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OFFICERS.

1847,

The Rev. W. Kirpy, M.A., F.R.S., &c.....eececcessseeee Hon. President.

Witttam Spence, Esq., F.R.S., &c. «200-2000 ceccorce ~.. President.

Io Wanna dct] 5 olin CI Gon dae Gndnbe po doce cnn conc } Vices Pesidents.

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eaheees pes

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OF

VOLUME IV.

os

Page

weehncers- on the Soctety for 1847 2 kw et oe eae el

mmee OE“ne EFANSACHONS sha. ee ee ww vie 8 ey oe ee I iv

lisplanationyef. the: Plates v. 42°). sll eh eA SF glove el OX

e Addenda and, Corrigenda )escs) at suesils<6:8 Ned ep tet we, o ) XU

* Additions to the Library from the 1st January, 1844, to the 31st Decem-

EDUC TGs GSS) a Bao yickieccin ction ark. 1 sc So CAY ona She ER © ALT

; ‘Additions to the Collections from the Ist January, 1844, to the 31st

yy lec rA CL yO AG ete lio uiion Proihs apiacert oikistel aap rol ag oe REN

; “By-Laws of the Entomological Society of London, altered and adopted

at a Special Meeting held on the 4th January, 1847 . . . . . I

* Journal of Proceedings from January, 1840, to December, 1846.* _

if mute-Bioptaphy of BABRICIOS, © 6-6 .5-<s si eye se ow 8 YA

)* Notices of deceased Neapolitan Entomologists . . . . . . . « Xvil

x

MEMOIRS.

PARTI. 1845.

I. On the Habits of Megachile centunculuris. By Grorce

INSEMMEOrAU RISC diel a alate los olieseotrau ok) failk’ wail’ etter tal

II. On the Entomology of China, with Descriptions of the

Species sent by Dr. Cantor. By the Rev. F. W. Horr,

Bernie Cat anaien (8B) Gri MP OAT Fe shies cbetts lA a MUGh cae oi in &

* As it is intended that the Proceedings, from January 1847, should appear

periodically in the Quarterly Parts of the Transactions, as in the Ist and 2nd

Volumes, it-has been deemed advisable that the sheets of the Proceedings published

since the completion of Volume II. should be bound up with the present Volume.

vl

XI. & XII.

XIII.

XIV.

XV.

XVI.

XVII.

XVIII.

XIX.

XX.

‘CONTENTS.

Page

. On the Pulvilli of Flies. By W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., &c. 18

. On Cryptodus and its Allies. By J.O. Westwoop, F.L.S. 19

. On the British Species of Hylaus, and Economy of Osmia

and Epeolus. By F. Smirn, Esq. . . . + » » « 29

. New Coleoptera from the Philippine Islands. By G. R.

WATERHOUSE, Esq FiLte eCied ic ls) oie neue so

. On the Linnean Staphylini. By J.O.Westwoop, F.L.S. 45

. New Genus of Lucanide. By Capt. Parry . . . ~. 595

. Note on the Honey Bee. By Grorce Newport, Esq. . 57

. On anew Dipterous Genus, By S. S. Saunpers, Esq. . 62

New Species of the Dipterous Genus Ceria. By W. W.

NAUNDERS, Gusq.,, HelssSuy Cs 6. swe) we oe ie Soe

On a Gynandromorphous Smerinithus. By Mr. Turure. 68

Two new Curculionideous Genera. By G. R. Warer-

HOUSE, SQsi ss, ot ote Peet ot ks ar et, geomet tO

On the Death Watch and an Allied Genus. By J. O.

WESTWOOD, isla, Sz) (ClC me Momiican cul Wie oct sul cle emcuen til

New Assamese Coleoptera. By Rev. F. W. Hors, F.R.S. 73

On Mechidius. By J. O. Westwoop, F.L.S., &c. . . 78

New Assamese Coleoptera. By Capt. Parry . . . . 84

On Trigonophorus and Rhomborhina. By J. O. West-

OOD AK. LusS: \OcChid s Ve eue ELC Gets ei et vs Oe) ve UNSW GE,

On an Asiatic Genus of Rutelide. By J.O. Wesrwoop,

1S DRS as ee Se COME EOE CET ge) eR cree me

PART II. 1845.

. Completion of Memoir on an Asiatic Genus of Rutelide.

By J.(0.. Waustwoop, BLS. er. %i as ye OF

. Descriptions of some new Species of Coleoptera from Ade-

laide in New Holland. By the Rev. F. W. Hops, F.R.S.,

President of the Entomological Society, &. . . . . 100

XXII.

XT

XXIV.

XXV.

VI.

MVE.

XXVII.

XXVIII.

XXIX.

XXX.

XXXI.

XXXII.

CONTENTS.

vil

Page

Descriptions of some Coprophagous Lamellicorn Beetles -

from New Holland. By J. O. Westwoop, F.L.S., &c. . 114

Descriptions of some Species of exotic Heteropterous He-

miptera, By J. O. Wrstwoop, F.L.S., &c.

Memoirs on various Species of Hymenopterous Insects. By

J. O. Westwoop, F.L.S., &c. .

Descriptions of the Chrysomelide of Australia, allied to

the Genus a. By W. W. Saunpers, Esq.,

F.L.S., &c. ee SRR a REPRE IS sh ees

On the Lamellicorn Beetles which possess exserted Man-

dibles and Labrum, and 10-jointed Antenne. By J. O.

Wesrwoop, F.L.S., &c. . SAAS sod vig Seabee

PART III. 1846.

On the Lamellicorn Beetles which possess exserted Man-

dibles and Labrum, and 10-jointed Antenne. By J. O.

Westwoop, F.L.S., &c.—(continued.) .

Descriptions of a few nondescript Species of Exotic Beetles.

By the Rev. F. W. Horr

Monograph of the Genus Panorpa, with Descriptions of

some Species belonging to other allied Groups. By J. O.

Westwoop, F.L.S., &c. .

Descriptions of Australian Chrysomelide, allied to Crypto-

cephalus. By W. W. Saunpzrs, Esq., F.L.S.

eil9

. 128

- 141%

. 155

2 LOL

2 18k

. 184

sles

Descriptions of various new Species of Buprestide from

Australia: By'thé Rev. F. W. Hore’ >. °°: . . . 208

Some Account of the Preparatory States of Bombyx Selene.

By Capt. Toomas Hurron . Cy ia i ag . 221

Description of a new Genus of Longicorn Beetles. By

J. O. Westwoop, F.L.S., &c. . . 224

Vill

XXXIII.

XXXIV.

XXXV.

XXXVI.

XXXVII.

XXXVIII.

XXXIX.

XL.

XLI.

XLII.

XLII.

XLIV.

CONTENTS.

PART, DY 163%.

Page

Characters of various new Groups and Species amongst the

Coprophagous Lamellicorn Beetles. By J.O. Westwoop,

IB Usiey CCCs os an Me aon meta eee eer a I is

Description of the Male of Gastroxides ater, a Dipterous

Insect belonging to the Family Tabanide. By W. W.

SAUNDERS, (B8q.5 AG See oe cass eth abel ae mao

Notes on the Genera Holoparamecus, Curtis; Amphibolo-

narzron, Porro; Latrinus, Waltl; and riven Villa.

By J. O. Wceenocn F.LS. Meet 2 area A Bes

Description of a new Dorylideous Insect from South Africa

belonging to the Genus Atnictus. By J. O. Westwoop,

1s) Dis gus pier i nara Raa nese alia alam tl ac ys 5.)

Descriptions of some Exotic Insects, belonging to the

Family Aphodiide. By J. O. Westwoop, F.L.S., &c. . 239

Descriptions of various exotic Heteropterous Hemiptera.

By J..O. Westwoop, FLS.j8&c-0. o.5 ous We... 2

Observations on the Fossil Insects of Aix in Provence, with

Descriptions and Figures of Three Species. By the Rev.

Eo W,. Hope, BoRwS., Ebest: 6. .6 es Weeris eee rece

On the Economy of the Genus Palmon of Dalman, with

Descriptions of several Species belonging thereto. By

JOn WESTWOOD, Helio recs 2s yi) ol 6) eee

On the Habits of the Genus Stalis. By W.F. Evans, Esq. 261

Remarks on the Entomology of New Zealand. By Wm.

SrepHenson, Esq. .... . . > BO) ee ee 8

On Pleomorpha, a Genus of minute Chrysomelide from

Australia. By W. W. Saunpers, Esq., F.L.S., &c. . 268

On the Sectional Characters of the Genus Lucanus, with

Descriptions of some new Species of Lucanide. By

DO: Wastwoon, Holi; G6.) .. . Gees Bele ss eaA

CONTENTS. 1X

PART V. 1847.

Page

XLIV. On the Sectional Characters of the Genus Lucanus, with

Descriptions of some new Species of Lucanide. By

J. O. Westwoop, F.L.S., &e.—(continued.) . . . . 2738

XLV, Descriptions of two new Genera of Carabideous Insects.

By FO. Wustwoon, BvL:S.,8:0.. .c)04) «gent + 9, 3° 278

XLVI. Descriptions of various Coleopterous Insects from New

Holland, collected chiefly by Mr. Fortnum, at Adelaide.

By the Rev;.F. W/Hors, F-R.S.,,&e. 6. 2: «= 280

XLVII. Remarks occasioned by the publication of a Work entitled

‘‘ Insect Life.” By J. W. Douatas, Esq.. . . . «. 286

XLVIII. On two new Sub-Genera of Australasian Chrysomelide,

allied to Cryptocephalus. By W.W. Saunpers, Esq.

BLS: (continued from ps 270.) ay a 8 EOS

XLIX. Description of a new Genus of Lamellicorn Beetles from

India, belonging to the Family Rutelide, By J. O.

Wrasrwoon,.9ida.Si te: veh. RF ens 5 2 2 296

L. Description of a Species of Grasshopper from New South

Wales, By W. F. Evans, Esq.. M.E.S. . . . . . 800

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

—»—.

PLATE PAGE

I. Coleoptera, from Chusan and Canton ......... Sere de Aaieteem ile, 14

New Genus of Lucanid@.........-. spabioce counecooGgoeuenooo, He

Il. Cryptodus and allied Genera ..........--. aitatieets svelate seccssses 19

III. Species of Hyleus .....-. Hoes onad 000s eal ela \cieleie sescereceee 29

IV. Species of Alliocera and Ceria ........+.- oer sicleleleliaierelsi qe O25 00

V. Two new Curculionideous Genera .......sceccccsccerrceeseese 69

Trigonophorus and Rhomborhind..+++0++eseeesreereeee oeceee veh (OF

Mechidius . J An gooU soba: colgnGnpnoger Ao oc oc cdMacocoed- the

VI. New Genus of Rutelide Joo Sodeon se caenostcanesere Scanenooo, Wil

Two new Genera of Lamellicorn Beetles .........+. cdot BNR as)

VII. Articerus Fortnumi.....- sanoor Soon bbb ogocUn Doon DCt sisireteate LOG

Exotic Heteropterous Hemiptera....... ocogcooncdtap ean WI

VIII. New Holland Coprophagous powellicors Beetles wens sis nese soceee 114

1X. Cryptocephalides, from New Holland.........++..00- cocccecyee LAL

NiransfOrmattOUs OL XC YOTIO ain aieleeleclel cictslsie euntelalebcie} nie) tel aiviele| cle) LOO

Nest of Pompilus audux ..... SOOCOOL so0rsoC EBECO OU OL 00 COME OC 139

Genus Palmon......+.- 5HO 00 0000 Soanoo paotadosunics cosose 2G

XL. and XII. Exotic Genera of Trogide and Geotrupide ..... oes hoo, &c.

XUN. New, Eixotic:Colenptena «c+ cleiciee oo cine cw ciae s+ cleisiris sieieléwe ovis » 181

New Genus of Longicorn Beetles ..... ODO PODIOU CN CT 500 Go DC 224

XIV. Genera of Punorpid@.........+0- Son comeDcE dap cocduL oe 188, 189

Gasironides atera (male): cece «l\ere(ele ale! «1 o1« 'efe\ alelielenera Stopodeadot sice 200

ZEnictus, from South Africa ..... basi eters exsiaserers Sieis; sterttevele ococon 28'7/

XV. Cryptocephalides, from New Holland.......-+eeseeeceeceee 197, 268

XVI. New Genera of Coprophagous Lamellicorn Beetles ..........-... 227

SAVING IDM Sed obonnpcooood soodseooon dacpeccouccueoUnc Sogoodoon PAE

New Aphodiide ..........0. SHG DUO OC saforerstoreroletchcislcls rel stele 239

XVIII. Exotic Heteropterous Hemiptera.......ssseeeeevcereeees SS BOGE 243

BNOTEXC se HOSStll InS@CtSiereesiclarcie sic shcisvale ievstes ey let saveie el eeco cle: eieiie/eierey sie! sieiisicce 254

Eggs and Larva of Sialis .....- ses -e cece cece rece er en ee cance 261

NewaZed andelyanvarmimeasest lero cls axcalatecerloterststal sicycredelonetenatsslapare 266

New Holland Lamellicorn Beetles..........500sccsssesesccers 280

XX. New Species of Lucanid@ .........ese cree ceceees sVodarecatisy staysyete 273

Nene Neva Genera Ot Oarabid eu ce iecisiclel chats otare ciel ste) eloicre eiclele sels ieysueloiele 278

New Holland Grasshopper ......--.--- se eeeeee cece eee cecees 300

XXII. Genus Peperonota .........-+00 clelelelolelslarstaleie pielcvelsleiefelereleletlei 2a C0

ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA.

Page 29, Mr. F. Smith’s article on Hylzus is illustrated in Plate ITI.

Fig. 1, represents H.dilatatus, Kirby ; 1a, face; 1}, lateral view of the

head, showing the concavity of the basal joint of the antenne.

Fig. 2, H. plantaris, Smith; 2a, face; 26, underside of abdomen,

showing the patch of rufous hairs; 2, intermediate leg.

Fig. 3, H. cornutus, Kirby, MS.; 3a, face.

Fig. 4, section of brambletwig; A, B, C, provisioned cells, with an egg

in each; D, E, empty cells; F, serpentine passage to the nest.

120, Platymeris ducalis was stated by mistake to be in the British Museum

Collection.

188 et seq., Panorpa nebulosa and debilis, and Bittacus pilicornis, have not been

found among the other type-specimens contained in the Collection,

formerly in Mr, Newman's possession, presented to the British

Museum.

243, line 5, omit the reference to Plate XVII. fig. 7.

117, Proceedings, October 1844. The new Indian Cstrus here mentioned

proves to be a yellow winged Asilus.

Ge xin)

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY

FROM THE 1st JANUARY, 1844, TO THE 3lst DECEMBER, 1846.

Rev. F. W. Hope ..Abeilles, L’Art de gouverner les Abeilles. Paris. 1783.

The Society ........ Account of the Celebration of the 100th Anniversary of the

American Philosophical Society.

The Author........Agassiz (L.), Nomenclator Zoologicus, fasc. 5, 6, 7, 8.

The Society ........ Royal Agricultural Society, Journal of. Vol.5, Part 1. Vol.6,

Parts 1,2. (See ante, Journal.)

Rev. F. W. Hope ..Alexander’s Colonies of Western Africa. 2 vols.

DY itt Giesevarsteveist shee .-Anderson’s Sumatra. 1 vol. 8vo.

The Society ........Annales de la Soc. Entomol, de France. 1844. Part 1,

et seq.

aber Editor’ <<< s:6.5.6 The Athenzum. October to December, 1843; January to

December, 1844.

The Author ........Badham, Insect Life. 12mo.

Rev. F. W. Hope ..Baker, Employment for the Microscope. 8vo. 1753.

The Society ........ Bavaria, Abhandlungen der Mathematisch Physikalischen Klasse

der Koéniglichen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.

Dritt. Bandes. Dritter Abtheil. 4th Band. 1 Abtheil.

Ditto............———. Bulletin of the Bayerischen Akademie. Various parts.

iDTitiOoaoouneose .»-———— Almanach der Kénigl. Bayerischen Akademie for

various years.

Rev. F. W. Hope ..Bees, Le bon Abeiller. 12mo. 1822.

Ditto............ Billings, Account of a Geographical and Astronomical Expedition

to the Northern Parts of Russia. 4to.

Ditto... . +++..++Bingley’s Biographical Conversations.

Ditto...........-Blainville (De), Travels through Holland, Germany, &c., trans-

lated by Turnbull. 3 vols, 4to. Plates.

The Society ........ Boston Society of Natural History, Journal of. Vol. 4, Nos. 3,4.

Vol. 5, Part 1. (See ante, Journal.)

Ditto... ...+0eeee0¢—— Proceedings of. Nos.17, 18,19.

Rev. F. W. Hope ..Boitard, Sur le Murier et les Vers a Soie.

Dt Oievstc sic ois .---Bonnet, (Euvres d’Hist. Natur. Vol. 1—18.

The Author...... .. Bourlet, M. l’Abbé, Memoire sur les Podurelles. 8vo.

Rev. F. W. Hope ..Bonanni, Observationes circa Viventia, &c. 4to. 1691.

The Society ........ Bruxelles, Nouv. Mémoires de l’Académie Royale de. Tom. 16,

W753.

Ditto......++++..Bruxelles, Mémoires des Savans Etrangéres, publies par

VAcadémie Royale de. Tom. 15. 2d Part 16, 17.

XIV ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY

The Society........Bullétin de l’Académie Royale de Bruxelles. Tom. 9, part 2.

Tom. 10, parts 1—6, 1843. Tom. 11, part 1, 1844. Tom. i;

parts 1, 2, 1845.

Ditto............Instruction pour I’Observation des Phénoménes Périodiques.

Published by the same Society.

Ditto.........+..+Bruxelles, Annuaire de l’Académie Royale de. 1844—1846.

The Author ........Bréme (M. le Marquis de), Essai sur les Cossyphides. 2nde

partie. 8vo. 1846.

Rev. F. W. Hope ..Bruyn (Le), Travels in Muscovy, Persia, &c. 2 vols. in 1.

Folio. 1757.

The Author ........ Burmeister, Genera Insectorum. Nos. 8, 9.

Ditto. ..0-.-cee0e Handbuch der Entomologie, Vol. 4, part 1.

The Editor ........The Calcutta Journal of Natural History. Edited by Dr.

MacClelland. Parts 13—16.

The Author........ Costa, Monografia deg’ Insetti ospitanti sull’ Olivo. 2d edition.

DittOpeciias:. eheials (Achille), Cimicum Regni Neapolitani Centuria 2da.

Dec. 1—5.

DittOjo.2 01:60 oe s0:016 Storia completa del’ Entomibia apum [ Braula

ceca Nilzsch.] 4to.

Ditto....+..+++...——_—_——_ Saggio d’ una Monografia delle Specie de Genere

Opthalmicus.

Rev. F. W. Hope ..Cotte, Extrait des Mémoires sur 1’Education des Abeilles.

IDM S 6 Goan aC ---»Cyclopedia. By Rees. 4to. Complete.

Rev. F. W. Hope -..Dandolo, Sur les Vers a Soie.

Ditto............De Geer, Mémoires sur les Insectes. Vols. 1, 2.

Ditto............Dejean, Catalogue de la Collection de Coléoptéres. Paris.

1821. 8vo.

Ditto...........-.- Dictionnaire, Nouveau, d’Hist. Nat. 36 vols. 8vo.

Ditto............Drury’s Madagascar. lvol. 8vo. 1807.

IDI Bs Gnoe bok - -»Dubcse, Méthode avantageuse de gouverner les Abeilles,

Rev. F. W. Hope ..Earl’s Eastern Seas.

IWiMeaS Gonoon o6 .- Edwards (Bryan), History of the British Colonies in the West

Indies. 4to. 1801.

The Author ........ Evans (W. F.), An Illustrated Monograph of the British Libel-

lulide. 12mo.

Rev. F. W. Hope ..Flanders, Voyage to the Terra Australis.

IDO airs Ablooes -.Forrests, Voyage to New Guinea.

PD) 1bfOrtayetsreretelalelelsie Fortis, Travels in Dalmatia.

DITO: teusisusrs trslele eis Fraser, Travels in Russia. 1 vol. 4to. 1826.

The Society ........Geneva. Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d’Hist. Nat.

de Geneve. Tom. 10, parts 1,2. Tom. 11, part 1.

M. Pictet........+..Geneve, Archives des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles de.

Nos. 4,5. 1846.

since 1844. XV

Rev. F, W. Hope ..Geoffroy, Hist. Abrégée des Insectes. 2 vols. 4to, 1762.

E. Charlesworth, Esq. Geological Journal, The London. No. 1.

The Author ........Glaineuse, La. No. 1.

The Author........Goodsir, Description of the Genus Cuma and two new allied

Genera.

Ditto...........-———— _ on the Genera Cetochilus and Ireneus.

Ditto..........++-————. Observations on Seminal Fluid and Generative Organs

of Crustacea.

Ditto............-————— on the Sexes, reproductive Organs and development

of the Cirrepedes.

Rev. F. W. Hope ..Gosse, Canadian Naturalist. 8vo.

Ditto............Gravenhorst (H. Steffans), Monita quedam de Speciebus nigris

Ichneumonum. 4to.

1D ito Se ey Griffith, Travels in Europe, Asia Minor and Arabia. 4to. 1805.

The Author ........Guérin Ménéville, Memoir on Insects destructive to various

kinds of Grain.

Ditto............-———- ———- Concours pour de bonnes Observations sur

les Insectes nuisibles. 8vo.

Ditto............———_--» ———- Note sur les Acariens, Myriapodes, Insectes,

&c. observées dans les Pommes de Terre Malades. 8vo.

pamphlets.

Rev. F. W. Hope ..Hamilton, Account of Nepaul. 4to. 1819.

Ditto............Huish, The Cottager’s Manual for the Education of Bees.

Ditto saris niele « ».-Humboldt, Zoologie. I vol. 4to. 1811.

The Author ........Hutton (Capt.), Remarks on the Cultivation of Silk in India.

Rev. F. W. Hope ..Irwin’s Travels. 1 vol. 8vo.

Rey. F. W. Hope ..James, Journal of a Tour in Germany, Sweden, &c. 2 vols.

8vo. 1819.

The Editor ....... -Journal, The London Physiological. Vol. 1. Nos. 2, 3, and 5.

Ditto. 6 chet» les =ieis/* Journal of Boston Society of Natural History. See Boston.

IDNtisd oon Gogmde Journal of Royal Agricultural Society. See Agricultural Society,

Royal.

Rey. F. W. Hope ..Juarro’s, Statistical History of Guatemala. 8vo. 1823.

Rev. F. W. Hope ..Lambard, Manners of Asia, Africa, and America.

ND AECO\ are = 202 «cele s Lambert’s Travels through Canada. 2 vols. 8vo. 1813.

DattO cs. «3's «6 .-.Laughton’s Ancient Egypt. 1 vol. 4to.

The Society ........ Leeds, Annual Report of Philosophical Society of. 1842—1846.

Rev. F. W. Hope ..Lempriere’s Tour.

Ditton «ins .+».+.+.+.Leuwenhoeck’s Works. 1 vol. 4to.

Ditto............Light, Travels in Egypt, Nubia, &c. 1818. 4to.

The Society........Lille, Mémoires de la Société Royale de. 1839. 2nde partie.

. Ditto............—— Distribution des Prix de la Société Royale de Lille.

The Ent. Verein of Stettin.. Linnaa Entomologica. 8vo. Vol. 1.

XV1 ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY

The Society ........Linnzan Society, Transactions of. Vol. 17, part 4. Vol. 18,

E parts 1—4. Vol. 19, parts 1—4. Vol. 20, part 1.

Ditto... .ecececece Proceedings of, for 1839—1846.

IDK shoo apace — Lists of the Members.

Rev. F. W. Hope ..Linnzi, Fauna Suecica.

Dittmer iciectele ariel Museum Regine.

Ditto............-Lippinet, Traité de |’Education des Abeilles.

The Society ........Lyons, Annales de la Société Royale des Sciences Physiques et

Naturelles de Lyon. Tom. 5 (January, 1843), 6, 7.

Rev. F. W. Hope ..MacLeod’s Voyage of the Alceste to Lewchew. 8vo. 1818.

The Author..... . »»Macquart, Diptéres Exotiques. Tom. 2, Part 3.

The Author........ Mannerheim, Description de quelques nouvelles Espéces Colé-

opteres de Finlande.

UDitEOlie wisietereteietel=is Mémoire sur la Récolte d’Insectes Coléopteres faite

en 1848.

Ditton seers cates

(M. le Comte), Revue Critique de quelques ouvrages

recentes de M. Victor de Molchoulsky.

Nachtrag der Kaefer Fauna der Aleu-

tischen Inseln und d. Inseln Sitka.

Rev. F. W. Hope ..A large Map of the World on a roller.

Ditto............Martin’s Tonga Islands. 2 vols. 8vo. 1818.

The Society ..... .-» Moscow, Bulletin de la Soc. Imper. des Naturalistes de. 5 Nos.

1844.

Ditto..........+.Nouveaux Mémoires de la Soc. Imper. des Naturalistes de

Moscow. Tom.7. 4to.

Rev. F. W. Hope ..Motraye’s Voyages. 3 vols. Folio.

Witton sine ate ee

The Author........ Murchison, R.I., Anniversary Address delivered to the Geo-

logical Society for 1843.

Dittoeeni. - eeeeee————-——— Meeting of British Association at South-

ampton, Address delivered at the.

Major Leconte......Natural History of New York, Annals of Lyceum of. Vol. 4,

part 5.

Rev. F. W. Hope ..Norden’s Travels. 2 vois. 4to.

Ditto..........--Nutt on the Management of Bees.

Rev. F. W. Hope ..Percival, Account of Ceylon. 4to. 1805.

Ditto............-Philosophical Magazine. 1814. 2 Vols.

ID ittGierere aes «+ ---Philosophy, Annals of. 1813—1822.

The Author........Pictet, Monographie des Insectes Neuroptéres Ephemérines.

Part 3, to the end.

The Author ......-.Planchon (J. E.), Histoire d’une Larve aquatique du genre

Simulium. Montpellier, 1844.

Rev. F. W. Hope ..Plumptre, Travels in Southern Africa. 4to. 1812.

Ditto ctetaye sisi celles Polack, Manners and Customs of New Zealand. 2 vols. 8vo.

Ditto...........-Pulteney’s Life of Linneus. 20 vols.

The Author ........Putzeys, Premices Entomologiques. 8vo.

DD ittO\ste cersieleieleierers

Monographie des Clivines et Genres Voisins. 8vo.

sINcEe 1844, XVil

Rev. F. W. Hope ..Radouan, Petit Manuel des Propriétaires d’Abeilles. 12mo.

1821.

Ditto............Ray, The Wisdom of God in the Works of Creation. 8vo.

1735.

Dittoe 25-3. .»-»Raynall’s Kast and West Indies. Vols. 1—6.

WP ILtOlsralevon eter sor slesi~

History of the Settlements in the East and West Indies.

8 vols. 8vo. 1768.

(UU ORGY ERROBonE Reaumur, Memoires pour servir a |’Histoire des Insectes. 4to.

1740, Vol. 5.

PEGs sc 0.6 t's 3 ..+»Redi, Poesie Toscane. 8vo. 1822.

The Author........Reich (Dr.C.), Lehrbuch der Practischen Heilkunde. Band

1& 2.

The Society .....-.. Twenty-fourth Report of the Royal Institution of Cornwall.

The Society ........ Royal Society, Philosophical Transactions of. 1843, parts 1, 2.

1844, parts 1, 2.

Ditto............-——_- ———-- Proceedings of, for 1842 and 1843.

Rev. F. W. Hope ..Sandwich (Earl of), Voyage round the Mediterranean. 4to.

1799.

The Author........Schonherr, Synonymia Insectorum Curcul, Tom, 6, part 2.

Tom. 8, parts I, 2.

Rev. F. W. Hope ..Seba, The Plates to his Thesaurus.

pine AUOHOP. fo. os ss De Selys Longchamps (M. le Baron Edouard), Five Memoirs

on Libellulide, extracted from the Bulletins de 1’Académie

Royale de Bruxelles.

—————— Communication au

Sujet des Phénomenes Periodiques.

APDULO)aieiisie eierere’ sie o/s =

Enumeration des

DittOe iss toe saa

Insectes Lépidopteres de la Belgique.

Ditto..........+.-———— - --—— Monographie des

Libellulidées d’Europe. Paris. 1840.

Rev. F. W. Hope ..Sibbald, Scotia Illustrata.

The Author...... . Siebold (Von), Entomological Notices.

Rey. F. W. Hope ..Silkworms, L’Educazione de Bachi da Seta. Milan, 1840.

Ditto............—————_ Manuel Populaire pour l’Education de Vers a Soie.

Tarascon. 1843.

1OWiiNoAiSo woot oc ————— Le Magnanier infaiJlable, ou Traité de |’Education

des Vers a Soie. Paris. 1838.

Ditto........5...——————._ Prospetto demonstrativo dell’ Educazione attiva de

Bachi da Seta (Plate).

Ditto... .+e00+..————= Dialoghi de Bachi da Seta.

Ditto.......6....—————— La Science de la Sétifere.

Ditto.,..........——-——__ Culture de la Soie.

Ditto............————— Maladies des Vers a Soie, par Sudes.

The Society ........Notice of Premiums offered by the Society for the Encourage-

ment of Arts, &c., for the Sessions 1845—1847.

Rev. F. W. Hope ..Sparrman, Voyage to the Cape of Good Hope. 2 vols. 4to.

1786.

VOL. IV. b

XVIil ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY SINCE 1844.

‘The Society ........Entomologisehe Zeitung. Herausgegeben von dem Entomol.

Verein zu Stettin. 1840—1845.

Rev. F. W. Hope ..Stillingfleet’s Tracts.

IDSs anoaros Swan River News, for 1844, 1845. 8vo.

Rev. F. W. Hope ..Thunberg, Travels. Vols. 1—4.

IDKH@56 o5.0ndadaK0 Tuckey, Narrative of Voyage to the Congo. 4to.

PD ittOlree se espe -»+- Turner, Account of Embassy to Thibet. 4to. 1806.

Rey. F. W. Hope ..Van der Linden, Monographie Libellulinarum Europearum

Specimen. 8yvo. 1825.

J. Van Voorst......Catalogue of British Vertebrated Animals.

Rev. F. W. Hope ..Anonymous. Voyage de |’Afrique.

ADIttOWte etelele fe eleleyare —————— Voyage to China and the East Indies. 2 vols.

Dittovverctete «letclets i ——-——-— Voyage a l’Isle de France.

pW ittomrertr eee ee ee-——-—-—— Voyage to the East Indies. I vol. 4to.

The Author........ Walker, List of Chalcidideous Hymenoptera in the Collection

of the British Museum. 12mo.

Rev. F. W. Hope ..Watken’s Voyage to Madras. lvol. 8vo.

The Author........White (A.), Descriptions of New Coleoptera and Hymenoptera

from China, &e.

TDbo.coce didle .+s—————._ Entomological Notices, from Annals of Natural

History.

Rev. F. W. Hope ..Withering’s Botany. 3 vols. 8vo. 1787.

The Society ........ Zoological Society, T'ransactions. Vol. 3, Parts 2 and 3.

Ditto... ee ee ee ee Proceedings for 1843—1846.

Ditto x yeree s 1ae'e's .———- ———_-—— Report of Council for 1843—1846.

Rev. F. W. Hope .. Portrait of Bonelli.

Ditto..........+-Lwo Glazed Book Cases.

Ditto...........-A Large Rolling Map of the World, fixed in the Meeting Rooin

of the Society.

Ditto....eeee++eeA Glazed and Framed Portiait of Linneus, placed over the

President’s Chair in the Meeting Room. (Presented on the

5th May, 1845, whereupon it was resolved that an especial

vote of thanks should be given to the Donor for the numerous

and valuable presents made by him to the Society.)

Gtx )

ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTIONS

FROM THE Ist JANUARY, 1844, TO THE 31st DECEMBER, 1846.

A large Box of British Crustacea ..... a sisibiinie oe: sleiais © -++++Rev. F. W. Hope.

Various Crustacea from New Zealand and Swan River.......- Ditto.

Fifty-four Bottles containing Insects and Larve in Spirits .... Ditto.

A Box of Insects from Naples...... esis leieiafeie es aiieiefaserekeheteners Ditto.

A series of Specimens and Casts of Trilobites .....sseeeeees Ditto.

A number of Insects in Spirits from Florence and Pisa...... . W.C. Trevelyan, Esq.

A Specimen of Honey-comb, with a Queen Bee’s Cell, con-

structed out of a Neuter Cell ........... eve scescceess- ROb.-Golding, Esq.

A Box of Coleoptera from Cape Palmas, presented through the

Rev. F. W. Hope............. sei oleh sfakatelt-lele el aleltroteiereler sie Rev. T. Savage.

Specimens of Crustacea, from the Pacific Ocean......... .....Rev. F. W. Hope.

A Specimen of Pseudopsis sulcatus ....eeeeensseereeeceeees A, H, Haliday, Esq.

Specimens of Arpedium subpubescens ...+++eeceeseeee aiitelscn Ditto.

Specimens of Pelophila Borealis and of various minute Diptera

and Hymenoptera... ..cesesrerserseceesrssceressvevene Ditto.

TRANSACTIONS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF

LONDON.

I. On the Habits of Megachile centuncularis. By GrorcE

Newport, F.R.C.S. &c. President of the Entomological

Society.

[Read 5 September, 1842. ]

So much attention has been paid by naturalists to the habits and

economy of the Hymenoptera, that it has now become difficult for

any one to detail the results of his observations on the well known

families of this order, without subjecting himself to the chance

of being regarded by the superficial hypereritic as only re-stating

what does not require further investigation. But so varied are

the circumstances that influence the habits of every species, that

almost every one is enabled to add something, even to the best

established facts.

Every carefully pursued investigation, therefore, is of value,

although its principal facts may be well known, since it is only

by the most attentive and repeated observations that we can hope

to become fully acquainted with the habits of any one species,

and be enabled to arrive at some conclusion in regard to the cause

of the variations which are constantly taking place in the pro-

ceedings of these interesting “ little miniatures of creation.”

With this feeling I am induced to lay before the Society some

/ VOL. Iv. B

A

'

2 Mr. Newport on the

observations made by myself on a curious deviation from its usual

habits by the common leaf-cutter-bee—

Megachile centuncularis.

On the morning of the 19th June, 1829, I observed one of

these busy little creatures conveying alternately portions of rose-

leaves, and of some other material, which, at first, I could not

identify, to a hole in a brick wall in our garden, where she was

constructing her nest. The whitened and singular appearance of

this new material induced me to watch her proceedings, to ascer-

tain its nature. The quantity conveyed by her was fully equal to

that of the rose-leaves, and it seemed to be regarded by her with

quite as much attention. On examining her proceedings very

closely, which I had an opportunity of doing, as the nest was ad-

vanced towards the entrance of the hole, I was much amused at

the precision with which she seemed to adjust her materials. On

one occasion, after being for some time engaged in the hole, she

came to the entrance for a few seconds, and seemed as if survey-

ing the interior, and then again proceeded to the bottom of the cell.

After she had remained there for some time, she suddenly brought

out a piece of the white material and dropped it on the outside of

the nest as if unfitted for her purpose, and then flew away, and

in a few moments afterwards returned with a portion of rose-leaf.

On examining the material rejected by her, I was surprised to

find that it was a little piece of cotton cloth, very finely carded, or

picked to pieces, and which I at first supposed had been substi-

tuted for some other material usually employed by her. In the

early part of the following day she had made good progress

with her labour; I saw her at work very soon after four o’clock

in the morning, when she was bringing in rose-leaves, and also

cotton, as on the previous day, with great assiduity; and she con-

tinued to do so until about ten o’clock, after which I missed her

for nearly two hours. At that time I suspect she was engaged in

the business of oviposition. The interior of the nest seemed

then to have been nearly completed, and the hole was partially

lined with cotton at its entrance. Soon after twelve o'clock I

again saw her; she was then heavily laden with pollen. At one

o’clock her activity was increased, and rose-leaves alone were then

conveyed to the hole with great rapidity, and continued to be so

until the nest was completed. At this stage of her labours I

carefully noted the length of time that elapsed from the moment

of her leaving the nest to her return to it laden with rose-leaf,

and was astonished to find that it never exceeded forty-five seconds,

Habits of Megachile Centuncularis. 3

and very frequently not more than thirty seconds ; although, as T

afterwards discovered the rose-bush from which, from the direc-

tion of her flight, she seemed to have cut the leaves, she must

have flown at least a quarter of a furlong and back again, besides

having to cut her material of its proper shape. Now if we allow

only one-third of the whole time to have been employed in cutting

the leaf, which certainly is less than that usually occupied in this

labour, her velocity of flight could never have been less than at

the rate of a mile in six or seven minutes, and often in less than

three minutes and fifty seconds.

At three o’clock in the afternoon her labour was completed.

She had then closed the entrance to the nest, and had also filled

up part of the hole with rose-leaves. After taking a survey of

the spot she flew away, but in a few seconds returned, as if to

press down the leaves a little closer, and then deliberately left the

place, and proceeded in search of another hole in the same wall

for a repetition of her labours. I then secured this interesting

little creature as an acceptable specimen for my cabinet.

On the 17th of July, twenty-seven days from the completion of

the nest, I removed the bricks from the wall for the purpose of

examining it. On separating two bricks, between which the nest

was built, I found that the hole extended in a horizontal direction

about five inches, and that it contained four centuncules, each of

which was occupied by a full grown larva, that was spinning a

cocoon of brown silk, preparatory to changing to a nymph. But

what now excited my admiration was the instinct exhibited by the

parent in the construction of her nest. The base of the hole

being full of cavities, and altogether uneven, the little architect

had remedied these defects by filling them with the cotton she had

been so actively conveying to the spot, until the interior of the

hole presented an even surface, around which she then placed the

rose-leaves, the materials usually employed by her. I could not

help feeling that this was one of those admirable variations of

instinct which ought to make us hesitate when we are told that

insects, and the higher orders of invertebrated animals, are not

endowed with faculties which approach somewhat closely to that

of reason.

B2

4 Rey. F. W. Hope on the

II. On the Entomology of China, with Descriptions of the

new Species sent to England by Dr. Cantor from Chusan

and Canton. By the Rev. F. W. Hors, F.R.S. &e.

[Read 7 March, 1842.]

Very little is known of the Entomology of China. Our countryman

Donovan, in the year 1798, published a quarto volume containing

descriptions of twenty-five Coleoptera, besides various insects of

other Orders. It is, I believe, the only work exclusively devoted

to Chinese insects. The descriptions of the species, according to

the taste of that day, are decidedly too laconic, so much so that

without the accompanying plates it would be difficult in several

instances to recognize the insects intended. The plates, however,

are well worthy of Donovan, and exhibit a richness of colouring

which has rarely, if ever, been surpassed. In the continental

works of Entomologists some Chinese insects occasionally will be

found described, but the number is but small. I believe that in

the catalogue of the Baron De Jean scarcely 100 species are

noticed as occurring there; now, allowing another century of

species to be included in the writings of other authors, we shall

then have the paltry amount of 200 Coleoptera, which aye all that

can be mentioned as inhabiting one of the most considerable of

eastern empires. It should here be mentioned that a large pro-

portion of East Indian insects are common to China, and there-

fore the number of known species might be greatly increased.

That the Chinese Fauna will eventually prove to be rich cannot

be doubted. As to the number of species and abundance of indi-

viduals no paucity will ever be discovered. It may then fairly be

deduced from the foregoing remarks, that we know scarcely any-

thing of China entomologically. The acquisition therefore of fifty

new Coleoptera is certainly an important addition to that Fauna.

Sorry am I to add that the bulk of these were collected by Dr.

Cantor just after a recovery from the Chusan fever, with which

he was severely attacked. ‘ They are,” as he states in his letters,

** chiefly from two localities, Chusan and Canton, and I could wish

that they were more numerous and valuable. No one can form

an idea what I suffered in collecting them, and, when collected,

the difficulty of keeping them from mould and accident was no

trifling matter. Pray let them be described, if it is only to con-

vince others that zeal for science and assiduity on my part have

not been wanting.’ In accordance with Dr. Cantor’s wish I have

described fifty new Coleoptera, Dr. Horsfield has kindly under-

Entomology of China, &c. 5

taken the Lepidoptera, and it is hoped that the remaining Orders,

containing but few species, will not be neglected by those members

of this Society who are capable of describing them. In conclud-

ing these brief remarks I have only to add, that since a renewal

of our acquaintance with Chinese forms has commenced, it will

be well not to neglect them; there are several naturalists able

and willing to collect for us, and it is but just that their exertions

and labours should be recorded in describing for them what they

have amassed.

To what more valuable Entomological region can we look than

China: let us speak of the unknown regions between the Bay of

Bengal on one side, and the Chinese sea on the other, and, next,

the territories between Pekin on the north and Singapore on the

south, we shall there find a sufficiency of climate, soil, mountain,

forest, jungle, lake, and land; in short, all that the most fastidious

can desire. It is in those extended limits of the east that much,

very much, may be expected, and I would here designate them as

holding out a Sofala or an Eldorado to the Entomologist. It is

reported that the discovery of silk was first made in those regions,

There the manufacture of it has flourished for centuries, and still

it flourishes in perfection. It is there we may obtain raw silk

sufficient to glut the European markets. There also we shall find

the Cochineal and Lac insects, abundance of honey and wax, and

why may not galls of commerce and other insectal products be

confidently expected? such indeed as may tend to the promotion

of arts and sciences; in a word, few countries of the world are so

immensely rich in the treasures of nature as China, and as the

arts have derived much benefit from thence, let us see if science,

and particularly the science of Entomology, cannot equally be

benefited.

Descriptions of the New Coleoptera sent from Chusan

by Dr. Cantor.

Lucanus.

Sp. 1. Lucanus Confucius, Hope.

é Niger, nitidus, mandibulis capite thoraceque fere aequalibus.

Long. lin. 28, lat. lin. 7.

Caput depressum, clypeo in medio producto, flavo-ciliato.

Thorax transverse oblongus, angulis posticis oblique trun-

6 Rev. F. W. Hope on the

catis, granulatus. Elytra nigra, nitida, fere glabra, marginibus

externis elevatis. Corpus infra concolor, punctatum, pro-

sterno inter pedes anticos hastato et acuto, Pedes femori-

bus anticis parum robustis, Tibiz anteriores multidentate,

quatuor posticis in medio unispinosis.

@ Foemina nigra, nitida, differt mandibulis brevibus, intus

unidentatis, apicibus acutis; capite subvarioloso, thoraceque

punctulato.

The female is generally brighter than the male, and resembles

jet; and yet, when examined under a lens, it is more punctured

than is the case with the male.

Sp. 2. Copris Sinicus, Hope.

Niger, exscutellatus, thorace prominentia duplici, cornu capitis

erecto, intus ad basin 2-denticulato.

$ Long. lin. 10, lat. lin. 53.

Clypeus rotundatus et emarginatus, cornu erecto, apice acuto,

ad basin scabro et 2-denticulato. Thorax ater, nitidus, sub

lente tenuissime punctatus, in medio prominentia duplici,

lineaque longitudinali fortiter impressa insignitus, Elytra

8-striato-punctata, punctis striarum valde impressis. Corpus

infra nigrum et nitidum, femoribus subcompressis et punc-

tatis.

The above species is somewhat allied to Copris Sabeus, Fab. ;

it is, however, evidently distinct, and appears to be undescribed.

Sp. 3. Copris Simensis, Hope.

Niger, exscutellatus, clypeo emarginato, capite tuberculo lato

armato.

Long. lin. 9, lat. lin. 43.

Mus adhuc latet.

Thorax punctulatus, linea longitudinali punctata e medio dorsi

ad suturam vergente, angulis anticis rotundatis. Elytra

striato-punctata, pedibus valde compressis, sparsimque punc-

tatis.

The above insect is apparently the female of a Chinese species,

with the male of which we are unacquainted.

Sp. 4. Onthophagus Sinicus, Hope.

Niger, antennis luteis, clypeo integro, capite cornu tauriformi.

Long. lin. 44, lat. lin. 2}.

Thorax punctulatus. Elytra striato-punctata, interstitiis disci

Entomology of China, §c. 7

punctatis. Podex semicircularis, margine elevato. Corpus

infra nigrum et nitidum, pedibus atro-piceis.

Foemina differt capite inermi, thorace prominentia lata insig-

nito, lateribus subtuberculatis, angulis anticis subacutis.

Tt is with a doubt that I give the latter as the other sex of

Sinicus. The sculpture of the elytra and thorax of both male and

female accord tolerably well.

XyLorTruPipz, Hope.

Direticus, Hope.

Corpus oblongo-ovatum, convexum. Caput parvum, vertice cornu

erecto breviarmatum. Mandibule subtriangulares, depresse,

inermes. Maaille intus tridentate, dente basali lato tri-

denticulato, apice lato rotundato subbifido. Palpi maxillares

formze ordinariz. Mentum subparallelum, apice rotundato

et parum angustiori. Palpi labiales valde securiformes. dn-

tenn 10-articulate, articulis 6 et 7 praecedentibus latioribus,

ultimis tribus clavam formantibus. Pedes breves robusti,

posticis 4 metatarsis dilatatis, calcariis pedum 2 posticorum

latis. Prothorax inermis.

Sp. 5. Dipelicus Cantori, Hope. (Plate I. fig. 1.)

Piceus, capite antice trigono, postice cornu elevato triangulari.

Long. lin. 19, lat. lin. 83.

Thorax convexus, varioloso-punctatus, marginibus undique

elevatis. Elytra atro-picea, lineato-punctata, sutura lata in-

signita. Corpus infra rubro-piceum, femoribus rufis capillis

obsitis. Pectus hirsutum. Segmentis abdominis punctatis

et rufo-ciliatis.

[Plate I. fig. 1, the insect of the natural size; 1b, mandible; Lc, maxilla ;

1d, mentum and labial palpi; 1 e, antenne.]

The above insect is named in honour of Dr. Cantor, who has

enriched the Entomological Society’s Cabinet with a series of

duplicates from Chusan.

Sp. 6. Mimela Downsii, Hope.

Affinis Mimele glabre, Hope, at minor.

Long. lin. 6, lat. lin. 3.

Totum corpus supra viride et glabrum, antennis atro-virescenti-

bus, infra aurato-viride. Mesosternum abrupte truncatum.

Pectus et segmenta abdominis capillis flavescentibus obsita,

pedibus aureo-virescentibus tarsisque nigris.

This is the smallest species known.

8 Rev. F. W. Hope on the

Sp. 7. Popillia Maclellandi, Hope.

Castanea, capite punctulato, thorace glabro cupreo, elytris

castaneis, podice atro, maculis duabus flavis, e pilis brevibus

formatis.

Long. lin. 7, lat. lin. 33.

Corpus infra cupreum, flavescentibus capillis dense obsitum.

Pedes femoribus tibiisque cupreo-ceneis, tarsis antennisque

piceis.

The above insect is the largest Asiatic Popillia that is known;

it is named in honour of Dr. Maclelland.

Sp. 8. Popillia castanoptera, Hope.

Castanea, clypeo integro punctato, parum reflexo, viridi.

Long. lin, 5, lat. lin. 23.

Thorax concolor, crebrissime punctulatus, fossula utrinque

impressa. Scutellum punctatum. LElytra pallide castanea,

striato-punctata, striis et punctis haud fortiter insculptis.

Corpus infra viride, pectore segmentisque abdominis utrinque

albidis capillis obsitis, Pedes femoribus tibiisque viridibus,

tarsisque piceis.

Popillia is very rich in species; more than double the number

already described have fallen under my notice.

Hoxorricia, Kirby.

Sp. 9. Holotricha Sinensis, Hope.

Picea, clypeo emarginato, thorace convexo pruinoso, fossula

utrinque impressa, marginibusque externis subserratis.

Long. lin, 10, lat. lin. 43.

Elytra rubro-picea, punctatissima. Corpus infra concolor,

pectore flavis capillis obsito, abdomine valde convexo, tumido,

punctato et nitido. Pedes picei, tarsis pallidioribus.

Sp. 10. Holotricha plumbea, Hope.

Totum corpus supra et infra pruinoso colore tectum.

Long. lin. 102, lat. lin. 43.

Caput clypeo fere integro, Thorax convexus, punctulatus,

lateribus sub lente parum subserratis. Elytra plumbeo-

picea, punctata, quibusdam lineis insignita. Corpus infra

Entomology of China, &c. 9

concolor, abdomine valde deflexo, tumido; pedibus piceis,

tarsis pallidioribus.

The species of Holotricha of Kirby abound in the East Indies,

I possess about twenty species from the British Presidencies, and

know of at least the same number in our metropolitan collections.

Sp. 11. Serica Sinica, Hope.

Atro-plumbea, clypeo integro, antice punctulato, postice glabro.

Long. lin. 4, lat. lin. 23.

Thorax marginibus parum elevatis. Elytra plumbea, seu atro-

pruinosa, lineolata, lineis haud distinctis. Corpus infra

atro-piceum, femoribus pallidioribus et compressis, tibiis tar-

sisque piceis.

The metropolis of Serica is the East Indies; the numerous

species from those parts of the world which are undescribed are

considerable; more than twenty, from different localities, in my

collection, are yet undescribed.

ELATERIDE.

Acrypnus, Eschcholtz.

Sp. 12. Agrypnus orientalis, Hope.

Affinis 4. ccenoso Hope, at major.

Long. lin. 9, lat. lin. 3.

Fuscus, flavisque capillis aspersus. Clypeus integer, auricomus.

Thorax angulis anticis obtusis, disco in medio 2-tuberculato,

Elytra striata, flavisque minutis capillis irrorata. Corpus

infra concolor, antennis aurantiis pedibusque rubro-piceis.

Luoivs, Latreille.

Sp. 13. Ludius crocopus, Hope.

Fuscus, antennis concoloribus.

Long. lin. 7, lat. lin. 2.

Thorax angulis posticis valde acutis, tomentosus. Elytra

striata, striis sub lente parum punctatis. Corpus infra

fuscum, pedibus croceis.

Sp. 14. Ludius luterpes, Hope.

Affinis Z. umbracole Eschscholtz, at minor.

Long. lin. 54, lat. lin. 13.

Niger, antennis flavescentibus. Thorax albo-tomentosus. Elytra

striato-punctata, nigricantia. Corpus infra concolor, pedibus

flavo-testaceis.

10 Rey, F. W. Hope on the

Sp. 15. Ludius 4-lineatus, Hope.

Castaneus, thorace nigro, elytris quatuor lineis nigris insig-

nitis.

Long. lin. 43, lat. lin. 13.

Antennz nigrze, capite concolori. Thorax ater, capillis flavis

aspersus. Elytra castanea, interne et externe linea lata

nigra insignita. Corpus infra piceum, pedibus flavescenti-

bus.

Of the three species of Ludius described, two only strictly belong

to that genus; as it may be considered at present as a magazine

genus, I do not attempt its subdivisions, to one of which the last

species belongs.

LAMPYRIDZ.

CoLoprHortia.

Sp. 16. Colophotia flavida, Hope.

Affinis C. preuste Eschscholtz.

Long. lin. 43, lat. lin, 13.

Flava, capite atro, oculis magnis. ‘Thorax convexus, concolor,

angulis posticis subacutis, medio disci linea fortiter impressa

insignito. Elytra flavescentia, apicibus subfuscis. Corpus

infra flavum, femoribus concoloribus, tibiis tarsisque nigris.

Sp. 17. Lycus Cantori, Hope.

Aurantius, antennis fusco-nigris.

Long. lin. 33, lat. lin. 1.

Thorax flavidus, cruce nigricanti insignitus. Elytra tota aurantia,

substriata, marginibus elevatis. Corpus infra nigrum, femo-

ribus antice testaceis, postice fuscis, tibiis tarsisque nigri-

cantibus.

Sp. 18. Nacerdes Chinensis, Hope.

Flava, capite nigro, antennis duobus primis articulis fuscis,

reliquis flavescentibus.

Long. lin. 53, lat. lin. 1}.

Thorax cum elytris concolor, horum apicibus nigris, Corpus

infra flavum, tibiis tarsisque nigricantibus,

Entomology of China, &c. 11

Sp. 19. Lagria nigricollis, Hope.

Flava; antennis, capite, thoraceque nigris; elytris pallide casta-

neis, villosis. Corpus infra piceum, pedibus concoloribus.

Long. lin. 3, lat. lin, 14.

LonGicorNEs.

Sp. 20. Hamaticherus Cantori, Hope.

Affinis Hamatich. Paridi, Wiedemann. Magnus, fusco-brunneus,

sericeus, elytrisque corpore longioribus.

Long. lin. 26, lat. lin. 63.

Caput porrectum, fronte foveolata. Thorax fortiter rugosus,

utrinque armatus, lined media longitudinali valde incisd

insignitus. Elytra fusco-sericea, aureola pubescentia tecta,

apicibus subtruncatis, suturaque acuminata. Corpus infra

concolor.

The above insect, in magnitude, is one of the largest species

known, and, like other Hamaticheri, it is subject to vary greatly in

size; it is named in honour of Dr. Cantor, to whom the Ento-

mological Society is much indebted for a series of insects from

the locality of Chusan.

Trriracuys, Hope.

Genus novum Hamatichero affine.

Caput porrectum, fronte rugosa. Antenne 11-articulate,

articulo Imo crasso, valde rugoso ; 2do minimo; 3tio, 4to, et

5to spinis armatis ; quinque sequentibus gradatim longioribus

et inermibus, extimo longissimo ternis pracedentibus haud

zequali. Thorax utrinque armatus rugisque transversis im-

pressus. Elytra apicibus 2-spinosis, marginibus elevatis.

Pedes femoribus tiblisque compressis. ‘Tarsi articulis cordi-

formibus, duobus primis simplicibus, ultimo subbilobato

auricomato.

Sp. 21. Lrurachys orientalis.

Magnus, brunneus et aurato-sericeus.

Long. lin. 21, lat. lin. 63.

Antenne pice. Thorax utrinque armatus et rugosus, dorso

binis sulcis longitudinaliter impressis.~ Elytra late sericea,

apicibus 2-spinosis. Corpus infra piceum, sericeisque capillis

obsitum. Pedes femoribus tibiisque piceis, tarsisque auri-

comatis.

i have thought fit to constitute the above insect the type of a

2 Rev. F. W. Hope on the

new genus, as it does not accord with Paris of Wiedemann, and

any of its congeners, The peculiarity of the above genus Is

having three joints of its antenne armed, which in the other sex

is wanting. The oriental Hamaticheri require subdivision, the

characters of which may be derived chiefly from the antenne as

well as from the presence or absence of armature. In our Me-

tropolitan Cabinets three or four other species will be found.

Sp. 22. Monohammus alternatus, Hope.

Affinis M. dentatori Fab. at minor.

Long. lin. 10, lat. lin. 14.

Griseo-brunneus, thorace spinoso, elytris cinereo, brunneo,

glaucoque nebulosis, Corpus infra concolor.

Sp. 23. Oplophora Horsfieldu. (Plate I. fig. 2.)

Nigra, flavo-variegata, antennis albo-cingulatis.

Long. lin. 20, lat. lin. 8.

Thorax utrinque spinosus ater, lineis binis flavis longitudinali-

bus insignitus. Elytra duodecim maculis flavis notatis.

Corpus infra atrum, nitidum, pectore flavido, segmentisque

abdominis utrinque flavo-maculatis. Pedes nigri, tibiis in

medio atro-pilosis.

Sp. 24. Cassida piperata, Hope.

Flava, antennis concoloribus, quatuor ultimis articulis nigri-

cantibus.

Long. lin, 24, lat. lin. 13.

Thorax fere hyalinus, flavus, macula minuté nigra in medio

disci posita. Elytra flava, disco nigro-piperato. Corpus

infra nigrum, nitidum, pedibus flavescentibus.

Sp. 25. Clythra nigrifrons.

Aurantia, capite nigro, thorace flavo immaculato.

Long. lin. 3, lat. lin. 13.

Elytra rubro-flava, humeris atro-maculatis, fascidque nigro-

violaced ante apicem posita. Corpus infra pectore flavescenti,

abdomine nigro, argenteisque capillis obsito, pedibus atris.

The above insect is subject to vary considerably ; some speci-

mens are nearly all yellow, with a small humeral spot, others

again have no fascia near the apex of the elytra, and occasionally

the fascia is subdivided into smali black lines and irregular black

spots.

Frans. Ent. Soc. Vol IV, PLL.

Entomology of China, &c. 13

Sp. 26. Coccinella 18-spilota.

Flava, binis maculis irregularibus nigris notata, elytris 18-spi-

lotis, macula scutellari communi. Corpus flavum, pectore

nigricanti, pedibusque flavescentibus.

] 1 ] ont

Long. lin. 33, lat. lin. 24.

The above species is also subject to great variation; in some

specimens the thorax is entirely black.

Sp. 27. Coccinella succinea.

Succineo-flava, thorace pallidiori, maculis quatuor in medio disci

nigris.

Long. lin. 3, lat. lin. 2.

Elytra immaculata. Corpus infra flavum, pedibus concoloribus.

Sp. 28. Coccinella tetraspilota.

Flava, thorace antice flavo, postice nigro.

Long. lin. 24, lat. lin. 13.

Elytra pallide flava, sutura nigricanti, macula rotundata nigra

ad humeros posita, secunda forma irregulari, fere ad medium

disci locata. Corpus infra flavum, pectore medioque ab-

dominis nigro-piceis, pedibusque testaceis.

Descriptions of the New Coleoptera from Canton, sent to

England by Dr. Cantor.

Sp. 1. Melolontha Chinensis.

Affinis Mel. Nepalensi, Hope. Castanea, thorace colore satu-

ratiori inquinato albisque capillis irrorata.

Long. lin. 18, lat. lin. 8}.

Elytra testacea, lateribus externe sulcatis et atro-marginatis.

Podex fere trigonus, apice subemarginato. Corpus infra

piceum capillisque griseis obsitum. Mesosternum cuspide

robusto armatum.

The above insect, along with Melolontha Indica, Nepalensis,

and others, form a peculiar section. At first sight the present

species appears to belong to Ancylonicha of De Jean, and the

species named by the baron is certainly much like it; the absence

of a spear to the mesosternum plainly marks the species.

14 Rev. F. W. Hope on the

Sp. 2. Anomala controversa, Hope.

Castanea, capite piceo, margine anteriori parum elevato, antenne

testacez.

Long. lin. 63, lat. lin. 3.

Thorax flavo-castaneus, punctatus, maculis magnis_binis

nigris insignitis, alteraque minori utrinque in marginibus

locata. Elytra striato-punctata, quibusdam lineis elevatis

flavis conspicua, discus flavo piceoque colore variegatus.

Podex flavescens. Corpus infra concolor, femoribus luteis,

posticis binis incrassatis, tibiis tarsisque rufescentibus.

The above insect has been regarded as similar to the Anomala

Hopfneri, which pertains to the new world, and is, I believe, not

uncommon in Mexico. The present insect is an East Indian

species, and, although according in colour and marking, is evi-

dently distinct; its form at once is sufficient to distinguish it.

Sp. 3. Galba Chrysocoma, Hope. (Plate I. fig. 3.)

Flava, capite nigro, antennis pectinatis atris.

Long. lin. 8, lat. lin. 23.

Thorax antice rotundatus, angulis posticis acutis, disco 4-tuber-

culato, tuberculis auratis capillis tectis. Elytra aureo-to-

mentosa, fusca, apicibus acuminatis. Corpus infra nigrum,

aureo-tomentosum, pedibusque concoloribus.

[Plate I. fig. 3, the insect magnified ; 3, the front of the head and mandibles ;

3b, mandible; 3c, maxilla; 3d, mentum, &c.; 3e, antenna; 3/, prosternum ;

3 g, tarsus. |]

Sp. 4. Harpalus Sinicus.

Niger, capite antice rubro-piceo, postice atro nitido, antennis

rufo-fuscis pilosis.

Long. lin. 7, lat. lin. 2.

Thorax lateribus rufo-marginatis, posticeque parum punctu-

latus. Elytra striata. Corpus infra concolor, pedibus flaves-

centibus.

Sp. 5. Amara orientalis.

Nigra, antennis rufis, thorace rufo-marginato, elytris striato-

punctatis, pedibusque rufo-testaceis.

Long. lin. 3, lat. lin. 1.

The present insect appears to be mediate between true Harpalus

and Amara.

Entomology of China, &c. 15

Sp. 6. Harpalus cyanescens, Hope.

Niger, capite concolori, antennis duobus articulis primis tes-

taceis, reliquis fusco-nigris.

Long. lin. 43, lat. lin. 13.

Thorax ater, margine omni flavo. Elytra striato-punctata,

medio disci cyaneo, sutura flaveola, ternis lateralibus striis

flavis. Corpus infra piceum, pedibus luteis.

Sp. 7. Harpalus difficilis, Hope.

Atro-zenea, antennis fuscis.

Long. lin. 3, lat. lin. 2.

Thorax flavo-marginatus, elytris striatis, atro-zeneis, apicibus

testaceis. Corpus infra piceum, pedibus flavescentibus.

Sp. 8. Harpalus trechoides, Hope.

Fusco-flavus, antennis binis primis articulis testaceis, reliquis

atris.

Long. lin. 23, lat. lin. 3.

Thorax brunneus, margine omne flavo, Scutellum concolor.

Elytra fusco-brunnea, sutura maginibusque externis flaves-

centibus. Corpus infra luteum, pedibus concoloribus.

The above three species are nearly allied to Selenophorus ; but

as it is doubtful if the genus is not described by foreign writers,

I leave them at present under the name of Harpalus.

Sp. 9. Coptodera 2-cincta, Hope.

Flava, capite rufo, antennisque rubris.

Long. lin. 2, lat. lin, 3.

Thorax niger. Elytra nigra, binis fasciis flavis insignita, una ad

humeros alteraque ad apicem posita. Corpus infra testaceum,

pedibus concoloribus.

Sp. 10. Haliplus Sinensis.

Flava, capite rufo, thorace luteo, binisque maculis punctis

insignito.

Long. lin. 13, lat. lin. 1.

Elytra pallide flava, striato-punctata, punctis nigris, maculisque

quatuor majoribus in medio disci positis, sutura nigricanti.

Corpus infra testaceum, pedibus luteis.

Sp. 11. Volvulus, N.S.

Evidently a new species ; -but it is in too mutilated a state to

describe.

16 Rey. F. W. Hope on the

Sp. 12. Hydrobius neglectus.

Fulvus, capite rufo, thorace pallidiore.

Long. lin. 2, lat. lin. 1.

Elytra fusco-flava, striata. Corpus infra nigrum, pedibus flavo-

piceis.

Sp. 13. Upis Sinensis, Hope.

Niger, opacus, thorace punctulato, angulis anticis lateribusque

parum rotundatis.

Long. lin. 8, lat. lin. 23.

Elytra variolosa punctata, punctis fortiter insculptis. Pedes

femoribus clavatis, tibiis quatuor anticis subincurvis, posticis

fere rectis.

Sp. 14. Amarygmus carbonarius.

Niger, capitis fronte foveolata.

es laee

Long. lin. 83, lat. lin. 33.

Thorax convexus, lateribus elevatis. Elytra striato-punctata

nigra. Corpus infra concolor, femoribus parum incurvis,

tibiisque rectis atris.

Sp. 15. Epilampus pulcher.

Cupreo-zneus, antennis nigris.

Long. lin, 43, lat. lin. 2.

Thorax atro-zeneus, cupreoque colore tinctus. Seutellum

atrum. Elytra striata, aurato-viridia puniceoque colore in-

quinata. Corpus infra piceum, pedibus concoloribus.

Sp. 16. Epilampus Chrysostictus.

Nigro-ceneus, capite supra fortiter impresso.

Long. lin. 54, lat. lin. 2.

Thorax ater, marginatus, macula media aurata, lateribus aureola

falcata land utrinque insignitis. Corpus infra piceum, pedibus

concoloribus.

Sp. 17. Apate rejecta, Hope.

Nigra, thorace convexo, disco utrinque minutis dentibus seabro.

Long. lin, 25, lat. lin. 1.

Elytra rugoso-punctata, ante apicem 2-dentata, Corpus infra

nigrum, pedibus atro-piceis.

Entomology of China, &c. 17

Sp. 18. Apate rufa.

Totum corpus supra et infra rufum, thorace convexo punctu-

lato.

Long. lin. 14, lat. lin. }.

Elytra fortissime punctata, apicibus rotundatis et integris. Pedes

concolores.

Sp. 19. Promeces Stnensis.

Obscure viridis, capite cyaneo, antennisque atris.

Long. lin. 13, lat. lin. 23.

Thorax utrinque armatus, niger, ternisque lineis viridi-auratis

insignitus. Elytra elongata, nigro-viridia, sutura pallidiori.

Corpus infra viride, beryllino-sericeum. Pedes femoribus

violaceis, tibiis nigricantibus, tarsisque infra flavo-comatis.

Sp. 20. Eumolpus ignicollis.

Violaceus, capite antice nigro, postice aurato, medioque viride.

Long. lin. 33, lat. lin. 13.

Thorax cupreo-igneus, marginatus, sub lente punctulatus.

Elytra violacea, lineato-punctata, marginibus purpurascenti-

bus. Corpus infra concolor, pedibus atro-violaceis.

Sp. 21. Galleruca atripennis.

Nigra, antennis luteis, thorace flavo, elytrisque atris et nitidis,

sub lente punctulatis. Corpus infra luteum, pedibus conco-

loribus.

Long. lin. 33, lat. lin. 13.

The above species is probably an 4ulacophora.

Sp. 22. Galleruca erosa.

Lutea, antennis fuscis, primo articulo rubro.

Long. lin. 23, lat, lin. 13.

Thorax utrinque lateribus subspinosis. Elytra pallide lutea,

erosa. Corpus infra concolor.

In addition to the above species two remain undescribed; the

one apparently is allied to Cercus, and the other is probably an

Hydrobius ; both, however, are in too bad a state to describe, as

they are imperfect.

VOL. IV. Cc

18 Mr. W. Spence on the Pulvilli of Flies.

Ill. On the Pulvilli of Flies. By Wii11am Spence, Esq.

E:RS., &c:

[Read 6th March, 1843.]

In a note at p. 261, vol. ii. of the new edition of our ‘“ Introduc-

duction to Entomology,” on the pulvilli of the common house-fly,

I have detailed the observations which led me to the conclusion,

that if the hypothesis of Mr. Blackwall, which refers the power

possessed by this insect of walking up polished vertical surfaces

or horizontal ones with its back downwards, to the exudation of a

glutinous secretion from the ends of the hairs of its pulvilli, be

proved to be correct, it will probably be found that the process

of rubbing its tarsi together, which it constantly exhibits, is not,

as has been formerly supposed, one of mere general cleanliness,

but a very important operation of its economy, destined to keep

the ends of the hairs of its pulvilli free from every particle of

dust or moisture which might impede their adhesive action. My

attention, since leaving England for Italy, has been frequently

directed to this subject; and all my observations confirm the

probability of this supposition being well founded, not merely in

the case of the house-fly, but of Dipterous and Hymenopterous

insects generally, and of many Coleopterous species, a large pro-

portion of which I have seen employ similar manceuvres, appa-

rently for a similar purpose. It would be tedious, as the results

are so uniform, to give any detailed account of these observations,

but I may mention one of them, which struck me more forcibly

than the rest. I have repeatedly seen flies, after rubbing together

their two fore tarsi and pulvilli, put down on the surface on which

they were standing, first one of the pulvilli, and then the other,

and pull at each, as if trying if they would adhere properly: ap-

parently finding from the trial that they would not, again briskly

have recourse to the former curry-combing process, repeating

these alternate brushings and trials five or six times, and for the

space of full two minutes, until having seemingly ascertained that

the pulvilli were completely cleaned, and in a fit state to act, they

walked or flew away. I do not give this fact as in itself of much

weight ; but taken in combination with those I had before ob-

served and recorded in the note above referred to, it tends to

confirm the supposition there started, as the mere cleansing of

the tarsi themselves from dust could scarcely have required so

long a process, and interrupted by so many apparent trials of its

effect on the pulvilli. My main reason, however, for bringing it

J.O.W. del

Trans Ent. Soc Vol IV.F1 I .

Lb

Day kllaghe. Cio the fueen

Mr. W. Spence on the Pulvilli of Flies. 19

under the notice of the Society, is in the hope of drawing the

attention of some of the members to a curious subject, which

seems to require further investigation, and especially with a mi-

croscope of high powers; the first points evidently being to

ascertain, beyond all doubt, both by observations on the polished

surfaces over which flies and other insects have passed, and on

the extremities of the hairs lining the pulvilli, that these hairs do

actually excrete a viscid material, as Mr. Blackwall supposes.

IV. Observations on the Lamellicorn Genus Cryptodus, and

its Allies. By J. O. Westwoop, F.L.S., &c.

[Read Sth July, 1841.]

Tue genus Cryptodus has been well described by Mr. Mac Leay (by

whom it was proposed) as the most singular of all the Petalocera, in

an entomological point of view. Originally placed next Mechidius,

in the family Trogide, its talented proposer has, in his memoir on the

Cetoniide, published in Dr. Smith’s African Researches, suggested

that its more legitimate situation is the family Cetoniide, adjoin-

ing to Cremastocheilus, a group also possessing dentate maxilla,

an immense mentum covering the other parts of the mouth, anda

triangularly dilated basal joint to the antenne ; from this group,

however, it is distinguished by its corneous dentate mandibles ;

but as horny mandibles occur in other Cetoniideous insects, Mr.

Mac Leay states his conviction that Cryptodus belongs to the

Cetoniide, in the following words: ‘It is now long since that, by

reflecting on the concealed labrum of Cryptodus, the dilated tri-

angular shape of its antennze, the horny mandibles and maxille,

similar in form to those of Macroma and Oplostomus, the large

mentum closing up the mouth, and concealing the palpi, with its

naked podex, so different from that of the T'rogide, its depressed

body, and peculiar structure, I became convinced that I ought to

have assigned this most curious insect to the family of Cetonide,

and that it ought to have been placed in the immediate vicinity

of Cremastocheilus.” —Illustr. Annul. So. Afr. p.17. On the other

hand, Dr. Burmeister having, in his Genera Insectorum, (sub fam.

Xylophila,) incidentally introduced the genus Cryptodus under the

family Dynastide, 1 have been induced to enter into a revision of

the characters of this genus in comparison with those of the several

c2

20 Mr. J. O. Westwood on the

groups to which it has been assigned. The characters from which

Mr. Mac Leay associates Cryptodus with Cremastocheilus, are the

dentate maxille, without any bristles on the outside of the upper

lobe ; depressed elongated form of the body; underside of the

mentum with a process; large triangular and broad first joint of

the antenne ; the reflexed margin of the clypeus, and the epime-

ron not prominently distinct between the thorax and shoulders of

the elytra. The majority of these characters, it is true, are found

in both genera, but they differ from each other in other, and, it

appears to me, far more important respects. The whole habit of

the insects disagree ; the mandibles of Cremastocheilus are strictly

Cetoniideous in form, whilst in Cryptodus they are horny, curved,

and toothed within ; the epimera of the mesothorax are quite visi-

ble from above, in front of the humeral angles of the elytra in

Cremastocheilus, and especially in Genuchus, but they are quite

concealed in Cryptodus ; the toothing of the hind tibiz of Crypto-

dus agrees neither with the Cetonud@e nor Cremastocheilus, whereas

it accords with the Dynastide, a tooth being in the middle, and a

smaller one nearer the base; the basal joint of the hind tarsi in

Cremastocheilus is short, as in all Cetoniide, whereas it is very large

and toothed in Cryptodus, as in many Dynastide ; the metaster-

num of Cremastocheilus is developed in front, as in the Cetonide,

causing the middle feet to approach nearer the fore ones* than

in Cryptodus, which agrees in this respect with Dynastes ; and the

wings of Cryptodus are short and broad, as in Dynastes, but long

in Cremastocheilus, as in Cetonia.}

As to the characters by which Mr. Mac Leay unites Cryptodus

with the Cetoniide, the concealed labrum, horny mandibles, toothed

maxilla, and naked podex, are the characters of the Dynasiide,

whilst the dilated triangular scape of the antenna, and large men-

tum, are two characters which exist in several Dynastideous insects,

of which I add the descriptions to this memoir.

There is still another character of Cryptodus, as described by

Mr. Mac Leay, which merits notice: referring the genus to the

Cetoniide, he nevertheless observes, ‘ that the insect well merits

the title of Paradoxus, since it is as unlike Cetonia aurata, or any

of the usual types of the family, as well may be ; and besides, it

* And also of course thrusting the mesothoracic epimera prominently upwards

as in Cetonia.

+ Dr. Burmeister has also detected another character in Cryptodus which agrees

with many of the Dynastide, but is not found in any Cetoniide, namely, the dis-

similarity in the shape of the ungues of the fore feet of the males of Cryptodus, one

of them being strongly bent, and armed with a tooth beneath, whilst in the female

they are both alike, and simple.

Snes nw «

Lamellicorn Genus Cryptodus, and its Allies. 21

is the only known insect among the Cetoniide that has not ten

joints to the antenne.”’” This is indeed a singular character, and

is as much at variance with the characters of the Dynastide as

with the Cetoniide ; but its smgularity is greatly increased when

it is mentioned, that it is only a specific one, since in a new species

in my collection the antenne are certainly 10-jointed.

Referring, then, this singular genus to the Dynastide, I will

shortly notice its characters as contrasted with those of that family.

It was introduced by Mr. Mac Leay into the family Zrogede on

account of its possessing 9-jointed antennz, sharp arched horny

mandibles, and maxillee terminated by sharp horny hooks, “quam-

vis mento labroque omnino differt.” We now find the 9-jointed

antennz no longer a generical character ; and my own and Dr.

Burmeister’s dissections (published in Mr. Hope’s Coleopterist’s

Manual, and in the Genera Insectorum,) have shown that the

horny mandibles and maxille of the Dynastide vary in a very

great degree in the form and position of their teeth; the con-

cealed labrum is the character of the Dynastide, and the large

mentum exists in the several Dynastideous genera described

below. In the majority of the Dynastide, however, we find only

the upper lobe of the maxille dentate, whilst the lower one is

terminated by one tooth in Cryptodus; but there are other Dy-

nastide which have also this character. ‘The want of occipital

and thoracic horns, and the broad recurved clypeus, are pecu-

liarities of Cryptodus, but they are not confined to it, but are

found in many Dynastide, whilst the elongated depressed form of

the body occurs in Phileurus, and other allied genera; on these

accounts I consider that Cryptodus belongs to the family Dynas-

tide, and that its relationship with Cremastocheilus is only one of

analogy.

The following are the characters of the second* species of the

genus mentioned above.

Cryptodus Tasmannianus, West.

Niger, nitidus, oblongus, punctatus; antennis 10-articulatis ;

mento basi truncato, prosterno antict producto, margine

antico fere recto.

Long. corp. lin. 93, lat. elytr. lin. 43.

Habitat in Terra Van Diemenni.

In Mus. nostr. &c.

* Mr. Mac Leay states that he possesses two species from New Holland, so

that it is probable a third species exists. It is greatly to be hoped that Mr. Mac

Leay will now furnish us with some details respecting the habits of this and other

equally singular Australian insects.

a2 Mr. J. O. Westwood on the

Caput latius, angulis anticis clypei rotundatis marginatis, punc-

tatissimum, impressione verticali anticé tuberculis duobus

minutis terminata. Mentum basi truncatum. Antenne dis-

tincté 10-articulate. Prothorax transversus, niger, nitidus,

punctatus, punctis in parte postica majoribus, et magis

distantibus, medio lined longitudinali impressé. Prosternum

anticé porrectum, margine antico fere recto. Elytra nigra,

nitida, punctis magnis irregularibus, sutura striisque 4 in

singulo elytro parum elevatis et levibus.

This species is named C. paradoxus in most cabinets, but is at

once distinguished by the shape of the mentum and basal joint of

the antennz. Cryptodus paradoxus differs from the above in its

smaller size, being scarcely nine lines long; in being of a more

pitchy brown hue; in being less depressed ; in having the head

squarer, and not so broad; in the two vertical tubercles being more

prominent ; in the mentum being deeply emarginate at its base,

to receive the rounded front of the prosternum; in the 9-jointed

antennez, with the basal joint much more dilated ; in having the

prothorax not so transverse, and much more closely punctured ;

in the elytra being scarcely dilated behind, and shorter ; and in

being covered with exceedingly minute punctures, in addition to

the irregular larger ones, —which, however, are neither so large

nor so distinct as in my species.

Note.—The insect which I have here regarded as the true

C. paradoxus agrees with Mac Leay’s figures in the

form of its mentum and basal joint of the antenne, and

number of joints in the latter organs. It is true that

Mac Leay describes the colour of his species as being

ater,” which ill accords with any of the specimens I

have seen in the Collections of the British Museum and

Mr. Hope; beyond this it is impossible, from Mr. Mac

Leay’s description, to determine the species. Indeed

Dr. Burmeister informs me that there is a large black

species (16 lines long) in the Berlin Museum, which also

accords with Mac Leay’s description, and he has accord-

ingly given the name of Variolosus to the species which

I have regarded as the true Paradozus. In the British

Museum Collection my new species is labelled Para-

doxus, (which it certainly is not,) and the species I have

supposed to be that insect is named Variolosus.

I now proceed to the descriptions of several insects, which

appear to me to prove that Cryptodus is referable to the family

Dynastide, to which they belong.

Lamellicorn Genus Cryptodus, and its Allies. 23

Rurzoritatys, West. (Plate II., fig. 3, and details.)

Subgenus novum, e genere Phileuri.

Corpus oblongum, subconvexum. Caput subtriangulare, clypeo

antice acuminato, posticeque tuberculo truncato armatum.

Antenne breves, 10-articulata, articulo basali latissimo

depresso. Labrum corneum, ciliatum, pilosum, in medio

marginis antici emarginatum, angulis anticis rotundatis.

Mandibule mediocres cornez, apice acute, margine externo

bisinuatee, in utroque latere clypei porrectee. Mazxille lobo

apicali acutissimo, dentibus duobus acutis interne armate,

lobo interno inermi. Mentwm magnum heptagonum, labium

et articulos duos basales palporum labialium obtegens,

pone medium elevatum. Pronotum Phileuri, at magis con-

vexum, sulco profundo medio in parte antica, marginibus

ejus lateralibus in tuberculum elevatis. Hlytra brevia, sub-

convexa, irregulariter punctata. Pedes sat breves; ungues

pedum anticorum inzequales ; onychiis longis, apicé setulo-

sis; tibiis pedum quatuor posticorum ut in Phileuris armatis ;

tarsorum articulo basali magno, apice supero in spinam

acutam producto.

This insect possesses most of the characters of Phileurus, differ-

ing from it, however, chiefly in the more convex and irregularly

punctate habit of the species, the simple inner tooth of the maxille,

the shape of the mentum, the greatly dilated basal joint of the

antennz, and the unequal-sized ungues of the fore legs. It will

be found to agree with Cryptodus in the general structure of the

mouth, namely, the concealed sub-bilobed labrum, the horny acute

mandibles, the horny dentate maxillee, the large mentum conceal-

ing the labrum, and base of the labial palpi; the dissimilar form

of the fore ungues, the dilated basal joint of the antennz, and of

the four posterior tarsi: and differing from it in the form of the

clypeus, the want of a tooth on the inside of the mandibles, and

on the mner lobe of the maxillz ; in the different shape of the

mentum, and the more convex body. Dependant upon the form of

the clypeus, and the comparatively smaller mentum, and large size

of the mandibles, is the more exposed position of the latter at the

sides of the mouth, whereas we find them in Cryptodus completely

concealed by the large clypeus and mentum.

Rhizoplatys cribraris.

Piceo-niger, capite antennarumque articulo basali punctis

24 Mr. J. O. Westwood on the

minutis, tuberculo obtuso frontali, prothorace rude punc-

tato, excavatione profunda in parte media antica utrinque

tuberculis duobus elevatis armato, elytris magis piceis, punc-

tis minutis numerosis et irregularibus notatis, femoribus

subtus magis castanelis, tibiis anticis tridentatis.

Long. corp. lin. 10.

Syn. Cryptodon cribrarius, Dupont MSS.

Habitat in Senegallia ?

In Mus. Dom. Hope.

Actrnozotus, West. (Plate II., fig. 2, and details.)

Subgenus novum, e genere Phileuri.

Corpus oblongo-ovatum, convexum.

Caput subsemicirculare, margine antico elevato, et in lobos 5

rotundatos diviso. Antenne breves, 10-articulate, articulo

Imo lato, 2ndo sequentibus majori. Os inferum mento magno

obtectum. Labrumcrustaceum, transversum, setosum, lateri-

bus rotundatis. Mandibule mediocres, cornez, apice acute

curvate, margine externo eminulo, et mento haud obtecto,

intus inermes. Mazille lobo apicali 6-dentatz, dentibus

tribus infimis in serie transversa positis, lobo interno inermi.

Mentum magnum, subquadratum, margine antico emargi-

nato, parte antica declivi; labium et palpos labiales (articulo

apicali excepto) obtegens ; labium internum e lobis duobus

membranaceis ciliatis constans. Palpi labiales breves,

$-articulati, articulis duobus basalibus internis, ultimo lon-

giori, apice detecto. Prothorax transversus, convexus, late-

ribus rotundatis. Elytra convexa, striato-punctata. Pedes

Phileuri, tarsorum quatuor posticorum articulo basali majori,

apice supero in spinam producto. Onychie pedum antico-

rum breves, haud setigeree, quatuor posticorum longe, tenues,

apice setigero.

The type of this subgenus recedes still further from Phileurus

than the preceding; the large 5-lobed clypeus concealing all the

mouth, which is placed in the middle of the under-surface of the

head, the form of the labrum, which is transverse, instead of

being deeply bilobed, and the more arched mandibles, are suffi-

cient at once to distinguish it from the type of Phileurus.

With Cryptodus we find it to agree in the dilated clypeus, con-

cealing the mouth, which is placed on the underside of the head,

the general structure of the different parts of the mouth, the

dilated basal joint of the antennae, and the form of the basal joint

Lamellicorn Genus Cryptodus, and its Allies. 25

of the posterior tarsi; whilst it differs from that genus chiefly in

the 5-lobed clypeus, transverse labrum, internally toothless man-

dibles and inner lobe of the maxilla, comparatively smaller

mentum and more convex body.

Actinobolus radians.

Piceo-rufus, antennis tarsisque nigricantibus, nitidus, capitis

parte postica et pronoto anticé varioloso-punctatis, hujus

parte postica lined longitudinali media impressa et punc-

tata, elytris striato-punctatis, in singulo striis 10, tibiis anticis

extus 4-dentatis, dente infero minuto.

Long. corp. lin. 9.

Habitat in Brasilia.

In Mus. Dom. Hope.

Trionychus, of Dejean’s Catalogue, is another African genus

closely allied to Cryptodus, agreeing with it in its depressed form,

broad head, and large mentum; but in this genus we find the

mandibles exposed at the sides of the clypeus, as in Phileurus.

Dr. Burmeister has also separated another group from Phileurus,

under the name of Trioplus, containing the Ph. cylindricus of

Mannerheim, and the Ph. sinodendrius of Perty ; these have the

mandibles 3-dentate, and the anterior ungues dissimilar in the

sexes, one of them being furnished in the middle with a tooth in

the males, thus agreeing with Cryptodus. As Dr. Burmeister has

proposed to illustrate these groups, I shall content myself with

this short notice of them, which will be sufficient to prove their

relationship with Cryptodus.

Directing our attention next to Phileurus itself, we find several

differences in the form of the mandibles, dependent, as it appears

to me, on the form of the clypeus. In most species they terminate

in an acute exposed point, as does also the clypeus, thus forming

three points in front of the head. The exposed external upper

margin is elevated (as Latreille expressed it, ‘ latere externo

eminulo”—Gen. Crust. ii. 103); and this elevated part, where its

extremity joins the body of the mandible, forms a more and more

deeply incised notch, thus by degrees forms a separate tooth, In the

New Holland type of Philewrus,* (Ph. subcostatus, Laporte, Hist.

Nat. Col, 2, p.116; Ph. depressus, Hope, MSS., which, by the way,

has greatly the habit of Cryptodus,) we find the front of the head

* In Mr. Kirby’s Collection, presented to the Entomological Society, is a spe-

cimen of a Philewrus marked as from New Holland, and, as received from Mr.

Mac Leay, with the pin stuck through the thorax very low, which appears to me

to differ in no respect from Ph. valgus.

26 Mr. J. O. Westwood on the

broad, and the mandibles exposed, but much broader than in the

South American type; the extremity being, as it were, truncate,

whilst in the East Indian type of Phileurus, (of which I have seen

three species in the Collection of Mr. Hope, viz. Ph. Lamberti,

Hope, Bengal; Ph. intermedius, Burm. Poonah; Ph. planatus,

Wied. Dawar,*) the anterior unguis of the fore legs is very broad,

and with a small acute tooth on its upper edge; the onychiz in

the fore legs are also long, and bisetose at the tip; the innermost

tooth of the maxillze is 3-dentate, and the middle one bidentate ;

and the mentum is rather narrow, and emarginate at the tip.

Besides the species of Phileurus mentioned above, I am only

acquainted with one other species which inhabits the old world,

namely, the Ph. Senegalensis of Laporte, which Mr. Hope has also

received from Gambia.

On reviewing the characters of the various groups described or

indicated in the preceding observations, it appears to me that

they constitute a group in the great family Dynastide, distin-

guished at once from all the rest by a character noticed by no

previous writer, namely, the complete retraction, towards the in-

ternal base of the dilated mentum, of the labium and the basal

joints of the labial palpi, a character found also in the Lucanide ;

the large size of the basal joint of the posterior tarsi is also very

characteristic, although we find it (but not so large) in other

Dynastide.

I shall complete these observations by adding the description

of another new genus, which, although having much of the gene-

ral appearance of the two subgenera above described, possesses a

structure of the organs of the mouth quite unlike that of every

other Dynastideous group. It has been named Cryptodon by La-

treille, in his manuscripts communicated to Dejean, by whom it is

placed next to Phileurus. The peculiarity which led Latreille to

propose for it this name, induced me to examine its structure,

when I found the relation between it and Cryptodus (founded

alone upon the large size of the mentum, concealing the other

parts of the mouth) to be much slighter than between the last-

named genus and the other Phileuri. As Latreille’s name is too

similar to Cryptodus to be retained in the same family, I shall

describe it under that of

Lertrocnaruus, West. (PI. II. fig. 4, and details.)

Corpus oblongo-ovatum, convexum. Caput mediocre, clypeo in

lobos duos rotundatos elevatos producto. Antenne breves,

* Two species are also described by Faldermann, from the North of China.

Lamellicorn Genus Cryptodus, and its Allies. 27

10-articulatz, articulo 2do sequentibus majori, clava 3-phylla,

Os inferum mento magno clausum. Labrum parvum, sub-

ovatum, basi latius, valde setosum, in cavitate oblonga faciei

inferee clypei receptum. Mandibule minute, bipartite ;

parte externa cornea, apice acuto, parte interna magis cori-

acea, fere ovata, e precedenti incisione profunda divisa.

Mazillg minute, lobo interno magnitudinis ordinariz, apice

rotundato longe ciliato, lobo externo minutissimo, haud ultra

apicem preecedentis extenso et inter illum et basin palporum

maxillarium inserto; palpi maxillares 4-articulati, articulis

longitudine crescentibus. Mentum maximum, latum, lateribus

rotundatis, margine antico emarginato, valde setoso. Labium

internum ; palpi labiales sat breves, 3-articulati, articulo basali

in maribus retracto, in foemina articulis omnibus detectis.

Prothorax subconvexus, longitudine latitudinem fere aequans,

in maribus major, et magis subquadratus, impressione magna

transversa in parte antica; in foemina antice angustior, late-

ribus rotundatis, impressione parva antica ovata. Elytra

obovata, antice truncata, pone medium parum latiora, striato-

punctata. Prosternum ante pedes anticos deflexo-porrectum.

Femora antica magna, margine antico in lobum magnum pla-

num pro receptione tibize producto ; tibiae anticee anguste, in

medio subangulato-curvate, in maribus magis angulatz, in

utroque sexu extus 3-dentatee, dentibus duobus superis ma-

gis approximatis, ungues antici in utroque sexu simplices ;

femora postica mediis crassiora, tibiz 4 posticee sub-graciles,

tarsi graciles articulo basali in pedibus posticis simplici ;

onychiis pedum omnium brevibus, aqualibus, longé bise-

tigeris.

Leptognathus Latrellianus, West.

Piceo-niger, nitidus, capite tenue punctatissimo, thorace rude

punctato, punctis in parte postica magis distantibus, sulcoque

ovato longitudinali parum impresso in parte postica; elytris

rude punctato-striatis, singulo striis 1] punctorum magnorum

subconfluentium, alterisque minutissimis irregularibus inter

strias ; striis ante apicem elytrorum inter se confluentibus ;

_ corpore subtus et podice fulvo-pilosis.

Long. corp. lin. 8—10.

Habitat in Senegallia.

Mus. DD. Hope et Melly.

Syn. Cryptodon truncatum, Latreille, MSS.

Cryptodon Senegalense, De}. Cat.

28 Mr. J. O. Westwood on the Genus Cryptodus, &c.

Another species is indicated in Dejean’s Catalogue, also from

Senegal, whence the impropriety of Dejean’s manuscript specific

name for the insect above described, which I have accordingly

dedicated to Latreille.

Another interesting genus, closely agreeing with the above in

the structure of the mouth, has been observed by Dr. Burmeister

in the Collection of Mr. Melly. It is of much larger size, and

has much of the habit of a broad Oryctes. It is from Brazil, and

has been named Pantodinus by Dr. Burmeister.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE IIL.

Fig. 1. Cryptodus Tasmannianus, and details.

la, underside of the head; 1b, head seen sideways; 1c, labrum; 1d,

mandible; le, maxilla; If, antenna; 1¢, fore tibia and tarsus ¢ ;

1h, anterior ungues ¢ ; 1%, basal part of posterior tarsi; 1k, anterior

tarsus 9. The antenna to the right of the insect is that of Crypt.

paradoxus.

Fig. 2. Actinobolus radians, and details.

2a, head seen sideways ; 2b, underside of head ; 2c, labrum ; 2d, man-

dible; 2e, maxilla; 2fand 2g, mentum, &c. seen externally and

internally ; 2h, antenna; 27, ungues.

Fig. 3. Rhizoplatys cribrarius, and details.

3a, side view of the head; 36, labrum; 3c, mandible; 3d and 3e, inner

and outer view of the maxilla; [a, cardo; b, stipes; c, squama palpi-

fera ; d, galea or outer lobe; e, mando ;] 3, mentum and labial palpi;

3g, antenna; 3h, terminal joints of anterior tarsus ; 37%, base of pos-

terior tarsus.

Fig. 4. Leptognathus Latrellianus, and details.

4a, front of head above ; 4b, same beneath ; 4c, labrum; 4d, mandible;

4e, maxilla; 4 f, antenna.

a i ted Miia ee ~

Trans Ent: Soc. Vol IV P73

L Smithy deh

Lavé Taghe lth! 10 the Vueen

oe, ~

Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions, §c. 29

V. Descriptions of nine British Species of the Genus Hyleus,

Latr.; together with some Notes on the Economy of Osmia

leucomelana and Epeolus variegatus. By F.Surru, Esq.

[Read 7th March, 1842. ]

Brrore I enter on the description of the British species of the

genus Hyleus, | would make a few observations which have

occurred to. me upon the habits of these insects. I have never

had the good fortune to discover their nidi, but have always con-

sidered them parasitical, having observed them in some numbers

frequenting a bank where Andrena Afzeliella, Kirby, nidificates in

abundance. Late in the evening I have found (as also on a dull

day) as many as three or four inclosed within the petals of the

dandelion; these were generally males. I have a pair of the

Hyleus annulatus, which I took in copula; proving Kirby’s species

to be correctly assimilated. This genus is remarkable for the

singularities of form exhibited in different organs of some of the

individuals of which it is composed, as described under the re-

spective species.*

Genus Hyztavus, Latr.

Head orbicular ; eyes lateral, long, extending to the base of

the mandibles, distant at the vertex ; stemmata placed in a triangle.

Antennz 12-jointed in the female, 13-jointed in the male; scape

long in some species, in others considerably dilated; in some

males it is fringed with hair. Thorax globose, punctured, as

well as the head and abdomen. Abdomen ovate; in some males

oblong.

Sp. 1. Hyleus annulatus.

Aculeate ; black, face generally with pale yellow stripes close to

the eyes. Antenne black. Thorax with a pale spot on the tegule

and tubercles, sometimes on the collar; anterior and intermediate

(a) The following is a list of the species described :—

1, Hyleus annulatus, Kirby’s Monograph.

2: annularis, Do.

3. signatus, Do.

4, dilatatus, Do.

5. pallidens, Kirby’s MSS. No. 113.

6. cornutus, Do. No. 118.

Uc plantaris, New species.

8. punctulatissimus, Do.

9. hyalinatus, Do.

30 Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions of

legs with silvery hair at the base and apex of the tibie at the

joints; posterior tibize annulated with yellow; all the tarsi black.

Male.—Face yellow, with a black line running from the base

of the mandibles to the base of the antenna, and a transverse one

near the top of the angle formed. Antenne black, slightly ful-

vous beneath. Thorax black; anterior tibize with a rufous line in

front; posterior legs annulated with pale yellow; all the tarsi

are pale at their base. Sometimes a pale spot on the tubercles

and tegule.

Length, 3 lin. to 34.

Sp. 2. Hyleus annularis.

Aculeate ; black; head nearly round; a fulvous spot below the

base of the antennz, sometimes obsolete. Antenne slightly ful-

vous beneath. Thorax, with the tubercles, a spot on the tegule,

sometimes on the collar, yellow; base of all the tibize yellow.

Wings slightly coloured. Abdomen with a few whitish hairs on

each side of the first segment, all the margins piceous.

Male.—Face yellow. Antennz fulvous beneath, rather ob-

scurely so; a yellow spot on the collar; all the tarsi pale at their

base; anterior tibize with a rufous stain in front, intermediate and

posterior pairs annulated with pale yellow.

Length, 2 to 3 lines.

Sp. 3. Hyleus signatus.

Aculeate; black. Antenne fulvous beneath; scape black; face

with an obscure fulvous line close to the eyes. Thorax witha

white spot on the tegule and tubercles. Wings hyaline; anterior

tibize with a rufous line in front; all the tibize fulvous at their ex-

treme base. Abdomen very finely punctured ; a fringe of white

hair on the lateral margins of the first segment; the ventral also

covered with white hairs, which are thinly scattered along the

margins of all the segments.

Male.—Face pale yellow or white. Antennz fulvous beneath.

Thorax, anterior legs, with their tibiz, rufous in front; the pos-

terior plantee white at their base. Abdomen covered with a fine

silvery pile.

Length, 3 to 35 lines.

N.B.—The males of this species I have frequently found to be

larger than the females.

nine British Species of the Genus Hyleus. 31

Sp. 4. Hyleus dilatatus. (PI. Il. fig. 1, and details.)

Black; face pale yellow; mandibles black at the base, then

yellow, with their apex rufescent. Antenne black above, fulvous

beneath, the apical segment totally so; the scape remarkably

dilated, subquadrate, convexo-concave ; the upper half black,

beneath yellow. Thorax, a yellow spot on the tegule, one on

each side of the collar, also on the tubercles; tibize yellow,

anterior and intermediate, with a black stain behind; posterior

tibiz annulated with black; the wings fuscous. The abdomen

covered with a fine silvery pubescence, particularly the margins

of the segments.

Length, 3 lin.

This species is an astonishing instance of what almost appears

disproportionate enlargement. The scape of its antenna, says

Mr. Kirby, resembles a “ patella,” or deep dish; but if viewed on

its concave side, it certainly bears a striking resemblance to an

ear; and although I would not boldly declare, with a learned

professor, ‘these are its ears,” still I consider them admirably

adapted for collecting the vibrations of sound. Immediately be-

hind the concavity of the scape, on the face of the insect, is a

longitudinal smooth depression, extending to its outer margin, so

that a passage for the vibrations of sound (should such a mecha-

nical apparatus be the intention as I have described) is here

admirably executed. I have examined the concavity under a

Codrington lens, and find it perfectly smooth ; not the slightest

indication of any aperture or communication either with the joints

of the antennze, or where the scape inosculates with the head. I

have drawn a figure of the insects, as well as an outline of the

face, and concave side of the scape. This species appears to be

rare. I am indebted to Mr. Samuel Stevens for my specimen,

captured in Sussex.

Sp. 5. Hyleus pallidens, Kirby’s MSS.

Male.—Black ; scape of the antenne with a yellow line in

front; face white; the mandibles yellow. Thorax more pubes-

cent than in the other species, particularly beneath; anterior tibiz

yellow, with a brown stain behind ; the femora with a yellow line

in front; intermediate and posterior tibiz yellow at their base ;

all the plantz yellow; remaining joints of the tarsi pale ; claws

rufous; wings fuscous. Abdomen piceous, with a fringe of white

hair on each side of the first segment.

Length, 3 lin.

32 Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions of

Sp. 6. Hyleus cornutus, Kirby’s MSS. (PI. III. fig. 3.)

Aculeate; black; clypeus bidentate ; a singular prominence

below the scape of the antenne, which is black ; antennz fulvous

beneath. Thorax finely punctured ; a white spot on the tegule;

the base of the anterior and intermediate tibiz pale ; posterior

tibiae annulated with pale yellow. Wings fuscous, paler at their

tips. Abdomen very finely punctured.

Length, 3 lines.

The remarkable horns which arm the clypeus have doubtless

their uses, and probably indicate some difference in the habit or

economy of this species.

This species is rare; I only know of one specimen in Mr.

Kirby’s Collection in the Entomological Society's Cabinet, and

one in my own, which was captured on Cove Common, Hants.

Sp. 7. Hyleus plantaris, (New species.)

Male.—Black face, with scattered hairs. Antennz much shorter

and thicker than in the other males; entirely yellow, slightly stained

with fulvous above ; scape considerably dilated, with a black streak

above, fringed with long hairs, particularly on the approximating

margins ; a smooth shining depression on the face, into which the

scapule fall. Thorax with a yellow spot on each side of the collar ;

a white spot on the tegulez ; base of the wings yellow, remainder

fuscous; anterior tibiae with a yellow stain in front, the interme-

diate yellow at their base, posterior annulated with yellow ; all

the tarsi yellow; the intermediate planta dilated at the base in

front. Abdomen elongate, with longish pale hairs at the extreme

lateral margins of the segments, particularly the apical ones; on

the underside a patch of fulvous hair, in the centre of the second

segment.

Length, 3 lin.

Of this species I took two specimens on Cove Common, Hants.

This I believe to be a new species, and in one respect a re-

markable insect—viz. the dilatations of the plantz of the inter-

mediate legs at their base ; the antennz are much shorter than in

the other males of the genus, they are also proportionably thicker ;

the scape is considerably dilated, and fringed with long stiffish

hairs on the margins, which approximate ; there is also a differ-

ence in the form of the joints of the tarsi; and on the underside

of the abdomen, on the second segment, is an angular patch of

short fulvous hairs, somewhat similar to the ¢ of Chelostoma ;

nine British Species of the Genus Hyleus. 3d

these patches of hair will be observed to form a guard or cushion

to the ventral segment of the bodies of the males of several spe-

cies of bees which repose in flowers, in which they are found

curled up.

Sp. 8. Hyleus punctulatissimus,

Aculeate; black, with a cream-coloured stripe close to the

eyes, crescent-shaped. Antenne black. Thorax coarsely punc-

tured; the collar on each side, tubercles, and a spot on the tegule,

pale yellow; wings coloured; anterior and intermediate tibice

pale at their base; posterior tibize with a narrow pale ring at their

base. The abdomen with a fringe of white hair on each side of

the first segment, and the abdomen laterally clothed with a fine

silvery pile.

Male.—Face yellow ; scape of antenne with a yellow line in

front. Antenne piceous beneath. Thorax coarsely punctured ;

a yellow spot on the tegule; the legs piceous ; anterior tibiz

fulvous in front, the intermediate yellow at the base, the posterior

annulated with yellow; the intermediate and posterior plante

yellow ; all the tarsi piceous.

Length, 3 lines.

N.B. Var. y of Kirby’s annularis, on comparison I find is the

$ of my punctulatissimus.

I have little hesitation in placing these, as sexes, together. I

took them in company at Coomb, in flowers, and met with no

other species.

Sp. 9. Hyleus hyalinatus.

Aculeate; head black; very minutely punctured, with deep

scattered punctures intermixed. Antenne black, slightly piceous

beneath. Thorax, like the head, is finely punctured, with large

deep punctures intermixed ; wings hyaline, nervures black ; all

the legs black; posterior pair annulated with pale yellow. Ab-

domen black, with silvery hairs on the ventral segment.

Male.—Black ; face yellow. Antenne with the scape black,

the remaining joints fulvous beneath; the face is very coarsely

punctured; the thorax has a scattered silvery pubescence, par-

ticularly beneath; a yellow spot on the tegule and tubercles ;

wings hyaline; anterior femora yellow, with a brown stain be-

hind ; intermediate and posterior tibiz annulated with yellow ;

all the plante and following joint yellow, the rest rufescent.

Length, 2 lines.

VOL. Iv. D

34 Mr. F. Smith’s Descriptions of

I received this species from Mr. Thwaites ; it is very distinct

from any of the foregoing, and is a smaller species.

Five years ago I captured a single specimen of Osmia leucome-

lana, which I saw enter an excavated bramble stick. From the

cocoons contained in it, I confidently expected to breed the Osmaa,

but to my great surprise, in the month of June in the following

season, a new species of Epipone was developed. I visited the

locality, in which I found the bee, the four following summers, and

although I occasionally found a specimen,—in one instance a male

and female in the same stick,—still I could not discover one con-

taining the nest of the bee. This season, on the 19th of July, I

again visited Cove Common, Hants, and after a careful search

I succeeded in finding some excavated sticks. My plan is, if

possible, to cut the sticks in the evening, first carefully stopping

up the entrance, as the probability is that the female bees will

then be in them; by this means I took three females and five of

Epipone levipes.

The burrow formed by the Osmia is different to that of E’pipone,

which clears out all the pith previous to forming her cells. The

Osmia excavates to the depth of about four inches, her course

through the pith being somewhat serpentine; having arrived at

the necessary depth, she commences alternately to widen and

contract her burrow equally, each alternation occupying three-

eighths of an inch; this she repeats five times—(see PI. III. fig. 4);

these spaces form the receptacles of the pollen and honey ; having

stored up a sufficient quantity in the furthest cell, she next depo-

sits an egg against the mass, one end of which is pushed into it,

and by that means retains its position; she then forms a division

between the stored and next empty cell, this division is about the

thickness of a common address card, and is composed of small

pieces of leaf, mixed with some gummy substance, and so com-

pactly is it finished, that [ fancied it was circular pieces of leaf

stuck together, until | immersed one in hot water, when the gum

or wax dissolved. In one of the sticks in which I found a female

Osmia, the third cell was just completed, or stored, and an egg

deposited. The egg is about one line long, tapering a little at

each end, and is in fact about the size and form of a small carra-

way seed, only that the surface is so exceedingly smooth, that,

under a high magnifying power, I could not detect the slightest

puncture or reticulation. Supposing the egg in question to have

been deposited on the day that I discovered the nest, the larvee

appeared on the tenth,

nine British Species of the Genus Hylaus. 35

Chancing to meet with a bank in which was a large colony of

Colletes succincta, I pulled down a portion of it, and found large

quantities of their cocoons, some empty, some containing the bee

fully developed, others the stores of pollen and honey recently

collected. I filled a few boxes with the cocoons containing in-

sects, and on examining them at home, in two of them I found a

specimen of Epeolus variegatus. This little bee has long been

considered a parasite, but I believe this is the first instance of its

being found in the nest of another bee. More than two-thirds of

the cocoons were empty which I found in the bank, or I might

probably have discovered more of Epeolus. ‘This is an instance

of great disparity of resemblance between the bee and its parasite ;

and I think it will be found, that close resemblance is only to be

met with, and is only apparently necessary, among the social bees,

for there can be no want of opportunity for a parasite to deposit

unobserved her egg in the nest of a solitary bee; whereas in

the social species they would be sure of detection; and, conse-

quently, a very close resemblance is frequently met with, appa-

rently to aid them in fulfilling the purposes assigned to them: as

in the instance of the different species of Apathus parasitic upon

Bombus, and also in the Diptera frequenting their nests.

36 Mr. Waterhouse’s Descriptions of

VI. Descriptions of some new Coleopterous Insects from the

Philippine Islands, collected by H. Cumine, Esq. By

G. R. Wareruouse, Esq.

[Read 5th April, 1841.]

Section LAMELLICORNES.

Sub-section Melitophit, Latreille.

Genus Mycreristes, Laporte. (Insectes, il. p. 162.)

Mycteristes Cuming.

Myct. viridis, nitore resplendente; elytris, pedibus, et corpore

subtus flavescente lavatis : corpore subtts paulo pubescente ;

capite cornu erectum exhibente, (hdc caput quoad longitu-

dinem zquante,) ad apicem latum et paulo emarginatum,

postice concavum, anticé tuberculo uno obsitum: thorace

convexo, posticé angustiore quam ad mediam, marginibus

lateralibus pone mediam feré rectis, anticé constricto, mar-

gine posteriore in medio paulo producto, anticé porrecto in

cornu validum ad apicem bifidum, super caput impendente :

scutello mediocri, triangulari, elytris longioribus quam latio-

ribus, posticé attenuatis, disco plano, apice sub-truncato:

pedibus validis, tibiis scopula pilorum subtus instructis et

externé haud denticulatis, tarsis quam tibize paulo brevio-

ribus ; unguibus permagnis.

Long. corp. 123 lin.

Foemina differt corpore minore, capite, thoraceque haud cor-

nutis; pedibus mediocribus; tibiis anticis externé tridentatis ;

reliquis denticulo externo parvo, infra medium instructis ;

unguibus mediocribus.

Long. corp. 93 lin.

Elytra in foemind quasi flavescentia aureo-viridi lavata appa-

rent, suturis, et lined longitudinali prope marginem intensé

viridibus.

$ 2 in Mus. Brit.

The present insect, in my opinion, is allied to the genus Macro-

nota, and approaches most nearly to the Muacronota rhinophyllus of

MM. Gory and Percheron’s Monograph, —a species which was

originally described by Wiedemann (Zoologisches Magazin, Band

ii. part 1, for 1833, p. 82) under the name Golathus rhinophyllus.

On the same insect M. Laporte founds his genus Mycteristes,

and Mr. Mac Leay his subgenus Philistena. The last-mentioned

author agrees with MM. Gory and Percheron, and with myself, as

some new Coleopterous Insects. 37

regards its affinities. Beyond the differences pointed out between

the Goliathus rhinophyllus and the true species of Goliathus by Mr.

Mac Leay, I may observe that, in all the species of Goliathus I

have been able to examine, I have found the process of the metas-

ternum remarkably broad, and, in some, extended almost to the

base of the anterior pair of legs, whilst in PAzlistina, or Mycteristes,

this process is narrow, and but slightly prominent.

Though, however, the Mycteristes Cumingit approaches most

nearly to the G. rhinophyllus, there are several points of distinction

worthy of notice, and which perhaps might be regarded as sub-

generic,—in which case I should propose that the name Phedimus*

be applied,—the horn on the head and that on the thorax in JJ.

Cumingii are much stouter ; that on the head is shorter, and has

a protuberance in front, and that on the thorax is distinctly forked

at the extremity, and is perfected with a flattened projecting pro-

cess beneath: the legs are stouter—(I am comparing the males

together)—and the anterior tibize are not notched externally; the

tarsi are shorter, and the claws are much longer, and there are

no brushes of stiff hairs on the under side of the tibize, —these

velvet-like pads are found on all the tibize (of the male only),

and extend from the tip rather more than half-way towards the

base.

The colouring of this insect is remarkably brilliant, and change-

able according to the light; in one position it presents a splendid

golden-green tint, in another it presents a yellow cast, and appears,

as it were, washed with golden green: this yellow hue however is

not observable on the head and thorax, whilst on the other hand

it is most conspicuous on the thighs and tarsi. In these latter I

find all the joints tipped with blackish, and with a spot of the

same colour on each side ; the tibia of the female are deep green,

excepting at the tip, where a yellowish hue is observable; the

tarsi are also deep green, but the terminal joint of those of the

hind legs has the apical half yellow. The thorax and scutellum

are smooth, the elytra are covered with minute confluent punc-

tures; the body beneath is thickly punctured, and covered nearly

throughout with minute, decumbent, yellow hairs.

The head is thickly punctured in the female, and the clypeus is

distinctly emarginated ; the thorax is also distinctly punctured ; on

the disc, however, there are but few of these impressions ; an

impressed line runs parallel with, and close to, the lateral margins,

and near this line are a few indistinct reddish spots; some scat-

tered hairs are observable on the margins of the thorax, and there

are a few on the upper surface, and likewise on the elytra.

* gaidios, bright, handsome.

38 Mr. Waterhouse’s Descriptions of

Genus Lomaptera, Gory and Perch.

Sp. 1. Lomaptera cupripes.

Lom. viridis ; elytrorum marginibus, pedibusque cupreis.

Long. corp. 14—15 lin. ; lat. 6—7 lin.

Hab. apud Insulas Philippinenses.

In Coll. Waterh., Mus. Brit. &c.

This appears to approach very nearly the Lomaptera valida

(Chevrolat) of MM. Gory and Percheron’s Monograph, but the

club of the antenne is black, and not yellow, as in that species.

The general colour of the insect is deep green; the anterior ex-

ternal angle of the elytra, as well as the outer margins and the

legs, are of a copper colour; the body beneath, the clypeus, and

the basal joint of the antenne, are sometimes of the same tint;

the remaining joints of the antennz and the palpi are black.

The clypeus is deeply cleft, and thickly punctured, excepting in

the middle. ‘Thorax attenuated in front, slightly produced in the

middle of the lateral margins, but broadest behind; the anterior

margin is also slightly produced in the middle, and the anterior

angles are obtuse; the posterior angles are acute; the produced

posterior portion of the thorax, which nearly hides the scutellum,

is nearly in the form of an equilateral triangle, but with the apex

slightly rounded; the sides of the thorax are thickly punctured,

but the disc is smooth: the apical portion of the elytra is thickly

covered with exceedingly minute waved ruge,—like scratches

made by a sharply pointed instrument,—and so are the terminal

segments of the abdomen: the sternum is rather coarsely, but not

thickly, punctured, and there are numerous distinct punctures on

the abdominal segments, some of which form a transverse line.

Sp. 2. Lomaptera nigro-enea.

Lom. nigro-enea ; corpore subtus, antennis pedibusque nigris.

Long. corp. unc. 1; lat. 4? lin.

Hab. apud Insulas Philippinenses.

In Coll. Waterh., Mus. Brit. &c.

Like the L. cupripes in form, but of a smaller size, and aneous-

black colour; the clypeus is rather less deeply notched, but

punctured in the same way, and so are the sides of the thorax,

and on the apical portion of the elytra, and terminal segment of

the abdomen, there are similar minute ruge, and two short striz

running from the tip of the elytra parallel with the suture. The

abdominal segments are impunctate in one of the specimens before

me,* but in the other there are punctures on these parts, but they

* The same specimen has the abdomen of a pitchy colour.

some new Coleopterous Insects. 39

are not so numerous as in P. cupripes; the sternum is less dis-

tinctly punctured.

I have examined numerous specimens of this and the preceding

species, and have always found the difference of size and colour-

ing combined,

Genus Macronora, Wiedemann.

Sp. 1. Macronota Philippinensis.*

Macr. nigra; antennis, palpis, tibiis, tarsisque piceo-rubris ;

capite lineis duabus, thorace lineis tribus, scutello nec non,

elytris maculis quinque lineisque duabus, auratis,

Long. corp. 84 lin.

Hab. ad Insulas Philippinarum. In Mus. Brit. &c.

This species is larger, and proportionably broader, than the

Macronota regia of MM. Gory and Percheron. Its general

colour is dull black. In the specimen before me the prominent

parts of the thorax and elytra are glossy, but this is probably

produced by rubbing. The upper surface of the head and cly-

peus is thickly punctured, and presents two longitudinal golden

yellow lines ; the space between these lines is slightly elevated,

especially on the hinder part of the head. The thorax is but

slightly broader behind than in front; the anterior and lateral

margins are rounded, and the posterior margin is sinuated on

either side; the disc is longitudinally depressed ; the depression

is deep behind; the upper surface is thickly punctured, and co-

vered with minute black hairs, excepting in the parts which are

coloured yellow, these consist of a broadish central mark, and a

narrow line running parallel with and close to the lateral and an-

terior margin of the thorax. The elytra are somewhat suddenly

contracted behind the shoulders, and slightly attenuated behind ;

they are dull black, thickly but finely punctured, depressed in the

region of the scutellum, and have the disc nearly flat, and the

shoulders prominent. The scutellum is yellow, and there is a

transverse narrow mark of the same colour on the base of each

elytron, this mark touching the scutellum; on a line with the tip

of the scutellum, and but little removed from the suture, are two

reddish patches ; besides these, the elytra present five golden

yellow spots,—a transverse spot on the suture, about midway be-

tween the base and apex of the elytra, and four lateral spots, two

on each side and not very far removed from the central one,—and

behind these are two lines running parallel with and close to the

* This is certainly the Macronota auro-guttata, described, since this paper was

read, by Burmeister, in the third volume of his Handbuch, p. 323.

40 Mr. Waterhouse’s Descriptions of

suture; these lines do not quite extend to the apex of the elytra,

but near this part they suddenly diverge: on the sides of the

abdomen above are four yellow spots, and on the terminal segment

there is one largish round spot of the same colour. There is,

moreover, a patch of yellow on each side of the prothorax beneath,

and the remaining parts of the body beneath present six largish

transverse spots on each side. The femora are black, excepting

at the apex, and on the upper surface of the apical half, where

they are of the same reddish colour as the tibia and tarsi, and, I

may add, the tip of the clypeus, the antennz and palpi.

Sp. 2. Macronota nigro-cerulea.

Macr. nigra, nitida, indistincté czeruleo-tincta.

Long. corp. 1 unc. 1 lin.; lat. 6 lin.

Hab. ad Insulas Philippinenses.

In Coll. Waterh., Mus. Brit. &c.

This species is remarkable for its uniform bluish black colour ;

it is rather larger than the Macronota Diardii of MM. Gory and

Percheron’s Monograph, the head is rather shorter and the clypeus

is wider—broadest in front, where it is not very deeply emargi-

nated; the upper surface is thickly punctured: the thorax is

narrower than in M. Diardii, the lateral margins are nearly parallel,

it being but slightly broader behind than in the middle, and on

the fore part it becomes somewhat suddenly contracted; the

posterior angles are acute, and the hinder margin is produced in

the middle in about the same degree as in M. Diardii; the central

portion is but slightly depressed, and, unless with a powerful lens,

no punctures are visible; on the lateral margins, however, there

are distinct confluent punctures: the elytra are broader than in

M. Diardii, less attenuated posteriorly, and suddenly contracted

behind the shoulders, as in that species; the shoulders are very

prominent, and in the region of the scutellum the elytra are much

depressed; towards the outer margins are some faint punctures

and rugee, and the other parts are smooth—at least, but few very

minute punctures are visible: the scutellum is much larger than

in M. Diardii, and concave in front: the body beneath is smooth ;

the anterior tibize are broader than in the species just mentioned,

and are tridentate externally.

Genus Xytorrupes, Hope.

Xylotrupes pubescens.

Xyl. nigrescenti-fuscus ; et supra et infra pilis decumbentibus

vestitus; capite cornu ad apicem bifido, paulo recurvo;

some new Coleopterous Insects. 41

thorace anticé in cornu robusto et elongato antrorsum ducto,

ad apicem bifido-armatis.

Hab. ad Insulas Philippinenses.

In Coll. Waterh., Mus. Brit. &c.

This species is closely allied to the Sc. Oromedon ; but is re-

markable for being covered with a silky pubescence,

Genus Evcuetrus, Kirby.

Eucheirus quadrilineatus.*

Euch. obscuré nigro-zeneus; thorace punctulato; elytris levi-

bus, lineis quatuor fusco-flavescentibus ornatis ; corpore

subtus pilis fuscis instructo.

Long. corp. (¢), 2 unc. 5 lin.; lat. 1 unc. 23 lin,

Hab. ad Insulas Philippinenses. In Mus. Brit.

Description—Head of a dull bronze colour above, subquadrate,

but rather broader behind than before ; clypeus somewhat concave

above, the anterior margin presenting a slightly waved, but nearly

straight, line; upper surface minutely punctured ; antennz black,

the club pitechy. Thorax also of a dull bronze colour above,

rather narrower than the elytra; 114 lines broad, 7 lines long;

the sides rounded, the broadest part rather behind the middle, and

the fore part contracted ; upper surface very finely punctured; a

considerable space on the hinder half of the thorax in the middle

is nearly destitute of punctures, and slightly glossy ; on the disc

are two joint depressions, and at some little distance from the

lateral line, and situated on the hinder half of the thorax, are two

slightly marked longitudinal depressions; the hinder margin is

slightly produced in the region of the scutellum, and the hinder

angles are obtuse. The scutellum is of moderate size. The

elytra are blackish-green, or deep bronze colour, slightly glossy,

without strize or punctures; 1 inch 73 lines long, and but little

dilated in the middle: a broad yellowish brown band runs from

the base of each elytron nearly parallel with the suture, and

extends almost to the apex, where it is joined by a second mark

of the same colour, which runs parallel with, and near, the outer

margin, but is not continued quite to the base of the elytron. The

under parts of the thorax, and the sternum, are densely covered

with brown hairs; the abdominal. segments are of a bronze

colour, and slightly pubescent at the sides. The thighs are very

* Since this paper was read the male of the present species has been described

by Dr. Burmeister in Germar’s Zeitschrift (iii. p. 227), under the name Euchirus

Dupontianus. A beautiful figure of the same insect has likewise been executed

for Burmeister’s ‘‘ Genera Insectorum,” but it has not yet been published.

42 Mr. Waterhouse’s Descriptions of

stout—especially the posterior pair—black, with an obscure

bronze tint; the tibize and tarsi are black: the anterior tibize are

broad, 8 lines long, strongly quadridentate externally, and with

two small dentations near the base; the tibize of the middle and

posterior legs are beset with numerous stout and sharply pointed

spines—these are chiefly confined to the upper and outer surface ;

the posterior tibiae are much dilated at the distal extremity, where

there are four stout spines: the tarsi are about equal in length to

the tibize from which they spring: the claws each present a double

hook, The terminal segment of the abdomen is furnished with

two conspicuous tufts of reddish hairs.

The specimen from which the above description is taken is a

female, and, as might be expected, does not present the peculiar

character from which the Scarabeus longimanus received its

name; its anterior tibiae and femora are, in fact, not more elon-

gated than most other species of the section. In general appear-

ance (the colouring excepted) the present insect so resembles the

S. longimanus, that Mr. Melly, to whom it was shown, at once

pronounced it the female of one of that group, and, upon a careful

examination, I have found his opinion correct. The structure of

the middle and posterior pairs of legs is the same, and it moreover

possesses the doubly hooked claw (or it may be described as having

a hooked spine on the under side of the claw), which is one of

the characters upon which M. Laporte founds his genus Parropus,

the type of which is the Scarabeus longimanus.

Section LONGICORNES.

Family SAPERDIDZ.

Genus Dotiors,* Nov. Gen.

Caput quam thorax angustius, paulé productum et posticeé cylin-

draceum: oculi reniformes: palpi mediocres, articulis termi-

nalibus oblongo-ovatis, et subtruncatis: antenne 11-articu-

latee, breves et graciles; articulo basali elongato; secundo

brevi; tertio perlongo, et ad apicem dilatato ; articulis reliquis

mediocribus.

Thorax subglobosus, postice constrictus.

Elytra perbrevia, valdé convexa, humeris prominulis.

Pedes paulo grandes, femoribus in medio crassescentibus, tibiis

latis, compressis ; tarsis brevibus, latis.

Doliops curculionoides.

Dol. obscuré viridi-znea, indistincté czrulescente relucens ;

* Aorios, deceitful, and 2, the face, aspect, &c.; from the circumstance of

its having the face or aspect of a group to which it does not belong.

some new Coleopterous Insects. 43

palpis nigris; antennis articulis tertio et sequentibus gris-

cescentibus, ad apicem nigris ; capite lined alba longitudina-

liter notato; elytris quatuor-decim guttis flavescenti-albis

adspersis; maculis eodem colore corpus subtus ornantibus ;

tarsis cinereis, articulo terminali nigro.

Long. corp. 53 lin.; lat. 23 lin.

Hab. ad Insulas Philippinenses. In Mus, Brit.

This insect has more nearly the aspect of some of the Curcu-

lionide than of any of the species of its own group; its re-

semblance in size, form and colouring to a certain species of

Pachyrhynchus, which Mr. Cuming found in the same locality, is

remarkable.

The head is vertical, rather small and narrow; the labrum is

rather broader than long, and slightly emarginated in front; the

palpi are moderately large and long; the middle joint of the

maxillary palpi is rather shorter than the other two, and the

terminal joint of both maxillary and labial palpi is the largest ;

this joint is slightly swollen in the middle, and truncated at the

apex. The antenne are somewhat approximated at the base,

very slender, and, when bent backwards, do not quite extend to

the apex of the elytra; the basal joint exceeds either of the other

joints in length, excepting the third joint, and is but slightly

stouter; the second joint is very short; the third is very long,

being about equal to the three following joints taken together, and

very nearly twice as long as the first joint, it is slender at the

base, but compressed and considerably dilated at the opposite

extremity; the fourth joint is shorter than the first, but longer

than either of the following joints, which are nearly equal to each

other, but diminish slightly in length towards the apex of the

antenna. The eyes are very deeply emarginated internally, and

encircle the base of the antenne. The thorax is broader than the

head, but scarcely more than half the width of the elytra; its

length and width are about equal, and its form is nearly globose ;

close to the anterior margin is a transverse groove, and the hinder

part is distinctly constructed and cylindrical, and presents a

slight transverse groove close to the hinder margin, and a second,

deeper, transverse groove in front of this. The elytra are nearly

ovate, very convex, about one-fourth longer than broad, slightly

rounded at the apex, and have the humeral angles somewhat

prominent. The legs are long and stout; the femora are distinctly

incrassated near the middle; the tibiz are compressed, and there

is a faint denticulation on the outer side of the middle pair, as we

observe in Dorcadion, Colobothea, &c.: the tarsi are broad.

44 Mr. Waterhouse’s Descriptions of

The general colour is brassy-green: on the upper surface of

the head is a longitudinal yellowish-white stripe; the thorax has

two small dots of the same colour situated in front and towards

the sides, and, on either side, just above the base of the femur, is

a large round spot: on the elytra are fourteen nearly equidistant

round spots; two of these are situated near the scutellum (which

is of moderate size and somewhat rounded behind), four on the

disc of the elytra, two towards the apex, and three on each side

near the outer margin: a spot is observable on each side of the

meso- and meta-thoracic segments beneath, and of the abdominal

segments ; the first abdominal segment has two additional quadrate

spots—all these spots are formed of yellowish-white scales, which

have a faint metallic lustre. The first and second joints of the

antenne are brassy-green; the third is black, but with a greyish

pubescence beneath ; the fourth is greyish, tipped with black, and

the following joints are brownish, The thorax is nearly smooth

above, but under a strong lens exhibits numerous very minute

punctures; on the sides are some distinct punctures, and these

parts are clothed with minute decumbent hairs—perhaps the upper

surface may have been covered with similar hairs, which in the

specimen before me have been rubbed off. The elytra are punc-

tured, and the punctures are most deep and most abundant on the

fore part.

The short ovate body of this insect would at first lead one to

suppose it allied to the Dorcadions; but in the form of the head,

the slenderness of the antenna, and structure of the legs, it

appears to me to approach more nearly to certain Saperde, and

especially to the genus Colobothea, where the antenne are approxi-

mated at the base.

Doliops* geometrica.

Dol. splendidé viridi-znea; capite lineis tribus, harum und

interoculari, una utrinque suboculari; thorace lineis mar-

ginalibus, et supra lineis tribus (und abbreviata), notato;

elytris lineis duabus transversis mediam versus, ad basin

area transversa irregulari, ad apicem area triangulari, lineis

pallidis circumdatis: omnibus lineis squamis albis effectis:

antennis articulis tertio et sequentibus ad basin rufescentibus.

Long. corp. 64 lin.

In Mus. Brit.

This species presents all the essential characters of the type of

* This genus is characterized in the Proceedings of the Entomological Society

of London for April, 1841, p. 27.

some new Coleopterous Insects. 45

the genus Doliops (D. curculionides), and greatly resembles that

insect in size and form; but the thorax has marks, or lines,

instead of spots. Its colouring is more brilliant.

VII. On the Linnean Species of Staphylinus, a Genus of

Coleopterous Insects. By J. OQ. Westwoop, F.LS. &c.

[Read 5 Oct. 1840; 1 March, 1841.]

My attention having been directed by Dr. Erichson of Berlin

(the author of avery valuable work upon the family Stuphylinide)

to several of the species of that family described by Linnzus, and

preserved in the Linnzan Cabinet of Insects, with the view of

clearing up the synonymy of such species, I have extended my

examination to the whole of the twenty-six species described by

the great Swede, including several species in addition to those of

which Dr, Erichson requested my opinion.

Sp. 1. Staphylinus hirtus is the Emus hirtus of Leach; Sta-

phylinus hirtus of most continental authors,

Sp. 2. Staph. murinus is a species of Staphylinus (subgenus

Trichoderma, Steph.) The Linnzan specimen is nearly 3 of an

inch long (‘‘ Insectum inter majores, non maximos,” Linn.) It

is the St. murinus of Olivier, 3, 15, pl. 6, fig. 51, 6, and Panzer,

pl. 66, fig. 16. By Fabricius, and all other English and foreign

authors, it is given under the name of Staph. nebulosus, Fabr.

The Staph. murinus of Fabricius, Marsham, Stephens, Erichson,

&c., is a smaller species. De Geer has confounded both under his

first species of Staphylinus, but has figured the true S¢. murinus.

Sp. 3. Staph. maxillosus. Under this name Linnzus confounded

two distinct species, namely, the Creophilus maxillosus of Kirby,

and the Goerius olens of Leach. From the short specific character

given in the F. Su. and the Syst. N. it would appear that Linnzus

intended the former insect as the type of the species; but the

description given in the former work, “ Hic maximos inter nostros

est.—Elytra atra in quibusdam cineritie levi nebulosa,” as well as

the figure of Geoffroy and description of Ray, referred to by

46 Mr. J. O. Westwood on the

Linnzus, show that G. olens was the insect he had chiefly in view.

In the Systema Nature, however, he endeavoured to get over the

difficulty by stating, ‘ Junior undique tomentosus per elytra et

abdomen cum fascia cinerea elytrorum et abdominis. Provectior

glaber et totus ater evadit.” Hence Gravenhorst supposed that

Linnzus could not have known the species figured by Geoffroy

(G. olens), which appears to be rare in Sweden; but that the indi-

vidual which he considered as Provectior was an abraded C. max-

allosus. This opinion, which Mr. Shuckard has recently reiterated,

(El. Brit. Ent. p. 116,) and which seems supported by the Linnzean

character, ‘‘ glaber et totus ater,” a character which far better

agrees with an abraded maaillosus than an ordinary olens, is never-

theless incorrect, there being no abraded specimen of maxillosus

in the Linnzan Cabinet ; whilst an ordinary specimen of mazillosus,

and one of olens, are both stuck through the Linnean label,* the

latter placed first.

Sp. 4. Staph. erythropterus. ‘This species has been regarded

by Fabricius and most subsequent authors as composed of those

large specimens of Staphylinus, with red elytra and legs, which

have the hind margin of the prothorax golden coloured, and the

scutellum black. The expression of Linnzeus, “ Est inter majores,

non maximos numerandus,” is in favour of this opinion, these

individuals being larger than any of the allied species. The

antennz of these insects are however red at the base and brown

at the apex, whereas Linnzeus says, “ Antenne nigre basi et

apice rufescentes ;” which character, in conjunction with an

entirely black prothorax and golden scutellum, is found in the

St. castanopterus of Gravenhorst and Gyllenhal. Dr. Erichson

accordingly gives the latter species as the true Linnean St. ery-

thropterus, and the St. erythropterus of Fabricius and most other

authors under the name of St. cesareus of Cederheim. The

typical Linnzean specimen however, being that which is stuck

through the ticket in the handwriting of Linnzeus, is of the largest

size, with a golden posterior margin to the thorax. The antenne

are brown, with the base alone red. ‘There are two speci-

mens agreeing in these characters placed side by side, and a

third specimen is added, which, however, has the prothorax

entirely black, and the scutellum golden coloured, or the St.

castanopterus.

* Another insect is also stuck through the Linnean label agreeing with the

typical specimen in size, but having the disc of the thorax destitute of the two

rows of impressed punctures.

Linnean Species of Staphylinus. 47

Sp. 5. Staph. politus. Under this name Linnzus confounded

several distinct species of the genus Philonthus of Leach, regard-

ing them as varieties of the same species. On referring however

to the Linnean Cabinet we find that the only individual which

agrees with his observation, ‘ Differentia specifica essentialis

consistit in thorace decem punctis excavatis, sed vix absque lente

conspiciendis,” is the specimen, the pin of which is stuck through the

specific label, and which appears to me to be identical with the

Staph. eneus of Gravenhorst, Gyllenhal and Erichson. It is nearly

five lines long. The head is large and square, with the sides

deeply punctured behind the eyes ; the anterior margin of the head

has a large central impression, with a much smaller one on each

side half way between it and the eyes; the inner and anterior

angle of the eyes having one deep and several smaller impres-

sions. The disc of the thorax has two posteriorly diverging rows

of five punctures on the anterior part of the disc, the two anterior

ones being close together on the anterior margin of the thorax ;

the first of these two being placed nearer to the lateral angles,

and not strictly forming one of the longitudinal series of punc-

tures. The insect thus agrees with the Linnean character quoted

above, whilst at the same time it must be referred to Gyllenhal’s

8rd subdivision of the genus, ‘ thoracis seriebus dorsalibus

4-punctatis ;” although, were not this explanation given, it would

appear to belong to his 4th subdivision, ‘“ thoracis seriebus dor-

salibus 5-punctatis.” The antenne are entirely black, as are also

the legs. This description will be seen to accord with Gyllenhal

and Erichson’s description of St. e@neus, except that they do not

mention the large impressed puncture in the middle of the front

of the face.

The Staph. politus of the Swedes and Germans is quite distinct,

having an oval head with the basal joint of the antenne red

beneath. Mr. Stephens, in his catalogue, gives the Staph. politus,

** Mus. Linné,” under the name of St, puncticollis, Kirby,* as

identical with the @neus of Gravenhorst, and similis of Marsham ;

but in his I]lustrations he describes it as having the head broad and

orbiculate, which will not agree with the Linnean specimen. He

moreover describes another species, placed next to the puncticollis,

under the Linnean name of politus, but having the head ovate and

narrower than the thorax. He adds, indeed, that the head is

* Mr. Kirby has rejected the name of politus for the species retained in ‘‘ Mus.

Linné,” as well as that of eneus, given to it by Gravenhorst, the latter name

having been previously used by De Geer for a species of this genus closely

allied to, if not a variety of, the St, laminatus of Creutzer.

48 Mr. J. O. Westwood on the

smaller in one sex: but surely as the form of the head in this

genus constitutes one of the chief specific characters, he would

have recorded the square form of the head in some of the speci-

mens of his two species did they possess such a character, which

is indeed so strongly conspicuous in the Linnzan specimen. He

also describes the antenne of his St. politus as having black

antennz. In this character it therefore differs from the politus of

the Germans and the Swedes, although they, as well as Stephens,

give the same references to Linnzus, Marsham and Olivier.

The Staph. politus of De Geer is given by Erichson as identical

with Ocypus fuscatus. The Staph. politus of Panzer (27, fig. 7)

belongs to Gyllenhal’s sixth section of Staphylinus, or Philonthus,

** Thoracis seriebus dorsalibus multipunctatis.” It is identical

with the Staph. punctus of Gravenhorst, Gyllenhal and Erichson

—multipunctatus, Mannerheim. The Staph. politus of Paykull is

a still different species.

Sp. 6. Staph. rufus is the Oxyporus rufus of Fabricius, and all

other subsequent authors.

Sp. 7. Staph. lunulatus is a species of Leach’s genus Bolitotius,

and has been considered by Gravenhorst, Gyllenhal, Erichson,

Stephens, &c. to be the species which has the entire base of the

elytra, as well as the scutellum, of a pale rufo-testaceous colour ;

the allied individuals with a blue-black scutellum, and a basal

lunule on the elytra, being considered as a distinct species, under

the name of B. atricapillus, by Fabricius and most subsequent

authors. By Panzer, however, (F. I. G. 22, fig. 15,) and Zetter-

stedt, (Faun. Lapp. 1, 65, 10, and Ins. Lapp. 58, 11,) the latter

individuals are figured and described as the true St. lunulatus,

whilst the unulatus of Gravenhorst, &c. is given as the atricapillus,

Fab.; Zetterstedt observing of the former (S. dunulatus, Pz.)

“* Nomen triviale notis magis conveniens nec non frequentia indi-

viduorum (saltem in Suecia media et meridionali) affirmare videntur

hunc esse illam ipsam speciem quam spectat Il]. a Linné, licet ejus

descriptio brevis et manca sequenti seu Zach. atricapillo nostro

{/unulato, Fab.] etiam adaptari possit: sed hic in Suecia perrarus

forsitan a Linnzo non cognitus.” In support of this observation

the Linnzean specimen belongs, as indeed the specific name itself

sufficiently indicates, to the species with the pale lunule at the

base of the elytra.

Sp. 8. Staph. riparius is the Pederus riparius of Fabricius and

all other authors.

Linnean Species of Staphylinus. 49

Sp. 9. Staph. obtusus is a species of Tachyporus, as indicated

by Gravenhorst, Stephens and Erichson; the last of whom gives

it as synonymous with Oxyporus analis, Fab. Stephens also gives

the latter as a variety of it. In the Linnean specimen the head

and abdomen are yellow, and the black base of the elytra does

not extend more than two-fifths of the length of those organs.

Sp. 10. Staph. lignorum appears to have been overlooked by all

subsequent authors, except Mr. Hope, who considers it to be a

species of Tachyporus (Coleopt. Man. 3, p. 57). The Linnzean

specimen is however a species of Tachinus, of the size of T. sub-

terraneus, being 23 lines long, with the head black; the antenne

fuscous; the thorax castaneous, with two small discoidal dark

spots wide apart beyond the middle of the disc, and the lateral

margins paler; the elytra luteous, with the suture darker; the

abdomen brown, the margins of the segments, and the large

terminal segment, paler luteous-brown, except the latter, which is

darker towards the base; the feet are luteo-fulvous.

It is difficult to conceive that this description can agree with

that given in the Fauna Sueceia, in which we read “ Corpus totum

lineare longiusculum;” but the further character, ‘“ Thorax

versus elytra duobus punctis excavatis notatus,” as well as the

colours of the elytra, evidently and satisfactorily prove that the

specimen still preserved in the Linnzean Cabinet, and from which

the above description is drawn, is the true Linnzan species.

Sp. 11. Staph. Silphoides is also a species of Tachinus, synony-

mous with the 7’. suturalis of Gravenhorst and Panzer (18, fig. 20).

The Linnzan specimen has the discoidal mark on each of the

elytra of a reverse pear-shape, the major part of the elytra being

fulvous.

Sp. 12. Staph. subterraneus is also a species of Tachinus, as

correctly indicated by Gravenhorst, Stephens and Erichson. The

specimen preserved in the Linnean Cabinet is 23 lines long. It

exactly accords with the Linnzan description, although the specific

ticket is in the handwriting of the younger Linnzus.

Sp. 13. Staph. flavescens is a species which all recent Ento-

mologists have failed in recognizing. Fabricius gives it as identical

with his Staph. flavescens, which, according to Gyllenhal and

Erichson, is a species of Philonthus, namely, Ph. discoideus. The

former of these authors observes upon the last named species,

VOL. IV. E

50 Mr. J. O. Westwood on the

“« St. flavescens cl. Fabricii certe huc pertinere videtur, sed cl.

Linnzi ejusdem nominis minime idem” (Ins. Suec. 2, 332); and

Gravenhorst says of the Linnean insect, “ similis Staph. subter-

raneo,” evidently borrowed from the Linnzean expression “ priori

[subterraneo| similis ;” but Linnzeus adds, “sed quadruplo minor —

abdomen fere subulatum.” Its size must have been very minute,

for it is described as “ inter omnes nostros minimus utpote qui

pulicem non excedit.”

There is no specimen of the insect in the Linnzean Cabinet, so

that it is now impossible to determine it with any degree of

certainty.

Sp. 14. Staph. elongatus is a species of Lathrobium: in which

genus there are three closely allied species, St. elongatus, L.,

S. fulvipennis, Grav., and L. rufipenne, Gyll., in all which the

elytra are of a red colour, with the base black. These three

species differ chiefly from each other in the form of the head and

thorax, and in the under side of the penultimate segment of the

abdomen of the males. The Linnean specimen is a female, and

appears to be identical with the Lathr. elongatum of Erichson,

and probably of Stephens, being 4 lines long. The last named

author, it is however to be observed, in describing 1. elongatum,

adopts the description given by Gyllenhal of his LZ. elongatum ;

but Dr. Erichson has shown that Gyllenhal’s description does not

apply to his insect, Gyllenhal’s Z. elongatum being one-quarter or

even one-half of the size of L. brunnipes, which is also 4 lines

long, according to Erichson as well as Stephens; neither does the

form of the penultimate segment of the abdomen of the males

accord.

Sp. 15. Staph. biguttatus. This species is a Stenus, but the

Linnean character is so short that it will equally suit any one of

the species which have a pale fulvous spot on the elytra. The

hind legs (which are entirely black) and the abdomen are all that

remain of the Linnzean specimen. ‘The abdomen is the same size

as that of St. bipustulatus. Gyllenhal doubtingly gives St. bigut-

tatus of Linnzus as identical with Dianous cerulescens, and imme-

diately after gives the bipustulatus of Linnzeus and Marsham under

the name of bigutiatus of Fabricius, Grav., Pz., and Oliv.

Erichson, on the contrary, gives the boguttatus of these last men-

tioned authors as identical with the biguttatus of Linneus, omitting

the bipustulatus. Stephens, however, omits the reference of bigut-

Linnean Species of Staphylinus. bl

tatus of Linneeus, but gives the biguttatus of Gravenhorst, and

the dipustulatus of Linneeus, as distinct species.

Sp. 16. Staph. bipustulatus. No specimen of this insect is un-

fortunately to be found in the Linnean Cabinet. The Linnean

description however, although very short, seems sufficiently to

prove that it is a species of Stenus, ‘‘ corpus valde oblongum,

magnitudine minoris pediculi, antennz clavate,” as well as the

circumstance of Linneus bringing that and the preceding into

juxtaposition in his latest work. In the uncertainty necessarily

resulting from the loss of the Linnean specimen, it would be

useless to attempt to decide upon the precise species of spotted

Stenus to which the description was intended to apply. By

Marsham, followed by Curtis and Stephens, it is given as a distinct

species of Stenus. By Gyllenhal and Zetterstedt it (as well as

the S. bipustulatus of Ljungh) is referred to the St. biguttatus,

Fab., (Juno b. of Paykull,) which our English authors give as

distinct. Fabricius describes a very different insect to this

under the same name, S. bipustulatus, which belongs to the genus

Philonthus, and which is figured by Panzer (27, 10). I mention

this because Mr. Stephens has accidentally referred to this figure

under the Stenus bipustulatus.

Sp. 17. Staph. Cantharellus. This insect is also wanting in the

Linnean Collection. It appears to have been entirely overlooked

by subsequent authors, except Mr. Hope, who says of it, ‘‘ probably

a Stenus, or a genus closely allied to it.’” The words of Linnzus,

however,—* simillimus Cantharidi biguttate. Elytra abdomine

dimidio breviora, mollia, fusco-glaucescentia, apice puncto flavo.

Abdomen molle, glaucum,”—evidently prove that this insect does

not belong to the Brachelytra, but rather to the genus Malthinus.

Its size is said to be * pediculo } minus.”

Sp. 18. Staph. littoreus is a species of the genus Conurus Steph.,

and identical with Oxyp. cellaris, Fab., Grav., Gyll., as correctly

indicated by Erichson, who has collected numerous other syno-

nymes in his later work. It is proper, however, to observe that

Mr. Stephens had first suggested the identity of the two species

in his catalogue, and that Mr. Curtis has subsequently published

a beautiful figure of the insect, with its Linnzan name, in his

British Entomology, pl. 762.

Sp. 19. Staph. sanguineus. By Fabricius, and almost all suc-

E2

52 Mr. J. O. Westwood on the

ceeding authors, this insect is regarded as one of the Pselaphide,

belonging to Leach’s genus Bryazis, whilst Gyllenhal’s (Ins. Suec.

4, 232) description and reference assign it to the T'yrus mucronatus

of Aubé; and to add to the confusion, Panzer figures a red

species of Euplectus with a black head, with the same name and

reference, although Linnzeus expressly says, “ totus ater glaber,

exceptis elytris sanguineis.” The Linnzean specimen, however,

belongs to the sub-family Aleocharides and genus Aleochara, being

closely allied to 4. fuscipes. Mr. Kirby, in his manuscripts upon

this family, communicated to Mr. Stephens and incorporated by

him in his catalogue and illustrations, had noticed this cirecum-

stance, and restored the specific name to the species, under which

it is described by Mr. Stephens (Ill. Mand. 5, p.160). It appears

to be identical with the small specimens of 4/. mitis, Grav., men-

tioned by Erichson, (Gen. et Sp. Staph. i. 163,) as probably

identical with the 4/. crassicornis of Boisduval and Lacordaire, or

with the 41. rufipennis of Erichson (Er. cit. p. 162, which is how-

ever distinct from the rufipennis of Kirby and Stephens). I

possess a specimen of this insect from Mr. Haworth’s Cabinet,

which had been compared by Mr. Kirby himself with the Lin-

nan specimen of Sp. sanguineus, and to which is also attached

the name 41. lugens, G., as asynonym. Mr. Stephens has also

given that species as belonging to the same group of Aleochara

as the Al. fuscipes and sanguinea. Dr. Erichson, having intro-

duced Al. lugens into his genus Myrmedonia, evidently considers

that Stephens and Kirby have erred in this respect; the maxille

of my specimen of sanguinea, as I find on dissection, agree how-

ever with those of A/. fuscipes, whereas the maxillee of Myrmedonia

are very differently formed (Erich. pl. 3, fig. 21).

Sp. 20. Staph. caraboides, Linn., belongs to the genus Lesteva,

Latr., and subgenus Anthophagus (as restricted by Dr. Erichson),

There are two closely allied species which have been confused in

their synonymes, namely, 4. caraboides and A. testaceus. By

Gravenhorst the species with a subcordate thorax is regarded as

the St. caraboides, whilst that with a quadrate head is named

A. testaceus. Messrs. Boisduval and Lacordaire, in the Faune

Entomologique de Paris, have transposed these names; but Dr.

Erichson has restored them, and with propriety, the thorax of

the Linnzean specimen being evidently subcordate. The head

can, however, scarcely be termed piceous, although considerably

darker coloured than the thorax, which is bright testaceous; the

elytra are paler, and the basal joint of the antennz is paler than

the following joints.

Linnean Species of Staphylinus. 53

Sp. 21. Staph. chrysomelinus is a species of Tachyporus, closely

allied to Staph. obtusus, Linn., respecting the specific identity of

which there appears to be no diversity of opinion, although the

label in the Linnzan Cabinet is in the handwriting of the younger

Linneus. The Oxyporus melanocephalus of Fabricius, and Staph.

merdarius of Marsham, are to be considered as varieties of it.

Sp. 22. Staph. flavipes appears to have been lost sight of, or

doubtfully treated by, subsequent Entomologists. Fabricius

indeed gave this name and reference to a species which is identical

with the Omalium planum of Gravenhorst, according to Dr. Erichson,

who has carefully examined the Fabrician Collections (who

observes on this synonym, “In Fabricius Sammlung befindet sich

dieser Kafer als Staph. flavipes: ob der Linneische wirklich

derselbe sei, geht aus Linne’s Beschreibung nicht hervor, wenn

dieselbe auch nichts enthalt was dem entgegen ware,” Col. March,

p- 637); whilst Mr. Kirby in his manuscripts gave it doubtingly

as a species of Falagria of Leach, (which reference Mr. Stephens

—Catal. p. 260—and Mr. Hope—Col. Man. 3, 20—have also

adopted). The Linnzean specimen (ticketed by the younger

Linnzus) is however a species of Yachyporus, identical with the

T. hypnorum, Fabr. (of which 7. marginatus and nitidulus are

evidently varieties). It is a line and a half long. The lateral

and posterior margins of the thorax are pale, the pale colour

being dilated at the posterior angles. The Linnzan description

is silent as to these pale margins of the thorax.

Sp. 23. Staph. fuscipes is another species which, from the in-

sufficient description given of it by Linnzus, has been hitherto

overlooked or doubtfully treated by subsequent authors. By

Fabricius a species of Aleochara was described under that name,

reference being also made by that author (Syst. Eleuth. 2, p. 598)

to Panzer’s F. I. G. 27, fig. 12. The latter figure however repre-

sents a species of Tachyporus (T. fimetarius, Grav.). Hence the

Fabrician species was also rendered doubtful; but Dr. Erichson

has satisfactorily proved that the latter is that species of Aleochara

known under that name. The Linnzan insect is however quite

distinct from either of the above, upon which Erichson observes,

** Staph. fuscipes, Linn., species dubia quidem est, at certe distincta

anostra. Thorace, capite et maxillis insignibus forte ad Oxytelum

vel potius Platystethum quendam spectans.” The Linnzean specimen,

however, belongs to the genus Gyrohypnus, Kirby, (Xantholinus,

Dahl.); and although Linnzeus describes it as ‘ pediculo fere

54 §Mr. J. O. Westwood on the Linnean Species, &c.

major,” his specimen is 3 lines long without the head, which is

wanting. The thorax is long and black, slightly narrowed behind,

with two discoidal rows of impressed dots (seven in each row),

the lateral rows being sparingly punctured; the elytra are testaceo-

luteous (fusca, Linn.), and the legs and coxe entirely testaceous

(‘‘ tibize flavescentes, non vero femora,” Linn.) It appears to me

to be identical with the G. lentus, Gravenhorst and Gyllenhal.

Sp. 24. Staph. rufipes is a species of the genus Tachinus, but

the specific name has been applied to various allied species by

Gravenhorst, De Geer, Olivier, Gyllenhal, Fabricius, and Stephens.

The Linnean insect is 23 lines long, and is identical with the

T. pullus of Gravenhorst, being, however, a variety of that species,

with the entire anterior, lateral and posterior margins of the thorax,

and the sides and apex of the elytra, pitchy red. Dr. Erichson has

also ascertained that the Oxyp. rufipes of the Fabrician Cabinet is

identical with Tach. pullus, Grav. The 7. rufipes of Gravenhorst,

Gyllenhal and Stephens is at once distinguished by the black

base of the antennze (which is red in the Linnzean specimen), and

is the true Oxyporus flavipes of the Fabrician Cabinet according

to Dr. Erichson (Kafer M. Brand. 1, 398).

Sp. 25. Staph. piceus belongs to the genus Oxytelus, as indeed

all subsequent authors have determined, although there is much

confusion in their works as to the precise species which is entitled

to the specific name. ‘The Linnzean specimen is a female 2 lines

long, with the head considerably smaller than the thorax, and

separated from it by a short neck. ‘The sides of the thorax are

entire and rounded, being slightly narrower behind than before

the middle. Gyllenhal has very correctly described the peculiar

sculpture of the thorax. I believe the Oxyp. piceus of the Eng-

lish Collections is a distinct species.

Sp. 26. Staph. boliti is a very minute species of Gyrophena,

being only half a line long according to Dr. Erichson, but is placed

by Mannerheim in his genus Bolitochara. The former author has

described two closely allied species under the names of Gyr. bolitz

and minima, but from the description of the antennz he appears

to have transposed the names; the third joint of the antennz

of the Linnzean specimens being the most minute, the fourth being

rather smaller than the fifth.

Mr. Frederick Parry’s Description, &c. 55

VIII. Description of a new Genus of Lucanide from New

Zealand. By FRepERIcK Parry, Esq.

[ Read 3 October, 1842.]

LAMELLICORNES.

Fam. LUCANID&, Leach.

N. G. Mrrornytuus,* mihi,

PI. I. fig. 4.

Characteres generict.

Forma Platyceri caraboides, at magis cylindricus, apice elytrorum

rotundato.

Antenne 10-articulatze, parum geniculate ; articulo Imo longo

incurvo, 2ndo minuto, quinque proximis gracilibus, 3tio 2do

plus duplo-longiori, 4-7 longitudine gradatim decrescentibus,

tribus ultimis, in masculo, singulatim elongato-filiformibus,

et pilosis.

Caput magnum, inerme, fronte inter antennas impressum.

Q@ minus,

Labrum parvum, quadratum, angulis anticis rotundatis, margine

antico longe piloso.

Mandibule ¢ crassz porrectz, capitis longitudine, apice curvate

et in dentem erectum supra productae, basi externe angulato ;

¢ minores elongato-triangulares, apice acute, denteque supero

ante apicem armatee.

Mazxille parve, lobo externo laciniiformi longe setoso, lobo

interno obsoleto.

Palpi mazillares 4-articulati, elongati, subfiliformes, articulo

ultimo ceteris longiori, fere recto.

Mentum magnitudine mediocri, lateribus rotundatis, antice

angustius.

Paipi labiales longi, 3 articulati, articulo ultimo longiori parum

curvato.

Prothorax transverso-quadratus, lateribus parum rotundatis,

fere latitudini elytrorum equalis.

Prosternum et mesosternum simplicia, haud producta.

Elytra elongata parallela, convexa, apice rotundata, punctata,

setulosa.

* Mitophyllus: from estos, filum, and pvaacy, a leaf, the terminal joints of the

antenne being like slender thread leaves.

56 Mr. Frederick Parry’s Description, §c.

Pedes longitudine mediocres, femoribus parum dilatatis, tibiis

anticis externe subserratis et unispinosis, anticis et inter-

mediis vix serratis, sed unispinosis.

Tarsi articulis subtus setosis, pseud-onychiis distinctis.

Observations.—The principal features of this new genus (which

is closely allied to Platycerus of Lat.) consist in the remarkable

structure of the antenne and mandibles. The female differs

considerably from the male, being of a more rotundate form,

whilst the head and eyes are much smaller, and the mandibles

scarcely visible ; the laminz of the antennee, although consisting

of the same number of joints, are not larger than ordinary in

insects of this family. It seems probable that Mitophyllus in New

Zealand takes the place of Platycerus. The above insect was

captured by my friend Captain Best of the 80th regiment, at

present in command of the troops at Port Nicholson, and to

whom I am much indebted for several new and interesting species

collected in New Zealand.

4 Mitophyllus irroratus, Parry.

Rubro-piceus, maculis obscuris atris per totum corpus aspersis ;

mandibulis porrectis recurvis, antice acutis posticeque den-

ticulatis. Antenne foliis tribus ultimis singulatim elongato-

filiformibus et pilosis. Thorax quadratus, immarginatus.

Elytra thorace fere triplo-longiora, fusco-picea, rubescentia,

punctata, maculis obscure atris per discum aspersis. Femora

incrassata. ‘Tibiis unispinosis, externe serratis. Corpus

infra prosterno mesosternoque simplicibus haud productis.

Long. lin. 43, lat. 13.

Habitat in Nova Zelandia, apud Portum Nicholsoni.

Differt foemina. Antenne tribus ultimis foliis magnitudine

mediocri; mandibulis parvis, non multo porrectis, ad basin

unidentatis. Corpus et thorax magis rotundatus.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE I.

Fig. 4, the male insect magnified; 4a, the front of the head of the male;

4b, the mandibles seen from the front; 4c, one of the mandibles seen sideways ;

4d, the maxilla; 4e, the mentum and labial palpi; 4f, the fore foot; 4g, the

middle tibia; 4h, the posterior tibia; 4%, the head of the female from above ;

4k, the same from beneath; 4m, and 4n, the female mandibles in different

positions.

Mr. Newport on the Honey Bee. 57

IX. On the means by which the Honey Bee finds its way

back to the Hive. By Grorce Newport, F.R.C.S. &e.

President of the Entomological Society.

[Read 6 February, 1843.]

Great difference of opinion has existed amongst naturalists as to

the means by which the honey bee finds its way back to the hive

it has left, and distinguishes its own residence from that of others.

Some, most naturally, have believed that it is simply by the sense

of vision; others, that it is by means of that of hearing, or of

smell. Those who contend for the latter opinion have fancied

that the bee is conducted by the odour of the flowers she has

visited in her outward course:

“ The varied scents that charmed her as she flew.”

But this opinion is at once invalidated by the circumstance, re-

marked by Dr. Bevan, that when a bee is returning to its hive, its

flight is usually in a direct line. Indeed every observer must

have remarked that the bee, like the carrier pigeon, after it has

taken its first circuitous flight of recognition, is led by an almost

unerring instinct directly to its home. Yet it is much to be

questioned, whether it is simply by what we term instinct,—a

term which we cannot sufficiently explain or fully comprehend,—

that these animals are directed in their course ; or whether it does

not chiefly depend on the perfection of one or more of their

senses? One variety of the common dog will discover his master

or his home by the sense of smell, but another, as the greyhound,

simply by that of sight. All naturalists are aware that the sense

of vision exists in the greatest perfection in vertebrated animals, in

birds of flight, and such is the case in volant insects amongst the

invertebrated. It is by means of this sense, the most perfectly

developed of all the senses of insects, that the honey bee, as I

am disposed to think, finds its way back to the hive, notwith-

standing that some observations of naturalists seem to lead toa

different conclusion. In order to put this opinion to the test of

experiment, on the 11th of March, 1836, I removed one of my

straw hives from the closed bee-house in which it had stood

through the winter, to a stool in the open air, within sight of, but

at a distance of about ten or fifteen yards from the bee-house.

On the following day, the 12th, scarcely a bee went abroad, either

from the bee-house or the removed hive; or from another straw

hive which stood very near to it; the weather being exceedingly

wet and boisterous. The 13th was a remarkably fine day, and

58 Mr. Newport on the Honey Bee.

many bees went abroad, both from the bee-house and from one of

the straw hives, and returned loaded with pollen; but I did not

observe even a single bee return to the straw hive that had been

removed, and very rarely any depart from it. But although not

a single bee returned to that hive, I frequently observed a few

bees descending towards and alighting at the entrance hole in the

bee-house from whence that hive had been removed. This

entrance hole had been closed since the removal of the hive, and

the bees collected around it made many attempts to enter, and

were quickly ina state of great excitement. On opening the hole

and allowing them to enter, they ran around the place on which

the hive had stood in great agitation, vibrating their half-closed

wings most rapidly, and touching each other repeatedly with their

antenne, as if in a state of frenzy. Two or three bees then

issued from the entrance hole, and after taking a circling flight

twice or thrice in the air, at some distance from the bee-house, as

if to reconnoitre the spot, alighted again at the hole, and ran

about within in the same state of consternation as before. After

continuing in this state for some time they flew to the entrance

hole of the hive which remained in the bee-house, but were very

badly received. The bees of that hive resisted and maltreated

them, and several fights ensued, in which the intruders were

killed. It was thus evident that these bees belonged to the hive

that had been removed, which, perhaps, they had left but a short

time before, without reconnoitring the new locality of their resi-

dence,—which a bee seldom or ever appears to do when its hive

has remained undisturbed on the same spot for any great length

of time,—and, consequently, having never distinguished their

home but by the exterior of the bee-house, they now returned

directly to the spot where they had been accustomed to enter.

This experiment seems to show that the bee is not conducted by

the sense of smell, either of the honey or of the inhabitants of

the hive, or it could hardly have been attracted to a spot from

whence these were removed. Neither can we suppose that it was

directed by the sense of hearing, or it could hardly have failed to

recognize the sounds in its own hive, which stood at so short a

distance ; while the circumstance of its flying directly to the spot

where it had formerly entered, and that of its leaving the entrance

hole on finding the hive removed, and then flying around in the

air as if to reconnoitre the bee-house, and alighting a second time

at the same hole, seem to prove that the great faculty exercised

by it in discovering its home is that of sight. This experiment

seems also to explain why so few bees left the removed hive, those

Mr. Newport on the Honey Bee. 59

which had gone out not having returned, as Huber believes, to

apprise the population that remained of the quantity of honey

abroad, or of the favourableness of the atmosphere for collecting it.

One great anatomical fact which tends to support the opinion I

am now advocating, that the bee usually finds its way back to the

hive chiefly by the sense of sight, is the great extent to which the

organ of vision is developed, and the peculiar fitness which the

telescopic structure of the multitude of eyes of which the organ

is composed possesses for viewing distant objects. Every one of

the many thousands of lenses on the surface of the organ has

been proved, by the researches of Miiller, Straus-Durckheim,

and others, to be the inlet to a distinct eye lined with its proper

choroid and retina, or nervous expansion, to which the impression

of the images of distant objects received by the lenslike cornea

are conveyed. The distance at which objects are clearly dis-

tinguished by the insect is dependant chiefly on two circum-

stances :—the relative diameter and convexity of the cornea to that

of the whole eye; and the length of the chamber from the cornea

to the retina, or expansion of the nerve. Now these conditions

vary in different insects, and seem to have much reference to their

habits. In those species in which the cornea is of great breadth, and

the length of the chamber, or distance from the cornea to the retina,

is very short, as in some of the Diptera, the distance at which

objects are distinctly observed is necessarily restricted; but in

those in which the corneze are numerous and small, and each

forms on the surface a large segment of a circle, and the length

of the chamber several times exceeds that of the breadth of the

cornea, as in the bee, the distance of vision is greater in propor-

tion to the length of the chamber, and the acuteness of the angle

at which the rays of light impinge on the retina at its base. This,

perhaps, may explain the reason why some of the cornee on the

inferior portion of the mass of eyes are of greater diameter, and

have the chambers shorter than those of the upper and exterior

surface; so that some of these cornez have a greater sphere of

vision, but a shorter focal distance; and thus are adapted for

viewing near, as the others are more distant objects.

This structure of the organ of vision in the bee is entirely in

accordance with the usual mode of proceeding of this insect, and

illustrates the fact of the bees leaving the bee-house and flying

around in the air as if to reconnoitre the spot; and also another

fact, which has in part been observed by others, and which I have

frequently witnessed, namely, that for the first few days after a

swarm has been hived the bees seldom fly far, and each bee, on

60 Mr. Newport on the Honey Bee.

first leaving the new hive, usually makes several circuits around

it in the air, at greater and greater distances, with its head con-

stantly directed towards the hive, as if to reconnoitre the spot

prior to its taking a distant flight.

These considerations lead me to the conclusion that it is chiefly

by means of vision that bees and other insects find their way

back to their homes.

P.S.—Since this paper was read to the Society it has been

referred to the judgment of Dr. Bevan, the most accurate and

philosophic of our practical English apiarians; and it gives me

great pleasure to learn that the views which it contains are in

entire accordance with those entertained by that distinguished

naturalist. Dr. Bevan states, that most of the facts now adduced

in support of the opinion, that the bee depends upon its visual

organs to guide its unerring flight, he can confirm by repeated

observations of his own; and he adds that, in conformity with

this opinion, “ it is my practice, if any occasion occur to induce

me, to change the site of a family of bees in my garden, or to any

other place within the usual range of their flight, to prevent their

egress for a time, longer or shorter, according to the season.

This has the effect of rendering them circumspect, and makes

them look about them prior to their taking flight from their new

locality. Acting also on the same opinion, I am in the habit of

marking all the entrances to my bee-boxes with different colours,

to secure their occupants against committing mistakes, though I

have some doubt as to the necessity of this measure.”—(Dr.

Bevan in lit.)

To these observations I may add some further remarks. It

is by the sense of vision that the drone of the hive discovers

his royal partner in the air, during his short excursive flights ;

and celebrates there his connubial duties, as believed by Huber ; *

* T have no doubt that this opinion of Huber’s is correct. I once found, about

noon, on a very fine calm day, in the beginning of May, a drone hive bee, which

I saw fall to the ground enfeebled and mutilated in the particular way described

by Huber. This happened at a distance of from two to three hundred yards from

some cottages where bees were kept. Every one also must have noticed the

pairing of butterflies in the air. This is the constant habit of the diurnal Lepi-

doptera, and I have teason to believe that these species will not pair in confine-

ment. During the past summer I have reared more than one hundred specimens

of Vanessa urtice, and also nearly as many of Vanessa Io; and although the

sexes of each were confined together in the same breeding cage, and the bodies

of the females became fully distended by the development of the ova, not a single

act of connubial intercourse took place, but the whole died, both males and females,

at the end of a few weeks, the females without depositing even a single egg.

Mr. Newport on the Honey Bee. 61

and, as if watching for her departure, I have repeatedly seen him,

at midday, wheeling his heavy oscillatory flight in front of the bee-

house, with his head constantly directed towards the entrance of

the hive. Every one must have remarked the acuteness of sight

in the dragon-fly, and with what instantaneousness it avoids the

approach of danger, even at a considerable distance,—darting up-

wards, sideways, and in every direction, when chased by the

swallow on the stream,—-and when danger is passed that it con-

stantly returns to the same spot. It captures its prey by sight,

with the rapidity of thought, while hovering continually over the

same water-plant; and, after an extensive flight around the pool,

by the hedge-row, or in the air, hawking in quest of food, it

returns again and again with its captures, and alights to devour

them on the selfsame leaf.

The whole family of butterflies also are in the habit of return-

ing to the same spot within a very short period. The cabbage

butterflies repeatedly visit the same plants. The nettle butterfly

usually revisits the same group of nettles after less than an hour’s

absence; and I have often observed the gay autumnal species,

Vanessa Atalanta, at the end of September, when but few flowers

are in bloom, return frequently to the selfsame group of blossoms

of an Arbutus, although the shrub was secluded and almost hidden

by larger plants. This occurred not merely on the same day,

but on the fine mornings of succeeding days.

Who can doubt that these, the gayest of nature’s children, are

directed in their movements by that sense with which nature has

provided them to a greater extent than any other of her mag-

nificent productions? or that to this endowment she has added a

recollection of locality and of objects once recognized, observed

by means of that perfected sense? ‘This is proved to be the fact

by the proceedings of the little solitary bee Megachile centuncu-

laris, which I have detailed on a former page of this volume. By

the sense of vision this insect was led to select that material, the

carded cotton cloth, which it was impossible for her to have found

in a state of nature in this country, and yet which was the best

adapted for her object in departing from her usual habit; while

on two succeeding days she remembered the locality in-which it

was to be obtained, and returned again and again to the same

spot to procure that which she regarded as best fitted for her

purpose.

62 Mr. 8. 8. Saunders’s Description, &c.

X. Description of a new Genus of Diptera allied to

Stratiomys. By S.S. Saunpers, Esq.

Genus ALuiocERA (adXwe, diversus, kepac, cornu).

Corpus latum, depressum, subquadratum. Thorax convexus,

in medio Jatior, lateribus rotundatis. Caput transversum,

thorace vix latius. Antenne triarticulate, quarum articulus

primus elongatus, secundus brevis, tertius sex sectiones

habens, basi productus, apice valdé dilatatus, cui pars intus

obliqué conjuncta.

Sp. 4d. Greca. (PI. 1V. fig. 1.)

Niger, flavo-maculatus, antennis nigris, foeminez vertice nigro

punctoque flavo.

Long. corp. lin, 5—6.

Habitat in Epiro.

In Mus. Ent. Soc. Lond. et Dom. Saunders.

Male.—Head black, with a square patch of cinereous hairs

below the insertion of the antenne. Scutellum black, with the

points yellow, and sometimes a slight connecting line between

them, and two dots of the same colour. Base of femora and

apex of tibize black.

Female.—Head transverse, with a yellow band behind the eyes,

and a broad band of same colour down the front with a black line.

Antenne black. Thorax black, covered with cinereous hairs

above and below. Scutellum yellow, armed with two points, and

a black marking at the base. Second, third, and fourth segments

of abdomen having on each side a somewhat triangular yellow

mark, and central one of the same nature at the apex of abdomen.

Body beneath yellow, banded with black. Legs yellow. Wings

slightly tinged with ochraceous.

Found on umbelliferous plants in April and May on the shores

round the Gulf of Ambracia. The antenne present a very re-

markable conformation, the apical portion having somewhat the

appearance of a cloven foot; and in some specimens this portion

of the antenne is much more dilated than in others.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE IV.

Fig. 1, the insect slightly magnified; 1 a, the head from above; 1 b, the antenna

highly magnified ; 1c, the wing.

Trans Ft Soc. Vol, IV, PLIV

WW Saunders, dL?

mt Mere TAL 4 iF a

ve) eas Viy.aevhy . Ker e

ret} n *

Py Wi he

sinbpmerrre, Gt are ad © lowe cut

give Ang uy yy ® wt ‘ &y ij , re

f i Watt i yi ‘a ig puma Sve atl: ‘pat ‘. ‘

pony Gael Fea yun f

Mr. W. W. Saunders on Species of Ceria. 63

XI. On the Species of the Genus Ceria, Fab. By

W. W. Saunpers, Esq. F.L.S. &c.

[Read 4 June, 1843.]

Tue genus Ceria was established by Fabricius for the reception

of the Musca conopsoides of Lin., the specific name of which he

changed to C. clavicornis. This species then, which has the

abdomen cylindrical and slightly subclavate, I take to be the

typical form of the genus, while those with the abdomen decidedly

clavate, the first joint being slender, I shall treat as subtypical.

Of the typical species three are described, all inhabiting Europe:

—the C. conopsoides, subsessilis, and vespiformis ; to this I propose

adding two more species, the C. intricata, from the same quarter

of the world, and C. ornata, from the north coast of New Holland.

Of the subtypical species two are described, the C, Javana,

Wied., from Java, and C. Eumenioides, W. W. Saund., from northern

India; to which I have to add, as new species, the C. Gambiana

from Gambia, and C. breviscapa from Port Philip, New Holland.

A tenth species is described by Wiedemann, in his ‘* Aussereuro-

paische Zweifleugelige Insecten,” under the name of C. afra, but

no remark being made on the shape of the abdomen I do not

know into which division to place it; the absence of any remark,

however, leads me to suppose the species to range among the

typical ones. The species at present known will therefore stand

thus :

Ist Division. Abdomen cylindrical subclavate.

Ceria conopsoides, Lin. Europe.

subsessilis, lig. Do.

vespiformis, Lat. Do.

intricata, W. W.Saund. Southern Europe.

ornata, W. W. Saund. North Coast of New Holland.

afra, Wied. Cape of Good Hope.

2nd Division. Abdomen decidedly clavate.

Ceria Javana, Wied. Java.

Eumenioides, W. W. Saund. N. India.

Gambiana, W. W. Saund. Gambia.

breviscapa, W. W. Saund. New Holland.

Thus it appears that the genus Ceria is only known at present

to inhabit the Old World and New Holland; four species being

from Europe, all typical, two Asiatic, two African, and two from

New Holland.

64 Mr. W. W. Saunders on the

Sp. 1. Ceria intricata, W. W. Saund.

(PI. 1V. fig. 2 ; 2a, frontal pedicle and antennz. )

Head yellow, with the vertex and a line down the face black.

Eyes black. Pedicle of the antenne black, tip, base, and under

part rufous. Antenne black. Thorax black, with a round spot

just behind each eye on the anterior margin, and a broadish band

extending from the base of the wings downwards yellow. Halteres

yellow. Scutellum yellow. Wings somewhat tawny, with a broad

dusky band along the anterior margin, and the interno-medial

nerve bordered with the same colour. Abdomen black, minutely

punctured, the first joint almost as broad as the second and third,

with two yellow basal spots and the posterior margin yellow;

the remaining joints margined with yellow posteriorly. Legs

yellow ; the two anterior pairs, with the femora and tibiz banded

with black; the posterior, with the apices of the femora and

tibize of the same colour. Tarsi yellow, the hinder dark brown

above.

Length 4-tenths inch, expansion 7-tenths inch.

Habitat Albania, where it was taken abundantly by Mr. S. S.

Saunders.

In my own and other Cabinets.

A variety occurs with the pedicle of the antenne entirely rufous-

brown.

This species is somewhat less than, but very nearly allied to, Cerza

vespiformis, Lat., from which however the black and yellow legs

easily distinguish it. From C. subsessilis, Illig., it is distinguished

by the length and colour of the pedicle of the antennz.

Sp. 2. Ceria ornata, W. W. Saund.

(Pl. IV. fig. 3; 3a, 3b, the head in different positions.)

Head yellow, with a longitudinal line down the face, and parts

of the mouth dusky brown. Eyes black. Pedicle of antennze

rufous brown. Antenne rufous, with the first joint black brown.

Thorax black, with four yellow spots on the anterior margin

above, and four others in a transverse line joining the bases of

the wings, also a yellow band extending downwards from the

bases of the wings. Scutellum yellow. Abdomen with the first

joint almost as broad as the second and third, rufous, margined

with yellow posteriorly, and stained with dusky on the upper

basal side ; second joint black, margined with yellow posteriorly ;

third and fourth rufous, the former with a yellow posterior margin.

Species of the Genus Ceria. 65

Legs rufous, with the bases of the femora pale corneous. Wings

with a rufous tinge, and with a broad rufous brown streak along

the anterior margin.

Length 5-tenths inch, expansion 1 inch and I-tenth.

From the north-west coast of New Holland.

In the Cabinets of the British Museum and the Rev. F. W. Hope.

This very beautiful species is of the typical form of Ceria, and

differs widely in colour from any species yet described.

Sp. 8. Ceria Gambiana, W. W. Saund.

(Pl. IV. fig. 4; 4a, the head.)

Head yellow, with the vertex, and two lines down the face,

meeting above and below, dusky brown. Eyes black. Pedicle

of antennz and antenne rufous brown. Thorax chesnut brown,

with two streaks on the upper part extending from the bases of

the wings to the anterior margin, and two broad streaks extending

downwards from the same points, yellow. Scutellum yellow.

Wings tinged with rufous brown, and with a broad band along the

anterior margin growing darker towards the tip, and the externo-

medial nerve bordered with dark brown. Abdomen with the first

joint lengthened and attenuated, chesnut brown, margined poste-

riorly with yellow, and two yellow spots, one on each side of the

base; second and third joints black brown, the hinder margins

yellow; apical joint pitchy brown, with a black line down the

centre above. Legs rufous brown, with the hinder femora banded

with yellow. Tarsi rufous brown.

Length 7-tenths inch, expansion 1 inch and 38-tenths.

From the river Gambia.

In my own Cabinet.

This fine species very much approaches in form the Cera

Eumenioides, which I have described in a previous paper read before

this Society, (vol. i. Pl. V. fig. 6.)

Sp. 4. Ceria breviscapa, W. W. Saund.

(Pl. 1V. fig.5; 5a, the head.)

Head black; the face yellow, with a black cross, the transverse

band of the cross near to the pedicle of the antenne. Pedicle

of antennze very short, rufous brown. Antenne pitchy brown.

Thorax black, with three yellow round spots above on the anterior

margin, and two narrow transverse just before and in a line with

VOL, Iv. F

66 Mr. W. W. Saunders on Ceria.

the bases of the wings. Scutellum dark brown. Wings dusky,

with a broad blackish band along the anterior margin, and the

externo-medial nerve bordered with dusky brown. Abdomen

black, the first joint short, attenuated, the remaining joints forming

a club as broad as the head; the first, second and third mar ped

with yellow posteriorly. Legs dark rufous brown, with the bases

of the femora and apices of the tibize black. 'Tarsi dusky.

Length 7-twentieths inch, expansion 15-twentieths inch.

From Port Philip, South Australia.

In my own Cabinet.

For this interesting species, very remarkable for the shortness

of the scape of the antenne, I am indebted to Mr. Thwaites of

Bristol. ‘The specimen had been preserved in spirit, the colours

are therefore probably somewhat faded, or perhaps altered from

their original hue.

P.S.—M. Macquart has also published the following descrip-

tion of a new species of this genus, nearly allied to C. conopsoides,

from Algeria.

Ceria scutellata, Macq. Dipt. Exot. Nouv. tom. ii. part 2, p. 10,

pl. 1, fig. 1

Petiolo antennarum elongato, pedibus rufis, femoribus annulo

fusco, scutello flavo.

Long 3} lin. ¢.

** Semblable a la C. conopsoides, excepté une petite bande trans-

versale noire a la base des antennes au lieu des deux petites

bandes obliques qui descendent de cette base vers les cétés.

Front; point de ligne noire qui de la base des antennes

s’étend jusqu’a la partie linéaire du front. Pétiole des

antennes brundtre en dessus, fauve en dessous. Thorax;

point de petite tache jaune en avant de la base des ailes au-

dessus de la bande jaune des flancs, écusson entiérement

jaune.” —D’ Alger, Museum du Jardin des Plantes, Paris.

Note.—This is the only exotic species known to M. Macquart,

except Wiedemann’s two species, which he does not apBeas to

have ever seen in nature.

Mr. W. W. Saunders on Ceria. 67

XII. Description of an additional Species of Ceria.

By W. W. Saunvers, Esq., F.L.S., &e.

[Read 7th August, 1843.]

Art a recent meeting I laid before this Society descriptions of

several new species of the interesting Dipterous genus Ceria. To

the paper which was then read I beg now to add another fine spe-

cies which I have detected in the rich entomological collection of

the Rev. F. W. Hope, after whom I take the liberty of naming

it. This species will range in the division with the first joint of

the abdomen much attenuated, and next to Ceria Gambiana,

W. W.S., adding one more species to the African group of this

genus.

Ceria Hopei, W. W. Saund. (Plate IV. fig. 6.)

Head yellow with the vertex, a broad line down the centre of

the face, and two lateral patches just beneath the eyes, dark

chesnut. Antenne and pedicle of the same colour. Eyes black-

brown. Thorax dark chesnut, with a broad longitudinal yellow

band on each side, extending from the base of each wing to the

anterior margin, and another broad band of the same colour

reaching downwards from a little before the base of each wing.

Scutellum yellow. Abdomen with the first joint much attenuated,

long, of a dark chesnut, becoming nearly black towards the base,

on each side of which there are two yellow lobes ; second, third and

fourth joints black-brown, with an ashy tint. Wings sandy, with

a broad rufous brown band along the anterior margin, growing

blackish towards the apex. Legs dark chesnut, with the tarsi

somewhat darker.

Length seven-tenths inch, expan. 1 inch and 3-tenths.

Inhabits Sierra Leone.

In the Cabinet of the Rev. F. W. Hope.

This species is nearly allied to C. Gambiana, but a marked

difference exists in the three terminal joints of the abdomen being

concolorous.

68 Mr. G. A. Thrupp’s Wotice of a Smerinthus Populi.

XIII. Notice of a Gynandromorphous Specimen of Sme-

rinthus Populi. By G. A. Turupp, Esq.

[ Read 4 September, 1843.]

I wave great pleasure in submiting to the notice of the Society

an interesting specimen of gynandromorphism in Smerinthus Po-

puli, captured in July this year (1843). In the size of the thorax

and abdomen, the characters of this specimen are decidedly female.

The right antenna and the right wings, both in shape and in the

colour of their upper surface, represent those of the male—the left

antenna that of the female. ‘The left anterior wing is very sin-

gularly modified. The anterior third of its upper surface is pale

in colour, and the markings are similar to those of the female,

with the contour towards the apex more angular than that of the

corresponding wing on the opposite side; yet the remaining two-

thirds of the wing are male in the markings and characters, as

are also those on the left posterior wing. ‘The right tibia of the

first pair of legs is densely clothed with long hairs, as is usual in

the male, whilst the left is scantily furnished, as in the female.

The under surface of both pairs of wings is characteristic of the

male, with the exception of a small portion of the left anterior

wing, which is nearly destitute of the dingy white apical spot ob-

servable in the male sex, while the colours of the right wings are

paler than those of the left. The costal half of the left-hand wing,

the side on which the antenna is female, is however darker

coloured than the inner half. I may remark, as regards the in-

ternal parts of the body, that in the males of S. populi I have found

two small white bladders close to the apex, both of which struc-

tures were apparent also in this instance; added to which the

abdomen was full and even distended with eggs. I would further

direct attention to the absence in this specimen of bilateral sym-

metry in the distribution of the sexual characters, so strongly

marked in other specimens of this singular kind of gynandro-

morphism which have been described.

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Trans. Ent. Soc Vol. IV PL 5.

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Mr, G. R. Waterhouse’s Descriptions. 69

XIV. Descriptions of two new Genera of Curculionide.

By G. R. WateruovssE, Esq.

[Read 6 December, 1841.]

Metoron.* Nov. Gen.

Rostrum elongatum, ad apicem sub-dilatatum.

Antenn@ tenues, ad basin rostri inserte, 11-articulate, articulis

3us basalibus subaequalibus, tribus ultimis clavam subsoli-

dam formantibus.

Caput latum, pone oculos paulo elongatum ; oculi laterales, ro-

tundati, prominuli.

Thorax transversus, basi apiceque truncatus.

Elytra oblongo-ovata ; humeris subrectangulatis.

Metopon suturalis, Waterh. (Pl. V. fig. 1 and 1 a, antenna.)

Met. testaceus; capite, thorace, elytrisque punctatis; scutello

nigro; elytris ad suturam nigrescentibus.

Long. corp. (rostr. inclu.) lin, 14.

Hab. Van Diemen’s Land.

This insect, I think, should be placed near the following (Minu-

rus), and the two, it appears to me, might most conveniently be

arranged between Rhinomacer and Rhynchites. In having the ab-

domen entirely hidden by the elytra, they agree with the former

of these two genera, whilst in general form they are intermediate.

The genus Metopon may be distinguished by the antenne being

placed at the base of the rostrum. They are more slender than

in Rhynchites, and in this respect resemble the same organs in

Minurus, but they are shorter than in that genus, and the joints

of the club are much less distinctly separated.

Minvrvs.} Nov. Gen.

Rostrum elongatum, ad apicem dilatatum.

Antenne elongate, tenues, versus medium rostri insertz, 11-ar-

* Mertomov, the forehead, the front, the face, in allusion to the great com-

parative breadth of the head between the eyes.

+ Muvugos, little, slender, tiny, &c., in allusion to its small size and more

slender form, as compared with the allied genus Rhynchites.

70 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse on Curculionidae.

ticulatze, articulis basalibus subzequalibus, tribus ultimis re-

motis, clavam formantibus.

Caput elongatum; collo crasso.

Thorax subcylindricus, basi apiceque truncatus. Elytra ob-

longa, abdomen tegentia.

Minurus testaceus, Waterh. (Pl. V. fig. 2 and 2a, antenna.)

Min. testaceus, oculis nigris ; capite thoraceque punctatis ; ely-

tris profundé punctato-striatis.

Long. corp. (rostr. incl.) lin. 14.

Hab. Chiloe.

The above are the principal characters of a minute Coleopterous

insect belonging to the Curculionide, and closely allied to the

genus Rhynchites, but differing from that genus in being of amore

elongate form, in having the elytra extended beyond the abdomen,

and the antenne proportionately much longer and more slender

than in the species of that genus. The three joints forming the

club are less dilated and longer.

Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Observations. 7

XV. Observations upon the structural Character of the

Death Watch (Atropos pulsatoria), with Description of a

new British Genus in the Family to which it belongs.

By J. O. Westwood, Esq., F.L.S., &c.

[Read February, 1840.]

Havine had occasion to remark in my Introduction to the Modern

Classification of Insects, that the species of the family Psocide

require a more minute investigation than had previously been

given to them, and having been compelled, from an examination

of my own collection, to establish a new genus, and at the same

time to remark that the genus Cecilius of Curtis appeared to be

founded upon a sexual character, I consider myself fortunate in

being able tolay before the Society a notice of some other interesting

modifications of structure occurring in the family. Mr. Curtis and

myself have observed that the antenna in this family consist of

about thirteen joints. Dr. Burmeister, in the new part of his

Handbuch, however, describes the antennz of Atropos (which name

he changes to Troctes) as having only ten joints, and that of Psocus

and his new genus T’hyrsophorus, as possessing only eight joints,

observing of the former of these genera, ‘J. Curtis giebt 13

gleider an, ich sah nie mehr als 8,” (p. 775, note). The careful

examination which I made of numerous individuals of the genus

Psocus convinces me that there are thirteen joints in the antenne,

whilst the antennee of the Atropos pulsatoria are 15-jointed, as 1

have ascertained by a careful examination of many living speci-

mens of various sizes, in which also the labial as well as the

maxillary palpi are exserted, although Burmeister says ‘ die

Lippentaster fehlen.” It is therefore important to ascertain with

precision the Alropos pulsatoria, and its very common occur-

rence in neglected boxes of insects enables us at any time to

examine it in a living state. Its principal characteristics consist

in having the prothorax very short, the meso- and meta-thorax

united into a square plate, the hind femora greatly incrassated,

the tarsi 3-jointed, and the antenne 15-jointed. I have repre-

sented it in my vol. 2, p. 18, fig. 59, 19. Now Burmeister’s

generic description agrees herewith, except in the number of joints

of the antennz. De Geer has also given a figure of this species,

vol. 7, t. 4, f. 2, representing the quadrate meso- and meta-thorax

and the thickened femora of the hind legs. Burmeister, however,

does not quote these figures, but refers 4. pulsatoria to De Geer’s

72 Mr. J. O. Westwood on Atropos Pulsatoria.

third figure of this plate, which represents a totally different in-

sect, belonging to a different genus, having four rudimental wings,

slender legs, and uniform segments of the thorax, and which is, I

apprehend, the pupa of a male Psocus, such as I have figured in

my Introduction, fig. 59,10. Burmeister in his generic character

of Troctes (or Atropos) refers however to another figure of De

Geer, (namely, tab. 4, fig. 1,) which represents an apterous speci-

men with uniform segments, with simple hind legs, and with long

antennz, which he describes as 18-jointed. This, however, is

clearly distinct, both specifically and generically, from Atropos.

Again, Burmeister refers to Latreille’s figure of Psocus pulsato-

rius, given in Coquebert’s Illustratio Iconographica, tab. 2, f. 14,

but that figure is either inaccurate (representing the thoracic

segments as very short and equal, and the hind legs simple) or the

reference to it by Burmeister is incorrect.

But the more immediate object of this communication is to men-

tion the discovery of a species possessing as many as twenty-seven

joints in the antenna, and as this species is a domestic one, I trust

that the discovery will be deemed to possess an additional interest

on that account. I have found it amongst books, crawling in

fact over the pages of one of the volumes of Mr. Stephens’s Illus-

trations, a circumstance I mention as in some degree showing it

to be a native species, for had I found it on a newly received

foreign work I might have doubted this. It is three times the

size of Atropos pulsatoria. I have named it, after one of the

Fates, Clotho, having used the name of Lachesis, or rather a dimi-

nutive thereof, for Psocus fatidicus, and the name of the third

Fate, Atropos, having been given to Psocus pulsatorius.

CLoTHiLLa.

Corpus parvum, apterum ; capite subtriangulare (haud oblongo-

quadrato) ; thorace capite vix latiori, abdomine ovato, sub-

convexo.

Antenne longe, gracillime, articulis circiter 27, duobus basalibus

crassis. Prothorax segmentis aliis thoracicis brevior. Pedes

simplices, tarsis 3-articulatis.

Clothilla studiosa, Westw.

Luteo-albida, oculis brunneis, antennis fuscis, labro albido,

incisuris abdominis brunneis ; pedibusque albidis.

Long. corp. lin. 1.

Habitat in domu meA, super libros cursitans.

Rev. F. W. Hope’s Descriptions of Coleoptera. 73

XVI. Descriptions of new Species of Coleoptera, from the

Kasyah Hills, near the boundary of Assam, in the East

Indies, lately received from Dr. Cantor. By the Rev.

F. W. Hops, F.R.S., &ce.

[Read 7th November, 1842.]

Family LUCANIDZ.

Sp. 1. Lucanus Cantort, Hope ¢.

Affinis Lue. villoso, Hope, at major. Piceo-brunneus aurataque

pubescentia tectus ; mandibulis exsertis, in medio dente majori

armatis, apicibus subfurcatis; clypeo deflexo trigono, aurantiis

capillis obsito. Thorax fere ut in Lucan. lunifero, Hope.

Corpus subtus flavo-pubescens, femoribus rubro-corallinis

tibiisque tarsisque nigris. Foemina differt capite thorace

multo minori, mandibulis autem longitudine fere eequali.

Long. lin. 31, lat. lin. 9; 9 long. lin. 18, lat. lin. 9.

In Mus. Dom. Hope.

Sp. 2. Lucanus Mearsii, Parry.

Affinis preecedenti. Niger, mandibulis exsertis in medio uniden-

tatis, apicibus late furcatis, dente parvo fere ad basin po-

sito; elytris nigro-eneis, nitidis, et sub lente subtilissime punc-

tulatis, capillisque flavis aspersis. Corpus infra nigro-zneum,

capillisque luteis ornatum; femoribus tarsisque nigris, tiblis-

que rubro-piceis. (Mas.)

Long. corp. mandibulis inclusis, lin. 28, lat. lin. 8.

Habitat circa Silhet.

This beautiful species has been sent to me by Captain Parry

for description; it is closely allied to the Lucanus lunifer of

Hope, and is remarkable for having metallic elytra. Between

the middle of its mandibles and the forked apex another denticle

will be found in different specimens. I find that there are others

which vary in size. It is named in honour of Captain Mears; the

other sex is unknown to me.

Sp. 3. Lucanus Platycephalus, Hope.

Niger, mandibulis thorace parum longioribus, apicibus furcato-

dentatis. Corpus antice latum, ultra oculos porrectum, de-

pressum. Thorax transverso-quadratus, angulis posticis sub-

74 Rev. F. W. Hope’s Descriptions of

obliquis, fossula impress4 utrinque, ad posteriorem partem

disci posita. Elytra nigra nitida, fere glabra, sub lente subti-

lissime punctulata. Corpus infra concolor, tarsis infra auri-

comatis. TF cemina adhuc latet.

Long. lin. 10, lat. lin. 5.

The above insect I received lately from the Kasyah Hills;

the female, if I am not mistaken, is in the cabinet of Captain

Parry.

Sp. 4, Lucanus Maclellandi, Hope.

Rubro-piceus, mandibulis capite thoraceque minoribus, interne

multidentatis, apicibus acutis. Caput antice fossulad supra

oculos impressa, sparsimque subvariolosum. Thorax angulis

anticis acutis, posticis obliquis. Elytra subtilissime punc-

tulata, rubro-picea. Corpus infra concolor, tibiis anticis ex-

terne subdenticulatis, quatuor reliquis inermibus, tarsis supra

nigro-piceis infraque auricomatis.

Long. lin. 8, lat, lin. 24.

This elegantly-formed species is named after the celebrated

editor of the Calcutta Journal, to whom the naturalists of the

East are much indebted for his zeal in promoting science.

Dorcus, Mac Leay.

Sp. 5. Dorcus Anteus, Hope.

Niger, nitidus et glabratus, sub lente tenuissime granulatus ;

latissimus, valde depressus ; elytris leevibus, clypeo lato, man-

dibulis deplanatis, intus dente forti armatis, apicibus acutis.

Corpus infra concolor, tibiis anticis externe denticulatis, qua-

tuor posticis unidentatis.

Long. lin. 31, lat. lin, 11.

This gigantic insect I lately received from the indefatigable

Dr. Cantor; it is allied to Titan of Boisduval, to Bilunatus of

De Haan, and Bucephalus of Westwood.

Sp. 6. Dorcus Tityus, Hope.

Niger, mandibulis capite thoraceque zequalibus, interne denticu-

latis, dente forti fere ad basin posito, reliquis minutis, api-

cibus subfurcatis. Caput clypeo subbifido, transverse qua-

dratum depressum, thorace latius. Thorax semilunaris, late-

ribus in medio dilatatis, angulis anticis subacutis, posticisque

obliquis. Elytra thorace minora, ad apicem gradatim atte-

New Species of Coleoptera. 75

nuata. Pedes tibiis anticis multidentatis, quatuor posticis

unidentatis.

Long. lin. 293, lat. lin, 93.

Habitat circa Silhet.

The above fine insect is described from the cabinet of Captain

Parry: it appears to be unique.

Sp. 7. Dorcus Reichei, Hope.

Niger, mandibulis capite thoraceque equalibus, ad basin iner-

mibus, ante apicem dente forti subbifido armato, apicibus-

que subfurcatis. Elytra thorace parum minora atroque cas-

tanea. Corpus infra nigrum nitidum. Pedes sicut in D. Tityo.

Long. lin. 24, lat. lin. 7.

I have received this insect from the Kasyah Hills, and find

that Captain Parry has one from Silhet, which differs slightly in

the sculpture; it is named in honour of Monsieur Reich, a Pa-

risian Entomologist.

Sp. 8. Dorcus punctilabris, Hope.

Niger, mandibulis exsertis, capite thoraceque minoribus, in-

terne bidentatis, dentibus minutis apicibusque acutis. ‘Tho-

rax subtilissime punctatus. Elytra lineato-punctata, punctis

per totum discum aspersis. Corpus infra nigrum, pectore

capillis flavis obsito. Pedes antici tibiis multidentatis, qua-

tuor posticis unidentatis tarsisque infra auricomatis.

Long. lin. 17%, lat. lin. 6.

Sp. 9. Dorcus Blanchardi, Hope.

Affinis preecedenti. Niger, mandibulis exsertis, capite thorace-

que minoribus, subvarioloso-punctatis, dente robusto ad me-

dium posito, secundo minuto, apicibusque acutis. Elytra

crebrissime punctulata, sub lente quasi cinerea. Corpus infra

nigrum, mandibulis infraque subvariolo-punctatis. Pedes

sicut in specie preecedente.

Long. lin. 16, lat. lin. 53.

The above insect was received from the Kasyah Hills, and is

named after Monsieur Blanchard, a Parisian Entomologist.

Sp. 10. Dorcus cognatus, Hope ¢.

Affinis preecedenti. Niger, mandibulis impunctatis, dente forti

fere in medio posito, secundo valde minuto, vix distincto.

76 Rev. F. W. Hope’s Descriptions of

Elytra glabra nitida, sub lente punctulata, lateribus extror-

sum lineato-punctatis. Pedes sicut in Dorco Blanchardi.

Long. lin. 17, lat. lin. 5.

Habitat in agris Himalayanis, e Museo Dom. Parry descriptus.

Sp. 11. Dorcus Chevrolati, Hope.

Affinis Z. Sage, Fab. Niger, mandibulis exsertis arcuatis,

capiteque longioribus, in medio intus lato dente armatus,

apicibus subfureatis. Caput thoraxque elytris latiora de-

pressiuscula. Elytra piceo-castanea, fere glabra, ad apicem

gradatim decrescentia. Corpus infra nigro-piceum, pedibus

concoloribus, femoribus tibiisque aurantiis capillis obsitis.

Long. lin. 26, lat. lin. 83.

The above insect was received from Dr, Cantor from the Kas-

yah Hills; it is named in honour of Monsieur Chevrolat, the

author of a work on the Mexican Coleoptera. There are several

species confounded with Z. Saiga of Fabricius,

Family DYNASTID, Mac Leay.

Dywastes, Mac Leay.

Sp. 12. Dynastes Cantort &.

Atro-piceus, cornu capitis recurvo robusto, thorace antice bi-

corne; elytris obscure piceis, marginibus externe pallide cas-

taneis. Corpus infra rubro-piceum, femoribus concoloribus,

tibiis tarsisque nigricantibus. Femina differt capite inermi

thorace angulis anticis utrinque parum productis.

@ Long. lin. 26, lat. lin. 12. @ Long. lin. 24, lat. lin. 12.

The above magnificent species I have much pleasure in dedi-

cating to Dr. Cantor, who, amidst the laborious services of the

medical profession, still encourages others to collect for the benefit

of English Entomologists, although unable individually to under-

take such matters. There is little doubt that the insects allied

to Dynastes Hardwicki form a peculiar subgenus, differing from

Chalcosoma.

Family LAMIADZ.

Sp. 13. Lamia Donnesii, Hope.

Affinis Lamie Roylii, Hope, at minor. Nigra, antennis corpore

longioribus, elytris apicibus interne et externe mucronatis, ad

basin scabris, maculis decem flavis notatis, maculis octo ma-

New Species of Coleoptera. 77

joribus, duabus aliis minutis. Corpus infra fusco-nigrum,

lateribus utrinque flavo-vittatis.

Long. lin. 27, lat. lin. 9.

The present insect is closely allied to Lamia Royli, described

by me in the Zoological Transactions, &c. vol. i. p. 103. It dif-

fers in having its antennz less scabrous. It is scarcely so long

as L. Roylu, but is broader and more robust. In the former

insect the spines at the apex are merely sutural, whilst in the pre-

sent species they are more strongly marked internally, as well as

laterally. In some specimens the two smaller yellow spots are

wanting. The above insect is dedicated in honour of Ezra Downes,

Esq., one of the most zealous collectors of Oriental Entomology.

Some valuable communications may shortly be expected from him,

particularly in relation to the East Indian Chalcidide.

Sp. 14. Lamia Parry, Hope.

Griseo-nigra, antennis corpore longioribus, articulis scabris ;

elytris ad basin mamillato-scabris, maculis albis octo no-

tatis. Corpus infra fusco-griseum, lateribus utrinque albo-

vittatis.

Long. lin. 173, lat. lin. 6.

Habitat circa Silhet.

This insect I received from Silhet from Captain Parry’s col-

lection, and I have also received it from the Kasyah Hills by

means of Dr, Cantor.

78 Mr. J. O. Westwood on the

XVII. On the Genus Mechidius of Mac Leay. By J.O.

Westwoop, F.L.S., &c.

[Read September, 1841.]

Mazcuipwvs is one of those singular forms which disturb the pre-

conceived arrangements of professed systematists, and of which

New Holland affords such numberless examples. Mr. Kirby, who

first described the insect, which served as the type of the genus,

observed respecting it, that he could not clearly ascertain whether

it belonged to Troa or Melolontha. He accordingly described it

under the name of Trox spurius (Linn. Trans. xii. p. 462). Mr.

W.S. Mac Leay subsequently proposed for it the generic name of

Mechidius, considering it rather as nearer to 7’rox, and giving a

detailed description of its oral structure, accompanied by outline

figures of the essential parts from the pencil of Mr. Curtis (Hore

Ent. i. p. 140, tab. 2, fig. 15). Since the publication of that

work no addition has been made to our knowledge of the genus,

and from the rarity of the insect, which does not appear to exist

in any of the continental collections, but few Entomologists are

acquainted with it, no figure of the entire insect having yet been

published.

Two species of this genus, recently added by the Rev. F. W.

Hope to his collection, and a fourth in my own collection, have

rendered necessary a more precise specific description of the typical

species, whilst at the same time the opportunity of figuring so in-

teresting a genus will, I am sure, be appreciated by the student.

The parts of the mouth present several peculiarities of structure,

which require a more detailed description than has been given of

them. The clypeus has the lateral and anterior margins reflexed,

the front being emarginate; beneath we perceive the part which

Mr. Mac Leay terms the labrum, but which is certainly not arti-

culated to the clypeus, although there is transverse impression,

which seems to indicate that the clypeus and labrum are con-

fluent. This supposed labrum is emarginate at its extremity, and

meets the anterior margin of the mentum in order to close the

mouth. The mandibles are horny, short, trigonate, the outer

margin rounded, and the apex entire. On the side next the la-

brum the mandibles are smooth and highly polished, but beneath

they are furnished with two strong elevated ridges, forming an

oblique canal, which causes them to appear furnished with two

Genus Machidius of Mac Leay. 79

short teeth at the inner margin, when seen obliquely ; beneath

the middle of the mandible arises an elongated slender membrane,

and the internal basal angles are much produced, but there is no

transversely striated molary plate. The mentum and maxille

closely unite to form the underside of the mouth, the lobes of the

latter and the labrum not being produced more forward than the

front margin of the mentum. The outer lobe of the maxille is

horny and 5-toothed; the inner division of the maxillz is distinct,

although small and horny; the inner lobe, arising from its extre-

mity, small, membranous and ciliated. The mentum has the sides

straight, but not parallel, the front margin being wider than the

base, and almost straight; the labial palpi arise within, close

to the anterior angles of the mentum, the tip of the second joint,

and the short third joint, being only visible. Within the mouth,

between the mandibles and the supposed labrum, I observed, in

two specimens I dissected, a membranous piece which appears to

me to be analogous to the membranous labrum of the Scarabeide.

The two spurs of the middle tibize are acute, but the two at the

extremity of the hind tibize are obtuse and flat; the fore tibize are

obtusely tridentate on the outer margin, and the outer extremity

of the two posterior tibiae is produced into a thick diverging spur ;

all the ungues are simple and entire.

On reviewing these characters with reference to the group to

which the genus naturally belongs, I see no grounds for regarding

it as Trogideous, whilst its relation to the Melolonthide appears far

stronger. This is more especially the case if Mr. Mac Leay be

correct in the nomenclature of the part he terms labrum. It may

appear strange that any doubt can exist as to whether a Lamelli-

corn beetle is Thalerophagous or Saprophagous ;* but the fact is,

* By comparing the characters of Mechidius with those of these two groups,

as given by Mac Leay (Hore Ent. i. pp. 68, 69) we shall perceive that the genus

accords even better with the Thalerophaga than with the Saprophaga.

SAPROPHAGA, Mecuintvs. THALEROPHAGA.

Antenne 8- to 11-jointed, Antenne 9-jointed. Antenne 9- to 10-jointed.

Clava short, thick, 3- Clava rather elongate, Clava rather elongate, often

jointed. 3-jointed. more than 3-jointed.

Feet always robust. Feet rather slender Feet less robust.

Tibiz broad. Tibiz narrow. Tibia rather narrow.

Ungues undivided. Ungues undivided. Ungues often divided.

Colour lurid or black. Colour lurid. Colour gay metallic.

Elytra generally extend- Elytra not covering the Elytra rarely covering the

ing to the anus. anus. anus.

I omit the nature of the food, because we are ignorant of that of Mechidius.

80 Mr. J. O. Westwood on the

that in these osculant genera, of whose habits nothing is known,

we meet with a combination of characters which set all our

divisions at nought. Looking at the structure of the maxillz, we

should expect the same habits as we find in Melolontha, but there

is no molary plate for masticating leaves in the mandibles.

The following opposed characters of the T’rogide, Melolon-

ihide, and Mechidius, will, I think, clearly prove that the genus

in question belongs to the Melovlonthide, and not to the Trogide.

TROGIDE.

Labrum distinct, trans-

verse ovate.

Mandibles without a mo-

lary plate, or strong

oblique 1idges beneath.

Maxille with the outer

lobe membranous, ci-

liated; inner lobe

toothed and horny.

Anterior tibiz not notch-

ed.

Podex covered.

Longitudinal veins of

wings at unequal dis-

tances apart.

Mecuipivs.

Supposed labrum bilobed.

Mandibles without a mola-

ry plate, but with a few

strong oblique ridges

beneath.

Maxille with outer lobe

horny, toothed ; inner

lobe small, membra-

nous.

Anterior tibiz notched.

Podex uncovered.

Longitudinal veins of

wings at nearly equal

distances apart.

Mer LoLontTuip&.

Labrum distinct, bilobed.

Mandibles with a molary

plate, but without strong

oblique ridges beneath.

Maxille with outer lobe

horny, toothed.

Anterior tibia notched.

Podex uncovered.

Longitudinal veins of wings

at nearly equal distances

apart.

It further appears to me that the nearest approach to this genus

is made by some of the numerous small Aphodius-like Melolon-

thide of New Holland.

(Since the above was written, I have found that Latreille states,

“Je soupconne que les Mechidies, a raison de la forme et de

lechancrure du labre et de quelques autres caractéres, avoisinent

les Mélolonthes.”’)

Sp. 1. Mcechidius Kirbianus, W.

M. oblongus, obscurus, scaber, subcinereus; elytris punctis

papillatis seriatim ordinatis seriebus plurimis; thoracis an-

gulis posticis vix obtusangulis, lateribus rotundatis, dorso

utrinque tri-impresso.

Long. corp. lin. ?

Habitat in Nova Hollandia.

In Mus. Britann.

Syn. Trox spurius, Kirby, loc. cit. Mac L. &c. (Mech. spur.)

In size this species is nearly similar to M. Macleayanus, but

Genus Mechidius of Mac Leay. 81

the head and thorax are considerably broader, as are also the

legs. The upper surface of the body is opaque.

The sides of the thorax are regularly rounded, and slightly

serrulate; the posterior angles are not emarginate, but are very

obsoletely obtusangular; they are marked on each side with

several transverse impressions; the anterior tibia have three

obtuse teeth on the outside, the first of which is near the middle

of the tibize; the lobe of the hind tibiae is very prominent, and

truncate at the tip; the antennez are castaneous brown.

Mr. Kirby’s description of the impressions on the body is as

follows: “ Corpus punctis pupillatis et centro cblongo eminen-

tibus pallidis, subcinereum et scabrum.”

These punctures on the elytra (of which there are about eigh-

teen strize in each) are nearly round and cinereous, each with a

raised oblong centre, the space between each puncture being also

elevated,

The specific name of spurius being applicable to the insect so

long only as it remained in the genus 77ox, to which it does not

belong, I have ventured, in its stead, to designate it with the

name of the venerable author by whom it was first made known.

Sp. 2. Mechidius Hopianus, W. (PI. V. fig. 3.)

M. oblongus, scaber, nigricans, opacus, setulis luteis (pre-

sertim thorace) subcinereus; thoracis angulis posticis valde

emarginatis.

Long. corp. lin. 53.

Habitat in Nova Hollandia? In Mus. D. Hope.

Oblongus, depressus, opacus; elytris vix thorace latioribus,

lateribus fere parallelis. Caput transversum, punctatum, se-

tosum, margine reflexo, antico parum emarginato, laterali vix

bisinuato, Antenne castaneee. Thorax margine antico valde

emarginato, lateribus rotundatis, angulis posticis valde emar-

ginato-excisis, dorsi medio parum impresso, lateribus haud

transverse impressis ; tuberculis minutis, transverso-curvatis,

elevatis, nitidis, scaber. Elytra oblonga; thorace parum la-

tiora, lateribus fere parallelis, opaca, fusca; singulo striis 18 e

punctis (circiter 40) ovatis parum impressis formatis, spa-

tiis inter puncta elevatis nitidis ; setulaque brevi crassa, lutea,

decumbenti, in singulo puncto posita. Pedes nigricantes.

[Fig. 3a, underside of head; 3b, labrum; 3¢ and 3d, mandible in different

positions. |

VOL. IV. G

82 Mr. J. O. Westwood on the

Sp. 3. Mechidius Melhianus, W.

M. angustior, nigricans, capite anticé vix emarginato; thoracis

lateribus rotundatis, angulis posticis extus prominentibus ;

tibiis anticis obtusé 3-dentatis.

Long. corp. lin. 43.

Habitat in Nova Hollandia. In Mus. D. Melly.

Przecedentibus minor, angustior et magis nigricans, valde

punctatus, punctis rotundatis et setigeris. Caput margine

antico fere recto, lateribus supra basin antennarum paullo

dilatatis. Prothorax lateribus rotundatis, crenulatis; angulis

posticis extus in spinam brevem crassam obtusam productis.

Elytra oblonga, postice parum latiora, singulo seriebus 18

e punctis ovalibus setigeris longitudinaliter positis ; setis

brevibus. Tibiz antice angustiores, obtuse 3-dentate, dente

intermedio reliquis haud majori. ‘Tibiee posticee apice haud

dilatatz, angulo externo longitudinaliter producto, trunctato.

Sp. 4. Mechidius Macleayanus, W.

Piceus, nitidus, punctatus, longiussetosus; elytris oblongo-ovatis,

depressis; thorace lateribus rotundatis, angulis posticis acutis,

Long. corp. lin. 5.

Habitat in Nova Hollandia. In Mus. nostr.

Praecedenti brevior et magis convexus. Caput angustius, rufo-

piceum, punctatum, setosum, margine reflexo, antico acute

emarginato, lateralibus magis sinuatis. Thorax subconvexus,

nitidus, elytris evidenter angustior, lateribus rotundatis, angulis

posticis acutis, punctis magnis numerosis impressis, singulo

setam gracilem longiorem emittenti. Elytra oblongo-ovata,

subdepressa, nitida, striato-punctata (singulo striis circiter 20

e punctis ovatis impressis setigeris formatis). Pedes picei,

nitidi, longius setosi; tibiis anticis 3-dentatis, dentibus acutis,

intermedio majori ; tibiis posticis ad apicem extus longitudi-

naliter productis truncatis.

Sp. 5. Mechidius Raddonanus, Westw.

Piceus, opacus, punctatus, brevissime setosus, capitis margine

antico profunde et acute emarginato, thoracis lateribus rotun-

datis, angulis posticis acutis.

Long. corp. lin. 43.

Habitat Port Philip, Australasia. (In Mus. D. Raddon.)

Genus Machidius of Mac Leay. 83

Precedenti minor et pro magnitudine latior, opacus, breviter

setosus, valde punctatus, punctis rotundatis. Caput margini-

bus elevatis, margine antico acute et profunde emarginato,

ante oculos parum dilatato. Prothorax lateribus rotundatis

(postice magis rectis quam in precedente), angulis posticis

acutis, Elytra rufo-picea, opaca, singulo striis 18 e punctis

minutis subovalibus ornatis, puncto singulo in medio elevato

et seta brevi (puncto haud longiori) decumbenti instructo.

Pedes ut in precedente.

Sp. 6. Mechidius rufus, Hope, MSS.

Rufo-castaneus, nitidus, punctatus, tenue setosus, capite lato,

marginibus elevatis, tibiis anticis obtuse 2-dentatis, femoribus

posticis in medio dilatatis, tarsorum articuloque basali posti-

corum longe penicillato.

Long. corp. lin. 23.

Habitat Port Essington, Australasia Septentrionali. In Mus.

Hope.

Totus rufo-castaneus (oculis nigris exceptis), nitidus, punctatus.

Caput latum, margine antico elevato, in medio parum emar-

ginato. Palpi maxillares quam in pracedentibus longiores

articulo ultimo curvato ; mentum oblongum, utrinque ver-

sus basin setam longissimam emittens. Prothorax late-

ribus rotundatis, angulis posticis vix acutis nec prominulis

Elytra prothorace vix latiora, singulo (circiter 18) punctato-

striato, striis lateralibus confusis ; discoidalibus per paria

currentibus, spatiis inter paria parum elevatis vel costatis,

punctis elytrorum minoribus quam capitis et prothoracis ;

ovalibus singulo setam minutam emittente. Apex elytrorum

et podex setis latis pallidis vel squamis obsiti. Tibize anticze

ad apicem obtuse bidentate ; posticee in medio marginis

interni angulariter dilatatee, apice bicalearate. Tarsi postici

articulo basali longo, extus penicillo longo setarum diver-

gentium instructo et subtus setoso.

Obs. This species differs from all the preceding in the small

size, red colour and curious structure of the hind feet.

[Fig. 4a, mandible; 4), maxilla; 4c, mentum and labial palpi; 4d, antenna;

4e, fore tibia; 4f, hind tibia and tarsus. ]

[P.S. I find this genus in the French Cabinets, under the name

of Geobatus, placed amongst the Melolonthide. |

84 Capt. F. Parry’s Description

XVIII. A Decade, or Description of ten new Species of

Coleoptera, from the Kasya Hills, near the boundary of

the Assam District. By VF. Parry, Esq. F.LS., &e.

[Read 6 February, 1843. ]

Sp. 1. Cicindela Assamensis, Parry.

Atro-picea, elytris 4 flavo-maculatis, binis maculis humeralibus

minoribus, duabus aliis infra medium disci positis, rotun-

datis, et majoribus. Corpus infra nitidum, viride, trochante-

ribus rubris.

Long. lin. 93, lat. lin. 3.

Habitat in agro Assamensi.

This insect, (hitherto I believe undescribed, ) although somewhat

rare in our collections, appears to be widely spread, the three

specimens with which I am acquainted coming from Assam, the

Himalayas and the Kasya Hiils. It verges considerably from the

true typical form of Cicindela, and will probably form the type of

a new genus.

Sp. 2. Cicindela latipennis, Parry.

Berrylino-viridis, fronte albido, disco subcupreo-zneo, tho-

race concolori; elytris tribus lateralibus lunulis flavis, alter4-

que fere media ad suturam vergenti, apicibusque flavis.

Corpus infra albo-tomentosum, pectore roseo-zeneo nitenti,

pedibusque concoloribus.

Long. lin. 8, lat. lin. 4.

From the Kasya Hills.

This insect appears to be somewhat abundant, as there were up-

wards of twenty specimens in a collection recently obtained by me.

Sp. 3. Heptodonta Hope, Parry.

Viridis, fronte albido, lateribus brunneis, thorace cylindrico,

elytrisque concoloribus immaculatis, apicibus sub-truncatis.

Corpus infra viride nitidum, femoribus ad basin flavis, tibiis

tarsisque viridi-zeneis.

Long. lin. 7§, lat. lin. 3.

This new species I have named after my friend Mr. Hope, to

whose genus /Teptodonta it evidently belongs; it is the largest

species I am acquainted with of that genus, and I think it most

probable (like others composing this group) that it is found on

trees.

of ten new Species of Coleoptera. 85

Sp. 4. Calosoma nigrum, Parry.

Nigrum, mandibulis porrecto-falcatis, indentatis ; thorace trans~

verso-rotundato, parvo; elytris thorace quadruplo longiori-

bus, postice dilatatis et lineato-punctatis, punctis in tribus

lineis positis. Corpus infra atrum, pedibus concoloribus.

Long. lin. 14, lat. lin. 73.

The species of Calosoma from the East Indies are evidently rare.

C. Chinense, of Kirby, is the only species mentioned in Dejean’s

Catalogue; the Rev. F. Hope possesses another received from

Bombay, and I believe there is a fourth described from the Col-

lection of Col. Sykes.

Sp. 5. Athyreus frontalis, Parry.

Affinis Athyreo Orientali (Hope’s MSS.)

Castaneus, antennis flavis, capite antice nigro, postice castaneo,

thorace ad marginem anticum parum elevato, postice valde

excavato, foveolé utrinque fortiter impressa. Elytra fere

glabra. Corpus infra valde pilosum, femoribus rubris, pedi-

bus fuscecentibus.

Long. lin. 83, lat. lin. 53.

There were only two specimens in my collection, one differing

most considerably in size from the other.

Sp. 6. Mimela sapphirina, Parry.

Leete cyanea, capite marginato virescenti, thorace nitido, violaceo,

elytrisque striato-punctatis sapphirinis, fascia violacea parum

distincta fere ad latera posita. Corpus infra atro-piceum,

femoribus pallidioribus ; tibiis tarsisque viridi-cyaneis.

Long. lin. 63, lat. lin, 5.

From the Kasya Hills.

Sp. 7. Alaus irroratus, Parry.

Affinis 4lao Assamens: (Hope’s MSS.), at minor,

Niger flavisque maculis minutis irroratus, capite fere atro,

thorace obscuro subtilissime punctis asperso, elytris striatis,

macula atrd majori ad latera posita, variisque aliis flavis

per totum discum aspersis. Corpus infra obscurum, pedi-

bus concoloribus,

Long. lin. 15, lat. lin, 63.

From the Kasya Hills.

86 Capt. F. Parry’s Description

Sp. 8. Eumolpus pyrophorus, Parry.

Affinis Eumolpo rubido (Hope’s MSS.), at major.

Violaceus, capite late cyaneo, thorace concolori, elytris igneo-

eneis, humeris apicibusque cyaneis. Corpus infra violaceum,

pedibus concoloribus.

Long. lin. 63, lat. Jin, 4.

This insect is one of the most beautiful of the genus, and

appears to be abundant, as there were many specimens in the

collection above mentioned.

Lamiap&, Leach.

Subgenus Batocera.

Sp. 9. Lamia Batocera Calanus, Parry.

Atro-cinerea, antennis atris et scabrosis, thorace bimaculato,

maculis albis, elytrisque ad apicem bispinosis, ad basin sca-

bris, disco maculis octo albis notatis. Corpus infra atro-

cinereum, lateribus utrinque lete albo-marginatis, pedibus

cinereo-tomentosis.

Long. lin. 26, lat. lin. 83.

From the Kasya Hills.

There is probably no family amongst the Longicornes in which

so many new species have been lately added to our cabinets as in

true Lamia (Batocera of Dejean). The last edition of the Baron

Dejean’s Catalogue mentions only six species, while the Cabinet

of the Rev. F. W. Hope contains twenty-one species, and my own

about fourteen. On first appearances it might be imagined that

the species of Lamia might easily be separated, but I think it will

prove quite the reverse, more especially when art steps in and

tends to deceive the unpractised naturalist. The next insect I

am about to describe is also a Lamia, and may be coloured by art

in the usual way the Japanese paint their insects ; however, I will

give the description as the insect appears, and, coloured or not, it

is evidently a new species.

Sp. 10. Lamia Porus, Parry.

Affinis Lamie Roylu, Hope.

Atro-cinerea, antennis corpore longioribus scabrosis, thorace

unimaculato, scutello concolori, elytrisque ad suturam et ad

latera parum mucronatis, ad basin seabris, maculisque puni-

ceo-albis notatis.

Long. lin. 20, lat. lin. 8.

sa Ccleerel

of ten new Species of Coleoptera. 87

The above species is in form and markings closely allied to

Lamia Royli; the spots on the thorax and elytra are the colour

of a rose pink.

At first I was inclined to think that art had been used in colour-

ing the insect, but as other Lamiade@ have orange and yellow spots,

and are found to run into red and pink, it is still possible that it

may be natural. I may also remark, that in Mr. Hope’s Collec-

tion there is a gigantic species received from China, named by

him Chinensis, where the spots are to be found of the same peculiar

pink colour.

XIX. On the Asiatic Goliathideous genera Trigonophorus

and Rhomborhina. By J.O. Westwoop, F.L.S., &c.

[Read 3 July, 1843.]

Tue Rev. F. W. Hope having received two new Indian species of

Goliathideous beetles belonging to the genera Trigonophorus and

Rhomborhina since the publication of my memoir on the Asiatic

Goliathides in the 8th and 9th Numbers of my “ Arcana Ento-

mologica,”’ affords me an opportunity of publishing a synoptic

revision of the species of these two groups, the synonymy and spe-

cific distinctions of several of which have been incorrectly detailed

by Dr. Burmeister in the Appendix to the Third Volume of his

“ Handbuch der Entomologie,” p. 778—781.

TRIGONOPHORUS.

§ A. Cornu capitis inter oculos acutum in g, truncatum in 9.

Sp. 1. Tr. Nepalensis. Atro-azurea, viridis vel viridi-czrulea ;

(nec secundum sexum varians), pedibus coxisque posticis

fulvis ; genibus, tibiarum apice tarsis antennisque nigris.

Long. corp. lin. 13—15, g¢ 9.

Syn. Cetonta Nepalensis. Hope in Zool. Misc. p. 24, ¢.

Cetonia Hardnicku. Hope in op. sup. cit. 9.

Gnathocera Hardwickii. Gory & Perch. Mon. Cet. pl.

19, fig. 1, 9.

Cetoninus (Coryphe Rhomborhina, 1) Hardwicku. Mac-

Leay, Cet. So, Afr. p. 30.

Coryphocera Hardnickii. Burm. Handb. d. Ent. 3, p. 232.

Trigophorus Nepalensis, Westw. Arc. Ent. 1, p. 1214

pl. 29, fig. 3, g.

88 Mr. J. O. Westwood on

Rhomborhina? Cantori. Hope, Tr. Ent. Soc. 3, p. 63,

individ. mutilat.

Trigonophorus Cantori. Westw. op. cit.

Sp. 2. Trigonophorus Saundersii. Oblongus, aureo-viridis,

elytris tenuissime rugosulis et punctatis, capite et abdomine

subtus pedibusque brunneo-castaneis, metathorace subtus

viridi; pilis pedum posticorum nigris.

Long. corp. lin. 12, g. 9.

Syn. Trigonophorus Saundersii. Westw. Arcan. Ent. 1, p. 122,

pl. 29, fig. 5, 9; Burmeister, op. cit. p. 752.

Sp. 3. Trigonophorus gracilipes (n. sp. Pl. V. fig. 5). Oblongo-

ovalis, supra et infra viridi-aureus, parum opalescens vel

olivaceus, capite viridi, punctato, elytris tenuissime punctatis,

pedibus gracillimis, femoribus viridibus cupreo-micantibus,

tiblisque castaneis apice nigris ; pilis pedum 4 posticorum ful-

vis, mesosterno tenui, cornu frontali trigono, antennis tarsis-

que nigris.

Long. corp. lin. 14, g 9.

Habitat in Indize Orientalis montibus Kasya dictis.

In Mus. D. Hope.

In addition to the characters detailed above, it may be men-

tioned, that the mesosternum has a dark castaneous line down the

centre, which is smooth, but the sides are very thickly covered

with minute punctures, which is not the case in the closely allied

species, 7’, Saundersit.

§ B. Cornu inter oculos acutum in ¢.

Sp. 4. Trigonophorus Delessertii. Viridi-eenea, supra sepius

olivacea, coxis posticis supra rubris.

Long. corp. lin. 18.

Syn. Goliath. Dellessertii. Guerin, Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 229.

Trigonoph, Del. Westw. Arc. Ent. 1, p. 122, pl. 29, fig. 4.

Coryphocera Del. Burm. Handb. d. Ent. 3, 234.

RHOMBORHIN:.

§ A. Processus mesosterni apice transverso dilatato.

a. Pili pedum posticorum nigri.

Sp. 1. Rhomborhina Mellit. Leete viridis nitens, pedibus subtus

zeruginosis, supra cum tarsis nigris, apice elytrorum trans-

versim scabriusculo,

Long. lin, 16,

Trigonophorus and Rhomborhina. 89

Syn. Gol. Mella. Gory & Perch. Mon. Cet. p. 156, p. 26, fig. 4.

Rhomborhina Mellu. Westw. Arc. Ent. p. 118; Burm.

Handb. d. Ent. 3, pp. 198, 780.

Rhomborhina distincta. Hope, in Trans. Ent. Soe. 3, 63 ;

Westw. Arc. Ent. 1, p. 118, (variety.)

FRhomborhina pilipes. Melly, MSS.; Burm. Handb. d.

Ent. 3, p. 779; Westw. Arc. Ent. 1, 192, (variety.)

Sp. 2. Rhomborhina apicalis. Leete cupreo-fulva, elytris apice

scabris et nigris, tiblis tarsisque nigris, thorace subtus nigro

(metasterno profunde canaliculato), abdomineque cum femo-

ribus nigris vel nigro-zeneis ¢ 9.

Long. corp. lin, 15.

Syn. Rhomborhina apicalis. Westw. Arc. Ent. pl. 30, fig. 2 ;

Burm. Handb. d. Ent. 3, p. 779.

Sp. 3. Rhomborhina hyacinthina. Nigra, nitida, capite pronoti

limbo inferiori, pectore, pedibusque cerulescentibus, tarsis

nigris.

Long. corp. lin, 16 g 9.

Syn. Rhomborhina hyacinthina. Hope, in Trans. Ent. Soc. 3,

62; Westw. Arc. Ent. 1, pl. 30, fig. 1; Burm, Handb.

d. Ent. 3, 199.

b. Pili pedum posticorum fulvi.

Sp. 4. Rhomborhina opalina. Olivaceo-enea, cupreo plus mi-

nusve tincta, scutelli apice seepius eeneo; antennis tarsisque

nigris ¢ 9.

Long. corp. lin. 13, 15.

Syn. Rh. opalina. Hope, in Syn. Col. Nepal. p. 24; Gory &

Perch. Mon. Cet. pl. 26, fig. 5; Westw. Arc. Ent. 1,

p. 118.

Nec Rh. opalina. Burm. Handb, d, Ent. 199 = Rh,

Japonica.

§ B. Mesosterni processus haud dilatatus, subquadratus,

vel subrotundatus (clypeus magis quadratus).

Sp. 5. Rhomborhina resplendens. Viridis, elytrorum disco circa

scutellum nigro. ¢ ¢.

Long. corp. lin. 16.

Syn. Cetonia resplendens. Schwartz, in Schonh. Syn. Ins. 1,

63, App. 51.

Rhomb, respl. Westw. Arc, Ent. 1, 118; Burm. 3, 198,

90 Mr. J. O. Westwood on

Goliathus Heros. Hope, Latr.; Gory & Perch. Mon. Cet.

pl. 26, fig. 3.

Sp. 6. Rhomborhina dives (n. sp. Pl. V. fig. 5.) Tota leetissime

viridi-aurea, nitida; clypeo marginato, viridi, tenuissime

punctato; elytrorum disco impunctato, apice cum podice

parum rugosulo, metasterni lateribus haud punctatis, tarsis

antennisque nigris, pilis tibiarum intermediarum_ brevibus

nigris.

Long. corp. lin. 16.

Habitat in Indiz Orientalis montibus Kasya dictis.

In Mus. Hope.

Note.—The sides of the mesosternal process are nearly parallel,

and the apex produced and slightly angulated at the tip.

Sp. 7. Rhomborhina Japonica. Brevis, lata, supra obscure

brunneo-olivacea, subtus magis varia, capite magno, pedibus

brevibus, obscurioribus, latis ; elytris crebrissime punctulatis,

punctis in strias haud dispositis ; scutello concolori, pilis pe-

dum 4 posticorum fulvis 9.

Long. corp. lin. 13.

Habitat in Japonia.

Syn. Rhomborhina Japonica. Hope, in Trans. Ent. Soc. 3, p. 62;

Westw. Arc. Ent. 1, p. 30, fig. 4.

Rhomb. opalina. Burm. Handb. d. Ent. 3, pp. 199, 779.

Sp. 8. Rhomborhina clypeata. Viridis, rude punctulata; tho-

racis lateribus elytrorumque disco postice magis auratis,

clypeo magno, antice subtruncato, punctis elytrorum in strias

dispositis, pilis pedum posticorum fulvis ¢.

Long. corp. lin. 123.

Habitat in Japonia.

Syn. Rh. clypeata. Westw. Arc. Ent. 1, pl. 34, fig. 3; Burm.

Handb. d. Ent. 3, p. 199.

§ C. Mesosterni processus latitudine angustior.

Sp. 9. Rhomborhina microcephala. Robusta, brunneo-olivacea,

nitidissima, capite parvo, clypeo subquadrato, tibiis anticis 9

angustis mediocriter bidentatis, pedibus cyaneo-nigris, tibiis

4 posticis nigro-setosis 9.

Long. corp. lin. 13, 14.

Trans Ent. Soc. Vol IV,PL6.

Trigonophorus and Rhomborhina. 91

Syn. Rhomborhina microcephala, Westw. Arc, Ent. 1, pl. 30.

fig. 3.

Anomalocera Meares. Burm, Handb, d. Ent. 3, p. 781.

The habit of this species is so entirely that of the other Rhom-

borhine that I cannot agree with Dr. Burmeister in removing it to

the genus Anomalocera, especially as the form of the mesosternal

process is variable in the other Rhomborhine. It is proper, how-

ever, to add, that females only have yet been received of this spe-

cies. The male, when known, will more satisfactorily enable us

to settle the question.

XX. Description of an Asiatic Genus of Lamellicorn Beetles

belonging to the Family Rutelide. by J.O.Wexstwoop,

Poke:

[Read July, 1841.]

Family RUTELIDZ.

Genus Parastasia, Westw. (PI. VI. fig. 1, 2, 3.)

Corpus supra valde gibbosum, pedibus brevissimis.

Caput mediocre humile, antice in medio bituberculatum, tuber-

culoque minori utrinque supra originem antennarum (fig. 2a).

Antenne breves, 10-articulate.

Labrum bilobum, sub clypeum bilobum, fere occultum, ciliatum

(fig. 2b, Ze).

Mandibule (fig. 2d, 2e) cornee, ad apicem extus curvatee

(fig. 2c), angulo externo in dentem subrecurvum et promi-

nentem producto, margine externo in medio subangulato,

interno membranaceo et ciliato, portio molaris (fig. 2/) parva

transverse strigosa, carina elevata fere rotundato-ovalis in

medio notata.

Mazxille cornex, lobo externo producto tridentato (interdum

4-dentato), dente interno obsolete tridenticulato vel trifido

(inde maxilla 5- vel 6-dentate evadunt) (fig. la, 1b, 2g).

Palpi maxillares 4-articulati, articulo 2do praecedenti majori ;

apicali longo-ovali, apice subacuto (fig. 2).

Mentum oblongum, lateribus versus basin rotundato-dilatatis

(fig. 2h). Palpi labiales ante apicem inserta, 3-articulate.

Labium supra vix videas, margine antico ciliato.

92 Mr, J. O. Westwood’s Description

Prothorax transverso-ovalis, valde elevatus et gibbus, angulis

posticis parum productis, et humero elytrorum fere tegenti-

bus ; margine postico integro.

Scutellum mediocre, triangulare.

LElytra brevia gibbosa, anum haud tegentia.

Mesosternum (fig. 22, 21) inter pedes medios parum productum,

Pedes brevissimi; femora antica valde incrassata, tibiis bre-

vissimis intus ad basin unidentatis, extus tridentatis; tarsis

anticis in ¢ brevibus crassis, articulo 5to inflato, unguibus

inzequalibus, uno simplici, altero crasso bifido (fig. 1e, 1d) ;

tarsis anticis unguibusque in 9 (fig. 2%) simplicibus, his

equalibus. Pedes intermedii in ¢ (fig. 1 e) valde incrassati;

tibiis setosis; in @ graciliores (fig. 27), tarsorum articulis

crassis ¢, tenuibus 9, penultimo intus in spinam producto,

unguibus in utroque sexu inequalibus, uno simplici, altero

majori intus unidentato; dente in ¢ lato obtuso. Pedes

postici crassissimi, tibiis in ¢ gracilioribus quam in pedibus

intermediis (fig. 1f/); tarsis in utroque sexu gracilioribus,

unguibus inaequalibus, uno integro, altero bifido (fig. 2m,

pes posticus 9).

This genus appears to be confined to the islands of the Indian

Ocean, especially those of the Philippine range, whence several

species have been brought by Mr. H. Cuming. This locality is

highly interesting, since every species of the family to which the

genus Is strictly referable has hitherto been brought from the New

World.* The form and horny structure of the parts of the

mouth, and especially the produced mesosternum, prove that this

genus is most nearly allied to the family Rutelde, as restricted by

the removal of Hexodon, Cyclocephala, and some other groups

which have not the produced mesosternum and the brilliant

colours of the legitimate Rutelide. It appears most allied to

Chasmodia in the bituberculated clypeus, more elongated galea to

the maxille, and slighter toothing of the mandibles; but it is

sufficiently distinct from all the allied genera in its details, as may

be easily conceived when its geographical locality is taken .into

consideration.

I am indebted to Dr. Burmeister for calling my attention to this

interesting genus, and for the suggestion of a generic name indi-

cative of its representative character; and I take the present

* We must not however overlook the African genus Phenomeris of Hope

(Eupyga of Mannerheim). The genus Celidia of Dejean’s Catalogue cannot at

present be ascribed with certainty to the family Rutelide. See Burmeister’s

Handb. d, Ent, iv. p. 371,

of an Asiatic Genus of Lamellicorn Beetles. 93

opportunity of expressing the gratification as well as instruction

which English Entomologists have received by his visit to us

during the present summer.

The generic characters are derived from a female of P. canali-

culata and a male of P. Westwoodii.

The following are descriptions of the species of this genus.

Sp. 1. Parastasia canaliculata, Westw. (PI. VI. fig. 2.

I ) Ss

Nigra nitida, elytris fulvo-variegatis, plagis duabus elevatis

obliquis utrinque versus scuteilum positis.

Long. corp. lin. 93.

Habitat in insulis Philippinensibus. D. Cuming,

In Mus. Dom. Hope.

Caput nigrum, nitidum, rugoso-punctatum, punctis interdum

in utroque latere confluentibus. Antenne nigre, articulo

basali piceo. Prothorax in parte antica punctatus, postice

vero levis nitidus, impressione parva utrinque versus medium

marginis lateralis, alteraque versus angulos posticos in margine

postico. Elytra levia, nigra, nitida, singulo ad basin versus

scutellum, tuberculis duobus elongatis elevatis, coloris fulvi,

utrinque canaliculatis; plaga parva quadrata hujus coloris

ex medio tuberculi externi evadit, que versus marginem

lateralem postice extensa, et in maculam majorem fulvam

dilatata, plagam denique ovalem obliquam in discum postice

utriusque elytri videas. Corpus subtus nigrum, setulis fulvis

in pedibus anticis et metasterno paullo indutum.

Sp. 2. Parastasia rufopicta, Westw. (PI. VI. fig. 3.)

Nigra, nitida, tenuissime punctata, fascia irregulari ad basin

elytrorum, in singulo elytro antice biramosa et postice in

medio late emarginata.

Long. corp. lin. 11, lat. elytrorum lin. 6.

Habitat in India Oriental. Sylhet.

In Mus. Dom. Stainforth, nune Parry.

Corpus crassissimum. Caput et prothorax nigri. Clypeus

bicornutus et fronte carina elevata (in medio obsoleta) divisa.

Caput valde punctatum. Prothorax punctis minutis in

parte antica et lateralibus, disco et parte postica fere laevibus,

punctis duobus majoribus versus medium fossulisque duabus

rotundatis in medio lateris versus marginem. Elytra nigra,

fascia irregulari undata versus basin notata, ad apicem scutelli,

marginem lateralem haud attingente, hac fascia ramos duos

94 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description

fere rectos in singulo elytro antice emittit, et postice dentata,

et in medio singuli elytri valde emarginata, tubercula duo

elevata picea ad apicem elytrorum. Pedes ut in reliquis,

nigri. Corpus etiam subtus nigrum. Pygidium piceum,

opacum.

This is a considerably larger species than any of the others

described in this memoir.

Sp. 3. Parastasia bipunctata, Westw.

Nigra, prothorace rufo, nigro-bipunctato, elytris nigris, basi

fulvis, singulo maculis duabus nigris.

Long. corp. lin. 84.

Habitat in insulis Philippinensibus. D, Cuming.

In Mus. Britann.

Nigra. Prothorax rufum, macula parva rotundata nigra im-

pressa utrinque versus medium marginis lateralis. Scutellum

rufum, marginibus obscurioribus. Elytra nitidissima, basi

supra versus scutellum haud elevato-tuberculata, dimidio

basali, sutura, plaga media postica apiceque ad suturam fulvis,

macula parva oblonga in medio singuli ad basin, alteraque

ovali versus angulum humeralem nigris. Podex et margines

laterales segmentorum abdominalium rufi.

Sp. 4. Parastasia discolor, Westw.

Nigra, prothorace rufo, elytris castaneo-rufis, basi scutelloque

obscurioribus.

Long. corp. lin. 73.

Habitat in insulis Philippinensibus. D. Cuming.

In Mus. Britann.

Nigra. Caput punctatum, antice subacute bifidum, Pronotum

rufum, tenuissime punctatum; medio marginis postici levi,

puncto parvo rotundato impresso obscuro in medio utriusque

lateris paullo ante marginem. Elytra castaneo-rufa, basi

paullo obscuriora nitida, obsolete punctato-striata. Scutellum

nigrum. Abdomen lateribus rufis, segmento ultimo supra

rufo.

Sp. 5. Parastasia mgriceps, Westw.

Luteo-fulva, capite, prothoracis maculis duabus, alterisque

duabus ad basin elytrorum tarsisque nigris.

Long. corp. lin. 53.

Habitat in insulis Philippinensibus. D. Cuming.

In Mus. Britann.

Luteo-fulva. Caput nigrum, antennz nigra, articulo basali

fulvo. Prothorax subobscurus, puncto parvo utrinque versus

—

of an Asiatic Genus of Lamellicorn Beetles. 95

marginem lateralem, maculisque duabus disci postice, nigris ;

maculaque parva ejusdem coloris in medio basi singuli elytri

pone scutellum haud extensa. Tibiz et articuli tarsorum

apicibus nigricantes. Elytra vix lineato-punctata.

Sp. 6. Parastasia confluens, Westw.

Nigra, prothorace in medio rufo et impresso, elytris obscure

rufis, singulo maculis duabus luteis ovalibus contiguis ante

medium positis.

Long. corp. lin. 53.

Habitat in insulis Philippinensibus. D. Cuming.

In Mus. Britann.

Nigra. Caput valde punctatum, Antenne fusco-nigre. Pro-

thorax niger, punctis validis impressis, preesertim in parte

antica, punctoque majori utrinque in medio lateris paullo

intus marginem ; disco longitudinaliter impresso rufo. Scu-

tellum rufum. Elytra nitida, punctis parum distinctis in

striis dispositis ; obscure rufa, disco paullo pallidiori, singulo

inter medium et scutellum maculis duabus ovalibus magni-

tudine inazequalibus fulvis nigro-cinctis. Corpus infra nigro-

fuscum, fulvo-pilosum.

Sp. 7. Parastasia binotata, Westw.

Nigra, elytrorum singulo macula magna prope scutellum fulva.

Long. corp. lin. 83.

Habitat in insula Java.

In Mus. DD. Melly and Curtis.

Nigra. Caput punctatissimum. Prothorax minus punctatum,

preesertim in parte postica nitidiori, puncto majori impresso

utrinque versus medium marginis lateralis. Elytra nitidis-

sima nigra, macula magna rotundata ad basin singuli prope

scutellum, fulva, Podex tenuissime strigosus et punctatus.

Antenne articulis mediis piceis. Corpus subtus, praesertim

thorace, fulvo-pilosum.

Sp. 8. Parastasia Horsfieldi, Westw.

Nigra, elytris postice piceis.

Long. corp. lin. 93, lat. elytr. lin. 53,

Habitat in insula Java. D. Horsfield.

In Mus. Soc, Mere. Ind. Orient. Londini.

Tota nigra, nitidissima. Caput punctatum, punctis in parte

antica majoribus et subconfluentibus, clypeo acute bifido

96 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description

mandibulisque acutis et valde prominentibus. Pars postica

capitis levis. Prothorax tenuissime punctatus, antice et ad

angulos posticos punctis numerosioribus ; marginibus latera-

libus in medio angulariter prominentibus, puncto magno

impresso, intus marginem angulisque posticis subacutis punc-

tisque duobus minoribus impressis. Elytra nitidissima, pos-

tice piceo-tincta, lavissima. Podex punctatissimus. Corpus

infra griseo-pilosum. Pedes nigri, tarsis anticis brevissimis.

Sp. 9. Parastasia bicolor, Westw.

Nigra, prothorace miniato.

Long. corp. lin. 6, lat. elytr. lin. 3.

Habitat in insula Java. D. Horsfield.

In Mus. Soc. Merc. Ind. Orient. Londini.

Caput nigrum, clypeus in cornubus duobus conicis brevissimis

erectis elevatus ; caput antice fortiter punctatum, parte pos-

tica levi. Antenne et trophi picei. Mandibula minus

prominentes. Prothorax lateribus rotundatis ; miniatus,

nitidissimus, convexus, tenuissime punctatus, puncto majori

utrinque in medio lateris alteroque minori versus angulos

posticos rotundatos. Elytra nigra, nitidissima, sub lente

striis numerosis punctorum minutorum, punctisque alteris

sparsis. Abdomen segmento penultimo nigro, ultimo fulvo

nitido, tenuiter punctato. Pedes nigri, basi picei. Protho-

rax infra piceo-rufus. Corpus infra nigrum, pilis brevibus

fulvis, segmentis terminalibus fulvis.

Sp. 10. Parastasia Westwood, Burm. MS.

(Pl. VI. fig. 1.)

Piceo-brunnea, sordide opaca, thorace utrinque plagis obliquis

fascidque obscura in medio elytrorum nigris, antennarum

basi, femoribus tibiisque lucidioribus.

Long. corp. lin. 52.

Habitat in insula Sumatra. D. Raffles.

Mus. Soc. Zool. Lond.

Caput brunneo-fuscum, valde punctatum; clypeo antice in an-

gulos duos acutos subrecurvos producto, mandibulis parum

prominulis. Antenne ferrugineze, clava obscura, pronotum

opacum, punctatissimum, piceo-brunneum, linea tenui longi-

tudinali dorsali fulvescescenti, postice parum dilatata, utrin-

que striga nigra ex angulis anticis pronoti, fere ad basin

scutelli ducta, marginata; striga altera obliqua utrinque e

of an Asiatic Genus of Lamellicorn Beetles. 97

medio lateris et cum apice strigze praedictee connexa ; versus

medium marginis lateralis utrinque punctum magnum adest.

Elytra prothorace vix latiora, obscura, brunneo-picea, fascia

media indistincta nigricanti notata, valde punctata, punctis in

utroque elytro strias vix regulares circiter 16 formantibus ;

podex tenue setosus. Corpus subtus nigricans, prosterno

pedibusque rufescentibus, tarsis obscurioribus ¢.

Obs.—One of the maxille has four teeth, two being interme-

diate and of equal size, the lower tooth being scarcely trifid ; while

the other maxilla has only one intermediate tooth, the inferior

tooth being more strongly trifid.

This description is derived from a single specimen in the Col-

lection of the Zoological Society, which was examined by Dr.

Burmeister, who applied to it the name of Hyppothetis West-

woodii. Not having seen this insect until several months after Dr.

Burmeister had left England, I was not aware that a generic name

had been given by that author, and as in the interim an account

of this paper had appeared in print, I have not thought it neces-

sary to reject the name which I had myself given to it, upon a

suggestion from Dr. Burmeister himself.

Postscript.—Since the preceding paper was read some additions

have been made to our knowledge of the genus Parastasia.

M. Guérin- Meneville, in the Zoological Supplement to M.

Delessert’s “ Souvenirs d’un Voyage dans ]’Inde,” has described a

species of Parastasia under the name of

Sp. xi. Parastasia obscura, G.-M., in Op. cit. p. 39, and Pl. XI.

fig. 1.

“ Nigra, punctata, scutello, elytris basi et margine exteriori

fusco-fulvis, femoribus apice tibiis tarsisque fusco- fulves-

centibus.

* Long. 12, larg. 7 millim.

* Habitat Pulo Penang.”

As the specimen described by M. Guérin possesses simple and

equal sized ungues in the anterior fore feet, it is evidently a

female, that sex being distinguished by that character from the

males ; the subgeneric name of Carterosoma, therefore, proposed

by M. Guérin-Meneville for his insect, must be abandoned.

VOL, Iv. H

98 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description

Dr. Burmeister has also described an additional species in his

«* Handbuch der Entomologie,” under the name of

Sp. xii. P. femorata, Burm. in Op. cit. vol. iv. p. 375.

“Nigra, nitida, antennarum basi, femorum medio tibiisque intus

falnic. =

“Long. 4” 6.

‘** Habitat in insula Java.”

Professor Erichson has also favoured me with the following

descriptions of three species of the genus, contained in the Royal

Museum of Berlin,

‘Sp. xu. Parastasia scutellaris, Erichson in litt.

‘“‘ Supra lutea, capite scutelloque nigris, infra nigra, abdominis

lateribus luteis.

“ Long. 7 lin.

“Caput punctulatum, inter oculos carina sinuata interceptum,

apice bidentatum, nigrum, nitidum. Antenne nigre, clava

oblonga. Thorax leviter convexus, testaceo-luteus, nitidus,

sparsim subtiliter punctatus. Scutellum nigrum, nitidum,

parce subtilissimeque punctulatum. Elytra striatim punctata,

substriata, lutea. Abdomen supra et lateribus testaceum,

ventre nigro. Pectus et pedes nigra, coxis posticis testaceis.

Miatastarni mucro brevis, triangularis.

‘“‘ Habitat in ins. Riouw, prope Aine ta

“Mus. Reg. Berolin.

“Sp. xiv. Parastasia dimidiata, Erichson in litt.

“ Nigra, nitida, elytris postice luteis, pygidio rufo.

* Long. 43 lin.

“ Nigra, nitida, Caput lineis undulatis rugulosum, antice trans-

versum bituberculatum, apice bicuspidatum, cuspidibus com-

pressis recurvis. Thorax gibbus, antice transversim rugosus,

disco posteriore levi. Scutellum leve. Elytra punctato-

striata, medio subimpressa, postice late testacea. Pygidium

rufum. Metasterni mucro elongatus, acutus, leviter incurvus.

‘* Habitat in ins. Riouw, prope Sumatram.

“« Mus. Reg. Berolin.

“ Sp. xv. Parastasia nitidula, Erichson in litt.

“ Nigra, nitida, elytris fusco-zeneis, politis.

“ Long. 4 lin.

‘Nigra, nitida, Caput undulato-strigosum, antice tuberculo

compresso armatum, antice bicuspidatum, cuspidibus compres-

of an Asiatic Genus of Lamellicorn Beetles. 93

sis, acutis, subrecurvis. Thorax gibbulus, antice et lateribus

punctatus, disco posteriore levigato. Scutellum levigatum.

Elytra fusco-zenea, polita, striato-punctata, striis postice ab-

breviatis, ante medium transversim impressa. Pygidium

convexum, transversim rugosum. Metasterni mucro elon-

gatus, acutus, incurvus.

** Habitat in ins. Bintam, prope Sumatram.

“Mus. Reg. Berolin.

** Omnes sunt genuine Parastasie, neque ad Barymorpham Guér.

referende.”

M. Guérin-Meneville, in the work quoted above, has also de-

scribed an insect closely allied to Purastasia, possessing however

simple and equal claws to all the tarsi. The following are the

characters of this section or subgenus.

BaryMorpPHA, Guérin.

“ Corps court, épais, presque globuleux. Chaperon bidenté, a

dents relevées. Antennes de dix articles. Mandibules a

sommet bilobé. Machoires armées de six fortes dents ou

épines arquées. Pattes courtes, jambes antérieures épaisses,

un peu aplaties, armées de trois dents 4 l’extremité. Tarses

courts, assez gréles, a dernier article beaucoup plus court

que les quatre précédents, avec les crochets plus courts que

cet article, egaux arqués et simples.”,

Sp. 1, (xvi.) Barymorpha bimaculata, Guérin, in Op. cit. p. 41,

Tab. XI. fig. 2.

“ Rufo-castanea, capite nigro; thorace maculis duabus nigris

notato; elytris flavo-nebulosis ; pygidio nigro rufoque va-

riegato.

“ Long. 10, larg. 10 mill.

** Habitat Pulo Penang.”

Professor Burmeister has adopted this group as a second sec-

tion in the genus Parastasia, and has added the description of

another species.

Sp. 2, (xvil.) Parastasia (Barymorpha) melanocephala, Burm.

in Op. cit. p. 377.

** Rufo-castanea, nitidissima, capite nigro.

* Long. 8” 9.

** Habitat in insula Java.”

H 2

100 Rey. F. W. Hope’s Descriptions

XXI. Descriptions of some new Species of Coleoptera from

Adelaide in New Holland. By the Rev. F. W. Hops,

F.R.S., President of the Entomological Society, &c.

[Read 6th June, 1842.]

Havine lately received through the post office a small collection

of insects forwarded to this country from Adelaide in New Hol-

land by one of the members of this Society, Mr. Fortnum, I

describe the following species, prefacing the descriptions with the

following extracts from Mr. Fortnum’s letter, dated from that

settlement on 10th August, 1841 :—

‘From what little observations I have made of the Entomology

of this country, it is very singular: the great scarcity of all forms

of predaceous land beetles, those few that are found being chiefly

under the loose bark of trees; a large black species is found

under dung, logs, &c:;: in fact Coleoptera generally are far from

abundant: the most conspicuous and numerous insects being

the ants, which appear to me in a great measure to replace the

predaceous Coleoptera. I send you a species, which will give

some idea of their powers; it stings with as much severity as the

common wasp with you. The number of ants is surprising, and

the great variety of forms among them is equally so. I have

observed at least thirty species. The aquatics appear more

numerous. The Hydréus (?) sent is from the salt (sea) water

creek of the port; the others from fresh water holes inland.

Staphilinide are rare. Of Buprestide I have only seen those sent.

The Onthophagus is the only one I have seen; one individual was

taken flying round human feces: the Hister also. I send you

all the Lamellicornes I have as yet observed. ‘The same is to be

said of the Longicornes, with the exception of a fine Prionus,

which would have taken too much room. The little Cassida was

found under the bark of the pine (Callitris). 1 think also that the

numerous species of spiders, found here in every situation, per-

form in a great measure the part of the predaceous beetles. I

have done as little in Orthoptera as in Coleoptera. There is a

species of Forficula. Of Blatta there are a great number; of

Mantis some interesting small forms, the males winged, 9 apterous ;

of Phasma a fine species, near Phyllium; but I have seen few

species. I have the larva of an Xya from the bed of a creek, and

two fine species of Gryllacris. On my first arrival I observed an

individual of Mantispa, which unfortunately evaded me; but I

of some new Species of Coleoptera. 101

am certain of its form, for I observed it on a leaf, and was par-

ticularly noticing a peculiar motion of its raptorial legs, when it

suddenly darted off. I am thus particular in my mention of it,

from a passage | happened to open upon in Mr. Swainson’s volume

on the Insects (Lardner’s Cyclopedia), which [ have just received,

and in which it says, ‘ of Mantispa the greatest number of species

appears to occur in America, although it is found all over the

world, excepting New Holland.’ 1 have two species of Myrmeleon.

In the other orders only a few straggling species, none of any re-

markable forms. I have also three species of scorpions. I trust

that as soon as I become settled I shall not only be enabled to

collect the specimens, but also to make some observations on their

habits, &c., and also to be enabled to collect the animals, birds,

plants, &c. of this fine country. The animals here evidently

possess much interest. I have an apparently new species of

Jerboa (Dipus), totally different from that obtained by Major

Mitchell, and figured in his narrative; mine is fully twice the

size. The birds, too, present great variety and beauty. The

reptiles are very numerous; I know about twenty species of

lizards,

“‘ The voyage out here was very pleasant. Nothing of particular

interest occurred, except that when off the coast of Africa, about

300 miles from land, (Monday, 7th September, 1840,) a butterfly

visited us; it looked like a frittiillary, but we could not catch it.

Long. 21° 25’ W., lat. 24° 54° N. Again, on Sunday the 13th,

long. 25° 34’ 30”, lat. 12° 15’, three dragon flies, apparently true

Libellule, with red abdomens, hovered about us, and I caught a

Noctua off one of the sails; and the next day the dragon flies

were still with us, and another butterfly, flying like Vanessa.

“TI arrived on the 13th of December, after a passage of four

months and a week: we did not touch anywhere on the voyage.

I am happy to say my collection of Orthoptera, which I brought

here, arrived perfectly safe. This is certainly a beautiful country ;

the plains about Adelaide are now looking like a park; in the

summer (December, January, &c.) they are parched with the heat

of the sun: a few days after my arrival the thermometer stood at

110° under a verandah in the town. The scenery up the hills of

the Mount Lofty range, where I at present am living, is very

beautiful, and has the advantage of being cooler in the summer

than the plains. Yesterday (9th August) it snowed a little, and

people were all complaining of the ‘ intense cold.’ But how com-

parative our feelings are! when the thermometer here stands at

from 45° @ 50° every one complains of the cold, and great coats

102 Rey. F. W. Hope’s Descriptions

are in demand. The land about Adelaide is very fertile, and the

wheat, &c. everywhere looks excellent, and abundant crops are

expected.”

Fam. BUPRESTID.

Sp. 1. Stizgmodera Fortnumi.

Violacea, capite viridi, thorace punctulato, lateribus flavo-

marginatis, medio purpurascenti. Elytra violacea, striato-

punctata, ternisque latis fasciis flavis insignita. Corpus infra

viride, lateribus thoracis, pectore segmentisque abdominis

utrinque flavo notatis. Pedes virides.

Long. lin. 18, lat. lin. 8.

This magnificent species I name in honour of Mr. Fortnum, one

of the most zealous Entomologists of this Society. His ardour

in the pursuit of science induced him to visit the Australian

continent, if I may so call it, and I am happy to say that his ex-

pectations have been in no way disappointed, as far as regards

Zoology. ‘To his exertions many naturalists are greatly indebted,

and much may be expected from him. The above insect was

taken at the new settlement named Adelaide.

Sp. 2. Conognatha Bremei.

Nigra, capite fere trigono neo, medio fortiter impresso.

Thorax bronzeus, marginibus externis subimpressis, disco

punctatissimo, lined longitudinali medio vix impressa, fovea

utrinque fortiter insculpta. Elytra nigra, binis fasciis rubris,

lateribus externis anticé concoloribus. Corpus infra eneum

et nitidum, pedibus concoloribus et punctatis.

Long. lin. 9, lat. lin. 33.

This beautiful species I name in honour of the Marquis de Breme,

the author of several interesting Entomological treatises.

Sp. 3. Conognatha coccinata, Hope.

Coccinea, capite viride, antennisque concoloribus. Thorax

leeté miniatus punctatus, maculisque ternis viridibus insig-

nitus, binis externis minutis, medioque majori fere rotundato.

Elytra coccinea, tribus fasciis laté viridibus ornata, prima

basale, duobus aliis fere apicalibus, viridi macula in singulo

elytrorum inter basalem fasciam et apicales valdé conspicua,

Corpus infra sanguineum, pectore segmentisque abdominis

utrinque viridi-maculatis, pedibus concoloribus.

Long. lin. 54, lat. lin. 2.

of some new Species of Coleoptera. 103

Sp. 4. Stigmodera Parryi.

Nigra, capite anticé argenteo, antennis zeneis, serratis. ‘Thorax

niger, punctatus. Elytra miniata, ad basin maculis ternis

atris insignita, binis externe humeralibus et elongatis, tertioque

infra scutellum posito, fere rotundato. Circa medium disci

semicircularis macula ad suturam globum atrum format, apex

elytrorum ater est et subbidentatus. Corpus infra chalybeo-

zeneum et punctatum, pedibus concoloribus.

Long. lin. 35, lat. lin. 1.

In Mus. Dom. Hope.

Sp. 5. Stigmodera Guerinii.

Violacea, thorace nigro, marginibus auratis. Elytra anticeé et

posticé nigro-violacea, in medio fascid lata flava insignita.

Corpus infra Jaté violaceum, pedibus concoloribus.

Long. lin. 3, lat. lin. 1}.

This elegant little Buprestis | have named in honour of Monsieur

Guérin, the editor of the ‘“ Revue Zoologique” and other im-

portant Entomological works.

Fam. CANTHARIDE.

TaesiperRA, Westwood.

Sp. 6. Tmesidera violacea, Hope.

Violacea, capite nigro nitido, antennis concoloribus. Thorax

niger, antice capite latior, angulis anticis rotundatis, posticis

fere rectis. Dorsum linea longitudinale fovedque utrinque

fortiter impressa insignitum. LElytra violacea, varioloso-

rugosa. Corpus infra rubrum. Pedes antici nigri, quatuor

postici concolores, femoribus rubris exceptis.

Long. lin. 54, lat. lin. 13.

Sp. 7. Tmesidera assimilis.

Nigra, antennis pedibusque concoloribus et nitidis. Thorax vix

impressus. Elytra rubro-testacea, lineis parum elevatis.

Long. lin. 43, lat. lin. 14.

The present insect closely approaches the type of the genus; it

differs considerably in magnitude, and in many points cannot be

compared with rufipennis. It inhabits Western Australia.

104 Rev. F. W. Hope’s Descriptions

Sp. 8. Tmesidera rubricollis.

Nigra, thorace rubro, elytris atris subrugosis, pedibusque con-

coloribus. Corpus infra nigrum.

Long. lin. 3, lat. lin. 1.

I am aware of three other species of the above genus, but am

unable to describe them, from the imperfect state in which they

reached this country.

Fam. CARABIDZE.

Sp. 9. Calosoma Curtisii.

Viride, thorace fere glabro, posticé fortiter impresso, elytris

striato-punctatis et rugosis, punctisque impressis, in triplici

serie ordinatis. Corpus infra piceo-castaneum, viridique

colore tinctum; pedibus antennisque piceis, femoribus punc-

tulatis.

Long. lin. 10, lat. lin. 4.

This singular insect was sent to me by Mr. W. Sharpe MacLeay.

It is well figured by the late excellent artist Mr. C. Curtis; and I

have much pleasure in naming it after that unobtrusive individual ;

hoping that his name will not be forgotten as an artist or as an

Entomologist.

Sp. 10. Calosoma Australe.

Nigro-zeneum, palpis articulisque quatuor primis antennarum

piceis, reliquis flavo-piceis et tomentosis. Thorax subcor-

datus punctulatus, posticé utrinque fortiter impressus. Elytra

nigro-zenea confertim punctato-striata, punctis subaeneis in

triplici serie ordinatis. Corpus infra nigro-piceum, pedibus

concoloribus, tibiisque subciliatis.

Long. lin. 10, lat, lin. 33.

Fam. HETEROMORPHIDZ, Hope.

SitpHomorPHa, Westwood.

Sp. 11. Stlphomorpha Orectocheiloides, Hope.

Totum corpus supra nigro-piceum, lateribus thoracis margini-

busque elytrorum pallidioribus, infra brunneo-piceum, antennis

pedibusque concoloribus.

Long. lin. 6}, lat. lin. 23.

The above insect is from Adelaide.

of some new Species of Coleoptera. 105

AvEtLortopus, Hope.

Sp. 12. Adelotopus Fortnumi, Hope.

Niger, marginibus lateralibus thoracis piceis, palpis ferrugineis.

Corpus infra atro-piceum, segmentis abdominis posticé

brunneo-piceis, pedibus concoloribus.

Long. lin. 33, lat. lin. 13.

Habitat circa Adelaida.

Actnopus, Ziegler.

Sp. 13. Acinopus Australis, Hope.

Niger, marginibus externis thoracis postice leeté cupreis. Thorax

magnus, transverse subrugosus. Elytra fere glabra, margini-

bus subeeneis et punctatis. Corpus infra nigrum, femoribus

posticis parum incrassatis.

Long. lin. 9, lat. lin. 23.

This singular insect is closely allied to Acinopus of Ziegler, in

which it accords in its most essential characters. I know of no

species however with the elytra smooth; the posterior thighs also

are more incrassated than in Acinopus, it will therefore probably

in future be formed into a subgenus.

Fam. BYRRHIDE.

Sp. 14. Anthremis Australis.

Niger, capite atro, thorace medio concolori, marginibus externis

albis, elytris tribus fasciis undatis albis, corpus infra nigrum.

Long. lin. 14, lat. lin. 3.

Fam. MELYRID.

Sp. 15. Dasytes nigricans, Hope.

Ater, pubescens, thorace longioribus capillis obsito. Elytra

atra brunnea, marginibus externis pallidioribus.

Long. lin. 13, lat. lin. 3.

Habitat in Adelaida.

Sp. 16. Dasytes fuscipennis.

Ater, antennis rubris, thorace pubescenti nigro. Elytra fusco-

testacea punctata, pedibus concoloribus.

Long. lin. 13, lat. lin, 2.

106 Rev. F. W. Hope’s Descriptions

Fam. PSELAPHIDE.

Articerus, Dalman.

Sp. 17. Articerus Fortnumi.

Sanguineus, capite elongato ovato, fronte rotundato. Thorax

fere quadratus, angulis anticis rotundatis medio impressus.

Elytra thorace latiora, marginibus posticis nigricantibus.

Abdomen posticé rotundatum, utrinque macula nigra insig-

nitum ; pedibus robustis et incrassatis.

Long. lin. 3, lat. lin. 4.

I believe this is the first time that 4riicerus has been taken in

a recent state: the species described by Dalman was found either

in resin or amber. I am inclined to consider it as belonging to the

resins, and that it could not be found in amber. The above species

is named in honour of our fellow Entomologist, Mr. Fortnum,

now actively collecting for us at the Adelaide settlement. It was

found in the nest of a species of ant which is unknown to us.

Fam. TENEBRIONIDE.

Triconorarsus,* Hope.

Novum genus forma fere orbicularis. Calo affinis Escholtzi.

Antenne 11-articulatee, extrorsum magnitudine increscentes,

ternis ultimis majoribus, Caput clypeo integro, ultimo articulo

palporum cylindrico, apice acuto preecedenti majori. Thorax

anticé emarginatus, scutellum nullum. Llytra posticé acumi-

nata. Jvbie antice trigonz, externéque dentate, reliquz

simplices.

Sp. 18. Zrigonotarsus Australis, Hope.

Fuscus, antennis apice piceis, thorace piloso, elytrisque con-

coloribus. Corpus infra squalidum et tomentosum; tibiis

anticis rubris, antrorsum trigonis, externe dentatis, dente

majori in medio posito.

Long. lin. 23, lat. lin. 13.

I have thought proper to make the above insect the type of a

new genus; it approaches nearly to Celus of Escholtz. As it is

my intention to figure it shortly, I pass on to other Heteromera of

New Holland.

* Tpiyovos, triancular—repoos, tarsus—Trigonotarsus.

ig , P

of some new Species of Coleoptera. 107

Sp. 19. Tagenia funerosa, Hope.

Nigra, antennis pilosis, capite anticé depresso, thorace parum

convexo, elytris striato-punctatis et hirsutis, pedibusque

nigris. .

Long. lin. 2, lat. lin. 3.

This insect inhabits Van Diemen’s Land.

Sp. 20. Tagenia leucospila, Hope.

Nigra, antennis incrassatis et pilosis, capite punctato albisque

capillis asperso. Thorax transverse impressus et punctulatus.

Elytra fortiter punctata, punctis duplici serie signatis lineisque

aliquot elevatis pilosis, variisque maculis albis pilosis per

discum aspersis, pedibusque nigris.

Long. lin. 2, lat. lin. 3.

This species occurs at Port Essington and at the Swan River,

and I believe also in Van Diemen’s Land.

Sp. 21. Platynotus insularis, Hope.

Niger, capite fere quadrato, thorace glabrato, postice angulato,

marginibus elevatis. Elytra excavato-punctata, apicibus sub-

acutiusculis. Corpus infra nigrum, tarsis piceis.

Long. lin. 7, lat. lin. 3.

I have received this insect from Melville Island, and have named

it in my cabinet as insularis ; a very minute specimen has reached

me also from Port Essington.

Sp. 22. Opatrum spheroides, Hope.

Nigrum, clypeo emarginato, antennis ultimis articulis incre-

scentibus et piceis. Thorax punctulatus, elytris rugosis, sub-

tuberculato-pilosis. Corpus infra nigrum, pedibus concoloribus,

tarsis exceptis piceis.

Long. lin. 23, lat. lin. 13.

Sp. 23. Isopteron opatroides, Hope.

Fuscum, antennis rubro-piceis, thorace angulis anticis subacutis,

posticis fere rectis. Elytra striato-punctata. Corpus infra

atrum punctatum, femoribus et tibiis concoloribus, tarsisque

piceis.

Long. lin. 4, lat. lin. 1}.

Habitat in Western Australia.

108 Rev. F. W. Hope’s Descriptions

Sp. 24. Opatrum piceitarsis, Hope.

Fuscum, capite anticé impresso, antennis piceis. Thorax fere

quadratus, angulis anticis parum productis et acutis, posticis

vix rectis. Elytra striato-punctata, thorace triplo longiora.

Corpus infra fusco-griseum, femoribus et tibiis concoloribus,

tarsisque piceis.

Long. lin. 33, lat. lin, 1.

Sp. 25. Asida serricollis, Hope.

Nigra, antennis tarsisque piceis, thorace valdé emarginato,

lateribusque externé serratis. Elytra aliquot lineis minutis

punctisque elevatis per totum discum aspersis. Corpus infra

concolor, tarsis exceptis piceis.

Long. lin. 43, lat. lin. 2.

Sp. 26. Endophleus Australis, Hope.

Flavo-brunneus, antennis nigricantibus pilosis. Thorax angulis

anticis parum productis, posticis recté acutis, disco lined

longitudinali macula utrinque nigricanti insignito. Elytra

flavo brunneoque colore variegata. Corpus infra concolor,

tarsis infra flavo-comatis.

Long. lin. 33, lat. lin. 13.

Sp. 27. Endophleus varucornis, Hope.

Niger, antennis atris, articulis quibusdam flavis et pilosis, capite

atro nitido, Thorax excavatus, anticé niger, posticé flavus,

maculis duabus atro-pilosis ante scutellum positis. Scutellum

flavum. Elytra sulcata, lineato-punctata, flavo brunneoque

colore variegata. Corpus infra griseo-flavum.

Long. lin. 23, lat. lin. 1.

I received the above from the vicinity of Adelaide.

Fam. DIAPERID.

Sp. 28. Neomida tetrasyilota, Hope.

Atra, capite anticé rubro, thorace nigro et nitido. Elytra

concolora, quatuor maculis rubris insignita, binze ad humeros

binzeque aliz ad apicem posite. Corpus infra nigrum, pectore

utrinque rufescenti, pedibusque rubris.

Long. lin. 13, lat. lin. 3.

of some new Species of Coleoptera. 109

Sp. 29. Tetraphyllus sumptuosus, Hope.

Violaceus, antennis concoloribus, thorace anticé posticéque cyaneo,

Jateribus auratis. Elytra striato-punctata, binis fasciis auratis

insignita apicibusque concoloribus, medio disci laeté violaceo

maculisque duabus cyaneis ante apicem positis. Corpus

infra abdomine violaceo, pectore femoribusque auratis tibiisque

cyaneis.

Long. lin. 23, lat. lin. 13.

Sp. 30. Cnodulon longipennis, Hope.

Affine Cupreo, Fab. Oblongum, thorace atro, elytris viridi-

purpurascentibus, striato-punctatis, punctis minutis ; corpore

infra atro et nitido.

Long. lin. 73, lat. lin. 33.

Sp. 31. Cnodulon cupripennis, Hope.

Oblongum, thorace atro-zneo, subtilissimé punctulato, antennis

nigris. Elytra cupreo-zenea, vix sub lente striato-punctata,

punctis sparsim aspersis. Corpus infra nigrum.

Long. lin. 64, lat. lin. 3}.

Sp. 32. Cnodulon cupricolle, Hope.

Oblongum, thorace rosi-cupreo glabro, antennis atris. Elytra

olivaceo-viridia lineato-punctata, punctis minutis. Corpus

infra nigrum.

Long. lin.* 54, lat. lin. 23.

The above insect inhabits Melville Island.

Sp. 33. Cnodulon puncticolle.

Oblongum, thorace atro punctulato, elytris cupreo-zeneis sulcato-

punctatis, sulcis fortiter punctatis, punctis inter strias minutis.

Corpus infra nigrum et nitidum.

Long. lin. 6, lat. lin. 3.

Sp. 34. Cnodulon sulcipennis, Hope.

Oblongum, thorace atro glabro, elytrisque cupreo-zneis sulcato-

punctatis, sulcis fortiter impressis, interstitiis striarum lzevibus ;

corpore infra nigro et nitido.

Long. lin. 44, lat. lin. 2.

110 Rev. F. W. Hope’s Descriptions

Sp. 35. Cnodulon picicorne.

Oblongum, thorace atro antennisque piceis. Elytra cupreo-

enea, purpurascentia, striato-punctata. Corpus infra nigrum,

femoribus concoloribus, tibiis tarsisque brunneo-piceis.

Long. lin. 4, lat. lin. 12.

Sp. 36. Cnodulon cyanipennis, Hope.

Oblongum, thorace trapezoidali nigro, anticé contracto, postice

dilatato. Elytra leeté cyanea, striato-punctata. Corpus infra

nigrum, pedibus antennisque concoloribus, antennis quatuor

ultimis articulis magnitudine increscentibus; tarsis infra

flavo-comatis.

Long. lin. 6, lat. lin. 2.

This insect, from the shape of the thorax, ought to be sepa-

rated from Cnodulon.

Sp. 37. Cnodulon anthracinum, Hope.

Atrum, preecedenti affini. Caput fere quadratum, antennis

palpisque piceis. Thorax glaber, elytris striato-punctatis ;

corpore infra concolore et nitido.

Long. lin. 4, lat. lin. 13.

I possess about ten other specimens of Cnodulon, which are

undescribed. It appears that there are two, if not three, sub-

genera included at present amongst the New Holland insects

ranked as Cnodulon.

Fam. TENEBRIONID.

Sp. 38. Tenebrio longipennis.

Niger, thorace fere quadrato, angulis anticis rotundatis, posticis

acutis et denticulatis ; elytris striato-punctatis, nitidis, atris ;

corpore infra pedibusque concoloribus.

Long. lin. 8, lat. lin, 2.

Sp. 39. Tenebrio convexiusculus, Hope.

Niger, preecedenti affinis, at minor; thorace convexiori; elytris

fortissime punctatis, punctisque majoribus valde impressis.

Long. lin. 6, lat. lin. 13.

of some new Species of Coleoptera. 11]

Sp. 40. Tenebrio cyanipennis, Hope.

Ater, antennis brunneo-piceis, thorace nigro-violaceo, fere

glabro; elytris striato-punctatis et cyaneis. Corpus infra

nigrum, femoribus et tibiis piceis, tarsisque infra flavo-comatis.

Long. lin. 53, lat. lin. 13.

Fam. HELOPID-.

Sp. 41. Helops latipennis, Hope.

Nigro-chalybeus, thorace fere quadrato, depresso et punctato ;

antennis atris, quatuor ultimis articulis piceis. Elytra thorace

latiora, posticé parum dilatata, subtilissimé punctata et viridi-

chalybea. Corpus infra nigrum, nitidum; femoribus, tibiis,

palpisque piceis, tarsisque infra flavo-comatis.

Long. lin. 10, lat. lin. 4.

Sp. 42. Allecula pimeloides, Hope.

Nigra, antennis piceo-tomentosis, thorace convexo, angulis

anticis rotundatis. Elytra thorace triplo longiora, subacumi-

nata, striato-punctata, striis haud fortiter impressis. Corpus

infra nigrum, ultimo segmento abdominis in medio flavo-

maculato.

Long. lin. 8, lat. lin, 23.

Sp. 43. Allecula omophiloides, Hope.

Nigra, thorace depresso convexo, angulis posticis subacutis,

lateribus medio dilatatis. Elytra striato-punctata, posticé

valde dilatata. Corpus infra nigrum punctatum, tarsisque

infra flavo-comatis.

Long. lin. 6, lat. lin. 2.

Sp. 44. Allecula melancholicha, Hope.

Nigra, thorace fere rotundato, punctulato, elytrisque striato-

punctatis, posticé gradatim dilatatis. Corpus infra nigrum.

Long. lin. 53, lat. lin. 13.

Sp. 45. Allecula canescens, Hope.

Fusco-grisea, thorace albido-tomentoso; elytris striato-punc-

tatis, fusco-cinerascentibus seu albidis capillis obsitis. Corpus

infra concolor.

Long. lin. 6, lat. lin. 2.

112 Rev. F. W. Hope’s Descriptions

Sp. 46. Allecula foveicollis, Hope.

Picea, thorace glabro, foved impress4 rotunda utrinque im-

pressd. Elytra striato-punctata picea, punctis fortiter in-

sculptis. Corpus infra concolor, pedibus pallidioribus.

Long. lin. 5, lat. lin. 13.

Sp. 47. Allecula Gouldi.

Affinis precedenti, at minor. Picea, thorace glabro convexo,

elytris parum pallidioribus, striato-punctatis, punctis leviter

impressis. Corpus infra rubro-piceum.

Named in honour of Mr. Gould the Ornithologist.

Sp. 48. Allecula nigricans, Hope.

Atro-picea, thorace punctulato, elytris striato-punctatis, inter-

stitiis striarum sparsim punctatis. Corpus infra piceum,

pedibus concoloribus,

Long. lin. 43, lat. lin. 1.

This species was sent to me with the preceding, by Mr. Gould

from Port Essington.

Fam. DYNASTIDE.

CorynopuyLius, Hope, n. g.

Corpus breve, crassum, convexum. Caput mediocre, vertice

bituberculato, clypeo porrecto, apice emarginato. Labrum

clypeo obtectum. Mandibule inermes, extus rotundate,

clypeo haud obtectee. Maville elongate, lobo apicali bre-

vissimo, longé ciliato. Palpi maxillares breviusculi crassi.

Mentum elongato-conicum, apice rotundato, valde setosum.

Labium haud visibile. Palpi labiales minuti, 3-articulati.

Antenne 10-articulate, articulis 4 et 5 minutis; tribus ultimis

maximis flabellum curvatum efficientibus. Prosternum gracile,

parvum, truncatum. T%bie 2 anticze 3-dentate, 4 posticee

in medio spinose. Tarsi graciles.

Sp. 49. Corynophyllus Fortnumi, Hope. (Pl. VI. fig. 4.)

Niger, nitidus, fulvo-setosus, punctatissimus, antennis brunneo-

fulvis, elytrisque castaneis, capitis vertice tuberculis duobus

parvis, prothorace anticé retuso et longitudinaliter impresso,

elytris rudé punctato-striatis.

Long. corp. lin. 7.

of some new Species of Coleoptera. 113

Fam. GEOTRUPIDE?

Puenocenatua, Hope.

Genus novum Pachypo affine, pedibus posticis longissimis.

Caput in medio cornutum. Labrum porrectum, conicum.

Mandibule exserte. Antenne 9-articulate. Mazille \obis

minutissimis. Prothorax anticé subretusus. Llytra conica,

posticé valde attenuata. TZarsi gracillimi.

Sp. 50. Phenognatha Erichsoni, Hope.

Castaneo-fulva, capite unicorni, cornu nigro, posticé flavo

tomentoso; thorace punctato, margine omni ciliato; elytris

nigris, ad basin castaneis, striato-punctatis, punctis quasi

erosis, corpore infra piloso; pedibus concoloribus et auro-

setosis.

Long. corp. lin. 7 (nec 3), lat. lin. 23.

From Port Essington. Named in honour of Professor Erichson,

who has figured some singular genera allied to Pachypus as well

as to the above genus.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES.

Plate VI. fig. 4. Corynophyllus Fortnwmi.

4a, front of head; 4b, ditto, with antenna from beneath; * labrum ;

t mandible; 4c, maxilla; 4d, mentum and labial palpi; 4e, pro-

sternum,

Plate VI. fig. 5. Phenognatha Erichsonii.

5a, mandible; 5b, maxilla; 5c, mentum, labium, and labial palpi;

5d, antenna.

Plate VII. fig. 1. Articerus Fortnumi.

la, head and basal joint of antenna; 1), elytron; lc, wing; 1d, fore

leg, male; le, ditto, female; 1f, middle leg, male; 1 g, ditto, female;

1h, hind leg, male; 1%, ditto, female; 1k, abdomen from above ;

11, ditto, from beneath; 1m, head and basal joint of antenna, from a

single specimen from the head of Gulf St. Vincent.

VOL. IV. I

114 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions

XXII. Descriptions of some Coprophagous Lamellicorn

Beetles from New Holland. By J. O. Wesrwoop,

F.LS.

[Read Ist November, 1841.]

Tue insects described below belong to that division of the family

of the sacred beetles, (Scarabeide, MacLeay, Ateuchites, auct. al.,)

which is distinguished by having the head and thorax destitute of

horns; the scutellum obsolete; the intermediate tibiae with two

spurs, and they, as well as the posterior tibiae, not dilated into an

elongated triangle at the tip, as in the Coprides.

It is a remarkable peculiarity in Entomo-geography, that whilst

the arid deserts of Africa produce great numbers of coprophagous

Scarabeide of large size, New Holland is almost entirely destitute

of these insects; and of these, the largest appears to be the

Circellium hemisphericum, Péron, (Pl. VILL. fig. 3,)

figured by Guérin in the ‘“ Iconographie du Reéegne Animal, In-

sectes,” pl. 21, fig. 3, (and described in the texte, p. 76,) as 73 lines

(15 millem.) long. This insect has been formed by Reiche into

the genus Corrorcus, in the “ Revue Zoologique, par la Société

Cuvierriene” for July in the present year (1841, p. 211).

M. Reiche, in his memoir on this group of insects, published

since the above was written, states that in the specimen belonging

to the Jardin des Plantes the antennz and part of the trophi are

wanting. His figure of the insect is much more elongate-oval

than that of M. Guérin; it is, however, evidently not broad

enough, according to the dimensions given by M. Reiche. This

author has detected short but distinct tarsi in the fore feet, and a

single spur at the extremity of the middle tibiz. He has, how-

ever, represented the posterior tibiz as terminating on the inside

in an acute spine as long as the calcar; whereas M. Guérin figures

it as truncated, obliquely emitting the calcar near the middle of

the truncation: and he describes the elytra as very convex, with

six elevated smooth coste, each of which is accompanied on each

side by a row of small punctures, in which respect it approaches

Tessarodon, from which, however, it is separated by its possessing

only one spur to the middle tibiz.

Another species, remarkably distinct in having the hind angles

of the thorax acute and prolonged backwards, and being 3} lines

long, has been mistaken for the Ateuchus Hollandie of Fabricius,

by Dejean, (who has formed it into the genus AuLacium, adopted

Trans Ent. Soc. Vel IV PL.S.

of some Coprophagous Lamellicorn Beetles. 115

by Reiche in the work above referred to,) whilst De Laporte formed

it (with the same erroneous specific name) into his slightly charac-

terized genus Mentophilus (Hist. Nat. An. art. Col. vol. ii. p. 74,

pl. 4, fig. 4). Reiche has, however, proposed for it the specific

name of 4. carinatum. (PI. VIII. fig. 4, and details.)

The real Ateuchus Hollandie, the original specimen of which,

described by Fabricius from the Banksian Cabinet, I detected

amongst the unarranged insects of that collection in the possession

of the Linnzean Society, although still authenticated by the original

label, bas been formed by Mr. Hope into the genus Tessarodon,

in his “ Coleopterist’s Manual,” vol. i. p. 55; the insect itself

being figured in his plate 3, fig. 15. More recently Mr. Hope has

obtained two other species of the same genus from Australia,

which have enabled me to give the following generic details; but

as these insects absolutely disagree with the character expressed

by the name Tessarodon, (having only two teeth in the front of

the clypeus,) another name ought to be given to the genus.

Trssaropon, Hope, Reiche.

Corpus obovatum, subconvexum. Caput anticé in dentibus

duobus triangularibus brevibus productum ; angulis posticis

posticé haud porrectis. M/entwm subquadratum, anticé parum

emarginatum. Palpi labiales breves, articulis duobus basalibus

subzequalibus longe setosis, tertio (apicali) minimo. Pro-

thorax rudé punctatus, lJateribus in medio angulatis vel sub-

angulatis, utrinque versus marginem profundé impressus.

Elytra ovato-rotundata, tenuissimé striata, striis per paria

ordinatis, singulo pari utrinque linea punctorum impressorum

notato. Pedes longi. Tibie antice calcari brevi oblique

truncato instructe ; dbre@ intermediz curvate depresse, pone

medium subdilatatee, angulo apicali externo oblique truncato,

bicalcaratee; tibie posticee minus curvate, apice interno

recurvo unicalearate. ZJarsz antici brevissimi, articulo ultimo

longo; tarsi 4 postici longiores, articulo 2ndo precedenti

parum majori; unguibus parvis, valde curvatis.

Sp. 1. Tessarodon Hollandie.

T. subrotundatus, totus ater, clypeo quadridentato, prothorace

punctis oblongo-ovalibus impresso, elytris sulcatis, striis per

paria impressis.

Long. corp. lin. 23.

Habitat in Nova Hollandia.

In Mus. Soe. Linn. Lond., olim Banks.

12

116 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions

Syn. Scarabeus Hollandie, Oliv. Ins. |. 3, 174, t. 13, fig. 119;

Fabricius, Ent. Syst. 1, p. 65.

Ateuchus Hollandie, Fabricius, Syst. El. 1, p. 57.

Tessarodon Nove Hollandie, Hope, Col. Man. 1, p. 56,

pl. 3, fig. 15; nec Aulactum Hollandie, Dejean, vel

Mentophilius Hollandie, Lap.

This species is smaller and (in proportion to its size) broader

than either of the two following; the sides of the head are pro-

duced on each side of the two middle horns into an advanced

conical lobe; the club of the antennze is pale yellow; the fore

tibiae are not so broad as in the next species, and the teeth on the

outside are obtuse; the hind tibiae appendiculated at the tip on

the inside.

The above description, and the figure published in Mr. Hope’s

Coleopterist’s Manual, were taken from the original specimen still

preserved at the Linnzan Society.

Sp. 2. Tessarodon angulatus, Westw. (Pl. VIII. fig. 2.)

T. subovalis, obscuré castaneus, capite et prothorace rudé

punctatis, clypeo in medio dentibus duobus conicis, lateribus

ante oculos valde angulatis, tibiis posticis ad apicem appen-

diculatis.

Long. corp. lin. 3.

Habitat in Nova Hollandia apud Swan River ?

In Mus. D. Hope.

This species is longer but not so broad as the typical species: it

is entirely of a dark castaneous colour ; the head with two conical

flat spines in the middle, on each side of which the margin is

rounded for a short distance, it then runs nearly straight to a very

sharp angle in front of the eyes; the club of the antennz is pale

fulvous; the head and thorax are very strongly and irregularly

punctate, and the elytra are rather deeply striated in double rows,

with punctures on each side; the anterior tibiz are furnished with

a short spur dilated and truncated at the tip; the hind tibie are

appendiculated on the inside at the tip.

Sp. 3. Tessarodon piceus, Hope.

T. parvus, subovalis, castaneus; capite et prothorace rudé

punctatis, capitis angulis ante oculos rotundatis, tibiis posticis

simplicibus.

Long. corp. lin. 25.

Habitat Port Essington, New Holland.

In Mus. D. Hope.

Syn. Tessarodon piceum, Hope, MSS.

of some Coprophagous Lamellicorn Beetles. 117

This species is very closely allied to 7’. angulatus, with which it

agrees in general form, colour, and sculpture. It is, however, at

once distinguished by the rounded lateral angles of the head (in

front of the eyes), the simple hind tibiae, and its small size.

CEPHALODESMIUs, Westw.

Corpus oblongo-quadratum, postice rotundatum. Caput planum,

clypeo in medio 4-dentato, dentibus elevatis, intermediis

duobus valde elongatis divergentibus, apice obtusis ; externis

duobus minoribus conicis convergentibus acutis. MJentum

subquadratum, lateribus parum rotundatis, margine antico

subemarginato. Palpi labiales articulo 2do tumido ovato,

tertio minuto tenui-ovali. Prothorax magnus transversus,

valde convexus, lateribus in medio subparallelis, angulis

anticis et posticis obliqué truncatis, dorso valde convexo,

medio longitudinaliter subsulcato. lytra subcordata con-

vexa opaca, parum sulcata. Pedes longi graciles; tibie

anticze calcari acuto armatz ; tibie 4 postice recte graciles,

apice parum latiores, intermediz 2-, postice 1-calcaratee. Tarsi

simplices, antici minuti; wngues minuti, valde curvati.

This genus is at once distinguished by the peculiar form of the

prothorax, the very porrected horns of the front of the clypeus,

the elongated slender straight hind tibiz, and the form of the

labial palpi. I am only acquainted with a single species.

Cephalodesmius armiger, Westw. (PI. VIII. fig. 5.)

Totus niger, capite nitido punctato, pronoto subopaco, tenuissimé

punctato; elytris opacis subsulcatis, intra margines laterales

acute carinatis.

Long. corp. lin. 5 (cum corn. clyp.).

Habitat in Nova Hollandia.

In Mus. Brit.; Soc. Ent. London; Hope and Melly.

TEMNOPLECTRON, Westw.

Corpus breve, valde convexum, subrotundatum, nitidum. Caput

Jatum, clypeo antice in lobos duos minutos obtusos producto.

Mentum cordato-truncatum. Palpi labiales articulo 2do

obconico, 3tio preecedenti dimidio breviori tenui-ovali. Pro-

thorax lateribus rotundatis, et cum elytris subcontinuis, dorso

glabro, sed sub lente tenuissimé punctulato; elytris valde

118 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions, §c.

convexis ovatis, tenuissimé striatis. Pedes antici breves;

calcari parvo obliqué truncato. Tbe posticee subcurvatze

depressee. Tarsi breves, unguibus subtus denticulo in-

structis.

This genus is distinguished by the broad round outline of the

convex body, the truncation of the spur of the anterior tibize, the

armature of the ungues and the curved hind tibiz.

Temnoplectron rotundum. (Pl. VIII. fig. 1.)

T. nigrum, nitidum; tibiis anticis obtusé tridentatis, singulo

elytro striis 8 tenuissimis, strid suturali punctata.

Long. corp. lin. 5.

Habitat Melville Island.

In Mus. Dom. Hope.

Syn. Ateuchus rotundus, Hope, MSS.

The above, together with Copris 4-pustulatus and Ateuchus

bipustulatus of Fabricius, constitute the whole of the Australian

Scarabeide with elongated legs; and it is remarkable that all

these possess anterior tarsi, whereas in their immediate allies from

other parts of the globe the fore feet are destitute of tarsi.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE VIII.

Fig. 1. Temnoplectron rotundum ; 1a, front of head; 1, labial palpus ;

le, mentum, &c.; 1d, fore tibia and tarsus; 1 e, middle ditto.

Fig. 2. Tessarodon angulatus ; 2u, head; 26, mentum, &c.; 2c, labial

palpus ; 2d, striz of elytra ; 2e, fore tibia and tarsus ; 2 f, middle

ditto ; 2g, hind ditto.

Fig. 3. Coproecus hemisphericus ; 3a, hind foot.

Fig. 4. Aulacium carinatum ; 4a, maxilla; 46, mentum, &c.; 4°, strie of

elytra ; 4d, anterior foot.

Fig. 5. Cephalodesmius armiger ; 5a, labrum highly magnified ; 56, man-

dible; 5c, maxilla; 5d, mentum, &c.; 5e, labial palpus; 5/f,

anterior foot.

Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions, &c. 119

XXIII. Descriptions of some Species of exotic Heteropterous

Hemiptera. By J.O. Westwoop, F.LS.

[Read 1 August, 1842.]

I sec leave to submit to the notice of the members of the Ento-

mological Society figures and descriptions of several Heteropterous

insects, belonging to the family Reduvide. Two of these belong

to well known groups, and as such I should have hesitated in

drawing up their isolated descriptions, did not their large size and

fine colours render them especially worthy of attention. They

are, in fact, considerably larger than any species of the family yet

described. The third species differs in its structural characters so

materially from the other groups in the family, that I have not

hesitated in adding another to the already numerous genera of

Reduvude.

Sp. 1. Ectrichodia imperialis, Westw. (PI. VII. fig. 2.)

Purpurea; antennis et hemelytris nigris, abdominis lateribus

fulvo-fasciatis. (Fig. 2a, lateral view of the head.)

Long. corp. unc. 13.

Inhabits Cape Palmas on the west coast of tropical Africa.

Collected by the Rev. Mr. Savage, and sent to the Rev. F. W.

Hope: also in the British Museum from Sierra Leone.

Purpurea vel purpureo-nigra, parte postica pronoti aneo-tincta ;

capite parvo, inter oculos impressionibus duabus longitudi-

nalibus; antennis nigris 6-articulatis (radicula basali haud

inclusa), articulo 2ndo 1mo duplo longiori setoso, 3tio 1mo

parum longiori, tribus ultimis gracillimis et sensim longitu-

dine decrescentibus. Pronotum transversé et longitudinaliter

impressum. Scutellum tuberculis duobus apicalibus, discoque

impresso. Hemelytra nigra, cyaneo parum tincta. Pedes

concolores, tibiis ad apicem spongiola fulva instructis. Ab-

domen subtus purpureum, maculis lateralibus conoideis fulvis.

I have applied the name of imperialis to this species, not only

on account of its large size, but from its rich purple colour, varied

at the sides of the abdomen with golden yellow.

120 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions

Sp. 2. Platymeris ducalis, Westw. (PI. VII. fig. 3.)

Nigra, nitida, spinosa; hemelytris fascia lata rufa abbreviata

ante medium; abdominis segmentis femoribusque late rufo-

fasciatis. (Fig. 3a, lateral view of the head.)

Long. corp. unc. 12.

Inhabits Cape Palmas, tropical Western Africa. Rev. J. Savage.

In the collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope; also in the British

Museum, from Sierra Leone.

Caput parvum, nigrum, inerme. Antenne gracillime, articulis 4;

articulationibus intermediis haud computatis. Prothorax

bipartitus, parte antica 12-spinosa, spinis 4 dorsalibus majori-

bus; parte postica etiam spinis 4 acutis. Scutellum spinis

tribus magnis, acutis et erectis. Hemelytra nigra, fascia lata

rufa (in medio interrupta) ad apicem partis coriacei, hac

etiam spinulis numerosis armatis. Abdomen segmentis basi

late rufo-fasciatis, apicibus segmentorum spinulis instructis.

Femora incrassata, fascia lata rufa ante apicem.

EcrinopErvs, Westw. (Proceed. Ent. Soc. p. 74.)

Caput parvum, rotundatum, naso conico inter antennas haud in-

structum, colloelongato. Antenne 4-articulate, articulationi-

bus inter articulos haud computatis ; articulo 1mo longo, haud

apicem versus incrassato, tribus ultimis sensim brevioribus et

tenuioribus (inter articulos | et 2 et 2 et 3 articuli rudimentales

adsunt). Prothorax maximus, antice supra basin pedum

anticorum dilatatum; in medio transversé impressum pos-

ticéque in lobos duos supra basin hemelytrorum (apice scutelli

tantum detecta) protensum, Abdomen subrotundatum de-

pressum, lateribus hemelytris haud obtectis. Hemelytra

areolis tribus discoidalibus, intermedia majori. Pedes (pree-

sertim antici) valde elongati. Jvbice anticze setosze.

Syn. Pristhevarma, Serv. and Am. Hist. Nat. Hem, p. 355.

A few species of Reduviide have already been described, in

which the pronotum is dilated and extended backwards over the

scutellum. Such is the case in the genus Arilus (Reduvius

serratus, &c.), also in the Reduvius tuberculatus of the animal

kingdom, arranged by Burmeister in the same genus. The genera

Notocyrtus, Hofifmans. (Saccoderes, Spinola), including the Reduvius

dorsalis, Gray, and the African genus which I have named Dias-

of some Species of exotic Heteropterous Hemiptera. 121

pidius, in the new edition of Drury’s ‘ Illustrations of Exotic

Entomology,” likewise exhibit this peculiarity, but the insect

before us exhibits the same character in a curious degree of de-

velopment, its sides behind being dilated into two thin plates

extending over the base of the hemelytra, whilst there is a slight

excision in the centre exposing the tip of the scutellum; the front

of the prothorax is also curiously dilated into a pair of arched

lobes over the base of the fore legs, which are singularly elon-

gated. It is true that in many Reduvii the fore femora are greatly

dilated, but here it is by an extension of the limb that the extra

development is attained. From Diaspidius the present genus

differs in its broad form, the different proportions of the joints of

the antenne, and the straight tibiz. I regret that I am unac-

quainted with the locality of this curious insect, which is however,

I believe, Singapore. ‘The Reduvius coccineus of Perty seems, in

some respects, to be allied to the present group.

Sp. 3. Ectinoderus longimanus, Westw. (PI. VII. fig. 4.)

Obscuré luteus; capite, antennis et hemelytrorum membrana

nigris ; femoribus fascia media apiceque tibiisque anticis (nisi

ad basin) nigricantibus, hemelytrorum corio et abdominis

lateribus luteo nigroque variis.

Long. corp. unc. 14.

Habitat Singapore ?

In Mus. Westwood.

Sp. 4. Ectinoderus Philippinensis, Westw.

Nigricans; corpore subtus, basi pedum, et maculis duabus

hemelytrorum luteis; pronoto posticé integro (haud in medio

emarginato ut in precedente).

Long. corp. unc. 154.

Habitat ad insulas Philippinenses, D. Cuming.

In Mus. Westwood.

Sp. 5. Eetinoderus bipunctatus.

Syn. Pristhevarma bipunctata, Serv. and Am. Hist. Nat. Hemipt.

p- 355.

Horortitus, Serv. and St. Farg.

(Vide Trans. Ent. Soc. vol. ii. p. 248, Pl. XXII.)

Subgenus novum, OrtTHocnemis, Westw.

Antenne ut videntur 3-articulate, articulo 2do elongato curvato

(breviori quam in H. uso), longissimé setoso, setis triplici

122 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions, &c.

serie ordinatis; articulo 3tio minuto ovali, in apicem prece-

dentis subobliqué inserto. Caput supra posticé densé lanatum.

Hemelytrorum membrana distincté venosa, basi densé Janata.

Pedes breviores quam in reliquis hujus generis; tibiis rectis,

gracilibus, setosis. Ale posticze tenuissimae, dimidio ab-

dominis longitudine paullo superantes. Abdomen lateribus

longé setosis.

Sp. 6. Holoptilus (Orth.) basalis, Westw. (PI. VII. fig. 5.)

Obscuré rufescens ; capite, antennis, pedibusque magis fulves-

centibus ; capite posticé et hemelytris ad basin densé et longeé

griseo-lanatis ; his ad basin albis, plagd maxima media nigra,

apicibusque griseis, punctum nigrum includentibus,

Long. corp. lin. 23.

Habitat in Nova Hollandia, Adelaide. D. Fortnum.

In Mus. D. Hope.

This interesting insect seems to connect the two subgenera in

this genus, described in my monograph upon the group in the

second volume of the “ Transactions of the Entomological Society

of London,” possessing the apparently 3-articulate antennee and

simply setose tibize of Holoptilus, and the maculated and venose

hemelytra of Ptilocnemis. The hind feet are much shorter and

less densely setose even than in H, ursus, but the crown of the

head and the base of the hemelytra are very thickly lanose or

setose.

. pikitae ; Aire * ane |

Ee et

Pane taeda eet i Ferplnce leat rt

r i ft

ine

Trans. Ent: Soc. Vol. VLLX.

Day kiaghe, atv. to theQuecn,

Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Memoirs, &c. 123

XXIV. Memoirs on various Species of Hymenopterous

Insects. By J. O. Westwoop, F.L.S., &c.

{Read 4th February and 3rd June, 1839.]

I. On the Economy and Relations of the Genus Xiphydria.

[Tue various situations in which the genus Xzphydria was arranged

in the classifications of Latreille, Jurine and Leach, together with

its intimate relation with the genus Szrex, Linn., and consequent

importance in the distribution of the Hymenoptera given by Mr.

MacLeay in the “ Horz Entomologicz,” (in which the Tenthredi-

nide are removed from the rest and united with the T'’richoptera,

and Svrex is made an osculant suborder under the name of Bom-

boptera,) induced me, about twenty years ago, minutely to examine

the structure of the ovipositor and sting of the chief groups of the

Linnean Hymenoptera, as well as the preparatory stages of such

species as presented themselves. And although the general results

of these inquiries have been given to the Entomologist in my “ In-

troduction to the Modern Classification of Insects,” a considerable

number of details and sketches still remain unpublished. The

discovery by Mr. Cooper of the preparatory stages of the genus

Xiphydria afforded a very important clue to the solution of the

question of the relations of that genus, and I accordingly drew up

an extended memoir, (noticed in the Zoological Journal for 1827,)

in which the entire structure of the genus, in its perfect and prepa-

ratory states, was reviewed with reference to that of the adjacent

groups, and in which the position of the genus was traced, through

the writings of preceding authors, and the formation of the ovi-

positor throughout the Hymenoptera especially examined; the

propriety of the general arrangements of the order investi-

gated; the situation of the present genus therein discussed, and a

plan of distribution of the order proposed. During the last

eighteen years, however, the philosophical investigation of the

order has made such rapid strides that much of what I had written

is now rendered useless; I have therefore struck it out of my

memoir, which is here confined to the details of the structure of

the insect in its different states, and a comparison thereof with the

allied genera.—J. O. W. 1845. ]

By the kindness of my friend, Abraham Cooper, Esq., R.A.,

I am enabled to present my readers with a description of the larva

of a species of the Hymenopterous genus Xiphydria, which will,

124 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Memoirs

1 think, enable us satisfactorily to determine the family to which

the perfect insect is referable.

In the month of November, 1826, this gentleman discovered

near Hornsey, Middlesex, several of. these larvee alive and buried

in the solid part of a branch of willow, which was perforated and

devoured in different directions in a manner similar to the opera-

tions of the goat moth (Cossus ligniperda). Pl. X. fig. 1, repre-

sents the larva in one of the burrows. It would appear that

Linnzus was aware that the larvee of his Strex Camelus (which is

also a species of the genus Xiphydria) feed upon wood ;* although

De Geer, (Hist. d, Ins. vol. i. p. 567,) being ignorant of the

economy of Urocervs gigas, placed that insect, together with

U. juvencus and spectrum, with the [chneumonide, and supposed

its larvee had similar habits to those of that family ;+ as did also

Geoffroy, who established the genus Urocerus several years before

Linnzeus published the twelfth edition of the ‘“* Systema Nature,”

wherein he called the same insects by the generic name of S?rex,

which Jatter name must consequently be rejected.

Modern Entomologists however do not appear to be acquainted

with the economy of the insect under description, for M. Le

Pelletier de Saint Fargeau, in his Monograph on the Tenthre-

dinide, tells us (Preface, p. 13) that he is neither acquainted

himself with the larve of this genus nor of Xyela of Dalman, nor

does he believe that they were at all known. Dr. Leach formed

this genus and Cephus into his family Xiphydriade, and amongst

its characters we find the following: ‘“ Larvee with scaly feet, or

at least not membranaceous.”{ This description I shall however

prove will not at all apply to the larva of Xiphydria. Latreille,

in his * Genera Crustaceorum, &c.,” makes no mention of the

larvee of these two genera; but in the ‘‘ Régne Animal”§ he

forms of them a primary division of the Tenthredinide, and says,

“ Les larves vivent probablement dans J’intérieur des vegetaux

ou dans les vieux bois ;” and in a late work he observes, without

any expression of doubt, “ Larves sans pattes membraneuses vivent

dans l’intérieur des vegetaux.” || Dr. Klug, in his Monograph

on the German Siricide, in which the present group is included

* « Habitat in ligno antiquo corrupto.”—Faun. Suec. No. 1576.

+ ‘ Jene connois point leurs vers, ni le lieu ou ils vivent, mais la longue tarriére

de la femelle fait assez connoitre qu’ils doivent €tre obligés de pondre leurs ceufs

dans d’autres corps, a la maniére des Ichneumons.”

¢ Samouelle’s Compend. p. 267.

§ Reégne Animal, vol. iii. p. 459.

|| Familles Naturelles, p. 442.

on various Species of Hymenopterous Insects. 125

under the generic name of Hybonotus, merely observes—‘ Meta-

morphosis ex parte nota; constat nempe larvam Siricum morem

observare et Xylophagam esse—Noxa certe nulla, przesertim cum

in arboribus, nonnisi putredine jam corruptis larvee inhabitent ’-—

without adding any description of the larva itself. *

The larva is a soft, cylindrical, white and fleshy grub, with a

small head and twelve segments to the body. When at rest the

head of the insect is nearly obscured by the first three segments

of the body, which are larger than the others. (Pl. X. fig. 2,

represents the larva at rest.) The head is placed much lower than

usual, (thus resembling, as Mr. Cooper remarked, the position of

the head of the perfect insect,) and is of a harder substance than

the remainder of the body, and is furnished with a small upper lip

rounded in front (labrum, Pl. X. fig. 9b); a pair of strong short

upper jaws or mandibles, (fig. 9cc, and fig. 11,) each having

three or four teeth; a pair of under jaws or maxille, which offer

a rather remarkable peculiarity of structure, being composed of

two parts, the inner (fig. 12 and 1300) fleshy and rather hairy at

the interior margin, and the outer portion (fig. 12, 13aa) not

longer than the inner, but having the rudiments of several joints ;

there is also a large fleshy under lip (labium, fig. 9 and 12e),

which does not appear to possess any appendage: the under jaws

and the under lip are united at their base, and have one common

motion. The rudiments of the antennz (fig. 9a, and fig. 10) are

placed a little above the base of the mandibles and are very short,

and formed of several small rings gradually lessening in size to

the tip. I have not been able to discover any vestige of the eyes

of the perfect insect.

The first three joints of the body are, as I have before said,

much larger and broader than the head or any other of the joints

(except the last), ‘They appear very much wrinkled on their

upper side when the insect is at rest (see fig. 2), but when in

motion these wrinkles become inflated and form a smooth surface

(see fig. 3). The under side of each of these three joints is

furnished with a pair of very minute fleshy legs (fig. 4 and 5), of

which, when in motion, the insect makes but little use, generally

laying upon its side bent, as at fig. 2. Its motion is performed by

stretching out the first three joints and then drawing the remainder

of the body after them, similar to the motion of a worm. The

next eight segments of the body are very nearly equal in size, and

are without any vestige of feet, each being furnished with a pair

* Monogr. Siric. Germ. p. 14.

126 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Memoirs

of lateral raised fleshy tubercles of the same length as the joint

itself, which have somewhat the appearance of a row of white

coral beads in miniature along each side of the body of the insect

(see fig. 2 and 3). The last joint is larger than any of the eight

preceding and is singularly formed, being flattened above with

several impressed lines upon its surface and rounded underneath.

It is also furnished at the apex with a short spine, composed of

several pieces of various lengths soldered together (fig. 8 bbb)

and arising from the centre of a coronet of very minute spines

(fig. Saa). Of the duration of the insect in the larva state I

can give no account.

The economy therefore of this insect is not very dissimilar to

that of Urocerus, the larvee of which resides in burrows in the

solid wood of the fir; Mr. Marsham, in the tenth volume of the

‘“‘ Linnean Transactions,” relating a lively anecdote of the alarm

of a nurse and some children at the appearance of several speci-

mens of Urocerus gigas, which came out of the deal floor of a

newly boarded room.

But it is not in economy alone that this similarity is perceivable,

for if we examine the figure of the larva of Urocerus, given in

the eighteenth plate of the “ Introduction to Entomology,” or its

description as given by Klug in his admirable Monograph on

the genus Urocerus, we shall not be able to find any material

difference. He describes it as being ‘ Mollis, cylindrica; seg-

mentis tredecim equalibus, ultimo excepto majori rotundato,

pluries plicato spina parva terminali parva instructa; capite sub-

globoso, parvo, mandibulis exigius armato; pedibus sex segmentis

tribus prioribus infixis. Pupa folliculata, quiescens, imagini

simillima alarum tantum rudimentis. Victus larve ex arborum

ligno.”’*

With regard to the larvee of other Hymenoptera the nearest

approach to that of Xiphydria is made by the Tenthredinideous

genus Lyda, the larva of which entirely loses the prolegs (although

so peculiar a character of that family, but which nevertheless vary

in number in the different genera). ‘There is also another character

which the larva of the Uroceride possess in common with those of

the Tenthredinide, namely, that of having the rudiments of all the

parts of the mouth of a mandibulated insect perfectly distinct, a

character which no other Hymenopterous larve possess in so great

a state of development. Nevertheless, as I have above stated, in

the motion of the larvae of Xiphydria, a considerable agreement is

* Monogr, Siric. German, p. 25.

on various Species of Hymenopterous Insects. 127

perceived with the motions of the true Hymenopterous larve,

which are more properly called vermiform. Looking, therefore,

at the Hymenoptera, with reference only to the larvee, we should

say that they are primarily divisible into two great groups; the

first comprising the Tenthredinide and Uroceride, and the second

all the other Hymenoptera, the passage being formed by the

Uroceride. But let us not forget that the state of the larva is

only preparatory to that future state of which Mr. MacLeay has

himself remarked, that ‘ the true criterion of animal, as well as

vegetable perfection, is the ability to continue the species ;”* and

Messrs. Kirby and Spence give it as their opinion, that a striking

agreement in the perfect state, which is the acme of their nature,

affords a much more satisfactory reason for keeping two tribes

together, than any difference observable in their larve or meta-

morphosis for separating them.{

The pupa of this interesting insect decidedly belongs to the com-

plete class of Metamorphosis in which the pupa is incomplete, being

covered with a thin membraneous skin inclosing in separate and

distinct sheaths the different organs of motion. Mr. Cooper found,

on splitting a piece of the branch, several specimens in different

stages of their pupa state (all, however, were dead) : some being

of a light brown colour and shrivelled up as though they had died

immediately on assuming this state, (Pl. X. fig. 15,) and without

having their future parts so distinctly perceivable; others in an

intermediate state; and some nearly ready to assume their last

state, and in which all the parts of the future insect had acquired

their natural colour and consistency, being only covered with the

thin and now transparent skin of the pupa (P!. X. fig. 14). There

were also several which had even become perfect insects found in

the channels made by the larvae, but which were also dead. Iam

not at all able to account for this circumstance, the larve being at

the same time alive and healthy ; for we cannot suppose that nature

would thus suffer any of her creatures intentionally to perish with-

out having attained their perfect state, and performed the very

purposes of their existence. How long the pupa state continues I

know not, nor at what period of the year the perfect insect is

developed, although they have been taken in the month of June.

The pupa state is therefore exactly similar to that of all other

Hymenoptera, and furnishes another proof that these insects ought

not to be established into a distinct order as Mr. MacLeay pro-

poses in his “ Horz Entomologice.”

* Hore Entomologice, 446.

+ Introduction to Entomology, vol. iv. p. 374.

128 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Memoirs

The Tenthredinide, Ichneumonide, and also the genus Urocerus,

form cocoons in which to pass the pupa state; but Mr. Cooper

tells me he did not perceive any thing like a cocoon in which his

pupz had been inclosed.

In examining the structure of the perfect insect,* I shall not

enter into a detail of the structure of their trophi, (although those

of Xiphydria differ both from the Tenthredinide and Urocerus,})

as I consider that variations in the general external organization

of an insect (being clearly indicative of variations in its economy

and habits) are of greater consequence than variations in the

structure of its mouth, the latter being in my opinion entirely

dependent upon the former. Moreover, we know that not only

do the genera which Latreille has included in the Uroceride differ

very much in the formation of their trophi, (which that author has

proved to be of a very anomalous character,) but that there is

even very great difference in these organs in the species of

Urocerus themselves.

The antenne of the female of X. dromedarius have fifteen

simple joints,{ thus differing from the greater portion of the

Tenthredinide and agreeing with those of Urocerus, which vary in

number from thirteen to twenty-four,§ while Oryssus has only

eleven. They also agree with Urocerus in the formation of the

basal joints, and with Oryssus in having them much shorter than

in Urocerus. In Cephus and Lyda there are nearly thirty joints.||

In the shape and insertion of the head Xiphydria also agrees with

Urocerus; and if we examine the trunk or thorax of both genera

we shall find little (if any) difference, the extraordinary elongation

in Xiphydria of the manitrunk (which may here with propriety

be called the neck) only excepted: but even in Urocerus this part

is distinct (as in fact it is in all the Hymenoptera), and the fore

feet are always attached to it.4{] Jurine (who has confused the

* Mr. Curtis has entirely omitted this anomalous genus in his work on the

genera of British insects.

+ The trophi of this genus and of Xiphydria, however, agree in being much

shorter than in the Tenthredinide.

$ Mr. Kirby (Mon. Ap. Angl. vol. i. 219) says that this species has thirteen

joints in the antenne. Might not this description have been drawn from a male?

Jurine says the antennz of this genus have from fourteen to twenty joints.

§ Kirby, loc. cit. (Sirer). Jurine (p. 76) says from nineteen to twenty-seven

joints.

|| Jurine, pl. 7, fig. 1 and 3.

{ This (the manitrunk of Messrs, Kirby and Spence) is an extremely interest-

ing part of the insect, as it clearly shows the correctness of the ideas of those

authors in considering this part, which in the Hymenoptera and Diptera, and one

on various Species of Hymenopterous Insects. 129

subject a little by giving to Xiphydria the generic name of Urocerus,

while to the insects which are alone entitled to that name he has

given the synonymous name of Strea*) tells us that it is in con-

sequence of the motion of which this neck is susceptible that two

of the species have been named after the dromedary and camel.

The trunk (thorax) also of Xiphydria perfectly corresponds with

that of Urocerus, while the wings, not only of these two genera but

also of Zyda and Cephus, appear to be formed on the same plan,

clearly proving that although possessing characters sufficiently dif-

ferent to form two distinct families, the Tenthredinid@ and Uroceride

can never be forced into different orders. Again, in the form and

proportions of the legs there is a complete resemblance between

Xiphydria and Urocerus. 1 need only mention the shortness of

the intermediate tibize, the smallness of the fourth joint of the

tarsus, and more particularly the dilatation of the posterior tibia

both in the males of Xiphydria and Urocerus, while in the Ten-

thredinideous genus Creesus both sexes have the posterior legs

dilated.

Let us now turn our attention to the structure of the organs of

oviposition and the uses of the different parts. These organs

consist of a pair of outer valves or scabbards (valve) and the

ovipositor (terebra), which latter comprises the sheaths (vaginulz)

and the saws (terebella).t

tribe of the Newroptera, is the true analogue of the upper and under sides of the

(generally called) thorax of the beetles, as perfectly distinct from the collar in

these orders, which latter part appears however to be wanting in the beetles. The

under side of the manitrunk is called the antepectus by Mr. Kirby, (Kirby and

Spence, vol. iii. p.551,—prosternum Aud.,) and its sides turn upwards and nearly

form a horny covering. Its upper side is formed of a ligamentous mem-

brane, properly representing the pronotum of the beetles. Latreille (Hist. Nat.

vol. xili. p. 138) says, that this neck is formed by an elongation of the thighs

(hanches) of the fore legs of Xiphydria. This is, however, quite erroneous, as

on separating it from the trunk (which is very easily done) the fore legs are found

attached to it; and on the under side, at its base, there are a pair of circular aper-

tures forming sockets, in which the globose basal joint (coxa) of the fore legs may

work backwards and forwards.

* Half the confusion in generic nomenclature has arisen from authors em-

ploying for new genera synonymous names of the genera from which their new

groups have been dismembered. Surely when an Entomologist thinks it necessary

to form a new genus he might give himself the additional trouble of finding a new

name for it, retaining always the old generic name for the typical species of the

old genus.

+ There is also another character clearly proving that all these insects are

formed upon a similar plan, namely, the existence of a pair of minute styliform

VOL, IV. K

130 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Memoirs

In all the insects of these families which I have examined there

is a pair of outer crustaceous plates (scabbards or valves) differing

in size in different genera, all formed alike and arising very near

to the insertion of the true ovipositor, each valve being composed

of two joints ;* the first extending from the base to where the

valve emerges from the abdomen and where the other joint (vary-

ing very much in length) is united to it by a membrane. These

plates, which are of equal size, are concave in the inside for the

reception of the ovipositor. In the Tenthredinide they are smooth

and rather hairy at the apex, but in Urocerus they are scabrose.

With regard to the use of these valves, Mr. Marsham, in the volume

of the * Linnzan Transactions,” has clearly proved that in Jchneu-

mon manifestator they are only to be considered as the protectors

of the ovipositor when at rest, and that they are not used in the

great act of oviposition, but are thrown over the back and unem-

ployed.

With regard to the ovipositor itself of the saw-flies ( T’enthre-

dinide), I cannot do better than give the following interesting

extract from ‘“ Peck’s Natural History of the Slug Worm,” quoted

by Kirby and Spence, (vol. iv. p. 154). He compares one of the

saws and its sheath ‘ with the tenon-saw used by cabinet-makers,

which, being made of a very thin plate of steel, is fitted with a

back to prevent its bending. This back is a piece of iron, in which

a narrow and deep groove is cut to receive the plate, which is fixed;

the saw of the Zenthredo is also furnished with a back, but the

groove is in the plate and receives a prominent ridge of the back,

which is not fixed, but permits the saw to slide forward and back-

ward as it is thrown out or retracted. The saw of artificers,” he

adds, ‘‘ is single, but that of the Tenthredo is double, and consists

of two distinct saws with their backs. The insect in using them

first throws out one, and, while it is returning, pushes forward the

other, and this alternate motion is continued till the incision is

effected, when the two saws, receding from each other, conduct the

egg between them into its place. In the artificial saw the teeth

are alternately bent towards the sides or out of the right line, in

order that the fissure or kerf may be made sufficiently wide for

the blade to move easily. To answer this purpose in some

measure in that of the Z'enthredo, the teeth are little twisted, so as

processes rising from each side of the last segment of the abdomen. They are to

be seen in the Tenthredinid@ and Ichneumonide, and also in Xiphydria and

Urocerus, although much more minute in these two genera.

* In Oryssus each is formed of three joints. (Latr. Gen. Crust. &c., vol. iii.

p. 247.)

on various Species of Hymenopterous Insects. 131

to stand obliquely with respect to the right line, and their point of

course projects a little beyond the plane of the blade, without

being laterally bent. And all those in each blade thus project a

little outwards, but the kerf is more effectually made, and a free

range procured for the saws by small teeth, placed on the outer

side of each; so that, while their vertical effect is that of a saw,

their lateral effect is that of a rasp. In the artificial saw the teeth

all point outward (towards the end) and are simple; but in the

saw of the Tenthredo they point inward or toward the handle, and

their outer edge is beset with smaller teeth, which point outwards

(towards the end).” Valisnieri, Reaumur, and De Geer describe

the groove as being in the back; but in Mr, Peck’s insect, if there

is no error in his account, it is, as in the Cicada, in the saw itself.

In the genus Cimbex, belonging to the same tribe, the saw differs

in shape, being somewhat sigmoidal, or resembling the letter S,

while in that of other saw-flies it is cultriform, with a concave edge :

other minor differences distinguish them, which need not be par-

ticularized.

In Cephus the valves and the ovipositor itself are formed as in

the Tenthredinide, except that the sheaths and the saws are not

transversely striated ; the connexion between each sheath and saw

having the appearance of a longitudinal stria, and, in fact, begin-

ning to assume somewhat of the horny appearance of the ovipositor

of Urocerus, between which and the ovipositor of Xiphydria I

cannot perceive the slightest difference of structure.

The last segment of the abdomen of the female of Urocerus

juvencus appears, when viewed on the under side, as though

divided into two segments, the apical part having at its base an

excavated spot, which Latreille* regards as the anus.

Notwithstanding, however, the differences which certainly exist

in the formation of the organs inclosed in the bipartite scabbard

and valves in the different families above referred to, I think, from

the circumstance of the minute styliform processes and the two

external valves being similarly constructed in all these groups, we

may without much difficulty trace the analogies of the other parts,

(as has been attempted in detail in the 2d volume of my “ Intro-

duction to the Modern Classification of Insects.’’)

The manner in which the eggs are deposited by the ovipositor of

the Uroceride and Ichneumonide does not appear to be ascertained,

or whether the horny sides of the terebra are capable of extension

on their under side. Messrs. Kirby and Spence observe upon the

* Genera Crust. vol. iii. p. 238.

K 2

132 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Memoirs

ovipositor of Pimpla, (a genus of Ichneumonide, in which it is very

long, exserted, and slender,) ‘‘ How the egg is propelled, so as to

pass in safety from the oviduct a/ong this extended and very slen-

der instrument to the grub for which it is destined, has not been

certainly ascertained ; but from an observation of Reaumur’s, it

should seem that it is aided in its passage by some fluid ejected at

the same time with it, or is so lubricated as to slide easily with-

out being displaced.” * From these remarks, however, we might

almost infer that it was supposed that the egg passed along the

exterior surface of the terebra, but since in the Tenthredinide the

eggs are conducted between the saws, I think there can be no doubt

but that they are placed in such a similar situation in the abdomen

of the female Ichneumons, &c. that they must pass within and be-

tween those organs which are analogous to the sheaths and saws

of the Tenthredinide, and which have here become tubiform, and

which, there is little doubt, have also the power of being opened

and expanded on the under surface.

I do not intend to enter into a detail of the structure of the sting

and ovipositor of the aculeate tribes, but shall only observe, that

Latreille expressly says that the eggs do not pass through the

former ;} and that Messrs. Kirby and Spence describe the ovipo-

sitor as ‘‘ the instrument of oviposition, being in some genera used

as a weapon of defence, when it is called the aculeus ;” { and also

they remark, that the stings of some Hymenoptera are analogous

to the ovipositors of the majority of that order.§ The manner in

which the aculeate tribes deposit their eggs is, I believe, as yet,

also unrecorded. || The plates, however, of Swammerdam may be

consulted upon this subject by the student with great advantage,

although this author was under the necessity of leaving the manner

in which the eggs are excluded in doubt. (See his p. 205.)

I consider it therefore sufficiently proved that X:phydria belongs

* Introd. vol.iv. p. 211. ‘ Le tube ovipare de cette espéce ( Pimpla atrata, F.,

the largest Ichn., six inches long), est envelloppé d’une gaine élastique, dont les

parois cédent lorsque l’animal veut atteindre la chrysalide enfoncée dans quelque

fente ou ouverture d’un arbre.” Bull. Sc. Nat. Jan. 1828, p. 163, (Notes sur les

Ichneumons en général, by Dalman, from the Swedish Trans. for 1825.)

+ Gen. Crust. vol. iv. p. 51.

¢ Introd. vol. iii. p. 390.

§ Ibid. vol. iii. p. 717.

|| It may be worth noticing, that in a female of some Bombus which I took in

copula, the sting was entirely protruded out of the abdomen.

g As however the structure of the sting is perfectly similar to that of the ovi-

positor of the Ichnewmons, and as the egg in the latter passes down the ovipositor

(see Lewis’s papers in Mag. Nat. Hist,), it is agreeable to analogy that the eggs

of the Aculeata pass down the sling.

on varius Species of Hymenopterous Insects. 133

to the family Uroceride ; and if we recollect that Latreille admits

into the family, without any expression of doubt, the genus Orys-

sus, which certainly differs from Urocerus in a much greater degree

than Xiphydria, (although between the males of the latter genus

and of Oryssus there is a very considerable resemblance, ) I think

there will remain little in favour of Xiphydria being placed at a

distance from Urocerus, and as constituting a part of the family of

the saw-flies, or as forming of itself the type of a separate family.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES.

Note.—The figures are more or less magnified, except where stated to the contrary.

Plate X. fig. 1. The larva making its way through the branch of willow, of the

natural size.

2. The larva in the position in which it is generally at rest, and

laying upon its side.

3. The larva stretched out, seen as when in motion.

4. The underside of the anterior segments of the larva, showing

the position of the six feet.

5. One of the fleshy feet magnified.

6. The last segment of the body of the larva, upper side.

7. Do. under side.

8. Do. seen laterally ; aa, the coronet of minute spines ; bbb, the

parts of which the apical spine is composed ; ccc, portion

of the segment.

9. The head of the larva seen from the front; aa, the rudiments

of the antennae; b, the upper lip; cc, the upper jaws; dd,

the lower jaws ; e, the lower lip.

10. The rudimental antenna, much magnified.

11. The upper jaw, do.

12. The lower jaws and lower lip of the larva; aa, the outer jointed

part ; 6b, the ciliated interior part; e, the lip.

13. The lower jaw, more highly magnified.

14. A female pupa nearly ready to assume the perfect state.

15. A male pupa withered shortly after assuming that state.

P.S.—The parasitism of the genus Urocerus (Sirex), as suggested

by the Baron de Geer, alluded to above,* has received another

supposed confirmation in a memoir recently published by the

Marquis Spinola, entitled ‘“‘ Considerazioni sopra i costumi degl’

Imenotteri del G. Strex, Fab. e sopra il miglior posto dei Sire-

citi nel metodo rationale ;” + in which, after noticing the various

* The Count St. Fargeau (Encyc. Méth, t. x. p. 770, and Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym.

t. 1. p. 5, note 3,) has reaffirmed the parasitism of Urocerus,

+ Genova, 1843. 8vo.

134 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Memoirs

observations previously made on the economy of the genus, the

author states that ‘nell’ estate del 1841, mi fu donato dal Signor

Marchese Carlo Durazzo un insetto innominato col simplice

inscrizione ‘ Parasita in larva di Farfalle,’ con somma mia sor-

presa reconobbi in esso una femmina del Sirex gigas ;” and on

inquiring from Signor Franchi (from whom the insect had been

obtained), he was informed that “la larva che ha dato recetto

al parasita é quella del Muchaon. Pero quando si sviluppo lin-

setto, essa erasi da quindici giorni messi in crisalide ; si crede de

poter anche asserire di aver veduto un Sirex uscire dalla crisalide

del Podalirius.’” From these remarks, and the statements of St.

Fargeau, the Marquis arrives at the conclusion that “le larve dei

Sireci sono zoofaghe,” proposing a classification of the order requi-

site for its distribution, in accordance to the supposed Zoophagous

character of the Sirecide.

Having in the preceding pages endeavoured to prove the affinity

of Xiphydria and the Uroceri, as well as to establish the Xylopha-

gous character of the family formed of these two genera, I have

deemed it necessary to notice the remarks of the Marquis Spinola

cited above.

That the exuvize observed by the Count St. Fargeau lying at the

side of the pupa of the Urocerus were those of the larva of some

Longicorn beetle, upon which the Urocerus had parasitically sub-

sisted, as considered by the Count, admits in my opinion of much

doubt ; I consider in fact that they were the exuvie of the larva

of the Urocerus itself. The structure of the head and manducatory

organs of the latter in fact so closely resemble those of a Longicorn

larva, that it is not surprising that the Count St. Fargeau should

have mistaken them for the remains of the larva of a beetle which

the Urocerus had devoured. It will of course follow that the finely

pulverised particles of wood found in the burrows of these insects

are the result of the boring of the Urocerus itself, and not of a

larva upon which it has subsisted.

Neither can I consider the statement of the Marquis Spinola as

more satisfactory in disproving the Xylophagous character of the

Uroceride. The unsatisfactory mode in which the statement is

made,—the very doubt of Signor Franchi, whether he had not ob-

tained Urocerus gigas not only from Papilio Machaon, but also from

Papilio Podalirius, (thus establishing a case of parasitism of one

species upon two distinct species of animals, a circumstance of

very unusual, if not of doubtful, occurrence,) — the well-known

habits of the Uroceri, and of the two species of Papilio in question,

on various Species of Hymenopterous Insects. 135

and the repeated opportunities offered by rearing the latter insects,

as is so commonly practised abroad, and which have never hitherto

afforded a case in support of such parasitism,—the totally different

localities of the insects in question, the Uroceride inhabiting fir

districts, and the Papiliones moist districts, where their favourite

food occurs,—the many instances on record of the Uroceride being

found in the larva state in the body of trees, where of course they

could not be parasitic upon the external feeding larvee of the two

species of Papilio in question,—the impossibility of these Jarvee

being at one time internally parasitic on the larvee of the Papi-

liones (as must have been the case with Signor Franchi’s specimen),

and externally parasitic on Xylophagous larve, feeding in the

interior of trees, (like that of Scolia, observed by M. Passerini,

which has also been assumed to be the case with the Urocerous

larva,)— and lastly, but by no means of least importance, the

structure of the mouth of the larve of the Uroceride, excellently

adapted, from the formation of the mandibles, for feeding upon

solid wood, but quite unlike those of any parasitic Hymenopterous

larva,—are all circumstances which seem sufficiently to disprove

the conclusion that ‘‘le larve dei Sireci sono zoofaghe.”

The genus Cephus, Latr. (T'rachelus, Jur.; Astatus, Klug,) in

various respects is one of great importance in regard to the rela-

tionships of the insects before us ; and since the preceding memoir

was written, several valuable observations have been made on its

preparatory states, which throw considerable light upon its affini-

ties, a circumstance of no little importance, when it is remembered

that it has been arranged by the three great Entomologists, Leach,

Klug, and Latreille, in as many different families, namely, the X7-

phydriade, Siricide, and Tenthredinide.

The larva of C. abdominalis was observed by the late M.

Audouin to be produced from eggs deposited in a spiral direction

round the young shoots of the pear, the larva feeding mithin the

slender shoots, and being fleshy, with six minute thoracic legs, but

destitute of prolegs, and with the terminal segment of the abdo-

men attenuated, and terminated by two very minute points ; there

is also a minute conical lobe, near the base, on each side of this

segment. This memoir has not yet been published.

A memoir on Cephus pygmeus was however published by MM.

Dugaigneau and De Tristan, in the Memoirs of the Société des

Sciences, &c. d’Orleans, vol. i., in which the injuries committed

by this insect upon the rye crops in France were detailed, and the

insect described ; and M. Dagonet, in a series of observations made

in 1839 and 1840, published at Chalons in 1840 and 1841, has also

136 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Memoirs

detailed the habits and structure of the same larva, (without being

aware of its being that of the genus Cephus); and still more re-

cently, an excellent memoir on the same insect has been published

by M. Guérin Meneville, with ample details of the larvee, which

agree with those of C. abdominalis described above. It is apodal,

or rather has the three thoracic segments furnished beneath with

** des espéces de mamelons destinés 4 remplacer les pattes.”* In

its larva state it lives within the stems of the rye. Unfortunately

M. Guérin Meneville had not discovered the pupa, but adds, “ elle

doit se métamorphoser dans la coque transparente que la larve se

construit, et que nous avons représentée a cété de la figure de cette

larve.” In the description of the plates, however, he incorrectly

describes the figure here referred to as the ‘‘ Nymphe du Cephus

pygmeus renfermée dans son tube,” which has doubtless led Mr.

Curtis, who has copied this figure, in his memoir recently pub-

lished in the Transactions of the Royal Agricultural Society, to re-

figure this cocoon, and describe it as the true pupa of the Cephus.

2. On the Proceedings of a Colony of Polistes gallica, introduced

mto my Garden at Hammersmith from the neighbourhood of

Paris.

On the 9th July, 1837, Messrs. Audouin, Brullé, and myself,

being engaged in an Entomological excursion in the woods round

Sévres, near Paris, discovered in the Parc de Belle Vue, upon a

wall with a southern aspect, many nests of Polistes gallica, of dif-

ferent sizes, and generally a foot or two from the ground. They

were attached to the wall by a small layer of the material of which

they were composed, and a footstalk about one-sixth or one-fourth

of an inch long, attached at the middle of the back of the layer of

cells, which of course had a horizontal position, The day was

rather overcast, and the wasps had not much activity. On one of

the largest of the nests were seated about half a dozen wasps, one

of which was a female, and the others workers. When approached

they did not fly off, but ran about the surface of the nest with

their heads up, in a menacing position, seeming to defend it, like

the great ants when their ant-bill is disturbed. On one nest, con-

taining seventeen cells (some only just commenced), was one female

and two workers, which we secured with our forceps. Another

larger nest I brought away, having removed its attendant wasps.

* Notice sur quelques Insectes nuisibles. Paris, 1843, p. 39.

on various Species of Hymenopterous Insects. 137

These I put into my box, and in a few days some more neuters

were produced. These I lapped up alive in paper with the nest,

and brought to Hammersmith. I now kept them some days ina

tumbler, giving them sugar and honey to eat, which they seemed

to relish, as well as the young grubs in some of the cells. I sub-

sequently took off the gauze covering of the tumbler, and placed

it in the open air, to see the proceedings of the insects. The day

was very hot, and for some time they were occupied in vibrating

their wings whilst standing on the top of the nest, and elevating

the head and front of their bodies ; at length they ventured to take

wing, and I was anxious to ascertain in what manner these insects

(now for the first time let loose) would proceed so as to obtain a

knowledge of the neighbourhood, and thereby be enabled to retrace

their steps. There were five wasps, and their proceedings were

alike. After quitting the glass they made a very small circuit

round it, then another rather larger, and so by degrees till the dia-

meter of the circle was not less than a yard. They then alighted

on the leaves of the adjoining trees, and seemed much delighted to

bask in the sun. They returned from time to time to the glass,

and in the afternoon four out of the five returned. I then brought

the glass into the house for the night, putting it out again the first

thing on the next morning, when the missing wasp immediately

made its appearance, hovering over the glass. I noticed at first

that they passed the night with their bodies entirely immersed in

the cells, but afterwards they congregated on the top of the gauze

covering. In a few days I put the glass out of doors, when the

wasps did not return to it regularly, but left it one by one. A

little rain got into the glass one evening (notwithstanding I[ had

put a cover over it), and melted the sugar, which attracted the ants

and earwigs, (the wasps being all absent,) which devoured not only

the sugar, but also the grubs. On Friday, 28th July, afternoon,

the nest was deserted. Saturday was a wet and boisterous day,

and the wasps did not return. Sunday, ditto. Monday was a fine

day, and three of the wasps returned early in the morning, but of

course found the nest without grubs. Some ants were in the glass,

and occasionally one found its way upon the nest, when they were

assaulted by the wasps. The mode of attack of the latter was

singular ; they appeared irritated, raised the front part of the body,

made a dash at the ant with the jaws, and instantaneously jirked

the intruder over their backs, without either stinging or killing it.

The spiracles of the larva, according to M. Audouin’s observations

and figures (MS. Obs. 1835, No. 23, inedit.), are placed only on

the meso- and meta- thorax and first abdominal segment, a pecu-

138 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Memoirs

liarity requisite from the dilated front of the body, which fills up

the cell, and prevents access of air to the hind part of the body.

The flight of these wasps is very peculiar, and quite unlike that

of the Odyneri or Vespe@. The long hind legs are extended back-

wards and downwards, reminding one of the flight of Faenus. There

is a species of Tenthredo very nearly allied to JT. scrophularia,

which I saw on the wing in September following, and which ex-

actly reminds one of the flight of the Polistes.

P.S.—The preceding details offer abundant suggestions in sup-

port of the opinion, that it is principally by means of sight that

insects, especially of the social species, are directed in their flights,

and thereby enabled to retrace their steps to the hive or other

dwelling place, and which has been maintained by Mr. Newport in

a preceding page of the present volume. The cautious proceed-

ings of my colony of wasps clearly indicated a gradual increase of

knowledge of immediately contiguous objects ; but can we suppose

it possible that the same kind of knowledge is obtained by the bee

in a direct flight of several miles from its hive, especially at a time

whilst all its attention and energies are devoted to the great busi-

ness of its life, that of hunting for and pillaging flowers ?

I shall here mention, in support of the power assumed to be

possessed by insects, of obtaining knowledge by means of sight, a

circumstance which I observed many years ago in Fleet Street, and

which, although it indicates an error of sense, seems more com-

pletely to establish the one in question than perhaps any previously

recorded fact. Ona bright sunny day I observed a white butter-

fly beating itself with violence against the outside of the panes of

glass in a window on the north side of the street, on which the sun

was shining with great force ; at first I could not comprehend what

could induce this action in the butterfly, but the mystery was solved

when, on looking into the window, I observed the many gaily co-

loured labels of a chemist’s jars and packets placed on the opposite

side of the glass. This had doubtless been mistaken by the butter-

fly for flowers, which it endeavoured to reach in order to rob them

of their sweets; of which of course the insect could have obtained

no intimation by its sense of smell. How is it possible, with such

facts as these before us, to adopt the conclusion of a work recently

published, that insects are destitute of the senses? How is it pos-

sible to arrive at so unphilosophical a conclusion, that the highly

organized eye of an insect does not possess the sense of sight ?

on various Species of Hymenopterous Insects. 139

3. Some account of the Habits of a new Species of fossorial Hyme-

nopterous Insect from South Australia. ByJ.O. Westwoop.

[Read 3d January, 1842.]

Tue various modes employed by the nidificating aculeated Hy-

menoptera, in the construction of their nests, and the adaptation of .

their structure to the purposes of their economy, in this respect

afford materials for observations of the most interesting as well as

instructive kind ; interesting, from the singularity of the manceu-

vres and assiduity of the insects; and instructive, from furnishing

us with complete details of the history of particular species, there-

by confirming, in the most satisfactory manner, their relations

with other species. The nest-making Aculeate may be divided

into several distinct groups, from the mode of construction of

their nests. Not to speak of the social kinds, which form beautiful

structures composed of series of hexagonal cells, or of the social

humble bees, we find the solitary nidificating species again divided

into such as merely content themselves with making a burrow

in rotten wood, or in a sand-bank, in which they bury a caterpillar,

or other insect or spider, and those which fetch the materials of

their nests from a distance, which they then either employ as a

lining to their burrows, or else form into an exposed nest, without

previously forming any burrow.

In our own country I believe no fossorial species exists which

forms exposed nests, all the species (except the parasitic ones)

possessing an economy, which is indicated by their name of Fos-

sores. Some of the species, indeed, as well as some of the wasps

and bees, fetch materials from a distance to line their celis, already

formed in burrows; a few of the bees however (such as Megachile

muraria) form naked nests on the surface of walls, &c. The exotic

genus Pelop@us is the only recorded instance of a fossorial insect

making an external nest.

The nests which, with their inhabitants, form the subject of the

present communication, were brought from Port Lincoln, South

Australia, but unaccompanied by any details. They are however

evidently nests formed externally, in the same manner as the nests

of the Megachile muraria. They came to me in several masses,

each consisting of two or three cells; each cell is about an inch

long, and half an inch in diameter ; they are smooth on the inner

surface, and the case is about the thickness of the shell of a hazel

nut, with the outer surface very rugose, as though formed of a suc-

cession of short transverse layers, which have dried into rounded

140 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Memoirs

or elongated nodules. The substance of which they are composed

is evidently earthy, as it will not burn, but retains its form when

thrown into the fire.

On opening these cells I found in each a delicate white slender

membraneous sac, affixed by its base to the bottom of each cell,

the upper end being free, and generally open, the insect having

made its escape ; on the outside of this membraneous bag I found

in several of the cells portions of the chelicerze of a large species

of spider, which had evidently been devoured by the inhabitant of

the cell whilst in the larva state, and previous to the formation of

the membraneous sac. Within one of these sacs I found a dead larva,

represented in PI. X. fig. 18, not differing in its structure from the

larva of other fossorial species ; whilst in each of two other of the

sacs I found the dead pupa of the insect, which I at first mistook

for an Ichneumon, from the great length of the antenne, and the

slenderness of the body. These pupz were almost arrived at the

perfect state, so that, with the exception of the wings, all the parts

could be distinctly traced, as well as the colours of the future

imago. The antenne are laid along the sides of the breast, and

are long and slender, extending rather beyond the posterior cox,

and consist of thirteen joints, thus indicating the specimens to be

males. The basal joint is robust, the second very short, and the

remainder slender, and rather elongated. The fore wing, when

moistened with water, and placed under the microscope, was seen

to have two deep folds on the costa, whereby its length was re-

duced nearly one-half. The most peculiar feature was the large

square prothorax, resembling that of the genus dporus, and of

various exotic Pompili ; it is, in fact, by the structure of this part

of the thorax, which is employed amongst the fossorial Hymenop-

tera as a primary distinctive character of the several families, that

we are enabled to determine the natural relations of this insect.

The entire body is black, and clothed with a very slight griseous

pubescence. The antenne are white, and the tibiz and tarsi

brownish white. ‘The abdomen is slender, and composed of seven

segments; at first the dorsal portion of the abdomen appeared to

have the segments posteriorly margined with grey bands, but I

found this to result entirely from the pellicle of the pupa having

been scaled off from the base of each segment.

The strength of the founder of these nests may be imagined from

the fact, that the single jaw of the spider found in one of the cells

was as large as the entire head and prothorax of the perfect insect.

The combat between the parent fossor and its prey must therefore

taal || ae : ;

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a

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on

athe

7

ie

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; A +e vf! mesak

s

Trans. Ent. Soc. Vol. FPv 1X.

on various Species of Hymenopterous Insects. 141

be an interesting scene. It is on this account that I apply to the

species the name of Pompilus ? audax.

P.? ater, pubescens, prothorace magno quadrato, antennis albis,

tiblis tarsisque fusco-albidis.

Long. corp. lin. 53.

Habitat in Australia meridionali, Port Lincoln.

Pl, X. fig. 16 & 17, cells; 18, larva; 19, pupa, dorsal surface ; 20, pupa,

ventral surface ; 21, unfolded wing; 22, chelicera of spider.

XXV. Descriptions of the Chrysomelide of Australia, allied

to the Genus Cryptocephalus. By W. W. Saunpers,

Esq., 1.1.S:,(é&e.

[Read 3rd January, 1842, &c.]

Tue large family Chrysomelide, the species of which are spread

over almost every part of the world, has been much neglected by

Entomologists, in comparison with other families of the order

Coleoptera ; and this is remarkable, as many of the individuals

comprising it are extremely beautiful in colour, and the whole

being phytophagous, or feeders on vegetable matter, it is important

that they be well understood, for the purpose of ascertaining the

habits and economy of those species, which, from their immense

numbers, occasionally do such serious injury to the agriculturist

both in this country and abroad. In the following papers it will

be my endeavour to fill up a portion of the information required ;

and seeing that scarcely any of the numerous species from Aus-

tralasia have been described, I purpose characterising such as are

allied to the well-known genus Cryptocephalus, so abundant in

species in the temperate parts of the old and new world. I say

allied, for although there are certain species from Australasia

closely approximating to Cryptocephalus, yet there are none that I

can discover strictly belonging to it. Most of the species depart

widely from the typical Cryptocephali, and are remarkable for the

way in which the scutellum is elevated posteriorly, rising at times

considerably beyond the plane of the elytra, and nearly at right

angles to it. Carefully reviewing the various forms which have

come under my observation from Australasia, I find they resolve

themselves into several sub-genera, the characters of which are

taken chiefly from the antenne, and general shape of the body.

The sub-genera form two sections: Ist. Those which have the

lateral margins of the prothorax smooth and entire; 2nd. Those

142 Mr. W. W. Saunders’s Descriptions

in which it is rough or dentate. The present paper will include

the species coming under the section with smooth and entire lateral

margins to the prothorax, and the subgenera to which they be-

long may be characterised as follows :—

6 terminal joints, forming a distinct clava.. Dicenopsis.

7 terminal joints, gradually increasing in size Idiocephala.

Antennae '< sensi fOrMm \eilels/e) nla e/ole, 4 lelelolsisiele alclolelelc « is\ele(e! siclelelelelele Aporocera.

ilifo 5th joint twice as long as the 4th ........ Mitocera.

worm «*) 5th joint about the same length as the 4th . Ochrosupus.

subclavate ;

Dicenopsis (duxcny-oyie).

Antenne inserted between and near the eyes, somewhat ap-

proximating, short, not half the length of the body, subclavate,

11-jointed : first joint pyriform, large ; second small, orbicular ;

third, fourth and fifth slender, long, nearly equal in length; the

remainder short, robust, of equal length, forming a kind of length-

ened club, the terminal joint with a small apical appendage. Head

vertical, immersed in the thorax up to the eyes. Eyes reniform.

Thorax rounded in front, very convex, posteriorly as broad as the

elytra. Scutellum subquadrate, elevated posteriorly. Body short,

robust, cylindric. Tarsi 4-jointed; third joint deeply bilobed,

and nearly concealing the fourth.

Dicenopsis hematodes. (Plate IX. fig. 1.)

Syn. Cryptocephalus hematodes. Boisduv. Voyage de l’Astrolobe.

Body shining, brownish red, with the eyes and clava of the an-

tenne black brown. The upper surface deeply and coarsely

punctured; the under surface punctured and pubescent. Legs

brownish red, with a line along the upper surface of the femora ;

apices of the tibia and tarsi black.

Length {5 inch.

In the Cabinets of the Rev. F. W. Hope and J. O. Westwood,

Esq.

Native of New Holland and Van Diemen’s Land.

This species nearly approaches to Cryptocephalus, but differs in

the short sub-clavate antennez.

Iptocepnata, Hope, MSS. (cétoe xepadn). Type A. Roe.

Head vertical, rotundate ; immersed in the thorax up to the

eyes. Eyes reniform. Antenne wide apart, situated close to the

eyes, subclavate, half as long as the body in the females, nearly

as long as the body in the males ; 11-jointed: first joint robust,

of the Chrysomelide. 143

pyriform ; second small, obconic; third, fourth and fifth longish,

nearly of equal length, slender ; the remainder sensibly larger, and

gradually decreasing in length in the females, nearly of the same

length in the males; the terminal joint with a small apical pro-

jection. Thorax transverse, as broad as the elytra, somewhat

gibbous, narrow and truncate in front, rounded on the sides.

Scutellum subtrigonate, much elevated at the apex. Body short,

ovate ; compressed in sect. 1; nearly cylindric in sect. 2. Legs

shortish. Tarsi 4-jointed : three first joints nearly of equal length;

third deeply bilobed; fourth slender, cylindric, reaching but little

beyond the third.

This subgenus is distinguished from Dicenopsis before described

by the antennz, but more especially by the general shape of the

species. Dicenopsis, however, approaches very closely to some of

the robust species of the present subgenus.

Section I,

(Body ovate, compressed.)

Sp. 1. Idiocephala Roei, Hope, MSS.

Head rufous brown, deeply punctured, with the vertex, eyes,

and antenne black. Thorax rufous, shining, with a well defined

black diamond-shaped patch on the centre of the disk, prolonged

posteriorly to the scutellum, widely punctured. Scutellum black.

Elytra rich shining green, deeply punctured, and wrinkled trans-

versely, with a narrow marginal band of ochraceous yellow, ter-

minating before the apex; under side of the body pale ochraceous

yellow, pubescent, with the metasternal region black, and densely

covered with silvery adpressed hairs. Legs black, with the bases

of the femora and tibiz rufous brown.

Length, female ,23,, male 31% inch.

From the Swan River.

In the Collections of the Rev. F. W. Hope and J. O. Westwood,

Esq. yg = bam ari

Var. Atripennis, W.W.S.; Anodonta atripennis, Hope, MSS.

Elytra black, with a purple iridescence ; third and fourth joint

of antenne brownish.

Collections of Rev. F. W. Hope and J. O. Westwood, Esq.

Sp. 2. Idiocephalus elegans, W. W.S. (Plate IX. fig. 2.)

Head yellow brown, shining, slightly punctured, with a narrow

black transverse band on the upper part, close to the margin of

144 Mr. W. W. Saunders’s Descriptions

the thorax. Antenne black, with the second, third and fourth

joints inclining to rufous brown. Eyes black. Thorax yellow

brown, smooth, shining, slightly stained with black on the centre

of the anterior margin, and with a well defined narrow longitudinal

diamond-shaped mark on the vertex. Scutellum yellow brown,

subquadrate. Elytra of a brilliant shining dark green, deeply

punctured, and waved transversely, with a band of straw colour

along the exterior margin, reaching from the base to very near the

apex, gradually diminishing in width as it approaches the latter

part. Under side of body yellow brown, slightly covered with

short adpressed silvery hairs ; the sides of the mesosternum dark

fuscous. Legs yellow brown, with the apices of the tibize and

tarsi black.

Length nearly 52°, inch.

Habitat Hunter’s River, New South Wales.

In my own Cabinet, and that of the Rev. J. W. Horsley.

This elegant species is nearly allied to Idiocephalus Roei before

described, but differs in the marking on the thorax, and in the

character of the marginal band of the elytra. It is a native of the

east coast of New Holland, where it was taken by Mr. J. Horsley,

a very observing Entomologist. Jdiocephalus Roei, its nearest ally,

is a native of the western coast and Van Diemen’s Land, where

it appears to be one of the commonest species ; so that the two,

although so nearly allied, are inhabitants of parts of New Holland

wide apart.

Sp. 3. Idiocephala pulchella, Hope, MSS.

Head rich rufous brown, with the vertex black, and longitudi-

nally striate. Eyes and antennz black, the latter with the third

and fourth joints dull brown. Thorax rich rufous brown, shining,

quite smooth. Scutellum of the same colour, very much elevated

posteriorly. Elytra rich shining green, with a broad rufous brown

lateral marginal band, produced inwards just below the shoulders.

Under side of body rufous brown, pubescent. Legs and tarsi

black.

Length 518. inch.

Native of New Holland.

In the Collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope.

Sp. 4. Idiocephala cyanipennis, Hope, MSS.

Head, eyes and antenne glossy black. Thorax rufous brown,

shining, smooth. Scutellum black. Elytra shining steel blue, with

of the Chrysomelide. 145

purplish iridescence closely and deeply punctured, the punctures

forming irregular strize near the apex, each stria of two rows of

punctures. Under side of body pale ochraceous yellow. Legs and

tarsi black.

Length of female 51,6, inch; do. of male °13 inch.

Native of New Holland.

In the Cabinets of the Rev. F. W. Hope and J. O. Westwood,

Esq.

Sp. 5. Idiocephala albilinea, Hope, MSS.

Head black, longitudinally striate, with a straw-coloured patch

on the sinus of each eye, and another just below the insertion of

the antenne. Eyes and antenne black. Thorax black, with the

lateral margins white, widely and somewhat obsoletely punctured.

Scutellum black, much elevated behind. Elytra bright yellowish

brown, with a quadrate black patch on the disk, a little below the

middle, which joins the scutellum by a sutural margin of the same

colour; deeply and coarsely punctured, the punctures arranging

themselves into regular strize near the apex. Under side of body,

legs and tarsi, shining black; the former minutely punctured,

and slightly pubescent.

Length 1,5 inch.

Native of Van Diemen’s Land.

In the Cabinets of J. O. Westwood, Esq. and the Rev. F, W.

Hope.

Sp. 6. Idiocephala marginicollis, W. W. S.

Head black, rugose, with the antenne of the same colour. Eyes

black, margined internally with corneous yellow. Thorax black,

glossy, sparingly punctured ; margined laterally with a very dis-

tinct narrow band of yellowish white. Scutellum quadrate, smooth,

shining black. Elytra deeply punctured, glossy black. Legs

and under side of body black ; the latter slightly punctured.

Length 513, inch.

Habitat New Holland.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

A very distinct species, and easily detected by its shining black

colour, with white margins to the thorax.

Sp. 7. Idiocephala atra, W. W.S.

Black ; face striate, with fine longitudinal lines. Thorax shining,

slightly punctured, the punctures widely spread. Scutellum smooth,

VOL. IV. L

146 Mr. W. W. Saunders’s Descriptions

shining. Elytra shining, irregularly striate and punctured, espe-

cially near the shoulders, which are slightly rugose. Abdomen

somewhat longer than the elytra; covered underneath with silvery

adpressed pubescence.

Length 518, inch.

Native of Van Diemen’s Land.

In the Collection of J. O. Westwood, Esq.

Section II.

(Body cylindrical.)

Sp. 8. Ldiocephala Bynoet, W. W.S.

Head punctured, rufous brown, with a band across the vertex,

near the margin of the thorax, and sinus of the eyes, black. Eyes

black. Antenne black. Thorax bright rufous brown, gibbous in

front, shining and deeply punctured. Scutellum black, shining,

rounded posteriorly. Elytra a little broader than the thorax,

deeply punctured, with slight irregular transverse waves; rufous

brown, with the base irregularly margined with black, the suture

narrowly margined with the same colour, and an irregular broad

transverse black band a little above the apex. Under side of body

rufous brown, the mesosternum black, covered with short adpressed

silvery pubescence. Legs rufous brown, with the apices of the

tibize and tarsi black.

Length =29, inch.

Collected in New Holland by Mr. Bynoe.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

This is a robust and well marked species. The description is

drawn apparently from a male insect.

Sp. 9. Idiocephala rugosa, Hope. Olivier ?

Head black, subrugose, and marked with faint longitudinal striz.

Eyes and antenne black. Thorax black, shining, very gibbous in

front, rugose and deeply punctured. Scutellum black, subtrigo-

nate, smooth, very elevated behind. Elytra black, shining, with

the apices rufous brown, rugose and deeply punctured, the part

adjoining the scutellum elevated. Under side of body black, with

the sides of the metasternal region densely covered with golden

pubescence ; also a small patch of the same coloured pubescence

on each side the thorax underneath, and lateral patches on each

segment of the abdomen, gradually decreasing in size with the

EEE

of the Chrysomelide. 147

segments. Legs black, shining, with purplish iridescence. Tarsi

black.

Length —18, inch.

Native of New Holland.

In the Cabinet of the Rev. F. W. Hope.

Sp. 10. Zdiocephala similis, W. W.S.

Entirely black. Head deeply and coarsely punctured. Thorax

shining, gibbous in front, deeply and rugosely punctured. Scu-

tellum much elevated behind, smooth. Elytra rugosely punctate,

the surface undulating, shining, somewhat fuscous, and very

rounded at the apex. Under side of body punctate, with the

sides of the mesosternal region covered with adpressed silvery

hairs, and also lateral patches of the same coloured pubescence on

each segment of the abdomen, gradually decreasing in size with

the segments. Legs with a purplish iridescence.

Male ?—Length +4, inch.

Habitat New Holland.

In the Cabinet of the Entomological Club.

Female.—Length -1$, inch.

Taken in the vicinity of Sidney, New South Wales, by Mr.

Darwin.

In the Cabinet of the Entomological Society.

This species is nearly allied to J. rugosa, but wants the rufous

apex to the elytra, and having silvery instead of golden pubescence

on the under side of the body. The specimen belonging to the

Entomological Club has lost its antenna, but I have reason to

suppose it is a male.

Sp. 11. Ldiocephala flaventris, Hope, MSS.

Head jet black, longitudinally striate on the vertex, with a

yellow heart-shaped patch on the face. Thorax rufous brown,

shining with a black line running along the anterior margin. Scu-

tellum subtrigonate, black, somewhat elevated at the apex. Ely-

tra shining black, deeply and coarsely punctured, regularly striate,

and marked a little above the middle with a V-shaped yellow

band, the angle pointing posteriorly, and the sides not reaching

the lateral margins. Under side of body pale yellow, shining.

Legs pale yellow, with the apices of the tibiae and tarsi black.

Length 5545 inch.

Native of New Holland.

In the Cabinet of the Rev. F, W. Hope.

L2

148 Mr. W. W. Saunders’s Descriptions

Sp. 12. Idiocephala tasmanica, mihi.

Head rufous brown, with three round yellow spots placed in a

triangle on the face. Eyes and parts of the mouth dark brown.

Antenne fuscous brown, gradually getting darker towards the

apex, with the basal joint dull yellow. ‘Thorax rich rufous brown,

with the lateral and anterior margins yellow, and a narrow yellow

longitudinal streak, half the length of the thorax, on each side of

the vertex, commencing on the posterior margin. Scutellum

yellow brown. Elytra rich rufous brown, with the apex, and a

narrow margin round the scutellum, yellow; each elytron with

four nearly equidistant longitudinal ridges, the two nearest the

suture well defined, the others sub-obsolete, deeply and minutely

punctured. Under side of body with the thoracic and metasternal

regions dusky brown (the latter deeply punctured), abdomen

yellow. Legs rufous brown, with the apices of the femora yellow ;

tarsi dusky.

Length 13, inch.

In the Collection of the Entomological Society.

Taken in Van Diemen’s Land by Mr. Darwin.

Sp. 13. Idiocephala sub-brunnea, mihi.

Head shining black, minutely punctured, with the face rufous

brown. Eyes black; mouth piceous. Antenne black, with the

first and second joints rufous brown. Thorax rufous brown,

shining, somewhat gibbous in front, obsoletely punctured. Scu-

tellum smooth, shining black. Elytra corneous brown, shining,

deeply punctured, the punctures forming regular striz laterally

near the apex, with a margin along the base, which extends round

the scutellum and half way along the suture, black, with a greenish

iridescence. Legs corneous brown, with the tarsi piceous. Under

side of body corneous brown, pubescent, with the mesosternal

region black.

Length +8, inch.

In the Cabinet of the Entomological Society.

Taken by Mr. Darwin in the vicinity of Sidney, New South

Wales.

Sp. 14. Ldiocephala Darninii, mihi.

Head black, with a large triangular patch just above the mouth

rufous brown; deeply punctured. Eyes black. Antenne dusky

brown, with the first, second and third joints underneath rusty

of the Chrysomelide. 149

brown. Thorax rufous brown, shining, punctured, somewhat

gibbous in front, with the anterior margin piceous. Scutellum

smooth, black, shining, with a violet coloured iridescence, but

little elevated at the apex. Elytra dark metallic green, with the

apex of a livid horn colour, deeply punctured; the punctures

forming regular strize laterally near the apex. Legs horn-coloured,

with the tarsi dusky. Under side of the body black, pubescent,

with the apex of the abdomen horn-coloured.

Length =, inch.

In the Cabinet of the Entomological Society.

Taken in the vicinity of Sidney, New South Wales, by Mr.

Darwin.

AporocERA (azropoc kepac), mihi.

Head vertical, subtriangular. Antenne two-thirds the length

of the body, 11-jointed; the first swollen, pyriform; the second

globular, small; the remainder subtriangular, broad, flattened,

nearly of equal length, the fifth joint being somewhat the longest

and broadest; the last joint with a terminal conical point, like a

very small additional joint. Z'horax gibbous in front, as broad as

the elytra. Body cylindrical. Tarsi 4-jointed, the penultimate

Joint deeply bilobed.

This genus is nearly allied to Clythra, as before stated, differing

chiefly in the antenna, which are long, with the joints broad and

flattened, without any tendency to being pectinated. It also

approaches near to Cryptocephalus ; but the antennze again well

distinguish it from that genus, which has those organs filiform.

Sp. 1. Aporocera bicolor, mihi. (PI. IX. fig. 3.)

Head vertical, subtrigonate, not so broad as the thorax, red

brown; with the eyes kidney-shaped and black. Antenne,

arising from the sinus of the eyes, black, 11-jointed, and rather

more than two-thirds the length of the body, pubescent. Thorax

as broad as the elytra, rounded and gibbous in front, smooth and

shining, of deep reddish brown, nearly as long as broad, with a

broad shallow transverse furrow a little behind the middle, and

curving posteriorly. Scutellum small, black-green, triangular.

Elytra nearly twice as long as broad, of a dark black shining green,

deeply and coarsely punctured in regular striz ; each elytron with

a large lateral lobe projecting downwards just behind the shoulders.

Body beneath reddish brown, pubescent, with the region of the

metasternum black, and the joints of the abdomen also striped

150 Mr. W. W. Saunders’s Descriptions

transversely with the same colour. Legs reddish brown, with the

apices of the femora and tibia and the tarsi black. Tarsi 4-jointed;

third joint deeply bilobed, the fourth joint little exceeding it.

Length -23, inch.

In the Cabinet of the Rev. F. W. Hope.

Habitat New South Wales.

Sp. 2. Aporocera apicalis, W. W.S. (Pl. IX. fig. 4.)

Head vertical, subtriangular, red brown, with the eyes kidney-

shaped and black. Antenne inserted in the sinus of the eyes,

not so long and rather stouter than in 4. bicolor. Thorax red

brown, gibbous and rounded in front, as broad as the elytra, with

a wide shallow transverse furrow curved posteriorly a little behind

the middle, smooth and somewhat shining. Scutellum small,

triangular, red brown, margined with black. Elytra not quite

twice as long as broad, deeply and coarsely punctured in regular

striz, red brown, with the apices black; each elytron having a

large lateral lobe projecting downwards a little behind the shoulders.

Under side of body black and pubescent. Legs red brown, with

the apices of the femora and tibiz and the tarsi black.

Length 523, inch.

In the Cabinet of the Rev. F. W. Hope.

Habitat New South Wales.

Sp. 3. Aporocera chalybea, W. W.S.

Head dark chesnut brown, with the region about the mouth

ochraceous, and the eyes black. Antennz black. Thorax pitchy

black, margined with ochraceous, shining and deeply punctured,

except along the vertex and near the shoulders, which portions

are extremely smooth. Scutellum quadrate, shining black, much

raised behind. Elytra of a shining chalybeate blue, deeply

and irregularly punctured. Under side of body and legs pale

ochraceous yellow; the latter ochraceous, with the apices of the

tibize and tarsi black.

Length 3; inch.

From Port Essington.

In the Collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope.

Sp. 4. Aporocera catoxantha, Hope, MSS.

Head pale ochraceous, with the eyes black. Antenne black,

with the basal joint brown, as long as the body, somewhat slender.

Thorax ochraceous, shining, punctured, except near the shoulders.

of the Chrysomelide. 151

Scutellum subquadrate, pitchy brown, elevated behind. Elytra

ochraceous, deeply and irregularly punctured, with broad lateral

margins of dark metallic green, and the space round the scutellum

of the same colour. Under side of body pale ochraceous. Legs

pale ochraceous, with the apices of the tibiz and tarsi black.

Length 535, inch.

From Port Essington.

In the Cabinet of the Rev. F. W. Hope.

This species, in the length and slenderness of the antenna, differs

somewhat from the species on which the group was founded, but

still there can be no doubt of the propriety of its being placed in

the sub-genus Aporocera.

Mirocera (proc xepac), W. W. 8.

Antenne inserted between and close to the eyes, longer than the

body, filiform, 11-jointed: first joint large, pyriform; second

small, obconic; third and fifth very long, of equal length; fourth

joint half as long as the third and fifth; each of the remainder as

long as the fourth. Head vertical, immersed in the thorax up to

the eyes. yes reniform. Thorax subquadrate, narrowed in

front, transverse, convex posteriorly, nearly as broad as the elytra.

Body subelongate, flattened. Tarsi 4-jointed ; first joint twice as

long as the second, the third deeply bilobed and almost concealing

the fourth.

Mitocera viridipennis, W. W.S. (PI. TX. fig. 5.)

Head light red brown, with the crown, eyes and antennz black.

Antenne one-third as long again as the body. Thorax red brown,

with slightly raised lateral margins, the upper surface shining,

coarsely and irregularly punctured. Scutellum subtrigonate, dark

blue green. Elytra dark shining blue green, deeply and irregu-

larly punctured, rounded at the apices where the margins are

reddish brown. Under side of body light red brown, pubescent.

Legs black, with the femora red brown.

Length 53°, inch.

From the Swan River.

In the Collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope.

A very distinct form, remarkable for the great length of the

antenne, with the third and fifth joints long.

Ocurosoprsis (wyxpoc ofc), W. W. S.

Head vertical or nearly so, immersed in the thorax up to the

152 Mr. W. W. Saunders’s Descriptions

eyes. yes reniform, with a deep and narrow sinus. Antenne

arising from just in front of the sinus of the eyes, wide apart, as

long as the body, filiform, 11-jointed: first joint robust, clavate ;

second small, obconic; third, fourth and fifth nearly of equal

length, the fourth the shortest ; the remainder gradually decreasing

in length, the terminal one pointed. Thorax rounded in front,

transverse, nearly as broad as the elytra. Scutellum subquadrate,

elevated behind. Llytra half as long again as broad, the apices

rounded. Legs moderate, tarsi 4-jointed; the first three joints

nearly of equal length, the third joint deeply bilobed and nearly

covering the small terminal joint.

This genus differs from Mitocera, W. W.S., in the length of the

antennze, and in the proportions which the third, fourth and fifth

joints of that organ bear to each other. The species are all pale

coloured.

Sp. 1. Ochrosopsis vermicularis, Hope, MSS.

Head slightly projecting from thorax, reddish brown, eyes

black. Antennz as long as the body, reddish brown. Thorax

corneous yellow, rugose, the depressions black. Elytra and

scutellum corneous yellow, the former closely covered with large

black impressions, which arrange themselves into irregular striae.

Under side of body reddish brown, covered with short silky

pubescence. Legs light rufous brown.

Length ;3°, inch.

From New Holland.

In the Cabinet of the Rev. F. W. Hope.

Sp. 2. Ochrosopsis Australis, Hope, MSS., type. (PI. IX. fig. 6.)

Head ochraceous yellow. Eyes black. Antennz about as long

as the body, dusky brown. Thorax shining, reddish brown, with

a longitudinal band on the vertex and two very faint oblique bands

from the centre of the base towards the anterior angles corneous

yellow, covered with large black impressions, which approximate

towards the vertex. Scutellum dark shining brown. Elytra

corneous yellow, covered with large closely set irregular impres-

sions, dark brown or black, varying in different specimens, the

impressions approximating round the scutellum and at the base of

the elytra. Under side of body shining pale ochraceous yellow,

sparingly covered with short pubescence. Legs dusky, corneous

yellow.

Length -2,5, inch.

From the Swan River.

In the Cabinet of the Rev. F. W. Hope.

of the Chrysomelide. 153

Sp. 3. Ochrosopsis erosa, Hope, MSS.

Head ochraceous yellow. Eyes dusky brown. Antennz rather

longer than the body, black. Thorax shining, corneous yellow,

nearly covered with coarse very black impressions, which approxi-

mate on each side the vertex so as to form two almost black

patches, and leave a longitudinal band along the vertex and the

margins free from impressions. Scutellum black, shining. Elytra

pale ochraceous yellow, deeply and irregularly punctured with

black, the punctures confluent in places and forming an irregular

pattern. Under side of body straw coloured, shining. Legs light

reddish brown.

Length -2°, inch.

From the Swan River.

In the Cabinet of the Rev. F. W. Hope.

Sp. 4. Ochrosopsis melanocephala, Hope, MSS.

Head ochraceous yellow, with the vertex and a central line

down the face black. Eyes black. Antenne nearly as long as

the body, black. Thorax ochraceous yellow, with a small oblong

patch near the hinder angles, and a large triangular patch on each

side of the vertex in front, black, deeply punctured, the punctures

light brown on the lighter portions. Scutellum small, black.

Elytra shining, ochraceous yellow, somewhat closely punctured,

with dark brown impressions, which are occasionally confluent

transversely. Under side of body straw coloured, the region

of the mesosternum closely punctured with black impressions.

Legs reddish brown, with the apices of the femora and tibize and

tarsi black.

Length —29, inch.

From New Holland.

In the Cabinet of the Rev. F. W. Hope.

Sp. 5. Ochrosopsis subfasciata, W. W.S.

Head yellow brown, deeply punctured, with slight longitudinal

waves. Eyes and parts of the mouth dark fuscous. Antenne

dark brown. Thorax dark brown, deeply punctured, with dull

yellow rugosities. Scutellum dull yellow. Elytra dull yellow,

with irregular striz deeply punctate, forming transverse rugosities,

the indentations dark brown and crossed a little above the middle

with an indistinct dark brown band, and another of the same

nature a little above the apex. Under side of body dull yellow,

154 Mr. W. W. Saunders’s Descriptions, §c.

punctured, and slightly covered with adpressed hairs. Legs

yellow brown,

Length =2, inch.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

Collected in New Holland by Mr. Tring.

Sp. 6. Ochrosopsis rufescens, W. W. S.

Head bright rufous brown, deeply punctured, with the parts of

the mouth dull yellow, excepting apices of mandibles, which are

black. Eyes black. Antenne pale rufous brown. Thorax bright

rufous brown, deeply punctured, narrowly margined in front and

laterally with dull yellow. Scutellum black, punctured, shining,

subtrigonate. Elytra with irregular striz deeply punctate, bright

rufous brown, with the rugosities yellow, excepting a little before

the apex, where the rugosities being of the same colour as the in-

dentations, there is the appearance of a broad transverse indistinct

rufous brown band. Under side of body dull yellow, punctate,

and covered with short adpressed hairs. Mesosternum dusky

brown. Legs and tarsi dull yellow.

Length -25, inch.

From Van Diemen’s Land.

In my own Collection.

This is a rather more robust and cylindrical species than the

others which I have described, with shorter and stouter antenne.

Sp. 7. Ochrosopsis apicalis, W. W. S.

Head dark rufous brown, punctured, parts of the mouth paler,

with tips of the mandibles dark fuscous. Eyes black. Antenne

rufous brown, not so long as the body, with the five terminal joints

more robust than the four preceding. ‘Thorax bright rufous

brown, deeply punctured, with a transverse depression running

along the hinder margin on the vertex; the anterior margin nar-

rowly and obscurely margined with dull yellow, and the rugosities

on the lateral margins of the same colour. Scutellum subtrigo-

nate, rufous brown. Elytra bright rufous brown, punctured, with

irregular stria, having a small patch on each shoulder, and the

apices ochraceous yellow, the punctate indentation on the latter

being dark brown. Under side of body dusky brown, punctured,

and covered with short adpressed somewhat silvery pubescence.

Mesosternum somewhat darker. Legs and tarsi pale rufous brown.

Length 533, inch.

From Van Diemen’s Land.

In my own Collection.

Trans. Ent. Soc. Vol IV, Pi. XT.

Day £ Haghe th! to the pace

Trans. Ent. Soc. Vol.1V. PU.XIL

Day iaghe to the Laece

Mr. J. O. Westwood on the Lamellicorn Beetles. 155

XXVI. On the Lamellicorn Beetles which possess exserted

Mandibles and Labrum, and 10-jointed Antenne. By

J. O. Westwoop, F.L.S., &c.

[Read 3rd October, 1842, and completed 4th May, 1843.]

Tue insects which form the subject of this paper, and which

possess an exserted labrum, exposed mandibles and 10-jointed

antennee, form portions of the families Trogide and Geotrupide

of MacLeay.

The former of these families, in the “ Horze Entomologice,” is

distinguished from the other Saprophagous families as follows :—

From the Scarabeide and Aphodiide by its exposed mandibles

and labrum; from the Dynastide by its “ maxillz processubus

duobus, interno dente arcuato corneo szepius instructo ; labrum dis-

tinctum subquadratum et anus obvolutus;” and from the Geo-

trupide by its corneous maxille.

The antennez of the T’rogidc are described as ‘“ breves, novem

vel decem articulis,”’ (p. 59,) in order to admit of the introduction

of the Australian genera Cryptodus and Mechadius, (the first of

which, as I have shown in previous papers read before the Ento-

mological Society, belongs to the Phileurideous Dynastide, whilst

Mechidius, as also shown by me in another paper, belongs to the

Melolonthide,) as well as of the very interesting European genus

AZgialia, which, in addition to its 9-jointed antennze, possesses a

strong corneous hooked inner lobe to the maxille, with the outer

lobe spinulo-setose.*

This last named curious genus, therefore, justifies the admission

of 9-jointed antennz into the characters of the family of the Trogide

of MacLeay, namely, the genera Tox, Phoberus, and Acanthocerus,

possessing 10-jointed antenne. All these genera, however, possess

a character in respect to these organs by which they are distin-

guished by Mr. MacLeay from the Geotrupide, (with which they

agree in their exserted mandibles and labrum,) namely, the separa-

tion of the three joints of the club of the antenne, whereas in the

Geotrupide the two terminal joints are received into the cup-like

basal joint of the club. The majority of the genera of Geotrupide

possess 11-jointed antennee; Mr. MacLeay however adds to the

family the genera Orphnus and Hybosorus, which possess 10-jointed

* The insect figured by Guérin as the type of this genus, in the “ Iconographie

du Reégne Animal,” 4g. cornifrons, possesses 10-jointed antennz, and forms the

genus Geobius, Brullé (Hybalus),

156 Mr. J. O. Westwood on the

antennee. Mr. MacLeay’s description of the maxilla of Orphnus

is however incorrect, since in this respect, as well as in the free

joints of the club of its antenne, it belongs to the Trogide.

In the “ Régne Animal” Latreille united the Geotrupide and

Trogide into his section Arenicoli, distinguished from the Copro-

phagi (Scarabeide and Aphodiide, MacLeay) by the exserted

mandibles and labrum, and the distinct terminal point of the labial

palpi; and from the Xylophili (Dynastide and Rutelide) by the

elytra covering the extremity of the abdomen and the exposed

labrum, &c. He however divides the 4renicoli into two groups,

Geotrupides and Trogides, which do not however precisely agree

with MacLeay’s two families ; the Geotrupides being characterized

by having the two lobes of the labium distinct and exserted, and the

antenne generally 11-jointed ; whilst the Trogides are described as

having 10-jointed antennz, the labium entirely concealed beneath

the mentum, and the maxille dentated on the inner edge. I have

not however found Latreille’s primary character of these two

groups of so much importance as he gives to them; because, as the

lobes of the labium are membranous and retractile, they shrink

in drying, and thus often become concealed when they would be

exserted while living; moreover they are often exserted but hidden

beneath the scapes of the labial palpi.

Latreille divides his Geotrupides into three sub-sections.

1. Those with 9-jointed antenne; namely, the genera 7 gialia

(which has been already noticed above as more strictly referable

to the 7rogide on account of its maxillee and distinct joints of the

club of the antennze) and Chiron, MacLeay—a most interesting

genus placed by its founder in the family Zucanide, but which

Latreille, with greater acumen, introduces near to dgialia. Mr.

MacLeay, indeed, admits that he did not examine the maxille of

this genus; but the strongly exserted dentate labrum and minute

scutellum are sufficient to create suspicion of its Lucanideous

relationship, whilst the maxilla are very similar to those of

Orphnus and Ochodeus.

2. Those with 11-jointed antennz, including Lethrus, Geotrupes,

Athyreus, Elephastonus, Bolboceras. 'To these Latreille adds

Ochodeus ; but that genus, although various recent French authors

have described it as having 11-jointed antenne (apparently from

Latreille having introduced it into this group rather than ex visu

proprio), in reality possesses ten joints to its antenne, and, as above

mentioned, is very close in its relationship to Orphaus.

3, Those with 10-jointed antennee, namely, Hybosorus and

Lamellicorn Beetles. tea

Acanthocerus ; the first of which has a Geotrupideous and the

second a Trogideous clava to its antenne, the first also has

Geotrupideous and the latter rather Trogideous maxille and

Jabium.

The Trogides consist, according to Latreille, of the genus Trox

alone, with Phoberus as a subdivision.*

The genus Orphnus, which MacLeay places in the family Geo-

trupide, is introduced by Latreille into the Dynastide, and is

stated not to differ from Oryctes. This relationship will be ex-

amined in a subsequent part of this paper.

With these preliminary remarks on the relationship of these

insects, I now proceed to the description of the various genera

which possess 10-jointed antennee, and which respectively belong

to the families Geotrupide or Trogide as thus characterized.

GEOTRUPIDE. TroGip#.

Antennarum clava..articulo basali infundibuliformi ..—— articulis liberis.

Mavillarum lobis ..membranaceis ....+.0-+eee06 potius corneis, supero

ciliato-dentato.

Labii lobis......+..plerumque porrectis ........+.+-——= plerumque retractis.

GrorTRUPIDA.

Antennarum clava articulo basali infundibuliformi ; maxillarum lobi membranacei;

labium lobis plerumque porrectis.

Antenne Ll-articulate ....-ccessescccccccvesvees os Ccotrupes, &c.

Antenne 10-articulate.

Prothorax integer.

Tibiz antice 3-dentate.

Mandibula uncinate ......+2secececeeeceee ee Hybosorus.

Mandibule latiores.

Ungues bifidi.

Tibiz postice in medio inermes ......+--++++Silphodes.

Tibiz postice in medio dentate ............Coilodes.

Ungues simplices .. 0.5... c0ccceccccve cece oe ChEloduss

Tibiz antic 2-dentate .....ccceecscvcceessece--Apalonychus.

Prothorax canaliculatus .....2cscececcsscececece se Anaides.

Trocipe.

Antennarum clava articulis liberis; maxillarum lobi cornei, externo ciliato-

dentato ; labium lobis plerumque retractis.

Antenne 9-articulate.

Corpus breve latum’. 0.20.26 cece cs cc cs ence wesc ve oe Hpialian

Corpus longum parallelum.........-eeeeeeeeeeee ee Chiron.

* Cryptodus and Mechidius are however mentioned in a note, not having been

seen by Latreille; he however considers them as removed from Tox, and regards

Mechidius as allied to Melolonthus.

158 Mr. J. O. Westwood on the

Antenne 10-articulate.

Corpus supra planum; mentum profunde incisum ..Cryptogenius.

Corpus plus minusve convexum ; mentum haud pro-

fundé incisum.

Caput sub pectus haud contractile; corpus haud

globosum.

Pedes mediocres, tarsis gracilibus.

Prothorax maximus, anticé subbituberculatus. . Geobius.

Prothorax mediocris, haud anticé subbituber-

culatus.

Prothorax anticé plus minusve retusus, dorso

irregulari; caput seepius cornutum in ¢ ;

maxillarum Jobus internus denticulatus.

Mandibulis 4-dentatis ....-.eeeeeeee-- J riodontus.

Mandibulis 3-dentatis ......-eeeeeeeesOrphnus.

Mandibulis 2-dentatis ....0+.+e+.-0+ + Agidium.

Prothorax et caput simplicia; maxillarum

lobus internus in spinam curvatam dotadeus

PToductus..cecccccccccevececoes

Pedes abbreviati, tarsis crassis .....+.-+.e+-++1 rot, Phoberus.

Caput sub pectus contractile; corpus globosum .. Acanthocerus; and

the subgenera se-

parated from it by

Germar, in Zeit-

schrift f. d. Ent.

Fam. GEOTRUPIDE.

Hysosorus, MacLeay.

(Plate XI. fig. 1 and details.)

This genus is at once distinguished by its sickle-shaped mandi-

bles, a remarkable character, which neither MacLeay nor Guérin

have represented in their figures illustrative of this genus. The

labrum is entirely exposed and has its sides serrated, another

peculiar character not noticed by MacLeay, whose description of

the inner lobe of the maxillee ( lacinia interna subcrustacea intus

ad apicem unidentata”) is also incorrect, as I have, on repeated dis-

section, observed both lobes to be equally membranous and destitute

of teeth. The labial palpi arise from large scapes, which MacLeay

has mistaken for the anterior margin of the mentum; and instead

of the ligula or labium being, as he says, “ vix distincta,” its two

lobes are porrected beyond the basal joint of the palpi. Guérin

also has neither represented the scapes to the labial palpi nor the

lobes of the labium. The ungues are simpie in all the feet.

The species are confined to the old world.

Sp. 1. Hybosorus arator, Fabr., Mach. (oblongus, Dahl.)

Habitat Europa Australi (Hispania, Gall. mer.)

Long. corp. lin. 4.

Note: H. arator, Lap. Hist. Nat. Ins, Col. vol. ii. p. 108,

Ramclincirn Becilas. 159

Senegallia; long. 3 lin.: Obscuré brunneus, tibiis anticis biden-

tatis. Species distincta ?

Sp. 2. Hybosorus latipes, Germar, Perty, Ind. ?

Sp. 3. Hybosorus orientalis, Hope, MSS.

Niger, nitidus, clypeo punctatissimo marginato, thorace tenue

punctato, elytris striato-punctatis, tibiis anticis 3-dentatis.

Long. corp. lin. 6.

Habitat in India orientali.

Sp. 4. Hybosorus Roei.

Individua minora Indica, ex India orientali D. Roe missa ad

Dom. Hope ; elytra et thoracem colore piceo tincta, lineasque

4 long. habent. Vix tamen species distincta,

Sp. 5. Hybosorus Laportei.

Syn. H. arator, Lap. op. cit. supra.

Habitat Senegallia.

Sp. 6? Hybosorus nitidulus, Duf, Coll.? Lap. op. cit. p. 108.

* Brun rougedtre, elytres irreguliérement ponctuées sur le

disque, jambes antérieures fortement 3-dentées.”

Long. lin. 3, larg. 1}.

Habitat Senegallia.

Obs.—Dejean gives this MS. species of Dufour as an Orphnus.

Sp. 7. Hybosorus thoracicus, Hope, MSS.

Oblongo-ovalis, piceo-rufus, thorace rufo; nitidus, capite tho-

raceque sublente tenue punctatis, elytris striato-punctatis,

antennis luteis, tibiis anticis bidentatis.

Long. corp. lin. 33.

Habitat in Senegallia.

Mus. Hope, Melly.

Obs.—Color variat plus minusve piceus. Individua alia, nomine

H. oblongus inscripta, in Mus. D. Melly vidi, sed haud distincta.

Sp. 8. Hybosorus pinguis, Westw.

Latior, piceo-niger, elytris nigris, clypeo punctato, thorace

subleevi, elytris striato-punctatis, pedibus piceis, brunneo-

setosis, antennis fulvis, tibiis anticis 3-dentatis.

Long. corp. lin. 3, 4.

Habitat in Sierra Leone.

Mus. Hope, Melly. Alius duplo minor ex Africa in Mus.

Melly haud differre videtur.

160 Mr. J. O. Westwood on the

SirpHopes, Westw.

(Plate XI. fig. 2 and details.)

Corpus ovatum, subconvexum, marginibus reflexis et setosis.

Caput subtrigonum, margine laterali parum reflexo et ante

oculos longé setoso. Clypeus fere recté truncatus. Labrum

porrectum, breve transversum, angulis anticis rotundatis,

margineque antico in medio emarginato. Mandibule robust

corneee, exsertz, margine externo valde rotundato et setoso,

apice in dentem declivem producto, denteque altero minuto

interno; margine interno setuloso. Maaille basi cornee,

extus setoso ; lobo apicali magno membranaceo setoso, interno

minuto ciliato, ciliis duabus crassioribus apicalibus. Palpi

maxillares 4-articulati; articulo lmo minuto, reliquis tribus

longioribus, ultimo longo, parum curvato. Mentum fere

rotundatum, longé setosum, margine antico emarginato.

Labium Jaciniis duabus tenuibus productis. Palpi labiales

breves, 3-articulati. Antenne 10-articulate, clava 3-articu~

latee ; articulis infundibuliformibus, 1mo majori alteros duos

recipiente. Prothorax transversus, postice latior, anticé emar-

ginatus, angulis posticis rotundatis, margine postico parum

producto; lateribus reflexo-marginatis. Scutellum triangulare.

Elytra ovalia, abdomen omnino tegentia, convexa, margine

reflexo et ciliato. Pedes longitudine mediocres, tarsis posticis

longioribus. Zbie 2 anticze extus obtusé serrate, dentibus

tribus majoribus ad apicem et calcari unico armate. Trbie

4 posticee angustiores, setis longissimis triplici serie positis.

Tarsi 5-articulati; antici breves, articulo ultimo subtus

spinulis armati. Ungues pedum anticorum dissimiles, majori

intus ad basin spina brevi alteraque versus medium armato ;

minori fere recto, basi tamen valde curvato. Ungues pedum

4 posticorum fere similes, fere recti, ad basin tamen curvati.

The porrected labrum and mandibles, membranous lobes of the

maxillz and infundibuliform joints of the club of the antenne,

lead me to infer that this insect is much more neatly allied to the

Geotrupide than to the Trogide, from which these characters

especially remove it.* Its immediate relationship is Hybosorus,

from which it is distinguished by the form of the mandibles, and

* A specimen of this genus, in the Cabinet of the Zoological Society, has a

label attached to it in the handwriting of Mr. MacLeay, inscribed ‘‘ Trogide,

G. N.” Had Mr, MacLeay however had an opportunity of examining the trophi

of the genus, I am convinced he would have referred it to Geotrupide.

Lamellicorn Beetles. 161

more especially by the dissimilarity in the form of the ungues,

which is indeed a character which we meet with only amongst the

Melolonthide and other Thalerophagous groups. :

The genus bears a striking analogy to some of the species of

the genera Silpha (S. levigata) and Necrophilus (N. hydrophi-

loides, Esch.), not only in size but also in general appearance.

This is the more interesting, because, from a label in the hand-

writing of Sir S. Raffles, attached to a specimen from Sumatra,

(in the Zoological Society’s Museum,) we learn that the species

‘‘ feeds on dead animal matter. May, 1818.” The construction

of the trophi would certainly not have led to the idea of such a

habit, the peculiar form of the mandibles and the membranous

lobes of the maxillz not appearing fit for such a mode of life.

The genus is probably confined to the sea coast, like A giaha

and the Psammodit.

Sp. 1. Silphodes Indica, Westw.

S. castaneo-fusca, lateribus rufescentibus, elytris striato-punc-

tatis, mediocriter setoso-marginatis, tibiis anticis extus (et

inter dentes) serratis, tarsis anticis simplicibus.

Long. corp. lin. 54.

Habitat in India Orientali.

In Mus. D. Melly.

Magnitudine quasi intermedia inter S. Sumatrensem et Philip-

pinensem, illé e tertia parte major, et magis glabra, hac minor et

angustior. Caput lateribus parum elevatis, clypeo ferrugineo

punctato. Prothorax marginatus, tenuissime punctatus, punctis

lateralibus majoribus. Elytra regulariter striato- punctata, punctis

haud profundis. Tibize anticee extus (et inter dentes) serrate.

Tarsi antici et ungues simplices: an 9 ?

Sp. 2. Silphodes Madagascariensis, Westw.

Piceo-castanea, lateribus pedibusque magis rufescentibus, capite

anticé latiori, elytris minus ovatis, punctatis, punctis majoribus

striisque tribus levibus punctis utrinque marginatis, lateribus

longius setosis.

Long. corp. lin. 53.

Habitat Madagascar.

In Mus. D. Melly.

Magnitudo fere S. Gambiensis at angustior, elytris et pedibus

longius setosis, capite antic? magis quadrato, pone antennas magis

rotundato, elytrorum punctis profundioribus striisque tribus levi-

VOL. IV. M

162 Mr. J. O. Westwood on

bus, singula striz utrinque linea punctorum marginata. Tibiz

anticee externé (et inter dentes) serratee, unguibus ( ¢ ?) basi valde

curvatis equalibus, uno dente in medio armato.

Sp. 3. Silphodes dubia, W.

Nigricans, lateribus vix setosis, prothorace lzevi, elytris sub lente

irregulariter punctatis, lineis tribus leevibus in singulo punctis

utrinque marginatis, tibiis anticis externé (et inter dentes)

serratis.

Long. corp. lin. 43.

Habitat ?

In Mus. D. Hope.

S. Sumatrensi paulo major, et magis convexa; elytris, oculo

nudo, levibus, sed sub lente tenuissimé et irregulariter punctatis,

striis tribus levibus in singulo, stria singula utrinque punctis

marginaté. Tarsi antici et ungues simplices.

Sp. 4. Silphodes Sumatrensis, W.

S. piceo-castanea, capite latiori, elytris striato-punctatis, margine

longe setoso, tibiis anticis extus serratis, inter dentes integris.

Long. corp. lin. 33.

Habitat in Sumatra. D. Raffles.

In Mus. Soc. Zool. Lond.

Hec species e ceteris differt statura minori, prothoracis lateribus

magis parallelis, capite et parte antica prothoracis latioribus,

elytrisque magis convexis, Caput tenuissimé punctatum, inter oculos

leve. Prothorax magis nitidus convexior punctatissimus, lateribus

punctis majoribus marginatis. Elytra marginata ovalia convexa,

minus dilatata, singulo striis circiter 18 equalibus e punctis impressis

formatis. Sete marginis elytrorum elongate. Pedes longiores

et tenuiores. Tibiz anticz extus serrate, spatiis inter dentes

haud serratis.

It is this species which was observed by Sir S. Raffles to “ feed

on dead animal matter.”

Mr. Hope has a specimen of this genus, which differs only from

Sir S. Raffles’ individual in being slightly larger, in being rather

paler in colour, and in the strize of the elytra not being quite so

regularly or so deeply punctured; received with the erroneous

name Euparia castanea, No. 83.

Sp. 5. Swlphodes Philippinensis, W. (Pl. XI. fig. 2.)

S. piceo-castanea, capite thoraceque magis rufescentibus, elytris

irregulariter valde punctatis striaque suturali alterisque 8

Lamellicorn Beetles. 163

longitudinalibus (per paria dispositis) e punctis confluentibus

formatis.

Long. corp. lin. 44—6.

Habitat in insulis Philippinensibus. D. Cuming.

E, preecedenti differt statura majori latiori, minus convexa,

capite et parte antica prothoracis angustioribus, angulisque posticis

hujus minus marginatis. Caput et prothorax tenuissimé punctata,

hujus lateribus punctis majoribus. Sete marginis elytrorum et

pedum elongate. Tibize anticze extus serrate, spatiis inter dentes

apicales etiam serratis.

Sp. 6. Silphodes Gambiensis, Westw.

S. castaneo-fuscus, prothoracis et elytrorum marginibus sutu-

raque rufescentibus, elytris sub lente tenuissimé punctatis,

striisque tribus e punctis majoribus in singulo, Long. corp.

lin. 6.

Habitat apud ripos fluviorum Gambie et Senegalliee. D. Tebbs.

In Mus. Britann.

E 8S. Philippinensi differt capite angustiori, thorace minus

punctato, elytris magis ovatis, setis marginalibus multo brevioribus,

punctis disci irregularibus et minutis, lineis tribus in singulo e

punctis majoribus formatis; ungues pedum anticorum zquales,

parum curvati, uno in medio dentato.

Obs.—There is a genus indicated in Dejean’s catalogue, between

Hybosorus and Ochodeus, under the name of Acallus, (Atimus, De}.

Cat. 3rd edit.,) composed of three species ; emarginatus, Wiedemann

[ Wiedemann has described no species under such name], from

Java, affinis, Dej., and ciliatus, Dej., both from Senegal. This

genus is evidently identical with Pheochrus of Laporte, (Hist.

Nat. Ins. Col. vol. ii. p. 108,) placed between Geobius and Acan-

thocerus, and composed of two species, P. Senegallensis and P. emar-

ginatus (from Java). From the very short and slovenly description

given of this genus, it is impossible to say whether it be identical

with Sz/phodes or not.

Cornopes, Westw. (kotAd7yc, Convexitas).

(Pl. XI. fig. 3, and details.)

Corpus breve, valde convexum, posticé rotundatum. Antenne

10-articulate, clava rotundata, articulo 8vo magno infundi-

buliformi. Zabrum porrectum, transversum, angulis anticis

rotundatis, margine antico setoso, setis e punctorum serie

productis. Mandibule elongato-trigone, extus curvate, apice

M2

164 Mr. J. O. Westwood on

acute, margine interno emarginato setoso, basi interné inciso.

Mazxille lobis membranaceis setosis. Mentwm quadratum,

lateribus rotundis. Palpi labiales breves, 3-articulati, in scapos

crassos insidentes. Labiwm lobis duobus membranaceis ad

basin articuli 2di palporum labialium productis. Tibie

anticee extus serrate et 3-dentatee. Pronotum in ¢ anticé

excavatum, in 9 verointegrum. Ungues tarsorum in ¢ intus

in medio unidentati, in g simplices. (Insecta Americana.)

The above characters will sufficiently characterize a small group

of South American insects closely allied to and apparently repre-

senting the old world Hybosori, with which, in various respects, it

is true that they structurally agree ; but the form of the mandibles,

and the sexual differences exhibited by the prothorax and ungues,

will, I think, sufficiently distinguish them from that group. The

type of the present genus is—

Sp. 1. Hybosorus gibbus, Perty, (Mart. and Spix, Del. An. Art.

Bras. pl. 9, fig. 5).

(Pl. XI. fig. 3.)

Syn. Hyb. Brasiliensis, Laporte, H. d. Ins. Col. ii. p. 108.

Hyb. geminatus, Dej. Cat. ined.

Brevis, convexus, supra niger, nitidus; elytris marginatis, sub

lente geminato-punctato-striatis ; thorace ¢ anticé rotundato

excavato, margine antico in medio tuberculo instructo ; capitis

fronte carina media transversa seu potius tuberculis duobus

conjunctis, transverse positis.

Long. corp. lin. 3.

Habitat in Brasilia. In Mus. Hope, Melly, nostr.

Variat mas colore omnino luteo-fulvus. Habitat in Brasilia.

Mus. Melly.

Sp. 2. Coilodes Chilensis, W.

C. piceus, thorace maris rufo-piceo, excavatione magna antica,

margineque antico in medio tuberculo prominenti.

Long. corp. lin. 33.

Habitat in Chili.

In Mus. Soc. Ent. Lond.

Precedenti paullo major, magis piceus vel rufo-piceus, thorace

magis impresso in parte magis antica. liter simillimus.

Lamellicorn Beetles. 165

Sp. 3. Cotlodes castaneus, W.

C. piceo-castaneus, nitidus, thorace maris parum excavato,

elytris vix geminato-striato-punctatis, pedibus brunneis.

Long. corp. 23. C. gibbo valde affinis.

Habitat in Colombia.

In Mus. D. Melly (Hybosorus castaneus, Bug. MSS.)

Sp. 4. Cotlodes parvulus, W.

C, luteo-brunneus, nitidus, elytris profundius geminato-striato-

punctatis 9.

Long. corp. lin. 24.

Habitat in Brasilia. In Mus. Melly.

Species 4 preecedentes forsitan varietates sp. ejusdem existi-

mari debent.

From their geographical habitat I presume the following species

belong to this genus :—

Hybosorus rufulus, Laporte, op. cit. p. 108.

Habitat in Insula St. Doming.

Hybosorus humeralis, Mann.

Habitat in Brasilia.

Hybosorus auger, Mann.

Habitat in Brasilia.

Hybosorus discus, Dej. Cat. ined.

Habitat Buenos Ayres, Brasilia.

Hybosorus granarius, De}. Cat. ined.

Habitat in Brasilia.

Hybosorus testaceus, De}. Cat. ined.

Habitat in Carthagena.

Hybosorus minutus, Buq., Dej. Cat. 3rd edit. ined.

Habitat Cayenne.

Cu#rtopus, Westw.

(Pl. XI. fig. 4, and details.)

Corpus oblongo-ovatum convexum, superficie setosa. Caput

parvum, anticé triangulare, clypei apice rotundato. Labrum

porrectum, latior quam longus, margine antico recto, angulis

rotundatis. Mandibule conice crasse subtrigonz, extus

rotundate, apice curvato et intus oblique truncato, mem-

branaque setosa interna instructe. Mazxille lobo externo

subovato membranaceo setoso, interno minuto subcorneo,

apice stylis duobus brevibus instructo. Palpi maxillares

subbreves, articulo Imo brevissimo, 2ndo crasso, 3tio parum

166 Mr. J. O. Westwood on

breviori, tertio longiori attenuato. Mentum cordatum, basi

truncatum. Palpi labiales minuti, scapo basali haud conspi-

cuo. Labium e lobis duobus sub palpos conspicuis constans.

Antenne 10 articulate, clava rotunda, articulo 8vo infundi-

buliformi. Pronotum integrum, postice fere latitudine elytro-

rum. Elytra magna convexa, striata etsetosa. Tibice antice

3-dentatee, posticee 4 in medio haud dentate. Ungues sim-

plices. (Insecta Americee meridionali propria.)

Sp. 1. Chetodus piceus, Westw. (Pl. XI. fig. 4.)

C. piceus, nitidus, capite thoraceque rudé punctatis, elytris regu-

lariter striatis, luteo-setosis, pedibus valde setosis, antennarum

clava lutea.

Long. corp. lin. 3.

Habitat in Brasilia, D. Swainson.

In Mus. Soc. Zool. Lond.

Caput clypeo rotundato, tenue marginato, hoe et pronotum

vagé et rudé punctatis, lateribus marginatis et setulosis. Elytra

striata, singulo striis 12 simplicibus aque distantibus et setosis.

Pedes mediocres, tibiis anticis serrulatis, apice tridentatis.

Sp. 2. Chetodus irregularis, Westw. (Plate XI. fig. 4 f.)

C. piceus, nitidus, capite thoraceque grossé punctatis, elytris

irregulariter striatis, antennarum clava obscuriore.

Long. corp. 23.

Habitat in Brasilia. In Mus. D. Melly.

Clypeus rufescens, tenue marginatus punctatus. Pronotum

irregulariter et gross¢ punctatum, lateribus subserratis et setosis.

Elytra striata, striis simplicibus, singulo striis 10; Ima suturali,

2da et Stia, 4a et 5tia approximatis, reliquis externis aque dis-

tantibus, punctis perpaucis ad margines striarum intermediarum.

Pedes mediocres, tibiis anticis 3-dentatis.

The mandibles in this species have the outside near the base

more gibbous, and the apex not so obliquely truncate within; the

antenne have the intermediate joints acutely produced within, the

points being directed backwards ; the maxillae and mentum agree

with those of the preceding species, but the lobes of the labium

are more porrected.