the fore part of the disk, one near the exterior border,

and two near the interior angle; interior border with long clavate

yellow hairs.

Length of the body 10 lines; of the wings 22 lines.

Natal.

Genus Cotussa, Walk.

In the Museum list of Lepidoptera— Heterocera,—some species

of Colussa have been included erroneously with Darala, and it

would seem that nearly all the @inochromide should be transferred

from the Geometrites to the Liparide, or should form a family of

Bombycites.

Colussa varia.

Darala varia, Cat. Lep. 1st Ser. iv. 890.

Var. Mas.—Sub-purpurascente cinerea, abdomine sub-cervino

apice nigro, alis linea interiore angulosa obscure purpura-

scente, linea exteriore flava intus purpurascente marginata,

fascia adhuc exteriore purpurascente lineam nigram angu-

losam includente, alis anticis punctis duobus discalibus nigris,

linea interiore ex parte duplicata. Var. Minor, alis linea

interiore sub-obsoleta, fascia pallide rufescente, alis anticis

punctis discalibus purpureo-marginatis. —

Var. Male.—Cinereous, with a slight purplish tinge. Legs pur-

plish, speckled with black. Abdomen slightly fawn-coloured ;

tip black. Wings with an interior zigzag dark purplish line,

which is partly double in the fore-wings; exterior line yellow,

bordered with purplish on the inner side, contiguous on the outer

side to a purplish band, which includes a black zigzag line ; fringe

yellowish. Fore-wings with two black discal points; the band

266 Mr, F. Walker's Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

obsolete, except towards the interior border. Hind-wings with

two black discal points on the underside.

Australia.

Var. Smaller. Wings with the interior line almost obsolete ;

band pale reddish; the black zigzag line followed by a cor-

responding red line. Fore-wings with the discal points purple-

bordered.

Moreton Bay.

Colussa latifera.

Feem.—Cinerea, D. hamate valde affinis, capite fascia nigra,

antennis flavis, genubus albis, alis lineis duabus obscure pur-

purascentibus, la dentata undulata, 2a recta obliqua extus

flavo-marginata, linea exteriore fusca angulosa flavo-margi-

nata, alis anticis falcatis basi rufescentibus, linea la dupli-

cata, spatio exteriore rufescente. Var. Pallidior.

Female.—Cinereous, closely allied to D. hamata (Cat. Lep. 1st

Ser. 895). Body slightly tinged with reddish. Head with a

black band in front of the antenna, which are yellow. Legs

black-speckled ; knees white. Wings ample, with an interior den-

tate, undulating, dark-purplish line, and with an exterior straight

oblique line of the same hue, which is bordered with yellow on

the outer side, and is abruptly retracted on the costa of the fore-

wings ; a more exterior brown, zigzag, yellow-bordered line, which

is nearly obsolete in the fore-wings, except towards the interior

border. Fore-wings falcate, reddish about the base, with a basal

line, which is the double of the line above mentioned ; a reddish

space along the hind part of the exterior line. Hind-wings with

the space between the straight line and the zigzag line reddish ;

exterior border somewhat truncate at the tip, quadrate hindward.

Length of the body 14 lines; of the wings 38 lines.

Australia.

Var. Paler. Body and basal part of the wings without any

reddish tinge ; a broader space on the interior border between

the interior line and the exterior line; exterior reddish space

nearly obsolete; a yellowish tinge on the surface between the.

exterior line and the exterior border.

Moreton Bay.

Colussa directa.

Mas.?—Flavescente cinerea, roseo sub-tincta, capite antico nigri-

cante, antennis flavis pectinatis, alis linea interiore nigricante

dentata incompleta, linea exteriore rufescente nigra sub-recta

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 267

extus flavo-marginata, linea adhuc exteriore nigricante punc-

tata angulosa, linea sub-marginali rufescente indistincta in-

completa postice diffusa, alis anticis non fulcatis, punctis

duabus discalibus nigris purpureo-marginatis.

Male ?—Yellowish-cinereous, with a very slight rosy tinge.

Head blackish in front. Body reddish beneath. Palpi blackish,

red above. Antenne yellow, moderately pectinated. Wings with

an interior incomplete, dentate, blackish line ; exterior line reddish-

black, almost straight, yellow-bordered on the outer side; a more

exterior blackish zigzag line, which is marked by points, and has

a corresponding indistinct and incomplete reddish line on its outer

side; this line is diffuse towards the interior border ; fringe

yellowish fawn-colour. Fore-wings not falcate, with two black

purple-bordered discal points. Hind-wings with a black purple-

bordered discal point on the underside.

Length of the body 12 lines; of the wings 32 lines.

Moreton Bay. .

Genus Aronia, Guen.

A. semirosea is very closely allied to A. lasiocamparia, and still

more so to 4. retractaria, but may be distinguished from the latter

by the more straight band of the hind-wings.

Arhodia semirosea.

Foem.—Cinerea, A. retractarié simillima, cervino-subtincta, alis

anticis atomis, lineisque duabus obliquis indistinctis nigro-

purpurascentibus, linea 2a punctulari, plaga subtus magna

nigro-purpurea, alis posticis pallide rufis, gutta discali

lineaque media purpureo-nigris.

Female.—Cinereous, head, thorax and fore-wings slightly tinged

with fawn-colour. Abdomen reddish fawn-colour, especially

towards the base. Fore-wings acute, minutely speckled with

purplish-black, with two indistinct oblique lines of the same hue ;

2nd line composed of points ; exterior border extremely oblique ;

underside with a large blackish-purple patch, which is connected

on the inner side with an angular line. Hind-wings pale red,

thinly speckled; discal dot and middle line purplish-black,

distinct ; interior border with white hairs; underside fawn-colour,

whitish along the interior border.

Length of the body 11 lines ; of the wings 32 lines.

Moreton Bay.

268 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

Genus Cuoara, Walk. .

The following species seems to connect Choara with Hypographa

by means of H. privata, to which it is much more allied than to

H. Phiegetonaria, the type of the genus.

Choara indicator.

Mas.—Cinerea, capite antico palpisque ferrugineis cinereo-

varlis, antennis late pectinatis, abdomine e punctis fuscis qua-

drilineato lateribus anticis cristatis, alis nigro-conspersis

rufescente vix tinctis, lineis duabus e punctis paucis nigris,

linea media diffusa indistincta annuloque discali nigricantibus,

alis anticis sub-falcatis plaga subtus magna nigra, alis posticis

apud marginem interiorem albidis ferrugineo-variis.

Male.—Cinereous. Head in front and palpi ferruginous, varied

with cinereous. Antenne broadly pectinated. Abdomen with

small crests along each side; its forepart with four rows of brown

points. Legs with ferruginous bands. Wings with a very slight

reddish tinge, minutely black-speckled; interior and exterior lines

composed of a few black points; middle line blackish, diffuse,

indistinct, on the inner side of the blackish discal ringlet. Fore-

wings sub-falcate; costa straight ; exterior border convex, slightly

excavated in front; underside with a large black patch. Hind-

wings whitish, and varied with ferruginous along the interior border.

Length of the body 9 lines ; of the wings 24 lines.

Moreton Bay.

Genus Darata, Walk.

Darala cinctifera.

Mas et Foem.—Nigro-fusca, thorace pilis longissimis, abdomine

nigro, alis anticis litura discali alba transversa. JMas.—

Antennis late pectinatis, abdominis segmentis ochraceo-mar-

ginatis pilis apicalibus longis albis. Fcem.—Antennis sub-

pectinatis, abdomine apicem versus niveo.

Male and Female.—Thorax with very long hairs. Abdomen

black. Fore-wings with a white transverse discal mark. Hind-

wings with a white transverse mark on the underside. Male.—

Antennze broadly pectinated. Abdomen with long apical white

hairs; hind borders of the segments bright ochraceous. Female.—

Antenne slightly pectinated. Abdomen with the apical third part

bright white ; hind borders of the segments dark ochraceous.

Length of the body 13—14 lines; of the wings 24 —28 lines.

Moreton Bay.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 269

Darala lineosa.

Mas.—Cervina, capite thoraceque albido-conspersis, antennis

- subpectinatis, alis pallidissime cervinis, alis anticis lineis albis

nigro-strigatis fasciisque tribus nigris diffusis incompletis,

alis posticis lituris marginalibus cuneatis fuscescentibus.

Male.—Fawn-colour. Head and thorax with numerous whitish

hairs. Antenne very slightly pectinated. Abdomen and under-

side tawny. Wings very pale fawn-colour. Fore-wings with

whitish black-streaked lines on the veins, and with three incom-

plete and diffuse black bands. Hind-wings with brownish cunei-

form marginal marks.

Length of the body 12 lines; of the wings 28 lines.

Australia.

Darala quadriplaga.

Mas.—Ochracea, antennis late pectinatis, alis amplis, linea

flava recta obliqua fusco-marginata, plaga discali fusca,

lineis duabus interioribus rufescentibus angulosis, linea ex-

teriore e punctis fuscis, lineis duabus fuscis adhuc exterio-

ribus, la angulosa, 2a maculari sub-marginali, alis anticis

maculis duabus discalibus nigricantibus cinereo-punctatis.

Male.—Ochraceous. Antenne broadly pectinated. Wings

ample; a straight, oblique, yellow brown-bordered line, which

intersects a brown discal patch in each wing, and is retracted

towards the costa of the fore-wings; two more interior reddish

zigzag lines, which are almost obsolete on the hind wings: an

exterior line of brown points, beyond which there are two brown

lines, one zigzag, the other macular and sub-marginal; exterior

border convex. Fore-wings acute, with two blackish, cinereous-

pointed discal spots. Hind-wings with the interior border densely

pilose ; interior angle prominent.

Length of the body 8 lines ; of the wings 20 lines.

This species will form a distinct section in the genus.

Australia.

Genus Dreata, Walk.

The species here described may form a new genus. It differs

in structure from Dreata and from Darala, but has some affinity

to Darala excellens.

Dreata caniceps.

Mas.—Ochraceo-fulva, capite cano margine postico nigro, an-

tennis late pectinatis, alis latissimis linea recta obliqua rufes-

“870 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

cente pallido marginata, lineis duabus exterioribus nigris

angulosis, litura discali cinerea parva indistincta nigro-mar-

ginata, alis anticis flavescente-cervinis vix falcatis apicibus

purpurascente-albidis.

Male.—Ochraceous-tawny. Head hoary, with a black hind

border. Antenne hoary, broadly pectinated, with pale testaceous

branches. Legs mostly hoary. Wings very broad, with a dark

reddish, pale-bordered, straight, oblique line, and with two ex-

terior black zigzag lines: discal mark small, indistinct, cinereous,

black-bordered, white and distinct beneath; underside yellowish-

fawn colour; space beyond the Ist line purplish-reddish, with a

cinereous tinge. Fore-wings yellowish fawn-colour, shining, with

a slight tendency to the falcate form; tips diffusedly purplish-

whitish, Hind-wings. much rounded; interior angle very pro-

minent, but rounded ; interior border very densely pilose.

Length of the body 12 lines; of the wings 30 lines.

Moreton Bay, Australia.

Genus Jana, Boisd.

: Jana semirosea.

Mas.—Rufescente ochracea, antennis latissime pectinatis, alis

anticis acutis nigro sub-conspersis, lineis tribus nigricantibus

obliquis sub-rectis, linea sub-marginali nigricante angulosa

indistincta, litura discali parva nigra, alis posticis late roseo-

rufis.

Male.—Reddish-ochraceous. Antenne pale testaceous, very

broadly pectinated. Fore-wings acute, very minutely black-

speckled, with three oblique, nearly straight, blackish lines; sub-

marginal line blackish, zigzag, indistinct; discal mark small,

black ; costa convex; exterior border slightly festooned. Hind-

wings above, like the abdomen, bright rosy red; underside with

four indistinct, brownish, denticulated lines, of which the 3rd is

accompanied by black points.

Length of the body 16 lines; of the wings 88 lines.

Hindostan. :

Genus Ruaconis, n. g.

Mas.—Corpus robustum, pilis longis vestitum. Proboscis

brevissima. Palpi porrecti, brevissimi. Antenne late pec-

tinatee, corporis dimidio longiores. Abdomen alas _pos-

ticas non superans. Pedes breviusculi; tibize posticze cal-

caribus breviusculis. Ale latiusculee; antice apicee sub-

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 271

rotundatz, costa recta, margine exteriore convexo sub-

- obliquo.

Male.—Body stout, clothed with long hairs. Proboscis very

short. Palpi porrect, very short. Antenne more than half the

length of the body, broadly pectinated to the tips. Abdomen

not extending beyond the hind wings. Legs rather short; spurs

of the hind-tibize not long. Wings rather broad. Fore-wings

somewhat rounded at the tips; costa straight; exterior border

convex, slightly oblique; interior angle rounded.

The affinities of this genus are doubtful. It does not associate

well with the Lzparid@ or with the Notodontide.

Rhagonis bicolor.

Mas.—Cervina, tibiis anticis intus nigris, alis subtus litura

discali magna fasciaque sub-marginali sub-obsoleta nigrican-

tibus, alis anticis litura discali parva nigra, linea interrupta

angulari lituraque exteriore discali nigricantibus, alis posticis

nigricantibus cervino-marginatis.

Male.—Fawn-colour. Antenne with black branches. Fore-

tibize black on the inner side. Wings beneath with a large black-

ish discal mark, and with some vestiges of a blackish sub-mar-

ginal band, which is most distinct on the under side. Fore-wings

with a small black discal mark, which forms part of a slight,

interrupted, angular, transverse, blackish line; a small more

exterior blackish discal mark. Hind-wings blackish, bordered

with fawn-colour.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 16 lines.

California.

Fam. NOTODONTIDE.

Genus Datana, Waik.

The Datane hitherto described are inhabitants of North America,

but the following species does not seem to differ from them in

generic structure.

Datana ruficollis.

Foem.—Ochraceo-cervina, capite thoraceque rufescentibus, ab-

domine cylindrico alas posticas superante, alis anticis lineis

quatuor rectis fuscescentibus, alis posticis pallide cinereo-

cervinis.

Female.—Ochraceous fawn-colour. Head and thorax reddish,

the latter short. Antenne simple. Abdomen cylindrical, ex-

972 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

tending beyond the hind-wings. Fore-wings acute, with four

slight, straight, brownish lines, of which the first is upright, and

the other three are oblique and parallel; exterior border very

oblique, slightly convex. Hind-wings pale cinereous fawn-colour.

Length of the body 11 lines; of the wings 24 lines.

Natal.

Genus ABELLA, n.g.

Feem.—Corpus robustum, pilosum. Proboscis obsoleta. Palpi

porrecti, pilis longis vestiti, caput non superantes ; articulus

3° brevissimus. Antenne breviuscule, sub-pectinate. Ab-

domen cristatum, alas posticas perpaullo superans. Pedes

validi, pilis longis usque ad tarsorum apices vestiti. Ale

ample ; anticee longee, sub-lanceolate, vix acute; posticae

margine interiore pilis longis vestito.

Female.—Body stout, pilose. Proboscis obsolete. Palpi porrect,

clothed with long hairs, not extending beyond the head ; 3rd joint

very short. Antenne rather short, very slightly pectinated.

Abdomen crested, extending very little beyond the hind-wings.

Legs stout, moderately long, clothed with long hairs to the tips

of the tarsi. Wings ample. Fore-wings long, somewhat lan-_

ceolate, hardly acute; costa convex exteriorly ; exterior border

very oblique. Hind-wings with long hairs along the interior

border.

This genus has much affinity to Rilia—the latter contains but

one species, a native of Hindostan and of Ceylon.

Abella costalis.

Foem. — Cinerea, cervino sub-tincta, abdominis crista nigra

squamosa, alis anticis cervinis nigro-strigatis et conspersis,

venis lineisque duabus indistinctis dentatis nigris, costa vitta-

que postica albis, fimbria nigro-notata.

Female.—Cinereous, slightly tinged with fawn-colour. Ab-

domen with a black squamous tuft on the second segment. Fore-

wings fawn-colour, irregularly streaked and speckled with black ;

veins mostly black; two slight, indistinct, deeply dentate black

lines; a black incomplete marginal line; costa irregularly white ;

an irregular white stripe near the interior border, which is pale ;

fringe with black marks.

Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 24 lines.

Moreton Bay.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 273

Genus Era, n.g.

Mas.—Corpus sat robustum, pilis longis vestitum. Proboscis

obsoleta. Palpi porrecti, minimi. Antenne latissime pec-

tinatee. Abdomen alas posticas superans. Pedes breves,

graciles, pilosi, calearibus minimis. Ale elongate; anticz

apice rotundatz, margine exteriore recto perobliquo ; posticz

margine interiore pilis longis vestito.

Male.—Body moderately stout, clothed with long hairs. Pro-

boscis obsolete. Palpi porrect, very small, not extending beyond

the head. Antennze moderately long, very broadly pectinated.

Abdomen extending somewhat beyond the hind-wings. Legs

short, slender, pilose ; spurs very small. Wings elongate, mode-

rately broad. Fore-wings rounded at the tips; costa straight,

slightly rounded towards the tip; exterior border straight, very

oblique. Hind-wings clothed with long hairs along the interior

border.

This genus is nearly allied to Abella.

Ela leucophea.

Mas.—Fusca, antennis testaceis, alis anticis albo-conspersis,

linea sub-marginali alba dentata antice abbreviata postice

dilatata intus fusco-obscuro-marginata, alis posticis dimidio

exteriore albo.

Male.—Brown, paler beneath. Antenne testaceous. Fore-

wings irregularly speckled with white; a white sub-marginal

. dentate line, which is dilated hindward and is abbreviated in front,

and is bordered with darker brown on the inner side. Hind-wings

with nearly half the exterior part white.

Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 20 lines.

Australia.

Genus Crostra, n. g.

Mas.—Corpus sat robustum. Proboscis obsoleta. Palpi por-

recti, pilosi, sat graciles, caput superantes; articulus 35 conicus,

brevis. Antennze graciles, sub-pectinate. Pedes _pilosi,

longiusculi, sat graciles; tibize postice calcaribus quatuor

longis. Alz ample, integree ; antice apice sub-rotundate,

costa sub-convexa; posticaze abdomen superantes.

Male.—Body moderately stout. Proboscis obsolete. Palpi

porrect, pilose, rather slender, extending somewhat beyond the

head ; 3rd joint conical, less than one-fourth of the length of the

2nd. Antenne slender, slightly pectinated; branches very short

VOL. I, THIRD SERIES, PART Il],—AUGUST, 1862. T

274 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

and of equal length. Legs pilose, rather long and slender : hind-

tibize with four long spurs. Wings ample, entire. Fore-wings

slightly rounded at the tips; costa very slightly convex ; exterior

border convex, rather oblique. Hind-wings extending beyond the

abdomen.

Clostra is sufficiently distinct from Notodonta, which it resembles

more than any other genus of the family.

Clostra tenebriplaga.

Mas.—F usca, alis anticis lineis tribus fuscis cinereo sabulosé

marginatis, la 2aque sub-undulatis, la antice obsoleta, 3a

lunulari, macula discali oblonga sub-ochracea.

Male.—Brown, paler beneath. Fore-wings with three irregular

dark brown lines, which are bordered with cinereous speckles ;

Ist and 2nd lines slightly undulating; 1st obsolete in front ;

2nd contiguous to the outer side of an oblong dull ochraceous

discal spot; 3rd line composed of lunules. Hind-wings a little

paler than the fore-wings, with a still paler exterior border.

Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 24 lines.

Hindostan,

Fam. LIMACODID#.

Genus Miresa, Walk.

The following species is a native of Australia, but all the other

Mires@ are Asiatic.

Miresa albibasis.

Mas.—Rufescente cinerea, corpore rufo crasso, alis nitidis non

notatis, alis anticis costa basali alba.

Male.—Reddish-cinereous. Body thick, red, very thickly

clothed. Antenne pectinated to much beyond half the length.

Wings shining, without markings. Fore-wings white at the base

of the costa.

Length of the body § lines ; of the wings 18 lines.

Moreton Bay.

Fam. DREPANULID.

Genus Aruna, Walk.

Apha subdives has been already characterized, but the following

description refers to a distinct variety of it.

Apha subdives.

Var. Mas.—Flava, subtus ochracea aut lete rufa, capite

thoraceque antico rufescente fuscis ; alis anticis basi costa

ain the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 275

fasciaque nigricantibus, linea rufescente angulosa; litura

discali lineisque duabus exterioribus parallelis angulosis

fuscis, spatio adhuc exteriore rufescente linea contigua recta

obliqua flava fusco-marginata, spatio marginali viridescente ~

ochraceo lineam rufescente-fuscam includente.

Var. Male.— Yellow, ochraceous or bright red beneath, except

the exterior part of the wings. Head and forepart of the thorax

reddish-brown. Antenne black. Fore-wings blackish along the

basal part of the costa; a blackish band near the base, almost con-

tiguous to a more exterior reddish zigzag line; a brown discal point

beyond which there are two parallel zigzag brown lines; these are

contiguous to a reddish space, which is concisely limited by a

straight, oblique, yellow brown-bordered line; marginal space

greenish-ochraceous, containing a dilated reddish-brown line.

Hind-wings with the above markings partly or wholly obliterated,

with the exception of the yellow line, which has a rosy-red band

on its inner side.

Hindostan.

Genus Tacora, Walk.

This new species is nearly allied to T. ameena. Dreata gemi-

nata is a Tagora.

Tagora trigutta.

-Mas.—Pallide flava, antennis late pectinatis, alis lineis quinque

nigricantibus denticulatis parallelis, 4* guttulari, linea recta

obliqua nigricante, alis posticis abdomen longe superantibus.

Male.—Pale yellow, or primrose colour. Antenne broadly

pectinated. Wings ample, with five denticulated parallel blackish

lines; a straight oblique blackish line between the 3rd and 4th

lines, but not parallel to them; the lines are most distinct on the

underside ; the 4th is guttular, and is. represented above on the

fore-wings by three black dots, exterior border convex; interior

angle rounded. Hind-wings extending much beyond the ab-

domen.

Length of the body 10 lines ; of the wings 28 lines.

Hindostan.

Fam. SATURNIID ®.

Genus AntHER@A, Hubn.

Antheroea flavivitta.

Foem.—Sub-purpurascente albida, capitis lateribus palpisque tes-

taceis, thorace fascia flava antice fusco-marginata, alis ex parte

276 Mr. F. Walker's Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

sub-flavescentibus roseo-conspersis, lineis tribus angulosis

fuscis, vitta discali diffusa fusca, ocelli margine luteo nigroque,

alis anticis falcatis linea exteriore recta fusca.

Female.—Whitish, with a slight purplish tinge. Sides of the

head, palpi and antenne testaceous, the latter broadly pectinated.

Thorax with a broad yellow band, which is bordered with brown

in front. Legs, especially the fore-legs, mostly purplish rosy.

Wings slightly and partly yellowish, minutely speckled with red ;

three zigzag brown lines; a yellow diffuse discal stripe; ocellus

with a vitreous disk, which is bordered with luteous and again

with black. Fore-wings faleate, with a brown straight exterior

line, which is between the 2nd and 3rd zigzag lines, and inter-

sects the latter in front.

Length of the body 12 lines; of the wings 36 lines.

Natal.

Genus Hyvrrcuiria, Hubn.

This Hyperchiria is most nearly allied to H. Abas, but is suffi-

ciently distinguished by the smaller size of the ocellus in the hind-

wings, and by other characters.

Hyperchiria rubriluna.

Feem.—Nigricante cinerea, alis anticis rufescente sub-tinctis

valde falcatis, fascia obliqua nigra vix arcuata fulvo-sub-

lineata, litura discali nigra parva rufo-varia fulvo-marginata,

alis posticis macula discali magna rotunda coccinea albo-notata

atro late marginata, fascia lineaque exterioribus nigricantibus.

Female. — Blackish-cinereous. | Antennae minutely setulose.

Fore-wings very falcate, with a slight reddish tinge except towards

the base, and with a black hardly curved oblique band, which

extends from the outer part of the interior border to the tip, and

is slightly interlined with tawny; discal mark black, small, varied

with red, bordered with tawny, larger and wholly black on the

under-side. Hind-wings with a large, round, bright crimson discal

spot, which contains a white mark, and is broadly bordered with

deep black; an exterior curved blackish band, which is narrowly

divided on the inner side from a blackish line.

Length of the body 10 lines; of the wings 30 lines.

Amazon Region.

an the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 2m

Fam. BOMBYCID.

Genus Lesepa, Walk.

Lebeda metaphea.

Foem.—Cinerea, antennis nigris serratis, alis anticis lineis duabus

indistinctis subundulatis rufescente fuscis, linea exteriore e

guttis rufis nigro-notatis, margine exteriore perobliquo, alis

posticis rufescente fuscis margine exteriore cinereo.

Female—Cinereous. Frontal tuft prominent. Palpi clothed

with long hairs. Antenne black, serrated. Fore-wings with two

indistinct, slightly undulating, reddish-brown lines, of which the

2nd is more oblique than the Ist, and has along its outer side

a row of red black-marked dots; exterior border convex,

extremely oblique. Hind-wings reddish-brown, cinereous along

the exterior border.

Length of the body 9? lines; of the wings 26 lines.

Moreton Bay.

Genus Pactnocampa, Steph.

Peecilocampa plurilinea.

Feem.—Cervina, antennis sub-pectinatis, abdomine longo pilis

apicalibus densissimis nigricantibus, alis anticis lineis octo

cinereis undulatis, alis posticis pallidioribus.

Female.—Fawn-colour. Antenne slightly pectinated. Abdomen

extending beyond the hind-wings; tip tumid, clothed with a mass

of blackish hairs. Wings thinly clothed. Fore-wings with eight

cinereous undulating lines; 7th line broad, abbreviated in front ;

8th more distinct than the others, curved in front, exterior border

very oblique, slightly festooned. Hind-wings paler than the fore-

wings.

Length of the body 13 lines; of the wings 28 lines.

Amazon Region.

Peecilocampa? nigriventris.

Mas.—Pallide cinereo-cervina, antennis late pectinatis, abdomine

nigro, alis anticis apice rotundatis costa sub-convexa, margine

interiore longissime piloso, alis posticis basi obscurioribus.

Male.—Pale cinereous fawn-colour, Antenne broadly pec-

tinated. Thorax with long hairs. Abdomen black. Wings

shining. Fore-wings rounded at the tips; costa and exterior

978 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera

border slightly convex, the latter very oblique; interior border

with very long hairs. Hind-wings darker towards the base.

Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 20 lines.

Moreton Bay.

Genus Bausora, n. g.

Mas.—Corpus crassum, dense vestitum. Fasciculus frontalis

porrectus. Proboscis obsoleta. Palpi porrecti, pilis longis

vestiti, caput superantes. Antennz breves, pectinate.

Abdomen alas posticas paullo superans. Pedes_breves,

validi, pilosi. Alz elongate, integra; anticee acutee, costa

extus sub-convexa, margine exteriore perobliquo.

Male.—Body thick, densely clothed. Frontal tuft prominent.

Proboscis obsolete. Palpi porrect, with long hairs, extending

somewhat beyond the head. Antenne short, moderately pec-

tinated. Abdomen extending a little beyond the hind-wings.

Legs short, stout, pilose. Wings elongate, entire. Fore-wings

acute ; costa slightly convex exteriorly ; exterior border slightly

convex, very oblique. Hind-wings with the interior border densely

fringed.

Baubota stauropoides.

Mas.—Pallide cinerea, capite antice ochraceo, palpis nigro-

fasciatis, alis fimbria fusco-guttata, alis anticis fusco-bilineatis,

linea exteriore e punctis nigricantibus, puncto discali albo,

costa rufescente, venis luteis, alis posticis rufescentibus.

Male.—Pale cinereous. Head ochraceous in front. Palpi

with black bands. Abdomen and disk of the thorax pale dull

ochraceous. Legs ochraceous, black, speckled with pale cinereous

hairs. Wings with brown dots on the fringe. Fore-wings irre-

gularly reddish along the costa ; veins luteous; two oblique brown

lines; Ist line deeply zigzag; 2nd hardly zigzag; a mere ex-

terior line of blackish points; discal point white, diffusedly

bordered with brown. Hind-wings reddish; underside with a

reddish, very oblique, middle band.

Length of the body 10 lines; of the wings 24 lines.

Moreton Bay.

Genus Sena, n. g.

Mas.—Corpus crassum, dense pilosum. Proboscis obsoleta,

Palpi breves, oblique decumbentes. Antenne breviuscule,

late pectinatee. Abdomen cylindricum, alas posticas sat

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 279

superans. Pedes breves, robusti, dense pilosi. Alz late,

breviusculze, costa recta, margine exterlore vix convexo.

Male.—Body thick, densely clothed. Proboscis obsolete.

Palpi short, obliquely declining. Antenne rather short, broadly

pectinated. Abdomen cylindrical, extending rather far beyond

the hind-wings. Legs short, stout, densely pilose. Wings broad,

rather short. Fore-wings slightly rounded at the tips; costa

straight ; exterior border hardly convex, moderately oblique.

Sena plusioides.

Mas.—Rufescente cinerea, alis anticis fasciis tribus obliquis

fuscis, la strigam albam includente costam versus retracta,

2a 3aque antice abbreviatis, alis posticis rufescentibus.

Male.— Reddish-cinereous. Fore-wings with three oblique

brown bands: 1st band containing an oblique shining white streak,

in front of which it is retracted and acutely angular; 2nd and 3rd

bands not extending to the costa. Hind-wings reddish, excepting

the fringe.

Length of the body 11 lines; of the wings 22 lines.

Natal.

XX. On some New Species of South African Butterflies.

By Rotanp Trimen, Esq.

[Read 2nd December, 1861.]

Tue following species of South African Rhopalocera were mostly

taken by myself in the Cape Colony in 1858—59; five were

described from un-named specimens in the British Museum, and

one has been discovered since my return to Cape Town in 1860.

Descriptions of them would have been previously published had

I not reserved them for intended publication in my “ Catalogue

of South African Butterflies,” the first volume of which is now in

the press. As, however, the publication of the latter half of my

Catalogue is unavoidably postponed, I think it advisable to publish

descriptions of the new species not comprised in the first volume

without further delay.

280 Mr. R. Trimen on some New Species

SATYRIDA, Swains.

Genus YrutuHima, Hiibn.

Yphthima Hebe.

Exp. 1 in. 4 lin.

Ochreous-brown. Fore-wing: 2 silvery-centred, black ocelli in

orange rings near hind-margin towards apex ; before them, a

brown transverse streak; beyond them, 2 sub-marginal, parallel,

linear, brown streaks. Hind-wing: a row of 5 similar, smaller

ocelli (3 next costa minute), parallel to hind-margin ; sub-marginal

streaks as in fore-wing. Underside. —Pale-yellowish, with red-

ochreous striz. Fore-wing: swelling of costal nervure at base

margined with red-ochreous; 3 transverse striz, the outermost

bifid at summit, and reaching from sub-costal nervure to inner

margin; ocelli as above, but in additional outer rings of red; sub-

marginal streaks as above. Hind-wing: 3 transverse stria;

2 other short strize in discoidal cell; a row of 6 ocelli, parallel

to hind-margin (the Jst largest), like those in fore-wing; sub-

marginal streaks as in fore-wing.

Hab. Port Natal (Plant).—Coll. Brit. Mus.

LYCAHNID&Z, Leach.

Genus Lyca#na, Fab.

Lycena Methymna.

Expands 1 in. 5 lin.—1 in. 8 lin.

$. Pale violet-blue; costa and hind margin bordered with

fuscous in both wings ; cilia conspicuously white, chequered with

fuscous. Fore-wing: a reniform fuscous spot closing discoidal cell ;

in some specimens, traces of a row of fuscous spots beyond middle.

Hind-wing: along hind margin a row of fuscous spots in bluish-

white rings ; the spot between 2nd and 3rd median nervules almost

black, bordered internally by a very: indistinct yellowish lunule.

Underside.—Brownish-grey ; ocelliform spots darker-brown, white-

edged ; in both wings, the usual two rows (transverse) of ocelli-

form spots, to the inner of which rows the large discal spot is

sometimes united. Hind-wing: near base, from 2 to 6 round,

black, white-ringed spots; a white-edged black streak, always

present, marking origin of costal nervure ; white edges of 2 rows

of ocelli suffused and filling up narrow space between rows ; spot

between 2nd and 3rd median nervules outwardly marked with

of South African Butterflies. 281

greenish-silvery ; in one specimen a similar smaller spot just above

sub-median nervure.

¢. Glistening-brown, with a brassy or coppery gloss ; spotless ;

cilia as in 6. Underside.—Quite like that of ¢ ; but inner row

of ocelli, in both wings, more irregular, that in fore-wing being

‘sometimes small, inconspicuous, or half-obliterated.

One 6 specimen in my collection has the 3rd median nervule

prolonged into a very short linear tail, but no other example that

I have seen has any trace of this appendage. The under sur-

face, in both sexes, is very variable.

The ¢ of this species is more closely allied to the European

L. Arion, Linn., than any other Lycena I am acquainted with,

but the brown @ seems to indicate an affinity to LZ. Corydon,

Adonis, and allies.

This is the largest known South African species of the genus.

It frequents hilly, sandy localities near the sea, and seems to be

very local.

Hab. Cape Town, Mossel Bay; Coll. mihii—Cape Town;

Coll. South Afr. Mus.

Lyceena Catharina.

Exp. 1 in. 1 lin.—1 in. 5 lin.

é. Dull violaceous-blue ; costa and hind-margin narrowly

bordered with greyish-brown in both wings. Hind-wing: on hind-

margin, between Ist median nervule and anal angle, from 1 to 4

bright-orange lunules, the largest between 2nd and 3rd median

nervules, and with a round black spot touching its outer edge.

Cilia whitish-grey. Underside.—Whitish-grey ; ocelliform spots

blackish or black, white-ringed ; in both wings a white-edged,

blackish streak closing cell, a sinuate row of conspicuous ocelli

beyond middle (those in hind-wing smaller and fainter than those

in fore-wing), a sub-marginal row of ill-defined, fuscous, whitish-

bordered lunules, and a single small ocellus in discoidal cell.

Hind-wing: base dusted with blackish and bluish scales; an

ocellus near base, just below sub-costal nervure ; orange lunules

paler, black spot marked outwardly with some bluish-silvery

scales.

@. Blue paler, less violaceous than in ¢. Fore-wing : costa,

apex and hind-margin very broadly bordered with greyish-brown.

Hind-wing: costal half of wing greyish-brown, some small out-

wardly whitish-edged fuscous lunules along hind-margin ; orange

lunules paler and larger than in 6, more or less confluent, black

spot larger. Underside.—Quite like that of ¢ ; spots larger, more

conspicuous.

282 Mr. R. Trimen on some New Species

This handsome species is very constant in colour and marking.

The ¢ resembles, save for its much larger size, the ¢ of L. Acca,

Westw., a very common South African species. LZ. Catharina was

common at Knysna, frequenting open ground, and seeming to

prefer grassy places.

Hab. Knysna; Coll. mihi.—King William's Town, British Kaf-

fraria; Coll. W. S. M. D’Urban.—Butterworth, Kaffraria (J. H.

Bowker); Coll. South Afr. Mus.

Lycena Niobe.

Exp. 1 in. 2 lin.—1 in. 5 lin. a

$. Dull cupreous-violaceous ; base purplish, and hind-margin

rather widely bordered with reddish-brown in both wings; spot-

less; cilia brownish in fore-wing, but white at apex, in hind-

wing brownish, with white tips throughout. Underside.— Dusky

brownish-grey ; ocelliform spots black, with pale-grey rings,

arranged as in ZL. Catharina, but no ocellus in discoidal cell of

fore-wing, and the outer row of spots hardly visible in either

wing ; space between the two rows marked by a hoary-greyish

band; close to hind-margin, a row of very indistinct, darker,

lunular spots. Hind-wing: between 2nd and 3rd median nervules,

close ‘to hind-margin, a narrow, blackish dot, tipped with ferru-

ginous internally, with greyish-blue externally; row of ocelli

interrupted, in one specimen nearly obliterated.

@. Violet brighter and better defined than in 6, forming a

patch on inner marginal half of both wings, rising very little above

median nervure, and extending a little beyond middle. Under-

side.—As in @ ; spots more conspicuous, especially that between

2nd and 3rd median nervules of hind-wing, in which the ferru-

ginous and blue colouring is distinct.

Allied to L. Catharina, but very readily distinguished by its

sombre colouring and lack of orange lunules in hind-wing. This

is a rare and local insect, three specimens taken at Knysna being

the only examples I know of. It frequents hill-sides, and in flight

and appearance resembles a small Satyrus.

Hab. Knysna.—Coll. mihi.

Lycena Knysna.

Exp. 10 lin.—11 lin.

$. Dull-violet, with a silky gloss; hind-margin of both wings

rather widely bordered with blackish ; cilia broad, whitish. Fore-

wing : costa very narrowly edged with a white line. Underside.—

Whitish-grey ; ocelli blackish, whitish-ringed ; in both wings a

of South African Butterflies. 283

sinuate row of ocelli beyond middle, a whitish-edged fuscous

streak closing discoidal cell, a distinct ocellus in cell (sometimes

an indistinct ocellus below it), and two rows of pale-fuscous,

indistinctly whitish-edged, lunular spots along hind-margin. Hind-

wing: 3 minute ocelli near base, forming with that in discoidal

cell a short row across wing; base blackish-dusted.

@. Shining greyish-brown; inner-marginal area of both wings

more or less dusted with violet-blue from base. Fore-wing: a

fuscous line closing discoidal cell. Underside.—Quite similar to

that of ¢, but all the spots more conspicuous, especially the mar-

ginal lunular rows. Fore-wing: spot below that in discoidal cell

always present, often distinct.

A specimen of the ¢ (taken in copula) in my collection is

darker on upperside than usual, with faint-bluish marking, and

with two or three faint-fuscous, outwardly whitish-edged spots

near anal angle: the underside much darker and browner; the

spots larger, blacker, conspicuously white-edged, as are also the

rows of marginal lunules; hind-wing with an additional ocellus

at base, a longitudinal, conspicuous, whitish dash from disco-

cellular streak to inner row of lunules, of which row the three

next anal angle are black. Mr. W.S.M. D’Urban has met with

precisely similar specimens in very distant localities, so that it

would seem to be a permanent variety of the species.

. This species is allied to L. Acca, Westw., but both sexes are

readily distinguished from it by the palerand more conspicuously

spotted underside and whiter cilia; and the @ by its more violet

upperside, with dark margins, four times as broad as those of the

6 Acca. The orange lunule inwardly bordering a black: spot near

anal angle of hind-wing, often so conspicuous in both sexes of

L. Acca, is never found in Knysna. The & bears considerable

resemblance above to the ¢ L. Aigon, W. V.

Not uncommon at Knysna and Plettenberg Bay ; local, haunting

waste ground, especially stubble-fields.

Hab. Cape Town, Knysna, Plettenberg Bay; Coll. mihi.—

King William’s Town, Graham’s Town, Keiskamma River, near

Bodiam, Port Elizabeth; Coll. W. S. M. D’Urban.

Genus Zeritis, Boisd.

Zeritis Croesus.

Exp. 1 in.—1 in. 3 lin.

&. Red, inclining to orange, not brilliant; with shining dark-

brown margins. Fore-wing: base suffused with dark-brown ;

284 Mr. R. Trimen on some New Species

border wide along costa and hind-margin, and very broad in apical

region (almost reaching extremity of discoidal cell); two spots in

cell, and a quadrate one closing it, all touching costal border, and

dark-brown; two similar spots between 2nd and 3rd median

nervules, one just beneath extremity of cell, the other more or less

incorporate with hind-marginal border; cilia narrow, white, in-

terrupted with brown. Hind-wing: costa from base widely,

hind-margin very narrowly, bordered with dark brown; a fuscous

streak closing cell; a sub-marginal row of blackish lunular marks,

more or less distinct; anal angle prominently lobed, ferruginous-

red, marked with a gilded dot, bearing a short, slightly-twisted,

acute tail of the same hue, white-tipped, on sub-median nervure ;

cilia mingled greyish and ferruginous. Underside.—Forewing :

dull orange-yellow, very pale on inner-margin; border varying

from cinereous to ferruginous-brown ; spots in and bordering dis-

coidal cell, transverse row of spots beyond middle, and row of dots

on costa, all with large, brilliant, greenish-golden centres ; below

median nervure, a large, dull-black, whitish-centred, gold-dotted

spot; a white, gold-dusted streak on bend of costal edge at base ;

a sub-marginal row of indistinct golden dots. Hind-wing: varies

in tint like border of fore-wing ; three transverse rows of small

golden spots, some of which are indistinct, the middle row including

a golden streak closing cell; a dark-brown, transverse shade near

hind-margin, ending on inner-margin with a golden streak.

¢ . Dull orange-yellow ; brown borders paler, narrower. Fore-

wing: base more widely suffused with brown, mingled with

ochreous; apical border not half as wide as in ¢; spots in and

about cell larger; beyond middle, a zigzag row of small, quadrate,

brown spots across wing. Hind-wing: base dark-brown to ex-

tremity of discoidal cell; costa broadly bordered; hind-margin

edged with a brown line; sub-marginal lunular row well marked,

the lunules contiguous; a more or less incomplete row of small

spots a little beyond middle, like that in fore-wing. Underside. —

Quite like that of ¢; rather paler; spots larger, the gilding

slightly paler but not less brilliant.

Antenne, in both sexes, marked beneath saith a conspicuous,

broad, white bar, just at the base of the club.

This very beautiful species plainly belongs to the Alpheus

section of Zeritis,—that most characteristic South African genus

of butterflies. Though so much smaller, Z. Croesus seems the

more typical form of the two, the elbowing of the fore-wing and

the anal-angular lobe and tail being much more prominent than

in Alpheus. At the same time these very characters, conjoined

of South African Butterflies. 285

with its upper-surface spots and under-surface gilding, render it a

beautiful link between the unspotted, ungilded Alpheus and the

angulate-winged Z. Palmus, Cram., and Thysbe, Linn., which

possess both spotting and gilding in an eminent degree.

Hab. Natal (Guienzius); Coll. Brit. Mus.—Natal (Doéhne) ;

Coll. South Afr. Mus.—King William’s Town (‘“ very abundant”);

Coll. W. S. M. D’Urban.

Zeritis Mars.

Exp. 11 lin.—1 in. 3 lin.

Bright orange-yellow, not metallic ; with dark-brown margins.

6. Fore-wing: base fuscous; yellow on costa paler, mixed

with grey; a broad dark-brown border commences abruptly on

costa a little before extremity of discoidal cell (where there is a

small, more or less distinct, brown spot), widens considerably at

apex, and continues evenly, though less broadly, to anal angle.

Hind-wing: a small dark dot, often indistinct, closing discoidal

cell; another similar spot, often rather larger, near anal angle,

just above sub-median nervure; a large, dark-brown, semi-cir-

cular, marginal space in apical region, very abruptly narrowing

into a streak (internally dentate) along hind-margin; a short,

acute, anal-angular projection of outline at extremity of sub-

median nervure. Underside.—Costa and apex of fore-wing, and

whole of hind-wing, greyish-, brownish-, ferruginous-, or san-

guineous-ochreous. Fore-wing: two black spots in discoidal cell,

and one closing it, with brilliant silvery-white centres ; an irre-

gular transverse row of similar spots beyond middle; a marginal,

blackish, macular band, almost obliterated in its upper half, but

broad and well-marked towards inner margin. Hind-wing: three

sinuate rows of glistening, sub-metallic dots across wing,—the

first, before middle, including a mark closing discoidal cell, the

third less shining, merged towards costa in a darker shade; two

glistening dots near base, one below costal nervure, the other in

cell.

@. Very similar. Fore-wing: basal suffusion much paler,

mingled with ground-colour ; dark border on costa more deeply

excavating ground-colour immediately beyond discoidal cell.

Hind-wing: spot near anal angle sometimes wanting ; anal-angular

projection blunted, rounder than in ¢. Underside.—Colouring

more vivid than in ¢, similarly variable, spots more conspicuous.

Cilia in both sexes glistening-greyish, in hind-wing varied with

ferruginous or sanguineous.

A @ specimen in my collection has the brown border of fore-

286 Mr. R. Trimen on some New Species

wing so widened as to occupy the outer two-thirds of the whole

area, with the exception of an indistinct orange spot on disc ;

while the brown marginal space in hind-wing is much larger than

usual, as well as the spot near anal angle.

Zeritis Mars is closely allied to Z. Pierus, Cram., but is

distinguished by its brighter, paler ground-colour, occupying a

larger area; its sharper anal-angular projection on hind-wing ;

want of the row of spots on hind-margins of underside ; generally

smaller size, &c. The undersides of the two species are, how-

ever, very similar, and equally subject to variation in hue. Z. Mars

was not uncommon at Knysna, though almost confined to the

hills, haunting bare sandy spots.

Hab. Knysna; Coll. mihi.— Fort Murray and Fort Hare,

British Kaffraria; Coll. W. S. M. D’Urban.

Zeritis Aglaspis.

Exp. 11 lin.—1 in. 4 lin.

@. Blackish-brown, with a dull-orange space in each wing ;

cilia broad, conspicuously white and black chequered. Fore-wing:

paler near base; orange longitudinal marking covers the three

median nervules from their origins, but ends abruptly before

hind-margins ; an elongate yellowish spot, touching orange space,

closes discoidal cell ; sometimes a faint, suffused orange dot near

apex. Hind-wing: close to hind-margin, from discoidal nervule

to sub-median nervure, an orange band, crossed by dark nervules

which dentate it both internally and externally; base and inner

margin paler. Underside.—Apex of fore-wing and whole of

hind-wing cinereous or reddish-cinereous, varied with brown, and

marked with glistening whitish-silvery spots. Fore-wing: orange-

yellow; inner-margin very much paler, white at anal angle; two

black-ringed whitish-silvery spots in discoidal cell, and another

closing it; two similar dots close to costa beyond middle; a con-

spicuous, oblique, silvery streak from apex commences a bi-angu-

late row of silvery dots extending to 3rd median nervule; a

macular stripe close to margin, silvery-white in its upper, fuscous

in its lower half. Hind-wing: nervures pale cinereous ;. whitish-

silvery marks thinly black-edged ; a dot at base; two in cell, and

a large triangular spot closing it; two streaks from costal con-

verge to sub-costal nervure ; beyond middle, a transverse, zigzag,

macular stripe from costa to inner margin; a row of very acute,

contiguous lunules along hind-margin, sometimes bordered in-

wardly with a rosy-ferruginous streak. Cilia white chequered

ochreous-brown in both wings.

of South African Butterflies. 287

¢@. Paler, duller. Fore-wing: orange spot near apex dis-

tinct, elongate-lunular, and united to central orange space by two

similar Junular marks below it. Hind-wing: orange band very

slightly dentate on either edge. Underside in every respect like

that of ¢.

The relations of this species to others of the genus are very

curious and interesting. Its colouring and underside markings

give it considerable resemblance to Z. Thyra, Linn., from which

it is at once distinguished by the broad, conspicuous cilia,

the narrowness of the orange in hind-wing, and the different

arrangement and far greater brilliancy of the whitish-silvery

under-surface markings. In structure, however, it differs widely

from Thyra,—the palpi being stouter, blunter, more porrect, the

antenne shorter, more gradually inerassate, the thorax less robust,

the fore-wings less acute, and the hind-wings without any elonga-

tion in anal-angular region, indeed the abdomen is very nearly

(in the @ within } lin.)‘as long as inner margin. The last cha-

racter, as well as the roundness of the wings and broad cilia,

indicate some affinity with Z. Protumnus, Linn., while the others

are nearly those presented by Z. Thero, Linn., which is totally

different in form of wings. The antenne coincide more closely

with those of Z. Pierus and Z. Mars than of other species.

I discovered this very distinct and handsome species in March,

1860, on the hills near Cape Town, I at first took it for a finely-

marked Thyra, as it pitched on the ground and on stones. It is

extremely local, but common in its favourite haunts; and 1s

often to be taken with the fingers, never flying more than a few

yards when roused.

Hab. Cape Town.—Coll. mihi.

HESPERID4Z, Leach.

Genus IsMENE, Sws.

Ismene Stella.

Exp. 1 in. 10 lin.—2 in. 1 lin.

$. Dull ochreous-brown. Fore-wing: an orange mark on

costa at base. Hind-wing: much darker than fore-wing, espe-

cially at anal angle, and clothed with orange hairs except near

costa and hind-margin; cilia orange from anal angle for more

than half the extent of hind-margin, fading thence into greyish.

Underside.—Tinged with bronzed-green. Fore-wing: on inner-

margin, about middle, a dull-whitish space. Hind-wing: before

288 Mr. R. Trimen on some New Species

anal angle, between 3rd median nervule and sub-median nervure,

an orange-red marking, divided by a black band; below this

mark, an orange spot on inner margin; orange fringe as above.

@. Rather paler; the orange colouring much paler. Under-

side.—Fore-wing: no whitish space.

Hab. Port Natal.—Coll. Brit. Mus.

Genus Pyreus, Hiibn.

Pyrgus Elma.

Exp. 10 lin.—1 in. 1 lin.

Dark-brown, varied with lighter, and with vitreous and white

spots. Fore-wing: dark as far as middle, which is crossed by a

curved blackish streak; beyond streak the wing is light-brown,

with some darker shades and dashes; a vitreous streak closes

cell, contiguous to blackish streak; near it, between Ist and

3rd median nervules, two small vitreous spots, the lower one

larger, quadrate ; a transverse line of three contiguous, minute,

vitreous spots on costa, not far from apex ; cilia varied light and

dark brownish. Hind-wing: almost black ; a small, round white

spot in discoidal cell, near base; about middle, a conspicuous,

rather wide, white band, from Ist sub-costal nervule to sub-

median nervure; traces of a sub-marginal row of whitish dots ;

anal-angular region hoary; cilia whitish, varied greyish and dark-

brown. Underside.—Rather glossy, much paler; dull brownish-

ochreous. Fore-wing: vitreous marks as above; an indistinct

sub-marginal row of whitish dots. Hind-wing: an additional

white dot above that in cell, the two forming a short, transverse

streak ; white band commences on costa; whitish at anal angle,

extending along inner margin, sometimes conspicuous.

The @ is paler than the ¢.

Pyrgus Elma differs from all other South African species of

the genus I have seen in the presence of vitreous, and want of

white spots in the fore-wings ; but the hind-wings are quite like

those of an ordinary Pyrgus. The vitreous markings and brownish

fore-wings seem to indicate an approach to Nisoniades (Thanaos).

Haunts sandy spots and pathways in bushy places, outskirts of

woods, &c.

Hab. Mossel Bay, Knysna, Plettenberg Bay; Coll. mihi.—

King William’s Town ; Coll. W. S. M. D’Urban.—Cape of Good

Hope; Coll. of Hesperidee (Boisduval’s?) in Brit. Mus.

I possess four, if not five, distinct South African species of

of South African Butterflies, 289

Pyrgus,—one of which appears to be Cramer’s Vindex ; but have

hitherto found it impossible to ascertain whether the Linnaean and

Fabrician descriptions really apply to any of them. In my present

state of uncertainty regarding them, I think it better to defer

describing them until more complete investigation. I entirely

agree with Dr. Boisduval’s remarks in his ‘ Faune Entomologique

de Madagascar,” that ‘il est a-peu-prés impossible de recon-

‘noitre la plupart des Hespéries de Fabricius, d’aprés ses descrip-

tions incompletes ; il arrive trés-souvent qu'une de ses phrases

Latines convient a une vingtaine d’espéces.”

Genus NisonrapeEs, Hibn,

Nisoniades Umbra.

Exp. 1 in.

-Dark-brown, dusted with yellowish and whitish scales ; a few

small vitreous spots. Fore-wing: a conspicuous darker triangle,—

its broad base on inner margin, its apex on costal nervure,—a

little before middle; on the outer edge of this marking are a

sub-diaphanous spot close to costa, and a vitreous litura (like a ?

reversed) bordering it between 1st median nervule and sub-median

nervure; a smaller dark triangle on costa rather beyond middle,

its base on Ist median nervule, outwardly edged by a line of

3 small vitreous dots; traces of a sub-marginal dark streak from

_ apex; cilia greyish, interrupted with dark-brown. Hind-wing:

a vitreous or sub-diaphanous dot about extremity of discoidal

cell, sometimes obsolete traces of two darker fascize about middle ;

cilia as in fore-wing. Underside.—Dull-ferruginous ; vitreous spots

as above. Fore-wing: edges only of dark triangles faintly indi-

cated; about extremity of cell a brighter, almost orange space.

Hind-wing: fascize more distinct, sometimes well marked.

The hind-margins of the wings of this sombre little species are

rather more dentate than in others of the genus; there is a marked

indentation of outline a little above anal angle of fore-wing, and

two others in upper half of hind-margin of hind-wing. In general

appearance and in its habits it reminds one of N. Tages, Linn.

It was rather rare at Plettenberg Bay, frequenting stony footpaths

on hill-sides. Mr. D’Urban has met with it abundantly on the

Eastern frontier.

Hab. Plettenberg Bay; Coll. mihi—King William’s Town ;

Coll. W. S. M. D’Urban.—Butterworth, Kaffraria (J. H. Bowker);

Coll. South Afr. Mus.

VOL. 1. THIRD SERIES, PART 111.—auGusT, 1562. U

290 Mr. R. Trimen on some New Species

Genus Pampuita, Fab.

Pamphila Micipsa.

Exp. 1 in. 5 lin.—1 in. 8 lin. ©

$. Glossy-brown, tinged with olivaceous ; marked with vitreous

spots. Fore-wing: 2 vitreous spots in cell, near its extremity ;

beyond middle, a transverse elbowed row of 6 vitreous spots,

the 2 next costa minute, the last largest, above 3rd median nervule ;

sexual oblique marking short, linear, whitish, reaching from last

vitreous spot to sub-median nervure. Hind-wing: 2 vitreous dots

beyond middle between 2nd sub-costal and Ist median nervules;

clothing of hairs towards inner-margin olivaceous. Underside.—

Paler, irrorated with olivaceous. Hind-wing: a whitish, sub-

diaphanous dot in discoidal cell; 2 similar, smaller dots beyond

middle,—one above, the other below, 2 vitreous dots.

@. Paler. Fore-wing: in place of the streak peculiar to ¢ is

a vitreous spot, continuous of the transverse row.

This species is nearly allied to P. Borbonica, Boisd., described

and figured in ‘“‘Faune Ent. de Madagas.,” but is distinguished

from it by the well-marked vitreous spots in discoidal cell of fore-

wing, and the two in hind-wing, all of which are wanting in

Borbonica, which is also without the whitish spot on underside

of discoidal cell of hind-wing; the ¢ of Borbonica, as appears

from a Mauritian specimen in the South African Museum, is de-

void, too, of the oblique discal streak observable in the same sex

of P. Micipsa,—its position being occupied by a vitreous spot. I

found P. Micipsa very rare at Knysna, only taking one specimen

of each sex: it frequented the marshes bordering the river-lagoon.

Hab. Knysna.—Coll. mihi.

Pamphila Erinnys.

Exp. 2 in. 1 lin.

Dark-brown ; with yellow-ochreous and vitreous spots. Fore-

wing : from base, along inner-margin, a clothing of short, yellow

hairs ; 2 small, quadrate, vitreous spots at extremity of discoidal

cell; 3 small similar spots forma short streak from costa, between

middle and apex; below them, from origin of 2nd median nervule

to sub-median nervure, a row of 3 larger, vitreous spots (the

lowest tinged with yellow) inclining towards middle of inner-

margin. Hind-wing: clothed with yellow hairs from base; an

angulated, transverse, macular, yellow-ochreous band from near

costa to middle of sub-median nervure,—the first three spots

of South African Butterflies. 291

separate; a yellow space at anal angle, extending narrowly along

hind-margin, Underside.—Paler. Fore-wing : a whitish mark on

costa, above disco-cellular vitreous marks; a dentate, sub-mar-

ginal, pale yellow-ochreous streak from costa. Hind-wing: two

pale, dull-ochreous, macular bands across central region; some

scattered spots at base ; anal-angular and marginal yellow-ochreous

marking paler than above.

A single specimen of this fine Pamphila is in the British Museum.

Hab, Port Natal.—Coll. Brit. Mus.

XXI. Descriptions of Nine Exotic Species of the Genus

Gracilaria. By H. T. Srainton, Esq., F.L.S. &e.

[Read Jan. 6th, 1862.]

In preparing the eighth volume of the “ Natural History of the

Tineina,” my attention has been drawn to the species of Gracilaria

which occur out of Europe; and finding that I had at least nine

species which seemed referable to this genus, I thought that a

short paper descriptive of them, and illustrated by a plate, might

be acceptable for the Transactions of this Society.

In structure all the nine species present a wonderful accord-

ance, only two being at all aberrant, and those not to a sufficient

extent to warrant the creation of new genera.

Four of these insects have been made known to us by the

labours of Mr. Sylvester Diggles, at Moreton Bay (Figs. 1, 2,

3 and 7); for the remaining five I have to thank Mr. Atkinson,

of Calcutta. To all the beauties of form which prevail through-

out the genus Gracilaria, it will be seen that most of these insects

superadd the charms of colour and marking.

Gracilaria formosa, n. sp. (PI. X. fig. 1.)

Alis anticis puniceis, strigis septem obliquis costalibus albis

(quarum tres posteriores obscure marginata), quinque dor-

salibus dilute luteis albidisve, strigaque apicis alba cum

puncto nigro.

Exp. al. 5—5$ lin.

Head pale-yellow or whitish, with a crimson streak down the

centre and at the sides. Face white, slightly speckled with

crimson. Maxillary palpi. white, with a faint crimson tinge.

292 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Descriptions of

Labial palpi white, more or less suffused with crimson, and in-

distinctly marked specimens with three small black spots exter-

nally. Antenne pale fuscous, the basal joint in front pale

yellow, behind and the tip crimson.

Anterior wings crimson, with seven oblique white streaks from

the costa, and five from the inner margin (the first four on the

inner margin are frequently yellow), and with a white streak at

the apex, in which is a black spot. The four first costal streaks

are of rather irregular form, and not dark-margined; the 5th, 6th

and 7th are more regular in form, distinctly dark-margined, and

their lower portion is suffused with the crimson ground-colour ;

the intervening costal space between the Sth and Gth streaks is

also whitish. The first dorsal spot is very small; the second

reaches to the fold (though sometimes the upper part of it is de-

tached from the base); the third and fourth cross the fold, and

are there whiter (less yellow) than on the inner margin; the fifth

streak is a slender white one at the anal angle, and is rather indis-

tinctly dark-margined. Before the apex is. a curved white streak,

in which there is a distinct round black spot, from beyond which

two crimson rays intersect the pale yellow cilia. Cilia of the inner

margin grey.

Posterior wings dark grey, with grey cilia.

Thorax yellowish-white, with the sides and a central streak

crimson, sometimes much suffused with crimson. Abdamen

greyish-fuscous, beneath silvery. 7

Anterior legs with femora silvery, spotted with crimson; tibia

crimson; tarsi—first joint crimson, with the apex dark fuscous ;

other joints white, tipped with fuscous. Middle legs with the

femora and tibize crimson, speckled with white; tarsi white,

spotted with brown-black. Posterior legs beneath silvery, above

with the tibiae pale-fuscous, and the tarsi whitish, spotted with black.

A variable insect; in some specimens the crimson ground-

colour is very bright; in others it is much suffused with grey,

and looks dingy ; the dorsal spots also vary from white or whitish

to canary-yellow. e

It is a true Gracilaria in every respect, and when alive must be

magnificent.

_ All the specimens I have seen were captured by Mr. Sylvester

Diggles, at Moreton Bay, North Australia.

In the Collection of the British Museum, and in my own.

Gracilaria plagata, n. sp. (PI. X. fig. 2:)

Alis -anticis ochraceo-griseis, olivaceo-tinctis, -fascia ‘obliqua

Nine Exotic Species of the Genus Gracilaria, 293

saturatiore pone medium, et post eam plaga magna czeruleo-

nigra, fascia tenui recta alba ante punctum apicali nigrum.

Exp. al. 53 lin.

Head greyish-ochreous, with a faint olive tinge. Face pale

greyish-ochreous. Maxillary palpi white, spotted with dark

fuscous. Labial palpi white, with the base of the 2nd joint and

two spots on the terminal joint dark fuscous. Antennz pale

fuscous, with darker annulations; the 2nd joint elongate, pale

ochreous-grey in front, dark fuscous behind.

Anterior wings greyish-ochreous with a faint olive tinge, with

an oblique, darker fascia beyond the middle, followed by a large,

irregularly-shaped blue-black blotch; before the apical black

spot is a slender whitish fascia, perpendicularly placed. The

basal portion of the wing is rather irregularly marbled on a

-paler ground-colour, the first defined marking being the oblique

fascia, which is anteriorly edged with blackish, and broadest on

the inner margin; the blotch beyond this begins on the disc,

sharply edged with black; it then extends to the costa, along

which it attains a considerable breadth, enclosing (on one wing)

a small costal spot of the pale ground-colour; it slopes gradually

towards the inner margin, which it reaches just at the anal angle ;

its outer edge is pretty well defined by black scales, and it is

followed immediately by a slightly oblique fascia of the pale

eround-colour towards the costa, but much suffused towards the

inner margin. Then follows a fuscous patch nearly of the colour

of the central fascia; it is intersected by an oblique black streak,

beyond which is the slender, dark-margined, perpendicularly-

placed, white fascia; at the apex is a minute black spot. Cilia

olive-brown, paler towards the tips, intersected by two blackish

lines ; cilia of the inner margin dark grey.

Posterior wings dark grey, with grey cilia.

Thorax greyish-ochreous, with a faint olive tinge.

Anterior legs: femora and tibiae dark brown; tarsi white,

spotted with dark brown. Middle legs: femora whitish-grey ;

tibiz dark brown; tarsi white, spotted with dark brown. Pos-

terior legs: femora and tibize whitish- grey; tarsi whitish, spotted

with dark fuscous.

A true Gracilaria, reminding one slightly of G. Syringella.

I have only seen a single specimen (of which the abdomen is

wanting); it was captured by Mr. Sylvester Diggles, at Moreton

Bay, North Australia.

In my own Collection. —

294 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Descriptions of

Gracilaria albo-marginata, n. sp. (PI. X. fig. 3.)

Alis anticis saturate griseis dorso niveo, costa pone medium

anguste nivea, puncto apicis atro, postice nigro cireumcincto.

Exp. al. 43 lin.

Head white, with a few grey scales. Face white. Labial

palpi white, with a dark grey ring before the apex of the 2nd

juint, and with.the base and tip of the terminal joint greyish.

Maxillary palpi white, very minute. Antennze white, with grey

anoulations.

Anterior wings dark brownish-grey, with a narrow white stripe

all along the inner margin, and with the costa narrowly white

from the middle to near the apex. The margins of these streaks

are not sharply defined ; that on the inner margin especially is

very jagged, making several indentations into the dark portion of

the wing; at the apex is a minute black spot, with a bluish tinge

in certain lights; the hind margin is expressed in black scales.

Cilia grey, intersected by a row of blackish scales round the hind

margin, and with a tendency to a small projecting blackish hook.

Posterior wings grey, with greyish-brown cilia.

Anterior legs with white femora; the tibiz dark grey exter-

nally, white internally; the tarsi white, with two broad, dark

grey blotches. Middle legs: femora white; tibiz dark grey,

with white blotches; tarsi white. Hind-legs whitish; tarsi

white, spotted with dark grey. All the legs have an unusually

hairy appearance.

This appears to be one of the smaller Gracilaria, with ill-

developed maxillary palpi; but the only specimen I have seen

has the antennze broken and the abdomen wanting, and the thorax

too injured for description.

The insect has considerable resemblance with some of the

phases of Lyonetia padifoliella, but it cannot be referred to the

genus Lyonetia.

The specimen described was captured by Mr. Sylvester Diggles,

at Moreton Bay, North Australia.

In my own Collection.

Gracilaria resplendens, n. sp. (Pl. X. fig. 4.)

Alis anticis lete brunneis, maculis tribus transversis nitide

albis, prima ac secunda trigonales, tertia sub-quadrata.

Exp. al. 43 lin.

Head white, with a small ochreous white tuft on each side above

Nine Exotic Species of the Genus Gracilaria. 295

the eyes. Face whitish. Maxillary and labial palpi whitish,

Antennze longer than the anterior wings, dark grey; the basal

joint rather thickened, and above with a short projecting tuft of

grey scales as in Coleophora.

Anterior wings rich yellowish-brown, with three large trans-

verse pearly-white spots. The first somewhat triangular, near

the base, broadest on the inner margin, its apex only just reaching

the costa; the second more completely triangular, nearly in the

middle of the wing, its base on the inner margin, its apex almost

reaching the costa, but not touching it; the third spot is towards

the apex, rather obliquely placed, and rather broader on the costa

than on the inner mirgin; all three are dark-margined on both

sides; beyond the black outer margin of the last spot are two black

streaks in the pale brown cilia; cilia of the inner margin grey.

Posterior wings dark grey, with grey cilia.

Legs white, the ends of the tibiee dark grey and the tarsi spotted

with grey.

Excepting in the tufts on the sides of the head, and the tuft at

the basal joint of the antenna, this appears to be a true Gracilaria.

In the only specimen I have seen the abdomen is wanting, the

thorax is too injured for description, and the legs are not in such

good condition as one would wish.

It was captured near Calcutta by ae Atkinson, who kindly

gave it to me.

In my own Collection.

Gracilaria quadrifasciata, n. sp. (PI. X. fig. 5.)

Alis anticis albis, fasciis quatuor luteo-brunneis obliquis, tertia

cum quarta a strigula discoidali connexa, squamisque sparsis

nigris.

Exp. al. 3 lin.

Head and face whitish. Labial palpi white, faintly spotted

with pale grey. Maxillary palpi imperceptible. Antennz white

at the base, then fuscous, with paler annulations.

Anterior wings white, with four rather oblique tawny-brown

fascize (the 3rd and 4th united by a streak along the disc), and

between them a few scattered black scales; the first fascia lies

near the base and is rather furcate towards the costa, inclosing a

white spot there; the second fascia is placed a little before, and

the third a little beyond the middle; from the middle of the latter

a tawny-brown streak runs along the disc, connecting it with the

fourth fascia; this on one wing (the right one) is rather clearly

296 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Descriptions of

furcate on both margins, but on the other wing this tendency is

hardly perceptible; in the apex is a small violet spot; cilia pale

grey, intersected by some dark scales round the hind margin.

Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia.

Abdomen above grey, beneath pearly-white, with black bars.

Anterior legs: tibiae white, with a dark grey patch at the base

and another at the tip; tarsi white, spotted with black; middle

legs—femora whitish ; tibiae white, with two black blotches; tarsi

white, with black spots. Posterior legs: femora whitish; tibiz

and tarsi white, with black spots.

I believe this to be a true Gracilaria, though of the smaller

group, in which sometimes the maxillary palpi are undeveloped.

It reminds one considerably of the European G. Cupediella.

I have before me eleven specimens bred from larve found near

Calcutta by Mr. Atkinson, who kindly sent them to me.

Five were bred from larvee mining the under side of the leaves

of Urena lobata; six were bred from larve mining the wpper side

of the leaves of another plant (name unknown), but the perfect

insects appear identical.

I annex Mr. Atkinson’s descriptions of the two larvae :—

“ Larva Minine Leaves or Urena topata, May 25th, 1856.

—Very pale whitish-green, dorsal vessel deep green; head small;

jaws light chesnut ; legs concolorous with the body.

“ The larva first detaches the lower cuticle for the full extent

of the mine, and then proceeds to devour the parenchyma.”

‘“LARVA ON ————————? June 4th, 1856.—Of a uniform

brilliant amber-yellow, transparent, smooth, with slight depressions

on the sides of each segment; jaws reddish; the alimentary canal,

when full, gives the appearance of a deep green band down the

back.

“The larva at first mines a very irregularly-contorted gallery

under the upper cuticle, and whilst engaged in this operation it

only consumes the juices which unite the cuticle with the paren-

chyma. Gradually the greater part or the whole of the surface

occupied by this gallery is mined, so as to form one chamber.

The upper cuticle becomes wrinkled, and slightly contorts the

leaf, so as to form a spacious apartment, and the larva proceeds

to devour the parenchyma. The leaf is not discoloured, but ap-

pears blotched with white, from the colourless upper cuticle.

“When full grown the larva quits the mine, and forms a com-

pact orange or vermilion coloured cocoon, in a depression of a

leaf, or any other convenient plaee. After a few days the pupa

thrusts one end through the cocoon, and the moth escapes.”

Nine Exotic Species of the Genus Gracilaria, 297

Gracilaria Gemoniella, n. sp. (PI. X. fig. 6.)

Alis anticis costam versus fuscis, dorsum versus albis, strigula

alba costee pone medium, strigula fusca dorsi ad angulum

analem, macula magna apicis alba.

Exp. al. 3 lin. i

_ Head white, with a few fuscous scales. Face white. Maxillary

palpi white. Labial palpi white, the tip of the second joint dark

grey. Antenne fuscous, annulated with white.

Anterior wings pale brown along the costa, white along the inner

margin; the division of colour runs nearly along the fold, only in

the middle and just beyond are two rounded white projections on

the costal side of the fold; beyond these is a short white oblique

streak from the costa, and below it a slender pale brown streak runs.

to the anal angle—beyond which a white blotch occupies nearly

the whole of the tip of the wing, the costa being only narrowly

brown—at the apex is a short curved black streak. Cilia white,

with the tips grey, intersected bya short black streak, opposite the

apex of the wing; cilia of the inner margin pale greyish-brown.

Posterior wings dark grey, with paler cilia.

Abdomen brownish above, whitish beneath.

Anterior legs: femora and tibiae white; tarsi white, with dark

grey spots. Middle legs : femora whitish ; tibize white, with a dark

grey patch at the tip; tarsi white, spotted with pale grey. Hind

legs: femora whitish; tibize pale fuscous; tarsi dark grey, with

white spots. i

I have only seen one specimen, of which the antennz are partly

broken, and the thorax invisible on account of the pin. It isa

true Gracilaria, and is closely allied to Scalariella, being similar

in colour and markings, though so much smaller. The large sub-

apical spot in Gemoniella is the most striking distinctive cha-

racter, as in Scalariella that portion of the wing is nearly all

brown. In Scalariella the anterior tibize are almost black.

This insect was bred by Mr. Atkinson from a larva found near

* Calcutta, at the end of July, mining the upper surface of a leaf of

some plant (name unknown).

Gracilaria Calicella,n. sp. (PI. X. fig. 7.)

Alis anticis luteo-brunneis, fasciis duabus, maculis duabus costz

parvis, macula majore dorsi, strigulaque obliqua apicis albis.

Exp. al. 3 lin.

Head and face white. Maxillary and labial palpi white. An-

tennee grey, with hardly perceptibly paler annulations.

298 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Descriptions of

Anterior wings pale golden-brown, with several distinct white

markings, namely, two fasciee, two small costal spots, one large

dorsal spot, and an oblique apical streak. The first fascia is near

the base, rather obliquely placed, being nearest the base on the

inner margin, it is not dark-margined; the second fascia is rather

obliquely placed, of irregular form, broadest on the fold and much

attenuated towards the costa, it is distinctly dark-margined; the

two costal spots are both small, especially the second, rather ob-

liquely placed and dark-margined ; between them, on the inner

margin, is the much larger dorsal spot, only dark-margined on its

anterior edge; the oblique apical streak begins on the costa beyond

the second costal spot, and runs out in the middle of the hind

margin; it is very distinctly dark-margined on its anterior edge.

Cilia pale grey, intersected by a cup-shaped black streak.

Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia.

Abdomen grey above, beneath pearly white, with dark grey

bands. .

Anterior legs: femora whitish, with a dark grey blotch; tibiz

blackish ; tarsi white, with black spots. Middle legs: femora and

tibia whitish; tarsi white, with black spots. Posterior legs:

femora whitish; tibize pale grey; tarsi white, with black spots.

This is a true Gracilaria.

I have only seen one specimen (of which the thorax is imper-

ceptible from the pin). It was captured by Mr. Sylvester Diggles,

at Moreton May, North Australia.

In my own Collection.

Gracilaria Terminalie, Atkinson, in litt. (PI. X. fig. 8.)

Alis anticis saturate brunneis, fasciis duabus, prima ad dorsum

cum basim connexa, secunda fere recta in medio, strigulaque

sub-apicali costze albis; interdum puncto costali pone meé-

dium albido valde obsoleto.

Exp. al. 3 lin.

Head and face white. Maxillary palpi white. Labial palpi

white, with the tip of the second joint grey. Antenne dark

fuscous, with the basal joint white.

Anterior wings rich dark-brown, with two white fasciee, broadest

on the inner margin, and with a white costal spot towards the

apex. The first white fascia is near the base and is connected

with the base along the inner margin, it is much attenuated on

the costa; the second fascia is nearly in the middle of the wing,

and tapers gradually towards the costa; both these are dark-

Nine Exotic Species of the Genus Gracilaria. 299

margined on both sides. Beyond the second fascia is a minute

costal spot, sometimes imperceptible or only revealed by faint in-

dications of its dark margins; just before the apex is the distinct

costal white spot slightly curved, and terminating a little beyond

the anal angle; in the extreme apex are yet a few whitish scales,

followed by a curved black line; cilia brownish grey.

Posterior wings grey, with greyish fuscous cilia.

Thorax white. Abdomen grey above, beneath white, with dark

grey bands.

Anterior legs: femora white, tibia dark grey, tarsi white,

spotted with black ; middle legs—femora white, spotted with dark

grey ; tibize white, with a grey spot in the middle, and a larger

dark grey spot at the tip; tarsi white, spotted with dark grey.

Posterior legs: femora white, spotted with dark grey; tibize dark

grey, with the base and tip white; tarsi white, with large dark

grey spots.

A true Gracilaria. J have before me four specimens bred by

Mr. Atkinson, from larvee found near Calcutta, mining the under

side of the leaves of Terminalia Catappa.

Mr. Atkinson describes the larva as “ small but very active.

It detaches the lower cuticle over a wide extent of surface: it de-

vours both layers of parenchyma, not continuously, but in very

small oblong patches, so that the upper surface of the mined por-

tion of the leaf, which is blotched with purple, appears thickly

sprinkled over with white dots. The lower cuticle, which is de-

tached, is very thin and transparent, and, by slightly contracting,

it curves the upper portion of the leaf, so as to form a very

spacious vaulted chamber for the little resident.”

“On attaining its full growth, the larva leaves the mine and

spins in some convenient corner a compact white cocoon.’

Gracilaria nitidula, n. sp. (Pl. X. fig. 9.)

Alis anticis olivaceo-fuscis, macula dorsali prope basim, fascia

(ad costam attenuata) ante medium, maculis oppositis pone

medium, strigulaque obliqua apicem versus margaritaceis.

Exp. al. 33 lin.

Head and face white. Maxillary palpi white. Labial palpi

white, the second joint with two grey spots, one in the middle

and one at the tip. Antenne grey.

Anterior wings bright olive-brown, with pearly white markings,

300 Nine Exotic Species of the Genus Gracilaria.

viz., a dorsal spot near the base, a fascia before the middle, two

spots obliquely opposite beyond, and an oblique sub-apical streak.

The first spot lies on the inner margin, very near the base, it

is very small and not dark-margined ; the fascia is broad on the

inner margin, but attenuated almost to a point on the costa, it

is distinctly dark-margined on both sides; a little beyond the

middle is the small rounded costal spot, and obliquely beyond it

is the larger dorsal spot, also rounded, both have dark margins ;

a little before the apex is a short oblique white streak from the

costa running into the hind margin; at the extreme apex are a

few white scales, followed by some blackish ones; cilia grey.

Posterior wings rather dark grey, with paler cilia.

Thorax white. Abdomen grey above, beneath whitish, with

grey bands.

Anterior and middle legs—femora and tibize black, with some

white spots, tarsi white, spotted with black; posterior legs—

femora and tibiz whitish, tarsi white, spotted with black.

A single specimen is before me. It was captured by Mr.

Atkinson, near Calcutta.

CEOS

XXII. Characters of New Species of Exotic Trichoptera ;

also of one New Species inhabiting Britain. By

R. M‘Lacutan, Esq., F.L.S.

[Read 6th January, 1862.]

Tue exotic species here described are for the most part contained

in the national collection, and are natives of China, Australia and

New Zealand.

It has been found necessary to construct several new genera for

the reception of species, which, even with the most liberal ideas as

to the elasticity of generic characters, will not fit satisfactorily into

any already existing genus. This is but an effect of the meagre

knowledge we possess of insects of this order from distant quar-

ters. When the wide diversity from European forms exhibited in

exotic insects of other orders is taken into consideration, it is not

surprising that these should present equal differences, almost un-

known as they at present are.

With. respect to the geographical distribution of Trichopterous

families, one very remarkable fact strikes the observer, viz. that.

apparently no species belonging to the two great families Phryga-

nide and Limnephilide are found south of the equator; certainly

none have yet been described. These appear to have their

metropolis in the cold and temperate regions of the northern

hemisphere, and decline in numbers as we proceed south, till in

the tropics they are very few, and at the equator seem to disappear

entirely. That some may yet be discovered is of course possible,

but taking into consideration that they are usually insects of large

size, likely to attract attention, I think«it certain that if they be

not altogether wanting, they must be very scarce. te

Fully as many more undescribed exotic species from the old

world are contained in the national collection, and a considerable

number from North and South America, but as a synopsis of the

American Neuroptera (including the Trichoptera) by Dr. Hagen

is on the eve of publication by the Smithsonian Institution,* the

determination or description of these latter must be deferred till

its appearance.

* This Work hassince been published, and contains descriptions of 150 species

of North American Trichoptera, and a catalogue of 23 species from South

America.

302 Mr. R. M‘Lachlan’s Characters of

Family PHRYGANIDE.

Genus CoLpromERA, n.g.

Male.—Antenne scarcely so long as the wings, broad, laterally

compressed, basal joint very short ; head elongated and attenuated

posteriorly ; eyes prominent, slightly prolonged posteriorly; max-

illary palpi with the basal joint very short, three succeeding joints

longer, of equal length, the lower side very concave ; labial palpi

with the first and second joints short, broad, concave below, some-

what pyriform, terminal joint elliptical and longer than the others ;

prothorax very short; mesothorax oval-elongate, rather angular

at the sides; thighs with a deep groove on the inner side, smooth ;

tibize and tarsi strongly spinose, spurs 2.4.4,

Anterior wings sparingly clothed with very short hairs, the

costa slightly arched; hind margin very oblique, with three

sinuations; the first commencing immediately below the apex,

and with the second short, the third long, reaching to the anal

angle ; veins strong, not differing materially in their arrangement

from Phryganea, posterior wings with the apex produced and

obtusely rounded.

The sinuated hinder margin of the anterior wings will alone

readily distinguish this genus.

C, sinensis.

Mas.—Antennis nigris; palpis ochraceis, articulis ultimis nigris,

capite oculisque testaceis, his nitidis, obsolete nigro-punctatis ;

thorace fusco; abdomine brunneo-ochraceo; pedibus tes-

taceis, tibiis serie duplici nigro-maculatis; alis anticis pallide

testaceis, confertim fusco-reticulatis et nebulosis, venis apica-

libus late fusco-marginatis; posticis aurantiacis, apicibus

fuscis.

Long, corp. 93 lin. ; exp. alar. 24 lin.

Male.—Antennz black ; palpi ochreous, the terminal joint of

both pairs black ; head testaceous, sparingly clothed with short,

grey hairs; eyes shining, minutely spotted with black; collar

clothed with long grey hairs directed backwards; thorax brown-

ish; abdomen brownish-ochreous; legs testaceous, tibize with two

rows of black spots, from each spot springs a spine, tips of the

tibial and tarsal joints blackish; anterior wings yellowish-brown,

thickly reticulated and clouded with fuscous, the terminations of

the apical veins broadly margined with fuscous, a conspicuous pale

New Species of Exotic Trichoptera. 303

spot at the base of the third apical cell, veins dark fuscous, the

anastomosis at the base of the fourth apical cell, and at the

arculus, as well as the thyridium, hyaline, when viewed against the

light ; posterior wings deep orange, the tips broadly fuscous.

Habitat, North China, In the British Museum.

Fam. SERICOSTOMID#.

Genus CiconEssus, n. g.

Male.—Antenne about the length of the wings, basal joint

short, and rather thick, not so long as the head; head quadrate ;

maxillary palpi oval-elongate, much swollen, curved up in front

of the head, their apices, viewed from above, appearing as two

rounded tubercles between the antennz, moderately hairy;

labial palpi with the basal joint short, second and third of equal

length, long; anterior tibize with two short spurs, intermediate

aud posterior, each with four long unequal spurs.

Anterior wings rather short and broad, very slightly hairy, the

costa much arched, apical margin almost straight; the costa from

the base to the pterostigma is narrowly folded inwards; discoidal

cell long and narrow, the ramus thyrifer does not fork before the

anastomosis, and from this cause there are only eight apical cells;

the anastomosis is complete and very oblique from the third

apical cell, the lower part is not connected with the inner margin

by a transverse vein, and the last apical cell is continued from the

apex to near the base of the wing, the apical portion being very

broad; near the base of the third apical cell in all four wings is

a small round hyaline spot ; posterior wings broad, folded; dis-

coidal cell short and triangular.

This genus, although very characteristic of the family, differs

in a marked degree from all others. The anomalous arrangement

of the venation is somewhat extraordinary, even in this family,

where singularity of structure appears to be the rule.

@&. Maori.

Mas.-—Antennis_pallide-ochraceis; oculis nigricantibus vix

orichalceo-reticulatis; capite, thorace, abdomineque rufo-brun-

neis; pedibus rufo-ochraceis; alis anticis ferrugineo-brunneis,

confertim albido-irroratis, maculis elongatis ad marginem

dorsalem albido et brunneo alternatis; posticis sub-hyalinis,

brunneo-tinctis.

Long. corp. 34 lin. ; exp. alar. 10 lin.

804 Mr. R. M‘Lachlan’s Characters of

Male.—Antenne pale ochreous; eyes blackish, slightly re-

ticulated with brassy; head, thorax and abdomen reddish-brown;

legs reddish-ochreous ; anterior wings rusty-brown, thickly

irrorated with whitish spots, which are larger towards the

base; on the inner margin are three elongated whitish spots,

alternating with others of the dark ground-colour; posterior

wings sub-hyaline, tinged with brownish.

Habitat, New Zealand.

This insect, at first sight, has a somewhat deceptive HESSIAN

to Hydropsyche finonante.

Fam. HYDROPTILIDE.

Genus Hyproptita, Dalman.

HI, albiceps.

‘Mas.—Antennis griseis, obsolete fusco-annulatis; capite dense

cano-piloso; pedibus pallide griseis; abdomine infra argen-

tato; alis anticis saturate griseo-fuscis, pallide irroratis,

apicibus manifeste albis; posticis pallide griseis.

Long. corp. 1 lin.; exp. alar. 2} lin.

Male.—Antenne grey, faintly annulated with darker; head

clothed with dense greyish-white pubescence; thorax fuscous ;

abdomen brown above, silvery beneath; legs pale grey; anterior

wings dark greyish-fuscous, irrorated cial alle grey, the extreme

apex conspicuously whitish; posterior wings pale grey, the cilia

concolorous.

Habitat, New Zealand. In Mr. Dale’s collection.

Family LEPTOCERIDZ.

Genus AscaLAPHomerus, Walker.

I have followed Mr. Walker in placing this extraordinary

genus in the above family, but the robust form and almost cla-

vate antennze of the typical species ill accord with the slender and

delicate insects on which the family was first founded.

A. finitimus.

Mas.—Antennis haud crassatis, nigris; palpis nigro-pilosis ;

oculis magnis supra approximatis, brunneo-ochraceis ; thorace

nigro, utrinque rufo-piloso ; abdomine saturate piceo; femo-

ribus piceis, tibiis tarsisque brunneo-ochraceis ; alis anticis et

posticis glabris, semi-pellucidis, fuligineis, venis sub-costalibus

saturauioribus.

New Species of Exotic Trichoptera. 305

Feem.— Antennis gradatim crassatis ; capite rufo-piloso ; oculis

haud approximatis ; pedibus omnino saturate piceis.

Long. corp. 6 lin.; exp. alar. 17 lin.

Male.—Antenne black, of nearly uniform thickness through-

out ; palpi clothed with long, blackish hairs; eyes large, approxi-

mating above, brownish-ochreous ; thorax black, with a tuft of

red hairs on each shoulder; abdomen dark piceous; thighs pi-

ceous ; tibize and tarsi brownish-ochreous; anterior and posterior

wings glabrous, semi-pellucid, smoky fuscous; sub-costal vein

very strong and dark in all the wings, the others scarcely darker

than the membrane.

Female.—Antenne gradually thickened before the apex; eyes

small, distant; head with a tuft of red hairs on the vertex ; legs

entirely piceous ; otherwise similar to the male.

Habitat, North China. In the British Museum.

Differs from the only other described species—A. humeralis,

Walk.—in its somewhat smaller size, naked and more pellucid

wings, and especially by the antennz of the male not being thick-

ened. In humeralis they are thickened in both sexes, but the

antenne of the female are shorter and stouter than in the male in

both species.

Genus PsEUDONEMA, n. g.

ts)

Female.—Antennz much longer than the wings, joints cylin-

drical, the basal joint long and thick; maxillary palpi hairy, basal

joint short, 2nd and 8rd long, of equal length, 4th scarcely so

long as the 3rd, and less robust; terminal joint as long as the

3rd and 4th united, flexible; labial palpi with the terminal joint

long and thin; head sub-trianguiar ; eyes prominent; abdomen

robust; leg-spurs 2. 2. 3; anterior wings rather thickly clothed

with short hairs, long, narrow, slightly dilated at the apex, which

is elongated ; discoidal cell broad; 1st apical cell much longer

than the rest; 2nd short, scarcely reaching halfway to the anas-

tomosis ; 5th narrow and very acute, barely reaching the anas-

tomosis ; posterior wings folded.

This genus, which has much general resemblance to Leptocerus,

may be at once distinguished therefrom by the tricalcarate pos-

terior tibize, and by the robust abdomen.

P. obsoleta.

Feem.—Antennis fuscis, subtiliter griseo-annulatis; palpis griseo-

fuscis; capite thoraceque testaceis; abdomine griseo-brunneo ;

VOL, I, THIRD SERIES, PART IlI].—AUGUST, 1862, x

306 Mr. R. M‘Lachlan’s Characters of

pedibus griseis, tibiis tarsisque nigricantibus ; alis anticis

canis ; punctis nebulisque saturate griseis; posticis opacis

albidis vix iridescentibus.

Long. corp. 6 lin.; exp. alar. 17 lin.

Female.—Antennze fuscous, narrowly annulated with pale grey ;

palpi greyish-fuscous; head and thorax testaceous, the meta-

thorax paler; abdomen greyish- brown; legs grey, tibiae and

tarsi blackish; anterior wings very pale grey, clouded and

irrorated with dark grey; the most conspicuous markings are an

oblique, almost obsolete, transverse fascia before the middle, and

an indistinct blotch at the pterostigma; posterior wings semi-

opaque, whitish, slightly iridescent.

Habitat, New Zealand. In Mr. Dale’s Collection.

Genus Leprocerus, Leach.

L. cognatus.

Antennis saturate brunneis, apicibus articulorum albis; palpis

nigris pilis longis griseis; capite thoraceque testaceis; ab-

domine brunneo; pedibus pallide griseo-ochraceis ; alis an-

ticis griseis, parce cano-pilosis; posticis hyalinis, cupreo-

iridescentibus,

Long. corp. 44 lin.; exp. alar. 14 lin.

Antennze dark brown, with white tips to the joints, basal joint

of the same colour as the head; palpi black, clothed with long

grey hairs; head and thorax testaceous; abdomen brown; legs

pale greyish-ochreous ; anterior wings grey, sparingly clothed

with hoary pubescence; posterior wings hyaline, with coppery

iridescence.

Habitat, Auckland, New Zealand. Collected by Col. Bolton.

In the British Museum.

L.. canescens.

Antennis nigris albo-annulatis, apicis parte tertiaé omnino alba ;

palpis nigris, pilis longis griseis ; capite thoraceque testaceis ;

abdomine pallidiore; pedibus‘pallide ochraceis; alis anticis

“canis, griseo-irroratis ; posticis hyalinis.

Long. corp. 5 lin.; exp. alar. 13—15 lin.

Antenne black, annulated with white, the apical third entirely

white; palpi black, with long grey hairs; head and thorax tes-

taceous, abdomen paler; legs pale ochreous ; anterior wings hoary,

New Species of Exotic Trichcptera. 307

irrorated with grey, especially towards the apex; posterior wings

hyaline.

flabitat, Australia. In the British Museum.

Closely allied to the preceding; differs in its slightly larger

size, more hoary anterior wings, and in the posterior wings want-

ing the cupreous iridescence.

These two species, with Z. magnus, Walker, and L. oppositus,

Walker, from Tasmania, form a group apparently peculiar to Aus-

tralia and New Zealand.

L. exiguus.

Antennis albidis; basim versus subtiliter nigro-annulatis; oculis

fuscis; capite thoraceque ferrugineis ; abdomine saturatiore ;

pedibus pallide albido-ochraceis; alis anticis vix pellucidis,

pallide fulvo-pilosis, venis ochraceis, posticis pallidioribus.

Long. corp. 3 lin.; exp. alar. 73 lin.

Antennze whitish, with an ochreous tinge, in the basal third

finely and distantly annulated with black; eyes brownish-black ;

head and thorax ferruginous ; abdomen darker ; legs pale whitish-

ochreous ; anterior wings somewhat transparent, not very thickly

clothed with tawny hairs, veins ochreous; posterior wings more

transparent, beautifully iridescent, reflecting various colours.

Habitat, Australia (Moreton Bay.)

Genus Macronema, Pictet.

M. hospita,

Antennis fuscis; articulo basali ochraceo; capite nigro, nitido,

maculis duabus inter oculos rufo-ochraceis; thorace nitido,

nigro, collare rufo-ochraceo ; abdomine griseo-brunneo ;_pe-

dibus pallide fulvis; alis anticis fuligineo-fuscis, striga basali

furcata, maculis tribus magnis costalibus, una ad apicem,

altera ad angulum analem, tertia marginem dorsalem versus

albo-hyalinis; posticis hyalinis, iridescentibus, apicibus

fuscis.

Long. corp. 5 lin.; exp. alar. 15 lin.

Antennz brown, blackish towards the apex and base, basal joint

reddish-ochreous; head shining black, with two reddish-ochreous

raised spots between the eyes; thorax shining black, collar and

shoulders reddish-ochreous ; abdomen greyish-brown ; legs pale

fulvous; anterior wings smoky-fuscous, with whitish hyaline

markings, viz., a furcate streak from the base, three large spots

a 2B

308 Mr. R. M‘Lachlan’s Characters of

on the costa, the last of which reaches nearly across the wing and

expands at the end, one in the apex, one at the anal angle, and

one towards the inner margin, with a prolongation towards the

base; posterior wings hyaline, iridescent, apex dark fuscous.

Habitat, Shanghae, North China. Collected by Mr. Fortune.

In the British Museum.

M. lauta.

Antennis bases versus crassis, breve nigro-pilosis, aliter ochra-

ceis; palpis ochraceis articulo quarto nigricante; capite

thoraceque nitidis purpureo-fuscis; pedibus testaceis, tibiis

tarsisque externe fuscis; alis anticis saturate purpureo-

fuscis, nitidis, striga basali, strigis costalibus tribus, macu-

lisque duabus marginem dorsalem versus, albo-hyalinis ;

posticis albo-hyalinis, apictbus late fuscis.

Long. corp. 5 lin.; exp. alar. 15 lin.

Antenne, for the space of half an inch from the base, thickened,

and clothed with short black hairs, the rest ochreous ; palpi bright

ochreous, the fourth joint tinged with fuscous; head and thorax

shining, purplish fuscous; legs testaceous, tibia and tarsi exter-

nally fuscous, spurs fuscous; anterior wings shining dark pur-

plish fuscous, with whitish hyaline markings, viz., a short streak

from the base, three streaks placed close together from the costa,

of which the middle is the longest, the outer ones slightly con-

vergent, and two large spots, scarcely touching the inner margin,

placed opposite to the two outside costal streaks ; posterior wings

whitish hyaline, the tips broadly fuscous.

Halitat, Hong Kong. Collected by J.C. Bowring, Esq. Three

specimens in the British Museum.

The thickened antennz noticed in this species are observable in

a slight degree in several others, but not to the same extent.

M. Australis.

Monopseudopsis inscriptus, Walker, British Museum Catalogue

of Neuroptera, pt. 1, p. 105.

The single type of this insect, on which Mr. Walker founded

his genus Monopseudopsis, is in very bad condition, and is evi-

dently a Macronema of the same group as JM. hospita, M. zebra-

tum, Hag., M. sepultum, Hag., M. lauta and M. (Hydropsyche) mul-

tifaria, Walker, and is closely allied to the two first. All these,

in common with the insect now under consideration, are distin-

guished by the presence of whitish hyaline markings on a dark

New Species of Exotic Trichoptera. 309

ground, I believe Mr. Walker is now of opinion that his genus

had better be sunk and the species merged into Macronema, and,

as a M. inscripta is already described from Sierra Leone, I have

changed the name to the above. ‘The species inhabits Australia.

Family HY DROPSYCHIDZ.

Genus Hyproprsycue, Pictet.

H fimbriata.

Mas et Foem.—Antennis pallide ochraceis, brunneo-annulatis ;

capite thoraceque rufo-brunneis ; abdomine supra nigricante ;

pedibus ochraceis ; alis anticis fulvo-ochraceis, apicem versus

saturatioribus, maculis numerosis pallidioribus, maculis elon-

gatis ad marginem dorsalem saturate fulvis et albido-hyalinis

alternatis, marginibus apicalibus distincte albido-fimbriatis ;

posticis flavido-pilosis.

Appendicibus analibus inferioribus maris articulis ulti-

mis longissimis, acutis, strsum incurvatis, approximatis ;

pene pallido, ante apicem infra calloso, apice tumido rufo-

brunneo. ‘

Long. corp. 4 lin.; exp. alar. 103 lin.

Male and Female.—Antennz pale ochreous, annulated with dark

brown; eyes varied with brown and black; head and thorax red-

dish brown; abdomen blackish above; legs ochreous; anterior

wings tawny ochreous, much darker towards the apex, with nume-

rous small pale spots; several of these are larger towards the base,

on the inner margin elongate pale spots alternate with the dark

ground-colour, fringe of the apical margin conspicuously yellowish

white ; posterior wings clothed with clay-coloured hairs.

Inferior anal appendages in the male with very long terminal

joints, which are pointed and curved upwards, approximating at

the tips; penis pale, with a callosity before the apex beneath,

apex dark red, tumid.

Habitat, New Zealand. In the British Museum.

The following new species inhabits Britain :—

Family RHYACOPHILID#,

Genus Ruyacopuita, Pictet.

R. munda.

Mas.—Antennis brunneis flavo-annulatis; palpis brunneis ;

oculis nigris, ocellis distincte flavido-albis; capite pallide

310 Mr. R. M‘Lachlan’s Characters of

fusco sparse aureo-piloso ; thorace abdomineque supra piceo-

brunneis, his segmento ultimo appendicibusque testaceis ;

pedibus pallide ochraceis, tibiis tarsisque anterioribus et in-

termediis nigro-annulatis ; alis anticis ad apicem vix rotun-

datis, aureo-brunneis cinereo-irroratis, fascia apicem versus

cinerea, basim versus maculis duabus argenteis, venis cubi-

talibus nigris; posticis griseo-flavis, pterostigmate pallide

brunneo. é

Appendicis analis segmento ultimo lobi brevis abrupti lati

forma supra educto; appendicibus inferioribus longissimis,

ad apicem profunde bifidis.

Long. corp. 4 lin. ; exp. alar. 11 Jin,

Male.— Antenne brown, annulated with yellow; palpi brownish;

eyes black, ocelli conspicuously yellowish white ; head pale fuscous,

sparingly clothed with golden hairs; thorax pitchy brown, clothed

with golden hairs in the middle; abdomen above dark pitchy

brown, last segment and appendages testaceous ; legs pale ochre-

ous, anterior and intermediate tibize and tarsi annulated with

black: anterior wings somewhat rounded at the apex, golden-

brown, with scattered ashy-grey spots, a curved ashy-grey fascia

arises at the anal angle and reaches two-thirds across the wing ;

from the costa, near the apex, springs a short band, which some-

times unites with the fascia, forming a somewhat interrupted band

across the wing, towards the base are two silvery spots, with a

black spot between them; veins of the cubitus conspicuously

blackish, a row of faint fuscous spots round the apical margin,

cilia golden-yellow ; posterior wings greyish-yellow, pterostigma

and the extremity of the apical veins brownish.

Upper margin of the last abdominal segment produced in the

middle into a short broad lobe, with a depression in the centre,

the margin cut off very abruptly; appendices superiores almost

concealed under the lobe, small, dilated at the apex, which is

emarginate; appendices inferiores very long, basal joint very

broad, the margins turned inwards; terminal joint deeply but un-

equally cleft at the apex, the forks not divaricating ; penis sheaths

curved upwards and approximating.

Of this pretty species I captured eight specimens (all males) at

Shaugh Bridge, near Bickleigh, Devon, on the 16th Sept. 1861.

Wishing to be sure, before venturing to describe it, that it was

not already known on the Continent, I sent specimens to Dr.

Hagen, and he considers it to be altogether new. In the furcate

inferior appendages it partially agrees with A. venusta, Pict. MS.,

New Species of Exotic Trichoptera. ‘3ll

and R. aurata, Brauer. In the first the points of the fork are

parallel and very distant, in the latter very unequal and divergent.

In the form of the prolongation from the last abdominal segment,

and in its general characters, it differs very much from any re-

corded species, and forms a transition between the group of A.

aurata and two at present undescribed species noticed in Stett.

Entomol. Zeitung, 1859, p. 154.

XXIII. Description of a New Genus and Species of Noc-

tuites. By Francts WaLker, Esq., F.LS.

{Read 3rd March, 1862. ]

Tue Lepidopterous insect here described appears to be unique; it

was discovered upon a fence at Halifax, in Nova Scotia, by B.

Piffard, Esq., and was presented by him to the British Museum.

Fam. GLOTTULID&, Guen.

Genus PuorNacisA, n. g.

Foem.——Corpus pilosum, crassum. Proboscis robusta. Palpi

spissi, pilosi, oblique ascendentes, frontem non superantes ;

articulus 3us conicus, minimus. Antenne glabrze, sat ro-

bustee. Abdomen longiconicum, alas posticas sat superans.

Pedes robusti, pilosi; tarsi spinosi, Alze sat anguste; antice

apice rotundate, costa recta, margine exteriore sub-convexo

sub-obliquo.

Female.—Body pilose, very stout. Proboscis robust, moderately

long. Palpi thick, pilose, obliquely ascending, not rising so high

as the front; 3rd joint conical, very short. Antenna smooth,

rather stout. Abdomen thick, elongate-conical, extending some

distance beyond the hind-wings. Legs robust, pilose ; hind-tibiae

with four moderately-long spurs; tarsi spinose. Wings rather

narrow. Fore-wings rounded at the tips; costa straight; exterior

border slightly convex and oblique; interior angle much rounded ;

underside with a thin fringe of long hairs in the discal areolet ;

2nd inferior vein as far from the Ist as from the 3rd; 3rd about

thrice further from the 4th than from the 2nd.

312 Description of a New Genus and Species of Noctuttes.

Phornacisa Piffardi, White, MSS.

Foem.—Cinereo-nigra, alis anticis canis nigro-conspersis, linea

basali tenui strigulam emittente fasciaque lata media nigris,

striga costali lata diffusa nigricante, alis posticis albis nigro

latissime marginatis.

Female.—Cinereous black. Fore-wings above hoary, black-

speckled; a black, slender, slightly-curved, transverse black line

near the base, abbreviated hindward, emitting a short, slender

black streak; a broad, deep-black middle band, which is slightly

dilated towards the costa and towards the interior border; a broad,

diffuse, blackish streak extending from the costa to the disk.

Hind-wings white, with a very broad black border; underside

with a black discal point.

Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 16 lines.

Halifax, Nova Scotia.

XXIV. On the Asiatic Silk-producing Moths. By

F. Moors, Esq.

[Read 7th April, 1862.7

In the following list are enumerated the whole of the species of

these, the most useful of insects, that are at present known to me,

for the knowledge of many of which I am indebted to the re-

searches now being carried on by our valuable Corresponding

Member, Captain T. Hutton, of Mussooree.

Bombyx mori, Linn.

The common silkworm. Inhabits China, Cashmere and Bengal.

Cultivated in China, Cashmere, Persia, Herat, Affghanistan,

Bengal, France and Italy; in all which countries it is an annual

only. It produces the largest cocoon and the best silk—silk pale-

yellow. Caterpillar feeds on the Toot or mulberry.

Bombyx Sinensis, Hutton.

Inhabits China.

Called the small Chinese, or monthly worm, in Bengal, where it

is partially cultivated, but from whence it is said to be fast dis-

appearing.

It is noted by Captain Hutton, that the monthly worms were not

known in India earlier than between thirty and forty years ago, or

at least that they were not there cultivated; and previous to that

time, an annual worm, and it only, was the species under cultivation

both in India and Europe. Caterpillar feeds on the mulberry.

Bombyx croesi, Hutton.

The Madrassee or Nistry of the Bengalese. Inhabits China.

Cultivated in Bengal, where it produces nine monthly crops of

beautiful golden-yellow silk.

It is stated that the Madrassee was introduced into Bengal about

the year 1780, the cocoons of which were at first good, but are

now fast degenerating. Caterpillar feeds on the mulberry.

Bombyx fortunatus, Hutton.

Inhabits China.

Cultivated in Bengal, where it is known as the Dasee or Dessee

(.e., country worm). It yields a golden-yellow silk, and produces

five crops in the year. It is much smaller than the Madrassee,

VOL. I. THIRD SERIES, PART IvV.—NOV. 1862. Y

314 eee Mr. F. Moore on the

and while the one prefers the warmth of summer, the other prefers

that of the winter months. Feeds on the mulberry.

Bombyx Arracanensis, Hutton.

Cultivated in Arracan, but is said to have been introduced from

China. Yields annually several crops of silk superior to’that pro-

duced in Bengal. Larva feeds on the mulberry.

Bombyx textor, Hutton.

Inhabits China.

Cultivated in Italy and France, and produces, when healthy,

a pure white silk. It is also cultivated in Bengal, where it does

not thrive, and is there called the Boro poloo. Captain Hutton

states that there is no apparent difference in the larva of this and

B. mori, except in size—this being nearly an inch less—but the

form and texture of the cocoon are totally different. Strange to

say, although it is only an annual in France, Italy, Bengal and

China—with him at Mussooree, it invariably yields a second or

autumnal crop, which B. mori never does. Feeds on the mulberry.

Bombyx religiose, Helfer.

Inhabits Assam, and known as the Joree.

Found wild, feeding on the Peepul tree (Ficus religiosa). It is

stated to yield a silk, if not superior, yet equal, to that of Bombyx

mori. The cocoon shows the finest filament, and has very much

lustre. It is exceedingly smooth to the touch, and very different

from the cocoon of B. mori.

Bombyx Huttoni, Westwood.

This is a wild mountain species, occurring abundantly on the

indigenous mulberry trees of the Western Himalaya, from the

Ganges to the Sutlej, and probably beyond them. The worm is

so intractable that it can only be fed upon the trees in the open air,

and experiments made by Captain Hutton at Mussooree have

elicited the fact, that apparently little is to be expected from its

cultivation, as all attempts to domesticate it have hitherto proved

ineffectual.

A batch of the eggs of this species, which Captain Hutton has

recently sent me, are now hatching, but unfortunately my mulberry

trees (Morus alba) are not in leaf.

The larva of this species has long fleshy spines in pairs on

every segment. The cocoon is spun in the leaf, which is drawn

round it, and the silk is very fine and of a pale yellow tint.

Asiatic Silk-producing Moths. 315

Bombyx Bengalensis, Hutton.

A wild species discovered by A. Grote, Esq., feeding upon the

Artocarpus Lacoocha in the neighbourhood of Calcutta, where it is

scarce. The larva spined, like that of B. Huttoni.

Bombyx Horsfieldi, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. India House,

il. p. 380, plate Ila, fig. 5 (1858).

Inhabits Java, where discovered by the late Dr. Horsfield.

Bombyx subnotata, Walker, Proc. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) iii. p- 188

(1859).

Described as from Singapore, where it was collected by Mr.

A. R. Wallace.

Remark.—The last five species, namely, B. religiose, Huttoni,

Bengalensis, Horsfieldi and subnotata, might, with propriety, be

separated from the genus Bombyx under the name Theophila,

nobis,—there being well-defined differential characters both in the

larva and imago.

Ocinara dilectula, Walker, Catal. Lep. B. M. pt. vii. p. 1768

(1856).

Inhabits Java.

The larva and cocoon of this are figured on plate xviil., fig. 6, 6a,

of the Catal. Lep. Mus. Ind. House. Feeds ona species of Ficus.

Remark.—Captain Hutton, in a letter just received, states that

he has lately discovered three other species of this genus.

Attacus Atlas, Linn., Cramer, Pap. Exot. iv. pl. 381, f. C. 382,

f. A. .

Inhabits China, Burmah, India, Ceylon and Java, specimens

from all which countries are identical, except in depth of colouring

and in the talcose spots of the fore-wing varying in size, and in the

presence or not of the small upper spot. In the hind-wing the mar-

ginal chain-like markings in some specimens are black, in others

ferruginous, this occurring in specimens from the same localities.

The larva feeds on Falconeria insignis and Bradleia ovata, and

spins the cocoon within the leaf, and, when mature, is of a pale

sea-green, thickly covered over with a white powder, which is

evidently secreted from the long fleshy tubercles which arise in

rows down the length of the body. It is easily reared in a state

of domestication, producing a cocoon well stored with a fine, yet

strong, silk of a greyish colour.

The Tusseh cloth of China is said to be produced from this.

316 Mr. F. Moore on the

Ceylon specimens have been named by some authors Att. Arethusa ;

but this‘name has been applied to a Brazilian species of A4tlacus.

Attacus Ednardsii, White, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, pl. 57.

Inhabits Sikkim, and differs from Ait. Atlas in being much

darker, the disc of both wings being black, the transverse bands

much broader and white, and in having the ocelli inwardly bor-

dered with yellowish ferruginous. It also has an additional black

spot below the apex of the fore-wing.

Aitacus Cynthia, Drury, Exot. Ins. ii. pl. 6, f. 2(1773) ; Cramer,

Pap. Exot. i. pl. 39; f. A.

Att. Canningi, Hutton (1860).

Inhabits China (where it feeds, according to M. Guérin-Méne-

ville, on 42lanthus glandulosa), also the Sub- Himalayas. Specimens

from Hong Kong, Java,* Nepal, Darjeeling and Kemaon are alike,

but differ in size; those from Hong Kong exceeding 6 inches, the

Nepalese 5, the Mussooree not over 43, while those from Java

vary from 33 to 6 inches. It is very common in a wild state at

Mussooree, where, states Capt. Hutton in epistola, ‘‘it feeds on

Coriarza Nipalensis and on the Tex Bul (Xanthophyllum hostile).

It will likewise eat the leaves of Ricinus communis, but does not

take kindly to them. It can also be reared on the Cape wood-

bine. It is only an annual.” This has been cultivated for cen-

turies in China, where its silk clothes masses of the people. It is

also extensively reared in Assam. The Eria has been introduced

into Malta, Piedmont, Tripoli, France and Grenada, and I believe

also into Algeria. It is, together with a hybrid} between it and

the Bengal Eria, successfully cultivated in the open air in many

parts of France (where it was introduced by M. Guérin-Méneville

in 1859), and is there reared on the 4ilanthus, its silk being

turned to profitable account.

This hybrid, eggs of which M. Guérin-Méneville kindly

forwarded me, was, by myself, reared in London on the Ricinus

communis.

Attacus Ricint (Sir W. Jones), fide Roxburgh, Trans. Linn.

Soc. Lond. viil. p. 42 (1804); Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. France,

1854, p. 755.

Saturnia Arrundi, M. Edwards, Bull. d’Agri. de France, 1854,

tab. 10, p. 13.

Attacus lunula, Walker, List Lep. Het. B. M. p. 1221 (1855).

* The “ Eria” of Java has been named Attacus insularis by Vollen Hoven.

+ This hybrid has been named in France Sat. Vesta, but by whom I am un-

aware, Speciinens received from the late M. Becker were so named.

Asiatic Silk-producing Moths. 317

Inhabits Assam, Bengal, and is mentioned by Tennent as

occurring in Ceylon.

This is the commonly cultivated Eria, and in Bengal yields

four or five crops annually.

Attacus Guerinii, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, pl. 65, f. 3.

Similar to the Eria, but the smallest of the group. Believed

to be from Bengal, and may be distinguished by the absence of

the talcose lunule on the fore-wing.

Actias Selene (Macleay), Leach’s Zool. Misc. 1815, pl. 70

(Cramer, i. pl. 31, f. A.). Syn. Plectropteron Diana, Hutton,

Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. V. 45 (1847).

Inhabits Silhet, Darjeeling, and, states Capt. Hutton, is common

at Mussooree, where the larva feeds upon Andromeda ovalifolia,

Carpinus bimana, Coriaria Nipalensis, Cedrela paniculata, Glochidion

ovatum, the wild cherry and the walnut, and can be easily domes-

ticated. It is mentioned by Tennent as occurring in Ceylon.

Occurs also in Pondicherry, where M. Perrottet states the larva

feeds on the Odina wodier, and where attempts to rear this species

in a domestic state have proved that it yields four crops of

excellent silk annually.

Actias Menas, Doubleday, Aun. Nat. Hist. 1847, p. 95; Westw.

Orient. Entom. pl. 22.

Inhabits Silhet.

Actias Sinensis, Walker, List Lep. Het. B. M. p. 1264 (1855).

Inhabits N. China.

Actias Leto, Doubleday, Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. v. p. li. (1849).

Inhabits Silhet, Darjeeling.

Antherea Assama (Helfer), Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1837,

p. 43; Westw. Cabinet Orient. Ent. pl. 20.

Mooga or Moonga of the Assamese.

Inhabits Assam, Silhet, Ceylon,* and also occurs at Mussooree,

—a specimen having been taken, Capt. Hutton informs me, in that

locality.

According to Dr. Hugon, the Moonga is extensively cultivated

in Assam, and the silk forms one of its principal exports. It can

be reared in-doors, but thrives best in the open air upon the trees.

The larva feeds on the Champa (Michelia sp.), Soon, Kontooloa,

* Fide Walker, in Tennent’s ‘‘ Ceylon.”

318 Mr. F. Moore on the

Diglutee (Tetranthera diglottica), Pattee Shoonda (Laurus obiusi-

folia), and the Sonhalloo (Tetranthera macrophylla). There are

generally five broods in the year.

Antherea Mezankooria, Moore.

Of this we only know the silk. It comes from Assam, the

worm producing it being called by the natives ‘‘ Mezankorie,” or

‘¢ Mezankooree,” and feeds on the leaves of the Addakoory, a

species of Tetranthera. The silk is yellowish white, and con-

stitutes the dress of the higher ranks in Assam.

Antherea Paphia (Linn. 1767). Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. pl.

146, f. A.—147, f. A.—148, f. A.; Sykes, Trans. Linn. Soc.

_ iil. plate; Blanchard, Voyage dans I’Inde, Ins. pl. 3; Guér.

Ménev. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1855, pl. 6, f. 2. .

Phal. Att. Mylitta, Drury, Exot. Ins. ii. pl. 5, f. 1 (1773).

“¢Tusseh” or “ Tussur” of the Bengalese.

Inhabits Assam, Silhet, Upper and Lower India, Ceylon.

Tusseh silk is a most abundant product, and is everywhere used

as clothing by the natives, and even by Europeans, while consider-

able quantities are imported into England. Itis the most common

in use of the wild silk-worms. Millions of cocoons are annually

collected in the jungles and brought to the silk factories near

Calcutta, but the principal place of their manufacture is at

Bhagulpore.

The larva at Bhagulpore feeds on the Baer (Zizyphus jujuba)

and the Semul ( Bombax heptaphyllum), and is there an annual only.

At Mussooree Capt. Hutton reared it on Quercus incana, and

informs us that “the Bengal Tusseh is stated to have three broods

in the year, whereas the Pondicherry variety is also stated to have

four broods in the year, and that of Behar, Burbhoom hills,

Bhagulpore, and of the Punjaub on the contrary only one brood.”

The variations in the size of the cocoons and in the coloration of

the moths are very puzzling. ‘These remarks will suffice to show

the state of our knowledge, or rather our ignorance, respecting

these insects.

Antherea Surakarta, Moore.

Inhabits Java.

A close ally of the common “ Tussur.”

Antherea Pernyi, Guér.- Méneville, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1855,

pl Gir

Inhabits Mantchouria, N. China, the larva feeding on a species

Asiatic Silk-producing Moths. 319

of oak. (The leaf figured, with its attached cocoon, by Guér.-

Meéneville, is that of Castanea Japonica. )

May be distinguished by the band on the hind-wing being con-

tiguous to the ocellus.

The cocoon is somewhat like that of the Tussur, but differs in

having an exterior coating of loose silk.

Antherea Yamamai, Guér.-Ménev., Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1861,

pl. 11, 12 and 13.

Inhabits Yamamai, in Japan.

The cocoon and silk are pale yellowish-green. Samples are

shown among the raw products in the Japan Court of the Inter-

national Exhibition.

Antherea Roylei, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1859, pl. 64,

file

This is a common species both at Simla, Mussooree and

Almorah.

Capt. Hutton informs me that the larva feeds upon the hill

oak (Quercus incana). He has lately had it under cultivation and

the silk is pronounced to be promising and worth cultivating.

They can be reared easily in the house.

Capt. Hutton effected across between this and Anth. Paphia, by

placing the females of the latter out upon a bush at night. In

the morning a male A. Roylei was found coupled with them. In

this way were obtained three batches of eggs, but out of about

600 eggs only fifty hatched. The worms went on very well until

the first moult and then all died but two, they were unable to cast

their skins. “It is remarkable, however,” he continues, “that a

female 4. Roylet in my study window was ravished by a male

A. Paphia, which came at night out of a cocoon suspended there

also. I say ravished, because during the whole day the female

made violent efforts to disengage herself, but in vain; she appeared

to be in pain from the operation. In the evening they separated

and the female, instead of depositing her ova, died (from a surfeit

of love, I imagine). I took the eggs from her body, but none

hatched.”

Capt. Boys mentions this as also occurring in Kemaon.

Anthereea Perrottetii (Guér.-Méneville), Mag. de Zool. 1843,

pl. 123.

Inhabits Pondicherry, and is probably the variety of the Tussur

mentioned above, as having four broods in the year.

320 Mr. F. Moore on the

Antherea Frithi, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1859, pl. 65,

f. 1.

Inhabits the neighbourhood of Darjeeling.

Capt. Hutton writes me that the cocoon of this is identical

with that of Anth. Paphia as to form, but the silk is finer. At

present it is only known as a wild species, and neglected because

supposed to be the ‘Tusseh. Many others there doubtless are

which are thrown aside for the same reason, whereas they might

be rendered available to commerce.

Antherea Jana (Cramer), Pap. Exot. iv. pl. 396, f. A. (1782).

Inhabits Java.

No example of this is known in collections. Its distinguishing

characters are its small size (43 inches), the opaque ocelli, and the

hind-wing having, besides the usual submarginal line, two additional

undulated wider lines proceeding from the abdominal margin, the

first extending round the ocellus, and the other only to the ocellus.

Antherea Helferi, Moore, Proc. Zoo). Soc. 1859, pl. 64, f. 2.

Inhabits Darjeeling or its neighbourhood.

Antherea Larissa (Westwood), Cabinet Orient. Ent. pl. 24, f. 1

(1847).

Inhabits Java.

Male in collection of M. Dalen, at Rotterdam, female in that of

the late Dr. Horsfield,—now at the British Museum.

Remark.—Most of, if not all, the species of this genus are fur-

nished with a spine or “ wing-spur” (discovered by Capt. Hutton),

with which, he states, the moth cuts its way through the hard

cocoon.

Saturnia Pyretorum (Boisd.), Westw. Cab. Orient. Ent. pl. 24,

f. 2, 9 (1847).

Inhabits China.

Saiurnia Grotei (Moore), Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, pl. 65, f. 2.

Inhabits Darjeeling.

Rinaca Zuleika (Hope), Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. xix. p. 132,

pl. 11, f. 5 (1842); Walker, Catal. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. vi.

p: 1275 (1855).

Inhabits Silhet.

Loepa Katinka (Westw.) Cabinet Orient. Ent. pl. 2 (1847).

Lvepa Katinka, Moore, Catal. Lep. Mus. Ind. House, u.

p- 399; td. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 260.

Inhabits Mussooree, Assam, Silhet, Java.

Asiatic Silk-producing Moths. 321

In Java the caterpillar feeds on the Galing (Cissus sp—?) and

the Girang (Leea sp—?), and, according to Dr. Horsfield, is

abundant during December, January and February.

Genus nov. NeEoris, Moore.

Approaches Loepa in form, but differs in the shape of the

ocelli—that on the fore-wing being the smallest and angular, and

the one on the hind-wing large. Antennz of the male strongly

bipectinated, and feathered to the very apex of the shaft; these in

the male of Antherea Paphia, A. Roylet and others have the end of

the shaft naked.

Of this form I have only examined an imperfect specimen

which was sent to this country by Captain Hutton, who states

that the larva resembles that of Anth. Paphia, being naked and

possessing tubercles, spinning an open gauze-like cocoon, The

larva appearing in April at Mussooree at an elevation of 6,500

feet, feeding on a species of wild pear tree.

Neoris Huttoni, Moore, sp. nov.

Wings fulvous-red. ore-wing with a broad discal band, finely

irrorated with black scales, its exterior margin having a double

zigzag line of black scales, and an exterior but adjoining line of

pale buff-white lunules. Ocellus with a double inner and single

outer line, the interior having a central black and white geminated

angular line. An indistinct suffused ferruginous shade passes

across the disc through the ocellus. Costal margin finely irro-

rated. Hind-wing with a dark, single, sub-basal line, and a double

exterior or sub-marginal lunulated line, this being bordered with

an outer whitish line; the ocellus large, with three outer rings,

the middle one white, the others black; within the ocellus is

a yellow line and a patch of white, divided by an indistinct line,

the outer part being ferruginous. A white band across the

anterior portion of the thorax and in a line with a whitish trian-

gular spot near the base of the upper wing; remainder of the

thorax pale ferruginous: the body uniform in colour with the

hind-wing. Antenne of male 3 of an inch in length, strongly

bipectinated, and feathered to the very apex of the shaft. Ex-

panse of fore-wings 2 inches.

Habitat Mussooree, N. W. India.

Genus nov. Cariguta, Moore.

Wings ample; apex of the fore-wing in the male falcate, in the

female rounded. Antennz of the male densely bipectinated and

feathered to the apex. Larva thickly covered with long hairs.

Cocoon an open gauze-like case.

322 Mr. F. Moore on the Asiatic Silk-producing Moths.

Caligula Theta.

Gutman Thibeta (Westw.), Proc. Zool. Soc. 1853, p. 166.

Habitat Mussooree, Thibet ?

Larva green and densely enveloped in long greenish- white hairs,

which look like a light silken web around it. Mocoon a light open

gauze or net-like case. Occurs at Mussooree, where fie larva

feeds on Andromeda ovalifolia, and the common cultivated quince.

Caligula Simla.

Saturnia Simla, Westw. Cabinet Orient. Ent. p. 41, pl. 20, f. 1

(1847).

Habitat Simla, Darjeeling ?

Captain Hutton informs me that this occurs on the Simla side

of the mountains, but that he has never met with it at Mussooree.

Larva densely covered with long hair. Cocoon an open gauze

case.

Caligula Japonica, Moore.

Habitat Japan, province of Kourinoki.

Caterpillar forms a dark-coloured, open, net-like cocoon.

Numerous samples of this species are shown among the raw

products in the Japanese Court in the International Exhibition.

Salassa Lola (Westw.), Cab. Orient. Ent. pl. 12, f. 5 (1847).

Salassa Lola, Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 246.

Inhabits Silhet.

Cricula trifenestrata (Helfer), Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 1837,

p- 45; (Herr.-Schaffer), Lep. Exot. Spec. Nov. 1, pl. 17,

f. 80, 2.

Saturnia Zuleika, Westw. Cab. Orient. Ent. pl. 11, f. 1 (1847),

Inhabits Assam, Moulmein, Java.

Found in Assam feeding on the Soon tree, and in Moulmein upon

the cashew-nut tree (Anacardium orientale).

This is the Haumpottonee of the Assamese, noted by Mr.

Hugon as being very common in Assam. He states that the silk

ean be spun like the Eria cocoon, but the natives do not use it on

account of its silk causing a severe itching when weaving.

In Java the larva feeds on Protium Javanum, Canarium commune,

and Mangifera ingas. Abundant during December and January,

scarce in March.

The cocoon is of a beautiful yellow colour, of a rich lustre, and

constructed like net-work, the enclosed chrysalis being visible.

(528k)

XXV. On the Restoration of Obsolete Names in Entomology.

By Dr. H. Scuaum.

[Read 7th April, 1862.]

On recently publishing a second edition of the ‘ Catalogus

Coleopterorum Europe” (Berlin, 1862), the opportunity first

presented itself of obtaining from Mr. Waterhouse’s Catalogue

of British Coleoptera (London, 1858—60) positive information

respecting a great many species established by English Ento-

mologists, and especially by the late Mr. Stephens,. which no

continental author had ever been able to identify. The ad-

vantages which I derived in some genera from the study of this

Catalogue will be obvious to every one, and require no further

comment. As, however, I have not in the majority of cases

adopted the older names of Stephens and Marsham restored by

Mr. Waterhouse, notwithstanding the care which the latter has

bestowed on the exact determination of the British species, and

notwithstanding the apparent correctness of the synonymy given

by him, I feel it incumbent upon me to explain to the English

Entomologists my reasons for not having done so.

It is universally acknowledged that a species must have been

described in order that priority can be claimed for its name; and

no one thinks of assigning priority to a mere catalogue name,

because we are unable thereby to recognize the species to which

it has been given. ‘This reason, however, compels us to put the

query, when can it be said that a species has been described ?

Even the most fanatical advocate of the law of priority will not

pretend that a species has been described, concerning which

utterly false notices, or erroneous or unimportant indications, are

given, which so completely fail in characterising the species that

no one is able to recognise it. Otherwise it would be possible to

ensure the adoption of names by the publication of diagnoses

absolutely aw hasard, and which have no bearing whatever on the

insects. I consider it impossible for any reasonable man to

consent to this, and to assert, for instance, that the Auster

australis, Boisd. (Faun. de \’Océan.) is a described species of the

genus Saprinus, because it is said to be “ nigro-cyaneus, nitidus,

subtus ater,” or that Coccinella virescens, Hope (Zool. Misc.) is a

described species of the group of Chrysomelide, because Hope has

324 Dr. H. Schaum on the Restoration of

added to the name the words “ supra viridi-brunnea, subtus

_rubro-testacea.”

Unfortunately notices so utterly valueless abound in various

papers and periodicals, greatly to. the detriment of science; nor

will they cease to make their appearance until it is laid down as

a principle, by all scientific men, that, for the benefit of science,

such notices have no claim whatsoever to priority.

The essential condition to a species being described is this,—

that (if not all the principal) at least some of its distinctive

characters are pointed out, so that some possibility exists of its

recognition by another Entomologist. If this condition is not

fulfilled the species is not ‘* described,” however long and tedious

may be the author’s allusion to insignificant and unnecessary

details. And “ descriptions” (so called) of great length do often

come under this category,—as Mr. Wollaston will fully acknow-

ledge with regard to M. Brullé’s compositions on Canarian

Coleoptera.

I doubt whether this principle will be objected to by any one

in theory; a few may, however, urge that the decision as to

whether an insect is described or not will be attended with much

difficulty in practice, and they will consider it more convenient to

compare not the descriptions themselves but the dates of their

appearance. But what would they say if a physician should for

his greater convenience treat all his patients after one general

prescription, without inquiring into the details of the case and

acting according to the individual constitution? Are human

beings, endowed with judgment and reason, to set the latter aside

by proceeding thus mechanically, or, on the other hand, are they -

to employ them? At all events these opponents are bound to

state where they will trace the limit as to whether a species is

described or not, since they will certainly not consider Hister

australis, Boisd. and Coccinella virescens, Hope, to be in any way

“ described.”

Starting from this principle,—that the words of an author must

render the genus or species recognisable, if either the one or the

other is to be considered described, I cannot adopt Mr. Water-

house’s practice of restoring names given by Stephens and

Marsham, which had no currency, even in England (because they

could not be ascertained from their books), when by thus doing he

reinstates such names to species which were universally known and

clearly described under other names of a posterior date. In the

majority of these cases Mr. Waterhouse did not ascertain those

older names by the study of the books, but merely by the investi-

Obsolete Names in Entomology. 325

gation of real or supposed typical specimens, and concerning which

I will hereafter say a few words. By comparing the original col-

lection the names of a mere catalogue may, however, be equally

well ascertained ; I cannot, therefore, accept such a change on the

mere ground of a typical specimen being compared.

It must be expressly stated, in this place, that I do not advocate,

or even accept, the change of a name, because the description of

its author is insufficient, if there can be no doubt as to the right

application of that name. This is not the question. A great

many of the generic and specific names of Stephens are universally

adopted irrespective of the merits of their descriptions, when there

was no doubt as totheir right application. The question is solely

this—whether a universally known and generally adopted name

shall be changed because an older one exists, WHEN that older one is

unaccompanied by a sufficient description (or rather by no “ descrip-

tion” at all)? I think noé; and I doubt whether such names are

likely ever to be adopted by continental Entomologists, especially

as they must always remain somewhat doubtful to all who know

by experience that even the most accurate observers may occa-

sionally err in the determination of a typical specimen.

In order to change a universally adopted name into an older one

it appears to me to be necessary, that it must be proved in each

individual case, that the description of the author of the latter

applies in reality to the species of which the name is to be changed

and toi only. Until this is done, I cannot assign to the older name

any greater claim to priority than to a catalogue name. And that

this can be done in but a very few of those cases in which Mr.

Waterhouse has restored an older name of Stephens or Marsham

may be proved by many examples; I will, however, content

myself with illustrating it by two,—one bearing on a genus, the

other on a species.

Mr. Waterhouse changes the name of the genus Chilopora,

Kraatz, (group of Aleochare), which Kraatz had established on

Calodera longitarsis and rubicunda, Eric., and had well defined,

into that of Zschnopoda, Steph. On referring to Stephens’s work

I find Jschnopoda characterized in these words: “ Head nearly

sessile, thorax longer than broad, elytra wide, body slender,

abdomen acute at tip, legs slender, tarsi, especially the hinder,

long, all five-jointed.” According to my opinion it is an insult to

science to establish a genus of Aleochare by such a diagnosis,—

which is so vague that it will apply to almost any Staphylinide, and

which does not afford the slightest character by which the genus

may be distinguished. Nevertheless Kraatz might have adopted

326 Dr. H. Schaum on the Restoration of

the name, and probably would have done so if it could have been

said that the genus /schnopoda in reality corresponds with Chilo-

pora; but in Stephens’s work it is composed of seven species, the

first and last of which (specifically identical) alone belong to

Chilopora; the second and third are Tachyuse, the sixth is a

Homalota, and the fourth and fifth appear to be no longer extant,

as no mention whatever is made of them in Mr. Waterhouse’s

Catalogue (but they were certainly not Chilopore). Can it, under

these circumstances, be said that the genus Ischnopoda, which is

not characterized at all, and which is an assemblage of species

belonging to at least three different genera, is identical with

Chilopora, merely because the first species happens to belong to it?

And are there any better grounds for changing the name of

Atomaria nana, Eric., into that of A. nigriventris, Steph., because

two labelled specimens of nigriventris belong to nana, when it can

be shown that Stephens has not pointed out any character of nana,

but confounded in his collection, under the name of nigriventris,

specimens of 4. nana, A. linearis and A. elongatula, and moreover

mixed other specimens of nana with wmbrina under the name of

nigrirostris, and with linearis under the name of linearis ?

I will not conclude without moreover proving that no great

faith can be placed, even in the so-called “typical specimens” of

the Stephensian or any other collection, and in the labelled ones

no more than in those which are not labelled; although I will not

deny that in many cases much assistance may be derived from the

examination of them in deciphering more or less obscure de-

scriptions.

Is it to be supposed that Mr. Stephens, who lived twenty years

after the publication of his work, had not made many changes in

his collection, or had not re-arranged a great part of it in the

course of those twenty years? And I can state positively that he

must have done so, if his collection is now all in order. For in

1847 (when I examined his Carabide) the difficult genera Har-

palus, Amara, &c., and especially Bembidiwm, were in great con-

fusion ; many species had no labels at all, and many specimens were

supposed by Mr. Stephens to be his types merely from some hint

in his book. And I can also add to my own the testimony of

M. Mulsant, who visited Mr. Stephens with me, and who tried to

determine the Palpicornia (which the former had then just worked

up), but who abandoned it on account of the disorder mhich he found

that family to be im.

And must it not be considered rather as a mere chance than as

a proof of the authenticity of the specimen, if the example which

Obsolete Names in Entomology. 327

bore a label in 1860 is the very one which Stephens in 1832, or

earlier, had on his table when he composed his book? In many

cases it can be proved that it is not. Of the species of Atomaria

the only one which is clearly defined is the very conspicuous 4.

gutta, the name of which has therefore been adopted in all recent

works. Now it happens that the only specimen of the Ste-

phensian collection, and yet nevertheless labelled, is not 4. gutta,

but 4. apicalis.

There are still some English Entomologists who repose great

confidence in the so-called Marshamian types. I am far from

denying that these specimens came from Marsham’s collection,

but are we to suppose that, as there appears always to be one

example only, Marsham had always but one specimen of each

species ; or are we to suppose that Stephens kept but one? And

what guarantee have we in the case of obscure species, when

several may have been confounded, that Stephens kept the very

specimen from which Marsham drew up his specific diagnosis?

The list of synonyms given in our books is nothing more than

the history of our knowledge of each species. When a species is

fully known (e. g. Carabus auratus) the history of our knowledge

loses most of its interest, and I think that we need not then con-

tinue to store up all the bibliographical references which we may

collect, and religiously to preserve the memory of such names,

which are no longer of any interest to the student. Our quotations

may then be very well restricted to a few of those works by which

our knowledge has been advanced.

XXVI. Observations upon the Nomenclature adopted in the

recently published ‘‘ Catalogue of British Coleoptera,”

having reference more especially to Remarks contained

in Dr. Schaum’s Paper “ On the Restoration of Ob-

“« solete Names in Entomology.” By G. R. WatTER-

HousE, Esq., V.P.Z.S., Se.

[Read 2nd June, 1862 ]

Dr. Scuaum, in his paper above referred to, commences by stating

that [ have furnished positive information on a great many species

established by English Entomologists, and especially by the late

Mr. Stephens, which no continental author had ever been able to

identify. He objects to the adoption of the names substituted by

me for those of certain other authors, and makes it appear that

the descriptions of the species to which they belong are utterly

valueless.

I have given certain information, and as I take it, the points

now to be settled cannot be disposed of ‘en masse,” but that

each separate case of the adoption of one name instead of another,

must be taken on its own merits. I protest against the intro-

duction, into this matter, of sweeping clauses respecting descrip-

tions said to be utterly false and valueless, and allowing it to

appear, by inference, that they apply to the cases in question. I

have endeavoured to deal fairly, and in accordance with the

custom among naturalists, in each separate instance, but in the

multitude and complexity of the cases I had to deal with, I

cannot for a moment suppose that I have always been correct in

my conclusions ; and I hope when any objections to my mode of

proceeding arise in any particular instance, that I shall confess I

was wrong, if I was so, and act accordingly. I protest particularly

against the earliest statement in Dr. Schaum’s paper, that no con-

tinental author had ever been able to identify Stephens’ species ;

and for this reason, that Dr. Schaum does not state whether

he has any good ground for believing that continental Entomolo-

gists have really taken the necessary, or, I may say, the usual

pains to identify them. How is it that the continental Coleop-

terists did not discover that Lschnopoda longitarsis of Stephens

was the same as Calodera longitarsis of Erichson, subsequently

published? The mere identity of the specific name, when Erich-

Mr. G. R. Waterhouse upon Nomenclature. 329

son first published it, might have suggested the inquiry, and if

Stephens’ description had been referred to, I am convinced that

no doubt on the matter could have existed. But if Erichson

omitted to notice the original source of the name in his “ Kafer

der Mark~ Brandenburg,” he makes good the omission in his

‘“Gen. et Sp. Staph.” (p. 66), where he says ‘a cel. Dom. Spence ex

Anglia missa nomine Aleochare longitarsis, Kirby.” The specific

name is also referred to Kirby by Stephens. I have met with

other cases as strong as this, and it has forced” upon me the

conviction that continental Entomologists have certainly taken

very little pains in the matter. Again, what is more common in

cases of difficulty in identifying described species, than the

custom of consulting the specimens from which the descriptions

were taken? ‘The Berlin “ Entomologische Zeitschrift” furnishes

us with numerous identifications through such means; why are

we not to be allowed to adopt the same course? Dr. Schaum

says, “no great faith can be placed even in the so-called typical

specimens of the Stephensian or any other collection;” and no

doubt he can bring forward numerous cases in which they are

more than doubtful, but to make good the point he had in view,

he should have shown that I had arrived at my conclusions from

such sources.

Dr. Schaum furnishes a certain genus (Ischnopoda, Steph.) in

illustration of his views: I intend to confine myself as much as

possible to this particular case in the following remarks. In this

same genus, then, there is a certain species described under the

name ‘ foveata.” I am particularly anxious to draw attention to

the description of this insect. The group to which it belongs I

have long studied with great attention, and I will here reiterate a

remark which I formerly made, before the question now before

us had been raised ; it is in substance,* that without the help of

a certain number of well-named specimens of Aleocharide which

had been placed in my hands, I did not think I could have deter-

mined other (unnamed) species from the descriptions either of

Erichson or Kraatz. Not that the descriptions are not excellent,

but that the distinctions of the species are so excessively difficult

of realization. Having said this, it will appear a very strong

statement when I say that the description in Stephens’ “ IIlustra-

tions” (vol. v. p. 111, sp. 6), taken by itself, applies perfectly, in all

respects, to one particular species of the Aleocharide, and will

* See my “List of the British Species of Aleocharide,” published in the

** Zoologist”’ for June, 1857.

VOL. I, THIRD SERIES, PART IV.—Nov. 1862. Z

330 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse wpon the Nomenclature

apply to no other species,—at least, known to Erichson, The

insect is Homalota occulta (¢) Erichson. The insect which

stands as “ foveata’’ in Stephens’ collection is Homalota gregaria,

and of course does not agree with his description. But I trace

that description back to Kirby (I have in fact the original Kirbian

MSS. in my hands); I refer then to Kirby’s collection, and there I

find the insect ticketed and named “ foveata.” At two distant

periods I examine it most carefully, and with the same result—it

is the same as the Hom. occulta, Erichson. This will serve to

show in what way I have availed myself of the help of the so-

called type specimens. But Stephens’ description has this defect—

it is put in the wrong place : in Stephens’ “ Manual” it is inserted in

the genus Jschnopoda, a genus which has for one of its characters

* all the tarsi 5-jointed,” whilst “ foveata,” being a Homalota, has

but four joints to the anterior tarsi. Now let Dr. Schaum look

to my Catalogue (p. 18, sp. 21), and he will there see that Ischno-

poda foveata of Stephens is sunk into a synonym, Erichson’s more

recent name taking precedence. Seeing that in similar cases the

rule adopted is a more lenient one,*-—seeing that the species with

the author’s name attached is regarded as a symbol of a certain

amount of work done by him, and serving, more or less, to

advance the branch of natural history to which he had devoted

himself; and that under these circumstances, other naturalists

generally appear to be very loath to obliterate that symbol—I

say, being aware of this, | think I did wrong in not putting the

earlier name first. But as a mere matter of fact I did not do so,

and from this it will appear that I was under the influence of a

certain amount of bias in favour of that great Entomologist, the

author of the “* Genera et Species Staphylinorum ;” and to this I

must plead guilty.

I will now come to the main point of the paper, so far as facts

are concerned, and I must quote Dr. Schaum’s statement in full

to avoid misunderstanding on this part of the subject. The paper

then states that “ Mr. Waterhouse changes the name of the genus

Chilopora, Kraatz, (group of Aleochare), which Kraatz had esta-

blished on Calodera longitarsis, and rubicunda, Er., and had well

defined, into that of Ischnopoda, Steph. On referring to Stephens’

work I find /schnopoda characterized in these words,—“ Head

nearly sessile, thorax longer than broad, elytra wide, body slender,

abdomen acute at tip, legs slender, tarsi, especially the hinder,

* Several of the species described by Erichson in the genus Oxypoda have,

according to Dr. Kraatz, but four joints to the anterior tarsi, although by the

generic characters laid down for Oxypoda they should have five.

in the Catalogue of British Coleoptera. 301

long, all five-jointed.” According to my opinion it is an insult to

science to establish a genus of Aleochare by such a diagnosis,

which is so vague that it will apply to almost any Staphylinide,

and which does not afford the slightest character by which the

genus may be distinguished. Nevertheless Kraatz might have

adopted the name, and probably would have done so, if it could

have been said that the genus /schnopoda in reality corresponds

with Chilopora; but in Stephens’ work it is composed of seven

species, the first and last of which (specifically identical) alone

belong to Chilopora; the second and third are Tachyuse, the

sixth is a Homalota, and the fourth and fifth appear to be no

longer extant, as no mention whatever is made of them in Mr.

Waterhouse’s Catalogue (but they were certainly not Chilopore).

Can it, under these circumstances, be said that the genus

Ischnopoda, which is not characterized at all, and which is an

assemblage of species belonging to at least three different genera,

is identical with Chilopora, merely because the first species happens

to belong to it?”

In the last sentence the identity of the Ischnopoda longitarsis of

Stephens with that of Chilopora longitarsis of Kraatz is admitted

for the first time. With regard to the fourth and fifth species

comprised in the genus Ischnopoda by Stephens, and which are

said to be unaccounted for, the remark applies to the fourth only ;

the original description in that case is from an insect in a collec-

tion of which I can learn no tidings. The fifth species, ruficrus,*

will be found in the synonyms of Homalota gregaria. The eighth

Species was apparently (like the fourth) unknown to Stephens,

and if we deduct these two, the remaining species, as Dr. Schaum

correctly states, belong to three different genera, viz., Chilopora,

Kraatz (=Calodera, p. of Erichson), Tachyusa, Er., and Homalota,

Er. The genus Ischnopoda then, containing no less than three

distinct generic forms, could not be regarded as equal to the

genus Chilopora of Kraatz, which contains only one of those

forms, and this constitutes, according to Dr. Schaum, the great

stumbling-block which could not be got over.

Let us see how similar cases have been dealt with by Erichson

and Kraatz. The genus Homalota has just been mentioned,—I will

first take that. This genus was originally founded by Manner-

heim upon a single species, the Aleochara plana of Gyllenbal.

Erichson, supposing the species now known as J. cuspidata to

* The true ruficrus by description; the insect which is so named in Stephens’

collection is Isch. longitarsis.

Z%2

332 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse upon the Nomenclature

be the type of Mannerheim’s genus, proceeds to criticise the main

character laid down by Mannerheim, and ultimately arrives at the

conclusion that, by inference, it suggests that the posterior tarsus is

short (the real character given being that the claw-joint is long), and,

such being the case, belongs not to the H. plana only, but to the

greater part of the species which Mannerheim included in his new

genus Bolitochara. On the other hand, as Mannerheim among his

characters for the genus Bolitochara, says, “‘tarsorum articulus

primus subsequente longior,” he has by this given a character which

excludes nearly all the species he places in the genus. Erichson,

however, adopts Mannerheim’s name Homalota, for the great mass

of the insects which Mannerheim regarded as members of his

genus Belitochara, and includes likewise among them the H. plana.

Bolitochara, Mannerheim, is retained only for one or two species

in which the posterior tarsi have the basal joint elongate. I do

not object to this, but it furnishes a striking case of difficulties

surmounted (much greater than those alluded to by Schaum in the

case of Stephens’ genus), and yet the original author’s names being

retained.

Chilopora of Kraatz, it has been just stated, forms part of

Erichson’s genus Calodera. The genus Calodera however is

referred to Mannerheim, not because it was properly characterized,

but on account of the species it contained. Erichson says he

regards it as only a slight error on Mannerheim’s part when

he gave the joints of the tarsi as equal in length, though, by the

way, I may remark, that this same character helps to separate the

enormous genus Homalota from the great mass of the Aleocharide,

_ and does not belong to Calodera. Erichson adds other species to

Mannerheim’s genus, noticing at the same time that they differ

slightly from the type, and upon these additional species Dr.

Kraatz subsequently establishes the two genera Chilopora, and

Ilyobates. Here then we have the case of a genus (Calodera,

Erich.) containing three distinct forms; and supposing the original

name of the genus had been Erichson’s, I should like to ask Dr.

Schaum whether that name would have been sunk because it con-

tained three genera, and therefore could not be regarded as equal

to Calodera, Kraatz, which is supposed to contain but one type of

form? Were I to depart from the particular case brought forward

as an example, and from those genera immediately connected with

it, I need scarcely say that I could furnish innumerable instances

where, in breaking up an old genus, the old name is retained for

one of the divisions,—this is in fact the rule. But I need say no

in the Catalogue of British Coleoptera. 333

more on this head, and there only remain the imperfections of

Stephens’ definition to be dealt with ;—and here I must express

my regret that the author of the paper should have made use of

such strong terms in relation to them, when it must be apparent

to any one who has paid much attention to the subject that HE

certainly has not done so. Had the Aleocharide been studied

by Dr. Schaum, it would have been evident to him that it was not

merely because Ch. longitarsis was the first species in the genus

that it ought to be regarded as the type, but because the charac-

ters laid down by Stephens belonged to that species alone. In

the period which elapsed between the publication of his “ Ilustra-

tions” and ‘ Manual,” Stephens found that nearly ali his (or

rather Kirby’s) sections of the great group Aleochara had been

converted into genera. Some few of these, it is true, had,

immediately before the publication of the “Illustrations,” been

raised to the rank of genera by Mannerheim; but there was one

remarkable exception: his section ‘ A.” was, as it appeared to

him, left untouched; and as the insects standing to represent the

species of that section in his cabinet, nearly all of them presented

a peculiar aspect, very unlike that of any of the other Aleocharide

which had already found a place under some appropriate generic

head, he thought they should also form a genus. He gave a

generic name, accompanied by certain characters, which, im Dr.

Schaum’s opinion, are ‘‘an insult to science.” Weare not favoured

with the author’s views as to what generic characters should be,

but we may presume that the rule laid down by him for specific

characters, [viz. ‘the essential condition to a species being

described is this, that (if not all the principal) at least some of its

distinctive characters are pointed out, so that some possibility exists

of its recognition by another Entomologist,”] may be applied to

generic. We will test the characters laid down by Stephens for

the genus Ischnopoda by this rule, making no allowance for the

plan and nature of the work in which they occur, which rendered

it necessary they should be comprised in three or four lines.

Stephens says ‘‘ head nearly sessile” (placing the genus, so far as

this character is concerned, between those genera in which he

gives, as a character, head “ exserted,” such as dutalia, Falagria,

Calodera, &c., and those which have the head “ sessile,” such as

Polystoma, Aleochara, p., Zyras, Pella, &c.); “ thorax longer than

broad ; elytra wide; body slender; abdomen acute at ip; legs

slender ; tarsi, especially the hinder pair, long” (characters common

to nearly all the insects standing as species of schnopoda in his

collection, and belonging to no other section of the Aleocharide,

334 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse upon the Nomenclature

not already separated under generic heads, in the “ Manual”); “ all

five-jointed,” a character that belongs to only one of the species of

Ischnopoda, and that stands at the head of the genus. It is true

that the Ischn. ruficrus and I. attenuata of Stephens’ collection,

have the same character, but they are the sameas his J. longitarsis.

Here then “at least some of the distinctive characters are pointed

out,” and there is more than “some possibility” of the recognition

of the genus, and it was rendered the more easy from the fact that

the type of the genus was a perfectly well known insect.

The wonderful improvements made to the microscope during the

last twenty years have given to Entomologists a power of examining

minute structure* unknown at former periods, and with this help

the structure of the parts of the mouth has been studied in the

minute Staphylinide, and has furnished much help in their classi-

fication. As an instance of the minute application of the instru-

ment, I will give (from Dr. Kraatz’s Naturg. der Ins, Deutschl.)

the Latin diagnosis of the two neighbouring genera Calodera and

Chilopora. This latter genus is = Ischnopoda, Stephens, it will

be recollected.

Catopera (Mannerh.), Kraatz.

Maxillee mala interiore intus

summo apice spinulis 6+ lon-

gioribus ciliata.

Ligula brevis bifida.

Palpi labiales distincte 3-arti-

culati, articulo secundo bre-

viore.

Tarsi omnes 5-articulati, postici

articulo primo elongato.

Cuitopora, Kraatz.

Maxillee mala interiore intus

apice_ spinulis longioribus

ciliata.

Ligula brevis, bifida, lacintis

acuminatis.

Palpi labiales distincte 3-arti-

culati, articulo secundo bre-

viore.

Tarsi omnes 5-articulati, postici

articulo primo elongato.

Having no doubt of the accuracy of the above definition of the

leading characters of Chilopora, I beg to offer it to English Ento-

mologists, that it may be added to that of Stephens’ genus

Ischnopoda, and thus render it complete. In the tabulated cha-

* Stephens’ grand instrument (and one he highly valued), for poking into

the minute structure of insects, consisted of an extremely minute lens (about three-

sixteenths of an inch in diameter) inserted into a round flat bit of brass, about the

size of a shilling, and with a short brass handle. I have seen him use it often,

and rub his eye afterwards, as well he might. It is now in my possession, but I

have never had the courage to use it.

+ The corresponding diagnosis of the genus Ilyohates differs from that of

Calodera only in having “12” (instead of ‘‘6”’) in the first paragraph.

in the Catalogue of British Coleoptera. 330

racters of the genera of Alcocharide of Dr. Kraatz’s book, the

anterior tarsi are, by accident, given as four-jointed: the above

definition, however, subsequently given, is correct.

In looking through my Catalogue, I find that, excepting in the

Staphylinide, the cases in which Stephens’s names have been placed

above others more or less in use on the Continent, are by no means

numerous, and [ shall say nothing about them on the present

occasion. But the case of the Staphylinide is rather peculiar,

and I will take this opportunity of stating what I know about the

matter: although some parts of this statement may have but a very

indirect connection with the main point of my paper, it will be

useful. In Stephens’ work are published MSS, furnished by

Kirby,* which must have been prepared (as I judge from evidence

furnished in the MSS.) at least fifty years back ; and, in fact,

very nearly at the same time that Gravenhorst’s works were in

hand. It is very clear to me (having gone minutely into the

subject) that Stephens had never paid much attention to the

group; but this I know (from himself) that having been furnished

with abundance of matter by Kirby, he visited that Entomologist’s

residence, and stayed with him a considerable time, for the pur-

pose of identifying the insects in his own collection with those of

Kirby’s;} a most important point, as he intended publishing

Kirby’s descriptions. In this way a certain amount of corre-

spondence was brought about in the nomenclature of the two

collections. I word the matter in this way, because there was

likewise brought about a certain amount of disagreement; for in

the minute and obscure species many of the supposed identifications

were erroneous. Having thus compared and named his species,

Stephens informs us (see Ilustr. v. p. 134), that he found in his

own collection, in the Aleochare alone, seventy-six species which

he did not find in Kirby’s cabinet: these, then, are given in the

“Systematic Catalogue” as new species—for the most part at least.

Lastly, Stephens undertakes a general work on the insects of this

country (not the Coleoptera alone), which is to appear in monthly

parts, and must be written “ after office hours,” as we say, for he

was engaged all day in a government office. ‘Those who have not

tried it (or something similar) can form but a very imperfect idea

of such an undertaking—a difficult subject to be dealt with over-

* There exists plenty of evidence that Stephens was furnished with MSS,

relating to many other groups besides the Staphylinide.

+ Of course Stephens could not take his collection down into Suffolk, but he

took a series of specimens, and these specimens were ticketed in a peculiar

manner, and their tickets still remain attached.

‘

336 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse upon the Nomenclature

night, and printer’s boy for ‘“ more copy” in the morning! His

extensive work was produced under such circumstances. There

is good and bad matter in it, and the question arises, how far the

latter vitiates the former ? Seeking for a solution of this question,

it appeared to me to be answered thus: we will take all the good

we can get out of this book, but we cannot undertake to deal with

the detail. As least this I take to be the true interpretation from

what has been done.

In 1829 Latreille furnished us with a general sketch of the

genera of Staphylinide (with one or two exceptions) known at

that time, amounting to eighteen in number. In the same year

appeared Stephens’s ‘‘ Systematic Catalogue,” which furnishes an

outline of the labours of Kirby (with some additions, chiefly by

Leach) in the same group. In the following year Mannerheim’s

“ Précis d'un nouvel Arrangement de la Famille des Brachélytres” is

published, and here are adopted several of the genera proposed

by Kirby and Leach, and with the same names, such as Autalia,

Falagria, Dinarda, Bolitobius and Acidota ; and others seem to

have been adopted, but with other names substituted, such as

Mycetoporus (for Ischnosoma), Hypocyptus (for Cypha), Kulyssus

(for Gyrohypnus), Cryptobium (for Ochihephilum), and Trogophleeus

(for Carpalimus). Early in the year 1832 all the new genera

indicated in Stephens’ Catalogue were characterized in the

“[]lustrations.” Ultimately, after careful scrutiny by Erichson

and Kraatz, the greater portion of these genera (twenty-three in

number) were adopted, and with the names originally proposed.

I especially notice this point, because I think it clearly shows

every disposition on the part of the two great masters in Staphy-

linology to do justice to the English authors; and with regard to

the Ischnopoda question, raised by Dr. Schaum, I have a strong

impression that Dr. Kraatz was not exactly aware how the case

stood, or the name given by Stephens would have been adopted.

Respecting the Stephensian names adopted by me for certain

species of Staphylinide, in preference to other names subsequently

applied to the same insects, I will venture to say that the descrip-

tions of those species fulfil the conditions insisted upon by

Dr. Schaum. In proof of this I may say that they were nearly

all determined by me from the descriptions. I say “nearly all,”

though I am not aware of any exception, for I cannot take

up every individual case at this moment. ‘They are nearly

all Kirbian species, and although the specimens (at least nine-

tenths of them) from which the descriptions were taken are

now in the Collection of the Entomological Society, they were

in the Catalogue of British Coleoptera. 337

not named when I commenced my work. These specimens were

all numbered by Kirby, but the names had to be sought for in

his MS. Catalogue. When, however, I referred to this source

for information, I found that the numbers did not run on, but

that each number was repeated many times. In every minute

section thé numbering recommenced; and thus, I think in the

Aleochare alone, there must have been as many as twenty

insects bearing No. “1;” and what was still more bewildering,

there was no distinction made between the nines and the sixes.

I could only see when I took a certain insect up that its number

was either “9” or *6,” but could not tell which. I had to

compare it with the descriptions of all the species distinguished

by both numbers. Thus the descriptions were pretty severely

tested. In a very few cases I did not succeed to my satisfaction,

and consequently passed them over. These then are not the

species of which Dr. Schaum says, “ Mr. Waterhouse did not

ascertain these older names by the study of the books, but merely

by the investigation of real or supposed typical specimens;” but

they are species which, according to his own rule, he would admit

because they are recognisable through the descriptions. It is

more especially the Stephensian and Marshamian species, and so

called types, that Dr. Schaum alludes to, but zm practice he puts

all into the same category.

I perfectly admit all that Dr. Schaum says of the Marshamian

types—they may have been changed, &c., &c., &c.

I do not feel myself called upon to say those specimens marked

as the Marshamian types in Stephens’s collection are really what

they profess to be, but I feel myself bound to see in each in-

dividual case whether the so-called type was in all probability

(through its agreement with the description) what it professed to

be; finding it was probable, through this source, it was rendered

still more so by its being ticketed with a peculiar ticket bearing

the number of the species as it stands in Marsham’s book; and

further through the circumstance that the number in question is in

old writing—and certainly not Stephens’.

Then these remarks, and others of a similar nature, contained

in the paper under consideration, do not apply (except by in-

ference) to the nomenclature adopted in my Catalogue.

“The restoration of obsolete names” for others in common use

is certainly, under such circumstances as those depicted by Dr.

Schaum, calculated rather to embarrass than-to forward science ;

and I fully agree with what my excellent and talented friend says

on this subject, and I hope and believe, when he really gives his

338 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse upon Nomenclature.

attention to the details of the matter which has been discussed in

the foregoing pages, that he will find we essentially agree on most

other points dwelt upon in his paper.

So far as France and Germany are concerned, much has been

done towards elucidating the nomenclature of the Staphyhnide,

and bringing about an accordance in the names adopted, but I do

maintain that little or no pains have been taken with regard to the

English authors. Our collections have been consulted with the

view of clearing up difficulties in several other groups of

Coleoptera, but not this one. It appeared to me that it was re-

quired (and very properly) of us English Entomologists, that we,

making use of the facilities we possess, should ‘lend a hand” in

the matter, but I must say that the entire rejection of the infor-

mation furnished, through such a source, is a very remarkable

proceeding.

When a described species can, by any means, be determined, so

as to leave no reasonable doubt of the identification, it appears to

me desirable that the name given to the species by the describer

be adopted, provided that name be the earliest the species has

received; in fact, this appears to be the general opinion of

Entomologists.

XXVII. On the Development of Lonchoptera. By Joun

Lussock, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S.

[Read 5th May, 1862.]

Ar the February meeting of the Entomological Society, I ex-

hibited a pretty Dipterous larva, of which I had found two or

three specimens under logs of wood in Kent. ‘This larva ap-

peared to be unknown to the members present; Mr. Walker

indeed thought that he had noticed it himself in similar situations,

but he was ignorant to what species it belonged. Mr. Westwood

suggested that it was most likely the larva of some form allied

to Platypeza, and wished that if possible the point should be

determined by breeding. Having since found two or three more

specimens in Kent and several near Leeds, I adopted Mr, West-

wood’s suggestion, and, though most of my specimens died, I

was fortunate enough, on the 11th of March, to obtain from one

of them the perfect insect.

This I immediately forwarded to Mr. Walker, who kindly

Mr. Lubbock on the Development of Lonchoptera. 339

identified it for me as a species of Lonchoptera (probably L. lutea,

_ P.), and thereby proved the accuracy of Mr. Westwood’s opinion,

since Lonchoptera is placed by that gentleman in the same family

with Platypeza ; and though Mr. Walker separates the Platy-

pexide from the Lonchoptertde, still in his arrangement these two

families come next to one another.

As the small active flies forming the genus Lonchoptera are said

by Mr. Walker (Diptera Britannica, vol. i. p. 223) to ‘“ abound

from the beginning of spring till the end of autumn, on shores,

marshy woods, and in most grassy spots,” it seems extraordinary

that their transformations should be altogether unknown. Still I

am able to find no description of them, and as the group is one,

according to Mr. Westwood, “ of difficult location” (Westwood’s

_ Introduction to. the Modern Classification of Insects, vol. i.

p. 554), a short account of the development will probably not

be considered out of place in the Transactions of the Entomo-

logical Society, particularly as the transformations do not appear

altogether to favour the views generally held as to the affinities of

these genera.

_ The larva of Zonchoptera is transparent, tending to brown;

when full grown it is about one seventh of an inch in length

and one thirteenth of an inch in breadth, being, when the head

is retracted, of an oval form; in shape it is much depressed.

Seen from above, the body, exclusive of the first division or

head, consists of nine segments, which project laterally beyond

the softer parts, and beneath which the anterior segment can be

altogether retracted. A peculiar and elegant appearance is given

to the larva by the presence of four long sete in front and two at

the posterior extremity, as well as by the ornamentation of the

lateral margins. The posterior segment has three, the seven

preceding have two small spines on each side. Along the sides

between the spines on all these segments, and along the posterior

margins of the seven posterior, as well as on the first margin of

the first thoracic segment, are a number of dark brown lines,

about »,’pths of an inch in length (those, however, on each side

of the spines being much shorter), and about ,,3,jths of an inch

from one another ; they lie at right angles with the margins of the

segments, and are connected at the base by a shaded line, so as

altogether to form a very pretty and peculiar border. This

border is in fact produced by a great number of oblong processes

of the integument, the brown lines being the lines of junction

between them, as may occasionally be seen when any of the

processes are accidentally detached from one another, as in Pl. XI.

340 Mr. Lubbock on the

ee 7.0.1 Onvthe posterior segment, and close behind the last of

the three lateral spines, is the large spiracle, which is situated on

a short projection. Behind this, again, on the posterior margin of

the body is a long seta, at the base of which and on the median side is

a short process terminating in a spine like those on the side of the

body. ‘The seta is about ,!,th of an inch in length. The second -

and third (mesothoracic ?) segments differ from the posterior ones

in not having any border along the posterior margin, while the

second segment offers the additional peculiarity of having a border

along the front.

The second segment, which is received into and as it were fills

up a recess in the mesothorax when the head is retracted, gives

the body a regularly oval form, thongh somewhat, as it were, cut

off at the posterior extremity. It bears also on each side of the

middle line a seta about as large as that at the posterior extremity,

and at its posterior angles are also two spines, the anterior of

which is z,%;pths of an inch,—the posterior, though broader, only

aooths of an inch,—in length. The head, when extended, ter-

minates in a transverse spindle-shaped body, having two lateral

tapering lobes, which are slightly curved at their extremity, and

are clothed with delicate bristle-like papilla. On each side of

the basal portion open the anterior spiracles, and in front of them,

but rather towards the middle line, is on each side a seta (Pl. XI.

fic. 1), about th of an inch in length, This seta is generally

directed forwards, while the four long thoracic and abdominal

setae are often directed perpendicularly upwards. In front of the

Jong spine on the anterior part is a short unjointed appendage

(Pl. XI. fig. 4), and in front of this again and still nearer the

middle line is another still shorter (Pl. XI. fig. 3).

The upper margins, as already mentioned, project like wings

beyond the softer parts of the body. Seen from below, these parts

offer indistinct segmental divisions, and each segment has a

lateral papilla, which probably fulfils the functions of a foot. At

the posterior margin of the fleshy parts are eight papillee (Pl. XI.

fig. 8, a), some of which, however, are not very conspicuous.

Beneath this posterior margin lie two large lobes, shaped some-

what like a short human foot (Pl. XI._ fig. 8, 6’, attached as it

were by the ankle.

Both the upper and under walls of the body are so transparent

that many of the internal organs can be seen through them. The

upper surface of the fourth segment (exclusive of the head) has on

each side near the front border and almost over the tracheal tube,

a small round orifice (Pl. XI. fig. 1, g).

Development of Lonchoptera. 341

When the larva is full grown, it detaches itself from the skin,

which retains its form, and within which the insect changes into a

white, opaque, fleshy grub (Pl. XI. fig. 9), consisting apparently

of thirteen segments, which gradually diminish in size from one

end to the other. There are no limb-cases.. The skin is covered

by small papille. It is one-tenth of an inch in length.

According to analogy the pupa should be “incomplete ;”’ it is

probable, therefore, that the legs and wings make their appearance

at a later stage. If this be so, the perfect form is only attained

after passing through three well-marked stages.* I regret, how-

ever, that the specimens at my disposal did not enable me to

decide this point.

When about to emerge it splits the old larva-skin between the

2nd and 3rd segments from a to a (PI. XI. fig. 1), and along the

back down the central line of the 3rd, 4th and 5th segments of the

body, from 6 to b (PI. XI. fig. 1).

Mr. Westwood, while admitting the difficulty of the case, places

Lonchoptera with Platypeza in the Scenopinide, close to the

Dolichopide, and among the Tanystoma. Mr. Walker, though he

removes Scenopinus, and raises Platypeza and Lonchoptera into

two separate families, leaves them still in the same position

between the Dolichopide and the Syrphide. In this classification

the nature of the metamorphosis is mainly relied on. In the

Notacantha (Stratiomys, Sargus, Beris, &c.) the metamorphosis

is coarctate, but the skin of the larva retains its form; in the

Tanystoma (Tabanus, Anthrax, Asilus, Dolichopus, &c.) the pupa

is incomplete; in the Athericera (Musca, Conops, Estrus, Syrphus,

Volucella, &c.) the metamorphosis is again coarctate, but the

Jarval skin contracts and hardens into a kind of cocoon within

which the transformation is effected.

These differences are of much importance. ‘The great cha-

racter,” says Mr. Westwood, “by which the Stirps (Tanystoma) is

distinguished from the Notacantha and Athericera, consists in the

nature of the metamorphosis to which all the species are subject.

“The larvee resemble worms, being nearly cylindric, without

feet, and with a scaly head of a constant form, always furnished

with unguiform retractile appendages, enabling them to pierce the

substances whence they derive their support: for the most part,

they reside under-ground, and are but little known. They shed

their skin previous to assuming the pupa state, in which, to

* Ina future memoir I hope to be able to show that this remarkable fact is not

so anomalous as it at first sight appears.

342 Mr. Lubbock on the

a certain extent, they resemble the imago, having the various

limbs enclosed in distinct sheaths, and folded upon the breast.

The perfect insect escapes from this state by means of a slit down

the back.”

As we have seen, the development of Lonchoptera does not

answer to the above description, and the genus must, therefore, be

removed from the Tanystoma altogether. The pupa of Platypeza is

not known, but it is probable that this genus, and perhaps one or

two others, must eventually follow the fortunes of Lonchoptera.

Scenopinus, on the contrary, whose transformations have been

described by Bouché, and more recently by L. Dufour (Ann. Soc.

Ent. France, 2 Ser. T. 8, 1850, p. 493—6), belongs truly to the

Tanystomatous type.

Our knowledge of the Diptera is not yet probably so advanced

as to enable us to arrange them correctly ; the numerous forms

which still remain undiscovered, and the many points in their

metamorphosis and anatomy which have yet to be described, will

assuredly modify our views as to their classification and mutual

affinities. I feel also strongly that my own acquaintance with the

subject does not justify me in expressing any very decided opinion.

I may, however, be permitted to suggest that the true position of

Lonchoptera is among the Notacantha, not very far perhaps from

Sargus. Not only does the metamorphosis belong to the type

which is characteristic of this group, but the larvee of the two

genera are by no means dissimilar. It must be confessed that

the perfect insects of these two genera differ in many points, but

not in more probably than those which already distinguish Lon-

choptera from the Dolichopide and Platypezide.

InTERNAL ANATOMY.

My principal object being the determination of the species to

which my larva belonged, I only sacrificed one specimen for

anatomical purposes: when the first imago of Lonchoptera made

its welcome appearance, only one larva and one pupa were

living; these I immediately put into spirits of wine.

Having therefore had but two larvee for dissection, and one of

these being in an unfavourable condition, I cannot give anything

like a complete account of the internal anatomy. Moreover, the

digestive organs of my two specimens were so dissimilar, that in

all probability one of them was about to become a pupa.

The disposition of the trachee offers no remarkable pecu-

liarities. As in the larvee of other allied Diptera, there are four

spiracles only, two on each side; one at the posterior extremity,

Development of Lonchoptera. 343

the other on the first segment of the body, immediately behind

the head. From the one spiracle to the other, the trachea runs

in a gently undulating course, and without any material alteration

of size. The two lateral tracheze are connected together by two

transverse branches (Pl. XI. fig. 1, ff), one of which is situated in

the first segment of the body, the other inthe last. In addition the

lateral trachez give off two small branches in the posterior seg-

ment and one in each of the others.*

Digestive Organs.—The digestive organs may be divided into

pharynx, cesophagus, crop, stomach, intestine and rectum, with

the malpighian vessels and salivary glands as accessary organs.

The pharynz is strengthened in front by a scaffolding of chitine.

It has a length of about th of an inch, and is shuttle-shaped,

tapering slightly at each end. It is strengthened by being thrown

into longitudinal folds, which run from one end to the other at

distances of about 715th of an inch, and between which again the

membrance appears to form both longitudinal and transverse folds.

The latter, however, are very close together, and are, perhaps,

smali chitinous thickenings of the membrane.

The cesophagus is narrow and cylindrical. It is 54th of an

inch in length and only g45th in diameter.

The crop is small and spherical; in my first specimen it was

divided into two parts by a central constriction. The second speci-

men however, which had been preserved in spirits of wine, did not

show any such structure. In living animals, or in those just dead,

the form of the stomach depends, no doubt, very much on the

condition of the strong transverse muscles with which it is pro-

vided. In my specimen, which had been in spirits, it was simply

fusiform.

The malpighian vessels are long, and, I think, four in number,

but upon this point I am unable to speak positively.

The salivary glands are large. In form they are cylindrical,

and are connected with the mouth by short branched tubes. The

glands are formed of large cells, the walls of which can in most

cases easily be perceived. They are about s15th of an inch in

diameter, with a nucleus about 54,th of an inch, and a small

nucleolus.

Nervous System.——The sub-cesophageal portion of the nervous

system is condensed into a single mass, as is usually the case

where the segments do not admit of much motion. In the pre-

* IT do not find, however, in my sketch from which fig. 1, Pl. XI. is taken, any

branch in the two first segments.

344 Mr. Lubbock on the Development of Lonchoptera.

sent case the ganglionic mass is cylindrical, or somewhat pea-

shaped, showing internal traces of a double column, with fibrous

prolongations to the nerves, and intermediate cellular (?) matter.

There seemed to be eleven pairs of nerves. I could indeed

only make out ten nerves, but between the seventh and eighth

was a space, which would about leave room for another nerve;

in the centre of which, moreover, was a tracheal tube exactly like

that which accompanies the other nerves. The commissures are

short and broad, or rather the cesophagus may be said to pass

through a small orifice between the two great supra-cesophageal

ganglia.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE.

1. Outline of larva seen from above. x 30.

aaand 6 b. The lines along which the larval skin splits to admit of the

escape of the perfect insect.

c. Anterior spiracle.

d. Posterior do.

e. Longitudinal trachea.

Jf f. Two transverse branches.

g- Minute orifice on the fourth segment.

2. First three segments, with the head retracted. x 60.

3.) Organs on the head, apparently adapted for sensation, and possibly repre-

4. senting antenne. x 250.

5. Portion of margin. x 60.

6. Skin of dorsal surface. X 250. .

7. Part of the last segment.

. The large posterior seta.

. The spiracle.

. The trachea.

. A place where two of the lateral processes have been slightly sepa-

rated from one another.

8. Posterior end of body, seen from below. x 30.

a. The tubercles of the posterior margin.

b b. The foot-like lobes,

9. Insect in the second stage. x 30.

Oo o 8

(38459)

XXVIII. Notes on Chalcidites, and Characters of un-

described Species. By F. Wauxer, Esq., LS.

‘ [Read 7th July, 1862.]

Tue Chalcidide described by Fabricius are hardly characterized

with sufficient precision to identify the species. Chaleis dimidiata,

Fabr., may be identical with Smiera Lamyrus; C. pyramidea,

Fabr., is parasitic on Epipone nidulans, and C. annulata, Fabr.,

infests the pupa of Ophideres materna. C. Mneston is a synonym

of C. annulata. Smiera ameena (parasitic on the pupa of a Thecla)

and §. debilis have been described by Say. Klug, in his ‘“ Sym-

bole Physice,” describes the following species, inhabiting Egypt

and Arabia :—Smiera pensilis, Chalcis rubens, C. decorata, C. albi-

crus, C. brevicornis, C. pubescens, C. agilis and C. pumila. C. albi-

crus feeds on the pupa of Eupleea Chrysippus, and C. Euplee is

parasitic on an East Indian species of ELupleea, and perhaps is the

same as C, Lasus. Chalcitella evanioides, West., inhabits the

Mauritius.

The European Smiera nigrifea is a native also of North America,

where its characters are slightly modified. In the Smiere of the

latter region there is a transition of the colour of the species from

black to yellow and to luteous, and the luteous species abound in

South America. A species of Smiera from Florida is included

with the West Indian S. fulvescens in the British Museum list of

Chalcidites ; it may be termed S. transitiva, and it differs from S.

fulvescens in having a black stripe on the thorax and a black

streak on each of the coxe ; the wings area little darker in colour,

and the size is rather larger.

Chalcis minuta of Europe also appears in North America, but

with more limpid wings than those of the European race. Phas-

gonophora sulcata is the extreme form of a group of Hallticella,

which has some representatives in South America, but chiefly

abounds in the Eastern Isles.

In Mexico Smiera Pylus hardly differs from the West Indian

S. punctata. ‘The distinction between Smiera and Chaleis with

regard to the relative length of the petiole is obliterated in 8.

tenebrosa, though the latter species does not differ from Smiera in

its other characters.

The West Indian Smiera punctata also occurs in South America,

but with the black markings somewhat reduced in size. S. leuco-

VOL. 1. THIRD SERIES, PART IV.—NOY. 1862. AA

346 Mr. F. Walker’s Notes on Chalcidites,

telus, like S. tenebrosa, has a petiole not longer than that of

Chalcis.

S. erythrotelus, S, stylata and S. mesomelas form a transition

group between Smiera and Halticella, and are distinguished from

the typical species of the former genus by the longer antennz,

the oblique face, and the short petiole.

Sect. I.

Genus Leucospis.

Leucospis semirufa.

Feem.—Nigra; prothorax flavo tenuissimé bifasciatus ; meta-

thorax litura transversa flava ; abdomen rufum, apice nigrum ;

oviductus brevis; femora postica favo marginata ; tibia pos-

ticze apice flavee ; tarsi flavi; ale nigricantes.

Female.—Black, thickly and minutely punctured. Prothorax

with two very slender yellow bands, which recede from each other

on each side. Metathorax with a transverse yellow mark. Ab-

domen red, except at the tip. Oviduct reflexed to less than half

the length of the abdomen. MHind-femora bordered with yellow ;

hind-tibiaze with yellow tips; tarsi yellow. Wings blackish.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 9 lines.

Makessar, Celebes. In Mr. Saunders’ collection.

Genus Mretramorrpua.

Fceem.— Corpus leve, nitens. Caput transversum, subquad-

ratum. Palpi gracillimi. Antenne graciles, pubescentes.

Prothorax subquadratus, bene determinatus, humeris rotun-

datis. Mesothorax elongatus, parapsidum suturis distinctis-

simis, scutello conico, parapteris magnis. Metathorax scaber,

bene determinatus. Petiolus brevissimus. Abdomen com-

pressum, valdé gibbosum, thorace brevius. Oviductus recur-

vus, longissimus. Pedes sat graciles. Ale longe, anguste.

Female.— Body smooth, shining. Head transverse, subquadrate,

as broad as the thorax, from which it is separated by a distinct

neck; front vertical. Palpi very slender. Antenne slender,

pubescent, mutilated in the specimen described ; joints long.

Thorax subfusiform. Prothorax much developed, not broader

than long, hardly narrower in front, where it is rounded on each

side. Scutum elongate, sutures of the parapsides very distinct;

scutellum conical, prominent ; paraptera large. Metathorax well

developed, scabrous. Petiole very short. Abdomen compressed,

gibbous, and forming a vertical cone at its base, much shorter

than the thorax. Oviduct recurved, very much longer than the

and Characters of undescribed Species. 347

body. Legs not incrassated ; tibize with short apical spurs; hind-

coxz long. Wings long, narrow. Fore-wings with the humerus

emitting into the disk, at a little beyond half its length, a branch

from whence the two spurious veins proceed; ulna rather less

than one-third of the length of the humerus; radius extending

nearly to the tip of the wings, more than twice the length of

the ulna; cubitus very short, furcate.

This genus belongs to the Tonymide, and is most nearly allied

to Megastigmus, but it has also a tendency to the structure of the

Leucospide, and shows the transition between these two families.

Metamorpha leucospoides.

Feem.—Nigya; caput antice flavum nigro vittatum, oculis flavo

submarginatis ; prothorax flavo quadrimaculatus ;_ parap-

sides, paraptera et scutellum flavo marginata ; abdomen basi

subtusque flavum, segmentis fiavo marginatis; pedes lutei,

coxis flavis nigro vartis, femoribus posticis nigris apice luteis,

tibiis tarsisque posticis flavis; alee lurido-cinerez.

Female.—Black. Head in front yellow, with a black stripe ;

orbits of the eyes yellow, except on each side of the vertex.

Prothorax with a large yellow spot on each side, and with two

triangular spots on the hind border. Parapsides, scutellum and

paraptera bordered with yellow; hind border of the mesothorax

also yellow. Abdomen yellow at the base and beneath; hind

borders of the segments with yellow lines, which are interrupted

in the middle and dilated on each side. Legs luteous; coxe

yellow, varied with black ; hind-femora black, with luteous tips ;

hind-tibize and hind-tarsi yellow. Wings cinereous, with a lurid

tinge; veins black.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Bootan. Discovered by Dr. Pemberton.

Genus SMIERA.

Smiera referator.

Feem.—Luteo-flava; caput et thorax scabrosa; caput supra

nigrum ; antenne pice, filiformes, subtus luteze, scapo

flavo; thorax plaga strigaque nigris, scutello merm1 ; petiolus

brevis; abdomen compressum, lanceolatum, thorace duple

longius, segmentorum discis nigris ; pedes nigro vittati, femo-

ribus posticis dentatis; ala cinereze, apud costam lutes-

centes.

Female.—Luteous-yellow, pubescent. Head and thorax largely

AA2

348 Mr. F. Walker’s Wotes on Chalcidites,

scabrous. Head black above; face vertical. Antenne piccous,

filiform, luteous beneath; scape yellow. Thorax with the usual

structure; disk black; scutellum unarmed, with a black streak.

Petiole short. Abdomen compressed, lanceolate, much narrower

than the thorax, and about twice its length ; segments with black

disks. Coxe, femora and hind-tibize with black stripes; hind-

femora much incrassated, with very large teeth. Wings cinereous,

with a luteous tinge along the costa; veins black; ulna full half

the length of the humerus; radius nearly as long as the ulna;

cubitus very short.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Ega. Discovered by Mr. Bates. In the British Museum.

Smiera illata.

Mas.—Nigra; caput apud oculos flavum; antennz basi subtus

flavee; prothorax flavo marginatus; mesothorax flavo bi-

strigatus et bimaculatus; petiolus longus ; abdomen breve ;

pedes flavi, nigro cincti ; alee cinerez.

Male.—Black. Head and thorax minutely scabrous. Head

yellcw about the eyes. Antenne linear, shorter than the thorax ;

scape yellow beneath. Prothorax bordered with yellow in front

and on each side; the foreband interrupted. Mesothorax with

an oblique yellow streak on each side of the scutum, and with a

yellow spot on each side of the scutellum ; calli at the base of the

fore-wings yellow. Metathorax roughly scabrous. Petiole slender,

a little shorter than the oval abdomen; the latter very much nar-

rower than the thorax, and not more than half its length. Legs

yellow. Hind-coxe black. Hind-femora with many very minute

teeth ; tips black ; a large black spot on each side, dilated on the

inner side and extending to the tip. Anterior femora black at the

base. Hind-tibize black at the base and towards the tips. Wings

cinereous; veins black; ulna hardly half the length of the

humerus; radius nearly as long as the ulna; cubitus very short.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

Ega. In Mr. Smith’s collection.

Genus Erirranus.

Epitranus impulsator.

Mas.—Niger, gracilis; caput et thorax punctata, nitentia ;

caput non impressum, facie plana perobliqua; antenne rufe,

sub filiformes, scapo longissimo ; scutellum inerme; petiolus

striatus, longissimus ; abdomen ellipticum, subcompressum ;

and Characters of undescribed Species. 349

pedes obscuré rufi, femoribus posticis nigris dentatis, tibiis

posticis unituberculatis ; ale cinerez, angustee.

Male.—Black, comparatively slender. Head and thorax largely

punctured, but not dull nor pubescent as in nearly all the species

of this family. Head not impressed in front; face smooth, flat,

very oblique. Antenne red, nearly filiform, inserted by the mouth,

shorter than the thorax ; scape about two-thirds of the length of

the flagellum. Thorax slightly convex, with the usual structure ;

hind border of the prothorax reddish on each side; scutellum un-

armed. Petiole linear, striated longitudinally, almost as long as

the abdomen. Abdomen elliptical, slightly compressed, deeper

than broad; first segment occupying five-sixths of the surface.

Legs dark red; hind-coxe and hind-femora mostly black, the

former nearly as large as the latter, which are incrassated and have

a short obtuse tooth at the base, and many extremely minute

teeth; hind-tibize with a protuberance above, near the base.

Wings cinereous, narrow; veins black; ulna almost three-fourths

of the length of the humerus; radius and stigma obsolete ;

cubitus very short, forming a very acute angle with the costa.

Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

Makessar, Celebes. Discovered by Mr. Wallace. In the British

Museuin.

Epitranus observator.

Foem.—Niger, gracilis; caput et thorax punctata, nitentia ;

caput thorace paullo latius, facie rufescente perobliqua ;

antenne picee, filiformes, thorace breviores, scapo rufo;

scutellum inerme; petiolus striatus, elongatus; abdomen

ellipticum, breve, subtus rufescens; pedes rufi, femoribus

posticis nigris dentatis, tibiis posticis unituberculatis ; alee

cinerez, angustz.

Female.—Black, rather slender. Head and thorax largely

punctured, but shining. Head a little broader than the thorax,

not excavated in front; face reddish, extremely oblique, Antennze

piceous, linear, much shorter than the thorax ; scape red, inserted

by the mouth. Thorax with the usual structure ; scutellum un-

armed; metathorax almost horizontal. Petiole linear, striated

longitudinally, almost half the length of the elliptical slightly com-

pressed abdomen; the latter reddish beneath, much shorter than

the thorax. Legs red; hind-femora black, much incrassated, with

a short obtuse tooth at the base, and with many extremely minute

teeth; hind-tibize with a protuberance above near the base.

Wings cinereous, narrow; veins black; ulna a little shorter than

350: Mr. F. Walker’s Notes on Chalcidites,

the humerus; radius and stigma obsolete; cubitus extremely

short.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

Sierra Leone. Discovered by Mr. Foxcroft. In the British

Museum.

This species and the Celebes £. zmpulsator have evidently a

common origin, and probably one of them was transported in

very recent times to the region now inhabited by the other.

Their distinction as races or as sub-species cannot be determined

until more specimens are procured from both localities.

Epitranus ruptator.

Mas.—Rufescente piceus; caput et thorax sub-punctata, sub-

nitentia ; facies perobliqua ; antennee rufee, filiformes, thorace

paullé breviores; thorax breviusculus, scutello inermi;

petiolus longus, gracilis, sulcatus; abdomen ellipticum, cla-

vatum; pedes obscuré rufi, femoribus posticis dentatis ; alz

sub-cineree.

Male.—Reddish-piceous. Head and thorax minutely punc-

tured, slightly shining. Head hardly as broad as the thorax ;

face very oblique. Antenne red, filiform, a little shorter than

the thorax, inserted near the mouth. Thorax rather short, with

the usual structure; scutellum unarmed. Petiole slender, linear,

sulcated, about half the length of the thorax and somewhat shorter

than the elliptical, slightly compressed, and very deep abdomen.

Legs dull red, with the usual structure; hind-coxe and hind-

femora much incrassated, the latter armed beneath with several

minute teeth. Wings slightly cinereous; veins black; ulna full

half the length of the humerus; radius and cubitus extremely

short.

Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 5 lines.

Port Natal. Discovered by M. Gueinzius. In the British

Museum,

Genus CHALtcis.

Chalcis comitator.

Mas.—Nigya, crassa; thorax densé punctatus; antennee sub-

filiformes, thorace breviores; scutellum inerme; metathorax

scaber: abdomen ovatum, acutum, thorace non longius;

pedes tibiis anticis supra, tibiis posterioribus apice genubus-

que albis, femoribus posticis dentatis ; alee cinereze.

Male.—Black, broad, thick, with hoary pubescence. Head

and thorax thickly punctured. Head impressed in front; face

and Characters of undescribed Species. 351

not oblique. Antenne stout, nearly filiform, shorter than the

thorax. Thorax with the usual structure, unarmed except a

protuberance behind the scutellum. Metathorax largely scabrous.

Petiole extremely short. Abdomen oval, acute, narrower but

not longer than the thorax. Legs with the usual structure; knees

and tips of the tibize white; fore-tibize white above ; hind-femora

much incrassated, armed beneath with several minute teeth.

Wings cinereous; veins black. Fore-wings with a brownish

tinge towards the base; ulna hardly half the length of the

humerus; radius nearly half the length of the ulna; cubitus

extremely short.

Length of the body 34 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

Mexico. Discovered by M. Sallé. In the British Museum.

Chalcis pendator.

Mas.—Nigra, robusta; caput et thorax sub-punctata; antennze

filiformes, thorace breviores; thorax callis pallidé flavis,

scutello inermi, metathorace scabro; abdomen ellipticum,

breve ; pedes femoribus apice, coxis posticis subtus tarsisque

flavis, tibiis flavis nigro fasciatis; ale cinerez.

Male.—Black, robust. Head and thorax minutely punctured.

Antenne thick, linear, shorter than the thorax. Thorax with the

usual structure; scutellum unarmed; callus at the base of the

fore-wings pale yellow; metathorax largely scabrous. Petiole

extremely short. Abdomen elliptical, a little narrower and much

shorter than the thorax. Femora with yellow tips; hind-coxz

yellow beneath; hind-femora incrassated, armed beneath with

several minute teeth; tibize yellow, with a broad black band;

tarsi yellow; fore-tarsi tawny. Wings cinereous; veins black ;

ulna hardly half the length of the humerus; radius shorter than

the ulna; cubitus extremely short.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

St. Domingo. Discovered by Mr. Tweedie. In the British

Museum.

Chalcis restituta.

Foem.—Nigra, crassa; caput et thorax sub-punctata ; antennze

filiformes, thorace breviores; thorax callis albis, scutello

bidentato, metathorace scabro; abdomen ellipticum, postice

sub-attenuatum, thorace brevius; pedes rufi, femoribus apice

tibiisque basi apiceque flavis ; alee cinereze.

Female.—Black, thick. Head and thorax minutely punctured.

Antenne robust, linear, shorter than the thorax. Thorax with

352 Mr. F. Walker’s Notes on Chalcidites,

the usual structure; scutellum bidentate; callus at the base of

the fore-wings white; metathorax scabrous; petiole extremely

short. Abdomen elliptical, slightly antenuated hindward, shorter

but hardly narrower than the thorax. Legs red; femora with

pale yellow tips; hind-femora much incrassated, armed beneath

with many minute teeth; tibiae pale yellow at the base and at the

tips. Wings cinereous; veins black; ulna about one-third of the

length of the humerus; radius less than half the length of the

ulna; cubitus véry short.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

Jamaica. Discovered by Mr. Gosse. In the British Museum.

The less shining thorax, and the slightly shorter and broader

abdomen are the only characters in which this species seems to

differ from C. Polyctor (post, p. 354).

Chalcts impleaa.

Mas.—Nigra, crassa; caput et thorax sub-scabra; antennez sub-

clavate, thorace breviores; thorax flavescenti pubescens,

scutello inermi, metathorace scabroso; abdomen longi-

ellipticum, thorace vix longius, apicem versus flavescenti

pubescens; pedes femoribus posticis apice flavo strigatis,

tibiis posticis supra genubusque flavis; alze antice basi sub-

fuscescentes.

Male.—Black, broad, thick. Head and thorax minutely sca-

brous. Antennz stout, sub-clavate, shorter than the thorax.

Thorax with the usual structure, thinly covered with yellowish

pubescence; scutellum unarmed; metathorax very largely

scabrous. Petiole extremely short. Abdomen elongate, elliptical,

narrower, but hardly longer, than the thorax; apical half thickly

covered with yellowish pubescence. Knees yellow. Hind-femora

much incrassated with a yellow apical streak, armed beneath with

several small teeth; hind-tibiz yellow above. Wings cinereous:

veins black. Fore-wings with a brownish tinge towards the base;

ulna about half the length of the humerus; radius full one-third

of the length of the ulna; cubitus very short.

Length of the body 43 lines; of the wings 7% lines.

Ega. Discovered by Mr. Bates. In the British Museum.

Chalcis decreta.

Feem.—Nigra; caput et thorax sub-punctata; facies perobliqua ;

antenne crassze, filiformes, thorace breviores; scutellum

bidentatum; abdomen fusiforme, thorace longius, apice

peracutum; pedes pallide flavi, femoribus supra coxisque

nigris, tiblis posticis nigro fasciatis; ala cineree.

and Characters of undescribed Species. 353

Female.—Black. Head and thorax minutely punctured. Face

very oblique. Antenne thick, filiform, shorter than the thorax,

Thorax with the usual structure; scutellum minutely bidentate.

Petiole extremely short. Abdomen fusiform, slightly compressed,

longer and narrower than the thorax, very acute at the tip. Legs

pale yellow; coxz black; anterior femora black above, except

towards the tips; hind-coxz yellow beneath; hind-femora black,

much incrassated, yellow at the base and at the tips, armed

beneath with one large, and with several small teeth; hind-tibize

with a broad black band. Wings cinereous; veins black; ulna

full half the length of the humerus; radius and cubitus very

short.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

Santarem. Discovered by Mr. Bates. In the British

Museum.

Chalcis separata.

Fom.—Nigra; caput et thorax subtilissimé punctata; antenne

sub-clavate, scapo flavo; scutellum inerme;_petiolus

brevissimus ; abdomen basi ovatum, apice longissimé

stylatum; pedes flavi; coxis nigris, femoribus anteri-

oribus basi piceis, femoribus posticis nigris dentatis valdé

incrassatis apice flavis, tibiis posticis piceo notatis; ale

sub-cinerez.

Female.—Black, smooth, shining. Head and thorax very

minutely punctured. Antenne sub-clavate, shorter than the

thorax; scape yellow. Thorax with the usual structure;

scutellum unarmed. Petiole extremely short. Abdomen with

the basal part oval, a little longer than the thorax; apical part

compressed, slender, stylate, of equal depth except at the base, as

long as the preceding part of the body. Legs yellow; coxz black ;

anterior femora piceous at the base; hind-femora black, much in-

crassated, yellow towards the tips, armed beneath with very

minute teeth; hind-tibiz with a piceous mark in the middle.

Wings slightly cinereous; veins black; ulna more than half the

length of the humerus; radius and cubitus extremely short.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

Ega. Discovered by Mr. Bates. In the British Museum.

Chalcis concitator.

Mas.—Nigra, crassa; caput et thorax sub-punctata; antennz

filiformes, thorace paullé6 breviores; thorax callis flavis,

scutello bidentato, metathorace scabro ; abdomen ellipticum,

364 Mr, F. Walker’s Votes on Chalcidites,

thorace brevius, apicem versus pubescens; pedes flavi,

femoribus posticis nigris basi flavo guttatis apice flavis ; alz

cineree.

Male.—Black, thick. Head and thorax very minutely punc-

tured. Antenne stout, linear, a little shorter than the thorax.

Thorax with the usual structure; scutellum bidentate ; calli at

the base of the fore-wings pale yellow. Metathorax scabrous.

Petiole extremely short. Abdomen elliptical, shorter and

narrower than the thorax, pubescent hindward. Legs yellow ;

coxze black; hind-femora black, much incrassated, armed beneath

with minute yellow-tipped teeth, with a yellow dot at the hbase

beneath. Wings cinereous; veins black; ulna about half the

length of the humerus; radius not more than one-fourth of the

length of the ulna; cubitus very short.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

Santarem. Discovered by Mr. Bates. In the British Museum.

Chalcis Polyctor.

Mas et Foem.—Nigra, robusta; caput et thorax densé punc-

tata, capite excavato; antennz sub-clavatee, thorace bre-

viores; thorax callis albis, scutello bidentato; abdomen

ellipticum; pedes albo varii, femoribus tibiisque posticis

tarsisque rufis ; alee cinerez.

Chalcis Polyctor, Walk. ‘‘ The Entomologist,” 218.

Male and Female—Black, stout. Head and thorax thickly

punctured. Head much excavated in front. Antenne sub-

clavate, robust, shorter than the thorax. Thorax with the usual

structure; scutellum bidentate; callus at the base of the fore-

wings white. Petiole extremely short. Abdomen elliptical,

shorter than the thorax in the male, full as long as the thorax in

the female, where it is slightly attenuated towards the acute tip.

Tarsi red. Anterior femora black, with white tips; anterior

tibize white at the base and at the tips. Hind-femora red, much

incrassated, with white tips, armed beneath with several rather

large teeth; hind-tibiz red, white at the base and at the tips.

Wings cinereous; veins black; ulna full half the length of the

humerus in the male, less than half the length of the humerus in

the female; radius and cubitus very short.

Length of the body 2}—3 lines; of the wings 4 —5 lines.

West and South Africa. In the British Museum.

The former description of this species is incomplete.

and Characters of undescribed Species. 305

Chalcis responsator.

Mas.—Nigra; caput et thorax sub-punctata; antennz fili-

formes, thorace breviores; thorax callis flavis, scutello bi-

dentato, metathorace scabro; abdomen brevi-ellipticum ;

pedes flavi, femoribus anterioribus basi tibiisque posticis

subtus coxisque nigris, femoribus posticis rufis, macula ex-

teriore nigra guttaque apicali flava ; alee limpide.

Male.—Black, thick. Head and thorax minutely punctured.

Antennee thick, linear, shorter than the thorax. Thorax with the

usual structure; scutellum bidentate, bordered with cinereous

pnbescence; calli at the base of the fore-wings pale yellow;

metathorax scabrous. Petiole extremely short. Abdomen short,

elliptical, very highly arched, much shorter and a little narrower

than the thorax ; hind part with bands of cinereous pubescence.

Legs pale yellow; anterior femora towards the base and coxe

black; hind-femora red, much incrassated, with a blackish spot

on the outer side and with a yellow apical dot, armed beneath

with several minute teeth; hind-tibize black beneath. Wings

limpid ; veins black; ulna a little less than half the length of the

- humerus; radius much shorter than the ulna; cubitus very short.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

North Hindostan. In the British Museum.

Chalcis inclinator.

Mas.—Nigra, crassa; caput et thorax densé punctata; antenne

filiformes, thorace breviores; thorax callis flavis, scutello

bidentato, metathorace scabro; abdomen brevi-ellipticum ;

pedes flavi, coxis femoribusque nigris, his apice flavis; ale

cinerea.

Male.—Black, robust. Head and thorax thickly and minutely

punctured. Antennz stout, linear, shorter than the thorax.

Thorax with the usual structure; scutellum with two minute

teeth ; callus at the base of the fore-wings yellow ; metathorax

scabrous. Petiole extremely short. Abdomen short, elliptical,

much shorter than the thorax. Legs yellow; coxe and femora

black ; the latter with yellow tips; hind-femora much incrassated,

with one large tooth near the base and with several minute teeth.

Wings cinereous; veins black; ulna fuli half the length of the

humerus; radius much less than half the length of the ulna;

cubitus very short.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

Sarawak, Borneo. Batchian. Hong Kong. Discovered by

356 Mr. F. Walker’s Notes on Chalcidites,

Mr. Bowring. Aru Island. Discovered by Mr. Wallace. In

the British Museum.

Chalcis sociator.

Feem.— Nigra, crassa; caput et thorax punctata, subnitentia;

antenne sub-clavatee, thorace breviores; thorax callis flavis,

scutello inermi, metathorace scabro; abdomen ellipticum,

thorace paullo brevius ; pedes flavi, coxis femoribusque

nigris, his apice flavis, tibiis nigro strigatis ; alee cinerez.

Female.—Black, robust. Head and thorax punctured, slightly

shining. Antenne stout, sub-clavate, shorter than the thorax.

Thorax with the usual structure ; scutellum unarmed; calli at the

base of the fore-wings pale yellow; metathorax scabrous. Petiole

extremely short. Abdomen elliptical, a little shorter but hardly

narrower than the thorax. Legs yellow; cox and femora black,

the latter with yellow tips; tibize streaked above with black :

hind-femora much incrassated, armed beneath with many minute

teeth. Wings cinereous ; veins black; ulna about half the length

of the humerus; radius much less than half the length of the ulna;

cubitus very short.

‘Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

Sarawak, Borneo. Discovered by Mr. Wallace. In the

British Museum.

Chalcis nitator.

Mas.—Nigra, crassa; caput et thorax subtilissimé punctata ;

thorax callis flavis, scutello bidentato, metathorace scabro ;

abdomen brevissimum, apicem versus rufescens; pedes flavi,

femoribus anterioribus basi femoribusque posticis nigris, his

apice flavis ; alee limpidee.

Male.—Black, thick. Head and thorax very minutely punc-

tured. Antenne wanting. Thorax with the usual structure;

scutellum bidentate; calli at the base of the fore-wings pale

yellow; metathorax scabrous. Petiole extremely short. Abdo-

men very short, elliptical, very highly arched, dark red towards

the tip, much shorter but hardly narrower than the thorax. Legs

pale yellow ; anterior femora at the base and coxe black ; hind-

femora black, much incrassated, yellow at the tips, armed beneath

with minute teeth. Wings limpid ; veins black; ulna about half

the length of the humerus; radius much shorter than the ulna;

cubitus very short.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

North Australia. Discovered by Mr. Elsey. In the British

Museum.

and Characters of undescribed Species. 357

Genus HatricEe.ia.

Halticella ensator.

Mas et Foem.—Nigra; caput et thorax scabrosa; caput valde

impressum; antennee thorace non breviores ; calli rufes-

centi-picei; scutellum inerme ; metathorax bidentatus;

petiolus brevissimus; abdomen rufescenti-piceum; femora

postica incrassata, octo-dentata; alee anticee dimidio basali

fuscescente. Mas.—Abdomen longi-ellipticum, thorace bre-

vius. Mcem.—Abdomen thorace multo longius, apicem ver-

sus nigrum, stylatum.

Female.—-Black. Head and thorax largely scabrous. Head

deeply impressed in front for the reception of the scape of the

antenne ; the latter hardly thicker towards their tip, as long as the

thorax. Prothorax sub-quadrate, more than twice broader than

long. Mesothorax with the calli at the base of the fore-wings red-

dish-piceous ; hind border of the scutellum prominent; meta-

thorax bidentate. Petiole very short. Abdomen much longer

than the thorax ; basal part elongate-oval, reddish-piceous ; apical

part stylate, compressed, of equal depth, shorter than the preceding

part. Hind-legs of the usual form ; hind-femora armed beneath

with eight teeth of equal size. Wings cinereous; veins black.

Fore-wings brownish from the base to the cubitus; ulna about half

the length of the humerus; radius very short, longer than the

cubitus.

Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 9 lines.

Male.—Antenne slender, filiform. Abdomen elongate-ellip-

tical, shorter and a little narrower than the thorax.

Length of the body 4 lines.

Sarawak, Borneo. Discovered by Mr. Wallace. In the

British Museum.

Halticella ducator.

Foem.—Nigra; caput et thorax scabrosa; caput impressum,

facie perobliqua ; antenne filiformes, thorace paullo longiores;

scutellum inerme ; metathorax bidentatus; petiolus brevis-

simus ; abdomen thorace multo longius, basi fusiforme rufes-

centi-piceum, apice nigrum stylatum ; femora postica incras-

sata, decem-dentata ; alc cinerez.

Female.—Black. Head and thorax scabrous. Head impressed

in front; face very oblique. Antenne filiform, a little longer than

the thorax. Thorax like that of H. ensator in structure. Petiole

very short. Abdomen very much longer than the thorax ; basal

358 Mr. F. Walker’s Votes on Chalcidites,

part fusiform, slightly compressed, reddish-piceous; apical part

stylate, compressed, of equal breadth, a little shorter than the

preceding part. Hind-legs of the usual form ; hind-femora armed

beneath with ten teeth of nearly equal size. Wings cinereous ;

veins black. Fore-wings with the ulna about half the length of

the humerus; radius and cubitus very short, of equal length.

Length of the body 9 lines ; of the wings 10 lines.

Amboina, Ceram. Discovered by Mr. Wallace. In the British

Museum.

Flalticella properator.

Feem.—Nigra; caput et thorax scabrosa; caput impressum,

facie perobliqua; scutellum inerme ; metathorax bidentatus ;

petiolus brevissimus; abdomen thorace valdé longius, basi

longi-ellipticum, apice stylatum punctatum; tarsi picel;

femora postica incrassata, septem-dentata; ale fuscescenti-

cineree.

Female.—Black. Head and thorax scabrous. Head and thorax

in structure like those of H. ducator (sup. p. 857), but with the face

more oblique. Petiole very short. Abdomen very much longer

than the thorax ; basal part elongate-elliptical ; apical part stylate,

compressed, punctured along most of the length, very slightly

decreasing in depth to the tip, a little longer than the preceding

part. Tarsi piceous. Hind-legs of the usual form; femora

armed beneath with seven minute teeth. Wings brownish cine-

reous; veins black; ulna about half the length of the humerus ;

radius and cubitus very short.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

Java. Discovered by Mr. Bowring. In the British Museum.

FHalticella tentator.

Mas et Feem.—Nigra; caput et thorax scabrosa; caput valdé

impressum ; antenne filiformes ; calli rufi; scutellum inerme;

metathorax bidentatus; petiolus brevissimus; abdomen

rufum; femora postica incrassata, dentata; alee anticze

cinereze, apud costam luride. M/as.—Abdomen fusiforme,

thorace paullo brevius. /em.—Abdomen thorace valdé

longius, basi fusiforme, apicem versus stylatum.

Female.— Black. Head and thorax largely scabrous, like those

of H. ensator (sup. p. 357) in structure. Antennee filiform; calli

at the base of the fore-wings red. Petiole very short. Abdomen

very much longer than the thorax ; basal part fusiform, red ; apical

part stylate, compressed, of equal depth, much shorter than the

and Characters of undescribed Species. 309

basal part. Hind-legs of the usual form; hind-femora armed

beneath with minute teeth. Wings cinereous; veins black. Fore-

wings with a lurid tinge along the costa; ulna less than half the

length of the humerus; radius and cubitus very short.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 9 lines.

Male.—Antenne longer than those of the female. Abdomen

red, fusiform, a little shorter than the thorax.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Singapore. Discovered by Mr. Wallace. In the British

Museum.

Halticella signator.

Feem.—Nigra; caput et thorax scabrosa; caput valdé im-

pressum, facie obliqua; antenne filiformes, thorace non

breviores; scutellum inerme; metathorax bidentatus; petiolus

brevissimus; abdomen thorace multo longius, basi longi-

ellipticum, apice stylatum punctatum ; tarsi obscuré rufes-

centes; femora postica incrassata, quadridentata; ale cinerez,

basi apud costam nigricantes.

Female.—Black. Head and thorax scabrous, in structure like

those of H. ensator (sup. p. 357) ; face oblique. Antenne filiform,

as long as the thorax. Petiole very short. Abdomen much longer

than the thorax; basal part elongate-elliptical ; apical part stylate,

compressed, punctured, a little deeper at the tip, much shorter

than the basal part. Tarsi dark reddish. Hind-legs of the usual

form; hind-femora much incrassated, armed with four large teeth.

Wings cinereous, blackish along the costa towards the base; veins

black; ulna about half the length of the humerus; radius and

cubitus very short.

Length of the body 53 lines; of the wings 9 lines.

Java. Discovered by Mr. Bowring. In the British Museum.

Halticella motator.

Foem.—Nigra; caput et thorax scabrosa; caput valdé im-

pressum, facie perobliqua; antennee filiformes, thorace non

breviores; scutellum inerme; metathorax bidentatus; petiolus

brevissimus; abdomen thorace valdé longius, basi longi-

ellipticum, apice stylatum; femora postica incrassata,

dentata; alee cinereze, dimidio basali nigricante. 3

Female-—Black. Head and thorax finely scabrous, in structure

like those of H. ensator (sup. p. 357); face very oblique. Antenne

filiferm, as long as the thorax. Petiole very short. Abdomen much

longer than the thorax; basal part elongate-elliptical; apical part

360 Mr. F. Walker’s Notes on Chalcidites,

stylate, compressed, very little deeper at the tip, much shorter

than the preceding part. Hind-legs of the usual form; hind-

femora much incrassated, their teeth successively decreasing in

size towards the tips. Wings cinereous; veins black. Fore-wings

blackish from the base to the cubitus; ulna more than half the

length of the humerus; radius and cubitus very short. Hind-

wings blackish for full two-thirds of the length from the base.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Sarawak, Borneo. Discovered by Mr. Wallace. In the Bri-

tish Museum.

Halticella gladiator.

Feem.—Nigra, sat gracilis; caput et thorax scabrosa; caput

valdé impressum, facie perobliqua; antennz graciles, fili-

formes, thorace non longiores; scutellum inerme ; abdomen

thorace longius, basi rufum longi-ellipticum, apice stylatum ;

femora postica dentata; tarsi rufi; alee fuscescente cineree.

Female.— Black, rather narrow. Head and thorax largely

scabrous. Head much impressed in front; face very oblique.

Antenne slender, filiform, inserted near the mouth, as long as the

thorax. Thorax with the usual structure; scutellum unarmed.

Petiole extremely short. Abdomen longer than the thorax; basal

part elongate-elliptical; its first segment occupying more than

half the surface, red towards the base; all the following segments’

very short, with cinereous pubescence ; apical part forming a

lanceolate style, full half the length of the preceding part. ‘Tarsi

and anterior knees red; hind-femora much incrassated, armed

beneath with eight very minute teeth. Wings brownish-cinereous;

veins black ; ulna hardly one-third of the length of the humerus ;

radius extremely short; cubitus very little longer than the radius.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Sarawak, Borneo. Discovered by Mr. Wallace. In the British

Museum.

Halticella declarator.

Mas.—Nigra, crassa; caput et thorax scabra; caput impres-

sum, facie sub-obliqua ; antenne graciles, filiformes, thorace -

longiores; scutellum inerme ; abdomen ellipticum, thorace

non longius ; femora postica dentata; ale cinereze, dimidio

basali nigricante fusco.

Male.-—Black. Head and thorax scabrous. Head impressed

in front; face slightly oblique. Antenne slender, filiform, longer

than the thorax, red for full one-third of the length from the tips.

Thorax pubescent, with the usual structure, unarmed, with the

and Characters of undescribed Species. 361

exception of a protuberance behind the scutellum. Petiole ex-

tremely short. Abdomen elliptical, not longer than the thorax.

Hind-legs with the usual structure; femora much incrassated,

armed beneath with several small teeth. Wings cinereous, blackish-

brown for half the length from the base; veins black ; ulna full

half the length of the humerus; radius and cubitus very short.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

Ega. Discovered by Mr. Bates. In the British Museum.

Halticella busalis.

Feem.—Nigra; caput et thorax scabrosa; caput impressum,

facie obliqua ; antennz apices versus sub-crassiores; scutel-

lum inerme; metathorax bidentatus; petiolus brevissimus ;

abdomen thorace multo longius, basi rufescens longi-ovatum,

apice stylatum; tarsi rufi; femora postica incrassata, sex-

dentata; alee cinerez.

Female.—Black. Head and thorax largely scabrous. Front

impressed as usual; face oblique. Antenne a little thicker

towards the tips. Thorax with the usual structure. Petiole very

short. Abdomen much longer than the thorax ; basal part elon-

gate-oval, dark red towards the petiole, with hoary pubescence on

the hind borders of the segments on each side; apical part com-

pressed, stylate, hardly deeper at the tip, much shorter than the

basal part. Tarsi red. Hind-legs of the usual form; hind-

femora incrassated, armed beneath with six moderate-sized teeth.

Wings cinereous; veins black; ulna less than half the length of

the humerus; radius and cubitus very short.

Length of the body 4—5 lines; of the wings 6—S lines.

Para. Discovered by Mr. Bates. In the British Museum.

Halticella liberator.

Fom.—Nigra; caput et thorax subtilissimé punctata; caput

valdé impressum, facie perobliqua ; antenne graciles, filifor-

mes, thorace paullo longiores; scutellumbispinosum; petiolus

brevissimus ; abdomen thorace vix longius, basi ovatum,

apice stylatum ; femora postica valdé incrassata, non dentata ;

alee anticze fasciis duabus abbreviatis nigricantibus.

Female.—Black. Head and thorax very minutely punctured.

Head deeply impressed in front; face very oblique. Antenne

slender, filiform, seated near the mouth, a little longer than the

thorax. Thorax of the usual structure ; scutellum armed with

two short ascending spines. Petiole extremely short. Abdomen

VOL. I. THIRD SERIES, PART Iv.—Nov. 1862. BB

362 Mr. F. Walker’s Notes on Chalcidites,

oval, hardly longer than the thorax; 2nd segment about half the

length of the Ist ; 3rd segment less than half the length of the

2nd; the following segments extremely short; apical part forming

a compressed lanceolate style, about’one-fourth of the length of

the preceding part. Hind-femora much inerassated, slightly

notched but not dentate beneath; hind-tibize curved, compressed,

slightly dilated. Wings cinereous. Fore-wings with two blackish,

hindward-shortened bands; the 2nd full twice the breadth of the

Ist; veins black; ulna about one-fourth of the length of the

humerus; radius and cubitus nearly obsolete.

Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 5 lines.

Port Natal. Discovered by M. Gueinzius. In the British

Museum,

Halticella proctotuperator.

Feem.—Nigra ; caput et thorax scabrosa; caput valdé impres-

sum, facie perobliquaé; antennz sub-filiformes, thorace non

longiores; thorax callis rufis, scutello inermi; abdomen

rufescente-nigrum, basi longi-ovatum, apice stylatum; femora

postica dentata; tarsi rufi; ale cinereze, apud medium sub-

fuscescentes.

Female.—Black, with cinereous tomentum. Head and thorax

scabrous. Head deeply impressed ; face very oblique. Antennee

robust, almost filiform, not longer than the thorax. Calli at the

base of the fore-wings red. Scutellum unarmed. Petiole very

short. Abdomen reddish-black, much longer than the thorax,

elongate-oval, with the exception of the apical part; the latter

stylate, compressed, of equal depth, much shorter than the

preceding part. Hind-femora much incrassated, armed beneath

with minute teeth. Tarsi red. Wings cinereous, with a brown

tinge about the middle; veins black; ulna about half the length

of the humerus; radius and cubitus very short.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

This species is closely allied to H. tentator (ante, p. 358), but

may be distinguished by the shorter stylate part of the abdomen.

Singapore. Discovered by Mr. Wallace. In the collection of

Mr. Saunders.

Halticella lanceolator.

Fem.—Nigra, sat gracilis; caput et thorax scabra; caput

valdé impressum, facie perobliqua; antennee filiformes, sat

graciles, thorace non Jongiores ; thorax callis nigris, scutello

inermi; abdomen basi rufum longi-ovatum, apice stylatum ;

femora postica dentata; tarsi rufi; alee fuscescente cinerez.

and Characters of undescribed Species. 363

Female.—Black, rather slender. Head and thorax scabrous.

Head deeply impressed; face very oblique. Antenne filiform,

rather slender, not longer than the thorax. Thorax with black

calli at the base of the fore-wings; scutellum prominent, unarmed.

Petiole very short. Abdomen red towards the base, very much

longer than the thorax, elongate-oval with the exception of the

stylate part ; the latter compressed, of nearly equal depth, nearly

as long as the preceding part. Hind-femora much incrassated,

armed beneath with several teeth of moderate size. Tarsi red.

Wings brownish-cinereous ; veins black ; ulna full half the length

of the humerus; radius and cubitus very short.

Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

Aru, Batchian, and Kaisan. Discovered by Mr. Wallace. In

the collection of Mr. Saunders.

Halticella minator.

Mas.—Nigra, sat gracilis ; caput et thorax sub-punctata; caput

valdé impressum, facie perobliquaé; antenne robustee, fili-

formes, thorace non breviores ; scutellum bidentatum; meta-

thorax scaber ; abdomen ellipticum, thorace brevius ; femora

postica non dentata ; alee cineree.

Male.—Black, rather slender. Head and thorax minutely

punctured. Head much impressed in front; face very oblique.

Antenne stout, linear, inserted by the mouth, full as long as the

thorax. Thorax with the usual structure; scutellum bidentate ;

metathorax scabrous. Petiole extremely short. Abdomen ellip-

tical, slightly convex, shorter and a little narrower than the thorax.

Legs wholly black; hind-femora incrassated, unarmed. Wings

cinereous ; veins black ; ulna about one-fifth of the length of the

humerus ; radius and cubitus extremely short.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 4 lines.

Port Natal. Discovered by M. Gueinzius. In the British

Museum. .

HAalticella versator.

Feem.—Nigra, gracilis, subtus rufescens; caput et thorax

scabrosa; facies perobliqua; antenne graciles, filiformes,

thorace non longiores; thorax rufo varius, scutello inermi ;

petiolus brevissimus; abdomen thorace paullo longius, basi

fusiforme, apice rufum lanceolatum; pedes rufi, femoribus

nigris rufo variis, femoribus posticis incrassatis dentatis ; alee

cinerea.

Female.—Black, slender and but slightly convex with regard to

BB2

364 Mr. F. Walker’s Notes on Chalcidites,

the tribe, mostly dark red beneath. Head and thorax roughly

scabrous; face very oblique. Antenne slender, filiforrn, not

longer than the thorax. Thorax with the usual structure, red

in front; scutellum unarmed. © Petiole extremely short. Abdo-

men with the basal part fusiform, a little narrower and longer

than the thorax; apical part red, slender, lanceolate, about half the

length of the preceding part. Legs red; femora mostly black ;

hind-femora much incrassated, armed beneath with several rather

large teeth. Wings cinereous; veins black; ulna less than half

the length of the humerus ; radius and cubitus very short.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 43 lines.

South Africa. In the British Museum.

Hlalticella spinator.

Foem.—Nigra, crassa; caput et thorax densissimé punctata ;

caput valdé impressum, facie perobliqua; antenne filiformes,

thorace multO breviores; scutellum peracutum, valdé pro-

ductum ; metathorax scaber ; abdomen ovatum, peracutum,

thorace paullo brevius; femora postica non dentata; ale

anticee obscuré cinereee, litura apud costam nigricante.

Female.—Black, robust, with cinereous tomentum. Head and

thorax very thickly punctured. Head very deeply impressed ;

face extremely oblique. Antenne filiform, inserted near the

mouth, much shorter than the thorax. Scutellum prolonged into

a stout very acute spine, extending over the basal part of the

abdomen. Metathorax scabrous. Petiole extremely short. Ab-

domen oval, very acute, a little narrower and shorter than the

thorax. Hind-femora incrassated, not dentate; hind-tibize

curved, slightly dilated. Wings dark cinereous; veins black.

Fore-wings with a blackish mark by the ulna; the latter less than

one-fourth of the length of the humerus; radius very slender, a

little longer than the ulna; cubitus extremely short.

Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 7 lines.

Singapore. Discovered by Mr. Wallace. In Mr. Saunders’

collection.

Halticella equator.

Feem.—Nigra ; caput et thorax scitissimé punctata; caput valde

impressum, facie perobliqud; antennz filiformes, thorace

paullo breviores; scutellum bidentatum; metathorax scaber ;

abdomen fusiforme, thorace non longius; femora postica non

dentata; ale obscuré cinerez.

Female. —Black. Head and thorax very finely punctured.

and Characters of undescribed Species. 305

Head very deeply impressed ; face extremely oblique. Antenne

filiform, inserted by the mouth, a little shorter than the thorax.

Scutellum prominent, bidentate. Metathorax scabrous. Petiole

extremely short. Abdomen fusiform, acute, hardly compressed,

with cinereous tomentum towards the tip, a little narrower but not

longer than the thorax. Hind-femora incrassated, not dentate ;

hind-tibize slightly dilated and curved. Wings dark cinereous ;

veins black; ulna not more than one-sixth of the length of the

humerus; radius and cubitus very short.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 43 lines.

Makessar, Celebes. Discovered by Mr. Wallace. In Mr. Saun-

ders’ collection.

Halticella moderator.

Fem.—Nigra, sat gracilis; caput et thorax subtilissime punc-

tata; caput impressum, facie perobliqua; antenne graciles,

sub-clavate, thorace feré breviores ; scutellum inerme; ab-

domen longi-ovatum, subtus apiceque rufum, thorace non

longius; pedes rufi, femoribus posticis nigris dentatis ; alee

cinerea,

Female.—Black, rather narrow. Head and thorax very minutely

punctured. Head impressed in front; face very oblique. An-

tennz slender, sub-clavate, inserted near the mouth, hardly as

long as the thorax. Thorax with the usual structure; scutellum

unarmed; metathorax hardly oblique. Petiole extremely short.

Abdomen elongate-oval, not longer than the thorax, red beneath

and at the tip, which is acute and slightly ascending. Legs red;

coxee and hind-femora black, the latter much incrassated, armed

beneath with several minute teeth. Wings cinereous; veins

black ; ulna not more than one-third of the length of the humerus ;

radius and cubitus extremely short.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 4 lines.

Algeria. In the British Museum.

Halticella fabricator.

Foem.—Nigra; caput et thorax subtilissimé punctata; caput

valdé impressum; antenne graciles, filiformes, thorace non

longiores; thorax callis rufis, scutello inermi; abdomen

longi-ovatum, subtus rufum, apice attenuatum, thorace paullo

longius; pedes rufi, femoribus posticis unidentatis; ale

cinereze, breves.

Female.—Black. Head and thorax very minutely punctured.

Head much impressed in front. Antenne slender, filiform, in-

366 Mr. F. Walker’s Notes on Chalcidites,

serted by the mouth, not longer than the thorax. Thorax with

the usual structure; scutellum unarmed ; calli at the base of the

fore-wings red. Petiole extremely short. Abdomen elongate-

oval, attenuated towards the acute tip, red beneath, a little longer

and narrower than the thorax; first segment occupying about half

the surface; the following segments much narrower above than

on each side. Legs red, of the usual structure ; hind-femora in-

crassated, with a very obtuse tooth near the tip beneath. Wings

cinereous, short; veins black. Fore-wings clouded with brown

in the disk; ulna hardly one-fourth of the length of the humerus ;

radius obsolete ; cubitus very short.

Length of the body 24 lines; of the wings 3 lines.

Adelaide. In the British Museum.

Falticella semplex.

Feem.—Nigra, sat gracilis; caput et thorax subtilissimé punc-

tata; caput impressum, facie perobliqua; antennz graciles,

sub-clavatee, thorace vix breviores; scutellum inerme; ab-

domen longi-ovatum, subtus apiceque rufum, thorace non

longius ; pedes rufi, femoribus posticis nigris, dentatis; alee

cinereze.

Female.—Black, very closely allied to H. fabricator (sup. p. 365).

Head and thorax very minutely punctured. Head much impressed

in front. Antennze red, slender, filiform, inserted by the mouth,

not longer than the thorax, blackish in the middle part. Thorax

with the usual structure; scutellum unarmed; calli at the base

of the fore-wings red. Petiole extremely short. Abdomen

elongate-oval, attenuated towards the acute tip, red beneath and

at the tip, a little longer and narrower than the thorax. Legs

red, of the usual structure; femora mostly black; hind-femora

incrassated, with a very obtuse tooth near the base beneath.

Wings cinereous, short; veins black. Fore-wings slightly clouded

with brown in the disk; ulna hardly one-fourth of the length of

the humerus; radius obsolete; cubitus extremely short.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 33 lines.

Sierra Leone. Discovered by Mr. Foxcroft. In the British

Museum.

Halticella dubitator.

Fom.—Nigra, sat gracilis ; caput et thorax subtilissimé punc-

tata; caput thorace paullo latius, facie perobliqua ; antennee

clavatee, thorace paulld longiores; scutellum valdé produc-

tum, apice acutum ; abdomen fusiforme, thorace non longius ;

and Characters of undescribed Species. 367

pedes rufi, femoribus posticis nigris, non dentatis ; alee an-

ticze cinerez, gutta costali fuscescente.

Female.—Black, rather slender. Head and thorax very minutely

punctured. Head a little broader than the thorax; face very

oblique. Antenne stout, clavate, a little longer than the thorax.

Scutellum produced into a spine and extending over the meta-

thorax. Petiole extremely short and stout, so that the abdomen

appears to be subsessile. Abdomen fusiform, more slender, but

not longer than the thorax. Legs red; hind-femora black, in-

crassated, not armed ; hind-tibiz robust, hardly curved. Wings

cinereous; veins black. Fore-wings with a diffuse brownish dot

adjoining the ulna; ulna not one-fourth of the length of the

humerus ; radius and cubitus extremely short.

Length of the body 24 lines; of the wings 33 lines.

Santarem. Discovered by Mr. Bates. In the British Museum,

flalticella remotor.

Foem.—Nigra; caput et thorax subtilissimé punctata; caput

valdé excavatum, facie perobliqua; antennz filiformes, tho-

race vix longiores; scutellum productum, bifurcatum ; me-

tathorax scaber; abdomen fusiforme, apice attenuatum pera-

cutum, thorace vix longius; femora postica non dentata ;

alze cinereze, nigricante nebulose.

Female.—Black. Head and thorax very minutely punctured,

the former and the sutures of the latter with silvery-whitish

tomentum. Head very deeply excavated ; face extremely oblique.

Antenne linear, hardly longer than the thorax. Thorax with the

usual structure ; scutellum produced into a bifurcate spine, whose

upper division is longer than the lower one; metathorax scabrous.

Petiole extremely short. Abdomen fusiform, attenuated towards

the very acute tip, narrower but hardly longer than the thorax.

Hind-femora incrassated, unarmed ; hind tibiz slightly curved and

dilated. Wings cinereous, clouded with blackish-cinereous; veins

black. Fore-wings with a quadrate black spot adjoining the

ulna; the latter about one-fifth of the length of the humerus;

radius and cubitus obsolete.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Santarem. Discovered by Mr. Bates. In the British Museum.

Halticella figurator.

Mas.—Nigra, sat gracilis; caput et thorax subtilissimé punc-

tata; caput valdé impressum, facie perobliqua ; antennze

368 Mr. F. Walker’s Notes on Chalcidites,

filiformes, thorace paulld breviores ; scutellum productum,

acutum; metathorax scaber; abdomen ellipticum, thorace

multd brevius ; femora postica non dentata; alze cinerez.

Male.—Black, comparatively slender. Head and thorax very

minutely punctured. Head much impressed in front; face very

oblique. Antenne linear, inserted by the mouth, a little shorter

than the thorax. Thorax with the usual structure; scutellum

produced into a short spine; metathorax scabrous. Petiole very

short. Abdomen elliptical, a little narrower and much shorter

than the thorax. Legs wholly black ; hind-femora much incras-

sated, unarmed. Wings cinereous; veins black; ulna less than

one-fourth of the length of the humerus ; radius obsolete; cubi-

tus extremely short.

Length of the body 13 line; of the wings 2 lines.

Gambia. Discovered by Mr. Mackenzie Skues, In the British

Museum.

FHalticella sulcator.

Foem.—Nigra, sat gracilis ; caput et thorax subtilissimé punc-

tata; caput non impressum, facie perobliqua; antenne fili-

formes, thorace paullo longiores ; scutellum inerme ; meta-

thorax brevissimus ; abdomen fusiforme, thorace paullo lon-

gius; femora postica non dentata; ale antice cinerea,

nigricante bifasciatee.

Female.— Black, comparatively slender. Head and thorax very

minutely punctured. Head not impressed in front; face very

oblique. Antenne linear, inserted by the mouth, a little longer

than the thorax. Thorax with the usual structure; scutellum not

produced nor armed; metathorax very short. Petiole extremely

short. Abdomen fusiform, a little longer but not narrower than

the thorax. Legs wholly black; hind-femora incrassated, un-

armed. Wings cinereous; veins black. Fore-wings with two

blackish bands; ulna about one-fourth of the length of the

humerus ; radius obsolete ; cubitus extremely short.

Length of the body 12 line; of the wings 2 lines.

China. Discovered hy Mr. Laye. In the British Museum.

Halticella finator.

Foem.—Nigra; caput et thorax scabrosa; caput valdé im-

pressum, facie perobliqua; antennze clavatee, thorace bre-

viores; thoracis calli flavescenti-albi; scutellum inerme ;

petiolus brevissimus ; abdomen longi-ovatum, thorace vix

longius, apice acutum,; pedes rufi, tarsis flavescenti-albis,

and Characters of undescribed Species. 369

coxis femoribusque anterioribus nigris, his apice flavescenti-

albis, tibiis basi flavescenti-albis, femoribus posticis incras-

satis, dentatis, apice flavescenti-albis ; alee cinereze.

Female.—Black. Head and thorax largely scabrous. Head

deeply impressed in front; face very oblique. Antenne clavate,

shorter than the thorax. ‘Thorax with the usual structure; scu-

tellum unarmed, with a sharply defined edge; callus at the base

of the fore-wings yellowish-white. Petiole extremely short. Ab-

domen elongate-oval, a little narrower but hardly longer than the

thorax, somewhat attenuated towards the tip, which is acute.

Legs red; tarsi yellowish-white. Anterior legs with black coxee

and femora, the latter yellowish-white towards ithe tips, fore-tibize

yellowish-white at the base; middle tibize black, yellowish-white at

the base and at the tips. Himd-femora much incrassated, with

yellowish-white tips, armed beneath with many very minute teeth ;

hind-tibize piceous, with yellowish-white tips and with a dot of

the same hue at the base. Wings cinereous ; veins black; ulna

about half the length of the humerus; cubitus and radius very short.

Length of the body 23 lines ; of the wings 4 Jines.

Hong Kong. Discovered by Mr. Bowring. In the British

Museum.

Halticeila indignator.

Feem.—Nigra, crassa; caput et thorax subtilé punctata; an-

tennze robuste, thorace breviores; scutellum inerme; meta-

thorax scaber; abdomen ovatum, thorace brevius; pedes

rufi, femoribus anterioribus nigris apice rufis, femoribus

posticis dentatis ; alee cineree.

Female.—Black. Head and thorax minutely punctured. An-

tennze robust, shorter than the thorax. Thorax with the usual

structure; scutellum unarmed; metathorax scabrous. Petiole

extremely short. Abdomen oval, shorter than the thorax. Legs

red ; coxe and anterior femora black; the latter with red tips;

hind-femora much incrassated, armed beneath with several minute

teeth. Wings cinereous; veins black; ulna less than half the

length of the humerus; radius and cubitus very short.

Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 4 lines.

Tasmania. Discovered by Mr. A. J. Smith. In the British

Museum.

Halticella internata.

Mas.—Nigra; caput et thorax subtilé punctata; caput valde

impressum, facie perobliqué; antennz subclavate, thorace

paullo breviores; scutellum inerme; metathorax scaber ;

370 Mr. F. Walker’s Notes on Chalcidites,

abdomen ellipticum, thorace multo brevius ; pedes femoribus

posticis dentatis, genubus tarsisque pallidé rufescentibus ;

alz cinereee.

Male.—Black. Head and thorax minutely punctured. Head

much impressed in front; face very oblique. Antenne stout,

sub-clavate, inserted near the mouth, a little shorter than the

thorax. Thorax with the usual structure; scutellum unarmed ;

metathorax scabrous. Petiole extremely short. Abdomen ellip-

tical, narrower and much shorter than the thorax. Knees and

tarsi pale-reddish ; hind-femora armed beneath with some minute

teeth. Wings cinereous; veins black; ulna about half the length

of the humerus; radius and cubitus very short, the former a little

longer than the latter.

Length of the body 12 line; of the wings 34 lines.

Tasmania. Discovered by Mr. A.J. Smith. In the British

Museum.

Secor. II.

Genus SosxeETRA.

Feem.—Corpus sat robustum. Caput et thorax punctata, sub-

pubescentia. Caput brevissimum, thoracis latitudine ; facies

striata, sub-depressa. Mandibule dentate. Palpi breves.

Antenne 9-articulatee, filiformes, fronte insertee; articulus

1"s subclavatus, subcompressus; 2° brevissimus; 38°° et

sequentes lineares, subeequales; 9" apice conicus. Pro-

thorax subquadratus, transversus. Mesothorax brevis ; pa-

rapsidum suture conspicuz; paraptera et epimera magna;

scutellum vix bidentatum. Metathorax bene determinatus.

Abdomen leve, valdé compressum, thorace non longius;

segmenta antice contracta. Pedes leves, simplices, brevius-

culi; femora et tibize compressa, subdilatata ; tibia inter-

mediz valde dilatatee, Alee antice latee, non longa.

Female.—Body moderately stout. Head and thorax punctured,

slightly pubescent. Head vertical, very short, as broad as the

thorax; face slightly depressed, with strize converging towards

the mouth; mandibles dentate; palpi short. Antenne filiform,

9-jointed, seated on the front, less than twice the length of the

breadth of the head ; scape slightly clavate and compressed, with

a minute globular protuberance on the underside near its tip;

2nd joint very short; flagellum pubescent, slightly tapering, com-

posed of seven linear joints, which are nearly equal in length ;

9th conical at the tip. Thorax convex. Prothorax sub-quadrate,

more than twice broader than long. Mesothorax short; sutures

of the parapsides distinct ; paraptera and epimera large ; scutel-

and Characters of undescribed Species. 37 1

lum very minutely bidentate. Metathorax nearly vertical, well

developed. Abdomen smooth, much compressed, not longer than

the thorax, in structure like that of Cynips ; segments contracted

towards the fore-part of the dorsum. Legs smooth, simple, rather

short; femora and tibize compressed, unarmed, slightly dilated ;

middle tibize much dilated exteriorly ; joints of the tarsi succes-

sively decreasing in length to the 5th ; ungues and onychia very

small. Fore-wings broad, not long; humerus extending at some

distance from the costa; ulna about one-fifth of the length of the

humerus; radius about twice the length of the ulna; cubitus

somewhat shorter than the ulna.

This is a very remarkable genus. It partakes of the characters

of the Chalcidites and of the Cynipites, and seems to differ from

them both as much as they do from each other. It agrees with

the Chalcidites in the structure of the wing-veins, and may be

considered as the type of a new family of that tribe.

Sosxetra transversa.

Fcem.—Flavescente fulva; caput nigrum, lituris anticis flavis ;

prothorax lineis duabus transversis nigris, la interrupta,

2a abbreviata ; scuto linea nigra; tibize posteriores ex parte

nigricantes ; alze cinereze, venis fulvis lurido marginatis.

Female.— Yellowish tawny. Head black, yellowish about the

base of the antennee and about the eyes in front and towards the

mouth. Prothorax with two transverse black lines; the Ist

widely interrupted, the 2nd on the hind border, abbreviated on

each side. Scutum with a longitudinal black line. Middle tibiz

blackish at the tips; hind-tibie blackish except at the base.

Wings cinereous. Fore-wings with a lurid tinge about the veins,

which are tawny.

Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 7 lines.

Ega. Discovered by Mr. Bates. In the British Museum,

Genus SMIERA.

Smiera transitiva.

Feem.—Lutea ; thoracis discus niger luteo fasciatus et bimacu-

latus; scutellum bidentatum; metathorax niger; abdomen

nigrum, basi fulvum, thorace brevius; femora postica nigro

trimaculata ; alee obscure cineree.

Female.—Luteous. Head black about the ocelli. Thorax

with a dilated black line; scutum with two luteous spots and a

. hindward transverse luteous line; scutellum bidentate. Meta-

thorax black, roughly punctured. Petiole tawny, nearly half the

372 Mr. F. Walker’s Notes on Chalcidites,

length of the abdomen. Abdomen black, acutely conical, tawny

at the base, much shorter and very much narrower than the

thorax. Hind-coxee black towards the tips; hind-femora much

incrassated, with three black spots, armed with four large black

teeth. Wings dark cinereous ; veins black; ulna full half the

length of the humerus, a little longer than the radius.

Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

East Florida. Discovered by Mr. Doubleday. In the British

Museum. ,

Genus Epirranus.

Epitranus formicarius.

Fem.—Rufescens, sat gracilis; antenne filiformes, nigre,

graciles, basi fulve; parapsidum suture distinctissime ;

petiolus sex-carinatus ; abdomen nigrum, breve; alze anguste,

hyaline.

Female.—Reddish, rather slender. Head and thorax thinly and

minutely punctured. Head as broad as the thorax; disk of the

face smooth, with a slight furrow. Antenne slender, black,

filiform, tawny towards the base, shorter than the thorax, seated

on a protuberance close to the mouth; scape not very much

shorter than the flagellum. ‘Thorax elongate, well developed ;

sutures of the parapsides very distinct. Metathorax very large.

Petiole long, with six ridges. Abdomen black, shining, fusiform,

very much shorter than the thorax. Hind-femora much incras-

sated, armed with numerous very minute teeth. Wings narrow,

limpid; veins tawny; ulna full half the length of the humerus ;

radius almost obsolete; stigma black, minute.

Length of the body 2 lines ; of the wings 3 lines.

This species indicates the close affinity between the Chalcide

and the Spalangiude.

Port Natal. Discovered by Mr. Plant. In the British

Museum.

Genus Ciatcis.

Chalcis microlinea.

Foem.—Nigra, brevis, robusta; antennze flagello lineari; calli

humerales flavi; abdomen ovatum, acutum, thorace vix longius :

pedes flavi, femoribus nigris, tibiis nigro notatis ; alee sub-cineree.

Female.—Black, short, stout. Head and thorax minutely

punctured. Head not so broad as the thorax. Antenne shorter

than the thorax, with a compact linear flagellum. Thorax and

abdomen of the usual structure. Thorax with a yellow callus at

the base of each fore-wing. Abdomen oval, acute, pubescent

and Characters of undescribed Species. 373

hindward, hardly longer than the thorax. Legs yellow; coxe

and femora black, the latter with yellow tips; anterior tibize

marked with black; hind-tibize with a broad black band ; ungues

and pulvilli black. Wings slightly cinereous ; veins black; ulna

about half the length of the humerus, nearly twice the length of

the radius.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 4 lines.

Port Natal. Discovered by Mr. Plant. In the British

Museum.

Genus Acamerion, Halliday.

Agamerion Gelo.

Fcem.—Ueeté viride, cyaneo et purpureo varium; abdomen

cupreum, longi-ovatum, acutum, basi aureo-viride ; tarsi

anteriores obscure fulvi ; alee fuscescente cinerez.

Agamerion Gelo, Walk. (List Chal. Brit. Mus.)

Female.—Bright green, varied with blue and with purple. Head

and thorax extremely minutely and closely punctured. Head as

broad as the thorax. Prothorax well developed. Sutures of the

parapsides very indistinct; scutellum large. Metathorax short.

Petiole extremely short. Abdomen smooth, elongate-oval, acute,

bright cupreous, golden green at the base, convex above, keeled

beneath, a little shorter and narrower than the thorax. Hind-

coxee and hind-femora incrassated ; hind-tibiae curved, beset with

short bristles; anterior tarsi dark tawny; hind-tarsi black. Wings

brownish cinereous; veins black; ulna much shorter than the

humerus, much longer than the radius; cubitus rather long;

stigma very small.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

Adelaide. In the British Museum.

The previous description of this species is incomplete.

Genus AXIMA.

Fem.—Corpus elongatum. Caput et thorax scabra. Caput

brevissimum, antice bidentatum, thorace latius. Oculi fere

petiolati. Antenne filiformes, 13-articulate, thorace non

longiores; articulus lus gracilis; 2us brevis; clava longi-

conica. Thorax sub-gibbosus. Prothorax sub-quadratus.

Scutum breve; parapsidum suture indistincte ; scutellum

-carinatum. Metathorax magnus, declivis. Petiolus longus,

linearis, tricarinatus. Abdomen lanceolatum, compressum,

glabrum, thorace longius; segmenta 1", 2°™ et 3™ brevia ;

374 Mr. F. Walker’s Notes on Chalcidites,

4x longum; 5°%™ longissimum. Oviductus subexsertus.

Pedes breves, graciles, inermes. Alze sat anguste.

Female.—Body elongate. Head and thorax scabrous, or largely

punctured. Head very short, broader than the thorax ; face very

obliquely retracted ; an acute and prominent tooth on each side of

the front by the eye. Eyes very prominent, nearly petiolated.

Antenne filiform, 13-jointed, minutely pubescent, inserted at

some distance from the mouth, not longer than the thorax ; scape

slender; 2nd joint short, 3rd and 4th extremely minute; the

following joints to the 10th successively decreasing in length;

club compact, elongate-conical. Thorax slightly gibbous. Pro-

thorax sub-quadrate, transverse, well developed. Scutum short;

sutures of the parapsides indistinct; scutellum highly arched,

keeled. Metathorax declining, much developed. Petiole linear,

smooth, tricarinate, as long as the metathorax. Abdomen com-

pressed, smooth, lanceolate, slightly pubescent on each side, longer

than the thorax and less than half its breadth; Ist, 2nd and 3rd

segments short; 4th long; 5th very long; 6th less than half the

length of the 5th, shorter than the 7th. Oviduct extending a

little beyond the tip.” Legs short, slender, unarmed. Wings

rather narrow, minutely and thickly pubescent; ulna about half

the length of the humerus, more than twice the length of the

radius.

The structure of this genus is very peculiar. It associates with

the Chalcide more than with any other family, and has some

resemblance to Dirhinus, but the hind-femora and the-hind-tibize

are quite straight and slender, and thus the especially peculiar

character of the Chalcide quite disappears in it. It has some

affinities with the EHurytomide, others with the Hucharide, and

others with some exotic genera which connect the Pteromalide

with the Cleonymide.

Axima spinifrons.

Fom.—Nigra ; femora anteriora rufa; tibiz antice rufe,

apices versus nigree; tarsi anteriores rufescentes; ale vitree,

fascia basali lata nigricante.

Female.—Black. Anterior femora red; fore-tibiz red, black

towards the tips; anterior tarsi reddish. Wings limpid, with a

broad blackish band near the base; this band does not extend far

from the costa of the hind-wings; veins black.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

St. Paul. Discovered by Mr. Bates. In the British Museum.

and Characters of undescribed Species. 375

Genus EKuryroma.

Eurytoma capensis.

Mas.—Nigra, robusta, scite punctata; petiolus brevis; abdo-

men glabrum, thorace multd brevius; tibize tarsique fulva ;

alee limpide, venis fuscis.

Male.—Black, stout. Head and thorax minutely punctured.

Petiole short. Abdomen smooth, much shorter than the thorax.

Tibize and tarsi tawny. Wings limpid; veins brown ; ulna thick,

less than one-fourth of the length of the humerus; radius not

longer than the cubitus.

Length of the body 13 line; of the wings 3 lines.

Port Natal. Discovered by Mr. Plant. Inthe British Museum.

Genus Prerinamrvs.

Perilampus -gloriosus.

Mas.—Splendide smaragdinus ; facies aureo-viridis; antennze

nigree; scutellum productum, carinatum, acutum, aureo-

cupreum; abdomen rufo-cupreum ; tarsi fulvi; ale nigri-

cante cineree.

Male.—Brilliant emerald green. Head not broader than the

thorax, minutely striated longitudinally; face golden-green,

minutely punctured, with ezneous pubescence; hind border dark

cupreous. Antenne black; scape bright green. Thorax largely

punctured; scutum in front and sutures of the parapsides dark

cupreous; scutellum prolonged into a long, keeled, golden-cupreous

spine. Abdomen brilliant red-cupreous, smooth, a little broader

and very much shorter than the thorax. Tarsi tawny. Wings

blackish-cinereous ; veins black; ulna hardly one-fourth of the

length of the humerus, less than half the length of the radius ;

cubitus moderately long, abruptly descending; stigma extremely

small.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Mexico. Discovered by M. Sallé. In the British Museum.

This and the following species differ sufficiently from the

- European Perilampi to be considered as the types of two new

genera, but as the Perilampi are very few in number it is hardly

necessary to separate them.

Perilampus discolor.

Mas.—Niger ; caput parvum, thorace angustius ; thorax fulvo

bivittatus; parapsidum suture obsolete; scutellum biden-

tatum ; tarsi fulvi; ale nigricante cineree.

Male—Black. Head and thorax rather largely and thickly

376 Mr. F. Walker’s Notes on Chalcidites,

punctured. Head small, not near so broad as the thorax. An-

tennee thick, shorter than the breadth of the head. Thorax with

a tawny stripe along each side. Prothorax extremely short.

Scutum very broad; sutures of the parapsides quite obsolete:

scutellum bidentate at the tip. Abdomen smooth, much shorter

but not broader than the thorax. Knees and tarsi tawny. Wings

blackish-cinereous, cinereous towards the base; veins black; ulna

thick, about one-third of the length of the humerus, more than

twice the length of the radius; cubitus very short; stigma furcate.

Length of the body 23 lines; of thé wings 4 lines. —

Port Natal. Discovered by Mr. Plant. In the British

Museum.

Genus Evcuaris.

Eucharis smaragdina.

Mas.—Aureo-viridis ; antenne nigra, setacee, basi rufescentes ;

thorax gibbosus; prothorax brevissimus; parapsidum suturee

indistinctee; metathorax bene determinatus; petiolus cupreus,

gracillimus, thorace vix brevior ; abdomen cupreum, parvum,

longi-ovatum ; pedes rufescentes ; alz fuscescente cineree.

Male.—Golden green. Head very short, thinly and minutely

punctured, narrower than the thorax. Antennz black, setaceous,

much longer than the thorax ; scape reddish, very short. Thorax

rather gibbous, largely punctured. Prothorax extremely short.

Seutum with an indistinct longitudinal furrow; sutures of the

parapsides indistinct ; scutellum prominent and vertical hindward.

Metathorax well developed. Petiole cupreous, linear, very

slender, nearly as long as the abdomen. Abdomen smooth,

cupreous, compressed, elongate oval, keeled beneath, much

shorter than the thorax and not half its breadth, forming a slightly

obtuse angle with the petiole. Legs reddish; coxze green. Wings

brownish-cinereous ; veins black; ulna as long as the humerus,

nearly twice the length of the radius ; cubitus extremely short.

Length of the body 43 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

Tasmania. Discovered by Mr. Allport. In the British

Museum.

Eucharis picercornis.

Mas.—Obscure viridis, cupreo varia ; antenne pices, setacez,

basi rufescentes; petiolus cupreus, longissimus, abdomine

paullo longior; abdomen cupreum, altum, breve; pedes

rufescentes ; alze angustz, fuscescente cinerez.

Male.—Dark green, varied with cupreous, in structure like the

preceding species. Antennz piceous, setaceous, much longer

than the thorax ; scape reddish. Petiole cupreous, linear, very

and Characters of undescribed Species. ot7

slender, a little longer than the abdomen. Abdomen cupreous,

smooth, compressed, high, triangular when viewed laterally, about

half the breadth of the thorax and little more than half its length,

forming a slightly obtuse angle with the petiole. Legs reddish;

coxec cupreous. Wings brownish cinereous, narrow; veias black ;

ulna much shorter than the humerus, much longer than the radius;

cubitus extremely short.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Sydney. Discovered by Mr. Stutchbury. In the British

Museum.

Eucharis delicatula.

Mas.—Cyaneo-viridis; antenne nigra, setaceee, basi pallide

flavee; metathorax purpureus; petiolus purpureus, gracil-

limus, abdomine multo brevior; abdomen cupreum, longi-

ovatum, subtus flavescens, thorace non brevius; pedes pallide

flavi; alee sub-cinerez.

Male.—Bluish-green. Head very short, thinly and minutely

punctured, a little broader than the thorax. Antenne black,

setaceous; scape pale yellow. Thorax very thickly punctured,

in structure like that of H. smaragdina. Metathorax mostly

purple. Petiole purple, linear, very slender, much shorter than

the abdomen. Abdomen cupreous, smooth, compressed, elongate-

oval, yellowish on each side and beneath, much narrower, but not

shorter, than the thorax, Legs pale yellow. Wings slightly

cinereous; basal calli pale yellow ; veins black; ulna shorter than

the humerus, much longer than the radius.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

Australia.?. In the British Museum.

Eucharis implexa.

Foem.—Cuprea; caput antice viride; antennz picee, filiformes,

gracillimee, basi fulvee; scutum latissimum, scitissime striatum ;

metathorax magnus, viridis; petiolus eneo-niger, gracilis;

abdomen nigrum, longi-ellipticum, supra concavum, thorace

non longius ; pedes pallide flavi; ale limpide.

Female.—Cupreous. Head very short, nearly smooth, green

in front, a little narrower than the thorax. Antenne piceous, fili-

form, very slender, not longer than the thorax; scape tawny.

Thorax gibbous, minutely punctured. Prothorax extremely short.

Scutum very broad, transversely and very finely striated, in-

distinctly separated from the parapsides; the latter with the disk

VOL. 1. THIRD SERIES, PART 1v.—noy. 1862. cc

378 Mr. F. Walker’s Notes on Chalcidites,

partly quite smooth. Metathorax large, green, nearly vertical.

Petiole zneous-black, slender, linear, hardly one-third of the

length of the abdomen. Abdomen black, smooth, elongate-

elliptical, concave above, keeled beneath, narrower but not longer

than the thorax. Legs pale yellow. Wings limpid; veins black,

pale yellow at the base; ulna very much shorter than the humerus,

nearly twice the length of the radius.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

This may be the female of £. piceicornis, notwithstanding the

difference in the sculpture of the thorax.

Tasmania. Discovered by the Rev. T. Ewing and by Mr. Allport.

In the British Museum.

Eucharis rufiventris.

Foem.—Cuprea; antennee nigre, basi fulve; pectoris discus

viridis; petiolus cupreus, brevis; abdomen rufum, basi

nigrum; pedes fulvi; alae limpidee.

Female.—Cupreous; like the preceding species in structure.

Antenne black; scape tawny. Disk of the pectus green.

Scutellum hindward and metathorax vertical. Petiole cupreous,

not more than one-fourth of the length of the abdomen. Ab-

domen red, smooth, black towards the base. Legs tawny.

Wings limpid ; veins piceous; ulna very much shorter than the

humerus, longer than the radius; stigma black.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Adelaide. In the British Museum.

Eucharis contigens.

Mas.—Nigra, lata; antenne lineares, serrate, basi sordide

albidee, apice rufescentes, capitis latitudine paullo longiores ;

parapsidum suture distinctee ; scutellum striatum, productum,

acutum; abdomen altissimum, thorace non longius; pedes

pallide flavescentes ; alee cinerez.

Male.—Black, broad. Head very short, quite smooth, as

broad as the thorax. Antenne black, linear, serrated, a little

longer than the breadth of the head; scape pale dingy whitish ;

joints transverse; tips dark reddish. Thorax short, roughly

punctured. Prothorax extremely short. Sutures of the parap-

sides distinct ; scutellum conical, longitudinally striated, termi-

nating in a stout and rather long spine. Metathorax vertical.

Petiole less than one-fourth of the length of the abdomen.

Abdomen smooth, very deep, slightly compressed, narrower but

and Characters of undescribed Species. 379

not longer than the thorax. Legs pale dingy yellow. Wings

cinereous ; veins black; ulna much shorter than the humerus,

much longer than the radius.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

This species in the structure of antennz and of the scutellum

seems to connect Hucharis with Thoracantha.

Sarawak, Borneo. Discovered by Mr. Wallace. In the

British Museum.

Genus THoRACANTHA.

Thoracantha cynipsea.

Foem.— Aineo-nigra ; facies striata; antennee nigre, filiformes,

basi fulvee, apice rufescentes, capitis latitudine non longiores ;

thorax altissimus; scutum maximum, transverse striatum;

scutellum striatum, spinis duabus abdominis apicem attin-

gentibus; .petiolus brevissimus; abdomen nigrum, subtus

apiceque fulvum, thorace non longius; pedes pallide fulvi;

alee limpidee.

Mas.—Nigro-znea; facies lateribus excavatis; antennze pice,

ramis longis zqualibus pubescentibus, basi fulvee; scutum

transverse striatum; scutellum sulco transverso, spinis

duabus arcuatis, apice sub-contiguis, abdominis apicem paullo

superantibus ; ale cinereee.

Female.— Aineous-black. Head very short, not near so broad

as the thorax; face longitudinally striated. Antenne black, fili-

form, reddish at the tips, not longer than the breadth of the head;

scape tawny. Thorax gibbous, very high. Prothorax extremely

short. Scutum very large, transversely and finely striated; sutures

of the parapsides slight. Scutellum longitudinally striated,

ending in two slightly curved spines, which extend to the tip of

the abdomen. Metathorax vertical, much developed, not punc-

tured. Petiole very short. Abdomen black, smooth, elliptical,

tawny beneath and at the tip, much narrower but not longer than

the thorax. Legs pale tawny. Wings limpid; veins black;

ulna much shorter than the humerus; radius obsolete. ;

Length of the body 23 lines ; of the wings 5 lines.

Santarem. Discovered by Mr. Bates. In the British

Museum.

Male.—Blackish-zeneous. Head alittle broader than the thorax;

face excavated in the disk on each side. Antennze piceous, with

long pubescent branches of equal length; scape tawny, scutum

transversely striated ; parapsides smooth, finely striated towards

cc2

380 Mr. F. Walker’s Notes on Chalcidites,

the scutum; scutellum with a transverse furrow, ending in two

curved converging spines, whose tips are nearly contiguous, and

which extend a little beyond the abdomen. Wings cinereous ;

veins black. ;

Villa Nova. Discovered by Mr. Bates.

Thoracantha pallescens.

Mas.—Purpurascente atra; antenne filiformes, fulvee, apice

nigre ; thorax gibbus; scutum transverse striatum, antice

sub-suleatum; parapsidum suture parallela; scutellum spinis

duabus pallidis sub-arcuatis, abdominis apicem fere attin-

gentibus; petiolus piceus, striatus, gracillimus, abdomine non

brevior; abdomen fulvum, thorace paulld brevius; pedes

pallidissime fulvi; alee fuscescente cinerez.

Male.—Deep purplish-black. Head and thorax minutely

punctured. Head very short, a little broader than the thorax.

Eyes prominent. Antenne filiform, tawny, black towards the

tips, longer than the thorax. ‘Thorax gibbous. Prothorax ex-

tremely short. Scutum transversely and very finely striated, with

a slight longitudinal furrow in front; sutures of the parapsides

slight, parallel to each other; scutellum ending in two com-

pressed, slightly curved, pale, dingy spines, which extend nearly

to the tip of the abdomen. Petiole piceous, linear, striated, very

slender, aslong as the abdomen. Abdomen tawny, smooth, much

compressed, not longer than high, a little shorter than the thorax,

and not more than half its breadth. Legs very pale tawny. Wings

brownish-cinereous; disks pale cinereous; veins black; ulna

nearly as long as the humerus; radius obsolete.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

Villa Nova. Discovered by Mr. Bates. In the British Museum.

Thoracantha striatissima.

Mas.—neo-nigra; antenne ramis longis pubescentibus ; scu-

tum. transverse striatum ; parapsidum suturee distinctee ; scu-

tellum spinis duabus striatis sub-arcuatis, abdominis apicem

superantibus ; petiolus abdomine multo longior; abdomen

nigrum, fusiforme, valdé compressum, thorace multo longius.

lcem.—Atra; frons striata; antenne filiformes, basi albide ;

scutum sub-purpurascens, transverse striatum; scutellum

striatum, spinis duabus abdominis apicem paullo superantibus;

abdomen purpureo-nigrum, ellipticum, thorace non longius;

pedes albidi; ale limpide.

and Characters of undescribed Species. 381

Male.— neous black, thinly pilose. Head a little broader

than the thorax. Eyes prominent. Antennze with long pubescent

branches. Scutum transversely striated ; parapsides almost smooth,

with distinct sutures; scutellum ending in two striated, slightly

curved and converging spines, which extend beyond the tip of

the abdomen. Petiole much longer than the abdomen. Ab-

domen black, smooth, fusiform, much compressed, much shorter

than the thorax, and less than half its breadth.

Villa Nova. Discovered by Mr. Bates.

Female.—Deep black, slightly pilose. Head very short, a little

broader than the thorax; front with oblique strize on each side.

Eyes very prominent. Palpi whitish. Antenne filiform, longer

than the thorax; scape whitish. Thorax gibbous. Prothorax

extremely short. Scutum transversely striated, with a purplish

tinge; sutures of the parapsides slight ; scutellum flat above,

longitudinally striated, ending in two slightly curved and con-

verging spines, which extend a little beyond the tip of the abdo-

men. Petiole linear, slender, striated, as long as the abdomen.

Abdomen purplish-black, smooth, elliptical, keeled and whitish

beneath, not longer than the thorax and little more than half its

breadth. Legs whitish. Wings limpid; veins whitish; ulna

nearly as long as the humerus ; radius obsolete.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

Santarem. Discovered by Mr. Bates. Inthe British Museum.

Thorucantha inexagens.

Feem.— Eneo-nigra ; facies substriata; antennee picee, filifor-

mes, basi fulvee ; thorax gibbus; scutum transverse striatum ;

parapsidum suture parallele; scutellum sub-lzve, spinis

duabus striatis sub-arcuatis abdomen paullo superantibus ;

. petiolus brevis, robustus ; abdomen nigrum, altum, thorace

multo brevius; pedes pallide flavi; ale limpide.

Female.—Aineous-black. Head very short, hardly as broad

as the thorax; face with extremely minute striae, almost smooth.

Antenne piceous, filiform, shorter than the thorax ; scape tawny.

Thorax gibbous. Prothorax extremely short. Scutum trans-

versely striated ; parapsides almost smooth, their sutures parallel

to each other; scutellum almost smooth, ending in two striated

slightly curved spines, which extend a little beyond the tip of the

abdomen. Metathorax vertical. Petiole short, stout. Abdomen

black, smooth, much higher than long, keeled beneath, much

shorter than the thorax, and little more than half its breadth.

382 Mr. F. Walker’s Notes on Chalcidites,

Legs pale yellow; coxe black. Wings limpid; veins black, pale

yellow towards the base ; ulna a little shorter than the humerus ;

radius obsolete.

Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 4 lines.

Santarem. Discovered by Mr.Bates. In the British Museum.

Thoracantha reflexa.

Feem.— Mneo-nigra ; antennz piceze, clavate, apice rufes-

centes; thorax gibbus; parapsidum suture. distinct ;

scutellum sulcatum, quadristriatum, spinis duabus striatis

arcuatis abdomen paulid superantibus; petiolus robustus,

breviusculus ; abdomen breve, altum; pedes nigri, tibiis

tarsisque fulvis; alee cinerez.

Female.—Eneous-black. Head very short, almost smooth,

as broad as the thorax. Antenne piceous, clavate, reddish at the

tips, not more than half the length of the thorax. Thorax

gibbous. Prothorax extremely short. Scutum with a few

transverse striz; parapsides almost smooth, their sutures

distinet ; scutellum with a furrow in the middle, and with two

striz on each side, ending in two curved finely striated spines

which extend a little beyond the tip of the abdomen, Petiole

stout, rather short. Abdomen smooth, compressed, much higher

than long, with only one distinct segment, keeled beneath, much

shorter and narrower than the thorax. Legs black; tibie and

tarsi tawny. Wings cinereous; veins black; ulna very much

shorter than the humerus; radius less than one-fourth of the

length of the ulna; cubitus not so very short as in most species.

Length of the body 13 line; of the wings 3 lines.

Santarem. Discovered by Mr. Bates. In the British Museum.

Thoracantha flavicornis.

Fcem.—Nigra ; antennee flavescentes, sub-clavatee, capitis latitu-

dine non longiores ; scutum transverse striatum; parapsidum

suturee indistinete ; scutellum unisuleatum, spinis duabus

latissimis sulcatis sub-arcuatis abdominis apicem fere attin-

gentibus ; petiolus robustus, striatus, longiusculus; abdomen

valdé compressum, thorace paulld longius; pedes pallide

flavi; alze limpidee.

Female.—Black. Head very short, very minutely punctured,

much narrower than the breadth of the thorax. Antenne yel-

lowish, sub-clavate, not longer than the breadth of the head.

Thorax gibbous, pubescent. Prothorax extremely short. Scutum

and Characters of undescribed Species. 383

transversely striated; parapsides very minutely punctured, with

slight sutures; scutellum punctured, with a distinct longitudinal

furrow, emitting two very broad, ridged, slightly curved spines,

which extend nearly to the tip of the abdomen. Petiole stout,

striated, rather long. Abdomen smooth, much compressed, hardly

longer than high; a little longer than the thorax, but not more than

half its breadth. Legs pale yellow; coxe black. Wings limpid;

veins tawny; ulna much shorter than the humerus; radius ob-

solete ; cubitus extremely short ; stigma black.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 4 lines.

Villa Nova. Discovered by Mr. Bates. In the British

Museum.

Thoracantha atrata.

Mas.—Atra; antenne nigre, ramis longis aqualibus pubes-

centibus, basi piceze; scutum transverse striatum; scutellum

striatum, spinis duabus striatis arcuatis abdominis apicem

paullo superantibus; petiolus gracilis, abdomine multo longior;

abdomen fusiforme, altum, valdé compressum, thorace fere

duplo brevius ; pedes pallide flavi; alee cinerez.

Male.—Deep black. Head with very minute transverse striz,

as broad as the thorax. Antenne black, with long pubescent

branches of equal length; scape piceous. Scutum transversely

striated ; scutellum longitudinally striated, ending in two striated,

curved, converging spines, which extend a little beyond the tip of

the abdomen. Petiole linear, slender, much longer than the ab-

domen. Abdomen smooth, fusiform, deep, much compressed,

hardly more than half the length of the thorax and much less than

half its breadth. Legs pale yellow; coxz black. Wings ci-

nereous; veins black; ulna shorter than the humerus; radius

obsolete.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

In the British Museum.

This species is closely allied to 7. striatissima (supra, p. 380),

but the spines of the scutellum are shorter and more curved.

Thoracantha alta.

Fom.—Atra; antenne nigre, basi fulve; thorax gibbus ;

scutum transverse striatum; parapsidum suture indistinctee ;

scutellum striatum, spinis duabus sub-arcuatis abdominis

apicem attingentibus ; petiolus abdominis dimidio vix brevior ;

abdomen fusiforme, altum, compressum, thorace paullo bre-

vius ; pedes pallide flavi; ala limpide.

oot Mr, F. Walker's Motes on Chalcidites,

Female.—Deep black. Head smooth, a little narrower than

the thorax. Antenne black; scape tawny. Thorax gibbous,

largely punctured; scutum transversely striated; sutures of the

parapsides indistinct; scutellum longitudinally striated, ending in

two slightly curved but not converging spines, which extend to

the tip of the abdomen. Petiole linear, nearly half the length of

the abdomen. Abdomen fusiform, smooth, deep, compressed, a

little shorter and very much narrower than the thorax. Legs

pale yellow; coxe black. Wings limpid; veins brown; ulna

hardly more than half the length of the humerus; radius obsolete.

Length of the body 24 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

Brazil. In the British Museum.

Thoracantha surgens.

Mas.—Atra; caput eneo-nigrum ; antenne nigre, ramis longis

zequalibus pubescentibus ; thorax gibbus; scutum transverse

striatum ; parapsidum suture indistinctee; scutellum sub-

rugulosum, sulco transverso, spinis duabus arcuatis striatis

abdominis apicem superantibus; petiolus gracilis, abdominis

longitudine ; abdomen fusiforme, compressum, thoracis di-

midio non longius; pedes pallide flavi; alee fuscescente

cineree.

Male.—Deep black. Head zeneous-black, a little broader than

the thorax, very minutely punctured in front. Antenne black,

with long pubescent branches of equal length. Thorax gibbous.

Seutum transversely striated; parapsides almost smooth, with

slight sutures; scutellum somewhat rugulose, with a transverse

furrow, ending In two curved, converging, striated spines, which

extend beyond the tip of the abdomen. Petiole linear, slender,

as long as the abdomen. Abdomen fusiform, smooth, compressed,

not more than half of the length or of the breadth of the thorax.

Legs pale yellow; coxee black. Wings brownish-cinereous ;

veins black ; ulna shorter than the humerus; radius obsolete.

Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 4 lines.

Santarem. Discovered by Mr. Bates. In the British Museum.

Thoracantha apta.

Mas.—Atra, crassa, brevissima ; caput parvum, sub-lzve ; an-

tennze nigree, capitis latitudine non longiores, ramis longis

pubescentibus; thorax gibbus ; scutum transverse striatum ;

scutellum striatum, spinis duabus rectis latis compressis ab-

dominis apicem fere attingentibus; petiolus robustus, abdo-

minis dimidio non longior; abdomen fusiforme, compressum,

and Characters of undescribed Species. 385

thoracis dimidio brevius; pedes fulvi, femoribus nigri-

cantibus ; ale limpide.

Male.—Deep black; very short and thick. Head almost

smooth, lower and narrower than the thorax. Antenne black,

with long pubescent branches, not longer than the breadth of the

head. Thorax gibbous, short; scutum transversely striated ;

scutellum longitudinally striated, ending in two straight, broad,

compressed spines, which extend nearly to the tip of the abdomen.

Petiole stout, about half the length of the abdomen. Abdomen

smooth, fusiform, compressed, less than half of the length or of

the breadth of the thorax. Legs tawny; coxe black; femora

blackish. Wings limpid; veins pale; ulna shorter than the

humerus ; radius obsolete.

Length of the body 14 line; of the wings 3 lines.

Santarem and Villa Nova. Discovered by Mr. Bates. In the

British Museum.

Genus ScHIZASPIDIA.

Schizaspidia pretendens.

Mas.—Lete viridis ; antennz robuste, ferruginez, 9-pectinate,

thorace non longiores; thorax rude punctatus; scutellum

longi-conicum, spinis duabus parvis ; petiolus abdominis

dimidio brevior; abdomen fusiforme, compressum, thorace

valde brevius ; pedes fulvi; alee limpidee.

Male.—Bright green. Head short, nearly smooth, as broad as

the thorax. Antenne stout, ferruginous, not longer than the

thorax, with nine stout branches, which successively decrease in

length. Thorax roughly punctured. Prothorax extremely short.

Sutures of the parapsides slight; scutellum elongate-conical,

armed with two short spines. Metathorax vertical, well de-

veloped. Petiole less than half the length of the abdomen. Ab-

domen fusiform, compressed, smooth, triangular when viewed

laterally, very much shorter than the thorax and less than half its

breadth. Legs tawny. Wings limpid; veins tawny, not ex-

tending to half the length of the wing; ulna extremely short, not

longer than the cubitus; radius obsolete; cubitus short.

Length of the body 1? line; of the wings 3 lines.

This species may form anew genus.

Villa Nova. Discovered by Mr. Bates. In the British

Museum.

Schizaspidia plagiata.

Mas.—Nigra, robusta; antenne piceze, 9-ramose, basi flavee ;

thorax rude punctatus; prothorax maculis duabus late-

386 Mr. F. Walker’s Notes on Chalcidites,

ralibus flavis ; pectus flavo bimaculatum ; scutellum conicum,

bispinosum, flavo bimaculatum ; metathorax cornubus duobus

apice rufescentibus; petiolus abdominis dimidio brevior;

abdomen longi-ovatum, compressum, subtus flavescens, thorace

valdé brevius; pedes pallide flavi; alee fuscescente cinerez.

Eucharis plagiata, Westwood, MSS.

Male.—Black, stout. Head nearly smooth, not broader than

the thorax. Antenne piceous, with nine branches; scape yellow.

Thorax largely punctured. Prothorax well developed in the

middle, with a yellow spot on each side, where it is much

narrower. A yellow spot on each side of the pectus in front of

the fore-wings. Scutum short; sutures of the parapsides slight ;

scutellum conical, ending in two spines, with a yellow spot on.

each side. Metathorax well developed, armed with two stout

horns with reddish tips. Petiole slender, less than half the length

of the abdomen. Abdomen elongate oval, compressed, smooth,

yellowish beneath, very much shorter and narrower than the

thorax. Legs pale yellow. Wings brownish-cinereous; veins

piceous ; humerus thickened towards its tip; ulna full half the

length of the humerus; radius nearly obsolete; cubitus short,

black, descending directly towards the disk.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

Para. Presented by Mr. Bates. In the British Museum.

Schizaspidia cyanea.

Mas.—Saturate cyanea, crassa; antenne nigre, 8-ramose,

capitis latitudine non longiores; thorax rude punctatus;

-parapsidum suturee indistinetee ; scutellum elongatum, spinis

duabus crassis sub-arcuatis abdominis apicem longe super-

antibus; petiolus robustus, striatus, abdominis dimidio

brevior ; abdomen compressum, thoracis dimidio non longius ;

pedes fulvi, femoribus nigris; alee anticee macula sub-costali

fusea diffusa.

Male.—Dark blue, thick. Head short, nearly smooth, not so

broad as the thorax. Antenne black, not longer than the breadth

of the head, with eight branches which successively decrease in

length. Thorax roughly punctured. Prothorax extremely short.

Scutum broad; sutures of the parapsides indistinct ; scutellum

large, elongate, ending in two thick, slightly curved spines which

extend much beyond the tip of the abdomen. Metathorax short,

vertical. Petiole stout, striated, less than half the length of the

abdomen. Abdomen smooth, compressed, not more than half the

length, and less than half the breadth of the thorax. Legs tawny ;

and Characters of undescribed Species. 387

femora black. Wings cinereous. Fore-wings with a diffuse

brown spot by the stigma; veins piceous; ulna about half the

length of humerus, longer than the radius; cubitus black, short ;

stigma rather large.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

This and the preceding species may each form a new genus.

Amboina. Discovered by Mr. Wallace. In the British

Museum.

Genus Patmon.

Palmon instructus.

Feem.—Viridis; caput cyaneo-viride ; antennz fulvee, apice

nigree; abdomen cyaneo-viride, subtus fulvum; tibize an-

teriores tarsique flavescentes ; alee limpide.

Female.—Green. Head and thorax very minutely punctured.

Head bluish-green, as broad as the thorax. Antenne tawny ;

scape yellowish beneath ; club black. Petiole short. Abdomen

bluish-green, compressed, deep, fusiform above, tawny beneath,

shorter than the thorax. Oviduct and its sheaths very much

longer than the body. ‘Trochanters, tarsi and anterior tibiz yel-

lowish. Wings limpid; veins brownish; ulna much shorter than

the humerus, more than four times the length of the radius;

cubitus very short; stigma extremely small.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 3 lines.

Hong Kong. Discovered by Mr. Bowring. Port Natal. Dis-

covered by Mr. Plant. In the British Museum.

Note.—Chalcis? explorator (Coquerel, Mag. Zool. 1855, vii.

428, pl. 10, f. 4) seems to belong to an undescribed genus of

Torymide.

Genus Ecpamuva.

Foem. —Corpus elongatum, punctatum, Caput parvum. An-

tennz filiformes, thorace breviores. Prothorax conicus.

Scutum angustum ; parapsidum suturze optimeé determinate ;

scutellum parvum. Metathorax valdé determinatus. Petiolus —

gracilis, metathorace non brevior. Abdomen fusiforme, sub-

compressum, glabrum, thorace valdé longius. Oviductus

longissimus. Pedes simplices; coxe posticee longissime.

Alee vitreze, non notatee.

Female.—Body elongate. Head and thorax thickly punctured.

Head short, hardly as broad as the thorax; face vertical. An-

tenne filiform, compact, shorter than the thorax. Prothorax

388 Mr. F. Walker’s Notes on Chalcidites,

conical, well developed. Scutum narrow; sutures of the parap-

sides very conspicuous; scutellum small; metathorax very much

developed. Petiole slender, linear, as long as the metathorax.

Abdomen smooth, deep, fusiform, slightly compressed, very

much longer than the thorax, of the usual structure. Oviduct

very long. Legs simple; hind-coxz very long. Wings unspotted ;

ulna much shorter than the humerus and than the radius ; cubitus

short ; stigma small.

This genus is most nearly allied to Palmon and to Callimome.

It differs from the former by the filiform antenne and by the

slender hind-femora, and from the latter by the long petiole of the

abdomen.

Ecdamua macrotelus.

Foem.—Lete cyaneo-viridis aut aurato-viridis, purpureo varia;

antenne nigra, basi fulvee; abdomen subtus fulvum; ovi-

ductus corpore triplo aut quadruplo longior; pedes albidi ;

femora cyaneo varia; tibiz postice apice nigricantes; alz

sub-cinerea, apice nigricante cinerea.

Female.—Bright bluish-green, or golden green, varied with

purple. Antenne black; scape tawny. Abdomen tawny

beneath. Oviduct from three to four times the length of the

body. Legs whitish; anterior femora striped with blue; coxz

and hind-femora blue, varied with purple; hind-tibize blackish

towards the tips. Wings slightly cinereous, blackish-cinereous at

the tips; veins black.

Length of the body 23—3 lines; of the wings 4¢—5 lines.

Sierra Leone. Discovered by Mr. Foxcroft. Natal. Discovered

by M. Gueinzius. In the British Museum.

The West African specimen is golden green, and is a little

smaller, and apparently has a longer oviduct than the South

African specimen.

Genus Preroma.vs.

Pteromalus altifrons.

Feem.—Mneus, brevis, latus; caput thorace paullo latius ; frons

magna; antenne piceee, clavate, basi fulve; abdomen

ovatum, planum, thorace paullo brevius et latius; pedes

rufescentes, breves, validi; ale latee, hyalinze, venis fuscis,

stigmate sat magno.

Female.—Aineous, short, broad. Head and thorax minutely

punctured. Head a little broader than the thorax; face very

deep. Antenne piceous, clavate, about as long as the breadth of

and Characters of undescribed Species. 389

the head; scape tawny; club conical. Thorax of the usual

structure. Abdomen oval, flat above, hardly convex beneath, a

little shorter and broader than the thorax. Legs reddish, short,

stout. Wings broad, hyaline; veins brown; ulna descending

obliquely to the disk after its junction with the humerus ; its

costal part shorter than the radius, and less than half the length

of the humerus ; stigma rather large.

Length of the body 13 line; of the wings 23 lines.

Port Natal. Discovered by Mr. Plant. In the British

Museum.

Genus CuHErRoPacuys.

Cheiropachys genualis.

Foem.—Nigricante nea, robusta; antenne rufe, nigro

bifasciatee; pedes rufi, genubus: albis; ale vitta discali

- arcuata fusca.

Female.—Blackish geneous, stout. Head and thorax minutely

punctured. Head short, not broader than the thorax; face

slightly retracted. Antenne red, slender, filiform, inserted in the

middle of the front, fully as long as the thorax; scape slender ;

Qnd joint elongate-cyathiform, black at the tip; 3rd and 4th black,

distinct; 10th, 11th and 12th black; 13th red. Abdomen

lanceolate, flat above, keeled beneath, narrower and much longer

than the thorax. Legs red, stout, knees white, the white hue

extending over the basal part of the hind-tibize. Wings cinereous.

Fore-wings with a curved, brown, discal stripe; veins black; ulna

full half the length of the humerus, as long as the radius ; cubitus

rather long, slightly curved.

Length of the body 43 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

‘Port Natal. Discovered by Mr. Plant. In the British

Museum.

Genus Latars, Haliday.

Foem.—Corpus convexum, elongatum, non latum; caput et

thorax sub-punctata. Caput thorace latius; frons brevis-

sima; faciesexcavata. Antenne 14-articulate, graciles, sub-

clavatee, prope os insertze; articulus 1% longus, linearis ; 3%S

brevis ; 4"5 et sequentes brevissimi; clava longi-conica. Pro-

thorax antice paullo angustior, non angulatus. Parapsidum

sutures bene determinate ; paraptera et epimera magna ;

scutellum scitissime striatum, sutura transversa. Metathorax

bene determinatus, rude punctatus. Petiolus brevissimus.

Abdomen glabrum, plus minusve lanceolatum; segmentum

J" longissimum. Pedes graciles, inermes, longiusculi ;

390 Mr. F. Walker’s Notes on Chalcidites,

tibia intermedize caleare longo apicali. Ale antice sat

anguste.

Female.x—Body convex, elongated, not broad. Head and

thorax minutely punctured. Head broader than the thorax, with

a few bristles, front very short; face vertical, excavated. An-

tenne slender, sub-clavate, 14-jointed, seated near the mouth,

more than twice the length of the breadth of the head; scape long,

linear ; 2nd joint less than one-third of the length of the scape ;

3rd joint short; the following joints very compactly joined

together ; the three terminal joints forming an elongated conical

club. Prothorax not angular, a little narrower in front, nearly

twice broader than long. Scutum with the sutures of the parap-

sides well defined ; paraptera and epimera large. Scutellum with

a transverse suture, longitudinally and very finely striated.

Metathorax well developed, largely punctured, nearly horizontal,

with a protuberance in front. Petiole very short. Abdomen

smooth, as long as the thorax or much longer, lanceolate hind-

ward; Ist segment very long. Legs slender, unarmed, rather

long; middle tibize with a long apical spur. Fore-wings rather

narrow; ulna a little shorter than the humerus; radius much

shorter than the ulna; cubitus long, about one-third of the length

of the ulna, forming a very acute angle with the radius.

Lelaps picta.

Feem.—Nigricante eenea; antenne nigra, fulvo fasciatee; ab-

domen zneum, basi purpureum et cyaneum, apice rufescens ;

oviductus exsertus ; pedes nigri, flavo fasciati; alee antice

litura transversa nigra, vitta diffusa nigricante.

Female.—-Blackish-eneous. Antenne black, with a broad tawny

band before the middle. Metathorax black. Abdomen eneous,

as long as the thorax, bright purple and blue towards the

base, reddish at the tip; sheaths of the oviduct black, extending

just beyond the tip. Legs black ; trochanters, knees, tibize and

tarsi towards the base, fore-coxze and hind-coxe pale yellow.

Wings cinereous. Fore-wings with a transverse black mark at

the end of the humerus, and with a blackish stripe which is dilated

and paler exteriorly and occupies the whole of the apical part ;

veins black.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Ega. Discovered by Mr. Bates. In the British Museum.

Lelaps decorata.

Foem.—Saturate cyanea; antenne nigree; scuti discus zneo-

viridis ; scutellum purpurascens; abdomen rufum, apicem

and Characters of undescribed Species. 391

versus valdé elongatum; pedes nigri, albo-fasciati; ale

anticze gutta costali nigra, vitta nigricante, fascia alba.

Female.—Deep blue, thickly punctured. Head obliquely

striated on each side in front. Antenne black. Disk of the

scutum zeneous-green; scutellum purplish. Metathorax black,

roughly punctured. Abdomen red, smooth, shining, nearly twice

the length of the thorax ; the apical part much elongated, lanceo-

late, compressed. Legs black; coxz, knees and posterior tarsi

except towards the tips white; fore-tarsi white at the base.

Wings cinereous. Fore-wings with a black dot behind the end of

the humerus, and with a slightly oblique blackish stripe which

extends from the dot to the cubitus, where it is intersected by the

white band ; veins black.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Ega. Discovered by Mr. Bates. In the British Museum.

Genus CatosoTeEer.

Calosoter bifasciatus.

Icem.—Niger ; caput subtus cyaneo-viride, antice excavatum ;

antenne nigree; pectus saturate cyaneum; abdomen cupreum,

viridi varium; tarsi albi; alee anticee fasciis duabus latis

nigricantibus.

Female.—Black. Head and thorax dull, very minutely punc-

tured. Head bluish-green beneath, a little broader than the

thorax, deeply excavated in front. Antennze black. Pectus

dark blue. Abdomen cupreous, lanceolate, varied with green,

longer than the thorax. Tarsi white; fore-tarsi dark tawny.

Wings cinereous ; fore-wings with two broad blackish bands ; veins

black; ulna a little shorter than the humerus, a little longer than

the radius; cubitus long ; stigma small.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 4 lines.

Sarawak, Borneo. Discovered by Mr. Wallace. Inthe British

Museum. i

Genus EpistEenta,

Epistenta scutata.

Foeem.—Leete viridis; antenne nigre; thorax cyaneo purpureo

et zeneo varius; abdomen lanceolatum, scite punctatum,

aurato fasciatum, apice purpureum; pedes rufi; femora antica

dilatata; alze anticee vitta discali nigricante.

Female.—Bright green. Head and thorax largely punctured.

Head very little broader than the thorax; face horizontal, eyes

392 Mr. F. Walker’s Notes on Chalcidites,

pubescent, large, prominent. Antenne: black, slender, nearly

filiform, seated by the mouth, not longer than the thorax. Thorax

partly blue or purple; disk of the scutum and scutellum, except

the tip, eneous. Abdomen lanceolate, finely punctured, flat above,

keeled beneath, golden-green beyond the middle, purple at the

tip, very much longer than the thorax. Legs red; fore-femora

dilated and forming an edge beneath, except towards the tips.

Wings cinereous. Fore-wings with a blackish discal stripe, not

extending to the tip of the abdomen; veins black; ulna nearly as

long as the humerus, longer than the radius.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 6 lines. -

Para. Discovered by Mr. Bates. In the British Museum.

Epistenia basalis.

Feem.—Leete cyaneo-viridis; antennz nigre; thorax suturis

purpurascentibus; abdomen zneo-viride, lanceolatum, sci-

tissime punctatum, basi cupreo-rufum, apice purpurascens ;

pedes rufi; femora antica incrassata; ale cineree.

Female.—Bright bluish-green, Head and thorax finely punc-

tured. Head bright green, broader than the thorax ; face oblique.

Eyes pubescent. Antenne black, seated near the mouth ; scape

green. Thorax purplish about the sutures. Abdomen zneous-

green, lanceolate, very finely punctured, flat above, hardly keeled

beneath, bright cupreous-red at the base, purplish at the tip, very

much longer than the thorax, extending much beyond the fore-

wings. Legs bright red; fore-femora incrassated. Wings

cinereous; veins black ; ulna shorter than the humerus, a little

Jonger than the radius.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

Tapayos. Discovered by Mr. Bates. In the British Museum.

Epistenia equalis.

Foem.—Leete cyaneo-viridis ; caput antice bituberculatum; an-

tennze nigree; scutellum ezneo-viride; abdomen breve, lan-

ceolatum, glabrum, apice purpurascens; pedes nigri; tarsi

albidi; alee fusco-cineree.

Female.—Bright bluish-green. Head and thorax roughly

scabrous or very largely punctured, as in Pertlampus. Head

zeneous hindward, with a protuberance on each side in front, a

little broader than the thorax; face extremely oblique, nearly

horizontal. Antenne black, stout, filiform, seated far from the

mouth, not longer than the thorax. Scutellum eeneous-green.

and Characters of undescribed Species. 393

Abdomen short, lanceolate, smooth, convex above, keeled beneath,

purplish at the tip, not longer than the thorax. Legs black,

hardly stout; tarsi whitish, with black tips. Wings brown-

cinereous ; veins black; ulna not one-fourth of the length of the

humerus, much shorter than the radius.

Length of the body 34 lines ; of the wings 5 lines.

St. Paul. Discovered by Mr. Bates. In the British Museum.

Genus Lycisca.

Lycisca hastata.

Feem.—Splendide viridis, longa, gracilis ; antennze nigre; tho-

racis sutures cuprez; scutellum apice cyaneo-purpureum ;

metathorax purpureus, lateribus viridibus; abdomen cupreum,

longissimum, scitissime punctatum, basi rufum, apicem versus

filiforme, apice viridi; pedes rufescentes, tibiis apice tar-

sisque nigris, femoribus anticis incrassatis ; alee anticee sub-

fuscescentes.

Female.—Brilliant green, long, slender. Head and thorax

thickly punctured. Head a little broader than the thorax ; face

nearly vertical. Antenne black; first joint cupreous, inserted at

some distance from the mouth. Thorax cupreous along the

sutures. Prothorax well developed, attenuated in front. Sutures

of the parapsides very distinct ; scutellum bluish-purple at the

tip. Metathorax purple, transverse, short, bright green on each

side. Abdomen sessile, lanceolate, very long, much attenuated,

very finely punctured, flat above, keeled beneath, red at the base,

cupreous hindward, more than twice the length of the thorax;

apical part filiform, very long, dark purplish-aeneous, bright green

at the tip. Legs reddish; coxe bright green; tibize towards the

tips and tarsi black; fore-femora incrassated; fore-tibize short,

slightly dilated beneath. Wings cinereous. Fore-wings slightly

brownish-tinged; veins black; ulna much more than half the

length of the humerus, a little shorter than the radius; cubitus

continued nearly to the tip of the wing by a supplementary slightly

curved vein, which is emitted by the stigma; a blackish spot at

the end of the humerus and another on the stigma.

Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Ega. Discovered by Mr. Bates. In the British Museum.

Lycisca apicalis. i

Foem.—Lzte cyaneo-viridis ; antennze nigree; thorax sat brevis ;

scutum et scutellum cuprea ; abdomen lanceolatum, scitissime

punctatum, apicem versus purpurascens, filiforme; pedes rufi ;

VOL. 1, THIRD SERIES, PART IvV.— Nov. 1862. DD

394 Mr. F. Walker’s Notes on Chalcidites,

femora antica sub-incrassata; alee anticee suffuscescentes,

maculis duabus nigricantibus.

Female.—Bright bluish-green, elongate. Head and _ thorax

thickly punctured. Head hardly broader than the thorax ; face

oblique. Antennze black, filiform, not longer than the thorax ;

first joint green, inserted near the mouth. Thorax shorter than

in the preceding species. Prothorax short, transverse. Scutum

and scutellum cupreous; the latter green at the tip, beyond which

the metascutellum terminates in a curved spine. Abdomen sessile,

lanceolate, much attenuated, very finely punctured, flat above,

keeled beneath, a little more than twice the length of the thorax ;

sutures of the segments purplish; apical part filiform, compressed,

purplish. Legs red ; fore-femora slightly incrassated ; fore-tibize

short. Wings cinereous. Fore-wings slightly brownish-tinged,

with two blackish spots; veins black, in structure like those of

the preceding species.

Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Ega. Discovered by Mr. Bates. In the British Museum.

Genus Batcua.

Foem.—Corpus longum, angustum. Caput et thorax dense

punctata, Caput thorace non latius; facies non obliqua.

Antenne filiformes,gracillimze, thorace longiores. Prothorax

brevissimus. Parapsidum suture indistinctee; scutellum

sat parvum. Metathorax brevis. Abdomen sessile, lanceo-

Jatum, compressum, glabrum, planum, subtus carinatum,

postice sub-ascendens, thorace fere duplo longius. Pedes

breves, robusti; femora antica sub-dilatata. Ale sat an-

guste. .

Female.—Body long, narrow. Head and thorax thickly punc-

tured. Head as broad as the thorax; face vertical. Antennz

filiform, very slender, seated rather far from the mouth, longer

than the thorax. Prothorax very short. Scutum broader than

long ; sutures of the parapsides indistinct ; scutellum rather small.

Metathorax short. Abdomen smooth, sessile, lanceolate, com-

pressed, flat above, keeled beneath, slightly ascending hindward,

almost twice the length of the thorax. Legs short, stout ; fore-

femora slightly dilated. Wings rather narrow; ulna more than

half the leugth of the humerus, as long as the radius; cubitus

rather long.

This genus seems to be most nearly allied to Stenocera, but is

sufficiently distinct. ,

and Characters of undescribed Species. 395

Balcha cylindrica.

Foem.—Viridis ; caput et thorax purpureo cyaneo et cupreo

varia; antennee nigra, articulo 1° fulvo; abdomen zneo-

viride, apicem versus cupreum; pedes nigri, tibiis pallide

flavis, tarsis fulvis, tibiis tarsisque anticis rufescentibus ;

alee cineree, apice fuscescentes.

Female.—Green. Head and thorax varied with purple, blue,

and cupreous. Antenne black; scape tawny. Abdomen zneous-

green, bright cupreous towards the tip. Legs black; trochanters

and knees reddish; tibiz pale yellow, black at the base, tawny at

the tips; tarsi tawny; fore-tibiee and fore-tarsi reddish. Wings

cinereous, brownish towards the tips ; veins black.

Length of the body 53 lines ; of the wings 5 lines.

Port Natal. Discovered by M. Gueinzius. In the British

Museum.

Genus PrionoPELMA.

Prionopelma consors.

Foem.—Leete viridis, cyaneo purpureoque varia; antennz

nigree ; abdomen rufum, apice cyaneo-viride; oviductus

corpore duplo longior; pedes nigri, coxis femoribusque

rufis; alee cinerez.

Female.—Bright green, varied with blue and with purple. An-

tennze black, longer than the thorax. Abdomen bright red,

bluish-green at the tip, keeled beneath, not longer than the

thorax. Oviduct and its sheaths more than twice the length of

the body. Legs black; coxz and femora red. Wings cinereous ;

veins black.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

New Grenada. Discovered by Mr. Stevens.

Prionopelma purpurea.

Feem.—Leete cyanea, purpureo varia; antenne aneo-nigre,

filiformes; prothorax et metathorax breves; scutum bene

determinatum, disco excavatum; pectus viride; abdomen

purpureo cupreum, subtus viride; oviductus corpore plus

duplo longior; femora intermedia apice incrassata testacea ;

tibiae intermedize basi testaceze; alee anticae vitta lata nigri-

cante.

Female.—Bright blue, varied with purple. Antenne filiform,

DD2

396 Mr. F. Walker’s Notes on Chalcidites,

geneous black, longer than the thorax; scape dark green. Pro-

thorax and metathorax short. Scutum of the mesothorax much

developed, excavated in the disk. Pectus bright green, meso-

pectus very large. Abdomen purplish-cupreous, bright green

beneath, narrower but not longer than the thorax. Sheaths of the

oviduct much more than twice the length of the body. Legs

seneous-black; coxee and femora green, tinged with blue and

purple; middle, femora incrassated at the tips, which are tes-

taceous; middle tibia elongated, with a long apical spur, tes-

taceous at the base; middle tarsi incrassated. Wings cinereous.

Fore-wings with a broad blackish stripe; veins black ; ulna much

shorter than the humerus, longer than the radius; cubitus rather

long.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Tapayos. Discovered by Mr. Bates. In the British Museum.

Var. Female.—Smalier. Head green. Thorax bluish-green,

with purple streaks. Wings with a narrower discal stripe.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

Ega. Discovered by Mr. Bates. In the British Museum.

This can hardly be the female of P. splendens, for the cubitus

forms a less acute angle with the radius, and the stigma is larger.

Prionopelma splendens.

Mas.—ULeete viridis; antennze eeneo-virides, extrorsum cras-

siores ; thorax purpureo lineatus; scutum non excavatum ;

abdomen fusiforme, disco purpurascente cupreo; pedes vi-

rides, femoribus tibiisque intermediis rufis; ale fumoso-

fuscee, basi cinerez.

Male.—Bright green. Head largely punctured; grooves of

the front purple. Antennze zneous-black; scape purple, green

beneath ; flagellum slightly increasing in thickness outward ; club

elongate-conical, excavated beneath, not broader than the pre-

ceding joint. Thorax with purple lines along the sutures; scu-

tum not concave. Abdomen fusiform, narrower and a little shorter

than the thorax; disk purplish-cupreous. Legs bright green;

tarsi black; middle femora and middle tibize red, the latter with

black tips. Wings smoky-brown, cinereous towards the base ;

veins brown; stigma extremely small.

Length of the body 45 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Villa Nova. Discovered by Mr. Bates. In the British Museum.

and Characters of undescribed Species. 397

Genus EnTEDon.

Entedon perturbatum.

Mas.—Aureo-viride; caput antice cyaneo-viride; antennz

nigre, filiformes, basi cyaneo-virides; parapsidum suturee

indistinctz; petiolus brevis ; abdomen cupreum, breve, disco

basali flavescente; pedes cyaneo-virides, tarsis posterioribus

albis ; ale hyaline. :

Male.—Golden green. Head and thorax rather largely punc-

tured. Head fully as broad as the thorax, bluish-green in front.

Antenne black, filiform, as long as the thorax, acuminated at the

tips; scape bluish-green. Prothorax very short. Sutures of the

parapsides indistinct. Metathorax well developed. Petiole short.

Abdomen cupreous, smooth, short, elliptical, shorter than the

thorax; basal part of the disk dull yellowish. Legs bluish-green;

knees, tarsi, and tips of the tibize, white; fore-tarsi piceous. Wings

limpid ; veins brown; ulna as long as the humerus; radius and

cubitus very short.

Length of the body 13 line; of the wings 23 lines.

Port Natal. Discovered by Mr. Plant. In the British

Museum,

398 Mr. R. Trimen on some New Species of

XXIX. On some New Species of South African Butterflies,

collected in British Kaffraria by W.S. M. D’URBan,

Esq., during 1860-61. By Rotanp Trimen, Esq.

[Read 7th July, 1862.]

Mr. D’Urban’s researches in British Kaffraria, a region hitherto

almost unknown to the Lepidopterist, have resulted in the dis-

covery of a Rhopalocerous Fauna of upwards of 90 species.

When it is borne in mind that Mr. D’Urban was barely a twelve-

month in the country, and that the season was an unfavourable

one, and remarkable for the scarcity of many Lepidopterous in-

sects usually abundant, it must be granted that this is a highly

satisfactory result, and one that seems to give promise of a rich

harvest to future entomological explorers. The following table

gives an approximate idea of the relative representation of the

various Families in British Kaffraria, as compared with the whole

number of species at present known to me as natives of extra-

tropical South Africa.

No. of South No. of British

African Species. Kaffrarian Species.

Papilionde ste eros oul 6

Pieride .. ie Bo A 22

Danaide .. We pi HEAL 1

Acreide .. es eee illo 3

Nymphalide ate .- 34 11

Satyride .. Sis ela, i

Eurytelide oe ape Q 1

Erycinde? ae ore 1 0

Lycenide 36 Ga) S250 33

Hesperide of e206 10

199 94

Among Mr. D’Urban’s British Kaffrarian captures, as above

tabulated, I find nine apparently new species, thus distributed

among the families :—Satyride, 1; Lyceenide (comprising a new

genus),5; Hesperide, 3.* In addition to these are several insects

concerning whose specific identity I am much in doubt, such as an

* One of these three, Nisoniades Pato, was taken, not in Kaffraria, but in

Albany. It is found in Natal.

Butterflies from British Kaffraria. 399

Anthocharis, very closely allied to A. Delphine, Boisd., a Terias,

which seems nearly related to 7. Drona, Horsf., &c. In these

doubtful cases, 1 think it right not to found new species on soli-

tary specimens, but to await the result of further explorations.

SATYRIDZ, Sws.

Genus Satyrus, Doubleday.

Satyrus dendrophilus.

Expands 2 in. 8 lin.

Dull-brown. Fore-wing: a fulvous-ochreous tinge over basal

half and to near anal angle; beyond middle, an irregularly-sinuate

transverse row of 7 spots, ill-defined externally, from costa to

sub-median nervure; the spot on costal edge whitish, the others

ochreous, elongated longitudinally, the largest between 2nd and

3rd median nervules ; beyond these, a sub-marginal row of 5 small,

whitish spots indistinctly ringed with blackish, from 4th sub-costal

to 2nd median nervule; a pale-brown hind-marginal border, di-

vided by a dark-brown line. Hind-wing: fulvous-ochreous ;

hind-marginal border as in fore-wing, but wider, with another dark

line separating it from the ground-colour ; a sub-marginal row of

7 white-pupilled, rounded, black spots, the last of which, above

sub-median nervure close to anal angle, is bipupillate; inner-

marginal region pale-brownish. Unpersipe.—Paler, with a slight

violaceous lustre. Fore-wing : markings similar, fainter ; a dark,

waved streak crossing discoidal cell, which has likewise a faint-

ochreous and 2 faint-whitish transverse markings; row of whitish

spots as above, but the second distinctly ringed with black and

yellow ; apex suffused with faint-brownish. Hind-ning : same

colour as apex of fore-wing, with a strong violaceous gloss; 4 ir-

regular, interrupted, brown striz crossing basal half; row of ocelli

as above, but in pale-yellow rings; 2 dentate striz bordering

hind-margin, which is paler than rest of wing: a space from dis-

coidal nervule to sub-median nervure near anal angle irrorated with

fuscous scales.

The fore-wings in this fine Satyrus are not produced at the apex,

which is rounded ; the hind-margin is slightly crenelated ; and none

of the nervures present any swelling at the base. The hind-

wings are large and broad; the hind-margins moderately dentate,

—the dentation on 1st median nervule being very slightly more

prominent than the rest; and the inner-margins rather strongly

convex, forming a shallow and incomplete groove.

400 Mr. R. Trimen on some New Species of

‘Forest on the hill above Frankfort, March 28th, 1861,—

abundant. Pitches frequently on tree-trunks, head downwards.’ —

D’Urban in litt.

LYCANIDA, Leach.

Genus D’Urzania, n. g.

Jmago.—Head of moderate size: eyes ovate, smooth, rather

small, slightly prominent ; palpi rather long, porrected divergently,

scarcely rising above forehead, scaly, 2nd joint long and stout,

terminal joint slender; antennz short (especially in @), rather

stout, with a well-marked, sub-cylindrical, rather abruptly-formed,

obtuse-ended club, and with conspicuous white rings; no tuft of

hairs on forehead. Thorax compressed, short, not stout, with a

few short hairs laterally and posteriorly: prothorax with a dense

clothing of short hair. Wings large, elongate, rounded, entire.

Fore-wing : costa moderately arched from base; apex rounded ;

hind-margin rather markedly convex, the anal angle being very

much rounded off; inner margin straight; nervures short and weak,

yet with a slight inclination to be swollen at base; the nervules

unusually long, the 1st sub-costal and 3rd median nervules being

inserted very near to base; discoidal cell short, rather wide at

extremity, apparently closed by a scarcely-perceptible nervule.

Hind-ning: costa strongly arched just at base, thence almost

straight; hind-margin as in fore-wing, the apical and anal angles

being yet more rounded off; inner-margins almost straight, just

covering the sides of abdomen, but no part of its under-surface,

being widely separate at its base; discoidal cell closed, rather

longer and wider than in fore-wing. Legs short, the femora

stout, scaly; tarsi of fore-legs of 6 composed of a single elongate

joint, with the ungues obsolete,—those of @ with the joints com-

pressed, and provided with minute ungues; posterior tibize in both

sexes destitute of spurs. Abdomen short, compressed.

Larva and pupa unknown.

I have dedicated this curious and interesting genus to my friend

W.S.M. D’Urban. It is, without question, the most valuable

result of his Kaffrarian researches. The single species on which

it is founded presents an aspect wholly at variance with that of the

typical Lycenide, possessing none of the metallic or silky lustre

of the Lycene or Chrysophani; the general colouring and texture,

as well as the shape, of the wings, and the weak structure of the

body, forcibly reminding one of the Satyride. The fuscous-and-

whitish irrorated under-surface differs widely from all those that

Butterflies from British Kaffraria. 401

I have examined in this family, unless it be that of the aberrant

Pentila (Tingra, Bd.) tropicalis, Bd.; indeed, D’Urbania seems

more nearly allied to Pentila than to any other genus of Lycenide,

but is at once recognized by the much longer palpi and short

abdomen (which latter is elongate in Pentila, and thickened at its

extremity). I was inclined to refer this curious insect to the

Erycinide ; but the antenne, the palpi, and the semi-complete

fore-legs of the 6, seem so decidedly Lycenideous that I think it

right to include it in the latter group. As frequently happens in

cases of this nature, the habits of this genus tend to support its

analogy with the Satyride, Mr. D’Urban having constantly taken

it settling on rocks and large stones,—not on flowers, like the great

majority of the family.

D’Urbania Amakosa.

Exp. 2 in, 2 lin.—2 in. 6 lin.

Dark-brown, inclining to fuscous: each wing with a sub-mar-

ginal, curved, transverse row of orange-yellow spots.

$ Fore-ning: row of six spots, forming almost a semicircle,

extending from sub-costal to sub-median nervure,—sometimes in-

distinctly marked. Hind-wing: somewhat paler than fore-wing ;

only four spots in transverse row, which is not markedly curved,

extending from 2nd sub-costal to 3rd median nervule. Cilia of

both wings conspicuously chequered brown and white. Unoper-

sIDE.—Fore-wing: before transverse row of spots thinly, beyond

it thickly, irrorated with whitish; row of orange spots increased

to a broad macular stripe; the irrorations immediately succeeding

stripe forming a series of acute, rather indistinct lunules. Hind-

ming: universally and densely irrorated with whitish; the po-

sition of the transverse row of upper-side faintly indicated by

some scarcely distinguishable whitish spots, followed by some

indistinct fuscous lunules. Cilia not so conspicuously chequered

as above.

@ Orange spots in both wings enlarged and confluent, forming

a broad band, which in fore-wing widens at its lower extremity.

Cilia as in @. Unperr-stpz.—Quite similar to that of ¢: orange

band of fore-wing paler, and narrower than in @.

“King William’s Town and Windvogelberg ; November and

January. Common, sitting on rocks and stones.”—D’Urban,

in litt.

Mr. Bowker has since forwarded D. Amakosa from Kaffraria

Proper, and notes it as ‘‘rare; found in open on rocky hills;

easily caught.”

402 Mr. R. Trimen on some New Species of

Genus Lycmna, Fab.

* Tailed group.

Lycena Anta.

Exp. 1 in. 1 lin.—!} in. 5 lin,

$ Shining ceneous-brown, shot with violet from bases ; cilia

greyish-white. Hind-ming: a rather long, linear, black, white-

tipped tail at extremity of 3rd median nervule ; 2 black spots on

hind-margin, respectively just above and below origin of tail ;

anal angle rather prominently lobed, and marked with a greenish-

silvery-scaled, black spot. Unprrsipz.—Pale-greyish; in both

wings an incomplete, brownish-grey, whitish-edged ring, closing

discoidal cell, a row of similar rings, confluent, forming a rather

broad transverse band beyond middle, and a sub-marginal row of

brownish-grey, lunular markings, indistinctly white-edged in-

wardly and outwardly. Hind-wing: near base, 3 whitish-ringed

fuscous spots, forming a short transverse row; hind-marginal

spot above tail marked inwardly by a yellowish lunule, that below

tail all bluish-silvery ; spot on anal lobe inwardly scaled with

bluish-silvery. On inner margin of fore-ming, about middle, a

small tuft of black, bristly hairs.

@ Bluer than ¢, excepting near hind-margins; markings

similar. Unpersipe.—Quite similar, the markings more distinct.

‘“‘King William’s Town and Graham’s Town; collected by

Mrs. Drake.” —D’ Urban, in litt.

Specimens from Natal in Mr. Hewitson’s Collection.

This Lycena evidently belongs to the Baetica group of the

genus, having much of the facies of that species. The lobe on

anal angle of hind-wing, however, would seem to indicate an

approach to Amblypodia and allied genera.

Lyceena Siwani.

Exp. 1 in.

9? Pale-blue, inclining to violet, with greyish margins. Fore-

ming: greyish edging borders costa, widens to a broad space at

apex, and thence narrows to a point at anal angle. Hind-ning :

greyish edging broad on costa, narrowing to a thin line along

hind-margin ; from Ist median nervule to anal angle a sub-mar-

ginal, macular, orange band, marked exteriorly with two black

spots, between Ist and 3rd median nervules (the upper spot very

indistinct) ; a short, linear, greyish-white tail at extremity of 3rd

median nervule. Unpersipe.—Pale whitish-grey ; in both wings

a greyish, white-margined streak closing discoidal cell; a row of

Butterflies from British Kaffraria. 403

small, black, white-ringed spots beyond middle (in fore-wing from

5th sub-costal nervule to sub-median nervure, and the first spot

very minute,—in hind-wing very irregular, the spots 9 in number),

and 2 indistinct sub-marginal lines. Hind-wing : 3 conspicuous,

black, white-ringed spots near base, viz. one above sub-costal

nervure, the 2nd in cell, the 3rd below sub-median nervure ;

orange band commencing on discoidal nervule. Cilia greyish-

white.

“ King William’s Town, February ; rare.”—D’ Urban, in litt.

** Non-caudate group.

Lycena Kama.

Exp. 11 lin.—1] in.

@. Pale greyish-brown, shot from bases with bright-blue.

Fore-wing: blue occupies discoidal cell, extending on inner-

margin to beyond middle; along hind-inargin a row of very in-

distinct, whitish-edged, dusky marks. Hind-ning: blue extending

through cell, covering median nervules; crossing the latter is a

macular, whitish fascia, reaching to 2nd sub-costal nervule; along

hind-margin a row of white annulets, of which one (between 2nd

and 3rd median nervules) encloses a black spot. UnpeErsipr.—

Pale brownish-grey ; in both wings an imperfect white annulet,

enclosing a space slightly darker than ground-colour, closes cell ;

a row of brownish, white-edged, confluent spots beyond middle

(in fore-wing from costa to sub-median nervure); and a sub-

marginal row of confluent, brownish lunules, white-edged inte-

riorly and exteriorly; between the row of spots and that of

lunules a whitish space, more conspicuous in hind-wing. Hind-

ming: a transverse row of 4 white-ringed black spots near base ;

between Ist and 3rd median nervules 2 black spots, dotted with

bluish-silvery, and bounded interiorly by an orange crescent,—

the lower spot the smaller.

“King William’s Town, March; not common.’—D’Urban,

in litt.

Lycena Gaika.

Exp. 9 lin.

$. Pale-blue; a narrow brownish-grey border on hind-mar-

gins; cilia whitish. Unperrsipz.—Whitish-grey ; with minute,

whitish-ringed, blackish spots: in both wings a thin, greyish,

whitish-edged mark closing discoidal cell; a transverse row of

spots beyond middle (that of fore-wing strongly curved, commenc-

404 Mr. R. Trimen on some New Species of

ing with two minute spots on costa before middle, and reaching to

sub-median nervure ;—that of hind-wing composed of 8 spots, from

costa about middle to inner margin); two dentate, sub-marginal,

lunular, greyish, whitish-edged lines; and a thin, black, bounding

line immediately within cilia. Hind-mwimg: a basal black spot ;

before middle a transverse row of 3 spots; no metallic-centred

spots near anal angle.

This Lycena seems allied to L. Acca, Westw., but the wings

are longer and of more delicate texture, and the abdomen also is

more slender and elongate than in most of the genus.

“King William’s Town, March 30th, 1861.”—D’Urban, in litt.

Three specimens of this butterfly, in the South African Mu-

seum, were forwatded with other insects collected by Mrs. Latham

in Damara-land.

Family HESPERID, Leach.

Genus Nisoniapves, Hiibn.

Nisoniades Pato.

Exp. 1 in. 3 In.

Shining grey-brown, indistinctly varied with yellowish ; marked

with vitreous spots. [ore-ning: a reniform vitreous spot closing

discoidal cell; a smaller, rounded spot just above it; 3 minute,

contiguous spots forming a short transverse line, on sub-costal

nervules near apex; between Ist and 3rd median nervules 2 good-

sized spots, the lower one the larger. Hind-wing: an ovate

vitreous spot closing discoidal cell. UnNprrstpzE.—Vitreous spots

as on upperside ; yellow variegation much more conspicuous, es-

pecially in hind-wing. Fore-ning : base yellow-dusted ; an indis-

tinct yellow mark immediately above spots on median nervules ;

along hind-margin a yellow, sub-macular band. Hind-ning: 2 or

3 yellowish spots near base ; about middle, an irregular, macular,

yellow streak ; beyond it, another similar streak, merged with

hind-marginal yellow except near apex.

This species, of which Mr. D’Urban possessed but a single

specimen, is allied to N. Sabadius, Boisd., found in Mauritius

and Bourbon, and also in South Africa. ‘The yellow variegation

and the vitreous spot in hind-wing suffice at once to distinguish

N. Pato.

“ Pluto’s Vale, Fish River Bush, April 4th, 1861.” D’Urban,

in litt.

Butterflies from British Kaffraria. 405

Genus Cyciopinrs, Hiibn.

Cyclopides Macomo.

Iixp. lin. 2 lin. (single specimen).

Brown; with quadrate, ochreous-yellow spots. Fore-nwing: base

yellow-scaled ; a transverse row of 3 spots from extremity of cell

to sub-median nervure before middle; beyond middle, a row of

6 spots—3 near apex, on sub-costal nervules,—3 larger, between

Ist median nervule and sub-median nervure. Hind-wing : a small,

disco-cellular spot; beyond middle, between Ist sub-costa! nervure

and sub-median nervure, an irregular row of 5 spots, of which the

2nd is much the largest, and the last indistinct. UNpDERsIDE.—

Creamy-yellow, tinged with greenish; with black dots. Fore-ning:

inner-marginal portion, from base, blackish, contrasting strongly

with lowermost spots of outer transverse row; a minute, disco-

cellular, black dot; a little behind it, 4 similar dots marking inner

extremities of upper spots of outer transverse row; a sub-marginal

row of 4 blackish dots, radiating to-hind-margin. Hind-ning: 2

black dots below costal nervure, one close to base, the other be-

fore middle; beyond middle, two nearly parallel, irregular rows

of black dots, those of inner row larger, more irregularly placed.

“King William’s Town, December 8th, 1860.”—D’Urban, in

litt.

Two damaged specimens in the South African Museum were

forwarded from Butterworth, (Kaffraria,) by Mr. J. H. Bowker.

Genus Hesverta, Fab., Sws.

Hesperia Amaponda.

Exp. 1 in. 7-lin.—1 in. 9 lin.

_@ Dark-brown; with sub-vitreous, yellow-ochreous, transverse

markings. Fore-wing: in basal portion, and along inner-margin,

irrorated with dull-yellowish; a rather wide stripe, irregularly

dentate externally and internally, from costa slightly before middle

to sub-median nervure near anal angle, where it ends almost in a

point ; near apex, a parallel shorter band, touching neither costa

nor hind-margin. Hind-wing: irrorated with yellowish scales,

excepting along costa and hind-margin; at extremity of discoidal

cell a sub-reniform spot. Cilia of fore-wing brown, of hind-

wing yellow. Unpersipr.—Paler; yellow markings as above,

but with fewer scales than on upperside ; a very limited yellowish

irroration at bases. Fore-wing: a pale yellowish-grey space at

anal angle, adjoining extremity of transverse band. Hind-ning :

406 Species of Butterflies from Kaffraria.

spot at extremity of cell larger, more conspicuous; in cell, a more

or less distinct, small, yellow spot.

2. Similar, universally paler.

I have provisionally placed this handsome “skipper” under the

genus Hesperia; but have little doubt that it will eventually be

considered as the type of a new genus, combining as it does the

characters of several Hesperideous genera. The palpi are por-

rect, rather obtuse at extremity, densely scaled, moderately hairy:

the antennz terminated by an angulated (not recurved) club.

The fore-wings have the costa moderately arched at base, but

slightly convex: the apex slightly acuminate; the hind-margin

rather convex in middle, entire; the anal angle well indicated,

though rounded; the inner-margin almost straight. The hind-

wings present much the same characters, but the hind-margin is

moderately dentate, and rather markedly prominent in its central

portion. The legs are rather long and stout: the middle and

hind tibize densely hairy, armed at extremity with a pair of con-

spicuous spurs; the fore-tibiz very short, thickened at ex-

tremity.

‘**Forest on Hangman’s Bush Hill, above Frankfort, March 28th,

1861; abundant.”—D’Urban, in litt.

Mr. J. H. Bowker, who has recently forwarded the ¢ of this

species from the Bashee River, Kaffraria, describes it as “ solitary

and rare; flies swiftly, often lighting with the wings open on the

underside of the leaves of weeds and plants near the water.”

Mr. D’Urban informs me that the ¢ Amaponda is in the Col-

lection of the British Museum.

( 407° )

XXX. A List of the Genera and Species belonging to the

Family Cryptoceride, with Descriptions of new Species ;

also a List of the Species of the Genus Echinopla. By

FREDERICK Situ, Esq., Pres. Entom. Soc.

[Read 4th August, 1862.]

TuIs paper contains a complete list of the species belonging to the

various genera composing the family Cryptoceride ; reference is

made to every work in which figures of the species have appeared.

In order to render the list as complete as possible, figures of new

species, and also of such as have not been previously published,

are now given; the new species are also described. Some of the

insects included in the genera Meranoplus, Cataulacus, and also in

Echinopla, have been described from unique examples, not in my

own collection, and therefore not available for such minute exa-

mination as others of which several specimens have been obtained ;

probably hereafter, when the species occur more plentifully, and

more thorough investigations are made, it may then be found ne-

cessary to separate some from the genera in which I have placed

them. Should any case of this kind occur, I beg those Ento-

mologists, who make such discoveries, to bear in mind, that the

circumstance is solely attributable to the fact of their being more

fortunate than myself in having at their command more ample

materials, which enables them to pursue their investigations

further than I could possibly do, possessing only unique speci-

mens, frequently the property of public museums or of private

individuals. I feel called upon to make these observations in con-

sequence of some revisions having appeared of certain species of

Formicide, described by myself, by a continental author who has

overlooked this circumstance, and whose remarks convey the

impression of my having disregarded standard authorities from

a love of change, and fallen into error through carelessness of

investigation. In 1853 I produced a Monograph of the Cryp-

toceride, which was published in the Transactions of this So-

ciety ; since that time many new species have been discovered,

and it has appeared to myself desirable that a new and complete

list should be drawn up and published ; such a list I have care-

fully prepared, and I hope it will prove as useful as I have endea-

voured to make it.

408

Mr. F. Smith’s Lists of Species of

In my former paper, published in the Transactions of the So-

ciety (Vol. II. N. S. pp. 213—228), I included the genus Echi-

nopla in the family Cryptoceride; subsequent investigation has

proved the necessity of removing it to the family Formicide ; I

have, however, thought it desirable to give a list of the known

species, and figures of some, as none have been previously figured

in the Society’s Transactions.

Sp. 1.

Sp. 2.

Sp. 3.

Sp. 4.

Sp. 5.

Fam. FORMICID&, Leach.

Sub-family Cryprocrripz, Smith.

Cryptocerus atratus, Latr. Hist. Nat. xii. 260, tab. cil.

fig. 18.

Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. 2nd Ser. ii.

Play OG sabe ies Oa sol, soak

fig. 2g.

Hab. Brazil; Cayenne; Panama; Surinam. In

Mus. Brit., &c.

Cryptocerus oculatus, Spm. Mem. Accad. Torino, 2nd

Ser. xii. 65, 48 8.

—--—— Athiops, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. 2nd Ser.

Wy MGS jolla Sse ithe, 8) teh 5

Hab. Para; Ega. In Mus. Brit.

Cryptocerus serraticeps, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. Form.

p- 188; 3) pli xighie. eer

Hab. Ega. In Mus, Brit.

Cryptocerus clypeatus, Fabr. Syst. Piez. 420 8.

Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. 2nd Ser.

Te 2 7 pls xxi shige eu wendie

5,638.

Perty, Del. An. Art. 136, tab. 27,

f4 3.

(Pl. XII. fig. 3 3.)

Hab. Santarem (Brazil); South America. In Mus.

Brit., &c.

Cryptocerus D’Orbignyanus, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. 2nd

Ser. ii. 218, pl. xix. fig.

5@.

Hab. South America. In Coll, Westw.

Sp.

10.

ll.

12.

14,

Cryptoceride and Echinopla. 409

Cryptocerus quadrimaculatus, Klug, Ent. Monog. p.

215, 10.

Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc.

2nd Ser. ii. 219, pl.

SxIbike 1, G2.

(Pl. XII. fig. 2 8.)

Hab. Para; Villa Nova; Ega. In Mus. Brit., &c.

Cryptocerus quadriguttatus, Guér. Icon. Rég. Anim.

425 3.

Hab. Columbia; Bolivia; Brazil.

Cryptocerus argentatus, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. 2nd

Sele dis 2 Sen ple xix.) Me ee

Hab. Columbia; Mexico; Brazil. In Brit. Mus., &c.

. Cryptocerus angulatus, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. Form. p.

194, pl. xu. fig. 4 3, minor.

(PI. XII. fig. 1 3, major.)

Hab. Tunantins (Brazil). In Brit. Mus., &c.

Cryptocerus elongatus, Klug, Ent. Monog. 214, 9 8.

Geb XO, ines & ti5 ainel Jal

é XIII. fig. 6 9.)

Hab. Santarem; Para; Rio. In Brit. Mus., &c.

Cryptocerus rimosus, Spin. Mem. Accad. Torino, xii.

65, 49 8.

Hab. Para.

Cryptocerus femoralis, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. 2nd Ser.

hs PAID), Falls ox, Sires GB} too

Hab. Brazil; Columbia. In Mus. Brit., &c.

. Cryptocerus cordatus, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. 2nd Ser.

li. 220, pl. xxi. fig. 3 3.

Hab. Santarem. In Mus. Brit.

Cryptocerus minutus, Fabr. Syst. Piez. 425, 5 8.

Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. Form. 190,

14, pl. xi. fig. 3 3, minor.

(Pl. XII. fig. 6 8, major.)

Hab. Villa Nova; Rio Janeiro; Panama. In Mus,

Brit., &c.

VOL. I. THIRD SERIES, PART Iv.—NOvV. 1862. EE

410

Sp.

Sp. ¢

Sp.

AG:

24,

Mr. F. Smith’s Lists of Species of

. Cryptocerus pusillus, Klug, Ent. Monog. 202, 2.

Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. 2nd Ser.

112 22 On) le SX Oe Or.

Hab. Santarem ; Para; Rio Janeiro. In Mus. Brit., &c.

Cryplocerus obtusus, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. Form. p.

191 pl xuefig, 1259.

Hab. Santarem. In Mus. Brit.

. Cryptocerus Pinelii, Guer. Icon. Rég. Anim. p. 425.

Hab. Moro-Gueimado (Brazil). -

Cryptocerus complanatus, Guér. Icon. Rég. Anim.425 8 .

Hab. Cayenne.

. Cryptocerus Pavonii, Latr. Gen. Crust. et Ins. iv.

WD tebe

Hab. South America.

. Cryptocerus discocephalus, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. 2nd

Sena We 225n plex Xe

fig. 2 3.

Cat. Hym. Ins. Form.

ps l9l; plexi fig. d

3; 2 ¥ major; 3

% minor.

Hab. Villa Nova. In Mus. Brit., &c.

. Cryptocerus causticus, Pohl. and Kollar, Braz. Ins.

p- 17, fig. 12 3.

Hab. Brazil.

. Cryptocerus elegans, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. 2nd Ser.

11, 222, pl. xix fig. 3° 9'.

Hab. Villa Nova; Ega; Santarem. In Mus. Brit., &c.

. Cryptocerus depressus, Klug, Ent. Monog. p. 204,48.

Hab. Rio Janeiro. In Mus. Berl.

Cryptocerus membranaceus, Klug, Ent. Monog. p. 208, 7.

Smith, Trans. Ent. Soe.

2nd Ser. ii. 217, pl. xxi.

fig, 4 3.

(Pl. XII. fig. 9 8.)

Hab. Rio; Tejuca. In Mus. Brit., &c.

Sp.

30.

31.

Cryptoceride and Echinopla. 41]

. Cryptocerus pallens, Klug, Ent. Monog. 206 8.

Hab. Brazil. In Mus. Berl.

. Cryptocerus umbraculatus, Fabr. Syst. Piez. p. 420¢.

Hab. Bahia, S. America. In Mus. Berl.

. Cryptocerus unimaculatus, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. 2nd

Ser. ii. 221, pl. xix. fig. 9 3.

Hab. Brazil. In Coll. Smith.

Cryptocerus hemorrhoidalis, Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm.

p. 276 8.

Hab. St. Domingo.

Cryptocerus araneolus, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. 2nd Ser.

il. 223, pl. xix. fig. 4 8.

Hab. St. Vincent’s. In Coll. Smith.

Cryptocerus placidus, Smith, Journ. Entom., 1. 76, 3 ¢.

(P). XII. fig. 4g.)

Hab. St. Paul. In Mus. Brit.

Cryptocerus laminatus, Smith, Journ. Entom. i. 76, 4,

pl. iv. fig. 4 8.

Hab. Ega. In Mus. Brit.

Cryptocerus grandinosus, Smith, Journ. Entom. 1. 76, 5,

pl. iv. fig. 5 $.

Hab. Ega. In Mus. Brit.

Cryplocerus bimaculatus, Smith, Journ, Entom. i. 77, 6,

pl. iv. fig. 4 2.

Hab. Mexico. In Mus. Brit.

Sp. 34. Cryptocerus cognatus.

C’. aterrimus, thorace antice posticeque spinoso, elongatus, abdo-

mine flavo-quadrimaculato.

Female. —Length 23 lines. Head obscurely ferruginous above,

black beneath ; the mandibles obscure ferruginous ; the antennz

fusco-ferruginous, with the scape and the base and apex of the

flagellum rufo-testaceous; the tips of the femora, tibia, and

tarsi ferruginous; the abdomen elongate, half the length of the

EE 2

412 Mr, F. Smith’s Lists of Species of

insect, deeply emarginate at the base, the lateral angles of its

base with a large yellow spot, and a large ovate yellow spot on

each side towards the apex of the first segment. The wings

ample, fusco-hyaline ; thenervures testaceous; the stigma brown.

The head and thorax rather strongly punctured; the abdomen

very delicately shagreened, and with a few fine scattered punc-

tures. The anterior and posterior angles of the thorax with short

spines, the anterior pair acute. (Pl. XIII. fig. 4.)

Hab. Ega, on the Amazon. In Coll. Smith.

This species closely resembles the C. quadrimaculatus, but it 1s

considerably smaller; on a comparison with examples of that

species the following differences present themselves: the head is

of a different colour and much more oblong, the sides being much

more straight; the thorax is more elongate, and the metathorax

has at its base, on each side, a small angular tooth; its thorax

and abdomen are sub-opake, in C. 4-maculatus they are shining.

Genus Meranoptus, Smmith.

Sp. |. Meranoplus petiolatus, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. 2nd Ser.

ii. 224, pl. xx. fig. 7 8.

Hab. Brazil. In Coll. Smith.

ros)

Sp. 2. Meranoplus bicolor, Guér. Icon. Rég. Anim. 425.

Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. 2nd Ser. il.

224, pl. xx. fig. 6 Y.

Hab. India; Ceylon. In Coll. Smith.

Sp. 3. Meranoplus cordatus, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soe. ii. 82, pl. ii.

fig. 5 8.

Hab. Borneo (Sarawak). In Coll. Saunders.

Sp. 4, Meranoplus mucronatus, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soe. ii. 82,

pl. 1. fig. 6 8.

Hab. Borneo. In Coll. Saunders.

Sp. 5. Meranoplus castaneus, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soe. ii. 81, pl.

is Wie of «

Hab. Borneo. In Coll. Saunders.

Sp. 6. Meranoplus gracilis, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. Form. p.

194, 6, pl. xii. fig. 7 3.

Hab. Brazil. In Mus. Brit.

Cryptoceride and Echinopla. 413

Sp. 7. Meranoplus difformis, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. Form. p.

195, pl. xii. fig. 8 3.

Hab. Santarem. In Mus. Brit.

Sp. 8. Meranoplus striatus, Smith, Journ. Entom. i. 77, 1, pl.

Iv. fig. 1. 8.

Hab. St. Paul (Brazil). In Mus. Brit.

Sp. 9. Meranoplus subpilosus, Smith, Journ. Entom. i. 78, pl.

IAS Ue tobe

(GENS DIN IS Tiresy 7/ te)

Hab. St. Paul (Brazil). In Mus. Brit.

Sp. 10. Meranoplus spinosus, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. iii. 150 8.

(Pi. XIII. fig. 5 3).

Hab. Aru. In Coll. Saunders.

Sp. 11. Meranoplus armatus.

M. capite thoraceque ferrugineis, abdomine nigro; thorace

quadrato, angulis singulis spina acuta armatis.

Worker. Length 13 lines.

The head, antennz, thorax and legs ferruginous, the tarsi

and antennee palest; the head reticulated; the eyes black and

prominent. Thorax short, sub-quadrate; the anterior margin

slightly rounded, the lateral angles with a stout bifurcate spine, the

posterior tooth much smaller than the anterior one; at each of

the posterior angles are two stout, equal, slightly curved spines;

the thorax is coarsely punctured above. The nodes of the abdo-

men coarsely rugose, the anterior node with a short acute spine

on each side at its base. Abdomen black, smooth and round,

slightly emarginate at the base, moderately convex, (PI. XII.

fig. 7 §.)

Hab. Sumatra. In Coll. Smith.

This insect, which is somewhat mutilated, was given to me

along with other species of ants, by a friend who took a few insects

at Celebes and also at Sumatra; all the ants he believed were from

the latter locality.

Sp. 12. Meranoplus pubescens, (Cryptocerus pubescens,) Smith,

Trans. Ent. Soc. 2nd Ser. ii.

223, pl. xx. fig. 4 3.

Hab. Adelaide. In Coll. Smith.

It will be found on reference to my Monograph, page 214, that

414 Mr. F. Smith’s Lists of Species of

I included this insect in the genus Cryptocerus, with some hesi-

tation; on a more careful examination, and also an examination

of another species from Australia, I have satisfied myself that it

belongs to the genus Meranoplus:

Sp. 13. Meranoplus oceanicus.

M. castaneo-rufus; capite thoraceque longitudinaliter striatis ;

thorace subquadrato, angulis anticis subspinosis; metatho-

race quadrispinoso ; abdomine cordato.

Worker. Length 2 lines. Chestnut-red; the eyes black and

prominent; the head narrowed anteriorly and slightly emarginate,

rounded posteriorly ; covered with a longitudinal raised striation,

the interstices very delicately shagreened. Thorax sub-quadrate,

with an irregular longitudinal raised striation, the interstices

shagreened; the anterior margin rounded, the angles acute; the

lateral margins slightly raised, with a tooth a little beyond the

middle; the posterior angles produced into acute spines, and

the posterior margin has also two short teeth or spines in the

middle. The abdomen heart-shaped, the nodes rugose, the

first with a spine on each side, on the thorax, at its insertion ; the

head, thorax and abdomen with scattered erect hairs. (PI. XII.

fiz. 5 3.)

Hab. Moreton Bay. In Mus. Brit.

Genus Catautacus, Smith.

Peal: Cataulacus Taprobane, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. 2nd Ser.

Ma? 20, ple xx oul canoe

Hab. Ceylon. In Coll. Westw.

Cataulacus Guineensis, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. 2nd Ser.

1 2255 pl eet OS

Hab. Tropical Western Africa. In Coll. Westw.

a9)

Sp. 3. Cataulacus parallelus, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. 2nd Ser.

1. 226), ply xix. fe. 6. Oe

Hab. Cape of Good Hope. In Coll. Smith.

Sp. 4. Cataulacus granulatus, Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. p. 275,

tab. 12, fig. 75.

Hab. India.

Cryptoceride and Echinopla. 415

Sp. 5. Cataulacus horridus, Smith, Proc. Linn. soc. ii. 81, pl. il.

fig. 3 3.

Hab. Borneo. In Coll. Saunders.

Sp. 6. Cataulacus reticulatus, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 81,

pl. 11. fig. 8 3.

Hab. Borneo. In Coll. Saunders.

Sp. 7. Cataulacus insularis, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 80, pl. ii.

fig. 4 2.

Hab. Borneo. In Coll. Saunders.

Sp. 8. Cataulacus setosus, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. v. 114, pl. i.

Me, 7 So

Hab. Bachian; Mysol; Waigiou. In-Coll. Saunders.

Sp. 9. Cataulacus flagitiosus, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. vi.49,1 3.

(Pl. XIII. fig. 2 3.)

Hab. Celebes. In Coll. Saunders.

Genus CErRATOBASIS, Smith.

Sp. 1. Ceratobasis singularis, Smith, Journ. Entom. i. 78,

pl. iv. figs. 12,13 @.

Meranoplus singularis, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. Form. p.

195, pl. xiii. figs. 6—10 3.

Hab. Brazil. In Mus. Brit.

Family FORMICIDA, Leach.

Genus Ecuinopta, Smith.

In the Journal of Proceedings of the Linnzean Society, in 1857,

I first characterized the genus Echinopla: at that time it appeared

to me to possess many characters in common with some of the ants

comprising the family Cryptoceride, particularly that of the first

abdominal segment concealing all the following segments. Having

had opportunities of carefully examining a number of specimens of

the seven species now known, I have satisfied myself that the true

situation of the genus Echinopla is near to, perhaps following, the

genus Polyrhachis in the Formicide. Lhave thought it desirable to

publish a list of all the species at present known to me, and also to

give figures of each, in order to facilitate their identification.

Some of the species are described from unique examples in the

Saundersian Collection; hereafter, when numerous examples may

416 List of Species of Echinopla.

be obtained, and an opportunity offers further facilities for anato-

mical investigation, it may be found desirable to separate some of

the species, and to form sub-genera for their reception.

Genus Ecuinopta, Smith.

Sp. 1. Echinopla melanarctos, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 79,

pl. i. fig. 25 8.

(Pl. XIII. fig. 9 $.)

Hab. Borneo. In Mus. Brit., &c.

Sp. 2. Echinopla pallipes, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soe. 11. 80, 2 3.

(Pl. XIII. fig. 3 8.)

Hab. Borneo; Celebes. In Mus. Brit., &c.

Sp. 3. Echinopla striata, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 80, 3 8.

(EPO ite 8 20!)

Hab. Malacca; Celebes; Ceram. In Mus. Brit., &c.

Sp. 4. Echinopla pretexta, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. v. 113, pl. i.

fig.5 3.

(Pl. XIII. fig. 1 3.)

Hab. Bachian. In Coll. Saunders.

Sp. 5. Echinopla dubitata, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soc. vi. 50 3.

Hab. Celebes. In Coll. Saunders.

Sp. 6. Echinopla nitida, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soe. vii.

(Pl. XIII. fig. 10 % .)

Hab. Ceram. In Coll. Saunders.

Sp. 7. Echinopla deceptor, Smith, Proc. Linn. Soe. vii.

Hab. Boroo. In Coll. Saunders.

C Ai 5

XXXI. Descriptions of new East-Asiatic Species of Ha-

liplidee and Hydroporide. By the Rev. Hamuer

Crark, M.A., F.L.S.

[Read 6th Oct. 1862.]

Tue insects described in this Paper have either been received by

me during the last few years through Mr. Stevens, or communi-

cated by the kindness of Mr. Bowring. Mr. Henry Adams, who

has spent several years on the coast of China, has also contributed

interesting species; his collection is singularly rich in this group,

and proves how that, with even few opportunities, additions that

are most important may be made to local faunas by travellers:

Mr. Bowring’s collection contains many new and interesting mi-

nute forms from Java.

Tribus I. HALIPLIDES.

Genus 1. Hautetus, Lat.

1. Haliplus variabilis, n. sp.

Ovatus, sat latus, apicé subacuminatus, fortiter et crebré punc-

tatus, testaceus, elytris nigro-maculatis; capite subproducto,

ad basin antennarum transversé depresso, subpunctato, rufo,

ad basin maculis duabus rufis ; thorace lateribus subrotun-

datis, obliquis, basi ad medium laté angulato, subtiliter

punctato, ad apicem et basin punctorum seriebus ornato, ad

basin etiam foveolis duabus nigris; elytris punctato-striatis,

punctis nigris ad dorsum latis, ad apicem parvis, octo-macu-

latis, un& undique ante medium, duabus mediis, una post

medium; corpore subtus testaceo, antennis flavis, pedibus

flavis, tarsorum posticorum articulis nigris.

Long. corp. 14 lin.; lat. lin. 1.

In the maculations of the elytra this species is subject to con-

siderable variety ; in most of the examples before me there are on

each elytron four regularly disposed circular markings; in others

the two adjoining the suture together form one; in others the apical

portion of the elytra is more or less partially fuscous-black ; while

in others, throughout the whole surface, the different markings

are entirely absent,

The species is a common one, and has an extensive range: I

VOL. I. THIRD SERIES, PART V.—FEB. 1863. FF

418 Rev. H. Clark’s Descriptions of new

have, by the kind liberality of Mr. Arthur Adams, received a

series both from the Corea and from Canton.

Mr. Bowring has taken it near Amoy.

2. H. pulchellus, n. sp.

Ovatus, apicé attenuatus, nigro-punctatus, pallidé testaceus,

lineA a capite ad apicem Jaté medié inzequali, maculisque

minutis ad.elytra nigris; capite sparsim punctato, ad basin

antennarum transverse foveolato, rufo vel rufo-fusco; thorace

lateribus obliquis subrotundatis, basi sinuato, punctato, me-

dio vitté subtriangulari nigra; elytris punctis sat parvis nigris

ordine dispositis, basi media vittaque suturali, maculisque

undique minutis parvis nigris, vitt@ ante medium iterumque

post medium latiori; corpore subtus pallidé flavo, pedibus

antennisque rufis.

Long. corp. lin. 13; lat. lin. 2.

The medial longitudinal marking, which so strikingly designates

this species, slightly varies in form; in all examples before me it

is broader near the middle, and also near the apex, differing some-

what in outline and in breadth.

Mr. Bowring has received two specimens from Siam, and Mr.

Wallace has taken the species near Malacca.

3. H. eximius, n. sp.

Elongato-ovalis, sat convexus, ad apicem acuminatus, striato-

punctatus, rufus; capite infra antennarum basin transversé

depresso, Jeviter punctato; thorace anticé emarginato, lateri-

bus rectis, obliquis, basi sinuato fortiter sed sparsim punctato,

elytris elongatis, striato-9-punctatis, interstitiis etiam leviter

striato-punctatis, corpore subtus rufo-fusco, pedibus antennis-

que rufis,

Long. corp. lin. 13; lat. lin. 4.

In form and colour generally H. eximius much resembles H.

rubidus, Perris (= perforalus, Schaum), from the Pyrenees: the

thorax of the species before us is broader at the base, more con-

tracted towards the front, and less closely punctate; the elytra

are the same in form (a trifle narrower and more acuminated); the

interstices between the rows of punctures have each of them a

row of similarly arranged but smaller punctures (the similar in-

terstitial punctures in 17. rubidus being more interrupted).

Two examples of this species were taken in a pond on Deer

Species of Haliplide and Hydroporide. 419

Island, Tsau-li-an, Korea, by Mr. A. Adams, and by him kindly

placed in my collection.

4, H. simplex, n. sp.

Ovalis, convexus, ad apicem subacuminatus, testaceus, punctis

maculisque nigris; capite sparsim punctato, fulvo, ad basin

transversé fusco; thorace anticé hand emarginato, lateribus

rectis (haud rotundatis), obliquatis, basi sinuato, sparsim et

fortiter punctato, flavo; elytris 9 punctato-striatis (punctis fre-

quentibus, sat magnis, nigris), interstitiis sparsissimé punctatis

ad latera undique maculis tribus infuscatis, ad mediumque und

plus minus transvers4, corpore subtus punctato, flavo; pedi-

bus rufo-fuscis, antennis rufis.

Long. corp. lin. 1; lat. lin. 2. ;

The thorax of H. simplex is immaculate, the base and apex

being sparingly punctate; the elytra have nine rows of large and

closely arranged punctures, the interstices being also sparingly

punctate; these punctures are black, the margins of the punctures

being somewhat suffused; near the sides this suffused black colour-

ing of the punctures is ante-medially, post-medially, and nearer

the apex more confluent; thus forming three indeterminate infus-

cations ; a similar cloudy marking is formed transversely near the

middle.

A single example of this species is in my collection, taken by

Mr. A. Adams, in a pond on Deer Island, Tsau-li-an, Korea.

Tribus Il. HYDROPORIDZ.

Genus 1. Hypuinrvs, Illig.

1. HZ. orientalis, n. sp.

Ovatus, brevis, crassus, supra modicé convexus, fortiter punc-

tatus, punctato-striatus, rufus, nigro-notatus; capite anticé

marginato, sparsim punctato, rufo; thorace anticé emarginato,

lateribus apicem versus contractis, haud rotundatis, margi-

natis, basi laté ad medium angulato, fortiter punctato pre-

sertim ad basin, rufo, ad mediam basin nigro-binotato; elytris

robustis, brevibus, leviter unistriatis, fortiter punctatis, rufis,

sutura vitta irregulari anté medium alteraque post medium

inzequalibus undulantibus nigris, vittaé anteriori interdum ad

medium elytri interrupta, vitta posticd seepius ad suturam

maculam nigram undique continenti, arcuat&; sutura inter

FF2

420 Rev. H. Clark’s Descriptions of new

vittas laté nigricanti; macula ad humeros et apice nigris ; cor-

pore subtus rufo; antennis pedibusque rufo-fuscis.

Long. corp. lin. 2; lat. lin. 14.

Among six examples before me there is but little variation in

pattern, and none whatever in form or size: in the elytra the form

of the anterior transverse band is inconstant, in some examples it is

broader, and again it is occasionally interrupted in the middle; in

the latter case presenting a short medial fascia and lateral insular

marking. The species differs from H. pulchellus by its slightly

less rounded form; H. ortentalis, when seen from above, presents

a very obtuse though manifest angle between the sides of the

thorax and the elytra; in H. pulchellus the line is more rounded

and entirely continuous: from H. eximius it is separated by its

pattern: from both species also by its considerably larger size.

The examples of H. orientalis are all from the cabinet of Mr.

Bowring, and are all labelled ‘ Amoy.”

2. H. pulchellus, n. sp.

Subovatus, subrotundatus, brevis, supra modicé depressus,

punctato-striatus, fortiter punctatus, rufus, nigro-ornatus ;

capite anticé marginato, subtiliter punctato, rufo; thorace

anticé emarginato, lateribus obliquatis, haud rotundatis,

tenué marginatis, basi laté ad medium angulato, fortiter sed

inzequaliter punctato, fusco, ad latera laté rufo vel flavo-rufo ;

elytris rufo-flavis, sutura vitta lata media, maculaque ad

apicem communi triangulari nigris, vitté media irregular,

maculaque. apicali grandi, communi, et confusé definita; ad

humeros macula nigra inconspicua latet; corpore subtus,

pedibus, antennisque rufo-fuscis.

Long. corp. lin. 12; Jat. lin. 1.

In this species the margin of the thorax is in the same con-

tinuous line (when seen from above) as that of the elytra; in

pattern it resembles generally the last species, the broad black

fascia of the elytra does not extend to the margin, its outline is

irregular and interrupted, being generally broader as it approaches

the margin; the suture below the fascia is broadly black; the

apex is almost entirely occupied by a triangular marking of black,

which leaves only a narrow and unevenly-bounded margin.

A specimen of this species was taken by Mr. Bowring, labelled

“*’Amoy.”

Species of Haliplide and Hydroporide. 421

3. H. eximius, n. sp.

Breviter ovatus, latus, superné haud convexior, punctato-striatus,

fortiter punctatus, rufo-flavus, nigro ornatus; capite anticé

marginato, inter oculos undique depresso, leniter punctato,

rufo, ad basin fusco adumbrato; thorace anticé emarginato,

lateribus obliquis, haud rotundatis, marginatis, basi ad me-

dium laté angulato; disco multi-punctato punctis magnis

etiamque crebrius minutis, rufo-flavo, ad mediam basin et

maculis duabus juxta basin nigro ; elytris robustis, ad apicem

subacuminatis, punctato-unistriatis, ut in thorace punctatis,

rufo-flavis ; sutura, vitté transversa (haud dubito) media, ad

apicem plag& communi, et ad humeros macula parva nigris ;

corpore subtus, antennis, pedibusque rufo-fuscis.

Long. corp. lin. 2; lat. lin. 14.

There is a general resemblance among these three first species

of the genus ; but each, as I have before noted, may readily be

separated. The punctuation of this species somewhat differs

from that of the preceding; it consists of larger punctuations,

between which are more minute punctures: the pattern of the

markings of the elytra resembles much that of H. pulchellus, the

transverse fascia (in the single example before me represented by

a shorter band and a lateral insulated marking of black) is nar-

rower; two sub-circular, adjacent, flavous spots are well defined,

one on either side of the suture in the midst of the triangular

basal marking of fuscous. In size this species corresponds with

1, pulchellus, in form it resembles /7. orientalis.

I have a single example in my cabinet, which I obtained some

years ago from Mr. Stevens, received by him from China,

4, H, nigro-notatus, n. sp.

Ovatus, latus, crassus, supra haud convexior, punctato-striatus,

crebreé punctatus, nitidus, rufus, nigro-notatus; capite ad

apicem marginato, inter oculos undique depresso, ad_ basin

leviter punctulato, rufo-flavo ; thorace anticé excavato, lateri-

bus obliquis rectis tenué marginatis, basi ad medium angu-

lato, crebré punctato, rufo-flavo, cum duabus maculis ad

medium basalibus, vel rufo-flavo basi nigra, vel omnino nigro-

fusco; elytris latis, unistriatis, crebré punctatis, rufis, sutura

et undique linea parallela nigris, apice laté nigro; corpore

subtus fusco vel rufo, pedibus antennisque rufis.

Long. corp. lin. 2; lat. lin. 14.

422 Rev. H. Clark’s Descriptions of new

This species may readily be distinguished from H. orientalis, not

only by the difference of its pattern, but also by its form and

sculpture. . nigro-notatus is a trifle more oblong, not so broadly

rounded ; the thorax is distinctly longer, and the punctures are

not irregular in depth and breadth as in that species, but closely

arranged and entirely similar ; it differs also in form from the pre-

ceding species, being perceptibly more elongate: one example of

the five before me has the markings on the elytra almost entirely

obliterated.

From the Collection of Mr. Bowring.

5. H. bisulcatus, n. sp.

Ovatus, brevis, supra sat convexus, crebré punctatus, punctato-

striatus, cinereus vel pallidé cinereus, nigro-lineatus ; capite

ad apicem marginato et inter oculos subdepresso, leviter

punctato, testaceo ; thorace anticé emarginato, lateribus obli-

quis haud rotundatis marginatis, basi haud sinuato, laté ad

medium marginato, leniter subpunctato, lateribus undique

tenuiter fuscis, ad basin undique ad medium nigro-adum-

bratis, lateribus latis, undique bistriatis, striis haud punc-

tatis, crebré punctatis, cinereis, sutura, basi, marginibus

juxta apicem lineisque duabus nigris; lined ad marginem

tenul brevi, ad suturam lata inzequali apicem versus ampliata ;

corpore subtus flavo-rufo; pedibus et antennis cinereis vel

rufo-cinereis.

Long. corp. lin. 2; lat. lin. 13.

It is probable that the markings of this species may be subject

somewhat to variation; but it is sufficiently characterized by the

four impunctate striz on the elytra; the markings of the elytra

consist of two longitudinal fuscous lines, neither of them extend-

ing to the base or the apex ; the line nearer the suture is irregular

in form and towards the apex widens into a broad macula, in the

midst of which is sometimes an insulated flavous marking, the

line near the margin is narrower and regularly formed, extending

to the apical macula. The especial character of the species, how-

ever, is a deeper sulcation, slightly curved and post-medial, in

the stria which is nearer the margin; this, when seen obliquely, is

considerably deeper and more apparent than the stria of which it

forms a part.

This species has been taken by Mr. Wallace near Malacca.

Species of Haliplide and Hydroporide. 423

6. H. rufus, n. sp.

Ovatus, brevis, crassus, corpore supra convexiusculo, valdé

punctato, rufo, nigro-lineato; capite anticé marginato, punc-

tato, thorace anticé emarginato, ad latera obliquato (subro-

tundato) tenué marginato, ad basin sinuato, et ad medium

laté angulato, punctato, rufo, ad basin plus minus fusco-adum-

brato; elytris latis, brevibus, densé et fortiter punctatis, sutura

et quatuor lineis nigris, parallelis, aliquando obscuris, interdum

post medium breviter interruptis ; corpore subtus valdé punc-

tato, rufo; antennis pedibusque rufis.

Long. corp. 2 lin.; lat. 14 lin.

The only tendency to variation that I can trace in this species

is the comparative obliteration of the longitudinal lines on the

elytra; the dark-red colour pervades the whole of the surface, so

as to render the markings somewhat obscure; in two examples

the lines are interrupted behind the middle.

Examples of this species are in Mr. Bowring’s Collection. From

the coast of China.

7. H. rufo-niger, n. sp.

Ovatus, brevis, latus, sparsim punctatus, punctato-striatus, ni-

tidus, niger ; capite inter oculos undique depresso, impunc-

tato, rufo; thorace anticé vix emarginato, lateribus obliquis,

haud rotundatis, basi ad medium laté angulato, tenuiter

punctato, nigro-rufo ; elytris marginibus cum thoracis lateri-

bus vix angulum formantibus, punctatis, bistriatis, interstitiis

Sparsissimé punctatis, nigris vel rufo-nigris, nitidis ; corpore

subtus, antennis pedibusque rufis.

Long. corp. lin. 12; lat. lin. 4—1.

From China, taken by Mr. Bowring. I have also before me a

single specimen from Mr. Bowring’s Collection, labelled as from

Java.

Genus 2. Hyproporus, Clairv.

§ A. THoracE HAUD LONGITUDINALITER STRIATO.

1. H. carbonarius, n. sp.

Ovalis, penitus circularis, depressus, punctatus, carbonarius,

nitidus; capite subtilissimé punctato, rufulo; thorace anticé

emarginato, lateribus obliquis rotundatis, basi subsinuato, ad

medium laté angulato, punctato, punctis crebris et distinctis,

424 Rey. H. Clark’s Descriptions of new

nigro, ad latera subrufulo; elytris brevibus, haud punctato-

striatis, punctatis ; ad latera obscuré marginatis, nigris, cor-

pore subtus rufo-fusco : antennis pedibusque rufis.

Var. Fusco-brunneus, insulam Javam habitat.

Long. corp. 1 lin. ; lat. 4 lin.

This species in form is almost circular, of a bright, shining,

black colour throughout, the head and the thorax only being

tinged with rufous; the punctures are a trifle larger and more

thickly disposed on the thorax than on the elytra; on the latter

they are irregular and more minute, there being no trace of any

striz-like rows.

H. carbonarius is in the same section as Hydroporus (Hydro-

ovatus, Motsch.) obtusus, Motsch., from India, which it nearly re-

sembles: it is broader, less oblong, very slightly and not decidedly

acuminated at the apex; it is more closely allied still with (though

entirely distinct from) a species from N. York, which I have re-

ceived as H. convexus of Aubé; as this name, however, seems to

be indiscriminately applied to two or three N. American species,

and is involved in doubt which I am not at present able to clear

up, I need not more fully point out the distinctions.

The above diagnosis is drawn up from an example which Mr.

E. Adams took in Danes Island, China, in 1848.

I have received examples from Mr. Bowring, from Java,

which, though slightly different in some details, I refer with hesi-

tation to this species (pro tempore, at least,) as a variety; the

colour is fuscous, or rufo-fuscous, rather than black.

2. H. badius, n. sp.

Breviter ovatus, latus, sat depressus, punctulatus, nitidus, rufo-

ferrugineus ; capite inter oculos undique longitudinaliter de-

presso, impunctato, rufo; thorace anticé emarginato, lateribus

subrotundatis obliquis, basi rectilineari, haud sinuato, ad me-

dium laté angulato punctato; elytris brevibus, ad humeros

cum thoracis margine haud angulum formantibus, punctatis ;

corpore subtus, pedibus, antennisque rufis.

Long. corp. lin. 1; lat. lin. 3.

Four examples in my cabinet correspond exactly in punctuation

and size: I may notice that this species, as well as other Asiatic

species of Hyphidrus, shows that the limits of these two genera

approach most closely each other; the distinguishing characteristic

is found in the length, as compared with the breadth, of the joints

of the anterior (dilated) tarsi of the male. In H. badius, manifestly

Species of Haliplide and Hydroporide. 425

a Hydroporus, and of a subsection which has representatives

nearly all over the world, the tarsi, by themselves, would almost

determine it to be a Hyphidrus: I have seen, on the other hand,

species of Hyphidri, which, if their position were decided by the

form of their tarsi, would perhaps be grouped among the Hydro-

port. In Hydrocantharide at least (and in other families also), it

is the general facies of an insect, although it may be difficult to

express this in the exact terms of a critical diagnosis, which is a

more truthful guide as to its natural position than either the joints

of the tarsi or the structure of the mouth or any single separate

organ, if considered by itself and without reference to the rest.

The species before us nearly resembles H. Malacce ; without close

microscopic examination (which is absolutely necessary for the

determination of all these minute species), it would perhaps be

not easy to separate them; the thorax (longitudinally and me-

dially) is deeper ; that is, the angle of its base at the scutellary

region is more acute, the anterior portion of the thorax is more

distinctly punctate, the apex is less acuminated, and the lateral

margin of the thorax is in one continuous line with that of the

elytra ; when viewed laterally, the outline of the shoulders is more

rounded, and forms a more marked angle with the sides of the

thorax.

Taken by Mr. Adams in Danes Island, on the coast of China,

and by him kindly presented to my collection.

3. H. Malacce, n. sp.

Breviter ovatus, rotundatus, sat depressus, punctatus, fusco-

rufus, nitidus ; capite ad apicem leviter marginato, intra oculos

undique foveolato, impunctato, rufo; thorace lateribus sub-

rotundatis, basi ad medium angulato, punctato, anticé rarius:

elytris sat latis, sensim acuminatis, punctatis; corpore sub-

tus, antennis, pedibusque rufis.

Long corp. lin. 1; lat. lin. 4.

The only species known to me which this insect resembles is

H. badius, from China: from this (though very closely resembling

it) it may be separated by several distinctive features: when

viewed laterally the margin of the shoulders in this species is

more contracted, less rounded : there is a slight, though percep-

tible angle formed by the margin of the thorax and elytra, which

does not exist in H. badius. The apex of the elytra is manifestly

more elongate, and the punctuation also differs of the thorax.

The species has been taken by Mr. Wallace, near Malacca.

426 Rev. H. Clark’s Descriptions of new

4. H. aberrans, n. sp.

Breviter ovatus, latus, parallelus, fortiter punctato-striatus,

punctatus, testaceus, rufo-fusco notatus; capite leviter

punctato, rufo-fusco ; thorace anticé vix emarginato, lateribus

rotundatis, basi pene transverso, crebré punctato, testaceo, ad

medium fusco adumbrato; elytris sat latis, fortiter undique

striis punctatis octo latis ornatis, punctatis, testaceis, lineis

tribus rufo-fuscis a basi ad apicem, subparallelis ; corpore

subtus fusco, antennis pedibusque rufo-flavis.

Long corp. lin. 4; lat. lin. 3.

The only example that I have been able to examine of this

species is an imperfect one received by Mr. Bowring, from Java :

it presents very sufficient and striking characters ; the form of the

insect is short and parallel; the sides of the thorax are much

rounded, compressed at the anterior and posterior angles ; the

elytra are marked by eight deep striz, formed by closely arranged

broad punctures; in colour the surface is testaceous, the inter-

stices between the Ist and 2nd, the 3rd and 4th, the 5th and 6th

striz being irregularly rufo-testaceous.

5. H. pudicus, n. sp.

Ovalis, sat latus, et convexus, punctulatus, haud striato-puncta-

tus, rufus; capite pallidé rufo, oculis magnis, impunctato ;

thorace anticé emarginato, lateribus tenué marginatis, basi ad

medium laté angulato, impunctato, rufo, ad basin fusco-rufo ;

elytris convexis, robustis, punctulatis, rufis vel fusco-rufis ;

pedibus, antennis, corporeque subtus rufis.

Long corp. lin. 1; lat. lin. 3.

H. pudicus is very nearly allied to H. rubescens: without care-

ful examination the two species may be confounded together: the

insect before us is altogether more robust, broader and not so long ;

the thorax is differently formed, being more narrowly transverse ;

the angle of the basal line near the scutellum !s more distinct, and

the margin of the thorax (when viewed laterally) is shorter, more

in a line with the axis of the insect, and forming a much more

obtuse angle with the shoulders of the elytra.

A single example before me was received by Mr. Bowring, from

Java.

6. H. rubescens, n. sp.

Oblongo-ovalis, subtiliter punctatus, striato-punctatus, rufo-

ferrugineus, nitidus ; capite impunctato, rufo; thorace antice,

Species of Haliplide and Hydroporide. 427

fortiter emarginato, lateribus subrotundatis basi pene recto,

transverso, rufo; elytris parallelis, ad apicem subacumi-

natis, leviter striato-punctatis, rufo-ferrugineis ; corpore sub-

tus, pedibus antennisque rufis.

Long corp. lin. 1; lat. lin. 3.

A pretty and well defined species, elongate rather than sub-

globose, with elytra more parallel than in the preceding species ;

the punctures on the elytra are more distinct, the thorax is less

transverse, its basal margin consisting rather of a straight trans-

verse line than of an angle; the whole body is more depressed,

the margins of the elytra being close to the paper on which it is

gummed, as compared with those of the preceding species; the

colour also of the elytra is darker; from other Eastern species it

may be distinguished (so far as they are already known) by the

absence of any longitudinal strize at the base of the thorax or the

shoulder of the elytra.

Received by Mr. Bowring, from Java.

@. H, tenellus, n. sp.

Oblongo-ovalis, attenuatus, apicé acuminatus, rufo-flavus, im-

punctatus, nitidus ; capite rufo, impunctato ; thorace late trans-

verso, anticé subemarginato, lateribus sat rotundatis, leviter

marginatis, basi (superné viso) transverso, flavo, maculis

transversis ad apicem obscuré rufo-flavis ; elytris ad humeros

thorace haud latioribus, ad apicem acuminatis, impunctatis,

rufo-flavis, ad margines flavis ; pedibus, antennis et corpore

subtus flavis.

Long corp. lin. 2; lat. 3, lin.

One of the smallest species of Hydroporus with which I am

acquainted : in its oblong-ovate form it resembles much an elon-

gate Laccophilus ; the outline of the marginal line extends without

any interruption or angle in one continuous curve from the head

to the apex: its elongated form abundantly separates it from the

preceding species of this subsection, while the absence of thoracic

foveze removes it from other species of the genus to which in form

it is allied.

A single example was received by Mr. Bowring, from Java.

§ B. TuHorAce stRIA LONGITUDINALI VEL OBLIQUA HAUD ELYTRIS

CONTINUATA.

8. Al. orientalis, n. sp.

Oblongo-ovalis, subparallelus, post medium paululum Iatior,

428 Descriptions of Species of Haliplide and Hydroporide.

punctatus, rufo-fuscus ; capite inter oculos undique transversé

foveolato, rufo-flavo; thorace anticé emarginato, lateribus

subrotundatis obliquatis, basi subsinuato, ad medium leviter

angulato, crebré punctato, rufo-flavo ad basin transversé ad

medium fusco, striis ad basin brevibus obliquatis; elytris ad

latera angulum obtusissimum cum thoracis margine formanti-

bus, sat elongatis, ad apicem subacuminatis, undique suturam

juxta striatis, crebré punctatis, rufo-fuscis, macula undique

transversa subtriangulari, (ante medium, suturam haud attin-

genti,) vittaque ad marginem usque ad apicem flavis ; pedibus,

antennis, corporeque subtus flavis, vel rufo-flavis.

Long corp. lin. 1 ; lat. lin. 3.

This species is apparently subject to variety in shade of colour

rather than in pattern: the irregularly-formed, subtriangular, ante-

medial marking is constant in form; in no case does it reach the

suture: it is connected with an irregular lateral marking, which

(broader, post-medially) extends to the apex; thus causing the

apex itself to be transversely flavous. #H. orientalis may be sepa-

rated from others of this subsection by the direction of the thoracic

fovea, which is not longitudinal but distinctly oblique.

Taken in China, and also received from Siam by Mr. Bowring.

( 429 )

XXXII. Descriptions of some new Exotic Species of Luca-

nide. By J.O. Westwoop, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., &c.

[Read 7th Oct. 1861. ]

Tue following descriptions may be considered as supplemental

to the different memoirs which I have from time to time pub-

lished in these Transactions on various exotic species of Lucanide

(Trans. Ent. Soc., N.S., iii. 197, &c.). The species here de-

scribed are of small size, but they are not the less interesting, on

account of the peculiarities of structure which they respectively

exhibit, and which in several of the species are quite unique in

respect to the characters of this family. ‘To these species I have

added figures of both sexes of a very interesting species, Homo-

derus Mellyi, from tropical Africa, which has been described by

Major Parry. (See Journal of Proceedings of the Society for

December, 1862.)

Ryssonotus? jugularis, Westw. (Plate XIV. fig. 1.)

R. niger, capite et pronoto nitidis, hoc et elytris purpureo-

cupreis, pronoto mediocri angulis posticis emarginatis, elytris

dilatatis, capitis lateribus ante oculos productis et truncatis,

lobo jugulari deflexo, mento trigono. 9 ?

Long. corp. cum mand. lin. 10; lat. pronoti lin, 44; lat. elytr.

lin. 52.

Habitat Melbourne in Australia.

In Mus. Bakewell et Howitt.

This species is at once distinguished by its metallic hue, which,

together with its general form, gives it somewhat the appearance

of a female of the genus Chiasognathus, to which indeed it seems

to be somewhat allied.

It is black, with the head and prothorax glossy ; the elytra are

almost opake, except the sutural margin, which is polished; the

prothorax and elytra have a purplish coppery tint, varying on the

disc of the elytra to chesnut; the sides of the prothorax and the

suture of the elytra are slightly eneous. The head is small,

rugose and very irregular on the crown; in front of each eye is an

elevated tubercle, and there are two others close together in the

middle ; towards the front margin the posterior lateral angles of

the head are extended outwards beyond the eyes and are truncated.

430 Prof. Westwood’s Descriptions

The mandibles are about the length of the head, elongate-ovate ;

concave, with two or three small rounded lobes on the upper mar-

gins. The maxille are simple, the upper lobe being triangular

and strongly penicillated ; the palpi have the 2nd joint longer than

the rest. The mentum is triangular, fixed on the fore-margin of

a broad transverse deflexed projection of the jugulum, the anterior

portion of the labium being hidden by the produced angle of the

mentum. ‘The antennz are short, with the capitulum formed of

the six terminal joints, which are moderately produced on their

inner angles. The eyes are entirely divided by the broad trun-

cated septum.

The prothorax is of moderate size, much broader than the head,

but narrower than the middle portion of the elytra; the anterior

angles are rounded, but the posterior ones are obliquely emargi-

nate; the lateral margins are serrated and the disc has an impressed

channel along the middle, a curved impression on each side be-

hind the eyes, the sides deflexed and very rugose, and another

impression on each side within the posterior angles extending

towards the disc. The elytra are broad and convex, dilated be-

yond the middle, very delicately punctured, especially towards the

sides; the suture elevated and transversely and obliquely wrinkled.

The legs are robust, the anterior tibiz broad, with about six

serratures at the base and two strong teeth at the extremity of the

outer margin. The fore posterior tibize have two spines on the

outer margin, one near the middle and the other towards the base.

The body beneath is obscure black.

I am indebted to Robert Bakewell, Esq., F.L.S., for an op-

portunity of describing and figuring this remarkable insect, which

I presume to be a female specimen. Since the above description

was in type, Dr. Howitt has sent a drawing of another specimen

to England from Australia.

Sinodendron? areolatum. (Pl. XIV. fig. 2.)

Cylindricum, punctatissimum, punctis variolosis, nitidum, pro-

thorace antice angustato, disco areolis leevibus notato, elytris

4-subcostatis; capitis disco semicirculo parvo nitido inter

oculos instructo ; pedibus subelongatis. ? .

Long. corp. lin. 6.

Habitat in Nova Zealandia.

In Mus. Parry.

I have only seen a single female specimen of this species, the

diagnosis of which is therefore for the present only provisional ;

of Exotic Species of Lucanide. 431

indeed the want of the opposite sex, Joined to the broken con-

dition of the antennz in the specimen which I have examined,

leaves it doubtful whether it be rightly referred to the genus

Sinodendron, with which it agrees in the porrected scapes on

which the labial palpi are placed; but the palpi, both maxillary

and labial, are much larger than in S. cylindricum.

The upper surface is very convex; black, polished, with the

sides of the prothorax and elytra, and suture of the latter, obscure

pitchy-red ; covered with large, close, variolose, circular punctures,

those at the sides of the prothorax and hind part of the elytra

emitting whitish-buff scales. The head is small, transverse, nar-

rowed in front, the crown having a small raised polished semicir-

cular ridge in the middle, between the eyes. The eyes are entire:

the clypeus is small and transverse, in front of which the small

transverse labrum is affixed. The mandibles are very small,

broad, sub-triangular, with three minute obtuse teeth at the apex.

The maxille are small and penicillated ; neither of the lobes are

armed with a horny hook. The mentum is small, transverse, with

the anterior angles rounded, clothed sparingly with long reflexed

hairs; the fore-margin straight, having the small entire setose

labium porrected at its centre, the labial palpi arising from two

broad porrected scapes. The palpi (both maxillary and labial)

are moderately long and slender. The basal joint of the antenne

is rather long and very curved. The prothorax is as broad at its

base as the elytra, but its sides are gradually rounded and narrow-

ing to the head ; its lateral margins are finely serrated and the disc

marked with an irregular, central, longitudinal, wide, polished line,

and two elongated patches in front and two behind, rather raised

and polished; the middle of the hind-margin is extended back-

wards toward the scutellum.

The elytra are very convex, about half as long again as they are

wide, covered with punctures, each having four slightly defined

longitudinal ridges, upon which the punctures are not so close as

they are on the intervening depressed spaces. The legs are

moderately long, the anterior tibia slender and curved, with

thirteen irregular-sized denticulations, and with a strong spine

near the apex, which also forms a curved spine. The inter-

mediate and posterior tibize are armed with a central spine and

several minute denticles. The body beneath is black, glossy, and

less strongly punctured than on the upper surface,*

* See note, p. 437.

432 Prof. Westwood’s Descriptions

Mitophyllus Parrianus. (Pl. XV. fig. 3.)

Piceo-niger, nitidus, punctatus, squamis luteis tessellatus, mandi-

bulis mediocribus, prope basin externe elevatis, denteque

erecto subapicali armatis, antennarum capitulo mediocriter

elongato. g.

Long. corp. lin. 52.

Habitat in Nova Zealandia.

In Mus. D. Parry.

The head is sub-quadrate, black, very thickly and finely punc-

tured in the hinder part; the front depressed and slightly excavated,

separated from the hind part by a slightly-raised semicircular

ridge between the eyes, terminating on each side in the porrected

anterior angles of the head, immediately beneath which the an-

tenne are affixed. The eyes are large, round and entire. The

antenne are slender, 10-jointed; Ist joint long, covered witha few

erect bristles in front, the 7th joint is sub-triangular, with several

bristles starting from its apex; the three joints of the capitulum

are of moderate length, chesnut-coloured, and clothed with fine

pale pubescent hairs. The mandibles are not longer than half the

length of the head, somewhat triangular, excavated above; the

outer margin near the base elevated into an obtuse lobe, and the

upper edge near the tip armed with an erect triangular tooth ; they

are black and glossy, with a few punctures and luteous bristles.

The lobes of the maxillee are not armed with a curved spine on

the inner margin, the palpi are slender. ‘The lower lip was un-

fortunately lost in the examination of the unique specimen.

The prothorax has the sides more strongly rounded than in

M. zrroratus, with all the angles acute, the margin slightly serrated,

the disc irregularly punctured, having several smooth patches,

especially down the middie and on each side behind; the disc on

each side within the anterior angles is rather concave.

The elytra are convex, and closely punctured, each puncture

emitting a luteous scale, the scales disposed in several longitudinal

series connected together by several transverse irregular patches

of scales; the intervening spaces less strongly punctured. The

legs are slender; the anterior tibice with about fourteen minute

obtuse serratures between the base and the tooth beyond the

middle, and with about seven serratures between it and the apical

external tooth. The middle and hind-tibize are armed with several

very minute teeth, as well as with one more conspicuous in the

middle of the outer margin. The body beneath is pitchy-black,

of Exotic Species of Lucanide. 433

glossy, punctured, and sparingly squamose, with the jugulum

chesnut-coloured.

This species is at once distinguished from M. irroratus by its

more robust form and the shorter capitulum of its antenne.

Ceratognathus punctatissimus, Westw. (PI. XV. fig. 4.)

Oblongus, cylindricus, punctatissimus, niger ; lateribus pronoti,

elytris pedibusque fuscis; capite brevi, parvo, supra tuberculo

bilobato armato; mandibulis capite longioribus, supra auri-

culatis; pronoto lateribus rotundato, et intra margines la-

terales depresso. g.

Long. corp. lin. 63.

Habitat in Nova Hollandia.

In Mus. Parry.

Of this species I have only seen a single male individual. It is

slenderer in form and more elongate than C.? mentiferus, and is

densely covered with minute punctures. It is black, with the

sides of the prothorax, elytra and legs dark brown, and the an-

tenn pitchy. The head is small, the anterior angles are not

prominent, but rounded, and the crown of the head is armed with

a transverse bilobed tubercle. The mandibles are porrected,

longer than the head, slightly curved, strongly bifid at the tip,

and with two small conical projections near the tips; the upper

edge is compressed into an erect rounded lobe or tooth; the

inner margins fringed with bristles, set on transversely.

The maxillae are minute, with the terminal lobe small, simple,

conical, and strongly penicillated with hairs; the inner lobe is

also minute, slender, and simple. The palpi are moderately long

and slender, with the basal joint minute. The mentum is small,

transverse, flat, with the anterior lateral angles rounded off; the

labial palpi are slender, with the basal joint visible—they are in-

serted near the middle of the fore-margin of the mentum.

The antenne are small, and the capitulum is composed of three

moderately long branches. The prothorax is much wider than

the head, transverse, with the lateral margins slightly rounded

and finely serrated. The anterior margin is transversely elevated,

and the sides are depressed within the lateral margins. The disc

is thickly covered with minute punctures, and there is an im-

pressed longitudinal line down the centre. The scutellum is

small and semicircular. The elytra are oblong, rounded at the

tip, thickly covered with small punctures, emitting fine sete, and

VOL, I, THIRD SERIES, PART V.—FEB. 1863. GG

434 Prof. Westwood’s Descriptions

each has about six slender elevated costa. The legs are slender ;

the anterior tibize finely serrated, and armed with two teeth at the

tip (the outer tooth forming the apex itself). The posterior

‘ tibizee have a few minute spines on the outer margin, the apical

outer angle being elongated and truncate.

Ceratognathus? mentiferus, Westw. (Pl. XV. fig. 5.)

C. brevis, subcylindricus, niger, parum nitidus et luteo-squa-

mosus, dense punctatus; elytris tricostatis; capite tuberculo

medio conico, mento deflexo cordiformi, oculis sinuatis. ¢.

Long. corp. lin. 53; mandib. lin. 1; lat. elytr. lin, 23,

Habitat Goulborn River (Nov. Holland.)

In Mus. D. Parry.

Short, robust, subcylindrical; black, slightly glossy, thickly

punctured, slightly clothed with small luteous scales. Head

transverse, the anterior angles produced, elevated and truncated,

the space between their angles (or front margin) somewhat emar-

ginate; the clypeus vertical, subtriangular, rounded at the tip,

which meets the emargination of the mentum and shuts the mouth.

The middle of the disc of the head is armed with a single, conical,

obtuse tubercle ; the eyes are sinuated in the middle, both in front

and behind.

The antenne have the basal joint long and slender, the six fol-

lowing very short, and the three termina] ones produced on the

inside into long, slender, setose branches, almost equal in length

to the entire antenne.

The mandibles are porrected, rather longer than the head,

rather slender, with a strong obtuse tooth near the middle of the

inner margin, and a smaller one between it and the apical tooth,

which is bifid.

The maxilla are very small, with a very minute apical lobe,

somewhat triangular, obtuse at the tip, and covered with long

hairs; the inner lobe simple; the maxillary palpi are moderately

long and slender. The mentum forms a large deflexed lobe,

somewhat heart-shaped, strongly punctured, setose, deeply im-

pressed down the middle and notched at its base.

The prothorax is transversely quadrate, with the anterior angles

rounded and the hind ones slightly emarginate ; its upper surface

is marked with several polished impunctate patches, and a clear,

slender line along the middle, and four round impressions in a

row nearly across the transverse centre. The elytra are short,

rounded at the tip, punctate, each having three longitudinal,

of Exotic Species of Lucanide. 435

slightly raised, smooth costz, destitute of punctures, as is also the

raised suture. The scutellum is elongate-ovate, pointed at the

tip and punctured.

The underside of the body is black, shining, punctured and

clothed with luteous sete. '

The legs are rather slender, the anterior tibiz finely serrated,

and armed with one tooth on the outside near the tip, which is

also produced into a terminal tooth. The posterior tibiz are also

finely serrated, the intermediate ones armed with a minute tooth

on the outside near the apex, which is also acutely pointed, and

the posterior ones have the outer apical angle produced and trun-

cated at the tip.

I have only seen a single individual of this curious species, which

in general form and structure of its antennze approaches the genus

Ceratognathus, but the remarkable formation of its mentum and

sinuate eyes differ so much from the type of that genus that I do

not doubt that some of our “‘ go-a-head,” “ know nothing” Ento-

mologists will make it the type of a distinct genus.

Dorcus adspersus, Bohemann, Ins. Caffr. 2, 384.

GED XWVAeiionG:)

D. parvus, convexus, opacus, punctatus, niger, dense et irregu-

lariter luteo-squamosus et tessellatus, pronoto anticé tuber-

culis tribus minutis in triangulum dispositis. @ .

Long. corp. lin. 5}. pied

Habitat in Natalia.

In Mus. Parry et Mniszech.

Opaque, black, convex, thickly clothed with luteous scales

arising from the punctures on the disc, leaving irregular dark

patches. The head is small and unarmed, the hinder portion

narrowed and punctate, the anterior angles obliquely truncate.

The labrum is produced and semicircular ; the mandibles small,

and acutely bifid at the tips. The eyes slightly incised by the

lateral septum; the antenne short; the capitulum small, rounded

and 8-jointed; the maxille with the terminal lobe ovate, and

strongly penicillated, the inner lobe armed with a strong, curved

hook. The mentum is broader than long, with the anterior

angles rounded ; the labial lobes concealed, but furnished with

long projecting hairs. All the palpi are short, the terminal joint

being the largest. The prothorax is broad, convex, rounded at

the sides, with three small raised tubercles near the middle of the

fore-margin, arranged in a triangle (*,*); the dise is variegated

GG2

436 Prof. Westwood’s Descriptions

with irregular oval patches of pale scales, the middle of the disc

having a broad central dark patch. The scutellum is semicircular

and slightly impressed. The elytra are convex, rounded behind,

as broad as the middle of the prothorax, luteous, with several lon-

gitudinal dark patches towards the base, a transverse series of

shorter ones across the middle, and several more obscure ones

towards the apex. The legs are rather slender; the fore-tibiz

are irregularly serrated and armed with two strong teeth at the

tip, and the four posterior tibiae are armed beyond the middle

with a small spine.

The body beneath is black, shining and slightly clothed with

short luteous hairs arising from the punctures. The pectus is

canaliculated.

Prof. Bohemann does not state the sex of the specimens which

he has described. That in the collection of Major Parry, from

which I have derived my figure, appears to be a female.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES.

PLATE XIV.

Fig. 1—le.

Ryssonotus? jugularis, and details :—

Fig. 1, The insect magnified ; 1a, the head and prothorax seen from be-

neath; 16, the mandibles seen from above; 1c, the eyes, jugulum

and mentum seen laterally ; 1d, the maxilla; 1 e, the mentum and

labial palpi.

; Fig. 2—2d.

Sinodendron ? areolatum, and details :—

Fig. 2. The insect magnified ; 2a, clypeus, labrum and mandibles; 2b, the

tip of the mandibles seen laterally; 2c, the maxilla; 2d, the

mentum, labium and labial palpi.

PLATE XV.

Fig. 3—3 d.

Mitophyllus Parrianus, and details :—

Fig. 3. The insect magnified ; 3a, the mandibles seen from above; 35, the

mandible seen sideways ; 3c, the maxilla; 3d, the antenna.

Fig. 4—4d.

Ceratognathus punctatissimus, and details :—

Fig. 4. The insect magnified; 4a, the mandible; 45, the maxilla; 4c, the

mentum and labial palpi; 4d, the antenna.

Fig. 5—5e.

Ceratognathus? mentiferus, and details :—

Fig. 5. The insect magnified ; 5a, the head seen sideways ; 5b, the labrum,

of Exotic Species of Lucanida. 437

base of the mandibles, mentum and palpi seen from front; 5c,,the

maxilla; 5d, the mentum and labial palpus; 5e, the antenna.

PLATE XVI.

Fig. 6—6e.

Dorcus adspersus, and details :—

Fig. 6. The insect magnified; 6a, the mentum, external bases of the

maxillz, palpi and mandibles closed ; 66, the maxilla; 6c, the

mentum and labial palpi; 6d, the antenna; 6e, the fore-tibia.

Fig. 7—7h.

Homoderus Mellyi, Parry. Male.

Fig. 7. The insect of the natural size; 7a, the right side of the head seen

from above; 7 6, the underside of the head, with the mentum and »

labium removed, showing the maxilla, base of mandibles and base

of antenne; 7c, the maxilla; 7d, the mentum; 7e, the labium

and labial palpi; 7/, the eye; 7g, the terminal joints of the an-

tenne; 7h, the middle tibia.

Fig. 8—8e.

Homoderus Mellyi, Parry. Female.

Fig. 8. The female of the natural size; 8a, the labrum and mandibles ;

8b, the mentum; 8c, the extremity of the antenne; 8d and 8e,

the extremity of the fore-tibia.

Note.—It has been suggested to me that the insect described at p. 430, under

the name of Sinodendron? areolatum, may be identical with Ceratognathus Helo-

toides of Mr. Thomson’s recently published Treatise on Lucanide ; but the insect

I have described does not even belong to the same sub-family as Ceratognathus,

and it has not the most remote resemblance to a Helota. If it should neverthe-

less prove identical, I contend that such unintelligible nomenclature and de-

scription disqualify the retention of Mr. Thomson’s name.—J. O. W., Jan. 1863.

438 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse upon certain British Species

XXXIII. Note upon certain British Species of the Genus

Quedius in which the Elytra are more or less eneous,

and the Scutellum punctured. By G. R. WaTERHOUSE,

Esq., V.P.Z.5., &c.

[Read 3rd November, 1862. ]

TueseE insects are comprised in the genus Raphirus by Stephens.

I will first describe the species in Stephens’ collection which re-

presents the R. nitipennis of his works.

Qued. elongatus, attenuatus, niger; antennis, palpis, pedibusque

testaceis ; coxis intermediis, femoribus, tibusque posticis infus-

catis; elytris nigro-@neis, posticé rufo-marginatis, pube plus

minusve rufescenti vestitis, crebré subtiliter punctatis ; scutello

crebré punctulato ; abdomine supra linets quatuor interruptis

cinereo-pubescentibus ornato, segmentis basalibus levitér trifoveo-

latis, totis ventralibus testaceo-marginatis.

Long. 3 lin.

This insect, which is about equal in length to, but rather

narrower than, Q. atlenuatus, Gyll., agrees very nearly in some

respects with Erichson’s description of Q. virgulatus: like that

species it has the elytra fringed at the apex with fulvous pubes-

cence (indeed the pubescence of the elytra is for the most part

fulvous), and the abdomen is adorned with lines of ash-colored

pile; but in our English insect the lines are not three in number,

nor are they uninterrupted, as would appear to be the case in

Q. virgulatus.

When viewed with the head of the insect towards the light, the

pale markings present themselves in the form of two lines on the

dorsal surface, which are interrupted on the hinder part of each

segment; and, again, near the lateral margin, the pale pubescence

forms a somewhat V-shaped marking, composed of two lines,

which, commencing at the base of the segment, converge and

meet at an.acute angle posteriorly, and terminate scarcely beyond

the middle of the segment. If the insect be reversed in posi-

tion as regards the light, the appearance is very different, and this

arises from the unequal surface of the segments, there being on

each segment two shallow oblong fovee (distinct on the basal

segments, and obliterated on the 6th segment) : now each seg-

of the Genus Quedius. 439

ment presents two widely separated pale spots at the base,* the

depressions on the segments are more evident, and we perceive,

besides the two larger shallow fovee, a slight oblong mesial de-

pression on each of the basal segments.

The greater part of the abdomen is clearly clothed with dusky

pubescence, but rather less dark than in Q. altenuatus. The

punctuation of the insect is rather finer and more dense than in

that species; the middle coxe, and hinder femora and tibia, are

very little darker than the anterior legs, being but indistinctly

tinted with fuscous, The abdominal segments beneath are rather

broadly, and the last segment very broadly, margined with tes-

taceous. The head and thorax commonly have an indistinct

eneous hue, and the terminal joint of the palpi is more or less

piceous.

These are the leading characters of the Q. nitipennis of Stephens’

collection and description. ‘The type specimen is a female; in

the male of the same species, the anterior tarsi are distinctly

dilated, and the sixth abdominal segment presents a triangular

emargination, the apex of the triangle being slightly obtuse: the

immediate region of the emargination is smooth and glossy, and

faintly impressed in the mesial line.

Var. 1. Cowxis intermediis, femoribus, tibiisque posterioribus piceis.

The specimens in my collection in which the intermediate coxee

and the hind legs (with the exception of the knees and tarsi) are

dark, sometimes pitchy black, average a larger size than those in

which the same parts present only a faint trace of the darker

colour, but this will probably not prove a constant distinction.

The larger specimens are 3? lines in length.

Var. 2. Elytris rufis, bast eneo-tinclis.

When engaged in determining our British species of Quedius, I

found in my collection several specimens of the present species,

and two bad examples of an insect very like it, but in which I

* Since the above was written I have noticed that under the microscope, in

certain lights, the pubescence forming the so-called pale spots appears to be

distinctly pale, that of other parts being grey-black ; but upon altering the position

of the insect with regard to the light, the pubescence appears to be uniformly

black, and when, as 1 have above said, the spots change their position on the

insect being viewed from different directions, it may be questioned whether the

pale spots are due to a difference in the colour of the pubescence. They are

formed, perhaps, by a stronger light striking upon certain patches of hairs, which

are situated on the sides of the shallow fovee; if this be the case, however, the

deceptio® is most complete.

440 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse upon certain British Species

could not trace the pale markings on the abdomen; this, however,

I thought might arise from the condition of the specimens, and

accordingly united the whole as one species under the name

attenuatus, although only those with the immaculate abdomen

strictly agreed with Erichson’s description. 1 was further helped

to this conclusion by the circumstance that no other insect in

Erichson’s work could be identified, as it then appeared to me,

with our apparently common insect. Since that time, however,

I nave found the species now under consideration plentifully, and

during the past year I have taken a specimen of what I now

regard as a distinct species, and as the true Q, attenuatus of

Erichson. When in perfectly good condition the latter has no

trace of pale markings on the abdomen, neither are there any

distinct foveze.

I have thus been led to re-examine both descriptions and spe-

cimens of the Quedii allied to attenuatus, and find some important

corrections to make.

It now appears to me :—

First. That the Staphylinus semi-obscurus of Marsham is not the

insect described under the same specific name by Erichson and

Kraatz, but is the Q. rufipes of those authors.

I learn that the Q. rufipes and Q. monticola very closely resemble

each other, and, indeed, Dr. Kraatz informs us that the latter has

commonly been mistaken for the former, but that Q. rufipes may

be distinguished by its very thickly punctured scutellum. I have

before me specimens of Q. monticola sent by Dr. Kraatz to the

British Museum, and these I find are extremely like Marsham’s

insect, but differ in having the scutellum less thickly and less

finely punctured, and in having a distinct smooth margin. In

Marsham’s insect the scutellum is as thickly and finely punctured,

and as thickly clothed with pubescence, as the elytra, and there is

no distinct smooth margin. Furthermore, Marsham’s insect differs

in being more attenuated anteriorly, the thorax being more con-

tracted in front, and the head narrower, and of a somewhat ovate

form; the punctuation is rather finer, and the joints of the

antennz are shorter, the intermediate joints being quadrate (or some

of them even slightly broader than long), whilst in Q. monticola

they are all longer than broad. These points of distinction are

also indicated in the descriptions of Erichson and Kraatz. Our

specimens vary from 33 to 43 lines in length.

The Q. semi-obscurus of Kirby’s collection agrees with the

original Marshamiam type.

Q. semt-obscurus is not an uncommon insect with us, but I have

of the Genus Quedius. — 441

not hitherto met With the Q. monticola. Q. rufipes is said to be

peculiar to the South of Europe, and this militates slightly against

the above conclusions.

Secondly. The Raphirus semi-eneus (Kirby), Steph. Illust.,

belongs to the var. 1 above described.

The Q. semi-obscurus of Erichson and Kraatz probably belongs

to the same; and, certainly, two French specimens sent as

*€ Q. semi-obscurus” by Dr. Kraatz are identical with this same

var. 1.

Thirdly. The Raphirus rufipennis of Kirby and Stephens is

identical with the var. 2 above noticed.

Fourthly. The Raphirus attenuatus both of Kirby and Stephens’

collections is the same as the Q. boops of Erichson and Kraatz.

The more common condition of the insect which I have described,

is that which presents itself in the R. semi-eneus of Stephens, and

I think it would be well to adopt his specific name for the insect.

442 Major F, J. Sidney Parry's Remarks upon

XXXIV. A few Remarks upon Mr. James Thomson's Cata-

logue of Lucanide, published in the ‘“ Annales de la

Société Entomologique de France, 1862.” By Masor

F, J. Sipney Parry, F.L.S.

[Read 1st December, 1862.]

Havine recently submitted for publication, in the Entomological

Society’s Proceedings, descriptions of several new species of exotic

Lucanide, and having subsequently received, through the kind-

ness of Mr. Snellen Van Vollenhofen, of the Leyden Museum,

that gentleman’s interesting Paper upon several new and rare

species published in the Tijdskrift v. Entomologie and illustrated

by some excellent figures, I find therein described two, if not

three, of my species alluded to above, viz., Odontolabis Lacor-

dairet 6,and O. Brookeana 6 ; but with regard to the third species,

Dorcus Tragulus, V. Vollenhofen, loc. cit. pl. 7, figs. 4, 5, 6, 1 am

not so positive. This species may possibly, however, prove iden-

tical with Cladognathus productus, Parry, described from a single

specimen in the rich collection of Mr. Wallace, and discovered by

that gentleman in Ternate.

The names of the two first species have been courteously re-

tained as (Parry, MSS.), Mr. v. Vollenhofen having probably

been informed by Prof. Westwood that I had thus named them.

A duplicate publication of them in our own Transactions, accom-

panied by figures, may not, perhaps, prove uninteresting to many

of the members.

I have also just received the ‘ Annales de la Société Entomo-

logique de France,” 2ieme Trimestre, 1862, in which appears the

publication, by Mr. Thomson (the well-known American En-

tomologist), of a Catalogue of the Lucanid@ belonging to his col-

lection, accompanied by descriptions of several new species. Upon

this Catalogue I beg to offer a few remarks.

At the commencement of his preface, Mr. Thomson quotes the

several Entomologists who have published upon this family; but

why the name of Mr. Wilson Saunders, whose descriptions of many

new and interesting species are so familiar to Entomologists, has

been excluded, I am ata loss to understand ; the non-mention of my

own name I pass by in silence. Mr. v. Vollenhofen, although a

Mr, James Thomson's Catalogue of Lucanide. 4483

perfect stranger to me, kindly alludes in his late publication to

my proposed general catalogue of the Lucanid@, and maintains,

besides, with an acknowledgment, my manuscript names to two of

his recently described new species. Mr. Thomson, on the con-

trary, possessing the same information, even to a greater extent,

neither alludes to the one nor acknowledges the other, but appro-

priates my species, as well as the names, for several of his new

descriptions, having obtained the same from the collection of

Count Mniszech, who ticketed his specimens upon my authority

from manuscript descriptions (intended for early publication)

which I had the pleasure of showing him during his recent visit

to our metropolis.

Of these several new species, I had prepared descriptions for the

Society’s Transactions, some of which have already been antici-

pated by the appearance of Mr. Thomson’s work. One, however,

only described in the Catalogue is to be found in my recent Paper,

viz., Odontolabis Stevensii ; a duplicate publication of this species,

with a figure, will also appear in the Transactions of the Society.

I have not made the foregoing remarks for the purpose of ex-

pressing the slightest anxiety with reference to any priority of

publication, it certainly being very unimportant to science in

general, so long as new and interesting species are described,

whether A. or B. describes them; but it is important to those

connected with science that there should exist a rigid system of

mutual courteous consideration, with an entire absence of petty

scientific jealousy.

I will now proceed to make some brief remarks with reference

to the actual catalogue and the newly created genera, as also to

allude to some slight inadvertencies in respect to the nomenclature

of certain species.

Against the general arrangement I have nothing to object ; it is

evidently taken from that used in Count Mniszech’s magnificent

collection; it corresponds also with my own, and is based princi-

pally upon Professor Lacordaire’s system (vid. Genera des Colé-

optéres); but the want of references as to description and syno-

nymy of the various species renders it almost useless. It must

be considered as the mere catalogue of a tolerably large collection,

and not a general scientific arrangement of all the species that

have hitherto been described, with their synonymy and reterence

to descriptions. To carry out such a catalogue much patience,

opportunity, and possession of material is essentially required,

and even then probably numerous errors wil! occur.

444 Major F. J. Sidney Parry’s Remarks upon

Mr. Thomson mentions 190 species in his collection, a very

large number, when compared even with the late Mr. Hope’s,

whose catalogue contained 166 ‘species, but from which a con-

siderable reduction is to be made. It may, however, surprise

some Entomologists to hear that of late years so numerous have

been the additions of new species to our collections, that I am in a

position to assert my actual knowledge of 322 species, nearly all

having been described, and of which my own collection possesses

276 species, the largest collection of Lucanoid Coleoptera, I be-

lieve, ever brought together; that of Count Mniszech is also of a

very vast extent, containing 255 species.

With such a large amount of material, it is quite evident that

to prepare a satisfactory catalogue of the Lucanide much patience

and consideration is required ; such a work, to obtain a successful

result, ought not to be hastily executed, and of this I am the

more convinced after analyzing the publication at present before

me. _

I now propose to take seriatim the various genera and species

to which I am desirous of referring.

1. Chiasognathus Mniszechii, Thomson, n. sp. Chili g.

This fine pubescent species may possibly prove to be identical

with Chiasog. Jousselinti $, Reiche, Chili,—a unique specimen in the

collection of Mons. Jousselin, at Versailles (vid. Ann. Soc. Ent.

France, tom. 8, p. 267).

2. Chiasognathus Reich, Thomson, n. sp. Chili é.

This insect may probably be the ¢ of C. Latreille: ¢, published

in Gay, Hist. de Chili, Zool. v. p. 42. I may here remark that

Mr. Thomson, in describing the publication of this genus by Mr.

Stephens, as appearing in the Philosophical Trans. of Canterbury,

instead of those of Cambridge, has probably copied this error from

Dr. Burmeister (vid. Handbuch der Entomologie, p. 337). Solier,

in Gay’s Hist. de Chili, has also committed the same inadvertence.

8. Sphenognathus Murrayi 6, Thomson, n. sp. Venezuela.

rugosum, Parry, MSS.

Mr. Andrew Murray, so intimately acquainted with the several

species of this sub-genus, had kindly undertaken the description

of this new species for our Transactions. I had long since pointed

Mr, James Thomson’s Catalogue of Lucanide. 445

out to my friend Count Mniszech its difference from Sph. Linden,

Murray.

4. Streptocerus spectosus, Fairmaire ; Thomson, Cat. p. 393.

Syn. Dejeani, Solier, Gay’s Hist. Chili.

It was Mons. Solier, not Mons. Blanchard, who gave the name

of Dejeanii, loc. cit., to the insect previously described by Mons.

Fairmaire. As no reference to the descriptions of this species is

made, I now give it.

S. speciosus, Dej. Cat.; Fairmaire, Ann. Soc. Ent. 1850, p. 53,

pl.l,fig.a 8,69.

S. Dejeanii, Solier, Gay, Hist. Chili, tom. v. p. 44 (1851).

S. speciosus, Westw. Trans. Ent. Soc. i. N.S. pl. x1. fig. 1.

In the work alluded to Mons. Solier quotes Mons. Fairmaire’s

description under the name of S. Dejeani. This I need scarcely

point out to be an error.

5. Lepidodes, Westw.; Thomson, Cat. p. 392.

Cacostomus, Newman (1840).

_ L. rotundicollis, Westw. (1841).

C. squamosus, Newman (1840).

Had Mr. Thomson consulted the published descriptions of the

above genera, he would not have substituted Prof. Westwood’s

name for that of Mr. Newman. Mr. Newman published Cacosto-

mus sqyuamosus 3 as a new genus in the Mag, Nat. Hist. vol. 4(1840).

Prof. Westwood’s descriptions, ¢ 2, appeared in the Ann. Nat.

Hist. 1841. Consequently Mr. Newman’s genus has an undoubted

priority. In vol. ii. N. S., of our Entomological Transactions,

1855, under the name of Cacostomus squamosus, Newman, Prof.

Westwood has again given a further interesting account of this

genus.

6. Lamprima amplicollis, Thomson, n. sp.

Count Mniszech informs me that he considers this species as

only a var. of L. Latreillei, M‘Leay.

7. Lamprima fulgida, Boisduval; Thomson, Cat. p. 393.

With the above-named insect has been united Z. varians, Ger-

mar, a very distinct species.

446 Major F. J. Sidney Parry’s Remarks upon

8. Cantharolethrus, n. g., Thomson, Cat. p. 413.

C. Reichii @.

A curious and interesting genus, the type of which, according

to Mr. Thomson, is Pholidotus Reichit 2, Hope, Colombia (vid. Ent.

Trans. Lond. vol. 4, pl. 13), a very rare species,—unique, I be-

lieve, in Coll. Thomson (olim Laferté),

9. Cantharolethrus Georgius, Thomson, Cat. p. 412 6.

This second species, $, of which only a single specimen is

known, belongs to the rich collection of Count Mniszech, and was

described under the name of Dorcus Luzerzi, Buquet, Ann. de la

Soc. Ent. 1843. Why Mr. Thomson has ignored Monsieur Bu-

quet’s description, and why he should have preferred founding his

new genus upon a § instead of a g, I am at a loss to under-

stand. It is very possible that they may prove hereafter to be one

and the same species. Mr. Thomson has placed this new genus

with the true Lucanide; 1 think, however, that it has a closer

affinity to the Chiasognathide, to which it was originally referred

by the Rev. F. Hope.

10. Luc. Lunifer, Thomson, Cat. p. 393.

Syn. villosus, Hope.

The synonymy of villosus, attached to this species, is an error.

L, villosus, Hope (Zool. Miscel. 1831, Nepaul) is a very rare, but

distinct species.

11. LZ. Smithii, White (inedit. ?); Thomson, Cat. p. 394.

This new species was originally named by myself, after the pre-

sent excellent President of our Society, with a description prepared

for publication; Mr. Thomson has shown more courtesy to Mr.

Adam White than he has to myself, for although a new species, and

apparently in his collection, he has most mercifully not published

it, but has condescended even to acknowledge the MS. name,

although in error as to the author of it. A description of this

species will probably appear in the next publication of the So-

ciety’s Proceedings. (See Proceedings for December, 1862.)

12. Hexarthrius Parryj, Hope; Thomson, Cat. p. 394.

Syn. 2 Serricollis, Hope.

Luc. Serricollis 2 was described by the late Rev. F. W. Hope,

vid. Cat. p. 11. The type of this insect [ have examined ; it is not

the 2 of H. Parryi, but that of Hexarthrius Forstert $, also from

Assam.

Mr. James Thomson’s Catalogue of Lucanide. 447

13. Odontolubis Cuvera, Hope; Thomson, Cat. p. 395.

Syn. L. Delessertii, Guérin.

L. Delessertit Q is very different from the 9 of O. Cuvera ; it was

originally described by Mons. Guérin (Delessert, Souvenir de

Voyage de I’Inde, p. 48, pl. 12, fig. 3), and forms one of no less

than six distinct species, which Dr. Burmeister has conglomerated

with O. Bicolor, Oliv. (vid. Handbuch, p. 360). Through the kind-

ness of my friend Count Mniszech, the following information has

been obtained: Mons. Delessert, it appears, collected three speci-

mens § in the Mysore country (they very probably may prove to ~

be the females of Anoplocnemis Burmeistert, Hope, a unique

species ¢ existing in the Hopeian Collection at Oxford, and also

received from the same district): one of the specimens alluded to

is in my own collection, the other two are in the possession

of Count Mniszech. Mons. Delessert it appears, previous to

embarking for Europe, made the purchase of a collection of

Coleoptera, in which were several males of O. Cuvera. Mons.

Guérin, not being acquainted with the true female of O. Cuvera,

very naturally united them together, under the name of JZ.

Delesserti, vid. loc. cit.; a corrected synonyma of this species will

appear in my proposed general Catalogue of the Lucanide.

14, L. Lacordairei and L. Ludetringi, Thomson, Cat. p. 413.

These two rare and very distinct new species, recently described

both by Mons. v. Vollenhofen and myself, are in my own collection,

- and I am consequently able to affirm that they are good species,

notwithstanding Mr. Thomson’s opinion that they are varieties of

L. Cuvera, Hope. They belong to the genus Odoniolabis.

15. Neolucanus, n. g., Thomson, Cat. p. 415.

O. Baladeva, Hope (type), not Baladevus.

Mr. Hope very happily divided his sub-genus Odontolabis into

two sections; to the Ist, as one of its principal characters, he

assigns the following : ‘* Caput pone oculos in ¢ tuberculo utrinque

armatum ;” and for the 2nd, he adds, ‘‘ Caput pone oculos in ¢

inerme.” Mr. Thomson, for the latter, proposes the name of

Neolucanus. In the manuscript of my catalogue, I have sug-

gested the name of Anodontolabis, a word better suited, I think,

to show the connection with Odontolabis.

16. Cladognathus mandibularis, n. sp., Thomson, Cat. p. 417.

. Japan.

From the description of this species, I have but little doubt that

it is identical with L. inclinatus, Motschulsky, also from Japan (vid.

448 Major F. J. Sidney Parry’s Remarks upon

Etudes Ent. 1857, p. 59, pl. 1. fig. xi): several specimens were

lately sent over by Mr. Fortune, in a collection from Japan, for-

warded to S. Stevens, Esq.

17. Clad. dorsalis, Brichsont Thomson, Cat. p. 396.

Syn. Lateralis, Hope.

Two very distinct species, both from the Philippines.

18. Proposcoilus crenaltus, Thomson, Cat. p. 419, n. sp. India.

A doubtful species, Mr. Thomson very properly pointing out

in his description its close affinity to P. bulbosus of Hope.

19. Proposcoilus Thibeticus, Westw. ; Thomson, Cat. p.396. Thibet.

Prof. Westwood described this species (vid. Trans. Ent. Soc. iii.

N.S. p. 199) from a specimen in my own collection. Upon closer

investigation, both Prof. Westwood and myself are of opinion that

it is the var. minor of Cladognathus Buddha, Hope, (vid. Trans.

Linn. Soc. vol. xix. p. 107,) from Northern India: the type spe-

cimen of which is also in my own collection, having fully developed

mandibles.

20. Megaloprepes, n. g., Thomson, Cat. p. 420.

Cyclophthalmus, Hope, Westw., Burm., Lacordaire.

I do not see why the unfortunate genus Cyclophthalmus, a name

so peculiarly appropriate to the several species it represents, so

familiar to most Coleopterists, and employed by such well known

Entomologists as Messrs. Hope, Westwood, Burmeister and

Lacordaire, should be made to give way to the magnificent Megalo-

prepes of Mr. Thomson, because forsooth this gentleman has dis-

covered that some antiquated spider had been previously (perhaps

in the last century) christened with the same name: against such

doctrine I must protest, as being fraught with great inconvenience ;

for although, as a rule, such a double employment of a generic

name is, if possible, to be avoided, yet when not occurring ab-

solutely in the same order, I do not see any inconvenience

likely to arise therefrom; on the contrary, as in the present

case, the remedy may be considered worse than the evil.

For the second section of Cyclophthalmus, of the which. C.

platycephalus, Westw., is the type, Mr. Thomson proposes the

name of Cyclorasis, and for the first section of the genus

Dorcus, consisting of D. Nepalensis, Hope, M‘Leayu, Hope,

Mr, James Thomson’s Catalogue of Lucanide. 449

and others, the name of Hemisodorcus has also been judiciously se-

lected.

If, however, the law as laid down and upheld by certain Ento-

mologists is to be stringently applied, Mr. Thomson’s Megalo-

prepes may also be changed, Mons. Rambur having long previously

applied the name of Megaloprepus to a genus of Libellulide, and

as I believe that the generic appellation of Cyclommatus is vacant,

I beg to propose it; its signification being in accordance with that

of Cyclophthalmus.

21. Platyprosopus, Hope; Thomson, Cat. p. 421.

I am astonished that this name has been permitted to pass un-

noticed, it being a fine opportunity for the author’s adding another

jewel to his generical crown, as I find that it has already heen

employed twice in the order of Coleoptera, once by Latreille for a

genus of the T’etramera, and again by Mannerheim in the Sta-

phylinde.

22. Dorcus diabolicus, n. sp., Thomson, Cat. p. 423. Japan.

This species has already been described and figured, under the

name of D. Niponensis, v. Vollenhoven, Tijdschrift v. Entomologie,

1860-61, p. 13, pl. vil. fig. 3; it has been received rather abundantly

from Japan in the collection recently sent over by Mr. Fortune to

S. Stevens, Esq.

23. Eurytrachelus cribriceps, Chevrolat ; Thomson, Cat. p. 308.

Phillippines, Manilla.

Syn. Dehaanu, Hope.

Manifold have been the vicissitudes respecting the nomencla-

ture of this species, Mons. Chevrolat’s name having undoubted

priority ; his description was published in the Revue Zoologique,

p: 224, 1841; as he therein states, “ mandibulis brevibus, intus

unidentatis,” I conclude it to have been made from the @, pos-

sibly however from a small undeveloped ¢. In 1845, the late

Rev. F. W. Hope described the same insect under the name of

Lucanus Moloschus (vid. Cat. p. 21), and finally Dr. Burmeister in

his Handbuch der Entomologie, 1847, p. 389, designates it as

Dorcus Oryx, from Manilla.

Mr. Thomson is in error respecting the synonym L. Dehaani,

Hope. This latter species is the var. minor g of Dorcus Anteus,

Hope, originally published in Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. 12, p. 364,

and re-described in his Catalogue, p. 20; from Assam,

VOL. I, THIRD SERIES, PART V.—FEB. 1863, H H

450 Major F. J. Sidney Parry’s Remarks upon

24, Scortizus cribratus 9, . sp., Thomson, Cat. p. 429. Brazil.

From the description, I am inclined to believe it is the 9 (hi-

therto undescribed) of Sclerostomus Neotragus g, Westw. Ent.

Trans. N.S. vol. 3, p. 207, pl. 11, fig. 3.

25. Scortizus cornutus, Solier ; ‘Vhomson, Cat. p. 309. Chili.

Syn. cucullatus, Blanchard.

M. Blanchard published both g ¢ of this species, under the

name of cucullatus, in D’Orbigny’s Voyage Zool. pl. 12, fig. 10,

1845. The description of cornulus @ only was given by Solier,

in Gay, Hist. Chili, 1851, p. 46, pl. 15, fig. 4; consequently M.

Blanchard’s name has undoubted priority.

26. Scortizus cuniculus (Dej.) g, Thomson, Cat. p. 429, n. sp.

Brazil.

Mr. Westwood has described the @ of this species under the

name of Sclerostomus costatus, Burm., Ent. Trans. vol. 3, 2nd

Series, p. 209, pl. 11, fig. 5.

27. Figulus Australicus, n. sp., Thomson, Cat. p. 432. New

Holland.

Probably, as suggested by Mr. Thomson, a var. of ig. regu-

laris, Westw. Ent. Mag. vol. 5, p. 263.

28. Fog. clivinoides, n. sp., Thomson, Cat. p. 422. New Holland.

The description of this species answers to that of Fig. Lillipu-

tanus, Westw. Ent. Trans. N. S. vol. 3, p. 219, pl. 12, fig. 5.

29. Fig. sublevis, Palissot de Beauv.; Thomson, Cat. p.402. Africa.

This species was published and figured in the Ins. Afr. et Amer.

p: 3, pl. 1, fig. 4, to which no allusion is made by Mr. Thomson.

I have been informed by M. Chevrolat, in whose collection I be-

lieve the original type, from the kingdom of Oware, existed, that

it is a good species, and quite different from Fig. Ebenus, Westw.,

syn. Fig. nigrita, id. anthracinus (Klug), although Mr. Thomson

has united it with them. Mr. Westwood is of the same opinion.

Vid. Ent. Mag. vol. 5, p. 262.

30. Sclerostomus cicatrosus, Burm. ; Thomson, Cat. p. 400.

New Zealand.

Syn. reticulatus, Westw.

The nomenclature of this species ought to stand thus :—

Dorcus reticulatus, Westw. 1845, Ent. Trans. vol. 4, p. 275,

pl. 20, fig. 4.

Mr. James Thomson’s Catalogue of Lucanide. 451

Lissotes (n. g.) reticulatus, Westw. 1855, Ent. Trans. vol. 3,

Ness pals.

Dorcus squamidorsis, White, 1846, Voy. Erebus and Terror,

ATO We By ls Bp tks B.

igus cicatrosus, Burm., Handbuch, 1847.

Dorcus Zealandicus, Fairmaire, 1849, Revue Zoologique, p. 414.

31. Sclerostomus rubripes, Guérin ; Thomson, Cat. p. 400. Chili.

The nomenclature of this species ought to stand thus, the name

of femoralis, Guérin, having the priority :

Dorcus femoralis, Guérin, Revue Zool. 1839, p. 303.

Darnini, Hope, 1841, Ent. Trans. vol. 3.

rubripes, Hope, Cat. 1845.

Sclerostomus rubripes, Burm., Handbuch, 1847, p. 424.

Dorcus femoralis, Gay, Hist. Chili, Zool. 1851.

Sclerostomus femoralis, Westw., Ent. Trans., N.S. vol. 3, p. 209,

pl. 12, fig. 9a, 9b.

Dorcus rufifemoralis, Curtis, Capt. King, Voy. Magellan; Trans.

Linn. Soe. vol. 19, p. 456.

Mr. Thomson appears to have fallen into the same error with

reference to the synonymy of this species as Dr. Burmeister has

done. M. Guérin described the species under the name of fe-

moralis, and not rubripes.

32. Sclerostomus Lessonii, Buquet; Thomson, Cat. p. 400.

Syn. rubrovittatus, Blanchard, Voy. D’Orbigny, pl. 12, fig. 9.

The synonymy to be rectified ; D. rubrovittatus is quite distinct:

both species are in my own collection.

33. Sclerostomus leiocephalus, Solier ; Thomson, Cat. p. 400.

Assuming that the insect given by Mr. Thomson under this

name is the species so designated by Solier, and described in Gay,

Hist. Chili, p. 53, of which the type, labelled in Solier’s own hand-

writing, is in my own cabinet, I am of opinion that it is nothing

more than a small ¢ of S. rubripes, Guérin, in which the sides of

the prothorax are not uniform; and am inclined to think that the

species in question has been founded on peculiarities arising from

mere malformation. I may also state, that Solier’s fig. 5, pl. 15,

called D. letocephalus, is in fact not this species, but D. mandi-

bularis $, Solier, op. cit. p. 56.

34. Ceratognathus (Nigidius, M‘Leay) cornutus, Thomson, Cat.

p- 403.

Syn. niger, Westwood.

Mr. Thomson has evidently confused Nigidius cornutus of

H H 2

452 Major F. J. Sidney Parry on Lucanide.

M‘Leay with Ceratognathus niger of Westwood ; it must be an

oversight, as the two species in question do not even belong to

the same genus.

1. Nigidius cornutus, M‘Leay, N. Holl. Hor. Ent. i. 108,

pl. 1, fig. 6 (partes oris).

Westw. Ent. Mag. vol. 5, 1838, p. 264.

2. Ceratognathus niger, Westw. Ent. Mag, vol. 5, 1838,

p- 264, and fig. N. Holl.

——-— furcatus, Castelnau, Hist. des Ins. vol. 2

p. 174.

The former species is of great rarity ; a specimen is in the

British Museum.

35. Ceratognathus Helotoides 9 , n. sp., Thomson, Cat. p. 434.

New Zealand.

Descriptions of several new species were recently read by my

friend Professor Westwood to the Society. One of these species

(habitat N. Zealand) is from my own collection, and probably

may prove identical with C. Helotoides of Mr. Thomson (vid.

ante, pp. 480, 487), who says, in his diagnosis of the species,

é ignolus—he then, notwithstanding, proceeds to describe the ¢,

and at the end of this description again says, ¢ ignotus. In fact,

it may be truly said to be a case of ignotus altogether.

I append Mr. Thomson’s description as authority for my

statement.

Ceratognathus Helotoides, Thomson, N. Zeal. ¢.

Long. 13 mill.; lat. 5 mill,

¢. Elongatus, convexus, niger, vix nitidus, pilis squamuli-

formibus pallidis hic et passim ornatus, punctatus. Elytra

obsoleté, longitudinaliter pluri-costata, costis numero indis-

tinctis. d 2gnotus.

9. Niger, vix nitidus, pilis squamuliformibus pallidis hic et

passim ornatus.

é. Elongatus, convexus. Caput inaequale, punctatum, subtrian-

gulariter depressum. Prothorax elongatus, subquadratus,

anticé paulo angustior, ut apud G. Helotam; elevationi-

bus intricatis plurimis impunctatis instructus: punctatus.

Scutellum granulosum. Elytra prothorace latiora, illo quasi

3-longiora, punctata, obsoleté longitudinaliterque costata,

costis numero indistinctis, apice rotundata. Corpus subtus

pedesque valde punctata.

& ignotus.

(14531 >)

XXXV. A few Observations upon Lucanus Lama, Oliv., and

its Synonymy. By Masor F. J. Sipney Parry, F.LS.

’ [Read 5th January, 1863.]

Amone the numerous errors committed by Dr. Burmeister in his

descriptions of Lucanoid Coleoptera (vid. Handbuch der Entomo-

logie, vol. 5), with reference to synonymy of species, none is to

be found more conspicuous than that in his notice of Lucanus

Lama, Oliv. (pp. 353, 527), no less than five distinct insects

having been united by him to the species in question.

Mr. Victor Motschulsky, in describing some new Coleoptera from

Japan (vid. Etudes Entomologiques, 1860, 1861), mentions a new

species of true Zucanus under the name of L. maculifemoratus,

suggesting its affinity to Z. lunfer and L. Cantori, Hope (Lama,

Burm.), Mr. S. Van Vollenhoven, of the Leyden Mus., in his

interesting paper upon some new Lucanide, published in the

Tijdschrift v, Entomologie, 1860, 1861, gives the description of a

species from Java, L. sericans, Dehaan MSS., suggesting its affi-

nity to L. lunifer, Hope (Lama, Burm.), or to another species in

the Leyden Mus. from Japan, which he thinks is Z. villosus,

Hope (Lama, Burm.) So much confusion is thus constantly

arising in consequence of Dr. Burmeister’s mistake, that I feel it

would be most desirable to rectify the error by appending to my

remarks a tabular statement of the several species alluded to,

now so abundant in our collections as to warrant its exactitude.

L. villosus, Hope (which species Mr. Thomson, in his recently

published Catalogue, has also confounded with L. lunifer, Hope ;

vid. ante, p. 446), is, however, an exception, being still very rare.

The typical specimen (Nepaul) from General Hardwicke’s collec-

tion, 3, is in the Brit. Mus. : my own collection possesses also one,

but in none other, either English or foreign, have I met with it.

It is difficult to affix, with any positive certainty, the exact

species L. Lama, Oliv., is to be referred to. The absence of

spines from the four posterior tibiae, as well as the form of head,

vid. pl. 3, fig. 8 (and more especially when compared with Olivier’s

fig. of L. Cervus @, pl. 1, fig. 1 f), is quite sufficient, I think, to

substantiate that Lama is not the @ of a true Lucanus,—but, on

the contrary, to warrant the belief that it belongs to the sub-

genus Odontolabis, Hope ; and although some Entomologists have

454 Major F. J. Sidney Parry on Lucanus Lama.

imagined it to be the ¢ either of O. carinatus, Linn., or of O. belli-

cosus, Laporte, I am inclined to think, with the late Rev. Ff. Hope

(vid. his Cat. p. 17), that it represents O. Baladeva, Hope, a not

very uncommon species from India, but whether the ¢ or @ is

problematical; the figure indicating by the very narrow fore tibiz

the ¢, whereas the short mandibles would lead to the suppo-

sition that a @ was intended. I may here mention, that O. Bala-

deva is the type of a section of Odontolabis, of which one of

the principal characters is the following, ‘‘Caput pone oculos in

maribus inerme.”

It is very remarkable that Dr. Burmeister should have united

sO many distinct species with Olivier’s insect, insomuch as he

remarks to the following effect (vid. Handbuch, p. 354), “I can

answer for the exactitude of the synonymy, having seen the ori-

ginal types of the several species in the collection of the British

Museum ;” he cannot, I think, here allude to Olivier’s type, as it

certainly is not in that collection.

L. Lama, Burm. Handbuch der Ent. Ind. Or.

Syn. ¢ lunifer, Hope ......- jee rae

Syn. ¢ villosus, Hope ........ Sess souls

SVM Canton, Ope wieretejeteeisjcihetals id.

Syn. dg Mearesui, Hope..........6- id.

Syn. 9 nigripes, Hope .........-.-- id.

@ Lama, Oliv.

. 1. LZ. Lama, Oliv. = Odontolabis Baladeva, Hope, ?

Sp. 2. L. $ lunifer, Hope, Royle’s Flora Himal., and Cat.

¢ rugifrons.*

Sp. 3. L. 6 villosus, Hope, Zool. Misc. p. 22; Cat. p. 9.

Sp. 4. Z. 6 Cantori, Hope, Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. 12, p. 363,

and Cat.

Sp. 5. LZ. g Mearesii, Hope, Ann. Nat. Hist. vol. 12, p. 364,

and Cat.

@ nigripes, Hope, Cat. p. 10.

* The insect Mr. Hope describes as rugifrons (vide Cat. p. 24) is not the

rugifrons he refers to as the Q of lunifer. The former inhabits Java, and is the

@ of Dorcus Bucephalus, Burm.

Dorcus ( Platyprosopus) ¢ Bucephalus, Burm.

Briareus, Hope, Cat.

Q rugifrons, Hope, Cat. p. 24.

XXXVI. On the Species of Catascopus found by Mr.

Wallace in the Malay Peninsular and East Indian

Islands. By W.W.Saunpers, Esq., F.RS., F.L.S.,

V.-P. Ent. Soc., &c.

[Read 3rd November, 1862].

Baron Cuauporr, in the “ Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift”

for 1861, page 116, gives a sketch of the genus Catascopus, Hope,

enumerating the species known at the time, and describing some

new species, the results of Mr. Wallace’s researches in the East

Indies. This genus being a favourite of mine, I carefully examined

the species belonging to it received from Mr. Wallace, and it

appeared to me that I had several which were undescribed in the

memoir alluded to. I placed the whole series aside for further

examination, and with a view of describing those species which

might prove new, when Dr.Schaum (who has recently visited this

country) kindly gave me his valuable assistance, and pointed out

to me the species described by Baron Chaudoir ; and it was then

apparent, that there were four well-marked forms new to science,

two of them remarkable for size and the brilliancy of their metallic

colouring. Descriptions of these will be found hereafter. Including

the four new species, there appear to be twelve detected by Mr.

Wallace. ‘The whole will be found in the following tabular state-

- ment, which will clearly point out the distribution of the species :—

Names of Continent of

Sach. Tea East Indian Islands.

Schaumii, W. W.S. .-|occsseoeeeo-|Sarawack.

facialis, Wied.......-+\India ...... Ternate; Batchian; Amboina.

angulatus, Chaud. .-..|Malacea ..../Sarawack; Ternate; Java.

Aruensis, W.W.S. --.. 0000000000 oollANIte

orygonus, Chaud. ..../Malacca ...

brachypterus, Chaud. ..|Singapore....|Sarawack.

elegans, Chaud. ..++.-|--.2.-+0-+e+-|Celebes; Amboina; Ceram ; Batchian.

Var..e ee ee- es [SINGAPOTCe+ «- |Sarawack.

amenus, Chaud. 2..+-|++e20¢+20-+-|Dorey; Aru.

aculeatus, Chaud. ...-|..2+ee0ee+ee+-|Celebes.

levigatus, W.W.S. ..|.-.0e200. -»-|/Batchian ; Aru.

var. W. W.S.|.....+--+¢0e/1ernate.

cupripennis, Thom. ....|Singapore....|Sarawack.

splendidus, W.W.S. -cleessseeceees Sarawack.

Of these twelve, ten are new to science, and we see from the table

456 Mr. W. W. Saunders on

that five of the species are common to the continent of India and

the East Indian Islands; viz., facialis, angulatus, brachypterus,

elegans and cupripennis: six are peculiar to the islands—viz.,

Schaumii, Aruensis, amoenus, aculeatus, levigatus and splendidus ;

and one species, oxygonus, is from the Continent alone.

Of the species from the Islands, three seem to be very gene-

rally spread—viz., faczalis, angulatus and elegans ; the others are

restricted to one or two localities. It is worthy of remark, that

the species found on the Continent have all, except one, been

detected at Sarawack.

Looking now to the whole of the species of Catascopus, they

amount, in Baron Chaudoir’s sketch, to thirty-one. Add to this

four, the number of new species described in this paper, and we

get thirty-five as the present extent of the genus.

These are distributed as follows :—

Mame¢landiotelindiaweee seit te oie eS

astiindianalislandsmesmenrs estes cos coors

Wiest eAtrical: 2 eisacke Ah IS, A, Ge ee RO

Kast Africa’. 2%. he EE ROLES RIS URN SOLEIL HBS nee Sale RNS

Miropreal -Aimenicalmcy tnietehe oie fey kote iarete ets Ae

AIS traliageerenee oe Bey VEShiy AS c hA REC Se Sees cee tal

Undetermined ieee ee eee oe ee Te ae ee

From this distribution it is evident that the head-quarters of the

genus is the East, and that in India and the East Indian Islands

more than half of the species are to be found. It is remarkable,

that while the East Indian Islands abound in different species, only

one has been detected in Australia, although the Australian con-

tinent so closely approximates to the Islands in the vicinity of

Timor and New Guinea, and that this state of things is reversed

as regards the continent of India, which very closely approaches

the Islands at Singapore, for eight species are found on the con-

tinent, five of which, as before observed, are common to the

Islands. The genus Catascopus appears to be peculiar to the

tropics or the warmer parts of the globe, and there is every reason

to suppose that the number of species will be considerably aug-

mented when the researches of naturalists have more fully made

known the entomological riches of tropical India. I make this

observation, for new species of Catascopus are frequently turning

up; and in a collection I have lately received from Siam, made

by the late M. Mouhot, there are two species which I believe to

the Species of Catascopus. 457

be new, although I cannot finally determine this point until 1 am

certain of the characters of the species described by Schmidt

Gobel in his Birman Fauna.

1. Catascopus Schaumu, W. W.S. (Pl. XVII. fig. 3.)

Above, shining, brilliant, metallic blue-green, the elytra crossed

a little below the centre with a broad, ill-defined, dark-purple

band ; underside of body dark purplish-green. _

Head broad, slightly contracted towards the thorax, with two

deep, longitudinal foveze between the eyes; the upper surface

rounded and minutely punctured. Antenne rather short, robust,

dark bronzy-purple, as well as the parts of the mouth.

Thorax rather broader than long, wider than the head, much

contracted posteriorly, the lateral margins narrowly margined and

rounded, the anterior margin very slightly emarginate, the pos-

terior margin slightly sinuate, and the hinder angles sharply

pointed, with the upper surface very finely striate transversely,

and having a deep transverse depression a little behind the anterior

margin, and a central longitudinal furrow, commencing at the

transverse depression and reaching nearly to the hinder margin.

Elytra broader than the thorax, half as long again as broad;

the shoulders prominent and slightly rounded, the lateral margins

nearly straight and parallel, rounded posteriorly, with a deep

emargination at the apex of each elytron, the commencement of

the emargination having a sharp, broad tooth, and there being two

small teeth at the termination; the surface of each elytron with

eight deep strize more or less punctate, and the interstices nearly

smooth.

Legs robust and rather long. Tarsi ferruginous-brown.

Length 58, inch.

Hab. Sarawack. Wallace.

This is the largest species of Catascopus with which I am ac-

quainted, and at the same time the most brilliant and rich in its

colours. ‘The size, and the broad purple band across the elytra,

easily distinguish it as a species. In position it seems to ap-

proach to C. Withallu of Hope, which is found on the continent of

India. I have named it after Dr. Schaum, so well known for his

extensive and accurate knowledge of Entomology, and especially

for his acquaintance with the family of insects to which Catascopus

belongs. I am much indebted to him for aiding me in determining

the species described in this paper.

VOL. I. THIRD SERIES, PART V1.—MAY, 1863. II

458 Mr. W. W. Saunders on

2. Catascopus Aruensis, W. W.S. (PI. XVII. fig. 5.)

Dark blueish shining green, with the head and thorax of a

bronzy hue.

Head somewhat elongate, restricted behind, with the upper

surface very smooth and rounded, and having two elongate,

roughish depressions between the eyes. Antenne robust, bronzy-

purple, as well as the parts of the mouth.

Thorax nearly quadrate, with the angles prominent, the sides

narrowly margined and somewhat contracted posteriorly; the

anterior margin slightly emarginate, the posterior quite straight ;

the upper surface very finely striate transversely, with a longi-

tudinal central furrow running into a’ curved depression, which

passes nearly parallel with the anterior margin.

Elytra somewhat broader than the thorax, about once and a

half as long as broad, the shoulders prominent, the sides nearly

parallel, the apices rounded and strongly emarginate, with a sharp,

broad tooth at the commencement of the emargination, and another

at the apex of each elytron. The upper surface regularly and

rather deeply striate.

Legs moderate. Tarsi pitchy-brown.

Length 58, inch.

Aru. Wallace.

The nearly quadrate shape of the thorax is a good distinguishing

character of this species.

3. Catascopus levigatus, W. W.S. (Pl. XVIII. fig. 2.)

Uniform shining dark metallic green.

Head transverse, rounded above, with two longitudinal, rough

depressions between the eyes, curving outwards and extending

half the length of the head; upper surface behind the depressions

very smooth, with a few long hairs about the eyes. Antenne short,

pitchy-brown, as well as the palpi. Labrum and mandibles bronzy-

purple.

Thorax transverse, much broader than long, the sides narrowly

margined, rounded and contracted behind, fringed on the anterior

half with long hairs; the anterior margin very slightly emarginate,

the posterior margin quite straight ; the upper surface with slight

transverse striae, and a central, longitudinal furrow, and with two

depressions, one on either side near the lateral margins, and a slight

one in front near the anterior margin,

Elytra broader than the thorax, about once and a quarter as

Jong as broad, with the shoulders prominent, the sides somewhat

curved outwards, and the apices rounded and strongly emarginate,

the Species of Catascopus. 459

with a sharp tooth on either side of the emargination; the upper

surface very minutely punctate, and having eight regular, shallow, »

punctate strize.

Legs moderate, with the tarsi dark pitchy-brown.

Length 5% inch.

Hab. Batchian, Ternate and Aru. Wallace.

This is a broad, glossy species, of no great size, with a broad

thorax. A specimen from Ternate appears to have the foregoing

characters, except that the lateral margins of the thorax are less

rounded. It can scarcely be considered as a species.

4, Catascopus splendidus, W. W.S. (PI. XVII. fig. 1.)

Above, bright, shining, copper-coloured ; the head, thorax and

the suture of the elytra with greenish reflections. Underside of

body and the legs dark, shining green.

Head slightly contracted behind, with the upper part rounded

and uneven with minute undulations, with two rather deep,

rounded depressions between the eyes. The antenne and parts

of the mouth nearly black.

Thorax rather broader than the head and somewhat longer

than broad, much contracted posteriorly, with the sides narrowly

margined and rounded ; the anterior angles prominent and pointed,

the posterior angles well pronounced; the anterior margin slightly

emarginate, the hinder margin nearly straight; the upper surface

much rounded, very smooth, with a deep, longitudinal, central

furrow, and an elongate, curved depression a little behind the

anterior margin.

Elytra broader than the thorax, with the sides parailel, once

and a half as long as broad; the shoulders prominent and rounded,

with the apices rounded and strongly emarginate, with a broad,

sharply-pointed tooth at the commencement of each emargination,

and another tooth, rather longer and narrower than the first, at

the apex of each elytron; the upper surface very smooth and

somewhat undulating, with eight irregular longitudinal striae, those

near the sides slightly punctate.

Legs long, rather slender; tarsi black.

Length 5%, inch.

Hab. Sarawack. Wallace.

A fine brilliant species, resembling in colour and form the C.

cupripennis of Thom., but differing in the much larger size, in the

shape of the thorax, which is much broader, and in the character

of the upper surface of the elytra, which is more undulating and

reflecting the copper tints much more brilliantly.

P02

460 Mr. W. W. Saunders on

Supplementary Paper.

[Read Sth January, 1863. ]

At the last November meeting of the Entomological Society, I

read a paper on. the species of the genus Catascopus discovered

by Mr. Wallace chiefly in the East Indian Islands, describing four

new species. Since the paper was read, Mr. Wallace has kindly

lent me the whole of the specimens of this genus, forming a

portion of his rich private collection, from which I have gained

much information regarding the species already described by my-

self and others; and a careful examination of the series has shown

me seven additional undescribed species, as well as some varia-

tions in the characters of the determined species which deserve to

be noted. In the following pages descriptions of these new

species will be found, and also some remarks on the characters of

other species just alluded to. As these additional species con-

siderably alter the tables of geographical distribution given in my

first paper, I have thought it desirable to give fresh tables, which

will be found hereafter. I am indebted to Mr. Wallace for the

following interesting remarks on the habits of some of the species

of Catascopus which he met with while prosecuting his valuable

natural history researches in the East.

“The species of the genus Catascopus are semi-nocturnal in

their habits, never flying except at night. The species taken at

Dorey (viz., Wallacez, W. W.S.; elongatus, W. W.S.; Aruensis,

W. W. S; ameenus, Chaud.) flew against me at dusk. The

greater part of the species and individuals I have taken have,

however, been captured under the decaying bark of fallen trees.

““ As soon as the bark of a tree splits and cracks so as to

separate it from the wood, the Catascopi frequent it, but I could

scarcely ever capture them in that position, owing to their great

activity and the force required to tear off the bark. After a tree

has lain about a year the bark becomes rotten and can be easily

broken off, and then, by the assistance of a net, the insects which

lurk beneath it can be more easily captured. The larger species

found in Malacca, Borneo and Singapore used frequently to be

seen coursing along the surface of some immense fallen trees,

from’ one crack to another, their brilliant bodies glittering

splendidly in the sunlight.

the Species of Catascopus. 461

‘“To capture them was by no means easy, as they would get

under the trunk where it touched the ground, if closely pursued

and no friendly crevice was at hand. Many an hour have I

pleasantly spent in hunting them in the dense swampy forests of

Borneo. In Malacca and Singapore the spice of fear and danger

would be added to the interest of the sport, owing to the probable

Vicinity of tigers, who might at any moment be watching us as

eagerly and with as deadly a purpose as we were watching the

poor Catascopi.

“‘ However closely pursued I have never seen one of these insects

fly in the day time, neither do they come out at all into the light,

except to visit some part of the trunk they reside in, to which the

subcortical passages do not extend. The beautiful purple-banded

species from Borneo, C. Schaumii, W. W.S., was brought to me

by some Dyaks engaged in felling trees in the swampy forests

near Sarawack. The species and individuals of this genus are

much more abundant in Malacca and Borneo than in the equally

luxuriant forests of the Molucas and New Guinea.”

Table showing the geographical distribution of the species of

Catascopus detected by Mr. Wallace.

Continent of

India. East Indian Islands.

Species.

Schaumii, W. W.S. oo |eoeeccsoe cre ee Sarawack.

Wallacei, W. W.S. .. |-++2++20+-++-|Wagiou; Dorey ; Mysol.

facialis, Wied. ...... |India, Malacca Ternate; Batchian; Amboina; Ceram.

angulatus, Chaud. ...- Malacca .... Sarawack ; Ternate ; Java; Macassar.

Aruensis, W. W.S. oe |22sceeeeeooes (Aru 5 Dorey.

orygonus, Chaud. .... {Malacca ....|Sarawack.

versicolor, W. W.S. o. | ccossseceees Sumatra.

brachypterus, Chaud... Singapore ee e- (Sarawack.

Celebes ; Amboina; Ceram ; Bat-

chian ; Macassar. ;

elegans, Chaud. ecoeove |se0e2 ceece cece

punctipennis, W. W.S. |Singapore eo..

Dorey ; Aru; Tonda; Batchian ;

Amboina ; Ceram.

AeMlanns, (OMEWCE Goo0 llacoovcecdan .- |Celebes ; Macassar.

rugicollis, W. W.S. oo |eoc-ceve oo-oe |Macassar.

levipennis, W.W.S. .- |.e++eeeee-.0e (fonda.

levigatus, W. W.S. 0» |e.e-seceeeee- (Batchian; Aru; Ternate.

elongatus, W. W. S. oo |+o++00» oeo-- |Doreys

cupripennis, Thom..... |Singapore ....

\eneus, Ww. W. Ss. eco0ee |oe@8ee 22 e 0108 Sarawack.

splendidus, W. W. S.ce0 |ecce +00 cover Narawack.

amenus, Chaud.....ce |eserecccceces

Making nineteen species in all discovered by Mr. Wallace,

showing an addition of one species to the continent of India and

462 Mr. W. W. Saunders on

six to the East Indian Islands, in excess of those mentioned in my

former paper.

Taking the new species into account, the whole number of

Catascopi now recorded will amount to forty-two, and they are

thus distributed :—

Main land of India ee aA Ets 9

East Indian Islands Ss a sr ko

West Africa .. a ate oe, HG

East Africa .. i a Si?

Tropical America ai as STRING

Australia Py, Ae ss HIE 1

Undetermined .. ake a» shee 2

1. Catascopus Wallace, W. W.S. (Pl. XVII. fig. 4.)

Colour rich dark purple, with the head black, and the thorax

of a brilliant shining copper colour. The parts of the mouth and

the antenne are pitchy-red.

The head is elongate broad, somewhat constricted behind the

eyes, which are very prominent, and have between them two deep,

elongate, somewhat rough depressions, It is very shining and

smooth on the upper surface. The antenne are rather short and

stout.

The thorax is rather broader than the head, transverse, sub-quad-

rate, with the lateral margins curving inwards towards the base,

and having the posterior angles very acute, the anterior angles

prominent and slightly rounded, and having also the anterior

margin somewhat emarginate and the posterior margin nearly

straight. The upper surface is highly polished, marked with very

slight transverse strize, and having a deep central longitudinal de-

pression, terminating a little before the anterior margin, where it

spreads slightly on either side.

The elytra are considerably broader than the thorax, with the

sides nearly parallel, rounded posteriorly, and the shoulders

prominent and rounded. The apex of each elytron is deeply

emarginate, with a sharp spine at the commencement and another

shorter one at the termination of the emargination on the suture of

the elytra. The surface of the elytra is smooth and somewhat

shining, each elytron having eight decided, rather shallow, slightly

punctate striz; the 3rd and 4th from the lateral margins being

much closer set than the others. Underside of the body smooth

and shining.

the Species of Catascopus. 463

The legs are rather long, with the joints of the tarsi pitchy-

brown.

Length ', inch.

Hab. Wagiou, Dorey and Mysol. In Mr. Wallace’s collection

_ and my own.

This is one of the most beautiful species of the genus, and may

at once be distinguished by the brilliant thorax, rich purple elytra,

and the length of the spines at the apex of the elytra. I have

named it after Mr. Wallace, to whom Entomologists are so much

indebted for the discovery of so many new insects, including

several of the most beautiful and extraordinary known.

2. Catascopus versicolor, W. W.S. (Pl. XVIII. fig. 1.)

Colour rich shining metallic green, with the parts of the mouth,

antennee and tarsi purplish-black, and the elytra suffused with

rich copper colour from the apex to nearly % of their length.

The head is elongate, somewhat contracted behind, the upper

side with two deep rough depressions between the eyes, behind

‘which the surface is very smooth. Antenne rather thin, about

the length of the head and thorax combined. The eyes are

prominent.

The thorax is rather broader than the head, cordato-quadrate,

with the anterior and posterior margins straight, the angles promi-

nent, and the sides narrowly margined. Above it is quite smooth,

with a deep central depression running nearly the whole length,

which is deeper and broader anteriorly.

The elytra are considerably broader than the thorax, with the

sides nearly parallel and rounded posteriorly, and having the

shoulders prominent and somewhat rounded. The apices of the

elytra are deeply emarginate and each drawn into a short pointed

tooth, and there is also a sharp shortish tooth at the commence-

ment of each emargination. The upper surface of each elytron is

marked with eight deep, longitudinal, punctate strize; the 3rd and

4th from the suture the widest apart; the 4th and 5th close to

each other, and so also the 6th and 7th, which are nearly as

elosely set. The underside of the body is purplish-black.

The legs are moderate in length.

Length 5 inch.

Sumatra. In Mr. Wallace’s collection.

A species of moderate size, coming near to C. arygonus of

Chaudoir, but differing in the emargination and spines at the apex

of the elytra and the deeply punctate striz of the same.

464 Mr. W. W. Saunders on

3. Catascopus rugicollis, W. W.S. (Pl. XVIII. fig. 6.)

Colour dark bronzy-green, with the thorax slightly suffused

with copper colour, and having the parts of the mouth, antenne,

legs and underside of the body shining purplish-black.

The head is elongate, somewhat constricted behind, with the

upper surface shining, minutely rugoso-punctate, and with two

rough, shallow depressions in front, nearly in a line with the base

of the antenne, from which proceed narrow, line-like depressions,

running close to and nearly encircling the eyes. Antenne stout,

and rather short. Eyes prominent.

The thorax is transverse quadrato-cordiform, with the anterior

and posterior margins straight; the angles prominent, the sides nar-

rowly margined, and curving inwards towards the base. The upper

surface is deeply and transversely striate, with a well-marked

central longitudinal depression running from the base to near the

anterior margin, where it branches right and left, and passes on

to the anterior margin, enclosing a smooth, broadly triangular area.

The elytra are considerably wider than the thorax, once and a

half as long as broad, with the sides nearly parallel and slightly

emarginate a little behind the shoulders, which are somewhat pro-

minent and rounded. Each elytron is produced into an acute,

somewhat diverging spine, the apex being rounded and slightly

emarginate before the spine is reached. The upper surface of

the elytra is smooth and shining; each elytron with nine, nearly

equally spaced, longitudinal, slightly punctate, shallow striz.

The underside of the body is smooth and shining.

Legs moderate in length.

Length -4, inch.

From Macassar. In Mr. Wallace’s collection.

This species is near C, aculeatus, Chaud., but may at once be

distinguished by the shape and sculpture of the thorax.

4. Catascopus punctipennis, W. W. 8. (Pl. XVIII. fig. 4.)

The colour is rich, shining, brassy-green, with the parts of the

mouth, antenne, underside of the body and tarsi purplish-black.

The head is elongate, constricted behind the eyes, with the

upper surface longitudinally, but irregularly, striate, and much

more deeply so in front, where it is very rugose. The eyes are

rather small and prominent.

The thorax is rather longer than broad, quadrato-cordate, about

as broad as the head, with the anterior angles rounded, the hinder

angles prominent, the sides narrowly margined, the anterior margin

straight, and the posterior slightly rounded. The upper surface

the Species of Catascopus. 465

is very rounded and polished, and slightly transversely striate,

with a deep, central, longitudinal depression, rather wider towards

the anterior margin.

The elytra are much broader than the thorax, about once and

a half as long as broad, the sides nearly parallel, but slightly

emarginate a little behind the prominent shoulders; they are

rounded posteriorly and emarginate towards the apex of each

elytron, each emargination having a very short, broad tooth at its

commencement. The upper surface of each elytron has nine

deeply and coarsely punctate striae, nearly equally spaced, the

fourth from the suture being widened and deeper, about one-third

its length from the base.

Legs moderate in length, stout.

Length ;, inch.

From Singapore. In the collection of Mr. Wallace, and in my

own.

This is a rather small species, with narrow thorax and broad

elytra. It comes close to C. elegans, Chaud., from which it may

be distinguished without difficulty by the shape of the thorax,

which in C. elegans is much more quadrate, by the prominent

angles of the thorax, and also by the sculpture of the elytra, which

is much more decided as regards the punctured striae.

5. Catascopus levipennis, W.W.S. (PI. XVIII. fig. 3.)

The colour of the head and thorax is brilliant metallic shining

green; the elytra bronzy shining green; the parts of the mouth,

antennz, underside of the body and legs, purplish-black.

The head is elongate, rather constricted behind the eyes, having

the space between the eyes rugosely punctate, with the longitudinal

depressions running through the punctate space and dividing it

into three nearly equal bands, the depressions passing behind the

eyes, where they run into a series of irregular furrows, formed by

raised irregular lines. Eyes somewhat prominent. Antenne

robust, rather short.

The thorax is rather broader than the head, cordato-quadrate,

much narrowed behind and rounded at the anterior angles, having

the hinder angles prominent and somewhat pointed; the anterior

and posterior margins straight, and the sides narrowly margined.

The upper surface is clavated and rounded in the centre, very

smooth and shining, with a narrow central longitudinal depression,

The elytra are much broader than the thorax, about once and a

half as long as broad, with the sides nearly parallel, and slightly

emarginate behind the rounded shoulders, having the apices

466 Mr. W. W. Saunders on

rounding gradually to a point, on which is situated a short, sharp,

somewhat diverging tooth, and before which there is a distinct

emargination, with a very short angular tooth at its commence-

ment. The upper surface of the elytra is smooth and shining,

each elytron having nine nearly equally spaced, longitudinal,

punctate striz; the first three striz from the suture being faintly

impressed, the others more decided. ‘The underside of the body

is smooth and somewhat shining.

Legs moderate.

Length 4, inch.

From Tonda. In Mr. Wallace’s collection.

This is another species nearly allied to C. aculeatus, Chaud.,

from which it may be distinguished by the narrow thorax, more

restricted posteriorly, by the nature of the emargination at the

apices of the elytra, and by the smaller size of the insect. The

tibize and tarsi of this species are sometimes rather ferruginous in

colour.

6. Catascopus elongatus, W.W.S. (Pl. XVIII. fig. 5.)

The colour of the head is metallic shining green; thorax bright

copper-colour; elytra steel-blue. The parts of the mouth, an-

tennze and legs are dark pitchy-red.

The head is elongate, a little restricted behind the eyes, having

on the upper side, in front, two narrow longitudinal depressions

close to the eyes, and passing forward to the base of the man-

dibles ; the hinder portion of the upperside is rounded, and very

smooth and shining. The antenne are short, and not very stout.

The thorax is transverse, subquadrate, rather broader than the

head, with the sides margined and curving outwards, each with

two long hairs, one placed near the middle, and the other quite

in front; the angles of the thorax are prominent, the posterior

ones more decidedly so; the anterior and posterior margins are

straight; the upper surface is rounded, shining, very slightly

transversely striate on the disc, but more strongly so near the

sides, with a narrow central, longitudinal depression crossing it

entirely.

The elytra are rather broader than the thorax, nearly twice as

long as broad, with the sides straight and nearly parallel, and

having the apices rounded and emarginate, but without tooth-like

projections. The upper surface of the elytra is rounded, and re-

gularly punctate-striate ; the strize, nine in number, being very

equally spaced on each elytron.

Legs rather short.

the Species of Catascopus. 467

Length 32 inch.

From Dorey. In Mr. Wallace’s collection.

This is a remarkable species, elongate in form, with small head

and broad square thorax. It seems to run away from the normal

Catascopus, but has so many of the characters of the genus that I

prefer placing it as a Catascopus to increasing the number of

genera in this family of insects—genera which seem to run into

each other by such fine lines of demarcation that it is very difficult

to say where one commences or another ends. The general

imprint of similarity which nature throws over a certain group of

species seems often to point out genera better than any rigid cha-

racters or forced lines of partition. The species under considera-

tion stands alone, and is not likely to.be confounded with any

other that I am acquainted with.

7. Catascopus eneus, W.W.S. (PI. XVII. fig. 2.)

The colour of the head, elytra and thorax is a bright, shining,

bronzy green, the latter with the sides margined with copper

colour; the parts of the mouth, antenne, tibiz and tarsi purplish-

black, the former with the six apical joints inclining to rufous.

The head is elongate, slightly constricted behind the eyes, the

upperside very polished and shining, and having two longitudinal

depressions between the eyes, running into an undulating space

immediately in front. The eyes are small and prominent. The

antenne are rather long and stout.

The thorax is about as broad as the head, elongate quadrato-

cordiform, much contracted posteriorly, with the angles acute and

prominent; the sides are narrowly margined, the anterior margin

curves slightly inwards, the posterior margin is straight. The

upper surface is very smooth and shining, with a central, narrow,

longitudinal depression running from the base to near the anterior

margin, where it forks right and left towards the anterior angles.

The elytra are broader than the thorax, about once and three-

quarters as long as broad, with the sides nearly parallel, slightly

swelling out a little below the middle; the shoulders are promi-

nent and rounded. The apices of the elytra are rounded, and

rather deeply emarginate, with a broad pointed tooth at the com-

mencement of the emargination, and a small tooth at the apex of

each elytron. The upper surface of the elytra is smooth and

shining, each elytron having nine, nearly equally spaced, longitu-

dinal, shallow, finely punctate strize, which, near the shoulder and

on the sides, are slightly waved in outline. The underside of the

body is bronzy-green, smooth and shining.

468 Mr. W. W. Saunders on

Legs long and rather slender.

Length +, inch.

From Sarawack. In Mr. Wallace’s collection.

This species comes near to C. splendidus, described in my former

paper. At first I thought it was a variety of that species, but on

close examination there are characters which distinguish it, as

well as the difference of colour and its want of brilliancy. The

distinguishing characters are, the thorax broader and less nar-

rowed posteriorly, the elytra with the strize nearly equally spaced,

and the upper surface of the same not undulating. This species,

splendidus and cupripennis, form a well-marked section of the genus,

almost entitled to generic distinction.

Notes on some of the already described Species of

Catascopus.

1. Catascopus facialis, Wied.

Many specimens of this species were collected by Mr. Wallace,

and present variations in size as well as in the shape of the thorax,

some having this part of the body more contracted posteriorly

than the others, with the hinder angles a little more prominent.

A specimen from Batchian has a purplish tint in the shape of an

indefined band across the apical half of the elytra.

2. Catascopus amcenus, Chaud.

This species varies considerably in colour, in tints from bronzy

to bright coppery-green. ‘The legs, in a specimen from Dorey,

are bright rufous-brown.

3. Catascopus oxygonus, Chaud.

This species varies much in size, and the thorax is narrower in

some specimens than in others.

4. Catascopus brachypterus, Chaud.

A specimen from Malacca, collected by Mr. Wallace, is nearly

double the size of two specimens I have examined, one from Sin-

gapore, the other from Sarawack. It is also of an uniform bright

metallic-green. I cannot find, however, any characters to dis-

tinguish it as a species.

Fig. 1. Catascopus splendidus, 1 a thorax, 1 6 elytron, magnified.

Fig.

the Species of Catascopus.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.

Puate XVII.

@neus,

Schaumii,

Wallacei,

Aruensis,

ao 2 b a9

» 3b 4,

oo 4b a”

9? 5b 2D 5

Puare XVIII.

Catascopus versicolor,

levigatus,

lavipennis,

punctipennis, 4a

elongatus,

rugicollis,

», 3b

» 46

» ob

» 66

la thorax, 1 b elytron, magnified.

469

470 Mr. F. Smith on

XXXVII. Observations on Ants of Equatorial Africa.

By Freperick Situ, Esq., Pres. Entom. Soc.

[Read 5th January, 1863.]

In the * Explorations and Adventures in Equatorial.Africa,” by M.

du Chaillu, the seventeenth chapter is devoted to the ants of that

region; the author informs us that he is acquainted with ten

species, and then proceeds to give some account of the habits of

the more remarkable ones; particularizing the Bashikouay ant,

the Red ant, the Nchellelay, the Little ant, the Red-leaf ant, and

the Nest-building ant.

I have been fortunate enough to have an opportunity of ex-

amining some specimens of an ant, which I think I shall be able

to identify with the Bashikouay ant; and also to prove that it isa

species of the genus Anomma; not having any relationship with

the insect figured in M. du Chaillu’s book, which is not an ant at

all, but a large worker, or soldier, of some species of Termes.

The specimens of the Bashikouay ant which I have examined

were found in the skin of a large Gorilla, lately imported into this

country.

The following is a description of the ant :—

Destitute of eyes; of a semi-opake dull red; the head and

mandibles darker than the body; the head slight, widest in front

in small specimens; in the large workers or soldiers, it is oblong-

quadrate ; the sides being parallel, with a faint contraction’in the

middle; the mandibles curved, with an acute tooth in the middle

of their inner margin, their apex acute; the head very large,

more than twice the width of the thorax, and deeply emarginate

behind ; two teeth on the pectus, at the base of the middle coxe.

In the fourth volume of “The Proceedings of the Academy of

Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,” Dr. Savage has described one

of the travelling ants of Equatorial Africa, which he names

Anomma rubellum, and thus briefly describes :—‘ rubrum, subni-

tidum, antennis, coxis, geniculis tarsisque rubris, versus marginem

diaphanis.” The habitat is the west coast of the Gaboon river, near

the equator.

Dr. Savage then proceeds to give a very interesting account of

the habits of the Anomma; the following is a brief abstract of some

of its more remarkable features : —

They are exceedingly ferocious, have no permanent dwelling,

Ants of Equatorial Africa. 471

but wander about in search of prey ; should they in their progress

be exposed to the heat of the sun, they construct arches or covered

ways, of agglutinated sand or earth. They kill and carry off

their prey, tearing it into pieces. Their hold is very tenacious ;

they never leave go except when their head is torn from their

body. Ifasmall stream intercept their march, they compass it

by throwing across a bridge of their own bodies, over which the

whole column passes. The dread of them rests on every living

thing, they drive everything before them capable of motion; the

entrance of these ants into dwellings is instantly known by the

simultaneous movements of rats, mice, lizards, cockroaches, &c. :

even man bows to this numerous foe. By accumulation, its bite

is fatal to the largest animal. The native account of these ants

is, that they sometimes attack and destroy the great Python Na-

talensis.

Such is the history, or rather a part of it, as detailed by Dr.

Savage; we shall now proceed to extract the principal or more

remarkable portions of M. du Chaillu’s narrative, premising that

its close resemblance to the above is truly remarkable, not only in

the similarity of events, but particularly so for the exact unifor-

mity in which they succeed each other.

“ The Bashikouay ant is very abundant in the whole region of

Equatorial Africa, and is the most voracious creature I ever met

with. I do not think they build a nest of any kind, nor do they

carry away prey of any kind, but eat all on the spot; they march

through the forest in long regular lines about two inches broad,

very often several miles in length. All along this line are larger

ants, that act as officers and keep the army in regular order. If

they come to a place where there is no shelter from the sun, they

build under-ground tunnels from four to five feet under ground ;

through this the whole army passes. When hungry, they attack

and devour everything that falls in their way. The elephant

and gorilla fly before them; the black men run for their lives.

They seem to travel by night and by day; when they enter a house

they. clear it of all living things,—cockroaches, rats and mice spring

round the room in vain; an overwhelming force of ants kills a

strong rat, in less than a minute its bones are stript. When on

a march the insect world flies before them, and I have often

had the approach of the Bashikouay army heralded by these

means.

“Their manner of attack is an impetuous leap; instantly the

strong pincers are fastened, and they only let go when the piece

gives way. ‘Two very remarkable practices of theirs remain to be

472 Mr. F. Smith on

noticed ; when on their line of march a narrow stream requires to

be crossed, they throw themselves across and form a tunnel,—aliving

tunnel, —-connecting two trees or high bushes on opposite sides of the

stream; this is done with great speed and is effected by a great

number of ants, each of which clings with its fore-claws to its next

door neighbour’s body, or hind claws; thus they form a high,

safe tubular bridge, through which the whole vast regiment

marches in regular order.

‘“‘ They are at least half an inch long, and are armed with power-

ful fore-legs and sharp jaws. They are red or dark-brown in

colour. Their numbers are so great that one does not like to

enter into calculations ; but I have seen one continuous line pass-

ing at a good speed a particular place for twelve hours.”

That the Bashikouay ant is identical with the dnomma rubellum,

I have not any doubt whatever, and I am equally satisfied that

the ants which were found in the folds of the skin of the Gorilla

are identical with Dr. Savage’s insect.

I have previously remarked upon the singularity of the two

accounts by Dr. Savage and M. du Chaillu, corresponding in so

remarkable a degree in the order of succession in which the

various portions of the history of the economy of the ants is related.

We have now for a minute to point out in what they really differ:

First, then, we are told by Dr. Savage that they carry off their

prey; this is certainly the habit of every ant we have ever seen

or read of; M. du Chaillu says they do not carry away prey of

any kind, but eat all on the spot. In the next place Dr. Savage

says, “if they are in their progress exposed to the heat of the

sun, they construct arches, or covered ways;” M. du Chaillu

tells us, they “ build under-ground tunnels from four to five feet

under ground ;” certainly very remarkable and unnecessary, if a

covered way answers the purpose. Dr. Savage next informs us

that, “if a small stream is to be passed, the ants throw a bridge

of their own bodies across, over which the army passes.” In what

does M. du Chaillu differ in his account? He says, when a nar-

row stream is to be crossed, they throw themselves across and

form a tunnel,—a living tunnel,—a tubular bridge, through which

the whole vast regiment passes ; these regiments, he tells us, are

sometimes twelve hours in passing. I cannot imagine how the

tubular bridge is formed at all, and, if formed, how it is kept

intact without collapsing, particularly if the army were to be twelve

hours in passing through it.

After a careful comparison of M. du Chaillu’s account of the

Bashikouay ant with that by Dr. Savage of dnomma rubellum, I can-

Ants of Equatorial Africa. 473

not but entertain a strong suspicion that M. du Chaillu has availed

himself of Dr. Savage’s narrative; the incidents follow in the

same order of succession, and it appears to me, that so long as

the narrative is strictly adhered to, nothing causes us to doubt its

accuracy ; but when it is departed from, and we are told that ants,

in order to avoid the sun, excavate a tunnel four or five feet deep ;

and that these ants, contrary to the recorded habit of Anomma

rubellum and also of Anomma arcens, feed upon and devour their

prey on the spot; and that, in lieu of a suspended bridge of ants,

a tubular bridge is constructed, I begin to suspect the whole

account to be a plagiarism, distorted by exaggerated impos-

sibilities.

The Red or little House Ant is, no doubt, a species of Myrmica.

The Black Ant.—This lives in rotten trees, hunts singly, does

not attack unless disturbed; its bite (sting?) is very painful.

(Probably a species of Ponera.)

The Red-leaf Ant.—The habits of this ant are precisely those

of the green ant, so well known in the tropics; it glues a number

of leaves together on trees and bushes, and so forms its nest.

This is, I suspect, a species of @cophylla.

The common Black Sand Ant.—Next to the Bashikouay, the

most to be dreaded; it is solitary, and not numerous ; its bite

(sting) is not felt at the time, but is shortly succeeded by dis-

tressing pain, lasting many hours, as virulent as the sting of a

scorpion. (Probably a species of Ponera.)

Nest-building Ant.—Builds an ingenious hanging nest, sus-

pended from trees, two feet long by one in diameter, constructed

of leaves, the tiers of which overlap so as to carry off the rain;

the leaves do not touch each other, and thus keep up a fine ven-

tilation. (Probably a species of Gicophylla.)

Small underground Bashikouay.—Lives in houses, does not ap-

pear until food is smelt, when they appear in thousands. (A spe-

cies of Myrmica ?)

The large Red Ant.—The largest of the African ants; does not

attack man; is a night ant, never seen by day, avoids light; very

fond of cooked meat; it chooses its habitation in dark corners

and hidden closets, where light will not disturb it. (A Ponera?)

VOL. I. THIRD SERIES, PART VI.—MAY, 1863, K K

474 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Notes on

XXXVIII. Notes on Omalium riparium, Homalota levana,

H. dilaticornis and H. nigritula. By G. R. Warer-

HousSE, Esq., V.-P. Z.S., &e.

[Read 5th January, 1863.]

Omalium riparium, Thomson, Ofv. af Vet. Ac. Forh. 1856, 224, 3:

Skandinaviens Coleoptera, tom. ill. p. 212, 3.—1861.

In average size this insect is a trifle larger than O. rivulare : it

differs from that species in being almost invariably of an uniform

pitchy black colour (elytra rarely piceous), with the exception of

the legs and one or two basal joints of the antenne, which are

rufous. The punctuation of the upper parts is rather less dense

and less strong. The foveze on the head are less strongly im-

pressed, and rather more widely separated, so that the mesial

raised area is broader; the neck is dull, being distinctly aluta-

ceous, and has very few minute punctures, whilst the more glossy

neck of O. rivulare has numerous strong punctures ; the antenne,

without being stouter, are rather longer. The thorax is broader,

and both the lateral and dorsal foveee are larger. In O. rivulare

the lateral impressions extend forwards from the base to the

middle of the thorax, are glossy and strongly punctured, whilst

in QO. ripartum the corresponding impressions extend forwards

about two-thirds of the length of the thorax, are dull (being very

distinctly alutaceous), and present comparatively few small punc-

tures. Again, in O. rivulare there is a groove containing a row

of strong punctures running parallel with the posterior margin of

the thorax, and between this and the margin itself is a glossy

ridge—neither the groove nor the ridge exists in O. riparium.

Lastly, the elytra are longer, and have the external apical angle

more obliquely truncated. In most of the above points of dis-

tinction O. riparium presents characters which approximate it to

O. leviusculum, but this last-mentioned species is larger, very gene-

rally has the thorax and elytra more or less pitehy—and not un-

frequently these parts are rufo-piceous ; its punctuation is very

decidedly finer and more scant; the thorax is distinctly dilated

in front (which is not the case in O. riparium); the lateral

margins are sinuated behind so as to leave the posterior angles

Omalium riparium, §c. 475

slightly prominent; and the foveze on the upper surface are

smaller and less strongly marked. Lastly, the antennz are both

longer and stouter.

I may here state that the insect described by Dr. Kraatz under

the name Omalium fucicola agrees with the species which I regard

as the true O. leviusculum. O. fucicola, Kraatz (Stett. Ent. Zeit.

1857, p. 286), founded upon specimens taken upon the coast of

Iceland, was subsequently supposed by its describer (see Berlin,

Ent. Zeitschr. 1858, p. 378) to be identical with the O. levius-

culum of Gyllenhal (Ins. Suec. iv. p. 464), and is further stated

by him to be the same as O. monilicorne of Fairmaire. Thomson

gives the O. fucicola as identical with his O. riparium; and, in

the last edition of Schaum’s Catalogue, the two names are likewise

united as belonging to the same species. ‘Thomson’s descriptions,

however, show that (compared with the O. Jceviusculum) his

O. riparium is the smaller and darker-coloured insect; and has

the elytra more thickly and distinctly punctured: that O. levius-

culum is more subject to variation in colouring, and especially

presents varieties with the thorax more or less rufescent ; and,

lastly, we may infer that it has longer antenna, for in the descrip-

tion of O. riparium he says, “ antenne prothoracis basin vix attin-

gentes, articulo 4to haud transverso ;” whilst in the short descrip-

tion of O. leviusculum we find ‘‘ antennis articulis 4—6 oblongis”

given, as it would appear, as a character serving to distinguish

that species from O. riparium.

In the British Museum Collection is a considerable series of

specimens, from Iceland, sent by Dr. Kraatz as his O. fucicola,

and it is upon a careful examination of these specimens that I

have arrived at the conclusion above stated.

The O. leviusculum then has an enormous range of latitude,

being found in the south coast of England (Isle of Wight), and ex-

tending,to the extreme north of Norway, and north-westwards to

Iceland. The O. ripartum I have found pretty plentifully under

sea-weed near Southend, and likewise near Strood. Mr. Rye

informs me that he has received it from Mr. Bold as found near

Newcastle. ‘Thomson obtained the species from the southern-

most part of Sweden, and likewise from Lapland.

Homalota levana, Mulsant, Opusc. Entom. i. 39, 18, t. 1, f. 12;

Kraatz, Ins. Deutschl. p. 306, 116.

This is a somewhat slender insect with moderately long black

antennze, the three basal joints of which are elongated, the inter-

mediate joints all of them very nearly equal in width, and quadrate,

476 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Notes on

or nearly so. Head nearly round and convex; the eye but little

prominent, the surface very delicately and rather sparingly punc-

tured. Thorax distinctly narrower than the elytra, moderately

transverse, pretty thickly and distinctly punctured ; and, besides

the ordinary pubescence, with three or four setz on each side.

Elytra about one-fourth longer than the thorax ; finely and thickly

punctured. Abdomen slightly dilated in the middle, with the

basal joints pretty thickly and distinctly punctured; the 5th and

6th joints nearly smooth. The head and thorax are black, with an

indistinct zeneous tint; the elytra are brown, with the outer margin

dusky: the abdomen black. The legs fusco-testaceous, with the

femora rather darker than other parts; they are distinctly pu-

bescent, and the tibize are furnished with setz: one, at least, of

these longer hairs may be seen on the intermediate tibiae, and two

on the posterior tibiz. The species most nearly resembles H.

marcida, but is a trifle smaller: he thorax is rather shorter, has

the sides less rounded, and not contracted behind ; the elytra are

less ample, and rather more finely punctured. The antenne in

both sexes closely resemble those of the female of H. marcida,

excepting that the basal joints are dark instead of being pale.

The male of H. marcida* is remarkable for having the third joint

of the antennee somewhat inflated, and with a width fully equal to,

if not exceeding, that of any of the following joints; the two basal

joints are somewhat stouter than the corresponding joints of the

female, and so are the fourth and fifth joints. I can perceive

scarcely any sexual distinction in the penultimate abdominal seg-

ment of this species. In H. levana, a male specimen, from Dr.

Kraatz, has the upper plate of the penultimate segment truncate

at the apex, and with three very gentle emarginations (of which

the central one is the broadest) separated by very small obtuse

teeth.

I have seen but two English specimens of H. levana; they

were both found by Dr. Power--one specimen in Highgate Wood,

the other at the Holt Forest.

Homalota dilaticornis, Kraatz, Naturgesch. der Insecten Deutschl.

p. 293, 102.

The insect exhibited is a trifle smaller and relatively narrower

than the H. mgritula, and has the antennz shorter and stouter.

* In the males of some other species the 3rd joint of the antenne is somewhat

incrassated. In H. nigricornis (fungicola, Thoms.), for example, this distinc-

tion is evident. In H. marcida the sex with the more slender antenne is regaided

as the male by Dr. Kraatz.

Homalota diluticornis, §c. 477

I compare it with H. nigritula, because that is with us a common

insect, but its resemblance to H. subterranea is far greater; indeed I

at first sight mistook it for that insect, but upon comparison found

it might be readily distinguished by its remarkably stout antennae,

as well as by its male characters. The head is pitchy-black; the

thorax and elytra, as well as the apex of the abdomen, are fusco-

rufous, the external apical angle of the elytra, however, some-

what dusky ; the basal segments of the abdomen are more or less

piceous, or rufo-piceous ; the legs, parts of the mouth, and one or

two basal joints of the antenne, are testaceous; the remaining

jeints of the antennez are more or less dusky, but the terminal

joint is sometimes less dark. The two basal joints are but little

elongated ; the Ist joint is stout; the 2nd is rather less stout and

shorter; the 3rd smaller than the 2nd, obconic; the 4th scarcely

broader than the 3rd, but distinctly transverse ; the 5th (which is

nearly double the bulk of the 4th) to the 10th joints are all greatly

dilated, being at least twice as broad as long, but the greatest

width is attained by the 7th joint; the terminal joint is conical.

The head is nearly round, decidedly narrower that the thorax,

convex above, and very finely punctured. Thorax transverse,

the sides moderately rounded, the fore part slightly contracted,

the surface convex (without fovea or groove), moderately glossy,

very finely, but not very thickly punctured ; two small setz are

seen on the sides, one near the middle, and the second near the

anterior angle. Elytra about one-fourth longer and but little

broader than the thorax; like the thorax, they are well clothed

with palish pubescence, finely punctured, but the punctures are

but moderately dense. Abdomen with scattered punctures on

the basal segments, the 5th and 6th segments destitute of punc-

tures, or very nearly so. The upper plate of the penultimate

abdominal segment in the male presents a small notch on either

side, and the notch is bounded externally by a small acute tooth;

the middle portion of the plate is produced considerably beyond

the tooth, and is somewhat contracted in width posteriorly. On

the same transverse line as the lateral notches are seen two trans-

verse tubercles, which are pretty widely separated from each

other; and from each of these tubercles, a delicate raised line

extends outwards, and at the same time curves backwards, to join

the outer margin of the segment, and indeed forms the whole

outer boundary of the apical portion of the plate: this latter is

obtusely notched at the apex. The surface of the segment being

alutaceous, and consequently somewhat dull, the raised glossy

478 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Votes on

line, united as it is with the two tubercles, forms a figure which,

when the insect is placed so that the apex of the abdomen points

to the right, rudely represents the figure 3. In the male Homa-

lota subtcrranea, the corresponding segment presents a structure

analogous to that just described, but here the middle portion is

not produced beyond the lateral spines, and the two tubercles are

wanting.

In comparing the foregoing description with that given by Dr.

Kraatz of Homalota dilaticornis, certain points of disagreement will

be noticed. In the first place the general colouring of the insect

would appear to be somewhat darker than that indicated by Dr.

Kraatz by the term ‘‘rufo-testacea;” but the several specimens

taken by Dr. Power differ considerably in colouring, one being of

a pale testaceous tint, with the head, and a broad band on the

abdomen, black: I have taken a medium condition for my de-

scription. Secondly, no mention is made by Dr. Kraatz of any

tubercles on the upper surface of the penultimate abdominal seg-

ment of the male: it is possible however the segment was partly

hidden in his specimens. ‘Thirdly, the elytra are given by the

author mentioned as about half as long again as the thorax; this

would make those organs rather more ample than in the insect

described by me.

Several specimens of this species have been taken near Mickle-

ham by Dr. Power, at different times, in the vicinity of the

nests (or rather of the runs) of the great black ant (Formica

JSuliginosa).

Homalota nigritula.

We have in England two nearly allied species of Homalota

standing in my Catalogue as H. nigritula and H. liturata. The

former agrees very closely with the description of A, nigritula, as

given by Dr. Kraatz, with this exception—that the antennz are

dusky, and have only the two basal joints more or less testaceous,

whereas in the Latin diagnosis in the ‘“ Insecten Deutschlands,”

the antenne are described as ‘‘ luteo-testaceis ;” and, in the detail

description, as “mehr oder minder gelblich braun, an der Basis

heller.” This latter phrase indicates that in the colouring of the

antenne a certain amount of variation was found, yet it was with

some hesitation that I ventured to attach the name nigritula to

my insect, more especially as the older descriptions of Gravenhorst

and Gyllenhal agreed in attributing uniformly pale antenne to the

Aleoch. mgritula of their works.

Homalota nigritula, Se. 479

Now the Bolitochara liturata of Stephens (Homalota id. of my

Cat.) has the antenne entirely pale, and in other respects seems

to agree well with the descriptions given by the two authors last

mentioned. But this insect, in the male sex, presents some well-

marked characters in the penultimate abdominal segment, a part

which was overlooked by Gravenhorst and Gyllenhal. Kraatz,

however, describes the abdominal segment (in H. nigritula) in the

following terms :—‘‘ beim Mannchen ist der Hinterrand der oberen

Platte des vorletzten Hinterleibssegmentes mit zwei, etwas weiter

von einander als vom Seitenrande abstehenden, etwas vorsprin-

genden, erhabenen Héckerchen versehen und zwischen denselben

sehr leicht ausgebuchtet.” This description could not have been

taken from the male H. liturata, but belongs to the male of my

insect first noticed, and with the dark antennz: here I find the

abdominal plate furnished at the apex with two small prominences,

rounded and incrassated at the extremity, rather more widely

separated from each other than from the lateral margin, and with

a very gentle emargination between them: external to these again

on either side is a small notch, leaving the apical outer angle

prominent, but obtuse; so that the plate may be described as

having four small obtuse teeth at its extremity, these all termi-

nating in the same transverse line: from the outer tooth a short

ridge runs directly backwards on to the segment on either side.

English specimens named by Dr. Kraatz, in my own collection

and that of Mr. Wollaston, presented these peculiarities, including

the dark antennz. The insect is common with us, widely distri-

buted, and found in fungi. I knew no species presenting the male

characters just described, and which at the same time had the

antennee entirely pale (nor do I up to this moment, either by de-

scription or otherwise), and I adopted this, then, as the H. nigri-

tula. Four specimens subsequently sent by Dr. Kraatz to the

British Museum as his H. mgritula, | find all have the antennze

dusky—they in fact agree with the H. nigritula of my Catalogue.

In the last edition of Schaum’s Catalogue (1861), two species

are found under the name #7. nigritula, one being regarded as the

H. nigritula of Gravenhorst, with which are identified the H.

erythrocera and H. pubescens of Heer, as well as the H. boletobia

of Thomson. The other is regarded as the H. nigritula of Gyl-

Jenhal and Thomson. I know not upon what grounds these con-

clusions are arrived at. As regards the H. erythrocera and H.

pubescens of Heer, Dr. Kraatz states (after having examined

specimens of the two species forwarded to him by Heer), that

450 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Wotes on

they do not appear to him to differ from his H. nigritula. But

the former of these insects is described as having the antennee

entirely pale, whilst in H. pubescens the antennze are given as

“ nigre, basi testacee.” Again, in the H. boletobia, the antenne

are described by Thomson as “ nigro-fusce, basi testacee,’ whilst

the same author uses the term ‘‘flavis” to indicate the colour of

the antenne in his HZ, nigritula.

It seems then clear that Dr. Kraatz does not consider the insect

with the dark antennee as distinct from that in which the same

organs are entirely pale.

By Thomson both species are made to form part of a small

section partly characterized by a quadri-denticulate penultimate

abdominal segment in the males; and from his description of

H. nigritula we learn that that species has the middle pair of

teeth widely separated by a semicular emargination. This cannct

apply to the very gent!e curve seen between the corresponding

teeth in 1. nigritula of Kraatz, but very nearly corresponds with

the conditions presented by our /7Z. liturata. In this insect the

truncated end of the upper plate of the penultimate abdominal

- segment exhibits a deep, and very nearly horseshoe-shaped, mesial

emargination, and an obtusely bidentate lobe on either side; the

width of each lobe being very nearly equal to that of the central

notch.

Neither Gravenhorst, Gyllenhal nor Heer describe the male

characters of the insect which stands in their works under the

specific name ‘ nigritula,” nor does Heer furnish us with the male

peculiarities of his HW. erythrocera and H. pubescens ; hence I am

‘unable quite to satisfy myself with regard to the identification of

those species, but I think it probable that the synonymy should

stand thus :—

1. Homalota nigritula, Heer, Faun, Col. Helv. i. 331, 28 (1839).

—-. ———.,, Thoms. Ofv. af Vet. Ac. Forh. (1852), 141,

37.

——-—, Kraatz, Ins. Deutschl. p. 276, 84 (in parte)

(1858.)

Atheta nigritula, Thoms. Skand. Coleopt. iii. 80, 28 (1861).

Aleochara nigritula, Grav. Micr. 84, 25 (1802).

——— ———., Gyll. Ins. Suec. ii. 408, 29 (1810).

—_—_ ——_——_,, Steph. Illustr. Mand. v. 142, 102 (1832).

-— hturata, (Kirby) Steph. Ilustr. Mand. v. 142, 104.

Homalota) ——, Waterh. Catal. of Brit. Col. p- 18, No. 59,

erythrocera, Heer, Faun. Col. Helv. i. 329, 19.

Homalota, &c. 481

2. Homalota pubescens, Heer, Faun. Col. Helv. i. 329, 22.

boletobia, Thoms. Ofv. af Vet. Ac. Forh. (1856),

No, NB

Atheta ———, Thoms. Skand. Coleopt. ii. 78, 26.

Homalota mgritula, Fairm. et Laboulb. Faun. Ent. Fr. iii. 416,

75 (1854).

—____—_——_——., Kraatz, Ins. Deutsch]. p. 276, 84 (in

parte).

——_—_—__-—_,, Waterh. Catal. of Brit. Col. p. 18, No.

50.

XXXIX. On the Geographical Distribution of European

Rhopalocera. By W. F. Kirsy, Esq.

[Read Sth January, 1863.]

ImporTANT as a knowledge of the geographical distribution of

species in different parts of the world is, the subject has been

greatly neglected, at least among Entomologists generally, though

the Germans have paid some attention to it. It would require

a much greater knowledge of exotic species and Entomological

bibliography than I can pretend to, to give anything like an ade-

quate idea of the distribution of the whole of the Rhopalocera ;

however, I have recently been studying that of the European

species, and have accumulated sufficient data for a paper on the

subject. Atthesame time I do not intend to exclude all reference

to species not occurring in Europe, but the distribution of which

is worthy of notice.

In order to make myself perfectly intelligible, it will be as

well to state plainly what [ mean by the terms “species,”

“variety,” &c., throughout the present paper. A VARIETY is

simply an unusual departure from the normal form or colouring

of an inseet, caused by accidental circumstances acting on one or

two individuals of a race only, and not affecting the majority

of the species. A PERMANENT VARIETY is a variation affecting

a considerable number of individuals of a species, but not all,

482 Mr. W. F. Kirby on the

so that the variety occurs in company with the type. A sExvAL

variety only differs from a permanent variety in occurring only

in one sex. A SUB-SPECIES is a permanent variety linked to its

nearest ally by intermediate forms, but which entirely replaces

the type in the localities in which it occurs. A sub-species is not

a true species, but under favourable circumstances it will become

so in time, as the varieties intermediate between itself and the

parent or cognate species die out. Finally, a spEcrEs is a form

varying comparatively little in most cases, and generally distin-

guished from its nearest allies by constant differences in the

larva as well as the imago.

In my recently published ‘“‘ Manual of European Butterflies” now

on the table, I divided Europe into thirteen arbitrary divisions,

for the purpose of better illustrating the geographical distribution

of the species ; and before entering into their universal range, I

wish to generalise a little on the results I arrived at. My informa-

tion respecting Scandinavia, South Russia, Spain, France, Britain,

Austria and Switzerland is very complete; with respect to the

other seven divisions I must generalise with caution.

I. Icrtanp.—No more than six species of diurnal Lepidoptera

are known to me to occur in this country, viz., the polar sub-species*

of Colias Paleno and Phicomone, Colias Heclat, Argynnis Freyja,

and Chionobas Jutta and Gino. These are all northern species, and

are confined in Europe to Iceland and Lapland, with the excep-

tion of Colias Paleno and Phicomone, which are mountain insects

further to the south.

I]. Scanpinavia, comprising Norway, Sweden, Lapland and

Finland.—One_ hundred and twelve species out of the 321

European species occur in this province; nine of these appear to

be peculiar in Europe to this district; thus leaving 103 occurring in

other countries. All our British species occur in this district ex-

cept C. Edusa, C. Hyale, L. Sibylla, A. Iris, M. Galathea, H.

Tithonius, E. Epiphron, E. Medea, P. Corydon, P. Atgon, P.

Acton, and C. Paniscus. The three latter species are represented

in Scandinavia by their nearest allies, which do not appear to

occur with us, though two have been reputed British. Thus, P.

Aigon is replaced by P. Argus, P. Acteon by P. Lineola, and

C. Paniscus by C. Sylvius.

* T refer to Colias Pelidne and C. Nastes, which however may very possibly

be good species.

+ Having recently had an opportunity of examining some specimens in the

possession of Mr. Doubleday, which are undoubtedly the true C. Hecla of Le-

tebvre, I am now satisfied that the insect I described inmy “ Manual” with some

hesitation as that species is certainly distinct, and probably new.

Geographical Distribution of European Rhopalocera. 483

ILI. Russia to the North of Poland.—This district only con-

tains seventy species as far as I know, and the only peculiar

species is Argynnis Eugenia, which occurs in the Ural Mountains

and in Eastern Siberia.

IV. Potanp and South Russia.—This district is richer in

butterflies than almost any other part of Europe, as it boasts of

no less than 205 species, of which 27 are peculiar to it.

V. Turkey and Dalmatia.—It is probable that this is also one

of the richest countries of Europe, but I only know of 46 species

which certainly occur there, including 9 peculiar species.

VI. Grerce.—I can only enumerate 18 species as occurring in

Greece, though I think it likely that ten times that number may

be found there. Of these, 4 are peculiar species.

VII. Iraty.—One hundred and fourteen species occur in Italy.

Pamphila 4:tna is the only species which, as far as I know, does

not occur in any other part of Europe.

VIII. Corsica and Sardinia.—T hese islands contain 30 species.

Three of these are peculiar species, and several of the others are

sub-species, which are not yet sufficiently developed to be raised

to the rank of species, although some of their larvee differ from

those of the parent species.

IX. Sparn and Portugal.—The Peninsula, which has been well

worked by Rambur, appears to be surprisingly poor in butterflies,

as I am not aware of more than 115 species which occur there, in-

cluding 5 peculiar species. No less than 20 of our very limited

number of British butterflies are wholly wanting, at least in the

south of Spain. ‘These appear to be all Central Kuropean species.

They are A. Cardamines, M. Athalia, A. Selene, A. Euphrosyne,

A. Paphia, V. Io, V. Antiopa, A. Iris, M. Galathea, H. Hyperan-

thus, C. Davus, E. Epiphron, E. Medea, N. Lucina, T. Betule, T.

W.-album, T. Pruni, C. Hippothoe, P. Arion, and C. Paniscus.

X. France.—This country is very rich in Rhopalocera, contain-

ing in round numbers about 200 species. The only species which

I have not recorded as occurring in other parts of Europe are

Polyommatus Lefebvrei, and P. Hopfferi. However, as P. Hopfferi

occurs in Asia Minor, and Staudinger does not consider it Kuro-

pean, I think it very probable that Ménétries was in error when

he stated that the insect occurred in France.

XI. Brrrain. The most authentic British species do not num-

ber 70, every one of which occurs in France, and the only peculiar

form* is the sub-species Polyommatus Arlaxeraes.

* Chrysophanus Hippothoe, var. Dispar, is, I believe, occasionally found on

the Continent, and is also common in Egypt and Nubia; but I can give no

authority for these statements.

484 Mr. W. F. Kirby on the

XII. Nortu Cenrrat. — This division includes Denmark,

Germany, Holland, and Belgium.—One hundred and fourteen

species occur in this district, of which two, Melttea Britomartis

and Frebia Reichlini, do not to my knowledge occur elsewhere.

XIII. Austria and Switzerland.—This district is one of the

richest in Europe. One hundred and ninety-five species occur

within its boundaries, three of which are peculiar to it. These

are Melitea Asteria, Erebia Arete, and Pyrgus Cacalie.

In addition to the species referred to in the above summaries,

Staudinger enumerates as European Pyrameis? Ionia, Chionobas

Crambis and Erebia Eriphyle. For these I can find no recorded

European localities, but P.? Jonia occurs in Asia Minor, and pro-

bably also in Greece, Turkey, or South Russia. It is chiefly re-

markable as being an insect whose position is doubtful ; Herrich-

Schaffer calls it Apatura Ammonia; and though Staudinger in-

cludes the whole of the Vanessides in his genus Vanessa, he doubts

whether Jonia, which he places at the end, after Cardui, really be-

longs to it. C. Crambis probably occurs in Lapland, as it 1s one

of the polar species, and I believe that E. Eriphyle occurs in the

mountains of some part of Germany.

It will not be necessary to recapitulate the geographical distri-

bution of such Rhopalocera as are confined to Europe, as I could

only reproduce in words what I have fully explained elsewhere

by tables. The remainder of the present paper will therefore

chiefly consist of remarks on the distribution of genera, and the

extra-European range of European species, though I shall not

omit to notice such species peculiarly European as call for un-

usual attention. .

Genus Papritio.

When we consider that the greater part of Europe lies to the

north of the warm temperate zone, we need not be surprised that

the great tropical genus Papilio is only represented by four

species, though it can hardly contain less than 300 described

species. P. Machaon ranges from Sweden on the north to Egypt

on the south, and from England on the west to Kamtschatka on

the east; and, like so many of the East Asian species, also occurs

in California. P. Podalrius occurs over the greater portion of

Europe, and likewise occurs in North Africa and Western Asia,

which would appear to be the limits of its range. P. Hospiton, a

species closely allied to Machaon, but perfectly distinct, is con-

fined to Corsica and Sardinia.

Geographical Distribution of European Rhopalocera. 485

Genus Tuais.

This small genus is confined to South Europe, with the excep-

tion of 7. Cerisyt, which most commonly occurs in Asia Minor.

Genus Doriris.

D. Apollina, the only species, appears to be confined to the

south-east of Europe and to Asia Minor.

Genus Parnasstus.

The metropolis of this mountain genus appears to be Siberia.

P. Apollo ranges from Spain to Central Asia. P. Delius extends

throughout Northern Asia to California, where the Siberian spe-

cies, P. Nomion and P. Clarius, also occur.

Genus Aporta.

A. Craltegi ranges eastwards to Amoorland.

Genus Prrris.

Pieris is, like Papilio, a great tropical genus, and consequently

but sparingly represented in Europe. P. Brassica, Rape and

Napi are met with throughout Europe, Asia and North Africa ;

and the range of P. Daplidice is hardly less extensive. P. Cal-

lidice, a mountain insect, ranges from the Pyrenees to Kamt-

schatka.

Genus ANTHOCHARIS.

A. Belia occurs in France and California. It is rather singular

that Ménétries does not notice it as occurring in any part of

Asia. A. Tagis ranges from France to Kamtschatka. This spe-

cies, like many others, presents a Corsican sub-species. 4. Car-

damines occurs from Ireland to Amoorland.

Genus Zecris.

Z. Eupheme, the commonest species, ranges from Spain to the

Kirghis Steppes.

Genus Leucoruasia.

This genus demands special notice, as it is a moot point whether

the five described species are really good species, or merely varieties.

Premising that the typical L. Sinapis occurs commonly from Eng-

land to Amoorland, I shall give as concisely as possible the cha-

486 Mr. W. F. Kirby on the

racters of these disputed forms, without venturing to pronounce

any opinion of my own.

L. Sinapis (L.) White, with an ash- aleed apical blotch

reaching quite to the tip of the fore-wing: hind-wings beneath

with extensive dusky green markings.

L. Diniensis (Bd.) Differs from Sinapis in the apical blotch

not extending to the tip of the fore-wing: the hind-wings are

almost immaculate beneath. Occurs in England and France.

L. Erysimi (Bkh.) This form, which is now allowed on all

hands to be a variety, is entirely without the apical blotch. Same

localities.

L. Lathyri (Hub.) Differs from all the rest in the base of the

wings being yellowish. Underside of the hind-wings greenish,

with two white spots. Occurs in France and Germany.

L. Amurensis (Mén.) Differs from the other forms in the

shape of the wings, which are Jess rounded, and in other minor

particulars. This form replaces Sznapis in the more southern

parts of Amoorland, and I believe is also met with in Europe.

Genus Cottas.

A genus of moderate size, the species of which have generally

a very wide range, and are most frequent in the north temperate

zone. C. Paleno and Phicomone occur in the mountains of

South Europe: but their polar sub-species are common to Lap-

land, Siberia and Labrador. C. EHdusa ranges from England

throughout Asia, and occurs in North America. C. Chrysotheme

occurs in Eastern Europe and North America, but Boisduval

doubts whether the American specimens are not distinct. Mé-

nétries also gives Irkutsk as a locality for this insect. C. Hyale

is a more widely dispersed species than any we have yet noticed.

It is met with from North Russia to the Cape of Good Hope, and

from England to Siberia and California,

Genus GonEPTERYX.

G. Rhamni ranges eastwards to Amoorland and California.

Genus Danais.

The only European species of this Indian group is Danais

Chrysippus, which occurs all over Africa, India and South China.

In Europe it only occurs in Greece and Turkey,

_ Genus Metirma.

This genus appears not to occur in South Africa; and if any

Geographical Distribution of European Rhopalocera. 487

of our European species have yet penetrated to America, they

have become so modified as to be reputed distinct, since America

contains some peculiar species. Most of the European species

occur in Western Asia, but M. .Waturna, Phoebe, Trivia, Didyma,

Parthenie, Dictynna and Athalia, extend eastwards to Amoorland

and Kamtschatka.

Genus ARGYNNIs.

This genus, like the last, is wanting in South Africa, Almost

all the European species also occur in Asia, many extending east-

wards to Amoorland. The following polar species extend to

North America: A. Freyja, Aphirape var. Ossianus, Polaris and

Chariclea. A. Aglaia also extends to North America through

Siberia. This species is very closely related to two forms in Eu-

rope, 4. Cyrene and A. Alexandra, which show signs of having

had a common origin with it. 4. Cyrene replaces, as far as I

know, the common species in Corsica, but Mr. Dale informs me

that he has an Aglaia much resembling Cyrene, which was taken

near Manchester. Possibly Aglaia may have been exposed to

somewhat similar insular variation in Britain as in Corsica. All

the large species of Argynnis are very liable to vary. The other

allied form is 4. Alexandra, which occurs in the Caucasus.

Herrich-Schaffer considers it only a variety. The underside of

the hind-wings resembles Aglaia, but the silvery marginal spots

are replaced by greenish lunules.

Genus ARASCHNIA.

This genus only contains one species, for I doubt whether

A. Burejana, of Bremer, is distinct from Prorsa, which ranges

from France to Amoorland. Prorsa, the summer variety, has the

appearance of a Limenitis; and Levana, the spring variety, that

of a Vanessa.

Genus GraptTa.

G. C.-album extends eastwards to North America: I am not

aware that G. Egea occurs to the east of Armenia. G. Progne, a

North American species, has recently been met with in Amoor-

land.

Genus VANESSA.

The only species which reaches America is Antiopa. It is still

doubful whether the European V,-album is identical with the

488 Mr. W. F. Kirby on the

American J.-album, but as the former occurs in Siberia, it is un-

likely that the slight difference in the imago would be already

correlated with sufficient differences in the larva to entitle them

to rank as distinct species. All the European species extend

eastwards to Amoorland. Urtice has a Corsican sub-species,

Ichnusa, attached to it; but slight as the difference between them

is, it is correlated in the larva, although an intermediate variety

occurs in Italy and Turkey. It would be interesting to know

whether the larva of the intermediate variety agrees with either

Urtice or Ichnusa.

Genus PyRAMEIs.

Small as this genus is, it is one of the most interesting, and the

very paucity of species is doubtless owing in great measure to the

gigantic power of Cardui. Atalanta is the first species we have

to consider. It occurs all over Europe, Asia Minor, North Africa

and North America. But I cannot find it recorded as occurring

in Asia, east of Asia Minor*, though I have consulted several

Russian and other authors on purpose. But it is an extraordinary

thing that Callirhoe, a closely allied species, replaces Alalanta in

China, India and the Canaries. Cardui, like Atalanta and Cal-

lirhoe, appears to be a very old species, though its migratory

habits might account in part for its wide extension. It occurs in

every part of the world, except South Americat, in abundance.

After this species Staudinger places Jonia, a species occurring in

Eastern Europe (?) and Asia Minor, which is so abnormal that some

call it a Vanessa and some an Apatura. Not having seen it, I

place it temporarily in the genus Pyrameis. Owing to the great

power of the typical species of this genus, it is very rare to find

more than two species occurring in company in any part of the

world, and those two generally belong to distinct groups.

Genus Neptis.

This genus is mostly found in India, where many closely allied

species belonging to it occur. The two European species, J.

Aceris and Lucilla, which do not occur to the west of Austria and

Italy, appear to exist in most parts of Asia.

Genus Nympuatis.

N. Populi ranges from France to Amoorland.

* According to Cramer, P. Atalanta occurs in China; but the old authors

are not to be depended on with respect to localities.

+ P. Cardui is often said to occur in Brazil; but Mr. Bates informs me that

the Brazilian insect is a variety of the American C. Huntera.

Geographical Distribution of European Rhopalocera. 489

Genus APaTURA.

Both Jris and Jlia occur in Amoorland, though they appear to

be generally rare in Asia.

Genus CHARAXES.

The insects comprised in this beautiful genus are mostly pecu-

liar to tropical Africa, but Charazxes is represented in the south-

west of Europe by C. Jasius. I do not know whether it occurs

out of Europe.

Genus MELaNacRia.

With the exception of M/. Halimede, which occurs in Amoor-

land, I believe this genus is confined to Europe and Asia Minor.

Genus LaAsiomMaTA.

Except Z. Dejanira, which Mr. Hewitson regards as more pro-

perly belonging to the genus Debis, and which has been taken in

Amoorland, no European Lasiommata appears to occur east of the

Kirghis steppes. A sub-species of Z. Megera (Tigelius) occurs

in Corsica.

Genus Hipparcuia.

H. Phedra and H. Hyperanthus, which both occur in Amoor-

land, are the only species, as far as I know, which reach to

Eastern Asia. A sub-species of H. Semele (Aristeus) occurs in

Corsica.

Genus TripHysa.

7’. Phryne occurs in South Russia and parts of Siberia.

Genus CaNnonyMPHA.

C. Hero, Davus and Gdipus extend to Amoorland, and Davus

occurs in California. C. Corinna is confined to Corsica.

Genus CHIoNOoBAS.

This genus is almost wholly confined to the Arctic Regions.

Most of the European species naturally occur in Siberia and

Labrador.

VOL. I. THIRD SERIES, PART VI,—MAY, 1863. ie, 1h,

490 Mr. W. F. Kirby on the

Genus EREBIA.

Many of the European species extend to Asia, but very few

have a very extended range. . Parmenio and /mbla occur in

Amoorland.

Genera LisytHea and NEMEoBIUS.

Our single European representatives of the Libytherde and

Erycinide appear to be confined to Europe.

Genus THECcLA.

Rubi, Spint and W.-album occur as far east as Amoorland and

North China.

Genus CHRYSOPHANUS.

Phileas, Virgauree, Hippothoe and Chrysets occur in Amoor-

land. Phleas extends to North America, where several closely

allied species also occur.

Genus Potyommatus.

The following species are recorded as occurring in Eastern Asia:

Tiresias, Fischeri, Battus, Pylaon, Argus, Arion, Cyllarus, Semiargus,

Optilete, Zephyrus. Beticus, and I believe Zelicanus also, occurs

in the East Indies, and Telicanus and Lysimon occur in South

Africa. Hopffer asserts that Hoffmannseggi of Zeller is only a

much worn Telicanus, but Staudinger states that Hoffmannseggit is

an American species. P. 4igonand P. Agestis vary remarkably in

Corsica, as M. Bellier de la Chavignerie states in the last number

of the Annales de la Soc. Ent. de France.

Genus Pyreus.

P., Serratule occurs in Amoorland.

Genus NIsoniaDESs.

N. Tages occurs in North China.

Genus PAMPHILA.

P. Sylvanus and Comma range to America through North Asia.

Geographical Distribution of European Rhopalocera. 491

Genus CycLopipEs.

The three European species extend eastwards as far as Amoor-

land.

I am sorry I cannot give the distribution of the species north

and south with more accuracy, owing to my having no catalogues

of the butterflies of North Africa and Southern Asia. But we

obtain from such species as I have noticed some important results

respecting Corsica and America. Insects have travelled between

Asia-Europe and America by two routes, one in the direction of

Iceland and Greenland, and one through the Aleutian islands.

The species that are common to Asia-Europe and America have

almost invariably taken the Jatter route, thus proving that Europe

and North America have been geographically separated for such a

length of time as to allow for all the species that once travelled

between them to vary to such an extent as to be reputed distinct

in the two countries, for only Pyrameis Atalanta and a few

other powerful species of that kind have remained unchanged out

of the numbers that must have travelled that route. If geo-

logists can tell us how long Corsica has been separated from

the main land, we shall have some most valuable data by which

to calculate the length of time that the formation of a species

requires, for a large number of Corsican insects are already good

species, and many more have become sub-species, which is the

Jast step towards the formation of a new species, especially when

the variation is correlated in the larva, as it is in Vanessa Ichnusa.

In conclusion, I do not think any one present, however much he

may differ from the opinions expressed in this paper, will regret

my bringing prominently forward Mr. Darwin’s theory of the

Origin of Species, for it is the great scientific question of the day,

and ought to be freely discussed here as well as in other societies ;

and my own opinion is, that, in a great measure, by the study of

geographical distribution in its widest sense, the theory must stand

or fall.

(492 »

XL. On Anisocentropus, a new Genus of Exotic Trichoptera,

with Descriptions of Five Species, and of a new

Species of Dipseudopsis. By R. M‘Lacuian, Esq.,

Jodie

[Read 2nd February, 1863.3

In the course of a general examination that I made some short

time since of the North American J7richoptera in the British Mu-

seum Collection, I found that the insects described by Mr. Walker

under under the names of Notidobia pyraloides, N. latifascia and

Goéra elegans have no connection with the genera in which they

have been placed, nor do they even belong to the Sericostomide,

as is proved by the maxillary palpi of the two sexes being simi‘ar

in form, the insects of that family being readily distinguished by

the great difference that exists in the form of the maxillary

palpi in the sexes. It was evident also that the types under the

two last names really belonged to the same species, the palpi of

N. latifascia having been broken off. But what struck me most

forcibly was the aberrant numerical arrangement of the tibial

spurs, there being one spur less on the posterior than on the in-

termediate tibia, a peculiarity quite singular as far as the 77r/-

choplera are concerned. .

Dr. Hagen, in his “Synopsis of the North American Neuroptera,”

places the two last insects in the genus Leptocerus, quoting Mr.

Walker’s descriptions, as he was not well acquainted with the

types, and retains the first in the genus Notidobia. When in

Loudon however, in 1861, he discovered that the species were

wrongly placed; but he informs me that he had not noticed the

aberrant arrangement of the spurs.

There have lately been received from New Guinea and other

islands in the Oriental Archipelago, three other species presenting

the same peculiarities and otherwise generically identical, the

whole forming a well-marked genus, which I propose to call

Anisocentropus. One species, 4. illustris, is perhaps the most

beautiful insect in the order, yet described.

Family LEPTOCERIDZ.

ANISOCENTROPUS, N. g.

Head convex above, ocelli absent; antennze about twice the

Mr. R. M‘Lachlan on Anisocentropus, &c. 493

length of the wings, thread-like, basal joint short, bulbous, a tuft

of hairs is placed on the underside between the basal joint and the

eye; maxillary palpi very long, hairy, not differing in the sexes ;

Ist and 2nd joints short, of equal length, 3rd longer than the Ist

and 2nd united, 4th half the length of the 3rd, terminal joint

about as long as the 3rd, flexible; labial palpi small, the joints

of about equal length.

Prothorax small, much narrower than the head; mesothorax

oval-elongate, broader than the head and flattened above; abdomen

not robust.

Legs : femora thin, sub-compressed ; tibize cylindrical, the pos-

terior tibiae and tarsi always more or less hairy. Spurs 2. 4. 3;

anterior tibize with two small spurs at the apex ; intermediate

tibize with two spurs at the apex and two in the middle, the outer

spurs in each pair long; posterior tibize with one long spur in the

middle and two unequal ones at the apex.

Wings rather thickly clothed with short adpressed pubescence :

anterior wings short and broad, dilated at the apex, which is

obliquely rounded ; discoidal cell closed; anastomosis complete,

but very irregular; the two apical cells formed by the furcations

of the two branches of the ramus discoidalis, very long; posterior

wings much smaller than the anterior, folded.

In the two American species the hairy covering on the wings

is thicker than in the others.

Anisocentropus tllustris, n. sp. (Pl. XIX. fig. 1.)

Fuscus, nitidus, sparse ochraceo-pilosus: antennis nigro-fuscis,

supra albo-maculatis, infra brunneis, articulo basali ochraceo ;

capite nitido nigro-fusco ; penicillo ochraceo ; palpis maxilla-

ribus ochraceis, articulo ultimo fusco; mesothorace nitido

fusco, maculA media nigro-fuscd ochraceo-marginata; ab-

domine supra fusco, infra vix ochraceo; pedibus anticis

omnino ochraceis, tibiis tarsisque intermediis et posticis fuscis,

his valde hirsutis ; alis anticis nitidis, purpurascenteo-fuscis,

bases versus vix ochraceis, strigis maculisque ante medium

cyaneis; fascid media cuneiformi albido-ochracea angulum

analem non attingente ; posticis fuscis.

Long. corp. 44 lin.; long. antenn. 10 lin.; exp. alar. 13 lin.

Antenne blackish-fuscous, the joints above spotted with white,

not distinctly annulated, beneath wholly brownish, basal joint

ochreous; head above shining blackish-fuscous, with scattered

ochreous hairs, the pencil-like tufts ochreous; maxillary palpi

ochreous, terminal joint fuscous; prothorax ochreous, hairy ;

494 Mr. R. M‘Lachlan on Anisocentropus, &c.

mesothorax shining fuscous, with a black space in the centre, mar-

gined with a ring of short ochreous hairs; abdomen above fuscous,

beneath somewhat ochraceous; anterior legs wholly ochreous, the

knees and tarsi slightly fuscescent; intermediate legs, femora

ochreous, tibie and tarsi fuscous; posterior legs, femora slightly

fuscescent, tibize and tarsi fuscous, very hairy; anterior wings

shining purplish-fuscous, varied at the base with reddish-ochreous,

before the middle are some brilliant blue streaks and spots ; from

the middle of the costa arises an oblique whitish ochreous fascia,

broadest at its origin and not reaching the anal angle, extreme

apical margin yellowish, ciliz fuscous; posterior wings wholly

fuscous. ;

Anal appendages.—Male: App. sup. small, rounded, fringed

with long hairs, ventral lamina emarginate, penis flat. Female:

Dorsal lamina triangular, obtuse at the apex; app. sup. roundly

spoon-shaped.

Habitat, Salwatty, near New Guinea (Mr. Allen).

In my own collection and in that of the British Museum.

Anisocentropus dilucidus,n. sp. (Pl. XIX. fig. 2.)

Ochraceus : antennis albidis, articulo basali ochraceo; palpis,

thorace, abdomine, pedibusque pallide ochraceis; alis anticis

fuscis, ante medium et apicem versus purpureo-suffusis,

fascia pone medium, angulum analem non attingente, macu-

JAque parva ad arculum albidis; posticis dilute fuscis.

Long. corp. 33 lin.; long. antenn. 94 lin.; exp. alar. 93 lin.

Antenne whitish, unannulated, basal joint ochreous ; head,

palpi, thorax, abdomen, and legs pale ochreous ; anterior wings

fuscous, with a purplish reflection, most evident before the middle

and towards the apex ; a broad whitish band arises from the costa

beyond the middle but does not reach the anal angle, at the

arculus is a small whitish spot; posterior wings pale fuscous.

Habitat, New Guinea, Island of Mysol (Mr. Allen).

Two specimens in the collection of the British Museum.

Smaller in every way than the preceding and easily distinguish-

able therefrom. In both species the anterior wings are destitute

of hairy covering on those parts of the membrane that are occupied

by blue or purple markings.

Anisocentropus tmmunis, n. sp. (Pl. XIX. fig. 4.)

Dilute ochraceus: antennis pallidis, griseo-brunneo-annulatis ;

capite, thorace, pedibusque pallide ochraceis; alis anticis

dense ochraceo-pubescentibus ; posticis hyalinis.

Long. corp. —— ?; long. antenn. 103 lin. ; exp. alar. 10 lin.

Mr. R. M‘Lachlan on Anisocentropus, Sc. 495

Antenne with obscure greyish-brown annulations; head, thorax

and legs pale ochreous; anterior wings densely clothed with short

ochreous pubescence, costal margin darker ; posterior wings

hyaline.

Habitat New Guinea (Mr. Allen).

One specimen in the collection of the British Museum.

Anisocentropus latifascia, Walker. (PI. XIX. fig. 5.)

Notidobia latifascia, Walker, Catalogue of Neuropterous Insects in

the British Museum, pt. 1, p. 90, 3.

Guéra elegans, Walker, idem, p. 95, 5. i

Leptocerus latifascia, Hagen, Neuroptera of North America, p. 279,

12.

L. elegans, Hag. idem, p. 279, 10.

Testaceus: antennis fuscis dimidio basali flavo-annulato ; capite

thoraceque testaceis ; abdomine vix fuscescente ; pedibus tes-

taceis, tibiis tarsisque posticis obscurioribus, hirsutis ; alis

anticis flavo-ochraceis, pone medium fascia lata brunnea ;

posticis griseo-brunneis.

Long. corp. 3 lin.; long. antenn. 9 lin.; exp. alar. 9 lin.

Antennee fuscous, annulated with yellow in the basal half; head,

palpi and thorax testaceous; abdomen somewhat fuscescent ; legs

testaceous, the posterior tibiae and tarsi darker and clothed with

long hairs; anterior wings yellowish-ochreous, with a broad

brownish band beyond the middle, only the inner margin of

which is well defined ; posterior. wings brownish-grey.

Habitat, North America.

In the collection of the British Museum, formerly in that of the

Entomological Club.

There is not the slightest doubt as to the types of Mr. Walker’s

species being identical. See introductory remarks. -

Anisocentropus pyraloides, Walker. (PI. XIX. fig. 3.)

Notidobia pyraloides, Walker, Catalogue of Neuropterous Insects

in the British Museum, pt. 1, p. 90, 2;

Hagen, Neuroptera of North America, p.

271, 2.

Ferrugineus: antennis ochraceis, bases versus brunneo-annu-

latis; capite, thorace, abdomineque ferrugineis; pedibus

ochraceis ; alis anticis et posticis saturate brunneis.

Long. corp. 3}lin. g, 4 lin. ¢; long. antenn. — ?; exp. alar. 9

lined ele lime oe

496 Mr. R. M‘Lachlan on Anisocentropus, §c.

Antenne ochreous, annulated with brownish towards the base ;

head, thorax and abdomen ferruginous; legs ochreous, posterior

tibise and tarsi with a few long hairs; anterior and posterior wings

uniformly dark brown.

Anal appendages.—Male: App. sup. long, finger-shaped, with

long hairs at the apex; app. inf. long, obtusely pointed, curved up-

wards; penis thickened at the apex.

Habitat, Georgia (Mr. Abbott).

Two specimens in the collection of the British Museum.

Family RHYACOPHILIDZ.

Genus Dirseupopsis, Walker.

This genus was characterized by Mr. Walker in pt. 1 of the

British Museum Catalogue of Neuropterous Insects, p. 91 (1852),

from a single specimen from Port Natal (D. Capensis), and con-

sidered as belonging to the Sericostomide. Since then a second

species (described below) has been received from China; and as

the maxillary palpi are five-jointed in both sexes, and present no

structural difference, I think it should more properly be referred

to the Rhyacophilide. It is a very distinct genus, with 3, 4, 4

spurs and a remarkable development of the prothorax (especially

in the Chinese species), more so than I have observed in any

other genus of Phryganide; this part forms above a very evident

collar, deeply divided in the middle.

Dipseudopsis collaris, n.sp. (Pl. XIX. fig. 6.)

Fusca: antennis flavis, brunneo-annulatis ; capite fusco, mar-

ginibus lateralibus et postice flavidis; prothorace flavo; meso-

thorace piceo-fusco; abdomine fusco; pedibus flavo-ochraceis ;

femoribus, tiblis, tarsisque intus concavis; alis anticis

stramineis (vel stramineo-fuscis) macula albido-hyalina, venis

concoloribus ; posticis sub-hyalinis, venis flavis.

Long. corp. 6 lin. ; exp. alar, 15 lin.

Antenne yellow, annulated with brown; head fuscous, the

lateral and hinder margins yellowish; palpi ochreous, slightly

fuscous; prothorax large, conspicuously yellow (sometimes

slightly fuscous) ; mesothorax pitchy fuscous; metathorax tes-

taceous ; abdomen fuscous ; legs yellowish-ocherous, deeply con-

cave on the inner side; anterior wings straw yellow (sometimes

pale fuscous), a whitish spot on the disk, veins concolorous; pos-

terior wings sub-hyaline, veins yellowish. The whole insect is re-

markably devoid of hairy covering of any kind.

Habitat, Hong Kong (J. C. Bowring, Esq.) and North China.

In the collection of the British Museum. )

(3497 5)

XLI. Descriptions of Brazilian Honey Bees belonging to

the Genera Melipona and Trigona, which were exhi-

bited, together with Samples of their Honey and Wax,

in the Brazilian Court of the International Exhibition

of 1862. By F. Smiru, Esq., Pres. Ent. Soc.

[Read 2nd March, 1863. ]

Nor a single species of honey bee belonging to the restricted

genus Apis is indigenous to South America; Apis mellifica, and

probably other species of the same genus, were long ago im-

ported into the West Indian Islands, and I believe also into the

northern provinces of South America; here they collect honey

abundantly, both in a state of domestication and also at large in

woods and forests.

The substitutes for the hive bee in Brazil] are the genera Meli-

pona and Trigona, which are there extremely abundant; about

thirty species belonging to the genus Melipona are described, and

not less than fifty of the genus Zrigona; these insects are the

stingless honey bees of South America.

Although the genera Melipona and Trigona possess several

characteristics in common, and these are such as form the basis of

many genera, still the insects included in the genus Melipona are

essentially distinct and different from those that here form the

genus Trigona.

After a careful examination of a great number of species belong-

ing to both genera, [ have, I trust, been able to lay down cha-

racters that will render their discrimination a matter of little or no

difficulty, having found those hitherto employed lead to inex-

tricable confusion and perplexity. That it is very desirable to

separate these bees into two or more genera will, I think, be ad-

mitted by every Entomologist, when it is stated that at present

not less than 120 species are known.

St. Fargeau has given to one of his divisions of the genus

Trigona the generic title of Tetragona, but the only characteristic

difference is the elongated, almost quadrangular, form of the ab-

domen of the worker bee; this character, if allowed to be of

generic value, would frequently throw the sexes into different

498 Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions of

genera; the genus Tetragona therefore cannot be retained. M.

Guérin Meneville observes, in the ‘‘Iconographie du Régne

Animal,” that several authors do not separate Melipona and

Trigona ; this is true, but I am inclined to believe this has arisen

from the fact of their not having been acquainted with a sufficient

number of species. To me it appears that nature herself has

separated them; for although both genera are found abundantly

in the New World, yet not a single species of the genus Melepona

has, I believe, yet occurred in the Old World; whereas a great

many species of Trigona have been discovered there; they are by

no means uncommon in India, Africa, Austratia, or the Islands of

the eastern Archipelago, &c. This circumstance appears to me to

offer a strong argument in favour of their separation.

The general appearance of the bees that compose the two

genera is at once obviously different; those belonging to the

genus Melipona have a close resemblance, in many instances, to_

those of the genus Osmia, to which the species of the genus

Trigona have not the least resemblance.

The only distinctive generic character, proposed by Latreille

for the separation of these genera, is their having either dentate

or edentate mandibles; the examination of a large number of

species proves that this character cannot be accepted as of generic

value; I believe it only characterizes species of peculiar habits of

economy. Of the fourteen species of Z’rigona described in the

present paper, four only have toothed mandibles; yet the

general habit of the species at once denotes that they all un-

doubtedly belong to the same genus. I have inspected the oral

organs of a considerable number of species, and all agree in having

the same number of joints in the labial palpi; but those which I

have examined with toothed mandibles, have the palpi as long as, or

even longer than, the tongue, the palpi being set with a few long-

ish hairs; but I have not found any having edentate mandibles

with pubescent palpi; I am here alluding to species of Trigona.

The form of the palpi differs considerably in the various species

that I have examined; in some, the two elongate basal joints of

the labial palpi are narrow, and only slightly widened at their

base; others are more widened at the base, and have also a broad

thin semi-transparent flattened margin. The tongue also varies

greatly in its relative proportion to the labial palpi, being longer

or shorter in different species. The same differences also obtain

in the genus Melpona, but in a greater degree; the tongue being

sometimes nearly twice as long as the labial palpi, and pubescent

at the apex; in others it is about equal in length to the palpi;

Brazilian Honey Bees. 499

but every intermediate degree is to be found, so that it is im-

possible to draw a line of demarcation between the species.

All these bees are honey gatherers, but the honey collected by

the different species varies greatly in quality; from the nests of

some it is excellent, from others worthless. The honey of the

species “‘ Mombuca” is said to be black and sour, whilst that of

“‘ Tataira”’ is excellent; the quality being dependent on the

species of flowers from which the honey is collected. This great

difference in the honey of the various species is apparently con-

firmatory of the fact that each species confines itself to particular

flowers, never visiting any other kinds. The different relative

length of the tongue in the species is also confirmatory of the

same supposition; indeed, the great diversity in this respect ob-

servable in these bees, appears to me to be analogous to a similar

diversity in the length of the bills of humming birds, which, it is

well known, are always adapted for reaching the nectaries of the

particular flowers which they usually frequent. Those species of

Melipona and Trigona that have the tongue short in all pro-

bability frequent flowers having open corollas, whilst others, as

Melipona anthidioides, furnished with an elongated tongue, extract

their food from elongated tubular flowers. Should this sup-

position prove to be correct, it will still further confirm an

opinion I have long entertained, that characters, which in cer-

tain groups of Hymenoptera, serve admirably the purpose of

generic subdivision, will fail to do so when applied to others.

The wing system, so admirably adapted generally for the sub-

division of the fossorial tribe, fails to answer that purpose when

applied to ihe Scoliide ; the typical genus Scolia presents four,

if not five, distinct types of neuration in the anterior wings; the

difficulty could undoubtedly be at once overcome by giving to

each division a different generic name; but all the species are so

linked together by other characters, as well as by habit, all in fact

so obviously belong to one genus, that Burmeister and myself at

the same time, each ignorant of the other being engaged upon the

same family, included them all in the genus Scolia, forming sec-

tions for the reception of the species differing in the neuration of

their anterior wings.

The history of Melipona and Trigona is still in a great degree

enveloped in obscurity ; no one, that I am aware of, has hitherto

obtained all the sexes even of a single species of either of these

genera. M. Guérin found six or seven females in a nest of

Melipona fulvipes and a great number of workers. For the pur-

pose of examination, when describing the species in the present

500 Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions of

Paper, I was supplied with ten examples of each; three species

consisted entirely of males, one species partly of males and

workers, and the remainder entirely of workers.

Of the genus Trigona 1 have never seen a female, neither has

any one described that sex, but I have little doubt it will be found,

as in the genus Melipona, that each community contains a number

of females. According to the observation of naturalists, the nests

of Trigona contain an immense host of individuals; Mr. Stretch,

who collected at Panama, found a nest several feet in length,

in the hollow of a tree, containing thousands of individuals, their

numbers being, as he informed me, apparently countless.

Judging from the information we possess of the economy of

these genera, it would appear that it is analogous to that of the

social Formicidae, whose communities always contain numerous

females at the same time.

The females of the genus Melipona resemble the queen of the

hive, in having much shorter wings than the workers, and also in

having the abdomen elongate.

The nests of these bees are not only found in very different

situations, but are also constructed of very different materials ;

this I should have concluded must be the case, from the very dif-

ferent construction of the mandibles in the various species ;

some have the inner edge of the mandibles finely denticulate,

others, on the contrary, with only four or five strong teeth,

whilst in some species we find them perfectly smooth, or eden-

tate.

Gardner, in his travels, gives a list of such species as he met

with in the provinces of Piauhy and Goyaz, where he found them

numerous ; in every house, he says, you find the honey of these

bees: many species, he tells us, build in the hollow trunks of

trees, others in banks; some suspend their nests from the

branches of trees, whilst one species constructs its nest of clay,

it being of a large size; the honey of this species, he says, is very

good.

Mr. H. W. Bates ofien observed these bees collecting clay,

which they plaster on their broad flat posterior tibiee; for some

time he was at a loss to ascertain the use made of it, but he sub-

sequently observed that it was the material with which they wall

up any large opening in decaying trees, leaving only an outlet ne-

cessary for their entrance into and exit from the hive. Gardner

informs us, that some species close these entrances with wax, this

being the habit of a species named Tuby; another, that he calls

Atakira, closes it with clay ; he also speaks of another, named

Brazilian Honey Bees. 501

‘“‘ Urussu,” as large as a humble bee, having a black head and

yellow body; this is probably a species of Euglossa ; its honey, he

says, is good. A species called ‘ Urussu preto” is black, and more

than an inch long; this also may probably be a species of Eu-

glossa.

Sir John Hearsey informed me that he had observed the small

stingless honey bees, Trigona, commonly in India, particularly so

at Darjeeling, and that they affix their combs to the branches of

shrubs and trees, without any kind of exterior covering. The

wild honey bees, belonging to the genus Apis, also suspend them

in the same manner ; one species, (apparently, from description,

the Apis dorsata), he secured in a box prepared for that purpose ;

after feeding them in confinement a few days, they readily do-

mesticated themselves, and accumulated a large store of honey.

The Vespide, enumerated in the present paper, were sent from

Brazil with the honey bees, but neither honey or wax, as having

been produced by them; it is probable, however, that all were

considered honey gatherers ; the Nectarina analis has long been

known to collect honey, and likewise the Nectarina Lecheguana ;

that which is collected by the latter. species is by St. Hilaire

said to be of a poisonous quality; the injurious effects it pro-

duced upon himself and his companions, he has described, as

being attended with considerable danger. The nest of this wasp

he found attached to a small bush, about a foot from the ground,

of an oval shape, and about the size of a man’s head, being

covered with a chartaceous envelope, like that of European wasps.

There are more than a dozen species known of the genus Nec-

tarina, but the honey collected by the different species is not all

poisonous.

St. Hilaire mentions two sorts of Lecheguana as being well

known to the natives, one giving a white, the other a red honey ;

the white is innocuous, the red always poisonous.

In the nest room at the British Museum there are several

wasps’ nests that have contained honey ; but in all, it 1s appa-

rent that the cells are not constructed of a material adapted for

containing it, and consequently such nests are materially da-

maged by the honey penetrating and dropping from one layer of

comb to another.

A nest was presented to the Museum last year, about two feet

in length, and fifteen inches in diameter at the broadest part ; the

nest was that of Polybia scutellaris ; for the purpose of investiga~

tion, the nest was divided longitudinally ; it contained upwards of

a hundred specimens of a living Mantispa (Trichoscelis varia),

502 Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions of

probably a parasite, but not a single living wasp; this nest was

found to contain honey in some of the cells in the centre of the

upper combs; and, as in the case of those above mentioned, the

honey was penetrating from layer to layer ; but in no part of the

nest was there any brood; the number of combs was fourteen,

the diameter of the largest being at least fourteen inches; what the

number of cells might be, would require a considerable amount of

calculation to ascertain, —of course many, many thousands; and yet

this nest did not appear to have been recently in use for the purpose

of rearing brood ; was it then a deserted nest ? and did the wasps

really store up the honey it contained? Wasps are well known

to plunder the hives of honey bees, and is it not possible that this

apparently deserted nest was used merely as a magazine, for the

plunder of some nest of a Melipona or Trigona.

If it is a fact that some species of wasp store honey, it appears

only reasonable to expect that the combs would be constructed

of a material adapted for containing it; and if storing honey

formed a part of the economy of the species, I should conclude

it would also form the support of the young brood, as well as of

the community at large; but, as stated above, I have never

found young brood in any wasp’s nest that contained honey, but

I have never failed to do so in combs of the honey-collecting

bees. It has been suggested, as possible, that species of T’rigona

may sometimes take possession of deserted wasp-nests; this I do

not think probable, the nests are not adapted to their purposes ;

the cells are much too large for their brood, at least in all the

nests I have examined, and honey is always stored in waxen cells

by the bees.

When a wasps’ nest is discovered, in which the combs are con-

structed of a material adapted for containing honey, and in which

young brood is also found, showing this habit to form a part of

the usual economy of the species, then we shall have some legiti-

mate grounds for believing in the existence of certain species of

wasps being, in the true signification of the term, honey col-

lectors. At present, it appears to me, that we only know as a

fact, that certain wasp-nests occasionally contain honey, sup-

posed to have been stored by the wasps themselves; they, in the

first place, not having constructed their cells of a material adapted

for containing it. ‘lhe nests of Nectarina analis, and also of N.

Lecheguana and of N. mellifica, are all constructed of papyra-

ceous materials, but of a somewhat firmer texture than those of

Polybia. All the species of Nectarina are said to be honey col-

lectors; if such be the case, may it not be possible that it is

Brazilian Honey Bees. 503

stored up at a period of the season when the rearing of brood is

suspended, and when they are prevented from collecting food

abroad, the honey forming their support during such a season ; or

is it simply to be regarded as booty obtained by the puedes of

nests of honey- ealleecine bees, and that deserted BESS nests are

merely used as temporary receptacles.

For the new species described in this Paper, I have, when pos-

sible, used the vernacular for the specific name of the species; 1

also add a list of vernacular names whereby many of these honey

bees are distinguished; the manner of spelling many no doubt

renders it extremely difficult, if not impossible, to translate them.

Of several described here, I obtained the signification of the

vernacular from Mr. Bates, whose long residence in Brazil has

rendered many names familiar to him.

Lim&éo—Lemon (honey acid or bit-

ter 2)

Cupira (Curupira, wood-demon).

Jaty.

Mandagaia.

Canido (pipe-shaped).

Mondury (a bee).

Arapua.

Tubiba (sharp, acute).

Vamos embora (let us be off ).

Tataira (tata, fire ; ira, honey).

Mumbuca (spiny).

Urussa.

Mosquito (little fly).

Sanhard.

Moga branca (white girl).

Cutia ode purga (Aguti, or purge bee).

Manvel d’Abreu (a man’s name).

Capucha.

Cabocelé (Indian).

Enxu.

Enxuy.

Boca torta (crooked mouth).

Amarello (yellow).

Chapeo (a hat).

Munbuhinha.

Mandaguira.

Cabega de latao (brass- headed ).

Caga fogo (spit fire).

Cabiguara.

Abelha de Cupim (White-ant Bee).

Preguizo grosso (big sluggard).

Preguizo fino (slender sluggard).

Urugu de chao (ground Urugu).

Urugu de pao (timber Urugu).

Urugu boi (bull Urugu).

Urugu pequeno (small Urugu).

Jatai grande (large Jatai).

Jatai pequeno (small Jata1).

Marmelada preta (black Marmelada).

Marmelada branea (white Marme-

lada).

Mondury preto (black Bee).

vermelho (red Bee).

——— legitimo (legitimate Bee).

—— —— mirim (small Bee).

papaterra.

Bura manso (tame Bura).

bravo (stinging Bura).

Sete portas (seven doors).

Chupé.

Trati (wax).

504 Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions of

The following list will give the vernacular names of all the

species described in this Paper, and will show the nature of the

products of each, as exhibited in the Great Exhibition :—

Scientific Name.; Vernacular. H., honey ;

W , wax

Melipona Mandagaia --..--e- | Mandagaia ..... *cisieeiee H. W.

: Mondury o....--.- | Mondury ..... d00000000 H.W.

Trigona Limao ......... Soooc: || LMMEO cocsobouondodcKs H. W.

Cupirarerciaterel soo00 || Giyaie cosoaoe goo S0000 H. W.

Jaty occccccccsesecce Jaty eocr cere ct ecc eb ee co H. Ww.

— bipunctata .......... | Canfido......e.00.- vee H.W.

——ruficrus ...... G00000 || ANYONE 56 00600000000000 H. W.

=——-Pubiba — <sice cles eelel | LUDIDE e010) rel sjel eleieieierejei= Ww.

————_ FECUYSA oe--ceeeeeee Vainos embora .. .e++core H.

——___ Jataira »...-.-..... | Dataira oc .cc- cc ssevewce H. W.

— Mombuca ..ece...... Mombuca 2.2000 0 sce iE

——— amalthea...........~. | Sanhar6......sseveeccee H.W.

——— Mosquito..........+- | Mosquito ...-cesecerees

—— dorsalis ..... oeee-oe | Moca brancae....-. poo0e H. W.

mellea.....-..+-.-. | Cutia o de purga ......-- H. W.

longipes .+..-ee+eeee | Manvel d’Abreu ...-.-0 H. W.

Polybia Socialis. ycjeje«ciie oe siete i) CAPUCHU) | ei celelsiaiclelelels ie

SETICEA +e eeeeeeceeee | CaboclO.seesseceesesecs

== OOOCANEITE aa ddoo0066 IBYeRY) (OMRloc oG00b0 000000

fuscicornis eee. Berea VAM ATE! OM cfoyercucieverevetencvovere

Enxuy ........-.--.. | Enxuy «oe. 00600000 5

Apoica pallida as coqoudae || CliayxS0 co05'bcG0 00000600

Melipona and Trigona, according to my views of those genera,

may be readily separated. The Meliponas are larger insects,

having wings shorter than the abdomen, the latter being very con-

vex and oblong ; their mandibles never being dentate.

The Trigonas have the wings more ample, and longer than the

abdomen ; the stigma is distinct, with its inferior margin rounded ;

the abdomen is short, somewhat triangular, compressed beneath,

and forming a carina or sharp edge down the centre; the man-

dibles are serrated, denticulate, or sometimes edentate.

Genus Metrpona.

Melipona, Wlig., Klug, Latr., St. Farg.; Zrigona, Jurine ;

Apis, Fab.

Tongue, variable in length, the same length as the labial palpi,

sometimes considerably longer. The labial palpi 4-jointed, the

first joint twice as long as the second, the two apical joints minute

and placed at the side of the second joint at its apex.

Brazilian Honey Bees. 605

The maxillary palpi one-jointed, but in many species not dis-

cernible; the mandibles not toothed.

Wings one-fifth shorter than the body; the neuration very like

that of the genus Trigona, but the transverse nervures are fre-

quently obliterated; the anterior wings with one marginal and

two sub-marginal cells, the first quadrate, receiving the first re-

current nervure; the second extending to the apex of the wing.

In some species there is a false nervure or fold, apparently form-

ing an incomplete small second sub-marginai cell.

Posterior legs of the ordinary length, the tibize dilated.

1. Melipona Mandagaia.

M. nigra; facie pube cinerea vestita; abdomine ferrugineo;

marginibus basalibus segmentorum nigro-fasciatis; alis

hyalinis.

Worker. Length 23 lines. Head and thorax black; the posterior

margin of the vertex and the thorax above with black pubescence ;

the front, between the ocelli and the insertion of the antenne,

clothed with snow-white pubescence; the flagellum, beyond the

two basal joints, fulvous; the clypeus and face below the an-

tennze smooth and shining; the tips of the mandibles rufo-

piceous. The articulations of the anterior and intermediate legs

rufo-piceous, as well as the apical joint of their tarsi; the posterior

legs have the femora at their apex beneath, the inferior margin,

and the apex of the tibia and the tarsi rufo-piceous; the pubes-

cence on the legs black. Abdomen of a chestnut-red, with the

basal segment, the basal margins of the four following and the

apical segment, black. The wings hyaline, their nervures pale

ferruginous. The mandibles without teeth.

The fascize on the abdomen vary in width as well as in depth of

colouring ; in some specimens they are scarcely visible, in conse-

quence of the segments having contracted and drawn their bases

inwards,

2. Melipona Mondury.

M. capite thoraceque nigris; pedibus, scutello, et abdomine

flavo-ferrugineis ; alis hyalinis.

Worker. Length 4 lines. Head and thorax black; the man-

dibles and antennz ferruginous, the latter dusky above; the an-

terior margin of the clypeus and a line down the centre reddish-

yellow; the cheeks and face covered with short cinereous pile,

the vertex with fulvous hairs. The scutellum, metathorax behind,

VOL, I. THIRD SERIES, PART V1.——-MAY, 1563. MM

506 Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions of

the legs and abdomen of a reddish-yellow, the scutellum palest ;

the thorax clothed with fulvous pubescence ; the apex of the tibia

and the basal joint of the tarsi more or less fuscous; the legs

have a short fulvous pubescence. The apical segments of the

abdomen have a thin cinereous pubescent pile; the basal margin

of the segments more or less ferruginous.

This insect closely resembles that described by St. Fargeau

under the name M/. rufiventris, but that species has the inner orbits

of the eyes pale and the scutellum black.

Genus Tricona, Jurine.

Tongue lanceolate, usually the same length as the labial palpi,

rarely longer; the labial palpi 4-jointed, the first joint twice as

long as the second, the two apical ones minute.

The maxillary palpi not discernible.

The mandibles sometimes dentate, more frequently not toothed.

Antenne of the male 13-jointed, of the worker 12-jointed.

Wings longer than the body; the superior wings with one elon-

gate marginal cell, and two sub-marginal ones; the second ex-

tending to the apex of the wing; in some species a small second

sub-marginal cell is faintly traced; the sub-marginal cells rarely

complete, usually one or more not traced, sometimes all are ob-

literated. (PI. XX. figs. 9, 10.)

Posterior legs elongated, the tibiae flattened and dilated.

1. Trigona Limdo.

T. nigra, levis et nitida; mandibulis, pedibus, abdominisque basi

rufo-testaceis ; alis hyalinis.

Male. Length 23 lines. Head and thorax black, smooth and

shining; the anterior margin of the clypeus, the labrum, mandibles,

and the scape of the antenna, in front, rufo-testaceous; the fla-

gellum obscurely ferruginous beneath; the tegulz and legs rufo-

testaceous ; the wings hyaline, with the nervures testaceous; the

posterior margin of the scutellum bordered with a narrow line of

fine cinereous pubescent pile, a patch of the same on each side of

the metathorax ; the head rather wider than the thorax, the front

convex. The abdomen more or less rufo-piceous at the base,

the first segment, sometimes two and the base of the third.

Mandibles not toothed.

Very readily distinguished by its broad, shining, convex head,

and from its being destitute of pubescence.

Brazilian Honey Bees. 507

2. Trigona Cupira.

T. nigra, levis et nitida; clypeo punctis duobus; mandibulis

tarsisque apicalibus ferrugineis; alis sub-hyalinis.

Worker. Length 23 lines. Black, smooth and shining; the

clypeus with two oblong spots; a spot between the antenna, the

extreme base of the scape and the mandibles ferruginous, inclining

to orange in some individuals; an obscure pale line at the inner

orbit of the eyes, observable in particular positions; the scape,

excepting the two basal joints, fusco-ferruginous, palest beneath.

The three apical joints of the tarsi ferruginous; the wings hyaline,

with a slight fulvous tint, the nervures ferruginous, in some indi-

viduals darkest towards the base. Abdomen black, with the

basal margins of the apical segments sometimes more or less rufo-

piceous. In some examples the femora, or both femora and

tibize, are obscurely rufo-piceous. ‘The mandibles not toothed.

8. Trigona Jaty.

Tf. capite thoraceque nigris; pedibus abdomineque ferrugineis,

_ tibiis posticis apice nigris; alis hyalinis.

Male. Length 24 lines. The head and thorax black; the an-

tenne ferruginous, the flagellum slightly fuscous above; the face

covered with white downy pile; the clypeus and mandibles yel-

low, or reddish-yellow, the latter black at their extreme base.

The tegule and legs ferruginous, the posterior tibiae at their apex

and the basal joint of the tarsi black; the lateral margins of the

mesothorax narrowly, and the scutellum pale rufo-testaceous, the

latter fringed with pale pubescence; the wings hyaline and

iridescent; the thorax on the sides and beneath clothed with

cinereous pubescence. Abdomen ferruginous, narrow and elon-

gate, nearly linear, slightly widened at the base; in some exam-

ples darkest towards the apex.

4, Trigona bipunctata. (Caniido).

T. nigra; facie plagis duabus flavis, clypeo mandibulisque ferru-

gineis ; alis hyalinis; abdomine apice obscure ferrugineo.

Worker. Length 23 lines. Black; the flagellum fulvous beneath ;

the clypeus, labrum and mandibles ferruginous, the latter black at

their base; a yellow spot on each side of the face at the lateral

margins of the clypeus; a yellow line on the inner margin of each

cheek beneath; a fine cinereous, downy pubescence covers the

face above the clypeus, and also the thorax on the sides and

beneath. The wings hyaline, with their nervures pale ferruginous,

MM 2

508 Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions of

Abdomen varies greatly in colour, obscurely ferruginous, with

only the basal segment and middle of the basal margin of the

second segment black, with the two or sometimes the tiree basal

segments nearly black ; in others the abdomen obscurely ferru-

ginous, as well as the metathorax. The scutellum in this variety

is usually pale ferruginous. Mandibles not toothed.

The variety last mentioned is probably immature, but all are

from one nest.

5. Trigona recursa. (Vamos embéra.)

T. nigra; facie pube cinerea vestita; abdomine obscure rufo-

variegato; alis hyalinis.

Worker. Length 3 lines. Black; the face and cheeks covered

with a fine downy cinereous pile; the extreme base of the scape

rufo-piceous, the flagellum obscurely fulvous beneath; the tips of

the mandibles rufo-piceous. The wings hyaline, the nervures

pale ferruginous, the costal nervure dark brown; the apical joint

of the tarsi ferruginous ; the posterior tibize obscurely ferruginous

within. Abdomen elongate, tapering towards the apex; in some

examples the segments are more or less variegated with obscure

ferruginous tints. ‘The mandibles with three or four stout acute

teeth at their apex.

6. Trigona Tataira.

T. flavescenti-rufa ; thorace nigro; scutello pallide ferrugineo ;

alis hyalinis.

Male. Length 23 lines. Of reddish-yellow; the head usually

much redder than the abdomen, and rather wider than the thorax ;

the scape, and the flagellum beneath, rufo-ferruginous; the eyes

red. Thorax black, sometimes with an obscure testaceous broad

stripe running down the centre of the mesothorax, and uniting

with the pale colouring of the scutellum; the tegule pale tes-

taceous; the wings hyaline, their nervures rufo-testaceous; the

intermediate and posterior tibia and tarsi usually more or less

fusco-ferruginous. Abdomen reddish-yellow. ‘The mandibles not

toothed.

In some examples the metathorax is rufo-testaceous.

7. Trigona Tubiba.

YT. nigra, opaca; capite antice et metathorace postice pube

cinerea vestitis; alis sub-hyalinis, apice fuscis.

Worker. Length 23 lines. Opaque-black ; the flagellum fulvous

Brazilian Honey Bees. 509

beneath ; the cheeks, face, thorax beneath, and the sides of the

metathorax, with a fine silky cinereous pile; the apical joints of

the tarsi rufo-piceous ; the wings sub-hyaline, their apex clouded,

darkest along the anterior apical margin. Individuals not ma-

tured have the scutellum, metathorax and abdomen more or less

obscurely testaceous ; mature examples are quite black.

8. Trigona ruficrus, Latr. (Arapua.)

T. nigra, nitida; pedibus posticis, tibiis tarsisque diluto-brun-

nels.

Worker. Length 3 lines. Black and shining; the face and cheeks

covered with cinereous pile; the clypeus naked and shining; the

scape in front and the mandibles ferruginous; the latter black at

their base and apex; the flagellum fulvous, with the basal joint

black. Thorax thinly covered above with erect black pubescence ;

the wings dark fuscous, with their extremities palest; the first

sub-marginal cell obliquely crossed by a narrow transparent line.

Abdomen depressed and very shining, some examples being faintly

tinged with reddish-brown. The posterior tibiz and tarsi pale

ferruginous; the apical joints of all the tarsi ferruginous. The

mandibles strongly dentate at their apex,

9. Trigona Mombuca.

T. nigra, nitida; capite antice pube cinerea tecto; scutello

pedibusque obscure rufo-piceis ; alis sub-hyalinis.

Worker. Length 23 lines. Black and shining; the face and

cheeks covered with cinereous pubescence; the scape ferruginous

in front, the basal joint black; the tips of the mandibles ferru-

ginous. Thorax: beneath and on the sides with a thin, short,

cinereous pubescence; the disc with scattered, erect, black

pubescence; the scutellum fringed behind with ferruginous hairs ;

the legs sometimes obscurely rufo-piceous, or only so beneath in

other examples; the wings hyaline, the nervures pale rufo-tes-

taceous. Abdomen: the apical segments with their posterior

margins fringed with cinereous pubescence. The mandibles not

toothed,

Male. The same size as the worker; usually with the scutel-

lum paler, sometimes pale testaceous; the legs frequently rufo-

testaceous ; the posterior tibize convex exteriorly. ‘The abdomen

usually more or less rufo-piceous, particularly towards the base.

510 Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions of

10. Trigona Mosquito.

T. flavescenti-rufa ; capite thoraceque nigris ; alis hyalinis.

Worker. Length 2 lines. Pale reddish-yellow, the head and

thorax black, or, in some examples, of a brownish red; the scape

in front, the clypeus, the face on each side of it, and the mandi-

bles, pale reddish-yellow. The scutellum, tegulz and legs pale ;

the scutellum sometimes whitish; the wings hyaline and_irides-

cent, the nervures brown; the posterior tibize have usually a dark

stain in the middle. Abdomen entirely pale. The mandibles not

toothed.

11. Zrigona amalthea. (Sanhar6.)

T.. nigra; facie pube cinerea vestita; alis fusco-nigris.

Worker. Length 23 lines. Black and shining; the face and

cheeks with a fine cinereous pile; the flagellum obscurely rufo-

piceous beneath; the tips of the mandibles rufo-piceous. ‘The

thorax and legs with black pubescence; the apical joint of the

tarsi rufo-piceous; wings dark fuscous, slightly paler towards

their apical margins. The mandibles strongly toothed.

12. Trigona dorsalis. (Moga branca.)

T. pallidé ferruginea ; capite thoraceque supra nigris; clypeo

antennisque pallidé ferrugineis; abdomine oblongo; alis

hyalinis.

Worker. Length 3} lines. Pale ferruginous, with the head

and thorax black above; clypeus, mandibles and antennz pale

ferruginous; also a narrow pale line at the inner orbits of the

eyes ; the face has a thin griseous pubescence, that on the thorax

and legs is fulvous; the antenne more or less fuscous above.

The posterior tibize fringed with a mixture of pale and black

hairs ; abdomen elongate, tapering towards the apex. Mandibles

not toothed.

13. Trigona mellea. (Cutia o de purga.)

T. melleo-flava ; alis hyalinis iridescentibus.

Worker. Length 3 lines. Entirely of a honey-yellow colour ;

the sides of the face covered thinly with fine griseous pile; the

mandibles of a paler yellow. The sides of the thorax with a fine

griseous pile; the apical joints of the tarsi reddish-yellow; the

wings hyaline and iridescent, the nervures pale yellow; abdomen

elongate. Mandibles toothed.

Brazilian Honey Bees. oll

14. Trigona longipes. (Manvel d’Abreu.)

T. capite thoraceque nigris; abdomine pedibusque pallidé fer-

rugineis, tibiis posticis apicibus nigris.

Worker. Length 2 lines. Head and thorax black; the inner

orbits of the eyes, the clypeus and a minute spot above it, the

labrum and mandibles, yellow ; the base of the mandibles and the

anterior margin of the clypeus fuscous ; the antennze pale beneath

and fuscous above. Thorax: the collar, a narrow line over the

tegule, the scutellum and legs, of a reddish-yellow; the posterior

legs elongate, the tibize very slender at the base, and broadly

expanded at their apex, battledore-shaped ; the expanded part

black, as well as the basal joint of the tarsi ; the wings sub-hyaline,

clouded towards their apex. Abdomen of a testaceous yellow,

more or less fuscous at the apex. Mandibles not toothed.

Fam. VESPID &.

Genus Potysia, Saussure.

1. Polybia socialis, Sauss. Mon. Guépes Soe. p. 177, tab. 24,

fig. 1 (Capucht).

2. Polybia sericea, Sauss. Mon. Guépes Soc. p. 179, tab. 24, fig. 4.

Vespa sericea, Oliv. Encycl. Méth. p. 675 (Caboclo).

3. Polybia occidentalis, Sauss. Mon. Guépes Soe. p. 194.

Vespa occidentalis, Oliv. Encycl. Méth. vi. p. 675 (Boca torta).

. Polybia fuscicornis, St. Farg. Hym. Hist. Nat. Ins. 1. p. 536

(Amarello).

5. Polybia Enxuy.

P. nigra, flavo-variegata; petiolo brevissimo; prothoracis mar-

gine posteriore, scutelli marginibus, abdominisque segmento-

rum marginibus, flavis.

Worker. Length 3 lines. Black: the clypeus, inner orbits of

the eyes, two spots between the antennee, a line curved backwards

on the vertex, slightly interrupted in the middle, extending to the

summit of the eyes, and a broad stripe behind the eyes, yellow; the

clypeus has a transverse black spot, which is notched at its inferior

margin. The posterior margin of the prothorax, an irregular line

on its side before the wings, and the margins of the scutellum

yellow; the metathorax with two longitudinal yellow lines, the

tegule yellow; the wings hyaline and iridescent, the nervures

512 Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions of Brazilian Honey Bees.

black. Abdomen: the margins of the segments 1—5 bordered

with yellow, the sixth entirely yellow.

Genus Apoica, St. Farg.

1. Apoica pallida, St. Farg. Hym. Hist. Nat. Ins. i. p. 538

(Chapéo).

Genus Necrarina, Shuck.

1. Nectarina analis, Shuck. Cab. Cycl. Hist. Ins. p. 183 (1840).

_ (Enxu).

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XX.

Fig. 1. Melipona fulvipes, female; 1 a, posterior tarsus of 9 ; 18, posterior tarsus

of 8.

Fig. 2. Melipona anthidioides, worker.

Fig. 3. Melipona Mondury, worker.

Fig. 4. Trigona mellea, worker.

Fig. 5. Trigona longipes, worker.

Fig. 6. Trigona Mombuca, worker; 6a, antennaof ¢; 65, antenna of 33 6c,

anterior leg of ¢; 6d, anterior leg of 8;

Ge, posterior leg of $; 6f, posterior leg of

Fig. 7. Trigona Tataira, male.

Fig. 8. Anterior wing of Melipona.

Fig. 9. Anterior wing of Trigona, with the transverse cubital nervures obsolete.

Fig. 10. i a with transverse cubital nervures incomplete.

Fig. 11. Tongue of Trigona mellea, worker.

Fig. 12. Tongue of Melipona rufiventris, worker; described by St. Fargeau.

Fig. 13. Tongue of Trigona amalthea, worker.

Fig. 14. Tongue of Melipona anthidioides, worker,

Fig. 15. Tongue of Trigona recursa, worker.

(£518)

XLII. Descriptions of Two new Australian Lucanide.

By J. O. Wesrwoop, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., Hope Prof.

of Zoology, &e.

{Read 2nd March, 1863. ]

Attuoucu I have so recently offered to the Entomological So-

ciety descriptions and figures of several species of Lucanide from

the Antipodes, I am again able to add to my former papers two other

interesting insects belonging to the same family from Australia, of

one of which we are unfortunately only acquainted with a single

female specimen in the Collection of the British Museum, whilst

of the other our knowledge is confined to a most elaborate draw-

ing of a male insect kindly forwarded to this country by Dr.

Howitt, and as kindly placed in my hands by Major Parry, with

a view to my drawing up a detailed description of it for our

Society.

In consequence of our ignorance of the male of the former of

these two insects, it is not easy to refer it with precision to the

subgeneric group to which it belongs, especially as the female

presents a combination of characters not met with in the females

of any of those divisions hitherto proposed. I am therefore com-

pelled to describe it as a species of the great group Dorcus, wait-

ing until the arrival of its male shall clear up its true position.

Dorcus Homittanus. (Pl). XXI. fig. 1.)

Niger, subnitidus, tenuissimé punctatus ; capite latissimo, versus

angulos posticos fortius punctato, elytrorum latitudine, angu-

lis posticis pone oculos rotundatis ; mandibulis faleatis, eden-

tatis, capitis longitudine; pronoto transverso, antice vix capite

latiori, postice paullo angustiori; elytris ad basin parte pos-

tica pronoti vix latioribus ; tibiis 2 anticis simplicibus ; 4 pos-

ticis in medio spina armatis.

Long. corp. cum mand. lin. 16; mand. lin. 22 ; cap. lin. 23;

pronot. lin. 3; elytrorum lin, 74.

Lat. capitis lin. 62; parte postica pronoti lin. 6.

Habitat Gipps Land, ad partem austral.-orient. Nove Hol-

landiee.

In Mus. D. Howitt.

514 Prof. Westwood’s Descriptions of

The remarkable width of the head of this insect renders it at

once distinct from all the other species of the genus. It is black

and slightly glossy, short and broad in its form, the prothorax

and head being of nearly equal width, the hind part of the head

being as wide as the front part of the prothorax. The general

surface of the body is delicately punctured, but the hind part of

the head, several spaces on the pronotum, and the slight sulca-

tions of the elytra, are more strongly punctured. The head has

the posterior angles behind the eyes prominent, but rounded off; in

front of the eyes the sides of the head are gradually narrowed,

the anterior angles being obliquely truncated; the disc of the head,

near the fore margin, having two elevated tubercles near the base

of the mandibles, which are porrected, as long as the head, sickle-

shaped, and not furnished with any teeth on the inside; the front

of the head is acutely angulated and deflexed. The prothorax is

quite transverse and widest near the anterior margin, the fore angles

being slightly rounded off, the hinder portion of the lateral margin

being nearly straight, and the posterior angles acute and slightly

narrower than the base of the elytra. The disc of the pronotum

has several slight impressions. The elytra near the basal angles

are acute, the base being scarcely narrower than the central part ;

they are marginated at the sides, and each has the disc impressed

with several slight sulci; they are very convex on the disc, and

rounded behind. The anterior tibia have the apical external

angle produced to a sharp slightly curved spine; they are destitute

of teeth on the outer margin, (a very slight tooth appears to be

indicated in the drawing on the left fore tibia, which is absent in

the right one,) and the four posterior tibiee have a small acute

tooth near the middle of the outer margin.

This species might at first sight be (and indeed has been) con-

sidered as the male of the insect which I described in these Trans-

actions (2nd Series, vol. ili. p. 220) from a single female specimen in

the British Museum Collection, taken at Moreton Bay, under the

name of Dorcus Pelorides ; but on carefully comparing Dr. Howitt’s

drawing with the type of that species, I feel satisfied that the two

insects are specifically distinct. I therefore take the opportunity

of adding a figure and details of Dorcus Pelorides (Pl. XXI. fig. 2),

in order that the differences between the two insects may be at

once perceived. These differences appear to me to be such as

would not be exhibited by the opposite sexes of one and the same

species. This is especially the case with the shape of the head,

the rather deep semicircular emargination of its front margin, the

outline of the prothorax, rather broader at its posterior angles than

New Australian Lucanide. 515

the base of the elytra, and the ovate form of the latter, which are

considerably wider across the middle ; the dilatation of the dentate

fore tibize is of course a sexual character.

Dorcus carbonarius. (Pl, XXI. fig. 3.)

Latus, niger, nitidus; capitis parte antica rugose-punctata ; pro-

noti lateribus punctatis, elytrisque minutissime punctatissimis ;

clypeo antice angusto, parum producto, truncato, angulis pos-

ticis capitis paullo obtuse productis; pronoti marginibus la-

teralibus rotundatis, angulis posticis vix emarginatis ; elytris

vix costatis, tibiis 2 anticis latis, 5-dentatis, 4 posticis in medio

spina una spinulaque adjecta armatis.

Long. corp. cum mandibulis lin. 17; lat. pronoti lin. 62; lat.

elytr. in medio lin. 73.

Habitat Nova Hollandia, ad litt. sept.-oecid.

In the British Museum. Collected by

R.N. Presented by Haslar Hospital.

The broad glossy form of this species distinguishes it fiom all

the other insects to which it is most allied, giving it a certain

amount of resemblance to Lucanus glabratus of De Haan, but the

general structure of the insect will not allow of its approximation

to that insect in the arrangement of the family. The head is

rather small, with the anterior angles entirely rounded off in an

oblique direction ; the hinder angles behind the eye are slightly

angulated; the front margin of the head is emarginated, and in

the middle is a small advanced clypeus, truncated in front; the

mandibles (female) are small, strong, and with a large tooth in the

middle of the inner margin; the mentum is semicircular; the

maxillee rather small, with the inner lobe acute at the tip; the

palpi are small, the first and third joints being the shortest ; the

labium is bifid and setose, and the labial palpi have the three

joints of nearly equal length, the last being rather curved. The

eyes are partially divided by the lateral septum of the skull.

The antenne rather short, with the 6th and 7th joints small,

each producing a seta; the three terminal joints small, the

Jast rounded at the apex ; the prothorax is large, much wider than

the head ; the lateral margins regularly rounded and marginated,

smooth, with the sides punctured; the posterior angles slightly

produced; the fore margin strongly sinuated. On each side,

within the lateral margins, is an oval impression of considerable

size. The elytra are large and broad, being wider in the middle

than the prothorax ; they are delicately and closely punctured,

Burn, Esq., Surg.,

516 Prof. Westwood on New Australian Lucanide.

with a short impressed line near the scutellum, two others on the

disc parallel with the suture, the outer one not extending so far

as the inner, and two other sulci on the disc beyond the middle.

The legs are strong; the fore tibiz broad aud multidentate, the

tooth preceding the apex being the strongest, the middle and

hind tibize have a strong spine in the middle of the outer margin,

preceded by a minute one.

The general structure of this female insect removes it generically

from all the other groups with the females of which we are ac-

quainted. The rounded prothorax and spinose tibize separate it

from the true Lucani. In Odontolabis (Alces, &c.) the hind tibiz

are simple. In L. Raffesii, Nepalensis and Chevrolatii, the form of

the prothorax and broad fore tibize of this new insect are not

found. It is, however, much closer to some of the larger species

of Dorcus, especially in the toothing of the legs and in the pro-

duced clypeus, but its broader form and rounded thorax removes

it from all of these.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XXI.

Fig. 1. Dorcus Howittanus, ¢.

Fig. 2. Dorcus Pelorides, 9 , magnified.—2a, the head from above; 2b, maxilla;

2c, terminal joints of antenna; 2d, fore tibia; 2e,

middle tibia; 2/, hind tibia.

Fig. 3. Dorcus carbonarius, 9 , natural size.—3a, thé head from above; 35, max-

illa; 3c, mentum ; 3d, labium and palpi; 3e,

antenna.

CUBE 2)

XLII. Descriptions of Two new Species of Diurnal

Lepidoptera. By W. C. Hewitson, F.LS.

[ Read 6th April, 1863.]

Papilio Birchallit.

Alis nigris, serie submarginali macularum ochracearum ; anticis

maculis quatuor analibus; posticis fascia transversa viridi-

ochracea, posticis subtus macula costali maculaque anali flavis,

maculis quatuor intermediis minutis lunulisque submargina-

libus sanguineis.

Upperside dark brown. Anterior wing with a bifid spot at the

middle of the costal margin, a submarginal band of conical spots,

and above them, near the anal angle, four ill-defined spots, all

ochre-yellow. Posterior wing dentated, with a central, irregular,

deeply-sinuated, transverse band of grey-green, divided into eight

by the nervures (one part within the cell), and a submarginal band

of spots of the same colour.

Underside rufous-brown. Anterior wing with a twice curved

macular band of seven greenish-yellow spots, commencing at the

middle of the costal margin by the small spot described above,

and ending on the inner margin near the anal angle; the second

spot (within the cell) lunular; the third small, triangular; the

fourth hastate; the fifth and sixth conieal ; the seventh small; a

submarginal band of five pale yellow spots between the anal

angle and the middle of the wing. Posterior wing with a round

bifid spot at the middle of the costal margin, two lunular spots

(one small) at the anal angle, and between them, in a direct line,

four minute scarlet spots; also a submarginal band of seven

spots of the same colour.

Exp. 4,7, inch. Hab. New Granada.

In the collection of Mr. Edwin Birchall, of Birkenhead, sent to

him with a large collection of beautiful species (many of them

new) from Bogota by a brother, to whom, for his zeal in the

pursuit we have so much at heart, I have dedicated this species.

From Mr. Edwin Birchall I have received, though a stranger

to him, the same generous kindness which ‘is characteristic of all

the Lepidopterists with whom it has been my lot to associate.

This species has a double aspect ; it seems to connect the two

518 Mr. W. C. Hewitson’s Descriptions of Lepidoptera.

groups which are represented on the one hand by P. Victorinus

of Doubleday, and on the orther by P. Coristheus of Boisduval.

It is very nearly allied to P. Coraebus, a species lately described by

Dr. Felder, from Venezuela.

Morpho Alexandra.

Alis nitidissimis, argenteo-purpureoque ceruleis, marginibus

fuscis; subtus anticis ocellis quatuor, posticis ocellis sex

(tertio minuto cceco).

Upperside. Male.—Brilliant silvery-blue; purple near the outer

margins, which are brown and narrow, with lunules between the

nervures; the ocelli of the underside slightly seen.

Underside rufous- or lilac-white clouded with rufous-brown,

the nervures and three sub-marginal lines brown. Anterior wing

with the cell rufous-brewn, crossed midway by a band of white,

the disco-cellular nervures marked by a band of brown; crossed

beyond the middle by four black ocelli, the pupils white, large, the

iris rufous, margined with black; followed by three transverse

bands; the first, near the ocelli, zig-zag, rufous-brown; the se-

cond darker brown; the third, and the space between it and the

outer margins, rufous-brown. Posterior wing with the base and

a band within the cell rufous-brown, the end of the cell darker

brown; the wing crossed at the middle by a broad unequal band

of silvery-white, deeply sinuated on both sides and broadly mar-

gined with rufous-brown, and marked with six ocelli, smaller than

those of the anterior wing, five of them black, with pupils of white

and rufous—iris bordered with black ; the first ocellus (near the

costal margin), the fourth, fifth and sixth of nearly equal size; the

second smaller, indistinct ; the third minute, blind ; the first sub-

marginal transverse band formed of circular arches, the other two,

near the margin and each other, together with the dentations of

the margin, dark brown.

Exp. 63 inches.

This very splendid new Morpho is the property of Mr. G. G.

Labrey, of Bowdon, near Manchester, who has generously given

me free access to his extensive collection. In form and in size it

is most nearly allied to Morpho Anazxibia, but with the colour of

Morpho Cytheris, changing to pink, and near the outer margins to

brilliant ultramarine-blue.

XLIV. Descriptions of Three New Species of the Genus

Anthocharis, Boisd., and a New Species of the Genus

Pais, Hiibn., from Tropical South-Western Africa.

By Roxuanp Trimen, Esq.

[Read 6th April, 1863.]

Havine had opportunities of examining the Lepidoptera contained

in various heterogeneous Entomological Collections from time to

time sent or brought from Damara Land and adjacent regions to

Cape Town, | have been for some while engaged in preparing a

list of the species, with such notes as I have been enabled to

make. This I trust to forward to the Society on the return of

Mr. Andersson, the well-known traveller, from his present Journey

in Damara Land; that gentleman, to whom I am already indebted

for specimens and information, having promised to look specially

after the Lepidoptera on this trip. 1 thus hope much to increase

the value of my list by the accessions which will doubtless be

made to it on an inspection of the species collected by Mr.

Andersson in those little-explored regions which he has done so

much to make known to the civilized world. Meanwhile, I think

it desirable to publish descriptions of four of the most striking

novelties from the country in question, belonging to the genera

above indicated. ‘Three of these are additions to the already

large group of Anthocharis, a genus of which the species greatly

need careful investigation and revision. But as no one of the

three in question is marked with red or orange apical patches,

Lepidopterists need not dread that the confusion of species

will be made ‘“ worse confounded” by the publication of these

descriptions. I have specimens of four or five species with

red and orange apices, from Damara Land (which is especially

rich is this genus), but at present despair of determining whether

they belong to established species or not. I sincerely trust that,

ere long, some able Lepidopterist will publish a careful mono-

graph of this lovely genus of the Pieride, than which nothing

could present a more attractive field for study and illustration.

520 Mr. R. Trimen’s Descriptions of

Genus Antuocuaris, Boisd.

1. Anthocharis Regina.

Exp. 2 in. 4 lin.—2 in. 9 Jin.

Allied to 4. Jone, Godt.

g. Pure white, with very brilliant blue-shot violet-lake apical

patch. Fore-mwing : a linear, black, disco-cellular dot ; costa white,

or very faintly grey-dusted nearly to middle, where the blackish

edging of the apical patch commences ; apical patch composed of

six elongate stripes (defined by the more or less strongly-marked

dark nervules), and lying between the 2nd subcostal and 2nd

median nervules, very narrowly and faintly edged with blackish

internally, narrowly along costa to apex, more widely from apex

along hind-margin as far as third median nervule (slightly indenting

the violet on each nervule); median nervules usually blackish in

their central portion, submedian nervure always so; base very

slightly dusted with faint greyish. Hind-ning: usually spotless,

occasionally with a hind-marginal row of small blackish spots, one

at extremity of each nervule; 2nd subcostal and discoidal nervules

often blackish near their origin; base very slightly grey- dusted,

the irrorations often scarcely perceptible. Unpberstpr.—White,

the hind-wing very faintly tinged with yellowish, apical patch pink-

ish-grey. Fore-wing: disco-cellular spot always present; occa-

sionally a faint row of four or five fuscous spots about middle

of apical patch. Hind-mwing: costa more or less brightly edged

with yellow from base to about middle; a minute disco-cellular

dot, usually edged superiorly with yellow; rarely a very indis-

tinct transverse row of five greyish spots from costa; extremities

of nervules rarely marked with greyish.

@. White, with no blackish nervules ; apical patch of the same

colour as in @, but with a less brilliant blue gloss (in one spe-

cimen this is scarcely inferior in brilliancy), and divided down its

centre by a macular black band, which sometimes almost oblite-

rates the inner portion of the violet,—the blackish edgings broader

and darker. Fore-wing : disco-cellular dot well marked, ovate or

round; near anal angle two blackish spots, continuous of the row

dividing the violet. Hind-ning: blackish hind-marginal spots

more usual than in ¢, but far from common. Bases of both

wings a little more markedly and widely irrorated. UNpErsrvr.

—Apex of fore-wimg and whole of hind-wing dull creamy-ochre-

ous, occasionally with a reddish tint, and faintly patched minutely

with grey; disco-cellular spots well defined, that of hind-wing

New Species of Anthocharis, &c. 521

yellow, black-dotted; transverse rows of spots usually well

marked, that of hind-wing elbowed at 1st median nervule, and

continued thence to inner margin; no spots at extremities of -

nervules.

Var. 6. Blackish edgings of apical patch and nervules more

strongly marked, the former broader; bases more broadly and

closely irrorated ; hind-marginal spots in hind-wing well-marked.

Unpersipz.—Nervules rayed with black for a little distance from

hind-margins; transverse row of spots blackish in fore-wing.

Var. ¢. Apical patch black, intersected by 6 outwardly-nar-

rowed white spots; basal irrorations broad and dark. Fore-1ving:

disco-cellular spot large; upper spot near anal angle merged in

apical black, which extends to anal angle. Hind-wing: hind-

marginal spots very large, black, and suffused, forming a band

interrupted by white in the folds between nervules. UNDERSIDE.

—Black markings very conspicuous ; extremities of nervules as

in var. $ just described, but more widely blackish.

This splendid Anthocharis differs from A. Jone, Godt.,—‘ die

schonste aller Pieriden,” as Hopffer enthusiastically terms it,*—in

the considerably greater width of the violet in the apical marking,

which is much more metallic in appearance, the most brilliant

blue sheen, in hue like the wings of Lycena Argiolus, Linn., ¢ ,

glittering over a ground-colour which in some lights is a dull

crimson-lake. The basal irrorations are also very much fainter

and less in extent, especially in hind-wing, where there is no

vestige of the clouding along submedian nervure always present

in Jone; and the hind-margin of hind-wing is very generally spot-

less, the nervures in this wing being white throughout, except as

above described. But the violet apical marking in the @ is the

most incontestable sign of its specific distinctness, that portion in

the 2 Jone being either orange, or black spotted with white or

yellowish. The under-surface of the g differs markedly from

that of the Natal variety of Jone, named 4. speciosa by Wallengren,

(Lep. Rhop. Caffr. p.16), to which all the Natalian specimens I have

seen must be referred, but more nearly resembles that of the typical

Tone figured in Peters’ ‘“ Reise nach Mossambique” (Taf. xxi.

f. 2), excepting in the presence of the disco-cellular dot in hind-

wing, which is not indicated in the figure or mentioned in the de-

scription. ‘The under-surface of the female is more like that of

Ione, but differs in the complete state of the transverse macular

band in hind-wing, and the very distinct yellow disco-cellular

* Peters’ ‘‘ Reise nach Mossambique,” p. 357. (Vol. Ins. und Myriap.)

VOL. I. THIRD SERIES, PART VI.-—MAY, 18063. NN

9) Mr, R. Trimen’s Descriptions of

spot in this wing. ‘The species, as a rule, attains a larger size

than 4. Jone, no specimen of the latter that I have seen expanding

more than 23 inches.

I am enabled to speak with confidence concerning this species,

no less than sixty-seven examples having been brought from the

interior by Mr. John A. Bell on his return from a recent trip to

Lake Ngami vid Walwich Bay. Mr. Bell informs that the spe-

cies was most abundant on the Botletle, one of the chief streams

of the river system of the Great Lake. Specimens have been

taken much nearer the coast by Mr. Hutchinson and (I believe)

by Mr. Andersson. Only single specimens of each of the varieties

above characterised were in Mr. Bell’s collection.

2, Anthocharis Phenon.

‘Exp. 1 in. 6 lin.

g. Pure white, with very large, dull purplish-crimson, faintly

violet-glossed apical patch. ore-nwing: apical patch covering

nearly half the surface, its inner edging of black well-defined,

reaching from about middle of costa to anal angle, outer edging

very narrow, rather deeply radiating on the nervules, which divide

the crimson into eight bars; intersecting apical patch, but much

nearer its inner than its outer edge, a blackish streak from costa,

inwardly angulated on Ist median nervule, and joining interior

black edging on 2nd median nervule, forming with the latter (in

one specimen) a suffused, ill-defined spot; base and costa nar-

rowly irrorated with greyish ; a blackish disco-cellular dot. Hind-

ming: greyish basal irroration extending a little along sub-median

and median nervures; a thin blackish line bounding hind-margin

as far as 2nd sub-costal nervule; extremities of nervules clouded

blackish, more faintly so towards anal angle, the 3rd median

nervule and sub-median nervure being unmarked. Unprrsipr.—

Fore-ning : costa tinged with lemon-yellow; space between costal

and median nervures orange-yellow (paler towards base), abruptly

ending in a line with insertion of 1st sub-costal and 3rd median

nervules; disco-cellular dot more distinct; apical patch faintly

yellowish, the nervules crossing it yellow-ochreous, its inner

edging ochrey-reddish (suffused on median nervules), the inter-

secting streak brownish-fuscous; parallel to and near hind-

margin a yellow-ochreous line. Hind-wing: creamy; costa edged

with orange-yellow to beyond middle; nervules from middle and

hind-marginal line yellow-ochreous ; from costa, before and just

beyond middle respectively, two transverse streaks extend to near

anal angle, the inner grey and nearly straight, the outer irregular,

New Species of Anthocharis. 623

ochreous- brown ; between costal and sub-costal nervures a yellow-

ish tinge; disco-cellular fold bright yellow from base to closing

nervule; fold between median and sub-median nervures orange-

yellow to anal angle.

The only species of the genus to which 4. Phenon is allied

appears, from Boisduval’s description (Sp. Gen. p. 581), to be

A. Eulimene, Klug-Ehrenb., the under-surface being of very

similar character in both species. But the differences are striking

enough. Instead of a rosy-glossed fulvous patch of six divisions,

A. Phenon has a very large purplish-lake marking of no less than

eight divisions (rivalling 4. Danaé, Fab., in this respect); and in

the hind-wing we find in Phenon no disco-cellular dot. Beneath, the

colouring of the fore-wing appears very similar; but in the hind-

wing, with the exception of the clouded nervures, there can be

little resemblance, Hulimene showing ‘le méme dessin qu’en des-

sus,” while the strize of Phenon present an appearance unique, as

far as I have seen, in this genus. Nor must the intersecting streak

of the apical marking be forgotten, a peculiar character which no

other 6 of Anthocharis possesses.*

Two specimens of this highly interesting and very beautiful

insect were brought from Damara Land by Mr. Andersson, on his

last visit to Cape Town, in 1862. I am in hopes of beholding

examples of the female in the next collection Mr. Andersson suc-

ceeds in bringing down in safety.

8. Anthocharis Eosphorus.

Exp. 1 in. 6 lin.—1 in. 10 lin.

White, with rather small, ochrey-yellow, apical patch. ore-

ming: no disco-cellular spot; the whole surface sprinkled with

minute blackish atoms, most thickly near base; an ill-defined

blackish internal edging, broadest near costa, to apical patch,

which is not divided by clouded nervules as in most species, and

is more or less faintly clouded with browninsh externally ; median

nervules and sub-median nervure rarely blackish. Hind-wing :

dusted with dark atoms, chiefly from base along median and

sub-median nervures ; spotless. UnpersipE. — White, spot-

less, not irrorated. Jore-wing: apical patch faintly discerni-

ble by an ochrey shade. Hind-wing: faintly tinted with pale-

yellowish; costa edged with yellow for a little distance from

base.

* The apical portion of the fore-wing is unusually prominent for an Antho-

charis, and the anal-angular region of hind-wing slightly so, the whole outline

resembling that of the group of Pieris to which P. Nero, Fab., belongs.

524 Mr. R. Trimen’s Descriptions of

The specimens before me having been pressed in a book, it is

difficult to ascertain their sex. Some specimens, larger than the

others, and with the inner edging of apical marking more strongly

marked, may be females. An individual in Mr. Andersson’s Col-

lection (to which I have not access at present), I find from my

notes to be ‘dusted with grey beneath, over apical region of

fore-wing and whole of hind-wing.”

I know of no species of Anthocharis which Eosphorus can be

said to resemble, the only species whose apical marking ap-

proaches its own in colour being 4. Eris, Klug-Ehrenb., but the

purple gloss, and dark borderings and crossing nervules of the

latter’s marking give it a totally different aspect. In other respects

the species strikingly differ. The wings of Hosphorus are exceed-

ingly delicate in texture, the fore-wings rather markedly elongate

but without any elbowing of hind-margin.

Besides Mr. adlenescis specimen above mentioned, I have

examined seventeen examples in Mr. J. A. Bell’s Collection, all

from Damara Land, but have heard nothing of the habits of the

species.

Genus Pats (Hiibn.), Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. B. M., pt. i. p. 62.

1. Pais pulchra.

Exp. 1 in. 7 lin—1 in. 10 lin.

Fore-wing: Pale creamy; costa edged blackish to beyond mid-

dle; from base, between median and sub-median nervures, a fer-

ruginous-red, longitudinal streak, abruptly ending before middle ;

a transverse stripe of the same colour, bi-angulated, not far from

hind-margin, quite across wing, almost immediately preceded by

a black line parallel to it; three black transverse strize near base,

the first not passing median nervure, the other two parallel,

sinuous, reaching inner margin; three conspicuous stigmata (like

those of most Noctue in position and shape), composed of black

rings, enclosing a steely-centred spot of the ground colour, the

two first rounded, contiguous, connecting costal blackish and

extremity of longitudinal red stripe—the outer reniform, elongate,

touching costal blackish stripe at one extremity and second angle of

transverse black line at the other; hind-margin edged with black,

from which extend short, straight, well-defined black lines be-

tween nervules to transverse red stripe. Hind-wing: ochreous-

orange; a large fuscous lunule at extremity of discoidal cell;

hind-margin with a black edging, united to an inner, parallel,

blackish stripe by blackish lines between nervules. UnprrsipE.—

New Species of Pais. 525

Pale ochreous: hind-wing orange-flushed, except on hind-margin:

stigmata and lunule wholly black, conspicuous. Fore-wing: no

ferruginous-red streaks ; the black lines from hind-marginal edg-

ing extending to transverse black line, which is more suffused and

much less angulated than above. Hind-ning: no blackish lines

from hind-marginal edge, which is narrower, to inner blackish

stripe, which is broader and darker than above.

Palpi yellow beneath, black above, terminal joint wholly black ;

two creamy spots on front of head; antennze wanting ; markings

of thorax defaced; abdomen orange-ochreous, striped with black

above, paler on the sides, with a row of black spots, beneath

whitish, with two rows of black spots.

Described from a single @ specimen, whose body has been

much injured by pressure in a book. A much worn and tattered

é example appears to present no difference of marking.

This fine and richly-coloured addition to the genus Pais,

hitherto represented only by a single South African species, was

taken by Mr. J. A. Bell, in Damara Land. It differs so widely

from P. decora, Linn., that it is scarcely necessary to point out

the distinctions between the species; but it is most interesting to

observe the same general pattern and almost the same colours in

both. The creamy, steely-centred stigmata of the fore-wing , and

the ochrey-orange ground colour of the hind-wing, both of which

are ferruginous-red in P. decora, at once suffice to distinguish P.

pulchra from its congener, The above two specimens were all

that Mr. Bell’s Collection contained, but I understood him to say

that the insect was not uncommon in some parts of Damara Land.

VOL. I. THIRD SERIES, PART vi1.—ocT. 1863. 00

526. Mr. Francis P. Pascoe’s (Votes on

XLV. Notes on the Australian Longicornia, with De-

scriptions of sixty New Species. By Francis P.

Pascog, Esq., F.L.S., V.-P. Ent. Soc., &c.

[Read 6th July, 1863.]

In an extensive collection of Australian Longicornia that I re-

cently received from William Macleay, Esq., M.L.A., of Sydney,

I found about thirty species quite new to me. Previously I had

obtained from Mr. Stevens a number of undescribed species that

had formed portion of a collection made by Mr. Damel in various

parts of Australia. These, with a few others from various sources,

are the materials from which the following descriptions are made.

The whole of the species here described are, with very few

exceptions, quite distinct from any hitherto known to me; and

these exceptions refer almost entirely to the genera Symphyletes

and Hesthesis. In both of these there are some forms that at the

first glance do seem as if they were only varieties, but, on ex-

amination, afford strong grounds for specific distinction, and it is

in reference to these that I think it will be desirable to examine

a large series of specimens before we can be quite sure that the

characters on which they are based as species are permanent.

I am very confident that entomologists do not take into suffi-

cient consideration the variation that often occurs in species.

There is an innate tendency in many species to vary infinitely,

while others, under all circumstances, are almost immutable.

Many of our domestic animals may be cited as examples of ~

both cases. In the British Museum may be seen a series of

an Australian Longicorn—Brachytria gulosa—almost any two

of which, taken without the others, would certainly be considered

distinct by the ordinary observer. Zygrita diva is another

Australian Longicorn, of which probably two individuals will rarely

be found alike. As a general rule, however, the great mass of

species appears to vary but little; but in the Longicornia an

exception must be made as to size, and the length of the an-

tenne.

In Mr. Damel’s collection there was a Leptura, nearly allied to

the Australian Longicornia. 527

I. sex-maculata. As the genus is quite unknown in Australia,

and the specimen was pinned through the /eft elytron, it was pro-

bably there by accident.

Genus HesBecerus.

1. Hebecerus niphonoides.

H. piceus, pube grisea fuscaque varius; prothorace tumido,

linea mediana, nigra, punctata; elytris basi fasciculis duobus

nigris ; antennis fuscis, griseo-annulatis.

Port Denison.

Pitchy, covered with a rather coarse greyish pile, varied prin-

cipally with brown; head concave between the antennz, without

an impressed line; antennze ciliated beneath, dark brown, the

lower part of the third and following joints greyish; prothorax

very convex, a black punctured line in the middle, and a large

dark patch on each side; scutellum rounded behind, a black

lozenge-shaped spot in its middle; elytra coarsely punctured,

irregular at the base, each with two short coste, terminated in a

small fascicle of black hairs, costze and corresponding lines along

the elytra yellowish-grey, with indistinct brown spots, especially

at the sides, posteriorly on the declivity towards the apex another

fascicle ; body beneath and legs covered with an ashy-grey pile,

speckled with brown, two brown rings on the tibize.

Length 5 lines.

A very distinct species readily to be distinguished by almost

any one of the characters given above. It may be remarked here,

that some of the species of this genus vary considerably. This is

especially the case with Hebecerus marginicollis, Boisd., which is

sometimes of a pale reddish-brown, instead of dark-brown or

black, its normal colour; then the antenne vary in length, thick-

ness, amount of ciliation, and are either annulated with ashy or

uniformly brown; the broad stripe on each side of the prothorax

is narrowed, confined to the posterior part, or absent altogether.

I suspect Hebecerus lineola, Newm., is one of its forms.

2. Hebecerus sordidus.

H. fuscus, fulvescente pubescens ; prothorace linea mediana

nigra, nitida; elytris fortiter punctatis, basi costis duabus

brevibus ; antennis griseis.

Clarence River.

Brown or greenish-brown, covered with a greyish-yellow, almost

golden pile; head with an impressed line between the antenne ;

002

528 Mr; Francis P. Pascoe’s Notes on

prothorax irregular, tuberous on each side the disc, with a smooth

elevated black lime in the centre, which shortly bifurcates poste-

riorly; scutellum transverse, rounded behind; elytra strongly

punctured, two obscure costz on each, the inner near the base

with a small tuft of hair; beyond this the costz, including two

given off from the shoulder, are nearly obsolete, until at the de-

clivity towards the apex the inner two become prominent ; body

beneath and legs greyish-fulvous, speckled with brown; antennz

fulvous, slender, slightly ciliated beneath.

Length 6 lines.

The pile on this insect under a lens seems of a golden hue, but

seen in conjunction with the dull brown derm beneath it, the tone

is very much sobered down. It is a very distinct species.

3. Hebecerus confertus.

H. niger, pube griseo-cinerea, nigro-setosus ; prothoracis disco

bicalloso; elytris irregularibus, plaga magna nigra albo-lim-

bata pone medium; antennarum articulis septem ultimis

duobus praecedentibus brevioribus.

Sydney.

Black, covered with a fine greyish-ashy pile, and with slender

black setose hairs ; head without an impressed line in front; an-

tenne brownish, the last seven joints together shorter than the

preceding two; prothorax remotely punctured, a small but very

distinct callosity on each side of the disc, behind and between

these the prothorax is minutely corrugated: scutellum rounded

behind, covered with a dense whitish tomentum; elytra coarsely

punctured, somewhat hollowed out inside the shoulder and round

the scutellar region, and again hollowed out in a longitudinal form

posteriorly midway between the side and the suture, the edges of

the hollow forming a kind of costa on each side, the outer of

which is continued back to the shoulder ; behind the middle a

large, nearly transverse black patch, indistinctly bordered with

white ; body beneath and legs with a rough, greyish pile.

Length 4 lines.

Also very distinct: the surface of the elytra more irregular than

in any other species; and the terminal joints of the antennz more

crowded than usual, It serves to show, once more, how uncertain

are technical characters, and that in the descriptions of genera it

is necessary to take into consideration details which it is scarcely

possible to record, that in Hebecerus plumula the third antennal

joint is scarcely longer than, or at most about half as long agaia

as, the second, while it is about ten times longer in the species

the Australian Longicornia. 529

just described. In other respects it is a true Hebecerus, and,

therefore, in a generic description of the antennee we should not

be able to get beyond a very vague generalization.

Genus ExocEentTRUs.

1. Exocentrus erineus.

E, fuscus, nigro-setosus; prothorace transverso, griseo-pubes-

cente, antice posticeque rufo-marginato ; elytris seriato-

punctatis, plagis duabus griseis; antennis pedibusque fuscis.

Port Denison.

Dark-brown, pubescent, everywhere with long, black, setaceous

hairs ; head with an impressed line on the vertex; eyes large, ap-

proximating above; antenne dark brown, longer than the body,

very setose ; prothorax transverse, with a spine at the side a little

behind the middle, and directed backwards at a sharp angle, the

disc entire, covered with a sparse greyish pubescence, the anterior

and posterior margins dull red; scutellum semilunar; elytra much

broader than the base of the prothorax, seriate-punctate, the

punctures less regular towards the apex, a large greyish patch on

the middle, and another near the apex of each, but both indistinct ;

body beneath and legs brown, with a short greyish pubescence.

Length 2} lines.

The genus Lzocentrus is found in all parts of the world, but

this is the first time that it has been recorded from Australia.

The present species has more the outline of the European Exo-

centrus balteatus than of either of the two Aru Lzocentri to which it

might be expected to be more nearly allied, but it is much darker,

and more setose. I have another species, apparently of this

genus, from King George’s Sound, but in too bad a state to be:

described.

Genus Nirnona.

1. Niphona miscella.

N. nigro-setosa, pube grisea fuscaque varia; prothorace for-

titer punctato, medio subcarinato ; scutello griseo.

Port Denison.

Black, closely covered with a greyish pile, varied with brown

of two or three shades, with scattered black setaceous hairs inter-

mixed ; head greyish-brown, with a slightly impressed line on the

vertex; antenne shorter than the body, slightly pilose, dark

brown, spotted with grey ; prothorax obscurely varied with dark

brown and grey, with a few coarse punctures, and a slightly

530 Mr. Francis P. Pascoe’s Notes on

elevated carina or crest in the mesial line of the disc; scutellum

transverse, greyish; elytra remotely punctured, slightly concave

towards the base, which is marked with a very slight, almost ob-

solete ridge, the apex rounded, a large oblique whitish-grey patch

behind the middle, not meeting at the suture, and bordered with

darker brown than the rest of the elytron; body beneath with a

sparse yellowish-grey pile; legs with a varied brown and greyish

pubescence, mixed with long white hairs.

Length 4 lines.

This Niphona will be readily distinguished from the other

Australian species by its prothorax.

2. Niphona oblita.

N. nigro-setosa, pube ochracea grisea fuscaque varia; protho-

race modice punctato, medio simpliciter convexo; scutello

nigro.

New South Wales.

Black, closely covered with a brown pile, varied with ochra-

ceous and a little grey, mingled with a few black setaceous hairs ;

head with an impressed line between the antennze, not on the

vertex ; antenne varied with brown and grey; prothorax regu-

larly convex, a brown, nearly naked mesial stripe with small

punctures, on each side two ochraceous stripes, between which is

a grey stripe spotted with black; scutellum transverse, entirely

black ; elytra coarsely punctured, simply convex at the base, the

apex truncate, or rather sub-sinuate, the outer angle slightly pro-

jecting, dark-brown, with little patches of ochraceous and grey,

the latter at the middle forming an oblique, indistinct patch; body

beneath. with a coarse, greyish pile; legs with a greyish-mottled

pubescence, the tarsi nearly black.

Length 4 lines.

Has a general resemblance to the last species, but the prothorax

is without the crest, and the greyish elytral patech—which is so

general in one form or another in this genus—is more central.

The other two Australian species (N. Bakewellii and N. irata)

may be distinguished, inter alia, by having no stripes on the

prothorax.

Genus SYMPHYLETES.

1. Symphyletes heros.

S. niger, subnitidus, vix pubescens; prothorace amplo, trans-

the Australian Longicornia. 531

versim plicato; elytris:subtrigonatis, apice sinuato-truncatis,

lateribus maculis duabus magnis albo-pubescentibus.

Interior of Northern Australia.

Black, slightly nitid, with a few exceedingly delicate scattered

white hairs; head remotely punctured, with a deeply impressed

line in front; lip, epistome and palpi dark ferruginous; antennz

strongly fimbriated beneath; prothorax full and rounded at the

sides, somewhat abruptly constricted in front, the dise transversely

impressed with waved lines, two slight tubercles in the middle

and another strongly marked at the side anteriorly; scutellum

scutiform ; elytra subtrigonate, the shoulders produced, two very

slightly marked ridges at the base, where it is also more coarsely

punctured, the apex sinuately truncate, the side with two very

large pure white hairy patches of irregular figure; body beneath

black, shining, each abdominal segment bordered with closely set

white hairs; legs black, subnitid, anterior coxe in the male with

a short incurved spine.

Length 14 lines.

A noble and very distinct species, approaching in coloration

Rhytiphora cretata, Pasc. Rhytiphora, Newm., may be dis-

tinguished from Symphyletes by its shorter and more compact

form, more transverse prothorax with nearly parallel sides, and

larger head, especially manifested in the strongly developed vertex,

which has the effect of throwing the eyes far below the level

of the upper line of the prothorax. Symphyletes is masculine

(Zupdvdérne) and not feminine, as Mr. Newman and others make it.

2. Symphyletes fulvescens.

S. fulvescente-pubescens, ochraceo varius; elytris subcylin-

dricis, non tuberculatis, apice emarginatis.

Port Denison.

Somewhat narrow, covered with a short, dense, rich fulvous

pile, varied with ochraceous; head rather broad and convex in

front, the eyes small; antenne slightly ciliated, spotted at the

base with ochraceous; prothorax scarcely narrower anteriorly,

the tooth at the side well marked, the dise irregular, with two

small tubercles; scutellum subquadrate ; elytra somewhat cylin-

drical, without tubercles, the apex of each slightly emarginate,

the ochraceous markings consisting principally of a patch at the

side, an oblique band commencing at the suture behind the middle

and continued downwards and outwards, another on each side the

a2 Mr. Francis P. Pascoe’s Notes on

scutellum, and a few spots posteriorly; body beneath and legs

covered with a close, ochraceous pile.

Length 8 lines.

A very distinct species, especially in the absence of tubercles

on the elytra, and in the colour.

3. Symphyletes decipiens.

S. griseo-viridis; prothorace cylindrico, leviter corrugato ;

elytris extus albo-marginatis, apice anguste rotundatis.

Adelaide. .

Greyish green, covered with a very delicate grey pubescence ;

head greyish white, with a small dark triangular spot behind

each eye; antenne luteous, with a thin grey pile; prothorax

equal in length and breadth, sparingly punctured and very slightly

corrugated in the middle, greyish green, varied with pale ochre ;

scutellum slightly transverse, rounded behind; elytra somewhat

sinuate at the base, a little incurved behind the shoulder, then

gradually tapering posteriorly, each ending in a very narrow and

rounded apex, a pale ochreous patch on each side the scutellum,

with a few small spots of the same colour on the disc, a few al-

most obsolete tubercles at the base, and a broad pure white stripe

along the exterior margin; body beneath greyish, obscurely

speckled with dark brown; legs with a tolerably copious greyish

pubescence.

Length 7 lines.

Nearly allied to Symphyletes nigro-virens, Don., which, however,

has a smoother and more transverse prothorax, contracted poste-

riorly, thicker and more pilose antennz, and the elytra broader

towards the apex, which is slightly truncate, presenting an angle

externally. There are also striking differences in colour, which,

as it is subject to vary to a certain extent, it is not necessary to

specify.

4, Symphyletes derasus.

S. flavo-castaneus, nitidus; elytris subtrigonatis, granuliferis,

apice truncatis, linea laterali dense albo-pubescente.

New South Wales.

Yellowish-chesnut, shining, the upper surface almost without

pubescence ; head rather broad, with a shaggy greyish pile in

front, the eyes small, black; antennz ciliated beneath, otherwise

nearly naked ; prothorax nearly cylindrical, the lateral tooth ob-

solete, the disc somewhat corrugated, with fine punctures and

about six almost obsolete concolorous tubercles; scutellum trans-

the Australian Longicornia. 533

verse, with a round, raised border posteriorly ; elytra subtrigo-

nate, sparingly punctured, with numerous concolorous tubercles

on the disc, the apex truncate, a band of pure-white, densely set,

short hairs along the side from the shoulder to near the apex ;

body beneath with a sparse greyish pile; legs nearly free from

hairs, except a few at the base of the tibize and on the tarsi.

Length 8 lines.

I was at first inclined to consider this as only a very remark-

able local variety of Symphyletes viridis, Don., a variety altered in

colour, with the pubescence reduced to a minimum, the latter

possibly from the age of the specimens. But the compact, pure

white stripe of silky pile along the sides of the elytra seems to

show that this is not the case, but that nudity is the normal con-

dition. On a close examination there are also many points of

difference which leave no doubt of its distinctness, as for instance,

the more irregular prothorax, the form of the scutellum, and the

truneate apices of the elytra. The male has a short spine on the

anterior coxe.

5. Symphyletes farinosus.

S. pubescens, griseus, albo fuscoque varius, et maculis fulvis

dispersus; elytris basi tuberculis minutis sparsis, humeris

callosis, apice truncatis; abdominis segmentis griseis, fulvo-

marginatis.

Sydney.

Closely covered with a greyish pile, varied with white and dark

brown, and banded or speckled with ochre-yellow ; head yellow-

ish, with two white longitudinal lines between the eyes, an im-

pressed black line on the vertex ; antennz rather longer than the

body, ciliated, grey, with paler spots; prothorax transverse, ob-

scurely corrugated, without tubercles, and perfectly covered by

the pubescence ; scutellum broadly rounded posteriorly ; elytra

callous and projecting at the shoulder, incurved behind it, then

slightly rounded, the apex truncate, near the scutellum the white

predominates, taking a somewhat triangular shape, this is followed

by more or less brown, the brown again predominating as an

oblique band behind the middle, but bordering it anteriorly, the

whole apical portion and a patch behind the shoulder are princi-

pally white; over all are spots of yellow, and smaller spots of

black, these latter are owing to flattish granules at the base, and

beyond it to the derm seen through the thinner pubescence at

those points; body beneath greyish, the pectus and margins of

534 Mr. Francis P. Paccoess Votes on

the abdominal segments ochre-yellow; legs greyish, tinged with

yellow on the tarsi, the femora and tibiz spotted with yellow.

Length 10 lines.

A beautiful and very distinct species.

6. Symphyletes neglectus.

S. dense cinerascente-pubescens, maculis ochraceis irroratus ;

prothorace lateribus antice dentato ; elytris basi tuberculatis,

maculis nigris nitidis adspersis, apice oblique sinuatis, bi-

spinosis.

Sydney.

Covered with a close, pale ashy pubescence, slightly varied

with darker and speckled with light ochre-yellow ; head whitish,

with ochre spots, and long white hairs on the face; lip and palpi

ferruginous; mandibles black; antennz ciliated beneath, the

basal joints with a few long white hairs ; prothorax a little shorter

than broad, nearly smooth above, a short black tooth at the side

anteriorly ; scutellum rounded behind; elytra gradually narrow-

ing from the shoulders, which are rounded and prominent, the

apex of each obliquely sinuate and armed with two rather distant

spines, the base with several small black tubercles which gradu-

ally diminish posteriorly, and are replaced by naked glossy black

spots (the derm), the darker shades are so arranged as to throw

the ashy portions into three or four large but very indistinct patches

on each elytron; body beneath greyish, the abdominal segments

bordered with yellowish silky hairs, sides of the metasternum

spotted with ochre; legs ferruginous brown, with long hairs and

little belts of greyish pile; anterior coxz of the males with a

strong recurved spine; fore-tibize in the same sex with a tooth on

the middle beneath.

Length 9 lines.

This is the only Australian Symphyletes that I have seen which

has a toothed protibia in the male. How far such a character is to

be depended on is a question to be solved. This and the four fol-

lowing species belong to a group which is characterized by its grey

or ashy colour, or both, more or less speckled with ochre-yellow.

The elytra also are marked with small impressed spots, irregu-

larly dispersed ; in these the pubescence is wanting, so that the

black derm becomes apparent. At the base of each spot a single

short whitish hair is often visible, and this with the aid of an

ordinary glass is seen to be considerably thicker than the rest. In

this complicated system of coloration, there are, first, the black,

the Australian Longicornia. 535

shining derm, visible wherever the pubescence is thin or wanting;

secondly, the ochre-yellow spots en a grey or ashy ground, or

both, the yellow portion being frequently more raised than the

rest, while the ashy or sometimes nearly white part forms a band

near the middle, or has a certain tendency to do so, and also a

patch at the side before the band ; and thirdly, a number of small

shining granular tubercles, nearly always confined to the base,

and disposed either irregularly or in three rows. It is to be

hoped that this explanation will facilitate the comprehension of

these descriptions, as the group is an exceedingly difficult one to

portray.

7. Symphyletes solutus.

S. dense cinereo-albo-pubescens, maculis pallide ochraceis

irroratus; prothorace subtransverso, lateribus haud dentato ;

elytris basi vix tuberculatis, apice oblique sinuatis, bispinosis.

Port Denison.

Covered with a close ashy-white pubescence, varied with a

darker ashy and speckled with light ochre; head whitish, with

ochre markings on the vertex, and white hairs on the face; an-

tennze ciliated beneath, with long white hairs at the base; pro-

thorax shorter than broad, corrugated above and particularly

towards the sides, one of the anterior folds forming a slight pro-

jection at the side, but no tooth; scutellum somewhat triangular,

the sides rounded; elytra broadest at the shoulder, narrowing

posteriorly, the apex of each very hairy and obliquely sinuate

with two small spines, the base with a few very small tubercles,

which are nearly enveloped in the pubescence, and several black,

impressed spots along the side, there are also about three very

indistinct paler patches on the side of each, nearly in the middle ;

abdomen silvery-grey, the segments bordered at the side with

pale yellow; sides of the metasternum with ochre spots; legs fer-

ruginous brown, with long hairs and little belts of greyish pile.

Length 9 lines.

It will be seen from the description, that in many respects this

species resembles the last. It differs, however, not only in its

lighter colour, but in the more transverse and corrugated pro-

thorax, and in the more triangular form of the scutellum, and the

smaller tubercles on the elytra, which are scarcely perceptible

without the aid of a good lens. The lower portion of the eye,

also, is much smaller and more widely separated from its fellow.

536 Mr. Francis P. Pascoe’s Notes on

8. Symphyletes moratus.

S. cinereo-pubescens, maculis pallide ochraceis dispersus ; pro-

thorace transverso, inzequali, subtuberculato; elytris apice

sinuato-truncatis, haud spinosis, ad basin pauci-tuberculatis,

pone medium fascia cinerea.

Port Denison.

Covered with a pale ashy pubescence, the black derm showing

underneath at intervals, and sprinkled with light ochre ; head ob-

scurely spotted with ochre; antennz ciliated beneath, greyish,

spotted with ashy; prothorax broader than long, obsoletely bitu-

berculate, the sides not toothed, indistinctly spotted with ochre ;

scutellum rounded behind ; elytra narrowing from the shoulder, the

apex of each sinuately truncate, without spines, a broad very pale

ashy band below the middle, its anterior border very indistinct,

its posterior marked by a dark irregular line, the side with a

large patch of the same colour, the base with a few distant but

prominent tubercles, one of which is situated on the shoulder ;

body beneath ashy, varied with ochre, especially on the abdomen;

legs ashy, speckled with ochre and dark brown.

Length 11 lines.

Near Symphyletes vetustus, Pasc., but paler, less pubescent, the

prothorax scarcely tuberculate, the band on the elytra broader,

less irregular, and more indeterminate.

9. Symphyletes munitus.

S. griseo-pubescens, maculis ochraceis notatus vel reticulatus ;

prothorace leviter inzequali, antice constricto, disco sub-bituber-

culato; elytris apice subrotundatis, ad basin tuberculis serie-

bus tribus dispositis, pone medium fascia indistincta pal-

lidiore. —

Clarence River.

Covered with a loose greyish pubescence, spotted with ochre,

the spots coalescing at intervals so as to give a sort of reticulated

appearance ; head varied with grey and yellow, the latter predo-

minating; antennee greyish yellow, ciliated beneath ; prothorax

about equal in length and breadth, contracted anteriorly, obscurely

bituberculate, the side not toothed, varied with grey and ochre;

scutellum rather narrow, rounded posteriorly ; elytra gradually

narrowing, the apex rounded and pilose, the base with three rows

of tubercles, the outer composed of four tubercles, one of which

is situated on the shoulder, the second and third rows of five

each, an obscure greyish white band directly behind the middle,

the Australian Longicornia. 537

anteriorly very indefinite, posteriorly bordered by a dark zig-zag

line, the whole surface of the elytra marked with small black im-

pressed spots (the derm); body beneath greyish, tinged with

ochre ; legs spotted with grey and ochre; coxee of the males with

a recurved spine.

Length 10 lines.

Owing to the loose sparseness of the pubescence, the glossy derm

gives a slight appearance of varnish to the surface of this species,

a peculiarity which is also possessed by Symphyletes sodalis, Pasc.,

but from this it is distinguished by its longer prothorax, more con-

stricted anteriorly, and by the arrangement of its three rows of

tubercles, the innermost of which is nearly equidistant between

the suture and shoulder, while in S. sodalis it is almost close to

the suture.

10. Symphyletes ingestus.

S. griseo-pubescens, maculis ochraceis notatus; prothorace

leviter inzequali, subtuberculato, lateribus irregulariter ro-

tundato, antice constricto; elytris apice rotundatis, ad basin

pauci-tuberculatis, pone medium fascia cinerea distincta.

Sydney.

With a very short greyish pubescence varied with white and

speckled (or semi-reticulated) with pale ochre yellow ; head varied

with grey, ashy and dark brown, the latter principally on the

vertex; antennze ciliated beneath, grey speckled with ashy ;

prothorax rather transverse, slightly irregular, with two very

small almost obsolete tubercles onthe disc, the side unequally

rounded, confusedly spotted with ochre, ashy, and dark brown;

scutellum glossy black, the centre only pubescent ; elytra gradu-

ally receding from the shoulder, the apex rounded and densely

fringed with short hairs, the base of each with about half-a-dozen

tubercles, which are nearly confined to the region of the shoulder,

one of them being situated on it, behind the middle a tolerably

well defined whitish band, a whitish patch at the side between this

and the shoulder, and a few smaller patches on the suture and

near the apex; body beneath sprinkled with grey and ochre, the

abdominal segments bordered with ochre; legs dark brown, with

patches of ochre and grey ; anterior coxe of the males with a long

recurved spine.

Length 12 lines.

The more irregular prothorax, especially at the sides, the

538 Mr. Francis P. Pascoe’s Notes on

margined scutellum, and fewer basal tubercles on the elytra, are

characters that will serve to distinguish this species.

Genus RuytipHora.

1. Rhyliphora rubeta.

R. tenuiter pubescens, fusca, maculis pilosis rufo-luteis varia ;

scutello croceo-piloso ; elytrorum dimidio basali tuberculato.

Sydney.

Dark brown, covered witha short thick greyish-brown’ pile, and

spotted with reddish ; head with black scattered punctures, and a

line on the vertex and between the eyes, amid the short reddish

ochraceous pile; antennee rather longer than the body, ciliated

beneath, brown with obscure greyish rings or spots; prothorax ~

black, with a few ochraceous hairy spots, the sides nearly parallel, a

single transverse fold in the middle and several impressed marks

on the disc; scutellum slightly transverse, rounded behind; elytra

callous and projecting at the shoulder, a little incurved at the side,

then gradually rounded to the apex, several black, shining

granules on the basal third, the reddish spots numerous and at the

side sometimes confluent; body beneath chesnut red, with a dull

greyish pile ; legs obscurely spotted with reddish and brown.

Length 9 lines. =

A species very distinct from any other known to me.

GenusPENTHEA.

1. Penthea solida.

P. fusca, pube cinerea brevissima tecta, maculis variis albis

ornata; prothorace tuberculis tribus minutis instructo;

elytris lineis duabus elevatis.

Clarence River.

Dark brown, covered witha very short greyish pile, with nume-

rous small, variously formed, white spots, especially on the elytra;

head rather large, an impresssed line and a few shallow punctures

on the vertex, between the eyes and in front several white spots ;

antennz with all the joints except the basal banded with white

at the base; prothorax transversely rugose, with three small but

sharply prominent tubercles on each side; scutellum rounded

posteriorly ; elytra broadest at the shoulders, with a few shallow

punctures only at the base (where there are also a few small

tubercles) and sides, and two elevated uninterrupted lines on each,

that are gradually lost posteriorly ; body beneath covered with a

the Australian Longicornia. 539

coarsish white pile, spotted irregularly with biack ; femora covered

with a white pile, except at the apex; tibize black, with a white

band in the middle ; tarsi white, the last joint and claws black.

Length 13 lines.

This species differs in very few points from Penthea vermicularia,

Don., and is perhaps only a local variety. The three small but

sharply prominent tubercles on the side of the prothorax, how-

ever, and the continuous lines on the elytra not broken by the pre-

sence of tubercles, which seem to make up those lines on P. vermi-

cularia, are sufficiently distinctive to warrant its separation.

2. Penthea costata.

P. picea, fere glabra; prothorace transversim rugoso; elytris

fortiter bicostatis, interspatiis et margine laterali pube alba

griseo-varia.

Sydney.

Pitchy, nearly glabrous, except on the middle and sides of the

elytra, and beneath; head with an impressed line on the vertex,

and a slightly raised line on each side of it, a few small punctures

principally in front; antenne pitchy, the third and some of the

succeeding joints faintly tinged with white; prothorax transversely

rugose, the sides feebly tuberculate ; scutellum scutiform; elytra

broadest at the shoulder, then slightly incurved, and again becom-

ing nearly as broad as at the base, the surface undulating and

marked, particularly at the base, with tubercles and punctures,

two very strong coste on each, the spaces between them and on

each side, the suture posteriorly and the external margin, with a

short silvery white pile, mottled with greyish; body beneath and ~

legs pitchy, speckled with white hairy patches.

Length 11 lines.

I have seen only one specimen of this species. The peculiarly

glabrous condition of the upper surface, it may be suspected, may

be due to abrasion. From the similarity of the pattern on both

sides I think not. In any case it is a very distinct species.

8. Penthea pullina.

P. ferruginea, vel rufo-fusca, pube grisea, fulvo-varia; pro-

thorace medio vix rugoso; clyttis bicostatis, costis tuber-

culato-interruptis.

Western Australia.

Ferruginous, sometimes very dark or nearly brown, with a thin

apparently very deciduous pubescence, principally on the elytra,

540 Mr. Francis P.- Pascoe’s Notes on

which are mottled with ashy and yellowish, and spotted with

brown; head with a narrow, impressed line on the vertex ;

antenne from the third to the seventh joints inclusive with the

basal half white; prothorax somewhat irregular, with a few im-

pressed points; scutellum rounded posteriorly; elytra nearly

parallel, each with two prominent coste, which are marked at

intervals by coarse tubercles, the base with a very few punctures,

and scarcely any tubercles; body beneath and legs covered with

a pure white pile, speckled with ferruginous.

Length 6 lines.

One of my specimens of this species is nearly glabrous, and the

colour appears to vary. Itis a well marked species.

4. Penthea scenica.

P. dense pubescens, rubra, albo-plagiata, et nigro-maculata ;

prothorace haud rugoso, latere tuberculis duobus elongatis

instructo ; elytris sub-costatis.

Port Denison.

Covered with a close-set, brick-red pile, varied with large white

patches and spotted with black; head with an impressed line on

the vertex ; antennz with the first two joints white, the rest black,

with the apex and base of each only white, except the last, which

is black at the apex; prothorax not rugose, two prominent

tubercles at the side, one above the other, and one or two smaller

ones behind them; scutellum transverse, rounded behind; elytra

nearly parallel, two scarcely projecting costze on each ; the white

patches are disposed thus—three common to both elytra, one

scutellar, one behind this near the centre, the third towards the

apex, and two proper to each, both at the side, but the posterior

largest and extending obliquely upwards; the black spots are

round, numerous and well defined, and besides these are many

minute punctures in the substance of the elytra; body beneath

and legs covered with a pale yellowish pile, mottled with fulvous. °

Length 7 lines.

In colour this species slightly approaches Penthea pardalis,

Newm., but is in all respects so very distinct as not to require a

comparison.

5. Penthea miliaris.

P. angustior, dense pubescens, ochracea, nigro-maculata; pro-

the Australian Longicornia. 541

thorace haud rugoso, latere tuberculis duobus elongatis

instructo, elytris vix costatis.

Port Denison.

Narrower than the last, and differing in other respects; in the

ochraceous colour, with a few paler spots, in the absence of the

white patches on the elytra, the absence, or nearly so, of punctures,

the slight or almost obsolete costz, and the smaller, nearly tri-

angular scutellum.

Length 6 lines.

Genus ZyGocrRA.

1. Zygocera lugubris.

Z. nigra, pube nigra cinereaque tecta; prothorace lateribus

conico, disco mutico ; elytris oblongis, bi-apiculatis, basi uni-

tuberculatis, nigris, medio apiceque cinereis nigro-maculatis.

New South Wales.

Black, with a short black pile varied with ashy ; head ashy, with

black stripes in front and at the sides; antenne black, the third

and intermediate joints slightly ashy at the base; prothorax

conical at the side, a deeply impressed line near the posterior

margin, and another less marked anteriorly, the disc not tuberous

and very obscurely marked with ashy; scutellum rounded behind,

black, bordered with white; elytra much broader than the prothorax

at the base, with a single tubercle and an elevated line on each,

the sides slightly rounded, the apex with a small spine at the

suture, and a large one externally, the basal portion and an irregu-

lar patch behind the middle black, the rest dull ashy, with black

spots; body beneath glossy black, the pectus varied with ashy,

and an ashy patch containing a single spot on each side of the

four basal segments of the abdomen; legs black, obscurely ringed

with ashy ; tarsi ashy, with the last two joints and claws black.

Length 5—6 lines.

Every one of the species of this genus, except Zygocera cenosa,

which. is unknown to me, is very distinct, and there would be no

difficulty in finding characters that would apparently justify

raising almost each of them to a separate genus. Still there are

certain similarities that appear to lead from one species to another,

although it must be admitted that it is scarcely satisfactory to

combine them all under one generic name, as I am disposed to do.

I believe Erichson (Wiegman’s Arch. 1842, p. 224) is the only

author who has described the genus Zygocera, the one under this

name characterized by Mr. James Thomson (Arch. Ent. i. p. 189)

VOL. I. THIRD SERIES, PART V11,—-ocT. 1863. PPP

542 Mr. Francis P. Pascoe’s Wotes on

being no other than the Callipyrga of Mr. Newman. The Zygo-

cera pallidicornis of the former author appears to be in fact the

Callipyrga turrita, Newm. M. Leon Fairmaire has described

another very distinct species from Chili.

2. Zygocera cuneata.

Z. fusca, pube cinerea tecta; prothorace lateribus conico, disco

mutico, nigro-fasciato; elytris subanguste trigonatis, bia-

piculatis, basi unituberosis, maculis fasciisque duabus nigris.

New South Wales.

Dark brown, with a yellowish ashy pile, varied with black bands

and spots ; head obscurely striped, a black impressed line on the

vertex ; antenne pitchy, with a thin greyish pubescence ; prothorax

conical at the sides, the disc not tuberous, an anterior impressed

line, and three interrupted nearly black bands; scutellum sub-

triangular, but rounded at the apex, covered with greyish hairs ;

elytra narrowly trigonate, with an elevated tuber at the base and

a slightly raised line on each, the apex bispinous, the apical two-

thirds ashy, without the yellow tint ; two irregular bands not meet-

ing at the suture, one nearly in the middle, the other behind it, and

a few spots principally at the base, black ; body beneath glossy

black, the pectus irregular, pubescent, a greyish hairy patch on

each side of the four basal segments of the abdomen; legs dark

brown, the base of the posterior femora and the tibiz obscurely

ashy, and the two basal joints of the tarsi ashy.

Length 5 lines.

The nearest ally of this species is Zygocera pumila, from which,

however, it differs very decidedly in coloration and in the broader

and more conical form of the sides of the elytra.

3. Zygocera spiloptera.

Z. lutea, pube grisea tecta; prothorace lateribus dente minuto

instructo, disco mutico; elytris ovatis, basi simplicibus, apice

rotundatis, basi maculisque (una_majori postica) luteis.

Hunter’s River.

Yellowish-brown, approaching to ferruginous, with a scanty grey

pile ; head and antennz clothed with short grey hairs ; prothorax

with a small sharp tooth at the side, the disc not tuberculate,

marked with two or three obscure bands; scutellum rather trans-

verse, rounded posteriorly ; elytra slightly incurved behind the

shoulder, then very gradually rounded towards the apex which is

entire, the base not tuberculate, grey spotted with luteous, except

the Australian Longicornia. 543

the apical portion, which is luteous, partially spotted with grey, and

having at the side a large luteous patch, with one larger nearly

white spot and two or three smaller spots marked on it; body

beneath glossy luteous, the pectus somewhat pubescent, with a

greyish patch enclosing a single shining spot on each side of the

four basal abdominal segments ; legs sparsely pilose.

Length 4—5 lines.

This species has a small, abrupt tooth at the side of its

prothorax, which, however, has otherwise quite the character

of those in which the dise is not tuberculate. It also differs in the

rounded apex, and in the absence of the elevated line which runs

into the outermost of the two spines, which always occurs when

the apex is bispinous.

Genus Oricoprts.

Caput immersum, fronte quadrata. Oculi emarginati. An-

tenné mediocres, subapproximate, articulo basali subturbi-

nato, tertio quarto breviori, ceteris multo brevioribus.

Prothorax elevatus, bituberosus, lateribus dentatus. Elytra

tuberculifera. Pedes mediocres, femoribus clavatis. Pro-

sternum simplex. Mesosternum antice productum. Corpus

ovatum, rugosum.

It is with some hesitation that I have separated the species de-

scribed below from Zygocera, but there is such an amount of

variation in its aspect and characters as would, I believe, preclude

any one from searching for it in that genus. The characters,

however, considering how variable they are in Zygocera itself, are

but slight; the form of the basal joint of the antenne, and the

difference in the length of the third as compared with the fourth

joint (in direct opposition to the true Zygocere), being certainly

the principal.

1. Oricopis umbrosus. (Pl. XXIII. fig. 2.)

O. rufo-fusca, pube pallidiori tecta; prothoracis disco tuberibus

bifidis remotis; elytris tuberculorum lineis: duabus obliquis

instructis.

Port Denison.

Dark chocolate brown, covered, except on the tubercles, with a

paler pubescence; antennz scarcely longer than the body, slightly

ciliated beneath, the basal joint short, swelling out towards the

apex, the third much shorter than the fourth joint, each of the re-

mainder not half the length of the fourth ; prothorax rather broader

PP2

544. Mr. Francis P. Pascoe’s Notes on

than long, with a stout lateral tooth nearly in the middle, directly

above it a bifid tuber, which is thus placed at a distance from its

fellow, the space between them somewhat concave, except at the

base, where another small concavity is formed ; scutellum rounded

posteriorly ; elytra much broader than the prothorax at the base,

slightly rounded at the sides, the apex entire, from each shoulder

two oblique lines of tubercles, the inner of four, the outer of seven,

all very glossy, the intervals coarsely but sparingly punctured,

with a few smaller tubercles among them, at the sides the punc-

tures more crowded ; body beneath and legs with a sparse greyish

pile, more concentrated at the sides of the abdomen; femora

strongly clavate.

Length 6 lines.

Genus Tuyapa.

Caput immersum, pedunculis antennariis elevatis, contiguis.

Oculi emarginati. Antenne elongate, approximate, fim-

briatze, articulo basali cylindrico, tertio et quarto longissi-

mis, ceteris decrescentibus. Prothorax brevis, inaequalis,

Jateribus dentatus. lytra subcostata. Pedes validi, femora

clavata. Prosternum clavatum, antice bidentatum. Mesoster-

num antice declive. Corpus ovatum.

1. Thyada barbicornis. (Pl. XXII. fig. 4.)

The type of this genus is Zygocera barbicornis, Pasc., described

in our Transactions (N.s. vol. v. p. 34), and there doubtfully re-

ferred to Zygocera. The extraordinary bearding of the antenne,

however, gives it a very peculiar aspect, and the form of the

pro- and meso-sterna is different from the more typical Zygocere.

There are, however, slight variations in the characters of the sterna

throughout the genus.

Genus SAPERDA.

1. Saperda stigmatica.

S. cervino-fusca, albo-pilosa, antennis haud annulatis; capitis

vittis quinque, prothoracis vittis duabus, elytrorum maculis

numerosis plagisque duabus, flavescentibus.

Port Denison.

Closely covered with a rather coarse greyish-brown pile, and

with numerous erect slender white hairs; head greyish-brown,

with five indistinct stripes on the vertex and behind the eyes;

antennze very hairy, greyish, speckled with brown; prothorax

the Australian Longicornia. 545

greyish-brown, with two pale yellowish discal stripes; scutellum

rather transverse, rounded behind ; elytra broadest at the base,

where it is considerably broader than the prothorax, greyish-

brown, with several small scattered spots at the base and in a line

along the posterior half of the suture on each side, an oblique

irregular patch commencing in the middle and continued down-

wards and outwards to the margin, and between this and the

shoulder a small triangular patch at the side, all of a pale yellow

colour ; body beneath and legs with a thick greyish pubescence,

speckled with yellowish-brown.

Length 6 lines.

A larger and proportionally stouter species than Saperda paulla,

Germ., and otherwise very distinct.

2. Saperda mystica.

S. fusca, albo-pilosa; antennis haud annulatis ; prothoracis vittis

duabus, elytrorumque notis variis, cinereis.

New South Wales?

Closely covered with a smooth brown pile and with scattered,

slender, white hairs; head brown, nearly unicolorous; antennz

ashy, spotted at the base; prothorax brown, with two discal, pale

ashy stripes, which are connected by a narrow transverse band in

the middle; scutellum rounded posteriorly ; elytra broader than

the prothorax at the base, brown, with pale ashy longitudinal

patches, which are partially connected along the suture on each

side, but not touching it; another set of uncertain patches, extend-

ing from the shoulder to the apex at the side, but breaking up

into small spots at the apex, and a very distant zig-zag line

obliquely behind the middle, all of the same ashy colour ; body

beneath with a dull ochreous pile, varied with greyish ; legs hairy,

brown, speckled with ashy.

Length 6 lines.

Narrower than the last species, with a smoother pile, and, notwith-

standing a considerable difference in colour, closely allied toit. The

four Australian species of Saperda differ from the true Saperde

of Europe, in the presence of a tubercle or tooth on each side of

the prothorax near its anterior border, and in the elevated pro-

sternal process. The antennz also are never so long as the body.

Saperda Bohemanni and Saperda erythaca should rather be placed

with Phytoecia on account of their bifid claws.

546 Mr. Francis P. Pascoe’s Votes on

Genus Mycerinus.

1. Mycerinus luctuosus. (Pl. XXII. fig. 5.)

M. dense tomentosus, niger, maculis albis ornatus; capite

prothoraci latitudine cequali.

Port Denison.

Covered with a short thick black pile, varied with rather large

white spots or stripes; head as wide as the prothorax, a white

line over the eye and a white spot on the vertex ; antennz shorter

than the body, the apex and base of each joint except the first

two, and the third joint, nearly entirely white; prothorax nearly

quadrate, about equal in length and breadth, a stripe at the side

and two interrupted stripes on the disk white ; scutellum rounded

behind ; elytra convex and nearly parallel to the apex, which is

somewhat pointed, each marked with about ten white spots ; body

beneath and legs with a dull greyish-white pubescence.

Length 5 lines.

In colour this insect resembles Mycerinus zebrinus, an Indian

species, but it is more cylindrical in form, with fewer and rounder

spots.

2. Mycerinus uniformis.

M. ferrugineus, fulvescente-pubescens; elytris paullo elongatis,

sub-depressis, basi sparse punctatis.

Port Denison.

Ferruginous, closely covered with a pale fulvous pubescence ;

head concave in front, with a slightly impressed line on the vertex ;

antenne longer than the body, slender, setaceous ; prothorax

about equal in length and breadth, narrower anteriorly, rounded

at the sides, with a few punctures at the base; scutellum trans-

verse, smooth in the middle; elytra rather elongate, somewhat

depressed, gradually narrower from the shoulder to the apex,

which is rounded, the base with a few small punctures; body

beneath and legs with a thinner and paler pubescence.

Length 5 lines.

Closely allied to Mycerinus aridus, but different in colour, and

more slender in its proportions generally. Nevertheless it may

be only a local variety.

Genus Ropica.

1. Ropica incivilis.

R. obscure griseo-pubescens ; elytris fere obsolete albo-macu-

latis, apice obtuso-angulatis.

Port Denison.

With a short dull greyish pubescence; head with a few coarse

the Australian Longicornia. 547

punctures between the eyes; antenne rather shorter than the

body, the second joint about one-third the length of the first, the

third twice as long as the first but shorter than the fourth ;

prothorax rather broader than long, the sides evenly rounded, a

few scattered punctures on the disk ; scutellum transverse ; elytra

with a few almost obsolete whitish spots, coarsely punctured in

rows, which have an oblique direction at the base, the apex of

each obtusely angular; body beneath and legs covered with a very

fine pubescence.

Length 4 lines.

In the Society’s Transactions I have described several species

of this genus, but one or more of them may prove to be

identical with some of those described by Mr. Newman under the

name of Ptervlophia (Entom. pp. 370, 380). From his descrip-

tion, however, I think Pterolophia may be referred to Praonetha,

Blanch. He describes the antennee as having the first and third

joints of equal length, the fourth rather shorter. This is the

character of Praonetha, while in Ropica the first joint is frequently

not half as long as the third, and this is sometimes shorter than

the fourth, It may be added that in the former genus the first

joint is elongated and cylindrical, or even thicker towards the

apex, while in Ropica it is short and more or less ovate. It is

possible that Ropica may have to be divided, in one division the

species being somewhat depressed and navicular in outline, like the

one described above, the other more convex and approaching

Praonetha in its shorter and more compact form. But in all these

characters,—and the remark will apply generally to the Longi-

cornia,—there are gradations that render an absolute limitation im-

possible.

2, Ropica geminata.

R. pube fulvo-grisea vestita; prothorace vittis duabus fuscis ;

elytris circa scutellum, plagisque lateralibus fuscis, regione

suturali maculisque duabus pone medium albis, apice acute

angulatis.

Sydney.

With a close, buffish-grey pubescence; head with a narrowly

impressed line in front ; antennee longer than the body, the fourth

joint considerably longer than the third ; prothorax rather broader

than long, the sides rounded but slightly irregular, the disc

marked with two brown stripes; scutellum transverse; elytra

slightly elongate, the apex of each acutely angular, the disc

548 Mr. Francis P. Pascoe’s Notes on

punctured, partly in rows having unequal spaces between them,

but at the base more irregularly, round the scutellum and various

patches along the sides dark brown, the sutural region and two

very distinct longitudinal spots behind the middle of each elytron

white ; body beneath and legs luteous, with a fine greyish pubes-

cence.

Length 3 lines.

This comes very near a species from Aru (Ropica stigmatica,

Pasc.), but is more elongate, the elytra terminating in a more

acute angle and without the white sutural patch.

Genus ATIMURA.

Caput prothoracis latitudinis, inter oculos quadratum. Oculi

prominuli, reniformes. Antenne distantes, setacee, articulo

basali brevi, turgido, tertio quarto longiori, ceteris gradatim

decrescentibus. Prothorax breviter sub-cylindricus. Elytra

parallela. Pedes breves, protibiis curvatis. Ungues simplices.

Coxe anticz spinosee.- Corpus subangustatum.

This is essentially a Saperdoid form, probably not far removed

from such genera as Agennopsis and Estola. I have noticed a

species very like the one here described in Mr. Wallace’s collections

from the Indian Isles.

1. Atimura terminata. (Pl. XXIII. fig. 6.)

A. fusca ; elytris interrupte quadricostatis, apice fulvo-pubes-

cente.

Port Denison.

Brown, inclining to pitchy; head as broad as the prothorax,

quadrate between the eyes, an impressed line on the vertex, with

two or three bands of fulvous hairs; antennze shorter than the

body, slightly ciliated beneath, the third and fourth joints curved,

the former twice as long as the basal joint; eyes prominent, uni-

form, the upper part narrow, and not approximate; prothorax

rather longer than broad, subcylindrical, the sides very slightly

rounded, the dise closely punctured, with short scattered hairs,

which become more condensed anteriorly, forming a fulvous border

to the prothorax ; scutellum rounded behind ; elytra broader than.

the prothorax, nearly cylindrical, very coarsely punctured, and

rather suddenly rounded at the apex, where alone it is covered

with a dense fulvous pile, with four interrupted raised lines or

cost on each, the three inner costz ending abruptly, but previously

becoming more elevated, the middle one of the three approaching

the Australian Longicornia. 549

most nearly the apex, the fourth or outer costa terminates gradu-

ally in it; body beneath with a greyish-fulvous pubescence ; pro-

sternum expanding posteriorly ; legs short, fore tibize somewhat

curved, anterior cox shortly spined ; last tarsal joint long and

robust ; claws simple.

Length 4 lines.

Genus Isatium.

Caput exsertum, antice productum, prothorace angustius. An-

tenne mediocres, @ elongate, @ articulo basali obconico,

intermediis apice unilateraliter dilatis. Prothorax subcylin-

dricus, lateribus muticis. lytra elongata, parallela. Pedes

mediocres, femoribus subclavatis.

This genus is proposed for the reception of certain species

hitherto placed with Didymocantha, but from which they differ in

their elongated muzzle, antennae, unarmed prothorax, and other

characters. Stlrongylurus scutellatus, Hope, is the type, and it in-

cludes Didymocantha thoracica, Pasc., D. cylindricollis, Pasc., and

probably Coptopterus cretifer, Hope.

Genus PHorAcANTHA.

1. Phoracantha fallax.

P. robusta, fusca; prothorace subquadrato, rugoso-punctato,

tuberculis tribus nitidis, lateribus spinoso; elytris flavo-tri-

maculatis, apice bispinosis.

Sydney. Adelaide.

Robust, dark-brown ; head coarsely punctured, a lightly im-

pressed line between the eyes; antenne as long as the body, pu-

bescent, the third to the sixth or seventh joints, inclusive, spined ;

prothorax opaque, subquadrate, about equal in length and breadth,

coarsely and confluently punctured, with three distant, shining

tubercles, a short sharp spine at the side; scutellum triangular,

pubescent; elytra gradually narrowing behind, coarsely punctured

at the base, each with two spines at the apex, and three yellow

patches, one in the middle, one between it and the base, and a

third directly before the outer spine; body beneath chesnut-

brown, finely punctured, the abdomen pubescent and nearly im-

punctate ; palpi and legs ferruginous, the latter with a close grey

pile.

Length 10 lines.

Phoracantha quinaria, Newm., differs from this species in having

no tubercles on the prothorax. It must be borne in mind that

550 Mr. Francis P. Pascoe’s Notes on

the extent, and even the number, of the yellow patches which

adorn the elytra of nearly all the species of this genus, are vari-

able. The pattern, however, remains pretty nearly the same, and

the apical spot, when it occurs in the species, appears to be con-

stant in the individual. Throughout the genus, the elytra have

always coarse, crowded punctures at the base, which gradually

become smaller and more scattered towards the apex, each punc-

ture having generally a single hair arising from its base.

2. Phoracantha polita.

P. subrobusta, fusca ; prothorace oblongo, quinque-tuberculato,

lateribus spinoso; elytris albis, nitidissimis, fusco-plagiatis,

presertim plaga una basali alteraque apicali, apice bispi-

nosis.

Rockhampton. Sydney.

Moderately robust, dark brown; head covered with pale yel-

lowish hairs, a narrow impressed line between the eyes; antennze

longer than the body, luteous, with a delicate greyish pubescence,

the third to the sixth joint, inclusive, spined; prothorax oblong,

narrowed anteriorly, with five shining tubercles, the posterior pair

nearly divided (or otherwise with seven tubercles), the inter-

spaces with a fine, somewhat silky, pile, the side with a short,

conical spine; scutellum triangular, with a greyish pubescence ;

elytra very gradually narrowing behind, the basal half coarsely

punctured, the rest minutely punctured, each with two spines at

the apex, ivory white, with dark-brown glossy patches, which are

variable in extent, of the two principal, one occupies the whole of

the base, except the side, and another the central part from the

middle to near the apex, between the two there is a small spot on

each elytron, or the two may be joined by a varying line along

the suture; body beneath dark brown, the pectus pubescent, the

abdomen smooth and shining ; legs brown, with a delicate greyish

pubescence.

Length 8 lines.

Apparently coming nearest to Phoracantha trimaculata, Hope,

but, so far as I can judge without a comparison of the two, with

a more glabrous and differently sculptured prothorax.

3. Phoracantha pubescens.

P. subrobusta piceo-fusca ; prothorace nitido, tuberculato, late-

ribus inzequali, mutico ; elytris dimidio basali punctatis, fascia

the Australian Longicornia. 551

ante medium et plaga magna basin versus flavis, dimidio

apicali impunctatis, pubescentibus, apice truncatis.

Port Curtis.

Moderately robust, dark brown; head coarsely punctured, with

an impressed line in front ; antennz as long as the body, luteous,

finely pilose, the third to the sixth joints, inclusive, spined ; pro-

thorax nitid, oblong, unequal, three tubercles on the disc, the

central one ovate, behind irregular or subtuberculate, the side

rounded with two or three prominences, but not spined; scutellum

rounded behind, pubescent; elytra slightly narrowing behind, the

apex truncate, the basal half strongly punctured, a pale yellowish

band and a large patch towards the base, the posterior half im-

punctate, and covered with a fine greyish pubescence; body be-

neath chesnut-brown, the abdomen pubescent; legs luteous,

slightly pilose.

Length 8 lines.

The pubescence of the posterior half of the elytra is charac-

teristic of this very distinct species.

4, Phoracantha discreta.

P. gracilis, fusca; prothorace oblongo, quinque-tuberculato,

tuberculo medio lanceolato, lateribus prominulo, mutico, basi

constricto ; elytris angustatis, flavo-trimaculatis, apice sinu-

atis.

Sydney.

Slender, dark brown; head coarsely punctured, an impressed

line between the eyes; antennz longer than the body, pitchy,

ciliated, the third to the sixth joints, inclusive, spined at the apex;

prothorax oblong, nearly opaque, with five well-defined tubercles

on the disc, the centre one lanceolate with the point forwards, the

side with an abrupt prominence; scutellum rounded behind ;

elytra tapering, the base very rugosely punctured, each with its

apex sinuate, and with three pale yellow patches, the one directly

in the middle, forming almost a band; body beneath and legs

glossy brown, bases of the femora and coxz reddish.

Length 4 lines.

Resembles the next species (P. scitula), but is darker, more

opaque, the prothorax broader, the tubercles more prominent,

and the punctuation of the elytra more rugose.

5. Phoracantha scitula.

P. gracilis, luteo-fusca, nitida; prothorace oblongo, quinque-

552 Mr, Francis P. Pascoe’s Votes on

tuberculato, lateribus prominulo, mutico, basi constricto ;

elytris angustatis, apice truncatis, plaga basin versus, altera

mediana, tertiaque sub- Ge flavis.

Port Denison.

Slender, luteous brown, shining; head roughly punctured, an

impressed line between the eyes; antennze longer than the body,

luteous, slightly ciliated, the third, fourth and fifth joints spined

at the apex ; prothorax oblong, opaque, narrower at the base than

anteriorly, rugose, with five tubercles on the disc, the central one

elliptic, the side with a somewhat abrupt prominence ; scutellum

rather elongate, pilose; elytra tapering, truncate at the apex, each

with three pale yellow patches, one somewhat lateral and midway

between the second (which is nearly central) and the third (which

is nearly at the apex); body beneath and legs luteous, sparingly

pubescent.

Length 4 lines.

This graceful little species is allied to Phoracantha unifasciata,

Hope, (why so called it is difficult to say,) but in that species the

prothorax is broader and nitid, and there is no apical spot on

elytra.

6. Phoracantha bifasciata.

P. gracilis, fusca, nitida ; prothorace oblongo, tuberculis tribus

longitudinalibus, lateribus irregulari, mutico; elytris muticis,

fascia lata mediana, altera apical, flavis.

Port Denison.

Slender, brown, shining, sparingly pilose; head dark ferru-

ginous, with a few coarse punctures; eyes rather large, black ;

antennee shorter than the body, luteous, slightly pilose, the third

joint spined, the fourth and fifth nearly unarmed ; prothorax dark

ferruginous, oblong, sparingly and coarsely punctured, three lon-

gitudinal tubercles placed somewhat posteriorly, the side irregular

but not spined; scutellum somewhat transverse, rounded behind;

elytra slightly depressed, very gradually narrowing posteriorly,

rounded at the apex, a broad band in the middle and another at

the apex, pale yellow; body glossy beneath, dark ferruginous on

the pectus, and luteous on the abdomen (in the female, each of the

three intermediate segments has an ovate impression at the side,

filled with long, silky hairs); legs luteous, with slender, scattered

hairs.

Length 5 lines.

A very distinct species, remarkable for the little depressions on

the abdomen of the female, which are exactly similar in character

the Australian Longicornia. 553

to those of Obrium ciliatum (see p. 559), only that in the latter

there are four pairs of them instead of three.

Genus ELETE.

Caput exsertum, fronte brevissima, mandibulis porrectis. Oculi

divisi, partibus approximatis, prominulis, supra sub-approxi-

matis, infra distantibus. Antenne elongate, setaceze, basi sub-

remote, articulo basali curvato, versus apicem incrassato,

quarto tertio longiore, czeteris gradatim brevioribus. Protho-

rax elongatus, irregulariter cylindricus. lytra angustata,

sub-parallela,abdomine breviora. Pedeselongati; cox@ anticz

sub-approximatee; femora clavata, basi attenuata; farsz breves,

articulo primo ceteris longiori. Mesosternum latum, postice

emarginatum. Corpus angustatum.

The more important characters of this genus, such as the slen-

der habit, the large and prominent coxe, and the attenuated basis

of the femora, point to some of the forms which group themselves

round Obrium, although in habit it resembles some Mallocere,

which are nearly allied to Phoracantha. The divided eyes, how-

ever, and the elytra imperfectly embracing the abdomen, are

found only in genera allied to the first. With regard to the ante-

rior coxze, the forms from globular to conical are not only gradu-

ated, but in neighbouring genera, where the same form might be

expected to recur, there is a marked difference. Compare, for

instance, Listrocerum, where they are remarkably elongated and

conical, with Smodicum, or Molorchus major with Necydalis* minor,

* There is great confusion respecting these names. Necydalis was first used

by Scopoli (Faun. Carniol.), and afterwards by Linneus (Iter Géland.), and ap-

plied by them to minor and umbellatarum, major being then unknown. In the

Fauna Suecica, the latter is for the first time described, and is placed immediately

after minor. In the twelfth edition of the Syst. Natura, major comes first, and is

followed, not only by minor and umbellatarum, but by eight species belonging to

CGdemera, Asclera, and other Heteromerous genera. Then came Fabricius (Syst.

Eleuth.), who, calling the first of these groups by the new name of Molorchus,

continued that of Necydalis to the remainder. So far as the latter change is con-

cerned, he has not been followed; but Molorchus has been adopted by many

authors. Now, it is quite evident that major and minor belong to different genera;

accordingly, Mr. Newman long ago proposed Heliomuanes for the latter, having,

however, used the term in the first place for an Australian Longicorn, which after-

wards was found to be congeneric ; and more recently M. C. G. Thomson, in his

Skandinaviens Coleoptera, has proposed Canoptera for the same species. We

have thus four names for the two genera. If we are to avoid the introduction of

a name which has never been used on the continent ( Heliomanes), I think priority

will compel us to confine the term Necydalis to minor as the Linnzan type in the

first instance, and then major naturally falls into Molorchus, as the first of the

species described by Fabricius.

554 Mr. Francis P. Pascoe’s Notes on

or Stenopterus rufus with Acyphoderes aurulentus. In Obrium can-

tharinum the coxe are very nearly conical, while in the nearly

allied Axinopalpis gracilis they are so slightly produced, that

practically they may be defined as globose. All these genera,

according to some systematists, would be placed in a family co-

equal with Priontide and Lamiide that has Molorchus for its

type. Obrium and Molorchus, however, I consider represent re-

spectively two very distinct sub-families.

1. Elete inscripta. (Pl. XXII. fig. 2.)

E. livida, vittis fuscis figurata; femoribus intermediis et pos-

ticis, basibus exceptis, fuscis.

Sydney.

Livid yellow, with a short seta-like pubescence, and marked

with a few longitudinal or zigzag lines; head exserted, with a

short narrow front strongly sulcated between the insertion of the

antennz; a black stripe behind the eyes; mandibles porrect ; lip

very small; palpi truncate; eyes prominent, completely divided,

the upper pair subapproximate, the lower remote; antennze

longer than the body, setaceous, slightly pilose, the basal joint

claviform, the third shorter than the fourth, with a fine spine at the

apex, the fourth longest, the rest gradually diminishing to the

last ; prothorax about twice as long as broad, irregularly cylin-

drical, with a broad central and a narrow black stripe at the side;

scutellum triangular, rather closely covered with fine diverging

hairs ; elytra elongate, gradually narrowing behind, the apex truncate

with numerous setiferous punctures, and marked on the shoulder

and behind the middle with dark brown irregular and nearly lon-

gitudinal lines; body beneath testaceous, finely punctured ; legs

slender, femora clavate, the clavate portion of the middle and pos-

terior femora dark brown.

Length 6 lines.

Genus HeEstTHEsIs.

1. Hesthesis angulatus.

H. ater; elytris divergentibus, postice flavo-maculatis; abdo-

mine supra duabus infra tribus fasciis flavis.

King George’s Sound ?

Black ; base of the elytra greyish ; front, anterior and posterior

margins of the prothorax, a round spot on each elytron posteriorly,

a patch on the episterna of the metathorax, a band on the first and

the Australian Longicornia. 555

another on the fourth upper abdominal segments, and a band on

each of the three inferior basal segments, clear lemon-yellow; sterna

and legs covered with a whitish pile; prothorax rounded at the

sides; elytra diverging posteriorly, each terminating externally in

an acute angle, which, owing to a short incurvation, is slightly

hooked, the external margin gradually incurved behind the

shoulder.

Length 10 lines.

This is one of the best marked species of the genus, although

allied to Hesthesis cingulatus. The form of the elytra, beginning

to diverge at about half way from the apex of the scutellum, and

the clear lemon-yellow of its numerous markings, are sufficiently

distinctive. I have seen only one example.

Dr. Howitt mentions a “common” species at Melbourne hav-

ing red antennz, which appears to be near Hesthesis cingulatus.

This is probably undescribed.

2. Hesthesis murinus.

H. niger ; elytris integris, linea suturali postice curvata, alba;

abdomine supra fascia alteraque infra albis.

New South Wales.

Black; elytra greyish; front, anterior margin of the prothorax,

a band on the upper and another on the lower basal segments, sil-

very-white; a short oblique patch of the same colour towards the

posterior margin of the elytra, connected with a paler stripe along

the suture; prothorax nearly as long as broad, rounded at the

sides, covered with a sparse greyish pile; elytra rounded at the

sides, nearly truncate at the apex; femora brownish-red; body

beneath with scattered greyish hairs.

Length 6 lines.

As the elytra in Hesthesis only cover the metathorax, the

whole abdomen above is visible through the transparent wings ;

and it is therefore necessary to observe, that the first or upper

basal segment of the abdomen does not correspond with the basal

segment beneath, and that this forms one of the five abdominal

rings in connexion with the second upper, and so on for the re-

mainder.

Mr. Newman describes the males of Hesthesis as having 12-

jointed antennee. This is an error. The eleventh joint, it is

true, is notched in the middle, as it very often is in this family,

but the slightest examination will show that it is only a notch.

It is very likely that in some individuals of the same species

556 Mr. Francis P. Pascoe’s WVotes on

the number of bands on the abdomen may vary. I have seen

instances where one of the bands has been only partial. The best

characters in this genus are to be found in the forms of the pro-

thorax and elytra. The species described above is the most

soberly coloured of the genus, and very distinct from any other

known to me.

3. Hesthesis vigilans.

H. fuscus; elytris postice intus rotundatis, extus apiculatis,

linea suturali postice curvata, crocea ; abdomine supra dua-

bus infra etiam duabus, aliquando tribus, fasciis luteis.

New South Wales.

Black, elytra yellowish-brown, paler towards the suture; front,

anterior margin of the prothorax, patch on the episterna of the

metathorax, bands on the upper and lower basal segments, and

two others on the third lower and fourth upper segments respec-

tively (sometimes a narrower band on the second lower also),

bright saffron-yellow ; a short, transverse patch of the same colour

towards the posterior margin of the elytra, connected with a paler

stripe along the suture; antennze black, passing into reddish-

brown towards the apex ; prothorax rounded at the sides, covered

with a coarse pile, tinged more or less with yellow; elytra rounded

internally at the apex, the sides also rounded, and terminating

externally in a small obtuse angle; legs ferruginous, tarsi brown.

Length 6 lines.

Mr. Newman’s description of Hesthesis bizonatus applies to this

species so far as the number of abdominal bands is concerned,

but the colour of the antennz and legs is entirely different. I

have not seen his species, which appears to have been known only

from a specimen in the Zoological Society's Museum, although

Dr. Howitt speaks of it as being found at Melbourne. It is the

only described species that is not in my collection.

4. Hesthesis acutipennis.

H. niger; elytris subdivergentibus, apice angulatis; macula

transversa postica crocea, abdomine supra tribus infra qua-

tuor fasciis luteis.

New South Wales.

Black, elytra greyish-brown, front, anterior margin of the pro-

thorax and more slightly the posterior also, and an oblique spot

on the elytra, saffron-yellow ; patch on the episterna of the meta-

thorax, three bands on the abdomen above—one on the basal,

the Australian Longicornia. 567

another on the fourth, and the third on the fifth—and four bands

beneath, one on each abdominal segment, except the last, sulphur-

yellow; last abdominal segment above and below ochraceous ;

antennze reddish-brown ; legs ferruginous; prothorax transverse,

angulated at the sides; elytra rounded at the sides, slightly di-

verging posteriorly, the apex pointed.

Length 7 lines.

The form of the elytra at the apex is something like that of

Hesthesis plorator, but the elytra themselves are much shorter.

The short prothorax, with its angulated sides, is very distinctive

of this species.

5. Hesthesis vesparius.

H. niger; elytris truncatis, sutura late grisescente-marginatis,

basi humerisque aureis; antennis ferrugineis, articulis qua-

tuor basalibus nigris.

New South Wales.

Black; front, sides of the prothorax anteriorly, base of the

elytra and their anterior angles, and the first, second, third and

fifth (at the margin) upper segments of the abdomen golden-yel-

low; patches on the episterna of the metathorax, sides of the first,

middle of the second, the whole of the third and fourth lower

segments, fulvous; prothorax equal in length and breadth, the

sides very slightly and regularly rounded; scutellum black, trian-

gular; elytra rounded at the sides, obliquely truncate inwards

and downwards, a very broad, greyish sutural stripe from the

shoulder to the apex, at the upper part of which, near the scutel-

lum, is arich yellow spot, below this at the angle is another spot ;

legs and antenne reddish-ferruginous, the latter with the four

basal joints black.

Length 7 lines.

The form of the prothorax, and the coloration of the elytra and

antennze, will serve to distinguish this pretty and very distinct

species.

Genus SoLIMNIA.

Caput exsertum, fronte brevissima. Oculi emarginati. An-

tenne elongatee, remote, articulo basali subpyriformi, tertio

ceeterisque plus minusve equalibus, subserratis. Prothorax

transversus, lateribus dente armatus, disco levigato. Hlytra

oblonga. Pro- et meso-sterna angustata, simplicia. Corpus

subdepressum.

The genus to which Solimnia most nearly approximates appears

VOL, I, THIRD SERIES, PART VII.-—ocT. 1863, QQ

558 Mr. Francis P. Pascoe’s Notes on

to be Cerambyx, from which it is essentially distinguished by the

form of the pro- and meso-sterna, which are very narrow and de-

pressed, the coxee therefore nearly contiguous, and projecting far

beyond the edges of their cotyloid cavities. In all true Ceram-

byces the contrary is the case, and the mesosternum is bilobed

posteriorly. Nothing that ought to be referred to Cerambyx pro-

per, in my opinion, has the prothorax so regular and free from

rugosities as in this genus.

1. Solimnia sublineata, (Pl. XXII. fig. 3.)

S. sub-fusca, ternuiter pubescens ; elytris pallidioribus, humeris

exceptis, subnitidis.

New South Wales. .

Brown, elytra, except at the shoulders, legs, and antenne, paler,

all covered with a thin, greyish pubescence ; head very short in

front, simply concave between the eyes, thickly punctured ; an-

tennz much longer than the body, the third joint a trifle longer

than the fourth, otherwise all, except the first two, are more or

Jess equal in length, and dilated on one side, so as to give the

antenne a serrated appearance ; eyes emarginate, the lower por-

tion by far the largest and most prominent, not approximate

above; palpi rather long, obtuse; prothorax transverse, thickly

punctured, a strong tooth on each side; scutellum triangular ;

elytra broadest at the shoulder, the side slightly incurved, the

apex rounded, with faintly-raised longitudinal lines on each, of

these two are more marked than the rest; body beneath with a

coarser, greyish pile; legs rather slender, femora not clavate,

intermediate and posterior tarsi with the basal joint somewhat

elongated.

Length 9 lines.

Genus Crrampyx.

1. Cerambya nubilus.

C. niger, griseo-pubescens ; prothorace lateribus obtuse tuber-

culato, transversim plicato; elytris apice bispinosis; an-

tennarum articulo tertio elongato, apice subnodoso.

Queensland.

Brownish-black, with a very thin, silky greyish pubescence ;

antennze with the basal joint comparatively slender, curved, the

third elongate, nearly as long as the fourth and fifth together, and

only slightly nodose at the apex; tibice at the distal extremity

and tarsi, and the upper part of the posterior femora at the base

the Australian Longicornia. 559

covered with golden hairs ; inner spine at the apex of the elytra

much smaller than the outer one, the rest as in Cerambyx sericus,

Newm. (Hammaticherus turbinaticornis, Germ.)

Cerambyx, Linn., is now restricted to those Longicorns of

which Cerambyx cerdo, Linn., is the type. Many authors sub-

stitute for it Hammaticherus (Meg., Dej.), but the Hammaticherus,

Serv., must be confined to H. bellator and its allies, (Plocederus,

Dej.).

Genus Osrium.

1. Obrium ciliatum.

O. castaneum, nitidum, albo-setosum; elytris, lateribus ex-

ceptis, stramineis; antennis ferrugineis, setosis.

Sydney.

Glossy chesnut-brown (except the elytra), with long, slender,

white hairs; head with a deep transverse impression above the

epistome; eyes rather large, black ; antennze longer than the body,

ferruginous, with long setose hairs, a small spine at the apex of

the third joint; prothorax slightly punctured with few hairs, the

dise irregular, with a rounded callosity on each side; scutellum

rounded behind; elytra elongate, parallel, with deeply impressed

crowded punctures, from each of which issues one of the seta-

ceous hairs, of a pale straw-colour, with the two basal thirds of

the sides only brown; body beneath dark chesnut, polished, paler

on the abdomen; in the female the four basal segments of the

abdomen have on each of their sides an ovate cavity, filled with

closely-set yellowish hairs.

Length 33 lines.

In our Obrium cantharinum and its congeners, as well as in

Stenhomalus, Deilus, &c., the third abdominal segment of the

female is curiously contracted, and densely clothed with long

hairs. In Obrium ibidionoides there is a transverse, ovate, hairy

cavity at the base of each segment, except the last, In the species

described above we see a third modification of this remarkable

structure. It is probable, however, that this and other species

now referred to Obrium will eventually be separated from that

genus, if these and other characters should prove to be of more

than specific importance.

Genus PHaAtLoTa.

Caput subverticalé; fronte turgida; mandibulis parvis. Ocul

aQ2

560 Mr. Francis P. Pascoe’s Votes on

mediocres, remote divisi, supra distantes. Antenne remote

setaceee, articulo basali brevi, curvato, tumido, tertio

ezeterisque subzequalibus. Palpi breves, obtusi. Prothorax

elongatus, antice latior, postice constrictus. Elytra parellela.

Pedes breves; core antice elongate, contigue ; femora in-

crassata. Corpus gracile.

This genus appears to be allied to Obrium, although its Wend

is so vertical as almost to bring it into the Saperdoid group (near

Stenostola, for instance), were it not for other characters, such as

the absence of emargination on the intermediate tibize, and the ob-

tuse palpi. The insect is remarkable for its swollen front, which

merges above into the two large antennary tubers.

1, Phalota tenella. (Pl. XXIII. fig. 1.)

P. fusca, subnitida, vix pubescens; elytris basi aliquando

luteis.

Port Denison.

Dark-brown or black, with scarcely any pilosity, the head,

prothorax and pectus luteous yellow, shining; head with a few

scattered punctures, short, subvertical, bulging out in front, the

antennary tubers large, separated at the base by a considerable

concavity ; eyes rather small, divided, the two portions widely

apart, the upper smallest, and remote from its fellow; mandibles

small, nearly vertical; antenne as long as or longer than the body,

the basal joint rather short and slightly curved, tumid, the rest,

except the second, more or less equal; palpi short, obtuse ;

prothorax irregularly and very sparsely punctured, nearly twice as

long as broad, and as broad as the head for three-fourths of its

length, when it suddenly contracts ; scutellum rounded ; elytra a

little depressed, coarsely and rather thickly punctured, the base

sometimes more or less luteous; body beneath glossy black, the

pectus luteous ; legs with a slight tint of luteous.

Length 23 lines.

Genus Cumapne.

Caput breve, fronte transversim quadrata. Oculi reniformes.

Antenne elongate, setacez, 11-articulatee, basi distantes,

articulo primo breviter obconico, tertio quarto longiore, cz-

teris subzequalibus, ultimo vix distincto. Palporum articulo

ultimo ovato. Prothorax ovatus. Llytra angustata. Pedes

sub-elongate, femora clavata, tarsi breves. Prosternum mi-

nutum, compressum, |

In my M.S, Catalogue of Australian Longicornia I have placed

the Australian Longicornia. 561

this genus between Agapete and Ischnotes. It differs very much

from both in habit, those two being very remarkable, although in

quite a different way, while Cleadne has a very commonplace

look. Of all the Australian forms, perhaps, it comes nearest to

Amphirhoé in outline, but that genus, owing to its longer muzzle,

belongs to another category of the family. I received my speci-

men from Mr, Macleay; a second in Mr. Bakewell’s collection is

supposed to be from Adelaide,

1. Cleadne melanaria. (PI. XXIII. fig. 5.)

C. nigra; elytris singulis lineis duabus elevatis basi griseo-

hirtis instructis.

New South Wales.

Black, opaque ; head coarsely and closely punctured, very short,

and transversely quadrate in front; eyes reniform; antenne longer

than the body, setaceous, 11-jointed, distant at the base, the first

joint short, obconic, the third longest, the fourth much shorter,

the fifth nearly as long as the third, the remainder nearly equal to

the fifth, the last scarcely distinguishable from the preceding one ;

palpi short, with the terminal joint ovate ; prothorax ovate, with

coarse, crowded punctures, and a few scattered, erect hairs; scu-

tellum triangular; elytra narrow, parallel, two elevated lines on

each, the inner not extending to half the length of the elytron,

the outer continued to the apex, the base and both lines clothed

with greyish-white hairs; body beneath and base of the femora

chesnut-brown ; abdomen short, gradually tapering from the

base.

Length 5 lines.

Genus Typuocesis.

Caput fronte brevi, quadrata. Oculi reniformes. Antenne dis-

tantes, elongate, setaceee, articulo basali subpyriformi, tertio

quarto longiore, caeteris plus minusve subzequalibus, vel gra-

datim brevioribus. Palpi apice subtriangulares. Prothorax

rotundatus, disco subdepresso, lateribus dentatis. Elytra

brevia, subparallela. Pedes elongati, femora clavata, larsis

intermediis et posticis angustatis, articulo basali elongato.

Prosternum elevatum, subacutum.

This genus belongs to the group of which Hemesthocera, Homa-

lomelas, Prothema, and Euryarthron are members, differing from

all in the form of the prothorax and clavate femora. The angle

formed by the depression of the prothorax creates a sort of ridge

on each side.

562 Mr. Francis P. Pascoe’s Notes on

1. Typhocesis Macleayi. (Pl. XXIII. fig. 4.)

T. fusca, subopaca ; elytris singulis lineis duabus obliquis; tar-

sis flavidis.

Port Denison.

Dark brown, subopaque, with soft, scattered hairs, particularly

on the prothorax ; head short, quadrate in front, with a transverse

impression beneath the antennz ; lip small, transverse; eyes of

moderate size, reniform; antennze distant at the base, longer than

the body, setaceous, the basal joint subpyriform, the third longer

than the fourth, the fifth and sixth about equal, the rest very

gradually decreasing in size; palpi ferruginous, the last joint

narrowly triangular; prothorax rounded, depressed, or nearly

plane above, the side somewhat irregular, with a short tooth pos-

teriorly ; scutellum transversely subtriangular ; elytra very short,

the sides nearly parallel, rounded at the apex, very closely or

nearly confluently punctured, with three very slightly-raised lon-

gitudinal lines in the middle of each, the side and sutures bordered

with pale yellow, and at the base an oblique, yellowish line, com-

mencing at the shoulder, and another rather beyond the middle,

neither reaching to the suture ; body beneath and legs chesnut-

brown, shining, the tarsi yellowish; prosternum raised, termi-

nating in a short tooth posteriorly.

Length 6 lines.

Genus PuacopEs.

1. Phacodes bispinosus.

P. fuscus, pube cinerea irroratus; prothorace subtransverso,

antice latiori; elytris apice bispinosis.

Hab. ——?

Robust, brown, inclining to pitchy, with scattered, irregular

patches of pale-greyish hairs ; head entirely covered with greyish

hairs; antennze stout, twice as long as the body in the male;

prothorax subtransverse, rounded at the sides, much broader in

front, with three nearly obsolete tubercles on the disc; scutellum

transversely triangular ; elytra simply punctured, considerably

broader than the prothorax at the base, very gradually tapering

posteriorly, the apex of each armed with two well-developed

spines; body beneath reddish-brown, covered with an uniform

greyish pubescence ; legs pitchy-brown, covered with a close

greyish pile.

Length 12 lines.

This is a species very likely to be confounded with Phacodes

the Australian Longicornia. 563

obscurus, Fab., but it is very distinct, especially in its more robust

form, shorter prothorax, transverse scutellum, elytra spined at the

apex, and other characters. Phacodes differs very slightly from

Hesperophanes; the chief points appear to be the absence of

tubercles on the disc of the prothorax of the latter, and the

shortness of the fourth joint of its antennee (a common character

among the Callidium forms); the more typical species of Phacodes

have the third and three or four following joints spined at the

apex.

Genus Caitipium.

1. Callidium aseemoides.

C. nigrum, subnitidum; prothorace subtransverso, disco de-

presso sub-bituberoso ; antennis brevibus, articulo tertio

duobus sequentibus conjunctis longiore.

Adelaide.

Black, slightly nitid, with a few slender erect hairs; head coarsely

punctured, a slight, impressed line between the eyes; antennz

rather more than half as long as the body, the third joint rather

longer than the fourth and fifth together; prothorax depressed,

broader than long, rounded at the sides, very coarsely punctured,

except in the centre, with two tolerably large but very slightly

elevated tubers placed transversely, with an impunctate space be-

tween them; scutellum transverse, rounded posteriorly; elytra

oblong, depressed, with nearly parallel sides, and strongly marked

with rugose, irregular impressions; body beneath pale brown,

strongly punctured ; legs slightly pitchy ; femora clavate.

Length 6 lines.

The dark uniform colour, and the length of the third antennal

joint, will readily distinguish this from any other Australian

species.

2. Callidium eburatum.

C. rufo-ferrugineum, opacum ; prothorace rotundato, basi con-

stricto ; elytris nigro-fuscis, rugoso-punctatis, fasciis duabus

angulatis albis; femoribus clavatis, basi gracilibus ; antennis

articulo tertio quarto longiore, ceteris sub-zequalibus.

Sydney.

Reddish ferruginous, opaque, with a few white scattered hairs ;

head thickly punctured; eyes widely emarginate ; antennze shorter

than the body, the third joint longer than the fourth, the succeed-

ing nearly of equal length; prothorax slightly longer than broad,

rounded at the sides, contracted at the base, with coarse crowded

564 Mr. Francis P. Pascoe’s Notes on

punctures ; scutellum narrowly subtriangular ; elytra dark brown,

covered with coarse confluent punctures, with two narrow zig-zag,

ivory-like white bands, the upper not meeting at the suture; body

beneath obscure luteous; legs dark brown; femora strongly

clavate, slender at the base.

Length 3 lines.

Allied to Callidium cleroides, White, but with more tapering

elytra, irregular angulated bands, and thicker antenne.

Genus Bracuytria.

1. Brachytria centralis.

B. vix angustata; elytris lineis duabus longitudinalibus elevatis ;

scutello apice acuto. —

Port Denison.

Proportionally shorter than B. gulosa, and sparsely covered

with slender erect black hairs; head and prothorax luteous-yellow,

coarsely punctured, the latter rounded and nearly equal in breadth

and length; scutellum narrow, acutely triangular, black; elytra

with the sides nearly parallel, slightly projecting at the shoulder,

the apex rounded, coarsely punctured, bright blue, a large pale

straw-coloured patch principally before the middle, on each elytron

two well marked raised lines running from the shoulder to the

apex ; body beneath, except the propectus and throat, antennze

and legs, black ; propectus and throat luteous.

Length 4 lines.

Described from a single example, and therefore, knowing how

variable is its congener Brachytria gulosa,* I have said nothing

about the colour in the diagnosis, the species being well dis-

tinguished by having only two elevated lines on each elytron, and

the apex of its scutellum acute. It appears to me that Brachytria

latebrosa and B. pulcherrima would be better placed with Pytheus,

if both genera are to be retained.

Genus PEMPSAMACRA.

1. Pempsamacra subaurea.

P. fusca, squamis aureo-brunneis tecta; prothorace postice bi-

calloso, lateribus subintegro ; elytris maculis duabus fuscis.

Sydney.

Chesnut brown, covered with dark golden yellow scales above ;

* This species varies from almost entirely black to black, with more or less

yellow or white, and red; and from a prothorax strongly corrugated and opaque

to one perfectly smooth and glossy.

the Australian Longicornia. 565

head concave between the eyes, and without an impressed line ;

antennze much shorter than the body, the last six joints shortly

triangular, the third and fourth beneath, and the fifth ringed with

white in the middle; prothorax punctured, much longer than

broad, slightly tuberous at the sides, with two spreading callosities

at the base, the disc entire; scutellum very transverse; elytra

rather elongate, covered, except the two spots on each—one in the

middle, the other towards the apex—with short curved scales of a

dark-golden tint ; body beneath thickly covered with silvery-white

scales ; legs with yellowish scales.

Length 34 lines.

The smallest and narrowest member of the genus, which now

contains five species. The last five joints of the antenne are

shorter and more transversely triangular, and the prothorax is

longer and less irregular than in any other species; all of them,

except Pempsamacra pygmea, are remarkable for the beautiful

metallic white clothing of the underside.

Genus Bracuorsis.

1. Brachopsis nupera.

B. rufa; elytris infuscatis; abdomine pedibusque nigro-chaly-

beatis.

Sydney.

Head luteous-red, shining, sparingly punctured; antennz

shorter than the body, black, the first joint obscurely marked at

the base with reddish ; prothorax impunctate, velvety, luteous-red,

rather longer than broad, constricted anteriorly, the side bluntly

conical; scutellum small, triangular; elytra very narrow, pale-

reddish brown; legs, postpectus, and abdomen, blackish-chaly-

beate; antepectus luteous-red.

Length 6 lines.

Rather too close, perhaps, to Brachopsis concolor, W. W.

Saund., but at the same time I am quite convinced that very few

Coleopterists would combine it with that species. Besides the

difference in colour, the prothorax is considerably narrower,

especially anteriorly, and the tarsi are narrower andlonger. This

latter character, however, is probably only sexual, and the other

differences might be bridged over if we had a larger series of

specimens, particularly from localities between Tasmania and

Sydney, the homes of the two forms respectively.

566 Mr. Francis P. Pascoe’s Wotes on

Genus Macrones.

1. Macrones capito.

M. fulvo-rufus ; antennis nigris, apicem versus sensim pallidi-

oribus ; elytrorum carinis ‘basi excepto, femoribus posticis

basi, tibiisque medio, nigro-chalybeatis.

Port Curtis.

Fulvous-red, on the prothorax approaching toa golden orange ;

head coarsely punctured, rather broad, with the sides parallel

below the eyes; antennee black, but becoming gradually paler

from the fifth or sixth joint; lip very small; eyes nearly round,

black; prothorax roughly punctured, rather longer than broad

with a strongly marked, quadrate gibbosity in the middle, and a

strong tubercle on each side; scutellum triangular; elytra rather

broader than the prothorax at the base, where they are fulvous-

red, gradually tapering to the apex, each with four rugose carine,

which, except at the base, are steel black, the intervals being nearly

white; first abdominal segment elongate, slender, pale green, the

rest and sterna ferruginous-red; legs very slender, tibiz of the

intermediate and posterior pair, except at their extremities, and

basal half of the post-femora, black ; posterior pair of tarsi white.

Length 11 lines.

Of the five species of Macrones, this approaches the most nearly

to Macrones rufus, W. W. Saund., but differs in the colour of the

antennee and elytra, and the black intermediate and posterior

tibia. Amongst the genera that may be grouped around Steno-

derus, Macrones and Enchoptera are at once distinguished by their

elytra diverging at the suture, their prolonged muzzle, and entire,

rounded, or only slightly ovate, eyes.

Of these genera, however, Enchoptera differs from Macrones

chiefly in its more slender proportions, narrower tarsi, and in the

basal joint of the anterior pair being linear and not triangular.

Brachopsis comes very near those genera, but it has no muzzle.

Psilomorpha is another ally, distinguished by the normal suture

of the elytra, and differing from Stenoderus chiefly in the elongate

basal joint of the tarsi. -Oroderes again, notwithstanding its reni-

form eyes, cannot be placed very far from these genera; and,

much as they differ in habit among themselves, I am not disposed

to separate very widely Stephanops, Diotima, Eroschema, Tessa-

romma, Bardistus, Tricheops, Uracanthus, &c., and even Bima

(through Akiptera and Tropis). Many of these genera have

elongate, often conical anterior coxa, with the cotyloid cavity

forming, with few exceptions, a very large angle externally.

the Australian Longicornia. 567

Genus APHNEOPE.

Caput elongatum, antice productum, pone oculos in collo con-.

strictum. Oculi emarginati. Antenne filiformes, remote,

articulo basali elongato claviformi, tertio quarto longiori,

quinto quarto zequali, czeteris gradatim decrescentibus. Palpi

apice obtusi. Prothorax elongatus, antice posticeque con-

strictus, lateribus et disco armatus. lytra oblonga, sub-

parallela. Pedes graciles, tarsorum articulo basali elongato.

Corpus angustum.

This beautiful genus I place after Tessaromma, Newm., which

Mr. James Thomson, in his ‘‘ Essai,” refers with Chlorida, Phora-

cantha, and others, to his “ Division Eburite.’”’ I have no hesita-

tion, however, in grouping both genera with Stenoderus, Tritocos-

mia and their allies, which, in Mr. Thomson’s arrangement, belong

to the ‘“‘ Legion (or Sub-tribe) Lepturite.” Iam disposed to agree

with Dr. Leconte in not considering the Lepturide a distinct

family of Longicornia, but rather that it is composed of several

minor groups or sub-families in correlation only to the other

sub-families of Cerambycide. It is in my opinion quite impos-

sible to lay down any satisfactory characters by which the

Lepturid@ may be distinguished as a whole. And the rigid ad-

herence to a single character can only lead to the most unnatural

combinations. Asa proof of this, we have Distenia removed by

Dr. Leconte from his Lepturide because of its globose anterior

coxx, and placed between Criocephalus and Callichroma. Now,

in regard to these anterior coxee, I cannot avoid expressing my

opinion, that from globose to conical they are so graduated that

in practice any reliance placed on their form must be received

with caution. In reality the difference between a shortly conical

coxa and a globose one is so slight, especially when we take into

consideration that these terms are only used approximately, that

it is often very puzzling to say which phrase would be the most

accurate. Now in Jessaromma the anterior cox are very pro-

minent, with a sort of hour-glass contraction in the middle; in

Aphneope they are moderately prominent and but shortly, if at all,

conical ; in T2tocosmia Digglesit they are decidedly conical; in

Tritocosmia Roei they are neither conical nor globose, but simply

transverse; and between these two Tritocosmia rubea occupies an

intermediate place. Many other examples of the same kind

might be given.

568 Mr. Francis P. Pascoe’s (Votes on

1. Aphneope sericata.. (P]. XXII. fig. 1.)

A. purpureo-brunnea; elytris pubescentibus, maculis albo-

sericeis dispersis, tertia apicali, nigris; antennis, tibiis, tar-

sisque testaceo-ferrugineis.

Port Denison.

Purplish-brown or claret-colour, the head and prothorax closely

punctured with a few scattered erect hairs; the elytra with a short

velvety pubescence, the posterior third deep black but the pubes-

cence ceasing on the apical portion, before the black a line of

white spots, others more dispersed towards the base; these spots

are shallow impressions on the elytra, which are lined with white

silky hairs, radiating from nearly a common centre; body be-

neath, except the four last abdominal segments and femora, lute-

ous-brown, the four last segments black; antenne, tibiae and

tarsi pale ferruginous, Head produced and subquadrate in front,

rather protuberant behind and below the eyes, then suddenly

constricted into a narrow neck; prothorax with a strong conical

tooth at the side behind the middle, on the disc, nearly in the

centre, are two well-marked tubers; scutellum scutiform; elytra

slightly incurved at the sides, the apex rounded and convex

above ; antennee scarcely so long as the body.

Length 8 lines.

The genus Zropis, of Mr. Newman, does not appear to have

been described. The following are its characters.

Genus Tropts.

Caput porrectum, productum, fronte quadrata. Oculi reni-

formes, horizontales. Antenne lineares, 11-articulatee, inter

oculos inserte, distantes, articulo basali elongato, claviformi,

tertio czeterisque plus minusve subzequalibus, vel paullo de-

crescentibus. Prothorax sub-elongatus, antice postice con-

strictus, lateribus armatus vel conico-productus, Llytra

subdepressa, costulata; coxe antice prominule, contiguz.

Acetabula antica valde angulata. Mesosternum parvum. Tarsi

mediocres, dilatatee.

Mr. Newman gives as the type his Rhagiomorpha oculifera

(Ann. Nat. Hist. v. p. 21), a very rare insect, from Tas-

mania. Tropis dimidiata, Newm., the other species, is very dif-

ferently coloured, but I can see nothing to warrant its generic

separation.

the Australian Longicornia. 569

Genus Puaouus.

Caput breve, rotundatum. Oculi reniformes. Antenne 12-arti-

culatee, inter oculos inserte, distantes, elongate, subsetacee,

articulo basali brevissimo, incrassato, tertio ceeterisque, ultimo

excepto, subeequalibus. Paipi apice truncati. Prothorax

transversus, lateribus dentatis. Elytra brevia, subparallela,

’ Pedes breves, tarsorum articulo basali triangulari. Prosternum

postice truncatum, mesosterno depresso.

The 12-jointed, subsetaceous antennz sufficiently characterize

this genus, which in most other respects is nearly allied to Peeci-

losoma metallicum, Newm., which, however, is not a Peecilosoma,

as I have pointed out below.

1. Phaolus Macleay:. (Pl. XXIII. fig. 3.)

P. cupreo-violaceus ; palpis oculisque fuscis.

New South Wales.

Rich copper, with violet reflections, especially on the head and -

prothorax ; head very short in front, coarsely punctured, with a

deep impression on the vertex and between the eyes; lip very

small, black ; antennze 12-jointed, subsetaceous, longer than the

body, distant at the base, inserted between the eyes, the basal

joint very short and thick, the third also somewhat thick, the rest,

except the last, about equal in length, the last shorter and rather

compressed, as well as the two or three preceding it; prothorax

transverse, scarcely wider than the head, with scattered black

hairs, sparingly punctured, and somewhat corrugated, the side

with a moderate tooth towards the base; scutellum rounded pos-

teriorly; elytra glabrous, minutely punctured; body beneath

violet, with a blackish pile.

- Length 6 lines.

Genus lorHErium.

Caput breve. Oculi reniformes. Antenne 11-articulate, dis-

tantes, breves, apicem versus crassiores, articulo basali

obconico, tertio ceteris longiori, tribus ultimis confertis.

Prothorax transversus, lateribus spinosis. Elytra ampla, sub-

parallela. Prosternum postice truncatum, mesosterno de-

presso.

The Peecilosoma metallicum cannot properly be referred to

Peecilosoma, as in that genus the sterna are constructed quite

differently, the mesosternum being elevated into a sharp keel, the

anterior part of which is received into a notch of the prosternum.

570 Mr. FE. P. Pascoe on the Australian Longicornia.

The type of Totherium is a rare and beautiful insect from Tas-

mania; but I have lately received from Mr. W. Macleay the same

species, taken, it appears, in the neighbourhood of Sydney. In

Victoria it dees not appear to be uncommon.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE XXII.

. Aphneope sericata.

. Elete inscripta.

. Solimnia sublineata.

pO ND —

. Thyada barbicornis.

5. Mycerinus luctuosus.

PLATE XXIII.

Fig. 1. Phalota tenella.

2. Oricopis wmbrosus.

3. Phaolus Macleay.

4. Typhocesis Macleayi.

5. Cleadne melanaria.

6. Alimura terminata.

(15a)

XLVI. Hemipterorum exoticorum Generum et Specierum

nonnullarum novarum Descriptiones. Auctore Doct.

CaroLo Stat.

[Die 3° Aug. 1863.]

PiatypLruRA, Am. et Serv.

1. P. limbaticollis—Pallide olivaceo-virescens; verticis fascia

angusta arcuata, fascia lata irregulari genarum, loris, limbo

laterali thoracis utrimque acute angulati, maculis duabus vel

quattuor basalibus scutelli, tegminum areola basali parteque

dimidia basali clavi, alis, excepto limbo hyalino, abdominis

fasciis percurrentibus dorsalibus fasciisque abbreviatis ven-

tralibus, nigris ; tegminum partibus circiter duabus tertiis

apicalibus vitreis, hic illic obsolete subfusco-nebulosis, anas-

tomosibus maculaque apicali-et subapicali venarum longi-

tudinalium nigro-fuscis. @

Long. 30, exp. tegm. 94 mill.

Africa occid., Ashanti. (Mus. Brit. et Oxon.)

Oxypleura limbata, Walk., excl. syn.

Platypleure limbate, Fabr., affinis, capite latiori, thorace utrim-

que acutius angulato, tegminibus angustioribus, colore picturaque

distinctissima. Caput basi scutelli fere latius, vertice oculo trans-

verso duplo latiore, fronte basi nonnihil tumida et prominula,

medio longitrorsum distincte sulcata, circiter dimidium latitudinis

faciei occupante. Ocelli ab oculis quam inter se duplo longius

distantes. Rostrum metastethii apicem vix superans. Thorax

latissimus, utrimque acute angulato-dilatatus. ‘Tegmina proportio-

naliter angusta, margine costali levissime curvato, costa basin ver-

sus leviter dilatata, costa venaque intracostali contiguis. Meta-

sternum disco convexiusculum, antice haud productum, medio

sulcatum.

2. P. Westwoodi.—Remote sericea, pallide olivaceo-virescens

vel-flavescens, macula media fasciaque utrimque laterali ver-

ticis, macula vel fascia lata genarum, maculis nonnullis minutis

572

D. Stal Hemipterorum

thoracis, maculis quattuor basalibus, duabus discoidalibus

minoribus pone medium maculaque sublaterali oblongo-

obtriagulari scutelli, fasciis basalibus segmentorum abdominis,

dorsalibus latis, ventralibus angustis, tarsis anterioribus totis

basique tarsorum posticorum, vitta exteriore tibiarum anti-

" earam nec non alis nigro-fuscis aut nigris, harum fascia latis-

sima irregulari media, Jimbum posteriorem haud attingente,

limboque testaceo-flavescentibus ; tegminibus fuscescentibus,

fascia obliqua prope basin sordide testaceo-flavescente, macula

subcostali longe ante medium maculaque discoidali pallide

testaceo-flavescentibus, pellucidis, maculis nonnullis majus-

culis pone medium in seriem transversam subcontinuam dis-

positis, macula subcostali prope apicem, maculisque quattuor

marginis apicalis vitreis, anastomosibus obscurius fusco-

marginatis, areis apicalibus apice et prope apicem ad venas

longitudinales maculis parvis geminis obscure fuscis no-

tatis.

Long. 25, exp. tegm. 78 mill.

Ceylon. (Mus. Oxon.)

Pl. phalenoidi, Walk., a qua Pl. interna, Walk., haud distingui

potest, quoad formam thoracis affinis, aliter picta; differt preeterea

statura minus crassa, capite proportionaliter latiore, ocellis plus

duplo longius ab oculis quam inter se remotis, frontis sulco longi-

tudinali minus profundo, costa basin versus minus dilatata, maculis

vitreis tegminum multo paucioribus et minoribus, genitalibus fe-

mine magis productis, metasternique basi inter pedes intermedios

magis producta.

P. precellens.—Olivaceo-flavescens, verticis fascia angusta

fere media, frontis fascia subbasali, genarum fascia media,

fronte lorisque magnam ad partem, thoracis maculis nonnullis

parvis, maculis quattuor basalibus, litura triangulari media,

macula laterali media vittulaque sublaterali basali, alis, ex-

ceptis maculis duabus transversis albidis limbi postici, fasciis

basalibus segmentorum dorsalium abdominis nebulisque teg-

minum, ante medium pallide sordide virescentium, nigris aut

nigro-fuscis ; lateribus thoracis dilatatis, operculis genitali-

busque fuscis. ¢

Long. 29, exp. tegm. 82 mill.

Sierra Leone. (Mus. Oxon.)

P. Kempferi similis, vertice proportionaliter angustiore, fronte

magis producta, thorace magis dilatato, parte dilatata angulum

Exoticorum Descriptiones. 573

rectum formante, colore picturaque tegminum alarumque dis-

tinctissima. Vertex oculo transverso duplo latior, ocellis ab

oculis quam inter se duplo longius remotis. Frons convex-

luscula, basi nonnihil producta, medio longitrorsum distincte

suleata. Thorax marginibus lateralibus anticis marginibus

lateralibus posticis brevioribus. Tegmina ante medium pallide

subsordide virescentia, pone medium fuscescentia, parte basali

fascia obliqua irregulari longe ante medium posita, aream internam

basalem totam impictam haud occupante, fasciaque pone medium,

prope costam antrorsum producta, obscure fuscis; maculis non-

nullis, ante et pone venulas transversas positis, maculisque suba-

picalibus, apicem arearum apicalium et partem limbi apicalis

occupantibus, pallidis, obscurius fusco-cinctis ; costa basin versus

modice dilatata, costa venaque subcostali distantibus, basin et api-

cem versus convergentibus ; area apicali septima octava breviore.

4, P. coelebs.—Sericea, supra testacea, subtus cum pedibus

grisea; capite superne alisque sordide flavescentibus, verticis

medio fasciaque laterali apicali, fronte, macula basali excepta,

maculis duabus minutis pone medium thoracis, scutelli maculis

duabus basalibus mediis, macula oblonga discoidali aliaque

maxima utrimque laterali oblongo-obtriangulari, a basi ultra

medium extensa, nec non dorso abdominis, nigris; ventre

fusco ; tegminibus a basi ultra medium pallide infuscato-

nebulosis et griseo-sericeis, apicem versus vitreis, anastomo-

sibus maculisque apicali et subapicali venarum longitudinalium

fuscis ; alis apicem versus levissime infuscatis, limbo sordide

albido, medio levissime infusecato. ¢

Long. 23, exp. tegm. 68 mill.

India orient. (Mus. Brit.)

Quoad staturam, latitudinem limbi apicalis tegminum alarumque

et formam thoracis P. subrufe affinis, fronte obtusiore, multo

minus prominente, coloribus picturaque distinctissima. Vertex

oculo transverso plus duplo latior, ocellis ab oculis quam inter se

fere triplo longius remotis. Frons paullo plus quam tertiam par-

tem faciei occupans. Thorax a basi longe ultra medium sensim

dilatatus, dein rotundatus et subito angustatus. Costa modice dila-

tata, vena subcostali et costa per totam longitudinem contiguis.

Area tegminum apicalis septima octava brevior. Limbus apicalis

tegminum alarumque eequi-latus, illorum limbus impictus. Oper-

cula latitudine maxima nonnihil longiora, flavo-grisea, basi

infuscata.

VOL, I, THIRD SERIES, PART vil.—octT. 1863. RR

574 D. Stal Hemipterorum

PRasIA, n. g.

Caput parvum, thoracis antico haud latius, vertice angusto ;

fronte compressa, valde prominente, basin versus angustata.

Antennarum articulus primus elongatus. Thorax postice quam

antice latior, margine antico utrimque leviter elevato, subrecto,

limbo postico angusto, angulis basalibus retrorsum leviter pro-

ductis. Tegmina vix marginata, areolis apicalibus octo, venis

ulnaribus basi distantibus, anastomosibus duabus exterioribus

opposite obliquis. Alz angustissime marginate, areolis apica-

libus sex.

Cystosomati affine genus.

1. P. faticina.—Pallidissime subolivaceo-flavescens ; tegmini-

bus alisque sordide hyalinis, illorum margine costali ultra

medium albido; thorace antrorsum sensim angustato. @

Long. 28, exp. tegm. 80 mill.

Celebes. (Mus. Brit.)

Vertex oculo transverso nonnihil latior. Ocelli postici inter se

et ab oculis aque longe distantes. ‘Thorax ab apice retrorsum

sensim ampliatus, postice quam antice circiter duplo latior, mar-

ginibus lateralibus, rugee crassiuscule instar, prominulis. Teg-

mina abdomine duplo longiora, areis apicalibus quarta, quinta,

sexta et septima longissimis, tertia prima et octava nonnihil lon-

giore, secunda omnium brevissima, area basali interna apice sat

acuta. Femora antica subtus trispinosa, spina subapicali minutis-

sima, subbasali nutante, reliquis majore. ;

2. P. Hariola.—Griseo-straminea; tegminibus alisque sordide

hyalinis, illorum margine costali ultra medium albido; thorace

utrimque distincte sinuato. &

Long. 21, exp. tegm. 60 mill.

Insula Mysol. (Coll. Stal.)

Preecedenti similis, minor, forma thoracis mox distinguenda.

Vertex oculo transverso paullo latior. Ocelli postici inter se

quam ad oculos paullo magis approximati. Thorax margine

antico subelevato, lateribus obtusissimis, fere ab apice ad medium

parallelis, dein postice subito ampliatis. Tegmina areolis apicali-

bus prima, tertia, quarta, quinta et sexta longissimis. Femora

antica subtus apicem versus. bispinosa (spina tertia subbasali

lesa ?).

Exoticorum Descriptiones. 575

Cutorocysta, Westw.

1. C. macrula.—Lezete virescens ; tegminibus alisque hyalinis,

viridi-venosis, illis obsoletissime virescente-indutis ; margini-

bus lateralibus thoracis fere ab apice ultra medium parallelis,

basi ipsa ampliatis ; abdomine leviter inflato. ¢

Long. 21, exp. tegm. 44 mill.

Moreton Bay. (Mus. Brit.)

C. vitripenni affinis, minor, thorace basi nec pone medium

utrimque ampliato, abdomineque multo minus inflato distinctissima.

Vertex oculo transverso paullo plus duplo latior, ocellis posticis

inter se quam ad oculos paullo magis approximatis. Thorax

antice capiti eequilatus, basi ipsa utrimque ampliatus. Tegmina

areolis apicalibus undecim, ante illas areolis octo minoribus. Alee

areolis apicalibus quinque. Femora antica trispinosa.

AcRILLA, N. g.

_ Caput parvum, thoracis antico paullo angustius, vertice angusto ;

fronte plus quam dimidium latitudinis faciei occupante, paullo

prominente. Antennarum articulus primus brevis. Rostrum coxas

intermedias haud superans. Thorax lateribus haud dilatatis.

Tegmina non nisi apice angustissime marginata, abdominis apicem

haud superantia, venis ulnaribus basi distantibus, areolis apicalibus

undecim, areola discoidali venas longitudinales sex postice emit-

tente. Ala anguste marginate, areolis apicalibus septem. Ab-

domen maris valde inflatum, tympanis detectis, operculis minutis

brevissimis. Pedes mediocres, femoribus anticis incrassatis, tri-

spinosis.

Chlorocyst@ affine genus.

1. A. adipata.—Pallide sordide straminea; tegminibus alisque

sordide hyalinis, stramineo-venosis. &

Long. 32, exp. tegm. 60 mill.

Insula Mysol. (Coll. W. W. Saunders.)

Vertex oculo transverso vix duplo latior, ocellis posticis inter

se et ab oculis aque longe remotis. Thorax lateribus obtusissi-

mis, medio et apice eeque latus, ante medium utrimque levissime

rotundatus, postice subito ampliatus, impressionibus sat profundis,

limbo postico angusto. ‘Tegmina costa venaque subcostali con-

tiguis, illa haud dilatata; areola basali interiore versus medium

levissime ampliata; areolis apicalibus prima, sexta, septima, octava

et nona valde elongatis.

RR2

576

D. Stal Hemipterorum

Gzana, Am. et Serv.

G. Sibylla.—Nigra; tegminibus a basi vix ad medium sub-_

olivaceo-fiavis ; alis ultra medium lutescentibus.

Long. 42, exp. tegm. 112 mill.

Tringany. (Mus. Brit.)

Statura G. maculate. Frons valde tumida. Thorax antice

capite nonnihil angustior, Jateribus ab apice ad medium parallelis,

dein subito ampliatis. Tegmina costa et vena subcostali per totam

longitudinem sat distantibus, venis ulnaribus basi sat distantibus,

areis apicalibus longissimis, prima, quarta et sexta eequilongis.

Opercula subtriangularia, apice rotundata.

Horttnus, Am. et Serv.

H. ccelestinus.— Dilute viridi-olivaceus, ventre pedibusque

nigro-fuscis ; capite obscure fusco-testaceo ; tegminibus pal-

lide sordide alliaceis, fasciis tribus nigricantibus, virescente-

venosis, prima prope basin posita lata, vix nisi in clavo

distinguenda, secunda paullo ante medium posita angusta,

medio angustissima, tertia lata, ipsa maculis tribus olivaceis

pallide virescentibus ornata, parte apicali pone hance fasciam

griseo-albida, maculis olivaceis pallido-cinctis adspersa,

areolis apicalibus disco fuscis ; alis pulcherrime azureis,

parte apicali nigra. @

Long. 41, exp. tegm. 90 mill.

Cambodia. (Coll. Stal.)

Species coloribus picturaque maxime insignis, H. ducali affinis,

processu capitis longiore, fusco-testaceo, valde curvato, ab illo et

congenericis distinctissima. Caput a basi apicem versus sensim

compresso-angustatum, corpore paullo longius, superne ante me-

dium haud impressum.

H, ducalis.—Testaceus ; pedibus obscurioribus, tibiis, tar-

sis, antennis, nec non ventre nigricantibus ; tegminibus sor-

dide virescente-albidis, apicem versus nigro-fuscis, virescente-

venosis, maculis nonnullis ante medium seriebus tribus trans-

versis dispositis, fascia lata pone medium, maculis nonnullis

parvis, albido-cinctis, pone illam fasciam positis, viridi-venosis,

parte apicali guttulis albidis parce adspersa; alis albido-

viridibus, parte apicali nigra; capitis cornu longissimo,

usque ad apicem sensim compresso-angustato, modice cur-

vato. g @

Long. 42—46, exp. tegm. 80—94 mill.

Exoticorum Descriptiones. 577

. ° °

Cambodia. (Mus. Brit. et Coll. Stal.)

H. candelario statura similis, protuberantia capitis longiore, a

latere visa latiore, carinis frontalibus distinctioribus.

ALCATHOUS, n. g.

Caput thorace multo angustius, protuberans, fronte prope

apicem nonnihil rotundato-ampliata, dein sursum distinete angus-

tata, tricarinata; clypeo carina media instructo. Rostrum apicem

abdominis subattingens. Antenne breves, articulo secundo bre-

vissime subcylindrico, apice oblique truncato. Thorax medio

unicarinatus, antice medio nonnihil productus, parte producta

truncata, margine postico recto. Scutellum tricarinatum, thorace

duplo longius. ‘Tegmina apicem versus nonnihil ampliata, apice

oblique obtuse rotundata, venis longitudinalibus raro furcatis, in-

teriore simplici, parte tantum tertia apicali venulis transversis

remotis, irregulariter anastomosantibus, instructa. Ale parte

plus quam dimidia basali venulis transversis destitute. Pedes

mediocres, femoribus anterioribus subtus leviter dilatatis, tibiis

posticis quinque- vel sex-spinosis.

Hotino affine genus.

1. A. fecialis.—Lividus, dorso abdominis alisque coccineis ex-

ceptis, minute fusco-conspersus, hic illic infuscatus; teg-

minibus fusco-nebulosis, horum maculis parvis costalibus,

alarum apice, limbo lato postico, maculisque nonnullis prope

aream analem, maculis dorsi abdominis in seriebus duabus

dispositis, annulisque tibiarum nigricantibus; femoribus fus-

cescentibus, obscurius irroratis, pallido-fasciatis. @

Long. 15, exp. tegm. 32 mill.

India orient. bor. (Mus. Brit.)

Caput thorace scutelloque ad unum paullo brevius, parte pro-

ducta nonnihil ante oculos subsubito angustata et compressa, ante

medium transversim impressa et nonnihil reflexa; vertice basi

oculo transverso pius duplo latiore, parte dimidia basali triangu-

lari, parte apicali angustissima; fronte infra medium plana, carinis

tribus parallelis instructa, carina media medio interrupta. Venule

transverse tegminum subrufescentes.

Harioa, n. g.

Caput thorace multo angustius, ante oculos valde productum,

vertice basi sinuato, fronte carinis destituta, prope apicem utrim-

que nonnihil ampliata, dein sursum angustata; clypeo carinis

578 D. Stal HHemipterorum

destituto. Rostrum vix pone medium ventris productum. An-

tennee brevissime, articulo secundo subgloboso. ‘Thorax antice

pone verticem rotundato-prominens, medio carinatus, margine

basali vix sinuato. Scutellum thorace fere dimidio longius, trica-

rinatum. Tegmina apicem versus sensim leviter ampliata, apice

rotundata, venis longitudinalibus parce furcatis, venulis trans-

versis remotis, per tota tegmina sparsis. Ale, parte basali ex-

cepta, venulis remotis instructee. Pedes mediocres, simplices,

tibiis posticis sex-spinosis.

Alcathoo affine genus, fronte ecarinata, forma articuli secundi

antennarum, ut et distributione venularum tegminum distinctum.

1. H. tiarata.—Livida; fronte dilute, clypeo obscurius infus-

catis, illius angulis apicalibus albidis ; fasciis pedum anterio-

rum femorumque posticorum nec non articulo apicali tarsorum

nigro-fuscis ; tegminibus a basi fere ultra medium dilute

ferrugineis, opacis, parte ferruginea apice profunde sinuata,

ad costam et in clavo parce fusco-maculata, parte dimidia

fere apicali alisque vitreis, illa apicem versus maculis fuscis

conspersa, his basi ipsa sordide flavescentibus; abdomine

dorso rufescente, segmentis apice anguste fusco-limbatis,

subtus parce nigro-consperso, limbis lateralibus latis par-

teque apicali nigris. @

Long. 15, exp. tegm. 34 mill.

Amboina. (Coll. W. W. Saunders.)

Caput thorace vix dimidio angustius, scutello eequilongum,

parte producta ultra medium leviter dein magis angustata, ad

medium horizontali, dein sursum flexa; vertice basi oculo trans-

verso duplo laticre, ad medium leviter dein ante medium subito

maxime angustato, angulis posticis retrorsum et leviter sursum

prominulis ; fronte sursum ultra medium parum dein magis

angustata, infra medium planiuscula, dein antrorsum producta,

longius superiora versus reclinata, apice supra clypeum trans-

versim leviter depressa, ‘Thorax latera versus macula parva

nigra notatus.

Unasta, n. g.

Caput thorace multo angustius, protuberans, parte producta

paullo ante oculos subito valde compresso-angustata, plus minus

sursum vergente; vertice transversim excavato, marginibus late-

ralibus, presertim postice, dilatatis et elevatis; fronte prope

apicem nonnihil rotundato-ampliata, dein sursum sensim distincte

Exoticorum Descriptiones. 579

angustata, carinis tribus parallelis instructa ; clypeo fronte angus-

tiore, medio carinato. Antennee breves, articulo secundo trans-

verso, ab insertione sursum producto. Rostrum ventris medium

haud superans. Thorax antice pone verticem angulato-productus,

unicarinatus, margine postico vix vel levissime sinuato. Scutel-

lum tricarinatum, thorace duplo longius. Tegmina apicem versus

subampliata, apice oblique obtuse rotundata, pone medium venulis

transversis remotis numerosis, ante medium venulis nullis vel

raris instructa. Ala, parte vix dimidia basali excepta, venulis

transversis instructee. Pedes mediocres, simplices, tibiis posticis

normaliter quinque-spinosis, spina basali superna destitutis.

Aphane affine genus.

1. U. Saundersi.—Olivaceo-fuscescens, cornu capitis erecto ;

tegminibus subdilute flavo- vel virescente-olivaceis, apicem

versus pallidioribus, maculis magnitudine variabilibus fuscis

conspersis ; alis vitreis, interdum dilute vinaceis, parte cir-

citer quarta basali crocea, limbo postico et apicali pallide

fuscescente ; abdomine sanguineo, dorso seriebus duabus

macularum nigrarum ornato; genitalibus nigris; pedibus

obscure fusco-annulatis. @

Long. 14, exp. tegm. 36 mill.

Insula Aru. (Mus. Brit.) Ins. Waigiu. (Coll. W. W. Saun-

ders.)

Vertex basi oculo transverso nonnihil latior, antrorsum nonnihil

angustatus ; cornu erecto, a latere viso medio subdilatato, apice

acuminato. Tegmina pone medium prope marginem costalem

macula oblique transversa pallide sordide flavescente, interdum

minus distincta, ornata. Femora postica interdum in sanguineum

vergentia.

2. U. magica.—-Minus obscure fusco-olivacea; tegminibus

sordide flavo-olivaceis, fusco-nebulosis; alis vitreis, fusco-

venosis, parte circiter quarta basali crocea; abdomine dorso

sanguineo, segmentis duobus ultimis latera versus macula

nigra notatis, subtus fusco-sanguineo ; parte apicali femorum,

tibiis tarsisque fuscis, pallido-maculatis ; cornu capitis ob-

lique sursum et antrorsum producto. ¢

Long. 14, exp. tegm. 32 mill.

Insula Mysol. (Mus. Brit.)

U. Saundersi valde affinis, capitis cornu longiore, scutello tho-

raceque ad unum nonnihil breviore, nec scutello solo subbreviore,

580 D. Stal Hemipterorum

antrorsum nutante, vertice nonnihil longiore et postice paullo an-

gustiore distincta.

BELBINA, N. g.

Caput thorace angustius, sat longe protuberans, marginibus

lateralibus verticis leviter elevatis, posterius subdilatatis; fronte

sursum sensim angustata, carinis duabus obsoletis instructa ;

clypeo ecarinato. Antenne breves, articulo secundo breviter

subcylindrico. Thorax medio alte carinatus, antice pone verticem

obtuse productus, disco bi-impressus, margine postico latissime

sinuato. Scutellum thorace dimidio longius. Tegmina apicem

versus nonnibil ampliata, venulis transversis ante medium rariss1-

mis, apicem versus numerosioribus, inter se haud anastomosanti-

bus. Pedes simplices, tibiis posticis sex-spinosis.

Aphane affine genus, ad quod pertinet Enchophora sicca, Walk.

Aruana, Guér.

1, A. Thetis.—Subdilute sordide sanguinea; vertice oculo

transverso plus duplo latiore, utrimque latera versus ruga

longitudinali instructo, marginibus lateralibus reflexis et

leviter elevatis, margine antico versus medium valde reflexo ;

fronte latitudine nonnihil longiore, lateribus supra medium

parallelis, infra medium leviter ampliatis, hic tamen etiam

parallelis et levissime sinuatis, minus distincte vermiculato-

rugosa, areis basin versus distinctis, equilongis, supra me=

dium oculorum conjunctim subito angustatis, media truncata,

superiora versus leviter angustata; e plica inter frontem et

apicem emittitur corniculum parvum cylindricum reflexum,

verticis longitudinem haud superans; thorace medio ruga

lineari longitudinali leviter elevata instructo, antice pone

verticem truncato, pone oculos obtuse sinuato; tegminibus

partibus circiter duabus quintis apicalibus dense reticulatis,

apicem versus sensim ampliatis, apice oblique rotundatis ;

tiblis posticis quadri-spinosis, preeterea basi superne spina

brevi armatis; tegminum alarumque parte apicali griseo-

testacea, harum limbo postico sordide albido.

Var. sanguiflua.—Tegminibus sordide, alis purius sanguineis,

ilorum parte sanguinea apice bis obtuse angulato-producta, inter

angulos obtuse sinuata; alarum parte apicali albido-farinosa. @

Long. 22, exp. tegm. 71 mill.

Celebes, Menado. (Coll. W. W. Saunders.)

Var. arcuigera.—Tegminibus ultra medium fusco-virescentibus,

ante medium maculis nonnullis indeterminatis et medio fascia

Exoticorum Descriptiones. 581

irregulari flavescente-testaceis ornatis, hac fascia fusco-viridi-

guttata, parte tegminis fusco-viridi apice fascia abbreviata arcuata

nigra terminata ; alis dilutius fusco-virescentibus, leetius trans-

versim viridi-venosis, area anali intus sanguinea. @

Long. 20, exp. tegm. 65 mill.

Makassar. (Coll. W. W. Saunders.)

2. A. Daphne.—Testacea, in sanguineum vergens ; tegminibus

alisque ultra medium fusco-virescentibus, illorum fascia ab-

breviata media sordide straminea, parte fusco-virescente

apice latissime sinuata, ibidem fascia angusta, abbreviata, ni-

gricante terminata, partibus duabus quintis apicalibus fuscis,

pallido-venosis; alarum parte apicali fuscescente-testacea,

limbo postico parteque interiore areze analis sordide albidis. 2

Long. 21, exp. tegm. 66 mill.

Menado. (Coll. W. W. Saunders.)

Preecedenti affinis ; coloribus exceptis, parvam differentiam de-

tegere potui; corniculo capitis breviore, marginem anticum re-

flexum verticis vix superante, thorace retrorsum nonnihil minus

ampliato, tegminibus proportionaliter latioribus, horumque parte

basali colorata apice per totam latitudinem late sinuata, nec medio

tantum sinuata, nec ad extremitates sinus angulato-productis dif-

fert.

BigDANTIS, n. g.

Caput latum, thorace nonnihil angustius, haud protuberans ;

vertice transverso, basi apiceque late sinuato; fronte apice

utrimque nonnihil ampliata, dein leviter angustata, basi leviter

reclinata, latitudine haud longiore, vertice haud vel vix altiore,

carinis distinctis destituta; clypeo ecarinato. Rostrum apicem

abdominis haud attingens. Antenne breves, articulo secundo

transverso. ‘Thorax antice pone verticem leviter rotundato-pro-

ductus, obtuse unicarinatus, margine basali distincte late sinuato.

Scutellum thorace plus duplo longius, tricarinatum. Tegmina

subangusta, tota venulis transversis remotis instructa. Alee, basi

excepta, transversim venose. Pedes mediocres, simplices, tibiis

posticis normaliter sex-spinosis, basi ipsa imermibus.

Aphane affine genus, capite lato, fronte breviore, tegminibus

totis transversim venosis preesertim distinctum.

1. B. decens.—Pallide olivaceo-flavescens ; vittis quinque

frontis, nee basin nec apicem attingentibus, thoracis maculis

582 D. Stal Hemipterorum

duabus parvis lateralibus fasciolisque duabus, una inter

carinas laterales, altera infra carinam inferiorem, nigris ;

tegminibus a basi ad medium ferrugineis, parte hac ferrugi-

nea apice profunde sinuata et apicem versus fusco-guttulata,

parte apicali vitrea, apicem versus fusco-guttulata, limbo

costali flavo-olivaceo, pone medium fusco-maculato; alis

vitreis, basi sanguineis; abdomine dorso nigro, sanguineo-

fasciato; annulo medio apiceque tibiarum anteriorum tar-

sisque anterioribus nigricantibus.

Long. 14, exp. tegm. 39 mill.

Insulee Aru. (Mus. Brit.)

Poeoceras quasdam, apice tegminum vitreo instructas, simulans.

Vertex oculo transverso fere duplo latior. Frons sursum sensim

leviter angustata, sat dense aciculata, parce punctulata, parte

basali reflexa angulum obtusum formante, ad carinam obtusam

transversam verticis producta.

2. B. delibuta. — Pallide testaceo-flavescens; vittula laterali

clypei, vittis tribus frontis, nonnihil supra medium abbre-

viatis, limboque basali, nigro-fuscis ; clypeo medio vittis dua-

bus approximatis, dilute brunnescentibns ; tegminibus flavo-

ferrugineo-pellucidis, ferrugineo-venosis, limbo costali in

olivaceum vergente ; alis vitreis, basi pallide sanguineis.

Exp. tegm. 37 mill.

Insula Ternate. (Coll. Stal.)

B. decenti valde affinis ; fronte disco subtiliter rugulosa, mar-

ginibus lateralibus supra medium parallelis, parte basali reflexa

late rotundata, pone marginem anticum verticis haud producta.

Tegminum apice et abdomine exempli descripti mutilatis.

GEBENNA, N. g.

Caput latiusculum, thorace angustius, haud protuberans; ver-

tice transverso, margine antico recto, postico late sinuato; fronte

subquadrata, ad clypeum utrimque nonnihil ampliata, area media

sursum ampliata, apice Jate subtruncata, ante verticis marginem

apicalem prominula, haud reflexa; clypeo ecarinato. Antenne ar-

ticulo secundo transverso, ab insertione sursum producto. Tho-

rax medio unicarinatus, apice pone verticem rotundato-productus.

Scutellum thorace circiter dimidio longius. Tegmina apicem ver-

sus vix ampliata, apice rotundata, margine costali recto, venis

longitudinalibus raro furcatis, venulis transversis per tota tegmina

remote sparsis. Ale pone medium remote transversim venose.

Exoticorum Descriptiones. 583

Pedes simplices, tibiis posticis quadrispinosis, basi ipsa nec spi-

nosis nec tuberculatis.

Aphane affine genus.

1. G. Sylvia.—Pallide griseo-flavescens ; fronte, vertice, tho-

racis scutellique disco minute nigro-irroratis; thorace scu-

telloque utrimque maculis parvis nigris conspersis ; tegmini-

bus a basi ultra medium dilute rufescente-ferrugineis, remote

nigro-conspersis, limbo costali pallide olivaceo-virescente, ©

parte apicali vitrea, fusco-conspersa et maculata ; alis vitreis,

basin versus pallide virescentibus, maculis tribus magnis

irregularibus subconfluentibus nigro-fuscis ante medium

ornatis; abdomine dorso nigro, segmentis apice olivaceo-

marginatis, seriebus quattuor longitudinalibus macularum

irregularium griseo-flavescentium ornato; ventris segmentis

utrimque nigro-maculatis, basi interrupte nigro-fasciatis ; pe- °

dibus nigro-multifasciatis. @

Long. 13, exp. tegm. 39 mill.

India orientalis. (Mus. Brit.)

Vertex oculo transverso fere ter latior, marginibus nonnihil

elevatis. Frons remote subtiliter rugulosa, sursum leviter angus-

tata. Thorax minus distincte rugulosus. Scutellum disco sub-

tiliter rugulosum.

ACARNA, 0. g.

Caput ante oculos plus minus prominens vel productum, tho-

race angustius; fronte prope apicem angulato-ampliata, dein

angustata; clypeo triangulari, marginibus obtusis. Articulus

apicalis rostri brevissimus. Ocelli distincti. Antenne breves,

articulo secundo brevissime cylindrico, Thorax basi subtrunca-

tus, antice medio productus, carinis duabus divergentibus, postice

abbreviatis, distinctioribus, et una media obsoleta instructus.

Seutellum triangulare. Tegmina vitrea vel pellucida, elongata,

clavo apice acuto, venis duabus longitudinalibus pone medium in

unam conjunctis ; corio venis tribus longitudinalibus longe a basi

furcatis, ex areola basali emissis, vena interiore ad suturam clavi

valde approximata, venulis transversis partis apicalis numero

variabilibus. Pedes longiusculi, graciles, tibiis anticis leviter di-

latatis, posticis pone medium trispinosis.

Pseudophane affine genus, structura capitis thoracis pedumque

distinctissimum.

584 D. Stal Hemipterorum

I. Capite protuberante ; clavo venulis transversis nonnullis instructo.

1. A. rostrifera.—Sordide flavescente-albida; vittis uabus

signaturaque anchoriformi clypei, processu capitis superne,

thoracis vittulis duabus dorsalibus mediis, una utrimque

marginali, maculisque duabus minutis partis lateralis deflexe,

corii macula pone apicem clavi, fascia curvata prope apicem,

apice, linea transversa subapicali nec non clavi margine com-

missurali, apice alarum, fascia subapicali femorum anterio-

rum, fuscia lata ante medium, parteque apicali tibiarum ante-

riorum, fuscis aut nigro-fuscis. ¢

Long. 12, exp. tegm. 31 mill.

Insula Mysol. (Coll. W. W. Saunders.)

Caput ante oculos longe protuberans, thorace scutelloque ad

unum nonnihil longius, protuberantia tetragona, apice subgloboso-

incrassata, et hic carinis destituta; vertice basi carinula obsoleta

instructo; fronte carinis tribus, versus apicem protuberantize

evanescentibus, instructa, carinis lateralibus undalatis. Corium

venis longitudinalibus, preesertim vena prima, sat longe ante me-

dium furcatis, parte vix dimidia apicali venulis transversis remotis

instructa; pterostigmate venulis oblique transversis circiter sex

instructo.

II. Capite haud protuberante, ante oculos paullo promimente.

A. Tegminibus vitreis; pterostigmate venulis transversis sex vel

octo imstructo.

a. Clavo venulis transversis destituto.

2. A. notaticollis.—Testaceo-albida, carinis lateralibus frontis,

marginibus verticis, lateribusque scutelli rufescente-indutis ;

maculis duabus basalibus vel fascia basali frontis, macula

utrimque marginali maculisque parvis mediis thoracis nigris ;

tegminum apice nebulaque oblonga interiore prope apicem

fuscescentibus, macula orbiculari subapicali nigro-fusea. ¢

Long. 10, exp. tegm. 31 mill.

Insula Batschian. (Coll. W. W. Saunders. )

Vertex subquadratus, apice leviter rotundatus, oculo transverso

distincte latior. Frons latitudine maxima nonnihil longior, lateri-

bus supra medium subparallelis, carinis sat distinctis, lateralibus

basin versus convergentibus, basin haud attingentibus. Tegmina

ultra medium sensim levissime ampliata, dein apicem versus

leviter angustata, venulis transversis partis apicalis minus nume-

rosis. Femora postica extus fusco-vyittata.

Exoticorum Descriptiones. 585

b. Clavo postice venulis transversis duabus vel una instructo.

3. A. conviva.—Testaceo-albida ; clypei lineis tribus longitu-

dinalibus, frontis basi, carinis, macula in angulis lateralibus

serieque laterali granulorum parum elevatorum, verticis fascia

angusta subapicali intramarginali maculisque duabus posticis,

thoracis maculis parvis circiter octo dorsalibus et una in

parte deflexa laterali, hujus etiam fascia ad carinam superi-

orem, scutelli maculis tribus lateralibus in seriem obliquam

dispositis, fasciis abdominis angustis, laminaque superiore

genitalium nigricantibus ; tegminum annulo communi pone

clavi apicem nec non apice fuscis, parte apicali fusca, apice

dilutiore; marginibus frontis testaceis; tibiis anterioribus

leviter infuscatis, basi et medio pallidioribus. ¢

Long. 9, exp. tegm. 28 mill.

Insula Mysol. (Coll. W. W. Saunders.)

4, A. ustulata.—Testaceo-albida; clypei lineis tribus longitu-

dinalibus, frontis seriebus duabus granulorum, verticis ma-

culis quattuor (4.4) parvis, anterioribus minoribus, thoracis

maculis circiter octo dorsalibus et duabus in parte laterali

deflexa, scutelli maculis parvis lateralibus tribus, genitali-

busque nigricantibus ; corio apice fusco, pterostigmate tes-

taceo-flavescente ; tibiis anterioribus leviter infuscatis, medio

pallidioribus.

Long. 9, exp. tegm. 28 mill.

Insula Aru. (Mus. Brit.)

Preecedenti maxime affinis, an ejus varietas? Quoad formam

tegminum ad 4. rostriferam appropinquat. Vertex oculo trans-

verso nonnihil angustior, latitudine vix brevior. Frons supra

medium sursum sensim leviter angustata, Tegmina ultra medium

sensim leviter ampliata, dein apicem versus leviter angustata.

B. Tegminibus vitreis, pterostigmate nullo.

5. A. orba.—Testaceo-albida; fascia basali frontis, macula

parva media alteraque utrimque marginali thoracis nigris ;

tegminibus limbo apicali et interiore pone clavum infuscatis,

macula subapicali nigro-fusca.

Long. 8, exp. tegm. 23 mill.

Insula Mysol. (Coll. W. W. Saunders.)

A. notaticolli similis. Vertex latitudine nonnihil longior, oculo

transverso vix latior. Frons a medio sursum distincte angustata,

586 D. Stal H emipterorum

latitudine maxima nonnihil longior. Tegmina ultra medium le-

vissime ampliata, dein apicem versus leviter angustata, apice

rotundata, venulis transversis partis apicalis minus numerosis.

Femora postica extus ante medium infuscata.

C. Te minibus coloratis, pellucidis, clavo venulis transversis com-

) 3

pluribus instructo.

6. A. pupillata.—Pallide sordide sanguinea, pedibus tegmini-

busque obscurioribus, his apicem versus fusco-luridis, fascia

pallida ibidem instructis, macula subapicali nigra, ipsa ma-

cula minuta albida notata, ante maculam illam nigram linea

transversa arcuata fusca ornatis;.alis infuscatis, apice obscu-

rioribus. ¢

Long. 15, exp. tegm. 44 mill.

Dory, Nova Guinea. (Mus. Brit.)

Caput ante oculos nonnihil prominens, vertice oculo transverso

plus duplo latiore, latitudine nonnihil breviore, apice rotundato ;

fronte latitudini maximee eequilonga, supra medium sursum levis-

sime angustata, carinis tribus distinctis, lateralibus basin versus

convergentibus, basin haud attingentibus. Tegmina apicem versus

sensim levissime ampliata, apice rotundata, costa duplicata, spatio

angustissimo inter costam et venam intracostalem venulis trans-

versis obsoletis instructo, venulis transversis partis apicalis

numerosissimis.

Hemispuertius, Schaum.

I. Vertice oculo subequilato.

1. H. circumcinctus.—Latissime ovalis, subrotundatus, griseo-

stramineus, superne in pallide-olivaceum vergens ; tegminum

limbo laterali vittaque arcuata prope limbum et cum hoc

parallela, fronte, excepta parte apicali purius straminea, clypeo-

que castaneis; tegminum vitta, inter limbum lateralem et

vittam castaneam, straminea; coxis anterioribus, basi apice-

que exceptis, nec non apice spinarum tibiarum posticarum

nigris ; fronte latitudine distincte nonnihil longiore, rugulosa,

fere tota plana. ¢

Long. 5 mill. :

Insula Mysol. (Coll. W. W. Saunders.)

2. H. vittiger.—-Rotundatus, niger; fascia apicali frontis, ver-

tice, thorace, vitta scutelli, tegminum vitta prope commissu-

ram posterius abbreviata vittaque prope marginem lateralem

Exoticorum Descriptiones. 587

pallide stramineis ; pedibus fasciisque ventris pallide testaceo-

flavescentibus, spinis tibiarum posticarum nigris ; fronte

strigulosa, infra medium plana, supra medium convexo-

reclinata, latitudine maxima vix longiore. ¢

Long. 4 mill.

Insula Ke. (Coll. W. W. Saunders.)

3. H. teniatus.—Rotundatus, pallidissime subcastaneus, subtus

cum pedibus griseo-stramineus ; frontis fascia apicali, vertice,

thorace, vitta scutelli, vittis duabus tegminum, postice con-

junctis, una prope commissuram, altera prope marginem

lateralem et cum hoc parallela, pallide virescentibus; clypeo,

maculis basali et apicali femorum anteriorum, nec non spinis

tibiarum posticarum nigris; fronte longitrorsum convexius-

cula, latitudine vix longiore. ¢

Long. 4 mill.

Insula Waigiu. (Coll. W. W. Saunders.)

4, H. signatus.—Pallidissime olivaceo-virescens, clypeo, macu-

lis basali et apicali femorum anteriorum, femoribus posticis,

apice spinarum basique tibiarum posticarum, nec non annulo

magno, intus aperto, utriusque tegminis nigris ; fronte levi-

uscula, convexiuscula, latitudini aquilonga. ¢

Long. 5 miil.

Insula Batschian. (Coll. W. W. Saunders.)

5. H. tristis—Rotundatus, supra cum capite niger; subtus cum

pedibus posticis griseo-stramineus, pedibus anterioribus dilute

sanguineis ; fronte aciculata, latitudini subequilonga, hujus

fascia apicali, vertice thoraceque stramineis. ¢

Long. 5 mill.

Insula Batschian. (Coll. W. W. Saunders.)

6. H. fasciatus. —Latiuscule ovalis, pallide subolivaceo-strami-

neus, frontis medio infuscato ; clypeo, fasciis duabus tegmi-

num extus abbreviatis, femoribus posticis, fasciisque ventris

nigro-castaneis ; fronte latitudine distincte longiore, subtiliter

rugulosa.

Long. 4 mill.

Insula Mysol. (Coll. W. W. Saunders.)

7. H. pullatus.—Supra cum capite niger, subtus cum pedibus

flavo-testaceus ; frontis fascia apicali, vertice, thorace, vitta

588

D. Stal emipterorum

scutelli, tegminum lineis duabus posterius abbreviatis, una

prope commissuram, altera prope marginem costalem et

basin versus ad hunc valde approximata, pallide stramineis ;

fronte subtiliter rugulosa, latitudini eequilonga. $

Long. 5 mill.

Insula Ceram. (Coll. Stal.)

H1. iatipes.—Late ovalis, dilute testaceo-flavescens ; femori-

bus anterioribus subtus dilatatis, horum macula in parte

dilatata, tibiis anterioribus superne, spinis tibiarum postica-

rum, macula parva angulorum lateralium frontis, tegminibus-

que nigris, horum limbo costali lato ante medium flavo-

testaceo; fronte convexiuscula, latitudine sublongiore.

Long. 44 mill.

Insula Ceram. (Coll. Stal.)

II. Vertice oculo transverso distincte angustiori.

H. viilicus.—Latissime ovalis, dilute castaneus ; vertice, vitta

thoracis scutellique, vittis tegminum duabus angustis, postice

conjunctis, una commissurali, altera ab angulo humerali, prope

marginem costalem currente et ab hac sensim divergente,

nec non vittula discoidali, flavis; fronte convexiuscula,

latitudine nonnihil longiore, hujus macula magna discoidali

apicem attingente, clypeo, maculis interioribus basali et

apicali femorum anteriorum, femoribus posticis, carina ex-

teriore tibiarum anteriorum, apiceque spinarum tibiarum

posticarum, nigris. &

Long. 43 mill.

Insula Mysol. (Coll. W. W. Saunders.)

10. H. pulcherrimus.—Late ovalis, niger, subtus cum pedibus

griseo-stramineus ; femoribus anterioribus marginibusque

angustis lateralibus frontis nec non thorace dilute sanguineis;

clypei limbo basali, frontis limbis basali et apicali, nec non

vitta laterali intramarginali prope apicem abbreviata, vertice,

vitta scutelli, tegminum vitta prope marginem costalem vitta-

que commissurali, postice conjunctis, dilute flavescentibus ;

tegminum disco rotundato communi pallide castaneo ; fronte

latitudine paullo longiore, subtiliter aciculata, convexius-

culas

Long. 4 mill.

Insula Batschian. (Coll. W. W. Saunders.)

Exoticorum Descriptiones. 589

1]. H. viduus.—Latissime ovalis, fusco-castaneus, fronte supra

medium pallidiore ; subtus cum pedibus griseo-stramineus ;

linea femorum anteriorum, femoribus posticis, carina tibiarum

anteriorum apiceque spinarum tibiarum posticarum nigris ;

tegminibus limbo costali, posterius latiore, sordide stramineo ;

fronte leevi, nitida, latitudini subeequilonga. &

Long. 3 mill.

Insula Mysol. (Coll. W. W. Saunders.)

BaRDUNIA, n. g.

Corpus ovatum, depressum. Caput thorace nonnihil angustius,

fronte tota breviter cylindrico-producta; vertice basi leviter sinu-

ato; clypeo ecarinato, sat convexo. Thorax basi truncatus,

antice pone verticem rotundato-productus, haud carinatus. Scu-

tellum thorace plus dimidio longius, ecarinatum. Tegmina cori-

acea, oblonga, convexa, venis longitudinalibus furcatis et ramulos

longitudinales emittentibus, venulis transversis nullis; clavo teg-

mine dimidio haud longiore, apice acuto, venis duabus, pone

medium in unam conjunctis, instructo. Ala tegminibus latiores,

apicem versus dilatatz, irregulariter reticulate, profunde fissz.

Pedes longi, femoribus anterioribus subtus apicem versus sensim

nonnihil dilatatis, tibiis paulle brevioribus; tibiis posticis tri-

spinosis, spina una prope basin, reliquis duabus pone medium

positis ; tarsis posticis articulo primo apicalibus duobus ad unum

paullo breviore.

Flavine affine genus, structura singulari capitis, tiblisque pos-

ticis trispinosis preesertim diversum.

1. B. nasuta.—Sordide straminea, fusco-conspersa, granulata ;

clypeo fere toto, apice vittisque duabus angustis marginalibus

frontis, dorso abdominis apiceque femorum anteriorum nigri-

cantibus; tegminibus pallide testaceo-venosis, areis nigro-

conspersis et lineolatis; vertice latitudine vix breviore, oculo

transverso nonnihil angustiore. @

Long. 7, exp. tegm. 15 mill.

Insula Batschian. (Coll. W. W. Saunders.)

Coreturura, Hope.

1. C. funebris—Obscure fusco-testacea, fronte dilutiore ; teg-

minibus prope apicem macula parva nigra, ipsa macula

minuta albido-mucorea notata, pone medium fascia albido-

mucorea; alis fuscescentibus, apicem versus obscurioribus ;

VOL, I, THIRD SERIES, PART V111.—DEC. 1863. aS

590 D. Stal HI emipterorum

abdomine pallide virescente, subtus fuscescente, viridi-

fasciato, apice albo-mucoreo; pedibus anterioribus valde

dilatatis, testaceo-fasciatis. ¢

Long. 9, exp. tegm. 23 mill. -

Tondano. (Coll. W. W. Saunders.)

Caput ante oculos nonnihil prominens, vertice latitudine nonnihil

longiore, antrorsum angustato, apice rotundato, marginibus lJatera-

libus nonnihil elevatis ; fronte ecarinata, intra margines laterales

leviter impressa, prope apicem utrimque leviter rotundato-am-

pliata, dein sursum sensim angustata, latitudine maxima duplo

longiore, marginibus Jateralibus pilis brevibus ciliatis. Thorax

et scutellum tricarinata. Tegmina breviter ciliata, apice medio

nonnihil producta. Tibize posticee trispinosz.

Tarunpta, Stal.

1. Z. villica.—-Nigricans; abdominis plaga laterali pedibusque

lividis, femoribus infuscatis ; tegminibus nigro-fuscis, ad cos-

tam obscurioribus, corii macula magna sub-obovata basali

aliaque parva pone illam flavescentibus, macula discoidali

sub-orbiculari, ad costam quam ad clavum magis approximata,

maculaque minore versus angulum apicalem exteriorem vi-

treis, decoloribus; alis sordide hyalinis, fascia obsoleta pone

medium limboque apicali fuscescentibus. @

Long. 6, exp. tegm. 20 mill.

Insule Aru. (Coll. W. W. Saunders.)

Frons tricarinata, lateribus subparallelis, apice rotundatis.

Tegmina seriebus tribus venularum transversarum instructa, serie

anteriori irregulari ; margine apicali late rotundato, sutura clavi

nonnihil breviore.

2. T. concinna.—Pailidissime testaceo-flavescens ; tegminibus

alisque vitreis, illorum fascia obliqua subbasali, ad marginem

costalem retrorsum ultra medium producta, fasciola media,

a commissura ad medium tegminis continuata, nec non fascia

lata prope apicem nigro-fuscis, limbo apicali leviter infuscato,

macula marginis costalis pone medium basique flavescente-

albidis, macula costali prope apicem sordide flavo-testaceo ;

alarum limbo lato infuscato. ?

Long. 6, exp. tegm. 20 mill.

Insule Aru.- (Coll. W. W. Saunders.)

Frons tricarinata, supra medium subangustata. Tegmina api-

cem versus serie regulari, prope hanc serie irregulari incompleta,

Exxoticorum Descri ptiones. 591

ante illas serie tertia valde abbreviata venularum transversarum

instructa, margine apicali latissime rotundato, suture clavi sube-

quilongo.

Ricania, Germ.

1. R. luctuosa.—Nigricans, pedibus dilute testaceo-flavis, femo-

ribus intus nigro-fuscis ; tegminum macula discoidali livida,

pellucida, limbo apicali toto et costali apicem versus dilute

fuscis; alis fuscis.

Long. 7, exp. tegm. 19 mill.

Menado. (Coll. W. W. Saunders.)

Frons supra medium leviter, infra medium magis angustata,

carina apicem versus marginibusque lateralibus flavo-testaceis.

Tegmina seriebus quattuor venularum transversarum, serie ante-

riore valde curvata, postica regulari, continua; margine costali a

basi ultra medium margineque apicali toto late rotundatis, hoc

sutura clavi distincte breviore.

Neruesa, Am. et Serv.

1. WN. bis-triguttata.—Subsordide pallide flavo-virescens ; teg-

minibus maculis minutis albo-mucoreis parce adspersis, ma-

culisque tribus parvis remotis sanguineis, in seriem longitudi-

nalem mediam dispositis, ornatis ; alis albis. &

Long. 9, exp. tegm. 28 mill.

Insule Aru. (Coll. W. W. Saunders.)

Frons infra medium sensim subrotundato-angustata, unicari-

nata, basi valde tumido-prominens. Thorax haud -carinatus.

Tegmina apicem versus sensim ampliata, apice late truncata,

venis parce furcatis, venulis transversis raris, irregulariter sparsis,

angulo apicali imo exteriore rotundato, angulo apicali commissurali

acuto, sursum producto.

2. N. gultulata.—Sordide straminea vel stramineo-albida ;

tegminibus maculis minutissimis remotis sparsis, macula

discoidali majore aliaque parva nonnihil ante illam sanguineis

vel lutescentibus ornatis, limbo apicali infuscato, lineola ~

marginis commissuralis nigro-fusca. ¢ ;

Long. 9, exp. tegm. 33 mill.

Insule Batschian. (Coll. W. W. Saunders.)

Frons tricarinata, latitudine nonnihil longior, infra medium

rotundato-angustata, basi nonnihil prominens. Thorax medio

obsolete carinatus. Tegmina parce venosa, apice subrotundato-

truncata, angulo apicali externo recto, interno sub-obtuso.

ss2

592 D. Stal Hemipterorum

3. N. gemmifera.—Albida; tegminibus apice fusco-limbatis,

maculis raris, remotis, minutis, sanguineis conspersis, maculis

duabus discoidalibus reliquis majoribus, lineola media mar-

ginis commissuralis nigro-fusca. ¢

Long. 53, exp. tegm. 18 mill.

Insula Batschian. (Coll. W. W. Saunders.)

Frons latitudine nonnihil longior, utrimque nonnihil rotundata,

tricarinata. ‘Thorax obsolete unicarinatus. Tegmina apice trun-

cata, venulis transversis remotis pone medium instructa, angulo

apicali commissurali recto.

4, N. cicatricosa.—Straminea vel virescens; tegminibus apice

latiuscule, ad commissuram anguste fusco-limbatis, pone

apicem clavi litura fusca notatis, horum maculis majusculis

sparsis nec non carinula basali frontis, carinis thoracis scutel-

lique lutescentibus vel cinnabarinis. ¢

Long. 7, exp. tegm. 23 mill.

Insula Batschian. (Coll. W. W. Saunders.)

Frons latitudine paullo longior, utrimque nonnihil rotundata,

tricarinata. Thorax unicarinatus. Tegmina apice truncata, pone

medium parce transversim venosa, angulo apicali externo rotun-

dato, interno subrecto.

SARANTUS, n. g.

Facies late triangularis ; fronte apice libere dependente. Oculi

valde prominentes. Thorax parte postica producta angusta, mar-

ginem interiorem tegminum tangente, supra scutellum utrimque

leviter emarginata, hujus latera haud tegente. Tegmina areolis

apicalibus quinque, discoidalibus duabus. Pedes simplices, tibiis

omnibus femoribus longioribus.

Centroto affine genus.

1. S. Wallacet.—Niger, dense fortiter punctatus ; capite ante-

rius, thoracis fascia antica, ipsa utrimque macula nuda no-

tata, maculaque media laterali partis postice producta,

macula laterali scutelli pectoreque albo-sericeis; tegminibus

subferrugineo-fuscis, parte apicali vitrea, apice fusca. @

Long. 10, lat. 3 mill.

Insula Waigiu. (Coll. W. W. Saunders.)

Thorax postice paullo ultra apicem tegminum productus, -an-

terius cornubus duobus longis, subgracilibus, antrorsum pro-

ductis, leviter divergentibus, apicem versus leviter reflexis, arma-

tus, carina media percurrente et in parte posteriore producta,

Exoticorum Descriptiones. 5985

acutiuscule tectiformi, nonnihil ante hujus medium, carinula,

posterius marginem lateralem attingente, instructus.

Hytica, n. g.

Corpus oblongo-obovatum. Caput acute productum, capiti

generis Orthopterorum Tettigis haud dissimile, facie nonnibil

reclinata. Ocelli in parte supera capitis prope angulos anteriores

oculorum positi. Rostrum brevissimum. Thorax retrorsum non-

nihil elevatus, tuberculatus, marginibus lateralibus anticis longis,

antico medio angulato-producto. Scutellum elevatum, tubercula-

tum. Tegmina subcoriacea, apice late membranaceo-marginata.

Abdomen tegminibus latius, segmentis posterioribus utrimque

acute lobatis et reflexis. Pedes breviusculi, tibiis anticis superne

nonnihil dilatatis, posticis superne spinosis.

Genus Yassinorum omnium mihi cognitorum maxime mirabile,

forte optime prope Tettzgoniam locandum.

1. H. paradoxa.—Nigricans vel fusco-testacea; facie infra me-

dium, excepta macula nigra, disco vel vittis duabus latis

ventris sordide stramineis. 9? ;

Long. 10, lat. 33 mill.

Birmah, (Coll. Stal.)

Var. a.—Pedibus sordide stramineis, fusco-annulatis.

Var. b.—Pedibus fusco-testaceis, femoribus pallido-fasciatis.

Frons basi in cornu breve, compressum, leviter curvatum pro-

ducta, medio tuberculis duobus parvis instructa. Thoracis tuber-

cula duo postica distantia reliquis altiora, compressa. Scutellum

ante medium valde elevatum, parte elevata disco excavata, utrim-

que magis compresso-elevata, prope apicem tuberculo conico

instructum.

PHILAGRA, N. g.

Caput protuberans, fronte lavi. Thorax sex-angularis, antice

rotundatus, marginibus lateralibus anticis brevibus. Scutellum

triangulare, latitudine paullo longius. Tegmina immarginata,

subconvexa, venis laud elevatis. Pedes longiusculi, tibiis anticis ©

femoribus brevioribus, posticis bi-spinosis.

Aphrophore affine genus.

1. P. Douglasi—Ceruleo-nigra, nitida, punctulata, nuda; ma-

cula capitis subbasali utrimque prope oculos, maculis quattuor

minutis ante medium thoracis, rostro, excepto articulo api-

cali, nec non disco pectoris flavescente-teStaceis ; capite

594 D. Stal Hemipterorum

longissime producto, thorace scutelloque ad unum nonnihil

longiore, parte producta sat gracili, apicem versus sensim

magis gracilescente, ante medium arcuato-recurva. ¢

Long. 13 mill.

Insula Batschian. (Coll. W. W. Saunders.)

2. P. Scottt.—Nigra, nitida, punctulata, nuda; marginibus par-

tis productz ante medium maculisque duabus parvis basali-

bus capitis, nec non disco pectoris lividis ; pedibus posticis

fusco-testaceis; capite triangulari, apice subreflexo, thoraci

et dimidio scutello ad unum equilongo. @

Long. 10 mill.

Insula Batschian. (Coll. W. W. Saunders.)

AvFIDUS, nN. g.

Caput thorace angustius, fronte convexa. Oecelli inter se valde

approximati. Thorax sexangularis. Scutellum triangulare, aqui-

laterum. ‘Tegmina venis distinctissimis, longitudinalibus apicem

versus serie unica venularum transversarum conjunctis, prope

apicem ad costam venulis transversis distinctissimis instructa.

Tibiz anteriores femoribus nonnihil longiores, posticae pone

medium unispinose ; articulo primo tarsorum posticorum apicali-

bus duobus ad unum breviore.

Monecphore affine genus.

1. A. trifasciatus.— Dilute lutescens ; apice rostri, tibiis anticis

extus, apice articuli ultimi tarsorum, fascia basali verticis,

fascia posteriore thoracis, supra basin tegminum etiam pro-

ducta, nec non horum fascia ante medium nigris ; alis teg-

minibusque pone fasciam nigram vitreis, his fusco-venosis,

areolis parvis ad apicem marginis costalis fuscis.

Long. 53, exp. tegm. 17 mill.

Insula Mysol. (Coll. W. W. Saunders.)

Mucanum, Am. et Serv.

M. maculigerum, Stal, (Ofv. Vet. Ak. Forh. 1858, p. 438.)

Hec species differt a M. canaliculato cornubus thoracis brevi-

oribus, apicem versus distincte angustatis, angulis apicalibus

subrotundatis, angulis segmenti sexti abdominis productis

latioribus.

Exoticorum Descriptiones. 595

Pyeortatys, Dall.

1. P. zonatus.—Supra castaneus, subtus cum antennis fasciaque

anteriore thoracis, marginem fere totum anticum hujus

cornuum lateralium etiam occupante, testaceo-flavescens ;

marginibus lateralibus dorsi abdominis fusco-zneis. 2

Long. 26, lat. 13 mill.

Borneo, Sarawak. (Mus. Brit.)

P. acuto affinis, multo major, aliter pictus. Thorax et scutellum

parce distincte punctata, illius lateribus in cornua valida, acutius-

cula, sat longa, extrorsum et leviter sursum productis. Scutellum

apice fuscum. Venze hemelytrorum pallide. Margines laterales

dorsi abdominis fortiter punctati. Femora subtus prope apicem

inermia.

TEssERATOMA, Lep. et Serv.

1. Z. conspersa.—Testaceo-flavescens, sat dense punctata,

supra remote minute fusco-conspersa. ¢

Long. 25, lat. 14 mill.

Celebes. (Mus. Brit. et Coll. Stal.)

Thorax remote distincte punctatus, ad margines laterales anticos

rugoso-punctatus, his medio obtuse rotundato-subangulatis.

Metastethii cornu coxas anticas subattingens. Femora apice

subtus bispinosa. :

AmIssus, 0. g.

Corpus magnum, ovale. Caput subelongatum, lobis lateralibus

longissimis, ante lobum medium contiguis; bucculis valde elevatis.

Ocelli ab oculis remoti. Antenne quadriarticulate. Thorax

margine postico medio supra basin scutelli rotundato-producto.

Scutellum apice productum. Corii margo apicalis rectus, angulus

apicalis rotundatus. Membrana basi areolis compluribus, venas

longitudinales emittentibus, instructa. Mesosternum elevatum,

antice nonnihil productum et fissum. Metasternum leviter eleva-

tum, postice latissime sinuatum. Ventris segmentum secundum

basi medio leviter elevatum et productum. Pedes breviusculi,

femoribus apice subtus spinis duabus armatis; tibiis posticis

femoribus subzequilongis ; articulis primo et secundo tarsorum

equilongis.

Hypenche affine genus, structura capitis sternorumque dis-

tinctum,

596 D. Stal Hemipterorum

1. A. Atlas. —Fusco-castaneus, thoracis limbo angusto parteque

posteriore, apice scutelli, hemelytris, coxis, trochanteribus

margineque abdominis dilute castaneis; antennis, venis

hemelytrorum tarsisque subcastaneo-flavis; angulis apicalibus

segmentorum abdominis nigris ; thorace valide cornuto. @

Long. 41, lat. 19 mill.

Singapore. (Coll. W. W. Saunders.)

Caput lateribus subparallelis, medio leviter sinuatis, apice sub-

truncatum, latitudine plus duplo longius. Antenne articulo

secundo tertio nonnihil longiore, sed apicali breviore. Thorax

remote distincte punctatus, postice leviusculus, angulis lateralibus

in cornua longa depressa, leviter arcuata, oblique antrorsum

productis, marginibus lateralibus anticis crenulatis. Scutellum

remote distincte punctatum, apice leave. Hemelytra dense punc-

tulata, venis levibus. Subtus dense alutaceus.

Hyrencnua, Am. et Serv.

1. H. luctuosa.—Obovata, subeeneo-nigra, supra parce distincte,

in hemelytris subtilius punctulata, subtus dense subtiliter

ruguloso-punctata; antennarum articulo apicali, basi excepta,

capite subtus, meso- et meta-sternis flavo-testaceis; angulis

lateralibus thoracis vix prominentibus. ¢

Long. 28, lat. 15 mill.

Birmah. (Mus. Brit.)

H, apicali (=Tesseratomati piceo, Dall.) affinis, angustior, tho-

racis angulis lateralibus rotundatis, vix extrorsum, nullo modo

antrorsum prominentibus, tantum differt. Margines abdominis

immaculati. Femora posteriora subtus prope apicem spinis

duabus armata.

2. H. ophthalmica.—Distincte punctata, obscure ferruginea,

subcupreo-induta, subtus cum pedibus, apice scutelli macu-

lisque marginalibus abdominis sordide testaceo-flavescens ;

tibiis superne nigro-marginatis.

Long. 24, lat. 12 mill.

Ligor Malacce, (Coll, Stal.)

Oculi magni. Thorax angulis lateralibus nonnibil prominenti-

bus, marginibus lateralibus anticis subrectis. Femora postica

apice subtus bispinosa.

Exoticorum Descriptiones. 597

SIPHNUS, ND. g.

Corpus obovatum. Caput sat magnum, obtuse triangulare.

Antenne quadriarticulate. Thorax postice nonnihil productus,

marginibus lateralibus posticis leviter sinuatis. Scutellum tri-

angulare, apice angustum. Metasternum elevatum, antrorsum

cornuto-productum. Pedes breves, validi, inermes.

Tesseratomati affine genus, capite majore, in hac familia maximo,

thorace posterius minus producto distinctum.

1. S. Alcides.—Flavo-castaneus, nitidus, hemelytris obscuriori-

bus ; antennis obscure subzeneo-piceis, articulo apicali apicem

versus dilutiore ; marginibus lateralibus thoracis abdominis-

que nec non costali hemelytrorum anterius viridi-zeneis ;

membrana fusca. ¢

Long. 31, lat. 163 mill.

Cambodia. (Coll. Stal.)

Thorax latitudine quinta parte brevior, parce distincte puncta-

tus, margine antico medio nonnihil sinuato, marginibus lateralibus

pone medium leviter rotundatis, haud reflexis, margine postico

leviter rotundato. Scutellum parce distincte punctatum. Heme-

lytra subtiliter remote punctata.

2. S. Hector.—Anguste obovatus, dilute castaneus, remote

obscurius punctatus; scutello, antennis pedibusque fusco-

castaneis; apice articulorum duorum apicalium antennarum,

apice scutelli parteque basali femorum flavo-castaneis; heme-

lytris castaneis, venis parce flavescente-conspersis ; membrana

fusca ; marginibus lateralibus anticis thoracis, margine abdo-

minis maculisque transversis irregularibus ventris, in seriebus

quattuor dispositis, subzeneo-fuscis. 6

Long. 29, lat. 15 mill.

Ligor Malaccee. (Coll, Stal.)

Preecedente angustior, densius et distinctius punctatus. Thorax

Jatitudine tertia parte brevior, marginibus lateralibus anticis leviter

incrassatis, rectis, antice levissime rotundatis, margine antico medio

leviter subsinuato, basali subrecto.

Eustuenes, Dall.

1. E. sevus.—Olivaceo-niger, in ferrugineum leviter vergens,

subtus cum basi articuli apicalis antennarum apiceque scu-

598 D. Stal Hemipterorum

telli flavo-testaceus, hic illic purpurascente et anescente-

indutus. 6 @

Long. 27—30, lat. 13 mill.

China borealis. (Mus. Brit.) Dekan. (Coll. Stal.)

E. robusto et 2. cupreo valde affinis, illo minor, hoe major, an-

tennis paullo crassioribus, colore articuli apicalis antennarum

apicisque scutelli, praesertim tamen parte elevata metasterni pos-

tice angustiore spinaque magna femorum posticorum maris pro-

pius ad basin posita, distinctissimus; spine reliquee femorum pos-

ticorum quam in £. robusto pauciores et minores.

2. EH. Polyphemus.—Supra plus minus obscure zenescente-casta-

neus, subtus cum pedibus, apice scutelli maculisque parvis

marginalibus dorsalibus abdominis flavo-castaneus. ¢ ¢

Long. 33, lat. 17 mill.

India orientalis borealis. (Mus. Brit.) Dekan. (Coll. Stal.)

Quoad colores Eurosto valido similis, cum eodem haud confun-

dendus ; Eusthent robusto affinis, differt tantum thoracis margi-

nalibus lateralibus anticis haud nisi posterius leviter rotundatis,

angulis lateralibus nonnihil magis prominulis, spina maxima

femorum posticorum tibiisque posticis magis curvatis.

Lyramorpua, Westw.

1. L. diluta.x—Subovalis, subolivaceo-flavescens, supra minus

dense, distincte, in hemelytris densius et subtilius, punctulata,

subtus dense minute rugulosa; scutelli apice acuto; margi-

nibus abdominis minute nigro-serrulatis; lobis analibus la-

teralibus triangularibus, acutis, longitudine laterali segmenti

apicalis ventris vix longioribus.

Long. 26, lat. 13 mill.

Insulze Aru. (Mus. Brit. et Coll. W. W. Saunders.)

L. rosea major, capite antice latiore et minus producto, thorace

yor, ’

longiore, scutello acutiore, abdomine retrorsum minus angustato

appendicibusque analibus brevioribus differt.

Oncoscriis, Westw.

1. O. suleiventris.—Subovata, griseo-ferruginea; thorace scu-

telloque distincte et sat dense, hemelytris subtiliter densis-

sime punctatis; subtus leeviuscula ; antennis dilute rufo- vel

flavo-ferrugineis; thoracis marginibus lateralibus anticis ni-

gris, linea intramarginali lineaque longitudinali media, per

Exoticorum Descriptiones. 599

scutellum continuata, nec non hujus apice maculaque in an-

gulis basalibus flavo-testaceis. 6 9

Long. 23, lat. 12 mill.

Moreton Bay. (Mus. Brit. et Coll. Stal.)

é Segmentis ventralibus quarto, quinto et sexto sulcatis, seg-

mento anali apice sat profunde bisinuato.

@ Ventre haud sulcato, segmento sexto medio producto et

inciso.

O. Australasie minor, capite multo breviore, antennis longiori-

bus, pedibus gracilioribus, tibiis posticis longioribus, angulo api-

cali corii minus acuto differt. Caput latitudini intra-oculari sub-

zquilongum, apice obtusum. Femora postica non nisi serie

granulorum subtus instructa. Tibize posticee apice nonnihil in-

crassate.

STILIDA, n. g.

Corpus ovale, subdepressum. Caput parvum, apice acumina-

tum. Antennee quadriarticulate, articulo primo capitis apicem

superante, secundo omnium longissimo. Thorax sexangularis.

Scutellum triangulare, latitudine basali nonnihil longius, apice ob-

tusum. Membrana basi areolis destituta. Sterna haud elevata.

Pedes mediocres, subgraciles, femoribus inermibus, posticis haud

incrassatis, tibiis posticis femoribus zequilongis.

Oncoscelidi affine genus.

1. S. indecora.—Pallide castanea, punctulata ; antennarum arti-

culis duobus basalibus seepe in viridi-olivaceum vergentibus ;

thoracis marginibus lateralibus anticis vix rotundatis, re-

flexis, angulis posticis leviter productis ; corii margine api-

cali distincte sinuato, pallido; margine imo abdominis nigro.

oy ©

Long. 23—26, lat. 11—12 mill.

fe}

Moreton Bay. (Mus. Brit. et Coll. Stal.)

Datcantua, Am. et Serv.

1. D. inermipes.—Supra obscure ferrugineo-zenea, subtus cum

pedibus limboque costali hemelytrorum a basi vix ad medium

testaceo-flavescens, parce ferrugineo-varia; linea media

longitadinali ventris antennisque, horum articulo basali flayo-

testaceo excepto, nigris. ¢@

Long. 20, lat. 10 mill.

Punjab. (Mus. Brit.)

600 D. Stal Hemipterorum

D. dilatate affinis, thorace paullo breviore, parte laterali magis

dilatata et rotundata, antennis gracilioribus, femoribusque inermi-

bus differt.

Martipenus, Am. et Serv.

1. M. nigridorsis—Supra niger, in ferrugineum obsolete ver-

gens, subtus cum antennis pedibusque testaceo-flavescens ;

margine imo ventris articulogque quarto antennarum nigris,

hoc basi flavescente, articulo tertio, apice excepto, infuscato ;

membrana viridi-zenea. ¢ @

Long. 29, lat. 15 mill.

India orientalis, Punjab. (Mus. Brit. et Coll. Stal.)

M. oblongo affinis, major, supra niger, thorace antrorsum magis

ampliato, angulis lateralibus magis productis, minoribus, margine

antico ad partem reflexo, angulis posticis segmenti sexti abdomi-

nis acutius et paullo longius productis differt. Caput obtusum,

Jatitudini intra-oculari subzequilongum. Thorax antrorsum sen-

sim distincte ampliatus, angulis lateralibus antrorsum distincte

productis. Anguli postici segmenti sexti abdominis acuti.

2. M. eruginosus.—Ovalis, supra viridi-zneus, punctulatus ;

thorace transversim leviter rugoso, hoc pone medium heme-

lytrisque intus in ferrugineum vergentibus ; subtus cum pe-

dibus, apice imo scutelli, apice articuli tertii et basi articuli

quarti antennarum nec non maculis parvis marginalibus ab-

dominis testaceo-flavescens, pectore ventreque aureo-pur-

purascente-nitidis. ¢

Long. 21, lat. 11 mill.

Ceylon. (Mus. Brit.)

Quoad formam thoracis a mihi cognitis congenericis divergens.

Statura Pycant amethystini; Mattipho reflexo proximus, thoracis

marginibus lateralibus ab apice ultra medium rectis dein,obtuse

rotundato-angulatis, antennis crassioribus, alio modo coloratis,

distinctissimus. Femora inermia.

Pycanum, Am. et Serv.

1. P. amplicolle——Nigrum, minute rugulosum, punctulatum,

subtus in ferrugineum vergens ; thorace transverso, angulis

lateralibus antrorsum productis.

Long. 32, lat. 18 mill.

India orientalis borealis. (Mus. Brit.)

Statura fere Mattiphi oblongi, thorace proportionaliter latiore,

antrorsum magis dilatato angulisque lateralibus magis productis.

Exoticorum Descriptiones. 601

Antennz articulis secundo et quarto sequilongis, tertio nonnihil

longioribus. Thorax a basi antrorsum sensim nonnihil ampliatus,

dein subito angulum antrorsum subpreductum utrimque formans.

Seutellum thorace distinctius punctatum. Subtus densissime

subtiliter ruguloso-punctulatum. Femora subtus prope apicem

spinis duabus armata, spina interiore femorum posteriorum valida.

Tibize posticze pone medium leviter curvate.

2. P. angulatum.—-Subeneo-nigrum, subtus fusco-ferrugineum,

viridi-zeneo-indutum ; maculis parvis marginalibus abdominis

flavo-testaceis ; thoracis lateribus angulatis.

. 1 ]

Long. 82, lat. 163 mill.

Siam. (Coll. Stal.)

Thorax lateribus ampliatis, angulatis, angulis antrorsum versis,

margine antico partis lateralis dilatatee sinuato, marginibus latera-

libus subparallelis. Femora subtus prope apicem bispinosa.

‘'Tibize posticze distincte curvatee.

3. P. nigro-marginatum.—Pallide subolivaceo-flavescens vel

virescens, supra remote distincte, in hemelytris paullo den-

sius et subtilius punctatum, subtus dense minute ruguloso-

punctulatum; marginibus angustis lateralibus thoracis, costali

hemelytrorum basin versus, apice angulorum apicalium seg-

menti ultimi abdominis nec non hujus marginibus lateralibus

nigris; membrana vitrea; antennis apicem versus czeruleo-

nigris. 2

Long. 20, lat. 16 mill.

Tringany Malacce. (Mus. Brit. et Coll. Stal.)

A congenericis colore valde discrepans. Caput latitudine intra-

oculari nonnihil longius, apice obtusum, Antenne articulo secundo

tertio longiore, apicali breviore. Thorax uti in Mattepho laticoll

formatus, basi late rotundatus, a basi antrorsum sensim nonnihil

angustatus, dein antice subito angulum rectum, apice rotundatum,

utrimque formans. Abdomen apicem versus sensim nonnihil am-

pliatum, segmenti ultimi angulis apicalibus longe, acute, oblique

retrorsum productis, divergentibus. femora antica inermia, pos-

teriora subtus prope apicem unispinosa.

AMASENUS, 0. g.

Corpus ovale, depressum. Caput lobis lateralibus medio longi-

oribus, nonnihil distantibus. Rostrum basin segmenti tertii ventris

attingens. Antenne breviuscule, quinque-articulate, articulo se-

602 D. Stal Hem ipterorum

cundo tertio breviore. Thorax marginibus lateralibus crenulatis.

Scutellum postice sat longe productum, lateribus partis productze

parallelis. Sterna haud elevata. Pedes posteriores distantes.

Placosterno affine genus. Placosternum ab auctoribus immerito

ad Phyllocephalida refertur ; me judice rectius ad Pentatomida

pertinet, in vicinitate T’ropicoridis et Agi.

1. A. corticalis—Griseo-stramineus, remote fusco-punctulatus;

lituris magnis basalibus thoracis et nonnullis sparsis, con-

fluentibus, corii subzeneo-nigris ; vitta laterali prostethii

obscure znea; fascia prope apicem femorum fasciisque

duabus tibiarum fuscis. @

Long. 24, lat. 13 mill.

Ligor Malaccee. (Coll. Stal.)

Caput utrimque ante oculos sublobatum, ante lobum leviter

sinuatum, lateribus dein subparallelis, lobis lateralibus apicem

versus valde oblique sinuato-truncatis. Thorax angulis lateralibus

prominentibus, apice subsinuato-truncatis, marginibus lateralibus

anticis medio sinuatis, ante sinum rotundatis et crenulatis. Scu-

tellum basi leviter bigibbosum.

Dererteryx, White.

1. D. obscurata.—Obscure fusco-ferruginea, remote griseo-

sericea; thorace angulis lateralibus foliaceis, antrorsum valde

productis, in margine antico dentatis; tibiis omnibus dila-

tatis. ¢ 9

Long. 27, lat. 9 mill.

Shanghai. (Mus. Brit.)

g. Femoribus posticis sat incrassatis, rectis, parce tuberculatis,

subtus spinis tribus obtusis et prope apicem dente lato, magno,

armatis; tibiis posticis a basi ultra medium utrimque dilatatis,

parte dilatata superiore a basi ad medium tibize sensim ampliata,

dein subito valde angustata, parte dilatata inferiore basi angusta,

dein nonnihil ampliata, pone medium tibiz in dentem acutum

prominente.

@. Femoribus posticis parum incrassatis, haud tuberculatis,

subtus apicem versus spinula et apice dente lato, subobtuso,

armatis ; tibiis posticis ultra medium utrimque, supra magis quam

subtus, dilatatis, parte dilatata superiore pone medium latissima,

inferiore inermi.

D. Grayi proxima, minor, obscurior, thoracis processubus

lateralibus multo brevioribus, ante capitis apicem haud multo

Exoticorum Descriptiones. 603

productis. Thorax parce granulatus. Femora anteriora subtus

apice dente obtuso, lato, obliquo, intermedia preeterea spinulis

nonnullis obtusis armata. ‘Tibi: anteriores ante medium in

Jobum Jatum ampliate.

Mictis, Leach.

1, M. lmbativentris.—Elongata, subdepressa, nigra, distincte

punctata ; vitta lata laterali pectoris cinnabarina ; abdominis

limbo sat lato testaceo-flavo (vel cinnabarino?). @

Long. 27, lat. 7 mill.

Dory, Nova Guinea. (Mus. Brit.)

Antenne articulo basali omnium longissimo, apicali tertio vix

longiore. Thorax marginibus lateralibus rectis, denticulatis, a

basi ultra medium flavo-testaceis. Hemelytra margine costali

basin versus flavo-testaceo. Abdomen hemelytris vix latius.

Femora subtus prepe apicem unidentata, postica recta, modice

incrassata, subtus pone medium serie tuberculorum minutorum

instructa.

604 Mr. H. T. Stainton on

XLVIT. On the Generic Characters afforded by the Habits

of various leaf-mining Micro-Lepidopterous Larve.

By H. T. Stainton, Esq., F.L.S.

[Read Sept. 7th, 1863.]

Art the last meeting of this Society a question was put by Pro-

fessor Westwood respecting the extent to which generic characters

were furnished by the habits of different leaf-mining larvee. I have,

therefore, sketched out the annexed Table of the principal genera

of mining Micro-Lepidopterous larvae, in order that from it the

difference in habits and structure may be seen at a glance.

I should premise that we find mining larvee in four Orders of

insects— Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, and Diptera. The

last-named Order is the most extensively represented amongst

mining larvae: and these mines are those which are perhaps most

generally known, as they so readily strike the eye. The Coleop-

terous mining larve are, | believe, principally referable to the

Curculionide and fHalticide. The Hymenopterous mining larver

are not numerous, but some of the smaller species of Fenusa make

blotches in the leaves of Rosacee so similar to those made by

Lepidopterous larvee that they will at times deceive even a

practised eye.

Amongst Lepidoptera we meet with mining larve where per-

haps we should least expect them; amongst the Sphingina at least

one species of Procris (P. Globularie) has been observed in the

larva state mining the leaves of Centaurea Jacea,* and the greater

number of the Yortricina are leaf-miners when very young.

It must be understood that in the following remarks I shall

confine myself entirely to such mining larvee as belong to the

Tineina.

In the annexed Table I have divided the twenty genera enume-

rated (I consider Tinea bistrigella, Haw. = dilorella, H.-S., as

* Zeller, Zeitschrift fur Entomologie von dem Verein fur Schlesischen In-

sectenkunde, pp. 31, 83.

Mining Micro-Lepidopterous Larve. 605

the type of a new genus yet to be founded) into several groups

for the purpose of more ready comparison.

In the first group i place the six genera, Nepticula, Cemiostoma,

Lyonetia, Phyllocnistis, Bucculatrix, and Lithocolletis. Of these,

it will be observed that all, except Bucculatrixz, not only remain

miners during the whole of their larval existence, but do not come

out of one mine to enter another: it is indeed true that the larva

of Phyllocnistis saligna will move from one willow leaf to another,

but this it does without ever coming out of its mine, for it pursues

its excavations down the footstalk of one leaf and then under the

bark of the twig to the footstalk of another leaf, so that it is com-

pletely under cover during its period of passage from one leaf to

another ; and in its curious habit it thus reminds us of the covered

way by which the Pope in times of trouble can retreat in safety

from the Vatican to the Castle of St. Angelo.

Of the remaining five genera, two, Phyllocnistis and Lithocolletis,

pass the pupa state also within the mine. The former, when about

to change to the pupa, gives a slight curve to the edge of the leaf,

otherwise the leaf remains flat; but no Lithocolletis mine remains

flat, the leaf always curving, and sometimes very considerably, to-

wards the upper or underside, according as the larva happens‘to

mine the upper or underside respectively. This curving of the

leaf is effected in the following way: the larva in the first instance

loosens the upper or lower epidermis to the extent that it will

ultimately require for its mine, and the loosened epidermis is then

gathered in folds together, and thus causes the remainder of the

leaf to curve towards that side. Hence mines of the genus Litho-

colletis cannot be well shown from leaves which have been pressed

and dried, as their character is lost when they are flattened. Of

the three genera, Nepticula, Cemiostoma, and Lyonetia, of which

the larvae quit the leaf when full fed, the two first named form

cocoons, but the angulated pupa of a Lyonetia is simply suspended

in a sort of hammock ; the cocoon of a Cemiostoma is of pearly-

white silk, pointed at each end; that of a Nepticula is of yellow,

brown, red-brown, or violet silk, and of a roundish oval form. The

larvee of Bucculatrix cease to mine when comparatively young, and

then feed on the external surface of the leaf, of which they gnaw

half the thickness. As was well observed by Professor Zeller,

they are the smallest known external-feeding Lepidopterous larve ;

their cocoons are exceedingly peculiar, of an elongate form, dis-

tinctly ribbed or fluted.

To compare further the mines of these six pen it may be ob-

VOL. I. THIRD SERIES, PART VIII.—DEC. 1863. TT

606 Mr. H. T. Stainton on

served that whereas Lithocolletis conspicuously blotches and curves

the leaf, the mine of a Phyllocnistis is only very slightly discoloured ;

that of P. saligna simply shows a whitish appearance on the under

side of willow leaves, and that of P. suffusella is even more incon-

spicuous, the glistening appearance which it causes on the upper

side of poplar leaves being extremely similar to what we see on

leaves over which a snail has crawled. ‘The mines of Nepticule

vary much in form from elongate slender galleries to spiral and

contorted mines forming blotches, and even to more complete

blotches, as in the mine on sloe leaves of N. plagicolella. The mine

of a Bucculatrix is not distinguishable in form from the mine of a

Nepticula, but if the larva is in it we can, on holding it to the light,

distinguish the six anterior legs, thus clearly showing that it is no

Nepticula larva; and if the larva has left it, the very small size of

the mine, scarcely half the size of that of the smallest known Nepti-

cula mine, enables us at once to recognize it. The mine of Lyonetia

Clerckella might also pass for that of a Nepticula, but if the larva

has left it, the long space between the last grain of excrement and

the place of exit from the mine shows sufficiently clearly that the

larva which had inhabited it was longer than any known Nepticula

larva ; and if the larva be still in the mine, its anterior legs, readily

seen when the leaf is held to the light, would at once satisfy us

that here we have no larva of Nepticula. In the mines of the

genus Cemiostoma, though the character of each species is very

evident, it is much less easy to establish any character by which

the genus may be easily recognized; the mine of Cemiosloma

Wailesella is so completely Nepticuliform that it is only recognized

as belonging to another genus by those who are already acquainted

with it; the larva of Cemiostoma Spartifoliella has the peculiarity

of mining under the bark of the stem of the broom, but the other

larvze of the genus form blotches in which there is generally a dark

central portion; one Neplicula, however, makes a very similar

mine (JN. argentipedella in birch leaves),

In the second group I place the genera Elachista, Tischeria,

Ornix, Gracilaria and Laverna ; in one only of these genera is the

larva restricted to its original mine, and in that genus { Tischeria)

the change to the pupa state also takes place within the mine.

The mine of a Tischeria is generally flat, but sometimes it slightly

curves the leaf, as in the mine of 7’. angusticollella on rose leaves,

and that of 7’. Gaunacella on sloe leaves; they all mine the upper

surface of the leaf, and the curve of the leaf is much less than the

curve given to the leaves which are mined by larve of the genus

Mining Micro-Lepidopterous Larve. 607

Iithocolletis which are upperside feeders, such as Z. Coryli on

hazel, and L. Corylifoliella on hawthorn and apple. The larve

of the genus Elachista always remain miners, but can move from

one leaf to another; they are exclusively confined to the Gra-

minee, Cyperacee, and to one genus of the Juncacee (Luzula) ;

as a rule, the larvee come out of the mine to undergo their change

to the pupa state, and the pupa is generally somewhat angular,

fastened with a silken girth round the middle; the larva of one

species, £. quadrella, assumes the pupa state within the mine.

In the genera Ornix and Gracilaria the larvee all appear to be

miners when young; several of the smaller species of Gracilaria

remain miners till quite full fed, and it is even doubtful whether

the larvee of G. imperialella and G. omissella are not restricted

to their original mine; but no Ornix larva remains a miner till

full fed. When an Ornix larva quits its mine, it simply folds

down a piece of the edge of the leaf, but a Gracilaria larva twists

the edge of the leaf over in such a way as to form a cone, a pro-

ceeding which we only find in one species of Ornix (that on the

hawthorn, O. Anglicella). The cocoon of an Ornix is rather flat,

and of an ochreous colour, and is placed under a corner of the

leaf tightly folded down; the cocoon of a Gracilaria is generally

glassy white, and placed on the midrib of a leaf; the smaller spe-

cies form more silky cocoons, which are generally well concealed.

In the genus Laverna we meet with very considerable variety of

habit amongst the larvee, but still the greater part of them are

miners, and remain miners always, though freely able to move

from one leaf to another; a considerable number of the larve of

Laverna are attached to the single genus Lpilubium, yet others

feed on plants in no way related to the Onagracee ; thus L. mis-

cella feeds on Helianthemum vulgare, and L. Stephens? in all pro-

bability feeds under the bark of oak trees, whilst the larva of the

curious ZL. Phragmitella occurs in the heads of Typha. The young

mine of Laverna Raschkiella is so like the mine of a Nepticula

that it might readily pass for one, but for the different structure

of the larva. The larva of Laverna Epilobiella feeds on the out-

side of the leaves of Hpilobium hirsutum, though possibly when

very young it operates as a miner.

In considering the next group of five genera, Acrolepia, Gele-

chia, Coleophora, Cosmopteryx and Bedellia, it will be observed, in

the first instance, that I have assigned two lines to the genus

Gelechia; in fact this genus comprises in itself larve of almost

every variety of habit; nearly 300 European species are already

TT 2

608 Mr. H. T. Stainton on

known, and we obtain new species of Gelechia from every part of

the globe where Micro-Lepidoplera have been collected. It must

be understood, therefore, that in this Table I do not allude to the

genus Gelechia in its entire extent, but only to those larvee which

are miners; some of these are only miners in their early youth,

whereas others continue miners till they are quite full fed; all

the larvee in this group are able to move freely from one leaf to

another. The differences in the mines of some of these genera are

not very evident—but Bedeilia and Cosmopteryx have the mines

always perfectly clean, the excrement being carefully ejected from

a hole in the surface of the mine. The pupation at once distin-

guishes Acrolepia, Cosmopteryx and Bedellia; the last-named has

an angulated suspended pupa (it appears to be a rule that when-

ever a pupa is suspended or only supported by a silken girth it

should be more or less angulated, and that the pupz in cocoons

should always be of more regular forms); the pupa of Cosmopteryx

is enclosed in an opaque, white silk cocoon, rather pointed at

each end; and the pupa of Acrolepia is enclosed in an open net-

work cocoon, very similar to a cocoon of the genus Plutella. The

larvee of the genus Coleophora cease to be true miners when very

young, but the greater part of them continue miners after a

fashion till they are quite full fed. Out of their first mine these

larvee construct a portable case, by cutting out the two sides of

the leaf, which they fasten together with silk, and from this case,

when moving from one leaf to another, they exsert only a few of the

anterior segments; this portable case they then attach to the un-

derside of a leaf and bore into the interior, feeding between the

skins of the leaf, and the larva often quite coming out of its case

in its exploration of the interior of the leaf which it is eating—in

short, the main difference between a Coleophora larva and other

mining larvee is, that it has unlimited means of locomotion. A

few of the larger species of the genus only gnaw the surface of

the leaves, but the bulk of the species are either leaf-miners or

seed-borers.

The four genera composing the next group have this pecu-

liarity in common, that the larve are all apodal. On referring to

the two last columns of the Table it will be seen that in all the

previous genera the larvae have legs and prolegs, with the excep-

tion of Nepticula and Phyllocnistis. In Nepticula indeed we do

find certain ventral projections, which have been assumed to

serve for legs, but there is nothing of the articulate character of a

true leg; but in the group of Antispila, Tinagma, Tinea bistri-

Mining Micro-Lepidopterous Larvae. 609

gella and Micropteryx, we do not find even such ventral projec-

tions as occur in Nepticula. The larve in all these genera remain

miners during their whole lives, and never quit one mine to enter

another; in the three first-named genera the full-fed larva cuts

out an oval case, in which it descends to the surface of the ground,

and in which it undergoes its transformation to the pupa state—

but though the structure and habits of these larve are so very

similar, their mines have distinctive characters and can be in-

stantly recognized. An Antispila larva never commences its

mine with a slender gallery, from the very first it has the form of

a blotch, whereas the mine of Tinea bistrigella commences with a

very long and slender gallery, which is generally nearly two inches

in length before the blotch portion of the mine is commenced ; the

mine of a T2nagma, on the other hand, has a character peculiarly

its own, the greater portion of it being in the interior of the mid-

rib of the leaf, and hence invisible, so that we see only the inci-

plent very slender mine of the young larva, and a small blotch

formed by the larva when just full fed, previous to cutting out its

case; at present only one larva of this genus is known to us,

Tinagma resplendellum, which feeds on alder leaves, but it is

hoped that others will soon be discovered; in the perfect state,

T. sericiellum and T. Stanneellum both frequent oaks, and Pro-

fessor Frey informs me that he once found an oak leaf from which

an oval case had been cut out near the midrib. The larve of

Micropteryx do not cut out cases; when full fed they crawl out

of the mines and descend to the ground, where they construct

cocoons covered with grains of earth and sand; their mines how-

ever are readily recognized by the formof the excrement, which,

instead of being in little round grains, is in short lengths like

pieces of black thread; the mines of some of these larve, when

young, can hardly be distinguished from the mines of Nepticula,

and this resemblance is rather remarkable when we bear in mind

that in the structure of the heads of the perfect insect and in the

neuration of the wings there is a wonderful ey between

Nepticula and Micropterya.

There are a few other genera in which mining larvee occur, but

I have not wished to Sell out these nemmennlte, by introducing

every individual genus in which examples of mining Jarve are to

be met with—such as Stephensia Brunnichiella, Stagmatophora

Heydeniella, Asychna terminella, Chrysoclysta Schrankella (in habit

not distinguishable from a Laverna), Chauliodus Cherophyllellus

610 Mr. H. T. Stainton on Micro-Lepidopterous Larve.

(which mines when very young), Coriscium Brongniardellum, Oc-

nerostoma Piniariella, Cedestis Farinatella, Perittia obscurepunc-

tella and P. Herrichiella, Glyphipteryx equitella, Atemelia tor-

quatella, Prays Curtisellus (a leaf miner when very young) and

Incurvaria.

XLVIII. Descriptions of New Phytophaga. By J. 8S.

Baty, Esq.

[Read Sth Oct., 1863.]

THE most striking amongst the insects described in the present

paper are two magnificent species of sernia, a genus of true Chry-

somelide ; they were taken in New Guinea by Mr. Wallace, who has

brought home no less than five species of this beautiful genus from

that part of the world, three being new. In addition to several other

beautiful species, also collected by that gentleman, are some highly

interesting insects from Australia, sent home by Messrs. Diggles,

‘Waterhouse, and others; amongst them a species of Plagiodera,

taken near Sydney by Mr. Lowne;; this is the first time, so far

as I am aware, that any species of the genus has been received

from any part of the Australian continent. Lastly, I must mention

a new Australica, taken in the interior of Australia by Mr. F. G.

Waterhouse.

List of Species described.

Lema militaris .......++++++- New Guinea.

. Crioceris Buhemani.......-..-- South Africa.

— lateritia ............ Northern China.

——— Clarkit.........00¢+6. Ceram.

——— Prfeifferi .....+.2++++ Amboyna.

——— fterminata.......- -e- JLernate, Batchian.

— obesad ..ee.eseee-+e- Amboyna.

Mastostethus Philemon ......-- Upper Amazons.

Phyllocharis apicalis ......+..+ New Guinea.

10. Aisernia magnifica.......ee+++ New Guinea.

11, ——— regalis .......+.....- New Guinea.

2. Chalcolampra 10-pustulata .... Batchian.

13. Australica Waterhousti ........ Interior of Australia.

imterrupto-fasciata .. Australia.

UVONSVEN SCs olen - Moreton Bay.

(Stethomela) variabilis Mysol.

17. Plagiodera Lomnit......... ... sydney.

18. Adorium Bowringit.........+-- Hong Kong.

19. Aplosonyx elonguta .........» Northern China,

POON AASV E

612 Mr. J. 8. Baly’s Descriptions

Genus Lema, Fabr.

1, Lema miliaris.

Subelongata, subcylindrica, nigra, nitida; thorace, pectore, pro-

femorum basi et apice, mesofemorum apice, metafemorum

plaga infra, elytrorumque basi fasciaque vix pone medium,

fulvis.

g. Femoribus posticis valde incrassatis, subtus spina. valida

armatis.

¢ . Femoribus posticis minus incrassatis, muticis.

Long. 4 lin.

Hab. New Guinea. Collected by Mr. Wallace.

Head constricted behind the eyes; face triangular, epistome

triangular, front smooth and shining, finely punctured, impressed

behind with a short longitudinal fossa; antenne filiform, three-

fourths the length of the body, fifth joint shorter than the two

preceding united; eyes notched. Thorax very similar in form to

that of L. papuana, deeply strangulate just behind the middle,

surface smooth, remotely impressed with very fine punctures.

Elytra much broader than the thorax, nearly four times its length ;

sides parallel, their apex regularly rounded, above convex, im-

pressed within the humeral callus, each elytron with two rows of

distinct punctures, visible to the apex, the row nearest the suture

sulcate in front, interspaces smooth, slightly raised near the apex

of the elytron. Body beneath smooth and shining, addomen nearly

glabrous. Hinder thighs in the male equal to the abdomen in

length ; in the female not extending beyond the first three seg-

ments, much less thickened, and unarmed.

This beautiful species belongs to the same section with Z. pa-

puana ; it is larger than that insect, and differently coloured.

Genus Criocents, Geoff.

1. Crioceris Bohemani.

Subelongata, parallela, subcylindrica, nigra, nitida; collo, thorace,

scutello, elytris abdominisque apice rufo-fulvis; thorace sub-

remote punctato, punctis piceis; elytris basi obsolete elevatis,

fortiter punctato-striatis, interspatiis pone medium costatis.

Long. 5-5% lin.

Var. A.—Metathorace abdomineque rufis.

Hab. South Africa.

Subelongate, parallel, subeylindrical ; antennze robust, gradually

increasing in size from the base to the apex, compressed, sub-

perfoliate (these organs closely resemble those of C. tmpressa, but

are somewhat stouter); face sparingly clothed with adpressed

of New Phytophaga. - G13

silvery hairs. Thorax equal in length to the breadth, narrowed in

front, sides constricted in the middle, upper surface impressed with

a large but shallow fovea near the basal margin; dise subre-

motely impressed with large, somewhat deep punctures. Scutellum

glabrous, subelongate-trigonate, its apex rounded. Elytra much

broader than the thorax, sides parallel, subcylindrical, basilar

portion obsoletely raised, bounded beneath by an indistinct and

ill-defined transverse depression ; surface deeply and regularly

punctate-striate, punctures round, piceous, interspaces smooth,

plane in front, costate below their middle. Abdomen smooth,

nitidous ; just within the posterior margin of each segment is a

narrow row of fine punctures, clothed with very fine silky hairs,

remainder of their surface (with the exception of a few scattered

hairs) glabrous, impunctate.

The red colouring on the under surface of the body varies in

degree in different individuals from the typical state up to variety

A., and possibly in some specimens the legs themselves are more

or less rufous.

2. Crioceris lateritia.

Elongata, subcylindrica, rufo-fulva, nitida; antennis, epimeris,

pedibusque (femoribus infra exceptis) nigris ; abdomine im-

maculato; mesosterno apice dilatato, retrorsum curvato.

Long. 4—5 lin.

Northern China. Collected by Mr. Fortune.

This insect is so closely allied to C. subpolita, Motsch., from

Japan (also found in Northern China), that for a long time I had

the two species intermingled in my collection; the form of the

mesosternum however is a good distinctive character between the

two; this part in C. subpolita is of normal size and form, viz.,

oblong, and nearly erect, its apex being truncate and not curving

backwards. The abdomen in the present species wants the black

spots present in C. subpolita; in all other respects the insects

appear to be almost indentical.

8. Crioceris Clarkii.

Oblongo-elongata, subcylindrica, nigra, nitida; femoribus an-

ticis quatuor medio, posticis infra, thorace elytrorumque

limbo (hoe basi et apice late dilatato) rufo-fulvis ; elytris

punctato-striatis, striis apice sepe deletis.

Var. A.—Thorace nigro, abdominis disco rufo-piceo.

Long. 4 lin.

Hab. Ceram. Collected by Mr. Wailace.

Head deeply constricted behind the eyes, face triangular, front

614 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions

remotely punctured ; antennze shorter than half the length of the

body, subincrassate, outer joints slightly compressed and subper-

foliate, eyes notched. Thorax subquadrate, scarcely broader

than long; sides constricted in the middle, above subcylindrical ;

punctured as is C. impressa, the single longitudinal row of punc-

tures down the middle of the disc being also present as in that

species. Elytra oblong, much broader than the thorax, slightly

dilated behind, their apex broadly rounded ; above convex, indis-

tinctly flattened along the back, transverse depression below the

basilar space usually obsolete, at other times present, although

indistinct; punctures arranged in eleven longitudinal rows, the

first of which is very short, the punctures are large, deeply im-

pressed, and placed at irregular intervals on the anterior half of

the rows, on the hinder half they become much smaller and indis-

tinct, the rows themselves being frequently entirely obsolete; the

inner row next the suture is however always sulcate on the hinder |

portion of its course, and, together with one or two of the outer

striz, remains always entire; interspaces smooth, impunctate.

The amount of fulvous colour on the surface varies greatly; in

some specimens, the black ground occupies almost entirely the

posterior three-fourths of the surface, the basal fourth, and a nar-

row line extending round the outer limb, alone being fulvous; in

others the fulvous colour is extended inwards so greatly in all

directions (more especially however at the base and apex) as to

leave only a common central black patch. Under surface as in

C. impressa.

4. Crioceris Pfeifferi.

Oblongo-elongata, subcylindrica, sanguinea, nitida; antennis

(basi except4) elytrorumque dimidio antico, tibiis tarsisque

nigro-piceis ; elytris punctato-striatis, punctis infra basin sat

profunde, prope apicem tenuiter impressis.

Long. 34-—43 lin.

Hab. Amboyna. First brought home by Madame Pfeiffer, and

since then by Mr. Wallace.

Head deeply constricted behind the eyes ; face forming a some-

what elongated triangle; front smooth, without longitudinal im-

pression ; antennze scarcely half the length of the body, ‘somewhat

slender, filiform, fifth joint shorter than the two preceding united,

basal three joints rufous, the rest black ; eyes broadly notched.

Thorax subquadrate, subcylindrical, sides deeply constricted in the

middle, surface smooth, nearly impunctate, a few remote punc-

of New Phytophaga. 615

tures being only visible on the disc under a lens; in some speci-

mens a row of punctures similar to that in C. tmpressa runs down

the middle of the disc. Scutellum forming an elongated triangle,

the apex of which is rounded; surface glabrous, Elytra much

broader than the thorax, nearly four times its length, oblong, sides

nearly parallel, apex broadly rounded; above convex, transversely

but obsoletely depressed below the basilar space, longitudinally

impressed within the humeral callus; each elytron with eleven

rows of punctures, the first short; punctures placed at more

regular intervals on the strize than in the last species (C. Clarkii),

deeply impressed in front, very small and finely impressed

on the hinder half, but nevertheless distinct to the apex ; inter-

spaces smooth, impunctate. The black colour on the elytra varies

in extent, in some specimens occupying less than half, in others

covering two-thirds of the surface. Abdomen somewhat spar-

ingly clothed with adpressed fulvous hairs, which form, however,

a distinct row just within the edge of each segment. Hinder

thighs not extending beyond the first two segments of the ab-

domen.

5. Crioceris terminata.

Oblongo-elongata, subcylindrica, rufo-fulva, nitida ; oculis ely-

trisque nigris, his tenuiter punctato-striatis, apice -rufo-

fulvo.

Long. 4 lin.

Hab. Ternate, Batchian. Collected by Mr. Wallace.

Head deeply constricted behind the eyes, face elongate-trian-

gular, forehead smooth, impressed behind with a short longitudi-

nal fossa; antennz moderately robust, nearly filiform, slightly

thickened from beyond the fourth joint, about half the length of

the body; eyes notched. Thorax subquadrate, subcylindrical,

sides deeply constricted at their middle, upper surface smooth,

remotely impressed with fine punctures. Scutellum forming an

elongate triangle, its apex rounded. Elytra much broader than

the thorax, more than three times its length, sides parallel,

apex regularly rounded ; above convex, indistinctly impressed at

the base within the humeral callus, transversely depressed below

the basilar space, surface smooth and shining, each elytron with

eleven rows of fine punctures, visible to their apex, the first short,

interspaces smooth and flat, impunctate. Legs moderately robust,

hinder thighs scarcely thicker than the others, equal in length to the

first two segments of the abdomen. Abdomen sparingly covered

616 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions

with fine adpressed concolorous pubescence, edges of the segments

clothed with a row of coarse hairs.

6. Crioceris obesa.

Late oblonga, convexa, nitido-rufo-fulva ; antennis filiformi-

bus, fulvis; scutello fulvo-piloso; elytris ampliatis, valde

convexis, nitido-nigris, infra basin transversim depressis,

tenuiter punctato-striatis, striis disci postici deletis, tibiis

tarsisque obscure rufis, unguiculis piceis.

Long. 5 lin.

Hab. Amboyna. Collected by Mr. Wallace.

Head deeply constricted behind the eyes; face elongate-trigo-

nate; front impressed with a longitudinal groove; antennze fili-

form, somewhat slender, two-thirds the length of the body, pale

fulvous, apex of terminal joints fuscous ; eyes angularly notched.

Thorax sub-cylindrical, constricted on the sides, surface smooth,

impressed with a very few minute punctures, arranged on the

disc in a longitudinal row.

Genus MasrostrtHus, Lac.

1. Mastostethus Philemon.

Oblongus, modice convexus, nitidus, flavus; coxis posticis,

femoribus et tibiis supra, tarsis, epipleuris, capite (faciei in-

ferioris macula antennisque apice et infra exceptis), tho-

racis plaga transversa discoidali, scutello elytrisque nigris,

his distincte punctatis, singulisque fasciis duabus subcurvatis,

prima obliqua a scutello fere ad medium marginis exterioris

extensa, secunda fere transversa utrimque abbreviata, paullo

pone medium posita, flavis.

Long. 4—43 lin.

Hab. Upper Amazons. Collected by Mr. Bates.

Oblong, moderately convex, somewhat flattened above; head

triangular, lower portion of face, with the exception of a trans-

verse patch on the epistome, the labrum and apex of jaws,

flavous; epistome transverse, very remotely punctured, bounded

above by a deep transverse groove, middle of front impunctate,

sides, along the inner margin of the eyes, closely punctured, vertex

impressed with subremote punctures; antennze more than half

the length of the body, moderately robust, first four joints entirely

black, the rest to the ninth flavous beneath, the last two entirely

yellowish-white. Thorax more than twice broader than long at

the base, sides slightly rounded and somewhat narrowed from

of New Phytophaga. 617

base to apex, anterior and posterior angles produced, acute; above

smooth and shining, remotely punctured, the puncturing finer than

that on the head; on either side, immediately in front of the

hinder angle, is a large, deep fovea; disc more or less stained with

rufo-fuscous, on its middle is a large transverse, somewhat irre-

gular black patch, which varies somewhat in size; in some speci-

mens, a short distance behind the hinder angles of the patch, is

a small piceous spot. Scutellum broadly triangular, punctate.

Elytra scarcely broader than the thorax, about four times its

length, sides slightly narrowed from their base towards their

apex; surface deeply but not very closely punctured. Body

beneath clothed with coarse fulvous hairs; last abdominal seg-

ment impressed with a deep fovea; intermediate pair of thighs

stained with a piceous patch on their anterior surface.

Genus Puytiocuaris, Dalm.

1. Phyllocharis apicalis.

Elongata, parallela, convexa, ceruleo-nigra, nitida; elytris ob-

scure czeruleis, horum apice, capite, thorace abdomineque

(hujus disco excepto) rufo-fulvis ; antennis nigris.

Long. 53 lin.

Hab. Dorey, New Guinea. Collected by Mr. Wallace.

Elongate, convex, parallel, blue-black, nitidous; head, thorax,

limb and apical segments of abdomen, together with the pos-

terior third of the elytra rufo-fulvous; the remaining portion

of the latter obscure metallic-blue. Head smooth, epistome

depressed, separated from the face by an angular groove, just

above the apex of which is a large deep fovea, from which a

longitudinal groove runs upwards to the vertex ; antenne rather

longer than half the body, black. Thorax nearly twice as broad

as long, moderately convex, smooth, impunctate, with the ex-

ception of four parallel foveze placed two together on either side

the disc. Elytra rather broader than the thorax, the sides pa-

rallel, apex subacutely rounded ; above convex, shoulders slightly

prominent, excavated and concave on the outer side below the

shoulder, each elytron impressed with about ten indistinct rows of

punctures, the first very short; the rows are entirely lost on the

posterior third of the surface, which is irregularly punctured ; the

spaces between the strize (more especially on the outer disc) are

impressed with punctures equal in d@pth and size to those be-

longing to the rows themselves, rendering the latter still more

difficult to define ; the species, however, doubtless varies greatly

in the force and depth of the punctation, one of my specimens

618 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions

being more deeply impressed than the other; in this specimen

also the thorax is transversely excavated on either side at the

base.

Genus AKsERNIA, Stal.

1. Msernia magnifica.

- Elongata, convexa, viridi-zenea, nitida; abdomine fusco-fulvo, ~

elytrorum dimidio postico fulvo; thorace medio longitudi-

naliter canaliculato, utroque latere profunde excavato et

punctato; elytris punctato-striatis, striis sulcatis, pone me-

dium obsoletis.

Long. 12§ lin.

Hab. New Guinea. Collected by Mr. Wallace.

Elongate, convex, subparallel, shining metallic green. Head

fusco-violaceous, vertex metallic green; antenne purplish black ;

vertex impressed with a deep longitudinal groove, which runs

downwards as far as the semicircular groove separating the epi-

stome from the face. ‘Thorax transverse, twice as broad at the

base as long, sides nearly straight, gradually narrowed from the

base to the apex, more quickly narrowed immediately behind the

latter, anterior angles produced, subacute ; anterior margin con-

cave, upper surface very slightly convex, middle of disc impressed

with a longitudinal groove; surface smooth, impressed towards

the sides with shallow foveze; immediately within the lateral

border is a large, deep, irregular excavation, extending the whole

length of the side, its surface deeply impressed with large round

punctures ; colour bright metallic green, with a faint brassy tinge.

Elytra broader than the thorax, subparallel in front, but at the

same time being slightly increased in width from their base to

the end of their second third; thence to the apex they are

obliquely narrowed, the apex itself being slightly reflexed and

subacute ; upper surface convex, impressed below the shoulders

with three or four nearly obsolete fovea, each elytron with eleven

distinctly punctured, sulcate striz, the first very short, all the

others terminating just below the middle of the elytron; posterior

two-fifths of the surface fulvous, irregularly punctured.

2. Alsernia regalis.

Elongata, convexa, supra fulva, nitida ; verticis plaga elytrisque

viridi-metallicis, his margine anguste, plaga humerali fasciaque

lat&é flexuosa, vix pone medium posita, fulvis; antennis nigro-

zeneis; thorace transverso-quadrato, lateribus longitudinaliter

of New Phytophaga. 619

sulcato; subtus eenea, prothorace abdominisque apice fulvis;

femoribus anticis basi et infra rufo-piceis.

Long. 9 lin.

Hab. Aru Islands. Collected by Mr. Wallace.

Elongate, subparallel, convex, bright shining fulvous above, a

large patch on the vertex, and the elytra, bright metallic green ;

these latter with a narrow line on their outer margin, a patch on

the shoulder and a broad transverse flexuose band immediately be-

hind their middle, fulvous; antenne nigro-zneous, two basal joints

fulvous beneath. Head smooth, impunctate, face impressed be-

tween the eyes by a large deep triangular fovea, divided in the

centre by a longitudinal groove, the latter extending upwards on

the vertex; epistome distantly punctured, apex of jaws obscure

geneous ; antenne rather longer than half the body. Thorax

twice as broad as long; apical border regularly concave-emar-

ginate; sides subparallel, subsinuate, narrowed in front, anterior

angles submucronate, their apex obtuse; above smooth and shin-

ing, impunctate, sides impressed just within their outer border

with several deep foveee, which are more or less confluent, and

form a deep longitudinal fossa, which extends nearly from the

base to the apex of the thorax. Scutellum subtrigonate, its apex

obtuse. Elytra rather broader than the thorax ; sides subparallel,

slightly sinuate below the shoulders, indistinctly dilated behind

their middle ; apex angustate-rotundate; above convex, each

elytron with eleven regular rows of distinct punctures, the outer

one placed on the extreme lateral edge of the elytron, the first

abbreviated a short distance from its base, the others irregular be-

low their middle, and entirely lost on the apical third of the sur-

face, which is smooth and nearly free from punctures; on the

disc below the shoulders are three short transverse deeply im-

pressed fossz, also along the outer border are placed several

others, longitudinal, the surface of all being deeply punctured.

Genus Cuatcotamera, Homb. et Jacq.

1. Chalcolampra 10-pustulata.

Oblonga, convexa, parallela, nitida, capite thoraceque rufo-fulvis;

antennis extrorsum, pectore, abdomine, scutello elytrisque

nigris, horum maculis 10 etsi pedibus flavis, tarsis piceis.

Var. A.—Thoracis disco piceo.

Long. 2 lin.

Hab. Batchian. Collected by Mr. Wallace.

Head short, impressed on the front with several irregular fovez ;

620 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions

antennee half the length of the body. Thorax finely punctured.

Elytra distinctly punctate-striate on the inner disc, the outer disc

irregularly punctured, each elytron with five large yellow patches,

the first four ovate, placed in two parallel rows, one just below

the base, the other scarcely below the middle; the fifth patch is

transverse and subapical.

Genus Austratica, Chevr.

1. 4ustralica Waterhousii.

Elongata, angustata, parallela, convexa, fusco-zenea, nitida ;

dorso fortiter et crebre punctato ; thorace elytrorum latitudine

vel latiori; elytris obsolete vittatis; pedibus antennarumque

basibus obscure fulvis.

Long. 3—33 lin.

Hab. Interior of Australia. Collected by Mr. F. G. Waterhouse.

Whole upper surface of the body closely covered with deep

punctures, which sparkle with metallic lustre. Head short,

closely punctured ; antennee slender, their apex fuscous. Tho-

rax equal in breadth to the elytra, or even slightly broader, its

sides nearly straight and parallel behind, rounded and narrowed

towards the apex. Elytra parallel, in some specimens indistinctly

narrowed posteriorly, their apex regularly rounded ; surface

deeply punctured, subrugose towards the sides ; each elytron with

about five or six indistinct, scarcely elevated vittae, viz. four or

five on the inner and one on the outer disc; the vitta nearest

the suture is smooth and impunctate, and therefore more distinct

than the others.

I have dedicated this new species of 4ustralica to Mr. F. G.

Waterhouse of Adelaide, who collected it during his recent expe-

dition across the continent of Australia.

2. Australica interrupto-fasciata.

Ob.onga, convexa, nitido-lactea; capite thoracisque maculis

pallide rufo-fuscis, antennis extrorsum fuscis, elytris punctato-

striatis, utrisque puncto humerali fasciisque duabus interruptis,

extrorsum abbreviatis, piceis.

Long. 23 lin.

Hab. Northern Australia.

Oblong, convex, of a pale shining cream colour; the head,

together with some obscure markings on the disc of the thorax,

pale rufo-fuscous ; outer half of antennze fuscous ; elytra each with

ten rows of deep fuscous punctures, a small spot on the humeral

callus, together with two interrupted transverse bands on the disc,

piceous. Head very finely and irregularly punctured, face sepa-

of New Phytophaga. 621

rated from the epistome by an indistinct semi-circular groove ;

eyes and apex of jaws black, antennz half the length of the body,

the outer half fuscous. Thorax rather more than twice as broad

as long, its apex broadly and deeply excavated ; sides rotundate-

angustate from their base to the apex, anterior and posterior angles

subacute ; surface transversely convex, deeply but not very closely

punctate, sides indistinctly thickened, more coarsely punctured.

Scutellum smooth and shining. Elytra slightly broader than the

thorax, nearly parallel in front, their apex regularly rounded ;

above convex, each elytron with ten rows of deeply impressed

fuscous punctures, the first abbreviated; on the extreme outer

border is also another row concolorous with the disc; a small

spot on the humeral callus, together with the two interrupted

transverse fascize on the disc, piceous ; these bands, which are sub-

flexuose and abbreviated on the outer disc, are placed, the first

across the middle, the second half-way between this latter and the

apex of the elytron; they are formed of a number of small

elongated piceous spots, which are placed one on each of the

longitudinal rows of punctures. Body beneath pale shining

fulvous.

3. dustralica transversa.

Subelongata, parallela, nitida, subtus nigra; thorace, pectore,

femoribus (horum apice excepto), abdominisque limbo, flavis ;

supra flava, antennis extrorsum, verticis plagis duabus,

thoracis basi, scutello, elytrorum fasciaé lata transversa

prope medium extrorsum abbreviatd, punctoque apicali,

nigris.

Long. 24 lin.

Hab. Moreton Bay.

Subelongate, parallel, nitidous. Head broad, remotely punc-

tured, epistome separated from the face by a faint angular groove ;

vertex with two large transverse black patches, which extend, one

on either side, from the-eye (surrounding its upper margin) nearly

to the medial line of the head; outer half of antenne black.

Thorax more than twice as broad as long, slightly narrowed from

base to apex, sides nearly straight, suddenly narrowed near the

anterior angle; upper surface smooth, remotely punctured, the

punctures being irregularly scattered over the surface ; the black

portion of the surface is formed by two large triangular patches,

which, united at the base, extend the whole length of the basal

margin, their apices being produced anteriorly two-thirds across

the disc. Scutellum black. Elytra broader than the thorax,

VOL, I. THIRD SERIES, PART VIII,—DEc. 1863. uv

622 Mr. J. 8. Baly’s Descriptions

parallel, their apex regularly rounded ; above convex, each elytron

with a row on the outer border and ten others on the disc, of

distinct punctures, the row nearest the suture short, interspaces

minutely punctured ; the transverse black band, which is placed

nearly across the middle of the elytra, extends for a short distance

upwards along the suture ; downwards it is continued as a narrow

line to the apex itself, where it is dilated into a small spot.

4, Australica (Stethomela) variabilis.

Oblonga, convexa, rufo-fulva, nitida; capite abdomineque

(hujus segmento apicali excepto) piceis; antennis nigris ;

elytris purpureis, fascia laté transversa prope medium, rufo-

fulva.

Var. A. Elytris rufo-fulvis, fascia lat& basali et singulis plaga

magna subapicali purpureis ; abdomine rufo-fulvo.

Var. B. Capite rufo-fulvo, elytris (basi praetermiss4) pur-

pureis.

Long. 4—5 lin.

Hab. Mysol; Northern part of New Guinea.

Oblong, convex, parallel, as seen above very variable in mark-

ings and colour. Head smooth, epistome separated from the face

by a deep transverse groove, from the middle of which a short

longitudinal grooved line runs upwards on the face. Antenne

more than half the length of the body, black ; the two basal joints

fulvous beneath; epistome fulvous. Thorax rather more than

twice as broad as long, sides straight and parallel, narrowed and

rounded in front, anterior angles subacute, anterior margin con-

cave; above moderately convex, smooth, impunctate. Elytra

broader than the thorax, sides parallel, their apex regularly

rounded, each elytron impressed with eleven rows of distinct

punctures, the outer one placed on the lateral border, entire, the

inner one nearest the suture, very short, the others all terminating

about the commencement of the hinder third of the elytron, which

is very smooth and impunctate; the seventh stria from the suture

becomes irregular and confused just before its termination. A

line on the anterior surface of the apical half of the thighs, together

with a similar stripe extending along the whole front edge of the

tibiae, piceous.

Genus PiaciopEra, Chevr.

1. Plagiodera Lownii.

Subrotundata, modice convexa, dorso subdepressa, fulva, nitida 3

of New Phytophaga. 623

antennis extrorsum verticeque nigris; elytris distincte punc-

tatis, cupreis ; metasterno abdominisque basi piceis.

Long. 3 lin.

Hab. Sydney. Collected by Mr. Lowne.

Head very short, epistome transverse, triangular, separated

from the face by a grooved line, from the apex of which a deep

impression extends upwards on the face, surface of forehead irre-

gular ; antennz rather longer than the thorax, subfiliform. Thorax

short, transverse, more than three times as broad as long, sides

rounded and narrowed from base to apex; surface slightly im-

pressed with three or four irregular ill-defined fovea, general

surface finely punctured. Elytra impressed with deep and dis-

tinct but not large punctures, placed irregularly over the whole

surface; humeral callus slightly thickened, bounded within by a

shallow groove, lateral border moderately dilated, separated from

the disc by a shallow depression.

This species, collected by Mr. Lowne in the neighbourhood of

Sydney, is, I believe, the first Plagiodera received from Australia ;

the insects belonging to this genus have a very extensive range,

being found more or less abundantly in all quarters of the globe.

Genus Aporium, Fabr.

1. Adorium Bowringii.

Ovatum, convexum, pallide flavum, nitidum ; tarsis, tibiarum

apice, antennarumque articulis ultimis quatuor, nigris; ely-

tris czeruleis, albo-flavo limbatis (limbo basali fere obsoleto).

Long. 6 lin.

Hab. Hong Kong.

Ovate, very convex, pale flavous, nitidous; antenne robust,

filiform, four-fifths the length of the body, four apical joints black.

. Thorax transverse, sides broadly rounded at the base, obliquely

narrowed towards their apex. Scutellum trigonate, its apex

rounded. Elytra distinctly but finely punctured, bright metallic

blue, each elytron bordered by a band of pale yellowish-white,

which is however interrupted and nearly obsolete on the basal

margin. Extreme apex of the tibize, together with the tarsi,

black.

This lovely species, perhaps the most beautiful in the genus, is

distinguished readily from its congeners by its peculiar colouring.

uv 2

624 Mr. J.S. Baly’s Descriptions of Phytophaga.

Genus ArLosonyx, Chevr.

1. Aplosonyx elongata.

Elongata, parallela, convexa, fulva, nitida; tibiis extrorsum,

tarsis, antennarumque articulis intermediis, nigris ; elytris viri-

di-ceruleis, tenuiter punctato-striatis, punctis in strils con-

fuse bifariam dispositis.

Long. 6—9 lin.

Hab. Northern India.

Elongate, parallel, convex, shining fulvous. Head prominent,

face oblong, forehead impressed with a crucial line; antenna

more than two-thirds the length of the body, tapering towards

their extremity, four basal joints fulvous, glabrous, last three ob-

scure fusco-fulvous, the rest black; apex of jaws black. Thorax

nearly twice as broad as long, sides deeply sinuate, rotundate-

dilatate in front, upper surface deeply excavated across the mid-

dle, furnished in front with four obtuse tubercles, placed trans-

versely at some distance behind the apical margin, the two inter-

mediate Jess distinct and united by a transverse ridge; surface

nearly impunctate, with the exception of five deep punctures

placed in a group on either side the centre of the transverse

groove. Scutellum elongate-trigonate, obtuse. Elytra metallic

greenish-blue, oblong-elongate, sides parallel, apex rounded,

shoulders prominent and elevated into an oblique ridge; on the

inner side of the latter is a deeply-grooved line, which, in con-

junction with the usual transverse depression below the basilar

space, and a faint longitudinal groove on the inner edge of the

suture, bounds on each elytron a slightly elevated oval space ; each

elytron with ten finely punctured striz, each stria formed by a

double row of punctures, more or less regularly placed along

the line; at the base, near the Scutellum, and also on the riddle

of the hinder disc, the puncturing is much more confused and the

strigz are nearly lost.

The different punctation of the elytra, together with the tu-

berculate thorax, separate this insect from all other concolorous

species of the genus.

XLIX. Descriptions of some new Species of Exotic Longi-

corn Beetles. By J. O. Westwoop, Esq., M.A.,

F.L.S., Hopeian Professor of Zoology in the Uni-

versity of Oxford.

[Read 7th Sept., 1863.]

I scarcety think any apology will be needed in offering to this

Society the descriptions and figures of a few isolated species of

Longicorn beetles, when their extreme beauty is taken into con-

sideration. The objection to the publication of such isolated de-

scriptions arises from the difficulty of referring each species to

its legitimate position, and of keeping it fixed in the mind of the

student of the family, which is scarcely likely to be the case when

a few words or even a few lines of description, often unaccompanied

by any comparative observations or critical remarks, are only given.

When, however, careful figures are added, the facilities for re-

ference and the difficulty of obliterating from the mind the know-

ledge thereby imparted, especially when the species are remark-

able, are so greatly increased as to render the publication of such

descriptions and figures beneficial rather than detrimental to the

progress of science.

Genus Zycocera, Dej. Cat. 3rd ed., p. 344, sine descr. (nec

Thomson, Classif. des Longicornes, p. 111, cum descr.)

This genus was first proposed, without any characters being

assigned to it, by the Baron Dejean in the third edition of his

Catalogue, upon a single species. Mr. Thomson has adopted the

generic name in his Archives Entomologiques, i. p. 189, but has

described two other species from Australia and Java, one of

which, in his work on the Longicornes (p. 111), he regards as

the type of the genus, which he consequently claims as his own.

It happens, however, that the descriptions of these two insects do

not agree with the type originally proposed, wanting the peculiar

sexual character afforded by the antenne of that species, whence

the generic name was proposed, namely, the tuft of black hairs at

the extremity of the very long third joint of the antenne in the

males, which tuft is not present in the female. In fact Mr.

Thomson’s two species belong to the previously described genus

626 Prof. Westwood’s Descriptions

Callipyrga of Newman; so that strictly speaking the genus

Zygocera still remains uncharacterized. The following are its

most prominent features :—

Hypselonoto affine. Caput angustum, oculis haud prominulis.

Antenne ad basin valde approximate, 11-articulatee, articulo 3tio

in masculis (saltem speciei typicalis) longissimo et ad apicem

fasciculato. Prothorax conicus, capite multo latior, ad basin con-

strictus, dorso tuberculatus lateribusque versus basin utrinque

unispinosis. Elytra ad basin prothorace multo latiora, convexa,

singulo inter scutellum et humeros tuberculo erecto armata et ad

apicem oblique truncata. Pedes mediocres.

Sp. 1. Zygocera pruinosa, Mach. MS., De}. Cat., |. c.; Boisd.

Faune de l’Océan. p. 489 (4canthocinus p.)

Plocamocera leucosticta, Hope, MS., in Mus, Oxon.

(Plate XXV. fig. 6.)

Nigra, nitida; elytris nitore metallico parum ornatis ; pronoto et

elytris punctulis albis numerosissimis, striga tenuissima trans-

versa submediana alteraque subapicali albo-squamosis ; anten-

nis maris ad apicem articuli 3tii elongati fasciculo nigro setarum

instructis ; pronoti lateribus utrinque in tuberculum conicum,

versus basin, discoque tuberculis tribus transverse positis

armatis; elytris etiam inter scutellum et humeros tuberculo

conico elevato munitis.

Long. corp. maris lin. 93 ; latitud. ad basin elytrorum lin. 33 ;

long. antenn. maris lin. 11. Foemina paullo minor.

Habitat in Nova Hollandia. In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie.

I believe that no detailed description, beyond Boisduval’s

diagnosis of seventeen words, has hitherto been published of this

species, which is the only one referred to by Dejean in his

Catalogue.

The face, which is black and shining, is marked with two fine

white lines, extending from the sides of the clypeus to the bases

of the antennz ; another white line extends from the base of the

mandibles to the back of the eyes, and the front margin of the

prothorax is also marked with a still finer white line. The eyes

are kidney-shaped, but the upper division is very small. The

antenne are black, slightly varied with whitish, the fourth joint

being most conspicuously marked witha broad band of this colour.

The fascicle of hairs at the extremity of the long third joint in the

male is black. The two lateral tubercles near the base of the

prothorax, together with the three on the disc, form a transverse

series. The scutellum is small, triangular, and rounded at its

of new Exotic Longicorn Beetles. 627

extremity. Each of the elytra in both sexes is armed with a

large erect tubercle at its base between the scutellum and shoulders.

Across the middle of the elytra runs a very slender white line in a

slightly slanting direction; the minute white dots also coalesce

towards the extremity of the elytra to form another somewhat

arched white line; the extremity of these organs is obliquely trun-

cate. The body beneath is black and shining, the metasternum

very convex, with two diverging white lines, and the four basal

segments of the abdomen are marked on each side with a patch of

white pile. The legs are dark grey, the tibize having the extremi-

ties broadly black.

Sp. 2. Zygocera metallica, Westw. (Plate XXV, fig. 7.)

Nigra, nitida; elytris purpureo-nitentibus, sutura virescente, faciet

lateribus albido tenuiter lineatis; prothorace utrinque spinoso,

discoque tuberculis duobus conicis elevatis; elytris versus

basin rude punctatis et nigro-hirtis, singulis tuberculo elevato

prope scutellum armatis, apiceque subtruncatis.

Long. corp. lin. 73 ; lat. ad basin elytr. lin. 33.

Habitat in Australia meridionali, D. Angas.

In Mus. Hopeiano Oxoniz et D. Pascoe.

‘The antennz are of moderate length, their underside (except in

the basal joint) is clothed with a few long black hairs; the third

joint is but little longer than the fourth. The tubercles on which

the antenne are fixed are elevated, much broader than the base of

the antennz, and closely approximating in the middle of the front

of the face. The head is small, the face widened towards the

mandibles, with two very slender parallel whitish lines extending

from the sides of the clypeus to the base of the antenneze. Behind

the middle of the prothorax the sides are armed with two strong

diverging conical spines, obtuse at the tips, and in the transverse

line between them are two elevated tubercles on the disc, and two

others much more minute and close together in the middle. The

elytra are very glossy and of a fine purple tint, the suture elevated

and green ; the base of each is armed with a large elevated tubercle

close to the scutellum ; they are rudely punctured in the basal

portion, where they are also sparingly clothed with erect black

hairs. They are slightly truncated at the extremity. The body

beneath is glossy black, as is also the underside of the femora.

Two specimens of this species were collected by Mr. Angas,

recently returned from South Australia. Both of these specimens

agree with the female of Z. pruinosa in the comparative shortness

of the antennz, and in the want of the tuft of hair at the extremity

of the third joint, which is but little longer than the two preceding

628 Prof. Westwood’s Descriptions

joints taken together. The extreme base of each elytron, close to

the scutellum, is armed with a conical tubercle, and the extreme

apex is slightly truncated.

Other species of Zygocera are described by Erichson (Wiegm.

Arch, 1842), and Pascoe (ante, pp. 541, 542).

Genus ABRYNA.

This genus was first indicated as “genus novum?” by Mr.

Newman in the Entomologist, p. 289.* In the few characters

assigned to the genus, we find the eyes described as ‘‘ad antenna-

rum basin fere divisi,’’ whereas they are widely divided apart in a

specimen of the type

Sp. 1. Abryna ceenosa, Newm.} (Pl. XXV. fig. 3),

in the Hopeian collection, the narrow ridge behind the base of

the antennz, forming in fact the edge of the excavation in which

the rotula of the antenne works, being quite destitute of facets;

the elytra are also said to be “apice trunctata, truncatura concava,”’

which is indeed the case with the type specimen in the British

Museum, which is evidently a large male, but in the specimen of

A. ceenosa before me the truncation is even slightly convex. The

peculiar character of the tuberculated anterior angles of the pro-

thorax is found in

Sp. 2. Abryna fausta, Newm.} (Pl. XXV. fig. 4),

in which the elytra are glossy purplish blue; but here, as described

by Mr. Newman, these organs are “apice rotundata,” disagreeing

* «Genus novum? Antenne valde distantes, corpore vix breviores, articulus

3us Imo longior, czteri pedetentim breviores, graciliores, ultimus rectus ; facies

latissime infra oculos dilatata, longitudinaliter carinata, oculi ad antennarum

basin fere divisi ; prothorax fere cylindraceus, dorso pustulis punctisque nonnullis

notatus, lateribus dentibus binis anticis armatus, dens superior obtusus, inferior

subacutus ; elytra prothorace paullo latiora, parallela, undique puncta, apice

truncata, truncatura concava; pedes breves validi, meso- et meta tibiis apice

externo dense hirsutis, tarsis dilatatis.’? Newman, l. c.

} ‘ Fusca, obscure cinereo-varia, precipue fasciis elytrorum binis latis undatis.

Corp. long. *7—1 une.; lat. °275—-4 unc.’’ Newman, op. cit. p. 289.

¢ “ Antenne valde distantes, graciles, dimidio corporis longiores, articulus 1mus

nigro-chalybeus, czteri ferruginei, apicem versus obscuriores; caput nigrum

chalybeo-tinctum, facies asperé puncta; oculi ad antennarum basin divisi ;

prothorax nigro-chalybeus, punctus, dorso levis, lateribus dentibus 2 minutis

anticis armatus; elytra prothorace latiora, lateribus parallela, puncta, nitida,

chalybeo pulcherrime gaudentia, apice rotundata; pedes breves, nigri, fulgore

metallico passim gaudentes, meso- et meta-tibia apice extus dense hirsute ferru-

ginew. Corp. long. 75 unc. ; lat. 25 unc.” Newman, op. cit. p. 289.

of new Exotic Longicorn Beetles. 629

with the generic type, whilst in the splendid species which he

described under the name of

Sp. 3. Abryna eximia, Newm., Entom. p. 298.*

Westw. Cab. Orient. Ent. pl. 29, fig. 5.

(Re) XOX Wifio 1,2 2)) Gin Bl pexoxeve

fig. 1),

the prothorax is destitute of the conical tubercles at its anterior

angles, and the elytra are quite rounded at the tips. I have given

in Plate XXIV. fig. 6, a figure of one of the elytra, seen obliquely,

of the type specimen of this beautiful insect in the collection of

the British Museum, in order to show the differences existing

between it and several other specimens which I dare not regard

as distinct species, but which it will be interesting to describe

and illustrate with reference to the question as to the extent of

variation to which a species may be subject.

Of these individuals Plate XXIV. fig. 2, represents a splendid

insect of this genus in the collection belonging to Mr. Semper of

Altona (taken by his brother at Casiguran, near Luzon, in the

middle of June), which differs from the British Museum type of

4, eximia in having shorter and more convex elytra, the pronotum

strongly punctured (whereas it is nearly smooth in the British

Museum specimen), the antennze considerably longer (which

would indicate the male sex), whereas the mandibles are not so

large and flat as in the other individual (which we might regard

as indicating a female).

The green colour in Mr. Semper’s insect is much more tinged

with steel-blue, whereas it is tinged with yellow in the Museum spe-

* ‘¢ Viridi-enea, splendida, fulgore metallico mutante omnino leta, macu-

lisque impressis lanuginosis albis pulcherrime ornata; antenne basi distantes,

dimidio corporis longiores, articulus lus nigro-chalybeus, ceteri nigricantes,

fulgore metallico paullo gaudentes, 3tio 4toque exceptis basi cano-lanuginosi ; oculi

ad antennarum basin divisi; mandibule valide, armate, nigre: caput punctum,

epicranii facieique carina longitudinalis vix elevata nigra, faciei quoque macula

oblonga alba mediana, carina longitudinaliter divisa, genarum altera transversa

linearis, alteraque pone orem subquadrata; prothorax fere cylindraceus, dorso

equalis, lateribus ante medium paullo gibbus, margine postico rectus, glaber,

utrinque maculis 4 albis signatus; scutellum lve nigricans: elytra prothorace

paullo latiora, basi puncta, maculis 18 ornata, harum utriusque elytri 4 basin

versus site, Ima fere suturalis, subscuteilaris, oblonga, 2da rotunda discoidalis,

3tia linearis, oblique lateralis fere humeralis, 4ta parva subrotunda, inter Imam

ac 3am sita; apicem versus utriusque elytri 5, 1ma et 2da arcuate lineares

circulum fere formantes, alteras 3 parvas includentes: pedes mediocres paullo

obscuriores, tarsis extus apice hirsutis nigris, Long. corp, °8 unc. lat, *3 une.”

Newman, op. cit. p. 298,

630 Prof. Westwood’s Descriptions

cimen, in which also the mandibles are black. It will, moreover,

be seen that the peculiar shape of the markings does not accord

with that of the Museum type, although their general arrange-

ment is nearly similar.

Another splendid variety of Abie eximia is represented in

Plate XXIV., fig. 1. It was recently received for the Hopeian

Museum from Herr Dohrn, as a native of the Philippine Islands,

and is remarkable for its rich coppery purple colour, as well as for

the variation in the arrangement of the white markings upon its

elytra, which are represented enlarged in the detached figure, 1 a,

seen obliquely, showing that the narrow wavy line beyond the

middle of the elytra is nearly transverse. The markings also of

the underside of the meso- and meta-thorax are composed of

fulvous pile, whereas in Mr. Semper’s variety they are white.

A fourth variety from Manilla is also contained in the Hopeian

Museum, and ts of a black colour, with a chalybeous and purple

tinge most evident upon the elytra, and in which the white marks

beyond the middle of those organs almost form a reguiarly curved

arch. The specimen has been taken out of spirits of wine; and

probably now exhibits but a small portion of its real brilliancy ;

it is represented in Plate XXV. fig. 1.

Sp. 4. .Abryna Semperi, Westw. (Pl. XXIV. fig. 3.)

Niger, subnitidus, albo luteoque varius; elytris purpureo vix

tinctis, capite et pronoto punctatissimis; elytris basi rude,

apice subtiliter punctatis; prothorace subquadrato, versus

angulos anticos subbituberculato; elytris magis regulariter

ovatis; antennarum articulis intermediis basi albidis.

Long. corp. lin. 8; lat. med. elytr. lin. 33.

Habitat Angat, med. Insule Luzon: med. Maii: D. Semper.

In Mus. D. Semperi, Altonze.

This species, of which I have only seen a unique individual,

although closely agreeing with A. eximia in the peculiar markings

of its elytra, is distinguished by its considerably more bulky

form, and shorter prothorax, head, antenne and legs. The head

is of moderate size, black, rugose, scarcely shining, eaten on the

middle of the face with an oblong spot of buff pile; there is

also a spot of white pile behind the base of each antenna. These

organs are of moderate length, the middle joints, especially the

fourth, having the basal half clothed above with white hairs.

The prothorax is black and rugose, subquadrate in form, slightly

constricted across its front, with two small tubercles on each side

near its anterior angles, which are marked with a transverse buff-

of new Exotic Longicorn Beetles. 631

coloured patch of pile, the lateral extremity of which is connected

with a smaller longitudinal patch of the same colour. ‘The elytra

are swollen and obovate, not constricted behind the shoulders.

They are glossy and of a black colour, but tinged with blue and

purple, especially at the sides and towards the apex. Each bears

a large lunate humeral and three other white spots, rounded or

ovate at the base, and beyond the middle a narrow transverse

and slightly waved fulvous fascia, dilated and bent backwards at

each end ; another oblong hastate spot runs parallel to the suture,

and a curved one near the outer apex ; these three last-mentioned

markings form an irregular oval space, within which is a smaller

oval fulvous spot, and the apex is powdered with fulvous scales.

The prosternum is clothed with dirty white hairs, and the pro-

meso- and meta-epimera, as well as the sides of the abdominal

segments, except the last, are clothed with large patches of

fulvous pile. _The last abdominal segment has two large lateral

patches of dirty white pile. It is naked in the middle, which is

marked with a longitudinal impression.

Sp. 5. Abryna Newmanni, Westw. (Pl. XXV. fig. 5.)

Elongata, subcylindrica; antennis brevioribus, prothorace in-

ermi; nigra, nitida; elytris eneo vix tinctis, punctatis, apice

rotundatis.

Long corp. lin. 10; lat. bas. elytr. lin. 34.

Habitat Manilla. D. Cuming. In Mus. Hopeiano Oxoniez.

The elongated form of this species, with the prothorax destitute

of lateral tubercles, the subcylindrical elytra and the dark colour

of the insect, destitute of any spots or other markings, will at

once distinguish it from others of the group. The head is of

moderate size, the mandibles robust, the face marked with a

slightly raised central line, extending to the level of the base of

the antennze ; the antennee moderately short, the third joint rather

longer than the first and fourth, the fifth and following short and

gradually decreasing to the tips. The prothorax is subquadrate,

slightly narrowed across its front margin, and with a fine con-

striction or impressed line in front of the posterior margin; the

disc, except down the centre, is punctured, the punctures near the

sides being strongest and occasionally running transversely

together. The elytra are subcylindrical, elongated and regularly

rounded at the extremities; they are black and glossy, with a

slight ceneous tinge, especially towards the base, which is much

more strongly punctured than any other part of the body; beyond

the middle of these organs, towards the outer margin, and also

632 Prof. Westwood’s Descriptions

near the tip on the same margin, are rudiments of two small

patches of pale coloured pile. The legs are black and of mode-

rate length, and the underside of the body is black and glossy, the

fifth abdominal segment bearing a central longitudinal impression.

Sp. 6. Abryna notha, Newman.* (Pl. XXV, fig. Qs)

With the view of rendering my illustrations of this genus more

complete, I have added a figure of this species, from the type in

the British Museum collection.

It is a subcylindrical form, the elytra being about twice as long

again as they are broad. ‘The antenne are black, with the third

and fourth joints red brown; the prothorax black, with a greenish

tinge, and armed with two tubercles on each side near the fore

angles; the elytra are purplish blue and glossy, and the middle

and posterior tibize clothed with aureous pubescence.

Genus Acronia,} Westw.

Genus novum Niphone, Stheniadi et preesertim Eudesmo affine,

differt imprimis antennarum brevitate, prothorace inermi,

corporeque metallico.

Corpus subcylindricum, pedibus subbrevioribus. Caput pro-

thoraci latitudine fere equale; facie quadrata, fere plana.

Antenne ad basin longe distantes, lateribus capitis excavatione

intra-oculari infixee, vix prothorace longiores; articulo 1mo

* “ Antenne lesz, distantes, facies lata, punctis magnis aspera, oculiad anten-

narum basin divisi, prothorax punctus, punctis magnis conspicuis, lateribus tubere

antico armatus; elytra lateribus convexa, apice rotundata, puncta, punctis basin

versus magnis, apicem versus minutis, meso- et meta-tibia extus apice dense hirsute

aurez ; nigra, fulgore chalybeo obsolete tincta, meso- et meta-pleura albida, seg-

mentorum abdominis Imum semialbidum. Corp. long. 65 unc. ; lat. °225 unc.”

Newman, op. cit. p. 290.

Mr. Newman has added another species of Abryna, differing somewhat in form

from any of the preceding species, under the name of (Abryna) comosa, Newman,

Entomologist, p. 323.

““ Antenne corpore breviores, subfusce, graciles, basi distantes ; oculiad anten-

narum basin divisi, facies dense comosa, obscure ochracea, epicranium ochraceo

fuscoque varium ; prothorax capite latior, lateribus fere rectus, dentibus 2 anticis

armatus, quarum antica minuta margine ipso sita, fusco-cinereus, margine postico

rectus; elytra prothorace latiora basi subpustulosa, apice rotundata, cinerea,

apicem versus strigis nonnullis obliquis fuscis ornata ; pedes mediocres ; propedes

ceteris longiores, fortiores ; femoribus tumidis, meso-tibiis vix emarginatis, Corp.

long. *45 une.; lat. :2 une.”

* “Axeovia, partium extremarum (i.¢., antennarum) amputatio,

of new Exotic Longicorn Beetles. 633

brevi clavato, 2do minuto, 3tio longo apice clavato, 4to fere

3tii dimidii longitudine, reliquis 7 brevissimis. Prothorax

inermis, convexus, leevis; lateribus prope angulos anticos linea

impressa transversa constrictus, constrictione altera postica,

angulis posticis lateralibus prothoracis retro productis, emar-

ginaturee humerali elytrorum insidentibus. Elytra sub-

cylindrica basi subgibbosa, disco pone medium convexo,

apicibus sub lente paullo truncatis. Pedes breves. Coxe

anticze globose ; tibiae 4 posticee extus pone medium setose,

et singulariter oblique striolate.

Sp. 1. Acronia perelegans, Westw. (PI. XXIV. fig. 4.)

Nigra, nitidissima; capite et prothorace cyaneo-tinctis, elytris

aureo-viridescentibus fulvo albidoque variegatis, antennis

nigris, albo-biannulatis ; corpore infra cyaneo-nigro fulvo-

notato.

Long. corp. lin. 9; lat. elytr. ad basin, lin. 3.

Habitat Casiguran, prope Luzon: med. Junii: D. Semper.

In Mus. Semperi, Altone.

The head is black, slightly tinged with purple, almost impunc-

tate, with a small longitudinal impressed line in the middle of the

crown; the face bears two oval spots between the antenne, two

other similar spots behind the lower part of the eyes, and an

interrupted fulvous line across the lower part of the face; the lip

and mandibles are black, the antennee are velvety and black

(except the polished basal joint), the third and fourth joints

being marked with a large patch of white pile; the prothorax is

black, with a purple gloss, smooth and almost impunctate, with a

small round spot near each anterior angle, and a larger transverse

one near the hind angles, which latter are produced into a small

lobe extending backwards, and received into an emargination near

the shoulders of the elytra. ‘The elytra are golden-green, under

a lens very delicately chagreened and punctate; near the shoulders

they are elevated, and clothed with black velvet-like pile; there

is also another transverse patch of the same clothing beyond the

middle, the disc beneath the pile being of a bluer tint ; at the base

the elytra are marked with six fulvous spots, the four middle

ones being pointed behind ; beyond these is an interrupted fascia

of small paler fulvous spots, followed by a slender whitish line

running parallel with the suture, and with its extremity incurved

towards the disc of each elytron, and almost continuous with a

transverse fulvous band extending inwards from the lateral mar-

gin; beyond these is a large fulvous y-like mark, the lower

634 Prof. Westwood’s Descriptions

end of which is recurved. The underside of the body is black,

varied with purple, brassy and golden tints, the sides of the pro-

meso- and meta-sterna and abdominal segments clothed with large

fulvous patches; the prosternal point is also fulvous, except at its

deflexed obtuse extremity. The legs are black, with a purple

gloss; the four posterior tibize with a coat of short black hairs on

the outer edge beyond the middle, the surface of this part of

these limbs being marked with a remarkable series of fine oblique

striae.

I have only seen a single specimen of this very beautiful and

singular Longicorn in the rich collection of Philippine insects

collected by Mr. Semper, and now in the possession of his

brother, G. Semper, Esq., of Altona, to whom my thanks are

especially due for entrusting me with the loan of this and several

other equally interesting unique insects.

Genus Lamia.

Lamia ocellifera, Westw. (PI. XXIV. fig. 5.)

Nigra, subnitida, subglabra; elytris punctatis, prothorace et

elytris maculis rotundatis (interdum strias undulatas forman-

tibus) albis, medio fulvis; antennis corporis longitudine

nigris, albo-annulatis, prothorace inermi.

Long. corp. lin. 8; lat. elytr. ad basin lin. 3.

Habitat ad ripas flum, Ilagon, ins. Luzon: mense Julio:

D. Semper.

In Mus. Semperi, Altone.

Subdepressed ; moderately shining, head and thorax almost

impunctate, the elytra strongly punctured at the base. The head

is black, with two fulvous spots on the face, and two larger ones

behind the antennze; the antennz are inserted far apart at the

lateral anterior angles of the head, the face is quadrate, the lip

and mandibles black; the antennz are about the length of the

body, with the intermediate joints clothed with white hairs at the

base ; the prothorax is transverse, convex, the sides destitute of

spines, the anterior margin slightly narrowed, and the posterior

margin finely constricted; on each side is an irregular circle of

white pile, and in the middle, near the hind margin, are two oval

white spots. The elytra are much wider than the prothorax at

their base, the shoulders being produced into a rounded promi-

nent angle, from which the elytra gradually become narrowed to

the tips; they are marked with a number of small, generally

round, white spots, the middle of which is generally fulvous ; those

. _ of new Exotic Longicorn Beetles. 365

near the middle of the elytra coalesce and form a waved fascia;

two others, on the disc beyond the middle, also unite so as to

form an oblique bipartite patch ; some of these spots extend across

the inflexed lateral margin of the elytra. The under surface of

the body is black and glossy ; the sides of the pro- meso- and

meta-sterna and-of the abdominal segments marked with fulvous

spots. The legs are short, strong and black; the lobes of the

third joint and the base of the claw joint of the tarsi are clothed

with white hairs; there is also an irregular white patch on the

outside of each femur.

I should have wished to refer this insect to one of the host of

subgenera found in the subfamily of which Lamia is the type,

but the want of a satisfactory plan of distribution of the Longi-

corn Coleoptera renders such an attempt almost impossible. The

work of a master-mind like that of Lacordaire can alone reduce

these subgenerical sections to their true rank and position. I

have made the attempt in vain with the work of Mr. Thomson,

but have been thwarted by the illogical nature of even his pri-

mary sections. These, in the first tribe, Lamite, are thus ar-

ranged :—*

Te Acetabula antica integra.

A. Acetabula antica rotundata (Acanthoderite).

AA. Acetabula antica vel rotundata, vel extus angulata

(Dorcadionite).

AAA. Acetabula antica extus angulata (Lamiite vere).

la. Acetabula antica subintegra (Monochamite).

laa. Acetabula antica integra (Gnomite).

Il. Acetabula antica valde hientia (Methiite).

I must confess that such a style of tabulation is beyond my

comprehension.

* Essai d’une Classif. de la Famille des Cerambygides, pp. 2, 3, 4.

Fig.

~Oorran

(9636)

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.

Pirate XXIV.

. Abryna eximia, var. cuprea ; Mus. Oxon.; 1a, elytron seen obliquely.

, var. viridis ; Coll. Semper ; 2a, elytron, ditto.

Semperi, Westw.; 3a, tubercles at side of prothorax.

. Acronia perelegans, Westw. ; 4a, head in front; 4b, eye and base of an-

tenna ; 4c, ditto, sideways ; 4d, antenna; 4e, sterna, side; 4/f,

ditto, beneath.

. Lamia ocellifera, Westw.; 5a, head in front; 56, pro- and meso-sterna ;

5c, ditto, sideways.

. Abryna eximia, elytron seen obliquely, Brit. Mus., type specimen.

Pratt XXV.

. Abryna eximia, var. purpureo-nigricans ; Mus. Oxon.; 1b, elytron seen

obliquely.

——— notha, Newm.

——— cenosa, Newm. ; 3a, side of prothorax ; 3b, sterna from beneath.

——— faustu, Newm.

Newmanni, Westw.

. Zygocera pruinosa, male; 6a, head in front ; 6b, sideways, 9.

metallica, Westw.

( 637 )

L. On the European Species of the Genus Cosmopteryx.

By H.T. Srainton, Esq., F.L.S., F.G.S.

[Read 2nd November, 1863.]

[ Tue genus Cosmopteryx contains some of the most beautiful and

elegant species amongst the Z%neina. I am now acquainted with

six Kuropean species, three of which occur in this country. Of

three species the larvee are already known, and I conceive that we

may also claim acquaintance with the larva of a fourth species ;

two larve, however, have yet to be discovered.

Three years ago I published a few observations on the species

of this genus in the eighth volume of ‘The Entomologist’s Weekly

Intelligencer,” pp. 196—199, but deferred going at that time as

fully into the subject as I could have wished.

The earliest description which we can refer to this genus is

that given by Fabricius in 1775, in his “ Systema Entomologie,”

p. 666, of Tinea Drurella.

** Tinea alis fusco-argenteis: fascia postica aurea.

Habitat Hafniee.

Magnitudo T. Reeselle. Antenne elongate longitudine cor-

poris, nigra, apice albe. Caput, thorax basisque alarum

fusco-argentea. Postice fascia lata, aurea, que utrinque

striga argentea vivaciore terminatur.”

This description is repeated verbatim in the “ Entomologia Sys-

tematica,” iil. 2, p. 327, and is copied by Villers in his ‘“ Ento-

mologia Faunz Suecicee descriptionibus aucta,” li. p. 502, but was

unnoticed by subsequent authors till the year 1850, when Zeller

called attention to it in the Stettin “ Entomologische Zeitung.”

The species of the genus now known are so very closely allied

that it is quite impossible to say which species Fabricius had

before him.

About the year 1816, Hubner figured, in his “ Sammlung

Europiaischer Schmetterlinge,” a species of this genus under the

name of Tinea Zieglerella, fig. 306; no reference to this figure

occurs till the year 1839, in Zeller’s “ Attempt at a Systematic

VOL, J. THIRD SERIES, PART 1X.—MARCH, 1864. x x

638 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the

Classification of the Tineidez” in Oken’s “Isis.” Hiibner’s figure

cannot be referred with certainty to any of our present species.

Haworth, in the fourth part of his ‘‘ Lepidoptera Britannica,”

published in 1829, described one of this genus under the name

of Gracillaria Eximia, at page 532, thus—

“*G, (The Nonpareil) alis anticis aurantio, aureo, cupreo, atro,

violaceoque variis splendidissimis.

Habitat in Sepimentis prope Londinum, at rarissime.

Expansio alarum 5 lin.

Descriptio. Species formosissima. Alz antice nitidissime,

basi fascia latissima mutabili, nune aurea nunc atra, et atro

alte terminata. Tunc in medio fascia trigona Jatior ad costam,

saturatissimé aurantia, solidissima, utraque marginata strigd

tenui atra, et fasciola mutabili, nunc latissimé aurea, cuprea,

rubro-cuprea, violaceave. Pone has ale aterrime, stria

splendidissima, mutabili, marginis tenuioris, usque ad apicem,

nunc czruleo-argented, violaced, vel auro-violascente, ciliis

profundis nigris. Postice fusca, nitidze, ciliis profundissimis

fuscis.”’

Haworth certainly appears to have been enraptured with the

insect he was describing; but it is impossible to decide, from the

above description, to which species it should be restricted. He

says that the base of the anterior wings has ‘‘a very broad change-

able fascia, now gold, now black,” which does not agree with any

known species; and of the apical streak he says it goes from the

inner margin to the apex, which, if rigorously interpreted, must

be held to imply an uninterrupted streak.

Up to the year 1860 but one species was known in our collec-

tions as the Eximia of Haworth, but in 1860 another closely-allied

species was detected in the collections of Mr. Brown and Mr.

Farren, and in that of the British Museum. We have, however,

no record that any of these specimens occurred near London;

and as the species most generally known to British collectors

occurs freely in several localities round London, it seems natural

to conclude, that that is in fact the Hximia of Haworth.

In 1834, Stephens, in his “Illustrations” (Haust. iv. 273) copied

Haworth’s diagnosis, and translated his description as follows :—

“ Anterior wings very glossy; the base with a very broad,

changeable fascia, in some directions of light golden, in others

black, and terminated by a deep black margin ; in the middle is

a large, broader, trigonal, deep-bright-orange fascia, edged on each

side with a narrow black streak, and a variable band, being either

European Species of the Genus Cosmopteryx. 639

golden, coppery, red-copper or violet, according to the light;

behind this the wings are deep black, with a very brilliant change-

able streak on the inner margin to the apex, varying from a

silvery-blue to violet or a golden tint; cilia long and black ;

posterior wings fuscous, glossy, with paler opaque cilia.”

And Stephens observes—“ The above description of this most

splendid insect is drawn up from ‘ Lepidoptera Britannica,’ with

slight alterations, to agree with the only known specimens ;” add-

ing, ‘‘ I have seen two examples only of this truly beautiful species ;

one of them was in the collection of the late Mr. Haworth, and

was taken near London; the other is in my own cabinet, having

taken it in July, 1827, in Holme Wood Lane, near Ripley.”

Zeller, in the “Isis” of 1839, p. 210, refers to Hiibner’s figure

of Zieglerella, and says—‘ I took six specimens of this wonder-

fully beautiful species (very badly represented by Hiibner) at

Spitzberg, in June, in the evening, amongst raspberry bushes.”

In 1844, Eversmann published his “ Fauna Lepidopterologica

Volgo-Uralensis,” in which, at page 596, we find the following

description :—

“ Gcophora Zieglerella, Hiibn. Palpi longissimi, gracilissimi,

reflexi, zeneo-fusci; antenne breves, atrz, annulo lato apiceque

albis; caput et thorax fusco-orichalcea, nitidissima ;—ale

anticee atree, summa basi fasciaque basali orichalceis nitidis-

simis,—fascia externa lata aurantiaca, utrinque orichalceo-

marginata ;—postice nigricantes.”

And he then proceeds to observe :—

‘«‘Gracilis et minuta, duplo minor precedentibus. [The pre-

ceding species are Brockella and Goedartella.| Habitat in

provinciz Casanensis coryletis; volat Junio, ardente sole ;

in Coryli folio insidens perpetuo et celerrime in gyrum ver-

titur, tum evolat, et in alterum folium transvolans denuo

circumagitur.”

In this description no mention is made of the apical streak, and

the “summa basi fasciaque basali orichalceis’” would imply that

the extreme base and a basal fascia were brassy—a phraseology

which I cannot apply to any species with which I am acquainted.

Up to this period no author appears to have suspected that there

might be several closely-allied species; and hence none of. the

descriptions have that extreme accuracy which we now find to be

so necessary.

xx 2

640 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the

In the “Isis” of 1846, Zeller described, at page 298, a new

species under the name of Lienigiella ; this happens, at least at

present, to be the most distinct species in the genus, and it is

the first of which we have an accurate and detailed description.

Looking, however, to the number of dark-coloured species with

which we are acquainted, it is by no means improbable that we

may yet find other closely-allied clay-coloured species.

Zeller’s description is as follows :—

** Alis anterioribus nitidulis lutescentibus longitudinaliter albo

lineatis, fascia postica aurantiaca, aureo-marginata, atroque

maculata.”

“This very beautiful insect was only once taken by Madame

Lienig in the summer.

“It is rather larger than Pedella, and has the anterior wings as

thin and pointed as in Zieglerella, the species to which it is most

nearly allied. Head and thorax luteous, darker than the anterior

wings ; on the head are three slender white longitudinal lines, of

which the two lateral ones run near the eyes to the antenne, and

the middle one also intersects the thorax. Antenne brownish; the

basal joint very long, with a club-like thickening at its end, and with

a white longitudinal line on the anterior side. Face white. Palpi

as long as the head and thorax together, thin, recurved, shining

whitish, externally yellowish-brown ; the second joint a little thick-

ened at the apex, rather shorter than the terminal joint. ‘Tongue

scaled on the upper part. Legs silky, yellowish; the anterior

beneath yellowish-brown. Posterior tibiee rather thin, sparingly

clothed with hairs, brownish before the apex, the apex whitish, with

a tuft of whitish hair. Abdomen grey, with silvery-white scales

on the sides of the segments; anal tuft yellowish ; belly whitish.

“« Anterior wings loam-yellow (luteous), with the inner margin

narrowly white to the cilia. Along the costaa fine white line pro-

ceeds from the base, which soon after curves inwards, and has

hardly one-fourth of the length of the wing. An equally slender,

straight, white line, arising from the middle of the base, extends

beyond it, and beneath the apex of the latter there is a small

white longitudinal streak. In the middle of the wing is another

narrow white streak on the costa. Beyond the middle of the wing

two unequal shining golden lines enclose a pale orange-yellow

fascia, which is a little expanded towards the costa; the first of

these has on the fascia, above and below, a deep black dot. Not

far beyond it there begins a rather thick white longitudinal line,

which extends along the hinder marginal cilia to the tip of the

European Species of the Genus Cosmopteryz. 641

wing, and then to the end of the cilia; the costal cilia are white,

milerwice the cilia are yellowish- -grey.

“The grey posterior wings are even more slender than in

Pedella.

‘““The underside is shining grey; the margins of the anterior

wings are narrowly whitish (the costa at least from the middle),

and these streaks become gradually broader, so that the apex of

the wing is only intersected by a grey longitudinal streak.”

This beautiful insect, so accurately described from a single speci-

men, was soon afterwards met with in our Cambridgeshire fens ;

and in the ‘“ Zoologist”” of 1850, p. 2753, I remarked that “ two

specimens” were “in Mr. H. Doubleday’s collection, taken at

Yaxley in June,” and quoted there the Zellerian description.

In the year 1850, Zeller described, in the Stettin ‘“ Entomo-

logische Zeitung,” p. 196, the insect for which, in the Isis” of

1839, he had adopted the Hubnerian name of Zieglerella; he now

assigned to it the older Fabrician name of Drurella, altering, how-

ever, the spelling to Druryella. ‘This description, by far the most

elaborate which had, up to that time, been given of any of the

black species, was as follows :—

*‘ Alis anticis atris, basi orichalcea, fascia media aurantiaca

aurato-marginata, linea apicis czrulescenti argentea,”’

“This insect, decked with the most splendid colours, is very

insufficiently represented by Hiibner; his figure represents the

wings much too broad, with the cilia too short, with a grey base

to the anterior wings, with no metallic line in the apex of the

wing, and with no shining golden border to the dark red fascia.

Fabricius incorrectly styles the fascia golden and its border silvery ;

the “basis alarum fusco-argentea” shows that he meant the present

_species, and not Scribaiella. Head and thorax entirely metallic,

dark bronze-coloured ; antennze thin and long, serrated towards

the apex, with a long basal joint, thickened towards its apex ;

the antenne are shining black, with the basal joint whitish be-

neath; the tips are white, and a little before the white tips are two

white rings, first a broader one and then one more slender. Palpi

long, thin, recurved, brownish-yellow, metallic; the second joint

rather thickened at the apex; the terminal joint, which is more

than half the length of the palpi, is finely pointed. Legs shining

brown; posterior tibiae externally spotted with silver ; all the joints

of the tarsi with their tips shining silver. Abdomen brown-grey,

with the anal flap of the male grey, the belly whitish, with silvery

642 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the

and golden lustre. Anterior wings narrow, deep black, with the

entire base for a considerable breadth brassy, beyond which the

black ground colour first appears as a broad fascia expanded

towards the costa. In the middle of the wing is a golden trans-

verse line, often with reddish lustre, as a border to a broad, dull,

orange-red fascia, much expanded towards the costa, which is

bordered externally by a similar transverse line, only that on the

costa it changes toa snowy white. Both these edgings have between

them and the fascia some black scales. Beyond, the ground colour

is deep black up to the end of the cilia at the apex of the wing,

in which runs a slightly curved, comparatively thick, metallic

longitudinal line, shining with gold, silver, bluish or lilac. The

blackish-grey cilia are paler towards the anal angle. Posterior

wings very narrow, linear, a little broader at the base, grey, with

long cilia. The entire underside brown-grey; the middle of the

anterior wings is faintly reddish, and the costal cilia show a white

blotch before the apex.”

In this description we find the character furnished by the entire

basal portion of the anterior wings being brassy very distinctly

stated, but the form of the apical streak is not so decisively men-

tioned ; it is not stated to run from the anal angle, nor are we

informed whether it is entire or interrupted, whence, indeed, we

should rather be disposed to conclude that it was entire.

As to the localities frequented by the insect, Zeller cites “‘Copen-

hagen (Fabricius), Westrogothia in Sweden (Zetterstedt), Dresden

and Gorlitz (v. Tischer), Glatz (Zebe), and Spitzberg at the be-

ginning of June, after sunset, sparingly amongst raspberry and hop-

bushes.”’ This last locality is the same as that given in the “Isis ”

of 1839, but at that time the hops were not mentioned. ‘* Whether

the Zreglerella, taken in Italy by Mann (who, before Scribaiella

was specificaliy distinguished, included it under the former name)

and the Zieglerella introduced by Kollar, in his ‘Catalogue of

South Austrian Lepidoptera,’ p. 96, are identical with Druryella

I cannot say, more probably they belong to Cosmopteryx Scribaiella,

Heyden in lit.” :

Then follows a description of this new species, Scribaiella, the

third known Cosmopteryx :—

*“‘ Alis anticis fuscis, ad basim striolis plumbeis, fascia media

aurantiaca aurato-marginata, linea adherente in apicem

perducta aurata,”

“Very similar to Druryella, rather larger, with the anterior wings

European Species of the Genus Cosmopteryx. 648

narrower. Thorax and upper part of the head dark brown, with

very fine silvery lines. Face rather metallic grey. Palpi silvery-

grey. Antenne as in Druryella. Legs not so sharply spotted

with white. Anterior wings only yellowish-brown, but very dark.

The base not brassy, but of the ground colour; a very shining,

slender, plumbeous line runs from the base along the costa, which,

however, it soon quits; it is half as long as the distance between

the base and the medial fascia; beneath its apex lies a similar,

but much shorter, line, just above the fold, and beneath the latter,

- parallel to it, is a second. The medial fascia is less contracted

towards the costa; its anterior margin has a deep black spot in

the shining golden border; on its hinder margin the border is

formed by two shining, golden, opposite spots, which come very

close together, and are internally margined with black; the costal

spot is whitish on the cilia. Between these spots in the middle

of the wing is an orange-coloured prolongation (which is altogether

wanting in Druryella), which is continued to the shining, silvery,

longitudinal line. On the underside of the anterior wings there is

a very faint whitish blotch in the costal cilia. The specimen

described is a male, and was taken, with several others, in the

Prater, at Vienna. Cosmopteryx Lienigiella, Z. (« Isis, 1846,

p- 298), is more nearly allied to this species than to Druryella.”

In 1854 appeared my volume of the “Insecta Britannica :” in

this I described our common black species under the Fabrician

name of Drurella, quoting as synonyms the Druryella of Zeller,

the Zieglerella of Hubner, and the Eximia of Haworth and

Stephens, as, up to that time, no one apparently had suspected the

existence of two black species. My description (p. 229) was as

follows :— ;

** Alis anticis atris, fascia obliqua argentea prope basim, fascia

‘recta in medio, fasciaque posteriore obliqua violaceo-argenteis,

spatium triangulare saturate aurantium includentibus, strigulis

duabus argenteis, altera supra angulum analem, altera in ipso

apice.

“ Exp. al. 4 lin,

** Head dark fuscous, metallic. ace and palpi rather silvery.

Antennz black, with a ring before the apex, and the apex white.

Anterior wings black, with an oblique silvery fascia near the base

(nearest the base on the costa), a nearly straight fascia in the

middle, and an oblique fascia beyond the middle, silvery violet

(this last fascia is nearest the base on the inner margin); the

644 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the

triangular space included between these two fasciee is deep orange,

margined with black; above the anal angle is a short silvery

streak, and another is in the extreme apex of the blackish cilia.

Posterior wings blackish, with paler cilia.”

I here indicated the two essential characters, though then little

aware of their inyportance—the black base of the wing and the in-

terrupted apical streak, forming two short streaks.

With reference to its localities and habits, I observed :—

‘‘It has occurred in some plenty in several localities near

London in July; it was reputed to frequent a willow tree at

Hackney, probably because some hops grew in the vicinity. The

larvee of none of the genus are known, but the larva of Drurella

is pretty strongly suspected ; it mines in the leaves of the hop in

September, when full fed quitting the leaf and forming a fine

white cocoon, within which the Jarva remains unchanged during

the winter; hence the perfect insect is difficult to rear, Mr.

Douglas had collected a number of these larvee in the autumn of

1852, but many escaped from his breeding-cage and the remainder

died; in the following July he found a specimen of the perfect

insect on the window of the room where he had kept his larve.

Subsequently Mr. Wing discovered some of the perfect insect (not

previously known to occur in this locality) by beating the hop

plant, the leaves of which had furnished the mining larve the

previous autumn. I therefore conclude that these miners are the

larvee of Drurella, but that they are so is not yet proved.”

The description I gave at the same time of Lienigiella is defec-

tive in one or two points ; this it is important to notice, lest these

defects should lead to the suspicion that my insect was distinct

from the Lzenigiella of Zeller. I perceive that I have omitted

to mention the very short and slender white streak which lies

below the fold beneath the apex of the streak which proceeds

from the middle of the base, and I have omitted to notice the pale

orange colour of the medial fascia, which is distinctly different

from the ground colour of the wing; the definition, moreover, of

its markings, as “‘ five small leaden silvery spots placed almost in

a circle,” is a definition that does not satisfy me now.

Herrich-Schaffer, in his “Schmetterlinge von Europa,” figures

two species—998, Scribaiella, and 999, Druryella; the latter is

clearly shown with the base of the anterior wings black and the

apical streak interrupted.

In the text he says, v. p. 284—

‘* Anterior wings blackish, with a medial orange fascia, which

European Species of the Genus Cosmopteryz. 645

is narrower on the inner margin, and bordered on both sides with

golden.

* An oblique bronzy golden fascia at one-fourth of the length of

the wing, in the apex of the wing at the place of the anal angle

a white spot.

“One specimen from Professor Frey differs in this respect, that

the white spot at the apex of the wing is first brassy-yellow, then

purple-silver, and is continued along the margin nearly to the

hinder golden transverse line; the abdomen is above ochreous-

yellow.

“‘'Tolerably distributed ; but scarce. Near Zirich, June, July.

The larva mines in Vicia Sepium, and changes to pupa in the

earth.”

“867. ScRIBAIELLA. Sppl. 998.

“From the base of the anterior wings three silvery golden

parallel lines, the orange medial fascia emits a line through the

hinder golden margin,

*‘ Near Vienna and Frankfort-on-the-Main.

‘“‘ Midway between this and the preceding species stands a spe-

cimen which [ took, at the end of June, near Ratisbon, in a hollow

way facing north. It is of the size and form of Druryella, but

the entire basal third of the anterior wings is leaden-silvery,

obliquely terminated. From the apex of the wing a similar line

runs along the margin towards the medial fascia.”

We find here indications of four species—-

1°, The described and figured Druryella is our English hop-

feeder.

2°, The specimen from Professor Frey, with the apical streak

continuous, and the larva feeding on Vicia Sepium, is

anew species then first noticed ; it was subsequently fully

described by Frey under the name of Schmidiella.

3°, The described and figured Scribaiella—quite identical with

the Scribaiella of Zeller.

4°, The specimen taken near Ratisbon, with the basal third

of the wing leaden-silvery, and with a continuous apical

streak. Whether by “ leaden-silvery” is meant the same

colour which most writers on this group have termed

«brassy, seems doubtful; should these expressions mean

the same thing, this fourth species would appear identical

with the Druryella of Zeller.

646 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the

In 1856 was published Frey’s “Tineen und Pterophoren der

Schweiz,” which contains a valuable contribution to our know-

ledge of these insects. In the first place, he gives us an elaborate

description of the new species Schmidiella, with the history of its

larva; and, in the second place, he points out in a note wherein it

differs from the Druryella of Zeller and from my own Drurella,

and also wherein these two differ from each other.

Frey’s description of Schmidiella (p. 257) is as follows :—

‘‘ Alis anterioribus atris, fascia oblique transversa, aurea vel

orichalcea, post basim atram, fascia media rubra, dorsum

versus paullulum attenuata, utrimque aureo-marginata (vitta

externa aurea parum obliqua), linea apicis czerulescenti- vel

violaceo-argentea continua, fasciam mediam versus producta ;

abdomine superne aureo-fusco. 5—43.”

‘¢ A remarkable new species, which I have named after my

friend the indefatigable Micro-Lepidopterologist, A. Schmid, of

Frank fort-on-the-Main.

“Head and thorax metallic grey, with considerable brassy

lustre; the sides of the thorax especially appear to be quite brassy.

Antenne blackish, as in the allied species, with the joints becoming

gradually more broadly and sharply toothed, and beneath, where

they are a little paler, with a slight degree of brassy lustre. At

about three-fourths of the length of the antennz are six or seven

joints of a snowy-white, then follow as many black ones, leaving

again the tip of the antenne pure white. Palpi very slender,

rather shining yellowish-brown, beneath with some darker scales

on the middle joint, and on the slender pointed terminal joint.

Legs metallic beneath, above blackish ; all the ends of the tarsi

white, the hinder tibize with two silvery spots. The abdomen is

blackish-grey, rather metallic at the edges, and the upper surface

of the five penultimate segments is clothed with golden brown

scales, which are more distinct and occupy a greater breadth in

the female than in the male. ‘These soon disappear in specimens

which have flown, but are very distinct in bred specimens. The

anal flap of the male is slightly paler. Beneath, the abdomen is

dark yellowish-grey, with metallic lustre.

“ The anterior wings, which appear decidedly broader than in

C. Druryella* (Zell.), are deep velvety black. For about a sixth

of the entire length of the wing the base remains pure black, then

follows a brassy or pale golden fascia; this is considerably

* See subsequent note, p. 648.

European Species of the Genus Cosmopteryx. 647

narrower than the black basal portion of the wing, begins on the

costa with its full breadth and goes obliquely across, generally

terminating just before the inner margin. It appears to be divided

by the fold of the wing, without, however, really being interrupted.

Then the black ground colour again reappears for a considerable

breadth, till, about the beginning of the second half of the wing, we

perceive the characteristic transverse blotch, with a golden fascia

on each side.

‘The anterior golden fascia has a scarcely perceptible oblique

direction, and is distinctly margined posteriorly with black; the

large, broad, medial spot is only orange-coloured in flown spree

mens, in fine bred specimens it is decidedly red, of a deep cinnabar

colour ; since the golden fascia on its posterior margin is much less

obliquely placed than in the allied species, it follows that the red

spot forms a quadrangle of which the costal side is somewhat

longer than the dorsal side, but not strikingly so; the posterior

golden fascia is obliquely placed (in many specimens scarcely de-

viating from the perpendicular), and is uninterrupted, internally

margined with black; it generally terminates on the costa with

some whitish scales. The apical portion of the wing is again deep

black, with blackish-grey cilia, and bears the marking character-

istic of our species. In the apex of the wing we see, as in the

allied species, a white streak, but in Schmidiella this is immediately

continued as a long, not curved, line, which terminates obliquely

beyond the anal angle; it shines very brilliantly blueish, or violet-

silvery, and adds not a little to the beauty of this charming insect.

The posterior wings are blackish-grey, with very long cilia.

*‘'The underside of the anterior wings is of a deep black-grey,

the whitish apical streak, and the whitish commencement of the

golden fascia which borders posteriorly the red spot, are alone

represented.

‘“‘ The larva of this species lives with us in the second half of

August and throughout September, mining the leaves of Vicia

Sepium. The mine is flat, broad, undersided, occupying the whole

leaf, and the parenchyma becomes entirely devoured; hence it

easily catches the eye, but it is much more difficult to perceive

the larva, since it usually rests over the midrib of the leaf. Its

haunts are open places in woods, or the margins of woods. Here

and there it occurs very abundantly, and sometimes a single plant

harbours an entire colony.

‘The larva is of the size of a large Lithocolletis larva. It is

slender, with the segments deeply raised, posteriorly pointed, and

with the head small. When young it is yellowish-green, with a

648 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the

dark-green dorsal vessel; the head is brown, with the sides

blackish ; the prothorax bears a black plate, divided by a slender

line; the legs are of the colour of the body. Before it is full fed,

the parts of the mouth become rather darker, the colour of the

body changes to a pale orange-yellow, and on it are three purple-

red longitudinal lines, which consist of separate rows of spots.

The middle line begins on the second thoracic segment with some

small spots, which on the following segments become gradually

broader and closer, thus appearing contiguous; the lateral lines

begin faintly on the first thoracic segment, and are more distinct

on the second; they are in general shorter than the middle line,

and the spots of which they are composed are sharper and more

distinct.

‘Tt assumes the pupa state on the ground in an elongate, loose-

fitting, whitish, semi-transparent cocoon, in which the larva

remains unchanged throughout the winter, turning in the spring

to a slender, brownish-yellow pupa.

“The perfect insect is found in the localities inhabited by the

larvee from the middle of June to the middle of July ; apparently

it is not scarce, but easily overlooked.

“Hitherto only found in Switzerland, near Ziirich, and at

Bremgarten (Boll.).”

The note appended to the mention of Cosmopteryx Druryella is

as follows :—

‘There is no doubt that, on account of the insufficiency of the

description, the name Drurella of Fabricius may, with equal

correctness, be referred to several species ; and, indeed, I believe

this is what has actua'ly happened. At all events the C. Druryella

described by Zeller (Ent. Zeitg. 1850), of which, through the

kindness of the Glogavian entomologist, I possess an original Sile-

sian specimen, is very distinct from our species. It has the wings

decidedly narrower than my C. Schmidiclla, and the abdomen is

of a unicolorous brown-grey; the head is more brilliantly metallic,

and the entire base of the anterior wings for a considerable

distance is purely brassy. The posterior golden fascia bordering

the red medial spot is placed very obliquely, and hence the form

of the medial spot is more triangular. ‘The apical streak is con-

tinuous. According to Zeller’s opinion, the larva of this C.

Druryella must mine in the leaves of the bop.

“ Unless I am much mistaken Stainton’s C. Druredla (Ins. Brit.)

is likewise specifically distinct both from Zeller’s C. Druryella

and from my C. Schmidiella. It comes very close to my species,

European Species of the Genus Cosmopteryx. 649

but differs in certain characters, which also appear to Mr. Stainton

(as he informs me by letter) sufficient to support a specific dis-

tinction. The larva of this species also feeds on thehop. Amongst

the most important differences, as far as I can judge from the

study of two of Stainton’s original specimens, the abdomen is not

brown above. The anterior wings are as broad as in C. Schmidi-

ella, and at the base quite similar to my species; the golden fascia

on the posterior margin of the orange-red transverse spot is

certainly less oblique than in Zeller’s species, but yet decidedly

more oblique than in C. Schmidiella. Finally, and this is pro-

bably the best distinctive character, the line in the apex of the

wing is interrupted for a considerable length, so that we only see

two short streaks, one in the extreme apex of the wing and one

above the anal angle (as is distinctly stated by Stainton in his

diagnosis). A specimen sent me by A. Schmid, which probably

comes from the neighbourhood of Frankfort, is identical with this

British species.

‘“¢ Hence then we have three very closely allied species, of which

the distribution and synonymy is, not at present easy to decide.

To these must be added as a more easily distinguishable fourth

species, Heyden’s C. Scribaiella (Zeller, Ent. Ztg., 1850).

“The C. Druryella figured by Herrich-Schaffer (tab. 121, fig.

122) is, in my opinion, Stainton’s species.”

The next step in the study of this genus came from Herr

Hofmann of Ratisbon. Early in August, 1859, he discovered a

grass-mining larva in the leaves of Hierochloé Australis ; some of

these he very kindly sent to me, and I, having mistaken them for

larvee of some species of Elachista, thus noticed them among the

enigmas in the “ Entomologist’s Annual” for 1860, p. 152.

80. An Elachista larva collected by Herr Hofmann at Ratis-

bon early in August; it mines the leaves of Hierochloé Australis,

making straight rather-narrow mines, but eventually several side

by side, so as to occupy nearly the whole width of the leaf; the

mine is perfectly clean, the excrement being excluded through a hole

in the cuticle.”

The following June, in a letter received from Dr. Ottmar Hof-

mann, I read to my surprise :—

“The larvee which were sent you on the 14th August, 1859,

mining in [Zerochloé Australis, have not produced an Elachista as

we had suspected, but Cosmopteryx Druryella ; up to the present

time we have bred nine specimens. The notice given by Herrich-

Schaffer in his vol. 5, that the larva of C. Druryella feeds on Vicia

650 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the

Sepium, certainly does not belong to that species, but to the

C. Schmidiella described by Frey.”

On the receipt of this letter I put a short notice in the “ Ento-

mologist’s Weekly Intelligencer,” June 16th, 1860 (vol. 8, p. 83)

as follows :—

* Cosmopteryx Druryella? Last August I received from Herr

Hofmann, of Ratisbon, a larva mining in the leaves of a grass,

EMierochloé Australis ; it had not the habit of an Elachista larva, as

it ejected its excrement through a hole in the mine, but in personal

appearance there was nothing striking about it. The larvae which

I received all died in the winter, but I learn from Dr.,Ottmar

Hofmann that from the specimens of the same larvee, which his

father had retained at Ratisbon, several specimens have appeared

which closely resemble C. Druryella. ‘That it cannot be our

British species, to which I have now restored the Haworthian

name (Hximia), is evident, as that has a pretty red-marbled larva

which mines in hop leaves, and the Druryella of Herrich-Schaffer

seems to be our insect. Schmidiella, which has also a red-marbled

larva, mines in the leaves of Vicia Sepium. The Druryella of

Zeller is a totally distinct species, of which the larva is unknown.

Possibly there are several new species like Druryella yet to turn

up.”

Immediately on the appearance of this notice Mr. Thomas

Brown of Cambridge forwarded to me for inspection a Cosmop-

teryx, with which I had been much struck when looking through

his collection two years previously.

Mr. Brown wrote as follows :—

“ The mention of Haiia in last week’s “ Intelligencer’’ has

reminded me of an insect I took some time ago in our fen. I

have been told that it is Haima, and that the larva feeds on hops;

but there were no hops within a mile of the open fen where I took

it, and I enclose it for your inspection, and shall be glad of your

opinion.”

Soon after I received from Mr. Farren two specimens of a

Cosmopteryx taken in the New Forest amongst bramble, where

there were no hops near—these I found to be identical with the

species taken by Mr. Brown in the Cambridgeshire fens.

In the “ Intelligencer” of September 22nd, 1860, I published

some “Critical Observations on some of the Species of the Genus

Cosmopteryx, and I there showed that if we looked at the essen-

tial characters of the three known species, and arranged them in

a tabular form, we left a space for a fourth species, the characters

of which would be precisely those that Mr. Brown’s insect pos-

sessed.

European Species of the Genus Cosmopteryx. 651

Thus if we construct the following table—

Extreme base Entire base

black. brassy.

Apical streak uninterrupted .. | Schmidiella. | Druryella, Z.

Eximia.

Apical streak interrupted,

forming two spots. . .

we find that Mr. Brown’s new species exactly fits into the vacant

square.

At that time I did not propose a name for the insect, for not

having seen the species which had been bred from the Hierochlé,

I could not say whether they were identical; I was, indeed,

rather suspicious that they might be, for on the 3lst August,

1860, having received a further supply of the Ratisbon larvee from

Herr Hofmann, which fed well whilst in my possession, but had

soon devoured the limited supply of grass sent with them, I had

tried them with Arundo Phragmites, and found that the larvee

soon entered the leaves of that plant. However, it did not ulti-

mately suit them, and the larve I had all died.

In the autumn of 1860, I received from Herr Hofmann some

specimens of his insect bred from the Hierochivé, and found that

they had the entire base of the wing brassy, and the apical streak

uninterrupted ; therefore they agree with the characters of Zeller’s

Druryella, and unless some distinctive character can be detected

it must bear the name Druryella.

In the “ Entomologist’s Annual” for 1861, p. 90, I proposed

the name Orichalcea for Mr. Brown’s new species, taken also by

Mr. Farren in the New Forest, and of which I had found three

specimens in the British Collection of the British Museum. I

did not then describe the insect, but repeated the tabulation of

the four species already given in the “ Entomologist’s Weekly

Intelligencer,” vol. 8, p. 198, giving simply the distinctive charac-

ters, thus:—

“ Orichalcea, n. sp. Entire base brassy, apical streak inter-

rupted, forming two spots.”

The next step in the study of the genus was the publication in

the 6th volume of the “ Annales de la Société Entomologique

Belge” of a notice by Fologne on the habits and transformations

of the hop-feeding species, under the name of Cosmopteryx

652° Mr. H. T. Stainton on the

Drurella, ¥., Eximia, Haw. Monsieur Fologne had shown me in

1861 his drawings of the larva and mine, and had inquired whe-

ther the transformations of this species had been already pub-

lished. I assured him that this had not yet been done, and advised

him strongly to publish his notes and drawings. Every ento-

mologist acquainted with the larva, mine, or perfect insect, will

immediatély recognize the accurate fidelity of the representations

given on Plate IT: of this volume—a plate at which it is impos-

sible to look without a sensation of pleasure.

Fologne writes as follows (pp. 162, 163) :—

“This beautiful species is very common in the larva state in

the neighbourhood of Brussels. I have observed it at Boitsfort,

at Woluwe-Saint-Pierre, Etterbeek, Ixelles, &c.

“The mines excavated by the larva in the leaves of the wild hop

(Humulus Lupulus) are very apparent; generally each leaf con-

tains several of them.

“ The egg is always laid near one of the principal ribs of the leaf;

as soon as the larva is hatched it enters this rib, in which it mines

for some time; it afterwards deviates from it to the right or to

the left, forming rather broad galleries, which it successively

abandons to return to the rib. When it is nearly full fed it forms

large irregular blotches, leaving only the two cuticles of the leaf,

so that the mine is then equally evident from the upper or under

sides of the leaf. The colour of the blotches when newly made

is ochreous, but they become whitish with age.

‘“‘The interior of the rib, which forms the centre of a mine, is

carpeted with white silk, which prevents it from being trans-

parent. :

“The larva generally keeps itself concealed in this rib, only

quitting it for the purpose of feeding. Directly it is alarmed by

one’s touching the leaf, it returns to its shelter, walking back-

wards.

‘Till nearly full fed, it is almost unicolorous whitish, excepting

the head and second segment; but when it quits the leaf, it is

adorned with dorsal and subdorsal lines of a carmine tint. The

posterior part of the head is brown, and is seen through the trans-

parent second segment, which bears a brown corneous plate of an

oval form, divided by a pale central line. These larve have six

anterior legs, eight ventral prolegs, and two anal prolegs.

“ They are full fed at the beginning of the month of September,

when they quit the leaf and descend to the ground, where they

enclose themselves in a tube of white silk, in which they pass the

winter unchanged, not assuming the pupa state till the spring.

European Species of the Genus Cosmopteryx. 653

“ The perfect insect makes its appearance in July, and may then

be found running and glistening in the sun on the leaves of the

hop. It flies but little and slowly from one leaf to another.

“‘T abstain from giving a description of the imago, and refer to

figure 1, on Plate II.”

This figure shows very distinctly the black base of the anterior

wings, and the apical streak divided into two separate spots.

In the year 1862 I had the pleasure of pointing out mines of

this species at Aix-la-Chapelle to Herr Kaltenbach.

In 1863, on the occasion of the Meeting of German Naturalists

at Stettin, the Micro-Lepidopterists collected there saw with

delight in the collection of Dr. Schleich of Stettin, two mag-

nificent specimens of Cosmopterya Lienigiella, which that suc-

cessful investigator of Lepidoptera had obtained in a moist meadow

to the east of the town; both had been taken about 7 p.m. whilst

flying slowly and steadily (not with the sharp jerking motion of

the black species); one was taken on the 16th of June, the other

equally fresh on the 23rd of July.

I trust the day is not distant when Dr. Schleich will discover

the larva of this little gem, and enrich our collections with bred

specimens of Lrenigiella.

Amongst Dr. Schleich’s other interesting captures were speci-

mens of our Cambridge fen* insect Cosmopteryx Orichalcea ; of

this insect Dr. Schleich had made the following manuscript

note :—

“ We took the imago rather plentifully in the summer of 1862—

this year, however, more sparingly—in a moist meadow between

Grabow and Bredow. It flies at the end of May, throughout

June, and in July, often swarming at evening in the sunshine.

Seeking in August industriously for the larva of this species, I

found, on the 9th of that month, in the broad leaves of a species

of grass, which Herr Apotheker Marquardt has been so good as

to name for me Festuca Arundinacea, a number of mining larve,

some of them already full-grown, which, on account of their great

liveliness and their peculiar way of mining, I perceived at once

could not belong to any Elachista. The long mine itself has

naturally considerable resemblance to that made by an Elachista

larva, but is entirely free from excrement, which is always ejected

* T should remark that Dr. Schleich’s hunting-ground seems to produce most

of our peculiar fen insects. He had also found there Gelechia inornatella and

Pulustrellu, which had not been previously detected on the Continent.

VOL. I. THIRD SERIES, PART Ix.—MARCH, 1864. axa,

654 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the

by the larvee through openings made in the mine at irregular dis-

tances from one another. Hence the mine appears quite white,

and the larva moves in it with considerable liveliness. When

young the larva is almost transparent, and only betrays its position

in the mine by its shining black head and black plate, divided by

a very slender central line, on the second segment, and by the

dark anal plate; these characters also remain with the adult larva,

but with increasing age the body assumes a distinct sulphur-colour.

The segments are rather deeply incised, the dorsal vessel is dark

green, the anterior legs are of the colour of the body, but with the

tips darker. The larva seems to quit its abode very readily, and

easily forms a new one. When full grown it spins a loose, whitish,

elongate cocoon amongst the dead stems and leaves of grass.”

Now we have no evidence yet of the fact that this larvais really

that of Cosmopteryx Orichalcea; but we need have no hesitation,

from the similarity of its habits to those of the larva found by

Herr Hofmann in the leaves of the Hierochloé Australis at Ratisbon,

in pronouncing it a Cosmopteryx ; and the probability seems very

considerable of its being the larva of that species of Cosmopterya

which had been found in that precise locality, namely, C. Orichalcea.

The two specimens of C. Lienigiella which Dr. Schleich met

with were in a different locality.

I will now glance at the sum total of our present knowledge of

the European species of the genus Cosmopteryx.

We have six species, viz. :—

One with ochreous anterior wings (Lienigiella), of which the

larva is unknown and unsuspected :

One with brown anterior wings (Scribaiella), of which the larva

is unknown and unsuspected : both these species have slender,

longitudinal, silvery streaks in the basal portion of the wing ;

in Lienigiella the margins of the central fascia, which is little

yellower than the ochreous ground colour, are silvery; in

Scribaiella—which has the central fascia dark yellow, inclining

to orange, not the rich reddish-orange colour we see in the

black species-—the margins are pale golden, but the exterior

margin is ruptured a little above the middle of the wing, and

the orange-yellow colour protrudes through it: and we have

Four species with black anterior wings, namely — Haima, with

the base of the wing black, and the apical streak interrupted,

of which the pretty red marbled larva mines the leaves of the

hop; Schmidiella, with the base of the wing black, and the

apical streak uninterrupted, of which the pretty red marbled

European Species of the Genus Cosmopteryxz. 655

larva mines the leaves of Vicia Sepium ; Orichalcea, wiih

the base of the wing brassy, and the apical streak interrupted,

of which the larva is suspected to mine in the leaves of

Festuca Arundinacea; and Druryella, with the base of the

wing brassy, and the apical streak entire, of which the larva

mines the leaves of Hierochloé Australis.* In all these

species the margins of the central fascia, which are golden in

the male, have a rosy or violet tinge in the female; and

though all have the tips of the antenne white, there is this

difference, that Druryella and Orichalcea have two white

rings before the white tips; and in Schmidiella and Eximia

there is only one white ring. d

The synonymy of the species will be as follows :—

1. Lienigiella, Zeller, Isis, 1846, p. 298.—Stainton, Zoologist,

1850, p. 2753.—Id. Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin. p. 229.—

Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v. Europa, v. p. 284.

2. Scribaiella (Heyden), Zeller, Ent. Zeit. 1850, p. 197.—

Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v. Europa, v. p. 284, fig.

998.

3, Eximia, Haworth, Lep. Brit. p. 532. —Stephens, I]lustr.

Haust. iv. p. 2738.—Stainton, Manual, i. p. 395.—

Drurella, Stamton, Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin. p. 229. —Frey,

Tin. u. Pteroph. der Schweiz, p. 259, Anm.— Fologne,

Ann. de la Soc. Entom. Belge, vi. p. 162, pl. ii. fig. 1.—

Druryella, Herrich-Schafter, Schmett. v. Europa, v. p.

284, fig. 999.

4, Schmidiella, Frey, Tineen u. Pteroph. der Schweiz, p. 257.

(Alluded to also by Herrich-Schaffer under Druryella.)

5. Orichalcea, Stainton, Ent. Annual, 1861, p. 90.

6. Druryella, Zeller, Ent. Zeit. 1858, p. 196.—Frey, Tineen

u. Pteroph. der Schweiz, p. 258, Anm. (Alluded to

also by Herrich-Schaffer under Scribaiella.){

* T believe that Professor Frey entertains an idea that the insect bred from the

Hierochloé is distinct from the Druryella of Zeller; but at present I am not aware

of any differences, and the description seems to suit exactly.

t Tengstrém has a Druryella in his ‘‘ Anmarkn. och Tillagg till Finlands

Smafjaril-Fauna,” p. 191, but I cannot now say whether the specimen which I

then determined for him as Druryella was not Orichalcea,

yy 2

656 Mr. R. M‘Lachlan on the

LI. On the Types of Phryganide described by Fabricius

from the Banksian Collection. By R. M‘Lacutan,

Esq,., F.L.S.

[ Read 7th December, 1863.]

In the present paper I purpose making a few remarks on the

species of Phryganid@ described by Fabricius as contained in the

collection of Sir Joseph Banks, and of which the types still exist.

This collection has been lately presented to the British Museum

by its former possessors, the Linnean Society, and all who take

an interest in the preservation of typical specimens will rejoice

greatly that those contained in this collection have been saved

from the ruin that awaited them, had they remained much longer

in the unsuitable quarters in which the Banksian Cabinets were

unavoidably placed at Burlington House.

I have lately examined the few Trichopterous types, only three

in number. These are in very bad condition, but by dint of

cleaning off the fungoid matter that enveloped them, I have been

able to satisfy myself perfectly as to the modern genera in which

these insects should be placed, and that two (and probably all

three) have received new specific names. This is another example

of the necessity that exists for examining typical collections, when-

ever that may be possible, before venturing to propose new names.

It is, no doubt, true, that a vast number of the Fabrician descrip-

tions, and many also of the Linnzan, are quite enigmatical when

no types exist ; the same remark applies to the descriptions of most

of the old authors, and would be true of many of the modern ones

also, were not the types of these latter, in most cases, represented in

some of the Jarge public or private collections ; and for this reason,

we are told, that no name should stand unless the species be per-

fectly recognizable from the description. But who is to be the

judge in this matter? A. may say that B.’s descriptions are quite

unintelligible to him, and B. will retort that he can make nothing

of those of A., whereas C. may be able to correctly apply those

of both. It seems to me possible, that our inability to cor-

rectly understand the styles of different writers is often the

reason why a description is set down as worthless, when, at the

same time, it may be quite correct. I have seen it remarked, that

it would be a good thing if all the descriptive works on natural

Fabrician Types of Phryganide. 657

history, published before a certain date, should be burned. No

doubt this would save an immense amount of what, to most of

us, is uncongenial labour ; but while it would be unjust to those

naturalists whose writings are the foundation of all our know-

ledge, is it not also probable that some naturalist of the next

century may include, in a similar wish, those modern works that

we are wont to consider as masterpieces of research? My own

view is, that one law, and one only, can exist as regards nomen-

clature in natural science—that of priority, and that it is the duty

of all describers of new species to hold this law sacred.

The foregoing remarks may be considered digressive, but as

the subject-matter of these notes is intimately connected with the

question of nomenclature, I thought it a fitting opportunity for

stating my opinion on a question that has been lately so promi-

nently before this Society.

The descriptions of the three typical species of Phryganide in

the Banksian collection were first published in 1781 in the ‘ Spe-

cies Insectorum,’ and were re-produced in the later works of

Fabricius, viz., the ‘‘ Mantissa Insectorum” and ‘“ Entomologia

Systematica.” The insects were called Phryganea irrorata, P. sig-

nata and P. notata, on each of which I will make a few remarks :—

Phryganea irrorata, Fabr. Spec. Insect. i. p. 389, 9; Mantiss.

Insect. i. p. 245, 10; Ent. Syst. i. p. 77, 11.

‘“‘ P, alis fusco griseis: maculis atomisque niveis numerosis.

‘«¢ Habitat in America meridionali Mus. Dom. Banks.

** Magnitudo P. rhombice. Caput nigrum antennis testaceis.

Thorax niger macula dorsali testacea. Ale antic apice

subascendentes, cinereo fuscee maculis plurimis rhomboida-

libus atomisque niveis. Pedes testacei.”

The type of this species has lost the intermediate legs and the

abdomen, but otherwise is in tolerable condition. It is the same

as Limnephilus intercisus, Walker, Brit. Mus. Cat. Neurop. pt. 1,

p- 30, 41. The spurs of this insect are arranged 1, 2, 2, and from

this cause it has been placed in a sub-genus (without name) of

Enoicyla, Rambur, by Dr. Hagen in the “ Neuroptera of North

America,” p. 268, 2. The description of Fabricius applies very

well, and the words ‘ale antice subascendentes” give a good

idea of the shape of the anterior wings, which have much the

same form as in that sub-genus of Limnephilus to which the names

of Glyphotelius and Glyphidotaulius have been given.

Dr. Hagen, in the work before mentioned, erroneously gives

658 Mr. R. M‘Lachlan on the

Fabricius’s name irrorata to Neuronia concatenata of Walker,

with the remark that the type requires to be examined again.

Phryganea signata, Fabr. Spec. Insect. i. p. 389, 7; Mantiss.

Insect. 1. p. 245, 8; Ent. Syst. ii. p. 76, 8.

“‘P, alis griseo fuscis: margine postico flavo striato.

“‘ Habitat in America septentrionali Mus. Dom. Banks.

“Parva. Caput fuscum. Ale griseo fusce, nitide, flavo macu-

latee et margine postico flavo striato.”

The type of this species is in very bad condition, without head,

abdomen and legs, and the wings are inextricably matted together,

so that the neuration of the anterior wings is almost our only guide

towards determining the genus. From the peculiar form of the

discoidal cell, the deep indentation formed by the sub-costal ner-

vure shortly before the apex, and the arrangement of the apical

veins, I have no doubt that the insect is a male of the genus Bra-

chycentrus, Curtis ; a conclusion favoured also by the general form

of the creature so far as this can be made out.

The two described species of this genus from North America

are B. fuliginosus, Walker, Brit. Mus. Cat. pt. i. p. 88, 7, and

B. incanus, Hagen, Neurop. North Amer. p. 272, 2. It is impos-

sible to say if the species of Fabricius be the same as either of

these, but the description is rather in favour of B. zncanus, an insect

I have never seen.*

Dr. Hagen places P. signata, Fab., in Neuronia in his work

(p. 250, 4), with the query— Does it belong to this genus ?”’

Phryganea notata, Fabr. Spec. Insect. i. p. 390, 12; Mantiss.

Insect. i. p. 246, 15; Ent. Syst. i. p. 78, 18.

«P, alis anticis cinereo flavescentibus: macula marginali fusca.

“¢ Habitat in America boreali Mus. Dom. Banks.

‘Corpus fuscum antennis pedibusque testaceis. Alze anticz

cinereo flavescentes, unicolores macula marginali fusca, pos-

ticee albae, hyalinee, nitidee.”

When examining the type of this insect, the first thing that

struck me as singular was the peculiarly developed and deeply

divided prothorax indicative of the genus Dipseudopsis, Walker ;

and, on carefully comparing it with the type of Mr. Walker’s

D. Capensis, 1 could not detect the slightest difference, and believe

* Dr. Hagen now informs me that he thinks B. incanus (of which he possesses

only one immature example) to be identical with B. fuliginosus—R. M‘L.,

March, 1864.

Fabrician Fypes of Phryganide. 659

them to be identical. But then there is the difficulty as to the

widely distant localities given as the habitat by the two authors.

As far as I can learn, there is no doubt that the type of Mr.

Walker’s species was in a collection of insects sent from Natal by

Mr. Gueinzius, so the mistake must rest with Fabricius; and I

may mention, that the only two species of Dipseudopsis at present

described are from the Old World, viz., D. Capensis, Walker,

from South Africa, and D. collaris, M‘Lachlan, from China.

The type specimen of P. notata does not agree with the above

description so far as the words “macula marginali fusca” are

concerned. One would imagine that Fabricius had before him

some species possessing a marked pterostigma, of which there is

certainly no sign either in his type or in that of Mr. Walker.

But as there is no evidence that the labels have been misplaced,

and no other insect in the Collection that we can reasonably sup-

pose to have a better right to the name, I think the specimen now

bearing that label must be considered as the type.

In Dr. Hagen’s work, P. notata is likewise placed in the genus

Neuronia (p. 252, 8), with the remark, “Is this N. semifasciata,

Say?” My notes sufficiently answer this question.

PROCEEDINGS

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

1861.

February 4, 1861.

J. W. Dovatss, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to

the donors :—‘ Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle de Genéve,

Tome xv., Deuxiéme Partie; presented by the Society. ‘ Proceedings of the Royal

Society, Vol. xi. No. 42; by the Society. ‘Journal of the Proceedings of the Lin-

nean Society, Supplement to Vol. v., Botany ; by the Society. ‘ Annales de la Société

Entomologique Belge, Tome iv.; by the Society. ‘Sulla Monografia del Bombice

del Gelso del Dottor Emilio Cornalia, Relazione di Antonio Villa;’ ‘ Osservazioni

Zoologiche eseguite durante lecclisse parziale di sole del 18 Juglio, 1860, communi-

cate dal Socio Antonio Villa ; ‘ Straordinaria apparizione di insetti carnivori, di An-

tonio Villa;’ ‘Sui Curculioniti dell’ agro Pavese enumerati dal Dottor Prada, Relazione

letta nella seduta 18 Decembre, 1859, della Societa Geologica in Milano dal socio

fondatore Antonio Villa, Vice-Presidente della Societa Stessa;’ by the Author. ‘ The

Journal of the Society of Arts’ for January; by the Society. ‘ The Farm and Garden,’

Nos. 23 and 24; by C. A. Wilson. ‘The Zoologist’ for February; by the Editor.

‘The Atheneum’ for January; by the Editor. ‘The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelli-

gencer,’ Nos. 223 to 226 inclusive; by H. T. Stainton, Esq.

Election of a Subscriber.

Joseph Holdsworth, Esq., of 54, Lombard Street, London, was balloted for and

elected a Subscriber to the Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Janson exhibited a specimen of Philonthus punctiventris, Kraatz (‘ Naturgis-

chichte der Insecten Deutschlands,’ ii. 578, 10; 1857), and made the following obser-

vations respecting the species :—

“ Nearly allied to P. carbonarius, Gyll., from which it is readily distinguished by

its slender antenne, of which the penultimate articulations are but slightly transverse ;

by the deep and close punctuation of the region of the head behind the eyes, and by

the green tint of the elytra. These characters, and the simple anterior tarsi in both

sexes, will also serve at once to distinguish it from P. eneus, Ross?.

“This species has not hitherto been recorded as British. The specimen now exhi-.

bited, the only one which I have seen, was taken, in the autumn of last year, near

London, by my friend Mr. Edwin Shepherd.”

Mr. Walker exhibited, on the part of Mr. F. Smith, some very small white pupa-

cases that were found attached to wasps’ nests. These pupe are very finely striated,

and their size is so very minute that they might have been mistaken for eggs if Mr.

Smith had not discovered the skin of the larva inside.

Mr. Walker also exhibited, from Mr. Smith, some larve taken feeding on the

refuse of hornets’ nests.

Mr. Westwood considered them to be the larve of an Anthomyia, and probably of

A. canicularis.

Mr. Stevens exhibited some beautiful Saturnia and other Lepidoptera, sent from

Port Natal by M. Gueinzius; and some extraordinary Tineina from Bootan.

Mr. Bond exhibited a specimen of Cidaria reticularia, W. V., one of three exam-

ples taken in the Lake District, in 1856, by Mr. T. H. Allis. The species had not

previously been recorded as an inhabitant of Britain.

The Secretary read a paper by T. V. Wollaston, Esq., intituled “ On the Atlantic

Cossonides.”

March 4, 1861.

J. W. Dovetzas, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to’

the donors: —‘ On some Oceanic Entomostraca collected by Captain Toynbee, by

John Lubbock, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S.; presented by the Author. ‘ The Journal of the

Royal Agricultural Society of England, Vol. xxi. Part 2; by the Society. ‘The

Journal of the Society of Arts’ for February ; by the Society. ‘ The Atheneum’ for

February ; by the Editor. The‘ Zoologist’ for March ; by the Editor. ‘Tbe Ento-

mologist’s Weekly Intelligencer,’ Nos. 227 to 230 inclusive; by H. T. Stainton, Esq.

‘Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, Vol. xxii. Nos. 1—3; by the Entomological So-

ciety of Stettin.

Elections.

George Sharp Saunders, Esq., of Hill Field, Reigate, was elected a Member of

the Society; and Alfred Haward, Esq., of Gloucester Road, Croydon, was elected a

Subscriber to the Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Stainton exhibited two beautiful specimens of Nylina conformis, taken near

Cardiff, on ivy-blossoms, in October, 1859. The species had not hitherto been cap-

tured in Britain.

Dr. Wallace exhibited fine dark varieties of Hemerophila abruptaria, taken near

London; and a Lasiocampa bred from the larva found in the Isle of Wight, which he

considered closely resembled the species or variety fiom the North of England, named

Callune by Dr. Palmer.

| Mr. Mitford exhibited a beautiful brown variety of Biston prodromarius, and a

hybrid produced from Phigalia pilosaria and Nyssia hispidaria, respecting which he

furnished the following notes :—

“On the 5th of March, 1859, I enclosed a female of Nyssia hispidaria, which

had recently emerged from the pupa, in a gauze-covered chip-box, and also intro-

duced a male of Phigalia pilosaria. They copulated, and on the 7th of that month

the female deposited her eggs, which hatched the first week in April, and the larve

assumed the pupa state about a month afterwards. The following March three per-

fect and three crippled males, and one female made their appearance. Tn size the

males resemble N. hispidaria, but in colour have the lighter and greener tint and

transparency of wing of P. pilosaria; the legs and antenne of the female also are

annulated as in the females of the latter species. I should add that but for an acci-

dent, which destroyed the greater part of my pupe, I should probably have bred forty

or fifty more.”

Mr. Mitford also exhibited the following species of Psyche, with notes on their

economy :—

“ P, fusca. Larva of this species abundant in the neighbourhood of Hampstead ;

it feeds early and late in the season, chiefly on bramble; in the summer months, on

various trees and plants, more particularly buckthorn, oak and mountain ash. The

larve are hatched in August, and the moths appear the following June twelvemonths;

thus they are two years in arriving at the perfect state. The female pupa-cases are

found spun up on leaves in an upright position; that of the male is generally pen-

dant from branches or main stems.

“« P. vadiella. The perfect insect frequents moist places on Hampstead Heath,

in June. I have never found the larva-cases.

“ P, salicolella. ‘The larva-cases of this species were discovered by Mr. Tompkins

on buckthorn, and afterwards by myself on birch, at Hampstead : they are a fac-simile

of a small P. fusca case.

“The females of these three species remain. within the larva-case.

“< P. intermediella. Found on stems of fir-trees at Black Park, in abundance, in

June.

uP, ? Apparently a very distinct species, allied to P. roboricolella, but the

wings much more rounded, as in P. radiella.”

Mr. Mitford likewise exhibited a fine specimen of Acrolepia marcidella, taken in

his garden at Hampstead.

Mr. Bond observed that the two or three examples of this species hitherto taken

in this country were much wasted.

Dr. Knaggs announced that the Noctua exhibited and described by him at the

Meeting of the Society on the 1st of October last as Nonagria? Bondii, had been pro-

nounced by M. Guenée to be a species unknown to him.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited three species of Scymnus, 27z., 8. discoideus, and two

others which he thought might probably be included by authors among the varieties

of that species, but which have different habits and present distinguishing peculi-

avities. With regard to S. discoideus, he observed that all, or almost all, authors

stated that the insect was found on, or in the immediate neighbourhood of, fir trees :

he had examined a large number of specimens having this habitat, but he did not find

that amount of variation in colour which had been attributed to the species ; on the

contrary, a large number of specimens collected by himself and Dr. Power, from fir

trees, presented no marked varieties: they could all be comprised in the following

description :—

Oval (slightly oblong), black; elytra thickly and rather finely punctured, the punc-

tures of unequal size; fulvous-red, with the suture narrowly edged with dusky,

and sometimes likewise the base of the elytra, as well as the outer margin on

the basal half; antennez, palpi and legs more or less dusky (never entirely

pale) ; thorax with the sides very generally rufescent, especially towards and

at the anterior angles. Body beneath rather strongly but by no means thickly

punctured ; the chest with a distinct longitudinal grove.

The dark edging to the suture and other parts of the elytra is very commonly ill-

defined, and by no means distinct. S. atriceps of Stephens is founded upon an imma-

ture specimen of this species. The other two insects were found in marshy situations

in localities far remote from fir trees. The first of these Mr. Waterhouse distin-

guished from S. discoideus by its somewhat smaller size; less ample, and posteriorly

somewhat acuminated elytra; the more dense and fine puncturing of the under parts;

the constantly uniform testaceous colour of the legs, the shorter and more inflated form

of the femora; the excessively indistinct or obsolete pectoral grove ; and, lastly, by

the colouring. Here the black on the elytra usually covers as much surface as the

red ; in most instances it completely margins each elytron, is broad at the base of the

elytra, and on the suture it forms a band which is very broad anteriorly, and gradually

contracted in width towards the apex of the elytra, but very commonly it is more or

less expanded for a short distance near the middle of the suture. To this insect Mr.

Waterhouse applied the name 8. Mulsanti: it is the S. limbatus of Stephens’s col-

lection, but not of his description. Mr. Waterhouse stated that he had examined

upwards of thirty specimens found at Southend, Deal, Holmbush, &c.

The third species is considerably smaller than S. discoideus, is black, with deep

red elytra, and these are narrowly margined externally, and rather broadly margined

at the apex, with black; along the suture is a broad (at times very broad) black

band, which is pretty nearly of uniform width: it is, however, more particularly dis-

tinguished by its short convex form (the elytra being very obtusely rounded behind),

and the punctuation of the elytra being stronger and more distinct, the punctures not

varying in size, being less dense, and the interstices being even, not rugulose. Eleven

specimens (mostly from the Hammersmith Marshes and Hornsey Fen) furnish the

above characters: in all, the legs are black, and the antenne and palpi dusky. This

is the Scymnus limbatus of Kirby’s MSS. and collection, and of Stephens’s ‘ Illus-

trations.’

Mr. Waterhouse communicated detailed descriptions of these three species to the

Meeting.

Mr. Waterhouse also exhibited three species of Bryaxis; two at least were hitherto

unrecorded as British ; one of the three is probably the B. assimilis of Curtis.

Bryaxis Helferi, Schmidt, &c., Pselaph. Faun. Pragen, p. 33.

—, Aubé, Revision de la Famille des Psélaphiens, in the Annales de

la Soc. Ent. de France, 2me sér. ii. p. 109.

——— pulchella, Schaum, in Germar’s Zeitschrift fiir die Entomologie, iv. 192.

In size and colouring this species nearly resembles Bryaxis impressa of Denny,

Evichs., Aubé, &c., but is readily distinguished by the comparatively large size of the

central fovea on the back of the thorax, this being nearly as large as the lateral fovee,

whilst in B. impressa it is very small, as in B. Juncorum; moreover, the male sex of

the present insect has the anterior trochanters armed with a spine, and the first abdo-

minal segment has a small curved groove at the apex, enclosing a small, slightly raised

area. The middle tibia has a distinct spine at the apex in the same sex. Usually the

red of the elytra is darker than in B. impressa.

On the Continent this species is said to be found in the neighbourhood of salt or

brackish water, and such was the case with most of his specimens, these being taken at

Sheppey, Southend and Gravesend, but it does not confine itself to such situations,

since Mr. W. found a specimen at Hawkhurst, in Kent, and a second in the Crystal

Palace.

B. Lefebvrii, Aube, Monogr. p. 28, pl. 83, f. 1? Révision, &c., p. 108?

Mr. Waterhouse has in his British collection a female Bryaxis which in size

and colouring greatly resembles B. Helferi, but which is certainly distinct. He has

no note of its locality. When compared with B. Helferi it differs in having the abdo-

men more finely and less thickly punctured, and hence this part is more glossy, and

the two striolz at the base of the first segment are much more widely separated :* the

insect is furthermore narrower, and has the humeral angles of the elytra more promi-

nent. He has in his possession a male insect, from Paris, named B. Lefebvrii, which

agrees most closely with the present insect in the points just noticed, and it agrees

with the characters laid down for B. Lefebvrii (including the small size of the spur to

the middle tibie), but here he finds a small spur to the anterior tibia, and he could

see no spur to the hind tibie: in the descriptions the spur is said to exist on the

middle and posterior tibiz.

The third species belongs to the same section as B. fossulata, having the abdo-

men simple in both sexes; the anterior coxe unarmed in the male, which sex is only

distinguished by a small spine at the apex of the intermediate tibie ; the three foves

on the thorax nearly equal. In size it is equal to B. sanguinea, and its antenne are

as long as in the female of that insect, and hence longer than in B. fossulata: its

colour is rufo-piceous ; the elytra red, with the margins dusky ; the legs fusco-testaceous.

This species being apparently undescribed, the name Bryaxis simplex was proposed

for it. A detailed description was communicated to the Meeting.

Lastly, Mr. Waterhouse called attention to a fine species of Anobium which had

just been found by Mr. Turner in the neighbourhood of London: this would most

probably prove to be the A. denticolle of Panzer; but the only specimens Mr. W. had

had an opportunity of examining were two in Mr. Stephens’s collection, one in very

bad condition. Mr. Turner’s insect differed from these in being very much larger, and

apparently rather broader, being very nearly as large as A. tessellatum; its scutellum

was apparently broader, and of a truly quadrate form.

* Tn these insects usually may be seen three transverse depressions at the base of

the abdomen, close to the edge of the elytra, and the central depression is bounded

by two nearly longitudinal but slightly diverging strie ; in the male of B. Helferi the

space between the stria is very nearly equal to one-third of the width of the convex

part of the abdomen ; in the female it is less, since it scarcely exceeds one-fifth ; whilst

in the female insect which Mr. W. supposes to be that of B. Lefebvrii, the space

between the striz is decidedly more than one-third of the width of the abdomen, not

including the subreflected lateral margin.

Mr. Waterhouse also read the following :—

Note on the British Species of Clambus.

“ The species of Clambus described in the second volume of Stephens’s ‘ Illustra-

tions’ are :—

“1, Clambus Armadillus. The description appears to me to belong to Agathi-

dium minutum of Sturm (= Clambus minutus, Fairm. et Lab. = C. Armadillus,

Redt.), but \C. Armadillus of Stephens’s collection is identical with C. Armadillo of

Fairm., and it is from this latter insect I have no doubt that the figure in the ‘ Illus-

trations’ is taken. :

“9, Clambus coccinelloides (Kirby MSS.) is represented in Stephens’s collection

by a specimen of Chetarthria seminulum. ‘T possess a single example of this insect,

which was kindly given me by the Rev. W. Kirby’ (see Steph. Illustr. ii. p. 184).

“3. C. Enshamensis, Steph. Illustr. and Collection. This is identified (and, as it

appears to me, correctly) with Scaphidium dubium of Marsham (Ent. Brit. p. 234) by

Mr. Wollaston: it is the Calyptomerus dubius of Wollaston’s ‘ Catalogue of the Co-

leopterous Insects of Madeira,’ C. Enshamensis of Jacquelin Duval’s ‘Genera des

Coléoptéres d’Europe, and Comazus Enshamensis of Fairm. et Labonlb. Notwith-

standing that there are certain discrepancies, when the characters laid down by Redt-

enbacher for his genus Calyptomerus are compared with those which are displayed by

Clambus Enshamensis of Stephens, it has been supposed that they were really taken

from the same insect. We are informed, however, in the Berlin Ent. Zeit. 1857, p.

174, that Calyptomerus alpestris of Redt. (the only known species of the genus) is a

much larger insect than Clambus Enshamensis ; and in Dr. Schaum’s ‘ Catalogue,

1859, p. 37, we find the two genera given as distinct, Fairmaire’s genus Comazus

being used for our British insect.

“In the fifth volume of the ‘ Illustrations’ Stephens adds two other species of

Clambus to our list, viz. :—

“ C, niyriclavis, Rudd, MSS. (represented by a single specimen in the collection),

which is the C. minutus, Sturm., Fairm., §&c. = C. Armadillus, Redt.

extremely brief description I am unable clearly to identify the species.

* Lastly, Stephens describes two species of the present genus amongst the species

of Agathidum, viz., A. minutum = A. minutum, Sturm.; and A. nanum = Clambus

Armadillus, Fairmaire, &c.

‘“‘Of the genus Clambus, as now restricted, I have met with three species pretty

plentifully in the vicinity of London: I have seen no other British species.

They are :—

“1, Clambus minutus (Agathidium minutum), Sturm. This is the largest of our

species, and is readily distinguished by an almost total absence of pubescence on the

upper parts; hence it appears much more glossy ; its colour is pitechy black: the tho-

yax is margined with rufo-testaceous, narrowly before and behind, but considerably

extended on the sides: the elytra very commonly have a bright rufous spot on the

disk. The legs and antenne are pale testaceous.

“2. C. Armadillus, DeGeer, Fairm. et Lab. Black; clothed (not very densely)

with longish pale hairs; sides of the thorax very narrowly and indistinctly edged with

testaceous ; body beneath entirely black ; antennz and legs more or less dusky ; the

tarsi pale.

“3. C. pubescens, Redtenbacher. This is the smallest of the three species: it is

distinguished by the upper parts being densely clothed with pale ashy pubescence

(hence the insect has a somewhat dull appearance) ; the colour is black, but the apex

of the elytra and the abdomen are more or less pitchy; the pale colour on the sides of

the thorax is more extended than in the preceding species, and the legs are entirely of

a very pale testaceous colour; the antenne are also pale, with the exception of the

club, which is somewhat tinted with brown.

“The form of the head likewise differs in these insects; and with regard to the

last-mentioned species, I would call attention to the larger size of the eye, when com-

pared with the preceding : here it occupies nearly the whole of the lateral lobe of the

head, which is marked off by the antennal notch.”

The following papers were read :—

“ On the Geographical Distribution of the Family Zygenides,” by Mr. W. F. Kirby.

“A Monograph of Pronophila, a Genus of the Diurnal Lepidoptera,” by Mr.

W. C. Hewitson.

“ Descriptions of new Species of Aculeate Hymenoptera collected at Panama by

R. W. Stretch, Esq.; with a List of the described Species, and the various Localities

where they have previously occurred,” by Mr. Frederick Smith,

Part 8 of the current volume of the ‘ Transactions,’ recently published, was on the

table.

April 1, 1861.

J. W. Douetas, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to

the donors : — ‘ Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge,’ Vol. xi.; ‘ Instructions in

reference to collecting Nests and Eggs of North-American Birds ; ‘ Catalogue of the

described Lepidoptera of North America, prepared for the Smithsonian Institution by

John G. Morris ; presented by the Smithsonian Institution. ‘ New Genera and Spe-

cies of North-American Tipulide with short Palpi, with an Attempt at a new Classi-

fication of the Tribe, by Baron R. von Osten-Sacken ; by the Author. ‘Journal of

the Proceedings of the Linnean Society,’ Vol. v. No. 19; by the Society. Leydig’s

‘Natural History of the Daphnide—Reviewed by J. Lubbock, Esq.’; by the Author.

‘On Spherularia in Bombi,’ by John Lubbock, F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S.; by the Author.

‘Exotic Butterflies; Part 38; by W. W. Saunders, Esq. ‘The Zoologist’ for April ;

by the Editor. ‘ The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for March by the Society. ‘The

Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer, Nos. 231 to 233; by H. T. Stainton, Esq.

Election of a Subscriber.

Aaron Solomons, Esq., of 16, Pownall Road, Dalston, was elected a Subscriber to

the Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. F. Smith exhibited a nnmber of Myrmedonia funesta and other Coleoptera,

found in a nest of Formica fuliginosa at Erith.

Mr. Fereday exhibited some specimens of Nausibius dentatus, Marsham, bred

from the fruit of Dimocarpus Litchi received from China.

Dr. Knaggs exhibited a small mutilated larva, apparently lepidopterous, respecting

which he communicated the following :—

“A medical friend was called to see a child, ten years of age, who was suffering

from vomiting of blood and passage of blood by stool. On examination of the

pharynx he. observed that blood was trickling from the posterior nostrils; during the

examination the child expressed an inclination to sneeze, upon which a white

pocket handkerchief was applied, in order to see if any blood was thereby

ejected ; there was, however, nothing but mucus and the small larva produced, which

was alive at the time, but had since been crushed by accident.”

Dr. Knaggs observed that instances of insects being ejected from the nostrils by

sneezing had been previously recorded in the ‘ Proceedings’ of the Society. The

injured larva he now exhibited was probably that of Endrosis fenestrella, a very common

species everywhere in houses; and he considered it not impossible that it was on the

handkerchief before the sneezing took place.

Mr. M‘Lachlan exhibited specimens of a trichopterous insect new to Britain, the

Gouiotaulius concentricus, Kolenati, not Phryganea concentrica, Zeit. ; Stenophylax

vibex, Brauer, not of Curtis. Of this species about a dozen specimens were taken in

1860, near Ranworth, by Mr. Winter ; it isa common species on the Continent, and

variable, the typical specimens from Russia being smaller and darker than those of

Western Europe.

Mr. Stainton exhibited cases of two species of the long-horned moths. One case,

which belonged either to the genus Adela or the genus Nemophora, was composed of

several pieces of brown leaves added in succession: the larve inhabiting this sort of

case were feeding on withered oak-leaves. The other case, which probably belonged

to the genus Nemotois, was formed by successive additions around a brown oval

nucleus, and was much contracted in the middle: the larve inhabiting this case were

feeding on the green leaves of Ballota nigra. The Adela? cases were found by Mr.

Healy, at West Wickham, by searching amongst the fallen oak-leaves. The Nemo-

tois? cases were collected by Herr Schmid, of Frankfort-on-the Maine, around plants

of Ballota nigra, the lower leaves of which were much eaten by them.

Mr. F. Walker exhibited a large box of North-American Hemiptera, and made

the following remarks, which occurred to him while inspecting this collection :—“ It

is well known what a great affinity part of the fauna of North America bears to that

of Europe; and this likeness between the two faunas increases northward until they

become nearly identical; and there are indications that the separation between the

eastern and western continents took place at a later period in the northern regions

than in the southern regions. The separation between the northern fauna and the

southern fauna is much less complete in the western countries than in the eastern

countries ; and this is owing to the divisions in the latter by means of seas aud moun-

tains, which are comparatively wanting in the western continent. The fauna of the

Central States of North America and that of the eastern slope of the Alleghany moun-

tains appear to be equally similar to that of England; and in the plains of the United

States the faunas of the north and of the south are comparatively mingled together,

whereas in the regions of the Old World they are nearly separate, and in the southern

part the northern fauna only appears on the mountain ranges. I will conclude by

- enumerating a few of the species in this box which appear to be most nearly allied to

the British Hemiptera, or to be identical with them :—

Corimelena unicolor Tingis hyalina

ee pulicaria Reduvius personatus

Ophthalmicus niger Nabis ferus

Anthocoris pseudo-chinche Hebrus americanus

Neides spinosus Gerris apterus

Lygeus linearis » Marginatus

» bioculatus Ranatra fusca

Eurymerocotis nigritulus Corixa annexa

Rhopalus maculigerus Aphrophora quadrinotata

Salda leta Psylla diaphana

Zosmenus latus

The American Reduvius personatus seems to be sufficiently distinct from the British

species to be entitled to receive a new name.”

May 6, 1861.

J. W. Douatas, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented

to the respective donors: —‘ Transactions of the Linnean Society,’ Vol. xxiii.

Part 1; presented by the Society. ‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society, Vol. xi.

No. 43; by the Zoological Society. ‘ Proceedings of the Society, Part 3, 1860;

by the Society. ‘Observations on the Neuration of the Hind Wings of Hyme-

nopterous Insects, and on the Hooks which join the Fore and Hind Wings

together in Flight, by Miss Staveley; by, the Author. The ‘ Zoologist’ for

May ; by the Editor. ‘ Notes on the Generative Organs, and on the Formation of

the Egg, in the Annulosa, Part 1, by John Lubbock, Esq., F.R.S.; by the Author.

‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for April; by the Society. ‘The Atheneum’ for

March and April; by the Editor. ‘The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer, Vol.

ix. and Nos. 235 to 239 inclusive; by H. T. Stainton, Esq.

Elections.

A. Murray, Esq., of Scotland Street, Edinburgh, was elected a Member; and

James Arthur Laing, Esq., of Paragon Road, Blackheath, was elected a Subscriber

to the Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Stevens exhibited some specimens of Saperda oculata from the Cambridge-

shire fens, and observed that the species had not previously been taken in this country

for about twenty years. He also exhibited two beautiful Cetonide, viz., Tmesorrhina

Thoreyi and T. Iris, from Sierra Leone; and three fine species of Paussus, from the

coast of Malabar.

Dr. Wallace exhibited a specimen of Acherontia Lethe, said to have been found

alive by a young lady at East Cowes. Being a native of the East Indies, it must

have been accidentally imported into this country.

Mr. Haward exhibited a fine example of Buryporus picipes, found under decaying

leaves on Sanderstead Downs.

Mr. Machin exhibited some interesting Micro-Lepidoptera, amongst which were

Stigmonota interruptana, Coleophora vulneraria, an apparently new species of Ge-

lechia, &c.

Mr. Stainton exhibited larve of two species of Micropteryx mining in birch-leaves.

He remarked that they were perfectly apodal, tapering towards the tail. The mine, at

first a slender gallery, eventually became a large blotch, in which the excrement

assumed the peculiar appearance of a coil of black thread. These larve had often

before been observed by Mr. Stainton and other Micro-Lepidopterists, but had always

been neglected by them under the idea that they were Coleopterous.

In reply to a question from Mr. Westwood, Mr. Stainton stated that the Lepi-

dopterous larve to which these were most nearly related were those of the genus

Antispila.

Improved Breeding-cage.

Dr. Knaggs brought for exhibition one of the cages which he used for rearing the

larve of Lepidoptera. It consisted of a glass cylinder, covered at its upper aperture

with muslin fastened by twine or thread, in preference to elastic India-rubber rings,

which are apt to break from dampness or long-continued contact with another sur-

face ; of an unglazed earthenware plate, with a perforation in the centre of sufficient

size to admit of the food-plant being dragged through, so as entirely to block it up;

twigs, &c., requiring to have a strip of linen twisted round them before they are

passed through the opening ; and of a jam-pot or other receptacle for water.

In his opinion there were many advantages over any breeding-cage he had hithenal

seen or heard of, of which the absence of putrid water, which must always occur where

damp sand is used, was the most important; dead larve, frass, &c., could be at once

removed ; there was a good footing on the unglazed plate, on which larve could not

only crawl with ease, but could not become entangled, as to their legs, with webs,

grains of sand (damp or dry), or cotton wool ; by simply lifting cage, larve, food and

all, from the water, the ends of the plants might be clipped off with a pair of scissors,

and the cage placed into another jam-pot of pure water; and he suggested that if this

were done about every other day the food would keep perfectly fresh for at least a fort-

night; in fact, although the plant obtains the amount of moisture it requires, the cage

remains dry. Amongst other advantages may be mentioned facility for the observa-

tion of larval habits ; great economy of time and labour; great economy in price,

thereby allowing a far larger number of cages for the same expenditure, so that spe-

cies, and even individuals when necessary, may be kept separate; cleanliness, free

access of air and light, &c.

On the score of economy he strongly recommended them; the cylinders, being the

cut-off bottoms of glass shades, were of course almost unsaleable articles, so that, at

any rate at present, they might be obtained for a sum varying from a penny to a shil-

ling, accurding to size.

With regard to the unglazed plates (the ordinary state in which stock is kept),

they might be got from the manufacturers ; he would advise, however, that those of

the best make should be procured, as being flatter; ingenuity would soon make holes

in them, which might be done either by a drill or by a stock and countersink. The .

prices he paid for the best unglazed plates vary from 1s. 6d. to 2s. 6d. per dozen,

according to size.

The following papers were read by the Secretary :—

“« Notes on the Distribution of Insects in the Channel Islands,” by F. Walker, Esq.

“On the Euphorbia-infesting Coleoptera of the Canary Islands,” by T. V. Wol-

laston, Esq.

June 3, 1861.

J. W. Dovetas, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to

the donors :—‘ Sitzungsberichte der Konig]. bayer Akademie der Wissenschaften zu

Miinnchen, 1860, Heft 4,5; presented by the Academy. ‘ Proceedings of the Ber-

wickshire Naturalists’ Club,’ vol. iv. No.4; by the Club. The ‘ Zoologist’ for June;

by the Editor. The‘ Journal of the Scciety of Arts’ for May; by the Society. The

‘Atheneum’ for May; by the Editor. ‘Catalogue of British Coleoptera, sheets O

and P, two copies; by the Author, G. R. Waterhouse, Esq. The ‘Journal of Ento-

mology,’ No. 3 ; by the Proprietors.

Exhibitions.

The President exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Charles Fenn, a specimen of Saturnia

Carpini, the wings of which on the left side presented the coloration of the female of

that species, whilst those on the opposite side, the structure of the antenne, &c., agreed

precisely with the male insect.

Mr. Lubbock observed that he believed none of these apparent hermaphrodites had

been anatomically examined, and he thought it would be very interesting to ascertain

how far the disposition of the internal organs corresponded with the external peculi-

arities. i

Mr. Bond exhibited two remarkably large male examples of Ennomos illunaria,

bred by the Rev. Joseph Greene from pup found at the roots of a lime tree at New-

rath Bridge, near Wicklow ; also two species of Eupithecia, which had been recently

determined by Mr. H. Doubleday to be the E. tripunctata and E. trisignata of Her-

_ rich-Scheffer.

Dr. Knaggs exhibited drawings of the larve of these Eupitheciz, executed by the

Rev. H. Harpur Crewe, who had found them on Angelica sylvestris ; aud the larva of

E. helveticaria, also received from Mr. Crewe.

Sir John Hearsey exhibited a number of beautiful drawings of the transformations

of Indian Lepidoptera, with their food plants, executed from nature by the members of

his own family..

Mr. Solomon exhibited specimens of Ammecius elevatus, from Southport Sands,

near Liverpool ; and Staphylinus latebricola and S. fulvipes, taken near Folkestone:

Mr. Solomon also exhibited, on behalf of the captors, Messrs. D. and H. Moses,

examples of Byrrhus Dennii, taken on Clapham Common, and a fine specimen of the

rare Myrmedonia Haworthii, found under dead leaves in Dulwich Wood.

The President exhibited Micropus sabuleti, Fallen, an hemipterous insect new to

the British list, although taken several years since by Mr. Wollaston in Dorsetshire ;

it was also captured by Dr. Power, at Merton, in 1859, and by Mr. G. Lewis, near

Folkestone, in 1860. About one insect in twenty only has wings, a peculiarity noticed

by Fallen.

Mr. F. Smith exhibited a living example of Aspidomorpha Sta. Crucis, a splendid

Cassida from India, lately received at the British Museum, and the only one of a

number sent which reached this country alive.

Sir J. Hearsey observed that he had frequently noticed this beautiful species in

India, and that when his family visited the subterranean temples of Salsette they found

it in some abundance on the island.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited a series of specimens of Ceuthorhyncus sulcicollis, Gyll.,

and a series of another species very much resembling the C. sulcicollis, but differing so

as to lead him to regard it as a distinct species. The first mentioned insect is common

in the London district, and is found on the Erysimum officinale and perhaps some

other plants ; the second insect Mr. Waterhouse had met with at Highgate, in the

neighbourhood of Box Hill, Surrey, and at Northfleet in Kent, always on the Ery-

simum Alliaria, and always unaccompanied by the C. sulcicollis. Its most obvious

points of distinction consist in the constantly pitchy red colour of the tarsi, and the

under parts of the body and the sides of the chest being very sparingly clothed with

minute gray-white scales. In C. sulcicollis the under parts are pretty densely clothed

with pale scales, and the little triangular plate on the side of the chest, which partially

separates the thorax from the elytra, is so completely covered with white or pale buff-

coloured scales as to form a conspicuous pale spot at that part. These differences Mr.

Waterhouse had formerly noticed when comparing a certain Ceuthorhynchus, presented

to the British Museum by Mr. Walton, with the C. sulcicollis, but at that time ke

imagined Mr. Walton’s insect (which was regarded by him as the C. tarsalis of Schon-

herr *) was a mete variety of the C. sulcicollis; he now finds, however, that the differ-

ences noticed are accompanied by others; the red-footed insect differs from C. sulci-

collis in having the antenne longer, the thorax more coarsely punctured, the pointed

tubercles at the apex of the elytra less distinct, and the interstices of the striae sub-

granular. The tarsi, moreover, are shorter and stouter, and the femora are more

strongly toothed. The dark colour of the under parts, owing to the scarcity of scales,

forms a marked difference when the under side of this insect is compared with that of

C. sulcicollis, and when the male sex of each species is compared more important

differences are seen. In the male C. sulcicollis the penultimate abdominal segment

has two approximated small tubercles, and the last segment is concave in the middle

third, the concavity being bounded on each side by a slightly raised ridge ; the chest,

moreover, is slightly concave ; in the other Ceuthorlyuchus the chest is strongly con-

cave in the middle; the penultimate abdominal segment is simple, and the concavity

on the last segment is bounded on either side by a well-marked conical tubercle ; the

under parts are likewise less thickly punctured. The C. picitarsis of Schénherr is

compared by its describer to the C. sulcicollis, from which it differs in having the

tarsi pale ferruginous, and in having the under parts of the body very sparingly scaled,

and so far agrees with the insect to which attention is directed; but C. picitarsis is

* On a former occasion Mr. Waterhouse called the attention of the Society to what

he believed to be the true C. tarsalis.

said to be somewhat smaller than C. sulcicollis, the elytra to be glossy olivaceous-black,

with the interstices of the strie distinctly transversely rugulose, the legs somewhat

slender, and the femora armed with a minute tooth, characters which do not apply to

the insect exhibited ; it appears, in short, to be undescribed, and Mr. Waterhouse

proposed for it the name inornatus. The leading characters are as follows :—

CEUTHORHYNCHUS INORNATUS.

C. niger, parum nitidus, subtus parce albido-squamosus ; tarsis piceo-ferrugineis ;

thorace profundius punctato, canaliculato, obsolete bituberculato ; elytris subsulcatis,

interstitiis rugulosis subgranulatis, apice indistincte muricatis ; pedibus validis, femor-

ibus fortius dentatis.

The Secretary read a paper by T. V. Wollaston, Esq., intituled “ On the Ptinide

of the Canary Islands.”

July 1,1861.

G. R. WatEruHovsE, Esq., V.P., in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to

the donors: ‘ Exotic Butterflies, Part 39; presented by W. W. Saunders, Esq.

* Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, Vol. v. No. 20, and second sup-

plement (Botany) ; by the Society. ‘ List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects

in the Collection of the British Museum, by Francis Walker, F.L.S., &c., Part xxii.

(Geometrites) ; by the Author. ‘The Zoologist,’ for July ; by the Editor. ‘ Liste des

Hyménoptéres Recueillis en Sicile par M. E. Bellier de la Chavignerie, pendant les

mois d’Aout et Septembre, 1859,’ par le Dr. Sichel ; by the Author. ‘The Journal of

the Society of Arts’ for June; by the Society. ‘ Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung,’

Vol. xxii. Nos. 4—6; by the Society. ‘The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer,

Nos. 240—247; by H. T. Stainton, Esq. ‘ Report of a Lecture delivered by J. O.

Westwood, Esq., M.A, F.L.S., Hope Professor of Zovlogy in the University of Oxford,

on the Metamorphoses of Insects, at the Royal Institution of Great Britain, on Friday,

May 24,1861; by the Author. ‘ Pocket Catalogue of British Coleoptera ;’ by the

Author, G. R. Waterhouse, Esq.

Vote of Thanks.

A cordial vote of thanks was passed to W. Wilson Saunders, Esq., for the liberal

entertainment provided by him on the occasion of the Society’s excursion to Reigate,

on the 2Ist ult.

Election of a Subscriber.

Robert Hackshaw, Esq., of Merton Road, Kensington was balloted for, and elected

a Subscriber to the Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Baly exhibited the type specimens of the new species of Hispidz in Mr. Bow-

ring’s collection, described in the first part of the ‘ Catalogue of Hispide,’ prepared by

him for the Trustees of the British Museum.

Sir John Hearsey exhibited a large box of Indian insects of various orders, being

a portion of the collection made by him during his recent service in that country.

Professor Westwood remarked that the box of insects exhibited by Sir John Hearsey

contained many fine species, especially of butterflies, peculiar to Assam and the Dar-

jeeling district of the Himalayas; likewise a specimen of Necroscia Tages, a spotted

winged species of Phasmide, hitherto unique in the Hopeian Collection, as well as

one of a new genus of Actetide of considerable size, also hitherto unique in the same

collection ; also specimens of each sex of the remarkable Lamellicorn Peperonota

Harringtonii of Westwood, and a fine new Prionideous insect with spotted elytra.

Mr. F. Smith exhibited a specimen of the singular bee parasite Braula caeca, Nitzsch.,

found in Devonshire on Apis Liguria. He stated that the species had not hitherto

been recorded as an inhabitant of Britain ; on the Continent it was found on the com-

mon honey bee, Apis mellifica, and it was rather singular that it was observed for the

first time in this country on the recently imported species A. Liguria.

Professor Westwood observed that Germar’s figure of this bee parasite was very

indifferent ; the best figure had been published in Italy, by M. Achille Costa, under the

name of Entomobia apum (Storia completa del Entomobia apum e su i danni che

arreca alle api da Miele; atti del R. istituto d’incoraggiamento, vol. vii. 1845).

Mr. Haward exhibited a series of specimens of Tillus elongatus, and suggested the

probability of the dark individuals being specifically distinct.

Mr. Janson observed that Fabricius had described the so-called variety, having the

thorax dark, under the name of ‘‘ ambulans.”

Mr. Haward remarked that he had captured thirty-seven examples of Ammecius

brevis under one clod of dried horse-dung, which circumstance he considered indicated

its affinity to Aphodius.

Mr. Stevens exhibited some examples of Ceutorhynchus Crux, C. setosus, C. his-

pidus, &c., lately taken near Mickleham.

Mr. Stevens also exhibited some fine Lepidoptera, sent from the Cape of Good

Hope, by Mr. R. Trimen.

Mr. Stevens announced that Mr. Trimen was about to publish a work on the but-

terflies of South Africa, to be intituled ‘ Rhopalocera Afric Australis, and added

that he should be happy to receive the names of any members who might wish to

become subscribers to this work, which it was intended should be completed in two

parts, at five shillings and sixpence each.

Dr. Knaggs exhibited a drawing of the larva of Acidalia strigilata, made the day

before it commenced forming its cocoon, and being the only one which he had succeeded

in rearing from the eggs obtained by him last season.

Mr. Stainton exhibited a singular larva, mining in birch leaves, which he had

received from Scarborough. The mine began at the tip of the leaf, became gradually

broader till it swelled out into a blotch in the centre of the leaf, where the larva cuts

out a round case formed of the two skins of the leaf. Mr. Stainton said he would not

express an opinion as to the order to which the insect belonged ; he had brought it

for exhibition, in the hopes of getting some information concerning it, but he might

remark that the mine more nearly resembled that of Tinea bistrigella than any other

mine he knew.

Mx. Stainton also exhibited drawings of the singular gall-like swellings of the stems

of Silene nutans, formed by the larve of Gelechia cauligenella. Mr. Stainton remarked

that there was nothing abnormal in the appearance either of the larva or perfect insect,

though its habits were so singular, There was no apparent opening into the gall, the

larve evidently effecting their entrance there whilst very young and when the plant

was beginning to grow up. When the larve were full fed they ate their way out of

the gall.

Mr. McLachlan exhibited a series of a rare Trichopterous insect, Limnophilus

incisus of Curtis = Colpotaulius excisus of Kolenati. These he took near Merstham,

on the 21st ult.

Mr. McLachlan also exhibited a long series of Acentropus niveus, among which

were two female examples, taken recently at the Hampstead Ponds, a new locality for

this species ; also bred specimens (with the cases) of Coleophora olivaceella, and the

sane of C. solitariella for comparison ; and a bred specimen of Nepticula ulmivora,

the larve of which, mining in elm leaves, he recently discovered for the first time in

England, near West Wickham.

Captain Cox exhibited some excellent drawings of the larvee of Lepidoptera, and

remarked on the rarity of Lepidoptera during the present season, which was probably

to be attributed to the cold and wet of the last summer.

Mr. Waterhouse observed that he never remembered to have seen so few Coleoptera

as in the present summer; and Mr. Smith stated that Hymenoptera had hitherto been

extremely scarce ; other members present remarked that their experience confirmed

these statements.

Professor Westwood observed that although mangold wurzel was usually considered

almost free from insect attacks, yet the crops this season in many distant counties

(Devon, York, Hereford, Oxon, &c.) were attacked by the larve of a Dipterous insect

(fam. Muscide, and probably allied to Tephritis), which mine into the leaves, forming

large blotches, which soon shrivel up. It was evident, therefore, that the previous

season had exerted no influence in checking the production of this obnoxious species,

and in like manner the Aphis of the cherry and plum, and the black Aphis of the bean,

as well as the gooseberry sawfly, had been most extensively abundant and injurious

this season.

Mr. McLachlan read the following :—

Remarks on the Supposed Influence of the Food of the Larve in causing

Variation in Lepidoptera.

“The Natural History of Coleophora olivaceella appears to have some bearing on

the question so often asked at our meetings, ‘Are not many of the so-called species of

Micro-Lepidoptera merely modifications of one or more previously described species

produced by the larve having fed on different plants?’ It appears to me that, as has

often been said before, this question would never have arisen but for the almost micro-

scopic dimensions of the creatures ; and at the same time I would premise that I am

decidedly opposed to the creation of species on imaginary differences, and that it is

possible that some few, now considered distinct, may, when their habits become more

known, sink to the rank of varieties ; but that food has any more than the very slightest

influence in causing such variation is, I think, very doubtful. Coleophora olivaceella

is an insect which, in the perfect state, is very similar to C. solitariella, and, moreover,

the two larve feed for at least the greater portion of their existence as such simultane-

ously on the same plant (Stellaria Holostea); but the cases of the larve and their

mode of feeding are so very different that all who believe in species at all must con-

sider them distinct. These differences are not worth pvinting out here; they have

already been elaborately detailed by My. Stainton in the * Entomologists Annual’.

and ‘ Intelligencer? and by M. Fologne in the ‘ Transactions de la Société Entomo-

logique Belge” Take again Nepticula ulmivora, which is extremely similar to

N. marginecolella, and both larve mine at the same time in elm leaves, sometimes

sharing the same leaf, yet the larve differ in colour, and mine in a distinct method,

and each larva invariably produces an imago having small though constant distinctive

characters, so that no one can believe them identical.

“Similar instances might be multiplied among the Micro-Lepidoptera almost ad

infinitum. Yet it is constantly hinted that two insects, which—in addition to having

equal peculiarities with those before meutioned—feed in a different plant, may be only

varieties of one caused by the latter circumstance. Now, on the contrary, does it not

seem more natural to suppose that, if there were doubt about the matter, this should

rather turn the scales, and cause us at once to consider them distinct? In many

genera in which the individual species vary the least the larva of each species affects

many different plants, the specimens bred differing only slightly in size and depth of

colour. And, again, as far as my small experience goes, the species of other genera

have each their own fvod-plant, or perhaps frequent one or two closely allied species.

That differences so great as even to be called varieties can be produced by change of

food I must believe to be impossible. All who have paid any attention to breeding

Lepidoptera will readily say how impossible it is to produce varieties at will, and how

an occasional specimen will make its appearance with such peculiarities of form and

markings that, had it been taken at large, with no knowledge of its previous history, it

would have stood a fair chance of remaining undetermined or described as new, but

which has been bred from the same brood of eggs kept under precisely the same cir-

cumstances. And certain species of Peronea are familiar instances of the imago varying

to such an extent that scarcely two can be found precisely alike, while the larve feed

on the same plant and present no differences. On the other hand, in certain genera,

for instance Eupithecia, in many species the larve, though reared from the same brood

of eggs and fed together on the same plant, will vary as much as the imago of Peronea,

yet the perfect insects produced from these are identical in appearance. From these

and a thousand other instances that might be cited, it does appear to me that variation

caused by the food of the larva does not exist, except as to size and tone of coloration, ~

and that any differences in the the number, position and direction of fascie or spots,

in which consist the distinctive characters of most of the Micro-Lepidoptera in question,

can be caused by this means is, as said befure, open tu the gravest doubts. That such

variation can be caused in one or two generations seems to be quite impossible ; and,

supposing that any influence can be exercised in this way, it could only be in the

course of ages, which theory, however ingenious, and perhaps truthful, it may be, is

unfortunately from its very nature incapable of proof.”

Professor Westwood observed, with reference to the views advanced by Mr.

McLachlan, in the paper just read, that he had endeavoured to guard himself from

misapprehension in speaking of the modification of species produced by change of food.

He had indeed given it as his opinion that such a change was capable of occurrence

in certain species, although he was in no position to attest it asa fact. In stating that

it was difficult to meet this argument, owing to the minuteness of the Micro-Lepidop-

tera, Mr. McLachlan had overlooked the fact of the great variation occurring in the

largest species of Papilio, as well as Mr. Bates’ statement of the variation of the Ama-

zonian butterflies, produced, as had been supposed, by a comparatively small geogra-

phical range, but which Mr. Westwood was inclined to attribute to other causes, seeing

that in Africa the same species ranges unchanged over a great part of the continent. He

considered that careful experiments as to the powers of modification of species resulting

from variations of food would produce important results. He had looked in vain

for any structural variation in many of the larve of the same genera published by

Mr. Stainton, a difference in colour and a variation in the form of the mine or case

(all of which might be induced by the variation of the leaves on which the insects

fed) being in many cases the only appreciable differences.

Mr. Desvignes communicated a paper intituled “ Descriptions of New Species of

Bassus.”

Part IX. of the current volume of the Society’s ‘ Transactions’ was announced as

published.

August &, 1861.

J. W. Doveras, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to

the donors :—‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society,’ vol. xi. No. 44; presented by the

Society. ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society,’ 1861, pait 1; by the Society.

‘Sitzungberichte der Konig]. bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Miinnchen,’

1861,1; by the Academy. ‘The Natural History of the Tineina, vol. vi.; ‘The

Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer,’ Nos. 248—252 inclusive; by H. T. Stainton,

Esq. ‘ The Zoologist’ for August; by the Editor. ‘Anatomisch-Physiologische Un-

terserchungen uber den Athmungsprozess der Insekten, von H. Rathke; by the Author.

‘ Die Metamorphose des Caryoborus (Bruchus) gonagra, Fabr., von H. L. Elditt; by

the Author. ‘Schieften der Koniglichen Physikolisch-dkonomischen Gesellschaft zer

Konigsberg, Erster Jahrgang, Abth. 1 and 2; by the Society. ‘The Atheneum’ for

July; by the Editor.

Election of a Subscriber.

John G. Grenfell, Esq., of the British Museum, was elected a Subscriber to the

Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Bowring exhibited a box of Coleoptera from Penang, including many interest-

ing species of Longicorns, some remarkable Cetonidez and Cassididz, a new species

of Paussus, &c.

Mr. Stevens exhibited a splendid series of Buprestide, from the neighbourhood of

Adelaide, containing upwards of fifty species.

Mr. M‘I.achlan exhibited drawings of the larve of Eupithecia pusillata, E. dodo-

neata, Charadrina blanda and C. alsines, executed by the Rev. H. Harpur Crewe.

Mr. Stainton exhibited two examples of a Noctua, taken in the fens of Norfolk, at

the end of June, by Messrs. Winter and Crotch, and which is believed to be the Non-

agria Elymi of Treitschke. a species hitherto only found on the shores of the Baltic.

Mr. Fereday exhibited a singular Polyommatus, which he believed to be a hybrid

produced from P. Alexis and P. Aigon; also two fine varieties of Teniocampa munda,

found on sallow blossoms near Croydon.

Mr. Smith sent for exhibition, preserved in spirits, the example of Aspidomorpha

Ste Crucis which he had exhibited alive at the June Meeting of the Society, and com-

municated the following particulars respecting it. ‘‘ This insect was fifty-six days on

the voyage to this country, and lived for sixty days after its arrival, making in all one

hundred and sixteen days, with no other nourishment than a little moisture. During

the last week or ten days of its life the bright golden lustre became dull copper, or

rather dull tarnished gold, but when I found it dead it had regained all its golden

brilliancy, which it retains in the spirits.”

Mr. Bond exhibited the sexes of a new species of Gelechia, allied to G. pictella,

taken by Mr. Barrett on the sand hills, near Dublin, and for which Mr. Stainton had

proposed the specific title of * Tarquiniella.”

The President exhibited a specimen of a Spilonota allied to S. dealbana, but dis-

tinct from any recorded British species. He had recently casually captured this insect

at Mickleham, and was informed that specimens of apparently the same species had

been taken last season at Deal, frequenting fir trees, and that Mr. M‘Lachlan had

also taken and bred a similar species from larches at West Wickham Wood.

The President also exhibited the following Coleoptera and Hemiptera :—Scraptia

fusca and Abdera 4-fasciata, from the Purley Oaks, near Croydon ; Myrmedobia cole-

optrata, Fallen (Anthocoris exilis, Fallen), from Mr. Wollaston’s collection, a rare

species living with auts, and the sexes of which are so dissimilar thet they have been

placed in different genera ; and Microphysa pselaphoides, taken in ants’ nests by Dr.

Power.

Professor Westwood exhibited two larve of Géstrus hominis, which he had received

(by the hands of Dr. Hagen) from Count Osten-Sacken, Russian Minister at Washing-

ton, who had obtained them from Dr. Leconte, who had himself received them from

Honduras. The larve clearly belonged to the family Cistride, but differed from the

ordinary forms in the greater elongation of the narrow anterior parts of the body and

the remarkably strong rows of reflexed spines with which the segments of the hind part

of the body are armed. Many accounts have from time to time been published of the

occurrence of larve, supposed to be those of a species of GHstrus, in the human body,

but Professor Westwood recollected no instance of a description of the larva being

published, sufficiently precise to allow of satisfactory identification. He had indeed

been led to the belief that in these recorded cases (certainly so in that of M. Procé)

larve of Muscide had been mistaken for Cstri, as it was not improbable that a blow-

fly would deposit its eggs either in a slight wound on the body of a sleeping person, or

upon the parts covered by a more delicate skin than the other parts of the body,

or if the larva was really that of an Cistrideous insect some quadrupedal bot-fly, under

pressure of a necessity for the deposition of her ova, might have accidentally been led

to lay them upon a human body. The examination of the larve sent by Count Osten-

Sacken seemed to prove that these ideas were erroneous, and that a bot-fly does exist

distinct in its larva state from any hitherto described which is found in the human

body.

(Since the exhibition of the specimens in question Mr. Bates has informed

Professor Westwood that whilst on the Amazons he was attacked by one of these

Cistrideous larve, which formed a tumour upon the calf of his Jeg, which sup-

purated, and the scar of which is still visible. He had also extracted one from the

fleshy part of the back of a negro girl who helped in his house. He was induced to

believe that the species was only an accidental intruder in such a position, and that it

was truly parasitic upon the howling monkeys, as he had killed one of those animals

and found its body infested with a number of apparently the same kind of larve.-

What a curious illustration does this statement afford, if correct, of the relationship

of man and the monkey !)

Dr. Knaggs exhibitéd a box of Australjan Coleoptera, collected in the neighbour-

hood of Sidney by Dr. Pittar.

Dr. Knaggs also exhibited a series of Nonagria (?) Bondii, of which several spe-

cimens were females; and a Dea: of Acidalia strigilata, for the first time in this

country, bred by himself from the egg; also both sexes of Acentropus niveus, and

made the following statements in srrnce of the opinion that this species belongs to

the order Lepidoptera: — “ First, that it appeared from the beginning until the third

week in June; that it then disappeared, or nearly so, for-about a month, when it

again made its appearance ; which was precisely his experience of Paraponyx stratio-

talis, &c. Secondly, that the eggs of Acentropus were laid on the setting-boards as,

and had a most striking resemblance to, those of P. stratiotalis (eggs of both species

were exhibited). Thirdly, that although its usual habit, when flying, was to keep

close to the surface of the water, as Psyche doves to land, yet, like Psyche also, he

had occasionally seen it mount perpendicularly into the air, rising higher and higher

until lost to sight. Fourthly, that when ‘ boxed’ it rubbed its thorax in true Lepi-

dopterous fashion.”

Mr. M‘Lachlan and other members present remarked that fe observations of

Dr. Koaggs, relative to the flight of this species and its liability to injure itself when

confined in a pill-box, would apply equally well to many of the Phryganide.

Mr. Shepherd read a letter from Mr. G. King, announcing the capture of speci-

mens of Leucania putrescens at Torquay.

The Secretary read a communication from Lord Dunsany, dated from Navan,

Treland, August 2nd, 1861, accompanying specimens of the larva of Biston hirtarius,

and stating that these caterpillars were first noticed in that neighbourhood in 1858,

but in small numbers ; in 1859 (a remarkably dry season) they were very numerous ;

in 1860 none were seen; but this year, the spring having been dry, they have

appeared in immense numbers, and at the present time plantations of large ash trees

are stripped of their leaves by them as completely as they would be in mid-winter.

September 2, 1861.

J. W. Dovetas, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to

the donors :—‘ The Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England,’ vol. xxii.

part 1; presented by the Society. ‘Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 1861, Nos.

7—9; by the Society. ‘The ‘ Zoologist’ for September; by ghe Editor. ‘ Beschrij-

vingen en Afberldingen van Nederlandsche Olinders, bijeengebragt door Mr. 8. C.

Snellen Van Vollenhoven, Conservator aan’s Rijks-Museum voor Natumlijke Historie

te Leyden;’ by the Author. ‘ The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for August ; by the

Society. ‘The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer, Nos. 253—256 ; by the Editor,

H. T. Stainton, Esq.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Scott exhibited the following Hemiptera, hitherto unknown as British species,

viz. :—

Acetropis carinata, H.-Sch.= Lopus carinata. Found by Mr. Marshall in the New

Forest.

A. seticulosa, Fieb. Also taken by Mr. Marshall in the New Forest.

Piezostethus bicolor, Scholtz. (Xylocoris, H.-Sch.) Taken by himself beneath bark,

at Abergavenny, in September last.

Anthocoris austriacus, Hahn. Beaten from oak trees at Wickham this month. It

appears to be a very common species.

The President exhibited a specimen of a large Noctua, Orodesma apicina, Guen.

MSS., found alive in the London Docks, on board a vessel recently arrived from

Porto Rico. It was, he remarked, the same species as was exhibited at a former

meeting of the Society by Dr. Allchin, and recorded in ‘ The Entomologist’s Weekly

Intelligencer’ by Messrs. Edmonds and Hodgkinson. The only known specimens have

been captured in England.

Mr. M‘Lachlan exhibited two new British species of Phryganide, viz., Agrypnia

picta, Kolen., of which a specimen was taken on Skiddaw in 1859 by Mr. T. Chapman,

and Leptocerus fulvus, Rambur, of which many specimens were taken during the

month of August at Ruislip, Middlesex, by Mr. P. C. Wormald.

Mr. Stevens exhibited fine examples of Dicranorrhina Layardi from South Africa,

and a new species of Paussus from Rangoon.

Mr. Stevens also brought for distribution amongst the members some specimens of

Triplax russica, lately bred from Fungi.

Mr. Stainton exhibited a fine pair of Nonagria Elymi, sent from Stettin. He

observed that the species had during the present season been discovered in Britain, and

he had exhibited two wasted indigenous examples at the previous meeting of the

Society.

Mr. Stainton also exhibited a male example of Lasiocampa Quercus, received from

the Rev. F. O. Morris, having the antenne much shorter than usual; they had not

however been subjected to microscopical examination.

Mr. Bond exhibited examples of Lithosia caniola and Dianthecia_eapsophila,

daptured near Dublin by Mr. Barrett. The first-mentioned species was noticed as a

native of Britain for the first time by Mr. Henry Doubleday (Zool. 7407).

Dr. Knaggs exhibited a Noctua, allied to Hadena protea, but evidently distinct

from any known British species, taken by Mr. Barrett near Dublin. He had been

unable to identify it with any species contained in the general collection at the British

Museum.

Mr. Brettingham exhibited a large box of Coleoptera from Assam.

Professor Westwood exhibited two examples of a large North-American species of

Sphex, from the Oxford Mifseum, the bodies and limbs of which he had lately noticed

to be covered with pollen masses. Instances of the adhesion of the anthers of flowers

to the heads of insects had been brought before the Society on former occasions, but he

had hitherto never seen any instance of the whole insect being covered with them.

M. F. Walker communicated some notes on the habits of Lipara lucens, Chlorops

tarsata, Limnophora mediteroides, and their parasites, with descriptions of the

insects.

October 7, 1861.

Joun Lusgock, Esq., Vice-President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to the

donors: — Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, Vol. iv. Part 7; ‘The

Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London, 1861,’

Part ii.; presented by the Society. ‘Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical

Society of Liverpool, during the Fifteenth Session, 1860-61,’ No. xv.; by the Society.

‘Proceedings of the Royal Society? No. 45; by the Society. ‘The Zoologist” for

October; by the Editor. ‘Descripgao de dois Insectos Coleopteros nas Costas

orientaes do Oceano Indico, pelo Barao do Castello de Paiva, Professor de Botanico

na Academia Polytechnica do Porto;’ by the Author. ‘ Smithsonian Contributions

to Knowledge, Vol. xii.; by the Smithsonian Institution. ‘The Journal of the Society

of Arts’ for September; by the Society. ‘The Atheneum’ for August; by the

Editor. ‘Sitzungsbreichte der Konig]. bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu

Minchen;’ by the Academy. ‘The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer,’ Nos. 257

—260; by H. T. Stainton, Esq.

Election of a Member.

James Rome, Esq., M.A., &c., Woodlands, Hamilton, Lanarkshire, was elected a

Member of the Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Pascoe exhibited a number of Coleoptera, selected from a large collection

(about 1300 species) which he had made, during the preceding winter, in the South of

France (Dep. du Var). One of these, the true Carabus vagans, is not found in the

mountains, as M. Léon Fairmaire has stated in his ‘ Faune Frangaise, but in the low-

lying ground near the sea, especially delighting to hide under the large leaves of the

artichoke, in which situation it is often found in considerable quantities. An Anoph-

thalmus (A. Raymondi, one of the numerous discoveries of that most indefatigable

naturalist, M. Raymond), is found very sparingly in a small limestone cavern near

Hyéres: it is well worthy of note that the same species hus been taken in the cellar of

an old monastery at Marseilles: like all the blind beetles it runs very rapidly, and can

only be taken with difficulty. Another recent discovery of M. Raymond's, Anillus

Gallicus, Aubé, also blind, is only found beneath very large stones deeply embedded in

the earth. Amaurops Aubei, one of the Pselaphide, and blind also, as its name im-

plies, is found, but very rarely, bencath the bark of old pine-stumps (Pinus hale-

pensis). Faronus Lafertii,a very remarkable Pselaphidean, resembling a Staphylinus,

was not unfiequently found at the roots of grass, often associated wijh Thorectus grandi-

collis, Germ., and Trotoma pubescens, Kiesw., the latter sometimes in considerable num-

bers. Two insects belonging to families which in England are mostly found on flowers,

Atelestus hemipterus, #r., and Anthicus Genei, Laf., may often be seen during the

month of May running rapidly over stones on the coast within a few inches of

the sea.

Mr. Pascoe also called especial attention to the fine, and until recently excessively

rare, lamellicorn Callicnemis Latreillei, Lap.: this insect, he stated, was only to be

found a very short time during the month of May, appearing for a few minutes on the

sands at St. Raphael, just as the dusk was deepening into night; they disappeared

immediately at the approach of a light, burying themselves in the loose sand from

which they had just emerged: they only came out when the night was perfectly calm,

and it was singular that while at Hyéres they were only seen on the wing at St. Ra-

phael they invariably confined themselves, as M. Raymond informed him (Mr. Pascoe),

to crawling on the sand. Among the specimens which Mr. Pascoe exhibited were

Antidipnis rubripes, Perris, found in the sand at the root of an Artemisia, and

A. Javeti, du Val, from which it is perfectly distinct; Ptilium filiforme, a new species

named but not yet described by Dr. Aubé, first found by M. Raymond in sand close to

the sea; Theca byrrhoides, Aubé, a new genus allied to Dorcatoma, a single specimen:

of which he (Mr. Pascoe) had taken at St. Raphael; Cheerorhinus squalidus, Z. Facrm. ;

Auletes cisticola, ZL. Fairm.; Julodis Onopordi, Fab. (from Toulon); Lema Hoff-

mannseggi, Lac., and Ceutorhynchus Raphaelensis, Chev.; the latter, originally dis-

covered by M. Raymond at St. Raphael, on young plants of the Glaucium luteum,

and by carefully turning back the leaves of the unexpanded bud Mr. Pascoe stated he

invariably found one or more individuals on every plant which he examined at Hyéeres.

Glaucium luteum, or yellow horned poppy, abounds on many of our shores, and as this

Ceutorhynchus has been recently found on the same plant at Paris, it is not unlikely

that it may be added to our Fauna; the south coast of the Isle of Wight would seem

to offer a very favourable locality.

Mr. Miller exhibited a small and beautiful moth of the family Geamennn said to

have been bred from a larva found in the vicinity of London, which fed on the exterior

of the bedeguar, or mossy gall of the rose; it had been examined by Messrs.

Doubleday and Newman, and considered by them as a species not yet known as an

inhabitant of Britain.

Mr. Shepherd believed TRS insect would prove to be an extraordinary variety of

Ephyra pendulartia.

Messrs. F. Bond and S. Stevens were of the same opinion.

Professor Westwood remarked that at the meeting of the Society on the 4th of

February last, Mr. Smith -had sent for exhibition what were considered to be small

pupa cases found attached to wasps’ nests by Mr. Stone; he was now enabled to

state that they were the eggs of the dipterous genus Volucella, well known to be

parasitin in wasps’ nests, Mr. Stone having forwarded to him the larve produced from

them, which were undoubtedly those of Volucella. Professor Westwood exhibited the

larva, which he observed was well figured by DeGeer, ‘ Histoire des Insectes,’ Vol. vi.

plate 3. Professor Westwood had also been informed by Mr. Stone that he had found

Anthomyia incana to be parasitic in wasps’ nests; and the same accurate observer had

detected the larva of Ilythia sociella in a nest of Bombus sylvestris; the cocoons of

this moth had been frequently found in the vicinity of humble bees’ nests, but he

(Professor W.) had not previously heard of the larva having been actually discovered

in the nests.

Professor Westwood also observed that he had, at the meeting of the Society on

the 2nd of August, 1858, exhibited a mutilated Strepsipterous insect, sent to the late

Mr. Spence by Herr Neitner, of Ceylon, who had found the specimen issuing from the

body of a Formica found in that island. Professor Westwood had at the same time

read a description of the insect, and published figures in the ‘ Transactions,’ forming

for its reception the genus Myrmecolax. He had lately received from Herr Neitner

an ant having one of these parasites protruding from the end of the abdomen; this he

had had the pleasure of extracting, and exhibited it to the Meeting; he ai found

the head-cap of the pupa of a second specimen, proving that there had been two of

the parasites within the ant. Professor Westwood added that he was now enabled to

state, from the examination of this perfect example of the Stylops, that the figures and

description he had published, from the damaged insect received in 1858, were on the

whole tolerably accurate. He called especial attention to the remarkably large

antenne of this insect, exceeding those of any other genus of Strepsiptera.

Dr. Wallace read a list of rare or reputed British Lepidoptera which he had lately

seen in a collection formed by a farmer in Suffolk; it included Papilio Podalirius (said

to have been captured near Seven Oaks, Kent), Parnassius Apollo (said to have been

taken in the Forest of Dean), and many other species of extremely rare or doubtful

occurrence in Britain.

Dr. Knaggs exhibited living larve of the following species of Eupithecia, received

from the Rev. Joseph Hellins, of Exeter, viz.:—-E. tripunctata, E. expallidata,

E. virgaureata, E. subfulvata and E. succenturiata. Dr. Knaggs pointed out the

differences in the larve of the two last-named insects, which are by some entomologists

considered to be varieties of one inconstant species: he stated that Mr. Hellins had

noticed the larva of E. succenturiata, which feeds on mugwort, preferring the seeds, to

be infested by an hymenopterous parasite, the larva of which, when full fed, eats its

way out of the caterpillar and constructs a cocoon on its back; he had on one occasion

noticed a larva of the moth devouring one of the cocoons on the back of its neighbour,

evidently mistaking it for a seed of the plant, which it exactly resembles in form.

Dr. Knaggs also exhibited the living Jarve of Clostera anachoreta, reared from —

the eggs deposited by a female bred during the present summer.

Mr. Waring exhibited some beautiful specimens of Noctua sobrina, N. neglecta

and Ypsolophus juniperellus, taken in Scotland by Mr. Bouchard, during the past

summer.

Mr. Waterhouse stated that he was anxious to correct three errors in his Catalogue

of British Coleoptera, which had lately come to his knowledge; they consist of three

species introduced into the list upon the authority of other entomologists, viz.:—

Homalota subterranea, Mulsant ; Haploglossa rufipennis, Araaiz, introduced on the

authority of Mr. Janson; and Ceuthorhynchus uliginosus, Walton, taken from

Mr. Walton’s list of British Curculionide.

The Homalota subterranea of Mr.Janson I find, from the inspection of a specimen

received from Mr. Janson by the British Museum, is the same as Homalota scapularis

of my Catalogue.

The Haploglossa rufipennis of Mr. Janson is = Haploglossa pulla of my Cata-

logue, and is clearly not identical with H. rufipennis of Kraatz, of which there are

specimens received from Dr. Kraatz in the Museum collection. The insect sometimes

has the elytra pitchy black and sometimes rufescent, and has been recently taken in

considerable numbers by Mr. Brewer, Mr. Rye and Mr. Lewis, always in the vicinity

of the nests of the sand martin.

Ceuthorhynchus uliginosus of Walton is represented by a specimen presented by

Mr. Walton to the British Museum, which I have carefully examined, and which

proves to be Celiodes didymus. It has a distinct rostral groove continued to the

middle coxe. A second specimen, named by Mr. Walton, is in Mr. Dale’s collection,

and has been kindly forwarded to me by its owner for examination; this is clearly a

rubbed specimen of Ceuthorhynchus litura, as Mr. F. Smith had determined before

I saw it.

Mx. Stainton read “ A few Words on the Synonymy of Laverna Langiella.”

Professor Westwood read descriptions of some new exotic Lucanide.

November 4, 1861].

J.W. Dovetas, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to

the donors:—‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society, Vol. xi.; presented by the Society.

‘The Zoologist’ for November; by the Editor. ‘ Notice of Blackwall’s Spiders of

Great Britain and Ireland;’ ‘On the recent Gevologico-Archevlogical Researches in

Denmark ;’ by John Lubbock, Esq., F.R.S.; by the Author. ‘Journal of the Pro-

ceedings of the Linnean Society, Vol. xi. No. 21; by the Society. ‘The Journal of

the Society of Arts’ for October; by the Society. ‘The Atheneum’ for September

and October; by the Editor. ‘The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer, Vol. x. ;

by H. T. Stainton, Esq. ‘Catalogue Méthodique des Lépidoptéres d'Europe pouvant

étre employé comme Etiquettes pour le Classement des Collections;’? by M. Dey-

rolle,

Election of a Member.

Signor Antonio de Lacerda, of Bahia, Brazil, was elected a Member of the

Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Kirby exhibited a large number of North American Lepidoptera, and

remarked on the close resemblance between many of the species and those found in

Europe.

Mr. M‘Lachlan exhibited a female variety of Colias Edusa, destitute of the usual

orange spots in the dark border of the wings.

Mr. Stevens exhibited a box of insects collected in Japan by Mr. Fortune, and

observed it was the first collection from that country he had had the pleasure of ex-

hibiting ; it contained fine examples of the rare and singular Damaster Fortunei,

and numerous other interesting Coleoptera, as well as two apparently new species of

Papilio.

Mr. Reading exhibited specimens of Leucania putrescens taken at Torquay by

Mr. King, and some rare Lepidoptera from South Devon, including Diasemia lite-

ralis, Heliothis peltigera, &e.

Mr. Reading also exhibited varieties of Pontia Napi, Colias Edusa (var. Helice),

and a singular variety of Arctia villica, having the anterior wings entirely dark brown,

the posterior pair being of the usual colour.

Dr. Knaggs exhibited a case of remarkable form, from Australia, believed to be

that of a species of Psyche.

Mr. Miller exhibited some living larve of a species of Incurvaria found feeding

on fallen leaves.

Mr. Adam White exhibited some insects, of various orders, collected by F. M.

Rayner, Esq., Surgeon of H.M.S. ‘ Herald, during its voyage of exploration in the

South Seas. He especially noticed some from Aneiteum, New Hebrides, such as that

interesting Longicorn, Psalidocoptus scaber. He showed other Longicorns from these

islands, and the Pyrrha Wollastoni, from Lord Howe's Island, close to the genus

Deucalion of Wollaston; Elytruri; Phasmide, such as Eurycantha australis, with its

strange thickened hind femora and somewhat mole-cricket aspect, suggested ideas of

analogy, now, since W. Sharpe Macleay had ceased to write, unfortunately little heeded

by naturalists. Mr. White considered these ideas, if developed by their illustrious

author in a republication of his works with annotations, as likely to prevent the dan-

gerous theories of Lamarck and his pupil, Charles Darwin, from ever affecting, ex-

cept in a sanatory way, “ our little systems,” which “ have their day and cease to be.”

Fle said a few words on his good friend Mr. Rayner’s admirable collections of Crus-

tacea, and expressed a hope that the Government would grant a sufficient sum to

publish the valuable ‘ Natural History of the Voyage of H.M'S. Herald,’ begun by

John M‘Gillivray, and carried on so successfully by Messrs. Rayner and Dr. Mac-

donald.

Mr. White also exhibited a beautiful Bombyx, allied to the Bombyx Certhia,

Fabr., figured by Petiver. This new species was brought from India, by General Sir

Jobn Hearsey, K.C.B., and for which he proposed the name of Brahmza Hearseyi.

It is smaller than the Brahmea Wallichii, Gray (Bombyx spectabilis, Hope), and has

three or four irregular undulating white lines in the apex of the fore wing, instead of

three longitudinal lines of angled white Vs: he pointed out the black band behind

this space being curved outwardly, instead of angled and irregular as in B. Wallichii.

Mr. White also exhibited a fine species of Phryganide, also brought from Northern

India by Sir John Hearsay, with yellowish brown upper wings richly and thickly

spotted and blotched with black; the lower wings black, with purple tinge, and a

broad yellow band before the tip, widest on the fore part. He named it Holostomis

M‘Lacblani, in compliment to a gentleman who had done, and would yet, if he lived,

do much to advance our knowledge of Trichoptera, and neuropterous insects in

general.

Mr. White also exhibited the male and female of a beautiful Lycena from New

Zealand. It was allied to L. Sallustius, Fabr. (the L. Edna of Doubleday). The

male of this lovely Lycena is suffused with purple-violet, and has a row of red spots

on both wings, and black marks and spots; the under side is qutet brown and gray.

The female is larger, and has only a line of purple behind the tip of fore wings and

parallel with its margin, and a macular line of violet on lower wings. Mr. White

proposed for it the name Lycena Boldenarum, after Helen and Frances Mary Bolden,

the former for eighteen years his devoted wife, the latter for the last three years the

wife of T. Corbet de Lacy, Esq., of Dunedin, i in New Zealand. The last three exhi-

bitions are of insects to be figured and described in the ‘ Eroveedings of the Zoological

Society.’

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited three species of Curculionide from Australia, and laid

descriptions of them before the Meeting. The first he supposed to be the Strongylo-

rhinus ochraceus of Schonherr ; and the remaining two he regarded as members of a

new genus, very closely allied to Strongylorhinus, but differing chiefly in having the

rostrum curved, in the antenne having the seventh joint of the funiculus confounded

with the club-joints, in the second joint being short, and lastly, in the total absence of

claw-joints to the tarsi. To this genus the name Atelicus was applied. The two

species received the names A. inequalis and A. ferrugineus.

A. inzequalis is described as being 53 lines in length, oblong, and of a pitchy black

colour, but densely clothed with scales, partly of an ochraceous colour, and partly

dark brown, giving a variegated appearance to the upper parts of the body. Thorax

with the sides but gently rounded, the fore part constricted, the surface uneven and

punctured ; elytra striato-punctate, the alternate interstices unequally raised, and

having four tubercles in a transverse line towards the apex. It is from Tasmania.

The second species, A. ferrugineus, is from Adelaide. Its length is 23 lines. In

size and form it nearly resembles the small European insect known as Lixus rufitarsis

of Schonherr: in colour it is of a somewhat deeper red than the Apion frumentarium :

the head, rostrum, sides and under parts of the thorax clothed with yellow scales; a

small spot at the humeral angle of the elytra, and a ring at the apex of each elytron

are also formed by yellow scales: head and thorax with scattered punctures; elytra

Striato-punctate, and with the interstices flat.

Mr. Janson exhibited specimens of the following Coleoptera, brought by him

before the Society on previous occasions under the names of Homalota subterranea

and Haploglossa rufipennis, and made the following observations respecting them :—

“ Homalota subterranea, Muls. This appears to coincide, as Mr. Waterhouse

states, with an insect in the European Collection at the British Museum furnished by

Dr. Kraatz, under the appellation of Homalota scapularis, Sahlberg. I had, however,

prior to bringing the subject under the notice of the Society, carefully compared my

specimen with the descriptions both of Sahlberg and Kraatz, and found disparities

which precluded me from referring it to that species: thus, Sahlberg (Insecta Fennica,

372, 50) described his Aleochara scapularis as being ‘ barely one line long, and as

having the ‘abdomen shining, scarcely punctulate,’ and the characters attributed by

Kraatz (Naturgesch. d. Ins. Deutschl. ii. 291, 100) are not in accordance with those

presented by my example; finally, my specimen appeared to me to coincide well with

both Mulsant’s and Kraatz’s descriptions of H. subterranea, and furthermore its

occurrence in a nest of Formica flava led me unhesitatiogly to refer it to that species:

if, however, an insect received at the British Museum from Dr. Kraatz as the Homa-

lota subterranea of Mulsant is really the species described by that author, it is not

only specifically distinct from the insect to which I had applied that name, ba

pertains to a different section of the genus.

“ Haploglossa rufipennis is not the species so designated by Kraatz, as I have

convinced myself by a comparison with examples sent by him to the British Museum,

but is perfectly distinct from an insect which I regard as the true H. pulla of Gyllenhal,

being less coarsely punctate, having the antenn conspicuously stouter, their articula-

tions otherwise proportionate, &c., &c. The following synonymy of the two species will

probably prove correct :—

**]. Haploglossa pulla, Gyll. {

Aleochara pulla, Gyll. Ins. Suec. iv. 495, 56—57 (1827). Fairm. et Laboulb.

Faune Ent. Frane. Coleopt. i. 451, 27 (1856)—but not of Kraatz or

Waterhouse.

“2. Haploglossa nidicola, Matrmaire.

Aleochara nidicola, Fairm. et Laboulb. Faune ene Frang. Coleopt. i. 451, 28

(1856).

Haploglossa rafipennis, Janson, Proc. Ent. Soc., Feb. 6, 1860, Zool. 6357

(1860)—nee Kraatz.

Haploglossa pulla, Kraatz, Naturgesch. d. Ins. Deutschl. ii. 80, 2 (1856).

Waterhouse, Cat. Brit. Col.—but not of Gyllenhal.

“The first is said by Gyllenhal to inhabit Fungi: the only indigenous specimen

which I have seen, the one now exhibited, was given me by Mr. H. 8. Gorham, who

captured it in the Isle of Wight, he thinks, in an ant’s nest beneath a stone, and who,

I believe, has other examples.

“The second, M. Fairmaire informs us (/. ¢.), he found abundantly in the nests

of the sand martin at St. Valery-s.-Somme, and I have myself met with it crawling

upon and at the base of sand banks inhabited by these birds, and have watched the

beetles ascend the almost perpendicular walls of sand and enter the burrows in which

nests were situate. Mr. May found it copiously in flowers, and I have several times

taken it in those of the ragwort (Senecio Jacobea).”

Mr. Tegetmeier called the attention of the meeting to a theory propounded by

Principal Leitch to account for the development of a fertile queen-bee from an egg

which would, under ordinary circumstances, have produced a sterile worker.

It is well known that bees deprived of their queen select several workers’ eggs or

very young larve for the purpose of rearing queens. The cells in which these eggs

are situated are lengthened out and the end turned downwards. The larva undergoes

its development in this perpendicular cell, which is capable of being entirely sur-

rounded by the worker bees. It was found by experiment that the position of the

cell was not of importance, as a fertile queen was developed with equal certainty when

the cell was placed horizontally or even inverted, as when it remained in the natural

pendent position. It was suggested that the more perfect developmeut of the fertile

larva was due to increased temperature, and that the object of the isolation of the cell

was to allow its being entirely surrounded by a cluster of bees, whose rapid and

increased respiration was productive of the warmth necessary to accomplish the growth

of a queen.

In remarking on this theory, Mr. Tegetmeier stated that the idea of the develop-

ment of a queen being dependent on the use of a food known as “royal jelly”

appeared destitute of any foundation in fact, and that the theory which attributed

the change to increased temperature produced by the clustering bees appeared sup-

ported by the fact that in rearing queens artificially several queen cells were usually

situated closely together, and also that the production of fertile workers, which

occasionally took place under these circumstances, might be regarded as dependent on

the adjacent cells being subjected 10 a somewhat increased temperature by the

clustering of the bees around the royal cells. He further stated that it had been

ascertained by the use of delicate thermometers that a higher temperature existed in

the neighbourhood of the queens than was found in any other part of the brood-

comb. *

Mr. M‘Lachlan exhibited a fine series of Phryganide pertaining to the genus

Stenophylax of Kolenati, and read descriptions of all the known British species,

amongst which were two not hitherto recorded as natives of this country.

Mr. Adam White called attention to the injury caused to ginger root brought to

this country from Cochin and Calicut by the larva of a small coleopterous insect,

believed to be Lasioderma testaceum, Steph.; and to the damage done to macaroni by

the rice weevil (Sitophylus Oryze). The depreciation of the crop of ginger root in

value is computed at £5000 or £4000 annnally; and a large consignment of

macaroni from Genoa, which cost 5d. per Ib., would, iu its now damaged state, be

gladiy disposed of by its unfortunate owner for 14d. per fb.

Mr. Desvignes communicated descriptions of two new species of Ichneumonidae,

pertaining to the genus Ephialtes.

Part 10, counpleting the fifth volume of the new series of the Society’s ‘ Transac-

tions’ was on the table.

December 2, 1861.

J. W. Dovetas, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to the

donors :—‘ Notice of some North-American Species of Pieris, by Samuel Scudder,

from the Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, September, 1861 ;

presented by the Author. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for November; by

the Society. ‘The Zoologist’ for December; by the Editor. ‘Stettiner Entomolo-

gische Zeitung, 1861, Nos. 10—12; by the Entomological Society of Stettin.

Election of Subscribers.

James Fenn, Esq., of Clyde Villa, Lee; Charles Fenn, Esq., Clyde Villa, Lee;

and Frank O. Ruspini, Esq., 85, Oakley Street, Chelsea, were balloted for and elected

Subscribers to the Society.

Exhibitions. ,

Mr. Stevens exhibited a box of splendid Lepidoptera, sent by Mr. Wallace from

Mysol, near New Guinea: the species were very similar to those previously sent home

by Mr. Wallace from New Guinea and other adjoining islands. Mr. Stevens an-

nounced that Mr. Wallace was now at Batavia, and would probably return to England

in the spring of/next year.

Mr. Barnaud exhibited an extensive series of Coleoptera from Smyrna.

Mr. Machin exhibited specimens of a Gelechia, and also of a Tinea, which he was

unable to refer to any known British species; and an example of Aithia emortualis,

W. V., taken near Loughton, in Essex: this species has been erroneously recorded as

a native of Britain by Haworth and subsequent authors; but the only authentic indi-

genous example known, with the exception of the one now exhibited, was captured by

the Rev. H. Birks, of Henley-on-Thames.

Mr, D’Uiban exhibited a large collection of South African Lepidoptera, including

several new species of the genus Acrea, &c.

Mr. Adam White exhibited drawings, by Mr. Robinson, of a species of Mantispa,

bred in some numbers from a nest of Pelybia scutellaris, Saussure (Myrapetra scutel-

laris, White), a wasp said to collect honey; this fine nest was brought from Monte

Video: of the economy of the Mantispa nothing is yet known.

Mr. White called attention to a remarkable beetle of the family Buprestide in the

collection of Mr. Jeakes: it is near Anthraxia, having the epistome projecting and

developed into two marked horns—a character quite novel in this family of Coleoptera.

Length about 2% lines. For the reception of this insect, which is from Santarem,

Mr. White proposed to found a new genus, and dedicate it to the gentleman in whose

collection it is contained.

Mr. S. Stevens exhibited a specimen of Adelops Wollastoni, Janson, found by

Mr. John Stevens, under dead leaves in a market garden at Hammersmith.

- Professor Westwood observed that Hammersmith appeared to be a far richer ento-

mological locality than the neighbourhood of Oxford; since his removal from the

former to the latter place he had captured very few insects.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited a specimen of Ischnoglossa corlicina, a species hitherto

unrecorded as British, which he had detected in the collection of the late Mr. Hey-

sham, of Carlisle.

Mr, Waterhouse also communicated some notes on the British species of the

genus Gyrophena, including two species not yet indicated as indigenous, viz.

G. levipennis, Kraatz, and G. maura, Hrich.: he stated that both these species appear

to be not uncommon in this country, and Mr. Janson observed that Ze also had

recently recognised them in his own indigenous collection.

Dr. Wallace read a letter from Captain W. T. Russell, of Monk's Sleigh, Bil-

deston, Suffolk, in which the writer stated, with reference to the specimens of Papilio

Podalirius in a collection in Suffolk, said to have been captured at Sevenoaks, as

mentioned by Dr. Wallace at the October meeting of this Society, that the said speci-

mens were certainly taken at Sevenoaks by him (Captain Russell), but in the imme-

diate vicinity of the residence of a lady who had a day or two previously set at liberty

a, number of specimens of this butterfly, which she had bred from pupe imported from

the Continent; there could of course be no doubt that those captured by him were

part of the imported brood. Captain Russell also detailed with much minuteness the

circumstances attending the capture of several specimens of Callimorpkha Hera and

one of Eulepia grammica on a precipitous bank near Wrexham, North Wales, on the

27th of July, 1859: one of the examples of C. Hera is now contained in the indi-

genous collection at the British Museum.

Mr. F. Walker communicated descriptions of Exotic Lepidoptera contained in the

collections of W. W. Saunders and A. Fry, Esqrs.

The Secretary called attention to a specimen copy of the first part of Mr. Trimen’s

new work on the Rhopalocera of Southern Africa, which was on the table, to which he

should be happy to receive the names of subscribers.

The Secretary also read some descriptions of South-African Lepidoptera by

My. R. Trimen, including species pertaining to the families Satyride, Lycenide and

Hesperide.

The President announced that the Council had, in compliance with the almost

unanimous wish of the Members of the Society, resolved to alter the hour of meeting

from eight to seven o'clock; and that in future the chair of the monthly meetings

would be taken at the latter hour.

January 6, 1862.

J. W. Dovetas, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to the

donors: —‘ Nouveaux Mémoires dela Sociétié Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou,’

Tome xiii. Liv. II.: ‘ Bulletin de la Société [mpériale des Naturalistes de Moscou,?

1860, Nos. 2,3 and 4; presented by the Society. ‘ Exotic Butterflies, Part 41; by

W. W. Saunders, Esq. ‘Sitzungsberichte der Konig] bayer. Akademie der Wissen-

schaften zu Miinchen,’ 1861, I. Heft IV.; by the Academy.: ‘The Zoologist’ for

January, 1862; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for December ;

by the Editor. ‘The Atheneum’ for November and December; by the Editor.

‘Bibliotheca Historico-Naturalis Physico-Chemica et Mathematica, Vol. ix.; by the

Editor, Ernst A. Zuchold. ‘ The Entomologist’s Annual’ for 1862; by the Editor,

H. T. Stainton, Esq.

Election of a Subscriber.

W.S. M. D’Urban, Esq., of Newport House, near Exeter, was balloted for, and

elected a Subscriber to the Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Smith exhibited a mutilated specimen of Myrmedonia Haworthi, captured by

Mr. Bouchard, near Sutton, Surrey ; and a singular nest of a bee of the genus

Anthidium, brought from the Cape of Good Hope by Mr. D’Urban ; this nest was

formed of the fibres from the stems of plants, and might be mistaken for a spider’s

nest, from its external appearance; in the interior Mr. S. found the parasite of the

bee, a species of Leucospis, believed to be L. ornata.

Mr. Smith also exhibited spines of a species of Acacia, also brought from the

Cape of Good Hope by Mr. D’Urban; the interior of these formidable spines, being

hollow, is frequently fuund occupied by the nest of a bee of the genus Hyleus. Mr.

Smith believed this genus of bees constructs no cells of any kind; the pupe is merely

enclosed ina very slight web ; and on opening these spines, the eggs, larve, and per-

fect bees were found mixed indiscriminately together.

Mr. Waterhouse stated that he had recently detected, in the collection of Dr.

Power, specimens of Gyrophena pulchella, a species not hitherto recorded as a native

of Britain.

Mr. Bond exhibited a sample of compressed peat, cut in thin slices, which had

lately been introduced in Germany as a substitute for cork for lining entomo-

logical boxes and drawers ; the total absence of holes and hard veins, which are occa-

sionally found even in the best cork, make it well adapted for the above purpose,

especially when fine pins are employed, whilst the cost is said to be less than that of

cork.

Dr. Knaggs exhibited some cases of species of Psychide, containing living

pupz, which he had lately received from Mr. James Carrighan, of Arrarat, Victoria.

Professor Westwood observed that the Australian species of Psychide had, at the

request of W. W. Saunders, Esq., been observed with great care by Mr. Stephenson,

and the specimens collected by that gentleman having been placed in his (Professor

Westwood’s) hands, he had illustrated them in a memoir published in the ‘ Pro-

ceedings of the Zoological Society :’ the largest of these species had been described by

Mr. Saunders himself in the ‘ Transactions of the Entomological Society, Vol. v.

(1847) p. 43, under the name of Oiketicus elongatus, which he, (Professor W.) had

changed to Oiketicus Saundersii, in order to keep up uniformity in the specific no-

menclature of the genus. It forms a tough leathery case, several inches long, to the

outside of which long twigs are attached longitudinally. One case, exhibited by Dr.

Knaggs, had not been described by Professor Westwood, although known to him, in

consequence of the moth not having been reared: the case of this species is a leathery

oval one, with sharp longitudinal ribs of the same material, without any extraneous

materials fastened on the outside.

Mr. Dunning exhibited an admirably-executed photograph of a dark variety of

Abraxas grossulariata, and read an extract from the ‘ Proceedings of the Northern

Entomological Society ’ of December last, which referred to the production of it; Mr,

Dunning thought that photography might be found useful in obtaining accurate deli-

neations of many Entomological objects.

Professor Westwood observed that a work had been published at Paris, several

years since, by the authorities of the Jardin des Plantes, in which photography had

been tried in different branches of Zoology, but the representations of insects had

proved failures, owing to the want of accurate definition in the extended limbs,

antenne, &c., which seemed to render the act useless to Entomology, except in flat

surfaces, such as the wings of Neuroptere, &c., of which the veins were capable of

being very clearly represented.

On the Breeding of Varieties in Lepidoptera.

Mr. Dunning also read, from the ‘Proceedings of the Northern Entomological

Society,’ a paper by Mr. C. S. Gregson, “On the Breeding of Varieties in Lepi-

doptera,” in which the author detailed the result of his experiments on various species,

with the view of showing that by supplying the larva with a food-plant differing from

the known natural food of the species, variation from the usual coloration would be

obtained in the imago.

Dr. Wallace had often noticed that on chalky soils oak-leaves were of a very pale

green tint; on Jimestone soils, as in Wales, foliage generally had a dark leaden hue.

On mosses dark tints were prevalent, as also at Killarney and Rannoch. He attri-

buted this to the chemical {difference in the soils, aided by solar and atmospheric in-

fluence. Brighton insects were notoriously pale, and inclined to fade on the setting-

board; Scottish insects remarkable for their richness of colour; Welsh insects for

their leaden hues. Since the juice of different plants possessed different chemical

elements, he attributed to this, as also to the power possessed by the larva of assimi-

lating these different elements, much of the variation in depth of colour in the

instances cited by Mr. Gregson: he therefore referred the tone of colour in an insect’s

wing to the chemical elements assimilated through the medium of the plant from the

soil.

Professor Westwood trusted that, if Mr. Gregson’s article should only be privately

circulated, the Entomological Society would obtain permission to publish it in their

‘Transactions.’ He considered Mr. Gregson’s remarks as important, with reference

to the question of modification of species dependent on the food of the larva, which

he had so often insisted upon, with reference to many so-called species of Micro-Lepi-

doptera. The question as to the proper term to be applied to variations in the colour

of flowers was at the present moment under discussion, all variation from the normal

colour being considered by some writers as monsters, and in that view Professor

Westwood fully conceded, considering that every species possessed a normal condition,

which it had retained ever since the period of its creation, and that every modification

of size, colour or markings was monstrous.

Mr. Lubbock would like to see the experiments of Mr. Gregson continued for many

successive generations of the insects; he felt convinced that important and interesting

results would be arrived at by so doing, and hoped that Mr. Gregson would persevere

in his experiments.

Bees and the Ari of Queen Making.

Mr. Smith read the following communication :—“ At the November Meeting of

this Society, Mr. Tegetmeier called the attention of the members to a theory lately

propounded by Principal Leitch, in an article published in the August number of

“Good Words,’ entitled “ Bees and the Art of Queen Making.” I beg to lay before

the Society the opinion of a correspondent, Mr. Woodbury, of Mount Radford, Exeter.

This gentleman, one of the most practical bee-keepers in this country, has published

some observations on the new theory, and has also added to them ina communication

addressed to myself, in answer to some inquiries of my own. I have extracted the fol-

lowing from Mr. Woodbury’s communication to the ‘Journal of Horticulture and

Cottage Gardener: ’—‘ After noticing the power which bees possess of increasing the

temperature of any part of their hive by an accelerated respiration, Dr. Leitch says :

‘Viewing this power in connexion with the isolation of the queen’s cell, we have a

clew to the mystery of development. We soon see why the bees should be at so much

pains to drag the royal larva out from the midst of its companions and place it in an

insulated position, where a special temperature may be applied. Were the royal

larva allowed to remain in its original position, a higher temperature could be

applied only to the end of the cell, and the end of the cell is so small that it would

be difficult to apply a differential temperature to it. To meet this difficulty, the

queen is made to slide out of her old position into a new one, where she can be com-

pletely surrounded by the hatching bees, and have,an elevated temperature applied to

all parts ; and when you look into a hive, you see the bees constantly clustering all

over the insulated cell.

““¢ The surmise that temperature furnished the clew to the secret was confirmed by

actually testing it; small thermometers were inserted into the hive, one in contact with

the queen’s cell, the others in different parts of the comb: we found that the difference

of temperature bore out our hypothesis, that a higher temperature was steadily applied

to the queen’s cell. The inference is then legitimate, that temperature, if not the

cause, is one of the causes which account for this, the greatest marvel of insect

lifes:

“As the Rev. Principal does not particularize any experiments beyond thermo-

metrical observations, we may be excused for doubting whether these are quite so

conclusive as he imagines, as well as for suggesting that it is just possible that he

may have mistaken effect for cause, since it by no means follows that because the pro-

cess of queen-raising is generally attended with an increase of temperature, the in-

sulation of a queen’s cell, or even a special temperature, is absolutely essential to its

success. In frame-hives, especially, we have often found queens hatched out of cells

which were so placed ‘as to render it impossible for the bees to cluster all over them,

whilst the general position of queens’-cells on the edges of combs, and, therefore, in

the coldest parts of the hives, is such as of itself to raise a doubt as to the correctness

of the new theory.

“ Our own impression is, that the immortal Huber was most probably correct in

assigning as the cause of this wonderful transformation the quality as well as the

quantity of food with which the royal larva is supplied. To this hypothesis Dr.

Leitch objects that it has by no means been conclusively proved, either by chemical

analysis or by any other means, that the so-called royal jelly differs in any respect

from the ordinary food supplied to the worker-larva.

“We now come to a circumstance which appears to us so conclusive, as to the

fact of the food with which it is supplied being the true cause of this marvellous

transformation of a worker-larva into a queen-bee, that we fancy, if it had come under

the notice of the Reverend Principal, it would have prevented his promulgating a’

theory which we believe to be entirely erroneous.

“Tn the German ‘ Bienenzeitung, or Bee Journal, is an article by the Rev. M.

Kleine, one of the ablest German Apiarians, in which the following statement occurs:

‘ Dzierzon recently intimated, that as Huber, by introducing some royal jelly into

cells containing worker-brood, obtained queens, it may be possible to induce bees to

construct royal cells, where the Apiarian prefers to have them, by inserting a small

portion of royal jelly in cells containing worker-larve. If left to themselves, the bees

often so crowd their royal cells together that it is difficult to remove one without fatally

injuring the others; as, when such a cell is cut into, the destruction and removal of

the larva usually follows. To prevent such losses I usually proceed as follows :—

When I have selected a comb with unsealed brood for rearing queens, I shake or brush

off the bees and trim off, if necessary, the empty cells at the margin. Then take an

unsealed royal ce!l—which usually contains an excess of royal jelly—and remove from

it a portion of the jelly, on the point of a knife or pen, and by placing it on the inner

margin of any worker-cells, feel confident that the larve in them will be reared as

queens; and, as the royal cells are separate, and on the margin of the comb, they can

be easily and safely removed. This is another and important advance in practical

bee-culture, for which we are indebted to the sagacity of Dzierzon.’

“ The foregoing fact appears to us sufficiently conclusive as to the truth of Huber’s

theory, regarding the influence of food in producing the astonishing development of a

worker-larva into a queen-bee, and, after giving the whole subject our best consi-

deration, we feel warranted in pronouncing the special-temperature theory of the Rev.

Mr. Leitch to be ‘ not proven.’

“JT am very glad to find that our ideas on the queen-rearing problem are so

similar. With regard to the cells of queens, they are formed of wax like all the

others, and although, from being more substantial, they might not collapse so readily,

their destruction would be only slightly delayed, the melting point being the same.

The only difference is in the cocoon with which they are lined, which is spun by the

royal larva, and is more substantial than that of the ordinary worker-larva. This,

cocoon, however, does not line the upper end of the cel], as that would melt and the

lower part must then drop off if an extreme temperature were applied. It has been

too much the fashion of late years to decry and discredit the theories of Huber;

some throw doubt on the influence or even the existence of royal jelly, but in this

case, as in similar ones, I believe that accurate investigation will prove Huber

to be right.”

Professor Westwood remarked that the question of the development of the queen-

bee, by increased heat, did not appear to him at all proved by Principal Leitch’s obser-

vations. The position of the cell itself, generally on the outer edge of the comb, and

never, or but very rarely, in the centre of the upper part of the hive, where the greatest

heat is concentrated, seemed to militate against this new theory ; whilst Professor

Westwood considered that (as it was satisfactorily established that the working bee was

only an abortive queen, and that a queen might be developed from an egg which in

ordinary circumstances would only produce a worker), he was justified by analogy, in

regarding the numerous yueen wasps in a vespiary as produced from the same kind of

eggs as the workers, and also that the working ant, the soldier working ant and the

female ants are also only modifications produced from the same kind of eggs. He

considered, therefore, that the development of the queen-bee must be explained on

the same principle as that which is adopted in those other social insects, and not that

a special system, namely, that of heat, is required for the queen of the hive alone.

Mr. Tegetmeier observed that, in bringing the theory of Principal Leitch under the

notice of the Society, he did not wish it to be understood that he considered the evi-

dence advanced in its favour to be conclusive, still he could not but think that the iso-

lated position of the queen-cell very much favoured the supposition that increased

heat is at least one of the causes of the perfect development of the female bee; whilst

the royal jelly theory does not offer the slightest explanation of this extraordinary

deviation in structure and position from the ordinary or worker cells.

- Mr. Stainton read, “ Descriptions of Nine New Exotic Species of Gracillaria,”

and exhibited a beautiful coloured plate with which he proposed to illustrate the paper

in the Society’s ‘Transactions :’ five of these species were collected near Calcutta by

Mr. Atkinson, and the remaining four were sent from Moreton Bay by Mr. Diggles.

Mr. M‘Lachlan read “ Characters of New Species of Exotic Trichoptera, and of

four New Species Inhabiting Britain.”

Anniversary Meeting, January 28, 1862.

J. W. Dovetas, Esq., President, in the chair.

Messrs. R. H. Mitford, F. P. Pascoe, F. Smith and Alexander Wallace were elected

Members of the Council, in the room of Messrs. Douglas, Janson, M‘Lachlan and

Stainton.

Mr. F. Smith was elected President; Mr. 8S. Stevens, Treasurer; and Messrs. E.

Shepherd and Dunning, Secretaries.

A Report from the Council on the state of the Library and Collections was read

and received.

An abstract of the Treasurer’s accounts was read by Mr. M‘Lachlan, one of the

Auditors, and showed a balance in favour of the Society of £122 6s. 4d.

The President delivered an Address on the state and prospects of the Suciety and

of Entomology in general; the Meeting passed a vote of thanks to the President for

his Address, and ordered it to be published in the ‘ Proceedings’ of the Society.

A vote of thanks to the President for the courteous and able manner in which he

had fulfilled the duties of his position during the two years that he had occupied the

Presidential Chair; to Mr. Janson, the retiring Secretary; and to the other retiring

Members of the Council, was also unanimously agreed to by the Meeting.

THE PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS.

GENTLEMEN,

As custom requires that at the Anniversary Meeting the Presi-

dent should deliver an Address on the state and prospects of this

Society, and Entomology generally, I have prepared a few observations

on these subjects, to which I have now to request your attention.

Finance.

Our balance-sheet for the year 1861 shows the receipts (including

the balance in hand for 1860) to have been £378 12s. 4d., and the

payments to have been £156 6s., leaving a balance in favour of the

Society of £122 6s. dd. But part of the receipts (£47 5s.) is derived

from three composition fees, part (£37 15s.) from donations by two of

our members towards the cost of altering and lighting the rooms, and

part (£5) to a payment by Mr. Parrell; so that if it had not been for

these extraordinary sources of income there would have been a large

deficit ; moreover, we have only been able to publish three instead of

four parts of ‘Transactions.’ On the other hand the amount of

“liabilities” is much less than usual, and the number of ‘new

members” exhibits a slight increase. But the gift of the ‘Trans-

actions’ to the metropolitan members entails a loss of from £10 to

£15 a year upon the Society, which has not been compensated by the

election of new members in proportion, as it was hoped might be the

case when the new plan of giving our ‘Transactions’ to the metro-

politan members was adopted.

Last year I had to draw your attention to the deficiency of the

“Tea Subscription,” but as the amount subscribed during the year

(£12 5s.) approximates to the cost (£18 18s), I have now no obser-

vation to offer on the subject.

Election of Members.

During the past year we have elected four Members, viz., Signor

A. De Lacerda, James Rome, Esq., A. Murray, Esq., G. S. Saunders,

Esq., and ten Subscribers, viz.,W. S. M. D’Urban, Esq., C. Fenn,

Esq., J. Fenn, Esq., J. G. Grenfill, Esq., R. Hackshaw, Esq., A.

Haward, Esq., J. Holdsworth, Esq., J. A. Laing, Esq., F.O. Rus-

pini, Esq., and A. Solomon, Esq. We have lost by resignation two

Members, A. Boot, Esq. and O. P. Cambridge, Eisq., and three Sub-

scribers, A. E. Crafter, Esq., R. W. Meade, Esq., and G. M. Salt,

Esq., and one Subscriber by death, J. C. Young, Esq.

Obituary.

Mr. J. C. Young, the Subscriber above referred to, was only elected

in 1860. He was, I believe, a young Coleopterist, but his name is not

found in the List of Entomologists published in the ‘ Annual’ in 1859 ;

as far as 1 am aware he had not published anything, and was per-

sonally unknown to me, and I am unable to say more respecting him

than that he died during the last year.

One entomologist, not a Member of this Society, M. Bruand

d’Uzelle, of Besangon, in France, died on the 3rd of August, 1861.

His chief work was the ‘ Monographie des Psychides ;’ Besancon,

1853. His friend, M. Milliére, has been requested to furnish the

Entomological Society of France with a memoir of his life and

works.

Library and Collections.

During the past year the Library has been enriched by donations of

valuable books, which have been duly announced at the Monthly

Meetings ; and now that the publication of the Catalogue of the

Library informs us exactly of what works we possess, I trust that some

of the standard works still wanting may be supplied by the donation—

by such of the members as possess duplicate copies—of any of them.

And as there are some works, chiefly modern, which probably can

only be obtained by purchase of the booksellers, and we have a fund

specially set apart for this purpose, the Council will be happy

to learn from time to time what are the works the Members consider

it desirable the Society should procure.

The Council have had under their careful consideration the un-

satisfactory state of the Collections, but the very recent date when this

matter was brought under their notice has rendered it necessary to

postpone, for the decision of the new Council, the action requisite to

put the Collections into a proper condition.

The Society's Apartments.

At the last Anniversary Meeting I announced that the Council had

determined to remove the Society’s place of meeting to other and

larger rooms, but the negotiations to this effect failed, and all that

could be done was to enlarge and improve the old meeting-room. At

a considerable expense we have acquired more space, better ventila-

~ tion and gas-light, and it now remains for entomologists to show their

appreciation of the endeavours made on their behalf by supporting

the Society which has made them.

The Entomological Season of 1861.

On all hands it is stated that during the last year, although some

new or rare insects have been captured, there has been a scarcity of

insects of all Orders in Britain ; and thisis generally attributed to the

cold and wet season of 1860. It seems quite certain that such was

the cause in an instance mentioned in the ‘ Annual,’ p. 75, by

Mr. Smith. He says, “I visited a locality at Southend where a very

extensive colony of Anthophora has existed for many years, and also

one of Kucera longicornis: both these bees, in ordinary seasons, are

found at that spot in great numbers, but on my last visit scarcely a

single bee was to be seen on one of the finest days of early summer.

Being disappointed in my search, | proceeded to dig into the bank in

which the colony was situated; an explanation of the cause of the

scarcity of the bees soon presented itself; hundreds of dead bees

filled the burrows, whilst numberless cells were half filled with the

mouldy remains of honey and pollen stored up for the larvae, which

had doubtless perished during the former ungenial season. A similar

fate has, I fear, befallen three-fourths:cf the solitary bees; and it will,

I fear, be some years before we shall again see these attendants upon

spring and early sammer, in their usual numbers, flying from flower to

flower, and adding life and beauty to the sunny days of spring.” We

have no similar observations respecting other Orders; indeed, in most

cases, from the different economy of the insects, it was not possible to

remark the direct influence of the weather upon them; yet it is fair, I

think, to conclude that the general scarcity of insects in 1861 was

due in a great degree to the cold and wet of 1860. And, this being

granted, it is not difficult to see how an exceptional season may not

only render some species of insects rare for a time, but may altogether

extinguish them in a locality or country, and that thus species may

become extinct by a cause which overwhelms all the individuals in

one common ruin, and leaves no one of them with a variation of con-

stitution or modification of structure wherewith to begin a new species

on the principle of “ selection” with which we are so familiar.

British Museum Collections.

Dr. Gray has had the kindness to send me the following note of the

increase of the Museum Collection :—

“The Museum has added 11,000 specimens of insects during the

last year.”

The mention of the British Museum naturally recalls to mind the

recent resolution of the Trustees to remove the Natural-History Col-

lections to some other locality. If the removal be made to some cen-

tral place, then naturalists may rejoice in the hope of seeing the vast

acquisitions continually made by the Museum, and now useless for

want of space, rendered available for use by scientific men. But if,

notwithstanding the protest against the separation from the other col-

lections of the Museum, signed by nearly every naturalist of note,

which was sent to the Trustees, they consent to the removal of the

Natural-History Collections to a distant part of the metropolis, it is

quite certain they will have done more than by any other means could

be accomplished to retard the progress of the science of Natural His-

tory in England. At present it is difficult enough for entomologists

occasionally to steal an hour or two from their other avocations

to study the collections in the Museum, but if the insects be removed

to one extremity of the town, they will become, by their inacces-

sibility, useless to the very class of persons that most of all could pro-

fit by them.

The Oxford University Museum.

The foundation, by the Rev. F. W. Hope, of the Chair of Zoology

at Oxford, with especial reference to the Articulata, and the appoint-

ment of Mr. Westwood as Professor, are events on which ento-

mologists generally may be congratulated, as they can scarcely fail to

have a most beneficial effect on scientific Entomology. But in order

to realize the full benefits of which such an institution is capable, I

trust that the Professor will have so much assistance allowed him, in

attending to the Museum, as to leave him free to devote the necessary

time to lectures and the other higher duties of his office.

Professor Westwood has had the goodness to send me the following

particulars respecting the Museum :—

“ During the past summer the Hope Collections of Articulata have

been removed from the Taylor Institute to the head University

Museum, where a noble room has been fitted for their reception.

Fresh cabinets, made by Standish, have been received, it being

intended by degrees to place the collection in uniform cases. Besides

the cabinets five large glazed table-cases have been fitted-up for the

display of some of the larger and more showy species, illustrations of

transformations and economy, fossil insects, &c., and two large glazed

eases for objects in spirits and the larger illustrations of economy.

Some considerable additions have been made, especially from the pri-

vate collection of Mr. Bates, by which a great number of very rare and

unique Hymenoptera, Neuroptera, Homoptera, &c. have been ac-

quired. Other selections, from the different collections forwarded by

Wallace and others, have been obtained through Mr. Stevens, and

numerous donations to the collection have been received from Mr. 8S.

Stone, Mr. F. Bond, Miss Ormerod, the Marquis of Salisbury, Rev.

Pickard-Cambridge, &c. Moreover, the fine Collection of Crustacea

formed by Professor Bell has been presented to the University, as

well as the Collection of Crustacea formed by Mr. Charles Darwin,

Sir J. Belcher, and Mr. Stokes.”

Entomological Meetings.

As usual, our worthy friend Mr. Saunders invited all the Mem-

bers of this Society to meet him at Reigate, and on the 21st of June

between sixty and seventy persons availed themselves of his guidance

on an excursion, and in the evening experienced the hospitality he

knows so well how to dispense. This was not the first time Mr.

Saunders has invited us; and | believe that such gatherings, though

they may not be of much scientific value, are of great service in

bringing entomologists together, and giving them opportunities of

knowing and appreciating each other that our more formal and

restricted meetings do not afford. It is in the conviction of this, and

that thereby the interests of Entomology are advanced among us,

that Mr. Saunders finds his reward, and I hope we duly appreciate

the spontaneous kindness and endeavour to do good which are

so characteristic of the man.

Besides our ordinary meetings here, which I am happy to say are

well attended, showing their interest does not decrease, London

entomologists have also other advantages. The Entomological Club

continues to hold its meetings at the houses of the Members in rota-

tion: to them no entomologists need want an invitation, and I am

sure no one regards his attendance thereat with any but pleasurable

recollections. | During the winter months the excellent collection of

the Club is open every Thursday evening at the house of the

Curator, Mr. Newman, and every entomologist is there welcomed.

On the first Wednesday in every month Mr, Stainton is “at home”

to any entomologist, when his rich library and collection are at the

service of visitors.

British Entomological Works recently published.

The Trustees of the British Museum have published the following

during 186] :—

‘A Catalogue of Lycenide,’ by W. C. Hewitson, with plates.

‘Catalogue of Lepidoptera-Heterocera,” by Francis Walker, F.L.S.

‘Catalogue of British Coleoptera, by G. R. Waterhouse, F.Z.S.,

&c., 1861.

‘The Pocket Catalogue of British Coleoptera,’ by the same author.

The former of these works realizes the hopes of our English col-

lectors in supplying a want that has long been felt of a list of our

native beetles, the nomenclature of which should be in accordance

with that in use on the Continent, at the same time including that

hitherto used in this country. Only an intense love of and long-con-

tinued application to his work could have carried the author through

his labours; pecuniary recompense is out of the question, but I

hope there is sufficient appreciation of the boon bestowed upon

Coleopterists not to suffer the author to be an absolute loser by the

publication of this Catalogue. The ‘ Pocket Catalogue’ is intended

for a register of species in collections and for interchange among

collectors.

‘The Natural History of the Tineina, Vol. vi., containing Depres-

saria, Part I., with eight coloured plates of twenty-four species and

their transformations, by H. T. Stainton, assisted by Professor Zeller

and J. W. Douglas, 1861.

‘The Entomologist’s Annual’ for 1862, with a coloured plate :—

Fossil Entomology.—“ A Comparison of the Fossil Insects of

England and Bavaria,” by Dr. Hagen. |

Coleoptera.—* Index to the New British Coleoptera enumerated in

the ‘ Entomologist’s Annual, 1856—1861,” by W. F. Kirby.

Trichoptera.—“ Notes on British Trichoptera, with Descriptions of

New Species, &c.,” by R. McLachlan.

Lepidoptera.—“ Notes on Eupithecia-Larve,” by the Rev. Henry

Harpur Crewe, M.A. “ A Chapter on Zygzna Minos,” by the Editor.

“ New British Species in 1861,” by the Editor. “ Rare British Spe-

cies captured in 1861.” “Observations on British and Continental

Tineina.” ‘“ Answers to Enigmas.” ‘‘ Enigmas still unanswered.”

“* New Enigmas for solution.” ‘ Natural History of the Tineina.”

Hymenoptera.—* Notes on Hymenoptera observed during the past

Season: some Observations on Hymenopterous Parasites, and a

Monograph of the Family Chrysidide,” by F. Smith.

Hemiptera.—“ On Hemiptera, commonly called Bugs,” by J. Scott.

““New works on Entomology.” _

The usual enumeration of new British species of Coleoptera noticed

during the year is wanting, “ for reasons to which it is unnecessary

to refer.” However satisfactory this may be to the editor, his readers

will doubtless think that some one might have been found to furnish

the requisite information, and I ore the’ gap will be filled up‘in the

next volume.

The ‘Transactions of the Entomological Society of London,’

Vol. v., Parts 8—10, with five plates, completing the volume :—

“Characters of Undescribed Diptera in the Collection of W. W.

Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., &c.,” by Francis Walker, Esq., F.L.S., &c.

(concluded).

“ Contributions to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley,” by H.

W. Bates, Esq. (concluded).

“On the Atlantic Cossonides,” by T. Vernon Wollaston, Esq. M.A.,

F.L.S., &c.

oh Decenecone of Five New Species of Coleophora,” by John

Scott, Esq.

“On Elaphomyia, a Genus of remarkable Insects of the Order

Diptera,” by W. W. Saunders, Esq., F R.S., &c.

““Notice of the occurrence of a Strepsipterous Insect parasitic in

Ants, discovered in Ceylon by Herr Nietner,” by J. O. Westwood,

Esq., M.A., F.L.S., &e.

“ Catalogue of the Library of the Entomological Society.”

Our Proceedings for 1861 record the exhibition at our Meetings,

during the year, of the following new or rare British insects :—

Coleoptera. Clambus minutus, Sturm.

Abdera 4-fasciata, Curt. » pubescens, Redtenbacher.

Anobium denticolle, Panz. Euryporus picipes, Payk.

Bryaxis Helferi, Schmidt. Gyrophena levipennis, Kraatz.

» Ppulchella, Schaum. ” maura, Erich.

» Lefebvrii, Aube. Micropeplus Staphylinoides, Marsh.

Ceutorhyncus inornatus, Waterhouse. 9 Margarite, Duval.

Clambus armadillus, De Geer. Myrmedonia Haworthi, Steph.

Philonthus punctiventris, Kraatz.

Saperda oculata, Lin.

Scraptia fusca, Lar.

Lepidoptera.

Cidaria reticulata, Fab.

Coleophora Wilkinsoni, Scott.

Scymnus discoideus, Illig.

>» Mulsanti, Waterhouse.

» limbatus (Kirby), Stephens.

Dianthecia capsophila, Ander.

Eupithecia tripunctata, H.-Schaffer.

a trisignata, H.-Schaffer.

Gelechia Tarquiniella, Staint.

Gonepteryx Rhamni, var Cleopatra.

Lithosia caniola, Hub.

Hemiptera.

Acetropis carinatus, A.-Schaffer.

: a SaaeuneTe, ee Nonagria Bondii, Knaggs.

Anthocoris Austriacus, Hahn. as LSI, TGUSHEN

Microphysa Pselaphoides, Burm. Xylina conformis, Treitschke.

Micropus sabuleti, Fallen.

Myrmedobia coleoptrata, Fall.

Piezostethus bicolor, Scholtz.

Trichoptera.

Agrypnia picta, Kolenati.

Goniotaulius concentricus, Kolenati.

Leptocerus fulvus, Ramobur.

Limnophilus ineisus, Curtis.

Setodes interruptus, Fabricius.

Hymenoptera.

Braula coeca.

The ‘Transactions. of ‘the Linnean Society of London,’ Vol. 23,

Part 1, 1861 :-—

‘“‘On the Distribution of the Trachez in Insects,” by John Lubbock,

Esq., F.R.S., L.S., &c. |

“‘Observations*on .the Neuration of the Hind-wings of Hymen-

opterous Insects, and on the Hooks which join the Fore and Hind

Wings together in flight,” by Miss Stavely.

“ On Certain Sensory Organs:in Insects, hitherto undescribed,” by

J.Braxton Hicks, M.D. Lond., F.L.S.

‘Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London,’

Vol. 5, 1861 :—

“ Account of ,the Habits of a Species of Australian Ant,” by Mrs.

Lewis Hutton.

“ Descriptions of New Species of Hymenopterous Insects collected

by Mr. A. R. Wallace at Celebes, Batchian, Kaisaa, Amboyna,

Gilolo, and Dory, in New Guinea,” by F. Smith, Esq.

“ Catalogue of the Dipterous Insects collected in Amboyna, Dory,

Manado, Tond, Batchian, Kaisaa, Makian, and lidon, by Mr. A. R.

Wallace; with Descriptions of the New Species,” by F. Walker,

Esq.

‘The Zoologist’ for 1861 contains many interesting entomological

communications, of which the following are the most important :—

Coleoptera.

“ Descriptions of three New British Coleoptera, viz., Philonthus

prolixus, Hrichs., Oligota apicata,. EHrichs., Bledius crassicollis,

Hrichs,” by Dr. Power.

“ Beetling at the Cape and in Java,” by Arthur Adams, Esq., F.LS.

“Occurrence of Ammeecius brevis at Southport,” by A. Haward,

Esq.

** Haunts of rebate testaceus in Scotland,” by R. Hislop, Esq.

“Capture of Stenolophus derelictus,” by A. & H. Solomon, Esqs.

“ Descriptions of Ptilium insigne, Matth., Ptilium inquilinum

(Markel), Hrichs., and Ptinella gracilis, Gillm.,” by the Rev. A.

Matthews.

“Capture of Spherius acaroides, &c., in the Fens,” by G. R.

Crotch, Esq.

Diptera.

“Economy of Cecidomyia Taxi, Inchbald,” by P. Inchbald, Esq.

Hymenoptera.

“A Contribution to the Natural History of Ants, not read at the

Linnean Society: A few Observations on Cynips Lignicola and

C. radicis—confirming the observations of Leon Dufour and Hartig,

that in the genus Cynips there are only females,” by F. Smith, Esq.

“ Description of Cynips Rose-spinosissime, Jnchbald,” by Peter

Inchbald, Esq.

“ Means employed in the Capture of a Nest of Hornets ;” ‘“ Close

of the Labours of a Colony of Hornets,” by S. Stone Esq.

“ Life-Histories of Sawflies, from the Dutch of Vollenhoven,” by

J. W. May, Esq.

Lepidoptera.

“ Descriptions of the Larve of various Lepidoptera ;”’ “ Description

of a new Geometer—Ephyra? decoraria, Newm.;’” Occurrence of

Zygena Achillez in Ireland ;” “ Further Notes on the supposed new

Irish Zygena, Z. nubigena, Museorum ;” by EK. Newman, Esq.

“ Note on the Irish Zygeena. Lithosia caniola, Hiib., in Devonshire

and in Ireland;” ‘ Notes on new or little-known British Eupithecize

(with Descriptions of the Larve, by the Rev. H. Crewe),” by H.

Doubleday, Esq.

“Occurrence of Notodonta bicolor in Staffordshire,” by J. Hardy,

sq.

*Qccurrence of Lythria purpuraria in Britain,” by V. R. Perkins,

Esq.

* A List of Lepidoptera hitherto formed within the Province of

Moray, &c.,” by the Rev. George Gordon, M.A.

“‘Occurrence of Acentropus niveus at Hampstead,” by R. McLach-

lan, Esq.

, Trichoptera.

‘“* Notes on the Family Phryganide,” by E. Parfitt, Esq.

‘The Zoologist’ now consists of 19 volumes, containing 7824

pages, and the greatest service the editor could render to his sub-

scribers and naturalists in general would be to publish a classified

index to the vast amount of interesting matter which is here accu-

mulated. I believe the present race of naturalists are for the most

part quite unaware what a store of valuable matter is contained in this

work, and for those who do know the labour and time required to find

the record of observations on any given item are immense.

‘The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer, Vols. ix. and x. This

periodical has ceased to appear ; the reason given by the editor for dis:

continuing it being that there are too many periodicals, and that this

was one of the number. I ventured in my Address last year to sug-

gest that the ‘ Intelligencer’ might be improved, and I still think

(notwithstanding the editor's denunciation of periodicals in general,

which in the main is quite true), that a periodical which should not

only give notices of new or rare insects discovered in Britain, but also

notes and abstracts of papers published in England and on the Conti-

nent, is a desideratum. Such a work I believe would more than any

other serve to raise up a body of young men who would be worthy of

the name of entomologists ; but asin England no such work is under-

taken by an individual unless it will pay, and there is but little

chance that, for a considerable period at least, such a work would pay

its expenses, there is no prospect that any person would devote the

time and capital necessary to begin and continue it. It might possibly

be managed by the united labours of several entomologists under a

competent editor, but it would be absolutely necessary for thém

to agree to continue to furnish matter, and firmly to resolve to shut

out all personalities.

‘ Annals and Magazine of Natural History,’ 1861 :—

“On the Anobiids of the Canary Islands,” by T. V. Wollaston,

Ksq., M.A., F.L.S.

* Description of a New Species of Spider lately discovered in

_ England,” by R. H. Meade, F.R.C.S. (The animal is Epeira bella).

certain Coleoptera from the Island of Ascension ;” by T. V. Wollas-

ton, Esq., M.A., F.L.S. (Eleven species, seven certainly, four pro-

bably, imported).

“Supplement to a Monograph on the British Species of Pha-

langiide, or Harvest Louse,’ by R. H. Meade, F.R.C.S.

“Further Observations on the Natural History of the Lac insect

(Coecus lucca),” by H. F. Carter, Esq., F.R.S.

“‘ Descriptions of ten New Species of Spiders lately discovered in

England,” by the Rev. O. P.-Cambridge, B.A.

“On the possible Identity of Paussus lineatus, Thunberg, andl P;

Parrianus, Westwood, &c.,” by W. H. Benson, Esq.

“ Contributions to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley: Co-

leoptera, Longicornes,” by H. W. Bates, Esq.

““ Notice of a New Species of Damaster from Japan,” by Arthur -

Adams, F.L.S.

“On Additions to the Madeiran Coleoptera,” by T. V. Wollaston,

Esq., M.A., F.L.S.

“Description of a New Species of Branchipus (B. eatmiens) from

the Port of Gihon in Jerusalem,” by W. Baird, M.D., F.L.S.

“ Descriptions of two New Species of Coleoptera from the Canary

Islands,” by the Baron de Castello de Paiva.

“Contributions to British Carcinology,” by the Rev. Alfred Merle

Norman, M.A.

“Descriptions of several recently discovered Spiders,” by John

Blackwall, F.L.S.

‘The Journal of Entomology,’ Nos. 3 & 4, 1861.

No. 3 (with 3 plates) :—

“ On Certain Coleopterous Insects from the Cape of Good Hope,”

by T. V. Wollaston, Esq., M.A., F.L.S.

“Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Exotic Hymen-

optera,’ by Frederick Smith.

“ Descriptions of New Diurnal Lepidoptera,” by W. C. Hewitson.

“On the Endomychide of the Amazon Valley,” by H. W. Bates.

“ Characters of Undescribed Species of the Family Chalcidide,” by

F. Walker, F.L.S.

“ Reflexions et Notes Synonymiques sur le Travail de M. James

Thomson sur les Cerambycites, &c.,” par A. Chevrolat.

“ Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Phytophaga,” by J.

S. Baly.

No. 4 (with 3 plates) :—

“On Certain Coleoptera from St. Helena,” by T. V. Wollaston,

M.A., F.L.S.

“ Descriptions and Figures of a New Species of Gallerucide,” by

J. O. Westwood, M.A., F.L.S.

“Contributions to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley: Lepi-

doptera, Papilionide,” by H. W. Bates.

“ Reflexions et Notes Synonymiques sur le Travail de M. James

Thomson, &c.,” concluded, par A. Chevrolat.

“Observations suggérées par les Notes de A. Chevrolat, sur les

Cerambycides de M. Thomson;” “ Tentamenta Entomologica,” par

H. Jekel, M.E.S.

“ Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Phytophaga,” by J.S.

Baly.

“ Hutomological Notes,” by Francis P. Pascoe, F.L.S.

Foreign Entomological Works recently published.

‘Die Rhyncoten Livlands in systematischen Folge beschrieben,

Erster Theil: Rhynchota frontirostria, Zelt. (Hemiptera heteroptera,

Aut.),” von Dr. Gustav. Flor. Dorpat, 1860.

In this volume of 820 pages the Livonian Heteroptera are well

described. The older and generally-accepted genera are retained,

modern subdivisions being given as subgenera; the specific syno-

nymy is very full, and appears to have been worked out with much

care.

‘Die europdischen Hemiptera (Rhynchota Heteroptera) nach der

analytischen Methode bearbeitet,, von Dr. Franz Xaver Fieber,

mit zwei lithographirten Tafelu, Wien. 1861.

The analytic system followed in this elaborate work appears to

have rendered necessary the reduction of generic value to the lowest

point, consequently an infinite number of new genera has been

created, established for the most part on very small structural dif-

ferences, so that a great portion of the genera contain only a single

species each ; the result being that a vast amount of descriptive matter

has to be kept in mind in order to arrive at a certainty upon

any given point, and, contrary no doubt to the intention of the

author, the facility of determination is rendered very difficult. The

synonymy of the species is full, but the method of printing it in

continuous lines without variation of type, although it has ensured

economy of space, has greatly increased the labour of reference.

Notwithstanding these drawbacks the work, as a condensation of all

_ that had been written up to the date of publication, has done

great service, and is indispensable to the student of European

Hemiptera.

‘Die Rhynchoten Livlands in systematischer Folge bescrieben ;

Zweiter Theil. Rhyn. gulerostria, Zett. (Hemip. homoptera, Aut.)

von Dr. Flor. Dorpat, 1861.

This volume, containing the Homoptera, viz., Cicadina (Fulgorina,

Membracina and Cicadellina) and Psyllodea, I have not yet seen.

The Aphidina, Coccina and Pediculina, will form another volume.

‘Catalog der Lepidopteren Europa’s und der angrenzenden Liandern;

Macrolepidoptera bearbeitet, von Dr. O. Staudinger; Microlepi-

doptera bearbeitet, von Dr. M. Wocke,’ Dresden, 1861.

‘Catalogue systématique de tous les Coléoptéres décrits dans les

Annales de la Société Entomologique de France depuis 1852

jusqu’ a 1859,’ par Alexandre Strauch, Halle, 1861.

‘ Histoire des Metamorphoses des quelques Coléoptéres Exotiques,’

par M. E. Candéze, Liege, 1861.

‘Essai d’une Classification de la Famille des Cérambycides et

Matériaux pour servir 4 une Monographie de cette Famille, par M.

James Thomson, Paris, 1860.

‘Fauna Austriaca; Diptera,’ Hefte 3—5, by Dr. Schiner, Vienna.

‘Die Europaischen Formiciden, nach der analytischen Methode

bearbeitet,’ von Dr. Gustav. Mayer mit einer Lithographirten; Tafel,

Wien, 1861.

‘Neue Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Dipteren, 8tes Heft, von H.

Loew, Berlin.

‘ Dipterenfauna Siidafrikas,’ Ister Band, von H. Loew, Berlin.

‘Essai Monographique sur la Famille des Throscides, et Nouvelles

Espéces.’

‘Was da Kriecht und Fliegt! Bilden aus dem Insektenleben mit

besonderer Berucksichtigung ihrer Verwandlungsgeschichte entworf

en, von Dr. E. L. Taschenberg, Berlin, 1860.

‘“Saggio di Ditterologia Messanica di Luigi Bellardi,’ Parte 1,

Torino, 1859.

‘Revision der europdischen Otiorhynchus—Arten, von Dr. G.

Stierlin, Berlin, 1861.

This work appears as a “ Beiheft” of the ‘ Berliner Entomologische

Zeitschrift, but it is entirely distinct from that journal.

‘Neue Schmetterlinge aus Europa und den angrenzenden Lin-

dern, von Dr. Herrich-Schaffer, Part 2, with nine plates, 1860;

Part 3, eight plates, 1861, Regensburg.

‘Die Schmetterlinge Deutschlands und der Schweiz, von H.

v. Heinemann. Erste Abtheilung; Gross Schmetterlinge, Brauns-

chweig, 1859.

‘ Annales de la Société Entomologique de France,’ 3me serie, Tome

vill. Trimestre 4e, 1861 :—

“ Observations sur la Faune Entomologique de la Sicile,” par M.

Bellier de la Chavignerie ; Lepidoptera, by the Author; Orthoptera,

by M. L. Brisont de Barneville ; Coleoptera, by M. L. Reiche ; Hemip-

tera, by M. le Dr. Signoret; Hymenoptera, by Dr. Sichel; Diptera,

by M.J. Bigot. “ Essai Monographique sur les Galerucites Aniso-

podes (Latr.); ou Description des Altises d’Kurope,” par M. E.

Allard. “Supplement a la Monographie des Histerides,’ par M. S.

A. de Marseul. “ Essai sur la Faune Entomologique de la Nouvelle

Calédonie, &c.,’ par le Rev. Pére Montrouzier (Coléoptéres). “ Faune

des Hémiptéres de Madagascar ” (conclusion), par M. le Dr. Signoret.

“Observations sur un Genre Nouveau d’Arachnide Trachéenne (Soto-

lemon Lespesii),” par M. H. Lucas. “ Rapport sur Excursion Pro-

vinciale faite a Besancon, &c. en Juin, 1860,” par M. Emm. Martin.

4me Serie, Tome i. Trimestre ler et 2me, 1861 :—

“Notices Entomologiques:” 1, Sur Epeira sericea et Pompilus

croceicornis; 2, Sur Euchalcis Miegii et sur quelques autres Hymé-

noptéres de ce méme genre; 3, Sur une nouvelle espéce d’Astata;

A, Sur une nouvelle espéce de Bembex; 5, Sur une nouvelle espéce

de Cephus ; 6, Sur une nouvelle espéce de Phalangopus, par M. Léon

Dufour. “ Notice Nécrologique sur Meig,” par M. Léon Dufour.

“ Observations sur divers points d’Entomologie:” 1, Notice sur le

Botys du Cobea; 2, Notice sur la Teigne des toiles d’araignées

tegenaire et Segestrie,” par M. le Dr. Doumere. “ Description

de trois Lépidoptéres nouveaux de l’Ile de Corse,” par M. Bellier de

la Chavignerie. “Note sur une Lépidoptére hermaphrodite (Che-

lonia Latreillei),” par M. Bellier de la Chavignerie. “Note sur

quelques espéces du genre Pterophorus,” par M. Bruand d’Uzelle. -

“Etudes sur le genre Lithosia,’ par M. Guenée. “ Description de

quelques Hémiptéres nouveaux,” par M. le Dr. Signoret. “ Essai sur

la Faune Entomologique de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, &c.,” par le Rév.

Pére Montrouzier. “ De l'emploi de l’Alcool saturé d’Acid Arsénieux

pour la conservation des Collections Entomologiques,” par M. C. E.

Leprieur. “ Courtes remarques sur les moyens de conserver les Col-

lections Entomologiques,’ par M. le Dr. Sichel. “Sur quelques

espéces de Coléoptéres du Nord de |’Afrique,” par M. Reiche.

“ Description de quatres nouvelle espéces de Coléoptéres appartenant

a un genre nouveau (Theca, Fam. Anobites),’ par M. le Dr. Aubé.

“Description de cing nouvelle espéces de Coléoptéres propres a la

Faune Francaise,” par M. le Baron Gautier des Cottes. “ Note sur

une nouvelle espéce de Lamellicorne Phyllophage (Pachydema Lethi-

erryi),” par M. H. Lucas. “ Description du Mallaspis Moreletii (Fam.

Prionides),” par M. H. Lucas. “ Revision des Coléoptéres du Chili,”

par M. L. Fairmaire et P. Germain. “ Revision du genre Agra,” par

M. le Chaudoir. “ Description de nouvelle espéces des genres Tri-

condyla et Therates,” par M. le Chaudoir. “Supplement a la

Monographie des Histérides,” par M.S. A. de Marseul. ‘“ Espéces

nouvelle du genre Sternotomis,” par M. le Dr. Coquerel. “ Descrip-

tion @un genre inedit de Dejean (Centrocerum, Fam. Cerambycides),”

par M. A. Chevrolat. “ Description d’une nouvelle espéce de Néu-

roptére,’ par M. le Dr. Doumere. “ Description de Coléoptéres

nouveaux propres a la Faune Frangaise,” par M. le Baron Gautier des

Cottes. “ Description de six espéces nouvelles de Coléoptéres

d’Europe — genres nouveaux et aveugles,” par M. le Dr. Aubé.

“Note sur les Antennes du Spilophora trimaculata,” par M. le Dr.

A. Chereau. “‘ Notes Synonymiques (Coleoptera),” par M. L. Reiche.

“ Note sur le genre Eugaster (I'am. Locustides),” par M. H. Lucas.

“ Quelques remarques sur la maniére de vivre du Mellinus sabulosus,”

par M. H. Lucas. “ Note sur une nouvelle espéce du genre Ixodes,”

par M. H. Lucas. “ ‘Trois Diptéres nouveaux de la Corse,” par M. J.

Bigot. ‘* Note sur les Poederus 4 abdomen concolore,” par M.

Fauvel. ‘‘ Metamorphoses d’une Mouche parasite (Tachina—Masi-

cera villica),” par M. le Dr. Al. Laboulbéne. “ Description et

figure d’une Larve d’Cistride de Cayenne ;” “ Sécrétions de matiére

musquée chez les Insectes,’ par M. le Professor Girard. “ Des

Cocons de la Puce,’ par M. Léon Dufour. “Notice Nécrologique

sur Charles Delarouzée,” par. M. Gabriel de Baran.

Trimestre 3me, 1862.

* Coléoptéres de la Nonvelle—Caledonie (fin.),” par Montrouzier.

Catatogue complémentaire des Altises d'Europe et du Nord de

YAfrique et Table generale,’ par Allard. “Espéces nouvelles de

Throscides,” par Bonvouloir. “ Coléoptéres nouveaux de la Faune

circa—Méditerranéenne,” par Reiche. ‘“ Melancrus nouveaux et

Rectifications,’ par Guérin-Meneville, ‘“Clytides de l’Ancienne

Colombie — Observations et notes synonymiques,” par Chevrolat.

“Coléoptéres Nouveaux,” par Gautier des Cottes. ‘ Deux Bupres-

tides nouveaux,” par H. Deyrolle. ‘‘ Note sur le Chrysodema ery-

throcephala; “ Métamorphoses de l’Aracerus fasciculatus,” par H.

Lucas. “Coléoptéres du Chili: Staphyliniens,” par Fairmaire et

Germain ; “ Larve du Teretrius parasita ; Metamorphoses du Trachys

pygmea,” par Leprieur. “ Remarques sur les Métamorphoses du

Trachys pygmea,” par Léon Dufour. “ Etudes sur quelques Or-

thoptéeres Exotiques du Musée de Genéve,” par H. de Saussure.

“ Orthoptéres exotiques rare ou nouveaux,” par Coquerel. ‘“ Deux

Homoptéres nouveaux étrangers,” par Signoret. “ Recherches sur

la chaleur Animale des Articules,” par Girard. ‘Supplement a la

Monographie des Histerides,” par de Marseul.

Among the subjects recently announced to the Entomological

Society of Trance are two of much interest:—1. That M. Bel,

in capturing a beetle at Senegal, had received from it a shock analo-

gous to that produced by the application of electricity; and it

appeared, from his inquiries, that the negroes know the beetle, which

always causes a tremor when they seize it. Unfortunately, the name

of the insect was not determined, but means will be taken to verify

the fact of its reputed electricity, and to procure specimens of

the beetle. 2. M. Guénee announces that, with the aid of M.

Oberthiir, of Rennes, he has prepared, and will shortly print, a ‘ List

of the Lepidoptera of Europe.’ He says, “ This Catalogue will be

based, like that of Mr. Doubleday, upon my system, and will contain

all the Divisions and Sub-divisions, but without generic characters.

The synonymy will be very short, but scrupulously verified. The va-

rieties forming race, those which have received distinct names and

the principal aberrations, will be mentioned, together with the page

or the figure of the work where they may be found. ‘The habitat will

be stated precisely and the times of appearance rectified. Finally,

the indication of the food of the caterpillar, where it is known, will

follow each species, and thus will point out those of which the early

state is unknown.”

‘Entomologische Zeitung; herausgegeben von dem Entomologis-

chen Vereine zu Stettin, 22 Jahrgang, Stettin, 1861. One plate.

Nos. 1—3. Philippi, J., ‘‘ Chilenische Telephorus.” V. Heyden,

“ Fragmente.” Moore, “Bombyx Mori und Hauttoni.” Dohrn,

“ Epilogus.” Osten-Sacken, ‘‘ Entomologische Notizen.” Herrich-

Schaffer, “ Uber Gastropacha arbuscule.” V. Heyden, “ Antwort au

G. Koch.” V. Siebold, “ Agriotypus armatus.” Keferstein, “ Mit-

theilungen.” Werneburg, “ Hesperia — Arten. — Lepid. Notizen.”

Hagen, “Insecten Zuge.” Altum, “ Lepidopterisches.” Suffrian,

““Synon. Misc.” Dohrn, “ Aphileus lucanoides.” Mengelbir, “ Rei-

seskizzen.” Gartner, “ Polia aliena.” Hagen, “ Literatur.”

Nos. 4—6. Hagen, “ Die Phryganiden Pictets nach Typen bear-

beitet.” Mengelbir, “‘ Reiseskizzen aus den Alpen.” Kawall,

“Kntomologische Mittheilungen.” Mink, ‘‘ Entomol. Notizen.”

Stal, “Miscellanea Hemipterologica.” Mengelbir, “ Reiseskizzen

aus den Alpen.” Sharswood, “ Beitrag zu einem Nekrolog des

Majors J. Eatton Le Conte.” Rathke, “ Studien zur Entwicklungs-

geschichte der Insekten.” Von Prittwitz, “ Die Generationen und

die Winterformen der in Schlesien beobachteten Falter.” Koch,

“ Kritik und Antikritik des Hrn v. Heyden.”

Nos. 7—9. Rathke, “Studien zur Hntwicklungsgeschichte der

Insekten.” Schaufuss, “ Die Europ. ungefliigelten Arten der Gat-

tung Sphodrus, De.” Hagen, “Insekten Zwitter.” Staudinger,

“ Ueber einige neue und bisher verwechselte Lepidopteren.” Dohrn,

“ Melolontha (Polyphylla) hololeuca, 2.” Micklitz, “ Beitrag zur

Bastardfrage.” Freyer, “ Lepidopterologisches.” “ Erinnerung an

Jacob Hiibner.” “ Literatur.” (Thomson, Wilde).

Nos. 10—12. Gersticker, “‘ Gattung Sapyga.” Werneburg, “ Geo-

metra Pomonaria.” Schaufuss, “ Anthicus vittatus und Bruchus

pallidipes.” Wocke und Staudinger, “Reise nach Finmarken.”

“Alphabet,” “ Verzeichniss dazu.” Osten-Sacken, “Gallen und Pflan-

zendeformationen in Nord-Amerika.” Schaufuss, “Zwei neue Sil-

phidengattungen.” Tischbein, “ Monstroser Ichneumon luctatorius.”

Suffrian, ““Synon. Misc.” Keferstein, “ Parthenogenesis bei Lepi-

doptera.” Hagen, “ Literatur.” (Razumowsky). Glaser, ‘‘ Cossus—

Entwicklung im todten Leibe.”” Fischer, “ Zur Catalogs—Literatur.”

Von Kronkelm, “ Ueber dlige Schmetterlinge.” Hering, “ Nachwort

dazu.” Gersticker, “ Berichtigungen zu Sapyga.” Dutreux, “ Fiir

Kugadin—Excurrenten.”

In the ‘ Proceedings of the Society’ are two interesting notices :—

one, that Dr. Chapuis, of Verviers, is about to publish a Monograph of

the Scolytide; the other, that Herr C. Stal, of Stockholm, will

publish, in the ‘ Acta Upsalensis, a Monograph of American Chry-

somelide.

Of the ‘ Linnea Entomologica,’ published by the Stettin Society,

Vol. xv., which is to contain the conclusion of Suffrian’s “ Monograph

on the Cryptocephalid,” has been delayed in consequence of the

author of that paper having been unable to finish it in time, but the

volume, it is expected, will be published in the present year.

‘Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift; Herausgegeben von dem

Entomologischen Vereine in Berlin,’ Fiinfter Jahrgang, 1861. ‘Two

plates and a portrait of Markel. Contains:—

Coleoptera.

“Die Ateuchiden ohne Fusskrallen, Monographisch bearbeitet,”

von H. Burmeister.

“Hine Decade neuer Cicindelen aus dem Tropischen Asien,” von

H. Schaum.

“ Die Bedeutung der Paraglossen,” von H. Schaum.

“ Beitrage zur Kenntniss einiger Coprophagen.”

“* Lamellicornien,” von EK. v. Harold.

“ Beitrag zur Kenntniss einiger Carabicen—Guttungen,” von Baron

vy. Chaudoir.

“ Beitrag zur Kaferfaune Griechenlands; Siebentes Stiick: Tene-

brionidz, Cistelide, Lagriarig, Pedilide, Anthicide, Mordellone,

Meloide, Gi demeride,” von H. v. Kiesenwetter.

“ Hine Entomologische Excursion in das Wallis nach dem Monte

Rosa in Sommer, 1861,” von H. v. Kiesenwetter. _

Diptera.

“* Ueber die Afrikanischen Trypetina,” von Director H. Loew.

“ Diptera Americe septentrionalis descripsit H. Loew. Centuria

prima.”

Hymenoptera.

“ Die Ponera—artigen Ameisen,” von Dr. J. Roger.

“ Deutsche Braconiden,” von J. F. Ruthe. Aus dessen Nachlass

verdffentlicht, von H. Reinhard. Zweites Stuck.

““Myrmecologische Nachlese,” von J. Roger.

Lepidoptera.

* Ueber die Krankheit des Seidenspinners und die Erziehung einer

~ gesunden Brut desselben,” von Prof. Chavannes.

‘ Kleinere Mittheilungen :-—

“ Ueber Coleoptera,” von Baudi di Selve, P. Habelmann, M.Wahn-

schaffe, H. Fuss, W. Fuchs, W. Scriba, C. Wilken, W. Koltze, C.

v. Heyden, Schaum, v. Chaudoir, G. Kraaz.

“ Sammelbericht,” von J. Brauns, W. Koltze, G. Schreiter, W.

Fuchs.

“‘ Ueber Lepidoptera,” von C. Kretschmar, A. Libbach.

“ Ueber Hemiptera,” von H. Tieffenbach.

“ Ueber Hymenoptera,” von v. Kiesenwetter.

“ Sammelbericht,” von Dr. Taschenberg.

‘ Synonymische Bemerkungen :’—

“ Ueber Coleoptera,” von v. Chaudoir, Schaum, Kraatz.

‘ Zeitschriftschau.’

* Neuere Literatur.’

‘ Correspondenzblatt fiir Sammler von Insecten, insbesondere von

Schmetterlinge, Nos. 13—24, 1861, Regensberg. Dr. Herrich-

Schiffer announces that this periodical will cease to appear in

its present form, and will be amalgamated with some monthly

journal which is not exclusively entomological.

‘Bulletin de la Sociéte Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou,’

1860 and 1861. .

“ Matériaux pour servir a l'étude des Cicindélétes” (No. 4);

“ Matériaux pour servir 4 ’étude des Carabiques ;” “ Description

de quelque espécesS nouvelles d’Europe et de Syrie appartenant aux

Cicindélétes et Carabiques ;” all by M. de Chaudoir.

‘Bulletin de Academie de St. Petersbourg, Tome iii. :—

‘“ Beschreibungen neuer Lepidopteren aus Ostsibirien und dem

Amurland.”

‘ Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte,’ von Troschel, 1860 and 1861 :—

1. “ Beschreibung einer Cistriden—Larve aus der Haut des Men-

schen,,” von Dr. E. Grube. Dr. Schaum, in the ‘ Berlin Zeitschrift,’

says, “ The larva here represented is, according to the observations of

Frantzius, now rare in Costa Rica ; it differs from Caterebra noxialis,

but the fly is hitherto unknown.”

2. “Ueber Kalkablagerung in der Haut der Insecten,” von F.

Leydig.

3. “Die Larvenzustinde der Musciden,” von Prof. Dr. R. Leuckart.

4. “Ueber das Vorkommen von ausstiilpbaren Haut-Anhangen,”

von Dr. A. Gerstaecker.

‘Archivis per la Zoologia, Anatomia et la Fisiologia,’ publ. p. c.

di S. Canestrini, G. Doria, P. M. Ferrari e M. Lessone, Genova

Giugno, 1861 :—

‘* Snl Pteromalino parasito delle nove de Rhynchites betuleti c. fig,”

by Filippi.

‘Hore Societatis Entomologice Rossice,” Fasc. 1, Tab. 4, illus-

tratus, Petropoli, 1861.

‘ Annales des Sciences Naturelles,’ Paris, 1860 : —

“Recherches Anatomiques sur l’Ascalaphus meridionalis, Charp,”

par M. Léon Dufour.

“De Vinfluence du systéme nerveux sur la respiration des Dytis-

ques,” par M. E. Faivre.

‘ Annales de la Société Linnéenne de Normandie,’ Caen, 1861 :—

“Synopsis des espéces Normandes du Genre Micropeplus,” par

Fauvel.

British Entomology.

If we may judge by the number of foreign publications, Ento-

mology seems to be flourishing on the Continent. But when I turn to

England I am compelled to think that Entomology, if not retrograding,

is not advancing, at least in a scientific form. ‘The Editor of the

‘ Intelligencer’ says “ We doubt much if we could now make out a list

of 500 English entomologists,” although the list in the ‘ Annual’ for

1860 contained 1224 names, and he attributes much of the defection

to the Volunteer Movement. This is, probably, a reason to a con-

siderable extent, but perhaps another reason is, that a great many of

those enumerated as entomologists were simply lads at school who

had a liking for catching butterflies, which ceased with their school-

days, and the majority of them possibly would never have become

anything more than collectors: so it may be that scientific Ento-

mology has lost but little by the diminution of the number of col-

lectors of the grade alluded to. It is true that some few of the

defaulters might, in after years, have been worthy of the name

of entomologist, and it is legitimate to hope that where the germ of

a true love of the Science existed it may yet bear fruit; but I confess

that a science which, like Entomology, must be cultivated for its own

sake, has in this’ country but srfall prospect of numerous adherents.

In England so large a proportion of the population is “brought up

under the Upas-like shade of the business-tree, and is taught practi-

cally, if not theoretically, to regard as scarcely worth attention every-

thing that does not “ pay,” that it is only here and there that we can

point to a man who loves Science for itself and finds his reward in its

cultivation. Even when a man would devote some attention to

science, the deadly struggle, not only for existence but for wealth, in

which he finds himself involved, abstracts so much of his life, that

only fragments of time can be rescued for intellectual work, and

he can do little more than observe what has been done by others.

In the upper and wealthier classes it is rare to find an individual who

cultivates pure science, or works at it in such a way as to make his

mark on the page of his era; there are noble exceptions, but few of

them are entomologists. Either from want of natural bias, from

deficiency in our educational systems, or from absolute want of time,

the tone of our age with regard to all science which does not present

material advantages is not philosophic, and so in other branches

of non-productive natural science besides Entomology there is a

want of students.

Notwithstanding these drawbacks there are yet some, in different

stations of life, who manage to give more or less time to Entomology,

and great would be the advantages to themselves and science if the

younger men at least were awake to the dignity of its philosophy ; if

they would seek to penetrate beneath the surface of the subject under

notice, and endeavour to behold the majesty of the divinity that

dwells in the midst of the mysteries before them. But for this there

must exist the pure and ardent desire to know,— the first requisite of

a worshipper of Nature,—and a perseverance in watching in silence and

seclusion until the goddess reveals herself. At this feast of reason no

one need wait as a beggar for the crumbs broken off by others that

fall from the table, but each guest is expected and invited to reach

forth his hand and help himself. The domain to be explored is

“ Boundless, endless and sublime ; ”

the only obligation laid upon those invited being that to whom much

is given of him much will be required, and that the least an observer

can do is to make known his discoveries to others. At this point a

Society like this comes to his assistance with its publications, its

meetings, and its library, and thus the young student can learn what

new insight into Nature has been vouchsafed to him, and find an

opportunity of telling it to his fellow men.

Tn such a spirit should J like to see Entomology pursued and this

Society supported. Now observers, for the most part, observe with

too little continuity of purpose; even those who have microscopes

work to no definite end, the result of their labours being only iso-

lated facts, from which, however beautiful and wonderful in them-

selves, no general principles are deduced. On the Continent there is

a better state of things. Each of the Entomological Societies of

France, Stettin and Berlin, publishes yearly double the quantity of

matter that this Society does, and far exceeds ours in the number of

its members. If English entomologists, sinking all personal feelings,

would all associate within the pale of this Society, they could, not-

withstanding their many disadvantages, accomplish work that would

redound to the credit of Entomology in a far greater degree than their

antagonistic attitudes, individual efforts, or positive indifference, have

hitherto permitted. Whether this “consummation devoutly to be

wished ” will ever arrive, it would be hazardous to predict; one thing

is painfully evident that hitherto English entomologists have not by

general co-operation done for their Science all they could. I hope

yet to see that the English entomologists who have not hitherto

joined us may be convinced that by enrolling themselves as Members,

the Society would have enlarged means of advancing the interests of

the Science of which they are adherents.

And, now, gentlemen, it only remains for me to say that I trust

this Society has not deteriorated in position or usefulness during the

period I have occupied the Chair, and that I shall ever preserve a

grateful recollection of the kindness and support you have accorded

to me as your President.

Report of the Council to the Society, January 27th, 1862.

Our Library has received numerous additions during the past year, from other

societies and individuals; our books generally are in a good state of preservation.

The plates composing our copy of Hubner’s ‘ European Lepidoptera, obtained at the

sale of the late Mr. Heysham’s library, having been compared by Mr. Stainton with

his copy of that work, and the series being found perfect, it has lately been placed in

the binder’s hands.

The Collections, we regret to say, are in an unsatisfactory state of arrangement :

this matter has been very recently brought under consideration ; the incoming

Council will no doubt take the necessaiy steps to put them in a better condition.

We have much pleasure in congratulating the Society upon the favorable state of

its finances, as shown in the Treasurer's accounts, audited this day.

J. W. DOUGLAS, President.

LInabilities and Assets of the Society.

Liabilities.

to 8

Mr. Wilkinson for printing

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(0)

Abstract of the Treaswrer’s Accounts for 1861.

RECEIPTS.

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February 3, 1862.

FrepErIck SmitH, Esq., President, in the chair.

The President thanked the Society for having selected him to fill the chair; and

nominated Messrs. Lubbock, Pascoe and W. Wilson Saunders to be his Vice-

Presidents.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to

the donors:—‘The Journal of Entomology, No. 4; presented by the Proprietors.

‘The Atheneum’ for January; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’

for January; by the Editor. ‘The Zoologist’ for February; by the Editor. ‘Sit-

zungsberichte der Konig]. Bayer. Akad. der Wissenschaften zu Munchen, 1861,

Heft V.; by the Academy.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Dunning suggested that the accuracy of the minutes would be increased, and

the value of the Society’s ‘Proceedings’ materially enhanced, if each Member who

made exhibitions, or took part in the discussions or conversations thereupon, would

have the goodness to hand to the Secretary, either during or at the close of the

Meeting, or to transmit to him by post, a brief note containing the substance of his

communication to the Society, the names of insects referred to, and the authorities

for those names, references to authors quoted, and generally any facts narrated or

opinions expressed by the Member, which he thinks it desirable to have recorded. It

was scarcely advisable to trust more than necessary to the Secretary’s memory or

power of rapid reporting; and Mr. Dunning thought that whilst the carrying the

above suggestion into effect would be a great convenience to the Secretary, it would

entail but slight inconvenience on each individual Member.

Mr. Lubbock exhibited a magnified drawing of a singular Dipterous larva found

under logs of wood; he was unable to state to what family it belonged, but hoped to

breed the perfect insect.

Professor Westwood, though at first inclined to consider it the larva of one of the

Muscide, thought it most probably referable to some species allied to Platypeza.

Mr. Walker remembered having, some years ago, found flat larve adhering closely

to damp wood, and somewhat resembling that represented in Mr. Lubbock’s figure:

he agreed with Professor Westwood that the larva did not belong to the Muscidae.

Mr. Stainton exhibited a living pupa of the Lepidopterous genus Micropteryx, and

a highly-magnified coloured drawing of the same, and read the following notes

thereon :—

“The wing-cases, legs and antenne are perfectly free from the body, the abdomen

being able to inove away from them to a considerable extent.

“ The abdomen of the pupa I examined was in almost constant motion, both to

and from the wing-cases, and with slight lateral motion. :

‘*‘ Neither the wing-cases nor the legs appear to have any individual power of

motion, but the end of the abdomen would frequently move the euds of the legs by

knocking against thein.

“The abdomen was remarkably soft and flexible, reminding one rather of a female

Psyche.

“In front of the head one seems to distinguish both pair of palpi, the antenne

and legs, the legs being longer than the antenne, for which I at first mistook them.

“The antenne@ were not symmetrical in the specimen I examined, that on the

left side being close to the leg-cases, that on the right side lying nearly across the

centre of the wing.

‘* Below the eyes and above the palpi appears a brown knob, which may possibly

represent the tongue; it bears numerous bristles: immediately beneath it are two

large brown projections, the use of which I am utterly at a loss to cunjecture; they

expand towards the tips, which are scalloped obliquely.

‘““ Between the eyes, but above them, is a slight protuberance or beak, which is

nearly transparent; above it are again some strong bristles.

**On the back a slender semi-transparent membrane projects upwards from the

first abdominal segment.

“The head is very clearly separated from the thorax, and between the two is a

neck or collar.”

The larva was a birch-feeder, but, the perfect insect not having yet been bred, the

species was unknown. ‘The appearance of the imago of Micropteryx had long since

suggested a doubt whether that genus was truly Lepidopterous or Trichopterous: the

pupa now proved to be, as it were, midway between the proper pupa-forms of those

orders.

Mr. M‘Lachlan remarked that though the pupa was certainly a connecting link

between Lepidoptera and Trichoptera, it could not be claimed as belonging to the

/ilatter order: the legs and antenne did not appear to be entirely free, as was always

the case in Trichopterous pupe. Moreover, the form of the larva showed that the

insect was properly retained among the Lepidoptera.

Professor Westwood thought the curious neck-tie-like appendage with scalloped

edges must be the covering of one of the pairs of palpi.

Mr. Janson exhibited seven species of Coleoptera, hitherto unrecorded as in-

habitants of Britain, viz.:—

1. Patrobus clavipes, Thomson, Sk. Coll. 25, 2 (1857); Skand. Coll. i. 214, 2 (1859).

Taken by the late H. Squire near Lerwick, Shetland, in August, 1858.

2. Harpalus (Ophonus) diflinis, Dejean, Spec. gen. iv. 196, 4 (1829); Icon. iv.

95,4, tab. 179, f. 4 (1834). Fairm. et Laboulb. Faune Ent. Frang. col.i. 121, 2 (1854).

Schaum, Naturgesch. d. Ins. Deutschl. i. 573, 3 (1860). Taken by himself near

Croydon, Surrey, in September, 1860.

3. Harpalus (Ophonus) parallelus, Dejean, Sp. gen. iv. 219, 25 (1829); Icon.

120, 25, tab. 183, f. 4 (1834). Schaum, Naturgesch. d. Ins. Deutsch. i. 580, 12

(1860). Captured by the late H. Squire, on the Sussex coast, February, 1558.

4, Aleochara merens, Gyll. Ins. Suec. iv. 493, 53—54 (1827). Eric. Gen. et

Spec. Staph. 169, 22 (1839). Kraatz, Naturgesch. d. Ins. Deutschl. ii. 103, 28

(1856). Aleochara lugubris, Aubé, Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr. 2me Ser. viii. 313 (1850) ;

Fairm. et Laboulb. Faune Ent. Frang. col. i. 448, 19 (1856). Found by the late

J. Foxcroft, in Perthshire, in 1855.

5. Homalota Thomsoni, Janson. Homalota nigricornis, Thomson, Ofv. af Kon.

Vet. Acad. Forh, 142, 42 (1850). Kraatz, Naturgesch. d. Ins. Deutschl. ii. 281, 88

(1856), nec Steph. Aleochara excavata? Gyl/. Ins. Suec. iv. 490, 30—31 (1827).

Captured by himself, near Hampstead, Middlesex, April, 1857.

6. Xantholinus atratus, Heer, Faun. Col. Helv. i. 246, 7 (1839). Kraaiz,

Naturgesch. d. Ins. Deutschl. ii. 636, 5 (1857). Discovered by himself in a nest of

Formica rufa, vear Highgate, Middlesex, October, 1856.

7. Thivobias brevipennis, v. Kiesenw. Stettin. Ent. Zeit. xi. 221 (1850). Kraatz,

Naturgesch. d. Ins. Deutschl. ii. 885, 5 (1858). Taken by himself in Holme Fen,

Huntingdonshire, May, 1859.

Mr. Ruspini exhibited a coloured figure of a variety of Lycena Phleas. The

specimen was captured on Norwood Common in the autumn of 1858, and was princi-

pally remarkable for the absence of the usual coppery border of the posterior wings,

and for the presence on each of the same pair of wings of three straight rather broad

sharply-defined radiating bars, of a bright copper colour.

Mr. Lubbock requested Members of the Society to supply him with any speci-

mens of Thysanura which it might be in their power to furnish.

Dr: Wallace, after recalling to the recollection of the Meeting a letter addressed

to him by Captain Russell, of Monk’s Eleigh, Suffolk, and which was read at the

Meeting of the Society held on the 2nd of December, 1861, now introduced Captain

Russell to ihe Society, and exhibited on his behalf specimens of Callimorpha Hera,

Argyouis Lathonia, Eulepia grammica, a suffused dark variety of Vanessa Urtice,

Anesychia Echiella, and an insect which was apparently Cabera rotundaria.

Captain Russell said that of Callimorpha Hera (which in Doubleday’s ‘ List of

Lepidoptera’ was included amongst the “‘ Reputed British Species”) he captured five

specimens on the 27th of July, 1859. The following is an extract from his diary for

that day :—“ Drove from Khuabon to Wrexham ; beautiful day, but very hot; about

two miles from Wrexham some beautiful .butterflies, one sort with brilliant scarlet

wings; country very hilly, not well cultivated.” Captain Russell was at that time

unable to distinguish between Rhopalocera and Hetervcera; and the “ butterflies with

brilliant scarlet wings” turned out to be C. Hera. The place where they were cap-

tured was a stony hill-side, quite uncultivated ; the time about 5 p.m. The flight of

the insects was sluggish, and from full flight their subsidence to perfect rest was ap-

parently instantaneous. The wings lay flat upon the surface on which the insect

rested, and none of the scarlet of the under wings was then visible. Each of the five

specimeos captured was taken off a bramble-leaf. The spot was revisited about

11 a.m. on the following day, but not a specimen was to be seen.

A. Lathonia was taken by Captain Russell on two oceasions in August, 1859; on

the first occasion five specimens; on the second two, in a meadow-field on the S.W.

side of a wood belonging to Mr. T. P. Hitchcock, at Lavenham, Suffolk. The insects

were shown, shortly after their capture, and whilst yet limp and not set out, to the

late Professor Henslow, whose living of Hitcham was an adjoining parish to Monk’s

Eleigh: the Professor told him they were specimens of A. Lathonia, and added that he

did not regard them as indigenous, but thought they must have been blown over from

the Continent.

The specimen of Eulepia grammica was taken at the same place as C. Hera, on

the occasion of Captain Russell’s second visit to that spot, on the 28th of July, 1859.

It was disturbed by a lighted fusee falling among some long grass; it flew with

amazing rapidity for a few yards and then suddenly disappeared: all efforts to dis-

cover it were unavailing, and the search was abandoned, when the insect was again

disturbed by a stone casually thrown at a butterfly sitting on a neighbouring flower,

when Captain Russell succeeded in securing it in his net.

The variety of Vanessa Urtice was captured by Captain Russell, flying in a garden

at Waltisham, Suffolk. The specimen was somewhat crippled, and he had at first

thought it a hybrid between V. Urtice and V. Antiopa.

The specimen of Anesychia Echiella, W. V. (A. bipunctella, F.), which was also

placed amongst the “Reputed British Species” in Mr. Doubleday’s List, was

taken by Captain Russell in a chalk-pit at Chelsworth, Suffolk, in the summer of

1861.

The specimen of Cabera was bred from the larva, and the reason for its exhibi-

tion was, that out of sixteen larve precisely similar in appearance, and all fed upon

alder, fifteen produced insects of the form known as Cabera pusaria, whilst the six-

teenth produced the exhibited specimen, which was of the form known as C. rotun-

daria.

Mr. Rye exhibited specimens of Lathrobium geminum, Kraatz, and read the fol-

lowing notes on the characters which distinguish it from the allied species :— (

“TLathrobium geminum, Kraatz (=L. elongatum, Gyll.) Hitherto confounded in

our collections with L. elongatum, Linn., and apparently almost as common.

“LL. brunnipes, the first of the larger species, apart from its very distinct characters

underneath in both sexes, is at once to be distinguished by its entirely black upper

surface, all the others near it in size having the elytra more or less barred on the api-

cal half with red or reddish brown ; and although this colour is sometimes suffused all

over the elytron, it is never so dark as in L. brunnipes.

“The next species, L. elongatum, Linn., most closely resembles L. geminum in

colour, punctuation and size; the only character on the upper side being the relative

length and width of the thorax and elytra.

“In L. elongatum, Linn., the thorax is decidedly narrower than, and not so long

as, the elytra, whereas in L. geminum it is very nearly, if not quite, as wide and long

as the elytra, imparting a broader and more robust look to the insect.

“Tt is, however, underneath that the chief differences are to be found, as usual in

this genus.

“The male L. elongatum, Linn., has on the middle of the lower surface of the

penultimate segment of the abdomen a shallow longitudinal fovea, widening behind,

with a thickly-elevated ridge of stiff black hairs on each side, and distinctly and acutely

excised where it meets the hinder margin.

“In L. geminum the male has (in the same place) two short parallel ridges of

black hairs and no acute marginal excision, each ridge terminating in a very gentle

and scarcely perceptible flexuosity.

“The females of both, as in nearly all the genus, present no decided characters,

the penultimate segment in each having the hinder margin beneath somewhat in the

form of a cone truncated at its thick end with the corners slightly rounded, and this is

pethaps more distinct in L. elongatum, but in both sexes the under-surface of the

head presents sufficient difference to separate the two species, since in L. elongatum

it is roughly and thickly punctured, and in L. gewinum more sparsely and finely.

“The only remaining species at all like L. geminum is L, fulvipenne, which resem-

bles it in the relative proportions of the thorax and elytra, but is altogether as distinctly

elongate and slender as L. geminum is robust and broad. In L. fulvipenne also the pen-

ultimate segment of the male beneath is quite destitute of hairy ridges, having simply

- a shallow and somewhat oval excision in the middle of the hinder margin. The punc-

tuation of the under surface of the head is much the same as in L. geminum, but the

general facies of the insect will at once distinguish it.

‘‘ Erichson appears to have remarked the difference in structure of the present

L. geminum, but referred it to a var. of L. elongatum, Linn.”

Mr. Crotch exhibited Dermestes Frischii, Kugelan, and read the following

notes :—

*¢ Dermestes Frischii, Kugelan, Hrichson, = D. vulpinus, Llliger, non Fab.

“This species, hitherto unrecorded as British, was taken somewhat plentifully by

Mr. W. Farren, of Cambridge, under a dead horse in the New Forest, in the early

part of the summer of 1860, in company with Dermestes murinus; hence it would ap-

pear to be a truly indigenous species, whereas D. vulpinus is in all probability

introduced.

“Tt most closely resembles D. vulpinus, fad., from which it may be distinguished

by the brighter colouring of the pubescence on the sides of the thorax, which is

also conspicuously marked with a black spot at each hinder angle. Underneath, the

middle spot on the last segment of the abdomen is purely terminal, whereas in

D. vulpinus, Fab., the spot is produced for the entire length of the segment. In D.

vulpinus, Fab., the apex of each elytron forms a small acute mucro, which is entirely

wanting in D. Frischii. The scutellum also appears to be of a much brighter yellow

in D. vulpinus, Fab.

“Tt may be as well here to observe that the insect termed Dermestes tessellatus of

Waterhouse’s Catalogue is evidently the D. undulatus of Erichson and Sturm, and

Mr. Waterhouse agrees with me in this opinion.”

March 3, 1862.

Freperick Smita, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

donors :—‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society,’ vol. xi. No. 47; presented by the Royal

Society. ‘The Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, and Proceedings of the Natural

History Society of Montreal, conducted by a Committee of the Natural History

Society,’ vol. vi.; by the Society. ‘The Zoologist’ for March; by the Editor. ‘The

Intellectual Observer, Nos. 1 and 2; by the publishers, Messrs. Groombridge and

Sons. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for February; by the Society. ‘The

Literary Gazette’ for February; by the Editor. ‘The Atheneum’ for February; by

the Editor. ‘ List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the

British Museum, part xxiii, Geometrites; by the Author, Francis Walker, Esq.,

F.LS., &c.

Certificates in favour of George Robert Gray, Esq., the Rev. T. H. Browne and

Alfred Haward, Esq., as Members of the Society, were read a first time, and ordered

to be suspended in the Meeting Room.

There were on the table, for distribution among the Members, copies of the Address

delivered at the Anniversary Meeting on the 27th of January, 1862, by J. W. Douglas,

Esq., President; also copies of an, Address delivered at the ordinary Meeting on the

3rd of February, 1862, by H. T. Stainton, Esq.

The Society's Collection. -

The President, by the desire of the Council, stated to the Meeting the steps taken

by the Council in consequence of their attention having been called to the state of the

Society’s Collections: the Council had held two Special Meetings, had obtained from

the Curator an explanation of the manner in which his time was employed, and, after

full consideration thereof, had passed the following Resolution :—“ That the thanks of

the Council be given to the members of the late Library aud Cabinet Committee for

their very careful Report on the state of the Society’s Collections; and the Council,

having requested and obtained from the Curator an explanation with respect to the

employment of his time when at the Society's Rooms, considers such explanation

satisfactory.” 2

The * Transactions’ of the Society.

The President announced that the Council had rescinded the Resolution of Council

of the 7th of February, 1859, by virtue of which all Members and Subscribers whose

subscriptions were not in arrear received the ‘ Transactions’ gratis; that in future

Members and Subscribers resident in or within fifteen miles of London would have to

purchase the ‘ Transactions, as was the case prior to February, 1859 (and see ‘ Bye-

Laws, ch. xxi.), but that the price to Members and Subscribers would be one-half the

price to the public. It was also announced that with the forthcoming first part of a

new volume would be commenced the “ Third Series ” of the Society’s ‘ Transactions,’

and that a general index to the five volumes of the second or “‘ New Series” would be

prepared and published as soon as possible.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Newman exhibited series of bred specimens of two British species of the genus

Cabera. He remarked that each series had been arranged with the view of showing

that the particular colouring supposed to be distinctive of Cabera rotundaria was

nothing more than an intermediate state between an insect with two and one with

three transverse lines or bars. In the upper specimens in each series there were but

two transverse bars; in the specimens next following the first or basal bar appeared

separating into two bars, yet these were almost contiguous; in the succeeding speci-

mens they grew more and more distant, until at the bottom of the series, both in C.

pusaria and C. exanthemaria, the three transverse bars were equally distinct and

equidistant. The rounded form of the wings, which was supposed to have suggested

the name of “ rotundaria,” was proved by this series to be equally instable.

Mr. Newman expressed his obligations to Mr. Thomas Huckett, who had bred the

whole of the insects exhibited, and had arranged them as they now stvod, affording a

convincing proof that C. rotundaria was a mere variation, to which both the acknow-

ledged species C. pusaria and C. exanthemaria were liable.

Mr. Huckett, who was present as a visitor, stated that the larve from which he had

bred the specimens exhibited were all taken at the same time and place, and that he

had but two species of larva, viz., those usually known as the larve of C. pusaria and

_C. exanthemaria.

Mr. Dunning referred to the exhibition of Cabera rotundaria by Captain Russell,

at the February Meeting of the Society, as corroborating Mr. Newman’s conclusion,

and stated that the question of the specific distinctness of that form had on several

occasions been brought under the notice of the Northern Entomological Society, the

members of which, who had had frequent opportunities of raising Cabera from the

larva, had satisfied themselves that C. rotundaria was in fact but a variety.

Mr. S. Stevens exhibited some butterflies’ eggs, sent to him by Mr. Nathaniel Plant,

from Rio Grande. He was not able to give any further information concerning them.

Mr. W. Wilson Saunders exhibited the larva and pupa of Endomychus coccineus,

which had been recently taken in the neighbourhood of Reigate, under the bark. of a

log of elm which was lying on the ground. The larve were found fifty together, and were

apparently feeding on a white fibrous flocculent fungoid substance underneath the bark.

They bore a very close resemblance to the larve of some species of Coccinella. Many

of the perfect insects were found at the same time in company with the larve. It was

a curious question how the parent insect, when laying her eggs, discovered the presence

of the fungoid substance which was necessary for the sustenance of the larve to be

born. It could not be by sight, and Mr. Saunders thought it was most probably by

smell, which seemed to be the only sense that we know insects to possess to which such

a discovery could be attributed.

Mr. Saunders also exhibited a piece of a branch of dead wood from South Africa,

where it had been found by Mr. Cooper, tunnelled down the centre by a species of bee,

Xylocopa divisa. The tunnel was round, very neatly constructed, with a circular orifice

pierced through the bark, and was made for the purpose of nidification.

Mr. Saunders also exhibited two portions of the stem of a greenhouse creeper

(Tacsonia), to show the effect of the punctures of the common mealy bug (Coccus)

upon the bark. These punctures produce warty elevations, which are covered with a

whitish skin, and are internally green and somewhat succulent. When the punctures

are very numerous and the bark becomes covered with warts, the functions of the bark

appear to cease, and great injury to the plant ensues. Mr. Saunders made some

remarks on the desirability of a history of the insects peculiarly destructive to plants,

of which so many new discoveries had of late years been made.

Mr. Saunders also exhibited the female, the egg and the young larva (?) of Exta-

losoma Hopeéi, a rare and interesting insect of the family Phasmide, from the New

Hebrides. The eggs were polished, oval, of a dull mottled brown colour, and about

one-tenth of an inch in length. The larva escaped from the egg at one end, throwing

off from it a rounded operculum, in which was a deep circular impression. The larve

forwarded as those of E. Hopei had no resemblance to the perfect insect, and, although |

evidently of the family Phasmide, it seemed very doubtful whether they belonged to

the insect in question. They were long and thin in the body, with very long legs, and

short rather stout antenne. In the dried state they were of a dull black-brown

colour. ‘

Professor Westwood agreed with Mr. Saunders in doubting whether the larva could

be those of Extalosoma Hopei, and thought they must be the larve of one of the long-

legged species of Phasma.

Mr. Stainton exhibited a specimen of a Noctna new to the British Fauna, Toxo-

campa Cracce, W. V., a species stated by Guenée to feed on Vicia multiflora, and to

be common in Austria, Germany and France, in July and August. The specimen

exhibited had been taken, along with two or three others of Has same species, by the

Rev. E. Horton, on the north coast of Devonshire.

Dr. Knaggs exhibited a box of insects collected by Mr. James A. Carrighan, at

Ararat, Victoria.

The President exhibited a case containing a fine collection of insect architecture,

consisting of nests of bees, wasps and fossorial Hymenoptera. Amongst the more

remarkable was a nest of a species of Larra, which closely resembled a piece of sponge,

but which was no doubt composed of the scrapings of the stems and leaves of woolly

plants. This nest was attached to the under side of a leaf, though the species of the

genus to which the constructor of the nest belonged were usually burrowers in sandy

banks, &c. Nests of a species of Pelopwus, composed of the dung of animals and

attached to reeds, were also remarkable. The Pelopezi were the mud-daubers of North

America, but the nest exhibited was from Port Natal. Many specimens of exquisite

structure from Brazil were also exhibited, particularly the nests built by the wasps

comprised in the genus Polybia. Altogether the case contained upwards of a hundred

specimens of the architecture of insects.

The President also exhibited a Coleopterous insect which he characterized as not

only a species new to Britain, but as belonging to a genus bitherto not represented in

the British Fauna. The insect in question was brought to him by Dr. Power. Two

specimens had very recently been taken in the New Forest. It appeared to the Presi-

dent to be identical with the species which in the British Museum collection was

labelled “ Enduphbleeus spinosulus, Laér.”

Mr. Pascoe, Mr. Janson and Professor Westwood, however, doubted whether the

specimen exhibited were the true Endophlceus spinosulus of Latreille.

Mr. W. F. Kirby showed some specimen sheets of Dr. Hagen’s ‘ Bibliotheca Ento-

mologica,’ which it was expected would be published in July next, at the price of ten

shillings or thereabouts.

Dr. Wallace called the attention of the Meeting to a plan he had recently adopted

of mounting Micro-Lepidoptera. He employed common wax lights, simply rolled

and flattened out: they were at once soft and retentive of the small pins; portions

could be cut of any length that might be requisite to hold the number of specimens

which the collector placed in his cabinet, and the whole series of the insects be fixed

in the cabinet by means of a strong pin passing through either end of the flat strip of

wax. Dr, Wallace had found this plan very advantageous in moving large numbers

of specimens, and especially so in averting accidents from letting the insects fall. The

strip of wax acted as a parachute, and by its lightness averted the destruction which

might otherwise befall the specimens.

The Secretary read, on behalf of Mr. George Wailes, of Newcastle, the following

paper :—

Notes on Bembidium nigricorne, Gyll.

“ It may not be uninteresting if I state the source whence the specimens of Bem-

bidium nigricorne, Gyll., alluded to by Mr. Waterhouse at the Meeting of the Society

on the 6th of February, 1860, were derived, especially as the species has hitherto only

been recorded as captured in the Scandinavian district of Europe. I first took it in

this vicinity (Newcastle), in May, 1827, in some numbers, and not finding it agree

with any of the species described by Marsham, I waited till Mr. Stephens’ ‘ Tllustrations,’

then just commencing, had reached the Bembidiide. Being equally unable to identify

_ it with any of his descriptions I named it Tachypus nigripes, and during that and the

two or three following years distributed it amongst my correspondents under that name.

In this way the cabinets of Mr. Dale, Mr. Waterhouse, Mr. Babington, Mr. Sparshall,

Dr. Howitt, Mr. Rudd, Mr. Stephens, Mr. Curtis, and no doubt others, were supplied ;

and when I arranged my own cabinet of Coleoptera, on the appearance of the second

edition of Stephens’ ‘ Nomenclature, in 1833, I placed it there under the above name.

Here the specimens remained, and the circumstances had escaped my memory until

just before Mr. Waterhouse’s notice was read before the Society, when my old friend

Mr. Dale reminded me of them, saying he had forwarded a specimen to Mr. Water-

house.

“Tt would appear that Gyllenhal had detected the species before me, as his volume

was published in 1827. His description, as well as that of Jacquelin du Val, accords

very well with my specimens, though I cannot help thinking that my name was the

more appropriate one, as well as distinguishing it at once from Marsham’s rufipes.

“TI am sorry to trouble the Society with this trifling communication, but as our

‘Transactions’ afford the only printed means of intercourse with our continental

brethren I may perhaps be excused doing so.” *

Mr. Walker read a description of a new genus and species of Noctuites. The insect

described was unique. It was discovered at Halifax, Nova Scotia, by B. Piffard, Esq.,

and by him presented to the British Museum. It belonged to the family Glottulide

of Gueneée, and was described by Mr. Walker under the name of Phornacisa Piffardi.

Mr. W. F. Kirby read some “ Notes and Observations on the Lepidoptera Rhopa-

locera occurring in the county of Sussex,’ and exhibited some specimens in illus-

tration.

Captain Cox, after referring to certain letters and articles which had recently

appeared in the ‘ Times’ and other papers on the subject of the ravages committed by

Scolytus destructor, objected to some of the statements therein contained, and in par-

ticular to the assertions that this subject seemed scarcely to have received from scien-

tific men the attention it deserved, and that any method of prevention or cure seemed

to be unknown. Captain Cox reminded the Society of the nature, extent and successful

result of the experiments made by himself during the last twenty years, and maintained

that his plan of partially barking the affected trees was completely successful. He

said that he had that morning been with the First Commissioner of Public Works to

inspect the trees in the Parks, which were in a bad state.

Captain Cox also made some remarks on the injury done to the oaks by Sesia

Cynipiformis, and to the lime trees by Chrysoclysta Linneella, and suggested that the

lime trees should be treated in the same way as the elms which were attacked by Sco-

lytus. é

April 7, 1862.

F. Smiru, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations, &c.

donors :—‘ The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Vol. xxiii. Part 2;

presented by the Society. ‘ Kongliga Svenska Fregatten Eugenies Resa omkring

Jorden under befal af C. A. Virgin aren 1851—18653, Insekter, Parts 4 and 5; by

the Kong]. Svenska Akademien i Stockholm. ‘ Notes on the Generative Organs, and

on the Formation of the Egg in the Annulosa,’ by John Lubbock, Esq., F.R.S.; by

the Author. ‘The Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England,’ Vol. xxii.

Part 2; by the Society. ‘ Exotic Butterflies,’ Part 42 ; by W.W. Saunders, Esq., F.RB.S.,

&c. ‘Sitzungsberichte der Konig]. bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Min-

chen, 1861, ii. Heft 2; by the Academy. ‘ The Canadian Naturalist and Geologist,

Vol. vii. No.1; by the Natural History Society uf Montreal. ‘ The Zoologist’ for

April; by the Editor. ‘The Proceedings of the Royal Society, Vol. xi. No. 48; by:

the Society. ‘ The Intellectual Observer, No.3; by the publishers, Messrs. Groom-

bridge & Sons. ‘ Catalogus Coleopterorum Europe, auctore H.Schaum, Editio secunda

aucta et emendata ;’ by the Author. ‘TheAthenzum’ for March; by the Editor. ‘The

Literary Gazette’ for March; by the Editor. ‘The London Review’ for March; by

the Editor. ‘ The Journal of the Society of Arts’ fur March ; by the Society. ‘ Stettiner

Entomologische Zeitung.’ 1862, Nos. 1—3; by the Society ‘A List of British He-

miptera (Heteroptera), with Allied Species found in Northern and Central Europe

which may be expected to occur in Britain, by J. W. Douglas and John Scott; by

the Authors. ‘ List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of

the British Museum,’ by Francis Walker, F.L.S., Part XXIV., Geometrites (con-

tinued) ; by the Author. ‘ Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift stiftetgaf Henrik Kroyer, udgivet

af Prof. J. C. Schiddte; by the Editor.

The following addition to the Library, by purchase, was also announced :—‘ Rho-

palocera Africe Australis ; a Catalogue of South African Butterflies, comprising De-

scriptions of all the known Species, with Notices of their Larve, Pupz, Localities,

Habits, Seasons of Appearance, and Geographical Distribution, by Roland Trimen,

M.E.S.L., Part I., Papilionide, Pieride, Danaide, Acreide and Nymphalide.

Certificates in favour of W. H. L. Walcott, Esq., of 11, Vyvyan Terrace, Clifton,

Bristol, and David Sharp, Esq., of 14, Newcastle Street, Strand, as Members of the

Society, were read a first time, and ordered to be suspended in the Meeting Room,

Certificates in favour of George Robert Gray, Esq., the Rev. T. H. Browne, and

Alfred Haward, Esq., were read a second time.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Stevens exhibited a box of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera from the Cape of

Good Hope, and a specimen of Bryaxis Lefebvrei taken some years ago in the North

of England, probably in Cumberland.

Pseudogynous Specimen of Liparis dispar.

Mr. Stainton, on behalf of Mr. Newman, exhibited a pseudogynous specimen of

Liparis dispar, and read the following notes thereon by Mr. Newman :—

“ At page cxl. of the Appendix to the ‘ Zoologist’ for 1851 I have attempted to

differentiate four classes of phenumena usually comprehended and confounded under

the word ‘ hermaphfodite :’ one of these phenomena I have called Pseudogynism, that

is, falsely or imperfectly female. At that time I believed, and still believe, the pheno-

menon of pseudogynism chiefly confined to endosteate animals, and especially to the

ox tribe, in which they are familiarly known as free martins. I have now the plea;

sure of submitting to your notice a pseudogynous specimen of Liparis dispar, being

the first instance I have seen of pseudogynism among insects, or indeed among ex-

osteate animals. The sexual characters are most singularly blended ; the antenne

are those of a male; the outline of the wings is exactly as in a female; the spotted

cilia, so conspicuous in the fore wings, is a female character ; the termination of the

abdomen is female, and the sexual organs are so completely female that the specimen

now exhibited has been united for three hours with a male of the same species ; but,

although it lived for three days after the intercourse had taken place, no eggs were

laid, and the abdomen is hollow, never having contained eggs. I am indebted to

Mr. Parke, of Stanway Old Hall, near Halifax, for the opportunity of exhibiting this

singular and at present unique illustration of aberration from the usual order of

Nature.”

Dr. Wallace remarked that the circumstance of a female moth, in which no eggs

had ever been developed, having nevertheless united in copulation with a male, was

peculiarly interesting: he had frequently found that insects, whose appearance had:

been artificially forced by heat or otherwise, had their ovaries undeveloped ; but in

such cases he had never observed copulation to take place.

Orgyia Erice, &c.

Mr. Stainton exhibited a female of Orgyia Erice, a species not yet found in this

country, though possibly it might be expected on heaths in the South of England,

being not uncommon in the North of Germany and Belgium. He called attention to

the shortness of the legs, and remarked that his attention had been attracted to the

insect by a brief notice in the last volume of the ‘ Annales de la Sacieté Entomolo-

gique Belge, that this female did not quit the cocoon. It was well known that the

female of Orgyia antiqua came out of its cocoon, and that the female of O. Krice

should remain inside its cocoon seemed so extraordinary that he had been led

to refer to what had been observed respecting other females of this genus, and rather

to his surprise it had transpired that the non-exclusion from the cocoon of the female

Orgyia was the rule. The earliest notice had appeared in the ‘ Aunales de la Société

Entomologique de France’ in 1832, where Rambur had described O. rupestris, and

had remarked that the female never came out of the cocoon, but had intercourse with

the male through a hole at one end of the cocoon, and then deposited its eggs in the

interior of the cocoon. In the ‘ Annales de la Société Entomologique de France,’ in

1834, the Count de Saporta had made a similar observation with regard to O. trigo-

tephros, and had described very graphically the result of the laying of eggs by the

female, remarking that she seemed really to dissolve into eggs, for that after the eggs

were all laid there was nothing of the female left, for her remains were so small as to

be hardly perceptible. In the Stettin ‘ Entomologische Zeitung’ for 1858 a German

entomologist, of the name of Schmidt, had observed that none of his females of

O. Eric emerged from the cocoon, but not expecting such a habit, and being un- ~

aware of any previous similar observations, he had allowed them to remain and to die

in their cococns without any opportunity of pairing with the males. Herr Schmidt

had, with true caution, not ventured to announce this anomalous habit as an esta-

blished fact, but possibly as an accidental occurrence, which, however, rendered further

observations desirable. Dr. Breyer, of Brussels, had lately made further observations

respecting the female of O. Erice. But the most extraordinary observation that had

yet appeared was in the last number of the Stettin ‘ Entomologische Zeitung,’ where

there was an account of the habits of O. dubia (a species not uncommon in the South

of Russia), by Herr Christoph. The female of that species never left the cocoon; but

instead of the maie copulating with it through a hole at the end of the cocoon,

he went into the interior of the cocoon, and copulation took place there, after which

the male came out of the cocoon in a very deplorable condition, and not exactly fitted

for a cabinet specimen. Of the six European species of the genus Orgyia, of which

the females were known, it thus appeared that in four, the female never left the cocoon,

the only two in which the female emerged from the cocoon being O. antiqua and

O. gonostigma.

Mr. Stainton remarked that he had not himself had opportunities of observing the

habits of the female of O. gonostigma, but possibly some gentleman present might be

able to speak as to its quitting the cocoon. Looking at the specimens exhibited of

O. Erice, O. gonostigma and O. antiqua, it wonld appear that the development of the

legs in O. gonostigma was intermediate between the other two species; and doubtless

the habits of the species, in quitting or not quitting the cocoon, corresponded with the

greater or less development of the legs.

Mr. Shepherd stated that he had seen the living female of O. gonostigma, and that

it did leave the cocoon.

Note on Xenocerus semiluctuosus.

Mr. Pascoe exhibited Xenocerus semiluctuosus, one of the Anthribide from the

Moluccas, and read the following note thereon :—

“ T have brought for exhibition specimens of Xenocerus semiluciuosus, Blanch.,

two males and a female. The female differs remarkably from both, but one of the

males is in the normal condition; the other is an example of ‘ dimorphism’ ; it is,

in fact, so very different as to be readily taken for a distinct species. The whole

antenna is scarcely longer than the penultimate joint of the normal male, while that

joint in the dimorphous male is the shortest, if we except the first and third; indeed,

nearly all the joints vary in relative length to an extraordinary degree. The differ-

ences between the two forms are generally very striking, and I need not enlarge upon

them. Although I have seen specimens with the antenne shorter than in the normal,

and longer than in the dimorphous male, yet, so far as I know, there is a wide interval

between the two forms, which, however, it is not unlikely may be filled up. There are

four other species of Xenocerus known to me, and in each of them this dimorphous

form occurs. I have also noticed it in two species of the allied genus Mecocerus.

That a modification in one or other of some organs occasionally takes place in insects,

‘I have long been convinced. When drawing up the list of Longicornia for Sir

E. Tennent’s work on Ceylon, I was so satisfied that Olenecamptus serratus, Chev.,

was a modified form of the common O. bilobus, Fab., that I omitted it without hesi-

tation; and I think it not improbable that many mimetic forms, especially among the

Lepidoptera, are but cases of dimorphism, in some instances perhaps dependent on

second broods. In another direction it shows that characters relied on as of the

highest generic importance are in some cases not even of specific value.”

A conversation on the subject of “ dimorphism” ensued, in which Prof. Westwood,

Mr. Waterhouse, Dr. Wallace, Rev. Hamlet Clark and Mr. Pascoe took part. Prof.

Westwood recollected no instance of dimorphism in the. antenne, though instances of

dimorphism in other parts, as e.g. the mandibles, had for some time been known ; it

was not uncommon in insects which possessed a remarkable development, in the male,

of some particular organ (e.g. amoug the Lucanidz, Onthophagi, &c.), to meet with

specimens, in other respects of the male form, but which had that particular organ

reduced to the female form. It had been suggested in Kirby and Spence that such

specimens might be neuters; but Prof. Westwood regarded them rather as specimens

whose full development had by some means or other been retarded and left incom-

plete.

Mr. Pascoe considered that there were many forms differing only in a single

character from the characters of the male or female of well-established species, and

that such were not entitled to rank as species or even sub-species, but were in fact

only a third form.

Mr. Waterhouse thought that, in the division of insects to which reference had

been made, it was the rule that three forms existed—the normal male and female,

and the third intermediate, neuter or dimorphous, whatever its proper designation

might be.

The President exhibited a monstrosity of Chrysomela Banksii, captured last sea-

son; it had the extremity of the right hind leg cleft into three distinct members , thus

giving it very much the appearance of a bird’s foot.

The President also, after referring to an exhibition made by him at the previous

(March) Meeting of the Society, exhibited a living specimen of Endophlceus spinosu-

lus, Zatr. The insects, which had been captured by Mr. Turner in the New Forest,

proved, on further examination, to be the true E. spinosulus.

Mr. Smith also exhibited what had been sent to him by Mr. Turner as the larva

of Endophleus, but which, in Prof. Westwood’s opinion, was the larva of a Musca.

Mr. C. Fenn exhibited a specimen of Laphygma exigua, beaten from sallow-

blossoms at Lewisham, on the 24th of March last.

Note on Varieties.

Mr. Fereday exhibited some specimens of the genus Taniocampa, and read the

following observations on ‘ Varieties,” suggested by the exhibited specimens :—

“‘ At the Meeting of this Society held in August last year, two specimens of Lepi-

doptera were exhibited by me, which were pronounced by the more learned and expe-

rienced of the gentlemen then present to be varieties of Teniocampa muuda. Both

specimens were taken near Croydon, the one (a male) on the 29th of March, and the

other (a female) on the 6th of April last year. I did not feel at all satisfied of their

being specimens of T. munda, and it was on that account they were exhibited. There

seemed to me to be a peculiarity in their form, colour and general appearance, which I

could not reconcile with any variety of T. munda known to me ; and itis rather a singular

circumstance, if they are truly T. munda, that I should have taken two insects of that

species so much alike, and so widely differing from the ordinary type of ‘T. munda,

without meeting with one of the ordinary type or of any other description, although

I visited the same locality very many nights in March and April.

“I have, however, been able to commence an investigation, which I hope may

result in a satisfactory solution, of the ever-recurring question of distinct species and

varieties of Lepidoptera,—a solution which seems to me of considerable importance,

and to require but little trouble and attention to obtain; and I am surprised that

amongst so many Lepidopterists so little has been done towards promoting it. The

received opinions 9n the subject are, I believe, grounded upon theory only, and have

not been clearly proved to be correct ; and it does appear to me that we ought not to

accept as a fact anything which may be, but is not, established by direct and con-

clusive evidence.

“The female taken as before mentioned, on the 6th of April, 1861, produced a

few eggs. The eight insects placed in a line below it I propose, for convenience, to

call ‘ the specimens in question.’ | They are all the insects which I have been able to

obtain from those eggs, and it will be observed that they are all, without any exception,

as nearly as possible alike in colour, markings and general appearance, and only differ

from the female parent in being a shade lighter and less red in colour. The larve

were precisely similar to the larve of T. munda, so far as Dr. Knaggs and myself were

able to judge by comparison with larve of the ordinary type of T. munda reared at

the same time. Of the character of the male parent I am unfortunately ignorant,

—whether it was an insect of the ordinary type of T. munda, or similar to the female,

or otherwise,—the female having been already impregnated at the time she was

captured.

“ On the right of the specimens in question is a series of T. munda, the three top

specimens having been bred (as I am informed by Dr. Knaggs, who has kindly lent

them to me for comparison) from the eggs of a female of the ordinary type of

T. munda, and it will be observed that they vary considerably in colour and markings.

“ Messrs. Fenn have also lent me a long series of so-called ‘ varieties’ of

T. munda, collected by them from various sources.

“On the lid of the box are five specimens of T. instabilis, produced this year from

the eggs of one female ; and these also vary considerably.

“ But of all these so-called ‘ varieties’ there does not appear to be any evidence as

to the male parents; and a question presents itself very strongly to my mind, — How

are so-called ‘ varieties’ produced, and have we any positive proof of their being the

offspring of a male and female of one and the same species? I have not carried my

experiments sufficiently far to enable me to furnish any decided proofs in answer to

this question, and I am sorry that my departure to New Zealand will prevent my fol-

lowing up the experiments to any definite conclusion; but my friend Dr. Knages has

kindly undertaken, although not holding similar views to mine upon the subject, to

continue them, and is now feeding a quantity of larve produced from eggs which I

have been fortunate enough to obtain from one of the specimens in question, after her

copulation with her own brother. If these larve produce insects all alike, and similar

in colour and markings to their parents and to the other specimens in question, I

think it will afford a strong argument, in the absence of positive proof to the contrary,

that what are called ‘ varieties’ are in fact hybrids, the produce of the union of dis-

tinct species, and for the following reasons, viz., — If the assumed fact, that from the

union of a female of any particular species with a male of the same species a variety

of that species may be obtained, is correct, how would the absence of variety in this

instance be explained ? The specimens in question are said to be a variety of T. munda,

_a species described as particularly variable ; and yet here would be a case of two gene-

rations in which no variety was produced. If it is said that the tendency of a variety

of a species may be to propagate an offspring bearing its own type of colour and

markings, then how is a species to be distinguished from a variety? But it may

happen that the larve in question, now in the course of being reared, may produce a

variety of insects. In that case the fact of the existence of varieties will be proved by

the result of actual experiment, instead of resting, as [ apprehend it now does, upon

theory only. To prove that so-called ‘ varieties’ are varieties and not hybrids, I con-

tend that it is not sufficient to prove their descent from a particular female, but there

must be evidence of the male parent having been an insect of a precisely similar type

to that of the female parent, because, if the male varied from the female, the very

question upon which I raise an issue is again involved.

“I shall be glad to know if any one has actually obtained varieties of any species

of Lepidoptera from an union, which they have been able to prove, between a male

and female of one and the same species and type. _I do hope that some of the gen-

tlemen here present will try the experiment. My desire is to obtain actual and posi-

tive proof, the only ground upon which received facts in any science ought to stand.

“T make these observations with all due deference to the opinions of those who

have more experience and knowledge than myself, and shall be only too happy to be

corrected by them in any error I may have fallen into upon the subject.

“ T should observe that the specimens in question are not in such good condition

as bred specimens usually are, in consequence of their having been kept for some

time in the cage for the purpose of obtaining eggs; and I may also observe that their

larve were some of them fed upon sallow and some upon apricot, and that so far Mr.

Gregson’s statement, as to creating varieties of insects by feeding the larve on differ-

ent kinds of plants, is not borne out.”

Note on Argynnis Cybele and A. Aphrodite.

The Secretary read the following paper, by Mr. Walker, “ On Argynnis Cybele

and A. Aphrodite” :—

‘“‘T have received from Mr. Edwards, of Newburgh, U.S.A., a form of Argynnis

allied to Cybele and Aphrodite, which throughout this communication is spoken of as

No. 1. I wish to lay before the Society an extract from a letter addressed to me by

Mr. Edwards, which has some reference to the geographical distribution of species

or of varieties. Mr. Edwards writes as follows :—

“«T have not a doubt of there being in this region three allied species of Argynnis.

I have had before me a large number of Cybele, and of the No.1, from many

localities, and I have taken both myself in large numbers. The true Cybele is the

common species of the Southern States and of New Jersey. In the vicinity of New-

burgh, sixty miles north of New York, I find about as many of No. 1 as of Cybele.

In the Catskill mountains, fifty miles north of Newburgh, I took during last summer

only eight specimens of Cybele, while No. 1 was extremely abundant. From Con-

necticut and Massachusetts, from central New York and Canadz West, all I have

received have been No. 1. Ina long series of both species the differences are con-

stant and the distinctions plain. Cybele is larger, duller fulvous, and the fulvous is

(i)

not uniform, being lighter towards the hind margin and darker next to the base. The

under side of the hind wings of No. 1 is of a rich cinnamon-brown, and the space be-

tween the two outer rows of silver spots is always, so far as I have seen, encroached

on by the cinnamon colour. In Cybele this space is unclouded and immaculate, and

the basal colour is quite another shade of brown. The silvering of No. 1 is very de-

cided on the costa and on the abdominal margin. Kirby’s description of Aphro-

dite applies to No. 1. The figure in Westwood’s ‘ British Butterflies’ is that of

No. 1, and so is the description. Gosse, in his ‘ Canadian Naturalist, p. 229, 261,

speaks of two species as common, and which he had at first confounded. I do not

think that No. 2 is common in that part of Canada; I only took thirty specimens last

summer, though I looked for it carefully. This was in the Catskill mountains, and

the next locality from which we have it is among the Green mountains of Vermont,

and then the White mountains of New Hampshire ; so it seems to be a mountain

species in this latitude.’

“A. Cybele is much more different from Aphrodite than the latter is from No. 1,

and it seems to me that the three will be generally considered as forming only two

species, though some entomologists will describe them as three species, and others

will maintain that they are only three local varieties, and that No. 1 is the transition

from Cybele to Aphrodite. All the specimens in the British Museum are Cybele and

Aphrodite. I have placed No. 1 in the Museum for inspection ; it was forwarded to

me by letter, and is consequently much injured.”

Mr. F. Moore exhibited a collection, contained in fourteen drawers, of Asiatic

silk-producing moths, illustrated with specimens and figures of their several trans-

formations, and samples of the various raw and manufactured silks. Mr. Moore also

read a paper on those insects, in which he enumerated the whole of the Asiatic silk-

producing moths known to him, with remarks on their habits, localities, cultivation,

and the quality of the silk produced. He also gave the characters of a new genus

(Caligula), and described a new species of Neoris (N. Huttoni, Moore).

On the Restoration of Obsolete Names.

The Secretary read a paper by Dr. H. Schaum, “ On the Restoration of Obsolete

Names in Entomology,” in which the author assigned the reasons which induced him

not to adopt the names of Stephens and Marsham for many Coleoptera which conti-

nental authors had not been able to identify, but which the researches of Mr. Water-

house had shown to belong to species known on the Continent by names posterior in

date to the English authors. Dr. Schaum contended that the law of priority of no-

menclature was applicable, or at all events that a once-current name was to be

dropped and an older one restored, only when the publication of the earlier name was

accompanied by such a description of the insect as would give another entomologist a

reasonable probability, or at least some possibility, of recognizing the species from the

description. A description which did not come up to this standard was no description

at all, and names accompanied only by such nondescript descriptions were in fact

mere catalogue names, not entitled to priority.

Mr. Waterhouse, Prof. Westwood, Mr. Stainton, the Rev. Hamlet Clark and the

President combatted the views of Dr. Schaum, and argued in favour of the law of

priority of nomenclature as now received in this country. It seemed to be considered

that Dr. Schaum’s views were good in theory, but bad in practice; that it was impos-

sible to say where the line should be drawn between descriptions which did and those

which did not entitle a name to priority ; that what one entomologist would consider

to be a good description, by another would be considered faulty and untrustworthy ;

' that what in one age was a sufficient description became in a subsequent age insuffi-

cient, from the discovery of new species, and other reasons ; that the consequence of a

strict application ef Dr. Schaum’s rule would be the immediate abolition from our

lists of all or most of the Linnean and Fabrician names ; and lastly, that Dr. Schaum

had in some degree shown the impracticability of his rule by himself not having acted

up to it. In reference to some criticisms contained in the paper, on the descriptions

in Stephens’ works, and in Mr. Hope’s paper on insects brought from Nepaul by Gen.

Hardwick, in the ‘ Zoological Miscellany,’ Prof. Westwood remarked that Dr. Schaum

appeared to have forgotten that Stephens described his genera in two ways — first,

a few words of description to each genus, pointing out the principal characters ;

secondly, a synoptical table of the genera in each family, wherein the most minute

characters were noticed. As to Mr. Hope's descripticns, he might mention that

the paper on Nepaulese insects, as published, was a mere abstract of what Mr. Hope

wrote ; he knew it to be a fact that when the paper was written it was, for some

reason or other, inconvenient to give it at length in the ‘ Zoological Miscellany, and

the elaborate descriptions of Mr. Hope were cut down to the meagre half-dozens of

words which had incurred the censure of Dr. Schaum.

A new Part of the ‘ Transactions, Vol. i., 3rd series, Part I., was on the table,

ready for distribution among the members and subscribers.

May 5, 1862.

Freprerick Smitu, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

donors :—‘ Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, Vol. vi.

No. 22; presented by the Society. ‘The Zoologist’ for May; by the Hditor.

* Sitzungsberichte. der Konig]. bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Minchen;’

by the Academy. ‘Journal de la Societé Entomologique Belge,’ Tome v.; by the

Society. ‘The Intellectual Observer, No. 4; by Messrs. Groombridge & Sons.

‘ The Journal of the Society of Arts’ fur April; by the Suciety. ‘Tbe London Review’

for April; by the Editor. ‘The Atheneum’ for April; by the Editor. ‘The

Journal of Entomology, No. 5; by the Proprietors.

Election of Members.

George Robert Gray, Esq., the Rev. T. H. Browne, and Alfred Haward, Esq.,

were ballotted for and elected Members of the Society.

Vacancy in the Council:

The President announced that a vacancy had occurred in the Council by the

resignation of Dr. Knaggs; that the Council recommended to the Society the name

of Mr. Stainton for election to the vacant seat; and that the next ordinary Meeting

of the Society would be a Special General Meeting, for the purpose of electing a new

member of Council.

General Index to the Second Series of the ‘ Transactions.

The President also announced that the General Index to the Second or New Series

of the ‘ Transactions’ was on the table, ready for gratuitous distribution among the

Members and Subscribers who had paid Subscriptions for 1861.

Exhibitions.

Professor Westwood exhibited a box containing a number of illustrations of the

economy and transformations of various species of insects, which had recently been

presented to the Oxford Museum by Mr.S. Stone, of Brighthampton. Amongst these

were specimens of Volucella pellucens (together with its eggs and pup), reared from

the nest of the common wasp, on the larva of which the larva of the Volucella feeds,

- and on the outside of the nest of which the eggs are deposited. Also Anomalon Ves-

parum, Curt., reared from the comb of wasps’ nests: some of the insects did not

appear till the end of three years, as stated at a previous Meeting of the Society by

Mr. Stone. Also specimens of various galls and their makers, or the parasites by

which the makers were destroyed: amongst these was a beautiful white cottony mass,

found on the ground-ivy, from which a small adscitory ichneumon had been pro-

duced; also two Cecidomyia gails and their makers. Various illustrations of the

nests of insects made in the pith of bramble and elder twigs were exhibited, with the

insects reared from them, including several species of sawflies, three species of Cra-

bronidw, one Odynerus, together with species of Malachius, Dasytes and Anaspis.

Two beautiful varieties of Acronycta Alni were also contained in the box—one taken

at sugar, recorded in the ‘ Entomologist’s Intelligencer’ for 1856, and one bred on the

22nd of February, 1862, the larva having fed on whitethorn and alder.

The President said he had bred Anomalon Vesparum from Vespa rufa, but he un-

derstood that Mr. Stone’s specimens were bred from Vespa vulgaris; and it thus

appeared that the same parasite attacked two different species of wasp.

Referring to Mr. Newman’s exhibition, at the April Meeting of the Society, of a

pseudogynous specimen of Liparis dispar, Professor Westwood remarked that he

thought Mr. Newman’s statement, that the antenne were those of a male, was not

strictly accurate; the antenne were in fact intermediate between those of the male and —

female. Neither was the specimen exhibited by Mr. Newman unique, for the Berlin

Museum possessed a pseudogynous specimen of Liparis dispar, which had been de-

scribed and figured some years ago by Dr. Klug, and the figure had since been repro-

duced in several works published in this country.

Mr. F. Moore exhibited the cocoon of a new species of silkworm from Japan, pro-

bably allied to Bombyx Paphia; the siik was of a delicate pale green colour.

Mr. Lubbock exhibited the preparatory state of Psocus; the whole body of the

larva was covered with hairs having terminal bulbs, which retained the grains of sand

and other materials with which the creature came in contact, and this, coupled with its

greenish colour, made it very difficult to distinguish from the trees on the bark of which

it lived, and thus formed a protection from destruction. So completely was the body

covered with these hairs that even the immediate neighbourhood of the eyes was not

free from them ; the consequence was that a quantity of foreign matter collected on

and over the eye ; and thus the singular result was attained, that an animal having very

complicated eyes was at the same time provided with a complicated system to prevent

it from seeing.

Mr. Pascoe stated that the Ceutorhyncus biguttatus, Schon. Gen. et Spec. Curcul.

Vili. pars 2da, p. 158, was identical with the C. raphaelensis, Chev.

Reverting to the subject of “ dimorphism” discussed at the previous Meeting, Mr.

Pascoe said that, in the opinion of Mr. Bates, neuter ants were only dimorphous

females. Mr. Baly thought that everye species of Sagra had a dimorphous male.

The President said that he had in some cases found two forms of worker ants, which

would make four forms instead of three. Mr. Lubbock would be glad to know pre-

cisely what was meant by dimorphism : no one denied that in certain orders of insects

there were developed females and undeveloped females, or neuters or workers: was

“ dimorphism” anything more than a new name applied to an old-established fact ?

Mr. Stevens exhibited a new species of Eudicella from Ovampo Land (South-

Western Africa), and the nest of a trap-door spider (Actinopus) from Afghanistan.

Sir John Hearsey exhibited a collection of Noctuide and other Lepidoptera from

India, and remarked upon the apparent identity of some of them with British species.

Amongst them were specimens of Deiopeia pulchella, exactly similar to British spe-

cimens. Sir John said that that species was common in India: he remembered

introducing from England the seeds of a plant never before taken to India; as scon

as the plants grew up they were attacked by the larva of this moth, and he bred (he

thought) as many as 500 specimens of the perfect insect.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited a series of the British species of the genus Tychius, in

illustration of the paper mentioned below.

Papers read.

Mr. Lubbock read a paper “ On the Larva and Pupa of Lonchoptera.” It con-

tained an elaborate description of the Dipterous larva of which Mr. Lubbock had ex-

hibited a drawing at the February Meeting of the Society. Since that time he had

obtained more specimens of the larva and the pupa, which also was minutely described.

From two of the pupe there had emerged two specimens of a species of Lonchoptera,

probably L. lutea.

With reference to the description of the pupa, Prof. Westwood remarked that he

could not understand a Dipterous pupa without traces of thejlimbs lying on the breast.

Mr. Lubbock’s observations were full of interest, and he trusted they would be con-

tinued.

Mr. Waterhouse read “ Descriptions of the British Species of the Genus Tychius.”

The number of species described was eleven, being two more than were enumerated

in Mr. Walton’s Catalogue ; of these two, one had, by British Coleopterists, been con-

founded with T. Schneideri, and the other (T. brevicornis of the paper) was apparently

undescribed. A brief abstract of the characters of the less clearly distinguished ‘spe-

cies was thus furnished by the author :—

1. 7. hematocephalus, Schonh. Of this insect only two supposed British speci-

mens appear to be known—one in Kirby’s collection, which was received from Mr.

Spence; the other in the collection of Mr. Wollaston, to whom it was given, with

other small Coleoptera, as having been taken in the Isle of Wight.

2. T. 5-punctatus, Linn.

3. T. polylineatus, Germ., Schonh. This insect is also described by Schonherr, in

his ‘Supplement’ (vol. vii. p. 311), as T. lineatulus, Kirby, from English specimens

sent by Mr. Walton ; but the somewhat obtuse tooth of the hinder femora is over-

looked, and I have no doubt that T. lineatulus and T. polylineatus will be found

identical. With regard to the name lineatulus, as applied to different species of

Tychius, there is evidently great confusion. The following abstract from my notes

I think will be found correct :—

T. lineatulus of Schonh. (not of Kirby) = T. polylineatus, Germ., Schdnh.

T. lineatulus of Kirby’s MSS. and collection =T. Schneideri, Schdnk.

T. lineatulus of Stephens’ ‘ Illustrations’ = T. Schneideri (part) and Miccotro-

gus picirostris (part).

T. lineatulus of Stephens’ collection = T. polylineatus (part) and Miccotrogus

picirostris (part).

T. lineatulus of Germar = T. nigrirostris of Walton’s Catalogue, and perhaps

also the T. tibialis, Schonh.

The T. polylineatus of Schonh., in our collections, is generally, if not always,

labelled “ Schneideri,’ and is sometimes mixed with the true T. Schneideri. The

name lineatulus is given as synonymous with Schneideri both in Walton’s Catalogue

and that of Dr. Schanm.

4. T. venustus, Fab.

5. T. Kirbit (T. flavicollis, var. 8., Schonh.; T. flavicollis, Walton, in the British

Museum Collection, not of Kirby or Stephens). Oblong-ovate, pitchy, densely

clothed with broad ochraceous scales, those on the under parts and on the suture of

the elytra whitish; rostrum, antenne and legs testaceous; thorax rounded and con-

tracted in front, the sides behind the middle line very nearly straight and parallel ;

elytra ample, with the humeral angles somewhat prominent, distinctly striated as seen

denuded of the scales, and of a rufous colour, excepting at the base; rostrum long,

nearly straight and cylindrical ; posterior femora dentate in both sexes. Consider-

ably smaller than T. venustus, which it most nearly approaches in form, and distinctly

larger than either of the following species.

The above species all have some at least of the femora dentate: the following

species have unarmed femora.

6. T.junceus, Germ., Schonh. Oblong-ovate, pitchy (the elytra posteriorly more

or less red), densely clothed: with elongate yellowish scales ; rostrum distinctly arched,

gradually attenuated from the base to the point of insertion of the antenne, then

rather more distinctly attenuated and somewhat pointed, especially in the males; an-

tenn, legs and the greater part of the rostrum testaceous ; thorax with the sides dis-

tinctly rounded ; elytra striato-punctate. General form shorter and more inclined to

ovate than the following species. Schonherr’s description of T. flavicollis, as it

appears to me, belongs almost entirely to this species.

7. T. tomentosus, Germ., Schonh. Oblong, pitchy black (the apex of the elytra

~ more or less rufescent), above clothed pretty densely with elongate pale yellowish

scales, with filiform scales on the strie of the elytra, and a few broad while scales on

the suture; rostrum stout, very little bent, and of very nearly uniform width through-

out; the apex only rufescent ; sides of the thorax very little rounded; elytra distinctly

striated; antenne and legs testaceous; the femora more or less clouded with dusky,

rarely entirely dark. More elongate than the preceding species, and is readily dis-

tinguished by its rostrum being stouter (the greater part dark coloured), less bent and

having the apex not attenuated. The scales on the elytra are, moreover, of three

distinct forms, whereas in T. junceus there is scarcely a perceptible difference in any

of the scales. In the preceding species the anterior tibia are unarmed in either sex:

in the following four species the anterior tibie of the males have a tooth or spine on

the middle of the inner side. . :

8. T. Schneideri (Herbst), Schonh. Oblong, rather broad and but moderately

convex; pitcby black; above pretty densely clothed with piliform, and for the most

part ash-coloured scales, with broader white scales along the middle of the thorax,

most abundant behind, and with broad snow-white scales on the suture of the elytra ;

antenne at the base, tibie and tarsi ferruginous; rostrum thickish, bent and cylin-

drical; femora but little incrassated. The alternate interstices of the strie of the

elytra are often paler (sometimes whitisb) than the others. The tuoth on the anterior

tibia of the male is but little prominent, smaller, shorter and less convex than ia

T. polylineatus; general hue darker, being of a plumbeous gray; the scales much

narrower, and furthermore distinguished by the unarmed femora and by the toothed

anterior tibie of the male.

9. T. Meliloti (Kirby), Stephens, Germar, Schonh., Walton. Oblong, pitchy black

(the apex of the elytra often rufescent), above clothed with yellowish elongated scales ;

rostrum arched, attenuated, and the part anterior to the antenne somewhat depressed ;

antenna, tibiz and tarsi, as well as the apex of the rostrum testaceous; thorax con-

stricted in front; the sides nearly parallel; elytra distinctly striated, and with the

humeral angles rather prominent; legs, comparatively, rather slender; the anterior

tibiz with an acute tooth on the inner side, in the male sex. About equal in size to

T. tomentosus and Miccotrogus picirostris, but a little broader than the last-mentioned

insect.

10. T. nigrirostris, Walton Catal. (7. tibialis, Schouh.?). Oblong, black, rather

sparingly clothed with subpiliform ashy white scales; the scape and first joint of the

funiculus of the antenne, the tarsi and apical portion of the tibie rufo-testaceous ;

rostrum rather slender, linear and but little arched; elytra distinctly striated. Male

with an acute tooth on the inner side of the anterior tibie. Of the very narrow

scales on the elytra of the insect there are usually but two rows on the interstices of

the strize, and viewed under an ordinary lens the elytra appear to have whitish striz ;

on the strie themselves is a single row of still more slender scales; the posterior

margin of the thorax is edged with broader white scales, and similar scales are

scattered along the suture. In size, form and general appearance extremely like

Miccotrogus picirostris. Schonher’s description of T. tibialis agrees very closely

with this insect, but no mention is made of the dentate tibiz of the male; possibly he

only possessed the female.

11. T. brevicornis (N. sp.). Minute; oblong, black, rather sparingly clothed with

very narrow scales as in the preceding species ; the base of the antenne (including the

scape and two of the joints of the funiculus), the tibize and tarsi rufo-testaceous ; the

third joint of the funiculus slightly transverse, the others gradually broader, though

searcely longer, the last joints very strongly transverse. Anterior tibi (in the male?)

with an obtuse tooth on the inner side. About half the bulk of the medium-sized

specimens of Tychius picirostris. Most closely resembles the preceding species, from

which it can scarcely be said to differ, excepting in its very small size, and the com-

paratively short antenne ; the scape is relatively shorter and more clavate; and the

separate joints of the funiculus are decidedly shorter when corresponding joints are

compared. I have seen but three specimens of this insect; one specimen I found at

Hawkhurst, in Kent, in the month of April, 1860; a second I took at Gravesend, in

the following year, in the month of May; and the third is in Mr. S. Stevens’ collec-

tion: they all have an obtuse tooth on the inner side of the anterior tibie.

June 2, 1862.

Freperick Smitu, Esq., President, in the chair.

Election of Member of Council.

The Secretary read the notice summoning the members to a Special General

Meeting, for the purpose, of electing a member of Council in the place of Dr. Knaggs,

resigned ; and the Meeting having been made a Special General Meeting, the Presi-

dent appointed Messrs. Baly and Wilkinson to act as Scrutineers ; a ballot was taken,

and H. T. Stainton, Esq., was unanimously elected a member of the Council of the

Society.

Election of Members.

The Meeting having resumed as an Ordinary Meeting, W. H. L. Walcott, Esq.,

and David Sharp, Esq., were severally ballotted for and elected Members of the

Society.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

donors: —‘ Memoir of the Rev. John Stevens Henslow, M.A., F.L.S., F.G:S.,

F.C.P.S., late Rector of Hitcham, and Professor of Botany in the University of Cam-

bridge,’ by the Rev. Leonard Jenyns, M.A., F.L.S., F.G.S., F.C.P.S.; presented by

the Author. ‘Schriften der Koniglichen Physikalisch-dkonomischen Gesellschaft zu

Konigsberg, Zweiter Jahrgang, 1861, Erste und Zweite Abtheilung’ ; by the Society.

‘The Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, and Proceedings of the Natural-History

Society of Montreal, conducted by a Committee of the Natural-History Society,’ Vol.

vii. No. 2; by the Society. ‘The Zoologist’ for June ; by the Editor. ‘The Journal

of the Society of Arts’ fur May ; by the Society. ‘The London Review’ for May; by

the Editor. ‘ Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, Vol. vi. No. 23;

by the Society.

The addition to the Library, by purchase, of Jacquelin Du Val’s ‘ Genera des Co-

lévptéres d’ Europe’ was also announced.

Exhibitions, &¢.,

The Secretary read a letter addressed to him by Charles Barton, Esq., of Rope

Hill, Lymington, requesting an explanation of a phenomenon he had observed in his

garden on the 21st ult.: the leaves of all the shrubs and plants were covered with

dust, which, with a half-inch object-glass, was found to consist of globules of one size,

like small pearl-barley ; with a quarter-inch object-glass these globules resembled the

ova of fish, but were not perfectly globular, being indented on one side. Some laurel

leaves, having some of the globular masses upon them, were exhibited to the meeting.

It was suggested by Mr. Saunders that most probably the dust consisted of the pollen

of some coniferous tree.

Prof. Westwood exhibited a dry dollodion plate, on the coating of which-—con-

sisting of gelatine, collodion, nitrate of silver and tannin — considerable devastation

had been committed by Blatta orientalis; and in reference thereto read the following

extract from a letter addressed by W. G. Ormerod, Esq., of Chagford, to Mr. Spence

Bate :—* The enclosed may possibly interest you as an entomologist, one of the

‘ ologies’ that I have not dabbled with. I find that the black beetles are particularly

fond of dry collodion plates, in the progress from wet to dry, when reared in a box in

a dark cupboard. Several had suffered before I found out the cause. At last I caught

one black beetle in the act. The animal seems to have been particularly fond of the

thick collodion, by the way he has cleared it off at the corner: the alternate action

of the mandibles seems very clear.”

Prof. Westwood remarked that this was not the first instance he had known of

insects exhibiting a partiality for chemical substances, and mentioned the case of a

species of Ptinus which was found at Knightsbridge, in great ULL, ‘congregated in

a bottle full of chemical solution.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited specimens of Scraptia nigricans, Ste., bred from rotten

oak wood, in the neighbourhood of London ; and of Trichonyx sulcicollis, one. of the

Pselaphide, taken also in the vicinity of London, by Messrs. Douglas and Scott.

The President exhibited six specimens of Pentarthrum Huttoni, Woll., taken by

Mr. Reading in the Plymouth district ; and read the following extract from a letter

received from Mr. Reading :—

“ The history of the enclosed specimens is simply this:—I purchased some mate-

rial used in gardening operations, amongst which was a cask of light construction,

made of birch with hazel hoops, in the stems and hoops of which this insect was

found. The cask had been stowed away in an out-house, with various kinds of wood

used for burning. There were but four examples of this insect known to Science pre-

vious to the capture of these, and they, too, were taken in Devonshire; so that this

insect is purely Devonian. It was described by Mr. Wollaston in the ‘ Annals and

Magazine of Natural History’ for August, 1854, to which I beg to refer all those who

feel interested in the history of the species. After you have shown the specimens to

the Meeting, will you be pleased to present a pair of them to the Entomological So-

ciety, also a pair to the British Museum, and a pair to the collection of the Entomo-

logical Club.”

Mr. W. F. Kirby exhibited a specimen (the second) of Brahmea Hearseyi, White.

Mr. White exhibited it at the Zoological Society a few months ago, and said that it

confirmed the characters by which he had separated the species from the Certhia,

Fab.: it was found in a collection of insects received direct from India.

Mr. Kirby also exhibited a magnificent female specimen of Parnassius Clarius, a

tare species inhabiting various chains of mountains in Asiatic Russia, and coming

nearer to P. Nordmanni than to any other European species.

Prof. Westwood said that at the close of the Exhibition of 1851 he had drawn up

and read a report of the insect products exhibited: he had not yet had an opportunity

of going fully through the present International Exhibition, but he thought it might

be agreeable to the members of the Society if he pointed out what of an entomologi-

cal nature had already attracted his attention. Of the collections from foreign

countries, he might mention those from Canada and South Australia, the latter, how-

ever, not very good ; and a collection of insects of all orders from Guiana, the most

remarkable of which was a species of Paussus, probably a new genus, but unfor-

tunately the antenn@ were broken, so that it was impossible to say whether they were

10- or 8-jointed. Of the exhibitions of an economical kind, the best was one in the

North Gallery of the French compartment, which had been formed by monks for edu-

cational purposes ; there were also among the French exhibitions some magnificent

Lepidoptera, including the silk-producing species of Bombyx, of which Mr. Moore

had exhibited the cocoon at the last Meeting of the Society. The silk products from

India were very well and fully represented. Among the South-Australian collection

was a magnificent Astacus in spirits, as large as a good-sized lobster, and with its

body covered with spines. Prof. Westwood thought that the bee products were not so

well represented as in 1851.

Mr. W. W. Saunders, in addition to the objects of attraction mentioned by Prof.

Westwood, directed the attention of members to the Brazilian collection, and also to

the exhibition of the ravages of a species of Botys, which was peculiarly destructive to

hemp.

The President exhibited specimens and magnified drawings of Myrmecocystus

mexicanus, and read the following notes thereon :—

“ IT have this evening an opportunity of exhibiting specimens of a very remarkable

ant from Mexico—the Myrmecocystus mexicanus of Wesmael, described in the fifth

volume of ‘ Bulletins de Academie de Bruxelles, 1838. The workers of this singu-

lar ant are of two very distinct forms, one being of the ordinary description, like our

wood ant (Formica rufa), active, and performing the-necessary duties in the formica-

rium ; the other, which is the larger worker, is inactive, and does not quit the nest,

their sole purpose apparently being to elaborate a kind of honey, which they are said

to discharge into prepared receptacles; this constitutes the food of the entire popula-

tion of the community. In the honey-secreting workers the abdomen is distended into

a large globose bladder-like form, much too large for the creatures to drag about with

them ; the head, thorax, and basal segment of the abdomen are extremely like the

Formica sanguinea. The male and female I have not seen, but they are described as

resembling the same sexes of most of our common European ants. The specimens that

T row exhibit were sent to me by Dr. Pagenstecher, of Heidelberg: from him I

learned that the ants—that is, the honey-secreting individuals—are collected and

regularly sold in the markets in Mexico, and that from the honey which is expressed

from them a very agreeable liquor or drink is manufactured. In Mexico the ant is

called Hormigas miéleras, or moihileras, that is, honey ants, or pouched ants.

“ Tt will perhaps be in the recollection of members of the Society that I described,

in the second volume of the ‘ Proceedings of the Linnean Society, a species of ant

which I named Crematogaster inflatus, from the fact of its having a remarkable

bladder-like receptacle on the hinder part of the thorax: this receptacle is furnished

with a minute aperture at the posterior part on each side; on opening one of these

bladders it was found to contain a crystallized mass, which to the taste resembled

sugar. This ant was from Singapore and Borneo. I consider this a more remarkable

insect than the Myrmecocystus mexicanus. Many insects are known to elaborate

honey or sweet fluids, the Aphides for instance ; but in all previous cases the abdomen

has formed the receptacle, whereas in Crematogaster inflatus it is situated on the

metathorax.”

The Secretary read, on behalf of Mr. Newman, the following paper, entitled

Varieties versus Hybrids.

“‘ At the March Meeting of the Society, Mr. Fereday read a paper of extreme inte-

rest, on variation in the coloration or ornamentation of certain Lepidoptera which he

exhibited, and argued that the discrepancy between the specimens in question, and

the insect in its normal or typical phase, probably resulted from the male and female

being referable to different species, although we all know that it is generally assumed

that the male and female progenitors of a moth are invariably of the same species.

To such an assumption Mr. Fereday objects that ‘ we ought not to accept as a fact

anything which may be, but ts not, established by direct and conclusive evidence.’

Without attempting to deny the primd facie value of this axiom, I may perhaps be

allowed to state that we accept, on theoretical grounds only, many conclusions that

are not susceptible of proof by direct evidence ; and that we shall continue to do so

as long as such minds as those of Galileo, Newton and Cuvier are from time to time

permitted to enlighten us; indeed, unless we theorize on very slender knowledge, we

shall remain in utter ignorance of much that now passes for sound philosophy. Mr.

Fereday proceeds further to support his idea of hybridism by objecting to our forming

any conclusions about parentage without positive evidence. These are his ex-

pressions : — ‘ To prove that the so-called “ varieties” are varieties and not hybrids, I

contend that it is not sufficient to prove their descent from a particular female, but

that there must be evidence of the -male parent having been an insect of a precisely

similar type to that of the female parent ; because, if the male varied from the female,

the very question upon which I raise an issue is again involved.’ I do not object that

Mr. Fereday should lay the onus probandi on those who adopt an opposite theory ; but

if this be fair and logical, then a moment's reflection will convince any one that the con-

verse is equally fair and logical, and that the onus probandi may also be laid fairly and

logically on the advocates of the hybrid hypothesis : for the sake of example :—‘ To prove

that the so-called “ hybrids” are hybrids, I contend that it is not sufficient to prove

their descent from a particular female, but there must be evidence of the male parent

having been an insect of a species totally distinct from the female parent, &c.’ I will

further illustrate this: let Mr. Fereday fix on an abnormal specimen of Arctia caja,

Abraxas grossulariata, or any other, I care not what species, so that it be liable to

great variation, and its maternal parentage known, —say a drab caja or a white gros-

sulariata,—and then let him find a papa for it in some other species; it matters not

whether totally discordant or closely allied ; thus were he to discover that one of the

quakers, as Moses Harris prettily called the Teniocampe, had been too familiar with

the lady tiger, more properly tigress, and that her tell-tale little ones had thus been

suffused with drab, or had he detected a Pontia Rape male, or even a Scoria dealbata

male, paying delicate attentions to Abraxas grossulariata female, we could per-

haps believe that those nuptially-adorned specimens of the last-named insect resulted

from illicit intercourse; but surely we who believe in varieties, and who call them

varieties, are rather hardly treated when we are told that we must prove that these—

what shall I call them? — these eccentricities of genius do not exist. I wish Mr.

Fereday to show that they do exist. I am quite sure that if I thought so I

should try to prove it, and not lay on the shoulders of another the onus of proving a

negative. In our domestic animals (the horse, ox, rabbit, guinea pig, dog, cat, &c.)

the coloration or ornamentation varies quite as much as in the tiger or currant moth,

and exactly in the same way, that is, in the excess or absence of some particular

colour, as black, yellow or white ; yet we suspect no hybridism, for in every instance

the male parent is known to be specifically the same as the female. Indeed,

varieties are scarcely subject to our control at all; for, whatever Mr. Gregson,

who may be called the victuals-doctor, may say to the contrary, I don’t think

he could produce a stock of red Herefordshire cattle out of black Highland stots,

were he to feed them for generations on carrots; neither can I believe that the

hybrid theory will ever be established by actual experiment. Those who see one

tortoiseshell in a litter of tabbies, or one self-coloured example reared from a batch of

tiger’s eggs, need not, as I conceive, trouble themselves to detect improprieties on the

part of the mother, or assume the consumption of unusual or unwholesome food by

either parent or offspring. Varieties will occur ; and should we seek an explanation

of them, we must investigate the subject with much greater care than we have

hitherto done.”

Mr. Waterhouse read a paper entitled “ Observations upon the Nomenclature

adopted: in the recently-published ‘ Catalogue of British Coleoptera,’ having reference

more especially to remarks contained in Dr. Schaum’s paper ‘ On the Restoration of

Obsolete Names in Entomology.’ ”

Mr. W. F. Kirby read a paper “ On the Specific Distinctions of Colias Boothii

and Heela,’ and the following description of Cenonympha Mandane :—

“‘ During the extensive examination I have had to make lately of the collection of

Rhopalocera in the British Museum, I have met with two specimens of a Cono-

nympha which appears to me to be new. I therefore describe it under the name of

Canonympua MANDANE, 2. sp.

Alis anticis fulvis obscurioribus ; posticis fuscescentibus, subtus lined argented ;

fimbriis omnibus auranitiacis.

This species expands an inch and three or four lines. Fore wings dull fulvous or

tawny, shading off into brown towards the hind margins; hind wings brown, with a

few small marginal orange eyes in one specimen. A narrow orange line close to the

fringe on all the wings. Fringes ashy gray. Under side of the fore wings uniform

dull fulvous ; hind margin ashy gray, the orange line fading into it towards the tip.

Under side of the hind wings brown, greenish at the base; the orange fringe edged

internally by a silvery line, within which are three or four small eyes with silvery

pupils. In the centre of the wing the pale band usual in the genus Ceenonympha is

represented by two large spots. Nearer the base, on the costa, is another small eye

with a silvery pupil.

Habitat, Polish Ukraine.”

Mr. W. Wilson Saunders said the President and Council of the Society had

accepted an invitation to spend the day with him in the neighbourhood of Reigate on

the 8th of July, and invited every member and subscriber to meet the President and

Council on that occasion.

A new Part of the ‘ Transactions, Vol. i., 3rd series, Part II., was on the table.

July 7, 1862.

FREDERICK SMITH, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

donors : —‘ Hore Societatis Eutomologice Rossice variis Sermonibus in Rossia usi-

tatis edit, Fasciculus primus ; presented by the Entomological Society of Russia.

‘ Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, Vol. iv., Parts V. and VI.; Vol. v., Parts I., IL. and

IIJ.; by the Entomological Society of the Netherlands. ‘Memorias de la Real Aca-

demia de Ciencias de Madrid, Tom. iii., iv., v. ‘Resumen de las Actas de la

Real Academia de Ciencias de Madrid, 1852—1859; by the Academy. ‘ Verhand-

lungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien,

Vol. xi., Parts I., I1., IIT. and IV. ‘Nachtrage zu Maly’s Enumeratio plan-

tarum phanerogamicarum imperii Austriaci universi, von August Neilreich, heraus-

gegeben von der K. K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien; by the

Zoological-Botanical Society of Vienna. ‘ Der Aufenthalt auf Manila wahrend

der Weltreise der K. K. Fregatte Novara, von G. Ritter v. Frauenfeld; ‘ Ueber

die sogenannte Sagspan-See beobachtet wahrend der Weltreise der Novara,’ von

G. Ritter v. Frauenfeld ; ‘ Kine fiir Oesterreich neue Trypeta, von G. Ritter v.

Frauenfeld; ‘ Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Insekten-Metamorphose aus dem Jahre

1860, von G. Ritter vy. Frauenfeld ; ‘ Dritter Beitrag zur Fauna Dalmatiens, nebst

einer Ornithologischen Notiz, von G. Ritter v. Frauenfeld ; ‘ Weiterer Beitrag zur

Fauna Dalmatiens, von G. Ritter v. Frauenfeld ; by the Author. ‘ Sitzungsberichte

der Konig]. bayer. Akad. der Wissenschaften zu Munchen, 1861,’ ii. Heft III.; by

the Academy. ‘Monographia Cassididarum, auctore Carolo H. Boheman, tom.

quartus, Supplementum; by the Author. ‘The Natural History of the Tineina,’

Vol, vii. (Bucculatrix and Nepticula), by H. T. Stainton, assisted by Prof. Zeller,

J. W. Douglas and Prof. Frey ; by H. T. Stainton, Esq. ‘ A Treatise on some of the

Insects injurious to Vegetation,’ by Thaddeus William Harris, M.D., third edition ;

by the Boston Society of Natural History. ‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society, Vol.

xii. No. 49; by the Society. ‘ The Intellectual Observer, Nos. 5 and 6; by Messrs.

Groombridge & Sons. ‘ Exotic Butterflies, Part XLIII.; by W. Wilson Saunders,

Hsq. ‘The Zoologist’ for July ; by the Editor. ‘The Atheneum’ for May and

June; by the Editor. ‘The London Review’ for June; by the Editor. ‘ The

Journal of the Society of Arts’ for June; by the Society.

Exhibitions.

The President exhibited a box of galls, which had been forwarded to him from

Germany, together with the mzkers of many of them, named in accordance with the

nomenclature adopted in Hartig’s work on gall insects. One of the species was

Cynips Kollari, hitherto erroneously called in this country C. lignicola. Of this spe-

cies the President remarked that about three years ago it appeared in the woods near

London, especially on the north side, in very large numbers ; but in the second year

of its appearance the tomtits had discovered that each gall contained a fine fat

grub, and the result was that it was now difficult to obtain a perfect gall. Mr.

Walker corroborated Mr. Smith’s account both of the appearance and the approxi-

mate extermination of the species in the woods near Highgate; and Prof. Westwood

expressed a hope that the fact would be made known as widely as possible, since it

afforded an additional argument to the many already produced in opposition to the

indiscriminate slaughter of small birds.

Prof. Westwood ee specimens of Acarus domesticus, DeG. (A. Siro, Linn.),

found by Dr. Maddoxs*of ‘Woolston, Southampton, in a nitrate of silver bath prepared

for photographic purposes ; and suggested that Mr. Andrew Crosse’s wonderful crea-

tion of Acari might probably be explained on the hypothesis that, in that case as in

this, the insects had been attracted by some.of the chemical ingredients employed.

He also exhibited some photographs of insects sent to him by Mr. Dale, the execution

of which was so good that, notwithstanding a certain haziness, the specific distinctions

of even small species were recognizable: many of the insects photographed were

gummed on card, which spoiled the effect; but when they were pinned high, and had

the wings flat and horizontal, the result was so successful that the Professor thought

that for large insects, and especially for Neuroptera, photography might well be

employed for the publication of figures ; but that for smaller species it would perhaps

only be useful in taking representations, from which the draftsman might afterwards

make magnified drawings.

Prof. Westwood also exhibited a continuation of the series of illustrations of the

economy and transformations of insects, presented to the new Museum of Oxford by

S. Stone, Esq., of Brighthampton, near Witney. Amongst them were specimens of

the preparatory and perfect states of several species of dragon flies ; the cocoons and

perfect states of Trichiosoma Lucorum and its parasites (two species of Ichneumonidz),

and Prof. W. stated that many years ago he had reared a perfect imago of this Tri-

chiosoma from a cocoon which also contained within it a few cocoons of a small

ichneumon, which had consequently not succeeded in killing the Trichiosoma larva.

Also several other small species of Tenthredinide and Crabronide, reared from bram=

ble twigs, the pith of which had been bored into by the larve of the former, and by

the parent wasps of the latter; also several species of galls and other insects, and

various leaf-mining insects of different orders, including a species of Orchestes ; also

the cocoon and imago of a species of Hemerobius, and the pupa-skin and imago of a

Raphidia, the pupa having been found in a burrow in the pith of a twig, where pro-

bably it had fed upon the larva by which the burrow had been made. Mr. Stone had

also forwarded a large number of illustrations of the operations of leaf-mining insects

of different kinds ; and Prof. Westwood added that he had also received from Mr.

Varney a series of specimens, carefully prepared, of leaves of a great number of

garden plants of different kinds, which had been attacked by the leaf- cutter bee.

Mr. Stainton exhibited two species of Micropteryx, both bred by Mr. Wilkinson,

of Scarborough; M. Salopiella from birch, and M. subpurpurella from oak. Mr.

Wilkinson had unfortunately not observed the pupa, and was consequently unable to

~ corroborate or add to the description given by Mr. Stainton at a former Meeting.

Mr. Pascoe read the following

Note on Stenidea, Muls., and Blabinotus, Woll.

“In the last number of our ‘ Transactions’ (Vol. i. third series, p. 178) Mr. Wol-

laston, following Mr. Thomson, who has also been followed by Dr. Schaum, in his

new ‘Catalogue,’ makes the genus Stenidea, Muls., synonymous with Blabinotus of the

first-named author. This is an error which I pointed out some time ago to Mr.

Thomson, and I am only surprised that Mr. Wollaston did not see that a Longicorn

genus, with a porrect head and securiform palpi, could have nothing to do with the

Saperdides. Stenidea is very close to Pogonocherus among the Lamiide, where Mul-

sant originally placed it. Blabinotus is a Callidium form, belonging therefore to the

Cerambycide, and was placed by Mr. Wollaston, in his ‘ Inseéta Maderensia,’ imme-

diately after Phymatodes, which is about its correct position. I scarcely know, how-

ever, how the genus is to be distinguished from Oxypleurus, except it be by its

smaller and less emarginate eyes. I may add that Mr. Janson, at my request, has

kindly examined the two genera, and he is satisfied that they are perfectly distinct.

The name Stenidea* is stated to have been preoccupied: there is a Stenidia certainly

among the Carabidae, and if this be the one alluded to I think the objection is invalid,

as they are not identical, however near they may be in sound. In any case, if there

is to be a new name, that of Ataxia of Haldeman must be adopted, an American spe-

cies described by that author being referable, according to Lecomte, to Mulsant’s

Stenidea.”

Papers read.

Mr. Walker read a paper entitled “ Notes on Chalcidites, with Characters of unde-

scribed Species.”

The Secretary read, on behalf of the author, a paper by Mr. R. Trimen, entitled

“* On some new Species of South-African Butterflies collected in British Kaffraria, by

W.S. M. D’Urban, Esq., during 1860—61.” In this paper eleven new species of

Rhopalocera were described, including one the type of a new genus, named by the

author D’Urbania, and placed by him (notwithstanding its apparent resemblance to

the Satyride) among the Lycenide.

* Dr. Schaum, in the second edition of his ‘ Catalogue,’ writes Stenidia ; in the

first it is Stenidea, as Mulsant wrote it.

August 4, 1862.

Freperick Smit, Esq., President, in the chair.

On the motion of the Rev. Hamlet Clark, seconded by Prof. Westwood, it was

unanimously resolved, ‘“‘ That the thanks of the Society be tendered to W. Wilson

Saunders, Esq., for his constant liberality towards the Society, and in particular for

the hospitality exhibited by him on the occasion of the Society’s visit to Reigate on

the 8th ult.”

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

respective donors : — ‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society,’ Vol. xii. No. 50; presented

by the Society. ‘The Zoologist’ for August; by the Editor. ‘The Intellectual

Observer’ for August ; by the Publishers, Messrs. Groombridge & Sons. ‘ Saggio di

Ditterologia Messicana di Luigi Bellardi, Professore di Storia Naturale,’ Parte II., ed

Appendice ; by the Author. ‘ Journal of the Society of Arts’ fur July ; by the Society.

‘The London Review’ for July; by the Editor. ‘The Atheneum’ for July ; by the

Editor. ‘On the opportunities of advancing Science enjoyed by the Mercantile

Marine,’ by Cuthbert Collingwood, M.B., F.L.S., &c.; by the Author. ‘Stettiner

Entomologische Zeitung, 1862, Nos. 4—6; by the Entomological Society of Stettin.

Exhibitions, &c.

Mr. Stevens exhibited a magnificent collection of Coleoptera, made by the late

M. Mouhot among the mountains of Lao, in the interior of Cochin-China; it included

some splendid Buprestide, about 150 species of Longicorns, &c., and a very large

number of novelties. He regretted to have to state that M. Mouhot’s exertions in the

cause of Science had brought on a fever which resulted in his death.

Mr. Stainton exhibited specimens of Gracilaria semifascia, bred from maple-leaves

obtained near Mickleham, on which the larve raised small, blunt, conical excres-

cences. Mr. Stainton having remarked upon the tendency of this insect to produce

verdigris on the pin, the President suggested the use of a pin dipped into varnish, and

allowed to dry before it was used.

Mr. Wallace exhibited photographie figures of Coleoptera: plates of Lucani, of

the natural size, were conspicuously successful; other insects of smaller size, but

- magnified twice in linear dimensions, were not so successful. Mr. Wallace called

attention to the mode of mounting these smaller species on pieces of gelatine instead

of cardboard: this rendered the use of gum unnecessary, since all that was requisite

to fix the insect was to moisten the under side ; moreover, the gelatine was so trans-

parent that the under side of the insect was available for examination.

The President exhibited two rare Staphylinide,— Myrmedonia Haworthii and

Heliobates propinqua, — both captured by his son, Mr. Edward Smith, on Reigate

Common, on the occasion of the Society’s excursion on the 8th ultimo.

The President also exhibited an imperfect hermaphrodite of Apis mellifica, which

had been sent from Scotland, and read the following description thereof :—

‘ Size and general appearance of the insect that of a worker. Head male; the

eyes large, and meeting on the vertex; both the antenne female, 12-jointed. Man-

dibles worker, not toothed at the apex as in both male and female. Wing on the

~ right side, male; that on the left, worker. | Legs male, or rather, partly male on the

right side ; the anterior and intermediate legs perfect male ; the posterior leg male,

but fringed with hair, and the basal joint of the tarsus male exteriorly, that is,

smooth and convex, but within transversely ridged and clothed with hair; the fol-

lowing joints male; the left posterior leg is perfect worker. The abdomen furnished

with a sting ; the sting female, straight.”

Prof. Westwood said that during June last he had noticed a couple of hive-bees

near the mouth of the hive, apparently fighting ; and on capturing them he found

that one, which seemed to have been attacked by the other, had attached to its head

a tuft of filamentous matter, which turned out to be composed of the pollen-matter of

Orchis maculata. The Professor was desirous of sending the specimen to Mr. Darwin,

as bearing on the subject treated in the most recent of that gentleman’s works, but

unfortunately it had been placed in spirit, by which the tuft of pollen-matter had been

-dissolved.

The Secretary read, on behalf of Dr. Alexander Wallace, the following

Note on the Ravages of the (Currant) Sawfly.

“Tn the ‘ Zoologist’ for July, 1862 (Zool. 8079), an interesting account is given

of the sawfly, Nematus ventricosus, Klug, translated from the Dutch of M. Snellen

van Vollenhoven, by J. W. May, Esq. This insect is familiarly known by the name

of the ‘ gooseberry grub,’ whose ravages this year, extending all over the kingdom,

have deprived us of many tons of fruit. By studying the natural history of this and

other insects, we shall doubtless find a clue to the prevention of their ravages, and I

wish now to throw out some hints which may prove useful for that purpose. After

giving a description of the larve, &e., our author goes on to state, ‘ They feed both

day and night, and, beginning in company on a leaf, they eat on until there is

nothing left but the stalk and some of the thickest veins. Before quitting the bush

they moult, once more assuming a pale yellowish green colour, the first and terminal

segments being orange ; but they are now without the black spots and hairs which

they had in their earlier state. After this they drop from the tree, and construct a

cocoon at the foot; this cocoon is made at no great depth in the ground, and is exter-

nally covered with little grains of earth. They assume the pupa state, in the sum-

mer, in the space of three weeks, in the winter only after an interval of eight months.

The pupe are yellowish white, and display all the parts of the imago. They very

soon change their colour, and in eight or ten days, having moulted for the last time,

the perfect insect gnaws open the cocoon and escapes. Our author then gives a

description of the perfect insect, and further adds, ‘ There was an incredible number

of these larve in 1860. From observations made at Utrecht and at Leyden, there

seems no doubt that the first brood in May attacked exclusively the leaves of the

gooseberry, some of the bushes heing quite stripped ; and that the second generation,

appearing in July, principally confined itself to the currant, but small numbers having

been seen on the gooseberry. I observed this myself in a garden where the two plants

were growing intermixed. Both larve and imagos were decidedly of but one species.’

The truth of this latter observation, that the larve attack both gooseberry and currant

trees (the former at an earlier period of the year), is quite borne out by my own obser-

vation this summer. The second brood having now just made their appearance,

I will detail a mode by which their ravages may be greatly lessened.

“The eggs—white, elliptical—are laid on the under surface, along the ribs of the

leaf, to the number sometimes of 120 on a single leaf; the larve, when hatched,

during the first twenty-four hours, make each one a little round hole. The leaf then

presents the appearance of having been riddled by No. 7 shot. The second day the

holes are larger, less regular, and soon coalescing ; the larger veins only at the tip of

the leaf remain undemolished. This is the critical time to destroy the brood. By

gathering these leaves daily as the caterpillars are hatched (for they keep coming out

during a fortnight or three weeks, according to the period at which the eggs were laid)

the whole of the brood will be easily destroyed. The peculiar appearance of the leaf

renders the gathering of the brood remarkably easy ; while the fact that at this early

period they are all together on one leaf, and that a week later they will be more scat-

tered over the tree, as also that their destruction of the foliage is then at the mini-

mum, peculiarly points out this period as the one most suitable to their destruction.

I should say that on the 19th of July, from about ten trees in my own garden, I

picked off fifty to seventy leaves, each containing from five to seventy eggs, and young

larve just hatched. Since then I have daily picked off about ten leaves similarly

attacked. If each possessor of a garden would thus destroy the young brood, we

should have no more sawflies next year to trouble us. Other methods are advan-

tageously used at a later period for their destruction ; such are hand-picking, shaking

the stems, when the larve drop down and can be killed; syringing the under surface

of the leaves with alum and water, or watering the larve when shaken down with the

same mixture: but all these methods are put in force when the damage is half done

and when the larve are widely distributed over the trees, and are insignificant when

compared with that which I now advocate for nipping the evilin the bud. Let us

now look to our currant trees and next spring to our gooseberry trees, and we shall

get rid of the enemy.”

Paper read.

The President read a paper entitled “‘ A List of the Genera and Species belonging

to the Family Cryptoceride, with Descriptions of New Species; also a List of the Spe-

cies of the Genus Echinopla.”

September 1, 1862.

Joun Luszock, Esq., V.P., in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

respective donors :—‘ The Zoologist’ for September; presented by the Editor. ‘The

London Review’ for August; by the Editor. ‘Journal of the Society of Arts’ for

August; by the Society. ‘Sitzungsberichte der Konigl. bayer. Akad. der Wissen-

schaften zu Munchen, 1862, Part 1; by the Academy. ‘ Reise nach Mossambique,’

von Dr. Peters (5ter Band, Insekten und Myriapoden) ; by J. W. Dunning.

Election of Members.

Beriah Botfield, Esq., M.P., F.R.S., &c., of Norton Hall, Daventry; Edmund

- Walcott, Esq., of the Oriental Club, Hanover Square ; and Peter Inchbald, Esq., of

Storthes Hall, Huddersfield, were elected Members of the Society ; and W. Phillipps,

Esq., of Reigate Lodge, was elected a Subscriber.

| Exhibitions, §c.

Mr. Bond exhibited a female specimen of Sphinx Nerii, taken at rest in a garden

at Hastings on the 2nd of August last; and specimens of a Tinea which he considered

to be T. confusella, now for the first time taken in England, though it had previously

occurred in Ireland. Mr. Stainton, however, was of opinion that the species was

T. nigripunctella.

Mr. Bond, on behalf of Mr. Piffard, exhibited specimens of a Tortrix, apparently

of the genus Spilonota, taken on the trunks of poplars near London, in June: the

perfect insect concealed itself in the chinks of the bark, and was very sluggish. A de-

scription of the insect, by Dr. Knaggs, under the name of Spilonota Doubledayana,

n, sp., was read. *

Mr. Stainton exhibited a living specimen of Zelleria hepariella, and called atten-

tion to its position when in repose, resting on the four anterior legs, the hind legs

being elevated by the side of the abdomen, and with the head downwards, like an

Argyresthia. Mr. Stainton remarked that the pertinacity with which this species had

been referred to the genus Gracilaria was rather singular; it formerly did duty in all

British collections as Gracilaria rufipenuella, and since that error had been pointed out,

and a new genus, Zelleria, created for it in the family Argyresthide, the insect had

actually been twice described as a Gracilaria—by Gregson as G. Haighii (Zool. 5295),

and by Herrich-Schaffer as G. taxella, in his ‘ Schmetterlinge von Europa.’ The spe-

cimen exhibited had been obtained by beating yew trees on Mickleham Downs, during

the previous week.

Mr. Stainton also mentioned, as showing the progress that Entomology was

making in other countries, that he held in his hand a list of the entomologists of

Canada, who were thirty-six in number.

The Secretary read a letter addressed to him by Miss Farington, of Woodin Hall,

Preston, Lancashire, requesting information as to the name, habits, and best mode of

extirpation of a small beetle which occurred in prodigious numbers in an old house

occupied as a grocer’s shop ; it had been observed for the first time in that neighbour-

hood during the present year, infested the furniture and beds, and (the writer stated)

ate holes through the clothes of the inhabitants. Specimens of the insect were ex-

hibited, which proved to be Ptinus hololeucus.

Sir John Hearsey exhibited various insects from India and China, including an

enormous gad-fly, two fine species of Cimex, a Cetonia, the cotton-iusect (Aphis), and

other objects of interest.

* This insect has since been recognized as Pedisca oppressana, described in 1835

by Treitschke, in the tenth volume of his ‘Schmetterlinge von Europa.’ The species

is included among the British Tortrices in the Museum ‘Catalogue’ of the late J. F.

Stephens, and in the ‘ Catalogue’ of Mr. Doubleday (ed. 1859).

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited seven British species of Homalota not recorded in his

“Catalogue, and with which he had but recently become acquainted, and read the fol-

lowing notes respecting them :—

‘1. H. autumnalis, Erichson. One specimen found by myself in beating dead

sticks in a damp wood at Hawkhurst, in Kent. I lave likewise seen specimens in the

collections of Dr. Power and Mr. Rye.

2. H. luteipes, Hrichson. The specimens exhibited were presented to me by Mr.

Wollaston, and were obtained at Whittlesea Mere. I have seen other specimens

found by Dr. Power in the London district.

3. H. intermedia, Thoms., Kraatz. The two specimens laid before the Society

were found at Purley Down, by Dr. Power. I have seen no other British examples

of the species.

4, H. parallela, Mannerh. This appears to be a northern species. I have seen a

series of specimens forwarded to Mr. Douglas by Mr. Gregson, of Liverpool, and

since specimens taken by Mr. Hislop in Scotland.

5. H. subterranea, Mulsant. ‘The only specimen which I possess is from Paisley,

and was given me by Mr, Morris Young.

6. H. lepida, Kraatz. This also appears to be a northern species. I possess a

specimen from Scotland, for which I am indebted to Mr. Andrew Murray.

7. H. palleola, Hrichson. I exhibit two specimens of this insect, which were sent

me (with the above name attached) by Mr. Linnell, who finds the insect, I am

informed, in the neighbourhood of Reigate. The species, I have no doubt, is cor-

rectly determined.”

The Rev. Hamlet Clark exhibited specimens of four species of Hydroporus hitherto

undescribed, and stated that descriptions would be given in the forthcoming number

of the ‘ Journal of Entomology ; one of them was taken in Spain, the other three in

Great Britain: they were— ;

1. Hydroporus Andalusiz, very nearly allied to H.Clarkii, Woll. (which was taken

in the Canaries) ; captured by Mr. Gray and Mr. Clark near Malaga, in May, 1856.

2. H.severus, allied to H. assimilis, Payk., and more closely to H. fuscitarsis, Aube ;

taken by Dr. Ernest Adams in a small river near Stowmarket, and by Mr. Clark in a

running stream near Horning Fen, in May, 1855.

3. H. derelictus, allied to H. planus, #., and H. erythrocephalus, Z.; received

from the Orkneys in August, 1855.

4. H. celatus, closely resembling H. vittula, Br., and H. incertus, Aubé; taken

by Dr. Power in a stream in Bradgate Park, Leicestershire, in August, 1855, and in

a stream at Black Park, Uxbridge, in August, 1856, and by Mr. Brewer in a stream

in Tilgate Forest.

Mr. Clark also exhibited Hydroporus 5-lineatus, Zett., hitherto unrecorded as

British, but which had been taken several years ago by Mr. Waterhouse, probably in

the London district.

Mr. Lubbock exhibited specimens of a small Hymenopterous insect swimming in

water by means of their wings ; the specimens were taken with a net in a pond near

Mr. Lubbock’s residence in Kent, and had been recognized by Mr. Walker as Poly-

nema fuscipes, of the family Proctotrupidea. The fore wings were large, and profusely

fringed all round ; the hind wings small and very narrow: in the general appearance

of the insect there was nothing to suggest the probability of an aquatic habit: the

motion through the water did not appear to be in any way assisted by the legs, but

was due to the sharp jerking action of the wings. The insects were able to remain

three or four hours beneath the water, but required occasionally to swim to the sur-

face, or crawl thither up the stem of an aquatic plant, in order to breathe; so, at least,

it was to be inferred from the fact that specimens which had been confined for a whole

night, in such a manner as to be unable to reach the surface, were all found dead in

the morning. Mr. Lubbock had never seen the insect fly, but of the other species of

the genus one was known to feed on the eggs of Pontia brassice, and consequently

was of terrestrial habits. With reference to what he termed the geological aspect of

the question, Mr. Lubbock remarked that, if this insect had been found in a fossil

state, no geologist would ever have imagined that it was an inhabitant of the water,—

a circumstance which showed the necessity of some degree of caution in deducing

from the structure of animals conclusions as to their habits.

Paper read.

Professor Dr. Schaum, of Berlin, communieated the following description of and

remarks on Scaritarchus Midas, a new genus and species of the Culeopterous group

Scaritida :—

ScARITARCHUS.

“ Labrum antice subemarginatum. Mandibule intus unidentate, supra rugoso-

striate. Maxille apice rotundate. Mentum dente medio simplici, profunde

canaliculato, lobis lateralibus rotundatis breviori. Palpi maxillares articulo

ultimo triangulari, lato, fere subsecuriformi, precedentis longitudine ; labiales

articulo ultimo fortiter securiformi. Prothorax breviter cordatus, angulis pos-

ticis distinctis, basi subemarginatus. Coleoptera ovalia, striato-punctata. Tibie

antice supra canaliculate, extus tridentate, dentibus inferioribus approxi-

matis obtusis, tibie intermediz fortiter unidentate. Trochanteres postici bre-

ves, validi, apice rotundato.

Scarirarcuus Mipas. Niger, prothoracis margine laterali basalique et elytrorum

margine laterali late aureo, his crebre striato-punctatis, interstitiis subcon-

vexis, carinula humerali in interstitium continuata. Long. 13 poll. et ultra.

The splendid insect here described constitutes a new genus of Scaritide, and

belongs to the first section of that group (Lacord. Gen. i. 192), which embraces Pasi-

machus, Emydopterus, Carenum and Scaraphites. It stands nearest Carenum, resem-

bling it in the securiform last joint of the labial palpi, differing from it, however, in

the broad, triangular and almost securiform last joint of the maxillary palpi, in the

simply and feebly emarginated labrum, in the cordate prothorax with distinct angles,

and in its strongly unidentate intermediate tibie. A few specimens, collected in Laos

by the late M. Henri Mouhot, have recently been received by Mr. Stevens. A figure

of it will be shortly given.”

Special General Meeting.

The Secretary announced that a requisition, signed by six members of the Society,

had been presented to the President and Council, requesting that a Special General

Meeting be called, for the consideration of certain specified alterations in the Bye-

Laws: a copy of the Bye-Laws with the proposed alterations was laid on the table,

and was taken as read to the Meeting; aud notice was given that a Special General

Meeting of the Society would be held for the above purpose on Monday, the Ist day

of December next, at 7 P.M.

October 6, 1862.

F. P. Pascor, Esq., V.P., in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

respective donors : —‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society,’ Vol. xii. No. 51; presented

by the Society. ‘The Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England, Vol.

xxiii. No. 49; by the Society. ‘The Zoologist’ for October ; by the Editor. ‘The

Intellectual Observer’ for September and October; by the Publishers, Messrs. Groom-

bridge & Sons. ‘ Exotic Butterflies, Part XLIV.; by W. W. Saunders, Esq. ‘The

Journal of the Society of Arts’ for September; by the Society. ‘The Atheneum’ for

September ; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of Entomology, descriptive and geographi-

cal, No. 6; by the Proprietors. And the addition to the Library, by purchase, of the

“Genera des Coleoptéres d’Europe,’ Livraisons 108 4 111, was also announced.

Election of New Member.

Thomas Edward Hughes, Esq., of Wallfield, Reigate, was ballotted for and

elected a Member of the Society.

Alteration of the Bye-Laws.

A copy of the Bye-Laws of the Society, embodying certain proposed alterations

therein, was laid on the table and taken as read to the Meeting. Notice was given

that a Special General Meeting would be held, for the consideration of such altera-

tions, on Monday, the Ist of December next, at 7 P.M.

Exhibitions, §c.

Mr. Stevens exhibited Adelops Wollastoni, of which he had recently captured up-

wards of a hundred specimens at Hammersmith, chiefly under rhubarb plants.

Sir John Hearsey exhibited numerous Homoptera, principally Cicadz, collected

by himself in Northern India.

Mr. Desvignes exhibited a remarkable variety of Cynthia Cardui, taken on the

sands at Margate, at the end of July or beginning of August last. The captor, Mr.

Henry L. Stretton, of Forest School, Walthamstow, saw at the same time another spe-

cimen, which he considered to be the mate of the captured one; the latter was very

similar to, but even more abnormal than, the variety figured in Westwood and

Humphrey’s ‘ British Butterflies.’

Mr. C. Fenn exhibited a Lepidopterous insect, apparently of the genus Aspilates,

which was taken near Black Gang, in the Isle of Wight, at the end of August last, in

company with specimens of Aspilates citraria. It was considered by most of the

Lepidopterists present to be a variety of A. citraria, and was remarkable for its ex- _

tremely glossy and silken appearance, the absence of marking on the upper side, and

the blackness of the under side of the wings.

Mr. F. Moore exhibited a specimen of the “ Kolisurra” silkworm moth of the

Deccan (Antherea Paphia, var.), which had emerged from the pupa in this country

on the 15th of September last. He also exhibited a specimen of Epicopeia Polydora,

Westw., and a drawing of the larva. The imago had emerged on the 18th of August

last. Both the pupa and the drawing of the larva had been received from Captain T.

Hutton, of Mussooree, N.W. India, with the following note, dated November Ist,

1861 :—‘*I captured here, this season, for the first time in twenty years, a specimen of

Epicopeia Polydora. Since then I found, feeding on an oak tree (Quercus incana), at

an elevation of 5200 feet, several caterpillars of a very curious appearance, which I am

inclined to think belong to this species, simply because I know not to what else to

refer them, and have never seen them before. When in motion they advance very

slowly and awkwardly, with a wriggling gait, shaking themselves from side to side as

if tottering on their feet; the head is only seen when the animal moves, and is jet-

black, the whole body being densely clothed and concealed in long flossy stuff, an

inch in length or more, resembling glossy floss silk, of a dazzling whiteness: this falls

off to the touch in white powder. When the worm is ready to turn it descends from

the tree, and spins a few silken threads around and over it, to hold dead leaves toge-

ther, on the ground, in holes and corners at the roots of the trees, under stones, or

such-like places, denuding itself of and enveloping itself in the white floss, for the pur-

pose apparently of keeping itself warm during the winter months. The caterpillars

were found small in the beginning of September, and in the first week of October they

began to turn. The white floss stands up erect on the body, and has often a slight

curl at the summit ; when denuded of this the animal was of a dull livid olive-brownish

hue.”

Prof. Westwood remarked that the exhibition of E. Polydora was peculiarly inte-

resting, from the fact that for a long time only a single specimen of the imago was

known; and it had been a question between the late Edward Doubleday and himself

whether it was a butterfly or a moth. The discovery of the larva proved that the

insect had been properly referred to the Bombycide.

Mr. Newman communicated the following remarks on the ravages committed by

the larva of Zeuzera Aisculi, and stated that the damage done to the young hop-poles

in a single plantation in Sussex was estimated at a thousand pounds at the least :—

Destructive propensities of the Larva of Zeuzera Aisculi.

“I beg to exhibit some young shoots of the ash, the vitality of which has been

entirely destroyed by the larva of Zeuzera Aisculi. In some parts of Sussex, Surrey,

Kent and Herefordshire immense numbers of these young ash trees are grown for hop

poles; but I have never before met with an instance in which they were seriously

injured by the ravages of an insect. The information I have now the pleasure to

hand the Society has been kindly transmitted to me by Mr. Jenner, of Lewes, so well

known for his researches into the Diatomacez. In the spring of the present year the

woodreeve and bailiff of Mr. J.C. Courthorpe, of Whyleigh, near Ticehurst, in Sussex,

were greatly surprised to see innumerable young stems of previously healthy ash trees

dying and dead, the bare leafless tops being very conspicuous. This led to an

examination with a view to ascertaining the cause. On cutting off a number of these

tops, the interior of the shoot was found to be occupied by what was described as a

large white maggot with a few black spots on it: this had eaten the pith and a great

portion of the woud, leaving only a thin iayer of wood within the bark, and invariably

killing the whole of the shoot above the spot where the egg was laid, and where the

caterpillar had originally entered. A few of these shoots are now before you, and the

plantation consisted entirely of such, fine young plants full of vigour and three to five

feet in height. Before Mr. Jennev’s attention was invited to the subject, Mr. Cour-

thorpe had ascertained that the larve were those of Zeuzera Aisculi. When

Mr. Jenner examined the sticks, he found that in some the larve had already turned

to pup#; in others the full-fed larve were still unturned. In July, three of the pupe

produced moths, one a female, the others males. One died in its abortive attempt to

become a moth, the stick having been cut off close to its head: another, concealed in

a stick which had heen split and again tied together, changed to a crippled pupa, and

so died. In no instance could it be ascertained that the larva had eaten after the

stick had been cut and its occupant examined. A number of pupe still remain in the

cut sticks. A somewhat careful examination of the sticks has led me to the following

conclusions:—that the egg is laid on the smooth bark of the ash, just above one

of the cicatrices whence a leaf of the preceding year has fallen: the little grub,

entering the bark through a minute hole which it has gnawed, ascends the stem, at

least as far as the next cicatrix, the excavation thus made assuming the shape of a

very acutely pointed inverted cone; when arrived at its distal extremity the larva

appears to turn round and descend to the point whence it started, devouring and

widening its gallery as it descends: when arrived at the starting point the figure of its

gallery is entirely changed, and is now a smooth cylindrical bore; at the lower

extremity the larva gnaws the wood away, making a convenient chamber for its trans-

formation, and leaving only the outer cuticle of bark reduced to the thinness of

tissue-paper: this is ruptured by the moth in its struggles to escape, and it emerges

from its prison head downwards. There is no evidence to show the duration of the

larva state.”

Mr. Waterhouse and Mr. J.S. Baly referred to cases of damage done to ash-poles

by Pachyta collaris; and Prof. Westwood mentioned instances of the destruction of

hop-poles by Clytus Arietis; the poles attacked by the Clytus were, however, of oak

and not of ash.

Mr. Stainton communicated the following :—

Note respecting the Micropteryx bred from Hazel-leaves by Herr Kaltenbach.

“‘ Having long had an intense desire to know what was really the species that Herr

Kaltenbach had bred from hazel-leaves, I visited Aix la Chapelle for the purpose of

satisfying my curiosity, being of opinion that, especially in Entomology, there is no

saying more true than ‘Seeing is believing. Having now seen a series of the

Micropteryx bred by Herr Kaltenbach, I am able to verify his assertion that the

insect is Micropteryx fastuosella; and having seen the dried hazel-leaves in which the

larva had fed, I can no longer doubt that a Micropteryx larva does feed in the leaves

of hazel (Corylus Avellana). M. fastuosella is closely allied to M. subpurpurella,

which we know to be attached to oak, and which has now been bred by Mr. Wilkinson

from larve mining in oak-leaves, and it was rather a doubtful question whether

M. fastuosella was really distinct from M. subpurpurella. In conversation with Herr

Kaltenbach I learned that M. fastuosella appears with him as early as March, and

that the feeding larve are to be found in April, when the nut-leaves are not yet fully ex-

_ panded, and the dried nut leaves which T saw fully confirmed this statement by their

small size. By the end of April the season for these larve is over.

“T should trust that with this information we should next spring have no diffi-

enlty in finding the hazel-miners in England.”

Prof. Westwood exhibited a further portion of the additions revently made to the

Oxford Museum by Mr. Stone, of Brighthampton. The exhibition on the present

occasion consisted principally of the dried leaves of trees and plants which had been

mined by the larve of Lepidopterous, or in more numerous instances of Dipterous,

insects. The leaves were arranged for the cabinet on cardboard, so as to show ata

glance the distinctions between the various mines, —a point of considerable impor-

tance in the determination of the different species.

Prof. Westwood also called attention to the state of the turnip crops in the Mid-

land Counties ; he had been informed that the turnips had been attacked by a pro-

fusion of a green insect, like that on the rose, and hence he had inferred the presence

of a species of Aphis. Some turnip-leaves had subsequently been sent to him; the

outer ones were dead and shrivelled, and both sides of the leaves and the stems were

coated with a thick white mould, but no Aphides were visible. Whether the white

matter had by his informants been mistaken for the insect, or whether it was the result

of the attacks of Aphides, the Professor was unable to state; but he thought the latter

hypothesis the more probable, and that the plants had been reduced to a bad state of

health by the attacks of an Aphis, and the mould had grown in consequence.

Prof. Westwood also called the attention of the Members present to the Report of

the discussion which took place at the April Meeting of the Society, upon a paper by

Dr. Schaum, on the impropriety of superseding generally-adopted names of species in

Entomology, where descriptions of the same species had previously appeared, but

which, from the imperfect nature of the description, it had not been possible to

recognize without an examination of the type specimens of the original author.

After a short abstract of Dr. Schaum’s paper, Prof. Westwood was stated, in the

Report, to have opposed the views of Dr. Schaum. Such was not, however, the case ;

in fact he cordially adopted every word contained in the abstract of the Memoir as

published in the ‘Proceedings’ for May last, thinking that by so doing he was

lending a hand against the publication of carelessly-drawn-up descriptions, often

made without a fit preparatory examination, either of the insects themselves, or the

works of the authors who had treated upon the groups to which they belonged.

To sink entirely the writings of authors who might occasionally err in their

descriptions, or even those whose descriptions were habitually drawn up in a careless

manner, as had been recently suggested, appeared to him too violent a measure,

although their retention entailed a painful amount of labour on subsequent entomolo-

gists, unattended also, in many instances, by any certitude as to the species intended.

For himself he believed it more correct that every description should stand on its

own footing ; and if it could be shown to be unintelligible, or should exhibit such an

amount of carelessness in its composition as to render it impossible for an entomolo-

gist to determine a species by it, he should not hesitate to consider it as if it had never

existed. It was true that he considered the law of priority in nomenclature to be of the

highest value, and would endeavour. to maintain it wherever possible. He thought,

however, a slight modification of the law was requisite in the case of the publication

of detached species brought out with the view of anticipating an author who was

known to be engaged in working an entire Monograph of the group to which the spe-

cies belonged. The time required for composing and publishing Monographs was

often very considerable, and much delay occurred, over which the monvgrapher had

no control: in such cases Prof. W. thought that courtesy to the monographer should

give him precedence over the authors of at least such descriptions of detached species

of the group as appeared during the year in which the Monograph should be pub-

lished.

The question had been raised (chiefly with reference to the Stephensian descrip-

tions) whether the examination of the specimens assumed to be the types from which

an original description was drawn, did not confer a more precise character upon an

insufficient description. Prof. W. thought that this ought not to be the case. Ifa

description (drawn up with the utmost skill of the describer) be so loose that a subse-

quent writer cannot reasonably suppose that an insect before him is the subject of the

description of the previous writer, and then should, bond fide, publish a good descrip-

tion of it, not having the ordinary means of examining the original types, be con-

sidered that the name published with the second good description ought to be main-

tained. If, however, a subsequent writer should have the means of examining the

original types, and should find the original description defective, it is his duty, in the

interest of Science, to clear up the doubts which might exist, by describing more fully

the species, using of course the old specific name.

Papers read.

The following papers were read :—“ Descriptions of several new and rare Lucanoid

Coleoptera,” by Major F. J. Sidney Parry, F.L.S.; and “ Descriptions of new East-

Asiatic Species of Haliplide and Hydroporide,” by the Rev. Hamlet Clark, M.A.,

FLLS.

November 3, 1862.

FREDERICK Sir, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

respective donors :— Sitzungsberichte der Konig]. bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaf-

ten zu Minchen,’ 1862, I. Heft. 2,3; presented by the Academy. ‘The Canadian

Naturalist,’ Vol. vii. No. 4; by the Natural-History Society of Montreal. ‘A Catalogue

of the Lepidoptera of Devon and Cornwall,’ Part 1; by the Author, J. J. Reading,

M.E.S. ‘ The Zoologist’ for November ; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society

of Arts’ for October; by the Society. ‘The Atheneum’ for October; by the Editor.

‘ The Intellectual Observer, No. 10; by the Publishers, Messrs. Groombridge and Sons.

100

‘ Entomological Botany’ (Reprinted from the ‘ Zoologist’ for 1854, 1855 and 1856) ;

by the Author, H. T. Stainton. ‘ Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 1862, Nos. 7—

9; by the Entomological Society of Stettin. ‘Journal of the Proceedings of the Lin-

- nean Society,’ Vol. vi. No. 24; by the Society.

Election of Member.

John S. Stevens, Esq., of 24, Bloomsbury Sireet, London, was ballotted for and

elected a Member of the Society.

Alteration of the Bye-Laws.

A copy of the Bye-Laws of the Society, with certain proposed alterations therein,

was laid on the table and taken as read to the Meeting. Notice was given thata

Special General Meeting would be held, for the consideration of such alterations, on

Monday, the 1st of December next, at 7 P.M.

Exhibitions, §c.

Sir John Hearsey exhibited Smerinthus denticulatus from Barrackpore, near Cal-

cutta, and drawings of the larve feeding on Cordia Sebistena. In addition to a caudal

horn the young larva had a frontal. one, which, however, was entirely cast off at the

last change of skin.

Mr. Bond exhibited two specimens of Lithosia Caniola, bred from the egg by Dr.

Knaggs. They had remained ten days in the oval, eleven months in the larval, and

ten days in the pupal state. The larva (a coloured drawing of which was shown) fed

on clover, and changed its skin about forty times.

Mr. Bond also exhibited a monstrosity of Acherontia Atropos, the right side of

which was of the usual form and hue, whilst the wings on the left side were darker,

suffused and without distinct markings, and singularly jagged on the custa and outer

Margin.

Mr. Stainton exhibited bred specimens of Bactra uliginosana which he had received

from Stettin, where the larva: had been found rather plentifully on Lythrum salicaria.

The species is ove of the few Tortrices which are double-brooded, appearing in June

and again in September. The June specimens have almost invariably a quadrate

black spot on the disc, but in the September specimens, which vary considerably in

other respects, the discoidal spot is generally wanting. Of the six specimens exhibited

two belonged to the June, four to the September brood.

Mr. Stainton also called the attention of the Meeting to a very valuable paper on

the genus Nepticula from the pen of Von Heinemann, of Brunswick, which has just

appeared in the August and October numbers of the ‘ Wiener KEntomologische Monat-

schrift.’ It extends to fifty-two pages ; thirty-three species are described, of which no

less than ten are new, and independently of the value of the descriptive portion of the

paper, it contains some very interesting observations; for instance, on the remarkable

shortness of life of many of the Nepticula larve. How short that life actually was

had not at present been determined, but a friend of Von Heinemann’s had observed

that on some apple twigs, which he examined with great attention, and carefully picked

off every Jeaf in which be could find a mine, he actually found empty mines on some

o{ the leaves after the lapse of thirty-six hours, showing that in that short time larve

which had been previously invisible had fed up and gone away. ‘This extreme

shortness of Jarval life was only manifested in the summer broods of larve, the autumnal

101

larve living considerably longer. Mr. Stainton remarked that it was but two years

ago he was reading a paper at the British Association at Oxford, in which he com-

mented on the extraordinary fact that the larve of Nepticula never moulted. Now the

observations of Von Heinemann show that they do moult: of course there is something

abnormal in the moulting of these mining larve, but after the Jarva has been inactive

for a short time its skin cracks at the head, and it thus proceeds to eat its way forward,

because it can only by eating a path before it obtain space to draw itself from

its old skin; this in the confined space of the mine gets drawn forward for a slight

distance, and is eventually lost to sight in the excremental track. Von Heinemann

had observed the moulting in several species, and had remarked that it generally took

place at some part of the mine where the latter changed its character, either from a

slender gallery to a blotch, or from a spiral mine to an irregular one, or from a very

narrow gallery to a broader one. With regard to the specific distinctions Von Heine-

mann found important characters were afforded by the cilia and by the length of the

antenne, only as the latter varied in the sexes it was necessary in this respect to com-

pare males with males and females with females. In examining the wing-veins of

these insects, which he had done in a number of species, Von Heinemann found there

were three distinct forms, a complicated form, a comparatively simple one, and an

intermediate form between the other two.

Mr. Stainton then read the following brief notes on the ten new species :—

1. N. Aineella. Closely allied to N. ruficapitella. Larva on hawthorn, in a mine

like that of N. Oxyacanthella.

2. N. Samiatella. A black-headed oak species, distinct from N. atricapitella ; the

mines not distinguishable.

3. N. Nitidella. A single caught specimen, with polished pale bronze anterior

wings.

4. N. Basiguttella. A new species from an oak-feeding larva, whose mine is

entirely filled with green excrement.

5. N. Pretiosa. Bred from Geum urbanum. Allied to N. Auneofasciata.

6. N. Dulcella. Allied to N. Continuella. Bred from strawberry leaves; larve

in mines similar to those of N. Fragariella.

7. N. Inequalis. Also bred from strawberry leaves; the wings narrow and the

fascia placed very posteriorly.

8. N. Distinguenda. Bred from birch, mine not sufficiently observed. Allied to

N, Betulicola and to N. Glutinose.

9. N. Obliquella. Captured specimens. Perhaps most nearly allied to N. Salicis.

10. N. Simplicella. Captured specimens; ou beech trunks. Allied to N. Immun-

della.

Mr. Stainton said he thought it was rather hazardous describing Nepticule from

captured specimens, but that he must admit the whole paper of Von Heinemann showed

such sharp-sightedness and so much acumen that all his remarks were entitled to con-

siderable weight. It might be mentioned, for instance, that Von Heinemann had

found a character often useful for separating species which we could not see in any of

our specimens, because it was in the centre of the prothorax, exactly where we put the

pin; hence this character could be observed only in those specimens which were pinned

through the abdomen.

Professor Westwood called attention to an article by Mr. Newman in the ‘ Zool-

102

ogist’ for October last (Zool. 8216), on the genus Acentropus. Referring to the date’

of his own memoir in the ‘ Transactions of the Entomological Society,’ the Professor

was surprised to find that Mr. Newman had assumed a share in the merit (whatever

it might be) of the reference of the genus to the order Lepidoptera, which was due to

_ himself and Dr. Hagen. His grounds for such reference were—1. The nature of the

clothing of the wings. 2. The possession of tippets. 3. The possession of a bristle and

socket connecting the wings. 4. (As proved by Mr. Edwin Brown’s discovery of the

preparatory states), the structure of the pupa. Mr. Newman’s arguments were—1.

That the scales in Acentropus are unlike those of any other Lepidopterous insect, and

resemble those on the elytra of some beetles. 2. That tippets do not exist in the Psy-

chide. 3. That the wings in Hymenoptera are fixed together by a series of hooklets.

4, That it is not stated how the pupa of Acentropus differs from that of Phryganea.

To these arguments the Professor replied— 1. That the clothing of the wings of Acen-

tropus consists of scales (and not of hairs as in Trichoptera). They vary in their form,

and Lyonnet has shown how infinitely the scales in a single species (Cossus) vary,

whilst no one would think of assigning Acentropus to the order Coleoptera. 2. That

(even if true), the absence of tippets in Psyche is not proof that another insect which

does possess those appendages doves not belong to the order in which tippets are exclu-

sively characteristic. 3. The spring and socket of Acentropus are identical with those

of nocturnal Lepidoptera, and totally unlike the hooklets of the Hymenoptera, with

which order no one would think of uniting Acentropus. 4. The pupa of Acentropus

agrees with those of nocturnal Lepidoptera, except in a modification of the spiracles,

as stated by Professor Westwood in a paper read before the British Association at

Oxford in 1860, of which a slight report is published in the volume of ‘ Reports’ of

that Meeting. It entirely differs from that of Phryganea, both in general characters,

and especially in wanting the peculiar mandibles of the pupa by which Phryganea is

associated with the subnecromorphotic Neuroptera.

Professor Westwood exhibited a further series of leaves of plants mined by Lepi-

dopterous and Dipterous larve, which had been arranged for the cabinet by Mr. Stone

of Brighthampton, and by him presented to the Oxford Museum.

Professor Westwood also called attention to the ravages committed on celery plants

by the larva of the Dipterous Tephritis Onopordinis.

The President exhibited the different stages of a species of sawfly which he con-

ceived to be Nematus trimaculatus, S¢. Farg., and read the following extract from a

letter from F. M. Rayner, Esq., of Callowell, Stroud, dated the 7th of June, 1862 :-—

‘“‘ Having seen several letters and papers in the ‘ Times’ and other publications,

with reference to the great destruction to the gooseberry and currant bushes by a grub

said to be the caterpillar of a Lepidopterous insect (Phalena wavaria), I directed my

attention to the subject. I. collected several of the larve in the beginning of May,

and discovered at once by the number of the feet (18) that they were not Lepidopterous.

I fed them upon the leaves of their respective trees, and examined them frequently

during the day. No particular change occurred until the last casting of the skin,

when the larva turned from a bluish green, covered with shining jet-black tubercles,

each bearing a seta, to a beautiful yellowish green, the first and the last two segments

being of a pale orange-colour, and having no tubercles or sete, but quite smooth, with

the exception of the last few posterior segments, which were slightly pubescent. ‘The

cocoon was at first green, but afterwards changed to black. In about three weeks the

imago made ils appearance in the form of a Hymenopterous insect. I think it belongs

103

to the Securifera, Tenthredinata, Latreille, but I know little or nothing about the Hy-

menoptera. I have sent you a small bottle containing specimens of the insect in its

different stages, but the spirit has slightly altered their colour. One circumstance

strikes me as being rather curious: all the larve I collected turned out females. I

was obliged to procure the males by pinning a female to a piece of cork and placing

it under the bushes.”

Mr. S. Stevens mentioned that the Coleopterous insect described by Dr. Schaum at

the September Meeting of the Society, under the name of Scaritarchus Midas, had

been previously described under the name of Mouhotia gloriosa in Guérin’s Magazine

for August last, and, according to the rule of priority, the last mentioned name must

prevail.

Mr. W. W. Saunders exhibited a dozen species of Catascopus collected by Mr. A. R.

Wallace in the East Indian Isles, including the four new species described in the paper

hereinafter referred to, in connection with which Professor Westwood stated that a

paper had been published by the Natural History Society of Basle, in or about 1843,

containing descriptions of Catascopi from Africa. This paper appears to have escaped

notice, and he thought it not unlikely that some of the insects therein described would

be found to be identical with some of those afterwards described by Hope and Andrew

Murray.

Papers read.

Mr. W. W. Saunders read a paper “‘ On the species of Catascopus found by Mr.

Wallace in the Malay Peninsula and the East India Isles,” containing descriptions of

four new species, C. Schaumii, C. Aruensis, C. levigatus and C. splendidus.

Mr. Waterhouse read a “* Note upon certain British Species of the Genus Quedius,

in which the elytra are more or less eneous and the scutellum punctured.”

Sproman General MEETING,

December 1, 1862.

Freperick Situ, Esq., President, in the chair.

Alteration of Bye-Laws.

The Secretary read a requisition signed by six Members of the Society, and pre-

sented to the President and Council, requesting that a Special General Meeting might

be called for the consideration of the alterations in the Bye-Laws therein specified.

He announced that the same had been read at three successive General Meetings of

the Society, and also read the notice to Members convening the Special Meeting for

that evening. The proposed alterations in the Bye-Laws were then put to the vote

and adopted.

104

OrpinaRy MEETING.

The Ordinary Meeting of the Society was held the same day.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

respective donors :— Classification of the Coleoptera of North America,’ Part 1, by John

L. Leconte, M.D.; ‘ Monograph of the Diptera of North America, Part 1, by H. Loew;

‘Synopsis of the Described Lepidoptera of North America, Part 1 (Diurnal and Cre-

puscular Lepidoptera), by John G. Morris ; ‘Synopsis of the Neuroptera of North America,

with a List of the South-American Species, by Herman Hagen ; all compiled for and

presented by the Smithsonian Institute. ‘ Proceedings of the Entomological Society of

Philadelphia’ for 1861 and 1862; by the Society. ‘ Notes on the Thysanura,’ Part 1

(Sminthuride) ; by the Author, John Lubbock, F.R.S., &c. ‘ Proceedings of the Lite-

rary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool during the Fifty-first Session, 1861—62,

No. xvi.; by the Society. ‘The Zoologist’ for December ; by the Editor. ‘ On the

Genus Colias in North America; by the Author, Samuel H. Scudder. ‘Taylor's

‘ Calendar of the Meetings of the Scientific Bodies of London for 1862—63;’ by the

Publishers. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for November; by the Society.

‘Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift, Band I—V ; by Julius Lederer. ‘ Die Noc-

tuinen Europa’s mit Zuzichung einiger bisher meist dazu gezahlten Arten des Asiat-

ischen Russland’s, Kleinasien’s, Syrien’s und Labrador’s: systematisch bearbeitet yon

Julius Lederer ;’ by the Author.

New Members.

Perey C. Wormald, Esq., of 6, Brondesbury Terrace, Kilburn, was ballotted for and

elected a Member of the Society.

Certificates in favour of F. Moore, Esq. (a Subscriber to the Society), and of E. A.

Smith, Esq., of 27, Richmond Crescent, Islington, as Members, were read for the first

time, and ordered to be suspended in the Meeting Room.

Exhibitions, §c.

Mr. Stevens exhibited a fine collection of Coleoptera and Diurnal Lepidoptera,

collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace in New Guinea ard the adjacent island of Salwatty.

Mr. F. Moore exhibited specimens of a white saccharine substance or kind of

“ manna,’ which is found abundantly on the leaves of certain Eucalypti (E. dumosa,

&c.), in the north-west parts of Australia Felix, and is eaten by the natives, who call

it “lerp” or “laap.” This substance is stated by Mr. T. Dobson (Proc. Royal Society

of Van Dieman’s Land, 1851) to be the cup-like coverings of a species of Psylla (P.

Eucalypti), formed by the insect whilst in the larva state.

Mr. Hewitson sent for exhibition some stems of laurel trees, with the following

note in reference thereto :—

“ Tn cutting down some laurels, at some four or five feet from the ground, I noticed

that they were pierced longitudinally by a round hole about the size of a pistol-bullet,

at first open and clear, afterwards filled with sawdust, but so loose that it was easily

- pushed out for the length of a foot with a very slender stick; but in cutting sections

105;

from the tree lower down, though the hole increased in size, it also became more ob-

structed until near the root, where (although there is still an indication of the perfor-

ation) the hole proceeds no further, after passing through nearly five feet of solid wood.

One piece of the tree shows where the hole commences, at the side where a branch has

been cut off; the other was four feet lower down, where the hole becomes obstructed

and looks more like decay than the boring of a grub. Is this a question for entomo-

logists or for arboriculturists ? ”

To this query no satisfactory answer was given; but it was suggested that the

perforation, if caused by a larva at all, was probably made by that of Zeuzera Esculi.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited the following four British species of Coleoptera, viz ,

Oxytelus piceus, Hrichson, §c., Quedius umbrinus, Erichson, Haplocnemus nigri-

cornis, Mab., and Lathridius rugosus, Herbsé, and communicated the following notes

relating to them :—

“With regard to the Oxytelus I have to state that the species was introduced into

my Catalogue from the determination ‘of a single male specimen taken by myself, but

of which I did not know the exact locality. Recently, however, I have discovered a

second specimen (a female) amongst some Staphylinidew which were procured by me

from cow-dung in the well-known field immediately opposite the inn at Birchwood

Corner, on the Ist of July, 1859. O. piceus most closely resembles O. laqueatus, but

tnay be distinguished by the comparatively large size of the eye, by there being only a

single groove on the back part of the head above (instead of three grooves, as in O.

laqueatus), and by the head being less concave in front. In the male of O. laqueatus

the longitudinal diameter of the head behind the eye is greater than that of the eye,

whereas in O. piceus the eye presents the greater diameter. In the female of the last.

mentioned insect, from the large size of the eye, and the great prominence of that

organ, the head nearly resembles that of O. sculptus, but that insect is readily distin-

guished from O. piceus by its comparatively long antenne and by certain peculiarities

of structure. In O. piceus the fifth is the first of the dilated pubescent joints, and presents

a peculiar modification of the peduncle: at first small and slender, to join the pre-

ceding joint it is suddenly dilated above the base into a shallow cup-like process, to

which a nearly hemispherical apical part of the joint is attached; this latter part is

rough and pubescent, whilst the peduncular part is smooth. In the following joints

the peduncle is dilated above the base into a circular flat (or nearly flat) plate, attached

to which is the body of the joint. In O. sculptus the peduncle of the fourth joint is

dilated into a round, slightly concave (and in the following joints flat) plate; and the

dilated pubescent joints may here be said to commence from the fourth instead of the

fifth joint. This structure corresponds very closely with that which will be found in

O. rugosus and O. insectatus, whilst all the remaining British species of Oxytelus cor-

respond very closely in the structure of their antenne with O. piceus.

“Of Quedius umbrinus I have long possessed a British specimen, but had never

determined it until recently, when a second specimen was sent me to be named by Mr.

Morris Young of Paisley. It most nearly resembles the dark (pitchy black) varieties

of Quedius mauro-rufus, but may be distinguished by its less thickly and more strongly

punctured elytra. The antenne are rather stouter and the joints longer, and the head

is somewhat broader than in Q. mauro-rufus.

“ Haplocnemus nigricornis. Dr. Power long since called my attention to the fact

that we possessed two species of Haplocnemus in England, and I subsequently obtained

106

a second species from Charles Turner, who took it in the New Forest. It differs from

our well-known H. impressus of Marsham in being a trifle smaller, in the general

colouring of the upper parts (instead of being of a brassy bronze hue being more

‘inclined to green, or, in parts to blue), and in the tibia, tarsi and apex of the

femora being entirely of a palish testaceous colour. The three basal joints of the an-

tenn, moreover, are chiefly testaceous, the first and third joints being but slightly

tinted with eneous. The thorax is rather narrower and longer, more contracted in front,

and less thickly and less strongly punctured; the reflected lateral margin is rather

broader, and is rufescent, as is likewise the lateral margin of the elytra on the under

sides, and these parts are less distinctly crenulate. Lastly, the ounctures of the elytra

are larger, less numerous and less clearly defined. Upon re-examining the descriptions

of Fabricius, Gyllenhal, &c., I now believe that we must apply the name nigricornis to

this insect, and retain that of impressus for the Marshamian species, with the tibiz

more or less dusky. The species would then stand thus :—

1. Haplocnemus nigricornis.

Aplocnemus impressus, var., Steph. Illusir.

Dasytes nigricomis, Fab. Syst. El. ii. 73,10; Ent. Syst. i. 2, 81, 16.

, Payk. Faun. Suec. ii. 158, 3.

, Gyll. Ins. Suec. i. 327, 4.

2. Haplocnemus impressus, Steph. Illustr. iii. 316 (Aplocnemus, id.) and collection.

Crioceris impressus, Marsh. Ent. Brit. 226, 16.

Haplocnemus nigricornis, Waterh. Catalogue.

“ Lathridius rugosus, Herbst, Coleopt. v. 6, 3, Tab. 44, fig. 3, c, C. (Latridius).

» Gyll. Ins. Suec. iv. 140, 20.

, Mannerh. in Germar’s Zeitsch. fur Entom. v. (1844), 90, sp. 28.

‘L. oblongus, niger, glaber, ore antennis pedibusque ferrugineis, thorace brevi,

lato, crebre punctato, lateribus dilatato-rotundatis, dorso convexo, medio obsolete

canaliculato, postice transversim profunde impresso ; elytris obsoletius striato-

punctatis, interstitiis levibus. Long. 3—1 lin.; lat. 3—% lin’

“ The above description, from Mannerheim, agrees perfectly well with the insect now

exhibited, and which I long since separated in my English collection as a distinet

species, but was unable to name. Finding some German specimens like it in the

British Museum collection, and bearing the name ‘rugosus, I was led to examine

the descriptions of that species, which I must formerly have overlooked. I suspect

that the very inappropriate specific name applied to it was the cause of the oversight,

it being distinguished by the smoothness of its elytra. I have seen specimens of

this species in the Rev. A. Matthews’ collection. It is usually smaller than

L. minutus and of a shorter form, and approaches more nearly to my L. testaceus,

but that insect is still shorter and broader, has the elytra more distinctly punctate-

striated, and its colour appears to be always testaceous, whereas L. rugosus is black.”

Mr. M‘Lachlan exhibited a Dipterous parasite on the larva of a Trichopterous

insect, It had beer bred by Mr. Parfitt, of Exeter, from a larva-case of Limnephilus

marmoratus, and had emerged through the water, though the eggs had probably been

laid by the parent fly when the case was floating on the surface. The name of Hydro-

tachina Limnephili was proposed for this novelty.

107

Papers read.

Major Parry communicated two papers: one entitled “Some Remarks on the

Catalogue of Lucanide recently published by M. James Thomson in the ‘Annales de

la Société Entomologique de France’;” the other entitled “ Further Descriptions and

Characters of undescribed Lucanoid Coleoptera.” The latter paper was supplementary

to that read by Major Parry at the October Meeting of the Society. The whole of

these descriptions are intended to be incorporated with others in a general Catalogue

of the family, ,to be published, with figures, in the ‘ Transactions’ of the Society.

An abstract of the latter paper, with characters of the genera and species, is given

below.

Fam. LUCANIDA.

Gen. Homoperus, Parry.

Corpus subrotundatum, robustum. Clypeus transversus, bidentatus, antice leviter

emarginatus. Mandibule capite vix longiores, falcate. Caput magnum,

transversum, antice depressum, infra oculos armatum. Antennarum clava

4-articulata, scaphus elongatus. Prothorax lateribus pone medium (in utroque

sexu) sinuatis et spino acuto armatis; angulis anticis rutundatis, posticis emar-

ginatis. Pedes graciles. Tibi postice inermes.

Homoprrus Me tty, Parry (vide Trans. Ent. Soc. N.S. v. tab. xvi. f. 7, 8).

Mas.—H. fulvo-testaceus ; mandibulis gracilibus, intus ad basin unidentatis et supra

pone medium spinis nodosis tribus aut quatuor irregulariter armatis ; capite sub-

lente confertissime granuloso, supra oculvus plaga nigra notato. Prothorace maculis

quatuor nigris, transversim positis, in medio subtiliter longitudinaliter canalicu-

lato. Elytris levissimis.

Obs. Mesotopo Tarando affinis.

Long. corp. (mandib. incl.) fere unc. 2.

Hab. Afric. Occ. (Guinea, Old Calabar). In Mus. Parry et Mniszech.

Fom.—H. nigro-fuscus; mandibulis gracilibus brevibus, rugoso-punctatis, et dente

parvo apicem versus instructis; capite irregulariter et fortiter rugoso-punctato. Cly-

peo parvo, rotundato. Prothorace luteo, maculis quatuor nigris transversim positis,

duabus medianis magnis, antice connexis, lateralibus parvis, rotundatis. Elytris

singulis vitta lutescenti flava ab humero ad apicem notatis. Pedibus nigris,

femoribus supra flavo-rufo maculatis. Tibiis posticis paulo curvatis, extus irregu-

laviter tribus vel quatuor spinis minimis instructis, intermediis posticisque

unidentatis.

Long. corp. (mandib. inel.), unc. 1.

Mesoropus Taranbus, 9.

Lucanus Tarandus, ¢, Swed. in Act. Holm. 1787, 3, 186, t. 8, f. I.

M. ebenina nigra, nitidissima; capite subrugoso-punctato, antice excavato, bispinoso,

postice levi, politissimo; mandibulis brevibus trigonis intus bidentatis; elytris

subovalibus. Tibiis extus ut in maribus, 3-dentatis.

Long. corp. (mandib. incl.), unc. 1, lin. 6.

Hab. Afric. Occ.

108

Lucanus Hopet, 3, Parry (var. max., 2 ignota).

L. nigro-brunneus, politus; mandibulis elongatis, intus quinque-deutatis; capite supra

singulariter coronato lobato; femoribus subtus vitta fulva notatis, in pedibus

anticis fere obsoleta.

Long. corp. fere unc. 2; mandib. une. 1.

Hab. Ind. Or. Coll. Parry.

Lucanus Smirun, o, Parry (Q2 ignota).

L. nigro-fuscus, subtus dense villosus; elytris rufo-ferrugineis, nitidis; mandibulis

apicibus furcatis, intns ante medium lobo tridentato armatis.

Long. corp. une. 1, lin. 7.

Hab. Ind. Sept. Coll. Parry.

Hexarturivus? Westwoopil, ¢, Parry (var. max., 2 ignota).

H. nigerrimus ; mandibulis elongatis, elevatis, singulariter ad basin excavatis, angu-

latis, supia et infra dente magno armatis; capite magno, angusto. Prothorace

lateribus inter medium et apicem denticulo parvo instructis. Antennarum

flabello 4-articulato. Tibiis posticis simplicibus.

Long. corp. unc. 2, lin. 3; mandib. une. J, lin. 3.

Hab. Ind. Or. Coll. Parry. Ff

Hzexarrurius Bowrinen, g, Parry (var. max., 2 ignota).

H. nigro-fuscus, nitidus ; antennarum clava 6-articulata, mandibulis apice subrecur-

vis, intus 3-dentatis, lo et 2du pone medium, tertio ad basin subfurcato. Tibiis

anticis serratis, intermediis unidentatis, posticisque simplicibus.

Long. corp. unc. 2; mandib. lin. 9.

Hab. Ind. Or.

Opon10LaBis CasTELNAUDI, ¢, Parry (° tgnota).

O. giganteus, niger, glaberrimus ; mandibulis capite parum longioribus, valde exsertis,

inteme ad basin dente magno obtuso armatis, et ante basin apicem versus plu-

rimis denticulis nodosis irregulariter instructis, apicibus subfureatis ; capite

magno, antice depresso, margine subelevato, angulis auticis oblique rotundatis,

et infra oculos spino magno obtuso instructo. Prothorace transverso; capite

latiori, lateribus antice obliquis, angulis posticis emarginatis; elytris subovalibus,

brunneo-testaceis, levissimis, latitudine prothoracis, marginibus externe sutura-

que tenuiter nigris. Tibiis anticis curvatis, et prope apicem spino minuto armatis,

quatuor posticis inermibus.

Long. corp. unc. 2, lin. 5; mandib. lin. 9.

Hab. Sumatra. Coll. Castelnau.

OponrotaBis Somnert, ¢, Parry (var. max., 2 ignota).

O. capite, pronoto, pedibusque, brunneo-testaceis; capite magno, antice emarginato,

pone oculos supra et infra angulato; mandibulis gracilibus, falcatis, capite

109

«paulo brevioribus, apicibus acutis, intus bidentatis. Prothorace antice acute

angulato, postice valde emarginato. Tibiis anticis curvatis, extus spinis duabus

aut tribus armatis, posticisque inermibus.

Long. corp. unc. 1, lin. 5; mand. circa lin. 5.

Hab. Manilla. Mus. Dom. Somner (Altona).

Crapoenatuus WaLtacst, g, Parry (var. max., 9 ignota).

C. niger. Elytris dorso fusco castaneo, lateribus nigro marginatis, vitta flava lati-

uscula notatis; labro producto, trigono-conico ; mandibulis porrectis, haud arcu-

atis, irregulariter denticulatis, et intra basin versus fortiter emarginatis. Tibiis

anticis extus irregulariter denticulatis, quatuor posticis inermibus.

Long. corp. fere unc. 2; mandib. lin. 8.

Hab. Ins. Gilolo. Coll. Wallace.

CLapoenatHus LaFertel, 2.

C. Lafertei, ¢, Reich. Revue. Zool. 1852.

C. fuscus; capite rugoso punctato, postice levigato; mandibulis brevibus, rugosis,

unidentatis. Elytris pallide ferrugineis, inzqualiter punctatis, sutura ad basin

marginibusque, nigro-fuscatis.

Long. corp. (mandib. incl.), une. 1.

Hab. N. Hebrides.

CLADOGNATHUS PRODUCTUS, Parry.

Mas.—C. fusco-niger, subopacus ; mandibulis capite brevioribus, parum curvatis, intus

irregulariter denticulatis; capite emarginato, angulis anticis oblique truncatis, infra

oculos paulo inflato. Prothorace fusco-cinnamomeo cincto, capite latiori, antice

angustato, lateribus fere rectis, angulis posticis rotundatis. Elytris fusco-cinna-

momeis, sublente confertim punctulatis, apice producto subacuminato. Tibiis

anticis irregulariter obtuse serratis, quatuor posticis simplicibus.

Long. corp. unc. 1; mandib. lin. 5.

Hab. Ternate. Coll. Wallace.

Foem.—C. niger, subnitidus; clypeo parvo, rotundato ; mandibulis brevibus, uniden-

tatis; capite antice rugoso, punctulato, postice leviusculo. Prothorace antice

angustato lateribus oblique rotundatis, fulvo-brunneis, in medio nigro maculatis.

Elytris fulvo-cinnamomeis, marginibus externe et sutura tenuiter nigris. Pedibus

rugoso-punctatis, nigris. Tibiis intermediis denticulo minuto armatis, pusticis-

que inermibus.

Long. unc. 1 (mandib. incl.)

Hab. Ins. Waizou. Coll. Wallace.

CLADOGNATHUS QUADRINODOSUS, ¢, Parry (Q ignoia).

C. ferrugineo-fuscus ; capite vertice minute quadrituberculato ; mandibulis gracilibus,

porrectis, apicibus acutis, intus spinis 8 vel 9 minimis irregulariter dentatis,

110

Tibiis intermédiis denticulo minimo instructis, posticisque inermibus. ‘Tarsis

subsetosis.

Long. corp. lin. 9 ; mandib. lin. 5.

Coll. Parry, etiam Mus. Brit.

CLADOGNATHUS FLAvIDUs, ¢, Parry (var. max., 2 ignota).

C. castaneus ; mandibulis, capite, thorace, suturaque nigro-marginatis; mandibulis

elongatis, subdepressis, intus quadridentatis, dente ante apicem obtuso, dente

medio elongato subtrigund. Tibiis anticis posticisque inermibus.

Long. corp. une. 1, lin. 6; mandib. lin. 5,

Hab. Ind. Or. Coll. Parry.

CLADOGNATHUS ELEGANS, ¢, Parry (Q tgnota).

C. cinnamomeus, gracilis; mandibulis capite paulo longioribus, arcuatis, depressis,

ante apicem dente truncato instructis; capite antice fortiter emarginato.

Elytris punctatis, subtiliter striatis, sutura fuscata.

Long. corp. (mandib. incl.) lin. 8.

Hab. Ind. Or. Coll. Parry.

CLADOGNATHUS SQUAMILATERIS, ¢, Parry (var. minor, 2 ignota).

C. fusco-niger, nitens, subparallelus; mandibulis brevibus irregulariter minute den-

tatis. Elytrorum prothoracisque marginibus lateralibus pilis cinereis tectis.

Tibiis quatuor posticis inermibus.

Long. corp. (mandib. incl.), unc. 1.

Hab. Borneo. Coll. Parry, Wallace, et Saunders.

CLaDoGNatTHuS ? potitus, ¢, Parry (Q ignota).

C. castaneo-fuscus, nitidus ; mandibulis brevibus, curvatis, dentibus tribus armatis ;

capite supra oculos angulato. Elytris glaberrimis, sutura late nigro-fusca. Tibiis

anticis denticulatis, quatuor posticis unispinosis.

Long. corp. une. 1, lin. 4; mandib. lin. 4.

Hab. Ind. Or.

CLADOGNATHUS PULVEROSUS, ¢, Parry (var. maz.)

?C. sericeus,?, Westw. Tr. Ent. Soc. vol. iv. 274, pl. 20, f. 3.

C. fuscus, pilis squamiformibus tlavo-cinereis densissime tectus; mandibulis porrectis,

intus bidentatis, dente apicali ante furcato; capite transverso, autice emarginato,

et pone oculos tuberculo conico instructo. Tibiis anticis sublente irregulariter

denticulatis, quatuor posticis inermibus. Tarsis subtus ciliatis.

Long. corp. unc. 1; mandib. lin. 4.

Hab. Malacca et Borneo.

111

CLaDOGNATHUS BIsIeNnaTUS, Parry.

C. niger, subeeneus, glaberrimus ; mandibulis brevibus, in medio unidentatis. Elytris

singulis ad apicem macula (@) aut striga (¢) fulva notatis ; femoribus inter-

mediis et posticis fulvo maculatis.

Long. corp. (mandib. incl.) lin. 10.

Hab. Ind. Or. (Cherra Pounga, Ponjee?). Coll. Parry.

CLADOGNATHUS FuLVONoTATUS, ¢, Parry (var. max., 2 ignota).

C. nigro-brunneus, eneo tinctus. Prothorace lateribus fulvo bimaculatis. Elytris

dorso valde politis, linea fulva pone humerum fere ad apicem ducta notatis.

Long. corp. lin. 10. Mandib. lin. 4.

Hab. Ind. Or. (Cherra Pounga, Ponjee?). Coll. Parry.

CLADOGNATHUS PERPLEXUS, ¢, Parry (var. minor, 2 ignota).

C. rufocastaneus, sublente minute punctatus, marginibus suturaque nigrescentibus ;

mandibulis brevibus, apicibus acutis, marginibus internis intus sex-dentatis.

Long. corp. (mandib. incl.) unc. 1.

Hab. Ind. Or. Coll. Parry.

CycLommatus* ZNEOMICANS, Parry.

Lucanus metallifer? (var. minor), Boisd. Voy. Astrolabe, pl. 6, f. 20.

Mas.—C. glabratus, fulvo-zneo nitens, sublente punctatus. Clypeo concavo triangulari;

capite emarginato, sub vertice depresso, supra oculos angulato; mandibulis fal-

catis, subdepressis, capite thoraceque paulo longioribus, denticulis parvis plurimis

subapicalibus intus armatis. Elytris subparallelis. Femoribus supra fulvo striatis.

Tibiis inermibus. :

Long. corp. unc. 1; mandib. lin. 43.

Fom.—C. fusco-brunneus, rugoso-punctatus, neo tinctus, subtus eneus; mandibulis

brevibus, infra et supra unidentatis. Clypeo parvo rotundato. Prothorace transverso,

lateribus infra emarginatis. Elytris elongatis, subparallelis; femoribus supra ut

in maribus fulvo striatis. Tibiis quatuor posticis unidentatis.

Long. corp. (mandib. incl.) lin. 10.

Hab. Batchian (4, 2). Coll. Wallace.

CycLommatus INsIenIs, d, Parry (var. med.)

C. fusco-eneus, supra et infra griseo squamosus ; capite supra triangulariter depresso,

margine antico deflexo. Clypeo parvo, conico; mandibulis capite paulo longior-

* In a paper (read before the Society on the Ist of December, 1862) upon Mr.

Thomson’s ‘ Catalogue of Lucanide,’ the sub-genus Cyclommatus was proposed by

Major Parry in lieu of Cyclophthalmus, Hope, the latter name having been employed

by Sternberg for a genus of Arachnid.

112

ibus, denticulis parvis subapicalibus intus armatis, et propé basin denticulo

binodoso instructis. Prothorace capite angustiori, lateribus infra in medio paulo

angulatis. Elytris subparallelis, quadrisulcatis, humeris subproductis. Tibiis

anticis obsolete unidentatis, posticis inermibus.

Long. corp. lin. 10; mandib. lin. 4.

Hab. Oriente.

CYCLORASIS SUBNITENS, $, Parry (Q ignota).

C. glaberrimus, cinnamomeus, minute punctulatus ; mandibulis brevibus, subrecurvis,

intus obtuse 6 vel 7 denticulatis, apice subfureatis; capite supra oculos angu-

lato.

Long. corp. (mandib. incl.) lin. 9.

Hab. Ind. Or. Coll. Parry.

Psatipostomus Fryi, $, Parry (var. max. 2 ignota).

P. niger; thorace elytrisque pilis cinereis brevibus adspersis; capite antice sub-

emarginato et elevato, supra oculos oblique truncato; mandibulis gracilibus,

porrectis, leviter falcatis, intus irregulariter dentatis. Prothorace transverso,

antice angustato et dense aureo-fulvo ciliato, angulis posticis valde acutis. Scu-

tello pilis aureo-fulvis tecto. ibiis anticis tridentatis, posticis inermibus.

Long. corp. unc. 1, lin. 2; mandib. lin. 7.

Hab. Braz. Prov. Cantagallo (specimen unicum). Coll. Dom. Fry.

PsaLipostomus Rorunpatus, &, Parry (Q ignota).

P. ferrugineus, nigro marginatus ; capite magno, lateribus pone oculos unitubercu-

latis; mandibulis brevibus, curvatis, apicibus furcatis, medio supra dente valido

armatis. Prothorace capite latiori, angulis posticis obliquis. Elytris brevibus,

paulo convexis. Tubiis anticis extus serrulatis, intermediis spina minuta armatis,

posticis inermibus.

Long. corp. lin. 6 ; mandib. lin. fere 2.

Hab. Amer. Merid. (Braz. ?). Coll. Mus. Berl. et Parry.

Doxcus DERELICTUS, 9, Parry (¢ ignota).

D. elongatus, niger, nitidus; capite inter oculos bitubereulato; mandibulis obsolete

unidentatis. Elytris levissimis, subparallelis. Tibiis posterioribus extus subcur-

vatis, inermibus.

Long. corp. (mandib. inel.), une. 1, lin. 5.

Hab. Ind. Or. Himalaya. Coll. Parry.

Aieus pLatyopon, ¢, Parry (var. max.)

AE. niger, parum nitidus; mandibulis falcatis, ad basin dente magno trifido armatis ;

capite Magno, transverso, antice medio profunde emarginato. Elytris punctato-—

striatis. Scutello sparsim et fortiter punctato. Tuibiis anticis serratis, denticulis

6 aut 7 armatis ; intermediis 4—5, posticisque 2 spinis minimis instructis.

Long. corp. lin. 13; mandib. lin. 4.

Hab. Gilolo. Coll. Wallace, Saunders, Parry.

113

Aicus? tritopatus, ¢, Parry.

Ai. nigro-fuscus ; capite, prothorace, elytrorumque marginibus, fusco-ferrugineis,

hirsutis ; mandibulis brevibus gracilibus, intus ad basin unidentatis; capite obscure

punctato, lateribus pone oculos emarginatis. Prothorace capite latiori, rude

punctato, lateribus singulariter trilobatis. Elytris ovalibus, in medio latioribus,

nitidis, profunde striatis, apice subproducto. Pedibus hirsutis. Tibiis anticis

minute denticulatis, posticisque inermibus.

Long. corp. (mandib. incl.) lin. 6.

Hab. Borneo. Coll. Parry.

FIGULUS MONILIFER, Parry.

F. elongatus, niger, levigatus; capite in medio excavato, valde punctato; mandi-

bulis unidentatis. Thorace antice in medio tuberculato, dorso suleo abbreviato

rude punctato. Elytris humeris antice porrectis, trisulcatis, sulco lo suturali

seriatim tuberculato, 2do et 3io lateribus punctatis, secundo valde abbreviato.

Tibiis anticis extus 5-dentatis, quatuor posticis unidentatis.

Long. corp. (mandib. incl.), lin. 6.

Hab. Nov. Zeal. Coll. Parry.

FieguLus mopestus, Parry.

F, parvus, niger ; prothorace in medio sulcato, antice tuberculato, lateribus punctatis.

Elytris profunde striatis, striis grosse punctatis, humeris subproductis. Anten-

nis pedibusque rufo-piceis.

Long. corp. (mandib. incl.), lin. 4.

Hab. Nov. Zeal. Coll. Parry.

FIGULUS SCARITIFORMIS, Parry.

F. parvulus, rufo-piceus; capite grosse punctato. Prothorace levigato, lateribus

vage et rude punctato, medio canaliculato, canaliculo punctato. Elytris profunde

striatis ; striis punctatis, apice subproducto.

Long. corp. (mandib. incl.), lin. 33.

Hab. Malacca. Coll. Parry.

New Part of the ‘ Transactions.’

Part 4 of vol. i. (third series) of the ‘ Transactions ’ of the Society, being the fourth

and last part for the year 1862, was announced as ready for distribution among the

Members and Subscribers.

114

January 5, 1863.

FrepeErRick SmirH, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

respective donors :—‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society,’ vol. xii. No. 52; presented by

the Society. ‘ Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, stiftet af Henrik Kroyer, udgivet af Prof.

J. C. Schiddte, Tredie Rackkes andet Hefte; by the Editor. ‘ Exotic Butterflies,’

part 45; by W. Wilson Saunders, Esq. ‘A Manual of European Butterflies; by

the Author, W. F. Kirby, Esq. ‘ The Intellectual Observer, Nos. 11 and 12; by the

publishers, Messrs. Groombridge and Sons. ‘The Zoologist’ for January; by the

Editor. ‘The Atheneum’ for November and December; by the Editor. ‘The

Journal of the Society of Arts’ for December; by the Society. ‘ The Entomologist’s

Annual’ for 1863; by the Editor, H. T. Stainton, Esq. ‘ Sitzungsberichte der k.

bayer. Akad. der Wissenschaften zu Munchen,’ 1862, I. Heft 4, II. Heft. 1; by the

Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. W. W. Saunders, after making some remarks on the importance, from a com-

mercial point of view, of a more intimate acquaintance with the various kinds of galls

and their fabricators, exhibited specimens of a gall found at Reigate on the roots of

the oak, and of another similar but larger root-gall recently brought from the Zulu

country by Mr. Couper: they appeared to be the production of several successive years,

and formed in fact an assemblage of galls upon galls, leading to the hypothesis that

the perfect insect laid its eggs within the galls of one year, and the produce of those

eggs produced the galls of the following year. Mr. Saunders also exhibited another

gall from South Africa which was rather soft to the touch, and was found in clusters

upon a species of Cissus; it was doubtless the production of a Cynips, though the

insect had not been discovered.

Mr. Saunders also exhibited living specimens of a species of Bruchus from the

seeds of Erythrina Saundersonii.

Professor Westwood exhibited a large tough pouch-like larva-nest from Africa,

which had been cut off from the branch of a tree to which it had been attached. The

tough interior material had several holes in it, which were covered exteriorly with

cone-shaped masses of woolly matter; these were evidently door-ways for the exit of

the larve, but it was difficult to imagine that a larva which had once emerged could

again effect an entrance through the same passage. ‘The nest was doubtless that of

some gregarious Lepidopterous larva, and was somewhat analogous to that of Kucheira

socialis described many years ago by the Professor in the ‘ Transactions’ of the Society.

Professor Westwood also exhibited the leaves of various plants which had been mined

by the larve of Micro-Lepidoptera, mounted on glass, with the larve inside their

mines. This novel method of exhibiting the miners, and the shape and peculiarities

of their workings, was due to Mr. S. Stone, of Brighthampton.

Mr. 8S. Stevens exhibited a fine Psalidognathus from Quito, and a remarkable

instance of arrested development in one of the hind wings of a specimen of Papilio

Pammon, brought by Mr. A. R. Wallace from the Sulu Islands.

115

Mr. J. Fenn exhibited an unusual variety of Ellopia fasciaria.

Mr. Stainton exhibited several remarkable varieties of well-known species of Lepi-

doptera from the collection of Mr. W. H. Bibbs, of Worcester, including Vanessa

Urtice, V. Atalanta, Arge Galathea, Arctia Caja, Eriogaster lanestris, &c.

Mr. Percy Wormald exhibited a specimen of Limnephilus nobilis of Kolenati, a

Trichopterous insect new to Britain, which had been captured at Ruislip, Middlesex,

on the 29th of September, 1862.

Sir John Hearsey exhibited a collection of thirty-two species of Sphingide from

India.

Papers read.

Mr. W. W. Saunders read a further paper on the genus Catascopus, and gave

descriptions of seven new species, from Mr. A. R. Wallace’s collection, under the names

of C. Wallacei, C. versicolor, C. ruficollis, C. levipennis, C. elongatus, C. punctipennis

and C. eneus. Specimens of these, with other species of the genus, were exhibited to

the Meeting. ;

Mr. Waterhouse read some “ Notes on Omalium riparium, Thoms., Homalota

levana, Muls., Kr., H. dilaticornis, Kraatz, and H. nigritula.” Specimens of these

species were exhibited to the Meeting.

Mr. Walker communicated a paper entitled “Characters of Undescribed South-

African Lepidoptera-Heterocera, in the collection of W.S. M. D’Urban, Esq.”

Major Parry communicated a paper entitled “A few Observations upon Lucanus

Lama, Oliv., and its Synonymy.”

The President read some “ Observations on Ants of Equatorial Africa,” containing

a criticism of some of the statements of M. Du Chaillu with respect to the ants of that

region.

Mr. W. F. Kirby read a paper “‘ On the Geographical Distribution of European

Rhopalocera,” in which the author expressed himself as an adherent to the Darwinian

theory of the origin and development of species.

AnnuaL GENERAL MEETING.

January 26, 1863.

FREDERICK SmirH, Hsq., President, in the chair.

An Abstract of the Treasurer’s Accounts for 1862, and the Annual Report of the

Council on the general concerns of the Society, were read.

The following gentlemen were elected Members of the Council for the ensuing year.

Messrs, Dunning, Grut, Sir John Hearsey, M‘Lachlan, Pascoe, W. W. Saunders, E.

Shepherd, F. Sinith, Stainton, S. Stevens, Waterhouse, J. J. Weir and Professor West-

wood.

The following Officers were then elected for the ensuing year. Mr. F. Smith,

President; Mr. 8. Stevens, Treasurer; Messrs, Shepherd and Dunning, Secretaries ;

Mr. Janson, Curator.

116

The President delivered an Address on the present state of the Society, in which

he reviewed the acta entomologica of the past year.

Mr. Stainton proposed, Professor Westwood seconded, and the Meeting unani-

- mously carried, a vote of thanks to the President for his conduct in, the chair during

his year of office, and in particular for the Address which he had just delivered. The

vote was accompanied by a request that the President would allow the Address to be

published in the ‘Journal of Proceedings.’

The President returned thanks to the Society for the vote just passed, and also for

te-electing him to the Presidential chair.

A vote of thanks to the Treasurer, Secretaries, and the retiring Members of the

Council, for their services during the past year, was also carried unanimously, and was

acknowledged by Messrs. Stevens, Dunning and Lubbock respectively.

117

Report of the Council for 1862.

In accordance with the Bye-Laws the Council begs to present the following

Report.

In the first place we congratulate the Society upon the good attendance of Members

and the interest attaching to the proceedings at our Monthly Meetings. Whether

viewed with reference to the number of visitors from all parts who have honoured us

with their presence, the objects exhibited, the papers read, the discussions thereupon,

or the amount of valuable information disseminated, we think that the year last past

will bear comparison with any of its predecessors.

We rejoice to say that, notwithstanding many resignations which the Council can-

not but deplore, the number of those composing the Society has slightly increased since

the last Anniversary. We have lost by resignation five Members and seven Subscri-

bers; we have also lost one Member by death. On the other hand we have elected

ten new Members and four new Subscribers, thus making a total of fourteen added in

lieu of thirteen removed.

And here, perhaps, it may not be out of place to allude to the loss which Entomo-

logy has sustained by the death of two gentlemen, each of whom had filled our Presi-

dential chair. On the first constitution of this Society the Rev. F. W. Hope was

appointed Treasurer and one of our Vice-Presidents. The latter office he filled for

many years, and for four years he was our President. It is not necessary.to remind

you in detail of the services he rendered to Science, but we cannot refrain from a refer-

ence to that crowning act of his munificence which placed his entire collection at the

disposal of the University of Oxford, and instituted the Professorship of Zoology which

is so worthily filled, on its founder’s nomination, by our colleague Professor Westwood.

As long as Oxford endures, so long will the name of Hope be inseparably connected

with the study of Natural History ; and we trust that a school of natural philosophers

will be nurtured in that ancient seat of learning, whose scientific achievements will

not only do honour to their founder’s memory, but will also maintain, and, if possible,

elevate, the position of our countrymen among the naturalists of the world.

The other loss to which we have referred is that of John Curtis, the author of the

‘ British Entomology, the plates of which are universally acknowledged to have been

executed with such exceeding and life-like accuracy of detail as to have secured for

their author a permanent position in the ranks of scientific investigators. It is now

several years since Mr. Curtis’s connexion with this Society ceased. His devotion to

Science cost him his eye-sight ; death has now closed his career of darkness, and opened

to him the gates of never ending light.

The Council has received from the Library and Cabinet Committee its Annual

Report. The Library generally is in good condition, has received many additions,

chiefly as donations, and its advantages have during the past year been utilized by

Members to an extent hitherto unprecedented.

No addition has been made to any of the Collections. But on the other hand some

progress has been made in the re-arrangement of the Coleoptera, and the Council is

now in a position to ask the assistance of Members in supplying the wants of the

Society’s collection from the superabundance of their own. The Cabinet is now ready

for the reception of a complete collection of the British species of Coleoptera ; but in

118

rearranging the Society’s specimens, those whose condition is imperfect are being dis-

carded, and the result is that many even of our commonest species are totally unre-

presented. The Svciety’s collection ought to be a good one, and, if it continue to exist

_ at-all, ought to be made better than it is. The present is a favourable moment

for invoking the assistance of our Coleopterists. It must not be forgotten that a

Society like this has a position to maintain and duties to perform. One of such duties

surely is to lend a helping hand to those who need assistance and encouragement in

the pursuit of that branch of Science which is specially committed to our care. To

enable us properly to perform this duty, our predecessors have thought that the Society

ought to possess a collection of the Entomological products at least of our own country.

It is only by the liberality of individual collectors that our corporate collection can be

maintained, and we venture therefore to appeal most earnestly to those who have the

opportunity of collecting, and at this moment we appeal more especially to the Cole-

opterists, to make such donations of specimens as it may be in their power to bestow.

We are not asking for unique specimens or those of extreme rarity; we ask only that

each will contribute such as he may have in duplicate and in good condition, available

for the purposes of study and scientific examination, that by this means the collection

may be made a greater credit to the Society, and more in correspondence with the

state of entomological knowledge in this country.

We turn now to finance. The Society will have learnt from the Abstract of the

Treasurer’s Accounts which has been read this evening that the cash balance in hand

has during the past year been reduced, or in other words the payments for 1862 have

exceeded the receipts, by £76 5s. 3d. Our present assets are £34 8s. 4d. in hand, |

and £109 14s. 9d. three per cent. Consols. |

The Council feels that some explanation of this is necessary ; and at the outset we

beg to state that this excess of expenditure over income has been deliberately aud

designedly incurred; we have not drifted into extravagance unawares. A Society

well established and influentially supported, whose numbers are large and the annual

contribution high, may very reasonably seek to lay by some portion of its annual

income; but a Society whose while incuwe is derived from single guineas, and they

not over abundant, cannot afford to hoard its funds or starve the present generation

for the sake of the next. A Society must, by a liberal use of the means at its disposal,

first establish for itself a certain position before it can afford to save. We are of opinion

that for a body situated like ourselves, it is neither necessary, nor at present desirable,

that a large surplus should be retained; some reserve-fund must of course be kept to

provide against unforeseen emergencies, but the amount thus unproductive should be

kept within narrow limits, and should not exceed the probable requirements of the case.

Nothing will so much conduce to the interests of the Society, and ultimately to its

pecuniary advantage, as a judicious liberality in the use of our present resources. In

plain terms, if we wish to advance the Society we must give our present Members and

Subscribers as much as we can for their money.

That an ill-timed parsimony is in the end the most expensive policy has been

forcibly brought to our notice during the past year. Our predecessors, either from an

economy rendered necessary by the then state of the finances, or induced perhaps by

the excusable, but (as we think) the mistaken desire, of showing at all cost a large

balance in hand, have cast upon us liabilities which we have now to meet. To effect

a temporary saving then of the price of printing a few more copies of the plates for the

‘Transactions,’ a ten-fold expense is thrown upon us now, which must be incurred

119

before the stock of our publications can be made available for sale. A policy like this is

not compensated for by the small additions which it makes to the reserve-fund, and we

trust that when we have escaped from the incubus that now presses upon us no such

damnosa hereditas as that to which we have referred will be left to our successors.

Part of the necessary outlay for completing the plates required for the past volumes

of the ‘ Transactions, has been already defrayed ; the rest remains to be provided, and

we consider it proper to state openly to the Society that if it be your pleasure to re-elect

the retiring Officers we shall think it right to pursue the policy of last year, and still

further to reduce the balance in hand in order to meet the extraordinary expenses

which as above mentioned have been cast upon us, and so to leave the current income

to supply the current wants of the Society.

But the liabilities already alluded to are not the only set of arrears with which we

have had to deal. The largest item in our expenditure for 1862 (amounting altogether

to £172 9s. 10d.) is for printing and illustrating new parts of the ‘ Transactions’ and

‘Journal of Proceedings.’ Besides producing a general index to the five volumes

composing the second series of the ‘ Transactions’ and ‘ Proceedings, a third series

has been commenced, and four parts of the first volume have appeared during the year.

Those parts contain no less than thirty separate papers, extending over 416 pages and

illustrated by 13 plates, and the ‘ Proceedings’ comprise 96 pages. We may mention that

the previous volume (1859-61) included only twenty-eight papers, exteuding over 420

pages. It appears, therefore, that during 1862 the Society has published as much as

it did during the three previous years all put together; and not oaly has the quantity

increased, but we believe that the quality has not deteriorated, and that the volume in

question, both in the value and variety of its contents, may well vie with any of its

forerunners. We have in fact published in one year the papers which were read

during two years, and this of course has materially increased our outgoings. We trust,

however, that the Society will be of opinion that the course adopted was judicious ; we

cannot but think it desirable that papers should be published as svon as possible after

they are read to the Society; the authors themselves will more readily favour us with

further communications, others will be more likely to become authors, the readers of

the ‘ Transactions’ get their information earlier, and the Society itself has a better

claim to regard, as the promulgator of the latest scientific views, rather than the tardy

distributor of stale intelligence. We rejoice to inform the Meeting that the whole

mass of arrears has now been published; and, in fact, papers which were read at the

Ordinary Meeting for this present month are now in type, and will in February be

ready for your perusal.

Another event of unfrequent occurrence and calling for passing notice has been the

revision of the Bye-Laws. The changes introduced were not of a very sweeping or

extensive character. The constitution as amended in 1855 worked well in nearly all

its details, and the Council trusts that the further amendments of 1862 will ensure to

the Society at least a sepiennium of uninterrupted harmony and ever-increasing pros-

perity.

January 26, 1863.

THE PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS.

GENTLEMEN,

Custom has established it as a duty on the part of the President

of this Society that at its Anniversary Meeting he. shall lay before

the Members a brief account of the proceedings of the Society during

the past year. With this duty I have great pleasure in complying,

because I think we have reason for congratulation, as well on account

of the prosperity of the Society as on account of the progress that

has been made in the Science we cultivate. In the first place, then,

T will make a few observations on the present state of the Society ;

secondly, I will endeavour to educe from this statement what are its

future prospects; and, lastly, I will take a glance at what has been

done towards the advancement of Entomology by the publication

of memoirs, &c., which have appeared in the various periodicals in

this country during the past year.

First, then, as regards our own Society. An important alteration

has been made in the laws which regulate our proceedings: until the

present Anniversary the office of Curator has been of a more perma-

nent character than it will probably prove to be under the new regu-

lation; the election to that office will now be of annual occurrence,

instead of, as heretofore, by the appointment of the Council in the

first instance, and by, as it were, an annual confirmation of the same

by the report of the Library and Cabinet Committee. There can be

no doubt that annual election has many advantages: we all know

how apt we are to become lax in our duties when in snug possession,

and although no such charge can be brought against Mr. Janson,

who has ably fulfilled the duties of Curator for so long a period, still

it may possibly hereafter be found to be a salutary remedy in the

case of a less active and energetic Curator.

121

Report of the Library and Cabinet Committee.

The Report of the Library and Cabinet Committee is in many

respects very satisfactory. You have heard that the Library is in

good condition, and that considerable additions have been made to it

during the past year, principally through the very liberal presentations

that have been made to us. It is also very satisfactory to find that

we are in a condition to make a grant of money out of our surplus

for the purpose of binding some of the more important works, which,

in an unbound state, are much less available for purposes of study or

reference: for these purposes I am happy to find the Members of |

the Society are availing themselves of the Library to a much greater —

extent than heretofore.

The next item in the report has excited my own, and I feel assured

it has also your astonishment and regret: to me it appears quite

unaccountable. This is the passage I allude to :—“ No addition has

been made to any of the collections during the past year.” Had no

part of our collections been in a state of arrangement I could well

have understood it, but this cannot be said of the order Lepidoptera;

and it has been well known, as regards our collection of Coleoptera,

that that order was in process of arrangement in accordance with

Mr. Waterhouse’s Catalogue. In my opinion, if the Entomological

Society determines upon having a collection of British Insects, that

collection should stand unrivalled for completeness; whereas it is a

lamentable fact, that, as regards the collection of Coleoptera, a tyro

of two years’ standing would be ashamed of it; and I fear the Lepi-

doptera, with the exception of a few rarities scattered amongst

its ranks, will not stand a comparison with the private collection

of any Member of this Society. Surely this cannot be generally

known. I cannot but believe that every Member of this Society

will hold the opinion which I have stated to be my own,—that

the best, the most complete collection of British insects, ought to

be found in the Museum of the Entomological Society of London.

Is that tl opinion of my brother Members? If so, let cabinets be

prepared for the reception of all the Orders of insects, and let us try

earnestly, and with an unflinching determination, to attain an end so

desirable. For my own part, I will supply every species of aculeate

Hymenoptera of which I possess more than a single example; if

others will join in a similar manner in the endeavour to attain so

desirable an end, I feel assured that, twelvemonths hence, we shall

have made immense progress in the work.

122

In making these observations I cannot but feel that it may be the

opinion of the majority of the Members of this Society that it were

better to limit our acquisitions to books alone, that the possession of

a first-rate library should be our aim, and that a collection of insects

is not of importance, since every Member, or at least nearly so, forms

a private collection of his own of the particular Order to which he

principally devotes his study. However this may be, I am quite

satisfied in my own mind, that this Society would be far better off

without a collection, than with that which is now called the Col-

lection of British Insects of the Entomological Society of London, and

which, in its present condition, can only be considered a reproach.

The Society's Finances.

Although the Auditors’ Abstract of Accounts shows an increase in

our expenses during the past year, and that such expenses have ex-

ceeded those of 1861 by the sum of £52 13s. 6d., still, when this is

known to have arisen entirely from our having published five parts

of the ‘Transactions,’ some of them unusually large, and thus, by

one vigorous effort, cleared away all the accumulated arrears of

Papers, I feel confident the Members will not think the Council have

been imprudently lavish. J have no doubt the result will prove the

additional outlay to have been a wise economy. Our present liabilities

are not a pound more than they were last year, and we have still a

balance in hand independent of our funded capital.

I am much gratified by.being able to report to you, that during the

past year we have elected ten Members and four Subscribers, an

increase which certainly indicates the spread of entomological Science.

Our losses, I regret to find, have been very great, more I fear than

have occurred for many years; this is, however, attributable to cir-

cumstances which, let us hope, will not again occur to sow disunion

amongst our ranks. Let us learn under all circumstances to act in

strict accordance with the laws of our Society; and although it may

happen that a majority of the members hold opinions at variance with

our own, let us constantly bear in mind that we have bound ourselves

to be governed by the majority on all occasions, and have attested

our determination to do so by subscribing our names in the signature-

book of the Society.

Obituary.

During the past year Entomology has lost its most illustrious illus-

trator: John Curtis, Hisq., died on the 6th day of October, 1862, in

the 71st year of his age. Mr. Curtis was only for a short time a

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Member of this Society. He was elected President in 1855, but in

consequence of the rapid failure of his sight he was compelled entirely

to relinquish his favourite pursuits, and consequently resigned at the

end of that year. The most eminent oculists in Europe were con-

sulted, but in vain; the overtaxed organs had lost their functions,

_ and within a few months of the time when he ceased to be a Member

of this Society almost total blindness ensued. A few particulars of

Mr. Curtis’s life, obtained from his widow, will I trust prove accept-

able and interesting to my brother Members.

Mr. Curtis was born at Norwich in 1791. From his earliest years

he evinced a love for natural objects; his first attachment was to

flowers, his mother being a great cultivator of them. At the age of

four he was deprived of a father’s care, his education consequently

devolving on his mother, who sent him at that age to school at

Norwich. At this time he had acquired considerable proficiency in

drawing flowers, and had also commenced to form a collection of but-

terflies. At school he met with kindred spirits, and in company with

them made excursions to Mousehold Heath and Horning Fen in

search of rarities; at the latter place, he told me, he first saw Papilio

Machaon alive. His success on his various excursions to these

localities inspired in him a love for entomological pursuits that

remained unabated through life.

_ At the age of sixteen he was placed in the office of a solicitor, but

law had no charms for him, for, as he observed, while he was en-

grossing parchment, Entomology was engrossing his mind, and at the

expiration of two years he quitted an employment so uncongenial to

his taste. About this time he became acquainted with Mr. Simon

Wilkin, the possessor of a fine collection of insects. With this

gentleman he resided some time as Curator, assisting in arranging

and augmenting his collection. Mr. Wilkin’s collection was consulted

by most of the eminent entomologists of the day, so that Mr. Curtis

very early in life became acquainted with most of the living celebrities.

Mr. Kirby was a frequent visitor, as well as Messrs. Hooker, Lindley

and Sparshall.* By this time he had become a very competent

draughtsman, since, in addition to his practice in drawing insects and

flowers, he received instruction in drawing landscapes from the now

eminent, but then little estimated, master, Old Crome of Norwich,

Every lover of landscape who visited the late Great Exhibition must

* Mr. Wilkin died at Hampstead on the 28th of July, 1862, in the 72nd year of

his age.

124

have been charmed with that noble English landscape, Mousehold

Heath near Norwich. ‘There were five or six other pictures by this

master, which will never be forgotten by lovers of landscape beauty

who were fortunate enough to discover them amidst the overwhelming

amount of talent displayed upon the walls of the British division of

Art, in the late Exhibition, Curtis, then, as he himself told me, had

the advantage of such a master as Old Crome; but notwithstanding

his progress as a draughtsman, he resolved, in addition, to obtain

instruction in the art of -etching, having at that time formed a reso-

lution, should opportunity offer, of illustrating the British genera of

insects. The first etchings which were published of Mr. Curtis's

entomological plates were those which illustrate Kirby and Spence’s

‘Tntroduction to Entomology ;’ these were followed by a set of plates,

executed from his own drawings, illustrative of Kirby’s famous

‘Century of Insects.’

In 1819 Mr. Curtis came to London, and, as the friend of Mr. Kirby,

was soon introduced to Sir Joseph Banks, Dr. Leach, and all the

leading scientific men of the day; his talents as an entomological

draughtsman soon led to engagements with the Linnean, Horticultural,

and other Societies. At this period he resolved to embark in his long-

cherished attempt to illustrate the Genera of British Insects, and in

1824 the first part of his ‘ British Entomology’ appeared. ‘This great

work occupied sixteen years of his life, and formed the same number

of volumes ; and it may be mentioned as a proof of the untiring zeal

and faithful adherence to his contract with his subscribers,—to pro-

duce a part regularly at stated intervals,—that not in a single instance

did he fail to produce the part on the promised day of publication.

Every entomologist must be familiar with the exquisite plates which

illustrate these sixteen volumes, and on all hands I feel assured they

will be pronounced to be unsurpassed by any entomological illustra-

tions in existence ; but every one is not familiar with the 769 exquisite

drawings from which the plates were engraved. Were I to express my

own appreciation of them as an artist, I fear it would be estimated as

the exaggerated praise of an enthusiast: I will content myself by

saying that I have never seen any entomological drawings that would

stand a comparison with them; they are “ beautiful exceedingly.” It

is to be hoped that this collection of drawings will be deposited in

some public institution in this country, since upon them wi!! the fame

of Curtis, as an entomological draughtsman, stand secure ; and it would

be a circumstance of deep regret to every entomologist, should they

be eventually deposited ina foreign country.

125

‘During the progress of the ‘British Entomology,’ Mr. Curtis

frequently contributed illustrated papers to various ‘ Transactions,’

magazines, &c. In the * Transactions of the Linnean Society ’ will

be found a valuable paper on the insects collected by Captain King

on the coast of South America, and also a paper, illustrated by one

of his exquisite plates, on the insects collected by Captain Ross in

the Arctic regions. His contributions to the ‘ Gardener’s Chronicle,’

on insects injurious to Agriculture and the produce of the garden,

amounted to about 120 papers ; these are signed “Ruricola.” Perhaps

the most valuable results of his scientific investigations are to be

found in the series of “ Reports on the Economy of Insects obnoxious

to the Farmer and Gardener ;” these, as you are aware, were pub-

lished in the ‘Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society ;’ they

were sixteen in number, and were illustrated by a series of plates

engraved by myself from the beautiful drawings of the author of

the papers.

You are all aware that we have too frequently to regret the

jealousies that arise between brother naturalists, and how often the

friendship of years is broken by some untoward clashing of profes-

sional interests. In the life of Mr. Curtis such an event took place,

and severed for many years two of the most eminent entomologists

of those days. It is, however, a satisfaction to know, that some

time previous to the death of Mr. James Francis Stephens, a recon-

ciliation between them took place; and it was no uncommon circum-

stance to see them both in the insect room at the British Museum

discussing entomological matters in friendly communion. All jea-

lousies and bitterness, if any such remained, were buried by Mr.

Curtis long before his death; let his good report alone live after

him.

It now becomes my duty to record the loss which this Society has

sustained in one of its oldest Members, John Walton, Esq., F.L.S.,

of Knaresborough, Yorkshire.

Mr. Walton was born at Knaresborough, on the 23rd of July, 1784.

On the completion of his education he was placed in the counting-

house of his uncle, a sugar refiner, in Rupert Street, Whitechapel,

whom he ultimately succeeded in that business. At an early

period of his residence in London he became a member of the Mathe-

matical Society of Spitalfields, in which he studied the Sciences of

Chemistry and Botany with much assiduity, especially the former,

which he applied practically to the refinement of sugar, with great

success and pecuniary advantage. In 1882, finding his long-continued

126

and arduous exertions had considerably undermined his constitution,

he determined upon retiring altogether from business. This he was

able to do with an ample fortune, and to seek, in change of scene and

peaceful retirement, the means of restoring his somewhat overtaxed

constitution. For this purpose he located himself and family for

some months at the pleasant little village of Mickleham. Mr. Walton

soon found the benefit of this change, and quickly regained his health

and strength. His naturally active mind impelled him irresistibly

to active pursuits, and in Entomology he found a new and agreeable

excitement. His first entomological studies led him to the formation

of a collection of Lepidoptera. Norbury Park being in the imme-

diate neighbourhood of his residence, we find him, in the company of

Dr. Bowerbank and Mr. Hoyer, collecting moths on the yew berries :

this he has recorded in the ‘ Entomological Magazine.’ In 1833, at

the same locality, he reaped a plentiful harvest, devoting five hours

every night for twenty-eight nights in succession. A list of his cap-

tures was published, including many species which at that time were

of great rarity. Lepidoptera, however, only engaged his attention in

part ; Coleoptera were sought after with equal assiduity, and shortly

afterwards entirely engrossed his attention. About 1837 Mr. Walton

appears to have commenced his investigations of the family of the

Curculionids, and in 1838 the first results appeared in a paper

entitled “‘ Notes on Sitones, Polydrosus, Phyllobius and Apion.” Every

collection in the metropolis, likely to contain any species of his now

favourite family, was most carefully examined. With the Linnean

and Banksian collections he soon became perfectly familiar. He

entered into correspondence with Schénherr, Dr. Germar, M. Chey-

rolat, &c., forwarding to each series of British examples, and receiving

from them types of their species, together with a large amount of

other valuable information.

In the February part of the ‘Annals and Magazine of Natural His-

tory, 1844, the first paper on Curculionide published in that journal

appeared ; it contained a revision of the nomenclature of the genus

Rhynchites. All Mr. Walton’s subsequent papers on Curculionids

appeared in the same journal; a paper on the genus Bruchus and

the first portion of the genus Apion were published during the

same year. In 1845 two papers, concluding the revision of the

genus Apion, appeared. In 1846 the genera Cneorhinus, Stropho-

somus, Sitones, Polydrosus and Phyllobius were revised, whilst

in 1847 the genera Trachyphleus, Omias and Otiorhynchus under-

went revision. In 1848 his task was resumed with increased

127

energy, and the genera Tropiphorus, Procas, Phytonomus, Pissodes,

HKrirhinus and Anthonomus were published. In 1851 only one short

paper appeared, a revision of the genera Dorytomus and Ellescus.

In 1852 his last paper on the family was published; it is intituled

“ Descriptions of two new British Genera belonging to the family

Curculionide.”

Thus we find that out of the eighty-eight genera of Rhyncophora

found in this country, Mr. Walton published a revision of twenty-

three, accompanied with his interesting and valuable observations.

In 1856 Mr. Walton presented a copy of his private synonymic list

to the British Museum for publication.

In order to appreciate the value of Mr. Walton’s labours on the

Curculionide it is only necessary to compare the state of the genera

and species, as they appear in Stephens’ ‘ Manual of British Coleop-

tera, with the revised list. Those only who had the good fortune to

be intimately acquainted with Mr. Walton in his study, and also in

the field, can appreciate the enthusiastic ardour which he brought to

bear in the investigation of the difficult family he had selected for his

study. From earliest spring to the latest days of autumn, for several

years in succession, he devoted himself exclusively to the collection

of this family, whilst in the examination of a species he never rested

satisfied if he fancied the possibility of a doubt remained ; whatever

he did, he did thoroughly. A day in the fields with Mr. Walton

was one on which no one could fail to add largely to his own stock

of entomological knowledge; as he was indefatigable in his labours

as a collector, he was equally liberal in the dispensation of informa-

tion as well as of specimens among his brother entomologists. He

ultimately deposited the most valuable portion of his collection in

the British Museum. He was for many years a Fellow of the Lin-

nean Society, an old member of the Entomological Club, and a life

member of this Society. By his brother contemporary entomologists

his memory will ever be held in cherished remembrance. He died

on the 8rd day of the present month at his native town, Knares-

borough, in Yorkshire.

The British Museum.

The Society will be glad to learn that large additions have been

made to the collections of the British Museum: 8272 specimens of

Coleoptera, 1179 of Lepidoptera, 512 of Hymenoptera, 317 of Homop-

tera and Hemiptera, 54 of Diptera, and 199 of Arachnida have been

added, making a total of 5533 specimens of insects added during the

128

last year ; an ample proof of the fact, that the energetic keeper of the

Zoological collections loses no opportunity of enriching the Entomo-

logical portion, as far as the funds granted to the department will allow.

I have great pleasure in mentioning that Members of this Society, as

well as other entomologists, have made liberal presents to the British

Collection during the past year. 704 specimens have been presented by

the following gentlemen: Messrs. Bond, Dale, Francis, Kirby, Lewis,

M‘Lachlan, Parfitt, Piffard, Reading, Rye, H. Smith, Stokes, Wor-

mald, and the Rev. Hugh Stowell.

Meetings of the Society.

I am happy to report that the ordinary meetings of the Society .

have been exceedingly well attended during the past season. It were

invidious, perhaps, to particularize any amongst a series of papers

read. before the Society, all of great excellence; but I wish briefly to

mention one, and also publicly to express my regret to find a system

with regard to priority of nomenclature —a system most unjust

between brother entomologists—gaining ground amongst continental

authors, Dr. Schaum considers it right to restore an older name

should the description given at the time of its publication be such as

would enable a competent entomologist to recognise it. The recog-

nition of a species from a description, however, depends greatly upon

the number of closely allied species by which it may be surrounded ;

under some circumstances a few words will prove amply sufficient,

whilst under others it might require half an octavo page. But the

system I condemn, not only as unjust, but totally indefensible, is the

practice of using the names given by British entomologists, but quo-

ting them from a more recent work as those of some continental

Naturalist, and leaving unnoticed the name of the original author.

A single example will explain my meaning: the Chrysis neglecta of

Shuckard was well described by him in a monograph of the family,

published in the ‘ Entomological Magazine’ in 1887; it was also

described by Dahlbom in the second volume of the ‘ Hymenoptera

Europea,’ published in 1854, under the name of C. integrella. In

M. Chevrier’s recently published Monograph of the Chrysidide the

latter name is adopted for the species ; and several similar instances

occur in the same publication. Nothing can be more unjust, or

tend more to the confusion of nomenclature. There are, however;

several continental entomologists, honourable exceptions, whose con-

duct is not open to this remark, but they are only few among the

many. 3

129

Entomological Works and Papers published in 1862.

During the past year the British Museum, has only published two

catalogues of insects, parts 25 and 26 of Lepidoptera, by Mr. Walker;

these finish the List of the Geometride.

The ‘ Entomologist’s Annual,’ which year by year becomes more inte-

resting and valuable, contains information on species of nearly every

Order of insects, a vast improvement upon some of the preceding

volumes. Hnglish entomologists are greatly indebted to Dr. Hagen for

the publication of his papers on the Neuroptera. His Synopsis of the

British Phryganide has been the means of attracting the attention of

some of our younger Members to these interesting insects, by placing

at their command clear and full descriptions of the species, so far as

they were discovered in this country at the time of the publication of

his paper ; the consequence has been, the discovery of additional new

species to our Fauna. If a similar set of papers were published upon

the orders Hemiptera and Homoptera, we should soon have a num-

ber of students investigating them. It is true, with regard to the

Hemiptera, we are promised a Monograph on the British Species in

the Ray Society's publications, and in the hands of Messrs. Douglas

and Scott no doubt the work will be one of great excellence and

utility; but I trust they will also give us a Monograph in a more

portable and cheaper form, so as to place a manual of that Order in

the hands of those who cannot afford to subscribe to the Ray

Society. The ‘ Annual’ as usual contains much interesting matter on

the Lepidoptera by the Editor, H. Von Heinemann, and the Rev. H.

Harpur Crewe. <A few notes on Hymenoptera were contributed by

myself, The most laborious, and at the same time exceedingly useful,

paper is that upon the “New British Species of Coleoptera,” with

numerous corrections of nomenclature : we are much indebted to Mr.

Rye for the complete and conscientious work he has placed before us.

Having had some experience in making such emendations and descrip-

tions I can only express my hope that this work was a labour of love.

Mr. M‘Lachlan has contributed an excellent paper, and a faithful

chronicle of captures of Trichoptera, together with notes on British

Neuroptera. Mr. John Scott has contributed a paper on British Hemip-

tera, describing two new species, and giving a list of species detected in

Britain during the season; the latter amount to twenty-six species,

a proof of what can be done when the attention of entomologists is

directed to the observation of a hitherto much neglected order of

insects.

130

In the ‘Transactions’ of this Society have appeared various

papers by Messrs. Hewitson, Moore, Lubbock, Schaum, Verloren,

- Wollaston, Desvignes, Stainton, M‘Lachlan, Smith, Walker, Water-

house and Trimen, and these are illustrated by thirteen plates. You

are too well acquainted with the subject of these papers to render

it necessary for me to recapitulate them. All the papers have been

read during the last two years, and so nearly have we now succeeded

in printing all the communications in hand, that the complaint, so often

made of papers being read and then shelved for years, may be said to

be no longer applicable to this Society. For this we are mainly

indebted to our able and energetic Secretary, Mr. Dunning.

The ‘ Zoologist,’ as ‘usual, contains a large amount of useful in-

formation, notices of localities for rare insects, modes of capture and

habitats of insects, also valuable notices of appearances of species in

great numbers, &c. I am also happy to find that our Member, Mr.

J. W. May, favours us with a continuation of the “ Life-Histories of

Sawflies, translated from the Dutch of M. Snellen Van Vollenhoven.”

These truly scientific and valuable contributions are a great boon to

English Hymenopterists, so few having any knowledge of the lan-

guage in which the original papers are written. I would also mention

a paper by Mr. Edwin Brown, “ On the Plan upon which Bees and

Wasps construct their Cells.” The theory here announced, is, if I

mistake not, that propounded by Mr. Waterhouse in the ‘ Penny Cy-

clopedia’ not less, I believe, than twenty-five years ago. I will not

trespass on your patience by reiterating my own views of this theory,

having done so in various communications to this Society long ago,

but I will call attention to one or two points. Mr. Brown says, “‘ Hvery

cell during its progress is impinged upon by six other cells, and, as

all progress at the same time, produce inevitably the hexagonal struc-

ture.” In order to prove that it is not necessary that a cell should

be impinged upon by six others, I will refer Mr. Brown to the sixth

plate that illustrates my ‘ Catalogue of the Vespide,’ in which a faith-

ful representation of a nest of Icaria guttatipennis is figured, showing

six hexagonal cells standing in a row on the branch of a shrub.

Again it is stated “It is only when another line of cells is in process

of erection that the cells in the outer ring assume a hexagonal shape.”

This is true, but I possess portions of wasps’ combs, or rather the

beginnings of combs, in which perhaps twenty are completed, others

being only just commenced at their base, the rest are carried up to

their full height ; but had the parent wasp or wasps, as the case might

be, not intended to have extended the comb beyond that limit, I am

131

fully assured the outer walls would not have been carried up in angular

planes of a hexagon, for in that case the form of the outer portion of

the cells would be semicircular. But wasps not only build hexagonal

cells, but sometimes, as is the case with a South-American species,

Apoica pallida, they occasionally construct hexagonal combs. Beau-

tiful examples of this form may be seen in the nest room at the

British Museum.

In the twenty-third volume of the ‘ Transactions of the Linnean

Society, published in March last, will be found one of the most im-

portant contributions to the Science of Entomology that has perhaps

appeared during the past year. It is entitled “ Contributions to an

Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley,” by Mr. H. W. Bates. The

personal observations of the author, in a country that may not inaptly

be called the Metropolis of the insect world, must be of the highest

interest to every entomologist. The subject of mimetic resemblances,

or mimicry of species, amongst the Heliconiide brought before

the reader is deeply interesting, and the deductions which Mr.

Bates has drawn from these remarkable instances are equally start-

ling and conclusive. I would strongly recommend those who have

not perused this paper to do so; it abounds in passages of the deepest

interest.

Of the ‘Journal of Entomology’ two parts have appeared during

the year 1862. ‘They contain papers by Messrs. Bates, Pascoe,

Smith, Walker, Wollaston and the Rev. Hamlet Clark ; they are illus-

trated by seven beautiful plates. These parts conclude the first

volume of the work, and I think I may say that there are few volumes,

if any, that have appeared in this country on the Science of Hntomo-

logy on which English entomologists have more reason to congratu-

late themselves; the work is entirely that of Members of this

Society.

‘A Manual of European Butterflies, by Mr. W. F. Kirby, has

appeared during the past year. Great care has evidently been

bestowed upon this little work, the result being, in the opinion of one

of our best Lepidopterists, a work of much promise, showing that the

author possesses a competent knowledge of his subject.

IT have thus taken a rapid survey of some of the more important

events that have transpired during the past year, and have brieily

enumerated the various periodicals published in this country in which

entomological papers have appeared ; I fear the list will be found far

from being complete. I have left to others, who now regularly pub-

lish a complete register of Entomological publications, the task which

132

they execute far better than I could, even if the whole of my time

were at my own disposal. I have only to thank you for your kind

attention, and to express my earnest wish that Entomological Science

may continue to advance, and that the prosperity of this Society may

continue to increase from year to year.

By Balance in hand January Ist, 1862.......00..

133

Abstract of the Treasurer's Accounts for 1862.

RECEIPTS.

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ATLEATSROMS MDSCHIPtlONS iecccaadteccvelssascnsscsscsect seroeee eRe ee tatee

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Admission Fees..........000 Ritineseccaiseeceons aealdiceilecslaceitoecocwentectess pees le

CWomipositionti(U)iseersceccssussdass ssoceescecsscesaseecceoaonecvedecscr es

MP CARS MDS CHIPIMONS Mee sasrscaceoencuete cls ccseavatciesces ences iacteesseseeet me

SalevofePransactions/at ROOMS)|.<...c.-ccccesesss-cacoscceeeel4 17 8

oe BUMONGIMANSeemodecceossecnecceeeeoe Ome ON I

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One Year’s Dividend on £109 14s. 3 & Bent. Cereals. PSO SR EOC n sacs)

PAYMENTS.

To paid arrears for 1861 :—Rent to Christmas............ ooo Ul fs

Wilkinson for Plates........... 513 9

Standish for Colouring......... 013 6

Postman’s Christmas Box 2 6

Bright for Cleaning Lamps... 1 6 6

Dunn for Oil..........00+ aapeeane 1 8 6

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Jxifienderm@e, CRIS, 26s, cnonoanoccce doocosecadeoqepcaacHUbEDOInGEDOOHOOUOGON, &

Parcels, Postage, Stationery, &cC......0.ossccsccoecsescscesevecssccscesere 9

Christmas-boxes, S&C. ......sscsseseccscscessscnscescsesscssecssccscsoseases — O

Printing Transactions, five Parts .........s0000 pagndaccDcecac0cecnoceg IBIS} J

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Arranging Collection......sccccccsscsesvsssecescsccnccsscvessssscccesssessves 10

Collector's COMMISSION... ..0.ccccccrescecceccscceccscoccscccsccerceseccccces O

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134

Liabilities and Assets of the Society.

Liabilities. Assets.

£5 Sy he 25 eh

Rent to Christmas .........0.. ones ®) Arrears of Subscriptions 21 0 0

Mr. Yates for printing Plates 3 13 9 Ditto doubtful £21 0 0

Messrs. Day for Plates ...... 012 6 Donation, W. W. Saunders,

Mr. James for Printing ....... 110 O ESQ. coccorecccepcatentsse <p mm On

Carpenter for Book-shelves... 4 18 8 Balance in hand ............ 25 8 3

£21 19 11 £56 8 3

Less amount due at

Christmas........2.0..-. 21 19 11

True Balancein Cash £34 8 4

And in 3 # Cent. Cons.£109 14 0O

JOURNAL OF THE PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

1863.

February 2, 1863.

Freperick Smitu, Esq., President, in the chair.

The President nominated as Vice-Presidents for the present year Messrs. Pascoe,

Waterhouse and Grut.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

respective donors:—‘ Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou,

1861, Parts i. to iv. inclusive; presented by the Society. ‘ Tijdschrift voor Entomologie,’

Ve deel, 4e & Se stuk; by the Entomological Society of the Netherlands. ‘The

Journal of Entomology, No.7; by the Proprietors. ‘The Intellectual Observer,’

No. 13; by Messrs. Groombridge & Sons. ‘The Canadian Naturalist, Vol. viii.

No.5; by the Natural History Society of Montreal. ‘Sitzungsberichte der Konig].

bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Munchen,’ 1862, ii. Heft ii.; by the Academy.

‘The Zoologist’ fur February; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’

for January; by the Society. ‘The Atheneum’ for January; by the Editor.

A specimen of Synuchus nivalis, “ found under stones” near Reigate; presented by

T. E. Hughes, Esq.

New Members.

Frederic Moore, Esq., and Edward Alfred Smith, Esq., were elected Members.

A certificate was read in favour of Edward Parfitt, Esq., as an Annual Subscriber.

Exhibitions, &c.

The Secretary exhibited a box of “manna” from Tasmania, which had been

anonymously sent to the Society, accompanied by a bottle which contained numerous

specimens of a Hemipterous insect of the genus Kurymela, and which was labelled as

136

follows :—‘‘ The insect which causes the manna to be formed on the white gum trees,

by perforating the delicate young branches, for the purpose of feeding on the sap.”

_ Mr. Bond exhibited a remarkable instance of arrested development in the left fore

wing of a specimen of Colias Hyale; also a female specimen of Lycena Adonis, in

which some of the eye-like markings on the under surface were on the left side

(i.e. right of the under surface) wholly wanting.

Mr. Haward exhibited a miscellaneous collection of Coleoptera, collected by him-

self three or four years ago in Central Europe, principally in Southern France and

Germany, and in Switzerland and North Italy.

Mr. Stainton exhibited two bramble leaves, inside each of which was visible

the cast-off skin of a larva of Nepticula aurella, and read the following note by

Mr. C. Healy :—

Observations on the Moulting of the Larva of Nepticula aurella.

“ On the 18th of January, 1863, I collected several bramble leaves containing

young larve; in the afternoon of the same day I observed one larva resting in the

centre of its mine in an apparently sickly state. On the following morning the old

skin had split at the first segment, and the darkish blotch at the back of the head had

receded tv the second segment. On the 20th the old skin had shrunk to the fifth

segment, and at this date the whole of the first four segments had quite a transparent

appearance, being devoid of all markings whatever, and contrasting strangely with the

remainder of the larva’s body; the larva lay quite motionless in its mine. On the 21st

the mouth had regained its former brownish colour, and the larva now moved its head

about in a languid manner in search of food, of which it partook sparingly. On the

22nd the darkish blotch had reappeared on the back of the larva’s head; the old skin

in the meanwhile having shrunk still lower down, the anterior portion of the body had

now become much stouter and had a more healthy and fresher appearance ; the larva

now commenced feeding with great eagerness: at this period the dorsal vessel, which

had lately become more distinct at the fore and after part of the larva’s body, was

quite hidden in the centre. On the 25rd the whole of the dorsal vessel was distinctly

visible, the anterior portion being of a much brighter green than the posterior.”

Professor Westwood exhibited drawings sent from Australia by Dr. Howitt, of two

species of Lucanid; one was the species recently described by the Professor as Rys-

sonotus? jugularis; the other, the original of which was found in Gipps’ Land, was

probably the male of Dorcus Pelorides, of which the female was in the British

Museum.

Professor Westwood also called attention to a paper in the ‘Tijdschrift voor

Entomologie, by Prof. Van der Hoeven, upon Periphyllus Testudo, a Hemipterous

insect which always remained in an apterous state; and to a paper on the Insects of

Ceylon, by M. Motschulsky, in the Bull. de la Soc. Imp. des Nat. de Moscou.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited British specimens of the following species of Homalota

which are not included in his ‘ Catalogue :’—

1. Homalota velox, Araatz. One specimen taken by Mr. Waterhouse at Brocken-

hurst, in the New Forest, and a specimen taken by Mr. Hislop in Scotland.

2. Homalota flavipes, Thomson. Found on the banks of the Thames and Medway,

at Gravesend and near Strood. .

3. Homalota gemina, Hrichson. From the Hammersmith Marshes.

; 137

. 4. Homalota vilis, Hrichson.

5. Homalota picipes, Thomson. Atheta picipes, Thoms. Skandinav. Coleopt. iii. 81,

30. H. fusco-femorata, Waterh. MSS.

6. Homalota angusticollis, Thomson, Ofv. af. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1856, 100, 22. Atheta

angusticollis, Zhoms. Skandinav. Coleopt. iii. 87, 38.

The following notes, having reference to some of the above-mentioned species, were

communicated to the Meeting :—

** Homalota vilis, Hrichs., and H. picipes, Thoms. Of each of these two species I

have seen but a single specimen. The insects were captured (by myself, I believe),

long since, but their localities were not noted down. Of course with such scanty

material I should wish my determinations to be looked upon with some doubt. As

there already existed a species of Homalota bearing the name ‘picipes’ before

Thomson applied the name to the insect above noticed, I have substituted the name

* fusco-femorata ’ for this insect.

“ Homalota flavipes = Halobrectha flavipes, Thoms.== Homalota maritima, Waterh.

MSS., and a nearly allied species H. puncticeps, Thoms. More than four years since

in examining my specimens of Homalota I distinguished two species as belonging to

Dr. Kraatz’s third section of this genus, both of which are fuund under rejectamenta on

our sea-shores, and both are remarkable for having the head strongly punctured. They

have, moreover, the fore parts of the body pretty densely clothed with pubescence.

One of these insects is extremely like H. occulta, but has smaller antenne. It is black,

and has the antenna, palpi and Jegs more or less piceous; the antenne without any

perceptible paler colouring at the base; the legs, with the tarsi, the knees, and the

tips of the tibiz, usually more or less testaceous. The head is very nearly equal in

width (and indeed in total bulk) to the thorax, the sides subparallel, and with the eyes

swall and not prominent; the upper surface convex, thickly and distinctly punctured,

the crown presenting usually a more or less distinct fovea (perhaps in the male sex

only). Thorax subquadrate, very little broader than long, the hinder part distinctly

rounded ; the sides (which are furnished with two or three sete) parallel and very

indistinctly rounded ; the surface thickly and distinctly punctured ; in some specimens

(males ?) with a large oblong shallow fovea on the disk; in others a faint small fovea

behind. Elytra depressed, about one-fourth broader than the thorax, and nearly half

as long again (as in H. occulta), very densely crowded with punctures, and hence dull.

Abdomen glossy, with the basal segments rather sparingly punctured; the fifth seg-

ment very sparingly, and the sixth almost impunctate ; the apex more or less piceous.

Posterior tarsi short.

“ This insect is clearly the Homalota puncticeps of Thomson = Halobrectha puncti-

ceps of his ‘Skandinaviens Coleoptera, iii. 49, 1.* It also agrees perfectly with a

specimen from the shore of the Baltic, sent by Dr. Kraatz to the British Museum as

his H. puucticeps. But it does not agree with the insect named by the same authority

in my own collection, nor in that of Mr. Wollaston. The description given by Hardy

of his H. Algx evidently belongs to this species, but he notices a variety (“ dilutiora,

antennis fusco-ferrugineis, basi, ore, pedibus anoque testaceis ”) which apparently is

the insect next about to be noticed. The specimen alluded to by the saine author as

ENE TCE EERO er et kM CPR Dg EE SO RSRLU re eee eee Dae WOES Pee

* The original description, published by Thomson in the ‘ Transactions of the

Academy of Sciences at Stockholm ’ for 1852, I have never been able to consult.

138 {

having a slight elevation on the sixth abdominal segment must present an abnormal

condition of the part. I have seen no such rising in the specimens which have come

under my notice.

‘“‘ The Homalota anthracina of Fairmaire is referred by Dr. Kraatz and by its original

describer to the present species, but with doubt; and certainly the description (espe-

cially the one published in the ‘ Faune Francaise’) in many respects agrees with the

H. puncticeps, but the form of the thorax (which is said to be ‘ presque aussi large que

les élytres, and ‘ trés arrondis sur les cotes’) would appear to be different. H. atri-

cilla of Erichson has been idenitified with the present species. The description, as far

as the colouring is concerned, might have been taken from a very immature specimen

of the insect, but, in other respects, is for the most part so utterly at variance with the

actual characters of the species that I cannot but believe that there is an error in the

identification — that perhaps the so-called type-specimen has been transposed and

wrongly labelled.

“The second species is well described by Thomson, under the name Halobrectha

flavipes, in his ‘Skandinaviens Coleoptera, 111. 50,2. I shall content myself with

pointing out its distinguishing characters as compared with H. puncticeps. Its general

colouring is less dark, being pitchy black ; the elytra more inclining to piceous, and

the abdomen black. The legs, antenne, palpi and parts of the mouth testaceous ; the

terminal joint of the palpi, the apical half of the antenne, and the femora and tibie,

however, more or less tinted with fuscous. The antenne are rather stouter. The

head, thorax and elytra are less densely punctured, and hence less dull; the elytra are

but little longer than the thorax, and the posterior tarsi are considerably more elongate.

The apex of the abdomen is more or less rufescent. This species I formerly regarded

as the H. puncticeps of Kraatz, and it stands under that name in my ‘ Catalogue.’

“Unless entomologists consent to adopt the minor subdivisions of the great genus

Homalota proposed by Mr. Thomson it will be necessary to substitute some other spe-

cific name for the present insect, as there already exists one species of the genus bearing

the name flavipes. I propose for it the name of maritima.

“ H. angusticollis, Zhoms. In the last edition of Schaum’s Catalogue (1862), this

insect appears as a Gistinct species in the third column of p. 24, but further on (first

column of p. 25) the name reappears, and in this case is linked with that of H. ravilla,

Krichs. I have a specimen before me of the last-named insect, sent by Dr. Kraatz to

the British Museum, and likewise a specimen of H. angusticollis, received by

Mr. Crotch from Thomson. With this material, it would appear that I was in a

favourable position for determining whether the insects are identical or not. Both

insects appear to me to be males. ‘Thomson’s specimen has the penultimate abdominal

segment gently (but still evidently) emarginate, as the describer points out to be the

case in the male of his species; and further this insect agrees perfectly with the two

British specimens which I exhibit to the Society, excepting that in these latter the

penultimate abdominal segment is more acuminate at the apex, and is truncated.

These two specimens then, as I take it, furnish the opposite sex of H. angusticollis. They

have the same structure of antenne, with the terminal joint of moderate length; that

is, as Thomson says, half as long again as the preceding joint. On the other hand,

Erichson deseribes the terminal joint of the antenne of H. ravilla, ‘ magno, ovato,

precedente triplo fere longiore, and such is the case in the insect received from _

Dr. Kraatz. This latter author, however, states that the terminal joint is equal in

length to the two preceding joints taken together, so that I am left in uncertainty as

} 139

to whether the remarkably large terminal joint which I find in the specimen of

H. ravilla is constant,—whether, in short, it may not be sexual. In this same specimen

the penultimate segment of the abdomen is truncate or most indistinctly emarginate,

and the truncated portion is broader than in the English specimens, which I regard as

females of H. angusticollis. In other respects, I can discover no differences between

the H. aneusticollis and the H. ravilla.”

Mr. Waterhouse then communicated the following note, and exhibited (on the

part of his son, Mr. Charles Waterhouse) a series of specimens of a species of Homa-

lota, closely resembling H. analis in its general characters, but which will possibly

‘prove a distinct species :—

“ The specimens were collected recently in the Hammersmith Marshes, in company

with H. analis, and my attention was first directed to them through the uniform dark

(nearly black) colouring of the body and antenne. Upon examination, I find that

the dark insects differ from H. analis in their sexual characters, the male having

a very much deeper notch in the upper plate of the penultimate abdominal segment

than in the corresponding sex of H. analis, whilst the female has the plate

in question truncated at the apex. After the examination of a very large number

of specimens of H. analis, I have not been able to detect any decided distinctions in

the sexes through the structure of the penultimate abdominal segment; in all it has a

largish notch at the extremity in the form of an obtuse-angled triangle; in some the

notch is slightly deeper than in cthers, but there are individuals presenting inter-

mediate conditions. In the penultimate abdominal segment of the darker-coloured

insect, the sinus of the upper plate has its depth slightly exceeding its width; the

sides are subparallel, diverging but indistinctly, and the innermost half is nearly

semicircular, or we may compare the sinus to the outline of a bluntly terminated cone.

The edges of the segment bordering the sinus are margined,—7.e. there is a delicate

impressed line immediately within the margin. In H. anualis the triangular notch

does not show a corresponding impressed line: here the plate is slightly arched, but

in the transverse direction only; whilst in the deeply notched segment of the other

insect the lateral portions are curved downwards. The apex of this segment is tinted

with piceous in both sexes, but I have seen no specimens in which the entire segment

is testaceous, as is generally the case in H. analis. The antenne are dusky, often to

the base, but sometimes the two basal joints show a dusky testaceous tint in parts,

especially on the under side and at the base.”

With respect to this communication, Mr. Waterhouse made the following

remarks :— . ;

“ The Homalota soror of Kraatz (Nat. der Ins. Deutsch]. p.257), we are informed,

is very closely allied to H. analis, but is distinguished by the antenne being darker

and a little more incrassated towards the apex; by the palpi being pitchy brown; the

thorax and elytra blackish ; the abdomen almost as thickly, but much more finely punc-

tured, and uniformly black. The male has, in the upper plate of the penultimate abdomi-

nal segment, a still larger triangular notch,* the margins of tie plate on either side of

* “Noch weiter dreieckig ausgeschnitten.” 1am not sure that I have rendered

this sentence accurately. Both H. analis and H. soror, according to Dr. Kraatz, have

a triangular notch or emargination to the abdominal segment in the male, and, as I

understand the matter, the segment is still more notched in the latter species than in

the former; the term ‘“ weiter” cannot be translated simply as “deeper,” nor as

‘“ wider,” but its sense would be conveyed by the two latter terms combined.

140 t

the notch falling off more obliquely. In the insect exhibited I do not perceive the

differences in the punctuation alluded to, nor those in the structure of the antenne.

“ Again, a species of Homalota is distinguished from H. analis by Thomson (see

his ‘Skandinaviens Coleoptera,’ ii. 294), under the name Amischa platycephala, by

having the abdominal plate in the male deeply emarginate, and in the female trun-

cate, so far agreeing with our insect. But A. platycephala is said to be broader than

H. analis, less convex, and with the fovea on the thorax obsolete; the antenn@ testa-

ceous at the base, and the elytra obscure testaceous,—distinctions which do not exist

in the insect before the Society. I still thiuk it possible that it may be identical both

with H.soror and A. platycephala. Thomson says of his species that it is scarce in

North Scania, and Kraatz simply informs us that the H. soror was taken by him near

Bonn, and he makes no mention of the female. It is probable then that neither of

these authors had ample material for arriving at the characters of the species, and

that, under more favourable circumstances, their descriptions might have been modi-

fied. However this may be, this note is communicated to the Society with the view

of eliciting further information respecting those species which are certainly most

closely allied to H.analis. The last-mentioned species I have collected in great

nuibers in various localities, but, amongst eighty specimens roughly grouped together

in my unexamined collection of species of Homalota, I do not appear to possess a

single specimen corresponding with the insect from the Hammersmith Marshes, of

which my son found and exhibits two dozen specimens, presenting an equal number

of males and females. The species then would appear to be very local.”

Paper read.

Mr. M‘Lachlan read a paper on Anisocentropus, a new genus of exotic Tri-

choptera; descriptions were given of five species of that genus, viz., A. illustris, n. sp.

(of which specimens were exhibited), A. dilucidus, n. sp., A. immunis, n. sp., A. lati-

fascia, Walk., and A. pyraloides, Walk. To these was added the description of a new

species of Dipseudopsis, D. collaris, from China.

March 2, 1863.

FrepERIcK Situ, Hsq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be returned to

the respective donors :—‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society,’ Vol. xii. No. 53 ; presented

by the Society. ‘Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 3me Série,

Tomes 4, 5, 6, Années 1856, 1857, 1858; by the Entomological Society of France.

‘Anatomie Physiologie et Histoire Naturelle des Galéodes;’ by the Author, M. Léon

Dufour. ‘Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift,” Band vi.; by Herr Julius Lederer.

‘Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, Jahrg.23, Nos. 1O—12, and Jahrg. 24, Nos. 1—3,

and Beilage; by the Entomological Society of Stettin. ‘The Canadian Naturalist

and Geologist, Vol. viii. No.6; by the Natural Society of Montreal.‘ The Zoologist’

for March; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for February; by

the Editor. ‘The Intellectual Observer, No. 14; hy the Publishers. ‘Jahrbiacher

des Vereins fir Naturkunde im Herzogthum Nassau, Bd. 14, 15, 16; by the

Society. ‘The Reader’ for January and February; by the Editor.

14]

Election of Subscriber.

Edward Parfitt, Esq., of the Devon and Exeter Institution, Exeter, was ballotted

for and elected an Annual Subscriber to the Society.

Exhibitions, §c.

The Secretary read a letter from Mr. Abraham Edmunds, of the Tything,

Worcester, correcting an error in the Report of the Meeting of the Society held on

the 5th of January last: of the varieties of Lepidoptera exhibited by Mr. Stainton on

that occasion, on behalf of the Rev. E. Horton, part only were the property of

Mr. Bibbs; the Vanessa Atalanta, Arge Galathea, Arctia Caja and Eriogaster lanestris,

belonged to and were captured by Mr. Edmunds.

Mr. Bond exhibited a specimen of Lycena Dorylas, believed to have been captured

in the West of England in 1862; two specimens had been sent to Mr. Bond as varieties

of L. Adonis, having been taken, in ignorance of their specific distinctness, out of a

large number of insects belonging to Mr. W. Farren, of Cambridge.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited certain British species of the genus Mycetoporus, with

the view of correcting an error into which he had fallen, that of confounding the M.

longulus with M.lepidus. Mr. Waterhouse observed, “ When I formerly examined the

British Mycetopori, in order to determine and catalogue the species, I possessed only old

specimens, not in a favourable condition for displaying their characters; but I have

now before me not only a series of fresh and well-preserved British specimens of both

species, but likewise continental specimens forwarded to the British Museum by

Dr. Kraatz. The M. longulus of Mannerheim, Erichson, Kraatz, &c., appears to be

not uncommon in gravel and sand pits in the neighbourhood of London. In some

respects it is intermediate in its characters between the M. splendens and the

M. lepidus. In size and form, for. example, it is intermediate. Its colouring resembles

that of M. splendens, being black (if we except the pale legs and basal joint of the

antenne), with bright red elytra, in which the region of the scutellum and the lateral

margins are dusky, but in other respects immaculate. It differs from this insect in

being rather narrower; in having the antennz longer and less stout, the four penulti-

mate joints being less strongly transverse; in having two punctures, placed obliquely,

on either side of the disk of the thorax; and in having the abdomen more thickly

punctured. Most of my specimens of M. splendens have the abdomen entirely black

above, but in some the edges of the segments are rufo-piceous. My specimens of

M. longulus have the abdomen of a less pure black, being somewhat pitchy; and the

edges of the segments, in all, are rufo-piceous.

* This insect differs from M. lepidus in having the sides of the body less parallel,

the thorax being broader behind, and followed by broader elytra, and a more attenuated

abdomen ; the antenne are rather longer, as are likewise the legs.

“In M. lepidus the colouring of the budy is very variable, ranging from nearly

uniform rufous to pitchy black; often it is pitchy, with the elytra more or less rufous

at the base. Here the general colour of the thorax and elytra is generally the same,

or very nearly so, Ina long series of M. lepidus now before me, I do not find any

specimens having uniformly bright red elytra, accompanied by a black thorax. It has

two punctures on each side of the disk of the thorax, and sometimes three or four. On

the apical half of each elytron may be seen usually two punctures in a faint stria

situated between the sutural stria and the submesial one. In M. longulus these

supplemental punctures on the elytra are often wanting.

142 :

“The Ischnopoda melanura of Stephens, which is given in my Catalogue as

synonymous with Mycetoporus lepidus, should be transferred to the M. longulus,

_ Mannerh,”

Mr. Waterhouse also exhibited the insect which stands as “ Boletobius castaneus”

in Messrs. Hardy and Bold’s ‘Catalogue of the Insects of Northumberland and

Durham,’ p. 107; it was regarded by Messrs. Hardy and Bold as identical with

Megacronus castaneus of Stephens, but Mr. Waterhouse stated that, upon examina-

tion, he found it a perfectly distinct species.. M. castaneus of Stephens’ collection was

certainly an immature specimen either of Boletubius analis or B. cingulatus;

formerly he thought it was the latter, but upon re-examination he was inclined to

regard it as the B. analis. The B. castaneus of Hardy and Bold, Mr. W. thought,

would probably prove a species of Dr. Kraatz’s genus Bryoporus, but as he was

unable to examine the parts of the mouth, the maxillary palpi only being visible, he

was left in doubt. The maxillary palpi were short and moderately stout, and the

terminal joint but a trifle shorter than the preceding joint, and of an elongated

conical form. This form of palpus was very distinct from the elongated slender

maxillary palpi seen in the typical species of Boletobius (such as B. atricapillus, &c.) ;

it approached more nearly, however, to that seen in species of the section Megacronus,

Steph. (= Bolitobius, Sect. 1 of Kraatz), and could scarcely be said to differ from that

of Bryoporus rufus. The insect was smaller and narrower than B. rufus; had

shorter and stouter antenne; and had the elytra impunctate, excepting the punctures

in the ordinary discoidal stria, and that of the suture, in each of which there were but

about five somewhat indistinct punctures. The head was short and nearly round, as

in B. rufus and Mycetoporus splendens, and, indeed, in size, form, and proportions, it

greatly resembled the last-mentioned insect, from which it differed chiefly in the greater

development of the terminal joint of the maxillary palpi; in the antenne being rather

stouter, the basal joints shorter, more especially the second, fourth and fifth joints; the

punctures on the strie of the elytra fewer and less distinct; the abdomen less thickly

punctured (the basal segment nearly impunctate) ; and, lastly, in the colouring, which

was rufo-testaceous, with the head rufo-piceous, the abdomen pale castaneous, and the

antenne black, with the exception of the three basal joints. The above comparisons

were made with Mr. Hardy’s specimen, which that gentleman had forwarded for

inspection.

Mr. Waterhouse also exhibited two specimens of a British species of Homalota,

which had not hitherto been recorded in our lists; he regarded it as the H. oblonga

of Erichson and Kraatz; une of his specimens was taken in the neighbourhood of

London; the locality of the other had not been noted.

Papers read.

Prof. Westwood read “ Descriptions of two new Australian Lucanide,” under the

names of Lucanus carbonarius and L. Howittanus.

The President read “ Descriptions of Brazilian Honey-Bees belonging to the

genera Melipona and Trigona, which were exhibited, with samples of their Honey

and Wax, in the Brazilian Court of the International Exhibition of 1862.”

New Part of Transactions.

Part 5 of Vol. i. (third series) of the ‘ Transactions, being the first Part published

in 1863, was on the table. 7

143

April 6, 1863.

- Frepericx Smiru, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be returned to

the respective donors :— Proceedings of the Royal Society,’ Vol. xii. No.54; presented

by the Royal Society. ‘Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society,’

Vol. vii. No. 25; by the Society. ‘ The Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of

England, Vol. xxiv. Part.1; by the Society. ‘The Entomologist ;’ by James

Bladon, Esq. ‘Exotic Butterflies’ Part 46; by W. Wilson Saunders, Esq.

‘The Zoologist’ for April; by the Editor. ‘The Intellectual Observer, No. 15;

by Messrs. Groombridge & Sons. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for March;

by the Society. ‘The Atheneum’ for March; by the Editor. ‘The Reader’ for

March; by the Editor. ‘On the Composition of the Head, and on the Number of

Abdominal Segments, in Insects;’ by the Author, Dr. H. Schaum. ‘ Latreille,

Familles Naturelles du Régne Animal ;’ by F. P. Pascoe, Esq.

Election of Honorary Members.

Professor Lacordaire, of Liege, Dr. Leconte, of Philadeiphia, and Dr. Hagen, of

Konigsberg, were severally ballotted for and elected Honorary Members.

Exhibitions, &c.

Sir John Hearsey exhibited a box of Indian Lepidoptera, all having ocelli on their

wings.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited a specimen of a new British species of Aleochara, from

the collection of Mr. Jeakes; it was in all probability captured by Mr. Squire, but

there was no note of its locality, further than that the specimen was a British one.

The insect was as large as a middle-sized A. meesta, and was most remarkable for the

unusually long terminal joint of the antenne, this joint being equal to the three pre-

ceding joints taken together. It was glossy black, and rather densely clothed with

very pale ash-coloured pubescence, especially on the thorax and elytra; the legs, palpi

and basal joints of the antenne were pitchy, the terminal joint of the palpi and the

tarsi testaceous. The head presented very fine and scattered punctures. The antenne

were longer and less stout than usual; the second and third joints considerably

elongated, the third being a trifle longer than the second; the fourth joint fully as

long as broad; from the fifth to the tenth joints there was no perceptible increase in

the width, but those joints gradually became shorter, the tenth joint was, however,

but slightly transverse; the much-elongated terminal joint was cylindrical, with the

apex rounded. The thorax was finely but not very thickly punctured, and presented

two or three delicate sete at the sides. The elytra taken together were more than one-

third broader than long, slightly tinted with piceous behind, thickly punctured and

faintly rugulose on the inner side. ‘The abdomen had the transverse grooves on the basal

segments strongly and thickly punctured, and on the apical half of those segments, as

well as on the terminal segments, were finer scattered punctures: the penultimate

segment had the hinder margin rather indistinctly emarginate in the middle, and was

144

simple, not crenulated. Compared with A. mesta, this insect differed in the following

points:—the head was smaller; the antenne longer and more slender; the thorax less

convex, more contracted in front, and more delicately punctured; the abdomen not

only differed in the strong and rather dense punctuation of the transverse groove of

the basal segments, but this strong punctuation existed even on the basal portion of

the fifth segment, which in A. meesta has the corresponding part smooth. The legs

were slender, as in the species last mentioned; in A. lanuginosa the legs are stouter,

and the posterior tarsi are shorter and stouter. The Aleochara inconspicua of Aubé is

described as having a remarkably long terminal joint to the antenne in the male sex,

and as having the transverse grooves in the abdominal segments strongly punctured,

and so far agrees with the insect exhibited, but the latter was larger than the size

indicated for A. inconspicua, and the penultimate abdominal segment was not crenu-

lated; hence Mr. Waterhouse was not inclined to identify it with A. inconspicua

without a note of doubt.

The President exhibited specimens of Claviger testaceus found near Purley and

Croydon in the nests of Formica flava; they had readily sucked sugar and water sup-

plied to them in blotting-paper, and he had hoped to have exhibited them alive, but

all had unfortunately died before the hour of meeting. He had not been able to find

the larva of Claviger; so far as his experience went C. testaceus was confined to the

nests of Formica flava, but in the course of last year his son had found it at Folkestone

in the nests of the common garden ant.

Mr. Haward had found it in the nests of both these ants, but more commonly in

that of F. flava.

Mr. Lubbock requested entomologists to supply him with specimens of the larva

or imago of Acronycta Psi and A. Tridens, as he was desirous of making experiments

in breeding and interbreeding those species.

The Secretary read an extract from a letter from Mr. Roland Trimen, dated Cape

Town, February 18, 1863, in the following words :—

“Ts it known that Deilephila Livornica is a day-flyer? In December last I saw

several specimens flying about a long hill-ridge in the hot mid-day sunshine, and

captured one of them. One specimen was hovering about the blue flowers of a

species of Echium.”

The Secretary also read a letter received from Mr. C. A. Wilson (a Corresponding

Member of the Society), dated Kensington, near Adelaide, January 27, 1863, in which

the writer gave a brief account of the successful passage, over the continent, to the

north-west coast and back, of the South Australian exploring party under Stuart. Two

unsuccessful attempts had previously been made; and the successful party, consisting

of ten persons, had endured great hardships from continued drought and the barren-

ness of the country. Mr. F. G. Waterhouse, one of the party, was about to publish

his journal of the Natural History of the Expedition; but, considering the vast extent

of country traversed, only a small number of objects of interest was found, most speci-

mens being met with in the settled districts, or in places before partially known or

explored. Mr. Wilson added that his own South Australian collection of insects

numbered between 5000 and 6000 specimens, of which fully one-third were Coleoptera,

and he was gradually adding to them those of other colonies.

Mr. Benjamin T. Lowne (who was present as a visitor) exhibited specimens of thirty-

three species of ants from Port Jackson, Australia, which he had collected during October

and November last. The collection was entirely made in the immediate neighbour-

145

hood of Sydney; and so far as he had then been able to ascertain, eighteen of the

thirty-three species were undescribed. Mr. Lowne had also been able, by personal ob-

servation of the nests, to unite four reputed species into two; Formica agilis, Sm., and

F, intrepida, Kirby, were (as was long ago suspected by Mr. F. Smith), the large and

small workers of one species; and F’. detecta, Smith, received from Hunter's River,

was the female of F. purpurea, Sm., a species received from Melbourne, showing that

this interesting ant was distributed over a wide range of three hundred geographical

miles, in which the fauna and flora varied considerably. The communities of

Formica purpurea formed a nest very similar to that of our F. rufa, but built with

small fragments of stone; near Sydney, where dark iron stone formed their building

material, the hill was composed entirely of it; but in the mountains, where the

rock was white, they carefully covered their hill with minute fragments of charcoal,

which was very abundant in the Australian bush, a proceeding probably adopted to

increase the internal temperature of their nest. As a rule, the nests of the genus

Formica in New South Wales were subterranean, but one species excavated the hard

boles of several species of Eucalyptus. The Australian Polyhachi did not, so far as

Mr. Lowne’s observations went, make a nest on leaves, like those of India, but

excavated a domicile in the stumps of trees or under stones; whether those insects

made any other nest at a later period in the year, he did not know. Crematogaster

was a very numerous genus near Port Jackson, and, true to its character in Brazil

and elsewhere, the species did not construct any nest, but lived under cracked bark

and stones, or in the rotten stems of Xanthoreas. The Myrmecine were the most for-

midable looking of all the Australian genera, and armed with a sting which inflicted

very severe but transitory pain. One species, M. nigrocincta, had the power of taking

almost incredible leaps; it ran and leapt alternately, so that its progression was

analogous to that of the Cicindele; although the ant was not more than an inch

long, its leaps on ordinary occasions were about a foot in length, and when alarmed

it had been seen by Mr. Lowne to leap a yard, rising a foot from the ground: he had

been unable to discover anything in its structure to account for this remarkable power,

which, however, was possessed by some other tropical ants.

Papers read.

The Secretary read a paper by Mr. Hewitson, entitled “ Descriptions of two new

Diurnal Lepidoptera ;’ they were described under the names of Papilio Birchallii and

Morpho Alexandra.

The Secretary also read a paper by Mr. Roland Trimen, entitled “‘ Descriptions of

three new Species of Anthocharis, and a new Species of Pais, from Tropical South-

Western Africa.” They were described under the names of Anthocharis Regina,

A. Phenon, A. Eosphorus, and Pais pulchra. Specimens of A. Regina and

A. Eosphorus, which had been sent from Cape Town in a letter, were exhibited ;

A. Regina was a species of singular beauty, allied to A. Ione.

146

May 4, 1863.

Frederick SmitH, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

respective donors :—‘ The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Vol. xxiii.

Part IIT., Vol. xxiv. Part I.; presented by the Society. ‘ Bulletin de la Société Lin-

neenne de Normandie,’ Vols. iimvii., 1855—62; by the Society. ‘ Annales de la

Societé Entomologique de France, 3e Serie, Vol. iii., Trim. 2—4, 1855; Vol. vii.,

Trim, 1—4, 1859; Vol. viii., Trim. 1—4, 1860; 4e Serie, Vol. i., Trim. 1—4, 1861 ;

Vol. ii., Trim. 1—4, 1862 ; by the Society. ‘ Descriptions of Twenty New Species of

Australian Coleoptera belonging to the Families Cicindelide and Cetoniide,’ ‘ De-

scriptions of Twenty New Species of Buprestide belonging tu the Genus Stigmodera,

from the northern parts of Australia,’ by William MacLeay, jun., Esq., M.L.A.; by

the Author. ‘ The Intellectual Observer’ for May; by the Publishers. ‘The Zoolo-

gist’ for May; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for April; by

the Society. ‘The Atheneum’ for April; by the Editor. ‘The Reader’ for April ;

by the Editor. ‘The Weekly Entomologist’ for 1862—3,; by the Editor. A Col-

lection of upwards of 100 Volumes of Works on Bees and Bee-keeping ; deposited in

the Library by the Apiarian Society, on certain conditions embodied in a Minute of

Council dated the 6th of April, 1863. \

Exhibitions, &c.

Mr. 8. Stevens exhibited a collection of insects from the Feejee Islands, consisting

principally of Coleoptera, and comprising many new species; also a collection from

Madagascar, sent home by Mr. Plant, containing Coleoptera and some fine Lepi-

doptera, conspicuous amongst which was a new Diadema; also a collection from the

Cape of Good Hope, sent by Mr. Trimen; also some spiders of enormous size from

Bogota; and a single specimen of a Coleopterous insect received from Australia,

which appeared to be precisely identical with the British Sinodendron cylindricum,

and which, it was suggested, had probably in the larva state been imported into

Australia from this country, in wood.

Mr. M‘Lachlan exhibited the case of a caddis-worm (a species of Limnephilus),

which was almost entirely composed of from 250 to 300 minute shells of a Planorbis,

arranged with the utmost regularity, so as to resemble a piece of mosaic.

Mr. Edwin Shepherd exhibited specimens of Biston betularius, which had been

raised from eggs forwarded to him from Lancashire by Mr. Edleston. In the course

of last jyear Mr. Edleston had found a pair of that species in copula, one of the spe-

cimens being of the usual gray colour, and the other of the black variety occasionally

found in the North of England: the eggs forwarded were the fruit of that union, and

Mr. Shepherd had succeeded in breeding twelve specimens of the perfect moth; of

these, eight were of the normal colour, and four of the negro variety; ten of the

twelve were females, and of the two males one was of the typical form and the other

was a negro. The whole of the larve were fed on the same food, principally on lime

leaves. It was remarkable that the negro variety had never been captured in the

South, and that even in the North no intermediate forms had ever been met with to

connect and link together the light gray type and the sooty black variety.

147

-* Mr. Waring exhibited some dead pupe of drones, which he had found near the

mouth of one of his bee-hives: the pupe had not quite arrived at maturity, and it

would seem that the bees must have cut off the caps of the cells containing them, and

have cast them out of the hive. He was unable to throw any light upon the cause of

the death of the pupe.

Mr. T. W. Wood made some remarks on the mimicry of Nature by herself, as

exemplified by the colouring of the under side of the wings of Anthocharis Car-

damines, and on the utility of such mimetic resemblances in the preservation of

insects. During the present month of May, towards evening or in cloudy weather,

the orange-tip butterfly might be found at rest in exposed situations by the sides of

roads and lanes, on the tops of grass and flowers, but more particularly on Anthriscus

sylvestris, and almost always in the neighbourhood of that plant: the chequered white

and green, which alone were visible when the insect was at rest, exactly represented

the small white flowers of the Anthriscus, as seen against the green background of the

hedgerow behind. It was remarkable also that the butterfly did not appear to be

partial to the Anthriscus, except as a secure resting-place, but preferred to hover over

and suck the juices of the wild geranium and other flowers.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited British specimens of Oxypoda lentula, Erichs.,

Kraatz, &e., Oxypoda misella, Kraatz, Trechus obtusus, H’richs., and Bembidium

(Philochthus) Mannerheimii, Sah/berg ; and read the following notes on those

species :—

“1. The Oxypoda lentula is about equal in size to the Homalota Fungi, and has

antenne with very nearly the same proportions as to length and thickness, but the

elytra and basal half of abdomen are rather natrower, and hence the general form is

more inclining to the linear. The colouring is dullish slaty black, reminding one of

the Myllene in this respect ; the antenne and legs are piceous, the knees and tarsi

‘a little paler than the other parts; the punctuation of the upper parts is very fine and

dense throughout, a little less dense on the head; and the insect is densely clothed

with fine ashy pubescence. In certain lights the elytra exhibit an indistinct faint

brownish tint, and the apex of the abdomen is more distinctly tinted with brown. The

thorax has a pretty distinct transverse fovea behind, and running forwards from this is

a faint dorsal channel, which, however, disappears near the front of the thorax. The

basal joint of the posterior tarsi (which are but of moderate length) is equal in length

to the two following joints, taken together; and joints two, three and four are very

nearly equal to each other. I have taken this insect in the Hammersmith Marshes.

“2. Oxypoda misella belongs to the little section of the genus, the species of which

have the elytra shorter than the thorax. Of this seetion but two British species have

hitherto come under my notice, viz., O. annularis of Mannerheim and O. brachyptera

of Kirby =O. ferruginea of Erichson. The species regarded as O. misella now

exhibited was taken near Wickham, by Mr. Rye, and was at once separated by him

from the other two species above named, in company with which it was found, through

its dark colouring combined with its comparatively short antenna. In the structure

of the antenne it most nearly resembles O. annularis, the terminal joint being short

(very little longer than broad), as in that insect, and the intermediate joints being

strongly transverse; but these organs are rather less stout in O. misella than in O.

annularis, and are of a dark pitch colour, excepting at the base. The insect, moreover,

is rather smaller, and its general colour is pitchy ; the thorax and clytra, apex of the

148

abdomen and the edges of the abdominal segments more or less rufous-piceous; the

legs and base of the antennz testaceous. O. annularis is entirely rufous-testaceous,

with the exception of the head and middle of the abdomen, which are somewhat dusky.

~ O. brachyptera is usually intermediate in its colouring between the above-mentioned

two species; its antenne, thorax, elytra, and the base and apex of the abdomen, are

ferruginous. Here the antenne, if bent backwards, would nearly extend to the apex

of the elytra (the same organs would fall considerably short of the same point in the

other two species); the intermediate joints are moderately transverse, and the terminal

joint is fully twice as long as broad. The elytra are rather longer, and the punctuation

is more distinct and somewhat rugulose, which is not the case in O. misella and O.

annularis.

“3. Of the specimens of Trechus obtusus which are exhibited, one is from the

Continent, having been kindly sent to me by Dr. Schaum; the second is British, and

stood in my collection for many years under the MS. name ‘ levis,’ it having been so

named by me and separated from the T. minutus, chiefly in consequence of the almost

total obliteration of the strie of the elytra. Jn the filth volume of Stephens’ ‘ Tlustra-

tions’ (Mandibulata), and in the ‘Manual’ by the same author, an insect is very

briefly described under the name ‘T. levis, Waterh.’; whether the description was

taken from this specimen I am not aware, but as there is no insect in Stephens’ col-

lection to represent the species, the exhibited specimen is probably the original of the

description. However this may be, it will be seen by the members present that the

_ British specimen agrees perfectly with the continental one, and differs from T. minutus

chiefly in having the elytra shorter, more convex, and of an ovate form, the broadest

part being in the middle (whilst in T. minutus the elytra are broadest behind the

middle), and the striz of the elytra being all obliterated, or very nearly so, excepting

the three nearest the suture. In T. minutus there are at least four distinct striz on

each elytron. The last-named insect, moreover, is provided with perfect wings, whilst

in T. obtusus the wings are rudimentary.

“4. For Bembidium Mannerheimii, recently detected by Mr. Rye amongst

our British species, 1 have a new locality to record; the specimens exhibited were

taken by me at Darenth Wood.”

The Secretary read a letter from Dr. Hagen, of Konigsberg, in which, after

thanking the Society for having elected him one of its Honorary Members, he

expressed a hope that British entomologists would assist him i in rendering more perfect

his recently-published ‘ Bibliotheca Entomologica’; if the entomologists of this

country would communicate to this Society every error or omission, with respect either

to the authors or their works, which they noticed in the ‘ Bibliotheca,’ and such addi-

tions as from time to time became necessary, and the Society would communicate the

same to him (Dr. H.), he trusted that, by the assistance and co-operation of this and

other Societies, which had been requested to do likewise, a future edition of his recent

work might be made a good foundation for a complete and perfect record of ento-

mological bibliography.

The President mentioned that Professor Lacordaire, of Liége, in a letter returning

thanks for his election as an Honorary Member, had enclosed a photograph of him-

self, in the belief that this Society, like that of France and other scientific bodies, was

forming a collection of likenesses of its members. The Council had taken the subject

into consideration, and having regard to the régret which was now felt at the absence

149

of any such memorial of some of our distinguished entomologists (e.g., the late

James Francis Stephens), and to the interest which, after the lapse of a few years,

would doubtless attach to such a collection, had determined to provide a proper book

for the reception and preservation of photographs of such Members and Subscribers

as would be kind enough to present their likenesses to the Society. He trusted that

the existing Members of the body would readily respond to this invitation.

Special General Meeting.

The Secretary gave notice that a Special General Meeting would be held on

Monday, the 1st of June, at 8 p.m. (or so soon thereafter as the business of the

Ordinary Meeting should be concluded), to consider whether the Society’s collection

of British Insects should be retained or disposed of; and that at such Meeting

Resolutions would be proposed with a view to carry into effect the recommendations to

the Council, which were agreed to by the Library and Cabinet Committee at its

meeting held on the 30th of March last.

June IL, 1863.

FREDERICK SMITH, Esq., President in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks voted to the respective donors:

— The Transactions of the Entomological Society of New South Wales,’ Vol. i. Part 1;

presented by the Society. ‘ Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society,’ Vol. vii.

No. 26; by the Society. ‘The Intellectual Observer, No. xvii.; by the publishers.

‘The Zoologist’ for June; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for

May; by the Society. ‘The Reader’ for May; by the Editor. ‘Stettiner Entomo-

logische Zeitung, Vol. 24, Nos. 4—6; by the Entomological Society of Stettin.

Election of Member.

A certificate in favour of*Alfred R. Wallace, Esq., as a Member of the Society was

read. On the proposition of Mr. Dunning, seconded by Mr. Stainton, it was unani-

mously resolved that, as a slight recognition of the vast services rendered to Science

by this distinguished entomologist, zoologist and traveller (and following the prece-

dents afforded by the election of Mrs. F. W. Hope, and that of Mr. Tweedy in 1850),

the customary two-months’ suspension of the certificate in the meeting-room, and the

formal vote by ballot, be dispensed with; and Mr. Wallace was accordingly elected

by acclamation.

: Exhibitions, &c.

Mr. Stainton exhibited some young Lepidopterous larve mining the leaves of the

hazel. The same larva had been found in the leaves of Ribes sanguineum, and in the

North of England in birch leaves. It retained the mining habit only for a short time,

and subsequently became an external feeder. The larva was that of an Incurvatria,

and would probably prove to be I. pectinea.

150

‘Mr. Stainton exhibited some dead larve of Hyponomeuta padella on apple leaves.

They had been transferred, when quite young, from their natural food, the hawthorn,

to an apple tree, which was the usual food of a closely-allied form: the trausferred

larve had at first commenced eating the apple-leaves, but soon ceased to do so, and

died, apparently for no other reason than that the food did not agree with them. This

fact was adduced not only as an instance of inability on the part of the larve to adapt

themselves to circumstances, but also as having a material bearing upon the question

of the specific distinctness of the hawthorn-feeding and apple-feeding forms of Hypo-

nomeuta.

Mr. S. Stevens exhibited some twigs of lime trees, gathered at Kennington, which

had been completely stripped of their leaves (whole trees having shared the same

fate) by the larve of a Tortrix, apparently belonging to the genus Lozotenia.

Mr. Bond exhibited three varieties of the male of Anthocharis Cardamines, a species

but little liable to variation, all captured near London; and a hermaphrodite of the

same species, also captured near London, and having female characters on the right

side and male characters on the left side.

Mr. Bond also exhibited a hermaphrodite Papilio Machaon, from Whittlesea

Mere, in which again the right side was of the female form and the left of the male

form. 5

The President exhibited drawings of two hermaphrodite honey bees. In the first

specimen the right side partook of the male characters, the antenna, eye, anterior leg

and intermediate leg being male, and the wing and posterior leg being female or

worker ; the left side was entirely worker. The second specimen was partly male,

partly worker; the antenna, eye, wing and legs, on the left side were all of the true

male form, and the abdomen was considerably enlarged on the same side.

The President also exhibited specimens of Braula ceca, an insect which had been

found on the Continent to be very destructive to honey in hives; it had only recently

been imported into this country along with the Apis Ligustica, from a hive of which

species the exhibited specimens had been taken.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited British specimens of a species of Homalota, which,

being apparently undescribed, he named and characterized as follows :—

HomaLota PLATYCEPHALA, n.s.

Hom. linearis, depressiuscula, parum nitida, fusco-njgra; elytris fusco-testaceis,

basi fuscis; pedibus testaceis, femoribus fuscescentibus; capite subquadrato,

fronte plano; thorace subquadrato, coleopteris angustiore, supra leviter canali-

culato, postice laté foveolato; abdomine segmentis 4 primis crebré punctulatis,

segmento quinto parcius punctato, sexto fere levigato. Long. 18 lin.

Mas. Abdominis segmento sexto dorsali tuberculo compresso munito.

In size, form, colouring, and in the structure of the antenne, this species very

‘closely resembles the Homalota gregaria; it, however, may be readily distinguished

by the larger size of the head, and the subquadrate and depressed form of this part ;

the parts of the mouth being more produced, and the fifth abdominal segment being

rather sparingly punctured. The male characters are moreover very different, nearly

resembling those of H. sulcifrons, Kirby (A. pavens, Erichs.). From this insect

H. platycephala differs in being smaller and narrower, in the form‘of the head, and in

151

having the anterior abdominal segments rather less thickly punctured, and the fifth

segment somewhat sparingly punctured.

The head in bulk is very nearly equal to the thorax, and the part behind the

antenne is nearly square, but a trifle broader than long, and has the angles rounded ;

the upper surface is depressed, rather more so in the male than in the female, and

has a faint longitudinal groove; the surface is most indistinctly punctured. The

antenn® are uniformly fuscous, and when compared with those of H. gregaria present

no appreciable difference. The thorax is nearly quadrate, but slightly contracted

behind ; it has a shallow transverse fovea behind, and a shallow longitudinal depression

extends forwards from this to the middle of the thorax; in the male is a distinct dorsal

channel, extending to the front of the thorax; the surface is very thickly and finely

punctured. The elytra are but little longer than the thorax, but nearly one-third

broader; they present scarcely any gloss, being very thickly and finely punctured, and

having a correspondingly fine and dense pubescence; they are fuscous at the base,

and gradually assume a paler hue towards the apex. The abdomen is glossy, some-

times pale at the apex. The legs are slender, as in H. gregaria, but rather longer.

The tarsi are elongate, and in those of the hinder legs the first joint is pretty distinctly

longer than the following three joints, as in the insect last mentioned, and which no

doubt induced Erichson to describe it as a member of the genus Tachyusa.

The sixth abdominal segment in the male is furnished with a small laterally com-

pressed tubercle, and the terminal segment has the middle portion of the upper plate

produced and terminating in four denticles, of which the middle pair are approximated

and most prominent; the external pair are slightly obtuse, and are separated by a deep

nearly semicircular notch from a spine forming the outermost lateral boundary of the

plate, and the apex of which terminates nearly on the same plane as the outer pair of

denticles.

I possess five specimens of this species, four of which were taken in the corridor of

the Crystal Palace, and the fifth was found by one of my sons in the court yard of the

British Museum. Two of these are males: in one of the males, and in one female,

the thorax presents on its disk a large and tolerably deep oblong impression, as is fre-

quently seen in H. gregaria and some other species. In one specimen both thorax

and elytra are palish brown, perhaps from immaturity.

Mr. M‘Lachlan exhibited three new British species of Trichoptera, on which he

read the following notes :—

“1. Hydropsyche ophthalmica, Rambur. Taken by myself, I believe between

Kew and Richmond, and by Mr. Wormald at the same place. Readily distinguish-

able from all other described species by the large size of the eyes in the male, the

vertex from this cause being almost quadrangular. Kindly determined for me by Dr.

Hagen, who has seen Rambur’s types.

“2. Philopotamus? columbina, Pictet. Taken by Mr. Wormald at Llangollen,

North Wales, in September, 1862, and by myself near Bickleigh, Devon, in the same

month, This is not a true Philopotamus, belonging to the same group as Hydropsyche

occipitalis, Pict. (Apelocheira subaurata, Steph.), and closely allied to that species, but

differing in its slightly smaller size and darker colour, and by the structure of the

last abdominal segment in the male, there being a deep notch in the middle of the

upper margin, which is absent in H. occipitalis.

152

“3. Psychomia (Homoecerus) derelicta (n.s.). I propose this name for an insect

belonging to a rather obscure group, and which I cannot make out to have been pre-

_viously described; a specimen sent to Dr. Hagen last year was returned as unknown

to him. It belongs to a group mentioned by Dr. Hagen in the ‘ Stettiner Entomolo-

gische Zeitung’ for 1860, p. 279, differing from the true Psychomiz in the broader

and more obtuse wings, in the more widely dilated intermediate legs of the female,

and especially in the possession by that sex of a rather long and curved ovipositor ;

nevertheless Dr. Hagen thinks that the proper place of the group is with Psychomia.

Kolenati, in the second part of the ‘Genera et Species Trichopterorum,’ places it as a

subgenus of Tinodes, which he calls Homoecerus, a position it can scarcely retain, as the

females cf Tinodes have undilated intermediate legs. Kolenati describes four species under

the names of (1) albipunctatus, Steph., known to him only from description; the type

of Stephens’ species is a small Hydropsyche; (2) obscurus, Steph., which cannot be

Stephens’ species, the type of which is a female of Glossosoma fimbriata, Steph.; (3)

affinis, Kolenati, a new species, differing in the venation of the under wings; and (4)

pusilla, Fabricius, of which I may say that what Fabricius’ species really is must, I

think, always remain conjectural : pusilla, Stephens, is a true Psychomia, and the same

as his pheopa; pusilla, Curtis, is a small True Tinodes.

“T have drawn up the following diagnosis of the new species.

“ PsycHom1a (HoMOECERUS) DERELICTA.

“Nigro-fusca; antennis saturate brunneis, testaceo annulatis; palpis brunneis;

capite thorace abdomineque nigro-fuscis; oviducto testaceo-fusco, sursum incur-

vato; pedibus fuscis, vix testaceis; alis anticis fuligineo-fuscis, vix iridescenti-

bus, dense pilosis; posticis fusco hyalinis. (Z@m).

“ Long. corp. 14 lin.; exp. al. 5—6 lin.

“ Of this I have seen five specimens, all of which are females. It has been taken

by Mr. Parfitt near Exeter, by Mr. Fenn at Wallingford, by Mr. Barrett at Haslemere,

in July, and by myself near Kew, in August. It is larger and darker than the other

described species.”

Mr. Stainton exhibited specimens of Tinea vivipara; Scott, and read the following

notice of the habits of that species :—

“This insect has been described in the first part of the ‘ Transactions of the Ento-

mological Society of New South Wales, by the Hon. A. W. Scott, of Ash Island,

Hexham, which is about seventy-five miles N.N.E. of Sydney. The specimens exhi-

bited were captured by Mr. Diggles at Moreton Bay, which is three hundred miles

further to the north. Its beauty is not the only interest which this elegant species

possesses, for it appears from the observations of Mr. Scott that the females do not

deposit eggs, but living larve.

“ «Tt was after dark, in the early part of the month of October, 1861, that we first

captured a specimen with the hand, being attracted at the moment by its elegant

colouring, and wishing to secure it for the cabinet. Fearful that the plumage might

be injured by the struggles of the moth while endeavouring to escape, it was gently

compressed, and on opening the hand we observed numbers of minute but perfect larve

being ejected from the abdomen in rapid succession, and moving about with consider-

able celerity, evidently in search of suitable shelter and food. This incident, so singular

153

and new to us, required further confirmation, and consequently many more of a similar

kind (of course all females) were caught and attached to corks previously covered with

black paper, and subjected to the closest scrutiny. These moths shortly commenced

to deposit their living progeny with rapidity, the small white fleshy larve being seen

with great distinctness on the black surface of the paper, thus affording clear and satis-

factory proof that this insect—the only one of its order at present known to be so—is

unquestionably ovo-viviparous, and will represent in future this peculiarity among the

Lepidoptera, similarly to those few species existing in the hemipterous and dipterous

orders.

little strangers, and to procure suitable shelter and food for them, in the hope that we

should be able to rear them, and thus to supply a correct account of their metamor-

phoses. In this we were guided by the form of the perfect insect, and accordingly

placed before them grains of maize, pieces of flannel and woollen cloth, shreds of

partially decayed paper, some fungus and lichen, and other materials known to be the

food of caterpillars belonging to the genus Tinea and neighbouring genera. Unfor-

tunately they turned with distaste from all these supplies, with the exception of the

cloth and flannel, and even to these they attached themselves with reluctance. We,

however, persevered, and put them ina dark and roomy box, aware of the marked

dislike to light of larve possessing depredatory habits, and left them undisturbed for

a week, at the end of which we were pleased to find that small silken tunnels or tubes

had been constructed on the surface of the brown cloth, and that the denuded appear-

ance of several places exhibited signs of their ravages. From this cloth they shortly

afterwards transferred themselves to the flannel, where they fabricated small portable

cases, composed of two separate pieces of an irregular oval form, joined at the sides,

but leaving apertures at each end, and being thus comfortably housed we entertained

sanguine hopes of rearing them. These hopes, however, were not to be realized, for

towards the end of November (nearly two months from their birth) they ceased to

thrive, and eventually all perished. * = a nS

“ ¢ As we failed in affording proper nourishment to the larve, we think it probable

that they exist in their natural state upon decaying animal or vegetable matter, as

found to be the case with the Sarcophaga carnaria (or common blowfly) and some

others which produce their young in a living state. —(Trans. Entom. Soc. of N.S. W.

Vol. i. part 1).

“Tt will now be a problem for European Micro-lepidopterists to ascertain whether

any of our European species of the genus Tinea havea similar habit. When Dr.

Staudinger was in Spain he met with one larva of this genus (if I remember rightly)

which fed on dry dung. Is it not possible that some species of the genus may feed on

the freshly dropped dung of animals, and hence the larve require to be deposited in

an active state? Many of the larve of the Tinee of Europe are still unknown to us;

possibly a clue is now furnished which may prove of service.”

Mr. Stainton read the following :—

Notes on the ‘ Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia,

“T have before me the ‘ Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia’

from March, 1861, to the close of 1862, forming nine parts of variable bulk, and extend-

ing to 311 pages. These ‘ Proceedings’ are well printed on good paper, and contain

several memoirs of considerable importance, so that it is extremely desirable that the

154

existence of an Entomological Society on the other side of the Atlantic should be

generally known to the entomologists of Europe.

“ Tt does not appear from these ‘ Proceedings’ when the Entomological Society of

Philadelphia was first started. In the Report of the Secretary for 1861 we read that

‘the cabinet was commenced in January, 1860, which is fourteen months before the

earliest meeting recorded on the second page of the ‘ Proceedings, at which ‘the

Committee appointed to revise the Constitution and By-Laws prior to procuring a

Charter made their final Report.’ However, it appears from the by-laws that the

at the very time when we are called upon to decide the question of the dispersion of

our own collection to notice how energetically this young Society is engaged in the

task of forming a collection. Thus we read that ‘the contributions to the cabinet

during the past year have been both numerous and valuable. In Coleoptera there is

an increase of 520 species, 8885 specimens during the past year; in Lepidoptera an

increase of 198 species, 2169 specimens; in Diptera an increase of 75 species, 235

specimens, &c.; ‘as a whole the interest manifested by the members in building up

the collections of the Society has been exceedingly liberal and enthusiastic. The

cabinet was commenced in January, 1860, and since then 3678 species have been

presented.’

“The library of the Society, we are informed in the same Report, ‘now contains

129 volumes and pamphlets,’ and the Society numbered in December, 1861, ‘53 mem-

bers and 27 correspondents.’

“Tn the report of the Recording Secretary for 1862 we find an increase to the col-

lection of 1514 species, and an increase to the library of 344 volumes and pamphlets,

including a number of rare and valuable works, and the Society numbered in Decem-

ber last 65 resident and 48 corresponding members.

“In the papers already published, 51 pages are devoted to Coleoptera, 4 to Neu-

roptera, 83 to Hymenoptera (45 of which are occupied with a paper by Osten-Sacken,

on the Cynipide of the North-American Oaks), 53 to Lepidoptera, 22 to Hemiptera

and 22 to Diptera.

“Amongst the coleopterous papers are two short papers on the habits of some cole-

opterous larve and pupe, by G. H. Horn; one with descriptions of fourteen larve of

North-American Coleoptera belonging to genera the preparatory states of which had

nol, to the knowledge of the writer (Baron R. Osten-Sacken), been made known

before ; one with descriptions of four new North-American Coleoptera, by Dr. Horn;

andone with descriptions of nine supposed new species of Cerambycide, by J. H. B.

Bland.

“Among the hymenopterous papers are the elaborate treatise (already mentioned)

on the Cynipide of the North-American oaks and their galls, by Baron R. Osten-

Sacken, and two with descriptions of (seven and six) new species of Tenthredinide, by

E, Norton.

‘“* Amongst the lepidopterous papers are four by Dr. Clemens, of which three are

devoted. to Micro-Lepidoptera, and one contains a Synopsis of the families of the Hete-

rocera. The first paper on Micro-lepidopterous larve furnishes a good introduction

to the successful study of those insects; a description is given of the modes of feeding

of the larve of the genera Coleophora, Lithocolletis, Aspidisca, Nepticula, Ornix and

Catastega, the number of species of which Dr. Clemens gives the habit of the larve

in these genera being -7, 2,2, 14,1 and 3. The last-named genus is probably, how-

155

ever, aS he suspects, allied to the Phycidex, and not referable to the Tineina; the

second Micro-lepidopterous paper contains descriptions of nine new species, including

one of the curious genus Opostega; the third paper contains a notice of Bedellia som-

nulentella, bred from the leaves of Ipomea purpurea, and of two new larve of the

genus Nepticula in the leaves of the sycamore. Amongst the remaining papers on

the order may be noticed Mr. Edwards’ notes on Grapta Comma, Harris, and Grapta

Faunus, Edwards, the latter species having been confounded by some authors with

the European Grapta C-album ; and Mr. Lintner’s notes on the metamorphoses of Cera-

tomyia quadricornis, one of the Sphingide, in which we have a very detailed account

of the whole process, from the egg to the pupa state, a change which is completed in

six weeks. Mr. Edwards has given descriptions of four diurnal Lepidoptera occurring

in the United States, which are figured in Doubleday’s ‘Genera,’ but undescribed;

they are Argynnis Astarte, Melita Chalcedon, M. Anicia and Timetes Coresia.

“The hemipterous papers are two in number; a short descriptive paper by P. R.

Uhler on some new species, including a Capsus, which in some seasons is very plentiful

on the Robinia Pseudacacia; and a highly philosophical paper on the genera of

Aphide found in the United States, by Benjamin D. Walsh. In allusion to the pro-

bability of differences in the larval form of Aphides being correlated with the variation.

of the food-plant, and not necessarily implying that the two are specifically distinct,

Mr. Walsh cites the case of the larva of Datana ministra (one of the Notodontide),

which are always vittate with yellow, and with the upper surface of the first (second)

segment yellow, when they feed on oak-apple, &c.; but when these larve feed on

hickory or walnut they are entirely black, and yet between the moths produced from

them there is no appreciable difference. Mr. Walsh in his summary tabulates the

previously described species of Aphidz in the United States as fifty-seven in number,

and the new species described in this paper as thirteen, making a total of seventy.

“ The only dipterous paper is on the characters of the larve of Mycetophilide, by

Baron R. Osteu-Sacken. This paper contains ‘1st. A comparative description of the

external anatomy of the principal genera in their larval form. 2nd. A brief account

of what is known about the habits of each genus. 3rd. A list of references, with a short

notice on the importance of each.’

‘The only neuropterous paper is a short one by Mr. Buckley, descriptive of two new

species of Termites. Why the Neuroptera shonld have attracted so very little attention

is not apparent, but probably some important contributions on that order will shortly

appear, and then the students of all the principal Orders of insects will find matter to

interest them in the ‘ Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia.’

‘“‘T annex a classified list of the papers already published, with references to the

pages where they will be found.”

COLEOPTERA.

“Catalogue of the Cicindelide of North America,” by E. T. Cresson. Pp.

7—20.

_ “Notes on the Habits of some Coleopterous Larve and Pupz,” by G. H. Horn.

Pp. 28—30.

“Observations on the Habits of some Coleopterous Larve and Pupz,” by G. H.

Horn. Pp. 43, 44.

156

“ Catalogue of the Longicorn Coleoptera taken in the vicinity of Philadelphia,” by

J.H.B. Bland. Pp. 93—101.

“ Descriptions of some Larve of North-American Coleoptera,’ by Baron R. Osten-

Sacken (with a plate). Pp. 105—130.

“Descriptions of some new North-American Coleoptera,” by G. H. Horn, M.D.

Pp. 187—188.

“On Winter Collecting,” by H. T. Fay. Pp. 194—198.

“ Descriptions of several supposed new Species of Cerambycide in the Collection

of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, with Observations on some already

Described,” by J. H. B. Bland. Pp. 267—276.

NEUROPTERA.

‘Descriptions of Two New Species of Termites from Texas,” by S. B. Buckley.

Pp. 212—215.

HYMENOPTERA.

“Catalogue of the Described Species of Tenthredinide and Uroceridx inhabiting

North America,” by E. T. Cresson. Pp. 33—39.

“On the Cynipide of the North-American Oaks and their Galls,” by Baron R.

Osten-Sacken. Pp, 47—72.

“Additions and Corrections to the above Paper,’ by Baron R. Osten-Sacken.

Pp. 241—259.

“The Tarantula (Mygale Hentzii, Girard) and its Destroyer (Pompilus formosus,

Say.),” by S. B. Buckley. Pp. 138, 139.

“* Notice of several New Species of Tenthredinide,’ by E. Norton. Pp. 143, 144.

“ Descriptions of several New Hymenoptera,” by E. Norton. Pp. 198—200.

“On the Synonyms of Cimbex Americana,” by E. Norton. Pp. 201, 202.

**A Catalogue of the Described Species of several Families of Hymenoptera

inhabiting North America,” by E. T. Cresson. Pp. 202—211 and 227—238.

LEPIDOPTERA.

*¢ Micro-Lepidopterous Larve—Notes on a few Species the Imagos of which are

probably Undescribed,” by Brackenridge Clemens, M.D. Pp. 75—87.

“New American Micro-Lepidoptera,” by B. Clemens, M.D. Pp. 131—187.

“‘ North-American Micro-Lepidoptera,” by B. Clemens, M.D. Pp. 147—151.

“Synopsis of Families of Heterocera,” by B. Clemens, M.D. Pp. 173—181.

“Notes upon Grapta Comma, Harris, and Grapta Faunus, Edwards (Giapta C-

album of some Authors),” by W. H. Edwards. Pp. 182—184.

“‘ Additions to the Catalogue of United States Lepidoptera,” by A. R. Grote. Pp.

218, 219.

“ Descriptions of Certain Species of Diurnal Lepidoptera found within the United

States, figured in Doubleday’s ‘Genera, but Undescribed,” by W. H. Edwards. Pp.

221—224.

“ Description of a supposed New Species of igeriide from Virginia, and Obser-

gations upon Papilio Damus, Boisd.” by James Ridings. Pp. 277, 278.

“ Metamorphoses of Ceratomyia Quadricornis, Harris,’ lee A. Lintner. Pp.

286—293,

157

HEeEMIPTERA.

“ Descriptions of a few New Species of Hemiptera, and Observations upon some

already Described,” by P. R. Uhler. Pp. 21—24.

“‘On the Genera of Aphide found in the United States,” by Benjamin D. Walsh,

M.A. Pp. 294—311.

DirtTera. :

“Characters of the Larve of Mycetophilide,” by Baron R. Osten-Sacken (with a

plate). Pp. 151—172.

The Secretary read a letter from Mr. C. A. Wilson, a Corresponding Member of

the Society, which bore date Adelaide, March 26, 1863, and contained a brief account

of the natural-historical results of the exploring party under Stuart, which had recently

succeeded in traversing the Australian Continent from the South to the North-West

Coast and back again. About fifteen hundred specimens of insects had been obtained,

but none of the Orders Orthoptera, Neuroptera, Diptera or Lepidoptera; many Lepi-

doptera were seen, including some butterflies of singular form and beautiful colouring,

but, owing to the accidental loss of all his entomological apparatus, Mr. F. G. Water-

house, the naturalist attached to the expedition, had been unable to capture any. A

few Hymenoptera had been obtained, and some Hemiptera, nearly all Scutelleride.

In Coleoptera a new Cicindela, the first representative of that family in the South-

Australian province: upwards of fifty specimens were knocked down one damp evening,

about six hundred miles north of Adelaide ; the species was of large size, smooth, and

of a brilliant metallic green colour. There were a few new forms of Carabide, and

many species of Dyticide and Gyrinide, evidently quite new. The South-Australian

species were generally unicolorous, but these were spotted or banded with different

colours. Of Staphylinide or Pausside none; of Lamellicorns but few; some of

Copris ?; a few Cetonie ; some large and handsome Buprestide, probably new; and

many additions to Agrilus and the allied genera. There were many new Heteromera,

Curculionide both large and small, and several distinct species of a genus with long

antennz, which was either curculionideous or was intermediate between the Curculi-

onide and the Longicorns. Of the last-mentioned tribe there were also a few repre-

sentatives, principally Lamie, which did not occur in any of the South-Australian

collections.

158

Special General Meeting.

June 1, 1863.

> FrepeERick SmiruH, Esq., President, in the chair.

The Secretary read the notice by which the Special Meeting had been convened

for the purpose of considering the following Resolution of the Library and Cabinets

Committee, adopted at its Meeting of the 30th of March, 1863 :—

“That the present income and the financial prospects of the Society do not warrant

this Committee in believing that the Society is or will be able to provide the sums

requisite for forming a Collection of British Insects which shall be worthy of the Society,

and for maintaining the same in a satisfactory state.

“This Committee therefore recommends to the Council that the Society's Col-

lection be discontinued, and that proper steps be taken for the disposal of the speci-

mens and cabinets.

“The Committee, however, further recommends that the type-specimens be not

dispersed, but be placed in some public Institution where they will be readily accessible

and available for scientific purposes; and the Committee suggests the feasibility of

some arrangement by which the specimens in question might be placed in the British

Museum.”

It was moved by Mr. Pascoe, and seconded by Dr. Baly :

“That the recommendations of the Library and Cabinets Committee, contained

in their Report to the Council of the 30th of March, 1863, be carried into effect in

such manner and at such time as the Council, in its discretion, shall think fit.”

An Amendment was moved by Mr. J. W. May, and seconded by Mr. Edwin

Shepherd :

“That the whole of the Society’s Collection of Insects be sold, the type-specimens

as well as the others.”

The Meeting having been also addressed by Mr. Francis, Mr. Waterhouse, Mr.

Desvignes and Mr. Dunning, the Amendment was, on a show of hands, declared to

be lost.

The President then put the original Resolution, when the numbers were—for the

Resolution, 22; against, 0.

159

July 6, 1863.

FREDERICK SmitH, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations to the library were announced, and thanks returned to the

several donors: —‘ Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, Vol. iv. Part 7,

Section 2; Vol. v. Parts | and 2. ‘ Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the

Zoological Society of London,’ 1861, Part 3; 1862, Parts 1—3; presented by the

Society. ‘Schriften der Kéniglichen Physikalisch-dkonomischen Gesellschaft zu K6-

nigsberg, 1862, Parts 1 and 2; by the Society. ‘Exotic Butterflies, Part 47; by

W. W. Saunders, Esq. ‘Illustrations of Diurnal Lepidoptera, Part 1 (Lycenide) ;

by the Author, W. C. Hewitson, Esy. ‘Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen

Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, Vol. xii.; by the Society. ‘Personen,

Orts und Sach-Register der zweiten funfjahrigen Reihe (1856—1860) der Sitzungs-

berichte und Abhandlungen der Wiener Kais. Konig]. Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesell-

schaft ; by the Society. ‘Neue Crustaceen, gesammelt wahrend der Weltumseglung

der K.K. Fregatte Novara, zweiter vorlaufiger Bericht; by the Author, Dr. Cam.

Heller. ‘Sitzungsherichte der Konigl. bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu

Minchen, 1862, ii. Parts 3 and 4; 1863, i. Parts 1 and 2; by the Academy. ‘ Pro-

ceedings of the Royal Society,’ Vol. xii. No 55; by the Society. ‘The Intellectual

Observer, No. 18; by the Publishers. ‘The Zoologist’ for July; by the Editor.

Fifty-six Memoirs by M. le Dr. Léon Dufour, from various scientific Periodicals and

Transactions; by the Author. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for June; by the

Society. ‘The Reader’ for June; by the Editor. ‘A List of the Butterflies of New

England; by the Author, Samuel H. Scudder, Esq.

Special Vote of Thanks.

On the proposition of Mr. Dunning, seconded by Mr. 8S. Stevens, a special vote

was unanimously passed, returning thanks to Mr. W. W. Saunders for his hospitable

reception of the Society at Reigate, on the 20th ult.

Exhibitions, Sc.

Professor Westwood, referring to the exhibition by the President, at the June

meeting, of some hermaphrodite hive-bees, made some remarks as to the bearing of that

exhibition upon the question of parthenogenesis in bees. He considered that the fact

of the existence of a hermaphrodite was inconsistent with the truth of the theory of

parthenogenesis. The President, on the contrary, did not think the fact necessarily

inconsistent with the theory, but probably explicable by and referable to some imper-

fection of the organs of the queen bee from which the hermaphrodite was born.

Mr. S. Stevens exhibited a large collection of South-Australian insects, principally

Coleoptera, and containing many novelties; they had been collected by Mr. George

French Angus, who had recently returned to this country from Australia.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited Carabus auratus, captured on the coast of Kent: four

specimens had been taken by Mr. Brewer, running about in the hot sunshine; the

locality was between Dover and Hythe, but was not more precisely stated.

The President mentioned that about twenty years ago Mr. Walton had brought

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thirty living specimens of C. auratus from France, and had turned them loose on the

coast between Dover and Deal.

Mr. Stainton exhibited specimens of Elachista apicipunctella bred by Herr Albarda,

by whom the larva had been first observed two years ago. The following note, com-

municated by the Dutch entomologist, was read :—

2 Habits of Elachista apicipunctella.

“These larvee mine the leaves of Holcus lanatus and sometimes of Festuca pra-

tensis and F. elatior, from November to March. They mine downwards from the

point of the leaf, occupying the entire breadth; the mine is not conspicuous. On the

upper side of the leaf the epidermis remains flat, and is but slightly discoloured (espe-

cially in the Festuce), the under side being more puckered and yellowish. The grayish

excrements are irregularly scattered throughout the mine. The larva seems to prefer

those leaves which lie flat on the ground and are covered by the others, and may thus

have escaped observation. In mild winters, like the past, the larve feed continuously,

and are full-fed in February, but when the cold is more intense they remain motionless

until the frost is over, and then continue the same mine, notwithstanding that the leaf

may be somewhat withered. When nearly full-fed they remove to a fresh leaf.

““When full-fed the larva seeks a convenient corner, commonly the base of the

leaf, to undergo its change, and spins a very slight web of parallel threads, surrounding

the middle of the body with a silken girth, They remain one or two weeks before they

change to the pupa state, after which the perfect insect ripe in about five or six

weeks, according 1o the weather.

“The imago is seldom seen on the wing, but can easily be captured in the after-

noon, when they are sitting on the leaves of the food-plant, the females having com-

monly their wings erected perpendicularly, as it seems to attract the males.

“This insect is not at all uncommon here (at Leeuwarden). In sandy localities,

where Holcus lanatus abounds, the larve are probably more scattered, but along the

roads in clayey localities, where that plant occurs here and there, a single tuft is often

tenanted by more than thirty larve.

“A summer brood, though very probable, has not yet been observed.”

Professor Westwood mentioned that, during a recent trip in the Italian portion of

the Tyrol, he had observed the leaves of the walnut trees to be blackened throughout

the distal half, and apparently scorched ; on examination they were found to be rolled

up by the larve of one of the Tineide, which had proved to be Gracilaria rufipennella,

a species which ordinarily fed on the plane tree. The pupe were of singular form,

the antenna case in the males extending beyond the extremity of the abdomen.

Professor Westwood exhibited drawings of the larve and pupe of the genera

Coronis and Castnia: those of Coronis were taken from the collection of Dr. Kaden

at Dresden, which was very rich in illustrations of the transformations of the Lepidop-

tera of Granada, which had been formed by Moritz ; the larva was supplied with spines

on its back, like some of the Notodontide. The larva of Castnia burrowed in the

stems of trees, and was a long fleshy grub, like that of a Longicorn beetle, whilst the

pupa had its abdomen furnished with two rows of reflexed spines, which enabled it to

work its way along the burrows, after the manner of Cossus.

Professor Westwood exhibited specimens and photographs of Papilio Castor and

P. Pollux. In the ‘Arcana Entomologica’ he had described those forms as distinct

161

species, but Mr. George Gray, conceiving them to be the sexes of one species, had

given P. Pollux as a synonym of P. Castor; the Professor, however, exhibited males

of both forms and females of P. Pollux, and he exhibited a specimen of P. Castor from

the collection of Mr. Semper, of Altona, one of the wings of which was partly of the

ordinary form of the male, whilst the remainder of the wing had the markings and

coloration which (judging from analogy) the female of P. Castor would possess. From

a consideration of these circumstances the Professor was still disposed to maintain the

specific distinctness of the two forms. Apart from its bearing on this question, Mr.

Semper’s specimen of P. Castor was extremely interesting, as exhibiting a new phase

in hermaphroditism; all the hermaphrodites with which he was previously acquainted

had some of their members of the form peculiar to one sex, and some of the form pecu-

liar to the other sex, but each limb was completely of one sexual form; here, on the

other hand, the wing was partly male and partly female; the wing itself was herma-

phrodite, the limb was gynandromorphous. __ It was to be noticed, moreover, that this

gynandromorphism did not extend through equal and corresponding portions of the

upper and lower surfaces of the wing, but the sexual variation in marking and colour

was spread over a larger space on one surface than on the other; if he might so speak,

the gynandromorphism was in the plane of the wing, not perpendicular to that plane,

and the surface of contact between the male and female portions of the limb could not

be traced out by the motion of a straight line kept constantly perpendicular to the

wing-plane.

Professor Westwood exhibited the imago of Eucheira socialis, a Mexican species

whose larve were gregarious, and the family-cocoon of which had been described by

him in an early volume of the Society’s ‘ Transactions.’

Mr. Miller exhibited a specimen of Gicophora Lambdella, taken by Mr. Butters,

near Grays, Essex.

Mr. Stainton exhibited some hazel leaves which had been mined by the young

larve of Micropteryx fastuosella, and which he had recently gathered in the neigh-

bourhood of Marlborough; there were numerous leaves bearing traces of the former

presence of the larve, but in one leaf only did he find a larva actually present; careful

search at an earlier period of the year would doubtless lead to the breeding of the

species in this country, and to a corroboration of the observations of Herr Kaltenbach.

Mr. Stainton mentioned that during his visit te Marlborough he had had the

pleasure of awarding a prize which had been offered by one of the masters at the

College for the best collection of insects formed during the previous year. There were

seven competitors, each of whom, in addition to the production of his collection, was

put through an examination in the elementary parts of the Science; and the result

was so satisfactory that Mr. Stainton was led to hope that/something similar would be

done at other public schools, which would thus serve as nurseries for the Entomolo-

gical Societies of the Universities.

Mr. Stainton exhibited his collection of original drawings of the larve of Tineina,

a portion of which, with descriptions, had already appeared in the ‘ Natural History

of the ‘Tineina, whilst the remainder were intended for publication in the future

volumes of that work.

My. Moore exhibited some elm leaves which had been attacked by a species of

Aphis; and leaves of Veronica Chamedrys bearing galls produced by a dipterous

larva.

162

The President, on behalf of Mr. Marshall, exhibited Platyrhinus latirostris, nume-

rous specimens of which were sent for distribution amongst the members.

Mr, E. Shepherd exhibited Ilyobates propinqua, Scopzus sulcicollis and Platys-

tethus capito, all captured by himself near Reigate, on the occasion of the Society’s

visit to Mr. Saunders on the 20th ult.

Mr. Dunning read the following extract from a letter from Mr. Edwin Birchall,

dated Birkenhead, June 7, 1863 :—

“I have bred three specimens of Dianthecia capsophila during the last few days ;

the bred specimens have not a trace of brown or yellow, they are pure black and white ;

in fact they look nearer to D. conspersa than to D. carpophaga, of which some will

have them to be the Irish representative. It seems to me that our English species

ought to be arranged thus—conspersa, capsophila, carpophaga, capsincola, cucubali ;

the two last only have the prolonged ovipositor.”

The Secretary exhibited some white silky matter, resembling delicate tissue-paper,

which had been sent to the Society by Mr. R. Thomson, of Alderney Road, Mile End,

and described by him as having been “ taken off a plank that formed part of a bin in

which raw chicory had been stowed, apparently the deposit of insects, as numbers

flew away when the goods were disturbed.”

It was suggested by Mr. Stainton that the silken web had probably been made by

the larve of Tinea granella, though he was not aware of an instance of that species

having attacked chicory.

It was announced that Mr. B. T. Lowne (who was present as a visitor) was about

to proceed to Bahia on an entomological excursion of some duration, and that Mr. S.

Stevens would act as his agent in this country for the reception of his captures.

A communication from Dr. Dohrn and Dr. Behm, of Stettin, was read, stating that

the Thirty-eighth Assemblage of German Naturalists and Physicians would be held

at Stettin, from the 18th to the 24th of September, 1863, requesting the attendance of

naturalists of other countries, and assuring the members of the Entomological Society

of London that they would meet with a hearty welcome.

Professor Westwood entered into some details of the arrangements contemplated

at Stetlin for the reception of foreigners, and mentioned also that a meeting of Scan-

dinavian naturalists would be held at Stockholm a few days before the Stettin meeting.

Papers read.

Mr. Pascoe read some “ Notes on Australian Longicorn Beetles, with Descriptions

of Sixty new Species.”

Mr. Walker read two papers, entitled “ Descriptions of some new Aigeriide ” and

“ Descriptions of some new Sphingide.”

Sale of the Society's Collection of Insects.

It was announced that the sale of the Society’s Cabinets and Collections of Insects

(except the type-specimens, part of which had been presented, and part sold, to the

British Museum) would take place on Wednesday, the 8th of July.

New Part of the ‘ Transactions.’

A new part of the‘ Transactions’ (Entom. Trans. Third Series, Vol. i, Part 6),

being the second quarterly Part for 1863, was on the table,

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Entomology and the British Museum.

“The chair having been vacated by the President, and taken by Mr. Pascoe, V.P.:

Professor Westwood rose to call the attention of the Meeting to the threatened

appointment of a successor to Mr. Adam White at the British Museum. After referring

to the circumstances under which the vacancy at the Museum had arisen, and the

large additions to the entomological collections which had recently been made; the

Professor insisted that a good staff of practical entomologists was requisite to keep the

collections in proper order and continue the work of classification which had been so

successfully begun. The two entomologists upon whom this task had devolved were

Mr. Frederick Smith and Mr. Adam White: the latter was removed, so that Mr.

Smith remained alone. To fill the post vacated by Mr. White there were numerous

candidates, including several good working entomologists who were in every respect

eligible. It would naturally be supposed that some one of these competent persons

would have been selected to supply Mr. White’s place and carry on his work, but so

far from this natural supposition being likely to prove correct, the facts were, that

during the ill-health and consequent absence for several months of the Principal

Librarian, an officer whose sway did not appear to be limited to the Library, but to

extend over all the departments of the Museum, no appointment at all was made, and

now that that functionary had returned there had been nominated (though fortunately

not yet appointed) to the vacancy a gentleman whose previous employment had been

that of a transcriber in the Book Department, who was entirely ignorant of Entomo-

logy, and did not know a butterfly from a moth ora beetle froma bug. Professor

Westwood thought this was a matter which concerned the Society, and he asked its

aid to assist in preventing, if possible, so injudicious a nomination from being perfected

into an appointment. After a commendatory allusion to the temporary resignation of

the chair by the President, lest his personal interest in the question and his position

at the Museum might seem in any way to have been made to influence or interfere with

the independent judgment of the Meeting, the Professor concluded by proposing the

following Resolution :—

“Considering the state of the Entomological Collection in the British Museum,

and the vast accessions, still unarranged, which it has recently received, and which

render it the most valuable collection in the world : considering, also, that the proper

classification of that collection requires the services of more than one person skilled in

the Science of Entomology—

“ Resolved, that the nomination, in the place of Mr. Adam White, of a gentleman

previously employed as a transcriber in the Printed Book Department of the Museum,

and entirely unknown as an entomologist, cannot but prove a great detriment to the

progress of the classification of the collection, and is virtually a waste of the public

money. Such nomination is the more objectionable as several competent entomolo-

gists were candidates for the post.”

The Resolution was seconded by Mr. Stainton; and after much consideration and

a long conversation, in which Professor Westwood, Dr. Baly, Mr. A. R. Wallace and

others took part, the same was put to the meeting and was carried nem. con.

Professor Westwood moved “ That a copy of the above Resolution be sent to the

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Trustees of the British Museum, to the Principal Librarian, and also to J. Aspinall

Turner, Esq., M.P.”

This was seconded by Mr. S. Stevens, and carried unanimously.

August 3, 1863.

F. P. Pascor, Esq., V.P, in the chair.

Donations.

The fullowing donations were announced, and thanks voted to the respective donors:

— Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou,’ Année 1862, No. 1;

presented by the Society. Five quarto Tracts on Fossil Insects, &c., by H. A. Hagen,

C. von Heyden, H. von Meyer and H. Rathke; Ten Numbers of the ‘ Neue Preus-

sische Provinzial-Blatter’ for various years, containing articles on Entomology; Six

octavo Tracts on Neuroptera, &c., by Dr. H. A. Hagen; Five octavo Tracts on Neu-

roptera, &c., by F. Brauer; Three octavo Tracts on Coleoptera, Myriapoda, &c., by

Professor E. von Siebold; Two octavo Tracts by Victor Motschulsky; One octavo

Tract, by Franz Loew; Ten octavo Tracts, by Mons. E. de Selys Longchamps; One

octavo Tract (‘ Separatabdruck naturwissenschaftlicher Abhandlungen aus der Schriften

des Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien’) ; presented by Dr. H. A. Hagen. ‘The

Intellectual Observer, No. 19; by Messrs. Groombridge and Sons. ‘The Zoologist’

for August; by the Editor. ‘The Atheneum’ for July; by the Editor. ‘ The Reader’

for July; by the Editor. ‘ The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for July ; by the Society.

‘Zwolf Amerikanische Nachtfalter ; Chilonidarum et Crambidarum Genera et Species ;’

by the Author, Professor P. C. Zeller. ‘Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung,’ 1863,

Nos. 7—9; by the Entomological Society of Stettin. The following addition to the

Library, by purchase, was also announced :—‘Auguste Vinson, Araneéides des Hes de

la Réunion, Maurice et Madagascar.’

Exhibitions, §c.

The Secretary, referring to the exhibition, at the July meeting, of some white silky

matter probably caused by lepidopterous larve, said that he had received another com-

munication-from Mr. Thomson, enclosing specimens of the moth which flew out of the

bin when the chicory was disturbed. These proved to be Ephestia elutella; but it was

thought improbable by the lepidopterists present that the silky web was the product of

that species.

The Rev. Hamlet Clark exhibited the water-beetles captured by Mr. F. G. Water-

house during his recent journey of exploration with Stuart across the Australian con-

tinent. There were two species of Cybister, both new, but allied to northern forms ;

three of Hydaticus, of which one was a dark variety of a Moreton Bay species, one

was common in the North, and the third was new ; two of Colymbetes, both new ; one

of Agabus, new; two of Copelatus, of which one occurred in Lizard’s Island and the

165

other was new; one of Eunectes, which occurred everywhere; two of Hydroporus, of

which one was a common South-Australian form and the other a new species; one of

Hyphidrus, new; two of Gyrinus, of which one was common at Adelaide and the other

new; and one of Dineutes, new. ‘There were thus seventeen species, the produce of

the Expedition, represented by twenty-six specimens; of these two were common

species in South Australia, one occurred in profusion at Adelaide, and one was common

everywhere, leaving thirteen new species, of which seven were without any special affi-

nities, whilst six were nearly related to northern species.

Mr. Stainton exhibited some alder leaves said to contain larve of Tinagma resplend-

ellum; the larve, however, were not visible, being concealed within the midrib or leaf-

stalk. When young the larve gave a slight curvature to the leaf, and were almost

always found on the antepenultimate leaf of an alder shoot; they then mined down

the midrib and leaf-stalk, eating down one side and returning up the other side, and

finally, when nearly full-fed, made a blotch on the leaf, by which they might readily

be discovered.

Professor Westwood had endeavoured to discover generic characters in the eggs of

birds, but had been unable to do so. He should be glad to know if Mr. Stainton’s

experience of leaf-mining larve had led him to the discovery of characters in the mines

which were of generic value; if so, regard ought to be had to them in any future

arrangement of the Micro-Lepidoptera.

Mr. Stainton replied that not only were the characters of the mine of high import-

ance for the discrimination of species, but he considered that the mines exhibited

generic characters also. Ifa new mine were shown to him he could generally name

the genus to which the insect was to be referred.

Mr. Haward exhibited the pupa and a bred imago of Ocypus ater. The larva was

found in, and fed on, a piece of elm wood; and had been kept in a glass jar between

two and three months, at the end of which time the imago emerged.

Professor Westwood called attention to the ravages committed on the willow trees

in Essex by Cryptorhynchus Lapathi. There was an interesting paper on the subject

published in the Linnean ‘ Transactions’ during the last century, by W. Curtis, since

which time he was not aware that any further record of the destructive habits of the

species had been made. ‘The larva burrowed in the willows, and had attacked the

rarer cultivated species in Essex to such an extent that the growers were in fear of

entirely losing their crops.

Mr. Timins exhibited bred specimens of Papilio Machaon, Thais Cassandra, Poly-

ommatus Iolas and Clostera anachoreta, their appearance having been hastened by

keeping the pupz in confinement at a temperature of about 60° Fahr. He also read

the following notes :—

On Rearing Lepidoptera in Winter, and on the possibility of Naturalizing

Exotic Lepidoptera.

“The statement of some old authors ‘that Lepidopterous insects, when forced by

the application of heat to emerge from the pupz before their usual time of appearance,

are never properly developed,’ having been quoted and repeated in various more

modern works, may mislead the tyro in Entomology; and as I have established the

contrary fact by experience, I have thought it advisable to make these few notes on the

subject, with the view of drawing the attention of collectors to the possibility of rearing

166

Lepidoptera in the winter, and of rearing, and perhaps naturalizing, exotic species of

Lepidoptera.

“The advantages of causing Lepidoptera to emerge from the pupa during the

winter appear to be that the collector has more time to devote to their setting, and

more space upon his setting-boards than during the summer; and that very often the

collector may travel during the summer, in which case his pupe cannot easily be

attended to.

“T have reared the following species during the winter (placing the pupe in a warm

room for the purpose):—Papilio Machaon, Thais Hypsipyle, Polyommatus Tolas,

Smerinthus Populi, Pheosia Dictea, P. Dicteoides, Saturnia Spini, S. Pavonia-

Major, Phalera bucephala, Clostera curtula, Plusia Moneta.

“ Specimens of each of these species (and of many others) emerged from the pupz

during the months of January and February at Boulogne-sur-Mer; and at Oxford,

during the month of April, I reared Thais Hypsipyle and Polyommatus Iolas (in 1860).

In no case was there any variation from the usual type of the species, except in the

case of Smerinthus Populi, and this was due to the various kinds of food with which I

supplied the larve of that species, and which produced some singular varieties. I have

also reared various species of Exotic Lepidoptera from imported pupz; e.g., at Bou-

logne I reared Vanessa (Araschnia) Prorsa, Polyommatns Iolas, Saturnia Pavonia-

Major, Thais Medesicaste, T. Cassandra, and T. Hypsipyle, from pup sent from the

South of France; and also Catocala Fraxini from German pupe: and at Oxford I

reared Thais Medesicaste, T. Hypsipyle and T. Cassandra; also P. Iolas, Heliothis

dipsacea and Ophiusa Geometra from French pup. I also reared Plusia Moneta and

Deilephila Nicea from Italian pupe at Boulogne.

“In the ‘ Butterfly Vivarium, published some years since, a suggestion was made

of the possibility of naturalizing some of the beautiful species of Exotic Lepidoptera.

So far as I can learn, no notice seems to have been taken of this suggestion, though

it cannot be devoid of interest to many of our British collectors, and I have made

these few remarks, showing the possibility of rearing Lepidoptera from imported pupz,

in the hope that some of our collectors may be induced to try this mode of enriching

our native Fauna. Whether such artificially-reared species would, if set at liberty,

propagate themselves is a question which entomologists resident in Britain must set

at rest. Ihave not myself had facilities for settling this point, but I have, I trust,

shown the possibility of introducing foreign species into our country. We have suc-

ceeded in destroying some of our native species, e.g., Chrysophanus Chryseis and C.

Dispar, which appear to have become nearly if not quite extinct; and may it not

be worth while to see whether we cannot enrich as well as impoverish our native

Fauna?

“The specimens which I have had the pleasure of exhibiting this evening will

prove the truth of my assertion, that they do not offer any variety or deviation from the

ordinary types of the species, and they will at the same time disprove the ancient and

oft-quoted opinion, that Lepidoptera, unless reared in their natural state and under

their natural condition of temperature, are never properly developed.”

Mr. Pascoe, after announcing the appearance of Professor Lacordaire’s sixth

volume, containing the Curculionide, and speaking in terms of admiration of the

author's masterly treatment of the subject, took the opportunity of stating that

167

Lacordaire was in error in supposing that Eurhamphus fascicularis was confined to

New Zealand, as he kuew species to occur also in Australia.

It was announced that Mr. B. E. Lowne’s entomological excursion to Bahia was

abandoned, and that two Messrs. Wilson of Adelaide (cousins of Mr. Alfred R. Wallace)

were about to make a natural-historical exploration of the islands to the east of New

Guinea.

Paper read.

A paper, entitled “ Descriptions of some new Genera and Species of Exotic He-

miptera,” by Dr. C. Stal, of Stockholm, was read by the Secretary.

September 7, 1863.

FREDERICK SuitH, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library.

The following donations to the library were announced, and thanks returned to the

respective donors : — ‘ New Species of North American Coleoptera, prepared for the

Smithsonian Institution, by John L. Leconte, M.D.; ‘ List of the Coleoptera of North

America, prepared for the Smithsonian Institution, by John L. Leconte, M.D.; pre-

sented by the Smithsonian Institution. ‘ Proceedings of the Entomological Society

of Philadelphia,’ May to December, 1862; by the Society. ‘ Boston Journal of Natural

History,’ Vol. vii. Nos. i—3; ‘ Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History,

Vol. vi. Sheets 23 —27 inclusive, Vol. vii., Vol. viii., Vol. ix. Nos. 1—11; by the Society.

‘ Abhandlungen der Mathemat-Physikalischen Classe der Konig]. Bayerischen Aka-

damie der Wissenschaften, Vol. ix.; by the Academy. ‘ Bibliotheca Entomologica,’

von Dr. H. A. Hagen, Vols. i. and ii.; by the Author. ‘Genera des Coléoptéres, par

M. Th. Lacordaire, Vol. vi. and Livr. 5 and 6 of Plates; by Prof. Lacordaire. ‘Mono-

graphie des Elaterides, par M. E. Candéze, Vol. iv.; by the Author. ‘ Proceedings

of the Natural History Society of Dublin, Vol. iii. Part II.; by the Society. ‘ Bei-

trag zur Kaferfauna der Insel Jesso, bearbeitet von August Morawitz, Erste Lieferung.

Cicindelide et Carabici; ‘ Vorlaufige Diagnosen neuer Coleopteren aus Siidost-Sibi-

rien” von Cand. August Morawitz; ‘ Vorlaufige Diagnosen neuer Carabiciden aus

Hakodade, von Cand. Aug. Morawitz; by the Author. ‘ Proceedings of the Royal

Society, Vol. xii. No. 56; by the Society. ‘The Intellectual Observer, No. 20; by

Messrs. Groombridge & Sons. ‘The Zoologist’ for September; by the Editor.

‘The Athenzum’ for August; by the Editor. ‘The Reader’ for August; by the

Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for August; by the Society. ‘On

Cephalization, and on Megasthenes and Microsthenes, in Classification, by James D.

Dana; by the Author.

Election of a Member.

William Wix, Esq., of Cockshot Hill, Reigate, was ballotted for, and elected a

Member of the Society.

Exhibitions, &c.

Mr. S. Stevens exhibited some Hemiptera and Hymenoptera, and a collection of

Coleoptera made by Mr. F. G. Waterhouse during his journey of exploration across

168

the Australian Continent; from one-fourth to one-third of the Coleoptera appeared to

be species new to Science.

Mr. Bond sent for exhibition the following Lepidopterous Larve, admirably pre-

served by Mr. T. Baker, of Cambridge :— Papilio Machaon in four different stages of

growth, Vanessa Io, Arctia caja, Odonestis potatoria, Gastropacha quercifolia, Por-

thesia auriflua, and Cucullia Verbasci.

Prof. Westwood remarked that Mr. Baker’s preparations rivalled those of Dresden

in beauty: he had been informed that the method adopted at Dresden was to squeeze

out the intestines through a hole made near the anal extremity of the larva, then to

insert a fine straw, and blow the skin out, after which it was placed in a glass vase,

which was itself placed in a tin vessel and held over a lamp, by which the larva-skin

was quickly dried. The small larve, as those of the Tinew, were put alive into the

hot botile, baked until they swelled to the proper extent and dried, and were then

pinned with all their contents inside.

Mx. D. Sharp exhibited a specimen of Coccinella labialis, taken a week previously

at Herne Bay.

Mr. Janson expressed an opinion that C. labialis was only a variety of the common

C. 7-punctata.

Mr. Waring exhibited two males and a female of Lithostege nivearia, taken in

Suffolk; and a male specimen of Sterrha sacraria, taken at Banstead Downs: both

these rare Geometre had been captured by Mr. Bouchard.

Mr. Stainton entered at length into some interesting details respecting the charac-

ters of the mines of numerous genera of leaf-mining Tinew, and exhibited the result

of his observations by means of a table, in the different columns of which the principal

and distinguishing peculiarities of each genus were shown.

& Papers read.

Mr. Walker communicated a paper entitled “Characters of undescribed Lepi-

doptera :” the species described belonged to the three Heterocerous families of the

Castniide, Agaristide and Zygenide, and were most of them in the collection of the

British Museum.

Prof. Westwood read some “ Descriptions of new Species of Longicorn Beetles :”

some of the species described belonged to Mr. Semper, of Altona, and were principally

from the Manillas; the other descriptions were drawn up from specimens in the

Oxford Museum.

The Secretary read the Introductory Remarks to Major Parry’s “ Catalogue of

Lucanoid Coleoptera ; with Descriptions and Figures of new and _ interesting

Species.” :

Arising out of some remarks by Major Parry on the extraordinary mandibular de-

velopment of the Lucanide, and a suggestion that the intermediate form of male, more

nearly resembling the female, so constantly found in this group of insects, might pos-

sibly be neuters, an interesting conversation took place. Mr. Bates inquired whether

the generative organs of these so-called small or intermediate males had ever been

properly examined, and referred to Mr. Pascoe’s explanation of similar phenomena

among the Longicorns, by what was termed “dimorphism.” Prof. Westwood said

that the suggestion that these were neuter forms was not new, but had been made by

Kirby and Spence in their ‘ Introduction to Entomology ; he himself had never exa-

mined the organs of generation of these particular forms, but intermediate male forms

169

seemed to occur in almost all the cornuted beetles, and also in those with long

anlenne. Mr. Pascoe said that his notion had been that the second form was pro-

bably the produce of a second brved, born or reared under different circumstances

from the original brood. Mr. Bates replied that, in the Copride, the two forms cer-

tainly occurred in the same brood ; he bad once thought that the variation of the

mandibles and antennz was owing to the absence of any precise function which those

organs had to fulfil, by reason of which absence there was nothing to limit or give the

character of fixedness to the amount of variation. Mr. Janson thought it was settled

that the function of the mandibles of the Lucanide was to break or bruise the bark of

trees, with a view to the sustenance of the insect. Mr. Jekel replied that the females,

without the development of mandibles, had to do that as much as the males with the

large development. The President referred to the case of certain bees which were un-

mistakeably males, and possessed appendages in the form of horns, as e.g. the male of

Osmia cornuta. Mr. Bates inquired whether the males of the Lucani (L. Cervus, for

instance) fought with one another, and used their mandibles as weapons of offence,

like deer, which amongst the Mammalia might be considered to correspond with the

horned beetles amongst insects. Prof. Westwood said that males of Trichiosoma

had been found fighting together, with their mandibles locked. Mr. Bates con-

cluded that, fundamentally, horns were excrescences of the male organization, and

that it was an afterthought of Nature to make them subserve any particular

function.

October 5, 1863.

F. P. Pascor, Esq., V.P., in the chair.

Donations to the Library.

The following donations were announced, and thanks returned to the respective

donors:—‘ The Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England,’ Vol. xxiv.

Part 2; presented by the Society. ‘Sitzungsberichte der Konigl. bayer. Akademie der

Wissenschaften zu Munchen, 1863, I. Heft. 3; by the Academy. ‘The Intellectual

Observer; No.21; by the Publishers. ‘On the Development of Chloeon (Ephemera)

dimidiatum, Part 1; ‘On the Development of Lonchoptera,’ by John Lubbock, Esq.,

F.R.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S.; by the Author. ‘ Exotic Butterflies’ No. 48; by W. W.

Saunders, Esq. ‘The Zoologist’ for October; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the

Society of Arts’ for September; by the Society. ‘The Farm and Garden,’ Vol. ii.

No. 22; Vol. iii. Nos. 25, 26, 27, 28 and 29; by C. A. Wilson, Esq., Corr. Memb.

Ent. Soc. ‘The Atheneum’ for September; by the Editor. ‘The Reader’ for

September; by the Editor.

Exhibitions, §c.

Prof. Westwood supplemented the account he had given at the last Meeting of the

method pursued at Dresden in the preservation of larve, by stating that the larva-skin

"was not first blown out and afterwards placed in a glass vase over a lamp, but the skin

was first placed within the vase and blown whilst actually suspended over the lamp, by

which means the rapidity of the skin’s drying was much increased ; it was done with a

small tube or blow-pipe fixed at the end of a bladder, which was held under the arm

or between the knees, so as to leave the hands at liberty; and the straw which was

170

inserted into the body of the larva was fastened by a cross-pin stuck through the skin,

which was thus retained in its proper position throughout the process of blowing.

Mr. W. W. Saunders exhibited some young Swede turnips, the lower part of the

roots of which had been consumed by the larve of Agrotis segetum; the young plants

had been very healthy, and promised an excellent crop; three weeks later they ceased

to grow, and became yellow, which was attributed at the time to the weather; a fort-

night afterwards a careful examination was made, and it was discovered that the roots

were attacked just below the surface of the ground; scarcely one was affected above

the surface, but the whole under part of the tubers was eaten away, four or five larve

being found in each turnip, and the whole crop, three acres in extent, being entirely

destroyed. He should be glad to hear of any remedy, or rather of some mode of

preventing such destruction in future.

Prof. Westwood referred to Curtis’s ‘ Farm Insects, where many suggestions were

made for preventing the ravages of the larve of A. segetum, or “ surface grubs,” as

they were called. He himself believed that there was no plan so efficacious as

employing children to pick and destroy the grubs, or turning a lot of ducks into the

field.

Mr. Saunders pointed out that all the remedies suggested by Curtis were inap-

plicable to the present case, where the grubs were only found under ground, and within

the earth-covered part of the root; in fact, the natural plan of getting at the grub was

to pluck up the turnip; he was afraid that nothing would be effectual, short of

discovering and destroying the eggs of the parent moth.

Mr. Stainton exhibited living larve of Anesychia bipunetella, from Wiesbaden ;

the species was formerly supposed to occur in this country, and, though now included

amongst the reputed British Tinee, might not improbably be found here again.

Mr. Stainton also exhibited specimens of Tortrix grandevana, Zel. (= tussila-

ginana, H.-S.), a large and prominent species, the larva of whieh was found on sand-

hills on the shores of the Baltic, fed on the roots of the common coltsfoot (Tussilago),

and formed perpendicular tubes in the sand, of the thickness of a man’s litile finger,

within which it turned to the pupa; frequently the surrounding sand was blown away,

and the tubes thus exposed were opened at the top by birds, which came in quest of

the fat pupa within. This also was a species not unlikely to be found in this country,

now that its habit had been discovered.

Mr. W. W. Saunders mentioned that one of his sons had observed, at Valencia,

some sand-tubes which corresponded exactly with Mr. Stainton’s description, and the

origin of which he had hitherto been unable to explain.

Prof. Westwood exhibited some larva-cases of Psyche helicina; also some

Trichopterous larva-cases, found at Mentone, and coated over with particles of stone ;

the silken grating spun by the full-grown larva when about to turn to the pupa, which

was said to be usually at the head only of the case, was iu this species spun at both ends,

and this circular silken covering was closed up throughout one half of the circle, whilst

the remaining semicircle was radiated open-work; the cases also had a long tail or

appendage, which looked like a piece of grass or straw attached to the end. The

species was Aspatherium picicorne; and out of one of the specimens the Professor had

had the pleasure of extracting a parasitic Ichneumon, Agriotypus armatus, whose habit

it was to descend beneath the surface of the water for the purpuse of depositing its

eggs upon the Trichopterous larva-case.

Mr, M‘Lachlan remarked that, according to Von Siebold, all the specimens

171

affected by the parasite had a peduncle attached to the case; but the appendage to

the cases exhibited appeared to be nothing but straw or vegetable matter.

Prof. Westwood also exhibited specimens of @ beetle belonging to the family

Nitidulidz, which was parasitic in the nest of Trigona carbonaria, the honey bee of

New South Wales: the wax which accompanied the specimens of the beetle sent to

him was merely a rude shapeless mass, and he was unable to ascertain whether or not

the Trigona made cells ; he had also been desirous of discovering whether the larva of

the beetle fed upon the larva of the bee, or upon the wax: with this view he had

placed pieces of cooked meat before the larve, but they avoided it, and many of them

died ; upon the removal of the meat, he put in portions of the wax, which was soon

found with the Coleopterous larve crawling over it.

The President sent for exhibition some specimens of the same beetle, accompanied

by the following note :—

“This very interesting insect was obtained by Mr. T. W. Woodbury, of Exeter,

from a nest of Trigona carbonaria, in which it lives, feeding upon the wax of which

the combs are composed. The nest came from Brisbane, in Queensland. Specimens

of the insect have been forwarded to Mr. Murray, who has so long worked upon the

family of the Nitidulide, to which it belongs; and he informs me that it is the

Brachypeplus auritus of his work, the ear-like form of the basal joint of the antenne

having suggested its specific name. The insect is closely allied to the British Carpo-

philus hemipterus, which is frequently found in great numbers feeding upon figs;

both select a sweet and nourishing substance upon which to feed, both in the larval

and perfect condition. I hope on another occasion to give some account of the nest

in which the beetle was found, as my friend Mr. Woodbury proposes a thorougk

investigation of it.”

Mr. Bates exhibited some South-American palm-nuts attacked by the larve of

Caryoborus cardo, one of the Bruchide, which had recently been received by

Mr, Cutter, of the Crystal Palace; specimens of the imago, of the larva in various

stages of growth, and of the nuts in corresponding stages of destruction, were shown;

the nuts belonged to three species of palm, of which the largest was probably the

Maximiliana regia. A similar disappointment had occurred to Bonpland, who brought

over a number of nuts from New Granada, intending to plant them in France, but on

his arrival the whole were found to be attacked by the larve of Caryoborus curvipes.

Mr. Cutter (who was present as a visitor) explained the circumstances under

which he had received the palm-nuts: 1000 specimens of each kind had been sent by

Mr. Henderson, of Para, and the consignment would have been worth £30, if not

attacked by the larve, from which, however, scarcely a single nut was free, whilst

some contained as many as a dozen grubs.

A letter from Mr. John Young, of No. 80, Guildford Street, addressed to the

Treasurer, was read, in which the writer complained of the presence of large swarms

of a small ant in the kitchen of his house, and enquired what means could be adopted

to rid the house of such a pest.

Mr. Bates suggested a search for the nest, and when found to deluge it with hot

water.

Prof, Westwood said that, many years ago, a Committee of the Society had

examined into this very subject, and the conclusion arrived at was that the most

efficacious plan was to make a careful search for the principal runs, and place therein

172

pieces of raw meat; these were quickly covered with ants, which might at once be put

into boiling water and destroyed, and the process then be repeated.

Mr. Stainton gave the following account of the Entomological Proceedings of the

88th meeting of German Naturalists, held at Stettin, from the 18th to the 24th of

September last :—

“¢ Monday, September 21, L@63, under the Presidency of Herr von Kiesenwetter.

“ Director Loew exhibited his work on the European Trypetide, and called

attention to the twenty-six .photographie figures, which had been executed at the

Royal Printing Press at Vienna.

“ Dr. Kraatz, of Berlin, reduced Melolontha albida of Redtenbacher, from Austria,

and M. albida of Mulsavt, from France, as also M. candicans of Burmeister, by the

help of Grecian specimens, to the ordinary cockchafer (Melolontha vulgaris), and

showed that Greek female specimens were hardly to be distinguished, or were quite

undistinguishable, from the Rhineland M. albida of Erichson (Rhenana, Bach), without,

however, being able with certainty to refer the last-named species to M. vulgaris as a

variety. The fourth German species, M. aceris, Hrichson, was identical with the

M. albida of Bach, and must be called M. pectoralis of Germar.

“‘ Herr v. Kiesenwetter, in reference to the preceding and to the Darwinian theory,

suggested to entomologists that in no other branch of science did material stand so

ready to hand for making experiments in breeding by selection the commonest species

of insects. —

“‘ Herr Toepffer, of Stettin, explained how he had succeeded, by means of a breeding

apparatus, in obtaining healthy larve and imagines from the eggs of Bombyx Mori

brought by the Prussian expedition from Japan, so that he had already distributed

eggs gratis amongst 150 breeders, who were, almost without exception, very well

satisfied with the results; the species seemed well acclimatized and produced each

year better cocoons. Herr Toepffer expressed himself little satisfied with the

Ailanthus and Ricinus larve recommended by Gueérin-Menéville. In conclusion

he exhibited cocoons of the different races, and various manufactures of Pomeranian

silk.”

“ Wednesday, September 23, 1863; under the Presidency of Herr Schulrath

Suffrian.

“ Professor Minter spoke concerning the Fungi parasitic on insects, and exhibited

a larva of Bombyx pudibunda with a huge Gordiceps, and a Carabus nemoralis with

Spherius entomorhiza. He called on entomologists to direct their attention to these

objects when collecting.

“Herr Stein, of Berlin, Director Loew, and Dr. Hagen spoke of similar

appearances amongst exotic insects.

“ Dr. Hartig, from Brunswick, made a communication respecting the Calobates

Rhizome, recently discovered by him, and exhibited a specimen. It is an insect

allied to Aphis, which occurs at the roots of fir trees, and is distinguished by a per-

fectly anomalous structure of the legs, since the tibia and tarsus are grown together in

one straight piece. He also stated that Hylesinus micans, and especially Pissodes

Hercyniez, had lately become highly injurious to the forests of Brunswick and

Hanover, and that along with them their foes, Cryptus impressus, Conites Her-

cynie, &c., had appeared, of which he exhibited several bred from Pissodes larve.

“ Director Loew made a long discourse on the anatomical peculiarities of Oncodes

173

varius; his conclusion (which, in reference to the allied anatomy of the Cyrtide,

seemed well founded) was, that Oncodes should be referred to the neighbourhood of

the Bombylide. i

‘“ Dr. Hagen spoke concerning the respiratory organs of Euphea splendens, on

which a discussion arose, in which Director Loew, Professor Grube, and others took

part.

“ Dr, Rogenhofer, from Vienna, exhibited specimens of both sexes of Pyralis

luridalis of Fischer, of which the older name was connectalis of Hubner; he also

spoke concerning the habits of Cephus spinipes and Cephus compressus.

“ Professor Hering, of Stettin, remarked that Leucania Elymi, now that its habits

were known, had been obtained in considerable plenty on the sand-hills near the

Baltic amongst Elymus arenarius.”

Paper read.

Mr. Baly read a paper entitled “* Descriptions of New Phytophaga,” in which were

described nineteen new species, nearly all belonging to the true Chrysomelide.

New Part of ‘ Transactions.’

A new Part of the ‘Transactions, Third Series, Vol. i. Part 7, being the third

quarterly part for 1863, was on the table.

November 2, 1863.

FREDERICK SMirH, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library.

The following donations were announced, and thanks voted to the respective

donors :—‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society, Vol. xii. No. 57; presented by the

Society. ‘Catalogue of Halticide’ (being a continuation of the British Museum

Catalogue, Part i. 1860), by the Rev. Hamlet Clark, M.A., F.L.S.; by the Author.

‘ Motschulsky, Etudes Entomologiques,’ 9e Année; by the Rev. H. Clark. ‘The

Zoolugist’ for November; by the Editor. ‘The Farm and Garden,’ Nos. 30, 31, 33

and 34; by C. A. Wilson, Esq. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for October ;

by the Society. ‘The Atheneum’ for October; by the Editor. ‘The Reader’ for

October; by the Editor. ‘A Catalogue of British Coleoptera, by G. R. Crotch; by

the Author.

The following additions by purchase were also announced: — ‘Genera des

Coléoptéres d'Europe, Livraisons 112— 116 incl. ‘Skandinaviens Coleoptera

synoptisk bearbetade af C. G. Thomson,’ Vols. 1—5 incl.

New Member.

A certificate in favour of Henry Walter Bates, Esq., as a Member of the Society

having been read, it was moved by Mr. S. Stevens and seconded by Mr. Dunning,

“ That, as in the recent case of the election of Mr. A. R. Wallace (and the consent of

the Council having been obtained), the Bye-Laws relating to the election of Members

be pro hae vice suspended, and that Mr. Bates be now declared to be a Member of the

174

Society.” This was carried by acclamation, and Mr. Bates was thereupon admitted

as a Member, and signed the Obligation Book.

Alteration of Bye-Laws ; Notice of Special Meeting.

Notice was given that, in consequence of a requisition presented to the President

and Council, signed by six Members, a Special General Meeting wonld be held on

Monday, the 25th January, 1864 (the next Anniversary), at 7 p.m., for the considera-

tion of certain alterations in the Bye-Laws specified in the requisition, and the object

of which was, to abolish the Library and Cabinets Committee and the Publication

Committee, and to vest their powers and duties in the Council, to change the title of

Curator to that of Librarian, and to repeal the clause by which it is enacted that no

resident in Great Britain shall be an Honorary Member of the Society.

Exhibitions, §c.

The President exhibited the nest of Trigona carbonaria referred to in the ‘ Pro-

ceedings’ of the last Meeting; it had been recently received from Queensland, and

was constructed in an artificial situation, in the interior of a box, by reason of which

its appearance was probably different from the normal form of the nest; on the upper

(or free) side was a quantity of matter, of a coralline structure, which was apparently

made for the purpose of carrying the nest up to the top of the box, and thereby of

attaining additional support. Externally the nest seemed to consist simply of rude

spherical honey-pots in contact with one another, or connected by means of the coral-

like work before alluded to, but the President thought it probable that there was

comb, more or less irregular, in the interior. It was remarkable that not a single

female of any of the numerous species of Trigona was known.

Prof. Westwood remarked ujion the extraordinary difference of habit between the

Brazilian and Australian Trigone; the Brazilian species made hexagonal cells in

single layers, and the difference was as remarkable as if a species of Apis in England

were found to make honey-pots like a Bombus instead of the ordinary nest of a true

Apis. This structural modification was so great as to suggest a doubt whether Trigona

carbonaria had been rightly placed in the genus Trigona.

The President also exhibited nests of Deilocerus Ellisii, Curtis, one of the social

Tenthredinide: the nests had formerly been exhibited by Curtis at the Linnean

Society, and were figured in vol. xix. of the Linnean ‘ Transactions.’

A lively conversation subsequently tovk place, on the origin or causes affecting

the hexagonal form of the cells of bees, in which the principal participants were the

President, Mr. Waterhouse, Mr. Bates and Prof. Westwood.

The President exhibited specimens of Hyponomeuta padella, which had been

given to him by one of the assistants in the British Museum, and which were said to

have been bred from larve feeding on unripe grains of corn. The gentleman in ques-

tion (to whose general accuracy of observation the President bore testimony) had been

walking through a corn-field in Suffolk, plucking some of the ears and eating the

grain, when he noticed an unpleasant taste, and on examination found numerous

larve feeding on the grain; he had put some into a box, and from them had emerged

the exhibited specimens of H. padella. It was, however, thought probable by the

Lepidopterists present that some mistake must have been made as to the identity of

the larve from which the moths had been raised.

Mr. Bond exhibited a coloured drawing of the larva of Sphinx Convolvuli, of which

175

seven specimens had been taken on the 17th of September last, at St. Leonard’s,

feeding on the small bindweed (Convolvulus minor); also a specimen of the dark

variety of the larva of Acherontia Atropos, found near London, and preserved by

Mr. Baker, of Cambridge.

Mr. F. Moore exhibited some impressions of Indian Lepidoptera taken on wax-

paper by means of pressure applied to the original specimens.

My. Francis exhibited specimens of Anthribus albinus, Zinn., taken at Folkestone

in the second week of September last; and of Chrysomela fulgida, so arranged as to

expose the deep red wings of that species.

Mr. M‘Lachlan exhibited a collection of cases of the larve of various genera of

Trichoptera, showing the different materials, and the different dispositions of those ~

materials, used by the larve in forming their defences; some were composed wholly

of vegetable matter, others wholly of shells or small pebbles, others again had these

substances mixed heterogenecusly; whilst one case of the genus Setodes appeared to

be composed entirely of silk, without being covered externally with any other

substance.

Prof. Westwood exhibited a large sheet of whitish silky matter of extreme smooth-

ness, resembling the finest kid, which had been sent to him by Dr. Cuthbert Colling-

wood, and had been taken from the bottom of a biscuit-chest; the biscuits themselves

were found to have been attacked by larve, which were described as resembling those

of Diptera. The Professor, however, thought it more probable that the web was the

work of Lepidopterous larve.

Mr. Stainton said that his first suspicion had been that the sheet in question had

been made by the larve of Tinea granella; but the matter was more opaque than any

he remembered to have seen, and which had been ascertained to be the workmanship

of that species.

Mr. Jenner Weir, however, had seen pieces even more dense and opaque, which

had undoubtedly been done by the larve of Tinea granella feeding upon grain.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited two specimens of a species of Scymnus, not noticed in

his ‘ Catalogue of British Coleoptera, and read the following notes thereon :—

Note on Scymnus quadrilunulatus, Muls.

“The exhibited specimens of a species of Scymnus are from Kirby’s British col-

lection. In Kirby’s Catalogue they stand as the Coccinella bis-bipustulata of Marsham

(Ent. Brit. No. 46, p. 167), but upon comparing them with the specimen in Stephens’

collection, which in the ‘ Illustrations’ is said to be the Marshamian type, I find that

Kirby’s insect is quite distinct, it being the Scymnus quadrilunulatus of Mulsant’s

“Coléoptéres de France’ (Sécuripalpes, p. 237, sp. 6), a species which is identified by

several authors with the Coccinella quadrilunulata of Llliger.

“7 have re-examined the Marshamian insect, and believe that my former conclusion

respecting it is correct, viz., that it is a four-spotted variety of S. frontalis, a variety

which does not appear to be uncommon on the Continent, but which is apparently

very rare in England, since no other British example has come under my notice than

the one referred to. The statement in the ‘ Illustrations’ and in the ‘ Manual, that

of the two spots on each elytron the posterior “is the largest,” is incorrect, for the ante-

rior spot is the larger.

“‘The Scymnus from Kirby’s collection is a considerably smaller insect, being rather

less than S. discoideus. It is of a short ovate form, with the elytra obtusely rounded

176

behind ; inoderately convex ; well clothed with whitish pubescence ; black, with the

antenne, parts of the mouth, legs and apex of the abdomen, as well as the spots on the

elytra, testaceous ; the femora, however, are dusky at the base. The upper surface is

densely and finely punctured, but on the elytra the punctuation is rather less dense

than on the thorax. The anterior spot on each elytron is moderately large and oblong,

extends from the humeral callosity inwards and slightly downwards, and terminates

far short of the suture ; it is somewhat contracted in width in the middle, and most

dilated on the inner half. The second spot is much smaller, placed abuut midway

between the anterior spot and the apex of the elytra, and nearer to the suture than the

upper spot ; it is slightly transverse, broad and rounded on the side nearest the suture,

and gradually contracted in width externally. Both spots show a slight tendency toa

lunate form. ‘The reflected margin of the apical portion of the elytra is rufous.

“T have seen no other reputed British examples of this species, and hope that this

notice will elicit further information.

“Stephens, in his ‘ Illustrations’ (Mand. iv. p. 393, sp. 7), very briefly describes

an insect (Scymnus colon) in these terms :—‘ Shining black, slightly pubescent ; tho-

rax immaculate ; elytra each with two small luteous spots placed longitudinally ; apex

of abdomen rufescent. Length 1 lin. I have seen one specimen only of this species,

which was captured at Wood Ditton, May 19, 1827; Rev. L. Jenyns. Should this

be identical with the insect exhibited (and I think with Mulsant that such is the case),

we have here a locality for the species.” “

Paper read.

Mr. Stainton read a paper “ On the European species of the Genus Cosmopteryx ;”

this was illustrated by a single coloured figure, which, by an ingenious contrivance,

was made to display the characters of and distinctions between four of the closely-

allied species.

December 7, 1863.

- FREDERICK SmitHu, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library.

The following donations were announced, and thanks voted to the respective donors: .

—‘Proceedings of the Royal Society,’ Vol. xiii. No. 58; presented by the Society.

‘Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society,’ Vol. vii. No. 27; by the Society.

‘Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh, Sessions 1858-62 ; by the

Society. ‘ Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou,’ Année 1862,

Nos. 2, 3,4; by the Society. ‘The Journal of Entomology, Vol. ii. No.9; by the

Proprietors. ‘On Parallel Relations of the Classes of Vertebrates, and on some Cha-

racteristics of the Reptilian Birds ;’ ‘The Classification of Animals based on the

principle of Cephalization ; by the Author, James D. Dana, Esq. ‘ On the Genus

Acentropus ;’ by the Author, Edwin Brown, Esq. ‘ Notes on some new or little-known

species of Freshwater Entomostraca ;’ by the Author, John Lubbock, Esq., F.R.S.,

F.LS., &c. ‘Sepp, Nederlandsche Insecten,’ 2e Série, Nos. 11—34 ; by the Author,

C. Snellen van Vollenhoven, Esq. ‘The Intellectual Observer, Nos. 22 and 23; by

the Publishers. ‘The Zoologist’ for December; by the Editor. ‘The Farm and

177

Garden, Vol. iii. Nos. 35, 36, 38—41; by C. A. Wilson, Esq. ‘The Journal of the

Society of Arts’ for November; by the Society. ‘The Atheneum’ for November; by

the Editor. *The Reader’ for November; by the Editor. ‘ Stettiner Entomologische

Zeitung,’ 24 Jahrg. Nos. 10—12; by the Entomological Society of Stettin.

Election of Member.

George Bryant, Esq., of the India Office, Victoria Street, Westminster, was bal-

lotted fur, and elected a Member of the Society.

Alteration of the Bye-Laws.

Notice was given that a Special General Meeting would be held on Monday, the

25th of January, 1864, at 7 p. M., for the consideration of certain proposed alterations

of the bye-laws.

Exhibitions, &c.

Mr. S. Stevens exhibited a large box of Coleoptera collected by the Rev. Mr. Gerard

in the Zulu Country ; and a specimen of Polyommatus, taken in the Isle of Wight,

which appeared to be intermediate between P. Adonis and P. Alexis. my

Sir John Hearsey exhibited some Indian Lepidoptera, principally Noctuide and

Geometridae.

Mr. W. W. Saunders called attention to the injury done to an Orchid by one of

the Cimicide: the Orchid was a Catasetum, which had been imported from Brazil

about eighteen months before; the bug was a Bryocoris, probably also an importation,

but Mr. Saunders was inclined to think that it had come from Hayti, from which

locality he had, only two months ago, received a collection of Orchids, among which

a species of ant (Formica herculanea ?) had been found. ‘The Bryocoris, when dis-

turbed, exhibited extreme activity, and destroyed the plant in a manner similar to

Thrips.

Professor Westwood produced a MS. entomological journal of the late John Curtis,

being a volume containing a page for each day of the year, and comprising upwards

of two thousand entries, written without very careful attention to grammatical rules,

but with the exquisite neatness which characterized the authors caligraphy. The

observations of successive years were recorded on the same page belonging to the day

of the month on which they were made; the year was entered in one column, the plant —

or material attacked or infested was named in a second column, and the insect attacking

or infesting in a third; these were followed by more particular details as to the nature

and extent of the injury done, and generally as to the habits of the species under obser-

vation. The Professor observed that perhaps, on the whole, there was no better plan

of keeping an entomological journal, but the manifest objection to it was that it was

merely chronological (or rather seasonal), and there were no means of referring at once

to all the observations on the same subject; but an index was required both of the

attacking insects and of the objects attacked.

Professor Westwood also produced, as another Entomologico-literary curiosity, a

MS. page of the Proceedings of the Norwich Entomological Society, of which the fol-

lowing is a copy :—

“Third Meeting. At Mr. Curtis’s, December 4, 1810.

‘A paper was read (No.4) from Mr. Curtis, on the powers of sound possessed by

some individuals among the Coleoptera.

178

‘A paper was read (No. 5) from Mr. Wilkin, on the genus Geotrupes of Latreillé

and Dumeéril, defining its characters and dividing it into sections.

“ A paper was read (No. 6) from Mr. Wilkin, on the Linnzan species of the Carabi,

with observations resulting from an examination of the original specimens labelled by

Linneus, and preserved in the Linnzan collection now in the possession of Dr. Smith.

“Some remarks were made on the subject of Mr. Curtis's paper, in opposition to

the hypothesis proposed by bim, viz. that the sound produced by Cur. fuliginosus and

others when captured arises from the frietion of the abdominal segments on each other.

The majority rather attributed the sound to friciion of the edges of the elytra.

“ Mr. Wilkin communicated to the Society the result of an experiment which he

had made on Blaps lethifera. The ammoniac scent attributed to the inseet by Mr.

Sparshall suggested that possibly some erystallization of ammonia might be obtained

from it. But after destroying a large number of specimens by hot water in a confined

vessel, and thereby obtaining a strong solution of the juices of the animal, Mr. P.

Taylor (who assisted Mr. W. in the experiment) ascertained by the test of a strong

solution [here a blank occurs| that there was not the smallest portion of ammonia.

By dissection, the discriminating characters of the sexes were ascertained, the male

being considerably broader and shorter, the mucro of the elytra is shorter, and at the

base of the abdomen is seated a small tuft of yellow hairs. In size and punctation

this species varies considerably. Sume specimens are smooth, others much more roughly

punctured. In the collection of the Jate Mr. Beckwith is preserved a specimen of the

male having one elytron smooth, the other so deeply punetured as to be rugulose.

And among the specimens captured at the Horse Barracks by Mr. W. he was fortunate

enough to meet with the female of this singular variety, which, eee with some of

the Carabi mentioned in No. 6, were exhibited.

“At the request of Rev. W. Kirby, of Barham, we elected hima Moone of the

Nozwich Entomological Society.”

Professor Westwood exhibited specimens of two new Coleoptera, each of such sin-

gular form as to necessitate the creation of a new genus for its reception: they were

remarkable fur the large size of the bead in the males, and were characterized as

follows :—

Genus CepHatoncus, Westw.

Genus (vel potius subgenus) novum in familia Malachiorum, Cephalogonie, Wollast.,

proximum ; differt capile in maribus prothorace fere duplo latiori, postice exca-

vato, excavatione lata, antice trisinuata, in medio tuberculo minuto obscuro in-

structa ; facie in utroque sexu antice brevi, nec coviea; antenne breviores, sim-

plices, articulo 2do minuto, 3io et 4to sequentibus haud wulto brevioribus.

Prothorax brevis, late cordatus. Palpi labiales articulo ultimo subovali (nec

subsecuriformi). Elytra modice elongata, apice in singulo rotundato.

Cepuatoncus Capito, Westw.

Lutescens, nigro-varius. Capite nigro, excavatione ¢ luteo variegata. Prothorace

fulvescenti, macula magna media, alterisque duabus parvis lateralibus (interdum

coufluentibus). Elytris luteis, humeris late cum scutello maculisque duabus

Magnis subapicalibus nigtis.

Long. corp. $ lin.

Habitat in Insula Canariensi. D. Wollaston.

179

Genus AGLYOYDERES, Westw.

Genus anomalum, et quoad affinitates dubium, quamvis Anthribidibus, ut mihi

videtur, proximum. Corpus oblongum, depressum, obscurum, setosum. Caput

in maribus ante oculos prominentes in cornu utrinque productum, postice in

collum angustum contractum. Antenne recte, filiformes, | 1l-articulate. Man-

dibule breves, crasse, trigone, obtuse tridentate. Maxille plane, subtrigone,

margine interno spinis rigidis curvatis armate. Palpi maxillares abbreviati,

conici, articulis 3 basalibus brevissimis. Labium rotundatum, corneum, valde

setosum. Palpis labialibus minimis, conicis. Prothorax subquadratus, lateribus

rotundatis. Pedes breves, crassi, tarsis brevibus, articulis 2 basalibus subbilo-

batis, 3tio minimo nodiformi, 4to longiori clavato, unguibus 2 simplicibus

instructo.

AGLYCYDERES SETIFER, Westw.

Obscure fusco-nigricans, punctatus; elytris striato-punctatis, punctis setas albidas

emiltentibus.

Long. corp. lin. 1.

Habitat in Insula Canariensi. D. Wollaston.

Mr. W. F. Kirby produced a copy of Dr. Loew’s recently-published work on the

European Trypetida, illustrated with twenty-six enormous photographic plates of the

wings.

Captain Cox sent for exhibition a series of admirably-executed photographie pic-

tures of gruups of insects, accompanied by the following :—

Notes on the application of Photography to Entomology.

“T beg to forward a few notes on the method of applying Photography as a means

of illustrating single specimeus or cabinet drawers of insects; and I believe from the

success that has attended my first effort that I do not over-estimate the great value

this art will ultimately prove in rapidly delineating, with most perfect accuracy, either

single specimens or groups of insects ; and I also believe we are on the threshold of

a very marked periud in the advance which the science of Natural History is now

likely to take, aided by a power so quick in action, so accurate in detail, and so exqui-

sitely beautiful in its general character as Photography ; and I think before long the

appliance of this new Science will enable us to have our entomological cartes de visite

in the form of photographic groups of classes of insects, according to the speciality of

the collector’s taste ; and I am led to believe that, as we progress in this knowledge,

all who have fine collections, and have also the command of moderate means, will not

rest satisfied until they have had them copied by means of Photography, thus handing

down to posterity a faithful record of what once existed,—the result of long, patient

and assiduous collecting, of untiring zeal, of minute and close application. Again,

as the knowledge and appliances of the photographic art are now so generally diffused

over the civilized world, it may occasionally occur that rare or interesting specimens

of insects may be collected, and yet no means of preserving them be at hand ; as from

very many causes, unless the greatest care and attention be constantly used in over-

looking a collection (so perishable as insects are in a warm climate), they are liable to

be destroyed. Now, if these were copied by means of the camera, which would be but

180

the affair of a few minutes, and a trifling expense, we should then possess forms and

markings which no labour of the engraver’s tool could supply, even if time alone did

not at once offer an insurmountable difficulty. Forms obtained in perfection and

in high relief, in fact, the insects, as seen in the accompanying proofs, seem literally

to stand out from the flat surface of the paper: minute markings are clearly defined,

and although we lose colour, yet there is an approximation to it in many instances

which is very remarkable. I may call attention to the Atlas and Strix major, and

also to the singular appearance of the green under the wings of Pontia Rape, P. Napi

and P. Daplidice; in fact, the insects seem to possess in the plate a faint tinge of

green. But this art is more particularly serviceable when we wish to illustrate the

difficult forms we often meet with among the Coleoptera. Here it is of the highest value,

for whatever the eye can see, Photography will unerringly pourtray, and when once we

have a perfect drawing, with its lights, shades and half tones, the engraver (should his

assistance be required) will find his labours materially lessened, and a very large amount

of time saved.

“ Avain, to illustrate its easy applicability, I may mention that the accompanying

drawings, with the exception of the one of Ornithoptera, were prepared to be exhi-

bited at the late Meeting of the East Kent Natural History Society, which was held

on Tuesday, the 24th of November. I prepared my plates on Saturday, the 21st, and

printed and toned them on the following Monday ; therefore in the short space of two

days a series of drawings was finished which no art of the engraver can approach,

either for fidelity or beauty. Even this did not occupy two days; the plates and prints

were only taken whilst the light was good. But to still more clearly illustrate the

advantage and rapidity of this method of copying specimens, I may mention that Mr.

W. W. Saunders kindly attended the late Meeting of our Society in Canterbury, and

communicated a paper on the Ornithoptera : the next morning he drove over to see me.

At half-past ten I took two plates of his beautiful box of Ornithoptera, a copy of which

is forwarded ; at a quarter past eleven he was obliged to leave to meet the train, on

his return home: thus in this short space of time we were enabled to cbtain a photo-

graphic picture of a most beautiful and rare box of butterflies, and also to retain for

our Society a happy reminiscence of a most agreeable evening passed with one of the

late Presidents of the Entomological Society.

“‘ 1 now hope that sufficient has been said to point out how useful the photographic

art may be in connection with the study of several branches of Natural History, and

more particularly with that of Entomology.

“The following apparatus is what I have used. Mr. Thomas Ross’s new triplet

lens, well stopped down ; it covers a plate of ten inches by eight. The camera is by

Burfield and Roach, expanding, and lined with black cotton velvet. The bromo-col-

lodion is by Mr. Linford, of Canterbury. This collodion works quickly, is very clean,

and is remarkably strong and tough. My developer is made as follows : —

Sulphate of iron 5 5

2 drams

Nitrate of potash . : 6 5 B

» 1 scruple.

Acetic acid . 0 : i ORE gs

Spirit of wine . 6 6 RE Mars

Distilled water ‘ : - ~ 10 ounces.

I clean the plates with a solution of cyanide of potassium, the usual form.

18]

“ Method of arranging the Object.—As a rule all light-coloured insects ought to be

set on a dead black paper, dark insects on a white one. Insects ought to be arranged

if possible in some measure according to colour and texture, thus -

“ First, colour. Black velvety wings are good absorbers, but bad reflectors of

light, therefore they will require about five times the length of exposure to that of a

white wing. Yellow colours are most difficult to take; they require a great deal of

forcing, eves more than the black: I am not yet in a position to give any accurate

time, as the yellows vary from the pale lemon to the deep orange; but, as a rule, I

should expose two minutes longer than the black ; thus, if in a box of insects, black,

white and yellows are mixed up, it is extremely difficult to obtain a satisfactory result,

as may be seen in No, 1 plate, containing the swallow-tail, the Bath white and orange-

tip. The swallow-tail is not brought out, whilst the whites and greens are perfect ;

the orange is blackish.

“ Secondly, texture. The wings of the Coleoptera are mostly glazed, therefore

good reflectors. These insects take admirably, as in plate 7; all their salient points

come out remarkably well, and stand sharp and clear. In these insects form is every-

thing, and colour next to nothing; so that by Photography we are enabled to trace

the most minute variations, if the insects be correctly focussed. The clear-winged

insects are also beautifully brought out by this Art,—the Neuroptera especially,—but

care must be taken to have a back-ground suitable for throwing up the exquisitely

delicate tracery of the wings ; the Orthoptera also come out well. Specimens of these

two insects are seen in plate 7.

“ Size of Specimens.—This is a very important consideration. If we wish to exhibit

a single specimen, it ought to be taken as near the full size as possible, but where a

series is to be photographed the expense must be kept down by diminishing the size

(as seen in plate 5), for here we have a specimen of the largest moth known, which

would have occupied more space than the whole plate, yet brought out so clearly and

forcibly in the reduced size as to be in every way satisfactory, for I think so long as

we can have all the markings well developed, it is not of much consequence that the

actual size should be adhered to.

“‘In conclusion I beg to state that I shall be happy to answer any communications —

forwarded to me on this subject.”

The President read the following note:—

On the Nest of Trigona carbonaria.

“ At the November Meeting of this Society I exhibited a nest of Trigona carbonaria,

a stingless honey bee, from Queensland, Eastern Australia. JI have had opportunities

since that time of more carefully inspecting the structure of the nest, and I think the

results may be sufficiently interesting to lay before the Meeting. On cutting away a

portion of the back of the box in which the nest was built I at once obtained a view of

the interior. The spaces between the combs, and also every hole and crevice, were

crammed with the bodies of dead bees; I obtained from four to five hundred, all of

which I carefully examined in the hope of finding a female. All appeared to be

ordinary working bees ; I could not detect any difference among them. The combs

in the nest of Trigona carbonaria are-arranged precisely similar to those of the common

wasp, that is, they are single, placed horizontally, and attached, or rather kept apart

from each other, by short columns or foot-stalks ; the mouths of the cells are, as in the

182

nest of the wasp, downwards. The cells were entirely filled with brood ; T could find

very few not occupied. None of them contained honey; all the honey collected I

concluded is always stored in honey-pots at the foot of the nest. As far as I could

number the honey-pots I counted about 250.

“In one particular the nest of Trigona differs materially from that of the wasp in

the mode of its construction: the combs are built over each other, the lower comb

being first constructed, so that it increases in size upwards, that of the wasp being

enlarged dowowards. Thus it will be seen at ounce that the arrangements of the hive

of Trigona are very different from those of the hive bee. In the latter case the combs

consist of a double series of cells, and are suspended vertically, and on the receptacles

proper of the honey itself as well as of the brood. I am, however, inclined to the

opinion that the hive of Trigona contains several prolific females; the accounts given

of the multitudes inhabiting some nests is too great, I think, to render it possible that

one female could produce them all. Mr. Stretch described a hive that he saw occu-

pying the interior of a decaying tree that measured six feet in length, and the multi-

tude of bees he compared to a black cloud. That there is more than one female in

the hive of Trigona is, I think, rendered almost certain, from the fact of M. Guérin

having found six in a nest of Melipona fulvipes, a genus very closely allied to Tri-

gona.

“In Mr. Gosse’s ‘ Naturalist’s Sojourn in Jamaica’ is a very interesting account of

a nest of a species of Trigona. It is extracted from the journal of his friend Mr. Hill,

who writes as follows :— The wax of these bees is very unctuous avd dark-coloured, but

susceptible of being whitened by bleaching. The honey is‘stored in clusiers of cups,

about the size of pigeon’s eggs, at the bottom of the hive, and always from the brood-

cells. The brood-cells are hexagonal,—they are not deep, and the young ones, when

ready to burst their cerement, just fill the whole cavity. The mother bee is lighter

in colour than the other bees, and elongated at the abdomen to double their length.’

“The wax of which the nest of Trigona carbonaria is constructed differs in quality

materially from that of the hive bee. Myr. Woodbury, who obtained the nest from

Australia, had tested it in some degree, and scarcely considered it to be properly wax,

taking that of the hive bee as the standard of quality. On holding it in a flame it

does not melt as bees’-wax does, but ignites and burns with a red flame. If analysed

it would probably prove to be composed principally of resinous gum.”

During the Meeting the Secretary received from Charles Williams, Esq., Resident

Surgeon of the Norfolk and Norwich Hospital, a living female specimen of the common

wasp, which had on the previous day (Dec. 6th) flown into Mr. Williams’ bed-room.

The following was communicated by Mr. C. A. Wilson, of Adelaide :—

Notes on the South-Australian Calosoma Curtisit.

“The genus Calosoma being a remarkable one in a favourite family, I have

thought that a few notes, from persunal observation, on the economy of our only known

species would be interesting. (There is said to be another species of Calosoma native

of our province, smaller and of a black colour, but I cannot hear of any one who

either has found or possesses it.) C. Curtisii was first found about five years after the

establishment of this colony. In the month of November, 1841, they were brought

singly into town from the North (as a few miles north of Adelaide was then called),

being picked up by carters as ‘something curious. I was asked to name the insect

183

(being, I believe, then the only entomologist in the colony), and found it a Calosoma.

The following year a few more were found, and three or four were also said to have

flown into one of the shops in Adelaide at night, attracted by the oil lights.

“¢ After this came a lull for a few years, during which this much-prized beetle was

rarely seen; but in 1851 several were again observed, and in the following year they

immensely increased, and appeared to reach in numbers their culminating point, for

in 1853 and since they seemed gradually to decrease again. Last year (1862) they

were rather more numerous than usual, and about two dozen were taken altogether,

in the same spots as those of previous years. Their time of appearance is almost

always through the month of November, and so strictly is this the case that they are

never looked for and seldom seen even a few days before or after that month. On

one occasion, however, I found a solitary one a few days before Christmas.

“ The habitat of these beeiles has been hitherto exceedingly local, first a few miles

north of Adelaide, and since almost confined to the foot of the North Adelaide hills;

thence spreading to the park lands between them and South Adelaide, and occasionally

to adjacent outskirts of the town. I hardly ever heard of their being found anywhere

else, though on one occasion I took one myself thirty-two miles north, or six beyond

Gawler Town, in a garden. My idea is that once found in North Adelaide and neigh-

bourhood, they were retained there by the quantity of cow-dung scattered about, under

the drying pieces of which they frequently hide. In the above places they kept almost

exclusively to the foot-paths, and were thus at once perceived: these they were seen

often crossing briskly enough, but not so swiftly as to prevent their being easily taken.

Occasionally I have perceived one at a distance, standing motionless in the middle of

a path, the sunlight playing brilliantly on his polished elytra, and not moving till I was

close upon him. They are cuntinually trodden under-foot, being considered from their

aspect ‘venomous’! They evidently avoid the grassy spots, and come out into ‘ the

clearings, as the weeds and grass seem to incommode them and prevent their

walking. I have never in a single instance known them attempt to fly, nor ever

observed them on the wing, though they have ample organs for that purpose.

“These beetles are fond of all damp situations, but still do not like rainy weather,

which seems to clog them; and again the hot weather of December I think but few

of them could stand, so the term of their full-fledged existence is but of short

duration. Their food, I think, must be the different kinds of caterpillars about in

October and November, and occasionally those naked ones (of the Noctuide) found

under cow-dung, where I have sometimes observed the beetle. They often exude

too, when caught, a bruwn liquid from their mouths, smelling strongly of stercorarious

matters.

course, a little in size: it was probably full grown. I never found any of these

larve till the year 1852, when the greatest number of the imago was taken; all were

found at the same places as the beetles, at the same time, and nearly all of their full

size. These facts are singular, and seem to prove that these insects remain in either

the larva or pupa state several years, and then are all perfected at the end of so many

years at the same time. I have seen the perfect beetle and full-grown larva together

under cow-dung, and on the surface of the ground. The length of the pupa-condition

(whose place of rest is, | suppose, beneath the surface of the ground) I know not yet.

There has lately been a rumour of these Carabide being found in the far north (from

three to six hundred miles inland), but this has not been authenticated.

184

“ The following notes are copied, almost verbatim, from those I made at the time

in my entomological note-book:—

“ Calosoma Curtisii.—Nov. 1, 1852. The first of the season taken and brought to

me; smallest had yet; very bright green ; found below N. Adelaide hills.

“Nov. 2. Found self another Calosoma in foot-path between N. and 8. Adelaide,

in Square near the Church; also small; running quickly.

“Nov. 3. Found three more Calosomas, foot of N. Adelaide hills, 4 p.m.; running

across paths. (Caterpillars of Plusia abundant).

“Nov.5. Five Calosomas; two in morning; three in afternoon; morning at same

place—ford or crossing place.

“Nov. 6. Four more Calosomas; always found at foot, never top of hills; always

in paths with grass at sides; all those found last few days full-sized.

“Nov. 8. Four more Calosomas; same places.

“Nov. 9. Five more, one of these for first time im grass, and not very near

path.

“ Noy. 10. Extraordinary day for Calosomas; found altogether twenty-four in

compass of half a mile.

- “Noy. 11, 12 and 13. Respectively four, two and one of these beetles.

‘““Nov. 15. Two Calosomas; one a female burrowing in ground, as if to lay.

“ Nov. 16. Four more Calosomas, under cow-dung in park lands N. Adelaide ;

two under one piece; also two large larve, first I have seen, probably larve of these

beetles; very active indeed, jumping about when touched; exuded a dull white matter.

Colour dull black with red bands. (Figure here drawn). In evening of same day

one Calosoma flew into room.

“Nov. 17. Another Calosoma-larva under cow-dung.

“Nov. 19. Saw the curious larva of the Calosoma crossing the road quickly,

nearly as quickly as the beetle itself, in same spot as before—i.e. near ford.

“Noy. 20. Another larva, same kind, crossing the road.”

Paper read.

Mr. M‘Lachlan read a paper “On the Types of Phryganide described by Fabri-

cius from the Banksian Collection.” In this paper the Limnephilus intercisus of

Walker was identified with the Phryganea irrorata, Fabr., and the Dipseudopsis

capensis of Walker with the Phryganea notata, Fabr., it being conceived that

Fabricius was in error in stating that the latter was from North America; and the

third type-species, P.signata, Fabr., was referred to the genus Brachycentrus of

Curtis, possibly B. incanus of Hagen.

January 4, 1864.

FREDERICK Situ, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library. ,

The following donations were announced, and thanks voted to the respective donors:

——‘ Sitzungsberichte der Konig]. bayer Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Miinnchen,’

1863, Heft 4; presented by the Akademie. Hewitson’s ‘ Exotic Butterflies,’ Part 49;

by W. W. Saunders, Esq. ‘The Entomologist’s Annual’ for 1864; by the Editor.

‘The Zoologist’ for January; by the Editor. ‘The Intellectual Observer, No. 24;

by the Publishers. ‘The Atheneum’ for December; by the Editor. ‘The Journal

of the Society of Arts’ for December; by the Society. ‘The Reader’ for December ;

by the Editor.

The following addition by purchase was also announced :—H. von Kiesenwetter,

‘ Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschlands.’ Erste Abtheilg. Wol. iv. Part 4.

New Member.

Herr G. Semper, of Altona, was ballotted for and elected a Foreign Member.

Alteration of Bye-Laws.

A requisition, presented to the President and Council, signed by six Members, was

read; and it was announced that, in compliance therewith, a Special General Meeting

would be held on the 25th of January, 1864, at 7 p. ., for the consideration of certain

alterations in the Bye-Laws specified in the Requisition, and which were taken as read

to the Meeting.

Exhibitions, §c.

The Secretary read a communication from the Lords Commissioners of the

Admiralty, enclesing a copy of a circular letter from the Governor of St. Helena,

respecting the ravages committed in that island by white ants. It was therein stated

that the insects were, it is supposed, accidentally introduced from the coast of Guinea

about twenty years since; that almost every dwelling, store, or shed, in Jamestown,

containing nearly 4000 inhabitants, has been seriously injured by them, involving, in

many instances, complete ruin and abandonment, and imperilling the lives of large

numbers of the poorer classes, who are still living in houses of doubtful security: the

Governor was especially anxious for detailed information as to the most successful

mode of finding the ants’ nests and effectually destroying those receptacles, and as to

the description of timber which has proved to be the least susceptible of injury from

the insect, and the average market price of that timber at per cubic foot.

Gen. Sir J. Hearsey, after detailing some of his own experiences in connexion with

white ants in India, said that the nests must be sought in the plains, for if once the ants

effected a lodgment in the walls of a house, the walls themselves must be taken down

before the insects could be eradicated. He thought the best preventative of their

attacks was to steep the timber, before building, in a solution of quick-lime, and com-

pletely saturate it therewith; whilst store-boxes, furniture, and small articles should

be painted or coated over with a solution of corrosive sublimate.

186

Mr, E, W. Robinson said that, on the Indian railways, the plan was to make the

sleepers of kyanized timber, z.e. timber to which a solution of creosote had been

applied; it was, however, found insufficient merely to dip the wood or coat it over

with the solution, but the whole block must be impregnated with the creosote, which

was forced through the timber by the application of hydraulic pressure.

My. Bates said that the houses on the banks of the Amazon were not much

infested with white ants, which he attributed, in a great measure, to the use of a very

hard wood, called Acapt: it was the habit to rest store-boxes, &c., on sleepers or

cylindrical pieces of that wood, which in many cases afforded sufficient protection.

When the white ants had effected an entry into the walls (which in the Amazon

country were principally composed of upright posts, with cross laths, filled up with

mud, and covered with lime or cement), he had found it an unfailing remedy to fill

up the holes in the walls with arsenical soap; pure oxide of arsenic might be used,

but that of course was attended with danger: the arsenical soap was cheap, and

might be diluted with water, and boxes, &v., washed over with the solution. The

most effective method would doubtless be to completely saturate and poison the

timber, as General Hearsey had mentioned with respect to the quick-lime.

A conversation subsequently took place on the habits of the Termites, the principal

speakers being Gen. Hearsey, Mr. Bates and Prof. Westwood. In the course of the

discussion Mr. Bates expressed (though with some hesitation) an opinion that the

copulation of white ants occurs on the surface of the earth, and not, as was commonly

supposed, in mid-air.

Mr. Newman exhibited a series of coloured drawings, life-size and magnified, of

larve of the genus Anticlea, admirably executed by Mr. Buckler.

Captain Cox also exhibited a large number of drawings of Lepidopterous idee

exquisitely coloured by Mrs. Charles Cox: he also read the following :—

Notes on collecting Lepidopterous Larve.

“T have now for some years been collecting larvee of Lepidoptera fur Mrs. Charles

Cox to colour, and I may mention that in our neighbourhood there has been almost

an entire failure, even of the most common kinds, during the past two years, so that

we have done comparatively little.

“To those unacquainted with larve it may appear an easy matter to collect them

and recognize their forms; but so much do many larve resemble each other that

experience shows that.it requires a large amount of study and constant practice to be

able only approximately to say to what kind of moth such and such a larva belongs.

We have found that no hitherto-known scientific arrangement assisted us in

deciphering rapidly, after a hard day’s or night’s beating and collecting in a favourable

season, the various captures made; so we have been obliged to have recourse to a con-

ventional system, which has assisted us materially.

““We divide all known larve into three great classes: the Hairy or Spined, the

Smooth-skinned, and the Looper.

“The Hairy or Spined we subdivide into those thickly covered, and those mode-

rately covered or tufted; (we do not take account when the hair is only sparsely seen).

Each of these subdivisions is again subdivided into the colours, brown or reddish,

black or very dark, and yellow, green or gray.

“The Smovth-skinned are divided into those with a caudal spike, and those without ;

187

these are subdivided under colours, green or yellow, brown or reddish, black or very

dark. Each of these divisions is again subdivided into the striped, the lined longi-

tudinally, and the plain.

“The Loopers are divided into those with 10 legs (perfect loopers) and those with

12 legs (imperfect loopers); and these are subdivided in the same manner as the two

divisions of the Smooth-skinned.

“The following Table exhibits these divisions, and an index of larve kept in this

form enables us rapidly to sort our captures and to find whether we have copied them

or not, or if they have been described by others :—

“ Larve of Lepidoptera.

I. Hairy or spined.

1. Thickly covered.

a. Brown or reddish.

B. Black or very dark.

c. Yellow, green or gray.

2. Moderately covered, or tufted.

a. Brown or reddish.

B. Black or very dark.

c. Yellow, green or gray.

IJ. Smooth-skinned.

1. With caudal spike.

a. Brown or reddish.

a. Striped.

b. Lined longitudinally.

c. Plain.

B. Black or very dark.

a. Striped.

b. Lined longitudinally.

ce. Plain.

c. Yellow or green.

a. Striped.

6. Lined longitudinally.

ce. Plain.

2. Without caudal spike.

Noe

2. |

As above.

188

III. Loopers.

1. With 10 legs (perfect loopers).

A. 7

ae } As above.

oes

2. With 12 legs (imperfect loopers).

Cc.

iN As above.

(G5

Cc.

c. J

“We keep a book in which is entered a description of the larva to be drawn; to

this a numeral is attached: the larva is placed in a case, and on this, as well as on

the drawing, the same number is marked. We then patiently await the arrival of the

imago, to verify the name of the larva.

“In prosecuting our work, no name is affixed to our list until we are certain of the

insect by its appearance in the breeding-cage. It is this great anxiety to verify, by

actual fact, every insect that we find or is sent to us, that causes such an infinity of

trouble; for it is painful, from one cause or another, to find how often our hopes are

baffled by the untimely death of the larva or pupa, and then another year or two must

pass away before we may obtain specimens again. Thus we have now considerably

more than a hundred drawings unnamed, and consequently unregistered in the

finished series.

“In breeding larve, some feed only at night, others in the direct sun-light, others

at any time: care must be taken to favour each peculiar habit; if not, failure will

ensue. Also, some bury themselves in the earth, either to hide or to change into

the pupa state, others spin a cocoon on a branch, others on the surface, collecting

the loose material around; in every case the insect ought to have the means of

following its natural instinct. Thus, peat or broken turf and white sand make a good

soil for the larve to retire into; this ought to be covered with close clean moss, free

from insects, and kept moderately damp, and with a few upright pieces of wood for

the insect to stretch itself upon after feeding, as we observe it is the habit of the

nocturnal feeders to lie at full length for a short time after their evening diet.

189

“In seeking nocturnal feeders, generally but few make their appearance until

about an hour after sunset; on the low herbage and banks the lamp and bent position

must be the order of search; on spare and leafless brushwood the light will detect the

insect, either feeding or at rest; but amongst brushwood an inverted umbrella, when

it can be used, will save much time, and a quick tap with a-stick will cause the

larvee to drop off into it. The lamp should be strapped round the waist. Many

small larvee, after feeding, hang suspended by a silken thread; all these the umbrella

will receive.

“ During the night or day the quick eye must be ever ready to see the nibbled leaf,

the exuvial deposit, the web, or any other sign of insect presence. It was by examining

the entrance of a wood, by the light of my lamp, that I discovered a piece of exuvie ;

on further search I came upon a number of larve of Vanessa Cardui, before which

time I had never seen in this neighbourhood the caterpillars, and the perfect insect

but once. I found them feeding on the cudweed (Gnaphalium sylvatica): I have not

seen this given before as its food-plant.

“In collecting by day, a large sheet spread under the trees at the proper season of

the year, and the trees. beaten by a long pole, will generally send down many

larve.

“Thus the sheet and umbrella by day, the umbrella and lamp by night, a quick

eye and a strong frame, will be sure to meet with success.

“There are other larve, some of which mine in the leaves, others in roots or stems

of plants, or enclose themselves by drawing the ends of a single leaf or many leaves

together. There are also many larve that rarely appear above ground: these are to

be obtained only by @igging them out; therefore, whenever you have an opportunity,

ask the men turning up the soil to save all the ‘bugs’ and ‘slugs’ they find; for by

these names only are they known by our unenlightened clodhoppers.

*¢ Mrs. Charles Cox has now completed 170 coloured drawings of larve, the names

of which are correctly authenticated, with about 120 not yet named. We are most

anxious to continue our work, and we shall be indebted to our entomological friends

if they will contribute to our wants. I need not say how pleased we shall be at all

times to exhibit the progress of our work, and to forward lists to any Members of our

Society who may desire to give a helping hand.”

Prof. Westwood exhibited a selection, containing several novelties, from a collection

of Coleoptera sent to this country from the River Shire by the Rev. Henry Rowley

(attached to the Oxford and Cambridge Mission to the Zambesi); and remarked upon

the identity of many of the insects from Zambesi with those from Mozambique. One

of the new species exhibited, belonging to the Cetoniidz, was very remarkable for the

variation in colour in the different individuals.

Prof. Westwood also exhibited a specimen of Hylotorus bucephalus, Schonh., one

of the Pausside; and read the following descriptions of three new species of that

family :—

1. CeraprEerus KirBu, Westw.

Subangustus, prothorace capite vix latiori, subquadrato, angulis anticis rotundatis,

elytris pone medium latioribus; glaberrimus et levissimus; capite inter oculos

bi-impresso; antennarum clava 9-articulata, subangusta, lateribus parallelis,

articulo basali clave parvo; prothoracis lateribus acute marginatis; rufo-piceus,

prothorace rufescenti, lateribus elytrorum cum macula ovata prope angulos

190

posticos, apicibus, suturaque lutescentibus; femoribus anticis subtus concavis;

pedibus omnibus (tarsis piceis exceptis) corporeque subtus magis rufescentibus,

nitidis.

Long. corp. lin. 33.

Habitat in Natalia. D.Guienzius. In Mus. Hopeiano Oxoniz.

2. Paussus Spenctt, Wesiw.

Oblongus, subdepressus, subnitidus, castaneo-rufus ; elytris (basi apiceque exceptis)

nigris; minute punctatus, punctis setas luteas emittentibus; capite antice

emarginato et impressione longitudinali notato; antennatum clava reniformi,

subdepressa, margine antico acuto, postico supra in medio impressione semi-

ovali distineto; prothorace capitis latitudine, bipartito, angulis lateralibus partis

antice rotundatis, disco hujus partis inermi; medio prothoracis excavatione pro-

funda, impresso; elytris subangustis; femoribus tibiisque omnibus compressis

sublatis.

Long. corp. lin. 23.

Habitat in India Orientali? In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonie.

3. Paussus Currisir, Westw.

Elongatus, subcylindricus; levis, subopacus, totus obscure rufus; antennis pedi-

busque granulatis; capite supra lineis duabus angulato-elevatis longitudinali-

bus anticis, alterisque duabus obliquis verticalibus (tuberculum medium

includentibus) carinato; antennarum clava gracili, cylindrica, apice incrassato,

subclavato et 3-denticulato; prothorace bipartito, parte antica in medio canali-

culata, margineque postico acuto; impressione magna quadrata mediana ad

latus utrinque producta; elytris singulis prope marginem lateralem tuber-

culis duobus glabris (hoc ante medium, illo versus angulos posticos) instructis ;

tibiis omnibus subangustis, subcylindricis.

Long. corp. lin. 4.

Habitat in Natalia. D.Gerrard. In Mus. Hopeiano Oxoniz.

Paper read.

Prof. Westwood read a paper entitled “‘ Descriptions of new Lucanoid Coleoptera,”

supplemental to his recent Memoir on Lucanide published in the ‘ Transactions’;

the species described were all exotic, and illustrated with figures.

New Part of the ‘ Transactions.’

A new Part of the ‘ Transactions’ (Third Series, Vol. i., Part 8), being the fourth

quarterly Part for 1863, was on the table.

191

SpeciaL GENERAL MEETING.

January 25, 1864.

Freperick Smiru, Ksq., President, in the chair.

A Special Meeting was this day held, pursuant to notice, for the purpose of con-

sidering certain proposed alterations in the Bye-Laws, the objects of which were

(1) to change the title of the Curator to that of Librarian, (2) to transfer to the

Librarian certain duties hitherto performed by the Secretary, (3) to abolish the Library

and Cabinet Committee, (4) to abolish the Publication Committee—and to vest in the

Council the powers and duties of both those Committees, and (5) to repeal chap. XVII.

sec. 3, whereby residents in the United Kingdom are excluded from Honorary Mem-

bership of the Society.

The alterations necessary for effecting the first object were proposed by Mr. Dun-

ning, and seconded by Mr. May; that for effecting the second object was proposed

by Mr. Dunning, and seconded by Mr. Grut; those necessary for and consequent upon

effecting the third object were proposed by Mr. Dunning, and seconded by Mr.

Edward Sheppard ; those necessary for and consequent upon effecting the fourth ob-

ject were proposed by Mr. Dunning, and seconded by Mr. Wilkinson. The above

were carried without division.

The repeal of chap. XVII. sec. 3, was proposed by Mr. Pascoe, and seconded by

Mr. Baly. The Meeting was addressed on this question by Mr. Dunning, Mr.

McLachlan, Mr. Edward Sheppard, and Mr. Waterhouse; and by Mr. Pascoe in

reply.

On a division the numbers were—For the motion, 6; against it, 14. The motion

was consequently lost.

AynuaLt MEETING.

January 25, 1864.

FREDERICK SmituH, Esq., President, in the chair.

An Abstract of the Treasurer’s Accounts for 1863, and the Annual Report of the

Council on the general concerns of the Society, were read.

The following gentlemen were elected Members of the Council for the ensuing

year :—Messrs. Bates, Rev. Hamlet Clark, Dunning, Grut, McLachlan, May, Pascoe,

Edwin Shepherd, Frederick Smith, Stainton, Samuel Stevens, Alfred R. Wallace, and

J. Jenner Weir. ;

192

The following Officers for the ensuing year were then elected :—Mr. Stainton,

President ; Mr. S. Stevens, Treasurer; Messrs. Shepherd and Dunning, Secretaries ;

Mr. Janson, Librarian.

The retiring President delivered an elaborate Address, at the conclusion of which

a vote of thanks to Mr. Smith for his uniformly courteous conduct in the chair, and

for his constant attention to the affairs of the Society during his biennial Presidency,

was carried by acclamation. The vote was accompanied by a request that the Address

might be printed in the ‘ Journal of Proceedings.’

The President returned thanks; and a complimentary vote to the other Officers

and Members of Council for 1863 was subsequently carried and duly acknowledged.

193

Report of the Council for 1868.

In accordance with the Bye-Laws the Council presents to the Society the fol-

lowing Report :—

The most important event of the past year has been the disposal of the Collections

of British Insects. This step was not taken without much deliberation, and extra-

ordinary measures were adopted to ascertain the feeling of both Members and Sub-

scribers before the question was finally submitted to a Special Meeting. In pursuance

of the decision of that Meeting, the type-specimens have been transferred to the

British Museum ; the residne of the Collections and the Cabinets have been sold by

public auction. We feel assured that by ceasing to attempt that to which our present

resources are inadequate, and by restricting our expenditure to the extension of the

Library and the publication of valuable Entomological Memoirs, we are doing the best

that our financial position allows to promote the objects for which the Society is con-

stituted.

Many precious works have been presented to the Library, and important additions

have also been made by purchase ; a considerable sum has been expended in binding

numerous volumes, and (what was much required) a handsome acquisition to the

Society's Apartments has been made in the shape of a new mahogany book-case.

During the past year we have done honour to ourselves by adding to our roll of

Honorary Members the names of Hagen, Lacordaire, and Leconte. But we regret to

announce a diminution in the number of our Ordinary Members and Subscribers.

We have lost four Members and five Subscribers—nine in all, of which three vacancies

have been caused by death, and six by resignation. On the other hand we have

elected five Members and one Subscriber: but this leaves a resultant loss to the

Society of three Contributors. And here it may not be amiss to remind you of how

small a number our body is really composed : at the present moment the List contains

the names of 111 Members and 32 Annual Subscribers—143 Contributors in all; a

number which seems to show that the metropolitan Society is scarcely in the receipt

of that amount of support which it has a fair right to expect from the Entomologists

of the United Kingdom. Under such circumstances the secession even of three mem-

bers is to be deplored: but we would fain hope that by their ardour and enthusiasm

our recruits will more than supply the places of the deserters, and that, by the earnest

endeavours of those who have already joined our standard, many others may be

induced to enrol themselves in our ranks.

We have published four Parts of ‘Transactions, comprising nineteen Papers,

illustrated with ten Plates. We have also completed a work which was begun in the

previous year, viz., the making up into volumes the entire stuck of the Second Series

of the ‘ Transactions.’ This proved to be a work entailing large expense and con-

siderable trouble ; some of the Plates had to be engraved afresh, and additional copies

of nearly all of them had to be printed. But the whole has happily been accom-

plished, and the Society has been enabled thereby to satisfy its obligation of supplying

the ‘Transactions’ to numerous Foreign Societies and Honorary Members whose

Tore

claims had been allowed to lie dormant for years, and whilst fulfilling its duty of ren-

dering accessible to the public the Memoirs entrusted to it for publication, it has con-

verted into vendible volumes what before were unproductive sheets. In fact, the

outlay incurred is not to be regarded as so much capital sunk, but as an invest-

ment in a valuable property which will yield a remunerative return.

While thus dealing with the ‘ Transactions’ of the present and the past, we have

not been unmindful of the future. A short time will now suffice for the production of

Major Parry’s “ Catalogue of Lucanoid Coleoptera,” a work of such dimensions as

to entitle it to publication as a separate Part, complete in itself. And the Council has

great pleasure in announcing that arrangements have been made for the description

by Mr. Pascoe of the vast collection of Longicornia brought home by Mr. Wallace,

comprising upwards of 800 new species and not less than 100 new genera; these

descriptions will be illustrated with numerous Plates, and will be published in sepa-

rate and independent Parts consecutively paged, so as ultimately to form an entire

Volume of the ‘Transactions.’ A work of this magnitude, executed in the style we

have a right to expect from Mr. Pascoe, will form one of the most important contribu-

tions to Coleopterology which has appeared in the Annals of any Entomological

Society.

At the last Anniversary the Assets of the Society were £109 14s. Od. Consols, and

a true balance of £34 8s. 4d. in hand. The Abstract of the Treasurer’s Accounts for

1863, which has been read to the Meeting, shows our present Assets to be £109 14s. Od.

Consols, and a true balance of £24 11s. 9d. in hand. Notwithstanding therefore the

intimation conveyed in the Report of last January, as to the probable diminution of

the reserve-fund, our disbursements for the year have exceeded our receipts by

£9 16s. 7d., and no more. The sum derived from the sale of the Collections was

more than sufficient to meet the extraordinary expenses above alluded to; so that in

spite of an unusually large outlay on the Library, and an expenditure fully equal to

the average on the current ‘ Transactions’ and ‘ Journal of Proceedings, we are still

able to show a balance in hand and our reserve-fund intact. ‘The Accounts for 1863

may be exhibited (in round numbers) as follows :—

RECEIPTS. ; PAYMENTS.

£ £

Sale of Collections eae «- 127 | Second Series of ‘ Transactions’ 115

» ‘Transactions’ ... 608 53 | Third Xe - 95

Annual Contributions... eect Ooi) PAU ray eetess aa on eve 60

Arrears of ditto... ibis hes 20 | Rent aes ae es ea 45

Admission Fees ... 600 cc 19 | Curator’s Salary .. son me 18

Composition of a Life Member .. 15 | Postage, Stationery, Attendance, 1b

Interest on Consols ose S00 3 and General Management | zs

Donations no See we 24 | Fire Insurance ... bere 3

a &c., for 13 Meetings eee 13

£364 £364

The quarter’s rent due at Christmas, and not included in this summary, may be

taken, then, as measuring (and it rather exceeds) the amount by which our balance

to-day is smaller than that at the last Anniversary.

195

The interest of our Meetings has been well sustained, and the attendance as large

as ever; the demand for our publications seems to be increasing ; our Library grows

more and more useful, is more and more used. The alterations in the Bye-Laws

which you have to-day adopted will provide a less cumbrous machinery for effecting

some of our principal objects, and rendering more prompt the action of the Executive.

In fine, our term of office has not been a period of inactivity. Taking a calm

review of the past, the Council feels itself justified in asserting that, if not remarkable

for decided progress, the year 1863 at all events has not witnessed any retrogression.

25th January, 1864.

196

THE PRESIDENTS ADDRESS.

GENTLEMEN,

I remember being present at an Anniversary Meeting

of this Society when the President delivered an excellent Address,

and at the same time told us what an Address should comprise, and

in what manner each subject should be treated; he added that

unless this was accomplished the custom of addressing you were

more honoured in the breach than in the observance. Now, genitle-

men, I don’t like even to attempt an Address im fetters; I know

I should fail: but as I have on all occasions received your most

cordial support, and as you have so kindly overlooked all my short-

comings, I am encouraged to ask at your hands permission to pursue

my own unguided way, just noticing such things as in my humble

judgment appear most important or interesting ; and I trust that in

any observations I may make you will give me credit for being

prompted by one feeling alone—a sincere wish for the welfare of the

Society in every respect, and a desire that it may be the means of

increasing the real benefits of Entomology a hundred fold.

It has been customary, on previous Anniversary Meetings, for the

President to bring before you a statement of our finances, of the

number of Members added to our ranks during the previous year, and

a few other items connected with the management of the Society.

On the present occasion the Report of the Council supplies these

details, and relieves me of that portion of my task.

During the past year the Society came to a decision, which in

my opinion was a wise one, to sell the remaining portion of our col-

lection of insects ; this has been carried into effect, and the proceeds

wisely used; partly in the purchase of books, as well as a book-case;

and partly in reproducing those numbers of our ‘ Transactions’ which

form the Second Series: we are now in a position to supply Members

or the public with the Second Series complete ; I trust at our next

Anniversary the same will be the case with the First Series.

Having parted with our collections, it behoves us to carry out to

the utmost the object proposed by the sale of our insects; our aim

197

should be to increase our already excellent Library, by the purchase

of such works as we still require, so far as our means will enable us.

Numerous valuable works have been purchased during the year, but

many, which may be considered indispensable working books, are

still wanting.

But possessing, as I have already observed, an excellent Library,

are we taking every possible care of it? In my opinion we are not.

When I look at the rows of volumes,—many of them well, even hand-

somely, bound,—and know that they stand there, month after month,

exposed to the constant accumulation of London smut, the dirtiest of

all dirt, | feel that we are not taking that care of our books that

I think we could and ought to do. I think all our books should be

protected by glazed doors, and this might be accomplished by a

reasonable, and not a large, outlay; we don’t require carving and

gilding, rich mouldings, or varnished rosewood, but we want, in my

opinion, either our shelves fitted with proper doors, or a set of new,

but plain cases made, in order that our treasures may not be dete-

riorated in value through neglect. When these requirements are

obtained, and the shelves properly lettered or numbered, our Librarian

can so arrange and catalogue the books that at a moment’s notice he

can lay his hand upon any volume that may be required; this I

apprehend is not the case now.

Meetings of the Society.

It is a circumstance upon which we may congratulate ourselves that

our Monthly Meetings are so numerously attended; in this respect

our Society forms a marked contrast to many others ; during the last

year the attendance has quite equalled, if not exceeded, that at any

previous time. A reference to our ‘ Proceedings’ will show that many

valuable short papers have been read that do not appear in our

‘ Transactions ;’ and many valuable suggestions upon economic En-

tomology will be found therein. The numerous exhibitions of rare

species are in themselves of great importance, since they furnish va-

luable data as to first discoveries of species, or, in many cases, of redis-

coveries of species perhaps hitherto deemed foreign interpolations in

to our Fauna. I cannot omit this opportunity of expressing an opinion

as to the ‘Journal of Proceedings,’ and | think I am not the only one

who holds it; I believe that at no previous period of the existence of

this Society were the ‘ Proceedings’ reported in so efficient and com-

prehensive a form. 3

198

The Collections of the late Mr. Curtis.

At the November Meeting of this Society, Prof. Westwood expressed

his regret that the collections of the late Mr. Curtis had gone out of

this country ; I join with him so far as Entomology is concerned, but

when viewed as a source from which some provision might be realized

for his family it is a circumstance for congratulation, since thrice the

sum has been obtained in Australia that could probably have been

expected in this country. I have thought it well that some

notice of the contents of the Curtisian collections should be laid

before you; it is desirable, at different periods, to be able to ascer-

tain what a good collection really consisted of, and, having the

material in hand, I have used it for that purpose. I should observe

that the Curtisian collection contained only short series of examples

of each species; probably if we take four as an average number we

shall arrive at a pretty correct estimate of the number of species it

contained, for I have only a memorandum of the number of speci-

mens, and I only give those of the British insects. The number of

specimens of Coleoptera was 3175, or about 793 species; of Lepi-

doptera, 2400 specimens, about 600 species ; of Hymenoptera, 2571,

about 642 species; of Diptera, 1959, about 489 species; of Neu-

roptera, 388 specimens; of Hemiptera, 558; and of Homoptera 81

specimens.

The Collections of the British Museum.

The national Entomological collections have, at various periods,

been greatly enriched by munificent presentations. Walter Elliott,

Esq., presented a very fine collection of Indian species of different

Orders, their number in all being about 3000. General Hardwick

also presented a very extensive collection, consisting of insects of all

Orders amounting in number to about 2000 specimens. The Rev. D.

Morgan presented the whole of his African collection, made during

a residence of some years at Sierra Leone, about 1800 specimens,

illustrating species of all Orders ; the latter was an exceedingly fine

series of species, a very large number being at that time new to

Science. I must also mention the fine collection of American insects

presented by the late Mr. Edward Doubleday, in all amounting to

1250 specimens.

It becomes my province ine year to record the munificent gift of

Coleopterous insects by John Bowring, Esq. This collection, in

eastern species, probably surpasses in richness any hitherto formed ;

199

it not only contains the accumulation of years made by Mr. Bowring

himself in China, but also large accessions made to it by purchase ;

fine series of the treasures collected by Mr. Wallace, during his

seven years’ labours in the Eastern Archipelago; full series of the

species accumulated by Mr. Fortune in North China; a splendid col-

lection of Coleoptera from Java, and an extensive series of species

from India, collected by Mr. Brettingham. One of the most valuable

and interesting portions of this presentation is undoubtedly the com-

plete private collection of Longicorns purchased of M. Chevrolat: this

collection consists of 10,500 specimens, representing 4590 species. In

this gift is also included the well-known collection of Geodephaga

made by Mr. Tatum, consisting of 5263 specimens. The unrivalled

collection of Curculionide formerly belonging to M. Jekel also con-

stitutes a part of the Bowringian donation: these, and others too nume-

rous to be mentioned here, obtained by purchase, certainly altogether

constitute the most noble and liberal gift of insects to the national

collection ever made; and I should be negligent indeed if [ did not

state that this munificent donation was made by Mr. Bowring unfet-

tered by any conditions.

A fitting record of such a noble gift I feel you will all think

desirable ; this I cannot pretend to offer you; such a memorial must

be worked out by a competent Coleopterist: I must content myself

with stating that the Bowringian collection contains 84,240 specimens,

arranged in three cabinets of forty drawers each, and fourteen cabinets

of twenty drawers each.

Every Entomologist must, I am sure, rejoice in the knowledge that

such a fine collection has become the property of the nation, and that

it is now so freely open for consultation to every Coleopterist.

The proper arrangement of such an enormous addition to the

already matchless collection of the Museum is indeed “ a consumma-

tion devoutly to be wished,” and such a Herculean task would no

doubt be greatly expedited by the aid of Entomologists specially

competent to undertake different portions. You are well aware that

the present staff of officers in the Entomological department of the

_ Museum must necessarily be years at work before any approach to an

arrangement can be looked for. A feeling such as I have indicated

has already shown itself in various ways, but never, in my opinion, in

a way likely to attain so desirable an end. I have read several articles

published in our pericdicals touching upon this subject, but also, I

am sorry to say, containing reflections upon the Museum authorities,

200

which could only arise from a complete ignorance of facts. I am per-

fectly aware of the readiness with which the Trustees have at all

times employed extraneous aid in the various departments. As

regards the Entomological portion of the collections, 1 am ignorant

of a single instance in which the Trustees have not most readily

consented to any proposal offered to their consideration as being

likely to render any portion of the collection more efficient for its

purposes.

The bar to what has been urged as being so highly desirable, in

appointing assistants to the Entomological department, lies in another

direction. Scientific departments require experienced Entomologists,

and cannot at once work well, to which no candidate over twenty-

five years of age can be admitted.

It is an extremely easy task to show that scientific departments

require totally different regulations, but until this is duly impressed

upon those who have the control of such affairs it is quite hopeless to

expect the attainment of the end that every Entomologist must so

earnestly desire.

I must now call your attention to other important and valuable pre-

sentations made to the national collections. The Council of the Lin-

nean Society have placed the valuable Banksian collection in the

British Museum: this liberal gift I am sure you will all duly appre-

ciate, and the opportunity of consulting it will be embraced by many

Kntomologists. In order to facilitate the consultation of the Fabri-

cian types, Dr. Gray has separated these from the mass, which will

prove a great saving of time to the student. The Banksian collection

contains 1598 specimens of Coleoptera, 893 of Lepidoptera, 280 of Hy-

menoptera, 100 of Orthoptera, 199 of Homoptera, 225 of Diptera, 47 of

Neuroptera, and 90 of Hemiptera,—altogether 3432 specimens. Ia

addition to the above, the Linnean Society also presented the entire

series of insects collected by Captain King, described by Messrs.

Curtis and Haliday in the ‘ Transactions’ of that Society.

The presentations made to the national collection by the Entomo-

logical Society have been highly valuable, in an Entomologist’s esti-

mate perhaps the most important. The types of the species of British

bees described by the Rev. W. Kirby have found, I trust, a perma-

ment abiding-place in the Museum: it is much to be regretted that

they were for so many years neglected by the illustrious monographer

as being of little value; but so long as the fragment of a specimen

hangs upon a pin it will be prized as a memento of a noble monograph,

201

that marked one of the most important epochs in the annals of Ento-

mology.

In addition to the above, the types of Kirby’s ‘ Century of Insects,’

and also a large series of types ofeaworth’s ‘ Pepidenicns Britannica,’

have been presented by this Society.

Numerous as are the presentations already mentioned, | have to

include in my report 2171 foreign insects, many of which are new to

Science; amongst them are species presented by Earl Russell from

the Zambezi; others by Captain Speke from central Africa; by Dr.

Livingstone and Dr. Kirk.* Amongst the other donors the names of

Sir John Hearsey, Mr. Haliday, Mr. Moore and Mr. Walker will be

found.

The number of British insects presented is very small, and such

must now be expected to be the case. The collections of British

insects have been greatly increased by purchases during the last ten

years, so that every additional species now presented is sure to be

one of some rarity ; seventy-five have been added during the past

year through the liberality of Messrs. Waterhouse, Sharp, HE. A. Smith,

J.C. Dale, and the Revs. W.’Tylden and Mathews. The gross num-

ber of insects presented during the last year to the national collection

is 86,486 specimens.

HKntomological Publications of 1863.

THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE SOCIETY.

The ‘ Transactions’ of our Society constitute the Entomological

thermometer whereby the state of the Science in this country will be

measured throughout Europe. We have published four Parts during

the past year, and I submit that they may fearlessly challenge the

ordeal I have alluded to; the papers generally are characterized by

great care and research, the new species described being constantly

compared with their nearest allies, and at the same time their specific

differences pointed out. I particularly wish to impress this fact upon

the attention of members, and to express a hope that none of us will

in future neglect so important and necessary an appendage to every

description, when it is possible to give it. The magnitude into which

all families of insects are now expanding renders it a paramount

* Amongst the insects presented by Dr. Kirk is a fine new species of Goliathus ;

this has been described by Mr. George Gray, and named Goliathus Kirkianus ; a figure

will accompany the description when published in the ‘ Transactions’ of the Zoological

Society.

202

duty on the part of every describer to facilitate, in every possible way,

_ the discrimination of his species.

The Parts published are the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth of the

first volume of the Third Series of eur ‘Transactions.’ Part 5 con-

_ tains a paper by the Rev. Hamlet Clark on Haliplide and Hydropo-

ridz, all being eastern Asiatic species, and many of great rarity.

Professor Westwood has contributed the next paper; it is a descrip-

tion of Lucanidz, and is amply illustrated by figures and dissections :

the observations and references appended to the species may serve as

a model to us all of the way in which descriptive papers should be

elucidated. It would be difficult to over-estimate the value of the

paper entitled “‘ A few Remarks on Mr. James Thomson’s Catalogue

of the Lucanide,” by Major Parry. It is well known to many of us

that the Lucanide have been the particular object of the author’s

study for several years past; possessing a splendid collection him-

self, and being well acquainted with the principal collections of

Europe, every remark of his is of the highest authority. The author’s

opinion of Mr. Thomson’s ‘ Catalogue’ we find to be that “the want

of references, as to description and synonymy of the various species,

renders it almost useless :” this is another proof of the necessity of

what I have endeavoured to enforce. The amount of information

contained in this paper is quite a boon to Science.

The sixth Part contains descriptions of some splendid species of

the genus Catascopus by Mr. Saunders, illustrated by two Plates: it

is to be regretted that figures of such beautiful insects should not be

coloured. ‘The other papers contained in this Part are by Mr. Water-

house, Mr. Kirby, Mr. McLachlan, Mr. Hewitson and Mr. Trimen,—

all testifying to the truth of my general remark on the labours of the

year.

Part 7 contains a very elaborate paper by Mr. Pascoe on

Australian Coleoptera: the descriptions are accompanied by a num-

ber of useful observations, and, when possible, the prominent dis-

tinclive differences from allied species are pointed out: two excellent

Plates illustrate this paper. Dr. Stal’s descriptions of exotic He-

miptera complete this, and form the commencement of the following

Part: this latter also contains papers by Mr. Stainton, Mr. Baly and

Prof. Westwood.

203

THE ENTOMOLOGIST’s ANNUAL. “

The ‘ Entomologist’s Annual’ for 1864 contains, in my opinion, a

good half-crown’s worth of information. “ A Journey to Finmark,”

by Dr. Wocke and Dr. Staudinger is full of interesting matter: the

Order Lepidoptera was that to which their attention was particularly

devoted. The Diptera, however, appear to have forced themselves

upon their notice: gnats, we learn, positively interfered with the col-

lecting of Lepidoptera: this we can very well believe; and had Dr.

Staudinger fallen in with them in similar numbers to the Englishman

who wrote his name in a swarm with his stick, the name remaining

visible for some seconds, in such a case we imagine that Diptera alone

would have been attended to by the learned Lepidopterist. Hyme-

noptera, we learn, are plentiful in Finmark, and the Phryganide rich

In species.

My own “ Notes on Hymenoptera” occupy nine pages, but I fear

they contain only one or two bits of information that will be con-

sidered worth recording ; one, remarking upon the almost total disap-

pearance of certain families of aculeate Hymenoptera; another, on

the capture of the male of a species of ant, that sex not being previously

known; and the discovery of a new locality for the rare Didineis

lunicornis. I am happy in being able to give you the opinion of an

esteemed friend on the paper itself—it would perhaps have been an

excellent title—“ A Dirge on Hymenoptera.”

Mr. Rye’s paper on Coleoptera is a valuable record of the dis-

coveries of species new to our Fauna, and of errors in nomenclature :

four new species are very carefully described. Entomologists are

greatly indebted to Mr. Rye for his excellent resumé of the labours

of the past year.

Dr. Knaggs has contributed a valuable paper on new and rare spe-

cies of Lepidoptera. A table is given, which appears to me to be very

excellent, since it gives, in a most concise manner, just the informa-

tion we all desire to obtain relative to local or rare species.

*“ Notes on British Trichoptera,” by Mr. McLachlan, is a paper

full of valuable information, particularly that portion which treats of

the interesting habits of this family. I can fully appreciate the

regret expressed by the author that so few Entomologists pay any

attention to the Phryganide ; were it otherwise, many interesting dis-

coveries would no doubt be made. Let us hail then, with marked

approbation, the announcement of the intention of the author to com-

mence at once a Manual of the British Phryganidz ; and let us hope

204

that the production of this work will prove the means of bringing into

the same field a number of labourers as energetic and accomplished

as the author of the promised Manual. |

The concluding paper, entitled “ Observations on Tineina,” is by

the Editor, Mr. Stainton, whose name is a guarantee for its excel-

lence.

THE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY.

Parts 7, 8 and 9, being the commencement of Vol. ii, have appeared

during the past season: the high character of the Journal is fully

upheld by the papers of Mr. Wallace, Mr. Pascoe, Mr. Baly, Mr.

Wollaston, Mr. McLachlan, Prof. Westwood, the Rev. Hamlet Clark

and Dr. Schaum. 1 would particularly call the attention of the

younger members to some exceedingly valuable advice by Prof.

Westwood, forming an Introduction to a “ Description of a new

Species of Longicorn Beetle :” his words are those of matured expe-

rience; had the author himself had the advantage of such experience

to guide him in his early Entomological years, he would not have

fallen into the error which he now so properly condemns; I am sure

he would be the first to admit this; therefore his advice comes with

double authority.

JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY.

In the ‘Journal of Proceedings of the Linnean Society,’ published

in 1863, are two papers by myself; the first contains descriptions of

new species of Hymenoptera collected by Mr. Wallace in the islands

of Mysol, Ceram, Waigiou and Bouru; the second is entitled

“ Notes on the Geographical Distribution of the Aculeate Hyme-

noptera collected by Mr. Wallace in the Eastern Archipelago.” Mr.

Walker has contributed three papers to the same Journal: these

form part of a Catalogue of Heterocerous Lepidopterous Insects col-

lected by Mr. Wallace at Sarawak, in Borneo: seventy-nine new spe-

cies are described, and eleven new genera established.

ILLUSTRATIONS OF HxoTic ENTOMOLOGY.

Three Parts of Mr. Hewitson’s ‘ Illustrations of Exotic Lepidoptera’

have been published during the past season; forty-two new species

are figured, and five figures are also given of species previously de-

scribed by other authors. This is certainly one of the most beautiful

works on Lepidoptera that has appeared in this country: some of the

species figured are amongst the most lovely of the tribe to which

205

they belong. The subscribers to this work should be numbered by

hundreds instead of tens. I trust the time is approaching when works

like this will yield a profit, instead of entailing a loss on their

projectors.

The only Entomological Catalogues published by the Trustees of

the British Museum during the past year are two of Lepidoptera

Heterocera by Mr. Walker.

THE ZOOoLoGIsT.

The ‘ Zoologist’ for i863 contains a large amount of Entomological

information, and some valuable descriptive papers; amongst the latter

a translation of “Some Remarks on the Species of the Genus Nep-

ticula,” by H. von Heinemann; twenty-eight species are described,

and I notice under each a description of the larva and mention of the

food-plant: these furnish satisfactory assurance of the paper being

written by an Entomologist thoroughly in earnest, and a master of his

subject, — one who indeed has studied a book in which no errors are

to be found. The above paper is immediately followed by one de-

scriptive of sixteen species of Lithosia, by M. Guenée, worked ont in

the same admirable manner: such papers cannot fail to be duly

estimated by all Entomologists,

Hymenopterists are much indebted to Mr. May for his valuable

translations from the Dutch of M. Snellen van Vollenhoven’s papers

“Life-History of Sawflies :” the histories given are those of Emphy-

tus tibialis, Nematus viminalis, Allantus Scrophularie, and Cimbex

Amerinz: the larva is described as well as the perfect insect; in

fact each paper is in truth what it purports to be—the life-history of a

sawfly.

Amongst the captures of rarities, we have another instance to add

to those previously recorded of the occurrence of the beautiful Calo-

soma sycophanta; it was found, recently killed, at the foot of a hill,

one of the Dartmoor range: the captor, Mr. Reading, of Plymouth,

observes : —“ Some Coleopterists do not consider this a British spe-

cies, an opinion I concurred in until I met with it.” I am inclined to

think that many of the species placed by Mr. Crotch in the list of

“reputed British species,” in his ‘ Catalogue,’ recently published,

would be advanced to the British ranks, if discovered under similar

circumstances by that author. Among the “ reputed” species I notice

Anomala Donoyani: if this is not a British species, of what country

is it a native? On many minor points Coleopterists will hold different

206

opinions; some, like myself, will think the removal of the Staphy-

linide to the end of his arrangement is not an improvement; for

I cannot but think there is a close affinity between this family

and the Silphidee ; but I have paid too little attention to, or rather

I should say I have not at any time sufficiently studied, the Order

to render any opinion of my own of much value. Were I to

express an opinion as to what is a species, and what is a variety,

I should differ from Mr. Crotch as regards the species of his first

genus. I certainly consider Cicindela maritima a distinct species

from Cicindela hybrida; and on the first page I could point out two

or three other similar cases; but, as I have previously remarked, these

are minor considerations,—mere matters of opinion. ,

On one point I think all Coleopterists will agree, that we are much

indebted to Mr. Crotch for giving us the result of his studies. A

Coleopterist who has worked with both head and hands, like Mr.

Crotch, who has made himself acquainted with the contents of the

principal cabinets of Kurope, and who has proved his capabilities for

the task he undertook, could not fail to produce a work that should

do honour both to himself and to the Science he cultivates.

Many short notices of specific differences will be found in the

‘ Zoologist’ for the past year, and I select one as an example of the

facility with which we are enabled to distinguish species very closely

resembling each other. In some notes on Philonthus temporalis Mr.

Rye gives three outlines which at once enable us to separate Philon-

thus temporalis, P. punctiventris and P. zneus,—species strongly

resembling each other. I mention this as an example most worthy

of being followed: a few strokes of the pencil will frequently effect

more than half a page of description; and any method that will faci- °

litate the discrimination of species with ease and facility, is a boon

to Entomologists.

The present volume contains five contributions from Mr. Arthur

Adams. I would warn Entomologists not to allow themselves to be

misled by this author: he frequently gives the most delusive titles to

his papers. The first he calls “ Rambles in search of Land Shells :”

those who have little or no interest in land shells would be apt at

once to turn on to the next article; but I have found Mr. Adams on

these rambles so alive to everything that surrounds his path, that I

never allow myself to trust to his titles. If you accompany Mr.

Adams in search of his land shells, you soon discover huge cock-

roaches gathering their young around them as a hen gathers her

chickens ; Opatrums are found on barren spots, and blue, brown, and

207

yellow butterflies: he tells you the various species of plants that each

frequents, and amongst these he says are legions of long-shanked

grasshoppers: this ramble was at Rio. At the same place is a light-

house, on a small islet, furnished with a revolving light, and, attracted

by the brilliancy of the polished reflectors, thousands of winged insects

come tapping against the glass all night long. Cicindelide are cap-

tured, Hemiptera of extravagant shapes are seen reposing on the

green leaves, giant spiders, Juli, centipedes and Polydesmi are found

amongst magnificent aloes with flowering stems from twenty to thirty

feet high. A little further on, under dead leaves, a fine Carabus was

found, and, on emerging from a sunken path into the merry sunshine,

species of Apoderus, Hispa and Cassida were seen alighting on the

sun-lit leaves. Mr. Adams is a sort of entomological pre-Raphaelite,

every object in the landscape is given with such faithful minuteness.

When in China, he landed on Dane’s Island, in the Pearl River: the

account he gives of the habits of ants is very interesting; one species

builds a large nest by bending down, and attaching together the

leaves of trees; this is effected by piercing the edge of the leaves

with their large sharp jaws, a viscid liquor exudes, which immediately

hardens and cements the leaves together. Another species excavates

cylindrical holes in the ground; these are entered by an elevated

tubular shaft, formed of agglutinated grains of sand, probably exactly

similar to the entrance-tube constructed by a British species of wasp

—Odynerus spinipes. A third species of ant jumps about the path-

ways like the jumping spider (Saltica) ; this ant has long jaws, like a

pair of forceps turned up at the end; it is the Drepanognathus vena-

tor of my ‘ Catalogue.’

In all branches of Natural History there are certain species inde-

libly connected with some cherished history of childhood,—some that

no doubt have been so united for centuries past: these we care not to

separate, even though stubborn facts would ruthlessly dispel our long-

dreamt dream; thus the robin covered the Children in the Wood

“ painfully with leaves ;” the wolf glared on Little Red Riding Hood;

and amongst insects, does not the glow-worm trim her lover’s lamp,

and does not the lantern fly, like a wandering star, flit before us in

the forests of South America? Any matter-of-fact person who ven-

tures to explode any of our popular beliefs meets with a cold recep-

tion; therefore, on looking over the July number of the ‘ Zoologist,’

and meeting with an article headed “ The Lanthorn of Fulgora Later-

naria,” in which Mr. Robert John Treffry, of New Granada, says, “I

cannot tell why it is called the ‘lanthorn fly,’ for it gives no light,”

208

in being able to answer his question by replying, “ Because other

people have been more fortunate than yourself, and have seen its

beautiful luminosity.” Had I possessed no further knowledge of the

subject than Mr. Treffry, what had I thought of the following ? —

“The so-called lanthorn appears to answer as a drum to reverberate

its hum, and as a‘ buffer’ to protect it, when in its rapid flight it

strikes against an obstacle, as it is elastic and horny. ..... I think

its use is what I have stated—an instrument of sound and a ‘ buffer.’ ”

J am expected to believe that the lamp of the winged torch-bearer is

no more than this. No! do not believe in any such degrading fact.

I will bring evidence before you of such weight as to settle the ques-

tion of the luminosity of the lantern fly, and restore it to its legitimate

position in your minds as a light-bearing insect.

At a Meeting of the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh, held

November 24th, 1858, a specimen of the lantern fly (Fulgora Later-

narta) was exhibited by Dr. J. A. Smith, who observed that it was

still an undecided question amongst naturalists whether these flies

were really at any time luminous or not. It was therefore of import-

ance that the undoubted evidence of eye-witnesses should be pro-

duced. Mr. Banks, of Prestonpans, who forwarded the Fulgora to

Dr. Smith, was therefore at once requested to obtain further informa-

tion from his correspondents on that particular point.

On the 27th of April, 1859, at a subsequent Meeting of the same

Society, Mr. James Banks communicated, through Dr. Smith, the

reply of his correspondent at Honduras to the question raised at

the Society. Mr. Banks had received various letters upon the sub-

ject. of the luminosity of Fulgora Laternaria: they all bore testimony

to the truth of the statement of this fly really emitting a light.

One from Mr. Alexander Henderson, of Belize, furnished the fol-

lowing details :—“ In answer to the question, ‘Is it really luminous ?”

certainly the fly possesses light, and therefore emits it. The light is

evidently under control, for it increases and diminishes at pleasure.

When the wings are closed there are three luminous spots on each

side of the head-part, on the upper part (like a cat’s staring eyes) of a

beautiful sulphur-coloured light, in rays that spread over the room.

The third luminous spot is seen when the fly is on its back, half-way

down the abdominal part of the insect. When quiescent the lumina-

tion is least ; in daylight the upper spots are nearly white, emitting no

light whatever (its lively time is at twilight). Immediately on being

agitated, or moving about, the spots become sulphur colour, and radi-

ate forth streams of light, clearly seen, although the sun be shining

209

into the room, as it now does at the moment I write, with the creature

in the glass tumbler before me. We shut out the light, and to test

the power of the fly I took up a book and read two verses of the 109th

Psalm. Mr. Robert Gregg also took up a book and read by its light.

I hope this will satisfy all that the lantern fly is luminous.”

In the ‘ History of the West Indies, by R. M. Martin, 1837, vol. ii.

page 104, being vol. v. of the “ British Colonial Library,” is a state-

ment fully corroborating the truth of the lantern fly being luminous.

The question must, I think, now be considered as settled; and this,

T hope, wipes away the last stain cast upon the fair fame of Madame

Merian: romance, as it has hitherto been considered by many, be-

comes plain reality.

All naturalists of experience have no doubt long ago ascertained

the truth of the observation that Nature only reveals herself at inter-

vals, and in some cases only to favoured votaries. The luminosity of

Fulgora candelaria, so common a species in China, has never been

observed by Mr. John Bowring, or by others with whom I have con-

versed on the subject; but some years ago I had a box of Chinese

insects before me, when, of two sailors who stood by, one exclaimed

to the other, pointing to the Fulgora, “See here, Tom, here’s one

of the flying candles that we used to catch in our hats along shore

at night in China.” I had not drawn their attention to the insect, or

mentioned the circumstance of the insects coming from China. Count

Christian Yedlety d’Enzenberg, an officer in the Austrian service,

informed me that he had seen them shining with great brilliancy at

night, and that the luminosity flashed out at intervals, like a revolving

light.

Altogether the volume of the ‘ Zoologist’ for 1863 fully sustains its

character as the leading journal for the record of facts and anecdotes

relating to all classes of animals. :

THE NATURALIST ON THE AMAZONS.

The most important contribution to Entomology in this country,

made during the past season, is doubtless to be found in the pages of

‘The Naturalist on the River Amazons: he who has read that book

once, will, if he has a true perception of the beautiful in nature, recur

to it again and again; he who has not has a great treat to come. ~

The title of the work well indicates the character of the contents:

we feel how truly Mr. Bates remarks at the very commencement,

“Tt was with deep interest that my companion and myself, both now

about to see and examine a tropical country, gazed on the land where

210

I at least eventually spent eleven of the best years of my life.” We

are almost selfish enough to wish that the author were destined to give

us the results of another sojourn in some equally interesting locality ;

but he has returned, and is among us, and, for more than our own

sakes, we cannot and do not really wish to part with him.

But let us accompany the naturalist on his first walk into the

forest, and what are the sounds that break upon our ears? “The

whirring of the Cicadas, the stridulation of the crickets and grasshop-

pers, the plaintive hooting of the tree frogs—all blended. together in

one continuous ringing sound” during the brief twilight; these are,

in the words of the naturalist, “the audible expression of the teeming

profusion of nature.” Entomology, it is true, is only one of the

charms of the book, but it is on that portion that I purpose to make

a few remarks, and from which I shall make a few extracts.

The majority of Entomologists I imagine, have always, like myself,

regarded Brazil as the country in which insects attain the largest size

and greatest beauty ; we have thought so because we considered that

its physical conditions were adapted for their production, and that it

was, in the words of Mr. Bates, “a glorious country, and the climate

one of the most enjoyable on the face of the earth,” and, being such,

we believed its climatal conditions to be the cause.

Mr. Bates thinks this notion an incorrect one, and he invites us to

compare members of those genera that are common to Northern Eu-

rope and Equinoctial America, and to ascertain which climate pro-

duces the largest and most beautifully coloured species ; by so doing

we should see the supposed effects of climate on nearly-allied conge-

ners, that is, creatures very similarly organised. The genus Cicindela

is quoted as an instance; the genus is common to both regions, and

about the same number of species are found in each; but the Ama-

zonian species are much smaller in size and more obscure in colour,

none being equal to the European Cicindela campestris. Again, of

eight genera of butterflies, only three are represented by handsomer

species in Amazonia than in Northern Europe. ‘These positions are

no doubt perfectly true, and no doubt there is a very large number of

dull-coloured species in tropical countries; but I do not find my

dreams entirely dispelled: I see the Megacephale of dazzling bril-

liancy ; I see fossorial Hymenoptera of unrivalled size and beauty ;

and then I call to mind the host of glorious butterflies that live alone

in such paradisean regions as the forests and banks of the Amazons.

Mr. Bates soon introduces us to the Formicide, for ants we are told

Were everywhere ; ants an inch and a quarter in length, marching in

21]

single file, which might well create amazement. The naturalist soon

settles down to the investigation of the habits of some of the more

interesting species, and we have a history of the Saiiba ant (@codoma

cephalotes) given with a minuteness of detail, and at the same time in

such graphic language as the naturalist alone can pen, who, with un-

tiring zeal, patience and perseverance, has watched for those moments

when Nature deigns to uplift the veil to her votaries.

The Saiiba ant is a great scourge to the Brazilians, in some districts

we are told rendering agriculture almost impossible: this ant defoli-

ates trees, and sometimes does great injury to orange and coffee

plantations. Mr. Bates appears to have been the first to make known

the use to which the leaves are applied; after much time spent in the

investigation he discovered that they were used to thatch the domes

which cover the entrances to their subterranean dwelling: these

domes, or outworks, are sometimes forty yards in circumference, but

not more than two in height; they are composed of agglomerated

sand, having numerous entrances all leading to the main gallery or

mine; the tunnels are occasionally very extensive, running under

rivers as wide as the Thames at London Bridge. The Saiiba, at

times, enters dwellings and stores, committing serious depredation ;

were it not that at the time of the swarming of these ants they are

preyed upon by animals and insectivorous birds, they would soon

become a devastating scourge.

Let us now accompany the naturalist into the forest, to a part of

which we are told that “ description can convey no adequate idea:” we

are desired to imagine “a vegetation, like that of the great Palm House

at Kew, spread over a large tract of swampy ground, but mingled with

large exogenous trees, similar to our oaks, covered with creepers and

parasites ; the ground encumbered with rotting trunks, branches and

leaves; the whole illumined by a glowing vertical sun, and reeking

with moisture.” Can any Entomologist picture to himself a more

glorious locality? Yet even this, we are told, fails to do it justice.

What does the naturalist find in such a locality as this? First, the

splendid Morpho Achilles, a large glossy blue-and-black butterfly, six

inches in the expanse of its wings; then comes Papilio Sesostris, clad

in velvet-black, relieved by a large silken green patch on its wings;

and in his train follow the lovely P. Auneas, P. Vertumnus and P.

Lysander: no one will dispute the truth of the remark, “ Such places

are paradises to a naturalist.” All this beauty is to be sought for in

the shade of the swampy forest, and we are tempted to ask, Why is it

212

hidden there? Hear the observation of the naturalist :—“ I think it

a childish notion that the beauty of birds, insects and other creatures

is given to please the human eye; surely such rich plumage and song,

like the other endowments of species, are given them for their own

pleasure and advantage.” This, if true, ought to enlarge our ideas of

the inner life and mutual relations of our humble fellow creatures.

In the neighbourhood of Para, Mr. Bates found 700 species of but-

terflies, many of the miost showy kinds being seen flying about the

streets and gardens; but the more splendid metallic-blue Morphos

are confined to the shade of the forest; Morpho Rhetenor, whose

wings are of a dazzling lustre, is an almost unattainable prize on

account of its lofty flight, rarely descending within twenty feet of the

ground; when sailing along, and occasionally flapping its wings, the

blue surface flashes in the sunlight with a brilliancy distinctly visible

a quarter of a mile off. One species, Hetaira Esmeralda, having clear

wings, with a single opaque spot of a violet and rosy hue, flies over

‘dead leaves in gloomy shades, and resembles, says the naturalist,

“ the wandering petal of a flower.” :

Insects of other Orders—dragonflies for imstance—are almost

equally conspicuous with the butterflies; about 100 species occur

near Para; some frequent open sunny places; others live in the

darkest shades of the forest, the latter being the most beautiful.

Chalcopteryx rutilans is pre-eminently beautiful; its anterior wings

are quite clear and transparent, whilst the hind pair are of a dark

colour, glittering with a violet and golden refulgence ; but beautiful

as many of these insects are, they are pronounced to be the pest of

the Lepidopterist, since they wage unceasing war with all day-flying

insects.

Many of the Arachnida would doubtless be pronounced hideous

monsters by the majority of persons; but their history is deeply

interesting, and their usefulness in the economy of nature commands

the admiration of the naturalist. In the Amazonian forest is found

that monstrous spider, Mygale Blondii, five inches in expanse; and

others extend to full halfa foot. Some species live, we are told,

under the tiles or thatch of houses, constructing dens of a closely-

woven web, resembling fine muslin ; sometimes they are seen crawling

on the walls of apartments ; others build similar retreats in trees, and —

attack birds; whilst some excavate tunnels two feet deep, lining them

beautifully with silk: such species are said to be nocturnal. Mr.

Bates has recorded his observation of Mygale avicularia preying upon

213

a species of finch; thus confirming the record of Madame Merian,

which had long been considered by many a traveller’s romance.

Hvery collection of insects becomes of tenfold interest when we are

made acquainted with the natural history of the species; all therefore

who possessed a series from the collections of Mr. Bates, found, like

myself, an additional value given to their treasures when they met

with the history of their economy detailed in the pages of the ‘ Natu-

ralist.” The Coleopterist found that the genera Coptodera, Goniotro-

pis, Morio, &c., are found under the bark of trees, and that Calleida,

are arboreal insects, running over logs, branches and leaves. Of

the Histeridze we learn that one group is found in the moist interior

of palm-stems ; another, a very flat kind,—Hololepte,—lives under

the bark of trees; a third group, cylindrical in shape, drills holes into

solid wood; they look like tiny animated gimlets at work, their

pointed heads being fixed in the wood, whilst their smooth glossy

bodies work rapidly round, and drive little streams of saw-dust from

the holes: does not this description give an additional interest to the

carpenters of the genus Trypaneus ?

As might be expected from so accurate an observer, we find a vast

amount of most interesting information relative to the habits of the

Hymenoptera; but I must not trespass too much upon your time, and,

tempting as the subject undoubtedly is, I shall content myself with

one or two extracts. The proceedings of a species of Bembex is most

graphically described; this is a solitary species of sand-wasp, as large

as a hornet; they burrow in the sand with wonderful rapidity, throw-

ing out beneath their bodies a continuous stream: when the tunnel is

completed they seek out a particular species of fly, called Motiica, a

bloodthirsty insect, and by so doing they become good friends to

travellers. An immense amount of information relative to the histories

of wasps and bees is scattered throughout the pages of the ‘ Naturalist ;’

particulars respecting the different modes of constructing their nests,

and of the materials used by the various species; their parasites are

also noticed: at one locality, Villa Nova, not less than 140 species

were captured.

J am sorely tempted to quote a portion of a most interesting chap-

ter on the white ants, but to most of you it would be a twice-told tale;

I shall content myself by earnestly advising every one who has not

read that chapter to lose no time in doing so. Of ants proper, mem-

bers of the family of true Formicidae, many highly interesting parti-

culars are recorded. Ants are said to be everywhere and at all times,

214

upon everything, in everything, and not unfrequently a positive tor-

ment in more ways than one. A species of Myrmica,—M. sevissima,—

called by the natives the “ fire-ant,” is said to be the scourge of the

river T'apajos, proving quite as cruel a torment as sand-flies or mos-

quitoes ; it is found on all sandy soils in open places; it is a small,

shining, red species ; its sting is so painful that it is compared to the

puncture of a red-hot needle; and so great is its annoyance in houses,

where it becomes numerous, that the inmates are compelled to quit

them ; sometimes whole villages are deserted in consequence; clothing

they destroy for the sake of the starch, and every article of food is de-

voured by them in houses where they take up their abode; Mr. Bates

even thought that out of sheer malice they attacked him; for, when

at a distance from their nests, the moment one of these ants touched

his flesh it stung him violently. In-doors he was obliged to sit on

chairs the legs of which were smeared with a kind of balsam very ob-

noxious to them, and on retiring to his hammock the cords that sus-

pended it were anointed with the same balsam. Were it not that at

the end of the rainy season large swarms of them perish by being

blown by squalls into the river, many places would be impenetrable

through the presence of this little member of the Formicide.

Ega is mentioned as one of the richest of insect localities; there

Mr. Bates captured 7000 species; about 140 of these were bees,

respecting whose history and economy ample details are given; in

fact one of the striking peculiarities of this work is, that scarcely a

species is alluded to without some trait of its history accompanying

its name, showing how carefully every observation was registered.

At Ega 550 species of butterflies occurred, of which we are told that

“‘no description can convey an adequate notion of their beauty, and

diversity in form and colour.”

Ants, as I have before remarked, come in for a due share of atten-

tion, and I would particularly call your attention to the fifth chapter

of the second volume, where will be found a most wonderful history

of some species of the genus Eciton, a set of foraging ants, with stir-

ring accounts of the marches of their vast armies, and of their preda-

tory attacks on communities of their more peaceful brethren. On one

occasion an army of Eciton legionis was observed excavating mines

in an inclined bank of light earth, whence, from a depth of eight or

ten inches, they were dragging the bodies of a bulky species of For-

mica; some were assisting their comrades to drag out the ants, whilst

others were engaged in tearing their bodies in pieces, one ant being

215

too great a load for a single Eciton; the triumphant march of the

army back to their own dwelling follows. The lives of these warrior

ants are not all spent either in marauding expeditions, or in the

labours of their formicarium ; they were frequently observed in some

sunny nook of the forest, leisurely strolling about, apparently finding

much enjoyment in doing the lazy; some individuals reciprocally

brushing and cleaning each other’s antenne ; another lazy fellow,

stretched at full length, pushing forth first one leg and then another

towards a companion engaged in washing those members, by passing

them between his jaws and tongue, finishing his friendly offices by a

gentle wipe of his antenne.

Well may the naturalist observe, “It was a curious spectacle, and

one well calculated to increase one’s amazement at the similarity be-

tween the instinctive actions of ants and the acts of rational beings,

a similarity which must have been brought about by two different

processes of development of the primary qualities of Mind: the

actions of these ants looked like simple indulgence in idle amuse-

ment.”

I must refrain from further extracts. I have shown you that the

beauties of the insect world are pourtrayed by the hand of a master,

and how much the true science of Entomology teems in every chapter.

I have quoted more than enough to establish the observation with

which I started, namely, that this work is the most infportant contri-

bution to Entomology made during the past year ; and I can assure

you that on arriving at the conclusion of the last chapter I felt as if,

in the language of the author on quitting Brazil, I was taking “a last

view of the glorious old forest :” the spell by which I had been bound

was suddenly broken. Well, then, on the 2nd of June, 1859, might

the naturalist cast a lingering gaze upon the land for which he had so

much love, and to explore which he had devoted so many ygars; well

might it prove the saddest hour to him when he passed out of sight

of that land, which he has fittingly called the Naturalist’s Paradise.

Gentlemen, I have to thank you for your kind attention to the

observations I have had the honour of making from this chair; and,

as I quit it this evening, I embrace this opportunity of offering you

my most sincere acknowledgment of the never-failing kind support

which you have on all occasions afforded me. It would be impossible

for me to characterize my term of office as one of unalloyed pleasure ;

it has been far otherwise; it has, however, been my endeavour to

cherish on all occasions that good feeling amongst us which is the

216

surest bond of union, and the best safeguard against disunion in our

ranks; in this I trust I have not altogether failed. If I have dis-

charged the duties of my official position in a manner that merits

your approbation, it is what I have aimed at, and I am amply

repaid.

To paid arrears for 1862:—Rent to Christmas..............L£11 &

217

Abstract of the Treasurer’s Accounts for 1863.

RECEIPTS.

By Balance in hand January Ist, 1863 .....cccccescescecesssesseeeecersecsers 20

AGED C1 SULSEMPDINTWS concns ssc0ado0acooGHaso nconSSUnGaEHoONDesoRooocoss LY)

Subscriptions for 1863 Oo: sp bdo dad cododapbabeducucodszaagcsonencncgy WO

A\GITMESIOW INGES coc cooccaccansodooancdch UodoooUGODOSHONCUG OBE soOOGOcdoORODadeKa— LfS)

(COMMDCSINOM scansooodace coo obob00nNGODOCOC ooNCHO GOD bBoOSonoconobBOcdOdOHSo00D NH

Tea Subscriptions .........+ S006 ood dgdnoS ode HUG InBcooHoodooecaKoncoGKGD

Sale ot Tannen rong A Rois, Fa COS IAC OCO UCI BREDRS Hoenn vunaea ye) (0)

% A, IMAGENS Gosoncocnosneooddooso = Se) WIL Ib

One Year’s Dividend on £109 14s. Consols ....sssscsseccssonsssccsees OO

Sale of Cabinets and Insects at Auction ........00.... £77 9 6

»» type-specimens to British Museum............ 380 0 O

» Cabinet to Mr. Janson .......ccccccecssccsscceers 20 0 0

Donation from W. W. Saunders, Esq., towards printing Index of 10

the Second Series of ‘ Transactions’ wai

5 from J. W. Dunning, the amount paid by hi ian n during p

the year for postage, stationery, &C. .......00008 ae

£391

PAYMENTS.

Wates for Platess-csceseeesssas oO Le

Partridge, for Book-shelves ... 4 18

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James, for Plates. eaises as 1 10

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£391

0 9

218

Tnabilities and Assets of the Society.

Tnabilities. Assets.

Sunde Gers ds

Rent to Christmas ............ leo O Arrears of Subscriptions :-— } is 18 0

Robinson, for Engraving ... 4 14 6 good,—(say)

Newman, for Proceedings, &c. 3 9 6 Ditto, doubtful, £29 12s. Od.

(CHS) Cabana dansndoodeonosonne \GEN)) SO Mke/ 9G Balance in hand ......... 41 0 38

Roworths’, for‘ Transactions’ 15 0 0 Ana

£59 18 3

Less amount due at Xmas. 35 6 6

£35 6 6

lee Balancein Cash... £24 11 9

And in Consols...........5 £109 14 O

219

GENERAL INDEX.

Norr.—Where the name only of an Insect is mentioned, the description of the

Insect will be found at the page referred to.

The Arabic figures refer to the pages of the Transactions ; the Roman Numerals to

the pages of the Journal of Proceedings.

PAGE PAGE

GENERAL SUBJECTSe.o...-.-++-++- 219 | HyMENOPTERA.....- nico cobaoc Pov

PAUP THRRYACS ta oites ctiorcn sclera elevelolane oiavels 222 LEPIDOPTERA .-00cccece ce coon CEB

ARACH NID Ais 6,75) oe) slelsieisie) esi sisiels 222 | NEUROPTERA ....c. dcoune od on. eae

COLEOPTERA ++. cee. coco co0s PAY || ORBIGETDON cosocooo sococooc Payk

IDEA codoodcavcccd0 cn o000 Bart) || SrimimagerIwy coocoauscod0cco PL!

[SiON 66 Gq 00G000 00000000 234

GENERAL SUBJECTS.

Alterations in the Bye-Laws, ciii, cxci.

Anniversary Address of the President, 28 January, 1862..xxxvi.

26 do. 18638..cxx.

25 do. 1864..cxcvi.

Ants in houses, remedies suggested, clxxi.

Arrested development, instance of, in Colias Hyale, cxxxvi.

in Papilio Pammon, cxiv.

Asiatic silk-producing moths, 313.

Australia, journey of exploration across, cxliv, elvii, elxiv, elxvii.

Banks’, Sir Joseph, collection presented to the British Museum, cc.

Bashikouay ant of Equatorial Africa, 470.

Bees and the art of queen-making, xxxii.

“« Bibliotheca Entomologica,’’ cxlviii.

Bowring’s, Mr., collection of Coleoptera presented to British Museum, cxeviii.

Breeding insects in winter, and naturalizing exotic species, note on, clxv.

varieties of Lepidoptera, xxxii.

Breeding-cage of improved construction, x.

British Museum, appointment of successor to Mr. Adam White, clxiii.

Entomological donations to, cxcviii, cc, cci.

Entomology and the, cl xiii.

Bye-Laws, alteration of, cili, exci.

Canary Islands, Euphorbia-infesting Coleoptera of, 136.

VOL. I. THIRD SERIES, PART IX.—MAaARCH, 1864. AA

220

GENERAL SUBJECTS—continued.

Celery attacked by Tephritis Onopordinis, cii.

Collection of British insects, disposal of the Society’s, clvili, clxii.

Collodion-plate, attacked by Blatta orientalis, Ixxxii,

Currant saw-fly, ravages of, xc, cli.

Curtis’s Collections of British Insects, contents of, cxcviii.

MS. Entomological Journal, clxxvii.

Development of insects, influence of periodicity and temperature upon, 63.

instances of arrested, cxiv, Cxxxvi.

of queen-bee from worker-egg, xxvill.

Dimorphism in insects, xxi, Ixxu, Jaxvi, elxvin.

Du Chaillu’s Account of the Ants of Equatorial Africa, remarks on, 470.

Entomological Journal of the late Mr. Curtis, clxxvii.

Society of Norwich in 1810, elxxvii.

Entomology and the British Museum, clxiii.

Ewphorbia-infesting Coleoptera of the Canaries, 136.

Fungi parasitic on insects, clxxil.

Galls, notes on, Ixxxvii, cxiv.

Geographical distribution of European Rhopalocera, 481.

German naturalists, meeting at Stettin, entomological proceedings at, clxxu.

Ginger-root, injury to, by larva of Lasioderma testaceum, xxviil.

Gooseberry-grub, ravages of, xc, cil.

Haworth’s type-specimens presented to the British Museum, cci.

Hermaphrodite Anthocharis Cardamines, cl.

Apis mellifica, Ixxxix, cl, clix.

Liparis dispar, |xx, Ixxvii.

Papilio Castor, ¢1xi.

Machaon, cl.

Saturnia Carpini, xi.

Hermaphroditism, a new phase of; a gynandromorphous limb, elxi.

Honey secreted by ants, 1xxxii.

Honorary members, election of, cxliii.

Horns, as to the function of, clxviii.

Hour of the Society's meetings, alteration of, xxx.

Hybrid between Phigalia pilosaria and Nyssia hispidaria, ili.

Polyommatus igon and P. Aleais, xviii.

Insects covered with pollen-masses, xxi, xc.

Insects injurious to celery, cii.

currant: trees, xe, Cil.

elms, elxi.

‘ginger-root, xxviii.

lime trees, Ixvilii.

macaroni, xxviii.

mangold-wurzel, xv.

oaks, Ixvii.

orchids, clxxvii.

palm-nuts, clxxi.

turnips, xcviii, elxx.

221

GENERAL SUBJECTS—continued.

Insects injurious to Veronica Chamedrys, clxi.

walnut-trees, clx.

International Exhibition of 1862, Entomological exhibitions, Ixxxiil.

Kirby’s, Rev. W., type-specimens presented to the British Museum, cc.

Larva ejected from the nostrils by sneezing, viii.

Larve, mode of preserving, clxviii, clxix.

of Lepidoptera, notes on collecting, elxxxvi.

of Tineina, characters of leaf-mining, 604.

Leaf-mining larve of Tineina, characters of, 604, clxv.

Macaroni, injury to, by the rice-weevil, xxviii.

Mangold-wurzel attacked by Dipterous larvz, xv.

“* Manna” from Australia, civ.

Tasmania, cxxxv.

Marlborough College, Entomological prizes at, clxi.

Mimetic resemblances in nature, note on, cxlvii.

Modification of species by change of food, xv, xvi.

Mouhot (M. Henri), death of, Ixxxix.

Mounting small Coleoptera, new plan of, Ixxxix.

Lepidoptera, new plan of, }xvii.

Names in Entomology, on the restoration of obsolete, 323, 328.

Nest of gregarious Lepidopterous larve, cxiv.

Nomenclature in Entomology, observations upon, 323, 328, 656, Ixxv, KCVINle

Norwich Entomological Society, proceedings of, in 1810, clxxvii.

Obituary, John Curtis, exvii, exxii.

Rev. F. W. Hope, exvit.

Henri Mouhot, Ixxxix.

John Walton, cxxv.

Officers, election of, for 1862..xxxv.

for 1863..cxv.

for 1864. .cxcii.

Orchids destroyed by a Bryocoris, clxxvii. |

Parasites in nest of Anthidium, xxxi.

ants, vii, cxliv.

Apis Ligustica, xiv, cl.

Bombus sylvestris, xxiii.

Polybia scutellaris, xxix.

Trigona carbonaria, clxxi.

wasps, ii, xxili, lxxvil.

on Aspatherium picicorne, clxx.

bees, xiv, Xxx!.

Limnephilus marmoratus, evi.

man, Xvilil, xix.

Trichiosoma lucorum, |xxxvil.

Parthenogenesis in bees, note on, clix.

Peat, as a substitute for cork in Entomological boxes, xxx1.

Periodicity, influence of, upon development of insects, 63.

Philadelphia, note on the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of, clni.

AA 2

222

GENERAL SUBJECTS—continued.

Photographic nitrate-of-silver bath, Acari discovered in, Ixxxvii.

Photographs of members, collection of, exlviii.

Photography, application of, to Entomology, xxxi, Ixxxvil, Ixxxix, clxi, cixxix.

Pollen magses, insects covered with, xxi, xc.

Pseudogynous specimen of Liparis dispar, xx, xxvii.

Remarks on the supposed influence of the food of the larve in causing variation in

Lepidoptera, xv.

Report of the Council, 28th January, 1862..1viil.

- 26th January, 1863. -cxvil.

25th January, 1864..cxcill.

‘* Rhopalocera Africe Australis,” publication of, xiv, xxx.

Silene nutans, gall-like swellings of the stems of, xiv.

Silk-producing moths of Asia, 313.

note on, clxxii.

Silken web spun by larve, clxii, clxiv, clxxv.

Swimming in water by means of wings, a Hymenopterous insect, XCili.

Temperature, influence of, upon development of insects, 63.

‘« Transactions,” price of, to members, Ixv.

Treasurer's accounts, abstract for 1861..lix.

for 1862..cxxxiil.

for 1863..ccxvil.

Turnips, attacked by Aphides (?), xcviil.

Turnip-roots destroyed by Agrotis segetum, clxx.

Varieties of insects, notes on, Ixxii, Ilxxxiv.

Lepidoptera, on the breeding of, xxxii.

v. Hybrids, Ixxxiv.

Verdigris on pins, prevention of, Ixxxix.

Viviparous moth, discovery of a, clii.

Wasp on the wing in December, clxxxii.

White-Ants, ravages of, and modes of prevention, clxxxv. .

Wings, a Hymenopterous insect swimming by means of its, xcili.

APTERA.

Acarus domesticus, found in a photographie bath of nitrate-of-silver, lxxxvii.

ARACHNIDA.

Mygale avicularia, preying upon a species of finch, ccxii.

COLEOPTERA.

Abryna cenosu, note on, 628.

eximia, varieties of, 629.

Jausta, note on, 628.

Newmanni, 631.

notha, note on, 632.

Semperi, 630.

Acronia, characters of, 632.

perelegans, 633.

223

COLEOPTERA—continued.

Adorium Bowringti, 623.

igus platyodon, cxii.

? trilobatus, cxiil.

fEsernia magnifica, 618.

regalis, 618,

Aglycyderes, characters of, clxxix.

setifer, clxxix.

Aleochara inconspicua (?), new to Britain, cxliil.

meerens, new to Britain, Ixi.

Anobium denticolle, supposed capture near London, v.

Aphanarthrum, note on, 165.

affine, 170.

armatum, 167.

bicinctum, 169.

bicolor, 169.

Canariense, 168.

glabrum, 171.

Jube, 167.

luridum, 166.

piscatorium, 171.

pusillum, 172. ;

Aphneope, characters of, 567.

sericata, 568.

Aplosonyx elongata, 624.

Aspidomorpha Santeé-Crucis, note on, xii, Xvili.

Atelicus, characters of, 228.

ferrugineus, 230.

note on, XXVi, XXVil.

inequalis, 229.

note on, Xxvi.

Atimura, characters of, 548.

terminata, 548.

Australica interrupto-fasciata, 629.

transversa, 621.

variabilis, 622.

Waterhousii, 620.

Bembidium Mannerheimii, uote on, cxlviii.

nigricorne, notes on, Ixvii.

Blabinotus, notes on, 178, Ixxxvill.

albidus, 180.

annulicornis, 179.

pilusus, 181.

Blaps lethifera, notes on, clxxviii.

Boletobius castaneus, note on, exlil.

Brachopsis nupera, 565.

Brachypeplus auritus, parasitic in nest of Trigona curbonaria, clxxi.

Brachytria centralis, 564.

224

COLEOPTERA — continued.

Bryaxis Helferi, note on, iv.

Lefebvrei, captured in England, Ixix.

note on, Vv.

simplex, 135.

note on, v.

Buprestide, proposed new genus of, xxix.

Culvidium asemoides, 563.

eburatum, 563.

Calosoma Curtisii, notes on, clxxxii.

Cantharolethrus, note on, 446,

Georgius, note on, 446.

Carabus auratus, captured in England, clix.

Caryoborus cardo, immense destruction of palm-nuts by, elxxi.

Casapus, characters of, 194.

alticolu, 198.

Bonvouloirii, 196.

dilaticollis, 197.

radiosus, 199.

. subcalvus, 200.

Catascopus, on the species of the Malay Peninsular and East Indian Isles, 455.

eneus, 467.

amenus, note on, 468.

Aruensis, 458.

brachypterus, note on, 468.

elongatus, 466.

Jfacialis, note on, 468.

levigatus, 458.

levipennis, 465.

oxygonus, note on, 468.

punctipennis, 464.

rugicollis, 464.

Schaumii, 457.

splendidus, 459.

versicolor, 463.

Wallacei, 462.

Cuulonomus, characters of, 147.

rhyxophagoides, 149.

Cephaloncus, characters of, clxxviil.

capito, clxxviil.

Cerambyx nubilus, 558.

Cerapterus Kirbii, clxxxix.

Ceratognathus cornutus, note on, 451.

Helotoides, notes on, 437, 452.

2 mentiferus, 434.

punctatissimus, 433.

Ceuthorhynchus biguttatus and C. raphaelensis, identical, lxxviii.

imornatus, xiii.

225

COLEOPTERA—continued.

Ceuthorhynchus sulcicollis, note on, xil.

uliginosus, note on, xxiv.

Chalcolampra 10-pustulatu, 619.

Chiasoguathus Mniszechii, note on, 444.

Reichii, note on, 444.

Chrysomela Adonidis, note on, 26.

énea, notes on, 19, 27.

Alni, notes on, 19, 28.

armorace@, notes on, 20, 27.

Asparagi, notes on, 26, 28.

utra, note on, 27.

atricilla, notes on, 23, 27.

aucta, note on, 27.

Banksii, monstrosity of, xxii.

note on, 26.

Barbaree, note on, 25.

betuleé, note on, 28.

bipunctata, notes on, 24, 26.

Boleti, note on, 21.

Calmariensis, notes on, 26, 28.

Capre@, notes on, 25, 28.

cerealis, notes on, 20, 26.

chrysocephala, note on, 23.

coccinea, note on, 22.

collaris, note on, 21.

coryli, note on, 25.

cyanella, notes on, 26, 28.

10-punctata, notes on, 21, 26.

dorsalis, note on, 27.

12-punctata, notes on, 26, 28.

erythrocephala, note on, 23.

exoleia, notes on, 23, 27.

fastuosa, notes on, 20, 26.

flavipes, note on, 26.

fucaia, note on, 27.

Ffuscicornis, note on, 24.

fuscipes, note on, 27.

Gottingensis, notes on, 18, 26.

graminis, notes on, 19, 26.

hemuptera, notes on, 20, 26.

hemorrhoidalis, notes on, 21, 27.

halensis, note on, 20.

helxines, notes on, 23, 27.

holsatica, note on, 24.

Hyoscyami, note on, 23.

labiata, note on, 25.

Lapponicu, note on, 21.

226

COLEOPTERA —-continued.

Chrysomela lurida, note on, 20.

marginata, note on, 22.

marginella, notes on, 22, 27.

melanopa, notes on, 26, 28.

merdigera, note on, 25.

More@i, note on, 24.

nemorum, notes on, 24, 27.

nitida, note on, 24.

nitidula, notes on, 24, 27.

Nymphee, note on, 25.

oleracea, note on, 22.

Padi, note on, 20.

pallida, notes on, 20, 26.

Phellundrii, notes on, 26, 27.

Pini, note on, 25.

polita, notes on, 20, 26.

polygoni, notes on, 20, 26.

-populi, notes on, 20, 26.

4-maculata, notes on, 26, 28.

4-punctata, note on, 24.

4-pustulata, note on, 24.

rufipes, note on, 24.

sanguinea, note on, 28.

sang uinolenta, notes on, 21, 20.

sericea, notes on, 25, 28.

6-punctata, note on, 25.

Staphylea, notes on, 20, 26.

subspinosa, note on, 27.

tabida, note on, 27.

Tanaceti, notes on, 18, 28.

tenebricosu, note on, 26.

tenella, note on, 26.

testacea, note on, 27.

tridentata, notes on, 24, 28.

viminalis, notes on, 21, 27.

vitelline, notes on, 20, 28.

vulgatissima, note on, 20.

Chrysomelide in the Linnzan and Banksian collections, notes on, 18—28.

Cladognathus bisignatus, cxi.

dorsalis, note on, 448.

elegans, CX.

flavidus, cx.

fulvonotatus, cxi.

Lafertei, 9, cix.

mandibularis, note on, 447.

? politus, Cx.

productus, cix.

(WS)

: COLEOPTERA —continued.

Cladognathus pulverosus, cx.

perplexus, cxi.

4-nodosus, Cix.

squamilateris, cx.

Wallacei, cix.

Cleadne, characters of, 560.

mélanaria, 561.

Clambus, notes on the British species of, vi.

Claviger testaceus, in ants’ nests, cxliv.

Clerus Pave, 163.

Coccinella labialis, gu. var. of C. 7-punctata, clxviii.

Coleoptera from Japan, xxv.

the South of France (Département du Var), xxu.

the South Seas, xxv.

Corticaria maculosa, 156.

Crioceris Bohemani, 612.

Clarkii, 613.

lateritia, 613.

obesa, 616.

Pfeifferi, 614.

terminata, 615.

Cryptophagus fusiformis, 156.

Cryptorhyncus Lapathi, ravages of, on willows, clxv.

Cyclommatus, note on, cxl.

@neomicans, Cxi.

insignis, CXi.

Cyclorasis subnitens, cxil.

Dermestes Frischii, new to Britain, Ixiv.

Dignomus, characters of, 201.

gracilipes, 202.

Dimorphous forms, notes on, Ixxi, Ixxul, Ixxviii.

Ditylus concolor, 184.

Dolicaon nigricollis, 188.

ruficollis, 189.

Dorcus adspersus, 435.

carbonarius, 515.

derelictus, Cxii.

diabolicus, note on, 449.

Howittanus, 513.

Pelorides, note on, 514.

Elete, characters of, 553.

inscripta, 554.

Endomychus coccineus, larva of, Ixvi.

Endophleus spinosulus, capture of, in Britain, Ixvii, Ixxii.

Eubrachium, characters of, 159.

ovale, 161.

politum, 163.

228

COLEOPTERA—continued.

Eubrachium punctatum, 162.

Euplectus, British species of, 45—52.

ambiguus, 50.

bicolor, 5}.

Dennii, 46.

Karstenii, 50.

_ Kirbii, 48.

Kunzei, 45.

nanus, 49.

signatus, 50.

Eurhamphus fascicularis, note on, clxvii.

Europs duplicutus, 146.

impressicollis, 145.

Eurytrachelus cribriceps, note on, 449.

Eutriptus, characters of, 157.

putricola, 159.

Evocentrus erineus, 529.

Figulus Australicus, note on, 450.

clivinoides, note on, 450.

modestus, CXill.

monilifer, Cxiil.

scaritiformis, cxili.

sublevis, note on, 450.

Goliathus Kirkianus, note on, cci.

Gyrophena, descriptions of the British species, 241 —252.

affinis, 244,

fasciata, 248.

gentilis, 245,

levipennis, 245.

new to Britain, xxx.

lucidula, 249.

manca, 251.

new to Britain, xxx.

minima, 250.

nana, 246.

pulchella, 243.

new to Britain, xxx.

strictula, 252.

Haliplide, new East- Asiatic species of, 417.

Haliplus eaimius, 418.

pulchellus, 418.

simplex, 419.

variabilis, 417.

Haltica Paivana, 182.

Haplocnemus nigricornis, note on, cv.

Haploglossa nidicola, synonymy of, xxvii.

pulla, synonymy of, xxvii.

229

COLEOPTERA-~continued.

Haploglossa rufipennis, notes on, xxiv, XXxvil.

Harpalus diffinis, new to Britain, Ixi.

parallelus, new to Britain, 1x1.

Hebecerus confertus, 528.

niphonoides, 527.

sordidus, 527.

Hesthesis acutipennis, 556.

angulatus, 554.

murinus, 500.

vespurius, 557.

vigilans, 556.

Hexarthrius Bowringii, eviii.

Parryi, note on, 446.

? Westwoodii, eviil.

Hispide, new species of, xiii.

Homalota analis, notes on, cxxxix, cxl.

angusticollis, notes OD, CXXXVIl, CXXXViIl.

autumnalis, note on, xCill.

cacti, 186.

canariensis, 184.

coriaria, 186.

dilaticornis, note on, 476.

flavipes, notes on, CxXXVi, CXXXVIl.

fusco-femorata = H. picipes, Thoms., exxxvii.

gemina, note on, Cxxxvi.

intermedia, note on, xcill.

levana, note on, 475.

lepida, note on, xcili.

luteipes, note on, xciii.

maritima, CXXXviil.

nigritula, note on, 478.

oblonga (7), new to Britain, cxlii.

palleola, note on, xciil.

parallela, note on, xciil.

picipes, note on, CXXXVii.

planifrons, (err. typ. platycephala), cl.

putrescens, 185.

soror, note On, CXXxXiX. -

subterranea, notes on, xxiv, XXVil.

Thomsoni, new to Britain, 1xi.

vagepunctata, 187.

velox, note on, CXXxVi.

vilis, note On, CXXxXxvil.

(2), 0. sp., allied to H. analis, cxxxix.

Homoderus, characters of, evil.

Mellyi, evil, 437.

Hydroporide, new East-Asiatic species of, 417.

230

COLEOPTER A—continued.

Hydroporus aberrans, 426.

Andalusie, note on, xcili.

badius, 424.

carbonarius, 423.

celatus, note on, xcill.

derelictus, note on, xciil.

Malacca, 425.

orientalis, 427.

pudicus, 426.

5-lineatus, new to Britain, xciil.

rubescens, 426.

severus, note on, xcill.

tenellus, 427.

Hyphidrus bisulcatus, 422.

eximius, 421.

nigro-notatus, 421.

orientalis, 419.

pulchellus, 420.

rufo-niger, 423.

rufus, 423.

Hypophleus Euphorbie, 183.

Totherium, characters of, 569.

Tsalium, characters of, 549.

Ischnoglossa corticina, in Britain, xxix.

Lemophleus clavicollis, 150.

Lamia ocellifera, 634.

Lamprima amplicollis, note on, 445.

fulgida, note on, 445.

Lasioderma testaceum, injury to ginger by larva of, xxvni.

Lathridius rugosus, note on, ev, evi.

Lathrobium geminum, note on, Ixiii.

Letparthrum curtum, 173.

inarmatum, 173.

Lowei, 174.

Leipaspis, characters of, 140.

caulicola, 142.

lauricolu, 142.

pinicola, 142.

Lema militaris, 612.

Lepidodes, note on, 445.

Leprosoma, note on, 177.

gibbum, 178.

Longicornia, new species from Australia, 526.

Lucanid@, new exotic species of, 429.

new species from Australia, 513.

Remarks on Mr, James Thomson’s Catalogue of, 442.

Lucanus Hopei, eviii.

231

COLEOPTERA — continued.

Lucanus Lama, and its synonymy, 453.

lunifer, note on, 446.

Smithii, evi.

note on, 446.

Macrones cupito, 566.

Manditles, development and functions of, elxvili.

Mastostethus Philemon, 616.

Megacronus castaneus, note on, cxlil.

Megaloprepes, note on, 448.

Melolontha, note on species of, clxxii.

Mesites fusifurmis, 176.

pubipennis, 177.

Mesotopus Turandus, 9, cvil.

Mezium sulcatum, 204.

Mitophyllus Parrianus, 432.

Mouhotia gloriosu, xciv, ciii.

Mycerinus luctuosus, 546.

uniformis, 546.

Mycetoporus lepidus and M. longulus, note on, cxli.

Myrmedonia funesta, found in ants’ nest, vil.

Neolucanus, note on, 447.

Niphona miscella, 529.

oblita, 530.

Nitpus, characters of, 205.

gonospermi, 206.

Obrium ciliatum, 559.

Ocypus ater, bred, clxv.

Odontolabis Custelnaudi, cviii.

Cuvera, note on, 447.

Lacordairei, note on, 447. —

Ludekingii, note on, 447.

Sommeri, cviil.

Omalium riparium, note on, 474.

Oricopis, characters of, 543.

umbrosus, 543.

Oxypoda leutulu, note on, exlvii.

misella, note on, cxlvil,

Oxytelus piceus, note on, cv.

Puirobus clavipes, new to Britain, 1x1.

Paussus Curtisii, exc.

Spencii, exe.

Pempsamacra subaurea, 564.

Pentarthrum Huttoni, capture of, Ixxxii.

Penthea costata, 539.

miliaris, 540.

pullina, 539.

scenica, 540,

232

COLEOPTERA—continued.

Penthea solida, 538.

Phacodes bispinosus, 562.

Phalota, characters of, 559.

‘ tenella, 560.

Phaolus, characters of, 569.

Macleayi, 569.

Philonthus punctiventris, new to Britain, i.

Phleophagus caulium, 175.

Phoracantha bifasciata, 552.

discreta, 551.

fallax, 549.

polita, 500.

pubescens, 550.

scitula, 551.

Phyllocharis apicalis, 617.

Piarus, characters of, 209.

basalis, 210.

Piotes, characters of, 211.

inconstans, 212.

vestita, 213.

Plagiodera Lownii, 622.

Platyprosopus, note on, 449.

Pristoscelis, characters of, 151.

deplanatus, 152.

Proposcoilus crenatus, note on, 448.

Thibeticus, note on, 448.

Psaliclostomus Fryi, cxii.

rotundatus, Cxii.

Ptinide of the Canary Isles, 190.

Ptinus, note on, 203.

hololeucus, note on, xCii.

testaceus? Oliv., 203.

Quedius, notes on certain British species of, 438.

umbrinus, notes on, cv.

Rhytiphora rubeta, 538.

Ropica geminata, 547.

incivilis, 546.

Ryssonotus (?) jugularis, 429.

Saperda mystica, 545.

oculata, captured in Cambridgeshire, ix.

stigmatica, 544.

Scaritarchus Midas, xciv.

synonymous with Mouhotia glorivsa, citi.

Sclerostomus cicatrosus, note on, 450.

leiocephalus, note on, 451.

Lessonii, note on, 451.

rubripes, note on, 451.

233

COLEOPTERA—continued.

Scolytus destructor, note on the ravages of, Ixviii.

Scortizus cornutus, note on, 450.

cribratus, note on, 450.

cuniculus, note on, 450.

Scraptia nigricans, bred, 1xxxii.

Seymnus discoideus, 132.

note on, iil.

limbatus, 134.

note on, iv.

Mulsanti, 133.

note on, iv.

4-lunulatus, note on, clxxv.

Sinodendron (2) areolatum, 430.

cylindricum, from Australia, cxlvi.

Sitophilus Oryze, injury to macaroni by, xxviii.

Solimnia, characters of, 557.

sublineatu, 558.

Sphenognathus Murrayi, note on, 444.

Sphericus, note on, 206.

gibbicollis, 208.

simplex, 207.

Stenidea, note on, Ixxxviil.

Streptocerus speciosus, note on, 445.

Strongylorhinus ochraceus, note on, 227.

oleraceus, note on, Xxvi.

Symphyletes decipiens, 532.

derasus, 532.

farinosus, 533.

Sulvescens, 531.

heros, 530.

ingestus, 537.

moratus, 536.

munitus, 536.

neglectus, 534.

solutus, 535.

Thallestus, characters of, 153.

subellipticus, 155.

typh@oides, 155.

Thinobius brevipennis, new to Britain, Ixi.

Thyada, characters of, 544.

burbicornis, note on, 544.

Trechus obtusus, note on, cxl vii.

Trichonyx sulcicollis, capture of, 1xxxii.

Triplax @nea, note on, 129.

bicolor, note on, 129.

castanea, note on, 129.

ruficollis, note on, 131.

234

COLEOPTERA-—- continued.

Triplax rufipes, note on, 131.

russicu, note on, 129.

Trogosita latens, 143.

recta, 144.

Tropis, characters of, 568.

Trypaneus, habits of, ccxiii.

Tychius brevicornis, 1xxx.

heématocephalus, note on, |xxix.

junceus, note on, xxix.

Kirbii, note on, ]xxix.

Meliloti, note on, 1xxx.

nigrirostris, note on, 1xxx.

polylineatus, note on, Ixxix.

Schneideri, note on, Ixxx.

tomentosus, note on, |xxix.

Typhocesis, characters of, 561.

Macleayi, 562.

Xantholinus atratus, new to Britain, Ixi.

marginalis, 187.

Xenocerus semiluctuosus, note on, Ixxi.

dimorphous forms of, Ixxi.

Xyletinus latitans, 165.

Zygocera, characters of, 625.

cuneata, 542.

lugubris, 541.

metallica, 627.

pruinosa, 626.

sptloptera, 542.

DIPTERA.

Anthomyia larve in wasps and hornets’ nests, ii, xxiii.

Braula ceca, parasitic upon Apis Ligustica, xiv, cl.

Dipterous larve attacking mangold-wurzel, xv.

Veronica Chamedrys, c)xi.

Hydrotachina Limnephili, a dipterous parasite on Trichoptera, cvi.

Lonchoptera, on the development of, 338, Ixxviii.

Mines of leaf-mining larve, preserved for the cabinet, xcvili, cii.

Estrus hominis, larve of, xviii, xix.

Oncodes varius, note on, c]xxil.

Tephritis onopordinis, ravages of, on celery plants, cii.

Volucella, eggs of, in wasps’ nests, ii, xxiii, Ixxvii.

HEMIPTERA.

Acarna, characters of, 583.

conviva, 585.

notaticollis, 584.

orba, 585.

pupillata, 586.

235

HEMIPTERA—continued.

Acarna rostrifera, 584.

ustulata, 585.

Aceiropis carinata, new to Britain, xx.

seticulosa, new to Britain, xx.

Acrilla, characters of, 575.

adipata, 575.

Alcathous, characters of, 577.

fecialis, 577.

Amasenus, characters of, 601.

corticalis, 602.

Amissus, characters of, 595.

Atlas, 596.

Anthocoris austriacus, new to Britain, xx.

Aphanu Daphne, 581.

Thetis, 580.

Aphis, larva of, attacking elms, clxi.

Aphis (?) attacking turnips, xcviil.

Aufidus, characters of, 594.

trifasciatus, 594.

Bardunia, characters of, 589.

nasuta, 589.

Belbina, characters of, 580.

Birdantis, characters of, 581.

decens, 581.

delibuta, 582.

Bryocoris, destructive to orchids, clxxvii.

Calobates rhizome, allied to Aphis, clxxii.

Chlorocysta macrula, 575.

Coccus, effect of punctures on bark of plants, Ixvi.

Corethrura funebris, 589.

Dalcantha inermipes, 599.

Derepteryx obscurata, 602.

Enchophora sicca, note on, 580.

Eurymela, said to cause ‘‘ manna” on white gum trees, Cxxxv.

Eusthenes Polyphemus, 598.

s@vus, 597.

Fulgora candelaria, luminosity of, ccix.

laternaria, luminosity of, ccviii.

Geana Sibylla, 576.

Gehenna, characters of, 582.

Sylvia, 583.

Hariola, characters of, 577.

tiarata, 578.

Hemispherius circumcinctus, 586.

fasciatus, 587.

latipes, 588.

pulcherrimus, 588.

VOL. I. THIRD SERIES, PART IX.—MARCH, 1864.

236

HEMIPTERA—continued.

Hemispherius pullatus, 587.

signatus, 587.

teniatus, 587.

tristis, 587.

viduus, 589.

villicus, 588.

vittiger, 586,

Hotinus celestinus, 576.

ducalis, 576.

Hylica, characters of, 593.

paradoxa, 593.

Hypencha luctuosa, 596.

ophthalmica, 596.

Lyramorpha diluta, 598.

Mattiphus eruginosus, 600.

nigridorsis, 600.

Micropus sabuleti, new to Britain, xii.

Micetis limbativentris, 603.

Mucanum maculigerum, note on, 594.

Nephesa bis-triguttata, 591.

cicatricosa, 592.

gemmifera, 592.

guitulata, 591.

Note on North-American Hemiptera, viii.

Oncoscelis sulciventris, 598.

Periphyllus Testudo, note on, cxxxvi.

Philagra, characters of, 593.

Douglasi, 593.

Scotti, 594.

Piezostethus bicolor, new to Britain, xx.

Platypleura celebs, 573. ;

limbaticollis, 571.

pracellens, 572.

Westwoodi, 571.

Prasia, characters of, 574. /

faticina, 574.

Hariola, 574.

Psylla Eucalypti, forming the “ lerp” or ‘‘ laap” of Australia, civ.

Pycanum amplicolle, 600.

angulatum, 601.

nigro-marginatum, 601.

Pygoplatys sonatus, 595,

Ricania luctuosa, 591.

Sarantus, characters of, 592.

Wallacei, 592.

Siphnus, characters of, 597.

Alcides, 597.

Hector, 597.

Stilida, characters of, 599.

237

HEMIPTERA—continued.

Stilida indecora, 599.

Tarundia concinna, 590.

villica, 590.

Tesseratoma conspersa, 595.

Ulasia, characters of, 578.

magica, 579.

Saundersi, 579.

HYMENOPTERA.

Agamerion gelo, 373.

Agriotypus armatus, parasitic on Aspatherium picicorne, clxx.

Andrena advena, 60.

Anomalon vesparum, reared from nests of Vespa vulgaris and V. rufa, Ixxvii.

Anomma rubellum, probably identical with M. Du Chaillu’s Bashikouay ant, 470.

Anthidium, nest of, xxxi.

Anthoglossa sericea, 59.

Ants from Port Jackson, notes on, exliv.

in houses, remedies suggested, clxxi.

of Equatorial Africa, 470.

Apis Ligustica, Braula ceca parasitic on, xiv, cl.

mellifica, hermaphrodite, Ixxxix, el, clix.

Apoica pallida, from Brazil, 512.

Axima, characters of, 3738.

spinifrons, 374.

Balcha, characters of, 394.

cylindrica, 395.

Bassus albicinctus, 218.

compressus, 220.

elegans, 221.

flavus, 219.

frenator, 218.

maculatus, 216.

picitans, 217.

planus, 220.

pulchellus, 221.

rufocinctus, 215.

scabrosus, 217.

thoracicus, 219.

Bees and the Art of Queen-making, xxxii.

Calosoter bifasciatus, 391.

Cataulacus, list of the species of, 414.

Ceratina eximia, 40.

lata, note on, 40.

placida, 41.

punctulata, note on, 40.

Chalcidites, notes on, and characters of undescribed species, 345.

Chalcis comitator, 350.

BB 2

238

HYMENOPTERA —continued.

Chalcis concitator, 353.

decreta, 352.

? explorator, note on, 387.

impleaa, 352.

inclinator, 355.

microlinea, 372.

nitator, 356.

pendator, 351.

Polyctor, 354.

responsator, 300.

restituta, 351.

separala, 303.

i sociator, 356.

Cheiropachys genualis, 389.

Chrysantheda nitida, note on, 41.

Crematogaster, note on, cxlv.

inflatus, note on, Ixxxi.

Cryptocerid@, list of genera and species of, 407.

Cryptocerus, list of the species of, 408.

atrata, note on, 35.

cognatus, 411.

minutus, note on, 35.

Cynips Kollari, note on, 1xxxvii.

notes on galls, Ixxxvii, cxiv.

Dasycolletes rubellus, 58.

Development of queen-bee from worker egg, xxviii, Xxxil.

Drones, dead pupz of, found at mouth of hive, exlvii.

Ecdamua, characters of, 387.

macrotelus, 388.

Echinopla, list of the species of, 415.

Eciton, habits of, eexiv.

Ectatomma scabrosa, 31.

Entedon perturbutum, 397.

Ephialtes albicinctus, 226.

fuciulis, 226.

Epistenia equalis, 392.

basalis, 392.

scutatu, 391.

Epitranus formicarius, 372.

impulsator, 348.

observator, 349.

ruplator, 350.

Eucharis contigens, 378.

delicatula, 377.

implexa, 377.

piceicornis, 376.

rufiventris, 378.

smaragdina, 376.

239

HYMENOPTERA—continued.

Euglossa analis, note on, 41.

cordata, note on, 41.

Eumenes placidus, 37.

Euryglossa bicolor, 58.

ephippiata, 58.

Eurytoma Capensis, 375.

Formica advena, 53.

agilis and F. intrepida, one species, cxlv.

albo-fasciata, 29.

arborea, note on, 29.

corusca, 30.

detecta and F. purpurea, one species, cxlv.

Sfuliginosa, Myrmedonia funesta found in nest of, vii.

intrepida and F. agilis, one species, cxlv.

purpurea and F detecta, one species, cxlv.

note on nests of, cxlv.

sevissima, annoyance caused by, CCXIV.

sericeiventris, note on, 29.

simillima, 30.

striata, 30.

Gorytes bellicosus, 55.

eximius, 55.

Haticius Hesperus, 40.

Halticella equator, 364.

basalis, 361.

declarator, 360.

dubitator, 366.

ducator, 357.

ensator, 357.

fabricator, 365.

Sigurator, 367.

jinator, 368.

gladiator, 360.

indignator, 369.

internata, 369.

lanceolator, 362.

liberator, 361.

minator, 363.

moderator, 360.

motator, 359.

proctotuperator, 362.

properator, 358.

remotor, 367.

signator, 399.

simplex, 366.

spinator, 364.

sulcator, 368.

tentator, 358.

240

HY MENOPTERA—continued.

Halticella versator, 363.

Hyi@us, habits and nests of, xxxi.

Lelaps, characters of, 389.

decorata, 390.

picta, 390.

Lamprocolletes cladocerus, 57.

venustus, 57.

Larra, nest of, Ixvii.

Leptofenus, characters of, 43.

peleciniformis, 43.

Leucospis ornata (?), parasitic in nest of an Anthidium, xxxi.

semirufa, 346.

Lyciscu apicalis, 393.

hastata, 3938.

Megachile modestus, 62.

senev, 61.

ustuluta, 61.

Megischus niger, 44,

Melipona, characters of, 504.

notes on, 497.

Mandagaia, 505.

Mondury, 505.

Meranoplus, list of the species of, 412.

armatus, 413.

oceanicus, 414.

pubescens, note on, 413.

Metamorpha, characters of, 346.

leucospoides, 347.

Monedula signata, note on, 37.

Montexumia rufipes, note on, 37.

Mutilla Araneoides, 35.

xanthocerata, 35.

Myrmecina, note on, exlv.

nigrocincta, leaping power of, exlv.

Myrmecocystus mexicanus, note on, Ixxxiii.

Myrmica glaber, 34.

molesta, note on, 33.

polita, 34.

reticulata, 33.

Nectarina analis, notes on, 39, 512.

Nematus trimaculatus, transformations of, cit.

ventricosus, ravages of, and plan for preventing, xe.

Nomia argentifrons, 60.

Odontomachus hematodes, note on, 31.

Odynerus productus, 37.

£codoma cephalota, habits of, ccxi.

6-dentata, note on, 34.

Palmon instructus, 387.

24)

HYMENOPTERA—conitinued.

Parugia deceptor, 56.

Parthenogenesis in bees, note on, clix.

Pelopeus, nest of, Ixvii.

Pepsis obscura, note on, 36.

Perilampus discolor, 375,

gloriosus, 375.

Polistes annularis, note on, 38.

Canadensis, note on, 38.

modestus, 38.

versicolor, note on, 38.

Polybia, nest of, Ixvii.

species of, from Brazil, 511.

Enauy, 511.

fasciata, note on, 39.

fastidiosuscula, note on, 39.

Suscicornis, note on, 39.

metuthoracica, note on, 39.

pediculata, note on, 39.

scutellaris, a Mantispa bred from nest of, xxix.

simillima, 39.

Polynema fuscipes, swimming by means of its wings, xXciii.

Polyrhachis bispinosus, note on, 31.

nests of Australian, exlv.

Pompilus anceps, 36.

molestus, 54.

raptor, 54.

Ponera pedunculata, note on, 31.

Prionopelma consors, 395.

purpurea, 395.

splendens, 396.

Prosopis metallicus, 59.

Pseudomyrma bicolor, 32.

cephalica, note on, 32.

flavidula, note on, 32.

modesta, 32.

Pteromalus altifrons, 388.

Schizaspidia cyanea, 386.

plagiata, 385.

pretendens, 385.

Scrapter bicolor, 61.

carinata, 60.

Smiera captiva, 42.

illata, 348.

referator, 347.

transitiva, 37).

Sosvetra, characters of, 370.

transversa, 371.

242

HYMENOPTERA—continued.

Sphea dorsalis, note on, 36.

Tapinoma instabilis, 31.

Thoracantha alta, 383.

apta, 384.

atrata, 383.

cynipsea, 379.

flavicornis, 382.

inexagens, 381.

pallescens, 380.

reflexa, 382.

striatissima, 380.

surgens, 384.

Trichiosoma lucorum and its parasites, 1xx xvii.

Trigona, characters of, 506.

notes on, 497.

amalthea, 510.

note on, 4].

bipunctata, 507.

carbonaria, Coleopterous parasite in nest of, elxxi.

habits of, clxxi, clxxiv.

nest of, clxxiv, c]xxxi.

Cupira, 507.

dorsalis, 510.

Jaty, 507.

luboriosa, 42.

Limao, 506.

longipes, 51).

mellarius, 42.

mellea, 510.

Mombuca, 509.

Mosquito, 510.

recursa, 508,

ruficrus, 509.

Tataira, 508.

Tubiba, 508.

Vespa vulgaris, 9 on the wing in December, elxxxii.

Wasps’ nests, Anomalon vesparwm reared from, Ixxvii.

eggs of Volucella in, il, xxii, Ixxvii.

Xylocopa divisa, nidification of, Ixvi.

LEPIDOPTERA.

Abella, characters of, 272.

costalis, 272.

Aceniropus, reasons for referring the genus to the order Lepidoptera, cii.

niveus, capture of, xv.

belongs to the Lepidoptera, xix.

Acherontia Atropos, monstrosity of, c.

243

LEPIDOPTERA—continued.

Acherontia Atropos, time of emergence from pupa, 69.

Lethe, importation of, x.

Acontia antica, 90.

Acrolepia, characters of the larva-mine, 607.

Actius Leto, note on, 317.

Menas, note on, 317.

Silene, note on, 317.

Sinensis, note on, 317.

Addua, characters of, 254.

inclusa, 254.

Adela (?), note on larva-cases of, viii.

ZEthia emortualis, capture of, in Britain, xxix.

Agrotis segetum, larva destroying turnip-roots, clxx.

Andriasa, characters of, 263.

erubescens, 263.

Anesychia Echiella, capture of, in Britain, 1xiii.

Antherea Assama, note on, 317.

flavivitta, 275.

Frithi, note on, 320.

Helferi, note on, 320.

Jana, note on, 320.

Larissa, note on, 320.

Mezankooriu, note on, 318.

Paphia, note on, 318.

Pernyi, note on, 318.

Perrottetii, note on, 319.

Roylei, note on, 319.

Surakarta, note on, 318.

Yamamai, note on, 319.

Anthocharis Cardamines, hermaphrodite of, cl.

Eosphorus, 523.

Phenon, 522.

Regina, 520.

Anthophila? plana, 92.

Antispila, characters of the larva-mine, 608.

Apha subdives, var., 274.

?lanuginosa, 83.

Argynnis Aphrodite and Cybele, note on, Ixxiv.

Lathonia, capture of, in Suffolk, Ixii.

Arhodia semirosea, 267.

Asopia depressulis, 122.

Aspilates citraria (2), variety of, xcv.

Asthana, characters of, 100.

directa, 101.

erecta, 101.

Astura insolitalis, 125.

Athrula, characters of, 82.

244

LEPIDOPTERA —continued.

Athrula saturnioides, 83.

Attacus Atlas, note on, 315.

Cynthia, note on, 316.

Edwardsii, note on, 316.

Guerinii, note on, 317.

Ricini, note on, 316.

Aucula, characters of, 253.

josioides, 253.

Azamora basiplaga, 91.

Bactra wliginosana, note on, c.

Baniana, characters of, 102,

inequalis, 102.

Batatara, characters of, 86.

Susifascia, 87.

Baubota, characters of, 278.

Stauropoides, 278.

Bertula excelsalis, 115.

Biston betularius, breeding the negro variety, exlvi.

hirtarius, ravages of larve of, xix.

Bleptina ? frontalis, 114.

iniractalis, 114.

penicillalis, 113.

responsalis, 113.

Blera, characters of, 255.

ceruroides, 256.

Boana, characters of, 110.

semialba,'110.

Bocana marginalis, 115.

Bolica, characters of, 117.

armata, 118.

Bombyx Arracanensis, note on, 314.

Bengalensis, note on, 315.

Cresi, note on, 313.

fortunatus, note on, 313.

Horsfieldi, note on, 315.

Huttoni, note on, 314.

mori, note on, 313.

religiose, note on, 314.

Sinensis, note on, 313.

subnotata, note on, 315.

textor, note on, 314.

Bonchis, characters of, 128.

scoparioides, 128.

Bononia, characters of, 111.

niveilinea, 111.

Botys additalis, 125.

ineffectalis, 126.

245

LEPIDOPTERA—continued.

Botys rectiferulis, 126.

Brahmea Hearseyi, a new Bombyx, xxvi, lxxxii.

Breeding of Varieties, Notes on, xxxil, Ixxii, Ixxxiv, cxlvi.

Bucculatrix, characters of the larva-mine, 605.

Caheru pusaria and C. rotundaria, specifically identical, Ixiii, Ixv, Ixvi.

Caligula, nov. gen., 321.

Japonica, note on, 322.

Simla, note on, 322.

Thibetica, note on, 322.

Callimorpha Hera, captured in Britain, xxx, Ixii,

Caphara, characters of, 85.

marginata, 85.

Castnia, larva and pupa of, clx.

Cataclysta insulalis, 123.

Celerena, characters of, 71.

divisa, 72.

Cemiostoma, characters of the larva-mine, 605.

Chadisra, characters of, 81.

bipars, 82.

Choara indicator, 268.

Chrysoclysta Linneella, injury to lime-trees by, Ixviii.

Cidaria reticularia, new to Britain, il.

Cingilia, characters of, 76.

humeralis, 76.

Cispia venesa, 264.

Cistissa, characters of, 86.

expansa, 86.

Clostra, characters of, 273.

tenebriplaga, 274.

Cenonympha Mandane, lxxxv.

Coleophora, characters of the larva-mine, 607.

Colias Hyale, case of arrested development, cxxxvi.

Colussa directa, 266.

latifera, 266.

varia, var., 265.

Compsa, characters of, 254.

saturata, 255.

Condate, characters of, 99.

hypenoides, 99.

Coronis, larva of, clx.

Cosmepteryx, characters of the larva-mine, 607.

on the European species of, 6837—655.

Druryella, 641, 655.

eximia, 638, 654.

Lienigiella, 640, 654.

orichalcea, 651, 655.

Schmidiella, 646, 654.

Scribaiella, 642, 654.

246

LEPIDOPTERA—continued.

Cottobara, characters of, 95.

concinna, 95.

Cricula trifenestrata, note on, 322.

Crymona, characters of, 117.

receptalis, 117.

Cyclopides Macomo, 405.

Cynthia Cardui, remarkable variety of, xcv.

Darala cinctifera, 268.

lineosa, 269.

quadriplaga, 269.

Datana ruficollis, 271.

Deilephila Livornica, flying by day, cxliv.

Deiopeia pulchella, in India, Ixxviii.

Diadema, n. sp. from Madagascar, cxlvi.

Dianthecia capsophila, note on, clxii.

Dioptis, characters of, 70.

hyelosioides, 70.

Dreata caniceps, 269.

D’ Urbania, characters of, 400.

Amakosa, 401.

Ecpantheria Gulo, 74.

mesta, 74,

Ela, characters of, 273.

leucophea, 273.

Elachista, characters of the larva-mine, 606.

apicipunctella, habits of, clx.

Eloria canescens, 75.

Elysius signatus, 75.

Enydra, characters of, 77.

cinctigutta, 77.

Epicopeia Polydora, larva of, xcvi.

Epimecia angulata, 88,

Episparis exprimens, 106.

Erysthia, characters of, 938.

obliquata, 94.

Eucheira socialis, note on, clxi.

Eupithecia subfulvata, note on larva, xxiii.

succenturiata, note on larva, xxiii.

tripunctata, note on, xi.

trisignata, note on, x1.

Euproctis atrigutia, 77.

punctilinea, 264.

Euschema abrupta, 70.

Focilla abrupta, 105.

Gammace, characters of, 103.

magniplaga, 103.

Gangra, characters of, 104.

247

LEPIDOPTERA—continued.

Gangra utripustula, 105.

Gaphara, characters of, 96.

sobria, 96.

Gelechia, characters of the larva-mine, 607.

cauligenella, habit of larva, xiv.

Tarquiniella, n. sp., Xviii.

Gisama anticalis, 116.

Glyphodes rutilalis, 124.

Gopha, characters of, 81.

mixtipennis, 81.

Gora, characters of, 89.

equalis, 90.

Gracilaria, characters of the larva-tnine, 606.

albomarginata, 294.

calicella, 297.

formosa, 291.

Gemoniella, 297.

nitidula, 299.

plagata, 292.

quadrifusciata, 295.

resplendens, 294.

rufipennella, attacking walnut trees, clx.

semifascia, bred from maple, 1xxxix.

Terminalie, 298.

Hadena inculta, 88.

opima, 259.

supposed new species of, xxi.

Herminia? figuralis, 112.

inostentalis, 112.

“Hesperia Amaponda, 405.

Heterocampa thyatiroides, 79.

Homoptera discalis, 97.

gratiosa, 98.

punctilinea, 98.

Hydrelia? curvifera, 91.

Hypena Amusalis, 109.

bisignalis, 108.

? murina, 109.

pyralalis, 108.

? scissilinea, 261.

Hyperchiria rubriluna, 276.

Hypercompa Argus, 73.

Hyponomeuta padella, larve of, unable to live on apple-leaves, c).

said to be bred from larvez feeding on grains of corn, clxxiv.

Tlithyia sociella, larva in nest of Bombus sylvestris, xxiii.

Ineurvaria, larva of, exlix. f

Ismene Steila, 287.

248

LEPIDOPTERA —continued.

Jana semirosea, 270.

Laphygma exigua, capture of, Ixxii.

obliterans, 87.

Larva-nest, of social larva, exiv, clxi.

Larve, generic characters of leaf-mining, 604.

mode of preserving, clxviil, clxix.

notes on collecting, clxxxvi.

Lasiocumpa Callune? bred from larva found in Isle of Wight, i.

inobtrusa, 85.

Laverna, characters’of the larva-mine, 606.

Langiella, synonymy of, 223.

Lebeda metaphea, 277.

Leucania Elymi, notes on, xviii, xx, clxxiil.

Liparis dispar, pseudogynous specimen of, Ixx, Ixxvil.

Lithocolletis, characters of the larva-mine, 605.

Lithosia Caniola, bred from the egg, c.

despecta, 73.

Lithostege nivearia, capture of, clxviii.

Locastra rudis, 115.

Loepa Katinka, note on, 320.

Luca, characters of, 256.

herbida, 256.

Lycena Anta, 402.

Boldenarum, n.sp. from New Zealand, xxvi.

Catharina, 281.

Dorylas, reputed capture in Britain, exli.

Gaika, 403.

Kama, 403.

Knysna, 282.

Methymna, 280.

Niobe, 282.

Siwani, 402.

Lymantria metarhoda, 78.

rufopunctata, 265.

Lyonetia, characters of the larva-mine, 605.

Margaronia auricostalis, 124.

Marthama, characters of, 107.

conspersa, 108.

Micro- Lepidoptera, new plan of mounting, Ixvii.

Micropteryz, characters of the larva-mine, 608.

notes on larvae of, x, Ix.

species of, bred, Ixxxviii.

fastuosella, bred from hazel, xevii, clxi.

Mines of leaf-mining larve, generic characters of, 604, clxv.

preserved for the cabinet, xeviili, cii, cxiv.

Miresa albibasis, 274.

divergens, 82.

249

LEPIDOPTERA—continued.

Modification of species by change of food, xv, xvi.

Morpho Alexandra, 518.

Nenia signiplena, 97.

Nagidusa, characters of, 257.

rylocampoides, 257.

Nematois (?), note on larva-cases of, vill.

Neoris, nov. gen., 321.

Hutioni, 321.

Nepticula, characters of the larvaemine, 605.

moulting of larva, ci, cxxxvi.

shortness of life of larva, c.

éneella, note on, ci.

aurella, note on moulting of larva, cxxxvi.

basiguttella, note on, ci.

distinguenda, note on, Ci.

dulcella, note on, ci.

inequalis, note on, ci.

nitidella, note on, Ci.

obliquella, note on, ci.

pretiosa, note on, Ci.

samiatella, note on, ci.

simplicella, note on, Ci.

Nisoniades Pato, 404.

Umbra, 289.

Nonagria Elymi, new to Britain, xvili, xx, clxxiil.

Netodonta scitipennis, 78.

Nyssia hispidaria and Phigalia pilosaria, hybrid between, in.

Ocinara dilectula, note on, 315.

(Ecophora Epilobiella, synonymy of, 225.

Lambdella, capture of, elxi.

Oligostigma amenalis, 123.

exhibitalis, 123.

Orgyia, habits of the females, Ixx, Ixxi.

Orniz, characters of the larva-mine, 606.

Orodesma apicina, capture of, xx.

Pedisca oppressana, note on, xCcii.

Pais pulchra, 524.

Pamphila Erinnys, 290.

Micipsa, 290.

Panemeria lateralis, 89.

Papilio Birchallii, 517.

Castor, hermaphrodite, clxi.

and P. Pollux, one species or two, clx.

Machaon, hermaphrodite, el.

Pammon, case of arrested development, exiv.

Podalirius, said to be captured in Britain, xxin, xxx.

Parnassius Clarius, note on, |xxxiil.

250

LEPIDOPTERA — continued.

Penicillariu Areusa, 93.

Phalera cossoides, 80.

Phastia, characters of, 258.

basalis, 258.

Phigalia pilosaria and Nyssia hispidaria, hybrid between, iii.

Phornacisa, characters of, 311.

Piffurdi, 312.

Phurys continua, 100.

mensurata, 26).

Phyllocnistis, characters of the larva-mine, 605.

Poaphila? figurata, 260.

plagiata, 260.

Pecilocumpa? nigriventris, 277.

plurilinea, 277.

Polyommatus gon and Alexis, supposed hybrid between, xvii.

intermediate between P. Adonis and P. Aleais, clxxvil.

Pronophila Cirta, 15.

Cordillera, 11.

Irmina, 14.

Orchus, 10.

Pallantis, 5.

Paneis, 8.

Panyasis, 7.

Parepa, 2.

Patrobas, 16.

Pausia, 8.

Perperna, 16.

Peruda, 3.

Peucestas, 4.

Phaea, 3.

Phanias, 6.

Phaselis, 14.

Phila, 2.

Phenissa, 9.

Phoronea, 14.

Physcoa, 5.

Piletha, 7.

Pisonia, 6.

Plotina, 4.

Poesia, 6.

Polusca, 10.

Porina, 9.

Porsenna, 12.

Prochyta, 13.

Proerna, 9.

Pronaz, 12.

Propylea, 14.

251

LEPIDOPTERA—continued.

Pronophila Prosymna, 15.

Protogenia, 13.

Prytanis, 7.

Puerta, 12.

Pylas, 4.

Tauvropolis, 14.

Thelebe, 11.

Zapatosa, id.

Psyche fusca, note on, ili.

intermediella, note on, iil.

radiella, note on, ill.

roboricolella, note on, iil.

salicolella, note on, iil.

Psychid@ from Australia, xxv, XXX1.

Pyralis cervinalis, 121.

costigeralis, 121.

externalis, 119.

intermedialis, 118.

luridalis, note on, clxxiil.

nigricalis, 120.

proximalis, 120.

2 varipes, 119.

Pyrgus Elma, 288.

Radara, characters of, 94.

vacillans, 95.

Rearing Lepidoptera in winter and naturalizing exotic species, note on, clxv.

Remigia consistens, 104.

Rhagonis, characters of, 270.

bicolor, 271.

Rhopalocera, geographical distribution of European, 481.

Rifargia, characters of, 258.

aylinoides, 259.

Rinaca Zuleika, note on, 320.

Salassa Lola, note on, 322.

Salbia varialis, 122.

Saturnia Carpini, hermaphrodite, xi.

Grotei, note on, 320.

Pyretorum, note on, 320.

Satyrus dendrophilus, 399.

Scoparia fascialis, 127.

stupidalis, 127.

Scopula desistalis, 126.

Selenis divisa, 107.

Sena, characters of, 278.

plusioides, 279.

Sesia Cynipiformis, injury to oaks by, Ixviil.

VOL. I. THIRD SERIES, PART 1X.—MARCH, 1864. CC

252

LEPIDOPTERA — continued.

Smerinthus denticulatus, larva of, c.

Sophronia? Capensis, 110.

Sorama inclyta, 79.

Sosvetra, characters of, 84.

grata, 84.

Sphinx Convolvuli, food of larva, clxxiv.

Ligustri, pupation of, 64.

time of emergence from pupa, 68.

Nerii, captured in England, xcii.

Spilonota, a new species of, xviii.

Doubledayana, identical with Pedisca oppressana, xci.

Sterrha sacraria, capture of, clxviti. :

Tagora trigutta, 275.

Terina Anteiusa, 72.

Arybasa, 73.

Thermesia? abswmens, 106.

Tinagma, characters of the larva~mine, 608.

resplendellum, larva of, clxv.

Tinea bistrigella, characters of the larva-mine, 608.

generic distinctness of, 604.

confusella(?), captured in England, xcil.

granella, silky matter formed by larva of, cl xii, clxiv, elxxy.

vivipara, habits of, clii.

Tineina, generic characters of leaf-mining larve of, 604.

Tischeria, characters of the larva-mine, 606.

Vortrix grandevana, habits of the larva, clxx.

Toxocampa Cracce, captured in England, ]xvil.

Trichiura? albiplaga, 86.

Vanessa Cardui, larva feeding on cudweed, clxxxix.

Varieties, on the breeding of, xxxii, Ixxii, Ixxxiv, cxlvi.

Viviparous moth, discovery of a, cli.

Xanthia basalis, 88.

Xanthoptera? alboflava, 92.

? cupreoviridis, 92.

Xylina conformis, new to Britain, i.

Yphthima Hebe, 280.

Zelleria hepariella, note on, xcil.

Zeritis Aglaspis, 286.

Cresus, 283.

Mars, 285.

Zeusera Ausculi, ravages of, xcvi, Cv.

NEUROPTERA.

Agrypnia picta, new to Britain, xx.

Anisocentropus, characters of, 492.

dilucidus, 494.

253

NEUROPTERA—continued.

Anisocentropus illustris, 493.

immunis, 494,

latifascia, 495.

pyraloides, 495.

Ascalaphomerus finilimus, 304.

Aspatherium picicorne, larva-case, and parasite op, clxx.

Brachycentrus fuliginosus, note on, 658.

incanus, note on, 658.

Colpomera, characters of, 302.

sinensis, 302.

Dipseudopsis, notes on, 496, 658.

Capensis, note on, 658.

colluris, 496.

Goniotaulius concentricus, new to Britain, viii.

Holostumis M‘Lachlani, n. sp. from Northern India, xxvi.

Hydropsyche fimbriata, 309.

ophthalmica, new to Britain, cli.

Hydroptila albiceps, 304.

Leptocerus cunescens, 306.

cognatus, 306.

exiguus, 307.

fulvus, new to Britain, xx.

Limnephilus intercisus, note on, 657.

marmoratus, a Dipterous parasite on, evi.

nobilis, new to Britain, cxv.

2, case of, composed of shells of Planorbis, cxlvi.

Macronema Australis, synonymy of, 308.

hospita, 307.

lauta, 308.

Mantispa, bred from nest of Polyhia scutellaris, xxix.

(conessus, characters of, 303.

Maori, 303.

Philopotamus ? columbina, new to Britain, cli.

Phryganea irrorata, note on, 657.

notata, note on, 658.

signata, note on, 658.

Phryganide, on the Fabrician types in the Banksian Collection, 656.

Pseudonema, characters of, 305.

obsoleta, 305.

Psocus, preparatory states of, Ixxvil.

Psychomia derelicta, clit.

Rhyacophila munda, 309.

Stenophylax, descriptions of the British species, 232—240.

cingulatus, 237.

Veoncentricus, 240.

hieroglyphicus, 234.

254

NEUROPTERA—continued.

Stenophylax lateralis, 236

latipennis, 237.

radiatus, 239.

stellatus, 238.

striatus, 235.

viber, 233.

Termites, ravages of, and modes of prevention, clxxxv.

Trichoptera, notes on larva-cases of, clxx, clxxv.

ORTHOPTERA.

Blaita orientalis, destroying the coating of a collodion-plate, Ixxaii.

Extalosoma Hopei, imago, egg and young larva (7) of, Ixvi.

STREPSIPTERA.

Murmecolax Nietneri, note on, xxiii.

BYE-LAWS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON,

AS AMENDED AT A SPECIAL MEETING HELD ON THE

25TH JANUARY, 1864.

Cuap. I. Object.

‘THE Enromozocicat Society or Lonpon is instituted for the

improvement and diffusion of Entomological Science.

Cuap. IT. Constitution.

The Society shall consist of Honorary Members, Corresponding

Members, Foreign Members, Ordinary Members, and Annual

Subscribers.

Cuap. III. Management.

The affairs of the Society shall be conducted by a Council con-

sisting of thirteen Members, to be chosen annually, four of whom

shall not be re-eligible for the following year. Five shall be a

quorum.

Cuap. IV. Officers.

The Officers of the Society shall consist of a President; three

Vice-Presidents ; a Treasurer; two Secretaries; and a Librarian.

The Officers shall be chosen annually. The President, Vice-Pre-

sidents, Treasurer and Secretaries shall be elected from amongst the

Members of the Council. No Member shall be President, or a

Vice-President, more than two years successively.

2 BYE-LAWS.

Cuap. V. Removal or Resignation of Officers.

1. For any cause which shall appear sufficient to a majority

thereof the Council shall have power to suspend any Officer of the

Society from the exercise of his Office, or to remove him and

declare such Office vacant.

2. In the event of any vacancy occurring in the Council or

Officers of the Society, at the next meeting of Council after such

vacancy has been made known, the Council shall recommend to the

Society the name of some person duly qualified to be elected to the

vacant situation; and the next Ordinary Meeting of the Society

shall be made a Special Meeting and the Members summoned

accordingly, and the Election shall take place as provided for at the

Annual Meeting, Chap. XX.

Cuap. VI. President.

1. The duty of the President shall be to preside at the Meetings

of the Society and Council, and regulate all the discussions and

proceedings therein, and to execute, or see to the execution of, the

Bye-laws and orders of the Society.

2. In case of an equality of Votes, the President shall have a

double or casting Vote.

Cuap. VII. Vice-Presidents.

1. The Vice-Presidents shall be nominated by the President.

Such nomination shall be declared at the Ordinary Meeting next

after the election of the President in every year.

2. In the absence of the President, a Vice-President shall fill his

place, and shall for the time being have all the authority, power and

privilege of the President.

3. In the absence of all the Vice-Presidents, 2a Member of the

Council shall preside; and if no Member of the Council shall be

present at any Ordinary Meeting, the Members present shall ap-

point by a majority to be Chairman such Member as they shall

think fit; and the Member of Council so presiding, or the Member

so appointed, shall for the time being have all the authority, power

and privilege of the President.

Cuap. VIII. Treasurer.

1. It shall be the duty of the Treasurer to demand and receive

for the use of the Society all sums of money due or payable to the

BYE-LAWS, ie

Society, and to disburse all sums payable by the Society out of

the funds in his hands.

2. No payment exceeding £5, excepting for rent or taxes, shall

be made by the Treasurer without the consent of the Council.

3. The Treasurer shall keep a book of Cheque Receipts for ad-

mission fees and annual payments; each Receipt shall be signed by

himself, the date of payment and name of Member or Subscriber

paying being written both on the receipt and on the part of the

cheque which is left in the book.

4, The Treasurer shall demand all arrears of annual payment,

after such payment shall have been due three months.

5. The accounts of the Treasurer shall be audited annually, pre-

viously to the Annual Meeting, by a Committee of three Members

of the Council and three Members of the Society, to be appointed by

the President at the Ordinary first Meeting in January, of which

Committee three shall bea quorum: The Treasurer shall furnish

the Auditors with a detailed account of all receipts and dis-

bursements down to the 3lst December, previous to each Anni-

versary.

Cuap. IX. Secretaries.

1. It shall be the duty of the Secretaries to keep a list of all the

Members of and Subscribers to the Society, together with their

addresses ; to summon Meetings (when necessary) of the Society

and the Council; to conduct and produce to the Council all corre-

spondence in any way connected with the Society at the next

Meeting after such correspondence shall have been received or

taken place; to take Minutes of the Proceedings at Meetings

of the Society and the Council; to edit the Transactions and

Journal of Proceedings; and generally, to act under the direction

of the Council in all matters connected with the welfare of the

Society.

2. In the absence from any Meeting of the Society or the

Council of both the Secretaries, Minutes of the Proceedings shall

be taken by a Member, whom the President shall appoint for the

occasion.

Cuap. X. Librarian.

1. The Librarian shall not necessarily be a Member of or

Subscriber to the Society. He shall not be a Member of the

Council.

4 BYE-LAWS.

2, The Librarian shall receive such remuneration as the Council

shall from time to time determine, and shall be subject to such

Rules and Orders as shall from time to time be given to him by the

Council.

8. It shall be the duty of the Librarian to take care of the

Library and MSS., and keep a Catalogue thereof, with the names

of the Donors; to call in all Books borrowed, and see that the

Library Regulations are carried into effect; to distribute the

Transactions and Journal of Proceedings to the learned Societies,

Members and Subscribers entitled thereto, and to take care of the

stock of the same, and of the other property on the Society’s pre-

mises; and generally, when required, to assist the Secretaries in

the performance of their duties.

Cuap. XI. Library Regulations.

1. No Member or Subscriber shall, without special permission of

the Council, be allowed to borrow from the Library more than four

volumes at one time, or, without leave of the Librarian, to retain

any volume longer than one month.

2. If any book be torn, injured, lost, or not forthcoming when

demanded by the Librarian, full compensation shall be made for the

same by the borrower.

3. The Librarian shall call in all books borrowed from the

Library on the 5th day of January and 5th day of July in every

year; and in case the same be not returned on or before the

Ordinary Meeting of the Society in the following month, notice

thereof shall be given by him to the Council, who shall then direct

a second notice to be sent to the Member or Subscriber retaining

any book, and in case the same be not returned within the further

space of four weeks from the date of such second notice so sent,

such Member or Subscriber shall in future be disqualified from

borrowing books from the Library without the special permission of

the Council.

4, All Members of and Subscribers to the Society shall have

free access to the Library at the time specified in the Bye-Laws.*

5. No Stranger shall be allowed access to the Library unless

introduced by a Member or Subscriber; but a note addressed to

* The Librarian is in attendance at the Rooms of the Society every Monday

from Two to Seven o’clock, p.m.

BYE-LAWS. 5

the Librarian or Secretary shall be deemed a sufficient intro-

duction.

Cuap. XII. Election of Members and Subscribers.

1. Every Candidate for admission into the Society shall be pro-

posed by three or more Members, who must sign a Certificate in

recommendation of him. The Certificate shall specify the name

and usua! place of residence of the Candidate.

2. The Certificate for a Member, having been read at one of the

Ordinary Meetings, shall be suspended in the room, read again at

the following Ordinary Meeting, and the person therein recom-

mended shall be ballotted for at the next Ordinary Meeting.

3. The Certificate for a Subscriber, having been read at one of

the Ordinary Meetings, shall be suspended in the room, and the

person therein recommended shall be ballotted for at the next

Ordinary meeting.

4, The method of voting for the election of Members and Sub-

scribers shall be by ballot, and two-thirds of the Members ballotting

shall elect.

5. The Election of any Ordinary Member shall be void unless the

admission fee shall be paid within twelve months after the date of

his Election; the Council shall, however, possess a discretionary

power to extend the time of payment.

6. Members and Subscribers shall sign the Obligation Book of

the Society at the first Ordinary Meeting of the Society at which

they are present, and shall then be admitted by the President.

Cuap. XIII. Admission Fee and Annual Contribution.

1. The Admission Fee for a Member shall be £2: 2s., the

Annual Contribution £1 : 1s.

2, The Annual Contribution for a Subscriber shall be £1: 1s.,

without Admission Fee.

3. The composition in lieu of the Annual Contribution shall be

£15:15s.; the composition for a Member or Subscriber elected

previous to the Ist January, 1852, is £10: 10s.

4, The Annual Contribution shall become due on the Ist day of

January in every year in advance; but any Member or Subscriber

elected after the 30th of September will not be called upon for his

Contribution for the remaining portion of that year.

A383

6 BYE-LAWS.

Cuap. XIV. Withdrawing and Removal of Members and

Subscribers.

1. Every Member or Subscriber, having paid all sums due to

the Society, shall be at liberty to withdraw therefrom upon giving

notice in writing to the Secretary.

2, Whenever written notice of a motion for removing any

Member or Subscriber shall be delivered to the Secretary, signed

by the President or Chairman for the time being on the part of the

Council or by five or more Members, such notice shall be read

from the chair at the two Ordinary Meetings immediately following

the delivery thereof, and the next following Ordinary Meeting shall

be made a Special Meeting and the Members summoned accord-

ingly, when such motion shall be taken into consideration and

decided by ballot ; whereat if a majority of the Members ballotting

shall vote that such Member or Subscriber be removed, he shall be

removed from the Society.

3. Whenever any Ordinary Member of the Society shall be in

arrear for three years in the payment of his Annual Contribution,

notice thereof in writing shall be given or sent to him by the

Treasurer, together with a copy of this section; and in case the

same shall still remain unpaid, the Treasurer shall give notice

thereof to the Council, who shall cause the name of such member,

together with a statement of the sum due by him for arrears, to be

read at the three following Ordinary Meetings of the Society, after

the last of which a second similar notice shall be sent to him, and

at the fourth Ordinary Meeting such Member of the Society shall

be removed, and the President shall erase his name from the list

of Members.

4, Whenever the Annual Contribution of a Subscriber shall be

in arrear one year, such Subscriber shall have his name erased from

the list of Subscribers and cease to belong to the Society.

Cuap. XV. Privileges of Members and Subscribers.

1, The Members have the right to be present, to state their

opinions, and to vote at all General Meetings ; to propose Candidates

for admission into the Society; to introduce Visitors at General

Meetings of the Society ; to have personal access, and to introduce

scientific strangers to the Library; and to purchase the Transactions

of the Society at reduced prices.

2. No Member shall introduce more than one Visitor at any one

Meeting.

BYE-LAWS. I

3. Ordinary Members of and Subscribers to the Society resident

more than fifteen miles from London, and who shall have paid the

Annual Contribution for the year, shall be entitled to receive a copy

of the Transactions published during the year without further pay-

ment.

4, Ordinary Members shall be eligible to any office in the

Society, provided they are not more than one year in arrear in the

payment of the Annual Contribution.

5. A Member shall not be entitled to vote on any occasion until

he shall have paid his Contribution for the year last past.

6. Subscribers enjoy all the privileges of Members excepting

those of voting at the Meetings, holding office in the Society and

proposing Candidates. Subscribers have no claim upon or interest

in the property of the Society.

Cuap. XVI. Foreign and Corresponding Members.

1. Any Foreigner, not resident in the United Kingdom, who

has distinguished himself as an Entomologist, or who has shown

himself able and willing to promote the ends for which the Society

is founded, may be elected a Foreign Member; his Annual Con-

tribution shall be £1:1s., and he shall be entitled to the same

privileges as an Ordinary Member. Foreign Members shall be

exempt from the payment of any Admission fee; and _ shall

not be required to sign the Obligation Book until present at an

Ordinary Meeting of the Society, and when so Seven: shall be

admitted as other Members.

2. Foreigners and others not resident in the United Kingdom may

be elected as Corresponding Members, who shall not be subject to

the payment of any Admission fee or Annual Contribution, and

who shall be entitled to a copy of the Journal of Proceedings of the

Society, but not to the Transactions; which, however, may be pur-

chased by them at the reduced price paid by the Ordinary Members.

The Membership and Privileges of Corresponding Members shall

however cease in case they shall at any future time be continuously

resident in the United Kingdom for the space of twelve months,

unless sanctioned, in the case of any particular Member, by a special

vote of the Council.

~Cuar. XVII. eed Members.

1. Every person proposed as an Honorary Member shall be re-

commended by the Council; and shall be ballotted for, and, if

elected, be liable to be removed in the like form and manner,

8 BYE-LAWS.

and be subject to the same rules and restrictions, as an Ordinary

Member.

2. Honorary Members shall be exempted from the payment of

Fees and Contributions; and shall possess all the privileges of

Ordinary Members.

3. No resident in the United Kingdom shall be an Honorary

Member.

4. The number of Honorary Members shall not exceed ten.

Cuap. XVIII. Ordinary Meetings of the Society.

1. The Ordinary Meetings of the Society shall be held on the

first Monday in each month in the year, beginning at seven o'clock

precisely in the evening, or at such other time as the Council shall

from time to time direct.

2. At the Ordinary Meetings the order of business shall be as

follows :—

(1.) The names of the Visitors present at the Meeting shall be

read aloud by the President.

(2.) The Minutes of the last Meeting shall be read aloud by

one of the Secretaries, proposed for confirmation by

the Meeting, and signed by the President.

(3.) The Presents made to the Society since the last Meeting

shall be announced and exhibited.

(4.) Certificates in favour of Candidates for admission into the

Society shall be read, and Candidates shall be ballotted

for.

(5.) Members and Subscribers shall sign their names in the

Obligation Book, and be admiteed;

(6.) Exhibitions of specimens, &c., shall be made.

(7.) Entomological communications shall be announced and

read either by the Author or one of the Secretaries.

(8.) When the other business has been completed, the persons

present shall be invited by the President to make their

observations on the communications which have been

read, and on the specimens or drawings which have

been exhibited at the Meeting.

3. All Memoirs which shall be read at any Meeting of the

Society, shall become the property of the Society, unless otherwise

stipulated for previous to the reading thereof.

4, No Motion relating to the government of the Society, its Bye-

Jaws, the management of its concerns, or the election, appointment

or removal of its officers, shall be made at any Ordinary Meeting.

BYE-LAWS. 9

Cuap. XIX. Special Meeting.

1. Upon the requisition of any six or more Members, presented

to the President and Council, a Special General Meeting of the

Society shall be convened; a notice thereof shall be sent to every

Member whose last known residence shall be in the United

Kingdom, at least seven days before such Meeting shall take

place; and the nature of any proposition to be submitted to such

Meeting shall be stated in such Notice.

2. No vote shall be taken at any Special Meeting unless nine or

more Members shall be present.

Cuap. XX. Annual Meeting.

1. The Annual Meeting of the Society shall be held on the fourth

Monday in January of every year.

2. The objects of the Meeting shall be to receive from the

Council, and hear read, their Annual Report on the general

concerns of the Society; and to choose the Council and Officers

for the then ensuing year.

8. The Council for the time being shall annually cause to be

prepared two Lists, one of which (No. 1 in the Schedule hereto)

shall contain the names of Members whom they shall recommend to

be re-elected into, and to be removed from, and of other Members

to be elected into the Council; and the other List (No. 2) shall con-

tain the names of such persons as they shall recommend to fill the

offices of President, Treasurer, Secretaries and Librarian for the

year ensuing; which Lists shall be read at the Ordinary Meeting

in January, and shall then be fixed up in the Meeting-room until

the day of election. And copies of such Lists shall be transmitted

to every Member whose last known residence shall be in London,

or within twenty miles thereof, at least seven days before the Annual

Meeting shall take place.

4, The President shall appoint two or more Scrutineers from the

Members present, not being Members of the Council, to superintend

the Ballots and report the results to the Meeting.

5. The Secretaries, assisted by the Treasurer, shall prepare a

List of the Members entitled to vote, and each Member voting

shall give his name to the Scrutineers to be marked on the said

List, and shall then put his ballotting lists into the respective glasses

to be provided for such occasion.

6. Any ballotting List containing a greater number of names

10 BYE-LAWS.

proposed for any office than the number to be elected to such

office, shall be wholly void, and be rejected by the Scrutineers.

7. The Ballot for the Council shall remain open for one quarter

of an hour, at the least; and the Ballot for the Officers for one

quarter of an hour, at the least, after the result of the Ballot for the

Council shall have been declared.

8. No Ballot shall be taken unless nine or more Members shall

be present.

9. If from any cause an election shall not take place of persons

to fill the Council, or any of the offices aforesaid, then the election

of the Council and Officers, or the election of Officers, as the case

may be, shall be adjourned until the next convenient day, of which

notice shall be given in like manner as is directed for the Annual

Meeting.

Crap. XXI. Transactions and Journal of Proceedings.

1. The Transactions shall consist of such Papers communicated

to the Meetings of the Society as the Council shall order to be

published therein.

2. The Transactions shall be published quarterly, and at such

prices as the Council shall direct for each Part or Volume; but the

price for one copy of each Part or Volume, to each Member or

Subscriber who shall not be in arrear in the payment of his Annual

Contribution, shall not exceed three-fourths of the price charged to

the public.

8. Authors of Memoirs published in the Transactions shall be

allowed twenty-five copies of their communications gratis. If any

additional number be required, the entire expense thereof shall be

paid for by the Authors.

4. A Journal of Proceedings of the Society shall also be pub-

lished, containing Abstracts of the Papers read and Notices of

other Matters communicated at the Ordinary Meetings of the

Society.

5. The Journal of Proceedings shall be ready for delivery to

Members and Subscribers within six months after the entry of such

Proceedings in the Minute Book has been confirmed, and shall also

be bound up and sold with the Transactions.

Cuapr. XXII. Alteration of the Bye-Laws.

Any of the Bye-Laws of the Society may,at any time be repealed

or altered, or others adopted in lieu thereof, at a Special Meeting