OFFICERS.

1858.

Sephora.) Pisg. ob he Ed, H IL Ss. we ccjels osisis son + clee ses vsisi my Eresraent.

Samuet Stevens, Esq., F.LS. ..0.-ceccececsccscscceccoe Lreasurers

Epwin SHEPHERD, Esq. -.0.cecssccscsaccveesent sone ne

Fowsnn W. Janson, Esq... 508 scien teow cdsuve seecee

GEG DALY, ESQ. eis sv ties ese daweaee alee eietalsreheies alvls (ete

H. Bonn, Esq., B.Z:S. <ccs covets oceee sleis/siatalaialclereiia(e\ejenel

F. Grout, Esq... oes cece ceases esceasetvncsccoccs

F. P. Pascoe, Bea: ee aly ae ON ie een

W. W. Saunners, Esq., F.R.S., &C. ce ceee cece cccvcrccce

F. SMITH, Esq. 2... -sccccceccceccesbencsscecesecsvace

feel. SYM, (PiSqs 7. - ve bis celcis'e © cislaleccie eelesice acisie/s ned seine

J. O. Westwoop, Esq., F.L.S., &. 22 ce cccescccccccsccecs

S.J. WItxinson, Esq. coos ecce ceccervccssersccvsecvess

t Secretaries.

Other Members

of Council.

Library and Cabinet Committee.

Messrs. Gray, Pascoz, SAUNDERS, SHEPHERD and SmitTH.

a 2

TRANSACTIONS

THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON, 1834—1858.

—»)—

Vol. I. twenty-four plates, 25s. 6d.—to members, 12s. 9d.

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By a Resolution of the Council, the First Series of the Transactions can

now be obtained only in entire volumes.

NEW SERIES.

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VEY.

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of the Transactions; it may, however, be obtained separately, by Members

and Subscribers, gratis, and by the public, price 1s. per sheet.

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who have paid their Annual Subscription for the current year, are entitled to

receive the Transactions without further payment, and to residents in Great

Britain they will be forwarded free, per post.

CONTENTS.

PAGE

DEER OL CO! OACIOLY a fo atop ertige punts th cap ee ey 6). s, yee) Sh, agen) ALD

emrag at tier Len nSaChOone. | ty. Ls Us iste bo be plot ty sts lee? ivareeey als

Weplanation of the Plates {cr 2,524.) Je Ses. Ways Golo a wee

OTP RB DE a Me Se a ROE I mien Cage ery oA |

Additions to the Library from the 1st of January, 1856, to the 31st of _

PRPS MADER DGD Mae sooo. ene aston Behe bum ine sole yee ke xiii

Additions to the Collections from the Ist of January, 1856, to the

avo Derampernl Sag: . sn te ast steele) aan he an aoa ae

List of Members and Subscribers, October, 1858 . . . . . « ~ Xvil

Journal of Proceedings from February, 1856, to January, 1858 . . i

nd exRDaatr oye ss thee ieee ft ee Reig: Teme treat crear TROT

MEMOIRS.

I. Descriptions of the Species of the Australian Lamellicorn

Genus snail By J. O. Westwoop, Esq., F.L.S.,

Urs Ge Sh 5 seta? ELA es ok 5 dat an ony tie cen

II. On some Ce collected by Dr. SurHeRtanp in the

Atlantic Ocean. By Joun Lussock, Esq., F.Z.S., &c. 8

III. How may the Onward Progress of the Study of Entomology

be best furthered? By H.T.Srainron, Esq. . . . 38

IV. Description of New Genera and Species of Asiatic Longicorn

Coleoptera. By F. P. Pascor, Esq., Piss: RIE ei

CONTENTS.

PAGE

. Characters of a few apparently undescribed Insects collected by

James Gipson, Esq., at Moreton Bay. By Epwarp

Newman, Esq., F.L.S., &c. 51

VI. On the Transformations of Natal Lepidoptera. By W. W.

Saunpers, Esq., F.R.S., &c. . Feet gle. ma 58

VII. Notes on the Wing Veins of Insects. By J. O. Westwoop,

ESN 3; bipses WON os Tis ques) ek s,s ee Se 60

VIII. A Revision of the British Atomarie, with Observations on the

Genus. By T. Vernon Wottasrton, Esq., M.A.,F.LS. 64

IX. On the Recent Progress of Micro-Lepidopterology on the Con-

tinent. By H. T. Srarnton, Esq. Se seh, -

X. Description of Two Insects belonging to Pseudomela, a New

Genus of Chrysomelide. By Joseru S. Bary, Esq. 87

XI. On New Genera and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. Part. II.

By F. P. Pascoz, Esq., F.L.S., &c. 89

XII. Observations on Genera. By H. T. Srarnton, Esq. 113

XIII. Observations on the Difficulties attending the Discrimination

of the Genus Stylops. By Frepericx Smirn, Esq. . . 115

XIV. Characters of undescribed Diptera in the Collection of W. W.

Saunpers, Esq., F.R.S., &c. By Francis Waker,

Esq., F.L.S. : a) BAe ie 119

XV. On the Oriental Species of Butterflies related to the Genus

Morpho. By J. O. Westwoop, Esq., F.L.S., &c. . 158

XVI. Characters of undescribed Diptera in the Collection of W. W.

Saunpers, Esq., F.R.S., &c. (continued.) a! Francis

Warcrny-Bsqj 2S. 5 os tic fe) ee pete coe

XVII. On New Genera and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera.

Part III. ByF. P. Pascoz, Esq., F.L.S., &c. . 236

XVIII. On the aberrant Species hitherto placed in the Genus Ela-

chista. By H.'T. Srarnton, Esq. . 267

XIX. On the Habits and Transformations of a Species of Ornithop-

tera, allied to O. Priamus, inhabiting the Aru Islands,

near New Guinea. By Atrrep R. Wattace, Esq.,

Corr. Mémb. Ent. Soc, London,

272

XX.

XXI.

XXII.

XXIII.

CONTENTS, Vii

PAGE

Revision of an Essay on the British Formicidae, published in -

the Transactions of the Society. By Frepericx Situ,

TAGE cesta ae tas gee Ps: ae sak ape eitce ye Xe ROR

Observations on the Habits of the Dipterous Genus Conops.

By Se Oe SAUNDERS VER Pie pk cal wy 0} Mace eh OD

Description of Plate XX VIIT.—Illustrating Mr. S. S. Saun-

ders’s “Memoir on the Habits of the Dipterous Genus

Conops.” By J. O. Westwoop, Esq., F.L.S. . . . 291*

Synopsis of the Genus Elachista. By H.T. Startnton, Esq. 292

Descriptions of some New Species of Chrysomelide. By J.

SM. HALE, UaQ, too = [jad ore tie aoe. ae ee

Pate. Fic. 2

I 1. Cryptodus variolosus, White, and details ..... sleketeleieYers

2; Be piceus, Germ., and details ..... dalctatsi ene evel

oe 5 Tusmannianus, West. ...... j atole ets der chet

4, . politus, West., and details ....cesssecoesees

5. ~, Passaloides, Germ,, and details.......+...>

6. i caviceps, West., and details .........essee.

Il, 1—7. Diaptomus dubius, Lubbock, and details ..........+6+

8—11. Calanus inconspicuus, Lubbock, and details ...........

12 Bete, MLAULS LULL DOCK) <ayerareis\ciace wiade\ieieiercierenerst slate (or ereteye

ELI: 1—7. Calanus brevicornis, Lubbock, and details......-..+++-

LANE 1—3. Culanus penicillatus, Lubbock, and details....... Soba

Ay Undima Helene, MD DOCK: jaais2 steele aise eatniaieeictete

5—8.. ,, pulchra, Lubbock, and details.......esccccseoe

9—10. Sapphirina stylifera, Lubbock, and details..............

11—14. Copilia Atlantica, Lubbock, and details........... sistas

Vis 1—6. Calanus mirabilis, Lubbock, and details. .......e++ seers

7—8. Coryceus styliferus, Lubbock, and details ........++.0

9—11. Sapphirina opaca, Lubbock, and details .........-.00%

\Als 1—5. Undina longipes, Lubbock, and details..... Ssdanocoagpe

6—12. Candace pachydactyla, Dana, and details ae

VII, 1—5. Undina Helene, Lubbock, and details ........... aetate

6. », pulchra, Lubbock ......... ais elcisluineetateley stele

7—12. Coryceus Sutherlandii, Lubbock, and details ...........

VIII. 1—6. Eucheta Atlantica, Lubbock, and details .............

IX, 1—2. Eucheta Sutherlandii, Lubbock, and details ..........

38—4. Undina plumosa, Lubbock, and details .......-...+++-

6—9. sc 2 Dana, Lubboek, andkdetailsynys ccs cutsic esis os cieee

X. 1—8. Diaptomus abdominalis, Lubbock, and details .........

9—10. Calanus communis, Dana, and details ......... aie eatctees

XI. 1—7. Ponteila setosa, Lubbock, and details ........+e++.e00-

8—11. Calanus latus, Lubbock, and details ........... Sertvechs

XII. 1—8. Helocypris Atlantica, Lubbock, and details ........-.-

9—1\. Sapphirina Dane, Lubbock, and details .............

12—13. Clytemnestra Atlantica, Lubbock, and details ..........

XIII. 1 a—1 b. Larva and pupa of Papilio Policenes, Cram. ..++.000+-

1 c. Larva, name unknown ........... Crore Hosier S58

eee ARAL Ol AVOD MIN Kasra ee letreatarr eu ictea ts sleleeieiedaleaera-ai os

3 a—3 b. Larva and cocoon of Attacus mythimna, Westw....-+.++

Puarte.

XIV.

XVI.

XVII.

XVIII.

XIX.

XX.

XXI.

XXII.

XXIII.

XXIV.

XXV.

1—1

2—2

1—2.

A—A

ON Ste = Co ke ee ee CO

su EAMESLER CCUG, PEASCOL imig cin’ ~ <ierapeicte as) soles

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Larva and pupa of Anthona arata, Westw. ...-.- AOS.

sLarva, HAamMe: UnkNOWN) <o ss csie esc visles «ae - « o bued@ atetae

Larva, pupa, and imago of Egyholia Vaillantina, Boisd.

Larva, cocoon and imago of Lebeda cuneilinea, Walk. «-

Larva and cocoon, unknown ......ss-eeeseeeees eees

« Acrocyrta clytoides, Pascoe ......--eeeeeereces oviece

. Entelopes glauca, Bug. var. .-....+ oe vecceccc cscs

Serimia mondestay PASCO. ereieicisie:e ols sis cversio sere tials nists

Neorantha amicta, Pascoe «....csccecccscecs mc oteltere

~ Werothema siendte, PAsCOe -seicn a ekein aid eciciser'e a/oleiste Ane

Blemmiyan Whiter, aSCOe iaiee(s clete'e nieely aieisieiel oles) a lenisle

= aaleres papers ASCOPMsiclate/s\e\s =| claye'e nls los) elelete alates ies

. Thaumantis Aliris, Westw..... STahaleleis esque tec) s/=nichaiaiate

so Nourmanal, Wiestwe ov cc'scesccnwncee ee sie

* Flomotia WeBtW.. wece vinta stan vei els apron

= LALeipors! WIE W tele xale%s sicks sicis siujels pianos

a Nouredidins: Westws:sie cre dic.es cialemicrcenean's

Drusilla Phoreas; Westwi wecckc cs «ose caiiclecis cnet

- Clerome (Melanocyma) Faunula, Westw. ..0++++++00

“ Slomphaw, NWestw.. srw sipietteie silo athens aierneteine

- Discophora 2a, NViESiW. iv%s,s\eis's/s1e/ «alos eisielaee nieie one

Dynamostes audax, Pascoe .. 5.0.00 sens s0cc0scs eure

Neostertus Saundersii, Pascoe: .:<,22sicice cle «ss 6 a0 eaeiaie

Tmesisternus gratiosus, Pascoe ....sssessesecesceces

sewcopadus ciliatus, PascoG) ees. «isis aeinése e vis Gelcciaseen

. Stegenus dactylon, Pascoe ...... tee cece cess ccoens

; Liris anthribvoides, ASCOG said sice.c's/s ois oisls wapeieae selene

- Noémia flavicornis, Pascoe ..se.e.sse-+ sees sis /sieeiee

Xoanodera trigona, E:aSCOCs o.c\ «<.u'v\o.0)a.c 6 e\s's)aleieisreetane

Calpazia vermicularis, Pasc0€.......2sseereescevece

atrephis pannasus, Pascoe ....s-sevessesccesesccs

solVosertus\ tibialis: Pascoe. 1s,<'s\s10s: <2 016) eolveis seine

Pachylocerus plumiferus, Pascoe ......++-.s00 eeeee

Deuteromma callidioides, Pascoe.....secceeesccscees

Aconodes montanus, FE aSCOe «<ccce ss ac ovis oe ovlsniciiat

Entelopes ioptera, Pascoe........ a6 eye. ep © ove haha nt aetone

Ectatosia Moorei, Pascoe ...06..00s0s0secesccannes

. Stylops Spencii, Westw., and details ...........20.05

Stylops aterrimus, Newport, and details ......0...ss0e

. Stylops Trimmerana, Smith, and details ........+ee0.-

. Stylops Childreni, Griffiths, and details .... - Setciches oene

- Head and thorax of Stylops Mellitte, Kirby ....... on

Head and antenne of Stylops Dalii, Curtis ..........

- Arrhenotus Wallacei, Pascoe ....ceccecseccees eee

« Drtopea clytina, Pascoe << ws. 0s sees on AOS oe Srciehtc

Merionada scitella, Pascoe ....+2ee+s aap steers oe eit

176

173

178

173

175

182

186

188

100

104

110

111

107

108

109

118

117

116

117

242

244

238

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. XI

Pare. Fic. PAGE

4. Acalolepta-pusio, Pascoe coe. cececesecccscrcessssee 247

5. Phlyarus basalis, Pascoe o.e.eesesscvcrecccccecscee 240

. Gyaritus hamatus, Pascoe 21+... ceeceerovescesess 244

- Cylindrepomus comis, Pascoe .+.2-eeeccesee sovesee 241

. Anomasia fulvida, Pascoe ...... ee|cie!o/e) mistake) ofetsleielalelenaeaGn

EWolentliterata, Paxcoe se 2d ves taenveston ewe eea ce aoe

- Synelasma bufo, Pascoe ....++....0% Se bcondgace wee 248

- Moron distigma, Pascoe ....0+++.... slataeuster eye Delsarte

» Ocalemia vigilans, Pasco€ .....02200..ce0eeessee-+ 200

~ Ropica piperata, Pascoe’. voccceos ccs ss cncescenes 240

Dorcastavcrasstconnts, Paste ss cc vic-+ clue s'c.e.0ic0 sivas oo DOA

- Capnolymma Stygia, Pascoe ..+.sececeercecccerese 2060

Bumetopia oscitans, Pascoe s=.0« 0s cv.c.c +6 00 sic ae cone t2De

- Dasyo lineata, Pascoe .. 0.222 cccevccescenssoencss 204

Doryphora trivittata cecssscececerccscccsccvecess O40

XXVI.

aAuonrwonre OO NOD

~~]

XXVII.

. Leptinotarsa signatipennis ........ eialainllatselals| eel loving ODS

ae DON DON GE ALESEU se clnilainlereia o\ats/s) sol leloia, Peleielwiersiatalalien OAS

Doryphora mirabilis ....eesscccccccersccceserrecee O41

. Elytrospha@ra vittatd....eeeesseeces Seis ncomcoodeo ell)

DO Pm CD = ©

« Doryphora Sheppardi ...eccoesscoreceveveccscvees 340

7. Doryphora catenulata, var. A... ++ see SBocndocccan 2S

8. Doryphora subglobosa ....0++++2. Cevcccccccccccces 346

9b. Cryptostetha marmorata, details of ....++ceeesssses 349

XXVIII. 1—16. Illustrations of the parasitism of the genus Conops within

the bodies of species of the genera Pompilus and Ody-

(TE ARID DOOD DOOR OUND OC DO COOO SoIGOCOOUDOOO Tt aaah

( xiii)

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY.

FROM THE Isr JANUARY, 1856, TO THE 3lsr DECEMBER, 1857.

Athenzum. 1856 and 1857.

BARTHELEMY, M., Carabe d’ Agassiz.

BERENDT, Dr. G. C., Die im Bernstein befindlichen organischen Reste der

Vorwelt. Vol. I., Parts ‘and 2; Vol. IL., Part 1.

BouemAn, C. H., Monographia Cassididarum. Tome III.

BuRMEISTER, Dr. H., Kritische Bemerkungen tber M. S. Merian Metamor-

phoses Insectorum Surinamensium.

x3 Untersuchungen tiber die Flugeltypen der Coleopteren.

CHEVROLAT, A., Description de Douze Espéces de Longicorns des vieux Calabar,

a la Céte occidentale d’ Afrique.

Daas, W.S., Elements of Entomology. Nos. 1—15.

5 A Natural History of the Animal Kingdom.

Dovua.as, J. W., The World of Insects.

FRAUENFIELD, G., Ueber Raymondia nebst Beschreibung zwein Arten derselben.

Die Linsengallen der Osterreichischen Eichen.

”

Hewitson, W.C., Exotic Butterflies. Parts 17—24

Hoag, J., on the Distribution of certain Species of Fresh Water Fish, &c.

HoiMAREN, Entomologiska Anteckningar under en Resa i Sidra Sverige ar 1854.

Insecta Britannica, Diptera. Vol. III.

Saundersiana—Diptera. Part V.

JEKEL, H., Fabricia Entomologia. Supplement to Part 1 and Pait 2.

Karscu, Dr., Zur Flora Westphalens.

Kinanan, J. R., Habits, &c., of Marine Crustacea, on the Eastern Shores of

Australia, &c.

Kirgy AND SPENCE, Introduction to Entomology. 7th edition.

Ko.EnAtt, Dr., Eine neue Oesterreichische Phryganea.

Eine neue maheische Nycteribia.

”?

LACORDAIRE, Th., Genera des Coléoptéres. Tome III.

XIV ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY.

List of Specimens of British Ichneumonide in the Collection of the British Museum.

Coleopterous Insects of Madeira in the Collection of the

British Museum.

Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum.

Heterocera. Parts V.—XII.

Literary Gazette. 1856 and 1857.

Lithocolletis tenella, engraving on steel of.

Natural History Review. 1856 and 1857.

NEwMaAN, E., Address delivered at the Anniversary Meeting of the Entomological

Society of London, January 28th, 1856.

NrEetNneER, John, Descriptions of New Ceylon Coleoptera. Nos. 1—4.

NYLANDER, W., Genus Familie Apidarum Heriades, quod Synopsi Monogra-

phica exposuit.

PERROUD, B. P., Mélanges Entomologiques. Part 3.

Report of the Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1851. (Third.)

Report of the Committee on the ‘‘ Cane-borer,” by Prof. Bojer.

Report of United States Patent Office (Agriculture, 1854).

Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 1855.

RUSCHENBERGER, Dr., Notice of the Origin, &c., of the Academy of Natural

Sciences at Philadelphia.

SAussuRE, H. de, Nouvelles Considérations sur la Nidification des Guépes.

SMITHSONIAN Contributions to Knowledge. Vol. VIII.—IX.

Report of Board of Regents.

SocIETIES—ANNALES, MEMOIRES, TRANSACTIONS, &C.

Académie Impériale des Sciences, &c. de Lyon, Mémoires, &. Tome VI.

Academia Real de Ciencias de Madrid, Memorias, &c. 1852—1853.

Académie Royale des Sciences, &c. de Belgique, Mémoires, &c. 1856,

1857.

Akademie Konigliche Bayerischen Abhandlungen XVII. Pt.3. Almanack,

1855.

Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Proceedings. Vol. VIII.

Nos. 1—6.

Berwickshire Naturalist’s Club, Anniversary Address, 1856, 1857.

Proceedings, Vol. III. No. 7.

Boston Natural Ehetry Society, Proceedings, &c. 1855, 1856.

Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool, Proceedings. Nos. 10—11.

Société Impériale d’Agriculture, &c. de Lyon. Annales, &c. Tome VII.

Tre partie.

Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, Jubilé Semi-Séculaire, 28th

Dec. 1855. Bulletin, 1855, Nos. 2—4. 1856, No. 1.

Société Linnéenne de Lyons, Annales. Tome II.

Société de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle de Genéve, Mémoires. Tome

XIV. Ire partie. ?

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY. XV

SOCIETIES—ANNALES, MEMOIRES, TRANSACTIONS, &c.—continued.

Society of Arts, Journal of. 1856, 1857.

Society, Linnean, Anniversary Address, 1855.

35 List of Fellows. 1855, 1856,

* Proceedings. 1856, 1857.

" Transactions. Vol. XXI.,Part4; Vol. XXII., Part 1.

Society, Ohio State Agricultural Reports. 1850—1855.

Society, Royal, Proceedings. Vol. VI1. Nos. 16—27.

Society, Royal, of Van Diemen’s Land, Papers and Proceedings of, Vol.

LE, Part 1: :

Tasmanian Contributions to the Universal Exhibition of Industry

at Paris,

Society, Royal Agricultural, Journal of. Vol. XVI., Part 2; XVII., Parts

1,2; XVIII., Part 1.

Society, Zoological of London, Proceedings. Nos. 299—338.

ey a Reports of Council. 1852—1855.

a me Transactions. Vol. IV., Part 4.

Stettin Entomologische Zeitung. 1855, 1856, 1857.

», Linnea Entomologica. Band X.—XI.

Zoolozisch Botanischen Vereins in Wein. Verhandlungen. Band V.—VI.

A Bericht -iber die Oesterreichische Literatur der Zoologie, Bo-

tanik und Palzontologie aus den Jahren 1850—1853.

Stainton, H. T., Entomologist’s Annual, 1856, 1857.

rF The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer. Nos. 1—62.

i A Manual of British Butterflies and Moths. Nos. 1—14.

A Natural History of the Tineina. Vol. II.

+ The Substitute, 1856, 1857.

Sturm, Dr. J., Deutschland’s Fauna, Die Insecten. Vol. XXIII.

SwAMMERDAM, Historia Insectorum Generalis.

WottastTon, T. V., on the Variation of Species.

Zoologist, 1856, 1857.

CPivie®)

ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTIONS.

FROM THE Isr JANUARY, 1856, TO THE 3lsr DECEMBER, 1857.

Mr. O. P. Cambridge ..Acidalia degeneraria, four specimens ; Heliothis dipsucea.

four specimens.

Mr. T. D. Croker...-.. A cabinet of British and Foreign Insects of various orders.

Dr. Livingstone ...... Various insects taken in the interior of Africa.

Mr. W. Spence ...... Various minute species of Coleoptera from Ceylon.

Mr. J. Weston...-....A specimen of Belostoma ?

ERRATA.

TRANSACTIONS.

Page 34, line 12 from top, for ‘‘ Helocypris,” read ‘ Halocypris.”

See al a for ‘‘in,” read ‘‘on.”’

Si aS TLIC H3 for “‘punctata,” read ‘‘ punctato.”

er 4oN ae lo sf dele (PI. XVI. fig. 3).

yy 9p pp 22.0 * g, ~—— after “* Serivia modesta,” add “(Pl XVI. fig. 8).”

pe AT aD * for ‘corrugatd,” read ‘ corrugato.”

50, in description of the figures, Pl. XVI., for ‘ Serixia apicalis,’

“¢ Serixia modesta.”

95, line 6 from top, for “ lateral,” read “ last.”

LOZ a 1S BS for “ fascia,” read ‘‘ fascia.”

LOA ae. sd a for ©‘ atro-maculata vel lineati,’’ read ‘ atro-maculato

vel lineato.’’

3, 108. 5c 5 for ‘‘ionoptera,” read ‘‘ioptera.”

» 109 ,,18 3 for ‘‘ evidently,” read ‘‘ probably.”

», 289 ,, 3 from bottom, for “viridi-luteus,” read “ viridi-luteis.”

», 248 ,, 7 from top, after ‘ Ropica piperata,” add ‘(Pl. XXVI. fig. 4.)”

Haye ks » after ‘ Ropica posticalis,” omit “ (Pl. XXVI. fig. 4).”

» 256 ,, 2 from bottom, for ‘‘ excepto,’ read “ exceptd.”

», 264 ,, 2from top, for ‘ post-sternal,” read ‘‘ meso-sternal.””

5 200% 338 a - for “ (Pl. XXII. fig. 6)” read ‘‘ (Pl. XXVI. fig. 6).”

,», in Description of the Figures, Pl. XXVI. fig. 4, instead of * Ropica

posticalis,”’ read ‘‘ Ropica piperata; and at fig. 5, instead of

“ Phlyarus basalis,” read ‘“ Dorcasta crassicornis.”’

read

JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS.

Page 13, line 11 from bottom, for ‘ third,” read “ first.”

“Ph eR apy aed ss for ‘“‘ Baley and Lomback,” read “ Bali and Lom-

bock.”’

oe07> 3-26 af for ‘“* brachypterus,” read “ trachypterus.”

,’

24 * for ‘ brachypterus,” read ‘‘trachypterus.”

Hist of Members

THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON,

OCTOBER, 1858.

VOL. IV. N.S. PL. 1X.—DeEc. 1858. b

LIST OF MEMBERS

THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON.

HONORARY MEMBERS.

Wonorary English Member.

WILLIAM SPENCE, Esq., F.R.S. F.L.S. 18, Lower Seymour Street, Portman

Square.

Honorary sforeign sfAembers.

Epwarps, M. Milne. Le Musée d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris.

Gravenhorst, Prof. J. L. C. Breslau, Silesia.

Hammerschmidt, Herr L.

Kollar, Herr. Royal Museum, Vienna.

Lefebvre, M. Alexandre. Bouchevilliers, prés Gisors, Département de I’ Eure.

Pictet, Professor J.C. Geneva.

Zeller, Professor P. C. Gross-Glogau, Silesia.

Zetterstedt, Professor J. W., Ph. D., &c. University of Lund.

(Two vacant. )

C cxIe .)

ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS.

Date of

Election.

1856

1849

1858

1855

1856

1857

1850

1849

1854

1851

1849

S.f

Marked * are Original Members.

Marked + have compounded for their Annual Subscriptions.

Marked S. are Subscribers.

Apams, Ernest, Esq. 3, Great Camden Street, Camden Town.

Allis, T. H., Esq. York.

Allchin, W. H., Esq. 7, Pembridge Villas, Bayswater.

Ansell, Henry, Esq. Tottenham.

Armytage, Edward, Esq. 4, Grove End Road, St. John’s Wood.

Atkinson, W. 8., Esq. La Martiniére, Calcutta.

Babington, C. C., Esq., M.A., F.L.S., F.G.S. St. John’s College,

Cambridge.

Bakewell, R., Esq. Finchley Road, St. John’s Wood.

Baly, J. S., Esq. 4, Francis Terrace, Kentish Town.

Barlow, F., Esq. Cambridge.

Beale, Rev. 8. E. Tress. Alkham, near Dovor.

Beaumont, Alfred, Esq. Huddersfield.

Bedell, G., Esq. 10, Gloster Terrace, Old Kent Road.

Bell, Thomas, Esq., Pres. L.S. F.G.S. 17, New Broad Street, and

Selborne, Hants.

Bell, William, M.D. 19, Sackville Street.

Biggs, C. J., Esq. Blenheim Cottages, South Hackney.

Birt, Jacob, Esq. 30, Sussex Gardens, Hyde Park.

Bladon, J., Esq. Pont-y-pool.

Bond, F., Esq. 24, Cavendish Road, St. John’s Wood.

Boot, Alfred, Esq. 16, Park’ Row, Greenwich.

Bowerbank, J. S., Esq., F.R.S.F.G.S. F.L.S. 3, Highbury Grove.

Boyd, Thomas, Esq. 17, Clapton Square.

Braikenridge, Rev. G. W. Broomwell House, Brislington.

Brown, Edwin, Esq. Burton-on-Trent.

Brown, H. W., Esq. Royal Military College, Sandhurst.

Burlington, W., Earlof, M.A. F.R.S.F.G.S. 10, Belgrave Square.

Burnell, E. H., Esq. 32, Bedford Row.

Buxton, E. C., Esq. Darsbury Hall, Warrington.

Cambridge, Rev. O. P. Bloxworth House, Blandford, Dorset.

Canham, G. W., Esq. 28, Osborn Terrace, Clapham Road.

Challis, C. E., Esq. 2, Old Cambridge Terrace, South Lambeth.

Charlesworth, E., Esq. York.

Date of

Election.

1848

1850

1849

1853

1857

1854

1849

*”

1849

1852

1857

1855

1851

1845

1857

1849

1851

1853

1838

1858

1855

1853

1849

1857

1853

1857

Ti,

ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS.

Christie, Arthur, Esq. 9, Stanhope Street, Hyde Park.

Clark, Rev. Hamlet, M. A. Red Lion Square.

Cooke, Henry, Esq. 8, Pelham Terrace, Brighton.

Cox, Capt. Charles James. Fordwich House, near Canterbury.

Croker, T. F. D., Esq. 6, Strand.

Dale, Wm. C., Esq. 31, Gordon Square.

Dallas, W.S., Esq., F.L.S. Museum, York.

Darwin, Charles, Esq., M.A. F.R.S. Down, near Bromley, Kent.

Dawson, John, Esq. Carron, near Falkirk, Stirlingshire.

Dawson, Rev. J. F., LL.B. The Woodlands, near Bedford.

Desvignes, Thomas, Esq. Fir Tree Cottage, Woodford.

Digby, H. S., Esq. Finstanton, St. Ives, Hunts.

Dohrn, Herr C. A., Pres. Ent. Verein, Stettin.

Dossetor, T. P., Esq. 12, Poultry.

Doubleday, Henry, Esq. Epping.

Douglas, J. W., Esq. 6, Kingswood Place, Lee, Kent.

Drakeford, Rev. D. J. Chewton Mendip, Somersetshire.

Drury, C. D., Esq. Grotes Buildings, Blackheath.

Dunning, J. W., Esq. Elmwood Lodge, Leeds.

Dutton, James, Esq. Hammersmith.

Evans, Henry, Esq. Darley Abbey, near Derby.

Evans, W. F., Esq. Admiralty.

Fennings, George, Esq. Lloyds.

Francis, Horace, Esq. 38, Upper Bedford Place, Russell Square.

Fry, Alexander, Esq. West Green, Tottenham.

Garland, John, Esq., F.L.S. Dorchester.

Gear, Robert, Esq. 19, Oxford Square.

Gloyne, C. P., Esq. 5, Terrace, Kensington.

Goderich, Viscount, M.P. F.L.S. &c. Carlton Gardens.

Gorham, H., Esq. 9, Hornton Terrace, Kensington.

Gould, J., Esq., F.R.S. F.L.S. F.Z.S. 20, Broad Street, Golden

Square.

Grant, Dr. Richmond, Surrey.

Gray, John, Esq. Wheatfield House, near Bolton-le- Moors.

Gray, J. E., Esq., Ph.D. F.R.S. President, British Museum.

Greene, Rev. Joseph. Brandeston, near Woodbridge, Suffolk.

Groves, W., Esq. 12, Morden Place, Lewisham Road.

Grut, F., Esq. 9, King Street, Southwark.

Guyon, G., Esq. Ventnor, Isle of Wight, and Richmond, Surrey.

Haliday, Alex. H., Esq. 23, Harcourt Street, Dublin.

Hamilton, Major T. India.

Hanson, Samuel, Esq. Botolph Lane, and Epsom.

Hearsey, Major General John Bennet. _ India.

Hewitson, W. C., Esq. Oatlands, near Esher, Surrey.

Horsfield, Thomas, M.D. F.R.S. F.L.S. F.G.S. M.R.A.S. East

India House, and 29, Chalcot Villas, Camden Town.

Hunter, John, Esq. 24, Bloomsbury Street.

Date of

Election.

1843

1853

—

lo 2}

—)

~ +

—

lop)

_—

mss

+ Dn DADnA DD

ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS. XXi

Janson, E. W., Esq., Secretary. 61, Gracechurch Street.

Jekel, M. Henri. Paris.

Jenyns, Rev. L., M.A. F.L.S. F.G.S. Upper Swainswick, near

Bath.

Jones, J. M., Esq. Welshpool, Montgomeryshire.

Knaggs, H. S., Esq., M.D. 1, Malden Place, Camden Town.

Kuper, Rev. C. Trellich, Monmouth.

Lea, J. W., Esq. Augusta Terrace, Ramsgate.

Lee, John, L.L.D. F.R.S. F.S.A. F.R.A.S. Hartwell House, Ayles-

bury.

Lewis, G., Esq. 6, Kidbrook Place, Blackheath.

Lingwood, R. M., Esq., M.A. F.L.S. F.G.S. Lyston, near Ross,

Herefordshire.

Lodder, Capt. H., 47th Infantry. Malta.

Logan, R.F., Esq. Hawthornbrae, Duddingstone, near Edinburgh.

Lowe, Dr. Balgreen, Slateford, near Edinburgh.

Lubbock, John, Esq. High Elms, Farnborough, Kent.

M'‘Intosh, J., Esq. Bridge Road, Hammersmith.

M‘Lachlan, Robert, Esq. 1, Park Road Terrace, Forest Hill.

Marshall, William, Esq. Springfield, Upper Clapton.

Meade, R. H., Esq. Bradford, Yorkshire.

Melly, Charles P., Esq. Liverpool.

Mitford, R. H., Esq. Haverstock Place, Hampstead.

Moore, F., Esq. 4, Molesworth Place, Kentish Town.

Murray, Alexander, Esq. Shenley, Herts.

Newman, Edward, Esq., F.L.S. F.Z.S. M.Imp.L.C.Acad. 7, York

Grove, Peckam.

Owen, Richard, Esq., M.D. L.L.D. F.R.S. F.L.S. F.G.S. British

Museum.

Parry, F. J. S., Esq., F.L.S. Steyne, Worthing.

Pascoe, F. P., Esq., F.L.S. Campden Hill, Kensington,

Pickersgill, J. C., Esq. 386, Gordon Square.

Preston, T. A., Esq. Emanuel College, Cambridge.

Quin, C. W., Esq. 25, Clarence Street, Islington.

Reading, J. J., Esq. 11, Ham Street, Plymouth.

Robinson, E. W., Esq. 42, Harmood Street, Kentish Town.

Salt, G. M., Esq. Shrewsbury.

Sang, John, Esq. High Row, Darlington.

Saunders, S. S., Esq. Albania.

Saunders, W. F., Esq. Hill Field, Reigate.

Saunders, W. W., Esq., F.R.S. F.L.S., &c. Hill Field, Reigate.

Saussure, M. H. F. de. Geneva.

Sealy, A. F., Esq. 70, Trumpington Street, Cambridge.

Scott, John, Esq. South Stockton, Stockton-on-Tees.

Shepherd, Edwin, Esq., Secretary. 176, Fleet Street.

Shepherd, James, Esq. Brown Street, Blackburn.

Sheppard, Augustus F., Esq. Kingston, Surrey.

XXil

Date of

Election.

1851

1852

1853

1850

1848

1858

1837

1856

1854

1841

1853

1854

1850

1856

1853

1845

1838

1853

1854

1850

1849

1854

1850

1858

1850

1845

1855

1839

1849

1853

1843

1856

1851

Sg Salad

ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS.

Sheppard, Major E., F.L.S. Kingston, Surrey.

Sheppard, Edward, Esq. 5, Ladbroke Place, Notting Hill.

Signoret, M. Victor. Paris.

Smith, Frederick, Esq. British Museum.

Spence, W. B., Esq. Florence.

Stainton, H. T., Esq. Mountsfield, Lewisham.

Stevens, Joseph, Esq. Upper Richmond Road, Wandsworth.

Stevens, S., Esq., F.L.S., Treasurer. 24, Bloomsbury Street.

Syme, John T., Esq. 12, Gordon Street, Gordon Square.

Tapping, Thomas, Esq. 43, Gloster Place, Kentish Town.

Tatum, T., Esq. 8, George Street, Hanover Square.

Tebbs, H. V., Esq. Southwood Hall, Highgate.

Thompson, Miss. Barn Hill, Stamford.

Thompson, Thomas, Esq. Hull.

Thomson, James, Esq. 23, Rue de l Université, Paris.

Thomson, William, Esq., F.L.S. 11, Dartmouth Villas, Forest

Hill, Sydenham.

Thurnell, Charles, Esq. Duxford, Cambridgeshire.

Thwaites, G. R. H., Esq. Ceylon.

Tompkins, H., Esq. 44, Guildford Street, Russell Square.

Turner, J. A., Esq., M. P. Cross Street, Manchester.

Tweedy, J. Newman, Esq. 47, Montague Square.

Vaughan, P. H., Esq. Redland, near Bristol.

Vines, Mrs. Lyndhurst.

Wailes, George, Esq. Newcastle-on-Tyne.

Walker, John, Esq. Chesterfield.

Walker, Francis, Esq., F.L.S. The peer. Highgate.

Wallace, Alexander, Esq., M.D. Bembridge, Isle of Wight.

Walton, John, Esq., F.L.S. Byard’s Lodge, Knaresborough.

Ward, S. Nevill, Esq. Hon. E. I. C. Civil Service, Madras.

Waring, S. L., Esq. The Oaks, Norwood.

Waterhouse, G. R., Esq., F.Z.S. British Museum.

Weir, J. J., Esq. 6, Haddo Villas, Blackheath.

Were, R. B., Esq. 35, Osborne Terrace, Clapham Road.

Westwood, J. O., Esq., F.L.S., &c. Taylor Institute, Oxford.

White, Adam, Esq. British Museum.

Wilkinson, 8. J., Esq. 7, Jeffrey’s Square, St. Mary, Axe.

Winter, John N., Esq. Montpelier Road, Brighton.

Wollaston, T. V., Esq., M.A. F.L.S. 10, Hereford Street, Park

Lane.

Yatman, J. V., Esq. 2, Bombay Place, Amersham Park, New

Cross. +

Zuchold, Ernst, A. Halle, Prussia.

Date of

CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.

INSTITUTED NOV. 5ru, 1838.

Election.

1842

1844

1846

1847

1849

1850

1854

1839

1844

1852

1839

1850

1846

1841

1839

1847

1849

1844

1846

1848

Boys, Capt. India.

Buonaparte, Prince Lucien.

Barnston, George, Esq. Hudson’s Bay.

Blagrove, Lieut. Thomas. 26th Bengal Infantry.

Bowman, John, Esq. Bombay.

Brain, T. H., Esq., Principal of Sydney College, New South Wales.

Bowring, J. C., Esq. Hong Kong.

Bowring, L. B., Esq. Bancoorah, near Burdwall, Bengal.

Blair, Daniel, Esq. Surgeon-General, British Guiana.

Bach, Herr M. Boppard-on-the- Rhine.

Bates, H. W. South America.

Cantor, Dr.

Costa, Signor Achille. Naples.

Chiaga, Signor Stephano Della. Naples.

Cox, F., Esq. Van Diemen’s Land.

Downes, Mr. Ezra.

Dalton, H. G., Esq. George Town, Demerara.

Elliott, Walter, Esq. Madras.

Fraser, Louis, Esq. H.M. Vice-Consul, Whidah.

Griffith, W., Esq,

Gilbert, G. A., Esq.

Gray, W. Esq. St. Petersburg.

Goding, F., Esq., M.D. Barbadoes.

Harris, Dr. Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.

Layard, F. P., Esq. Bengal Infantry.

Layard, EK. L., Esq.

Leconte, Major. New York.

Low, Hugh, Esq. Labuan.

XXiv LIST OF CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.

Date of

Election.

1839 M‘Lelland, J., Esq. Calcutta.

1846 Pope, John, Esq. Hong Kong.

1846 Peters, Francis, Esq. Zanzibar.

1839 Schomburgh, Sir R.

1839 Sayers, Lieut.

1842 Stevenson, —.

1846 Smith, Dr. G. Madras.

1849 Thomas, Grant, Esq. Barbadoes.

1841 Wiegand, Sir F.

1845 Wilkinson, Sir J. Gardner.

1847 Wilson, C. A., Esq. Adelaide, South Australia.

1849 Wallcott, R. B., Esq., M.D. Barbadoes.

1854 Wallace, A. R.

1841 Younger, Lieut. John Robertson.

TRANSACTIONS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

LONDON.

I. Descriptions of the Species of the Australian Lamellicorn

Genus Cryptodus. By J.O. Westwoop, Esq., F.L.S.,

&e.

[Read 7th January, 1856.]

THE interest always attached to anomalous forms will doubtless

be considered a sufficient reason for my troubling the Society

with the following descriptions of the species of the genus Cryp-

todus of Mac Leay, belonging to the Lamellicorn Coleoptera, and

which has been well observed to be the most singular of all the

Petalocerous groups, as may, indeed, be easily imagined from its

having been arranged in the several families T'rogide, Cetoniide and

Dynastide, to which last-named group it appears to me unquestion-

ably to belong, as I have endeavoured to prove in an article pub-

lished in the fourth volume of the first series of our Transactions

(p.19). The genus was founded upona single species significantly

named Cr. parodoxus by Mac Leay; and in the memoir above

referred to I added a second species, differing from the type in

the number of the joints of its antennze (C. Tasmannianus, op. cit.

p- 21). Short descriptions were subsequently published by Dr.

Germar of two more species; and I have now the pleasure to

describe several additional species.

VOL. IV. N.S. PART I.-—JULY, 1856. B

2 Mr. J.O. Westwood’s Descriptions of the Species

Section A. Antenne 9-articulate. Ungues pedum anticorum in

mare simplices, equales. (Cryptodus stricte sic dictus.)

Sp. 1. Cryptodus paradoxvus, Mac L.

“‘C, ater, punctis impressis, scaber, capite bituberculato, elytris

inter strias elevatas punctis excavatis, cum aliis minutissimis

ornatis.”’ Mace. L.

Habitat in Australasia. Mus. D. Mac Leay.

The above is the whole of Mr. Mac Leay’s description of this

species, so that we are unable to determine satisfactorily whether

it is identical with the following insect, with which, however, the

peculiar punctation of the elytra, as described by Mac Leay, exactly

corresponds.

Sp. 2. Cryptodus variolosus, White. (PI. 1. fig. 1.)

*“C. convexus, fuscus, varioloso-punctatus, capite distinctius

bituberculato, elytris obsolete tricostatis dense varioloso-

punctatis.” Mas etfem. Burm.

Long. corp. lin. 8—9.

Habitat in Australia. Mus. Brit. Hope, Saunders, &c.

Cr. variolosus, White in Gray’s Journ., ii. 460.

Cr. paradoxus ? Westwood in Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 1, vol. iv.

p- 22, tab. 2, fig. 1 2.

Cr. paradoxus, Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent. v. 145.

The obscure brown colour of this insect seems to indicate it as

specifically distinct from Mr. Mac Leay’s species above noticed ;

the peculiar punctation of the elytra, namely, variolose dots, with

very minute punctures interspersed, is a peculiar character of the

insect before us, and agrees with Mac Leay’s description. The

short broad subdepressed form of the body, the large subquadrate

head, the legs destitute of hairs, the 9-jointed antennz with a

large obconic basal joint, and the two spines at the base of the

mentum, are also distinctive characters.

Sp. 3. Cryptodus piceus, Germ. (PI. I. fig. 2.)

*C, mento basi emarginato, antennis 9-articulatis, piceus, tho-

race lateribus rotundato, confertim grosse punctato postice

profunde canaliculato, elytris convexioribus, grosse punctatis,

dorso subsulcatis.” Germ.

Long. corp. lin. 73.

Habitat Adelaida, Nove Hollandiz.

Cryptodus piceus, Germ. in Linn. Ent, iii. p. 190.

of the Australian Lamellicorn Genus Cryptodus. 3

The small rounded head, the very convex prothorax and elytra,

and the chesnut colour, at once distinguish the insects which I

have received from Adelaide, and regard as belonging to this

species of Germar, from the preceding insect with which they

agree in their 9-jointed antenne, and in having the base of the

mentum bituberculated (‘mentum latum confertim punctatum,

basi emarginatum,” is Germar’s description of this organ); the

basal joint of the antenne is gradually dilated to the apex, which

has the outer angle rounded. The sides of the prothorax are

rounded, but the base is considerably wider than the anterior part

(contrary to the description of Germar—* basi et apice fere equa-

liter angustatis.”) ‘The suture and three costz on each elytron

are slightly elevated, each being margined with a slight sulcation,

in which is a row of punctures, the interstices being also subsul-

cated with rows of irregular punctures, nearly agreeing in size

with those of the sulci at the sides of the cost. This character

disagrees with Germar’s description—‘ elytrorum punctis grossis

seriatim digestis, approximatis, interstitiis in dorso convexius-

culis subtiliter et remcte seriatim punctatis.”” Notwithstanding

this disagreement, I consider my Adelaide specimens to be iden-

tical with Germar’s C. piceus; but should future discoveries prove

them to be distinct, the specific name C. convexicollis would well

indicate the insect represented in Plate I. fig. 2.

One specimen received from Adelaide is about two-thirds of

a line longer than that figured in Plate I.; it is also somewhat

more glossy and convex, with stronger punctures on the prothorax

and elytra; the latter with the three cost on the elytra not so well

defined ; the abdomen beneath without impressed lines, and the

sides of the prothorax narrowed from the middle to the hind

angles, making this part of the body more rounded, and thus more

nearly agreeing with Germar’s description.

Section B. Antenne 10-articulatee. Ungues pedum anticorum in

mare inequales, uno intus bifido.

a. Prothorax antice haud tuberculo armatus. Elytra parum

aut vix sulcata, (Subgenus, Cryptodinus, Westw )

Sp. 4. Cryptodus Tasmannianus, Westw. (PI. I. fig. 3.)

Subdepressus, niger, nitidus, punctatus, capite obsoletius bitu-

berculato ; elytris obsolete tricostatis sparsius varioloso-

punctatis, mento basi truncato, articulo basali antennarum

angusto.

4 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions of the Species

Long. corp. lin. 9 —10.

Habitat in Terra Van Diemenii. Mus. Westw. &c.

Cryptodus Tasmannianus, Westw. Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 1, p. 21,

pl. 2, fig. 1, and details; and Proc. Ent. Soc. 5 July, 1841 ;

Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent. v. p. 144.

Cryptodus anthracinus, Erichson in Wiegmann, Arch. 1842, i.

p-; 161.

The brilliant jet black colour of this species is very character-

istic of it. The accompanying figure represents a specimen of

the ordinary size and form; there seems, however, to be con-

siderable difference in these respects in different individuals.

Thus Mr. Saunders possesses a specimen only nine and a half

lines long, proportionably much narrower, and with the sulcus of

the prothorax nearly effaced.

Sp. 5. Cryptodus politus, Westw. (PI. I. fig. 4.)

C. niger, nitidus, castaneo parum tinctus ; capite et prothorace

punctatis, punctis minutis et in parte antica media prothoracis

subobsoletis, hujus lateribus rotundatis; elytris tricostatis,

punctis ovalibus variolosis inter costas notatis, pygidio punc-

tis rotundis ; corpore infra nitido tenuissime punctato, mento

ad basin emarginato; antennis 10-articulatis, articulo basali

angusto, ad apicem parum dilatato recte truncato,

Long. corp. lin. 13.

Habitat in Australia. In Muszeo Hopeano, Oxonie.

This species, of which I have seen only a single individual, is

considerably larger than any of the others described in this paper ;

from its general appearance it might, at first sight, be considered

as a gigantic specimen of C. Tasmannianus, being, like it, very

glossy and lack, but with a slight tinge of chesnut. The head

is widened in front of the eyes; it is transverse, finely punctured,

with two tubercles on the crown. The antenne are 10-jointed,

the basal joint comparatively narrow, with the extremity ex-

tending beyond the insertion of the second joint, and slightly di-

lated at the tip, which is straightly truncated; the mentum is

rounded in front; the dise elevated, its middle being very slightly

depressed, marked with numerous fine transverse punctures, and

its base emarginate. ‘The prothorax has the sides rounded, the

base being wider than the anterior part. ‘The elytra are tricos-

tate, the interstices marked with irregular rows of oval punctures,

each surrounded with a delicate line. ‘The anterior tarsi, in the

unique specimen which I have examined, are short and thick, the

of the Australian Lamellicorn Genus Cryptodus. . 5

terminal joint produced into a point beneath the ungues, which

are unequal in size, the larger one being much bent, and armed

with a strong tooth near its base.

Sp. 6. Cryptodus Passaloides, Germ. (PI. I. fig. 5.)

*C. mento basi emarginato, antennis distincte 10-articulatis,

nigro-piceus, thorace acervatim grosse punctato, lateribus

antrorsum angustato ; elytris planis grosse punctatis, punctis

in disco seriatis.” Germar.

Long. corp. lin. 10.

Habitat in Australia, Adelaida, Wilson. Mus. Westwood.

Cryptodus Passaloides, Germar, in Linn. Ent. iii. p. 189.

Differs from C. Tasmannianus in its narrower from and dark

chesnut colour, in the more deeply punctured prothorax, and in

the mentum being emarginate at the base. The following is Ger-

mar’s detailed description of the species :—Caput longitudine

parum latius, confertim punctatum, vertice tuberculis duobus ob-

longis divaricatis, antice rotundatum, marginatum. Antenne

picez, articulo Imo trigono, funiculo 6-articulato clava triphylla.

Mentum trapezoidale punctatum, basi profunde emarginatum.

Thorax postice longitudine duplo latior, margine antico Jongitu-

dine vix latior, Jateribus a basi ad medium fere parallelis, a medio

ad apicem rotundato-angustatis, tenuiter marginatis punctis magnis

impressis pro parte raris remotis, pro parte magis acervatis obsitus,

medio late sed obsolete canaliculatus. Prosternum antico pro-

ductum, impressum, punctatum, apice subtruncatum. Elytra

thorace ter longiora, deplanata, profunde punctata, punctis dorsi

majoribus seriatis, linea circulari impressa signatis ; laterum cre-

brioribus inordinatis. Corpus subtus magis piceum, minus dense

punctatum.

The specimen represented in the accompanying figure was sent

to me from Adelaide by C. W. Wilson, Esq. ; it is of a rich glossy

dark chesnut colour. The two tubercles on the crown of the head

are slightly defined ; the tarsi are simple; the basal joint of the

antenne is gradually widened from the base to the extremity,

which is obliquely subtruncate ; the mentum has the sides strongly

deflexed, the middle of the disc very slightly depressed, and the

base divided into two acute points, with a semi-circular incision

between them. A specimen in the Hopean Collection, from Swan

River, is somewhat larger and broader than my specimen, but

otherwise agrees with it.

6 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions of the Species

b. (Sub-genus Cryptodellus, Westw.) Prothorax antice in medio

tuberculo armatus. Elytra sulcis numerosis, interstitiis

acute elevatis.

Sp. 7. Cryptodus (Cryptodellus) caviceps, Westw. (Plate I. fig. 6.)

C. obscure fusco-nigricans, punctatus, punctis luteo-setosis ;

capite magno semicirculari, margine acuto et recurvo, ver-

tice bituberculato ; prothoracis lateribus rotundatis, angulis

posticis acutis, margine antico in medio 1-tuberculato, postice

canaliculato, elytris multicostatis, mento postice acute appen-

diculato.

Long corp. lin. 8,

Habitat in Australia, Swan River. In Mus. Hop. Oxon.; et

nostr.

This very distinct species is of an obscure brownish black

colour, not shining, strongly punctate, the punctures oval, and

each bearing a short luteous seta in the middle ; the broad pro-

thorax and narrow elytra give the insect a parallel appearance ;

the head is large and semi-circular, the disc flat, with two small

but acute tubercles in the middle; the whole of the margin is

sharp and turned upwards ; the antennz are 10-jointed, the basal

joint is broad, with the inner apical angle rounded; the maxillz

have the outer Jobe very bent and acute at the tip, with a strong

acute tooth at its base; the inner lobe is small, obtuse at the tip,

with two slight impressions indicating a trifid structure ; the men-

tum is broad, the fore margin slightly emarginate in the middle,

the anterior angles rounded, and the base produced into a long

acute point, with the sides raised, extending over the jugulum,

nearly to the point of the prosternum. The prothorax is wide,

with the sides regularly rounded and slightly margined, the

hinder angles acute, the base slightly sinuated within the angles ;

the fore margin with a tubercle in the middle; the disc covered

with oval punctures, much larger than those of the head, and

the middle of the hind part of the disc is canaliculated. The

elytra are rather narrow, with the sides nearly straight, moderately

convex, each with eleven rows of round punctures, with the edges

not sharp, the row next the suture uniting with the second row

near the middle of the elytra; the interstices between these rows

of punctures are acutely ridged, each elytron having ten of these

ridges or smali coste, the lateral ones being less distinct, and the

top of each ridge is marked with a row of minute punctures,

bearing short luteous setae. The subapical tubercle is small, and

of the Australian Lamellicorn Genus Cryptodus. 7

the apex of the elytra irregularly and obscurely punctured. The

scutellum is semi-oval and scarcely punctured. The body beneath

is opake, with a few minute setigerous punctures. The fore tarsi,

in the few specimens I have examined, are simple. The proster-

num is dilated at its anterior margin ; its hind part is, however, in

no manner prominent.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES.

PLATE I.

(See descriptions of the species for their natural size.)

Fig. 1. Cryptodus variolosus (paradoaus?), magnified.

la, extremity of the abdomen; 16, mentum.

2. Cryptodus piceus, magnified.

2a, antenna; 2b, mentum, showing the tips of the labial palpi; 2c, ex-

tremity of abdomen.

3. Cryptodus Tasmannianus, magnified,

4. Cryptodus politus, natural size.

4a, antenna ; 4b, mentum ; 4c, last joint of anterior tarsus, and its

ungues.

5. Cryptodus Passaloides, magnified.

5a, antenna ; 3b, mentum seen from beneath ; 3c, ditto, seen sideways.

6. Cryptodus caviceps, magnified. i

6a, head seen from beneath ; 6b, mandible ; 6c, maxilla seen from

above; 6d, maxilla seen obliquely ; 6e, mentum seen sideways ;

6 fandg. antenna seen in different positions; 6h, extremity of

elytra and abdomen seen sideways; 6i, extremity of abdomen seen

from beneath the podex extending beyond the terminal ventral seg-

ment,

8 Mr. Lubbock

II. On some Entomostraca collected by Dr. SuTHERLAND, in

the Atlantic Ocean. By Joun Lussock, Esq. F.G.S.

{Read January 7th, 1856.]

Dr. SutHERLAND, already so well known for his labours in the

Arctic regions (having been appointed Government Surveyor at

Port Natal), employed some of his time during the voyage there

in collecting Crustacea. The Entomostraca thus obtained have

been submitted to me by Dr. Gray, and I beg leave to lay before

the Entomological Society the result of my examination.

The collection contains thirty-five species, of which twenty-three

are new, Viz. :—

Calanus inconspicuus.

»» penicillatus.

oo latins:

»» brevicornis.

3» mirabilis.

Eucheta Atlantica.

a Sutherlandii.

Undina Dane.

»» longipes.

», plumosa.

» Helene.

»» pulchra.

Diaptomus dubius.

% abdominalis.

Pontella setosa.

Clytemnestra Atlantica.

Coryczeus Sutherlandii.

oe styliferus.

Copilia Atlantica.

Sapphirina Dane.

33 opaca.

is stylifera.

Halocypris Atlantica.

The proportion of new species, though large, is not more than

might be expected if it is considered how little attention has

hitherto been given to marine Entomostraca. At the same time it

on some new Entomostraca. 9

must be confessed that future researches may perhaps prove that

the two sexes of one species have been separately described, for

the generic descriptions are founded on characters which differ in

the two sexes; and it is impossible to distinguish in all cases a

female Undina from a Calanus, or a female Pontella from an

Acartia.

To avoid if possible this source of error, I have been very care-

ful in describing those parts which are generally considered to be

alike in both sexes, as, for instance, the organs of the mouth, the

natatory legs and the shape of the cephalothorax, and I do not

think any difficulty will be found in joining the two sexes when

both are known; at the same time, it is not certain that the

above-mentioned organs are alike in the two sexes of the same

species.

The characters upou which species are founded need perhaps

some remark, for the hairs are in most cases so variable that it is

rather startling to find them relied on in the Entomostraca as

affording excellent specific characters. However, the examination

of thousands of specimens has convinced Professor Dana that

such is the case, and the form and position of the hairs, and

especially of those on the terminal portion of the anterior antenne,

are as useful in the study of Hntomostraca as are the teeth in that

of Mammalia.

The normal number of hairs on each segment of the antenna of —

for instance—a Ca/anus is four, one on the middle of the anterior

margin, and at the apex, two anterior and one posterior. The

apical segment appears to offer an exception to this rule, but in

such cases the apical segment itself is either very minute or per-

haps has disappeared, so that the hairs belonging to two segments

are apparently collected on one. In confirmation of this, compare

the antennze of Diaptomus abdominals or Calanus inconspicuus

with that of C. brevicornis. C.penicillatus is remarkable for hav-

ing a pencil of hairs at the end of the anterior antenna. The

antenne are unequal, the longer one having eighteen, the shorter

only thirteen segments, and I consider the terminal tuft to be the

hairs which remain, although the segments to which they normally

belong have disappeared. I found it impossible to determine the

exact number of hairs, but convinced myself that there were more

at the apex of the shorter antenna than at that of the longer,

which in accordance with this theory ought to be the case.

It is much to be wished that we had some definite system of

nomenclature for the appendages and parts of appendages of

10 Mr. Lubbock

Crustacea. Professor Milne-Edwards has indeed proposed one in

the Annales des Sciences Naturelles for 1851, but unfortunately

it is only applicable to the decapods. The Calanide possess ten

or eleven pairs of appendages ; viz., first two pairs of antenne, then

a pair of mandibles, then three pairs which are generally applied to

the mouth, and then four or five pairs of natatory legs. Three

pairs are therefore wanting ; we may consider them to be those of

the first or ocular segment, and of the two posterior segments. I

subjoin a table showing the homologies of the genus Pontella, and

the names used by different observers. It must be observed that

Milne-Edwards appears to consider that the maxillz are wanting,

for in his Nat. des C. vol. ili. p. 418, he says, “* Les machoires

paraissent manquer complétement, ou se trouver reduites a ]’état

de simples vestiges ;” if this is the case, his ‘‘ Pates machoires de la

premiére paire ” belong to the seventh segment instead of to the

fifth ; and the missing appendages are those of the first, fifth and

sixth segments.

on some new Entomostraca.

66 yg

ae athe

46 pls

66 pug

sSarT ‘1g 3ST

spadiy[ixe yl

SEP “Aq pus

exe “Iq 38]

sa[qipue yn,

seuuayU Vy ‘Id pug

weuuaUuy “Ag IST

*woodan'T

“= Ble

= oie

66 pig

“pug

sSary ‘1g 4ST

6é pig

ef pug

BlIXeAy “4d 41

so/qipueyy

euusUy “Ad pug

euuaJUY “1g IsT

“SS8T

‘9uo0gdo INT

pcm (4

“Wp

“pag

«pug

sSary ‘Ag 3ST

spadupixe yy

[EXP

so[qipur yA,

weuuauy “Aq pug

weuuayuy “id 3sT

"ZS8I ‘uontpedxg

‘aueyg [ epodadog yoo) Sursojdxg *g paztug

Bpoor.ysg ‘e1s00pe[)

*Bo0RysSnID

VNVQG

> = WE

6s UIP

66 pls

ssa'yT ‘ig ST

& pig

66 pug

smeljoog ‘1g 1ST

SOM TPUSTN

sajnuuajuy

azeuuajUy

“6FSI

*BOBAJSOUL

“Oly YSU

‘qulvg

Ad Gasn SUNVN

pom. “2s

aay: “=e

7 ogs = St

igi okige 4.

"Ig Ja[ Bl ap sajeg

‘Iq awe “¢ ng

‘Iq dwg i ‘

‘Iq 19[ &] ap sattoyovw sajieg

sa[nqipue yy

“Id 9Wg el 9p soudayUy

‘Id 49] el op “uy

‘OFST

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12 Mr. Lubbock

The species which I have named Diaptomus dubius is one of

those intermediate forms whose place is very difficult to deter-

mine. It makes one link of a series which connects Pontella with

Calanus. There appear to be two such series, one of which con-

tains Hemicalanus calaninus, Da., H. tenuicornis, Da., and the

other the species which Dana has formed into the group Cala-

nopia, which he considers to be a subgenus of Pontella. Diapto-

mus dubius belongs to the latter group, but is, if I may use the

expression, on the Calanoid side of it. The absence of inferior

eyes, and the structure of the maxillipeds, are sufficient to prove

that it cannot be considered a‘ Pontella, while the structure of the

inferior antenne exclude it from Hemicalanus. I have been

obliged, therefore, to place it in Westwood’s genus Diaptomus,

although it resembles more nearly the species in Dana’s sub-

genus Calanopia. I am very averse to multiplying genera, but

** Calanopia’”’ appears to me to have far more claims to that rank

than ‘‘ Rhincalanus.” Many facts seem to favour the opinion that

there is no such thing as a well marked genus in Nature, but that

every intermediate form either does exist or may have existed in

Nature; and that to say that any group is well marked, is equi-

valent to saying that there are many forms with which we are

unacquainted. We may expect therefore that such species as D.

dubius will become more and more frequent as our knowledge

increases.

I have requested Dr. Baird to give me his opinion of the proper

place of this species. He considers that it belongs to his genus

Temora. It may be necessary to remind Naturalists that the

genus Calanus was founded by Leach on the Cyclops Finmarchi-

cus, which was both imperfectly known and incorrectly described.

Dr. Baird rectified the descriptions and, considering that the

falsity of Leach’s characters vitiated the genus, described it as

Temora Finmarchica. Even he, however, was only acquainted

with one sex, so that we had thus two genera founded on one

species, and that one very imperfectly known, The characters

given by Dr. Baird as those of Yemora (Calanus) Finmarchicus,

are those of a Jarge number of Entomostraca, and Dana con-

sidered that by the rules of the British Association Leach’s name

ought to be used. Although I regret to be obliged to difter from

my much respected friend Dr. Baird, I feel myself obliged to come

to the same conclusion as Professor Dana. Now, however, Dr. Baird

considers that we have become acquainted in this species ( Diapto-

mus dubius) with both sexes of Temora, and that the characters

must accordingly be altered. Lilgeborg in his excellent work “On

——

on some new E-ntomostraca. 13

the Entomostraca of Sweden,” * has expressed a similar opinion,

and gives the characters of Temora, as follows :—‘‘ Caput a thorace

quinque annulato disjunctum, unum annulum prebens. Abdomen

thorace angustius, quatuor-sex articulis compositum. Antennz

secindi paris biramosz, ramo exteriore articulis septem composito.

Palpus mandibularum biramosus, vel appendice branchiali mem-

branacea et setifera preeditus. Maxille vel pedes maxillares

primi paris laminosz, lobulos plures setiferos, secundi paris breves

et crassze, processus plures setiferos, setis longis plumosis, antice

vergentibus, gerentes; tertii paris elongate pediformes, simplices

articulis sex composite, setiferze, antice vergentes. Ramus inte-

rior pedum primi paris inarticulatus, et secundi-quarti paris

biarticulatus. Pedes quinti paris antecedentibus dissimiles,

dexter maris subcheliformis. Oculus unicus. Sacculus oviferus

unicus.””

I may observe, however, firstly, that Professor Dana’s labours

have shown that the number of segments of the cephalothorax,

abdomen, and of the branches of the natatory legs, though useful

as specific characters, vary in species of the same genus; and,

secondly, that though we may think it probable that the right

male antenna of C. Finmarchicus may be prehensile, we do not

know that it is so. Lilgeborg’s Temora veloa appears to me to

belong to Westwood’s genus Diapltomus. If, when we are ac-

quinted with the male of Calanus Finmarchicus, we find that it

agrees generally with that of the species which I have named

Diaptomus dubius, it will become a question whether the genus

“ Diaptomus” will not have to be abandoned, as synonymous with

“ Calanus.” A new genus must, in that case, be formed for the

species described as Calani by Kroyer, Dana and myself.

I have observed spermatic tubes on Eucheta Atlantica, and

Undina longipes in one or two instances was furnished with two

or three small tubes about a quarter as long as the abdomen, and

with long thin necks. There are, perhaps, also spermatic tubes,

although I observed them on males. In the genus Coryceus there

are generally one or two bags attached to the upper side of the

abdomen, which may be of the same nature.

CaLANUS.

1, Setze antennarum anticarum apicales subapicalibus longiores.

A. Styli caudales curti.

* Om de inom Skane forekommande Crustaceer af ordinngarne Cladocera,

Ostracoda och Copepoda.

14 Mr. Lubbock

C. inconspicuus, n, sp.

Frons rotundata. Cephalothorax 5-articulatus, crassus, postice

obtusus, superné visus angulis acutis, segmento postico brevi.

Antenne anticz corporis longitudine, setis brevibus, apica-

libus articulum aequantibus und longiore; subapicalibus mi-

nutis. Maxillze et maxillipedes ut in Calano. Pedes nata-

torii primi paris ramis 3 et l-articulatis, quarti paris ramis

ambobus 3-articulatis. Abdomen 5-articulatum breve. Setz

caudales quatuor, subeeque.

If all my specimens are females, which the form of the abdomen

seems to render probable, this species may, perhaps, be an Un-

dina.

The anterior antenne are ‘065 in length. At the apex there

is one rather long hair, and two others rather longer than the

apical segment; the penultimate and ante-penultimate hairs are

very minute, and all the rest are small.

The second pair of antennz are ‘015 in length. The accessory

branch is about one-fourth longer than the organ itself, and the

intermediate segments are indistinct; the basal segment of the

shorter branch has the margins very straight, and 1s of equal thick-

ness all the way up; there are six hairs at the apex in one tuft,

and seven in the other.

The maxillipeds are of the usual form, and are *02 in length.

The first pair of natatory legs are ‘015 in length, the outer

branch has three segments, the inner only one. The inner branch,

and the apical segment of the outer branch, have two hairs at the

side and two at the apex. The spines on the outer margin are

inconspicuous.

The fourth pair are ‘025 in length. The branches are both

three-jointed, the two basal segments of each branch have a hair

at the apex, the terminal segment of the lesser branch has two

hairs on the margin and two at the apex ;_ that of the larger branch

has three at the margin and two at the apex. The fifth pair of

legs appears to be wanting.

The abdomen is 5-jointed; the first and second segments are

swollen. The stylets are short, and the four terminal hairs sub-

equal in length.

Collected in 12° 20° N. L.; 25° W. L. Pl. II. figs. 8, 11.

C. penicillatus, n. sp.

Frons obtusa. Cephalothorax 5-articulatus, postice subacutus,

Antennz anticz inequales, dextra cephalothoracis, sinistra

on some new E/ntomostraca. 15

corporis longitudine, setis brevibus, apicalibus tamen sub-

longis, numero minimum viginti et conspicui. Abdomen

3-articulatum. Styli caudales breves,

The inequality in length of the anterior antenne, and the thick

pencil at the end of the same organs, make it very easy to distin-

guish this species from any other. I only possessed one specimen,

which I was obliged to dissect in order to examine the different

appendages. The two branches of the second pair of antennz

are nearly equal in size. The basal part of the lateral branch is

indistinctly divided into several segments, and has about six long

hairs. Length :03.

The first pair of maxillz are +018, the second pair °015, and the

maxillipeds :032 in length. All these organs are formed as usual

in Calanus.

The first pair of legs are 032 in length; both the branches are

three-jointed, and have a hair at the apex of each of the four basal

segments; the apical segment of the outer branch has three hairs

on the margin and two at the apex, besides a curved spine. That

of the inner branch has also three at the margin and two at the

apex.

The fourth and fifth pairs were, unluckily, imperfect.

The abdomen is short, and the caudal stylets are rather longer

than the posterior abdominal segment. The terminal sete have

been broken off.

Length of cephalothorax....*100.

a abdomen ........°026.

PL. IV,, figs. 1, 3.

C. latus, n. sp.

Rostrum breve. Frons rotundatus. Cephalothorax 5-articula-

tus, postice obtusus. Antenne antice corpore vix breviores,

setis quibusdam longis, una apicali preelong4, postica penul-

timé longa; anticd penultima ante-penultimisque brevibus.

Antenne postice brevissimze, appendice laterali tamen longa.

Pedes natatorii primi paris, ramis 2 et 1-articulatis, quarti

paris 3-articulatis. Abdomen 4-articulatum stylis brevibus,

setis quatuor subzequis.

The hairs on the anterior antenna are short, but about every

fourth segment there is one considerably longer than the others.

The length of the organ is ‘135, which is very nearly that of the

body.

The second pair of antennez are remarkable. The lateral ap-

16 Mr. Lubbock

pendage is formed as usual, but is about six times as long as the

two apical segments of the organ itself. Length *038.

Length of the second pair of maxille . -. °02

¥. maxitlipeds: et +6 tc sigan iOS

There is nothing peculiar in the forms of these two pairs of ap-

pendages, which resemble those of other Calani.

The first pair of natatory feet is ‘025 in length, and very closely

resembles that of Undina pulchra. (PI. 1V. fig. 6.)

The fourth pair is ‘04 in length, and appears to me to be exactly

similar to that of Undina pulchra. (Pl. IV. fig. 7.)

The exact similarity of the natatory legs in these two species,

coupled with the fact that I only know the male of the one and

the female of the other, force on us the consideration whether they

are not the different sexes of the same species. It may be so cer-

tainly, but the difference in both pairs of antenne and in the max-

illipeds have induced me to describe them as separate.

Length of cephalothorax, °110; of abdomen, °05.

Collected in N. L. 31° 50'; W. L. 18° 30’.

Most of the specimens had spermatic tubes attached to the ab-

domen. PI. II. fig. 12 and Pl. XI. figs. 8, 11.

II. Setze antennarum anticarum apicales subapicalibus non

longiores.

Calanus communis, Da.

There are a number of specimens which agree in most points

with Dana’s description of this species. The apical segment of

the anterior antenna in my specimens was, however, rather shorler

than the preceding, and the second of the abdominal setz is quite

twice as long as the others.

Professor Dana gives no side view; Pl. X. figs. 9, 10, represents

the outline of the posterior segment of the cephalothorax ; the

hooked spine exists in every position between the two in which I

have figured it.

Collected in the Atlantic by Dr. Sutherland, from 12° 30’ N. to

3° 50'S. L., and from 19° to 26° W. L.; by Dana from 8° N. to

° S. L., and from 15° to 30° W. L. PI. X. figs. 9, 10.

2°

Calanus mirabilis.

Frons subacuta, lateribus inflata. Cephalothorax 5-articulatus,

gracilis, postice obtusus. Antenne anticee corpore longiores,

setis brevibus apicalibus tamen, et seta antica articuli ab apice

quarti, longis, et postica penultima preelongd. Antennarum

some Entomostraca. 17

posticarum ramus lateralis multiarticulatus, pyramidatus, setis

longis. Mandibulz palpo magno ramis valde inequis. Pedes

natatorii primi paris ramis 3 et 2 ?-articulatis. Pedes quarti

paris ramis 3-articulatis. Abdomen curtum, 2 ?-articulatum.

Styli caudales breves.

The anterior antenne are considerably longer than the body ;

the hairs all along the middle part are small, but some near the

apex are very large. The posterior penultimate is the longest,

then two at the apex, and one attached to the fourth segment,

counting from the apex. Length 17.

The posterior antenne are remarkable for the form of the lateral

branch, which is multiarticulate, tapering and clothed with long

hairs. Length -023.

The palpus of the mandible is also of an unusual shape. In-

stead of consisting, as usual, of a large basal portion, bearing at

the apex two equal short branches, in this species one branch is

inserted at the side of the basal part, and is much smaller than the

other. Length 033.

The second pair of maxille are ‘015 in length, and the maxilli-

peds 052.

The first pair of natatory legs are 026 in length; the outer

branch is three-jointed; the inner, I believe, has two segments,

which are well marked in the second pair of legs, but in the first

are very indistinctly separated. The fourth pair is ‘03 in length,

and both the branches have three segments. The fifth pair ap-

peared to me to be altogether absent.

The abdomen is short, and in my specimen most of the caudal

bristles appeared to have been broken off.

Collected in the Bay of Biscay.

Pie V; figs. Ito 6.

Calanus brevicornis, n. sp.

Frons elongata, angusta, rotundata, stylis longis. Cephalo-

thorax postice obtusus, 5-articulatus articulis posticis sub-

zequis. Antennz antice cephalothoracis longitudine, fere

rectze, fronte posteriores, setis brevibus, articuli tertii lon-

giore, postica penultima et antepenultima longis, anticis bre-

vibus, antica penultima articulo duplo longiore. Sete cau-

dales mediocres. .

The front is produced ‘01 inch beyond the base of the antennz ;

the frontal stylets are long, and rise just in front of the antennz.

VOL, IV. N.S. PARTI.— OCTOBER, 1856. Cc

18 Mr. Lubbock on

Seen from above this species is narrow in proportion to its length.

The anterior antenne are short, being about equal to the cephalo-

thorax in length. The posterior penultimate and antepenultimate

sete are the longest, then the anterior penultimate and that of the

third segment ; few of the rest are equal to the segments in length.

The two branches of the second pair of antenne are nearly

equal in size, but the accessory branch is rather larger than the

other, and has eight long hairs along its outer margin.

The teeth of the mandible are small, and nine in number, be-

sides the usual spine. The outer branch of the palpus has six

long plumose hairs ; the inner one has twelve, four of which are

situated on a prominence at the side, and four more along the

margin.

The first and second pair of maxillee and maxillipeds are formed

as usual.

The branches of the natatory legs are three-jointed. In the first

pair the basal segment of the inner and lesser branch bears one

hair, the second segment two, and the third eight, of which two

are on the outer margin, four on the inner, and two at the apex.

The larger and external branch has one hair on the second seg-

ment, and five on the apical, besides the long terminal spine. In

the fifth pair of legs the second segment of the smaller branch has

only one hair, and the apical segment eight, three on each margin

and two at the apex. The terminal segment of the larger branch

has only four hairs, besides the terminal spine.

Abdomen four-jointed, segments gradually decreasing in size.

The caudal setee were in every case broken off, but from the size

of the stumps they appear to be of the usual length.

Total length, +12.

Collected in the Atlantic, 35° 10'S. L.; 18° 4 E. L.

Pl ALT:

Rhincalanus cornutus, Da.

Professor Dana found only four or five specimens of this beau-

tiful species, and does not mention whether they were males or

females. I also had only a few specimens, and all of mine had

the abdomen two-jointed, while in his it was four-jointed. The

antennee also differ from his description. My specimens may

therefore perhaps belong to a new species, but they agreed so

closely with R. cornutus, except in the above particulars, that I

did not like to describe them as new.

Collected by Dr. Sutherland, N. L. 27° 30’, W. L. 20°.

2 Professor Dana, _ ,, 12 Syath', eae

some Entomostraca. 19

Eucheta Atlantica, n. sp.

Cephalothorax pubescens, 4-articulatus, capite non lateraliter

angulatus, postice obtusus. Antennz antice fere corporis

longitudine, setas Enchete diademe fere similes, set& pos-

ticd penultima dimidium posticze apicalis non superante, setis

antepenultimis perbrevibus. Pedes natatorii quinti paris

foeminge nulli, quarti grandes. Abdomen foeminz 3-articu-

tum, articulo primo foeminze secundum longitudine non supe-

rante. Seta caudalis longa, foemine nuda. Abdomen maris

4-articulatum ; segmento primo brevi.

The second pair,of antenne and first four pairs of legs of this

species could hardly be distinguished from those of Undina plu-

mosa.

It may be doubted whether the male and female here described

belong to the same species, but they were several times collected

together without any other nearly allied species, were caught in

rather large numbers, and agreed in those organs which do not

‘present sexual differences.

The anterior antenne of the female are ‘093 in length; the

setee are very short, but arranged as usual; some few are very

long, and one or two are plumose. Two of the apical hairs are

very long, also the posterior penultimate, and the anterior hair of

the fourth segment, counting from the apex. The posterior ante-

penultimate seta is very small. The anterior antennz of the male

are different in appearance, owing to the absence of long sete ;

the small ones are very easily broken off, so that I never found a

specimen with them all attached. There are three long hairs at

the apex, one of them as long as the four apical segments.

The second pr. antenne are formed as in Calanus. The long

apical hairs of the organ are eleven in number. The accessory

branch is longer than the organ, the four intermediate joints are

short and indistinct, and the apical hairs are three in number.

The second pair of maxillipeds are ‘021 inch in length, and divided

into four segments. They resemble those of Calanus, but are

longer in proportion, and consist of four segments instead of three,

as usual in that genus. The hairs are large, and seated on pro-

tuberances.

The third pr. maxillipeds are *05 in length, large, pediform, and

consisting of seven segments; the basal segment is large, with

several spinose hairs, the second is almost twice as long as the

first, and forms almost a right angle with it. The five apical seg-

ments are small and indistinctly separated ; they each bear two or

20 Mr. Lubbock on

three strong, finely serrated hairs. In the male, the joints of

these five segments are so indistinct, that the organ would be de-

scribed as three-jointed.

First pr. natatory legs, °017 in length. The rami in the female

are two and one-jointed. Those of the male are three-jointed.

They are not spinous, but the margins are partly fringed with

delicate hairs.

The fourth pair of natatories is much larger, and is similar in the

two sexes. It is ‘03 inch in length, and the rami are both three-

jointed. There is a ciliated hair at the apex of each of the basal

segments, and the terminal segments have respectively four and

five large, ciliated hairs,

The fifth pair of legs of the male are slender, and so long as to

reach to the front of the cephalothorax when they are turned for-

wards. The shorter leg of the two consists of four segments, of

which the second apparently represents the second basal seg-

ment of the natatory legs, and like it bears two branches, the

inner one of which is as long as the first segment of the outer

branch. The apical segment is long and gradually tapering. The

longer leg resembles the shorter one in general appearance, but

the inner branch is rudimentary, and the third segment bears at

the apex a cylindrical appendage, swollen at the ends, and armed

along the edges with a row of teeth.

I do not understand how these legs are used.

Total length +12 inch.

This species much resembles £. diadema of Dana, from which it

differs chiefly— :

Ist, m having the angles of the head rounded off;

2nd, in the size of the maxillipeds; and

3rd, in the structure of the fifth pair of legs of the female.

It seems very common, but the females are much more nume-

rous than the males. Dr. Sutherland found it in the Atlantic,

from 31° 50'N. Lat. to 3° S. Lat., and from 26° to 18° 30’ W.

Long.

Some of the females had from five to eleven eggs, and several

had a spermatic tube attached to the abdomen; the time of year

being from the 9th of August to the 9th of September.

Pl. Vill,

Eucheta Sutherlandit, n. sp.

Foeminze.—Cephalothorax nudus, 5-articulatus, postice obtusus,

capite bene arcuato sed non angulato. Antenne anticz cor-

pore paulo breviores, setas E. communi fere similes, seta pos-

some Entomostraca. 21

ticd penultima dimidium posticz apicalis non superante, setis

antepenultimis brevibus. Maxillipedes magni. Pedes nata-

torii quinti paris magni, simplices.

Abdomen 3-articulatum, articulo tertio duos preecedentes longi-

tudine fere zquante. Seta caudalis secunda corpore longior,

nuda.

This species may perhaps be a young form, for the fifth pair of

natatory legs has very much the appearance of being immature.

I do not think, however, that it can be the young of any already

described species, as it has five cephalothoracic segments instead

of four, which is the common number ; and although £. pubescens

has, it is true, the same number, yet in that species the additional

segment is the posterior one, while here it is formed by the sepa-

ration of the head. For these reasons it cannot, I think, be con-

sidered as the young of the preceding species, with which it was

found ; besides which, it has a fifth pair of natatory legs, of which

I could find no trace in E. Atlantica. The shape of the head when

seen from above, the second pair of antennze, mandibles, first and

second pairs of maxillz, maxillipeds and first pair of natatory

legs, all very closely resemble those of the preceding species.

The fourth pair is rather stouter in proportion. In EZ. Atlantica

I could never find any fifth pair of natatory legs in the female,

but in this species they are of a considerable size, 027 inch in

length, and consist of a two-jointed basal part, bearing two un-

equal branches, each consisting of one segment, but the outer one

much the largest. The two inner ones are not symmetrical. The

abdomen is three-jointed, and the third segment is nearly as large

as the two first put together.

Of this species there are only three or four specimens. They

were caught on the 22nd August, in 12° 21° N. Lat. and 25°

W.. 1.

Length :065 inch.

aS of the maxillipeds :035.

P]. IX. figs. 1, 2.

Undina Dane, n. sp.

Maris.—Frons quadratus. Cephalothorax 5-articulatus, postice

rotundatus, articulo ultimo breviore. Antenne anticz cor-

pore breviores; setis brevibus, posticd penultima antepenulti-

maque articulos non zquante. Abdomen 4-articulatum. Styli

caudales breves, setis quatuor plumosis.

This species may be at once distinguished from all of Profes-

sor Dana’s species by the front being quadrate.

22 Mr. Lubbock on

The anterior antenneé are ‘055 inch in length. PI. IX fig. 7,

represents the five apical segments.

The posterior antenne are ‘02 inch in length; the four inter-

mediate segments of the branch are obsolete, but their hairs still

remain; the branch is rather larger than the organ itself.

Second pair of mazillipeds, ‘017 in length, elongate, 7-jointed,

formed like the third pair of Calanus.

Third pair of mazillipeds, like those of Eucheta in shape, the

two basal segments being very large, and the remaining five very

short, and provided with eight large and strong hairs. Length *035,

First pair thoracic legs. Large ramus three-jointed. The apical

segment has a strong spine at the apex, a row of very delicate

hairs on the outer margin, and four long, plumose hairs on the

inner side. The second segment has also a similar hair at the

apex, and there is a small spine at the apex of each segment.

The smaller or internal branch consists of one segment, bearing

five long plumose hairs. The plumose hair, generally situated on

the basal segment, was absent in the specimens I examined. The

sides of the segments are clothed with very delicate hairs.

Length ‘014.

Fourth pair thoracic legs. Both branches consist of three seg-

ments. The hairs on the outer branch are arranged as in the first

pair, but altogether larger, and the apical spine is serrated on the

outer margin, plumose on the inner, and almost as long as the hairs.

The hairs on the inner branch are situated as on the outer, but are

finer. The margins of the segments are not fringed with hairs,

nor is there any basal hair. Length *027.

The fifth pair of legs is prehensile and unsymmetrical, but not

much larger than the preceding, being only ‘0303 inch in length.

The right leg is the larger of the two, and consists of four seg-

ments, of which the two basal are short and broad, the third long

and cylindrical, and the apical small. The Jeft legs seemed to me

to be more slender; the second segment is long, and bears two

branches, the inner simple, the outer three-jointed.

The abdomen is four-jointed. The basal segment is smaller

than the rest. The second segment is the largest, but not much

longer than the two last. The caudal stylets are small, and bear

four plumose hairs, of which the second is longer than, but not

twice as long as, the others. The first pair of natatory legs of

this species are very like those of the preceding. The fourth pair

of legs have the spines larger in proportion,

Length of cephalothorax ....*055 inch.

53 abdomen </. sos. 24/2°0200.

P). IX. figs. 6 to 9.

some Entomostraca. 23

Collected in the Atlantic Ocean, N. L. 37° 20’ to 12° 21, W. L.

14° 30’ to 25°.

I have called this species after Professor Dana. The Atlas of

his great work on Crustacea which has recently appeared is an-

other proof of his talents and industry. The high price of it is the

more to be regretted, as it is almost indispensable to every one

who would study Crustacea.

Undina longipes, n. sp.

Maris.—Frons quadrata. Cephalothorax 5-articulatus, articulo

ultimo breviore, postice rotundatus. Antenne anticz’ cor-

pore breviores setis brevibus, seta articuli secundi (tertii?)

longiuscula, flexa, setis apicalibus articulo longioribus, setis

penultimis subzequis, articulo longioribus, seta antepenultima

postica aliis longiore. Abdomen 4-articulatum. Styli cau-

dales 2-articulati, setis 5, secunda fere duplo longiore.

The shape of the cephalothorax and the form of the apical hairs

of the anterior antenne are quite sufficient to distinguish this

species from all that have been hitherto described. The shape of

the fifth pair of legs is also peculiar.

Anterior antennz ‘075 in length.

The second pair of antenne have the accessory branch longer

than the organ itself; and besides the usual four hairs belonging

one to each of the four small intermediate segments, there are four

or five others, signs of a tendency to the separation of other seg-

ments.

The second pair of maxille are like those of Calanus, and quite

different from those of the other species of Undina which I have

seen.

The maxillipeds are small, but like those of Calanus.

The first pair of legs are ‘018 in length; the rami are both

three-jointed.

The fourth pair are larger, ‘03 in length.

The fifth pair are much larger, being ‘1 in length. The figure

will give a better idea of their form than a description could

convey.

The abdomen is four-jointed, the segments being nearly equal in

size. The caudal lamelle are two-jointed, and bear five hairs, of

which the second is nearly twice as long as the rest.

Total length *1.

Collected in the Atlantic, 12° 20’ to 8° 30'N. L., 25° to 23°

24 Mr. Lubbock on

W. L. The species was rather common, but there are no females

which I can with certainty refer to it.

Pl. VI. figs. 1 to 5.

Undina plumosa, n. sp.

Maris.—Frons obtusa. Cephalothorax postice rotundatus, 4-ar-

ticulatus. Antennee anticee cephalothorace longiores, corpore

breviores, aliquando dissimiles, setis brevibus, postica penul-

tima antepenultima subeequis. Abdomen 4-articulatum. Styli

caudales breves; setis 4, seta secunda longiore, sed non

duplo longiore.

I could not find the usual furcate rostrum in this species.

The second pair of antennz and first four pairs of legs could

hardly be distinguished from those of Encheta Atlantica.

The outline of this species much resembles Undina vulgaris.

The anterior antennze are ‘09 in length; the sete are very

short, the largest being situated on the third basal segment; the

anterior and posterior seta of the apical segment are longer than

the segment, but all the others are very short.

The accessory branch of the second pair of antennz is larger

than the organ itself, and bears three long hairs at the apex. The

four intermediate segments are small, and each provided with one

long hair. The organ itself is terminated by two tufts of long

hairs, six in the one and five in the other, besides a few short

ones.

The third pair of maxillipeds are ‘032 inch in length, and are

seven-jointed, but the five apical segments are very small. The

apical segment bears three hairs, the next I believe two, the third

one, the fourth and fifth respectively three and four, the sixth three,

and the basal one, I believe, two at the apex, and one at the base.

First pair of legs *009 in length; the usual plumose hair at

base is, I believe, absent; there are, however, on both the basal

segments several small hairs. The external ramus is three-jointed.

The middle segment bears one long hair, and a fringe of small

ones; the apical segment has four long hairs, and a spine at the

apex. The inner ramus consists of one segment only, which has

five long hairs. All the large hairs on these organs are plumose.

The fourth pair are larger, ‘017 in length; the rami are both

three-jointed. The smaller as long as the first two segments of

the larger ramus, which has a spine at the apex of each segment,

and two intermediate, as usual, to the apical segment. The usual

plumose basal hair is present, but there is no fringe as in the first

pair of legs, which may, however, have been broken off. Each

some Entomostraca. 25

segment of the branches bears one long hair, and the apical one of

each five, the small slender apical spine of the first pair of legs

being developed into a strong hair, plumose on the inner and ser-

rated on the outer margin.

Fifth pair of legs are -05 in length; both legs are five-jointed.

The smaller leg ends in a sort of round knot, and bears a large

spine at the apex of the third segment, and a small inner branch

at the apex of the second segment. The larger leg consists of two

branches ; the inner one small, and appears to have three rudi-

mentary joints, the larger branch‘has the two first joints large, the

apical longer than the preceding segment, bearing a large spine

near the middle, slender, and terminating in a fine point.

Abdomen is ‘036 in length, four-jointed; the first segment

rather short, the three following nearly equal, the caudal lamellze

very short and small, bearing four hairs, of which the second is the

longest.

This species was collected in 27° 30' N. L., 25° W. L.

I have found no females which I could refer to this species, but

this is not to be wondered at, as I only had three or four spe-

cimens.

Pl. IX. figs. 3, 4, 5.

Undina Helene, n. s.

Maris.—Cephalothorax 5-articulatus postice obtusus, articulis

tribus posticis subzequis. Frons triangulata, Antenne an-

ticze corpore parcé breviores; seta articuli secundi (tertii 2)

longa, leviter flexa, setd apicali posticd long, antica penul-

tima sublonga, postica brevi, posticA ante-penultimé articulum

vix superante, aliis brevibus. Abdomen 4-articulatum, arti-

culis subzequis ; styli caudales parvi.

The second pair of antennz have the accessory branch nearly

twice as long as the organ itself. The four small intermediate

joints are hardly distinguishable, but are indicated by the usual

five long hairs. At the apex of the organ itself the one tuft con-

sists of six subequal hairs, the other of four long hairs and three

smaller ones.

The third pair of maxillipeds are formed as usual; but there is

this peculiarity, that the fourth segment, counting from the base, is

larger than the third, as in the longipes. The two basal segments

are like those of Calanus and not like those of Euchela.

Length :028.

The first pair of legs have the outer ramus three-jointed; and

the inner one, I believe, two-jointed.

Length :025.

26 Mr. Lubbock on

In the fourth pair both branches have three segments. The

hairs on the outer margin are short, thick and spinous. On the

inner branch each of the two basal segments has one hair at the

apex. The apical segment has two hairs at the margin, and two

at the apex. The apical segment has four hairs, and a large spine

at the apex.

Length -04.

Fifth pair of legs, Length 055.

Length of cephalothorax ......°095.

i abdomen ..........°040.

A Ant. antenne ......°110.

Collected in N. L. 31° 50’, L. W. 18° 30’.

P). VII. figs. 1 to 5. Pl. IV. fig. 4.

Undina pulchra, n. s.

Maris.—Frons triangulata. Cephalothorax 4? articulatus pos-

tice obtusus. Antenne antice corpore parce breviores, arti-

culis ultimis tribus subeequis, setis brevibus, seta articuli tertil

longa, recta, setis apicalibus brevibus, una tamen sublonga,

posticd penultima, et antepenultima perbrevibus. Maxilli-

pedes parvi, articulis quinque ultimis exiguis, ut in Luchetd.

Abdomen 4-articulatum. Styli caudales parvi.

In general form this species closely resembles U. Helene, from

which, however, it differs in the form of most of the appendages.

The anterior antenne have the three terminal segments nearly

equal; the middle one rather the smaller of the three. The fourth

segment was longer than the two succeeding in the right antennze

of the single specimen at my disposal; but in that of the other

side it appeared as if it was in the process of division into two.

The accessory branch of the second pair of antennz is half again

as long as the organ itself, and appears to have only four hairs

attached to the small intermediate segments. At the apex of the

organ itself the one tuft consists of six long subequal hairs, the

other of five long hairs and two short ones.

The two basal segments of the maxillipeds are long and thin,

and the five terminal segments are small. Length ‘031.

The length of the first pair of natatory legs is ‘023. The outer

branch has two segments. There is a hair at the apex of the

basal, and two on the margin, and two at the apex of the apical,

besides the spine. The inner branch has two hairs at the margin,

and two at the apex.

The length of the fourth pair is ‘035. The margins are less

entire, the hairs of the outer margin shorter and thicker, and the

some Entomostraca. 27

branches both three-jointed. There is a hair at the apex of the

two basal segments of each branch, and the apical segment of the

inner branch has two hairs on the margin, and two at the apex ;

that of the outer three at the margin, and two atthe apex. There

are thus five hairs on the apical segment of the outer branch of the

fourth pair, while the first pair had four. The addition arises from

the development of the spine.

The fifth pair of legs is long, thin and four-jointed. The basal

segment of the larger leg is long and cylindrical ; the second seg-

ment is swollen, and gives rise to two branches, which in shape

are not unlike the prongs of a pitch-fork, with, however, the

power of meeting: the outer branch is two-jointed. The smaller

leg is very simple, resembling a rod composed of four pieces, the

two basal of which are short, and the two apical long and slender.

Length :06.

The abdomen is four-jointed, with the segments subequal; and

the caudal stylets small: the second of the caudal sete nearly

twice as long as the others.

Length of cephalothorax ......°09.

- abdomen ...... Scare ee

Collected in N. L. 12° 21’, W. L. 25°.

Pl. IV. figs. 5 to 8. Pl. VII. fig. 6.

Diaptomus dubius, n. sp.

Frons quadrata. Cephalothorax curtus, antice latior, 5-arti-

culatus, angulis posticis acutis, segmento primo maximo, tertio

quartoque brevibus. Antenne anticze corporis longitudine,

setis brevibus; antenna maris dextra medio paulum incras-

sata, fere 24-articulata, articulis 18 et 19 antice serratis,

articulis tribus anticis subeequis. Pes posticus maris maxi-

mus ad apicem obtusus, rotundatus ; pedes postici foeminz

parvi. Abdomen maris 4, foeminze 3-articulatum.

There is not a furcate rostrum, but under the front are two

little appendages.

The two branches of the second pair of antennz are nearly

equal. The accessory branch has three hairs at the apex, and one

at the middle of the apical segment, besides eight along the side,

signs of a tendency towards the separation of other intermediate

segments over and above the four usual ones.

The second pair of maxilla and the maxillipeds are formed as

in Calanus.

The first pair of natatories have the two rami respectively three

and two-jointed ; and in the fourth pair they are larger, but con-

sist of only two and one segments respectively.

28 Mr. Lubbock on

The abdomen is four-jointed in the male, and two-jointed in

the female, and in both the caudal stylets are very long, fringed

on the inner margin with delicate hairs, besides the five long ones,

which are themselves plumose.

Length of cephalothorax (not including the spines) . .*04.

»» abdomen (including the stylets) ..........°02.

Collected by Dr. Sutherland in 37° N. L. and 14° 30' W. L.,

and in 27° 30’ N. L. and 20° W. L.

There were only four or five specimens, and one of the females

had a spermatic tube attached to the abdomen.

P). Il. figs. 1 to 7.

Diaptomus abdominalis, n. sp.

Frons subtriangulatus. Cephalothorax postice obtusus, 5-arti-

culatus, articulis posticis subeequis. Antenne anticze corpore

paulo breviores, setis apicali posticd, penultimaque antica,

longis, aliis brevibus. Maxillipedes longee ut in Calano,

Abdomen fceminz 3-articulatum, maris 4 ?-articulatum. Styli

, y

caudales breves divaricate,

The second pair of maxillz are formed as in Calanus, and are

much shorter than the maxillipeds, being ‘013.

The maxillipeds are ‘038 in length, and seven-jointed, the ter-

minal segment being very minute. The basal segment is not

much larger than the second.

The natatory legs of the female have both the rami three-jointed.

In the first pair the spines are not conspicuous ; the first segment

of the inner (lesser) branch has one hair, the second two, the third

two at the side and two terminal. The two first segments of the

outer branch have each one hair; the terminal segment has three

hairs at the side, and two at the apex, besides the small ones on

the outer margin. Length :045.

In the fifth pair the hairs on the outer margin are more conspi-

cuous. ‘The terminal segment of the inner branch has three hairs

on the margin, while on that of the outer branch there are five

marginal hairs, and at the apex a short broad spine. Length 04.

The arrangement of the hairs in the male is similar, but the

margins of the segments are more or less bulged out.

The fifth pair of legs of the male are small and unsymmetrical,

about *022 in length. Those of the female are symmetrical, but

not formed like the others, having no trace of an inner branch ;

they are ‘01 in length.

The abdomen is large. In the female it is three-jointed, the basal

segment being the largest, and the caudal stylets large and rather

some Entomostraca. 29

longer than the third segment. The abdomen of the male is very

curious. It is five-jointed, and has along the sides several tufts

of long hairs. I know nothing like this in ‘any other species. The

terminal setze are of moderate length, and the second is rather

longer than the others.

Length of cephalothorax :072.

Pa abdomen ....°040, including the stylets.

Collected by Dr. Sutherland in the Atlantic, N. L. 31° 50° to

N. L. 27° 30’, W. L. 18° to 20°.

Pl. X. figs. 1 to 8.

Candace pachydactyla, Da.

I have some specimens very like C. pachydactyla, but it is with

great hesitation that I refer them to that species, because they

differ in the number of segments of the cephalothorax, in the re-

lative sizes of the two branches of the second pair of antenna,

and do not agree very closely in the structure of the first pair of

antenne. Dana has, however, himself figured a specimen with

five cephalothoracic segments as belonging to this species, though,

it is true, he expresses a doubt on the subject. The anterior an-

tennz vary a good deal in different specimens, unless, indeed,

several separate species are here united together,

The second pair of antennz have five long hairs at the end of

the small accessory branch, and eleven at the end of the organ

itself. In one specimen this organ resembled Dana’s fig. 10,

Pl. LX XVIII., but in another the two branches were nearly equal

in length. The first pair of maxille (Pl. VI., fig. 7) are of a

very peculiar form, and quite unlike any other that I have seen.

I do not know whether the form is generic or only specific. The

maxillipeds are small, straight and seven-jointed (fig. 8).

I have several specimens of a female, which I refer to this spe-

cies, because it agrees in form and in the arrangement of the setz

of both pairs of antenna, and in the structure of all the organs,

which do not present sexual differences. The fifth pair of legs are

small and symmetrical (fig. 12), but differ in different specimens.

On the whole, I am inclined to think that two or more nearly

allied species are here united, but I have not enough specimens to

attempt to separate them.

Collected by Dr. Sutherland in N. L. 12° 21’, W. L. 25°, and

in N. L. 31° 50’, W. L. 18° 30’, and by Dana in S. L. 6°, W. L.

24°,

Pl. VI. figs. 6 to 12.

30 Mr. Lubbock on

Genus PonTeELLa.

Sub-genus PonTELLINA.

Cephalothorax postice productus, angulis acutis.

Seta antennarum anticarum apicalis setis subapicalibus brevior.

Pontella setosa, n. sp.

Frons subtriangulata. Cephalothorax 6-articulatus, articulo

postico magno, angulis posticis brevibus. Oculi superiores

grandes. Antenne anticz cephalothorace breviores, apicibus

fronte valde anterioribus; setis fere rectis, prope basin fere

articuli secundi longitudine, postica penultim4 duplo longiore

quam apicales. Antenna dextra maris, medio incrassulata,

13-articulata, articulo 10 lamellA dentata instructo, articulis

sequentibus tribus (ultimis) normalibus. Pes posticus maris

dexter cheliformis, digito elongato tenui et curvato. Abdo-

men maris 4, foeminz 2-articulatum.

The species seems to form a link between the sub-genera Pon-

tellina and Pontella, for though the sides of the head are not armed

by two projecting angles, as in the latter, they are not quite flat

as is usual in the former, but have two rounded swellings instead

of angles.

The anterior antennz are ‘08 in length; those of the female, and

the left of the male, are very like those of P. acutifrons.

The two branches of the second pair of antennz are somewhat

unequal in size.

The outer branch of the first pair of legs has three segments,

the inner two.

The fourth pair also agree in this respect, but the spines along

the outer margin are more conspicuous.

Fig. 5 represents the fifth pair of the male, and fig. 6 of the

female.

The terminal setz of the abdomen are five in number, and

nearly equal in size.

The length of the cephalothorax is ‘09 inch, and of the abdo-

men *02.

Collected by Dr. Sutherland in N. L. 8° 30’, W. L. 23°.

g° 22, 5 19°.

”

P]. XI. figs. 1 to 7.

some E’ntomostraca. 31

Clytemnestra Atlantica, n. sp.

Corpus pyriforme. Cephalothorax acute rostratus 5-articula-

tus, segmentis postice rotundatis, non dilatatis, marginibus

posterioribus fere rectis, segmento postico tamen denticulato.

Antenne antic breves. Abdomen promiscue 4-articulatum.

Styli caudales mediocres, setis quatuor.

This species may at once be recognised by the form of the body,

which is almost pyriform, the posterior angles of the cephalatho-

racic segments not projecting laterally. The anterior antenne

are very short, scarcely as long as half the breadth of the cepha-

lothorax. The posterior angles of the cephalothorax are acute.

The abdomen is short, and the segments are not distinctly marked.

It may be divided into two parts, one broad, and consisting,

perhaps, of three segments, the last of which bears on each side

a small appendage, terminated by two hairs ; the other part narrow,

short and bearing the two slender stylets.

It was collected in the Atlantic, and, as there was only one spe-

cimen, I did not dissect it, but I think there can be little doubt that

it belongs to the genus Clytemnestra of Dana.

Length :09.

P]. XII. figs. 12, 13.

Coryceeus Sutherlandii.

Cephalothorax mediocris, segmento quarto elongate acuto, Con-

spictlla fere contigua. Antenne antice 7-articulatz, setis

longissimis, nudis. Antennarum posticarum digitus articulo

secundo brevior ; set4 articuli primi nuda. Abdomen 3?-ar-

ticulatum *02 unc. long. ; styli caudales abdomine vix breviores

‘019 unc. long. ; seta caudalis maxima ‘013 unc. long.

Anterior antenne ‘012 inch in length. The hairs are nearly twice

as long as the organ itself.

Posterior antenne *015. Four-jointed. The basal segment bears

two setze, one short, the other extending beyond the apex of the

organ, and appears to be in some measure opposable to the fingers.

The second segment bears two teeth at the inner apex, and two

“ fingers,” of which the larger is two-jointed, and the basal part

is provided with two teeth. The larger finger is shorter than the

second segment, but very little so. The large spine is not

plumose.

The third pair of natatory legs consist of a two-jointed basal part,

and two three-jointed rami. The inner ramus is short, being

shorter than the two first segments of the other. The outer

32 Mr. Lubbock on

ramus has the apical segment longer than the other two to-

gether.

The fourth pair of natatories has the inner ramus obsolete ; it is,

however, represented by a little knob with aleng seta. The other

ramus has three sub-equal segments. ‘There is a basal hair, but

it is not plumose.

I am not sure whether the abdomen consists of two or three

segments, for there is a line across the basal part, but I do not

think it represents a joint.

In Dana’s arrangement of the genus this species would come

next to C. latus, from which, however, it may at once be known

by the caudal stylets being almost as long as the abdomen.

Attached to the abdomen was, in one case, one, in another two,

small oval membranous sacs, which I suppose to be spermatic

tubes.

Length 083.

Atlantic Ocean.

Pl. VIT. figs. 7, 12.

Coryceus styliferus.

Cephalothorax angulis posticis elongatis. Conspicilla remo-

tiuscula. Antenne antice longe setulose. Antennarum

posticarum carpus digito brevior, setis duabus carpi fere lon-

gitudine, nudis?) Abdomen 2-articulatum. Styli caudales

abdominis longitudine, seta una longa, stylis vix breviore, aliis

brevibus.

Length of cephalothorax, including the angles, :036 ; of the ab-

domen, ‘025 ; total length *056.

Collected in N. S. 12° 21’; W. L. 25°.

P)..V. figs. 7,8.

Copilia Atlantica, n. sp.

Cephalothorax fronte latus, et profunde excavatus, segmentum

anticum postice paulo latior, segmentis posticis latere ob-

tusis, utroque preecedenti angustiore, ultimo ad apicem dor-

salem posticum spinigero. Antennz postice: ad articulum

primum setulose, digito longo. Pedes natatorii primi paris

ramis triarticulatis, pedes postici ramis 3 et 1-articulatis.

Abdomen tenue, sine stylis, cephalothoracis dimidio brevius,

obsolete 5-articulatum. Styli abdomine longiore, tenuissimi.

This species very much resembles C. mirabilis of Dana, which

was found in the Pacific Ocean. The chief differences are, the

deeper frontal excavation, and the three-jointed branches of the

some Entomostraca. 33

first three pairs of natatory legs, which in Dana’s figure have four

segments. He has not, however, described them, and the figure

may be erroneous on this point. Length of ceph. ‘06; of abdo-

men, ‘03; of abdominal stylets, °04; total length, :120. The

depth of the frontal excavation is ‘004.

In the Atlantic, N. L. 12° 21’; W. L. 25°.

Pl. IV. figs. 11 to 14.

Sapphirina Dane, n. sp.

Cephalothoracis segmentum primum breve. Conspicilla con-

tigua non-prominentia. Digitus antennarum posticarum

paulo brevior quam carpus, unguiculo elongato. Lamellze

caudales subovate, apice interno breviter denticulato, ad

apicem rotundate, setis quatuor duabus apicalibus, aliis ex-

ternis, omnibus dimidio lamellz, non brevioribus.

This species much resembles S. coruscans, but is broader in

proportion, the conspicilla are not prominent, the first segment

of the cephalothorax is not so long as broad, and the caudal

lamellz have no hair at the inner apex. The length is :092, the

breadth ‘046. The length of the caudal lamelle is ‘01, and the

breadth :0046. The length of the second segment of the posterior

antenne is ‘011, of the finger ‘0099, and of the claw :004. The

basal part of the anterior antennze has no distinct articulations,

and the second apparent segment is longer than the two following.

Colour a brilliant metallic blue.

Collected in the Atlantic, 27° 30’, N. L.; W. L. 20°.

PioxLt. figs. 9,10, 11.

Sapphirina opaca, n. sp.

Foemine.—Conspicilla contigua. Digitus antennarum postica-

rum carpo brevior, unguiculo fere dimidii digiti longitudine.

Cephalothorax 5-articulatus, ovatus, segmentum primum

literee Q formam similis, segmentis duobus posticis latere

rotundatis. Abdomen 6-articulatum, segmento primo par-

vulo, secundo rotundato, tertio, quarto quintoque lunatis, ‘/pos-

tico parvulo. Styli caudales magni, longitudine *008, latitu-

dine ‘005 une., apice interno denticulato. Opaca.

This species very closely resembles S. indigotica, from which it

differs only in having the anterior segment of the cephalothorax

separated, and in the fourth and fifth segments being rounded at

the margins. Length ‘063.

Atlantic Ocean,

HLV. figs: 9, 10, 12.

VOL. IV. N.S. PART II.——OCTOBER, 1856, D

34 Mr. Lubbock on

Sapphirina stylifera, n. sp.

Digitus antennarum posticarum tenuis, carpo fere duplo lon-

gior. Lamelle caudales longz, Jatitudine ‘002, longitudine

"025 unc.

This species may at once be distinguished from any other by

the length and narrowness of the caudal stylets. I had only two

specimens, neither of which were in a very good state of preserva-

tion, and I could not determine with certainty whether the con-

spicilla were contiguous or not.

Collected in N. L. 12° 21’; W. L. 25°.

Pi, ty. ties. 9, 10,

Helocypris Atlantica, n. sp.

Forma Concheciam refert, latere visa, litere © elongate for-

mam similis, postice paulo altior, margine supero recto, in-

cisura mediand, antico et infero Jeniter arcuato, postico ob-

liquo, inferné rotundato, superné angulato, ad apicem obtuso.

Superné visa, C. agili angustior. '

This species appears to be somewhat intermediate between the

genera Conchecia and Halocypris. In external form it more re-

sembles the former, but the structure of the anterior antenne and

the mandibles proves that it in fact belongs to the latter,

The anterior antenna (Pl. XII., fig. 3) differs from that figured

by Dana in consisting only of one segment. The hairs belonging

to it were all imperfect, except two. I only had two specimens,

and did not succeed in detaching the maxillipeds uninjured. The

figures are magnified thirty times, except figs. 1 and 2, which are

magnified only fifteen times.

Length 086.

Collected in N. L. 12° 21°; 25° W.

P). XII. figs. 1 to 8.

some Entomostraca. 30

DESCRIPTIONS OF THE PLATES.

PLATE II.

Fig. 1. Diaptomus dubius, n. sp. Outline, seen from above.

2s Right anterior antenna of male.

3. a Maxilliped.

4. oa Leg of the first pair.

5. oa 3 fourth pair.

6. n Fifth pair of legs of the male.

73 A e female.

8. Calanus inconspicuus, n. sp. Outline seen from above.

9. a Terminal segments of the anterior antenna.

10. 3 Leg of the first pair.

Ly: 33 - fourth pair.

12, Calanus latus, n. sp. Terminal segments of the anterior antenna.

PLATE III.

Fig. 1. Calanus brevicornis, n.sp. Outline, seen from above.

2. Fe Antenna of the second pair.

3. As Mandible.

4. is Macxilla of the first pair.

5. ib Maxilliped.

6. a Leg of the first pair.

fle ie fifth pair.

PLATE IV.

Fig. 1. Calanus penicillatus, n. sp. Outline, seen from above.

Oe e Mazxilla of the first pair.

ae Leg of the first pair.

4, Undina Helene. n, sp. Maxilla of the first pair.

5. Undina pulchra, n. sp. Maxilliped.

6. a Leg of the first pair.

be +s Fs fourth pair.

8. Fifth pair of legs, male.

9. Seoulinn ina stylifera, n.sp. Outline.

10. ne Antenna of the second pair.

11. Copilia Atlantica, n. sp. Front.

12. . Leg of the first pair.

13: FA = fifth pair.

14, a Antenna of the second pair.

PLATE V.

Fig. 1. Calanus mirabilis, n. sp. Outline, seen from above.

2: x Antenna of second pair.

3. ~ Mandible.

4. $3 Leg of first pair.

5. 5 », fourth pair.

6. he Abdomen and end of cephalothorax, seen from

the side.

7. Coryceus styliferus, n, sp. Outline, seen from above.

8. 53 - the side.

9. Sapphirina opaca, n. sp. Outline, seen from above.

10. Ae Antenna of the first pair.

nlp Ps = second pair.

36 Mr. Lubbock on

PLATE VI.

Fig. 1. Undina longipes, n. sp. Outline, seen from above.

2. ay End of anterior antenna.

3. a Maxilla of the first pair.

4. oe As second pair.

5. np Fifth pair of legs, male.

6. Candace pachydactyla. End of anterior antenna.

te 33 Maxilla of the first pair.

8. 5 Maxilliped.

9. % Leg of the first pair.

10. = Bs fourth pair.

Ue . - fifth pair of legs.

12. + Leg of the fifth pair.

PLATE VII.

Fig. 1. Undina Helene, n. sp. Outline.

2. as End of anterior antenna.

3. AA Maxilliped.

4. ae Leg of the first pair.

5. 5 Fifth pair of legs.

6. Undina pulchra, n. sp. End of anterior antenna.

7. Coryceus Sutherlandii.

8. % Maxilliped?

9. 4 Anterior antenna.

10. - Leg of the first pair.

11. > Fifth pair of legs.

12, ne Abdomen.

PLATE VIII.

Fig. 1. Euchela Atlantica, n. sp. Outline of the front and of the anterior an-

tenna, seen from above.

2. is End of the anterior antenna, female.

3. oo Leg of the first pair, male.

4. as Pa fourth pair, female.

5. a Fifth pair of legs, male.

Abdomen and part of the cephalothorax, seen

from the side, female.

PLATE Ix.

Fig. 1. Eucheta Sutherlandii, n.sp. Outline, seen from the side.

2: s Fifth pair of legs.

3. Undina plumosa, a. sp. End of anterior antennz, male.

4. ss Posterior antenna.

5. - Fifth pair of legs.

6. Undina Dane, n. sp. Front, seen from above.

he a End of the anterior antenne.

8. 5 Maxilliped.

9, Pe Fifth pair of legs, male.

———

some Entomostraca.

PLATE X.

Fig. 1. Diaptomus abdominalis, n. sp. Outline, seen from above.

De SS End of anterior antenna, male.

3. a Posterior.

4. 4s Leg of the first pair.

5. ‘i 3 fourth pair.

6. 5 Fifth pair of legs, female.

ae 5 % male.

8. . Abdomen and endof cephalothorax

female, seen from above.

Calanus communis, Dana. End of cephalothorax, seen from the side.

PLATE XI.

Fig. 1. Pontella setosa,n. sp. Outline, seen from above.

2: - Maxilliped.

3. ey Leg of the first pair.

4. so Bf: fourth pair.

5. is Fifth pair of legs, male.

6. of 5 female.

7. i End of cephalothorax, seen from the side.

8. Calanus latus, n. sp. Front, seen from above.

9. i. Posterior antenna.

10. oF Maxilla of the first pair.

11. “ Abdomen and end of cephalothorax.

PLATE XII.

Fig. 1. Halocypris Atlantica, n. sp. Outline, seen from the side.

Ze 3 ns above.

3. 9 First antenna.

4. A Second ,,

5: re Mandible.

6. e Maxilla.

Ue » Leg of the first pair.

8. 35 a second pair.

9. Sapphirina Dune, n.sp. Outline, seen from above.

10. = First antenna.

11. = Second ,,

12. Clytemnestra Atlantica, n. sp. Outline, seen from above.

13. 7 Antenna of the second part.

These drawings were made with the help of the Camera lucida.

The secondary hairs in figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Pl. V. are too thick.

3o7

38 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the Onward Progress

III. How may the Onward Progress of the Study of En-

tomology be best furthered? By H.'T. Srainton, Esq.

[Read February 4th, 1856.]

He who looks around him at the countless forms of insect life

which meet his eyes on every side may well despair of ever ob-

taining an intimate knowledge of all these little creatures; the

study of any one group would furnish him with occupation for

life.

It is a common but erroneous notion, that to restrict one’s in-

vestigations to a single group would have the effect of contracting

one’s ideas; if to know any thing thoroughly be an evil, it is an

evil by no means widely disseminated; one person cannot know

every thing, however clever and industrious he,may be; he may

be well informed on a great variety of subjects, but information

is not knowledge. Information may be derived from books, or

from conversation with others; knowledge is only obtained by

our own actual study of the objects themselves.

A person may be narrow-minded and pedantic from an excess

of information, having a superficial knowledge of a variety of

subjects but no thorough knowledge of any; but unless the mind

of the individual be very singularly constructed, no amount of

thorough knowledge will induce prejudiced and one-sided views.

It is utterly impossible for any person to penetrate deeply into

any one branch of study without finding that he is obliged to

make himself acquainted with many collateral branches, which

bear more or less immediately upon the object of his attention.

And from the very fact of his having penetrated deeply into the

mysteries of some branch of knowledge, he is well aware of the

limited extent of his knowledge of these collateral branches, in

which probably he knows more than many a well-informed man

who considers himself to have a good knowledge of every thing.

And the student, considering himself very ignorant on such a

subject, is surprised to find that those who are evidently more

ignorant than himself should consider themselves very learned.

But whilst enunciating as an axiom that actual knowledge can

only be obtained by perseveringly pursuing some particular branch

of study during a long series of years, it may well be urged, is it

Lee 4

of the Study of Entomology. 39

not better to content one’s-self with a general information than to

penetrate into these mysteries, where we at once find ourselves at

a depth where our labours are hardly appreciated by any of our

acquaintance ?

By no means; the bee rifles the flower of its honey not for its

own immediate pleasure and enjoyment, but in order that it may

be carried home and added to the common store for the future

use of the community: the bee swallows the honey, and after-

wards regurgitates it into a cell prepared for its reception; so

must it be with the scientific student,—he must probe science

to her innermost recesses, (he must remember that the bee buries

herself in the corolla of some tubular flower,) and having acquired

an amount of knowledge by the actual investigation of objects

themselves, he must arrange and classify the knowledge so ob-

tained, and then, having thoroughly digested it, he must repro-

duce it in a simple, intelligible form, so that those who have not

time to pursue for themselves the peculiar branch of study to

which he is devoted, may yet be able to derive advantage from

his labours; just as the bees which remain occupied in the hive

are benefited by the honey collected by those which go abroad.

Each student thus adds not only to his own knonledge, but also

to the information of many others, and he in turn will derive an

excess of gratification and pleasure from the labours of other

students in different branches of science, far above that which the

generally well-informed man derives from the same labours.

It may be that it will sometimes happen that the student, who

has penetrated the hidden mysteries of some branch of science,

will selfishly content himself with enjoying the sweets of know-

ledge, without endeavouring to make others partakers of his good

cheer: either from laziness, egotism or a feeling of contempt for

those beneath him, he may be inclined either to keep his know-

ledge entirely to himself, or else to publish it in such a form that

it can only be comprehended by those almost as conversant with

the subject as he happens to be himself. Such feelings should be

carefully guarded against, as, if once they find entrance, they

would be apt to increase in the mind of the student and to di-

minish his usefulness.

In the course of the next few years we shall probably see a

large increase in the crop of Entomological students, and it is of

very great importance to the progress of science that each indi-

vidual should not attempt too much, but should devote his ener-

gies and attention to some comparatively limited group. If twenty

individuals were each to master a separate group of some of the

40 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the Onward Progress

many of the insect tribes that have as yet been little explored,

and if each were to elaborate the knowledge he obtained so as to

make it available to the community, who can doubt that a vast

impetus would be given to the onward progress of our science,

and that it would advance by rapidly accelerating strides ?

Each investigator of any particular group becomes at once a

focus to which all chance observations by others are referred ; it

is thus that, in looking through Mr. Smith’s “ Monograph of the

British Bees,” we find that it condenses not merely his own ob-

servations during twenty years, but also a mass of extraneous

observations made by others, themselves unaware of their value,

but which, being communicated to Mr. Smith, were at once re-

cognised by him as supplying some important link in the chain of

information he was collecting.

And this alone is no slight help to the progress of Entomology.

Every year and during the season, one may say every day, a

number of observations are made, some merely repetitions of such

as had been often made before, some confirmatory of facts which

rested only on the evidence of single observations, some made for

the first time. Many, very many of these never get recorded ;

the observers are not aware of their value. But, let each branch

of the extensive circle of Entomology have its special investigator,

and each observer can at once refer to him any fact which has

struck him, bearing, or supposed to bear, upon his special subject ;

and though we can never expect that every observation made will

be rendered available, we may reasonably expect that the number

of observations which at present fall still-born to the ground will

be reduced.

The substance of the deductions arrived at, in the progress of

this inquiry, is as follows.

1. Let each student of Entomology restrict himself to some

limited field of investigation.

2, Let each make known the object of his peculiar predilections

and encourage general observers to communicate to him

any facts bearing upon it.

8. Let each, as soon as he has acquired and digested a suffi-

cient amount of knowledge, publish it in an intelligible

form, not restricting himself solely to details, but wherever

opportunities occur, generalising the subject as much as

the extent of his knowledge will permit.

Immediately this third point has been reached on any one

branch, it will give a vast impetus to its study, and will~render

the co-operation of observers more active and also more service~

of the Study of Entomology. 4]

able, each seeing to what especial point his attention should be

directed. .

If, instead of pursuing the course here pointed out, each indi-

vidual were to content himself with a general information ona

variety of subjects, it would be utterly impossible to make any

real progress, for each observation that happened to be made

would be comparatively useless, there being no one to whom to

refer, in order to ascertain whether it was of any value or not.

When this is borne in mind it can hardly excite our wonder that

Entomology should hitherto have progressed with such painful

slowness, and it may indeed cause surprise that so much time

should have been spent in elaborating theories, whilst a collection

of facts on which alone theories ought to have been founded was

disregarded.

The first step in the progress of our investigations in any

branch of our science is to draw a line of demarcation between

what is known and what is not known.

The student who is earnestly at work will never be anxious

that any discoveries he may make should be especially recorded

as his discoveries; his object is that all new discoveries be

recorded and made generally available, not for the enhancement

of his own honour, but for the furtherance of science ; for however

numerous may be the new observations he may make, or the con-

necting links in the arrangement of groups which he may be the

first to seize, he will bear in mind that his talents of observation

and perception are but given to him for a definite purpose, and he

cannot but remember the inquiry—

«© What hast thou, that thou did’st not receive ?

Now if thou did’st receive it, why boastest thou

Thyself, as though thou had’st not received it ?”

The earnest and truth-seeking student will never cavil at another

for reproducing his ideas, even if he do so without acknowledg-

ment; a third party might make such complaint with a good

grace, but never the individual supposed to be aggrieved. To

complain querulously that another has published his ideas, would

lead one strongly to infer that he did not pursue science for its

own sake, but for the sake of some honour or distinction it might

confer.

And the student who enters upon a long course of investiga-

tions will not be disheartened or dismayed by the reflection that

in all probability he will never live to complete them; his object

is to be “ doing something,” whether he ever bring that which he

42 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the Study of Entomology.

is doing to completion or not; if he leaves his work unfinished,

others will rise up after him and resume the thread of his labours

and carry the good work onward; but whilst we contend that

there is no room for faint-heartedness in considering the shortness

and uncertainty of life, we must not forget to draw from it the

wholesome lesson of doing at once what we have in our power to

do, and not delaying and postponing this or that investigation for

“4 more convenient season”’ that may never come,

IV. Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Asiatic

Longicorn Coleoptera. By F. P. Pascoz, Esq., F.LS.,

ce:

[Read 3rd March, 1856.]

Tue collections of insects recently sent to this country by Mr.

Wallace from Malacca and Borneo are especially rich in the longi-

corn Coleoptera, the greater part being new to Entomologists.

The more remarkable I now bring to the notice of the Society,

and to these I have added a few others yet undescribed collected

by Mr. Fortune in North China.

BLeMMyaA,

Maxillary palpi shorter than the labial, with the terminal joints

in both rounded; mandibles produced; antennz short, with the

basal joint thick and longer than the third, the sixth to the

eleventh widely dilated on one side; thorax unarmed, rounded,

wider behind; elytra depressed ; legs short, robust.

A remarkable genus, whose nearest affinity appears to be with

Mallosoma.

Blemmya Whitei. (Pl. XVI. fig. 6.)

B. atra; scutello albo; elytris atris, carinatis, fascid angusta

alba, in singulis interruptaé. Borneo.

Black, thickly and roughly punctured, a fringe of white

appressed hairs on the posterior margin of the prothorax, but in-

terrupted as they approach the scutellum, and not continuous be-

Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of Asiatic Coleoptera. 43

neath ; elytra with a prominent carina on each commencing at the

basal angle and indistinctly terminating near the apex ; rather below

the middle a narrow band formed of white hairs, interrupted at the

carina, and scarcely confluent at the suture; beneath black; the

posterior margins of the episternum and margin of the first abdo-

minal segment each furnished with a fringe of white hairs,

Length 73 lines.

Blemmya bifasciata.

B. atra; scutello concolore; elytris atris, fasciis angustis

duabus albis. Borneo.

Size of the last; black, very closely punctured, fringe of white

hairs at the posterior margin of the prothorax, continuous, two

white hairy fascize dividing the elytra into three equal parts ; under

surface as in B. Whitei, but tomentose, with four abdominal seg-

ments margined with white. There is only a faint trace of the

carina in this species.

PRoTHEMA.

Head rather produced; palpi equal, subfiliform ; antennz long,

with the sixth to the tenth joints dilated on one side towards the

end; thorax rounded, wider behind; elytra rather short, de-

pressed; scutellum minute; four anterior legs moderate; pos-

terior lengthened, with their tarsi compressed.

This genus, like the last, appears to be allied to Mallosoma.

Prothema signata. (Pl. XVI. fig. 5.)

P. atra, scabra, corpore subtus hirto; elytris singulis maculis

duabus pilosis ochraceis, und, scutellare curvata, altera pone

mediam transversa lunulata. China Borealis.

Black, with the head, thorax and elytra rough from numerous

small granulations, a curved line from near the shoulder bordering

the scutellum and directed outwards, and a transverse lunulate

spot below the middle of each elytron covered with ochraceous

hairs ; body beneath tomentose, white, with a diluted saffron yellow

tinge on the sides.

Length 7 lines.

Prothema funerea.

P. atra, scabra, pilis flavescentibus infra vestita. China

Borealis.

Black, and granulated as in the last, but without any hairy

44 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

specks in the elytra. In my specimen the under surface is not so

brightly marked as in the first species, and the sides of the elytra

are nearly parallel, not dilated posteriorly.

Length 7 lines.

AcrocyRTA.

$ Antenne longer than the body, basal and fourth joint shorter

than the third, fifth to the eleventh longest and subequal, and all

from the third to the ninth more or less thickened and spined at

the end; the eleventh (in ¢ only) hooked ; thorax lengthened,

subcylindrical; elytra rounded, spined at the apex ; legs long,

four posterior femora biapiculate, tibiz and tarsi much com-

pressed.

The remarkable apical hook of the antenne exactly resembles

that of Ancylocera, but is found only in the males; the genus is

allied to Clytus.

Acrocyrta clytoides. (Pl. XVI. fig. 1.)

A. atra; prothorace punctata, angulis posterioribus albo-mar-

ginatis; elytris pilosis, maculis duabus, scutelloque albis.

Borneo.

Black, head minutely punctured; prothorax more coarsely and

closely punctured, the inferior and lower margin with a narrow

border of white hairs, the anterior portion having an indistinct

blueish blotch on each side; scutellum white; elytra impunctate,

with two white hairy fasciate marks, the basal mark bent with its

apex towards the scutellum, the apical nearly transverse in both,

becoming attenuate as they approach the margin; body beneath

pilose, black, with the borders of the episternum and two first

abdominal segments white; antenne with the first five joints

black, the three next leaden at the base, the rest black.

Length 73 lines. q

Astathes simulator.

A. rubro-miniata, hirsuta; thorace gibbosa; elytris concavis,

postice dilatatis, apice marginali oblique spinosis; oculis

nigris. Borneo.

Ofa dark red colour and shining, covered with nearly erect

setose hairs; thorax rough, raised into a prominent somewhat

bifid gibbosity ; elytra concave, posteriorly dilated, and each ter-

minating on the inner margin in a spine directed obliquely out-

ward ; antennz with the last two or three joints black.

Length ¢ 4 lines; @ 5 lines.

and Species of Asiatic Longicorn Coleoptera. 45

At the first glance this species closely resembles the West

African A. testator, F., from which, however, it is abundantly

distinguished by the apical spine and well marked characters in

the elytra and antenne.

SERIXIA.

Head wider than the thorax, the antenne filiform, longer than

the body, with the first, third and fourth joints sub-equal and

slightly spined at the end, the under surface ciliated; thorax

short, equal, with the anterior and posterior margins grooved ;

elytra depressed, dilated posteriorly.

This genus has much the form of Astathes and Entelopes, but

differs from both in its longer and more slender antenne.

Serixia apicalis. (Pl. XVI. fig. 3.)

S. griseo-glauca, nitida; elytris sericeo-tomentosis, striato-

punctatis, apice luteis; thorace, capite, antennisque nigris ;

pedibus flavis. Malacca.

Glaucous grey, the elytra silky shining, striate punctate, with a

bright luteous spot on the apex of each; antenne and eyes

black ; the head and thorax black, with a slight tinge of grey ; legs

yellow.

Length 5 lines.

Serizia modesta.

S. griseo-nitida; elytris sericeo-tomentosis punctato-striatis ;

thorace capiteque obscure fulvis; antennis nigris; pedibus

flavis. Borneo.

Smaller than the last, and without the apical spot; the head

and prothorax of a dull fulvous colour, in other respects very

similar.

Length 4 lines.

NEOXANTHA.

Head small; eyes reniform, undivided; antenne moderate;

maxillary palpi clavate; prothorax rounded, equal; elytra

convex ; legs robust.

A genus near Astathes, but differs in its reniform undivided

eyes, clavate palpi and other characters.

Neoxantha amicta. (Pl. XVI. fig. 4.)

N. croceo-flava, pilosa; prothorace tuberculis tribus nigro-

nitidis ; elytris singulis plagis duabus viridi-nigris ; antennis

variegatis, tarsis nigris. China Borealis.

Light saffron yellow, densely hairy, with longer setose hairs

46 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

sparingly interspersed; a black triangular spot between and

rather behind the eyes; prothorax with one central and two

black mamillated shining tubercles; each elytron with two

greenish black median patches, one discoidal, the other at the side

beneath it; sides of the mesothorax and first abdominal segments

black; antennz with the third and fourth joints yellowish, the

rest black; tarsi and ends of the femora black.

Length 7 lines.

Entelopes Wallacei.

E. rubro-fulva; elytris punctatis, pectore ventreque nigris ;

pedibus fulvis ; femoribus posticis nigris. Borneo.

Of a dull brick red colour, with the elytra much punctured ;

eyes black, antenne pale ; legs pale reddish yellow, thighs of the

posterior pair of legs almost entirely black ; metathorax and abdo-

men black. .

Length 6 lines.

The form of this species is more elongate than in Z. glauca, and

there is no trace of any spots. It appears to be very rare, as Mr.

Wallace has sent but a single specimen to England.*

DIALEcEs.

$ Head with the neck long, the eyes entirely divided, the palpi

equal; antennz longer than the body, with the basal joint short ©

and thick, the third very long, and this with the four or five fol-

lowing nodose, and densely ciliated beneath; thorax elongate,

unarmed, narrower before and transversely wrinkled; elytra long,

narrow, truncate and spined at each angle; legs rather long, the

femora very robust, the tarsi compressed.

Dialeges differs from the restricted genus Cerambyx (Hamma-

ticherus) in its divided eyes, ciliated antenne, the remarkable

elongation of its neck, and the thorax without the lateral spine.

* Since this paper was read, I have seen Dejean’s specimen of Entelopes bre-

vicollis (E. glauca, Buq.), in M. Chevrolat’s collection, and I have little doubt of

its being the same species as that which I have figured under the supposition of its

being distinct. It wants, however, the apical spot, and on comparison there may

be other differences. It is from Java. Mr. Wallace sends another insect from

Malacca, smaller, with larger spots, which he considers to be specifically distinct ;

as he has had the advantage of seeing them in a living state, there may be some

differences in their habits or economy which has led him to this opinion. In this

ease, Dejean’s E. brevicollis will be a third species, and Ei. Wallacei will then

rank as a fourth.

and. Species of Asiatic Longicorn Coleoptera. 47

Dialeges pauper. (Pl. XVI. fig. 7.)

D. brunnea, sericeo-pilosa; prothorace corrugatd; elytris

brunneo-velutinis, singulis plagis duabus sub-quadratus

fuscis. Borneo, Malacca.

Head and prothorax greyish-brown, the latter with a darker or

nearly black figure resembling the letter W ; elytra velvety, light

brown with silvery reflections, and having each two oblique and

somewhat quadrate blotches of dark brown ; beneath brown, with -

a whitish tomentum.

Length 13 lines.

Another of Mr, Wallace’s Bornean insects closely resembles the

above in its colouring, and I have no doubt will prove to be the

female ; it is much smaller, less elongate, with small femora, an-

tennz shorter than the body, and altogether of a different cha-

racter, being perfectly glabrous and having the last six or seven

joints compressed and dilated at their extremities.

Triammatus Chevrolati.

T. griseo-hirtus, nigro-variegatus; elytris tuberculis nigris

nitidis, singulis plagis duabus nigro-brunneis ; subtus griseis,

lateribus capitis pectorisque albis. Borneo.

Hairy, greyish, variegated with black; on the head three and

on the prothorax five indistinct black lines, a white line com-

mencing from under the eyes and gradually spreading out into a

patch on the mesothorax; elytra with numerous black tubercles

near the shoulders, and with coarse black punctures below, having

on each a well-defined brown patch, and below, but extending to

the margin, another and larger one, and between these a white

mark ; antenne with the fourth joint (2) brown, the fifth to the

last brown only at the ends.

Length 10 lines.

Monohammus luridus.

M. piceus, punctulatus, subtus albo-pilosus, elytris punctatis,

nigro-maculatis, pilis cinereis tectis. China Borealis.

Head and thorax pitchy, minutely punctured, elytra covered

with ashy grey hairs, irregularly punctured and having on each

about twelve black spots; body beneath covered with whitish

hairs, legs black, sparingly clothed with short whitish hairs ; an-

_ tenn black.

Length 6 lines,

This will come into the group with M. beryllinus, Hope, and

other allied species.

48 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

Monohammus aspersus.

M. atro-fuscus; prothoracis lateribus fulvo-vittatis; elytris

piceis, punctatis, fulvo-maculatis, corpore subtus castaneo.

Malacca.

Dark brown, a fulvous line in front of the eye, and another be-

neath, both extending to the mouth; prothorax with a narrow

line on each side, and above the spine; elytra pitchy, irregularly

punctured and having numerous spots varying in size scattered

over the surface ; antenne brown, with the third, fourth and fifth

joints lighter at the base; legs, palpi and under surface chesnut

brown.

Length 8 lines.

Monohammus infelix.

M. brunneus subsericeus; elytris punctatis, fasciis duabus

undulatis obscure plumbeis. China Borealis.

Brown, with a slight silky pubescence, thorax rather narrow,

nearly smooth, elytra irregularly punctured, deeper near the

shoulders, which are without tubercles, and having two waved

plumbeous bands, the lower the most distinct, but neither meeting

at the suture; under surface silky brownish white; legs brown;

antenne brown; the basal part of nearly all the joints lead

colour.

Length 7 lines.

Monohammus blattoides.

M. convexus, piceus ; antennis mediocris ; capite prothoraceque

punctatis, vittisque sextis fulvis longitudinaliter dispositis ;

elytris maculis pilosis fulvis, humeris productis. Borneo.

Convex, pitchy black, the antennee moderate (¢ with the fourth

and fifth joints fusiform) black, the bases of the joints from the

fourth to the seventh greyish white; head and thorax irregularly

punctured, and having six fulvous hairy stripes, two extending

from between the antenne to the elytra, and terminating on each

side the scutellum; another stripe commences behind the eye,

and a third beneath from the main line of the face, these last not

being visible from above; elytra longitudinally punctured and

covered with small distinct irregular hairy fulvous spots, each

elytron having near its humeral angle a wide prominent spine ;

under surface with more or less fulvous squamous patches at

the sides, particularly of the abdominal segments ; legs pitchy,

varied with grey.

Length 14 lines.

and Species of Asiatic Longicorn Coleoptera. 49

The peculiar antennz of the male, and the absence of the naked

shining‘ tubercles on the elytra, so general in the Monohammi,

appear to point this out as the type of a new genus.

Monohammus diophthalmus.

M. brevis, piceus, pilis brevibus cinereo-albis tectus; elytris

singulis basi sub-ocellatis, maculaque magna laterali brunneis 5

antennis mediocris sub-ciliatis. China Borealis.

Pitchy, covered with short greyish white hairs; sides of head

and thorax brown, having a broad stripe, extending from between

the antennz to the scutellum, greyish white; elytra with a small

brown sub-ocellate spot at the base, having five or six black

shining tubercles in the centre and several more on the shoulder,

a large brown somewhat triangular spot at the side, beyond the

middle and spreading out at the margin; antenne moderate, sub-

ciliated beneath ; legs, particularly the tarsi, covered with short

whitish hairs.

Length 12 lines.

This species is near M. crucifer, ¥., from Ceylon.

Monohammus ? angustus.

M. ? elongatus, pilosus, fulvo-brunneus ; prothorace tuberculato ;

elytris punctatis singulis plag4 obliqué laterali fusca; antennis

longis fuscis, pedibus brevibus fuscis. China Borealis.

Narrow, elongate, and covered with yellowish brown hairs ;

prothorax rather short, with numerous black shining tubercles,

the lateral spine acute ; elytra punctate, with an oblique dark

brown patch, not meeting at the suture, pointing and becoming

less determinate towards the apex, above this patch is a somewhat

yellowish mark and below it another ; legs brown and rather short,

particularly the posterior pair; antennz rather long, brown, the

joints generally darker towards their apices,

Length 9 lines.

In its lengthened form and short legs this insect assumes a

different facies from others of the genus Monohammus.

Golsinda tessellata.

G, nigra, densissimé pilosa; elytris albo-maculatis, profunde

punctatis ; antennis pedibusque annulatis. Borneo.

Dull brownish black, marked everywhere above with round or

oval distinct or occasionally confluent spots, but more obscurely

on the thorax and around the scutellum; on the head the principal

marks are a white patch on the cheeks, an x shaped mark be-

VOL. IV. N.S. PART II, —JANUARY, 1857. E

50 Mr. F. Pascoe’s Descriptions of Longicorn Coleoptera.

tween the eyes and an irregular spot behind them; the first nine

joints of the antennee, as well as the femora and tibia, more or less

annulated with black and light whitish grey, the two first joints of

the tarsi white, the third black, the claws grey with the hooks

black ; prothorax in the middle with five confluent tubercles, and

a smaller one at the side ; elytrairregularly and coarsely punctate,

and having two sharp spines or tubercles at the base of each, the

humeral angle less tuberculate ; antennee with the seventh joint

in the male having internally a small rounded tooth at the apex.

Length 10 lines.

Mr. White has favoured me with his MS. description of another

species (G. reticulata) closely allied to this, from India, but having

larger and more generally confluent spots or rather blotches, the

black portion being reduced to a mere reticulation. Both have

the antennz with the seventh joint toothed ; but in a third species

from Borneo (G. corallina, White’s MS.) this is absent.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES.

PLATE XVI.

Fig. 1. Acrocyrta clytoides.

2. Entelopes glauca, Buq. var.

3. Serivia apicalis.

4. Neoxantha amicta.

5. Prothema signata.

6. Blemmyu Whitei.

7. Dialeges pauper.

V. Characters of a few apparently undescribed Insects

collected by James Gibbon, Esq., at Moreton Bay. By

Epwarp Newman, Esq., F.L.S.

[Read 4th February, 1856.]

Clas COLEOPTERA, Linn.

Stirps ELATERINA, Newman.

Genus Exater, Linneus.

Sp. 1. Elater (Alaus) Gibboni, Newman.

Niger, lanugine brevi tricolori, i. e., albido, cinereo, nigro, dense

vestitus, quoad elytra colore nigro vittatim disposito, elytris et

prothorace medianis longitudinaliter detritis, lanugine denu-

datis, tunc aterrimis glaberrimis, illis 9-striatis, strus ordi-

natim profunde punctis: subtus, lanugine testaceo-fusco omnino

dense tectus. (Corp. long. 1°5 unc.; elytrorum lat. max.

5 unc.)

The serrated antennz are short, scarcely half as long at the

prothorax and of an opaque dingy black, the basal joints slightly

tinged with rust-colour, this being due to the pile, which appears

originally to have clothed every part of the insect ; the head is

semicircularly notched in front, its colour grey, sparingly inter-

spersed with black and testaceous scale-like hairs ; the eyes are

black, naked and brilliantly glabrous: the prothorax has on its

anterior margin two small teeth, which project slightly over the

head ; it is densely covered dorsally with greyish white pile, except

along the mesial line, where it appears to have been denuded by

friction, and where the exposed dermal envelope is intensely black

and brilliantly glabrous ; the grey pile is interrupted on the lateral

margins by five equidistant black spots, one occupying each angle

and three intervening, the middle one is the largest and is some-

what quadrate ; the pile of the prothorax, like that of the head, is

interrupted by specks of black and testaceous: the elytra are

densely clothed with pile, each has nine striz and the interspaces

are alternately slightly raised and slightly depressed ; the pile on

the depressed interspaces is tinged with testaceous, that on the

E 2

52 Mr. Newman’s Characters of

elevated interspaces is whiter and is interrupted by lengthened

spots of an intense velvety black. Beneath, every part of the in-

sect is covered with a dense concolorous pile of a testaceous brown

colour.

The species of the very natural division of Elater, which has

received the name of Alaus, are of uniform habit and uniformly

of large size: this beautiful species, the only Australian one which

[ have happened to meet with, is no exception, and I have been less

particular in details of form and sculpture, because they present no

salient differences. Mr. Gibbon found a single specimen in a

saw-pit, and I have great pleasure in associating it with the name

of one who has done so much for the Entomology of Australia,

and who has with such liberality presented the rarities of his col-

lection to our national Museum.

Sp. 2. Elater (Dorcostoma) Jansoni, Newman.

Obesus, depressus, subcomplanatus, fuscus, opacus, pilis sparsis

brevibus adpressis pallidioribus omnino tectus ; capite mediocri,

in prothorace recepto, prothorace duplo angustiori ; labro por-

recto acuto; mandibulis exsertis porrectis, extus hirsutis, pro-

minentibus, dente mediano valido interno armatis, apice uncinatis,

aculissimis ; oculis aterrimis glabris, prominulis ; prothorace

lato antice sinuato, lateribus dilatatis, antice subrotundatis pos-

tice subexcavatis, angulis posticis productis, dentem magnum

truncatum utriusque lateris fingentibus ; elytris dilatatis mar-

ginatis, costis paullulum at manifesto reflexis puncto-striatis,

stris 9. (Corp. long. 1 unc.; elytrorum lab. max. *425

unc. )

Brown, unicolorous without gloss, beset with short scattered

appressed hairs. Antennze about equal in length to the prothorax,

11-jointed, flattened, slightly serrated; labrum somewhat trigo-

nate, porrected, acute in front; mandibles very strong, porrected,

prominent, slightly hooked and very acute at the tips, and having

one large strong very acute tooth, situate about the middle of the

internal margin ; prothorax broad, the longitudinal and transverse

breadth nearly equal, its anterior margin excavated to receive the

head, and the excavation slightly sinuated, the lateral margins

dilated, anteriorly rounded, posteriorly somewhat excavated, each

posterior angle produced into a large blunt tooth; elytra broad,

somewhat depressed, the costal margin dilated and somewhat re-

flexed, the dilation originating below the shoulder; the disk im-

pressed with nine well-marked punctate strie, the interstices

afew apparently undescribed Insects. 53

somewhat convex, the punctures of strie regular, moderately

deep, very distinct; legs short; prosternum verrucate; mouth,

antennz and Jegs somewhat rufo-piceous, the whole under surface

clothed more thickly than the upper with short pale pile.

A single specimen of this interesting insect, captured by Mr.

Gibbon, is in that gentleman’s collection.

I have named it in honour of our learned Curator, Mr. Janson,

than whom no one has studied the Elaterina with more profound

science or acuteness. The species is particularly interesting, as

subserving the view entertained by the illustrious Kirby of con-

necting the Elaterina with certain Cebrionide, more particularly

with the Anelastes Drurii of Kirby, described and figured in the

twelfth volume of the Linnzean Transactions.—Linn. Trans. xii.

285.

Stirps CERAMBYCINA, Newman.

Genus STENODERUS.

Sp. 1. Stenoderus quietus, Newman.

Caput ac prothorax testacea, glaberrima, oculis antennisque ni-

gris; scutello nigro, quoad discum depresso opaco, quoad mar-

ginem posticum simicirculariter elevato; elytris latis testaceis

opacis nullo modo signatis, carinis elevatis 4 concoloribus ; pro-

sterno procoxisque lete testaceis, metasterno nigro ; mesocoxis

testaceis, mesofemoribus sordide testaceis; tibiis tarsisqyue om-

nibus, metapedibusque omnino nigris ; abdomine chalybeo-nigro,

lumine mutato iridescente. (Corp. long. *5 unc.; elytrorum

lat. °15 unc.)

Head and prothorax above and below bright testaceous, very

glabrous: eyes, antenne and scutellum black; elytra testaceous,

opaque, broader than is usual in the genus; each has four sharp

well-defined parallel ridges extending throughout its entire length ;

the fore and middle coxz are testaceous; the fore and middle

femora testaceous, but more dusky ; all the tibiae and tarsi and

the whole of the hind legs are black, devoid of gloss; the meta-

sternum and abdomen are black and shining, and exhibit iridescent

colours when moved in the light.

Hab. Moreton Bay. A single specimen was collected by Mr.

Gibbon, together with abundance of allied species, as Pentacosmia

atricilla, Stenoderus ostricilla, &c.

54 Mr. Newman’s Characters of

Class LEPIDOPTERA, Linn.

Stirps SPHINGINA, Newman.

Genus Deitepnita, Ochsenheimer.

Sp. 1. Deilephila Dali, Newman. :

Alis anticis fuscis, colore transversim undato ; lunulé mediand non-

nunquam puncto quoque proximo niveis ; posticis ferrugineis

nullo modo signatis ; abdomine pallide fusco incisuris satura-

tioribus. (Corp. long. 1°6 unc.; alarum dilat. 3 unc.)

The fore wings are brown, waved transversely with a some-

what darker hue; near the centre of the disk of the wing is a

snow-white lunule, and almost close to the anterior limb of this,

but slightly nearer the apex of the wing, and also nearer its costa,

is a spot of the same colour; these markings, very conspicuous

and ornamental in the greater number of specimens, are subject

to much variation, both as to magnitude and distinctness, the

white in some instances is tinged more or less with the prevailing

colour of the wing, and occasionally is altogether obliterated ;

hind wings altogether ferruginous, with paler cilia. Head, tho-

racic segments and abdomen brown, the last decidedly the palest,

but each segment has on each side a dark patch at the base.

Beneath, the clothing of the face and palpi is whitish, the sternum

and abdomen brownish grey; the fore wings are dingy brown,

with two narrow transverse and somewhat indistinct waved dis-

coidal lines.

A common species at Moreton Bay. Mr. Gibbon took it in

some abundance. I have named it in honour of Mr. Dale, of

Glanville’s Wootton, one of our very best practical Entomolo-

gists.

Genus Macroctossa, Ochsenheimer.

Sp. 1. Macroglossa Nox, Newman.

Fusco-nigra ; alis posticis nigerrimis, margine costali late albido ;

abdominis segmentis lateraliter nigro niveoque ornatis. (Corp.

long. 1°5 unc.; alarum dilat. 2-2 unc.}

Above, the palpi, head, thoracic segments and fore wings are

dark brown approaching to black, the fore wings exhibiting traces

of transverse fasciz of a darker hue, and all these also exhibit

a few apparently undescribed Insects. 55

slight metallic reflections of green and blue; the hind wings are

intensely black as regards all that portion exposed when the wings

are extended at right angles with the body, but in the folded por-

tion near the abdomen are two pale clouds, and the entire costal

margin covered by the fore wing is white; the abdomen is nigro-

geneous along the middle, the zneous tint being due to a rather

copious sprinkling of glittering golden scales among the black ;

three segments near the base have, on each side, a basal black

spot and a marginal white one; the anal brush is black, the tips

of the scales paler. Beneath, the palpi, face and sternum are

whitish grey, the dark colour of the epicranium and the white of

the under side distinctly and abruptly separated from each other,

the dark colour descending obliquely to the lower margin of the

eye; the abdomen blackish, approaching to grey towards the

anus, but the anal brush quite black; the basal segments are

marked with white in the centre, and four of the segments have a

very conspicuous snow-white spot on each lateral margin; the

fore wings are black, inclining to grey at the base, and the hind

wings are black exteriorly, but grey towards the base, and espe-

cially in the folded portion near the abdomen.

This appears to be a common insect at Moreton Bay. Mr.

Gibbon brought home many specimens, some of which are pre-

sented to the British Museum.

Stirps BOMBYCINA, Newman.

Genus Castuto, Walker.

Sp. 1. Castulo Doubledayi, Newman.

Antennis bipectinatis nigris, ramulis fuscescentibus ; epicranio

oculisque nigris ; labipalpis porrectis lete miniatis ; prothorace

minialto ; mesothorace atque patagiis nigricantibus ; abdomine

rufescenti; alis anticis nigricantibus, costd rufescenti, maculd

basali rufescente vagd, maculd prope angulum analem albidé ;

posticis flavis, margine postico late nigricante. (Alarum dilat.

1-2 unc.)

Male.—Labial palpi bright red, somewhat acuminate, ascending

and porrected ; crown of the head and eyes black; antenne rather

less than half as long as the fore wings, strongly bipectinated, the

shaft black, the pectinations pale brown; prothorax bright red ;

mesothorax and. tippets nearly black; abdomen reddish-orange

coloured ; fore wings—above—black, sprinkled with orange scales,

56 Mr. Newman’s Characters of

but these, although numerous, are so minute as scarcely to alter

the general black colour of the wing; costa red for about half its

length,—this colour commences within a short distance of the base,

and extends beyond the middle; at the basal angle of the hinder

margin is a reddish spot, and above this, between it and the costa,

are two very small spots of the same colour,—on the hinder mar-

gin also, and near its anal angle, is a cream-coloured blotch,

various both in size and shape; hind wings bright orange, with a

broad black border, which ceases just before the anal angle; fore

wings (beneath) blackish-brown, with the costa red, and a yel-

lowish suffused blotch near the anal angle and extending thence

along the margin to the base; hind wings reddish-orange, with a

central black lunule and a broad black border, this diminishes

towards the anal angle, before reaching which it ceases entirely,—

the extreme margin of the wing is paler, and the cilia again dark;

the under side of the head, thoracic segments and the coxe are

bright red; femora reddish-black in front, tibize blackish mingled

with red; fore and middle tarsi blackish, hind tarsi golden yellow;

fore tibize unarmed, middle tibize with two strong apical spines,

hind tibiz with four strong spines—two median, two apical; ab-

domen (beneath) red, with a black vitta along the middle, and a

row of black dots along each side; the three segments preceding

the anus are slightly dilated laterally, and each furnished with a

Jateral tuft or brush somewhat as in Macroglossa.

This species is certainly allied to others which Mr. Walker has

placed in his new genus Castulo, but is quite distinct from any he

has described. Setina irrorella and Gnophria rubicollis are its

nearest allies in the British Fauna. I have named it after my

friend Henry Doubleday, who is, nemine contradicente, the prince

of British Lepidopterists. Two specimens only were taken.

Class DIPTERA, Linn.

Stirps TABANINA, Newman.

Genus Panconta, Fabricius.

Sp. 1. Pangonia Walkeri, Newman.

Testacea, nitida; scutello, sterno ventireque aterrimis ; alis nili-

dissimis hyalinis, nebula apicali fusca; pedibus basi fuscis,

apice libiis tarsisque testaceis. (Corp. long. *75 unc.; alarum

dilat. *85 unc.)

Testaceous above and very shining, yet clothed in patches with

fulvo-testaceous pubescence ; the rostrum is not longer than the

of a few apparently undescribed Insects. 57

mesothorax, the eyes dark brown, the head clothed below with

hoary pubescence; mesonotum testaceous, brilliantly glabrous ;

seutellum black, glabrous; sternum black, but clothed with a

hoary fulvous pubescence; abdomen fulvous above, with a

median, not very distinct, blackish marking extending from the

scutellum to the third segment, black beneath, with the exception

of a pale yellowish band immediately behind the hind legs, and

this is interrupted by three black obscurely defined markings, one

of them central, the others lateral; coxze and nearly the whole of

the femora dark brown, approaching to black; tibiz and tarsi

testaceous.

Hab. Moreton Bay, North Australia; a single specimen was

taken by Mr. Gibbon, and is in that gentleman’s collection. The

species of Pangonia is dedicated to Mr. Walker, whose labours in

the Diptera are familiar to all Entomologists, and to whom I am

indebted for pointing out the novelties in the Lepidoptera and

Diptera in this collection.

Stirps ASILINA, Newman.

Genus Dasyrocon, Meigen.

Sp. 1. Dasypogon Grantii, Newman.

Niger, lanugine brevissimo aureo passim vestitus ; alis opacis,

lete fulvis; pedibus nigris ; femoribus apice, tibiis basi, lete

testaceis. (Corp. long. ‘85 unc.; alarum dilat. 1 unc.)

Black, clothed in patches with a very short golden pile; face

clothed with brilliant golden pile; rostrum and antenne black ;

wings opaque, deep rich fulvous, the colour deeper in the vicinity

of the rays, which are concolorous, paler in the centres of the

cells; femora black at base, testaceous at apex; tibize testaceous

at base, black at apex; tarsi entirely black, each joint emitting

strong black spines; claws very strong and black, pulvilli pale

yellow.

Hab. Moreton Bay, North Australia, where a single specimen

was taken by Mr. Gibbon, and is in that gentleman's collection.

This species is dedicated to Mr. Frederick Grant, a most diligent

collector of British Diptera.

58 Mr. W. W. Saunders on the

VI. On the Transformations of Natal Lepidoptera. By

W. W. Saunpers, Esq., F.R.S., &c. &e.

[Read June 2nd, 1856.]

Tue accompanying drawings of the transformations of several

species of Lepidoptera from S. E. Africa were made by Mr. R. W.

Plant, of Natal, so well known as a collector of objects of natural

history. The drawings were accompanied with very scanty

details regarding the habits and economy of the species depicted ;

still I think they may be useful to Entomologists, and I therefore

beg to lay them before the Entomological Society as a slight con-

tribution towards the history of the Lepidoptera of S. E. Africa.

The species of Lebeda, Walk., which is figured, appears new to

science, and the following are the characters of it, which have

been kindly contributed by Mr, Walker.

Lebeda cuneilinea, Walker.

Foem. Cinereo-fusca ; antenne laté pectinate ; abdomen cer-

vinum; alz antice cervinez, cinereo-subfasciate, guttis

discalibus lineaque exteriore transversa angulosa nigris tes-

taceo-marginatis ; posticz cervine.

Female.—Cinereous brown. Antenne deeply pectinated. Ab-

domen and wings fawn colour; fore wings with two indistinct,

incomplete and diffuse cinereous bands, with a few black dots, and

with one testaceous dot in the disk, and with an exterior trans-

verse oblique zigzag black testaceous bordered line. Wings be-

neath pale fawn colour, with two distinct regular complete darker

bands.

Length of the body, 21 lines; of the wings, 48 lines.

There are two other African species of this genus, L. contraria

and L. bipars ; and L. cuneilinea is nearly allied to, but distinct

from, the former, which inhabits West Africa.

Transformations of Natal Lepidoptera. 59

REFERENCE TO PLATES.

PLATE XIII.

Fig. la. Larva of Papilio Policenes, Cram.

1b. Pupa of do.

lc. Larva, name unknown.

2. Larva of a Sphina.

8a. Larva of Attacus mythimna, West.

3b. Cocoon of do.

PLATE XIV.

Fig. 1. Larva of Anthona arata, West.

la. Pupa of do.

2. Larva, name unknown.

3a. Larva of Egybolia Vaillantina, Boisd.

3b. Pupa of do.

3c. Perfect insect.

PLATE XV.

Fig. la. Larva of Lebeda cuneilinea, Walk.

1b. Cocoon of do.

lc. Perfect insect.

2a. Larva, unknown.

2b. Cocoon of do.

60 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Notes on the

VII. Notes on the Wing Veins of Insects. By J. O.

Westwoop, Esa., F.L.S.

[Read June 2, 1856.]

Ir cannot but have been observed by persons who have taken the

trouble to watch the progress of Entomological science during the

past quarter of a century, that there has grown up a very constant

practice, where difficulties of a physiological] kind have arisen with

reference to the structures or uses of particular organs of the in-

sect world, of assuming that we are in the necessary inability to

determine the question, because the general construction of these

tribes of animals is so very different from that of ourselves and

other vertebrated tribes. This kind of reasoning appears to me,

however, in many cases to be only a plea for ignorance, carelessness

of investigation or sluggishness of mind in reasoning upon the facts

which our own researches, or those of previous authors, have re-

vealed. ‘That insects have no orifices in the head which we can

assign definitely to those of the ears or nose of the higher animals,

is no reason why insects should not hear or smell; but that with

elaborately furnished mouths and digestive apparatus, delicate in-

struments of touch, wonderfully-constructed eyes, most powerful

muscles, and a singular system of circulation, we should affirm that

we cannot understand the physiology of the senses of taste, touch

and sight, or the proceses of motion or circulation, appears to me

to be unworthy of the advanced state of physiological science in the

present day. A paper entitled a “ Memorandum on the Wing Rays

of Insects,” by Mr. Newman, has been recently published in our

Transactions, Vol. I[I. N.S. p. 225, so full of what appears to me

to be false deductions, and in which the differences between exosteate

and endosteate animals is so strongly insisted upon, that I must

take leave to trouble the Society with a few notes on the subject.

After remarking upon the necessity of some one rising to take

up the mantle of George Newport, and upon the great assistance

which the nervures, veins, ribs, rays or bones of the wings of in-

sects afford in enabling us to distinguish species, genera, and even

families from each other, Mr. Newman believes he is correct in

saying that we make no attempt to ascertain their use, or to learn

Wing Veins of Insects. 61

the allotted part which they play in the economy of the animal,

the definite function which these organs are specially created to

perform; and then he mentions a series of celebrated authors who

have not attempted to work out conclusions which they have left

to be inferred from the names which they have given to the

various parts in question. But in this list he singularly omits

the names of those great modern physiologists who have actually

treated upon this question, including even George Newport himself,

whose remarks, subsequently to be cited, it is evident that he can

never have read. In like manner, at the same time he completely

ignores the peritracheal controversy which has attracted so much

attention lately on the continent. The following passages, from

the works of Owen, Burmeister and Newport, will prove distinctly

that circulation takes place in the wings of insects through these

nervures, veins, or whatever else they have been termed.

Professor Owen, in his lectures on the invertebrate animals, ob-

serves, ‘The strong and numerous nervures which sustain the

thin alary membranes of the Lzbellula are articulated processes of

the external chitinous tegument. A circulation can be traced

through these membranes, at least in their early and softer state ;

air vessels are abundantly spread over the supporting frame work.

** The wings of insects are essentially flattened vesicles sustained

by slender but firm hollow tubes called nervures, along which

branches of the tracheze and channels of the circulation are con-

tinued.

“The chief merit of the re-discovery of the circulation of blood

in insects is due to Carus, its phenomena having been witnessed

in the appendages of insects by other observers, as Ehrenberg,

Wagner, Burmeister, Bowerbank and Tyrrell.”

Professor Burmeister (Man. of Entomology, translated, p. 96)

observes, that “‘in outward appearance the wings present them-

selves as flexible but dry membranes, which are traversed by

various horny ribs. These ribs, or more properly verns, as they

are in fact vessels, but incorrectly called nerves, arise all from the

roots of the wing.” And again (p. 407), “ In all perfect insects of

the order Dictyotoptera (Neuroptera), namely, in the wings of just

disclosed Libellule (L. depressa) and Ephemere (E. lutea and mar-

ginata), Carus saw a distinct motion of the blood. Hemerobius chry-

sops, Semblis bilineata and S. viridis exhibited in their wings (and

the latter also in their antennz) a motion of the juices. In the

former Carus saw the streaming blood pass upon the anterior

margin through the chief ribs and distribute itself upon the whole

margin to the apex; it returned back through the ribs, lying

62 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Notes on the

nearest to the posterior margin. Through the central connecting

transverse ribs blood also passed from the proceeding to the

returning current.’’ Burmeister then enters into lengthy details,

both structural and physiological, the result of which is that

although the ribs, as the translator calls them, contain trachee, or

air vessels, the latter are enclosed within a vacant space, in which

the juices can freely circulate (p. 412).

Newport, again (article “Insecta,” in Cyclop. Anat. and

Physiology, p. 112), after stating the observations of Carus, Bur-

meister, T'yrrell, Wagner, and especially Bowerbank, in the En-

tomol. Magazine, vol. 1, p. 243, as well as observations of his

own, proceeds, “ From these facts we are led to express an

opinion, which has been long entertained by us, that the course of

the blood, whether simply along intercellular spaces, or bounded

by distinct vessels, is almost invariably in immediate connexion

with the course of the tracheze. This opinion is founded upon

the circumstance that nearly all the observations that have

hitherto been made have shown that the currents of blood in the

body of an insect are often in the vicinity of the great tracheal

vessels, both in their longitudinal and transverse direction across

the segments, and it is further strengthened by Mr. Bowerbank’s

observations on the course of the blood in the wing.” After de-

tailing these observations, he concludes, ‘‘ These observations are

exceedingly interesting in reference to the general velocity of the

circulation, and the means by which it is carried on in the wing.

The entire absence of pulsations is remarkable, as it completely

identifies these vessels as VEINS, since it is well known that the cir-

culation is carried on through the body by means of regular pulsa-

tions of the dorsal vessel.

Such are the considerations which induced me, in my portion of

the “ Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera,” to employ the term vein

for these organs, and to assert that physiological investigations

had proved them to be such.

But Mr. Newman (after demolishing a phantom of his own

creation, in the shape of a nerve hypothesis, every writer who had

employed the term nervure having expressly guarded himself

from the implication of an inferred identity between the functions

of true nerves and these nervures, the latter of which names

cannot be considered as a dimunitive of the former, but has

always been used and intended as a distinct term), and after

also citing my observations in the “Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera,”

hesitates to accept the premises, because he denies that a single

observation has ever been made that can warrant such a conclu-

Wing Veins of Insects. 63

sion. I can only account for such a denial on the supposition that

Mr. Newman had not taken the trouble to consult the leading

authorities on the subject.

But Mr. Newman further rejects the vein theory, because the

organs in question form a strong durable frame work supporting

a filmy membrane, like the paper on the frame of a kite, and

because certain profoundly-devised experiments of his own, such

as cutting the leading bars or rays of the frame across, and re-

moving the membrane itself from the frame-work, have taught him

(what every child who ever sent up a kite into the air would have

told him was self-evident), that the structure would not support

the object in the air if the frame of the kite were sent up without

paper, or if the chief bars of the frame were broken. Unques-

tionably, then, Mr. Newman’s assertion, that these organs are in-

struments of support, is correct; in fact, it has never been dis-

puted, but on the contrary affirmed by all writers; but it does

not thence follow that the organs in question are not veins. An

electric wire is not less an electric wire because it is enveloped in

a gutta percha tube, and used as an electric telegraph wire. In

the construction of the wings of insects two objects were neces-

sary, a system of support and a system of circulation which re-

quired defence, and we see in the arrangement of these organs

one of the most admirable contrivances of a divine and omniscient

Creator which can be pointed out in the many marvellous pecu-

liarities of the insect frame.

Having, however, arrived at the conclusion that the rays of an

insect’s wing perform precisely the same functions as the bones of

a bat’s wing, and that the wing of a butterfly is the exact analogue

of the wing of a bat, Mr. Newman seems to have been alarmed at

the result, and instead of employing for these organs the name of

any of the bones of the vertebrata (one of which, rib, or rippe, has

been long used for them by German Entomologists), he rejects

Dr. Leach’s term, pterygostea or wing-bones, and thinks “ that

the simple word ray, Latinized by radius, will be found suffi-

ciently descriptive, and fortunately possesses another claim, that

of priority.”

I readily admit that if we knew nothing of the functions of

these organs, it would be very advisable to apply to them a name

which implies no known function, just as it is still advisable to

retain the name antennz in preference to that of feelers or ears,

but with positive physiological facts before us, | maintain that

we are fully justified in giving to these organs the name of

veins.

64 Mr. J. O. Westwood on the Wing Veins of Insects.

I have only to add that the final remark of Mr. Newman quoted

above is a fallacy. The term radius has not the priority over

that of nervures, or veins, for the organs in question. Jurine,

who first proposed the term radius, employed that of nervures

for the organs in question. ‘ Ayant étudié les ailes des hyménop-

téres et des diptéres, j’ai remarqué que leurs nervures formaient

un réseau cellulaire, &c.” (N. Méth. class Hym., p. 2); and after

describing the two strong parallel nervures at the anterior margin

of the wing, he says, “Ces deux nervures n’ayant pas encore

recu de nom, jai jugé qu'il était nécessaire de leur en donner

un :—en conséquence j’ai donné celui de radius a la nervure ex-

terne et celui de cubitus 4 l’interne” (/bid. p. 3).

P.S. Since these notes were written a remarkable memoir by

A. H. Haliday, Esq., on the same subject, and in which the vein

theory is also maintained, has appeared in the Dublin Natural

History Review.

VIII. A Revision of the British Atomarie ; with Observa-

tions on the Genus. By T. Vernon Wottaston, Esq.

Wo. bbe,

[Read 5th January, 1857.]

Havine paid some little attention, during the last few years, to

our native Atomarie, I propose, in the following paper, to lay

before the Society an enumeration of the species which have

been hitherto ascertained to inhabit the British Isles. The con-

fusion which has unfortunately arisen through the inaccurate

identifications of the late Mr. Stephens, whose collection (now in

the British Museum) must moreover be regarded as the sole

interpreter of his very meagre and unsatisfactory diagnoses, has

rendered the task a somewhat tedious one; nevertheless, a careful

collation of his entire series (amounting, however, to only 111

specimens in all), in conjunction with the assistance which I have

derived from the material which various friends (amongst whom

Messrs. Waterhouse, Janson, Douglas, Murray and Morris

Young, should be particularly mentioned) have placed in my

Mr. T. V. Wollaston’s Revision of the British Atomaria. 65

hands, has enabled me, I trust, to form a tolerably correct esti-

mate as to the actual species which our fauna includes. The

examination of 1,137 British specimens from various parts of the

country (661 of which were collected by myself, and 247 by Mr.

Waterhouse), has given me a very fair insight into the about of

aberration, from local disturbing causes, to which the several

representatives are subject; and if, in addition to this, I inchude

the eighty-seven Continental types with which my cabinet is

supplied, the specimens which have passed under my own imme-

diate observation, whilst compiling the present memoir, is no less

than 1,224.

With respect to the affinities of the genus, I will merely re-

mark, that whilst at one of its extremities it is intimately related

to the Cryptophagi, it merges at the other, still more decidedly,

into Ephistemus. So nearly akin is it indeed to the latter, that,

after a careful dissection, I can perceive no structural differences

{of any constancy) between the two, except that the Atomarie

have a minute tooth immediately within the apex of their mandibles,

and have the joints of their funiculus (though this is not always

very perceptible) alternately long and short; whilst even the

normal facies of the groups, which (from the small size, subglobose

bodies, and shorter limbs of the Lphistemi) might seem at first to

be remarkably dissimilar, is in reality so lost sight of in the less

typical forms, that at times it is not easy to pronounce, without a

close examination, to which of them certain species appertain.

This is eminently the case with an Alomaria peculiar to Madeira,

and which is so shortened and rounded in its outline that I had

regarded it, in my “Insecta Maderensia,” as an Ephistemus ;

though, not having had occasion, whilst compiling that volume,

to dissect the immediately allied groups, i had formed it into a

distinct section of the genus, characterized by the very peculiarities

(of antenne and mandibles) which constitute the almost sole

permanent feature of the Alfomarie.

I would call particular attention to the fact, of what the re-

spective insects are to which the Atomarie approximate, at either

extremity of the genus, because upon it depends the collocation

of the several species inter se; and because I believe that this

circumstance, if duly considered, is more likely to point out a

natural arrangement of them than any one character can possibly

do, which may chance to be selected, for the purpose of reducing

them into sections. It is on this account that I have rejected the

greater or less approximation of the antenne, which Erichson has

made use of, in classifying them,—believing that if it were strictly

VOL. IV, N. S. PART Il]. —JANUARY, 1857. F

66 Mr. T. V. Wollaston’s Revision of

adhered to, species which are intimately related would be placed

asunder; though more especially from the conviction that the

relative distance between the antenne and eyes is a character of

such doubtful importance in the Alomarie, and moreover so

difficult of observation (except in a very few and well- marked

cases) in objects thus small, as to be practically worthless. If,

however, we bear in mind the close affinity of certain members to

the Cryptophagi, and of others to the Ephistemi, we shall at once

acknowledge the propriety of commencing the genus with such

an insect as the 4. ferruginea (which, in Taree aspect and habit,

is almost a Cryptophagus in miniature), and of ending it with

the Ephistemus-like versicolor: and so, having once settled our

extremes, it becomes a comparatively easy task to fill in the

means.

With these few remarks, I will proceed to the consideration of

the species themselves,—merely observing that the three loose and

general divisions into which I have distributed them are more

likely, I think, to be found in accordance with Nature, and there-

fore to be easily understood, than if they had depended on one or

two minute characters, of which a slightly greater or less antennal

approximation (often difficult to appreciate even beneath the

microscope) formed the main element.

S.1. Body with sides more or less parallel; wprothorax behind -

usually truncated and more or less distinctly margined.

Sp. 1. Atomaria ferruginea.

Cryptophagus ferrugineus, Sahl., Ins. Fenn, 1. p. 58.

Atomaria pallida, Woll., Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist. xviii.

p- 452, pl. 9, fig. 1 (1847).

JSerruginea, Erich., Nat. der Ins. Deuts. iii. p. 377

(1848).

At once known by its uniform testaceous hue; subdepressed,

pubescent surface ; and by the ninth joint of its (rather long and

robust) antennz being so far reduced in dimensions as to cause

the club to appear scarcely more than biarticulate. Its prothorax

is less truncated behind than is the case with the other members of

this division of the genus,—being somewhat posteriorly-produced

in front of the scutellum. It is apparently extremely rare, the

only British examples which I have seen, except the four which

I myself possess, being in the collection of the Rev. Hamlet

Clark. His specimens, together with three of my own, were

captured at Fulbourn, near Cambridge, in 1847 ; and one I took

the British Atomaria. 67

subsequently in Gloucestershire,—at Withington, on the Cotswold

Hills, in 1852. It is unrepresented in the Stephensian cabinet.

Sp. 2. Atomaria fimetarii,

Kateretes fimetaru, Abst, Kaf. v. p. 14, Tab. 45, fig. 4 (1793).

Dermestes fimetarius, Fab., Syst. Eleu. i. p. 316 (1801).

Atomaria fimetarit, Erich., Nat. der Ins. Deuts. iii. p. 377 (1848).

This species may be recognized by its large size (it being the

longest of the British Atomarie, though not so large in general

bulk as the 4. Hislop:) and subcylindrical form, by its densely

(though not very deeply) punctured surface, by its ample and

convex prothorax, and by its basally much approximated antenne.

Like the Jast species, it is apparently extremely rare, and unrepre-

sented in the Stephensian cabinet,—the only specimen which has

come under my observation having been captured by myself at

Danes Dyke, near Flamborough, in Yorkshire, during July, 1853.

I possess examples, taken at Stettin and sent to me by Herr

Kraetz, which differ in no respect from the English one.

Sp. 3. Atomaria linearis.

Atomaria linearis, Steph., Il. Brit. Ent. iii. p. 70 (1830).

nigriventris (p.), Steph., Ill. Brit. Ent. iii. p. 69 (1830).

linearis, Erich., Nat. der Ins. Deuts. iii. p. 384 (1848).

The exceedingly narrow, parallel, and subdepressed form of this

species, in conjunction with the extreme delicacy of the posterior

margin of its (subquadrate) prothorax, will at once distinguish it

from the remainder of the genus. It is generally distributed

throughout England, though not usually very abundant anywhere.

I have taken it at Cransley, in Northamptonshire; at Gravesend and

Plumpstead, in Kent ; at Bletchingley, in Surrey ; and at Farming-

ton (on the Cotswold Hills), in Gloucestershire; and it has been

captured by Mr. Waterhouse at Gosport, Erith and Highgate,

and by Mr. Bates at Leicester. Mr. Haliday also reports its

occurrence in Ireland. There are ten specimens under the name

of linearis in the Stephensian cabinet, nine only of which how-

ever are the true species,—one of them being the 4. nigriventris.

Sp. 4. Atomaria elongatula.

Atomaria nigriventris (p.), Steph., Ill. Brit. Ent. iii. p. 69 (1830).

elongatula, Erich., Nat. der Ins. Deuts. ili. p. 383(1848).

Allied to the 4. fimetarii, from which, however, it may be readily

distinguished by its rather smaller size and more elongated, sub-

68 Mr. T. V. Wollaston’s Revision of

depressed form, by its darker and browner hue, and by its much

less developed prothorax,—which is narrower than the elytra.

It is rather a scarce insect, though widely distributed throughout

the country. I have taken it at Whittlesea Mere ; at Spridlington,

near Lincoln; at Bridlington, on the Yorkshire coast ; at Cransley,

in Northamptonshire; at Basset Down and Avebury, in Wilts; at

Farmington, in Gloucestershire ; at Treneglos, in Cornwall; and

in the county of Cork (near Kanturk), in Ireland. And it has

been captured by Mr. Morris Young, in Renfrewshire.

Amongst the seven specimens which are labelled “nigriventris”

in the Stephensian cabinet, there is a single elongatula. As five,

however, out of the remaining six are unquestionably the examples

which Mr. Stephens described from (as, indeed, is proved by the

labels which are attached to two of them), and are identical with

the (subsequently established) 4. nana of Erichson, it is clear

that the title of nigriventris will have to be conceded to that

species, and cannot, therefore (although of prior date to elongatula),

affect the present insect.

Sp. 5. Atomaria umbrina.

Cryptophagus umbrinus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. iv. p. 291 (1827).

Alomaria nigrirostris (p.), Steph., Ill. Brit. Ent. iii. p. 69 (1830).

umbrina, Erich., Nat. der Ins. Deuts. iii. p. 380 (1848).

Approaches very closely to the A. nigriventris, but it may be

known by its usually slightly larger size, by its somewhat less

shining, and just perceptibly flatter and less deeply punctured

surface, and by the structure of its prothorax,—which is trans-

versely impressed in the centre of its hinder region, with indica-

tions of a short costa, or raised line (often very obscure), on

either side of the depression, and with its sides and posterior

angles more evidently margined. I have received specimens from

Mierkel’s collection, as also from Paris, which agree perfectly with

the English ones. It is by no means a common insect in this

country. I have, however, captured it at Mablethorpe, on the

Lincolnshire coast ; at Cransley, in Northamptonshire ; at Shenton,

and in the Ambion wood, near Market Bosworth, in Leicestershire ;

at Holm Bush, near Brighton; and at Withington, in Gloucester-

shire: and it has been taken by Mr. Waterhouse at the Crystal

Palace, Sydenham. Mr. Murray also has found it near Edin-

burgh, and Mr, Haliday in Ireland.

The A. nigrirostris of the Stephensian collection is composed

of four specimens of the 4. wmbrina, Gyll, and five of the 4. nana,

the British Atomarie. 69

Erich. : but as no one of them has Mr. Stephens’s “ typical label”

attached to it, it is impossible to decide which of the two species

his diagnosis (which agrees with neither) was intended to repre-

sent. As Gyllenhal’s Cryplophagus umbrinus, however, was

published three years before Mr. Stephens’s 4. nigrirostris, it is

certain that the latter title (even if applied by the author to

Gyllenhal’s insect) cannot in any way interfere with the former.

S. II. Body more or less oblong ; prothorax as in the last section.

Sp. 6. Atomaria nigriventris.

Atomaria nigriventris (testibus t. t.), Steph., Ill. Brit. Ent. i.

p. 69 (1830).

nigrirostris (p.) et linearis (p.), Steph., Hl. Brit. Ent. iit.

p- 69 (1830).

nana, Erich., Nat. der Ins. Deuts. iii. p. 379 (1848).

The rather deeply punctured surface and subcylindrical body

of this species, which has the thorax slightly narrower than is the

case in the preceding one (as also less distinctly margined, with

no indications of a central transverse impression behind, and

usually darker), will serve to separate it from its allies. It appears

to be rather common in the neighbourhood of London. Mr.

Waterhouse has captured it in the Hammersmith marshes, at

Highgate, Hampstead, Greenhithe and Erith; Mr. Douglas at

Darenth wood ; and I have taken it at Box Hill and Southend.

In more distant spots I have no evidence of its being so abundant :

I have, however, met with it at Spridlington, near Lincoln; Mr.

Waterhouse has found it at Gosport; Messrs. Murray and Morris

Young, in Scotland; and Mr. Haliday states that it occurs in

Ireland. I have a specimen, taken at Cassel, which was examined

by Erichson himself: it agrees precisely with the British ones.

As already stated, under species 4, the 4. nigriventris of the

Stephensian collection is coincident with the (subsequently esta-

blished) 4. nana, of Erichson,—which, in accordance with the

law of priority, is consequently superseded. ‘True it is that Mr.

Stephens’s cabinet contains, under the name of nigriventris (in

addition to the five individuals of our present species), a single

example of the 4. linearis, and another of the 4. elongatula: but

that these are mere after-interpolations, and need not be taken into

account, is proved by the fact that two, out of the five individuals

above mentioned, have labels attached to them; and it is well

known that Mr. Stephens was in the habit of appending to the type,

from which his diagnosis was drawn out, some sort of a ticket ;—

———

70 Mr. T. V. Wollaston’s Revision of

whilst the circumstance, that in the present instance there are

actually two labelled specimens (one only being commonly indi-

cated), renders this the more certain.*

Sp. 7. Atomaria peltata.

Atomaria peltata, Kraatz, Ent. Zeit. 95 (1853).

A rather large and well-marked species, and one which may be

known by the darkness of its hue,—which fades off, on the elytra

(especially towards the apex), into a more or less bright chestnut ;

by its medially dilated prothorax ; and by its pale cinereous pube-

scence. Its limbs also are actually more variegated than is the case

in the allied species,—the femora, the apical half of the tibie, and

the extreme apex of the tarsi, being dark. In some respects it

approaches the A. elongatula; but its rather shorter, more ovate,

and convexer form, and more distinctly margined prothorax, will,

in conjunction with the characters above enumerated, at once

separate it therefrom, I possess five specimens of a pale infus-

cated-ferruginous hue ; but I doubt if they are more than immature.

It is one of the rarest of the British Atomarie: I have, however,

captured it at Spridlington and South Ferriby, in Lincolnshire;

at Shenton, in Leicestershire; and in Professor Henslow’s garden

at Hitcham, in Suffolk. Mr. Janson, also, has taken it at Hamp-

stead, near London ; and Mr. Morris Young in the neighbourhood

of Paisley. Like the 4. ferruginea and fimetarii, it is unrepresented

in the Stephensian cabinet.

* Considering that there are five examples of the A. nana, of Erichson, under

each of the Stephensian species, nigrirostris and nigriventris, it may perhaps be

asked whether the former has not as great a claim as the latter to be regarded as

the exponent of it. To this, however, I would reply that it certainly has not;

first, because the nana and umbrina are almost equally combined under the

nigrirostris, whereas under the nigriventris the specimens are all referrible to

nana except two (those two, moreover, being so distinct inter se, and from the

nana, that they could not have been regarded by Mr. Stephens as identical with

the rest) ; and, secondly, because there is no label attached to any one of the

specimens under nigrirostris (thereby warranting that it may be considered as,

par excellence, typical), whereas under the nigriventris two (and those veritable

nanas) are ticketed. Conceding therefore (as I think we must necessarily do)

that the continental A. nana is strictly synonymous with the Stephensian nigri-

ventris, it follows that the nigrirostris of Stephens should be identified with the

A. umbrina: and it is further evident, moreover, that, as the latter name is

prior to the Stephensian one, the title of nigrirostris must be altogether sup-

pressed.

the British Atomarie. 71

Sp. 8. Atomaria fuscipes.

Crytophagus fuscipes, Gyll., Ins. Suec. i. p. 182 (1808).

Atomaria fuscipes et carbonaria (p.), Steph., Il. Brit. Ent. iii.

p. 68 (1830).

—_—— ——— Erich., Nat. der Ins. Deuts. ili. p. 388 (1848).

The totally black hue of this little species (even the limbs being

as dark, almost, as the body) renders it unnecessary for me to

call attention to any of its other diagnostic characters. It is

exceedingly abundant in many of the sub-northern counties,

especially towards the coast; but it appears to be rarer near

London: Mr. Waterhouse has, however, taken it sparingly at

Highgate. I have brushed it in immense profusion from off the

. grass at the edges of the cliffs at Bridlington and Flamborough,

in Yorkshire; and I have also captured it at Fleetwood, in Lan-

cashire; at Spridlington, South Ferriby, and Scawby, in Lincoln-

shire; at Whittlesea Mere, Hunts; at Cransley, in Northamp-

shire; at Southend, in Essex; at Linton, in North Devon; at

Treneglos, in Cornwall; in Lundy Island; the Isle of Wight;

and at Holyhead, in North Wales. Mr. Morris Young, also,

has captured it in Scotland; and Mr. Haliday records its occur-

rence in Ireland. It is remarkable that there are but two examples

of it in the Stephensian cabinet,—one of which is rightly identified,

and placed (alone) under fuscipes ; whilst the other (which appears

to be a rather large specimen, and immature) forms the type of

Mr. Stephens’s 4. carbonaria.

Sp. 9. Atomaria pusilla.

Dermestes pusillus, Payk., Fna Suec. i. p. 295 (1798).

Silpha pheogaster et evanescens, Mshm, Ent. Brit. i. pp. 125, 126

(1802).

Atomaria fulvicollis, thoracica, evanescens, pheogaster, basella (p.)

et castanea (p.), Steph., Il. Brit. Ent. iii. pp.

64, 65, 66 (1830).

pusilla, Erich., Nat. der Ins. Deuts. iii. p. 397 (1848).

The very minute size, and oblong, subdepressed form of this

species will at once distinguish it from the remainder of the

Atomaria. in colour it is extremely variable, (which may account,

indeed, for the number of, so called, “species” into which it has

been separated); nevertheless, the more or less rufo-ferruginous

hue of its (laterally rounded) prothorax, and of the hinder

region of its elytra, is generally traceable. It is tolerably

72 Mr. T. V. Wollaston’s Revision of

abundant, and evenly distributed, throughout England. I have

taken it at Spridlington, near Lincoln; at Cransley, in Northampton-

shire; at Basset Down, in Wilts; at Farmington, in Gloucester-

shire ; at Fowey and Penheale, in Cornwall ; at Llangefni and Holy-

head, in Anglesey; in the grounds of Trinity College, Dublin;

and at Rosnalee, in the County of Cork. It has also been captured

by Mr. Janson, at Hampstead; by Mr. Waterhouse, at Weybridge ;

and by Mr. Morris Young, and Mr. Murray, in Scotland. In

the Stephensian cabinet, the 4. fulvicollis, thoracica, evanescens,

pheogaster and basella (except one specimen of the last, which

belongs to the alricapilla) are referrible to the Dermestes pusillus

of Paykull. There is also one example mixed up with the

A. castanea; but this is merely, I imagine, the result of

accident.

Sp. 10. Alomaria atricapilla.

Atomaria atricapilla (Kby), Steph., Ill. Brit. Ent. iii. p. 66 (1830).

basella (p.), Steph., lll. Brit. Ent. iii. p. 65 (1830).

nigriceps (Maerk.), Erich., Nat. der Ins. Deuts. iii. p.

396 (1848).

rufa, atricapilla et nigriceps, Murray, Cat. Col. Scot.

p- 41 (1853).

The oblong form and testaceous hue of this common species—

its head, abdomen and scutellary region being alone darker (and

often very obscurely so) than the remainder of the surface—will

sufficiently characterize it. I have taken it in profusion at Brid-

lington, in Yorkshire; at Mablethorpe, Spridlington, and South

Ferriby, in Lincolnshire; at Wittlesea Mere; at Cransley, in

Northamptonshire; at Cromer, in Norfolk ; at Hitcham, in Suffolk;

at Southend, in Essex ; at Bletchingley, in Surrey; at Chepstow,

in Monmouthshire ; at Withington and Farmington, in Gloucester-

shire; at Linton and Mount Edgcumbe, in Devon; at Fowey,

in Cornwall; in Lundy Island; the Isle of Wight; at Holyhead,

in North Wales; and near Kanturk, in Ireland. It has also been

captured by Mr. Waterhouse in the neighbourhood of London

(namely, at the Crystal Palace, Sydenham ; Greenhithe and Erith),

by Mr. Murray and Mr. Morris Young, in Scotland. The title

of nigriceps, by which this insect is known on the Continent, has,

in accordance with the law of priority, to give way to that of

atricapilla,—a species sufficiently well defined by Mr. Stephens

in his “ Illustrations,” and unmixed with any other even in his

collection.

—_-™

the British Atomarie. 73

Sp. 11. Atomaria Berolinensis.

Atomaria Berolinensis, Kraatz, Ent. Zeit. p. 94 (1853).

castanea (p.), Steph., Ill. Brit. Ent. iii. p. 66 (1830).

A species which may be known by its oblong, subcylindrical

body, broad head, deeply punctured, pubescent surface, and by its

subventricose elytra and prothorax,—the line of separation be-

tween the two being, consequently, somewhat depressed. In its

normal state it is rufo-testaceous, with its head, prothorax, scutel-

lary region, and the outer margin of its elytra (especially towards

the shoulders), more or less dusky, or obscured : but when imma-

ture it is wholly testaceous,—under which circumstances it might

almost be mistaken, at first sight, for the 4. atricapilla. Its more

strongly sculptured surface, however, longer limbs, and more ven-

tricose prothorax and elytra (the former of which is squarer and

more largely developed, and is especially convex upon its hinder

disk), will serve to distinguish it readily from that common insect.

It appears to be somewhat scarce; I have, however, captured it

at Danes Dyke (near Flamborough), in Yorkshire; at Lea, South

Ferriby, and Scawby, in Lincolnshire; at Cransley, in North-

amptonshire ; at Withington, in Gloucestershire ; and at Tintern,

in Monmouth. It has been also taken by Mr. Waterhouse at

Gosport, Northampton, and Reigate; and by Mr. Morris Young,

in Scotland. There is but a single specimen of it in the Stephen-

sian cabinet,—mixed up (probably through an oversight) with the

A. castanea.

Sp. 12. Atomaria fuscata.

Cryptophagus fuscatus, Schon. Syn. Ins. ii. p. 100 (1808).

Alomaria castanea (p.), testacea (p.), et rufipes (p.), Steph. Ill.

Brit. Ent, ii. pp. 66, 68 (1830).

— fuscata, Erich. Nat. der Ins. Deuts. iil. p. 394 (1848).

Dark examples of this species are not always easily separable,

at first sight, from the 4. atra. Itis, however, rather larger, on

the average, than that insect, somewhat less deeply punctured,

and with its prothorax narrower and much less convex,—the ex-

treme hinder margin, moreover, being more distinctly sinuated,

and elevated in the centre. In its normal state, it may be easily

recognized by its dull surface and clouded-castaneous hue,—its

tendency being to be more or less infuscated about its anterior

region, and to become gradually paler as we approach its posterior

one. Its legs, also, are rather longer, and more dusky, than is the

74 Mr. T. V. Wollaston’s Revision of

case in the allied species. It is a local insect. I have, never-

theless, taken it in considerable abundance at Whittlesea Mere,

as also (though less plentifully) at Paxton, in Huntingdonshire ;

at Spridlington, South Ferriby and Scawby, in Lincolnshire; at

Bridlington and Danes Dyke, in Yorkshire; at Cransley, in

Northamptonshire; at Southend, in Essex; at Withington, in

Gloucestershire ; at Llangefni, in Anglesey; and at Killarney,

in Ireland. It has also been captured by Mr. Douglas at Shirley,

near Croydon; by Mr. Waterhouse at Weybridge and Green-

hithe ; and by Mr. Murray, and Mr. Morris Young, in Scotland.

It constitutes the type of the 4. castanea, Steph.,—a species, how-

ever, which has (in the collection) a specimen of the 4. Beroli-

nensis and pusilla mixed up with it. It also forms a portion of

the A. testacea, Steph. (the type of which species is an immature

analis), and the type of the 4. rufipes, Steph.: it is fortunate,

therefore, amidst so much confusion, that the title of fuscata has

the priority over any Stephensian one.

Sp. 13. Atomaria gutta.

Atomaria gutta, Steph., Il]. Brit. Ent. v. p. 407 (nec coll.) (1832).

Newm., Ent. Mag. ii. p. 201 (1834).

Erich., Nat. der Ins. Deuts. iii. p. 387 (1848).

The pale, transverse (though sometimes ill-defined) central

fascia with which the elytra of this species are adorned, in con-

junction with its oval form and exceedingly convex prothorax,

will serve to separate it from the remainder of the British dtomarie.

Occasionally the apex, also, of the elytra, as well as the dorsal

fascia, is testaceous; and I have one example in which the two

are confluent: in English specimens, however, the medial dash is

usually alone pale. It is, apparently, extremely rare. I have

taken it at Whittlesea Mere, in Huntingdonshire; and Mr. Water-

house has met with it at Reigate.

Although Mr. Stephens’s description applies, without doubt, to

this conspicuously marked insect, it is to be observed that the spe-

cimens, in his cabinet, are not referrible to the 4. gutta, but to the

A, apicalis.

Sp. 14. Atomaria atra.

Kaleretes ater, Hbst, Kaf. v. p. 15, Tab. 41, fig. 5 (1793).

Atomaria atra, Erich., Nat. der Ins. Deuts. iii. p. 392 (1848).

The oblong-ovate form, and rather strongly punctured surface,

of the A. atra, in conjunction with its dark hue (the apex of the

elytra being alone obscurely fuscescent) and very convex pro-

the British Atomarie. 75

thorax,—the extreme hinder margin of which, like that of the 4.

mesomelas, is not raised in the centre,—must serve to distinguish

it from its allies. It would appear to be one of the rarest of the

British species,—the only specimen which I have seen, except my

own (out of the 1,137 which I have examined), being in the pos-

session of Mr. Waterhouse, by whom it was found in the Ham-

mersmith marshes during January of 1856. The examples in my

own cabinet I captured at Withington, in Gloucestershire, and at

Slapton Ley, in the south of Devon. Mr. Haliday, however, in-

forms me that it has been met with in Ireland.

In the Stephensian collection the present species does not exist,

Mr. Stephens’s 4. atra being composed of five specimens of the

A. analis (which was his type), and one of the versicolor.

Sp. 15. Atomaria mesomelas.

Dermestes mesomelas, Hbst, Kaf. iv. p. 143, Tab. 41, fig. 7

(1792).

Corticaria dimidiata. Mshm, Ent. Brit. i. p. 112 (1802).

Atomaria mesomelas et dimidiata (p.), Steph., Ill. Brit. Ent. iii.

p- 67 (1830).

—_—— —-—— Erich., Nat. der Ins. Deuts. iil. p. 386

(1848).

A beautiful and distinct little Atomaria, readily known by its

oblong-ovate form, dark shining surface, and by the bright testa-

ceous hue of its limbs and apical half of its elytra,—the junction

between the light and dark portions being usually exceedingly

abrupt. Its prothorax is occasionally rufescent; but in normal

specimens it is as dark as the basal region of its elytra. It fre-

quents marshy and damp places, and is somewhat local. I have

taken it in the Cambridgeshire fens, and at Whittlesea Mere, in

Huntingdonshire ; at Withington, in Gloucestershire ; at Slapton

Ley, in the south of Devon; and at Tenby, in South Wales. Mr.

Waterhouse has captured it in the Hammersmith marshes, at

Reigate, and Gravesend; and Mr. Haliday records it as occurring

in Ireland.

It is an insect so conspicuous and well-marked, that the Ste-

phensian specimens standing under mesomelas are unadulterated

with any other species. It forms, however, onlya portion (though

the typical one) of Mr. Stephens’s 4. dimidiata,—under which

name there are two examples of mesomelas (one of which is the

Marshamian Corticaria dimidiata), three of analis, and one of

apicalis.

76 Mr. T. V. Wollaston’s Revision of

Sp. 16. Atomaria basalis.

Atomaria basalis, Erich., Nat. der Ins. Deuts. iii. p. 391 (1848).

The rather broad, oblong-ovate form, and thickly punctured,

pubescent surface, of the A. basalis, in conjunction with the pecu-

liarity of its colouring,—which is of a dull black, the apical two-

thirds of its elytra being rufo-testaceous (with the line of demar-

cation between the light and dark portions ill-defined),—will at

once distinguish it from its allies. Occasionally more than two-

thirds of the elytra are testaceous, leaving only their extreme base

suffused with a darker tint. I possess a series of this insect taken

by myself about twelve years ago; but whether at Cambridge, or

on the Cotswold Hills of Gloucestershire, I cannot at present (hav-

ing failed to make a note at the time) recal. I have seen spe-

cimens, however, which were captured by Mr. Murray, near

Edinburgh. It is unrepresented in the Stephensian collection,

Sp. 17. Alomaria munda.

Atomaria munda, Erich., Nat. der Ins. Deuts. iii. p. 388 (1818).

Well distinguished by its oblong-ovate form, finely punctulated

surface, by its more or less rufescent, or piceo-rufescent, hue, and

by the deep central transverse impression at the base of its pro-

thorax,—the impression being at either extremity terminated by

a short raised costa, or ridge. It is exceedingly rare; and, like

the last, unrepresented in Mr. Stephens’s cabinet. I have not,

myself, ever met with it, but possess a specimen from the north of

England; and I have seen others, in the collection of Mr. Water-

house, which he captured at Southgate, near London.

S. I11.—Body more or less ovate ; prothorax usually somewhat pro-

duced behind (in front of the scutellum), and less distinctly

margined along its posterior edge.

Sp. 18. Alomaria nigripennis.

Dermestes nigripennis, Payk., Fna Suec. i. p. 292 (1798).

Atomaria nigripennis, Steph., Ill. Brit. Ent. iii. p. 67 (1830).

Erich., Nat. der Ins. Deuts. iii. p. 390 (1848).

Immediately known hy its convex, ovate form, bright, subgla-

brous, lightly punctured surface, and by its rufous head and pro-

thorax,—the latter of which is broadly margined towards its pos-

terior angles, and with a deep transverse impression behind, the

impression however having scarcely any indication (even beneath

the British Atomarie. 74

the microscope) of being terminated at either extremity by a raised

costa. It is one of the rarer species, at any rate towards the

south: my specimens are from the north of England; and it is

recorded in Mr. Murray’s catalogue to occur in the Dalmeny

woods, near Edinburgh.

Sp. 19. Atomaria Hislopi, n. sp.

A. Oblongo-ovalis, antice et postice subacuminata, nigra, nitidis-

sima, subglabra, parce subtiliterque punctata; prothorace

amplo, valde convexo, postice latiusculo immarginato et fovea

media transversd profundé impresso, ad latera subtilissime

marginato atque vix rotundato; elytris minus distincte et

parcius punctulatis, concoloribus; antennis pedibusque fer-

rugineis.

Long. corp. lin. 1.

A. Oblong-ovate, exceedingly shining, convex, nearly glabrous

(being very sparingly beset with a short, decumbent, and cine-

reous pubescence), and black. Prothorax large, slightly dilated

in the middle (though, nevertheless, wide posteriorly), exceedingly

convex, and with a deep (though somewhat short) transverse cen-

tral fovea behind ; perfectly immarginate along its posterior edge

(which is subsinuated,—that portion moreover which is imme-

diately behind the fovea being a good deal raised), though very

delicately margined at its sides,—which are but very slightly

rounded. lytra convex, and rather more finely and sparingly

punctured than the prothorax; broadest about the middle (being

narrowed and rounded off at the shoulders), and rather attenuated

posteriorly; immaculate. Antenne and legs ferruginous; with

the femora of the latter infuscated towards their base.

A large, robust, and well-marked Atomaria, somewhat resem-

bling, at first sight, the 4. turgida of Erichson. It is, however,

abundantly distinct, specifically, from that insect ; from which it

may be at once known, not only by its superior bulk and more

acuminated outline (both before and behind), but likewise by its

uniformly black, brighter, subglabrous and less punctured surface,

and by its more ample prothorax,—which is immarginate (though

deeply impressed in the centre) behind. Inits general habit it has

more in common, [ think, with the 4. nigripennis than with any

other of our British species; nevertheless its much larger bulk,

and the sinuated hinder margin of its prothorax, would remove it

into the vicinity of the 4. analis and turgida. In its posteriorly

immarginate prothorax it recedes from most of the dtomarie with

which I am acquainted.

78 Mr, T. V. Wollaston’s Revision of

There is an old example of it in the Stephensian cabinet,—un-

named, and without any reference to the locality from whence it

came. It has, however, been lately re-discovered by Mr. Hislop

in Scotland, who found it beneath the dung of grouse (though this,

I imagine, was a merely accidental circumstance,—the Atomarie

being accustomed to harbour under such like rejectamenta, indis-

criminately) in Perthshire. I have seen a specimen of it in the

collection of Mr. Janson, and another in that of Mr. Murray of

Edinburgh,—both of which however were obtained from Mr.

Hislop, who would appear therefore to have been (latterly at least)

its sole captor, and to whom I have dedicated the species.

Sp. 20. Atomaria apicalis.

Atomaria dimidiata (p.), carbonaria (p.), gutta (sec. coll., nec

descr.), rufipes (p.), et dorsalis (p.), Steph.,

I]l. Brit. Ent. iii. p. 67—69 (1830).

apicalis, Erich., Nat. der Ins. Deuts. iil. p. 395 (1848).

An Atomaria, which is exceedingly variable in size, but which

may be at once distinguished by its ovate form (it being much

acuminated both before and behind), piceous hue, and by its

strongly punctured, pubescent surface. Its prothorax, from being

so much narrowed anteriorly, has its sides scarcely at all rounded.

It appears to be more common within the London district than

elsewhere : I have seen a large series of it taken by Mr. Water-

house at Weybridge, Hampstead, and at the Crystal Palace, at

Sydenham; and it has been captured by Mr. Janson, at Hamp-

stead and Finchley. The only spot in which I have myself ob-

served it is at Avebury (on the Marlborough Downs) in Wiltshire.

It will be perceived, on reference to the synonymes cited above,

that it forms a portion of five of the species in the Stephensian

cabinet: as, however, it does not appear to have been the type of

any of them (as is proved by the labels attached to the examined

specimens), none of those titles can in any way interfere with that

which was applied to it by Erichson in 1848.

Sp. 21. Atomaria analis.

Cryptophagus analis, Schiipp., in litt.

Atomaria testacea (p.), dimidiata(p.), atra(p.), et dorsalis (p.),

Steph., Ill. Brit. Ent. iii. p. 66—69 (1830).

analis, Erich., Nat. der Ins. Deuts., iii. p. 398 (1848).

The present species and the following one are rather allied, in

general aspect, to the 4. apicalis. They may both of them, how-

the British Atomaria. 79

ever, be distinguished from that insect by their more lightly punc-

tured elytra, and by their being less acuminated both before and

behind,—their prothoraces moreover (which are slightly bisinu-

ated along their posterior margin) being more rounded at the sides

than is there the case. From the 4. ruficornis the analis may be

known by its somewhat larger bulk, more oblong form, more per-

ceptibly punctured elytra, and by its prothorax being altogether

broader, and less narrowed posteriorly, than in that species. It

would seem to be a rather scarce insect in the south; it has, how-

ever, been taken by Mr. Douglas near Croydon. Specimens have

been forwarded to me from Paisley by Mr. Morris Young, and

from Edinburgh by Mr. Murray: and (in addition to my own

series, which was collected, some years ago, whilst at Cambridge)

I have myself met with it at Rosnalee, near Kanturk, in the south

of Ireland.

When immature it forms the type of the 4. testacea, and when

mature of the 4. atra, of Mr. Stephens. The latter of these

names, however, belongs in reality to a totally different insect,

and the former (which is represented in the Stephensian cabinet by

two specimens of fuscata, and one, imperfectly developed, of

the species under consideration) is inapplicable to the present

Alomaria, which is generally (with the exception of the shoulders

and posterior region) of a deep black: hence neither of them will

clash with the title proposed for it by Schiippel, and subsequently

adopted by Erichson. As for the Stephensian names of dimidiata

and dorsalis (under each of which there are, in the collection, ex-

amples of the analis), they, fortunately, do not concern us here,

since the typical specimen of neither of them is referrible to our

present insect.

Sp. 22. Atomaria ruficornis.

Silpha ruficornis, Mshm, Ent. Brit. i. p. 125 (1802).

Atomaria ruficornis, carbonaria (p.), et dorsalis (p.), Steph., Il.

Brit. Ent. iii. p. 67—69 (1830).

Cryptophagus terminatus (Dahl.), Comolli, Col. Nov. ac Rar. Prov.

Novocom. p. 20 (1837).

Atomaria terminata, Erich., Nat. der Ins. Deuts., iii. p. 399 (1848).

The slightly smaller size, and more ovate outline, of this species,

in conjunction with its less distinctly punctured elytra (which are

much rounded off at the shoulders), shorter and more robust an-

tennz, and the structure of its prothorax (which is constricted

behind, and somewhat more posteriorly produced, in front of the

scutellum, than is the case in that insect), will readily separate it

80 Mr. T. V. Wollaston’s Revision of

from the 4. analis. It is pretty generally distributed throughout

the country: I have taken it at Bridlington, in Yorkshire; at

Spridlington and Cainby, in Lincolnshire; at Whittlesea Mere, in

Huntingdonshire ; at Cransley, in Northamptonshire; at Plump-

stead, in Kent; at Basset Down, in Wilts; at Withington, in

Gloucestershire ; at Weston-super-Mare, in Somerset; and at

Chepstow, in Monmouth. It has also been captured by Mr. Water-

house near Brighton, at Gosport, and near London; by Mr.

Douglas, at Darenth Wood and Lee, in Kent; and by Mr. Mur-

ray and Mr. Morris Young, in Scotland.

It is the A. lerminata of the Continent; but, as that name was

not published until 1837, and our present insect is the undoubted

Silpha ruficornis of the “* Entomologia Britannica” (as is proved by

the existence of the original example, with a label attached to it,

in the Stephensian cabinet), it is evident that the Marshamian

title has the priority, and must therefore be adopted.

The type of the 4. dorsalis of Stephens (though mixed up, in

his collection, with an example of the apicalis, and another of the

analis) is, likewise, the continental 4. terminata : hence, both of

these names (dorsalis and terminata) must be suppressed in favour

of the Marshamian one of ruficornis.

Sp. 23. Atomaria versicolor.

Atomaria atra (p.), Steph., Il. Brit. Ent. iii. p. 67 (1830).

versicolor, Erich., Nat. der Ins. Deuts. ili. p. 399 (1848),

turgida, Murray (nec Erich.) ,Cat. Col. Scot. p. 42 (1853).

In its distinctly punctured surface, the 4. versicolor approaches

the apicalis. It is, however, on the average, somewhat larger,

and much less ovate, than that insect; it is also brighter, and less

pubescent, and its prothorax is more rounded at the sides. In the

peculiarity of its colouring moreover, which is of a rich rufo-

piceous tint, with the shoulders and apical region of the elytra

more or less clearly rufescent, it recedes from most of its allies.

It is one of the scarcer species ; and it is remarkable that, out of

the 1,137 British specimens of the genus which I have examined,

there are, with the exception of my own series, but four examples

of the 4. versicolor: one of these is in the Stephensian cabinet

(where it is mixed up with five individuals of the analis, which are

made to represent the 4. atra), and the other three were taken

by Mr. Morris Young in Renfrewshire,—being the actual ex-

amples registered by Mr. Murray as the 4. turgida (which, how-

ever, is a totally different insect), in his catalogue of the Coleoptera

of Scotland. I have myself met with it in considerable abundance

at Withington, on the Cotswold Hills of Gloucestershire (prin-

oe Be

a ‘

the British Atomarie. 81

cipally beneath the dry dung of sheep) ; as also (though less com-

monly) at South Ferriby and Spridlington, in Lincolnshire ; at

Shenton, in Leicestershire ; at ‘Tintern, in Monmouth; and in the

Rev. H. A. Simcoe’s woods, at Penheale (near Launceston), in

Cornwall.

Such are the general statistics (so far as I have been able to

ascertain them) of our native dtomarie. The following catalogue

will show, at a glance, the manner in which the various species

should be cited, with reference to the synonymy of British and

continental naturalists ; and I need merely remark, that the types

of the Stephensian collection (always plainly indicated) are re-

garded as the sole exponents of the Stephensian species,—no

allusion being required, in such a list, to those numerous instances

of the admixture, everywhere, of non-typical specimens, all of

which have been fully discussed in the preceding memoir.

_—

. ferruginea, Sahl. .

pallida, Woll.

2. fimetarii, Hbst

3. linearis, Steph.

4, elongatula, Erich.

5. umbrina, Gyll.

nigrirostris, Steph.

. nigriventris (Kby), Steph.

nana, Erich.

7. peltata, Kraatz

8. fuscipes, Gyll.

cartonaria, Steph.

9. pusilla, Pk.

fulvicollis, Steph.

thoracica, Steph.

evanescens, Mshm, Steph.

phaeogaster, Mshm, Steph.

basella, Steph.

10. atricapilla (Kby), Steph.

nigriceps, Erich.

11. Berolinensis, Kraatz

12. fuscata, Schon.

castanea, Steph.

rufipes, Steph.

13. gutta (Newm.), Steph.

14. atra, Hbst

vol. IV. N. S, PART IV.—APRIL, 1857. G

for]

82 Mr. T. V. Wollaston’s Revision of British Atomarie.

15. mesomelas, Hbst

dimidiata, (Mshm), Steph.

16. basalis, Erich.

17. munda, Erich.

18. nigripennis, Pk.

19. Hislopi, Woll.

20. apicalis, Erich.

21. analis (Schiip.), Erich.

testacea, Steph.

atra, Steph.

22. ruficornis, (Mshm), Steph.

terminata, Com.

dorsalis, Steph.

23. versicolor, Erich.

IX. On the Recent Progress of Micro-Lepidopterology on

the Continent. By H. T. Srainron, Esq.

[Read July 7th, 1856.]

Twenty-Four years have now elapsed since the publication of

Treitschke’s first volume on the Zine@. ‘This was the first gene-

ral descriptive work treating of that group of Lepidoptera that

had appeared on the Continent since the time of Fabricius. It

was a work which at once rendered the figures of Hubner far

more generally serviceable, for the frequently misnamed figures

of Hiibner were here referred to their correct names, and their

histories and habits were given. Sometimes histories were applied

to the wrong species, and many species were handled in a manner

to create confusion. But whatever may be the faults of Treitschke’s

work, it was a vast step, and it contributed very materially to the

production of Stephens’s fourth volume of his ‘ Illustrations,”

which appeared in 1834 and 1835.

When a general work on a group of insects has appeared, each

Entomologist seeks there for the name of any species he may

chance to meet with; and if he happens to find it there, well and

good, but if not he probably describes it in some scientific journal

or in the transactions of some learned society : but were the general

work non-existent, he would feel utterly disheartened at the

Mr. H. T. Stainton on Micro-Lepidopterology. 83

apparent impossibility of naming his capture; there would be no

pleasure in catching a new species, and the science would stand

still.

We are always apt to compare works with those which have

succeeded them, whereas it would be more correct to compare

them only with those which have preceded them. Viewed in this

light, however intrinsically worthless Treitschke may now appear

to us, there can be no question that it rendered most essential

service to the science in its day, and contributed very materially

to the onward progess of Micro-Lepidopterological discovery.

In 1838 appeared Duponchel’s eleventh volume of his ‘ Lepi-

doptéres de France.” Published after Treitschke’s and Stephens’s

works had given their impulse to the study, it is not surprising

that in many respects it was an improvement upon either, and

embellished with coloured figures of all the insects it described,

one would have thought that France, possessing such a work,

would soon take the lead in the path of J'%nea-investfgation.

But it has not been so, and this volume of Duponchel’s remains

as a sort of high water-mark to show the highest point which the

study of the Tinee ever attained in France. Even Duponchel

himself, in his Supplement, came down-hill with a fearful velocity,

and no one has yet been found in France to repair the tissue of

blunders he then perpetrated.

But one year after the publication of Duponchel’s handsome

8vo. appeared a small paper in a little-known German scientific

journal ; yet this paper has exercised an influence over the develop-

ment of the science, such as it seldom falls to the lot of one

individual to wield.—Zeller’s ‘* Versuch einer naturgemdassen

Eintheilung der Schaben” appeared in Oken’s “Isis” for 1839.

It will be interesting to notice the cause of this small paper

exercising so vast an influence. Those who were collecting this

group of insects in this country, twenty or even ten years ago, are

aware that species were referred to certain genera, by rules entirely

arbitrary; this was an Aphelosetia, that was an Amaurosetia ; but

why it was so, no one knew; it was all guess work, This fault

was not peculiar to us as English: it prevailed in Germany, it

prevailed in France; in the last-named country, I believe, it

prevails to the present day. Now it was impossible to look

through this “ Attempt at a Systematic Arrangement of the Tinea”

of Zeller, without perceiving that good tangible characters were

given for the genera ; that they were, so to speak, mathematically

distinct. You had only to take up an insect, examine its palpi,

antenne, form of hind wings, &c., and at once you could settle in

84 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the Recent Progress of

which genus to place it, without any reference to the markings on

the wings.

Some may remember, that Marginepunctella and Perlepidella

(then called Formosella) used to be placed side by side in the

same genus, and it was even questioned by some whether they

were specifically distinct; now by a reference to the smoothness

or roughness of the head, by the structure and clothing of the

palpi, it is at once seen that they belong to genera far apart.

Naturally this paper of Zeller’s produced the greatest effect in

Germany, where the serial work of Fischer Von Réslerstamm,

with coloured illustrations of the metamorphoses of many of the

Micro-Lepidoptera, appeared continuously from 1834 to 1843.

But Professer Zeller was not content with having indicated the

arrangement and genera of the Tinee ; he proceeded to work up,

monographically, the species in individual genera, and in 1846

appeared, in the first volume of the ‘‘ Linnzea Entomologica,” his

treatise on the genus Lithocolletis ; and each succeeding voliime of

the “ Linnea” has contained papers by the same author on one

or more genera of Tineina, of which the following is a brief

enumeration :—

1846. Vol. I. Lithocolletis.

1847. Vol. II. Argyresthia, Ocnerostoma, Gracilaria, Coriscium and Ornix,

1848. Vol. LILI. Lyonetia, Phyllocnistis, Cemiostoma, Opostega, Bucculatrix,

Nepticula, Trifurcula and Tischeria.

1849. Vol. IV. Coleophora and Goniodoma.

1851. Vol. V. Incurvaria, Micropteryx and Nemophora.

1852. Vol. VI. Euplocamus, Tinea, Evriocottis and Lampronia.

1852. Vol. VIL. Lypusa, Talepovia, Solenobia, Diplodoma and Xysmatodoma,

1853. Vol. VIII. Adela and Nemotois.

1854. Vol. IX. Ex@retia, Depressaria and Orthotelia (with some exotic

genera).

1855. Vol. X. Butalis,

But the very fact of there being such excellent Monographs

made the want of a good general work on the subject more pain-

fully felt; and the Monographs published but a few years ago

are already quite obsolete, by no means representing the state of

our knowledge at the present day, so that the subject was seen in

a distorted point of view, only a small portion being as it were

in focus, and the rest more or less indistinct and misty.

The group of Micro- Lepidoptera had been studied in Finland,

by Herr Tengstrém and Dr. Nylander; in Livonia, by Madame

Lienig; in Stettin, by Graf Nicelli; in Breslaw, by Dr. Wocke ;

in Vienna, by Herrs Mann, Eiccgern Lederer ; in Berlin, by Herr

Bouché ; in Jena, by Herr Schlager ; in Hanover, by Herr Kross-

Micro-Lepidopterology on the Continent. 85

man; in Regensburg, by Dr. Herrich-Schaffer, and Herrs Hoff-

man; in Frankfort-on-the-Main, by Senator Von Heyden, Herrs

Schmid and Miuhlig; and in Freiburg, by Dr. Reutti; and in

Zurich, by Herr Bremi and Professor Frey : was it wonderful that

a section of Entomology, thus enthusiastically cultivated from

flat, fenny Finland to Switzerland, with its Alpine lakes, should

progress ?—wherever the German language was current, the im-

petus given to the study by the writings of the Glogavian Pro-

fessor was felt and appreciated. Professor Zeller himself ransacked

Sicily ; Italy yielded her spoils to the energetic temperament of

Herr Mann and his wife, and the Sardinian Micro-Lepidoptera

have still a lively recollection of Dr. Staudinger’s visit to their

island. Nay, Dr. Wocke penetrated into France, carrying off a

new Lithocolletis, which, as though in derision of the French

Entomologists, who were not acquainted with it, (and are, perhaps,

not yet aware of its existence,) he named Parisiella. The

Germans appeared to have found their mission was not only

to investigate the riches of their own country, but they looked on

Italy, Spain and France as foreign countries to be explored ;

just as Mr. Wallace goes out to the Brazils and to Borneo and

Sumatra, not trusting to the natives of those countries working

out the natural histories of the forms of animal and vegetable

life by which they are surrounded,

Dr. Herrich-Schaffer, in the progress of his ‘ Systematische

Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge von Europa,” arrived in 1853 at

the fifth volume, which contains the Tine1na; this volume, now

completed, consists of 394 pages of text quarto, with upwards of

ninety plates, containing more than 800 coloured figures. Sucha

work may well be conceived to be a vast storehouse of informa-

tion, a sort of dictionary of the groups of insects on which it

treats. Containing as it does upwards of eleven hundred species

of European Jineina, it is evident that no great amount of detail

could be expected in so limited a space. Dr. Herrich-Schaffer,

whose labours in other branches of Entomology have prevented

his giving his whole attention to the small moths, has produced a

volume that will always be useful, and which, on account of the

plates, will remain valuable 100 years hence ; but in the system

and in the genera, there is much with which those who have

worked more exclusively at the group will hardly be disposed to

agree, and even in the separation of allied species we miss many

nice discriminations that had already been pointed out by others.

The first systematic work on the group that had appeared in

Germany since Treitschke’s volumes were published, one sees at

86 Mr. H. T. Stainton on Micro- Lepidopterology.

a glance how vast a stride had been effected ; but during the last

month, an unpretending 8vo. volume, of 430 pages, without

plates, has appeared, which at once takes its stand as the Con-

tinental work on the Tineina.

It is impossible to overestimate the value, the utility of the

«Tinea and Pterophori of Switzerland,” by Professor Frey :*

though specially applying only to the Tinee of Switzerland, yet

as few of the species are peculiarly Swiss, and even those may be

found elsewhere if well sought for, it will, on account of the

immense amount of systematized details it gives of the habits of

the families, genera and species, of their geographical distribution

throughout Europe, be read with extreme interest in every corner

of Germany, and indeed wherever the German language is under-

stood. It is hardly possible to conceive a more enjoyable book

for a student of the Tineina; in the genus Lithocolletis eight

pages are devoted to Pomifoliella, Oxyacanthe, Cydoniella, Sorbi,

Torminella and Cerasicolella! In the genus Nepticula at least

eight new species are described !!

Frey’s work will not in any way interfere with the usefulness

of Herrich-Schiffer’s ; each renders the other of more use than it

otherwise would have been. It is worked out in a somewhat

similar style to my volume of the ‘‘ Insecta Britannica,” but far

more completely ; going far more mto detail, and discussing, as

already noticed, the geographical distribution throughout Europe

of each species, genus and family; besides, it incorporates all the

latest and most recent discoveries, rectifies errors committed by

Herrich-Schaffer or myself. In short, this volume clearly esta-

blishes the reputation of Professor Frey of Zurich as the first

Micro-Lepidopterist in Europe.

* Die Tineen und Pterophoren der Schweiz, von Prof. Heinrich Frey.

Zurich, Verlag von Meyer und Zeller. 1856.

GStou\}

X. Description of Two Insects belonging to Pseudomela,

a New Genus of Chrysomelide. By Joszra S. Baty,

Esq.

[Read 3rd March, 1856. ]

Tue following genus bears, in its vertical and deeply inserted

head, a striking resemblance to Eumolpus, near which it was

placed in my cabinet, until a closer examination showed me that

its true relations were with the Chrysomelide proper ; the perpen-

dicular or horizontal positions of the bead, so well marked in the

typical genera Eumolpus and Chrysomela, are of much less value

in the aberrant forms of the two families, and not of themselves

sufficient to separate them, without having recourse to other

characters. Lacordaire, in the introductory chapter to his Mo-

nograph on the Phytophages, points out the characters to be

derived from the tarsi; in the separation of the present

families they are most important; the Humolpide have the

third joint invariably deeply cleft or bilobed, and the fourth,

or claw, more or less toothed. ‘The Chrysomelide, on the other

hand, have their penultimate joint entire, Gastrophysa and Phra-

tora, genera allied to the Halticide, alone excepted ; their claw

again is generally simple, although the exceptions to this latter rule

are numerous. _ The two species described in the present paper

are both from Africa; one received from Old Calabar by A. Murray,

Esq., of Edinburgh, after whom I have named it, the other from

Port Natal, sent by Mr. Plant.

Family CHRYSOMELIDZ.

Genus PPEUDOMELA.

Anlenne robust, flattened, subclavate, rather Jonger than the

thorax, their first joint incrassate, clavate, the second short, the

third and fourth equal, ovate, slightly thickened towards the apex,

the rest dilated, compressed, covered with short hairs. Palpi

clavate, truncate, the third joint rather broader than the fourth.

Body ovate, convex; head perpendicular, deeply inserted in the

thorax, thé latter transverse ; /egs and tarsi simple, the latter with

their penultimate joint entire.

88 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Description of Pseudomela.

Sp. 1. Pseudomela Murrayi.

Oblong-ovate, convex, finely punctured, fulvous, antennz (the

four basal joints excepted) and legs black.

Long. 5 lin,

Head shining, sparingly punctured ; thorax half as broad again as

long, convex, its apex scarcely concave, the base slightly convex,

side margins rounded, their anterior and posterior angles acute,

surface punctured, shining, punctures more scattered on the disc ;

scutellum smooth; elytra ovate, convex, three times the length of

the thorax, rather broader than the latter at the base, sides nearly

parallel in front, their apex rounded, surface distinetly punctured ;

on each elytron are several nearly obsolete longitudinal lines,

pale fulvous; beneath fulvous, closely punctured; legs black,

thighs sometimes pitchy.

Old Calabar.

Sp. 2. Pseudomela Natalensis.

Ovate, very convex, strongly punctured, pale pitchy, body be-

neath, antennze and legs black.

Long. 3-32 lines.

Deeply punctured, antennz entirely black ; thorax transverse,

nearly twice as broad as long, convex above, its apex concave,

posterior angles obtuse, side margins rounded, surface coarsely

punctured, indistinctly excavated on the sides; scutellum finely

punctured ; elytra ovate, convex, deeply punctured, sides more

rounded than in the former species ; beneath black, closely punc-

tured, a few stains on the apical, and the extreme margin of all

the abdominal segments, pitchy.

Port Natal.

Smaller than the last, more globose, the puncturing coarser.

( 89 )

XI. On New Genera and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera.

Part II. By Francis P. Pascoz, Esq., F.L.S, &c.

[Read Jan. 5th, 1857.]

A.TuHouGH the present communication is but the continuation of a

former one read to the Society last March, I have somewhat en-

larged its scope by not exclusively confining myself to the Longi-

corns of Asia. From all countries there are numerous species

and many new forms in our collections, still unnamed and unde-

scribed; and the more remarkable of these, I hope, from time to

time, to bring under the notice of the Society.

While expressing my acknowledgments elsewhere to gentlemen

for facilities afforded me in one way or another, I cannot help

tendering my thanks here to our president, W. W. Saunders,

Esq., F.R.S., &c., &c., for his liberality in placing many fine and

curious forms in my hands for publication, in addition to the

numerous rarities with which he has enriched my cabinet. To

Adam White, Esq., of the British Museum, I owe many valuable

suggestions ; nor, without the facilities afforded by that now really

noble institution, both in its museum and library, would it be

possible to ascertain what had been done by naturalists, who have

scattered their writings about in every imaginable form of publi-

cation. The life-like drawings of the more remarkable forms

here described, from the well-known pencil of J. O. Westwood,

Esq., leave nothing to be desired, and I can only regret that the

exigencies of the situation do not allow me to avail myself still

further of his skill.

To avoid repetition it is to be understood that all described in

this paper from Malacca and Borneo are due to the researches of

Mr. Wallace; and when Mr. Low, a professed naturalist and

resident in the latter country, tells us in his work (“* Sarawak,” p.

87) that ** beetles* are very scarce,” it may be inferred by those

who have seen, from time to time, the extensive collections sent

to this country by the former gentleman, with what energy

* Why not get rid of this word, which is not confined, in common parlance, to

the Coleoptera, and is almost universally applied to the cockroach only, by the

vulgar? We have ‘‘ mammal’’ and “‘ molluse’’ naturalized among us recently—

why not ‘‘ coleop”?

90 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

he must have prosecuted his labours. To Mr. Fortune, so well

known for his Travels in China, we owe all we possess from the

north of that empire. With regard to other countries, I have

mentioned the name of the collector whenever it has been known

to me.

DyNAmosTEs.

Head wider than the thorax, elongated behind the eyes. An-

tenn approximate, 11-jointed, the first thick and nearly twice

the length of the third, which is somewhat shorter than the fourth,

and nearly equal with the rest, the second excepted. Maxil-

lary palpi longer than the labial, with their terminal joints in-

versely conical. Elytra depressed, wider than the thorax. Legs

with the femora very stout, the tibiz unarmed, the posterior

deeply notched, tarsi short, claws slender.

This most remarkable form has no very obvious affinity with

any genus of Prionide yet known. The only specimen | have

seen is in the rich collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq.

Dynamostes audaz. (Pl. XXII. fig. 1.)

D. fusco-piceus ; elytris tricostatis, interstitiis punctis lineis

duabus ordinatis. India. |

Pitchy brown, sparingly clothed with short stiff hairs, particu-

larly on the tibize and antenne ; head coarsely punctured, except

a space on the vertex, which is smooth and polished ; prothorax

roughly punctured, with two or three faint striz in the middle;

elytra with three Jongitudinal ribs, the interstices having a double

row of coarse punctures; legs stout, the femora large, the tibiae

simple, the posterior with a deep notch internally at the end; tarsi

short, the claws slender.

Length 133 lines.

Prionus fossatus.

P. fusco-piceus ; mandibulis capiteque rudé punctatis, inter

oculos excavato; prothorace subtilissime punctato, angulo pos-

teriori mutico; elytris tri-costulatis, leviter punctatis ; tibiis

canaliculatis. China Borealis.

Pitchy brown, paler or shading gradually into chesnut behind ;

eyes large, rather approximate, a wide groove between the eyes,

a ridge on each side the groove, and a prominent elevation below

which gives insertion to the antenna, the latter and the mandibles

coarsely punctured; antenne with all the joints after the fourth

of nearly equal Jength; prothorax delicately punctured, short,

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 91

rather broad, with two spines on each side, the posterior angle un-

armed; scutellum transverse, with fine punctures; elytra sub-

parallel, finely punctured with three costulze and the sutnral angle

distinct ; legs moderate, chesnut brown, tibiz canaliculate, poste-

rior tarsus rather long.

Length 17 lines.

This seems to be the common form of Prionus in North China.

Prionus hydropicus.

P. castaneo-fuscus; mandibulis capiteque subtiliter punctatis,

inter oculos subsulcato ; prothorace punctato, angulo posteriori

spinoso ; elytris bicostulatis scabrosis, angulo suturali rotun-

dato. China Borealis.

Dull chesnut brown, eyes moderate, rather distant, with a flat

surface between them, divided by a slight groove and finely

punctured; mandibles very minutely punctured; antenne with

the last five or six joints very short, and, except the last, cup-

shaped ; prothorax with three spines on each side, including the

one at the posterior angle; elytra widest in the middle, rather

short, convex, sub-costulate, minutely corrugated, and with very

slight traces of punctures, the sutural angle rounded ; legs mode-

rate, tibize simple, posterior tarsus short.

Length 14 lines.

NEOSTENUS.

Head small, eyes reniform, palpi slender, unequal; antennze

rather long, the first joint shorter than the third, the fourth and

fifth rather longer, and with the remainder sub-equal and dilated

on one side; thorax simple, rounded; elytra very long and nar-

row, but shorter than the abdomen; legs very short, tibize simple.

The habit of this genus is so very remarkable as to suggest a

doubt, at the first glance, of its belonging to the Prionide ; its affi-

nity, however, to dphanasium and Philus, is evident. The only

example which has fallen under my notice is in Mr. Saunders’s

collection, and is apparently a female: when the male is known it

will be probably necessary to modify some of the above charac-

ters.

Neostenus Saundersii. (Pl. XXII. fig. 2.)

N. fusco-piceus, subtus pubescens ; prothorace crebre punctato ;

elytris brunneis, costatis, humeris elevatis. Nova Cambria

Australis.

Pitchy brown, with a greyish pubescence beneath; thorax

thickly and minutely punctured; elytra light brown, each with

92 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

two prominent ribs, and at the sides two others, but less evident,

none reaching to the apex, the interstices very finely punctured,

the humeral angles rather raised.

Length 17 lines.

Cerambyx ? morosus.

C. fuscus; prothorace mutico, transversim corrugato; elytris

pube flavescente vestitis, apice angulatis ad suturam spinosis ;

antennis scabris, piceis, articulis a tertio ad septimum apice

spinosis. Borneo.

Brown, with a delicate pubescence principally on the elytra;

head elongated, with a deep longitudinal furrow between the eyes

and a transverse groove above the labrum, in which are two round

tubercles ; prothorax transversely grooved, the grooves curved and

irregular ; scutellum small; elytra finely punctured, having each

three faint stria, and somewhat gibbous towards the base, the

apex angular, with the suture produced into a spine ; antennze

glabrous, roughly tubercled, the third to the seventh joints spined

at the end; legs rufous brown.

Length 25 lines.

This fine species scarcely accords with Cerambyx, if we take

cerdo, heros, orientalis, &c. as the types.

XOANODERA.

Head rather narrow; eyes large, broadly emarginate; palpi

lengthened, the maxillary longer than the labial, the terminal

joint oblong truncate; antennee longer than the body, the first

four or five joints rounded, the remainder dilated, the fourth

shortest, except the second; thorax lengthened, pyriform; elytra

long, truncate at the apex ; legs moderately long.

This genus, and the two following (Calpazia and Zatrephus) are

related to the restricted genus Cerambyz. but have quite a different

habit. Xoanodera is more particularly distinguished from its allies

by its unequal palpi. In X. trigona, the outer maxillary lobe is

elongated and porrect, with a brush-like tip: X. magister has no

such structure apparently, and may form another genus,

Xoanodera trigona. (Pl. XXIII. fig. 1.)

X. fusca, opaca; prothorace longitudinaliter striato; elytris

profunde punctatis, postice dilatatis albido-hirtis, lateribus

nudis. Malacea.

Upper surface opaque, pitchy brown; the head, sides of the

prothorax and the undersurface covered with thickly set short

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 93

yellowish hairs; pubescence on the elytra partial, a large sub-

triangular spot on each side, being entirely free of hairs and very

coarsely and deeply punctured ; there are also a few half-naked

patches, principally near the apex; antenne and legs brown,

thickly set with short hairs.

Length 12 lines.

Xoanodera magister.

X. piceo-fusca vel nigra, sub-nitida, maculis lineiformibus albido-

villosis lateralibus ornata; prothorace transversim striato ;

elytris elongatis, versus apicem leviter attenuatis. Borneo.

Pitchy brown or black, slightly shining; from the eye and

along the sides of the thorax and elytra extend three or four lines

of. elongated spots, sometimes coalescing with one another, and

formed of short thickly set yellowish white hairs; these are so

placed as to leave a broad naked space from the crown of the

head to the apex of the elytra, while the interstices on the latter

are very slightly punctate ; antennz and legs pubescent.

Length 17 lines.

CALPAZIA.

Antenne longer than the body, the first five or six joints

rounded, the rest dilated on one side, the seventh longest; palpi

sub-equal; the last joint of the maxillary nearly triangular ;

thorax rather broad, somewhat elliptic, unarmed; elytra small;

legs rather long, with the hinder femora reaching nearly to the

end of the elytra.

The broad elliptic thorax, small elytra and longer legs are the

most characteristic points of this genus, which in habit is not very

unlike E/aphidion.

Calpazia vermicularis. (P]. XXIII. fig. 2.)

C. fusco-niger ; prothorace transversim striato; elytris punc-

tatis sub-parallelis, pilis sparsis brevibus adpressis irregu-

lariter dispositis, singulis macula magna nigra ornatis.

Borneo.

Upper surface dark brownish black, more or less furnished

with short appressed somewhat glossy yellowish hairs, sparingly

on the head and on the sides of the prothorax, leaving the central

striated part bare, and on the elytra, which are nearly parallel,

except on the large black post-median patch extending the whole

breadth of the elytron, the hairs are very irregularly arranged in

little convoluted clusters, giving the part a sort of worm-eaten

94 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

appearance; under surface, legs and antennz testaceous brown,

with a sparse silky pubescence.

Length 8 lines.

ZATREPHUS.

Head moderate; antennz distant, shorter than the body, the

first four or five joints rounded, the rest dilated on one side ;

palpi short, nearly equal, the last joint nearly as long as the

rest together; thorax longer than broad, narrow in front and

corrugated ; elytra rather broad, truncate at the apex ; legs

short.

The two insects which I have placed in this genus differ in

habit, so that their being congeneric is doubtful. In all proba-

bility these with Calpazia and Xoanodera, and possibly other

groups, are the representatives of extensive series, for of the five

species composing these three genera, Mr. Wallace has detected

only six specimens, Xoanodera trigona alone having occurred a

second time; their capture, then, is a mere accident, and it may

be left to the imagination to infer how many more await future

research.

Zat:ephus pannosus. (Pl. XXIII. fig. 3.)

Z. brunneus; prothorace rugoso fulvo-lanuginoso; elytris

elongatis, pilis fulvo-albidis densissime tectis. Borneo.

Brown ; head with a deep groove between the eyes; prothorax

very rough, with indeterminate strize and tubercles, and here and

there with little patches of fulvous woolly hairs; elytra densely

covered with pale brownish white appressed hairs, except a naked

glossy spot near the apex of each; antenna everywhere covered

with short fulvous hairs ; legs and under surface with pale brown

hairs.

Length 14 lines.

Zatrephus inscitus.

Z. fuscus; prothorace medio bicostato, lateribus corrugatis ;

elytris brevibus, sub-sericeis flavis, postice dilatis. Borneo.

Head and thorax deep brown, the latter at both the anterior

and posterior margins with two transverse stria, between which

are two central longitudinal ribs, the sides being irregularly cor-

rugated ; elytra wider posteriorly, the apex divaricate, pale brown,

covered with short yellowish silky hairs; under surface, legs and

antenne clothed with short hairs.

Length 11] lines.

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 95

Sternacanthus picticornis.

S. niger nitidus ; elytris rubris, fasciis tribus nigris ornatis ;

antennis nigris, articulis 3-tiis, 4-tis, 5-tis flavis ; segmento

ultimo abdominis flavo. Para.

Closely resembles the Prionus undatus of Olivier, but is larger,

proportionably broader and more depressed, and has the lateral

abdominal segment of a dull yellow colour; the bands on the

elytra are much narrower, and the black spot on the shoulder is

absent. I have only seen the specimen in my own collection,

which appears to be a female.

Length 11 lines.

NoseERIUS.

Head rather produced behind, but broad between the eyes;

palpi equal, the maxillary thicker ; antennze moderate, the third

joint longest, the rest nearly equal; thorax broader than long,

slightly depressed, tubercled laterally ; elytra long, rounded at

the apex; legs moderate, slender ; thighs simple.

Stromatium appears to be the nearest ally of this genus, from

which it differs in habit and the absence of the thoracic “ plate.”

Noserius tibialis. (Pl. XXIII. fig. 4.)

N. pallide-testaceus, pubescens; antennis tibiisque piceis;

oculis apicibusque mandibularum nigris. Borneo.

Pale testaceous and delicately pubescent ; antenne, except the

first joint, blackish-brown; the eyes and tips of the mandibles

black ; tibiae, the apices of the thighs and part of the first tarsal

joint pitchy black ; prothorax with a minute tubercle at the sides;

elytra faintly striated ; scutellum minute.

Length 7 lines.

Stromatium alienum.

S. pallide-testaceum, pubescens ; prothorace mamillis duabus

posticis ; elytris parallelis tricostatis, punctis elevatis sparsis

aspersis. Espiritu Santo (Brasilia).

Pale testaceous, finely pubescent ; prothorax at each posterior

angle with a round mamillated protuberance ; elytra with three or

four rows of elevated points and three ribs, the inner or sutural

one being very short and almost obsolete, the two others gradually

increasing in length and distinctness, while at the apex there

appears another, formed, however, by the deflection of the

elytron,

Length 6 lines.

96 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

Although the common Stromatium strepens, F., has a wide range

in the old world, | have nowhere seen it mentioned as a native of

the new; however, it seems to be common about Rio de Janeiro:

and I have now the pleasure of adding another species, not very

dissimilar, but abundantly distinct in its prothoracic mamillary

protuberances and other characters, from Espiritu Santo, a pro-

vince bordering Rio on the north.

Pachylocerus plumiferus. (Pl. XXIII. fig. 5.)

P. brunnescente-ruber ; prothorace rude sulcato, subnitido atro-

maculato; elytris pubescentibus opacis atro-maculatis ; an-

tennis articulis tertio ad sextum apice plumosis ; metathorace

abdomineque pubescente atro, prothorace subtus pedibusque

ferrugineis. India.

Brownish red, the bead and thorax glabrous, the latter deeply

sulcate, shining, with eight black spots not very clearly defined,

four of which are central and two on either side; elytra pubescent,

very dull, each with about four small black spots towards the

base and a large black patch posteriorly ; abdomen and breast

black, with a somewhat silvery pubescence, the thorax beneath

and legs ferruginous ; antennee very thick ; the ends of the joints,

from the third to the sixth, with a tuft of short hairs on one side

beneath.

Length 103 lines.

This may be possibly the male of Olivier’s Cerambyx crassi-

cornis, yet his figure is so unlike the present insect, and his

description so loose, as fairly to justify their separation, until

his original specimen, if it be in existence, can be re-examined.

The tufts on the antennz are, probably, only sexual. This rare

insect is in the collection of Mr. Saunders.

PyrestTEs.

Head produced; antennz short, laterally dilated; maxillary

palpi longer than the labial; prothorax subcylindrical, elongated ;

elytra sinuated exteriorly near the shoulders, dilated posteriorly ;

legs short.

Allied to Erythrus, Wh., but with a very different thorax:

in that genus, too, the palpi are nearly equal.

Pyrestes eximius. (Pl. XXII. fig. 3.)

S. niger, nitidus ; prothorace transversim striato ; elytris punc-

tatis abdomineque coccineis. Borneo.

Head, thorax, scutellum and legs black; abdomen and elytra

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 97

vermilion red; prothorax minutely and transversely striated ;

elytra rather coarsely punctured, thickened at the suture, and

moderately sinuated at the apex.

Length 63 lines.

Pyrestes miniatus.

P, ruber, pubescens ; prothorace transversim minutissime-striato

elytrisque tenuiter punctato; oculis abdomineque nigris, hoc

segmentis ultimis duobus rubris. India Borealis.

Head, thorax and elytra red; antenne, eyes, legs, posterior

portion of the thorax beneath and abdomen black (except the

two last segments, which are pale red); prothorax with very fine

transverse striz, and with the elytra pubescent and covered with

numerous minute punctures. In the collection of W. W. Saun-

ders, Esq.

Length 53 lines.

Pyrestes hamaticus.

P. rubro-coccineus, punctatus, subtus niger; abdomine polita

brunneo-coccinea. China Borealis.

About the size of Pyrestes eaimius ; vermilion red, hairy, and

rather thickly punctured ; antennz brownish red, deepening into

black at the end; tibiz and tarsi dark red; eyes and beneath

black; the abdomen dark red, polished ; prothorax with scarcely

any traces of striz; elytra deeply sinvated. In the British

Museum.

Clytellus Westwoodii.

C. ater, glaber, nitidissimus; elytris elongatis sub-parallelis,

bigibbosis, apicibus albo-hirtis. Borneo.

Deep pitchy black, smooth and shining ; head parallel with the

thorax, which is narrow and deeply constricted behind; elytra

rather lengthened, nearly parallel at the sides, and depressed

about the middle so as to form a double gibbosity, at the apex of

each a small triangular white spot formed by short silky hairs;

legs pitchy brown; a very few scattered hairs appear on the face,

the hollow of the elytra, and on the tibia.

Length 33 lines.

As we are indebted to Mr. Westwood for our knowledge of

this curious genus, | have taken the opportunity of attaching his

name to a second very distinct species, differing from the typical

Clytellus methocoides in its larger size, more linear outline, and

VOL. IV.. N.S, PART IV.—APRIL, 1857. H

98 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

the absence of the reflexed spinous tubercle on the shoulder

which characterizes that species.

DEUTEROMMA.

Antenne setaceous, twice as long as the body, the joints nearly

equal, except the two first, which are shortest; eyes four; palpi

short; prothorax depressed, rounded at the sides and slightly

toothed, constricted behind ; elytra parallel, depressed ; legs long,

the femora and tibiae compressed.

In the species described below, the coxz, particularly of the

intermediate legs, are unusually large and placed so apart, that

the insertion of the femora can be almost seen from above; these

femora, too, in one sex at least, are remarkably bent and attenu-

ated at their base. There is another species, but the only two

specimens I have seen are very imperfect.

Deuteromma callidioides. (P1. XXIII. fig. 6.)

D. testaceo-brunnea ; elytris fuscescentibus pube cinereo tectis ;

oculis nigris. Borneo.

Head, prothorax and antennz yellowish brown; elytra black-

ish brown (except a very small part of the base, which is the same

colour as the thorax), covered with short greyish hairs; legs

yellowish brown, the middle and_ posterior pair darker, and

furnished with a greyish pile; under surface with colours cor-

responding to the upper.

Length 4 lines.

Didymocantha thoracica.

D. testaceo-brunnea; prothorace fusco rugoso, maculis albo-

lanuginosis ornato; elytris apiculatis punctatis, punctis setu-

liferis, macula irregulari post-median& margineque posticali

fuscis. Australia [Moreton Bay].

Head and prothorax brown, the latter roughly tuberculate, with

a broad oblique stripe of white woolly hairs on each side, and an

oblong spot at the base; scutellum white; elytra punctured, very

roughly on the upper half, an erect setulose hair arising from the

base of each puncture, testaceous-brown ; an irregular post-median

spot, and the posterior third, bordered with dark brown, the suture

ending ina sharp projecting spine ; legs with the apices of the

femora black; under surface somewhat glossy, with a white spot

on the side of each abdominal segment.

Length 11 lines.

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 99

Blemmya humeralis.

B. atra; elytris singulis lineo humerale et fasciis duabus trans-

versis sutura non attingente, albis; corpore subtus pube

sericeo-argentata. Malacca.

Deep black; the prothorax finely punctured with a narrow

white border at the anterior and posterior margins; elytra covered

with a fine pile and having on each a white line, commencing

between the shoulder and scutellum, continued downwards to

about a third of its length, where the first transverse band occurs,

and a little below this a second and broader one, but neither attain-

ing the suture, at the apex an indistinct pale blotch; antenne

with a silvery pubescence; body beneath covered with a white

silky pile.

Length 43 lines.

This is especially interesting as a Malayan species of a genus

founded on two Bornean insects, which I proposed in a former

communication. The remarkable carina which is so evident on

the elytra of one of the latter, and of which only a faint trace

exists in the other, disappears altogether in the present species ;

in this, too, the antennz are proportionably longer and the joints

less dilated, the third being longer than the first; the legs, also,

are more slender, and the whole form less robust.

Tmesisternus gratiosus. (Pl. XXII. fig. 4.)

T. niger, nitidus, glaberrimus ; prothorace lateribus albo-vittatis ;

elytris biapiculatis, singulis Jineis tribus curvatis albis ; sub-

tus thorace albo-marginatis, segmentis abdominis lateribus

albo-maculatis. Insula Pinorum.

Black, smooth and shining, with a very slight brassy tint, and

marked above and beneath with lines and stripes, formed by short

white closely-appressed hairs; on the head, between the eye and

the insertion of the antennz, again behind the eye, which is con-

tinuous with a lateral thoracic stripe; an oblong central spot on

the scutellum, and lastly, four transverse white marks on each

elytron not meeting at the suture, the first close to the junction

with the thorax, the second about the middle, which is slightly

interrupted, the third curved downwards, and at the apex we

have it formed by the line of hairs projecting backwards. Be-

neath there is the same polished surface as the thorax, more or

less margined with white lines of hairs, as well as the abdominal

segments at the sides anteriorly, but gradually becoming oblite-

rated towards the last.

Length 5 lines.

H 2

100 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

I have carefully examined the descriptions of Tmesisterni, in the

French ‘“ Voyages,” as well as the more recent ones of Montrousier

and Perroud, and cannot find that this insect has been anywhere

described. It was found in the Isle of Pines by Mr. Macgilliv-

ray of H. M.S. Herald, and is in the rich collection of W. W.

Saunders, Esq.

Scopapus.

Head large, eyes reniform, antenne longer than the body, ciliated

beneath. Prothorax narrower than the head, vaulted above and

rather longer than broad. LElytra crested at the shoulders, very

convex at the apex and rounded. Legs with the femora thickened,

the tarsi very short.

Closely allied to Leptoplia, Dej., which, however, differs in its

large globular thorax, and very compressed and lengthened femora.

Scopadus ciliatus. (Pl. XXII. fig. 5.)

S. fusco-ater, setis sparsis flavescentibus obtectis ; dimidio ba-

sali elytrorum, pedibus antennisque obscure luteis. Ad Flu-

men Amazon.

The whole body above sparingly furnished with long yellowish

setulose hairs. Thorax black, with a narrow white median longi-

tudinal line at its base, extending to about half its length. Face

dull yellowish ; eyes black; antennz varied with black and dull

yellow. Elytra with not quite half the apical portion black, and

where it ceases having each two small white spots, the remainder

of the elytra fulvous yellow, each shoulder having an elevated

crest crowned with a tuft of longish hairs, from the base of each

crest and on the outside an oblique groove, converging towards the

suture so as to forma mark like the letter V._ Legs brownish

yellow, beneath yellowish, the abdomen shining black.

Length 4 lines.

A gelasta irrorata.

A. anthracina; elytris tenuiter griseo-hirtis, nigro-irroratis,

guttis albis sparsis ornatis. Malacca.

Deep coal black, the upper surface sparingly furnished with

short stiff erect hairs; prothorax with a tubercle on each side;

elytra sprinkled over with small black naked spots, among which

are also twelve or fourteen small pure white ones; antenne

black, with the bases of the third, fourth, fifth and sixth joints

grey; legs black, the tibize grey in the middle, the four posterior

femora varied with grey, the last tarsal joint, and the bases of all

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 101

the claws white ; beneath greyish, with one or two white spots on

the sides.

Length 8 lines.

A genus hitherto confined to Borneo and the Phillippines ; it is

not like in colour any other species.

Cacia concinna.

C. castanea, nitida; elytris punctatis, parce aureo-maculatis.

Borneo.

Rich chesnut brown, shining; prothorax smooth ; elytra having

each six or seven very distinct golden yellow spots; antennz with

the first four joints very hairy beneath, the rest small, the fifth

white, the remainder brown; under surface paler.

Length 4 lines,

The first four joints of the antenne are rather larger than usual

in this genus, and are together nearly twice the length of the re-

mainder. It is rather an aberrant species.

Cacia setulosa.

C. brunnea, fusco-variegata, fortiter punctata; elytris sub-tri-

fasciatis; scutello albo; antennis pedibusque setulosis.

Java.

Pale brown, with dark brown markings and very coarsely punc-

tured; head dark brown, hairy ; prothorax smooth, with two spots

on the anterior margin, and four on the posterior; elytra de-

pressed, with a line of hairs on their exterior borders, and three

dark imperfect fascize ; scutellum dull white; legs hairy, varied,

the tibiz’ with a pale ring in the middle, tarsi pale; antenne

furnished beneath with numerous stiff erect hairs, particularly the

three first, the fourth with a slight trace of a tuft at the apex,

the third, fourth and fifth paler at the base.

Length 4 lines.

Allied to Cacia spinigera, Newm.

Cacia confusa.

C. grisea; capite prothoraceque lineis duabus nigris; elytris

punctatis, variegatis, fascia transversa posticali fusca ; anten-

nis longis. Malacca.

Dull grey ; a band, commencing from behind each eye, extends

in a parallel line over the prothorax ; elytra sparingly but coarsely

punctured, varied with a few small brown irregular obscure spots,

and at the posterior third a broad rather indistinct band; antennz

102. Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

one-third longer than the body, slightly ciliated beneath, brown,

the fifth joint and base of the fourth excepted, which are white;

legs brown, with a pale band in the middle of each tibia.

Length 4 lines.

Cacia inculta.

C. brunnea, flavido-fuscoque variegata ; prothorace transversa ;

scutello pallide-ochraceo; elytris fasciis duabus apiceque

fuscis ; antennis mediocribus, articulo tertio curvato. Bor-

neo.

Brown, varied with dark brown and yellowish; prothorax

short, with dark spots and patches, and the side with an oblique

stripe; scutellum pale buff; elytra coarsely punctured with two

fascia, the upper curved downward from the shoulder, and

the most distinct, particularly at its anterior border, the lower

formed by two interrupted patches; behind this there is a dark

spot or two, the apex being very distinctly tipped with dark

brown ; antenne scarcely longer than the body, and very slightly

ciliated, reddish brown, the apex of the fourth joint with a black

tuft, its base and that of the fifth pale; legs with the four pos-

terior tarsi pale, the anterior reddish, all, with the tibize, obscurely

banded in the middle.

Length 5 lines.

Cacia Newmanni.

C. fusca; prothorace humerisque albo-bilineatis; elytris punc-

tatis basi tuberculato, postice lineis duabus curvatis, una alba

altera nigra, ornatis. Malacca.

Brown ; prothorax with a white line commencing behind the

eyes and directed obliquely outward over the shoulder, within

this there is a wider black one, which, however, is confined to the

prothorax ; elytra coarsely punctured, with a large tubercle be-

tween the shoulder and scutellum, having a curved white line,

and behind a broader black one, extending obliquely across the

lower half, and with an obscure patch or two near the apex; legs

with the basal half of all the tibiz pale, the rest with the tarsi

black ; antennze with the first joint dark brown, the second and

third reddish brown, the fourth black, and all these hairy, espe-

cially the last, the fifth joint white, the remainder light brown,

deepening gradually into black.

Length 23 lines.

I have named this elegant little insect after E. Newman, Esq.,

F.L.S., &c. &c., who first characterized this now tolerably ex-

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 103

tensive genus, and to whom oriental Entomology is more parti-

cularly indebted.

Penthea Saundersiv.

P. picea, rugoso-punctata, maculis lineisque albis ornata; an-

tennis ciliatis griseo-annulatis; corpore subtus pedibusque

pube albida tectis. Flumen Cygnorum.

Pitchy black, roughly and irregularly punctured, with numerous

distinct variously-shaped markings, composed of whitish silky

hairs scattered over the upper surface ; on the head, a line on the

vertex and between the eyes, one round the orbit, and two oblong

patches on the cheek ; the anterior and posterior margins of the

prothorax with double lines, and in the centre an x shaped mark ;

on the elytra numerous spots more or less round, angular and

curved ; scutellum small, concave ; under surface and legs covered

with a dense whitish pile; tarsi and antennz black, the latter

ciliated underneath, with the third to the seventh or eighth joints

grey at their base.

Length 18 lines.

The fine insect from which this description is made is in the

collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq., and was taken by the botanist,

Drummond, in the interior of the Swan River colony.

Monohammus hilaris.

M. niger ; prothorace lateribus verticeque flavo-vittatis ; elytris

cano-pubescentibus, guttis flavis aspersis; antennis articulis

plurimis basi canis. China Borealis.

Black, with spots and stripes of yellow hairs; vertex sulcated

and striped longitudinally, a spot beneath the insertion of the

antennz and another on the cheek ; prothorax transversely corru-

gated, with a broad stripe on each side above the spine and two

oblong spots beneath it ; elytra truncate at the apex, with a grey-

ish pubescence, several small spots and a row of five larger ones

on the outer side of each; antennz light grey, with the two first

and the apices of all the others black, except the last, which is

black only in the middle; body beneath pubescent, with yellow

spots.

Length 12 lines.

M. punctulatus, West., is very near this.

Monohammus permutans.

M. olivaceo-aureus, pube velutino tectus ; prothorace angusto,

fortiter spinoso; elytris sericeo-undulatis, certo situ visis

104 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

nebulosis; antennis griseis, articulis apice nigris. China

Borealis.

Densely covered with a somewhat greenish-golden velvet

pubescence, the elytra varied by three or four irregular-clouded

bands, which, according to position, is darker or lighter, 7. e., the

dark becoming the light, and vice versdé ; prothorax rather narrow,

with the spine produced ; antenne with the top of each joint

black, the rest pale grey; legs varied with grey and brown.

Length 13 lines.

There are two or three undescribed species very near this.

Monohammus carissimus.

M. ater, pube croceaé densissima tectus; prothorace breve,

atro-maculata vel lineata; elytris irregulariter reticulatis.

Burmah. :

Black, with variously disposed patches of short appressed

saffron yellow hairs, the smooth black surface showing in the

intervals; on the prothorax two spots in a line with the eye,

which sometimes coalesce and form a line; and on the elytra

various irregular reticulations, among which may be recognized

three larger patches on the sides of each, and a common central

one at the base; under surface and legs dull yellow; antennz

yellow, with the first and second joints and the apices of the

remainder black, except the three last, which are brown.

Length 8 lines.

A beautiful species, not likely to be confounded with any other.

STEGENUS.

Head narrow ; antenne approximate, rather longer than the

body, with the first four joints densely clothed with short stiff

hairs.

Thorax unarmed, longer than broad, contracted both before

and behind ; elytra broader than the thorax ; legs rather short.

Nearly allied to Acthophora, Newm., from which it differs

chiefly in the antennee.

Stegenus dactylon. (Pl). XXII. fig. 6.)

S. fuscus; prothorace subsulcato, confertim punctulato ; elytris

striatis, interstitiis rugoso-punctatis, humeris productis, apici-

bus fulvo-notatis ; subtus lateribus albis; antennis articulis

quinto ad ultimum luteis. Borneo.

Deep brown, approaching to black, beneath the eye a white

stripe which extends along the side of the thorax, and, but

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 105

more diffusely, of the abdomen; prothorax (and crown of the

head) minutely punctate, and having three or four very indistinct

grooved lines ; elytra produced at the shoulders, each having three

very coarsely punctured and prominent striz, and at the apex a buff-

coloured mark formed by very short thick-set hairs and extending

up between the strize for a short distance; the seven last joints,

forming the simple portion of the antenne, luteous.

Length 73 lines.

Cereopsius* marmoreus.

C. niger, sub-elongatus ; prothorace tuberculato, lateribus for-

titer spinosis ; elytris apiculatis, griseo-marmoratis ; antennis

fuscis. Malacca.

Brownish black, rather narrow; the prothorax varied with

grey, strongly spined at the sides, and with about eight tubercles

on its surface ; elytra with short appressed hairs, deeply punctured

on the shoulders, with numerous grey and black transverse zig-

zag markings, the outer angle terminating in a spine; antenne

brown ; body beneath and legs with a greyish pubescence.

Length 93 lines.

Cereopsius exoletus.

C. ater; prothorace sub-nitido, maculis duabus albis; elytris

lateribus albescentibus, singulis maculis tribus albis, apice

spinosis ; antennis (articulo primo atro) brunneis. Borneo.

Dull black, pubescent; space round the eye, except at the

upper part, and the whole under surface, covered with greyish

white hairs; prothorax rather glossy, having a slight ridge between

the lateral spines and a distant furrow near its anterior border,

while on each side and in front there is a large well-defined white

spot; elytra very opaque, punctate, particularly at the base, the

lateral apex produced into a spine and having on each side, com-

mencing just below the shoulder, a greyish patch, extending nearly

to the apex, and in which are placed three white spots, two ante-

rior and one posterior. Antenne smooth, light brown, except the

first joint, which is black ; tibize at the end shading into brown.

Length 10 lines.

Phymasterna concreta.

P. curta, convexa, densé pube albida tecta; prothorace antice

rotundato, postice spinoso; elytris sub-triangularibus fasci-

culatis, fortiter punctatis ; antennis mediocribus. Natal.

* Syn. Cereopsis, Bl.; a name employed by Leach in 1801, for a genus of

birds.

106 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

Body short and compact, covered with appressed whitish hairs ;

prothorax very broad, rounded in front, each posterior angle ter-

minating in a spine; elytra broad at the shoulders, decreasing,

with a slight curve at the sides, to the apex, covered with white

hairs mixed with buffish blotches partially disposed in longitudi-

nal curved lines with coarse rough punctures between them, and

each having two fascicles, one between the shoulder and suture,

the other on the apical third of the elytron; antennz not longer

than the body.

Length 4 lines.

Praonetha posticalis.

P. griseo-fusca, varia; elytris medio depressis, bicostatis, basi

elevato-cristatis ; antennis mediocribus. Ceylon.

Greyish brown, varied; prothorax with two obscure longi-

‘tudinal lines at the base, darker externally; elytra bicostate,

roughly punctured, depressed towards the middle, where there is

a dull crescent-shaped greyish band, and towards the apex another

and more deeply defined, the base of each elytron raised into a

crest ; antenne scarcely longer than the body, ciliated beneath.

Length 33 lines.

Praonetha melanura.

P. griseo-fusca; elytris fortiter punctatis ; abdomine segmento

ultimo nigro; antennis brevibus, articulo quarto albo-cincto.

Malacca.

Greyish brown; head sooty; prothorax thickly punctured ;

elytra tinged at the base and posterior half with brownish yellow,

the middle greyish, very coarsely punctured in regular lines ;

tarsi and last abdominal segment black ; antenne shorter than the

body, dark brown, the fourth joint white in the middle, the third

with a slight tuft of hair, the remainder ciliated.

Length 53 lines.

ACONODES.

Antenne slender, shorter than the body, the third joint longest ;

maxillary palpi with the terminal joint ovate, pointed; eyes

small, broadly emarginate; thorax wider than the head, longi-

tudinal, slightly tumid at the sides; elytra convex, wider poste-

riorly, each terminating in a divaricate point; legs slender, thighs

simple.

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 107

Nearly allied to Hoplopterus,* Bl]. The only example that

I have seen is at the India House, and was collected at Darjeeling,

by Dr. Pearson. Like the Dorcadions of Europe, its habitat is

probably under stones and clods of earth; and if the Anglo-

Indians, while at the sanatoria in the “ hill-country,” and under

the curse of having nothing to do, were to direct their attention

to this or other kindred subjects, the tedium of their sojourn

would be diminished, and the discovery of many novelties the

result. India is still a new field for Entomology. We only

know the finer species.

Aconodes montanus, (P]. XXIII. fig. 7.)

A. obscure-fuscus, rugoso-punctatus ; elytris tuberculato-cris-

tatis. Himalaya Montes.

Dull or dirty brown, and coarsely punctured; prothorax with

a slight longitudinal crest; elytra tuberculate in about three

rows, the one towards the suture forming three crests, of which

the two basal are the most elevated. °

Length 43 lines.

Hathha Buckleyi, Moore’s MS.

H. breviter cylindrica, pilis argenteis brevissimis densissime tecta ;

capite prothoraceque linea media prope obsolet4; elytris

apice divaricatis, atro-punctulatis ; oculis antennisque nigris.

India Borealis.

Body rather short and nearly cylindrical, covered with a very

short dense silvery white pile; on the crown of the head and con-

tinuous with the prothorax an obscure broad line ; elytra some-

what attenuated posteriorly, the apex divaricate, the dorsal surface

with numerous very distinct punctures, apparently caused by the

absence of the pile, the black substance of the elytra showing

beneath ; eyes and antenne black.

Length 7 lines.

The museum at the India House is indebted to Colonel Buck-

ley for many of its most interesting insects, and Mr. Moore has

therefore named this interesting coleop after him.

Apomecyna frenata.

A. atra, subnitida, lineA communi ab oculis, Jateribus protho-

racis ad medium elytrorum transversim connexa, alteraque

semilunari versus apicem, niveis. Malacca.

* This name must be changed, as it was applied in 1831 to a genus of birds,

by the Prince of Canino.

108 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

Black, slightly punctured and shining, a snowy-white line,

composed of very short appressed hairs, extending from the eye

along the sides of the prothorax and elytra to about the middle,

where it crosses and unites with the opposite one, and behind this,

but not quite at the apex, a crescent-shaped line, from which, at

the suture, a finer line is continued to the apex ; under surface,

with the sides of the thorax and abdominal segments, whitish.

Length 53 lines.

This differs from the true Apomecyne in having the elytra

rounded at the apex.

Entelopes ionoptera, (Pl. XXIII. fig. 8.)

E. luteus; elytris crebre punctatis verticeque violaceis ; apice

elytrorum luteis. Borneo.

Luteous yellow; crown of the head deep violet; eyes and tips

of the mandibles black; elytra rich violet, except a very small

patch on the spinous apex, which is yellow, the upper two-thirds

finely pubescent and thickly punctured, the lower third smooth

and shining, with the punctures unfrequent.

Length 44 lines.

This is a true species of E'ntelopes, agreeing perfectly in generic

character but having the elytra a little less convex; in colouring,

however, it departs entirely from the two or three (?) other

species known, and in this respect it approaches very nearly

Astathes.

Astathes straminea.

A. purpureo-atra, angusta ; antennis, elytris, pedibusque pallide

luteis. Burmah, prope Rangoon.

The head, thorax and the whole under surface purplish black ;

the antennz, which are slightly ciliated beneath, legs and elytra,

pale fulvous yellow, the latter faintly striate and shining; pro-

thorax transversely trituberculate.

Length 43 lines.

Astathes purpurea.

A. purpurea, nitida; metathorace subtus, antennis, tarsisque

flavidis. Malacca.

Deep purple, shining; prothorax with three central tubercles

and one on either side; elytra each with two abbreviated coste ;

metathorax beneath, antenne and tarsi dull yellowish.

Length 5 lines.

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 109

Astathes terminata.

A. atra; elytris purpureo-metallicis, his tertio apicali, antennis,

articulo primo excepto, tarsisque flavis; corpore infra picea.

Malacca.

Head and prothorax black, the latter punctate, with three

slightly-developed tubercles ; elytra brilliant metallic purple, the

lower third bright yellow, each with three median ribs. Lower part

of the tibiae, tarsi, palpi and antennz dull yellow, the first joint

of the latter excepted, which is black; beneath pitchy brown.

Length 63 lines.

Ecrarosta.

Head small; eyes completely divided, the upper vertical, small ;

antenne stout, half the length of the body, rounded; the third

and fourth joints long, exceeding the remainder together ; palpi

short, the terminal joint oval pointed ; thorax unarmed, longitu-

dinal, sub-cylindric; elytra very long, rather depressed; legs

moderate, simple.

A remarkable form and evidently allied to Tetraglenes, New-

man. It was discovered by Dr. Horsfield, in Java, some thirty

years ago, and now forms part of the collection at the India

House.

Ectatosia Moorei. (Pl. XXIII. fig. 9.)

E. alba, lineis brunneis longitudinalibus transversim connexis,

Java.

Head small, rather narrower than the thorax; the upper eye

nearly vertical, small and sub-linear, the lower distant and trans-

versely oblong; elytra rather wider than the thorax, slightly

depressed, the apex divaricate ; antennz very robust, sparingly

ciliated beneath. The whole upper surface a dull white, with

pale brown longitudinal lines, which are connected by shorter

transverse ones, so as to give a tessellated appearance, which is

particularly marked on the elytra; one stripe, extending from the

eye to the apex of the elytra, is broader than the rest: there are

also two darker lines on the prothorax, and the suture shows a

gradually widening line for about two-thirds of its length, when

it expands into a round patch, but under a glass the transverse

lines may still be detected; under surface, legs and antennz ob-

scure brownish white.

Length 9 lines.

I have dedicated this fine species to F. Moore, Esq., the

curator of the Museum at the India House, as a slight acknow-

110 Mr. F.P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

ledgment of the liberality and courtesy shown by him to all wish-

ing to examine that extensive collection of everything pertaining

to our Indian empire.

ERIs.

Head wider than the thorax; the palpi short, filiform; the

antenne longer than the body, distant at their insertion, the basal

and fourth joint of equal length, but graduated from the third.

Eyes reniform. Thorax narrow, longer than broad, unarmed ;

elytra depressed. Legs moderate.

The affinities of this genus are not very evident, but I am dis-

posed to place it for the present near Olenocamptus ; the only

species known bears a considerable general resemblance to some

Anthribide, also natives of the same region.

Eris anthriboides. (Pl. XXII. fig. 7.)

E. brunnea, capite (vertice alba) prothoraceque nigro bilineato ;

elytris punctatis bicostatis, pilis griseis brevissimis vestitis ;

antennis longis, ciliatis, pedibusque fuscis variegatis. Borneo.

Brown, crown of the head white, on each side from the eyes

and over the prothorax a black stripe; beneath the eye a white

mark, becoming greyish as it extends over the side and under

parts; scutellum small; elytra covered with a greyish pile, each

having two longitudinal ridges, the outer one being much less dis-

tinct; antennz long, black, the bases of the joints from the third

to the seventh grey; anterior legs brown, the four posterior va-

ried, the tibize ringed with grey in the middle.

Length 6 lines.

Nemotragus cincticornis.

N. brunneus, punctatus supra flavescenti-infra albo-squamo-

sus; elytrorum lateribus nudis ; antennis longissimis, articulo

septimo albo-cincto. Natal.

Brown, covered above with yellowish scales, except the sides

of the elytra, which are bare, prothorax finely, elytra more

coarsely punctured; antennz very long, with the seventh joint

having the upper half white, except a very small portion at the

apex; fourth and fifth joints occasionally pale at the base; legs

very short, under surface covered with white scales.

Length 11 lines; of the antennz 30 lines.

‘I here is what appears to be but a variety, differing considerably

in size, but with no other characters apparently.

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 111

Norma.

Head moderate, gibbous between the eyes; antenne long, ap-

proximate at their base, inserted below the eyes, which are rounded

and entire; labial palpi small, the maxillary with the last joint

longer and ovate. Thorax narrow, acuminate at the sides.

Elytra nearly linear, rounded at the apex. Legs moderate, the

tarsi short.

The insertion of the antennz below the eyes is a peculiarity

among the Longicorns, so far as I am aware, confined to this

genus ; it is otherwise very nearly allied to Stenoderus.

Noémia flavicornis. (Pl. XXII. fig. 8.)

N. cyanea; labro, palpis, femoribus basi, tarsis antennisque

flavis. Malacca.

Deep indigo blue, with sparingly scattered hairs ; labrum, palpi,

thighs as the base, tarsi and antenne yellow; elytra punctate

striate, with a slight violet reflection at the sides.

Length 7 lines.

In some specimens the antennz are furnished beneath with

long silky hairs, arranged in a single row.

Noémia Stevensii.

N. viridis ; prothorace nitida; elytris testaceo-brunneis apice

marginibusque nigris ; antennis, palpis, tibiis tarsisque flavis,

femoribus nigris, basi flavis. Borneo.

Head and thorax shining green; elytra punctate striate, light

testaceous brown, the apex and margins, but not extending to

the shoulders, black ; antenne, palpi and legs yellow, the thighs

only at the base, the remainder being black ; under surface green,

shining.

Length 7 lines.

I have dedicated this species to Samuel Stevens, Esq., F. L. 8.

&c., to whom I am indebted for many facilities in examining Mr.

Wallace’s and other collections, and by whom my cabinet has

been enriched by many rare insects.

Nore.—The genus Deuteromma should be placed near Noserius.

The second species alluded to above (ante, p. 98) may be thus

temporarily characterized :—

Deuteromma testacea.

D. pallide-testacea; antennarum articulis primo et secundo

oculisque brunneis. Borneo.

Length 43 lines,

112 _ Mr. F, P. Pascoe’s Descriptions, &c.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES.

Plate XXII.

Fig. 1. Dynamostes audav.

. Neostenus Saundersii.

. Pyrestes eximius.

. Tmesisternus gratiosus.

. Scopadus ciliatus.

. Stegenus dactylon.

« Eris anthriboides.

. Noémia flavicornis.

ortInn > w

Plate XXIII.

Fig. 1. Xoanodera trigona.

2. Calpazia vermicularis.

3. Zatrephus pannosus.

4. Noserius tibialis.

5. Pachylocerus plumiferus.

6. Deuteromma callidioides.

7. Aconodes montanus.

8. Entelopes ionoptera,

9. Ectatosia Moorei.

G7 Rha)

XII. Observations on Genera. By H.T.Sratnton, Esq.

[Read December Ist, 1856.]

THERE are probably many persons who have hardly given any

serious consideration to the nature of genera. A knowledge of

species is no doubt the first and most important step the naturalist

has to make, but yet as genera do exist, it is desirable that some

clear conception should be attained, if practicable, of what con-

stitutes a genus.

A genus is a collection of species which agree more or less

rigorously in the possession of certain definite characters.

Combined with this agreement in structural character, we shall

generally find a considerable degree of uniformity of habit.

A perfect uniformity in the structural character is not to be

anticipated in any genus, and where by accident we do meet with

it, it can only arise from such genera being extremely limited in

extent, and the somewhat abnormal species belonging to them not

having yet been discovered.

Just as we find from that infinite variety in nature that hardly

two leaves of a tree are exactly similar in every respect, hardly

two specimens of a species are precisely alike, so we should not

be surprised to find, were the different species of a genus minutely

examined, that there is more or less structural diversity amongst

them.

The question, what amount of diversity of structure should

necessitate the removal of a species from a genus, is of course

always open to much discussion.

Manifestly it would not be desirable to have as many genera

as species; if we had, we should entirely lose the object which

we gain by the acceptance of genera. Say, for instance, we have a

genus composed of twenty species: we are aware, if we know the

name of any one species, that it is related more or less intimately

to the remaining nineteen. But supposing the whole twenty are

divided into as many genera: then, when we learn the name of a

species, we learn nothing of its relations; we are obliged to put a

second question—* What genus does it come next to?”

Now, if the genus cannot consist of species all mathematically

agreeing in structure, and if it is found unadvisable to create new

VOL, IV. N.S. PT. V.—JULY, 1857. I

114 Mr. H. T. Stainton on Genera.

genera for every slight discrepancy of structure, it is evident

that we have a certain carte blanche allowed us, and there is an

elasticity, so to speak, about genera.

Supposing again in our genus of twenty species there are found

some half dozen that agree amongst themselves in the develop-

ment of some particular organ, and have so strong a family like-

ness that they are at once recognised as forming a group; here

we might, without causing a difficulty, create these species into a

genus ;—but whether that genus would eventually stand is a point

which would remain for future solution when new species occurred.

If such new species were found agreeing rigorously with the

characters on which the new genus was constituted, such species

would tend to confirm the stability of the genus ; but supposing,

on the other hand, any new species that might be met with formed

connecting links between the new genus that had been erected,

and the remaining species of the old genus from which it had

been separated, the new discoveries might in this way completely

bridge over the chasm between the two genera and again reunite

tbem into one.

Though it is an evil to have many genera consisting only of

single species, this cannot always, in the gradual progress of

science, be avoided. Sometimes species are met with so peculiar

in some one or more of their organs that they cannot be referred

to any known genera, though it will sometimes happen that the

discovery of further species may eventually show that such insects

are only the extreme and abnormal forms of existing genera.

Hence it will be found, that, as we progress in the discovery of

species, some new genera will be created, and some genera will be

merged into others, perhaps again after a time to be revived as

distinct. A more rigorous examination of structure, and a closer

acquaintance with the habit of species, will often lead to the

formation of new genera, irrespective of the discovery of new

species.

The superficial observer will be apt to complain of this increase

in the number of genera as an unnecessary complication of affairs

—whereas, in point of fact, it is in reality a step towards their

simplification. For if several species agree inter se in the posses-

sion of several characteristics, it is simpler to have them as a

distinct genus than as a group, somewhat isolated, in a larger

genus.

The fact of our having a series of genera, each consisting of

only a single species, does not necessarily imply something de-

fective in our notions of genera, because it may happen that each

Mr. H. T. Stainton on Genera. 115

of these single species represents the type of one extensive genus,

but of which the other species are unknown to us, not occurring

in the restricted area to which our investigations have been

confined.

That the limits of genera are not always closely defined, that

they shade off as it were imperceptibly at the edges, is nothing

more than we might have anticipated. Rigidly defined mathema-

tical genera, with no intermediate species, exist only as phantoms

in the brain of the systematizer, and, brought face to face with

the facts of nature, such phantoms vanish.

I do not profess to have propounded anything novel in the

preceding observations, and I believe it will be found that what I

have said is so exactly similar to the remarks on the same subject

by Mr. Wollaston in his Treatise ‘On the Variation of Species,”

that on that very account it may appear still less necessary to

intrude the subject upon the Society. My object, however, has

been to bring the subject primarily before the notice of some of

the readers of the Society’s Transactions, and with this view I

have purposely been as brief and as explicit as I could.

XIII. Observations on the Difficulties attending the Dis-

crimination of the Species of the Genus Stylops. By

Freperick Smita, Esq.

[Read May 5th, 1856.]

Tue morning of the 16th of April, 1856, held out a promise of a

good day for collecting bees, and so it proved, as my son on that

day obtained not less than fifty specimens of Andrenide, on Hamp-

stead Heath, in the finest possible condition, together with some

examples of Nomada signata, N. borealis and N. Lathburiana. His

magazine was a bottle containing bruised laurel, for miscellaneous

collecting, but for any specimens of particular interest, I fur-

nished him with pill boxes, of the latter kind he obtained the

sexes of Andrena fulva, taken “ in coitu,” and a pair of Andrena

116 Mr. F. Smith on the Difficulties attending the

varians, under similar circumstances. I had previously captured

the sexes of both the species in a similar way, but of the

A. varians only a single pair. On an examination of the male,

captured by my son, I am even more inclined to the opinion that

A, helvola and 4. varians constitute but one species, being the

representatives of the opposite ends of a chain of varieties. I can

detect no difference beyond the greater or less development of the

angle, or tooth, at the base of the mandibles of the males, and the

females run so insensibly into a string of varieties, that I am

unable to draw a line of demarkation for any separation of

species.

The most interesting capture, however, was a stylopized speci-

men of the male of Andrena Trimmerana. I readily detected, from

the cylindrical portion of the cocoon of a Stylops, which projected

between the segments of the abdomen, that the individual it con-

tained was a male ; [I lost no time in extracting it, when it proved

to be one of the finest I have seen; one side of the cocoon I ob-

served had a transverse slit, from which I conjectured, that the

Stylops was in the act of effecting its escape when the bee was

captured. Having carefully spread out my insect on card, I at

once proceeded to make a careful drawing of it, whilst in its

perfect and recent condition.

The results of my examination of this insect, in a state of

perfection, I consider very interesting; in the first place, I will

point out a few particulars, necessary to be borne in mind when

I come to some observations on the various representations of

species, in different publications.

When a male Stylops is seen in a living state it is a very

different creature to that which many may have pictured to them-

selves, having had no other guide than the caricatures which

have appeared of it; and, with one or two exceptions, they cannot

be considered otherwise. The texture of all parts of the body of

a male Stylops is of so delicate a nature, that within two hours

after death the entire appearance of the insect is changed ;

bearing no nearer resemblance to the living creature, than a

shrivelled mummy does to the once manly and graceful Egyptian ;

the head becomes more or less distorted, and the remarkable

lateral appendages of the thorax, which in life were rounded on

one side and flattened on the other, become entirely changed in

form; the abdomen, which when living, or recent, is of an elon-

gated cylindrical form, after death collapses and shrivels up into

the crumpled mass which is usually depicted; in fact, such is the

Discrimination of the Species of the Genus Stylops. 117

delicate texture of the whole body, that no representation of a

dried specimen is of much use in attempting to determine the

species ; for it is quite certain that the form which many of the

parts of the insect will assume in drying, must in a great measure

be accidental.

Having made a drawing of my fresh specimen, I was anxious

to ascertain the species, for which purpose I consulted the

following authorities :—from Kirby’s description and figure I only

derived the satisfaction of confirming my opinion, that I possessed

an undoubted species of Stylops; but found it impossible to

ascertain whether mine was the Stylops Melitte or not.

The Stylops Children, figured in ‘ Griffith’s Animal Kingdom,”

is from Nova Scotia; still having the opportunity of examining

the typical example, in the Museum collection, I compared mine

with it, and found that it very closely resembled it, but is dis-

tinguished by a marked characteristic difference in the form of the

antenne. The engraving of S. Childreni gives a very indifferent

idea of the insect, the relative proportion of parts being very

defective.

Stylops Kirbii, is figured by Sowerby in the “ Zoological Mis-

cellany,” the typical specimen being in the Museum collection ;

this figure bears very little resemblance to the insect, the thorax

is badly drawn, and no one on examining the insect would imagine

the figure was intended to represent it.

Stylops aterrima, of Newport; figured in “ The Linnzean Trans-

actions,” of which I possess the typical specimen ; this is a very

poor figure, —in one respect, the worst that has appeared ; that

part which is represented in the figure as the abdomen, is in fact

the metathorax ; the scutellum is represented, but it has to answer

for metathorax as well as itself; the true abdomen, in the speci-

men, is crumbled up and lies beneath the metathorax, On a

eareful comparison of my recently captured specimen with the

typical one of S. aterrima, I believe them to be the same species.

Stylops Dalit ; this is figured by Mr. Curtis in his usual beautiful

and correct manner; making a little allowance for the shortness

of the abdomen from shrinking after death, I have seen no figure

to be compared with it; the details are also admirable. There are

two specimens of this species in the Museum, presented by J.C.

Dale, Esq.; | have therefore compared my insect with them, and

I have come to the conclusion that they are identical ; it will

therefore appear, that on a comparison of specimens, I have

arrived at the conclusion that probably they are all of one species ;

the figures indeed are widely different, but with the exception of

118 Mr. Smith on Discrimination of Species of Stylops.

that by Mr. Curtis,* they bear little resemblance to the insects ;

whether my insect is identical with that discovered by Mr. Kirby

there is no means of ascertaining ; probably it is, and it may here-

after be ascertained, that we have only one species in this country,

in which case I would hope it may retain the name of Stylops

Melitte.

In making the above observations I have had but one aim and

object in view, that of endeavouring to prove the necessity of

making correct delineations of every specimen of Stylops which

Entomologists may obtain, either whilst the insect is living, or

immediately after death. By these means my opinion of there

being only one species in this country will either be established

or refuted. In either case a great advantage will accrue; re-

presentations will be available whereby Entomologists will be

enabled to ascertain the name of such captures as they may

acquire, for I do not think it possible to do so from the best

descriptions of these remarkable creatures; and if the hints which

I have given of the necessity of making correct delineations of

the insect, and careful magnified outlines of parts, be followed

up, then I shall have the satisfaction of knowing that 1 have not

written these observations in vain.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XXIV.

A Stylops Spencii, Westw. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. Vol. I.; A 1, tarsus of ditto.

B Stylops aterrimus, Newport, Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XX.; B 1, natural size.

C Stylops Trimmerana (Mellitte?), Smith; C 1, tarsus of ditto; C 2, antenne

of ditto; C 3, head, viewed behind with a portion of the

thorax ; C 4, lateral thoracic appendage (pseudolitron ).

D Stylops Childreni, drawn by F. Smith from the type specimen in the British

Museum ; D 1, antennz of ditto; D 2, thorax and ab-

domen of ditto, from plate in Griffiths’ Cuvier’s Anim,

King. Vol. XV. Pl. 59; D 3, antenne of ditto, from

Griff. Anim. King.

E Head of Stylops Mellitte, Sowerby’s Brit. Miscel. Vol. I. Pl. 45; E 1, thorax

and abdomen of ditto.

F Head of Stylops Dailii, Curtis’s Brit. Entom. Fol, 226, Pl. 226; F 1, antenne

of ditto.

Transactions of the Entomological Society,”’ I cannot give any opinion upon,

not having seen the typical specimen ; but I think the two apical joints of the

antennz must be too small, and the abdomen much too short.

GioktIOd

XIV. Characters of undescribed Diptera in the Collection

of W. W. Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., &c. By Francis

Watker, Esq., F.L.S., &e.

[Read 2nd February, 1857.]

Havine been favoured by the kindness of Mr. Saunders with the

opportunity of describing the new species of Exotic Diptera in

his collection, I beg leave to offer the MSS. to the Entomological

Society: Each family is accompanied by a synopsis of some or of

all of the genera contained in it, excepting those which have been

lately registered in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd parts (2nd series) of the

British Museum Catalogue of Diptera.

BRACHYCERA.

Fam. 1. STRATIOMIDE.

In the British Museum Catalogue of Diptera, 2nd series, Part I.

about 379 species of this family are enumerated. The first and

third numbers of the Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean

Society contain descriptions of eleven additional species of three

new genera discovered in Malacca, Singapore and Borneo by Mr.

Wallace. Macquart, in the Fourth Supplement to his ‘ Diptéres

Exotiques,” describes about twenty-five new species and three new

genera (Heteracanthia, Toxocera and Campeprosopa), and lastly,

Loew, in the Verhand. Zool. Botan. Verein in Wien, v. (1855),

gives a synopsis of the genera, to which he adds the five follow-

ing :—

1. Plecticus. Type, Sargus testaceus, Fabr. Four new species,

of which Pl. apicalis is synonymous with Sargus luridus,

Walk. Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. 1, 8.

2. Merosargus.. Type, Sargus fasciatus, Fabr. Two-new spe-

cies.

8. Chrysonotus.. Type, Sargus bipunctatus, Scop.

4, Microchrysa. Type, Chrysomyia polita, Linn.

5. Analcocerus. Type, A. nigriceps, Loew. One new species.

The eleventh volume of the Linnzea Entomologica contains

“ Beitrag zur Kenntniss exotischer Stratiomyiden von Dr. A.

120 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

Gerstiicker.” He describes the following genera and spe-

cies :—

. Cyphomyia. Twenty-four species, eleven or twelve of which

are new.

Chordonota, N. G. Type, Cyphomyia inermis, Wied.

Euparyphus, N. G. Type, Cyphomyia elegans, Wied.

Stratiomys. Nine species, five of which are new, two Mexican,

two South American, and one South African.

Ptilocera. Three species, two of which are new, one from

Ceylon, and one from Port Natal.

Acanthina. Two species, both of which are new, one from

Brazil, and one from Ceylon.

Chauna. One species.

Blastocera, N. G. One Brazilian species. ‘

Spyridopa, N. G. One Brazilian species.

Panacris, N, G. One Cayenne species,

Genus Acantutna, Wied.

Acanthina porcata.

Mas.—Nigra, antennis lanceolatis ferrugineis apice nigris thorace

non longioribus, thorace strigis marginalibus argenteo-tomen-

tosis, scutello spinis ferrugineis, abdomine crasso contracto

brevi lato strigis marginalibus argenteo-tomentosis, genubus

halteribusque fulvis, alis vix cinerascentibus, stigmate maximo

venisque nigris, his basi ferrugineis.

Male.—Black ; antennze lanceolate, ferruginous with black tips,

not longer than the thorax ; thorax with marginal streaks of silvery

tomentum; scutellum with ferruginous spines; abdomen thick,

contracted, broader and much shorter than the thorax, with mar-

ginal streaks of silvery tomentum; knees and halteres tawny ;

wings very slightly greyish, with a large black stigma; veins

black, ferruginous at the base.

Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

Amazon Region,

Acanthina longicornis.

Feem.—Nigra, capite thoraceque cinereo-tomentosis, antennis

linearibus thorace vix brevioribus, thorace strigis obscuré

rufescentibus, abdomine dilatato strigis marginalibus radiatis

argenteo-tomentosis, tarsis testaceis apice nigris, alis cinereis

nebula costali nigricante, venis nigris, halteribus ferrugineis.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 121

Female.— Black; head and thorax with cinereous tomentum; an-

tenne filiform, nearly as long as the thorax; thorax with dull reddish

streaks ; abdomen not longer than broad, much broader than the

thorax, with radiating marginal streaks of silvery tomentum ; tarsi

testaceous, with black tips ; wings grey, with a blackish tinge by

the costa adjoining the discal areolet; veins black ; halteres ferru-

ginous.

Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

Amazon Region.

Genus Stratiomys, Geoff.

Straliomys inanimis.

Testacea aut viridis, antennis pallidé fulvis, thorace fascia vittis-

que duabus latis nigris, alis limpidissimis, venis pallidé tes-

tacels.

Testaceous (green when living); antenne pale tawny ; thorax

with two broad black stripes, and with a black band in front of

the scutellum ; wings quite limpid; veins pale testaceous.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 6 lines,

China.

Fam. 2. XYLOPHAGIDE.

Thirty-six species of this family have been described.

Genus XyYLoPHAGuS.

Xylophagus basipunctatus.

Niger, subtus fulvus, capite apud oculos argenteo, subtus albo-

piloso, antennis, thoracis lateribus, pectore, abdominis lateri-

bus subtus apiceque pedibusque fulvis, pectore abdomineque

argenteo-tomentosis albo-pilosis, abdomine fasciis tribus albis,

apicem versus nigro-piloso, tarsis nigris, tibiis anterioribus,

genubus posticis tarsisque posterioribus basi testaceis, alis

sublimpidis, fascia abbreviata apiceque cinereis, halteribus ful-

vis apice albidis.

Black, tawny beneath ; head with silvery tomentum about the

eyes and with white hairs beneath; antenne tawny; first and

second joints bristly, second very short, third lanceolate, shorter

than the first ; thorax tawny along each side; pectus tawny, with

silvery tomentum and white hairs ; abdomen tawny on each side,

beneath and at the tips, mostly covered with silvery white tomentum,

with white hairs towards the base, and with short black hairs to-

122 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

wards the tip, second, third and fourth segments with white hind

borders ; legs tawny ; anterior tibize and hind knees testaceous ;

tarsi black ; posterior tarsi testaceous at the base; wings nearly

limpid, grey towards the tips, and with an incomplete grey band

in front of the middle; veins black, testaceous at the base; hal-

teres tawny, with whitish tips.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Australia.

Fam, 3. TABANID.

Many new and yet undescribed species of this family have been

discovered since 830 species were recorded in the above-mentioned

Catalogue. Seven new species are described in the Linnean Society

Journal, and Macquart, in his fourth Supplement, describes thirty-

nine new species, and two new genera, Mesomyia and Pelecorhyn-

chus.

Genus Tazanus, Linn.

Labanus imponens.

Feem.—Cervinus, capitis callo ferrugineo longo gracili, thorace

cano-subtomentoso, tarsis nigris, tibiis posticis nigro vix

ciliatis, alis cinereis, halteribus apice albidis.

Female.—Fawn colour; head with a long slender uninterrupted

ferruginous callus; proboscis ferruginous; antennz broken ; thorax

and pectus with a slight hoary bloom ; abdomen unvaried ; tarsi

black ; hind tibize with a very narrow black fringe ; wings grey ;

veins ferruginous; halteres with whitish tips.

Length of the body 8S lines; of the wings 16 lines.

Para.

Tabanus unicinctus.

Foem.—Niger, antennis subarcuatis, articuli 3' dente valido

brevissimo, thoracis lateribus scutelloque obscuré ferrugineis,

abdominis fascia albida, tibiis albis apice nigris, alis cinereis,

venis nigris.

Female.—Black ; antenne slightly curved ; third joint with a

very short and stout tooth; sides of the thorax and scutellum

dark ferruginous; abdomen with a whitish band at two-thirds of

the length ; tibize white, with black tips ; wings grey ; veins black ;

fore branch of the cubital vein curved at its base, nearly straight

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 123

from thence to the tip; subanal vein joining the anal at some dis-

tance from the border.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 9 lines.

Para.

Tabanus bitinctus.

Feem.—Piceus, capitis callo longo angusto, antennis nigris ar-

cuatis, cornu distincto, abdomine ferrugineo, apice nigri-

cante, alis obscuré cinereis, venis nigris, halteribus apice

albidis.

Female.—Piceous ; head with a long, slender and uninterrupted

callus ; antennz black, curved, with a distinct horn at the base of

the third joint ; abdomen ferruginous, blackish at the tip; wings

dark grey ; veins black; fore branch of the cubital vein simple,

forming a distinct obtuse angle near its base, almost straight from

thence to its tip; subanal vein joining the anal at some distance

from the border ; halteres with whitish tips.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

Para.

Tabanus cingulifer.

Fcem.—Piceus, capitis callo nigro angusto antice subdilatato,

antennis nigris, articulo 3° subdilatato, thoracis lateribus,

scutello pectoreque cano-tomentosis, abdominis segmentis

cano-marginatis, pedibus nigris, tibiis albo laté cinctis, alis

cinereis, venis stigmateque nigris.

Female.—Piceous; head with a slender black shining callus,

which is slightly dilated in front; proboscis, palpi and antennz

black, the latter slightly dilated and angular at the base of the

third joint, but without a horn; sides of the thorax, scutellum

and pectus with a hoary tinge; abdomen with a hoary band on

the hind border of each segment ; legs black ; tibize white, black

at the base and towards the tips; wings grey; veins and stigma

black ; fore branch of the cubital vein nearly straight, subanal

vein joining the anal at some little distance from the border.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings § lines.

Amazon Region.

Tabanus mallophoroides.

Feem.—Niger, capite apud oculos albo, callis duobus parvis,

antennis cornu elongato arcuato, thorace guttis duabus latera-

libus albis, abdomine rufo, fasciis duabus basalibus flavis,

124 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

vitta dorsali nigricante, femoribus ciliatis, tibiis ciliatis, alis

purpureo-nigricantibus, striga discali lurida, apicibus sub-

cinereis, halteribus fulvis apice albis.

Female.—Black, stout, short ; head white on each side above

and along the eyes; two small shining calli; antenne with a

curved horn, which is nearly as long as the third and following

joints together ; thorax with a white dot on each side by the base

of the wing ; abdomen red, with two yellow basal bands, which

beneath are united but widely interrupted in the middle, a blackish

stripe in the middle above; tibiz ciliated ; femora slightly ciliated ;

wings blackish, with purple reflections; a lurid streak in each

disk ; tips hyaline, slightly greyish ; halteres tawny, with white tips.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

Allied to T. festivus, Wied.

Amazon Region.

Tabanus humillimus.

Feem.—Nigricans, eapite cervino subtus cano, callis duobus

(postico minimo) fuscis, antennis fulvis parvis simplicibus,

callis humeralibus pedibusque fulvis, pectore cano, abdominis

segmentis fulvo-marginatis, alis subcinereis, halteribus testa-

ceis.

Female.—Blackish ; head hoary beneath, fawn colour between

the eyes, with a very small brown callus on the vertex and another

in front ; eyes dark red, all the facets very small; mouth and an-

tenne tawny, the latter short, slender, simple; humeral calli and

legs tawny; pectus hoary; hind borders of the abdominal seg-

ments dull tawny; wings greyish; veins black, ferruginous to-

wards the base; fore branch of the cubital vein simple, nearly

straight ; subanal vein joining the anal at some little distance

from the border ; halteres testaceous.

Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

Celebes.

Genus Sitvius,

Silvius nilescens.

Mas.—Cinereus, subtus testaceus, antennis fulvis, thorace vittis

tribus canis, margine testaceo, abdomine fulvo, maculis tri-

gonis flavo-tomentosis, lituris lateralibus nigricantibus, pedibus

fulvis, tarsis piceis, alis subcinereis, halteribus fulvis apice

albidis.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 125

Male.—Grey, testaceous, and with testaceous hairs beneath ;

proboscis black, tawny at the base: antennze tawny ; thorax with

three hoary stripes, and with testaceous borders; disk of the

pectus hoary; abdomen above tawny; hind part with blackish

marks on each side, and with triangular spots of shining yellow

down ; legs tawny ; tarsi piceous; wings slightly greyish; veins

black, tawny in front and towards the base ; halteres tawny, with

whitish tips.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Australia,

Fam. 4. ACROCERIDZA.

With the following exception no accessions to this family have

apparently been published since the seventy-four species which

are noticed in the British Museum Catalogue.

The genus Panops was then hardly known in England. Both

sexes of P. Baudini are now in Mr. Saunders’s collection ; the ab-

domen of the male is almost entirely black, and its antenne are

about twice the length of those of the female.

Dr. Gerstacker, in his ‘ Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Henopier,”

Ent. Zeit. Stett. xvii. 339, has described the following new genera

and species of this family :—

Acrocera leta. Sardinia.

Eulonchus (N.G.) smaragdinus, California.

Oenaea lugubris. Bahia.

Philipota limosa.

Nigra, capite flavo, vitta interrupta nigra, thorace vittis quatuor,

scutello, pectore, segmentorum abdominalium marginibus pe-

dibusque pallidé flavis, scutello macula fusca, femoribus basi

nigris, tarsis nigricantibus, alis limpidis.

Black, head pale yellow, with an interrupted black stripe; thorax

with four pale yelllow stripes ; pectus mostly pale yellow ; scutel-

lum pale yellow, with a brown discal spot; abdomen with a pale

yellow band on the hind border of each segment; legs pale yel-

low ; femora black at the base ; fore femora black above for some

space from the base ; tarsi blackish ; wings limpid; veins black,

pale yellow at the base ; halteres pale yellow.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Valley of the Amazon.

126 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

Fam. 5. ASILIDZ.

Sub-fam. 1. Mypasires.

Fifty-nine species of this sub-family are referred to in the

Catalogue, and Macquart has published seven species of Mydas

and one of Cephalocera, in his fourth Supplement.

Mydas effracta.

Feem.—Nigra, capite anticé subtusque, antennis basi, thoracis

vittis duabus, scutello pedibusque fulvis, abdomine maculis

sex luteis, femoribus posticis basi flavis, alis luridis, striga

discali fuscescente, areolarum discis sublimpidis, venis halteri-

busque fulvis.

Female.—Black, thinly clothed with tawny hairs; head tawny

in front and beneath; antennz at the base and proboscis tawny ;

thorax on each side with a tawny stripe, which is dilated in front

about the callus; scutellum tawny; abdomen on each side with

three luteous spots, which are obliquely truncated hindward ; legs

tawny; hind femora yellow at the base; wings lurid, with a

brownish discal streak at nearly three-fourths of the length; most

of the areolets with nearly limpid discal streaks of various

breadth; veins and halteres tawny.

Length of the body 11 lines; of the wings 1 lines.

Anstralia.

Mydas signata.

Mas.—Atra, capite piceo albo-piloso, thorace maculis duabus

anticis vittisque duabus lateralibus interruptis testaceis, ab-

domine maculis lateralibus trigonis argenteis, pedibus ante-

rioribus piceis, alis albido-limpidis, venis nigris fusco-submar-

ginatis, halteribus ex parte albidis.

Male.—Deep black; head thinly clothed with whitish hairs,

above piceous, with hoary tomentum on each side; thorax with

two testaceous spots in front, and with an interrupted irregular

testaceous stripe on each side; abdomen with triangular silvery

hoary spots on each side; anterior legs piceous; wings whitish,

limpid ; veins black, slightly bordered with brown; halteres partly

whitish.

Length of the body 10 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

Australia,

This species differs much from the preceding one ; the antennz

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 127

are much shorter, and the first cubital areolet has a very much

shorter petiole, and rejects a short branch at its base.

Sub-fam. 2. DasypoconiTEs.

The Catalogue contains 411 species of this sub-family, in addi-

tion to which Macquart has published twenty-one species in his

fourth Supplement, and two new genera, Codula, and Senoxericera.

Genus Dasypocon.

Dasypogon equalis.

Ferrugineus, linearis, capite supra nigricante, facie subaurata,

mystace nigro supra pallido-subaurato, antennis nigris basi

ferrugineis, thoracis parte antica vittaque postica nigris, ab-

domine basi fasciisque nigris, maculis duabus anticis testaceis,

alis cinereis apud costam luridis, venis ferrugineis, halteribus

testaceis.

Ferruginous, linear ; head blackish between the eyes, slightly

gilded in front; mystax composed of short black bristles, above

which there are a few pale slightly gilded bristles; proboscis

black ; antennz black, nearly as long as the breadth of the head ;

first and second joints ferruginous; third lanceolate, much longer

than the first and the second together ; thorax black in front and

on the disk, and with a black hind stripe ; abdomen linear, almost

as broad as the thorax, black at the base, with a testaceous

spot on each side of the second segment, and with a black band

on each of the following segments; legs slender; wings grey,

lurid in front; veins ferruginous; halteres testaceous.

Length of the body 43 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

Port Natal.

Dasypogon SUAVIS. ©

Mas.—Ferrugineo-rufus, gracilis, capite posticé albo, facie sub-

aurata, mystace albo, antennis fulvis, articulo 3° sublineari

supra nigro, thorace vittis tribus canis, femoribus tibiis tarsis-

que posticis apice nigris, alis luridis, areolarum discis sub-

limpidis, venis nigris, halteribus testaceis.

Male.—Ferruginous-red, slender; head pale, gilded in front

with shining white tomentum behind; mystax with a few white

bristles ; proboscis piceous; antennee tawny; third joint nearly

linear, black above; thorax with three indistinct hoary stripes ;

legs rather slender ; tips of the hind femora, of the hind tibize, and

128 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

of the hind tarsi, black ; wings lurid ; disks of the areolets nearly

limpid ; veins black ; halteres testaceous.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

Australia.

Sub-fam, 3. LapuriteEs.

The Catalogue contains 217 species of this sub-family. Mac-

quart has published eight species in his fourth Supplement.

Laphria fortipes.

Nigra, robusta, capite pilis nigris densé vestito subtus albido-

hirto, antennarum articulo 3° subclavato, abdomine nitente

purpurascente subcupreo, segmentorum marginibus posticis

apiceque albo-pubescentibus, pedibus crassis pilosis, femoribus

posticis valdé incrassatis, tibiis posticis arcuatis, alis limpidis,

venis halteribusque fulvis, illis apice nigris.

Black, stout ; head thickly clothed with long black hairs, and

beneath with whitish hairs ; antennz nearly as long as the breadth

of the head; third joint subclavate, slightly pubescent, a little

longer than the first and second joints together ; abdomen shining,

with a purplish cupreous tinge, and with white down on the hind

border of each segment and at the tip; legs thick, pilose; hind

femora much incrassated; hind tibie curved; wings limpid;

veins tawny, black towards the tips, with the usual structure;

halteres tawny.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

Port Natal.

Genus Lampria, Mac.

Lampria cilipes.

Mas.—Nigra, capite postico cinereo, mystace fulvo, antennis

thorace paullo longioribus, articulo 3° longissimo depresso,

thorace vittis quatuor subauratis, scapulis fulvis, pectore

cinereo, abdomine fulvo, disco fusco, pedibus fulvis, tibiis

posticis extus nigris ciliatis, alis cinereis, apud costam nigri-

cantibus, striga basali lurida, halteribus fulvis.

Male.—Black ; head behind with cinereous tomentum ; mystax

with a few tawny bristles; antenne a little longer than the thorax ;

third joint linear, depressed, more than twice the length of the first

and the second together; thorax with four indistinct stripes of

slightly gilded tomentum; scapule tawny; pectus cinereous ;

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 129

abdomen tawny, disk above brown; legs tawny; hind femora

very thick ; hind tibiz black and cilated exteriorly ; wings dark

grey, blackish in front, with a lurid streak at the base; halteres

tawny.

Length of the body 34 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Amazon Region.

Sub-fam. 4. AsiLivTEs.

The Catalogue contains 654 species of this sub-family. Mac-

quart has published 44 species in his fourth Supplement,

Genus Truranea, Macq.

Trupanea venerabilis.

Mas.—Cinereo-cervina, capite albo-piloso, fronte argentea,

mystace pallidé testaceo, antennis nigris, thorace fasciis

nigris, abdomine nigro fasciis cinereis, pedibus ferrugineis,

coxis femoribusque nigris, alis subcinereis.

Male.—Cinereous-fawn colour ; head with white hairs be-

neath; front silvery white ; mystax composed of pale testaceous

bristles ; proboscis and antennz black; seta of the latter a little

longer than the third joint; thorax with black bands ; abdomen

black, shining, with a cinereous band on the hind border of each

segment ; legs ferruginous, with black hairs and spines; coxz and

femora black; wings slightly greyish ; veins black, ferruginous at

the base.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 9 lines.

Port Natal.

Trupanea leucopyga.

Mas.—Nigra, testaceo-pilosa, pectore cinereo, abdomine fasciis

tribus testaceis, apice albo, tibiis postiecis testaceis apice

nigris, alis subcinereis, venis nigris, halteribus testaceis.

Male.—Black ; head and fore part of the thorax with testaceous

hairs; hind part of the latter with tawny hairs; pectus cine-

reous ; abdomen with three testaceous bands on the forepart ; tip

with white hairs; hind tibiz testaceous, with black tips; wings

slightly cinereous; veins black ; halteres testaceous.

Length of the body 7—8 lines ; of the wings 12—14 lines,

China.

VOL, IV. N.S. PT. V.—JULY, 1857. K

130 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

Genus Asitus, Linn.

Asilus sericans.

Foem.—Cinereus, capite cano, fronte subaurata, mystace albido

supra nigro, antennis nigris, thorace vittis quatuor nigris,

pectore cano, abdomine nigro oblanceolato, basi lateribus-

que cinereis, apice compresso nitente, pedibus ferrugineis,

coxis femoribusque nigris, alis subluridis.

Female.—Cinereous ; head hoary; front very slightly gilded ;

mystax composed of some whitish shining bristles, above which

there are a few more slender black bristles; proboscis and

antenne black, seta of the latter longer than the third joint ;

thorax with four distinct black bands ; pectus hoary; abdomen

black, oblanceolate, cinereous at the base and along each side;

tips compressed, shining; legs ferruginous, with black spines and

hairs; coxz and femora black; wings slightly lurid; veins

black.

Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

Amazon region.

Asilus firmatus.

Fcem.—Cinereus, capite aurato subtus albido-hirto, mystace

nigro supra testaceo, antennis nigris, thorace vittis quatuor

nigris abbreviatis, abdomine maculis trigonis fuscescentibus,

apice nigro subcompresso, pedibus nigris, femoribus supra

tarsisque basi ferrugineis, tibiis fulvis, alis cinereis, areolis

posticis luridis cinereo-strigatis, venis nigris, halteribus fulvis.

Female.—Cinereous ; head with pale gilded tomentum, clothed

beneath with whitish hairs; mystax with black hairs towards the an-

tennz, and with pale testaceous bristles towards the proboscis ;

antenne black, arista not longer than the third joint ; thorax with

four short black stripes ; abdomen with a triangular brownish spot

on each segment, tip black, slightly compressed; legs black,

femora ferruginous above, tibie tawny, tarsi ferruginous at the

base; wings grey, lurid hindward, with a grey streak on the disk

of each areolet ; veins black; halteres tawny.

Length of the body 10 lines ; of the wings 14 lines.

Port Natal.

Asilus mendax.

Mas.—Ater, nigro-setosus, capite subtus cano-piloso, facie au-

rat4, mystace nigro, tibiis tarsisque subtus fulvo-pubescenti-

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 131

bus, alis nigricantibus fascia lata basali lactea, halteribus

fulvis.

Male.—Deep black, with black bristles; head with some hoary

hairs beneath; face with bright gilded tomentum, mystax with

many black bristles ; legs rather thickly clothed with black hairs

and bristles, tibiae and tarsi clothed beneath with bright tawny

down; wings blackish, with a broad milk-white band very near

the base; halteres tawny.

Length of the body 10 lines; of the wings 16 lines.

Celebes.

Asilus Shalumus.

Foem.— Niger, capite mystaceque auratis hdc setis paucis

nigris, antennis ferrugineis, thorace fuscescente, lateribus

pectoreque auratis, pedibus fulvis, robustis, nigro-setosis,

femoribus mediis nigro-spinosis, alis cinereis subluridis, venis

ferrugineis, halteribus testaceis.

Female.—Black ; head gilded; mystax with gilded bristles,

with which are some few more slender black bristles; antennz

ferruginous, arista black, almost as long as the preceding part;

thorax with brownish tomentum, sides and pectus gilded ; legs

tawny, stout, with black bristles, middle femora with black spines ;

wings grey, slightly lurid, veins ferruginous ; halteres testaceous.

Length of the body 12 lines; of the wings 20 lines.

China,

Genus Lerrocaster, Meigen.

Leptogaster cingulipes.

Nigra, capite cano, antennis basi testaceis, thorace fulvo nitente

vitta picea, pectore testaceo albido-tomentoso, femoribus et

@tibiis basi fasciaque tarsisque basi subtus testaceis, alis

limpidis apice cinereis, venis nigris, halteribus albidis apice

nigricantibus.

Black ; head with hoary tomentum ; antennze testaceous at the

base; thorax tawny, shining, with a piceous stripe; pectus testa-

ceous, with whitish tomentum ; femora and tibize testaceous at the

base and with a testaceous band, tarsi testaceous towards the base

beneath ; wings limpid, tips cinereous, veins black ; halteres

whitish, with blackish knobs.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 6 lines,

Valley of the Amazon.

132 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

Fam. 6. LEPTIDZ.

This family contains about seventy-six species and eleven ge-

nera, of which Lampromyia seems to be more nearly allied to the

Bombylide.

SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA.

Caput convexum.

Proboscis elongata, gracilis, sub corpus recumbens.

Palpi breves. Lampromyia, Macq.

Palpi longi. Dasypalpus, Macq.

Proboscis brevis, crassa.

Antennarum articulus 4°° longus.

Antennarum articulus 3" conicus aut rotundatus.

Palpi incumbentis.

Oculi nudi. Lepéis, Fabs.

Oculi villosi. Dasyomma, Macq.

Palpi elevati.

—- Abdomen cylindricum, longissimum. Vermileo, Macq.

—_-—- Abdomen conicum, mediocre.

++ Arista mediocris. Chrysopila, Macq.

++4++ Arista longissima. Syneches, Walk.

§ Antennarum articulus 3"5 transversus. Athorix, Meig.

{ Antennarum articulus 4"5 brevis.

§ Antennarum articulus 3"S brevis. Ptiolina, Steg.

;

—

4 + x AEP Ete teH #

x 4

Antennarum articulus 3°5 longus. Spania, Meig.

Caput planum. LE xeretoneura, Macq.

Fam. 7. BOMBYLID.

Sub-fam. 1. TuHeEreEvIrTEs.

Contains about 115 species and six genera.

SYNOPSIS.

* Proboscis gracilis, elongata. Xertomyza, Weid.

** Proboscis brevis, crassa.

+ Antennarum articulus 3"S nudus.

{ Antennarum arista vix distincta.

§ Corpus angustum.

x Proboscis non prominens. Thereva, Latr.

x x Proboscis prominens. Anabarhynchus, Macq.

§ § Corpus latum, pilosissimum. Eaapata, Macq.

am wee,

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 133

t+ Antennarum arista distincta, triarticulata. Ruppellia, Wied.

t+ Antennarum articulus 3" hirtus. Chyromyza, Wied.

Thereva arida.

Cinerea, subtus albida, capite callis duabus nigris subrotundis,

antennis apud apices nigricantibus, thorace vittis quinque

fuscescentibus interruptis, abdomine glaucescente, pedibus

fulvis, tarsorum articulis apice nigris, alis subcinereis, apud

costam luridis, venis halteribusque fulvis.

Cinereous, whitish beneath ; head with two nearly round black

shining calli; antennz blackish towards the tips; thorax with five

slender, much interrupted, brownish stripes; abdomen glaucous

hoary; legs tawny, joints of the tarsi with black tips, terminal

joints wholly black ; wings slightly greyish, lurid along the costa ;

veins and halteres tawny.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Australia.

Thereva scutellaris.

Mas.—Nigra, antennis linearibus basi fulvis, thorace vittis dua-

bus pectoreque cinereis, scutello ardenté rufo, abdominis

segmentis albo-marginatis, pedibus fulvis, alis limpidis, venis

halteribusque testaceis.

Male.-—Black ; antennz linear, tawny towards the base ; thorax

with two cinereous stripes; pectus cinereous; scutellum very

bright red; abdomen with a white band on the hinder border of

each segment; legs tawny; wings limpid, veins and halteres tes-

taceous.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 4 lines.

Valley of the Amazon.

Sub-fam. NEMESTRINITES.

Contains about thirty-seven species, and is here divided into

four genera, T’richophthalma being combined with Hirmoneura.

SYNOPSIS.

* Alze reticulate.

+ Caput thorace angustius; proboscis corpore longior. Me-

gistorhynchus, Macq.

+ + Caput thoracis latitudine; proboscis corpore non longior,

Nemestrina, Latr.

134 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

** Ale non reticulate.

+ Frons lata. Fallonia, Meig.

+ + Frons sat angusta; oculi hirti; proboscis brevis, aut vix

elongata. Hirmoneura, Wied.

The genera Trichopsidea and Colax connect this sub-family and

the following one with the stride.

Trichophthalma letilinea.

Mas et Feem.—Nigra, subtus cana, capite thoracisque vittis

quatuor canis, abdomine fasciis duabus testaceis, pedibus

fulvis, alis vix cinerascentibus, venis fulvis.

Mas.—Thoracis abdominisque lateribus cano-pilosis. Foem.—

Thoracis lateribus cano-pilosis, abdominis lateribus nigro-

pilosis.

Male and Female.—Black ; hoary and with hoary hairs beneath ;

head hoary ; thorax with four hoary stripes, and on each side with

testaceous hairs in the male, and with hoary hairs in the female ;

abdomen with two shining testaceous bands, sides with shining

testaceous hairs in the male, and with black hairs in the female ;

legs tawny ; wings very slightly greyish, veins tawny.

Length of the body 6—7 lines; of the wings 12—14 lines.

Australia.

Trichophthalma albibasis.

Fusca, subtus alba, capite albo, antennis nigris basi testaceis,

abdomine lurido vitta nigricante, basi lateribusque albo-

pilosis, fasciculis duobus lateralibus nigris, pedibus fulvis,

alis cinereis, apud costam fuscis, venis nigris.

Brown, with white tomentum and hairs beneath; head with

white tomentum; proboscis black; antennz black, testaceous at

the base; thorax with brownish hairs; abdomen lurid, with a

blackish stripe, thickly clothed with white hairs at the base, sides

with white hairs, which are interrupted by two small tufts of

black hairs ; legs tawny ; wings grey, brown along most of the

length and half the breadth, veins black.

Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 14 lines.

Australia,

Trichophthalma primitiva.

Cana, lata, crassa, albido-pilosa, abdomine fasciato, pedibus

piceis, alis subcinereis, venis nigris.

* oe

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 135

Hoary, thick and broad, with whitish hairs which form bands

on the abdomen; legs piceous; wings slightly greyish, veins

black.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

Australia.

Trichophthalma bivitta.

Nigricante fusca, albo-pilosa, subtus alba, capite albo, antennis

nigris basi albis, thoracis lateribus testaceo-pilosis, abdomine

vittis duabus latis pallidé luteis, pedibus fulvis, alis cinereis

apud costam fuscis, venis nigris, halteribus testaceis.

Blackish brown, narrow, with white hairs, underside with white

tomentum ; head white; proboscis and antenne black, the latter

white at the base ; thorax with testaceous hairs along each side ;

abdomen with a broad pale testaceous stripe on each side ;

legs tawny ; wings grey, brown along the costa, veins black ;

halteres testaceous.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

Australia.

Sub-fam. 3. ANTHRACITEs.

This family contains about 600 named species, and many more

have been discovered, but are not yet described.

SYNOPSIS.

Antenne remote; frons lata.

Proboscis crassa, brevis, nonnunquam longa.

Os clausum ; ocelli nulli; proboscis nulla; antennarum arti-

culus 3" subglobosus. Colax, Weid.

~ Os apertum ; proboscis distincta.

§ Alze venis externo mediis quatuor.

x Facies convexa; antennarum articulus 3"° elongatus, subu-

latus.

—- Antennarum articulus 3° rectus; pedes elongati. Lxopro-

sopa, Macq.

—-—- Antennarum articulus 3"° divergens; pedes breves. Tomo-

myza, Weid.

x x Facies plana, mystacina; antennarum articulus 3" brevis.

Spogostylum, Macq.

§§ Alse venis externo mediis tribus. Anthrax.

+ + Proboscis gracilis, elongata.

{ Alarum areola 1? postica clausa. Callostoma, Serv.

{{ Alarum areola 1* postica aperta.

ee |

136

—r

neon *

on™

es Be. <

KX mtt+ xX XomX K Mmttti—e em X

Mr, F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

Antennarum articulus 3"5 elongatus.

Antennarum articulus 3"° subuliformis.

Corpus non pilosum, Mulio, Latr.

Corpus pilosum. Sericosoma, Macq.

Antennarum articulus 3" spatulatus. Enica, Macq.

Antennarum articulus 3% brevis. Litorhynchus, Macq.

Antenne approximate; frons maris angusta.

Proboscis brevis aut vix elongata.

Alz areolis tribus submarginalibus. Neuria, Newm.

Ale areolis duabus submarginalibus.

Antennarum articulus 3°° subulatus.

Facies plana; antennze consueté insertee. Anisotamia, Macq.

Frons convexa ; antennz inferius insertze. Plesiocera, Macq.

Antennarum articulus 3° conicus aut rotundatus.

Antennarum articnlus 3" conicus. Lomatia, Curt.

Antennarum articulus 3"8 rotundatus. Ogcodera, Macq.

Proboscis gracilis, elongata.

Caput thorace angustius.

Antennarum arista brevis ; alze areolis quatuor posterioribus.

Antennarum articulus 1"* vix elongatus, 3° pyriformis ; alze

areolis tribus submarginalibus. Adelidea, Macq.

Antennarum articulus 1%8 elongatus, 3% compressus, ple-

rumque subulatus; alee areolis duabus submarginalibus,

Antenne non pilose. Bombylius, Linn.

Antenne pilosez. Acreotrichus, Macq.

Antennarum articulus 1"° brevissimus; 3%° fusiformis, elon-

gatus, obtusus; arista distincta nulla; ale areolis tribus

posterioribus. Usa, Latr.

Caput thoracis latitudine.

Ale areolis quatuor posterioribus.

Ale areolis tribus submarginalibus.

- Antennarum articulus 1"8 crassus; 3"° pyriformis. Ploas,

Latr.

- Antennarum articulus 1"8 sat gracilis; 3" conicus, Cyl-

lenia, Latr.

Ale areolis duabus submarginalibus.

Antenne capite longiores.

Alee areola una marginali. Corsomyza, Wied.

Ale areolis duabus marginalibus. Eniconeura, Macq.

Antenne capite breviores.

Palpi elongati.

Palpi articulis duobus ultimis equalibus. Apatomyza, Weid. ;

Tabuda, Walk. ; Choristus, Walk.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 137

eo Palporum articulus ultimus tantum elongatus.

O Palpi nudi, antennarum articulus 3"° tumidus. Megapalpus,

Macq.

OO Palpi pilosi, antennarum articulus 3° fusiformis. Dasypal-

pus, Macq.

4#+++ Palpi breves.

eo Antennarum articulus 1"8 elongatus.

O Antenne arista distincta nulla. Amictus, Wied.

OO Antenne arista brevi. Thlipsomyza, Weid.

coo» Antennarum articulus 1% brevis.

O Proboscis arcuata; antennarum articulus 3“ convexus. Cy-

clorhynchus, Macq.

OO Proboscis recta, antennarum articulus 3" fusiformis. Phthi-

ria, Meig.; Parisus, Walk.

§§ Alze areolis tribus posterioribus.

x Abdomen elongatum; pedes postici elongati, coxis incras-

satis. Systropus, Wied.

x x Abdomen ovatum.

—+ Proboscis arcuata; antennze capite longiores, articulus 1"8

3° longior. T'oxophora, Weid.

—+—+ Proboscis recta.

++ Antenne capitis vix longitudine, articulus 1"%. 3° brevior.

Geron, Meig.

++++ Antenne capite longiores. Heterostylum, Macq.

++++++ Antenne capite multo longiores. Lepidophora, Westw.

Of these genera Exoprosopa (Macq.) or Trinaria (Mulsant),

Litorhynchus (Macq.), and Neuria (Newm.) or Comptosia (Macq.),

were originally combined with Anthrax, with which genus they

are connected by so many gradations that I have for a while re-

united them with it. Ligyra (Newm.) is also included in that

genus.

The genus Cyrtosia (Perris), which is characterized by the wing

having no discal areolet, may also be included in this family.

Genus ANTHRAX.

The species being very numerous are here noticed with refer-

ence to their geographical distribution. About four hundred

have been described.

EUROPE.

About seventy species have been recorded, but the number may

probably be somewhat reduced. They may be divided into four

138 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

groups; a few of them appear also in North Africa and West

Asia, one in North America, and one in Hindostan. The group

Exoprosopa, which comprises most of the species of Anthrax in

warm regions, appears along the south-east and south borders of

Europe.

NORTH AMERICA

Contains about forty described species, which form seven

groups.

MEXICO.

Some of the North American species extend to Mexico, besides

which it is inhabited by nine species and five groups.

WEST INDIES.

Five groups and fourteen species, two of which also inhabit

Brazil, and one is said to have been found in New Guinea.

SOUTH AMERICA.

Ten groups and fifty-five species.

Group 3. Dirr. Saunp. 166.

Anthrax convexa.

Picea, capite argenteo, antennis pedibusque nigris, thorace

fulvo-piloso, scutelli margine ferrugineo, abdomine fasciis

duabus albidis, fasciculis duobus basalibus, apice argentea,

femoribus fulvis, alis cinerascentibus, basi costaque fuscis.

Piceous; head silvery ; proboscis and antenne black ; thorax

with tawny hairs in front and along each side; scutellum with a

ferruginous border ; abdomen with slight whitish bands, one near

the base more distinct than the others, a tuft of white hairs on

each side at the base, tip silvery; legs black, femora mostly

tawny ; wings greyish, brown at the base and along three

quarters of the costa.

Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 10 lines.

Valley of the Amazon.

Anthrax dorsalis.

Testacea, thoracis disco nigro, scutello fulvo, abdomine fasciis

tribus contiguis nigris, alis dimidio basali fusco testaceo-notato

incisuris quatuor.

Testaceous; disk of the thorax black; scutellum tawny ;

abdomen with three short contiguous black bands; wings brown,

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 139

with some testaceous marks on more than half the surface from

the base, the brown part extending for three quarters of the

length of the costa to near the tip of the interior border, its out-

line with four indentations.

Length of the body 333 lines; of the wings 7—8 lines,

Valley of Amazon.

Group 6. Dirt. Saunp. 166.

Anthrax decemmacula.

Nigricans, testaceo-hirta, capite postico sordidé albido, ab-

dominis lateribus obscuré fulvis, pedibus fulvis, alis sub-

cinereis fusco-decemmaculatis, basi costaque subfuscis.

Blackish ; head dingy, whitish behind; thorax and abdomen

with short pale testaceous hairs and with rather longer hairs on

each side ; abdomen dull, tawny on each side; legs tawny ; wings

slightly greyish, brownish at the base and along most of the length

of the costa, and with ten darker brown dots, which are on the

transverse veins or on the curves and angles of the other veins.

Length of the body 2—33 lines ; of the wings, 5—8 lines,

Valley of the Amazon.

Anthrax conclusa.

Mas.—Nigricans, fulvo-pubescens, abdominis lateribus basi

fulvis, apice argenteo, pedibus fulvis, tarsis nigris, alis

limpidis, basi perobliqué fuscis.

Male.—Blackish, with dull tawny pubescence; proboscis and

antenne black, the former a little longer than the head; sides of

the abdomen tawny towards the base, tip with silvery pubescence ;

legs tawny, tarsi black; wings limped, brown towards the base,

outline of the brown part very oblique, extending from full three

quarters of the length of the costa to the middle of the interior

border, and is contiguous to three black spots; veins black ; hal-

teres testaceous.

Length of the body 43 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Valley of the Amazon.

Like Group 5, Dip. Saunp. 166, but with the hind legs

ciliated.

Anthrax lurida.

Nigricante picea, ex parte ferruginea, nigro-hirta, pedibus an-

terioribus fulvis, posticis nigro dense ciliatis, alis luridis.

140 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

Blackish piceous, partly ferruginous, with black hairs ; anterior

legs tawny ; hind legs thickly and deeply fringed with black hairs ;

wings lurid ; veins of the same colour.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 14 lines.

Valley of the Amazon.

Group 10. Diet. Saunp. 167.

Anthrax lineata.

Nigra, thoracis lateribus testaceo-pilosis, abdomine fasciis qua-

tuor pallide auratis, apice albo, alis limpidis, basi strigaque

subcostali fuscis.

Black ; thorax with testaceous hairs along each side ; abdomen

with four pale gilded bands, first band near the base, second be-

yond the middle, hardly interrupted ; third and fourth slight, sub-

apical, tip with white hairs; wings limpid, brown at the base, and

with a brown subcostal streak.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Valley of the Amazon, |

Anthrax solita.

Nigra, capite argenteo, thoracis lateribus fulvo-pubescentibus,

abdominis segmentis tomento fulvo marginatis, alis limpidis,

basi costaque interiore fuscis, venis nigris, halteribus tes-

taceis.

Black; head silvery; thorax with tawny pubescence on the

borders, and on the margin of the scutellum; hind borders of the

abdominal segments with tawny tomentum; wings limpid, brown

at the base and along a short space of the costa; veins black ;

halteres testaceous.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

Valley of the Amazon.

Group 14. Diet. Saunp. 168.

Anthrax inexacta.

Nigra, angusta, pedibus gracilibus, alis longiusculis sat an-

gustis, bistriente basali oblique nigro-fusca, extus subcinera-

scentibus.

Black, narrow ; legs slender ; wings rather long and narrow,

blackish brown on nearly two-thirds of the surface, the outline

of the brown part extending from seven-eighths of the length of

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 141

the costa to the end of the interior border; exterior part slightly

greyish.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

Valley of the Amazon.

Anthrax angustipennis ?

Nigra, abdomine fasciculis duobus basalibus albis, apice argentea,

alis vitreis longis angustis, vitta costali nigra attenuatd, inci-

suris quatuor.

Anthrax angustipennis ? Macq. Dipt. Exot. 11. p. 64, 26, Pl. 21,

fig. 9.

Black, narrow ; abdomen with a white tuft on each side at the

base ; apical third part silvery white ; wings vitreous, long and

narrow, black along the costa, the black part successively de-

creasing in breadth from the base, with four indentations on its

_ hind side.

Length of the body 3—33 lines ; of the wings 8—9 lines.

Valley of the Amazon.

GALAPAGOS.

One species.

CANARY ISLES.

Three species and two groups.

AFRICA,

Seven groups and seventy species.

Group 3. Diet. Saunp. 166.

Anthrax commiles.

Nigra, thoracis lateribus fulvo-pilosis, scutello ferrugineo, ab-

dominis lateribus basi ferrugineo-pilosis apice nigro-pilosis,

maculis quatuor lateralibus, ventre basi fulvo, alis sublim-

pidis, basi costaque fuscis.

Black ; thorax with tawny hairs on each side; scutellum fer-

ruginous, except at the base; abdomen with ferruginous hairs on

each side at the base, and with black hairs towards the tip, two

white lateral spots at about half the length, and two sub-apical,

underside tawny towards the base; wings nearly limpid, dark

brown on the whole breadth towards the base, and for more than

three-fourths of the length along the costa; the outline of the

brown part clearly defined and almost straight.

Length of the body 43 lines; of the wings 11 lines.

Port Natal.

142 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

Anthrax argentilatus.

Nigra, thoracis marginibus fulvo-pilosis, abdomine fulvo, lateri-

bus argenteo-tomentosis, alis basi costaque fuscis.

Black ; thorax with tawny hairs in front and along each side ;

abdomen tawny, with silvery tomentum along each side, except at

the base and towards the tip ; wings wholly brown for near one-

fourth of the length from the base, and brown along the costa for

three-fourths of the length; the outline of the brown part very

oblique and slightly concave.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Port Natal.

MADAGASCAR.

Two groups and three species.

ISLE OF FRANCE.

One group and two species.

DESERTS OF TARTARY, AND SOUTHERN COASTS OF THE CASPIAN SEA.

One group and five species.

PERSIA.

One group and two species.

ARABIA AND MESOPOTAMIA.

(Exclusive of several species inhabiting the borders of the Red

Sea, and described in Klug’s “ Symbol Physicz.”)

Three groups and six species.

SOUTH ASIA.

Seven groups and forty-three species.

The largest species of this region much resemble those of South

America, but those of Australia, as is usual in other genera, are

very different in structure.

Group 7. Dirt. Saunp. 165.

Anthrax latifascia.

Nigra, thoracis margine antico lateribusque fulvo-pilosis, abdo-

mine fascia lata subauraté, apice argenteo, alis subcinereis,

basi costaque fuscis.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 143

Black ; thorax with tawny hairs in front and along each side;

abdomen with a broad pale gilded band; tip silvery; wings

slightly greyish, wholly brown at the base, and brown along the

costa for five-sixths of the length; the outline of the brown

nearly straight, but rather undefined.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

China.

Anthraz combinata.

Nigra, capite subaurato, thoracis marginibus fulvo-pilosis, scu-

tello piceo, abdominis lateribus nigro-pilosis, fasciculis duobus

basalibus testaceis, fascia albidd subaurata media, apice ar-

genteo, alis subcinereis, triente basali costaque fuscis.

Black ; head with pale and slightly gilded tomentum in front

and beneath; thorax with tawny hairs in front and along each

side; scutellum piceous ; abdomen with black hairs along each

side, with a tuft of testaceous hairs on each side at the base, and

with a whitish slightly gilded band across the middle ; tip silvery ;

wings slightly greyish, brown for one-third of the length from the

base, and for five-sixths of the length along the costa; outline of

the brown part nearly straight, but somewhat undefined.

Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 12 lines.

China.

AUSTRALIA.

Eleven groups and about fifty species.

Group 3. Diet. Saunp. 166.

Anthrax albirufa.

Nigra, thoracis lateribus pectoreque pilis rufescentibus, pectore

fascia interrupta alba, abdomine pilis basalibus, fascia in-

terrupta apice ventre que albis, lateribus nigro-pilosis, alis

subcinereis apud costam nigro-fuscis.

Black; thorax with reddish hairs on each side and in front ;

pectus with reddish hairs, which are interrupted by a white band ;

abdomen with white hairs at the base, with an interrupted white

band hindward, and with a white tip ; sides with black hairs; un-

derside with a white disk ; wings slightly greyish, blackish brown

along the costa for half the breadth and three-fourths of the length ;

hind border of the brown part dilated at the base and in the middle.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 12 lines,

Australia.

144 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

Group 8. Diet. Saunp. 167. Neurta, Newm.

Anthrax subsener.

Nigra, sat angusta, subtus cana, capitis lateribus subtus fulvo-

tomentosis, abdominis lateribus basi cano-pilosis, pedibus

fulvis, tibiis posticis tarsisque nigris, alis cinereis longis

angustis, basi costaque fuscis, venis nigris, halteribus testaceis

apice fuscescentibus.

Black, rather narrow, hoary beneath; head with tawny to-

mentum on each side beneath; abdomen thickly clothed with

hoary hairs on each side at the base; legs tawny; tarsi and

hind tibize black; wings grey, long, narrow, brown at the base

and along three quarters of the length of the costa; veins black ;

halteres testaceous, with brownish tips.

Length of the body 7 lines ; of the wings 14 lines.

Australia.

Group 10. Dipr. Saunp. 167.

Anthrax sobricula.

Nigra, sat angusta, fulvo-pilosa, capite subtus pectoreque

albido-pubescentibus, alis subcinereis, basi costaque fuscis.

Black, rather narrow, clothed above with tawny hairs, which

have whitish reflections ; head on each side beneath and pectus

with whitish down; head small, much narrower than the thorax ;

wings greyish, brown at the base and along the costa for two-

thirds of the length.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

Australia.

COUNTRY UNKNOWN.

Eight groups and thirty species.

Genus Lomatra, Curtis.

Lomatia fasciolaris.

Nigra, capite corporisque lateribus fulvo-pilosis, alis albidis,

fasciis duabus incompletis fuscis, marginibus subcinereis,

costa fusca ex parte ferrugined, halteribus testaceis.

Black; head and sides of the body clothed with pale tawny

hairs; wings whitish, greyish about the borders, brown and

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 145

partly ferruginous along the costa, and with two brown incom-

plete bands, the exterior one much broader than the other;

halteres testaceous.

Length of the body 43 lines ; of the wings 12 lines.

Port Natal.

In Mr. Saunders’s collection.

Genus Bompytivs, Linn.

Bombylius areolatus.

Fuscus, subtus fulvus, capite apud antennas ferrugineo subtus

cano, antennis nigris, thorace vittis duabus albis, scutello fer-

rugineo, abdomine vittis tribus argenteis, lateribus nigro-

pilosis, pedibus halteribusque fulvis, alis subcinereis, basi

costaque fuscis.

Brown, and clothed with brown hairs, tawny beneath; head

ferruginous about the base of the antenna, hoary beneath:

proboscis and antenne black ; thorax with a stripe of white hairs

on each side; scutellum ferruginous ; abdomen with three stripes

of silvery white down, and with long lateral and apical black

hairs; legs and halteres tawny; wings greyish, brown at the base

and along the costa till near the tips; the outline of the brown

rather irregular ; veins black.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 9 lines.

Australia.

Genus LerivopyHora, Westw.

Lepidophora vetusta.

Mas.—Nigra, capite thoraceque cinereo-tomentosis nigro-se-

tosis, scutello thoracisque lateribus ferrugineis, abdominis

apice densé plumoso, femoribus ex parte ferrugineis, alis ni-

gris, apice margineque postico limpidis, halteribus apice albis.

Male—Black ; head and thorax with cinereous tomentum, and

with short black bristles; scutellum and borders of the thorax

ferruginous ; tip of the abdomen thickly plumed; femora partly

ferruginous ; wings black, limpid at the tips and along the hind

border ; halteres with white tips.

Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

Valley of the Amazon.

Lepidophora secutor.

Mas.—Nigra, pectore cinereo-tomentoso, abdominis apice plu-

moso, alis nigricantibus apice cinereis.

VOL, IV. N.S. PT. V.—JULY, 1857. L

-146 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

Male.—Black ; pectus with dark cinereous tomentum ; abdomen

with black apical plumes; wings blackish, grey and hyaline

towards the tips.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Valley of the Amazon.

Genus Puruiria, Meig.

Phthiria lurida.

Nigro-fusca, capite antico fulvo, thorace fulvo-hirto, scutello

fulvo, abdomine fasciis tribus anterioribus latis interruptis

fulvis, alis subcinereis, basi costaque luridis, halteribus apice

albis.

Blackish brown ; head tawny in front ; proboscis and antennz

black, the former hardly longer than the thorax; thorax with

short tawny hairs; scutellum tawny; abdomen with three broad

anterior interrupted tawny bands; hairs short, black ; legs black ;

wings greyish, with a lurid tinge at the base, and along most of

the length of the costa; halteres with white knobs.

Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

Para.

Phithiria lineifera.

Nigra, subtus cano-hirta, capite, thorace, scutello segmentisque

abdominalibus testaceo-marginatis, pedibus fulvis, alis cinereis,

costa fuscescente, venis nigris, halteribus testaceis.

Black, with hoary hairs beneath; head with a testaceous line

about the eyes; thorax and scutellum with a testaceous border ;

hind borders of the abdominal segments testaceous ; legs tawny ;

wings grey, brownish along the costa for three-quarters of the

length; veins black ; halteres testaceous.

Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 4 lines.

Australia.

Genus Geron, Meig.

Geron albidum.

Nigrum, albido-pilosum, pedibus albido-tomentosis, alis lim-

pidis, venis halteribusque albis.

Black, rather thickly clothed with whitish hairs; legs with

whitish tomentum ; wings limpid ; veins and halteres white.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

Valley of the Amazon.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 147

Geron ? tenue.

Mas.—Nigrum, gracile, proboscide arcuato, antennarum articulo

3° lanceolato, pedibus fulvis, tarsis nigris, alis subcinereis,

venis nigris, halteribus fulvis.

Male.—Black, slender; proboscis curved, more than half the

length of the body; third joint of the antenne lanceolate; legs

tawny, rather long and slender; tarsi black; wings greyish;

veins black ; halteres tawny.

Length of the body 24 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

Country unknown.

Fam. 8. SCENOPINIDE.

Two or three European and one African species are all that are

yet known of the Scenopinide.

Fam. 9. EMPID.

This family is, as yet, not much known beyond Europe, where

the species are about 400 in number, while in the rest of the

world hardly more than thirty have been recorded. The genera

are all European, with the exception of the Eriogaster, Macq,,

Aplomera, Macq., and Niconia, Walk. The type of the latter is

Empis penthophora, Wied.

Genus Emrts, Linn.

Empis reciproca.

Fem.—Cana, puboscide fulvo apice nigro, antennis nigris,

thorace vittis tribus cinereis, abdominis apice sub-compresso

sub-attenuato, pedibus fulvis pilosis, alis cinereis.

Female.—Hoary ; proboscis tawny, black at the tip; antennz

black ; thorax with three dark cinereous stripes; abdomen slightly

attenuated and compressed towards the tip; legs tawny, pilose ;

wings grey, veins black, testaceous at the base; halteres testa-

ceous.

Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 4 lines.

United States.

Tie

148 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera —

Genus Hirara, Meig.

Hilara plebeia.

Fem.—Nigra, pedibus anticis ferrugineis, alis limpidis, venis

stigmateque nigris, halteribus fulvis.

Female.—Black ; four legs ferruginous; wings limped, veins

and stigma black; halteres tawny. °

Length of the body 1} line; of the wings 3 lines.

United States.

Genus RuampnomytiA, Hoffmansegg.

Rhamphomyia expulsa.

Mas.—Nigra, alis cinereis, venis nigris.

Male.—Black ; hind legs a little longer and stouter than the

others; wings grey, veins black.

Length of body 13 line; of the wings 3 lines.

United States.

Rhamphomyia tristis.

Feem.—Nigra, thorace cinereo vittis duabus nigris, alis lim-

pidis, venis nigris, halteribus albis.

Female.—Black ; thorax with cinereous tomentum, which is

interrupted by two black stripes; wings limpid, veins black;

halteres white.

Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 4 lines.

United States.

Genus Pratypatrus, Macq.

Platypalpus vicarius.

Feem.—Niger, nitens, pedibus testaceis gracilibus subzequalibus,

alis limpidis, venis testaceis.

Female.—Black, shining ; legs testaceous, slender, nearly equal

in size ; wings limpid, veins testaceous, externo-medial veins very

slightly curved.

Length of the body 1 line; of the wings 3 lines.

United States.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 149

Genus Tacuypromra, Fabr.

Tachydromia postica.

Nigra, antennis, abdomine basi subtus pedibusque testaceis,

femoribus tibiisque posticis piceis, alis cinereis, venis nigris,

halteribus albidis.

Black ; antennez, abdomen at the base beneath and legs testa-

ceous ; hind femora and hind tibiz oe wings cinereous,

veins black ; halteres whitish.

Length of the body 13 lines; of the wings 3 lines,

United States.

Tachydromia vittipennis.

Nigra, antennis pedibusque testaceis, alis cinereis apud mar-

gines obscurioribus, halteribus albidis.

Black ; antennz and legs testaceous; wings grey, darker along

the borders of the veins ; halteres whitish.

Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 4 lines.

United States.

Fam. 10. DOLICHOPID,

The European species of this family are from 150 to 200 in

number, and the exotic species, which contain no genera different

from those of Europe, may amount to 100 or 150.

Genus Psizopus, Megerle.

Psilopus ungulivena.

Mas.—Lzte viridis, antennis nigris thorace longioribus, thorace

subcyanescente, abdomine subaurato, pedibus testaceis, alis

subcinereis, venis nigris.

Male.—Bright green; antenne black, much longer than the

thorax ; thorax slightly bluish; abdomen somewhat gilded ; legs

testaceous, long, slender ; wings greyish, veins black, fore-branch

of the preebrachial veins very much bent, nearly rectangular ;

discal transverse vein very deeply undulating.

Length of the body 43 lines ; of the wings 7 lines,

United States.

150 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

Genus Doticnorus, Latr.

Of this genus Mr. Saunders’s collection contains a few appa-

rently undescribed North American species, but it is difficult to

ascertain their characters on account of the manner in which they

are set.

Fam. 11. LONCHOPTERIDA,

Fam. 12. PLATYPEZID,

The European species of these families may amount to about

thirty, No exotic species have yet been discovered.

Fam. 18. PLIPUNCULIDA.

About twenty European species. One from North America

has been described, and another occurs in Australia.

Genus Pipuncutus, Latr.

Pipunculus transiatus.

Mas.—Niger, nitens, capite antico argenteo, genubus tarsisque,

alis limpidis, venis nigris.

Male. Black, shining; head silvery in front; knees and tarsi

tawny; wings limpid, veins black.

Length of the body 1} line; of the wings 2 lines,

United States.

Fam. 14. SYRPHID.

The species of Syrphide@ may be about 1000 in number, and as

a synopsis of all the genera would be unsuitable here, a list of

those which do not occur in Europe is subjoined :—

NORTH AMERICA.

Chymophila, Serville; Ceratophya, Wied.; Sphecomyia, Latr. ;

Miztemyra, Macq,; Plagiocera, Macq. ; Imatisma, Macq.; Ocy-

plamus, Macq. ; Somula, Macq. ; Polydonta, Macq.

SOUTH AMERICA.

Mixogaster, Macq.; Dolichogyna, Macq. ; Senogaster, Macq. ;

Copestylum, Macq.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 151

AFRICA.

Platynochetus, Wied. (also occurs in Sicily); Senaspis, Macq.

ASIA.

Megaspis, Macq. ; Priomerus, Serv.; Asarkina, Serville; Grap-

tomyza, Wied.; Dolichoremus, Macq. (Type, £ristalis crassus,

Fabr.)

AUSTRALIA.

Orthoprosopa, Macq.; Cotiloprosopa, Macq.; Hemilampa, Macq.

NEW ZEALAND.

Plesia, Macq.

Genus Creratopuya, Wied.

The two following species differ much in colour and size from

the two described by Wiedemann.

Ceratophya luridescens.

Feem.—Piceo, thorace pectoreque aurato-fasciatis, abdomine

maculis duabus lateralibus basalibus fulvis, tarsis subtus

fulvis subauratis, alis luridis cinereo-marginatis, halteribus

testacels.

Female.—Piceous ; head with whitish tomentum on each side in

front ; third joint of the antenne nearly twice the length of the

first; thorax and pectus with a slender gilded band; abdomen

with an elongated tawny spot on each side at the base; tarsi

tawny and slightly gilded beneath; wings lurid, grey along the

hind border and at the tips; halteres testaceous.

Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 11 lines.

Valley of the Amazon,

Ceratophya bicolor.

Mas. Picea, abdomine, femoribus tibiisque posticis ferrugineo-

rufis, alis nigricantibus cinereo-marginatis.

Male.—Piceous, like the preceding species in structure; head

with testaceous tomentum on each side in front; abdomen, hind

femora and hind tibize ferruginous red; wings blackish, dark

grey at the tips and along the hind border.

Length of the body 53 lines; of the wings 11 lines.

Para.

152 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

Genus Ceria, Fabr.

Ceria divisa.

Nigra, segmentorum abdominalium marginibus posticis flavis,

pedibus ferrugineis, femoribus nigricantibus, alis cinereis

apud costam nigricante-trimaculatis.

Black; hind borders of the abdominal segments yellow; legs

ferruginous, hind femora blackish ; wings grey, with three blackish

costal spots, the third apical and larger than the others,

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Port Natal,

Genus Micropon, Meig.

Microdon testaceus.

Ferrugineus, capite supra nigricante-czruleo, tibiis albidis,

supra apice tarsisque nigris, alis subcinereis.

Ferruginous, clothed with short hairs; head above blackish

blue; scutellum bidentate; tibize whitish, black above towards

the tips, tarsi black ; wings greyish, veins black, ferruginous to-

wards the base.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Port Natal.

Genus Hetopuitus, Meig.

Helophilus strenuus.

Mas.—Niger, thorace vittis quatuor testaceis, scutello luteo,

pectore cinereo, abdomine luteo fasciis vittaque interrupta

cyaneo-nigris, femoribus posterioribus incrassatis, alis sub-

cinereis.

Male.—Black; head with white tomentum in front; thorax

with four testaceous stripes ; scutellum luteous ; pectus cinereous ;

abdomen luteous, with a bluish black interrupted stripe, and a

bluish black band on the hind border of each segment ; posterior

femora very thick, with cinereous hairs; wings greyish, veins

black, ferruginous at the base.

Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 14 lines.

Helophilus scitus.

Fam.—Niger, capite ferrugineo, peristomatis lateribus albis

nigro-notatis, thorace vittis fasciisque tribus luteis, scutello

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 153

fulvo, pectore aurato, abdomine maculis duabus basalibus

lateralibus trigonis luteis, pedibus fulvis, femoribus flavis,

anticis nigro-notatis, alis subcinereis, apud costam fuscis,

halteribus flavis.

Female.—Black ; head ferruginous, with pale gilded tomentum

about the eyes, white with a black shining mark on each side of

the peristoma; thorax with three imperfect luteous stripes and as

many luteous bands; scutellum tawny; pectus gilded; abdomen

with a triangular luteous spot on each side at the base; fore

borders of the segments with testaceous tomentum; legs tawny,

femora mostly pale yellow, fore femora with a black dot on each

at the base; wings greyish, brown along the costa, veins black ;

halteres pale yellow.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 11 lines.

Valley of the Amazon.

Helophilus auratus.

Mas,— Niger, aureo-pubescens, abdomine zeneo, alis subcinereis,

apud costam nigris.

Male.—Black, covered with gilded down, which is brightest on

the vertex; abdomen zneous; wings greyish, brown in front,

veins black.

Length of the body 43 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Valley of the Amazon.

Genus Mexopov, Latr.

Merodon torpidus.

Niger, capite antico-albo, antennis fulvis, abdomine fasciis inter-

ruptis cano-tomentosis, alis obscuré cinereis.

Black; head white in front; antennz tawny; abdomen with

an interrupted_band of hoary tomentum on the fore border of

each segment; wings dark grey, veins black.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 9 lines.

Genus Syrirta, St. Fary. et Serv.

Syritta transversa.

Mas.—Nigra, capite aurato, antennis ferrugineis, thorace fasciis

duabus anterioribus transversis interruptis maculaque trans-

154 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

versa auratis, abdomine zeneo, maculis duabus basalibus late-

ralibus testaceis, pedibus ferrugineis, femoribus posticis

crassis denticulatis, alis cinereis, venis nebulosis, halteribus

testaceis.

Male.—Black; head with pale gilded tomentum, face with a

bluish black callus ; antennz ferruginous; thorax with two an-

terior interrupted bands of gilded tomentum, and with a transverse

spot of the same in front of the scutellum; abdomen zneous,

with an elongated testaceous spot on each side at the base; legs

ferruginous, hind femora thick, minutely denticulated beneath ;

wings grey, clouded about the veins, which are black; halteres

testaceous.

Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 7 lines.

Valley of the Amazon.

Genus Tremnocera, St. Farg.

Temnocera trifascia.

Fulva, abomine fasciis tribus nigris, 3* interrupta apicali, tibiis

tarsisque ferrugineis, alis subcinereis apud costam subluridis,

stigmate maculaque costali subapicali nigricantibus.

Tawny ; abdomen with three black bands on the hind borders

of the segments, third band interrupted, apical ; tibiz and tarsi

ferruginous ; wings very slightly greyish, slightly lurid along the

costa, stigma and a costal subapical spot blackish, veins black.

Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

Para.

Temnocera circumdata.

Testacea, antennis luteis, thoracis disco purpureo cupreo,

abdomine fasciis tribus latis trijunctis nigris, pedibus nigris,

femoribus ferrugineis basi nigris, alis subcinereis, halteribus

niveis.

Testaceous; antenne luteous; disk of the thorax purplish

cupreous ; disk of the pectus black ; abdomen with three broad

black bands, which are connected in the middle and on each

side ; legs black, coxee tawny, femora ferruginous, black towards

the base; wings greyish, veins black, tawny at the base ; halteres

snow white.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

Valley of the Amazon.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 155

Temnocera integra.

Pallide fulva, abdomine guttis duabus lateralibus subapicalibus

nigris, tibiis tarsisque supra ferrugineis, alis limpidis, gutta

apud stigma nigra.

Pale tawny ; abdomen with two black dots on each side towards

the tip; tibize and tarsi ferruginous above; wings limpid, stigma

testaceous, with a black dot at the base, veins black, testaceous at

the base and along the costa.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Valley of the Amazon.

Genus Lycastris, n. g.

Epistoma porrectum, lanceolatum, thorace vix brevius; os cor-

pore vix brevius ; antenne petiolo inserte ; articuli 1"* et 2"

breves, 3"° latus, subellipticus, arista nuda; thorax et abdo-

men pilosa; pedes simplices ; alee vena transversd pre ae-

brachiali longa, arcuata, perobliqua.

Epistoma prolonged into a porrect lanceolate horn, which is

nearly as long as the thorax ; mouth nearly as long as the body ;

antennze seated on a short porrect horn, first and second joints

short, third broad, nearly elliptical; arista bare; thorax and ab-

domen pilose; legs simple; transverse prebrachial vein long,

curved, very oblique, placed beyond the middle of the discal

areolet ; transverse vein between the cubital and the preebrachial

ending at the tip of the former.

Lycastris albipes.

Testacea, capite piceo, abdomine cyaneo piceo, segmentorum

marginibus posticis albido-pilosis, pedibus albis piceo-fasciatis,

alis vix subcinereis, venis transversis subnebulosis, halteribus

apice piceis.

Testaceous ; head piceous, with testaceous tomentum about

the eyes; pectus hoary; abdomen bluish piceous, with a band

of whitish hairs on the hind border of each segment ; legs white ;

anterior femora at the base, hind femora excepting the tips, tips

of anterior tarsi and of hind tibize and hind tarsi, piceous ; wings

very slightly greyish; transverse veins slightly clouded; veins

black, testaceous towards the base ; halteres with piceous tips.

Length of the body 53 lines; of the wings 11 lines.

Hindostan.

156 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

Genus Piriza, Fallen.

Pipiza Pica.

Foem.—Nigra, nitens, oculis tomento albo marginatis, thoracis

guttis quatuor lateralibus scutellique margine fulvis, abdomine

subpiceo, femoribus basi piceis, tarsis albis apice piceis, alis

limpidis, basi strig& contigua costali fasciaque abbreviata

nigris, halteribus fulvis.

Female.—Black, shining ; head with white tomentum about the

eyes; face somewhat lurid in the middle; thorax with two

tawny dots on each side; scutellum with a tawny border ;

pectus hoary; abdomen slightly piceous ; femora piceous towards

the base; tarsi white, with piceous tips ; wings limpid, black at

the base and with an adjoining black costal streak which joins a

black band, the latter is obsolete towards the hind border ; hal-

teres tawny.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Valley of the Amazon.

Pipiza divisa,

Fom.—Nigra, pectore cano, abdomine vittis duabus lateralibus

ferrugineis, pedibus piceis, femoribus basi, genubus tarsisque

subtus ferrugineis, alis limpidis, dimidio basali nigricante

posticé cinereo, halteribus fulvis.

emale.—Black ; pectus hoary; abdomen with a ferruginous

stripe along each side; legs piceous ; femora at the base, knees

and tarsi beneath ferruginous ; wings limpid, basal half blackish,

excepting the hind border, which is grey ; alulz white; halteres

tawny.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Vera Cruz.

Pipiza dolosa.

Mas.—Nigra, pectore cinereo, abdomine nigro purpureo, alis

subcinereis dimidio basali antice nigricante, halteribus fulvis.

Male.—Black ; pectus cinereous ; abdomen blackish purple ;

legs piceous; wings greyish, blackish along half the length from

the base, except towards the hind border ; alule white; halteres

tawny.

Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

Valley of the Amazon.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 157

Genus Syrpuus, Fabr.

Syrphus subchalybeus.

Fulvus, capite antico glauco, thorace vittis duabus zneis lineis-

que duabus intermidiis fulvis, tibiis posticis piceis, alis cine-

reis, dimidio basali antice lurido.

Tawny ; head glauceous in front; thorax with two zneous

stripes, each of which is intersected by two tawny lines ; hind

tibize piceous ; wings grey ; basal half, excepting the hind border,

lurid; veins ferruginous.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Valley of the Amazon.

Genus Ruoaa, n. g.

Mas.—Parago affinis, caput sat angustum, oculi supra non con-

nexi; antennarum articulus 1"° longus; 3" brevior, sub-

clavatus ; arista nuda; abdomen sessile oblanceolatum,

thorace vix duplo longius; tibize postice subdilatatee, sub-

ciliate ; metatarsi postici dilatati.

Male——Body rather narrow; eyes parted above; first joint of

the antennze much longer than the third, which is subclavate ;

arista bare ; abdomen sessile, oblanceolate, hardly twice the length

of the thorax; hind tibize slightly dilated and ciliated ; hind me-

tatarsus dilated ; wings with the veins much like those of Paragus

in structure ; transverse prebrachial vein placed much before the

middle of the discal areolet ; transverse preebrachial vein rejecting

a branch towards the base of the wing.

Rhoga lutescens.

Mas.—Pallide lutea, thoracis disco nigro, tibiis posticis extus

nigro-pilosis, alis limpidis, fascia apiceque subcinereis.

Male.—Pale luteous ; head with a black callus on the vertex,

and another above the base of the antenne ; thorax with a large

black radiating spot on the disk ; hind tibiae with black hairs on

the outer side; wings limpid, greyish in the middle and at the

tips; veins pale luteous, black in the grey part; halteres tes-

taceous.

Length of the body 23 lines ; of the wings 5 lines.

Para.

158 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera.

Fam. 15. CONOPIDE.

The Conopide are probably about fifty in number, and are

nearly all contained in the genus Conops, which Rondani has divided

into several ; the latter may be considered as sub-genera. Mac-

quart has established the following more distinct genus :—

* Antenne on the sides of the porrect front. Pleurocerina,

Macq.

** Antenne at the tip of the porrect front. Conops.

XV. On the Oriental Species of Butterflies related to the

Genus Morpho. By J. O. Westwoop, Esq., F.L.S. &e.

[Read March 3rd, 1856.]

Tue beautiful insects which form the subject of the present com-

munication are the eastern representatives of a group of butterflies

of large size, which, with these oriental exceptions, are exclusive

natives of the new world, and which in respect to their size may

be ranked amongst the largest known species of butterflies, and

in the brilliancy of the colours of many of the species and the

grandly ocellated markings of their wings, may equally vie in

beauty with any of their rivals. Morpho Cypris is in fact the’

empress of the butterfly world. In respect likewise to their

natural relations, resulting either from their direct affinities with

other groups of butterflies, or their more distant analogies both

with other butterflies and other tribes of animals, invertebrated

and vertebrated, these insects are so interesting, that I cannot

but think that a few remarks, with reference especially to such

relationships as they exhibit, may not be without advantage

(affecting as they do the primary distribution of the whole of the

butterflies— Lepidoptera Diurna or Rhopalocera—as well also as

that of the primary groups of the Annulosa themselves), at a time

when Lepidopterology counts so many votaries, who, however, for

Mr. J.O. Westwood on Oriental Species of Butterflies. 159

the most part never give a thought to the higher objects of

zoological study, but content themselves with capturing or rearing,

and occasionally describing, new or rare species of moths and

butterflies.

In thus recalling attention to the remarkable principles which

have been laid down within the past thirty years as regulating the

natural distribution of animals, I do not think I shall run any risk

of being regarded as upholding that doctrine of Linnzus, thrice

repeated in his ‘“ Philosophia Botanica,” that the true end of our

science is the discovery of the natural system,* or arrange-

ment of natural objects with reference to each other, to the

manifest disparagement of those higher inquiries into the man-

ners and customs, economic uses or injuries, and all those other

relations of life, of an animal in reference to its operations in

the universe, which St. Pierre has so excellently expressed under

the title of ‘“‘ Harmonies of Nature,” and for the performance of

which it has in fact been called into existence.

If the [yw6t ceavrév of Solon was accounted the chief of the

seven sentences of the seven wise men of Greece, written in letters

of gold on the temple of Diana, and was in more recent times em-

ployed by Linnzus as the specific character of the human race

(Homo sarrens, Nosce teipsum, Syst. Nat. i. 28), so in respect to

natural objects, the naturalist must make himself thoroughly

acquainted with every peculiarity in the structure and habits,

transformations and physiology of the objects of his study. To

attempt the description of an animal before its structure has been

thoroughly investigated, or to construct systems of nature (which

may indeed appear plausible upon paper) before a profound

investigation has been made of the same peculiarities in each of the

primary types or groups, is but to build houses on the sand, to be

washed down by the tide of knowledge, as it is more and more

swollen by the accumulation of fresh facts. “Facts BEFORE

Tuerory” has indeed been my motto ever since I commenced the

study of insects. But still inquiries as to the principles of the

natural system of the creation and theories formed with a view to

its elucidation, even if occasionally false, are unquestionably valu-

able, because it has always happened that the promulgation of

* “Methodi naturalis fragmenta studiose inquirenda sunt. Primum et ulti-

mum hoc in Botanicis desideratum est” (p. 27). ‘* Methodus naturalis est

ultimus finis Botanices’”’ (p. 101). ‘“‘ Classes quo magis naturales, eo, ceteris

paribus, prestantiores sunt. Ad fines conveniunt habita ——, &c. Summorum

Botanicorum hodiernus labor in his sudat et desudare debet. Methodus naturalis

hinc ultimus finis Botanices est et erit” (p. 137).

160 Mr, J. O. Westwood on the Oriental Species

such theories has constantly been attended with new suggestions,

often highly original, interesting, and valuable; and thus no one

can rise from a careful study of the theoretical portions of the works

of MacLeay, Vigors, Horsfield, Swainson, or Newman, without

being struck with the many new ideas which these writers have

formed on the natural distribution and arrangement of the various

objects of nature on which they have exercised their talents and

ingenuity. That one and all of them should have occasionally

bent or even sacrificed nature to theory is no more to be wondered

at than the discovery of the true system of nature itself would

have been with the few genuine materials we at present possess,

accumulated as they have been within so few years.

Let us see, for instance, what are the chief points in a Lepidop-

terous insect which appear likely to be of importance in enabling

us to judge of its natural relation and place in the system of

nature. Ido not here allude to its internal anatomy, although

no one can doubt that this is even of higher importance than its

external structure.

Structure of the egg and its peculiarities; external form of the

larva at its different periods of growth; structure of its mouth,

spiracles, legs, prolegs, caudal appendages, &c.; external form

and other peculiarities of the chrysalis, its mode of suspension or

situation in a cocoon or otherwise; external structure of the per-

fect insect, including its antenne, their form and number of

joints, spiral tongue and palpi; eyes; legs, with their tarsi and

ungues ; form and position of the wings; arrangement of wing

veins ; abdomen and abdominal appendages in the opposite sexes,

and other sexual differences ; natural habits and economy; time of

flight, geographical distribution, size, colour, and markings.

Now how many Lepidopterous insects have been studied in ~

such a manner as will clearly enable us to form an opinion on all

these various peculiarities and points of structure? Lyonnet spent

a life in examining the goat moth, Cossus ligniperda, in its various

states, but it is only the larval portion of his inquiry which

he had time satisfactorily to complete. To affirm that any

one of these peculiarities or characters is of superior importance

to the rest, as affording a key to a natural system of Lepidoptera, until

such a thorough investigation has been made of one or more species

in each of the principal groups of Lepidopterous insects, seems to

me to be liable to lead to error, not only from positive want of

knowledge of facts, but also from a want of recognition of that

principle which seems to pervade nature, namely, that characters

which in one group appear to be of primary importance, become

of Butterflies related to the Genus Morpho. 161

modified so greatly in another group as to lose their primary

value, which is seen to be usurped by quite a distinct set of cha-

racters. Hence I consider that we are not in a position to assert

that the genus Papilio, either on account of its minute palpi,

or the arrangement of its wing veins, forms but a single genus,

especially as the larve of various species are so very distinct in

their forms, as may be seen in the plates of Dr. Horsfield’s

* Lepidoptera Javanica,” or, on the other hand, to regard all the

species of caterpillars which have furcate heads and tails as

belonging to one primary division of the Diurna, thus separating

Apatura {rom its allies, and bringing it with Morpho and

Hipparchia into one group; or, again, to strike Parnassius and

Thais from Papilio as a distinct sub-family, because the Apollo

butterfly spins for itself a loose cocoon in a leaf like a moth, as

Mr. Swainson has done in his Nat. Arr. of Insects, p. 76; or, lastly,

with an imperfect knowledge of the larva of only a single species

of Erycinide to unite that extensive group of butterflies with

Lycena and Thecla. 1 might also dwell upon the impossibility

of satisfactorily arranging all those other groups of strikingly

distinct types of form amongst exotic butterflies, of whose trans-

formations we still remain ignorant, such as those typified by

Ageronia, Heliconia, Acrea, &e.

But if we cannot (it would indeed be a most marvellous thing if

we could), with our present state of knowledge, hope for the reali-

zation of our wishes in the discovery of the System of Nature, it is

the more incumbent on us to collect materials for that purpose,

and, by careful examination of such materials as we actually

possess, to discover the relations of affinity between species and

groups, and to point out the analogies which they exhibit with

other groups.

The butterflies, then, which are the objects of the present

paper are natives of India and the adjacent parts of the East.

They are of a large or moderate size, with wings large in propor-

tion to the body, and rounded; the hind pair in the Amathusie,

Zeuxidie, and Kallime, having the anal angle produced into a

long point, or a broad short tail, and the underside of the wings,

especially of the posterior pair, beautifully ornamented with eye-like

spots. Ina few of the species the upper side is more or less

tinged with a dark metallic purple gloss; the discoidal cell in the

fore wings is closed, but that of the hind wings is open; the base

of the latter pair of wings not being furnished with a small sup-

plemental cell at the base of the submarginal vein. In the males

of some of the species, the hind wings are ornamented with tufts

VOL. IV, N.S. PT. VI.—JAN. 1858. M

162. Mr. J.O. Westwood on the Oriental Species

of long hairs, which the insect can doubtless erect and depress at

will. The antenne are long and but moderately clubbed ; the palpi

are of moderate length and breadth, the fore legs reduced to a

very small size, incapable of walking. The little that is known of

the preparatory states of these insects teaches that the cater-

pillars are cylindrical, with the head cornuted or forked, and with

the extremity of the body terminating into two points or tails.

Now there are three modes of looking at an animal with reference

to the remainder of the creation. Either the species is to be

considered, as completely independent of all other species, and

produced for a given end, without reference to any other animal,

or the species is to be regarded with especial reference to such

species as are approximated to it by similarity of structure, which

constitutes that relationship which has been termed affinity; or

thirdly, the species is to be examined, not only with reference to

its direct affinities, but also in respect to its resemblance to other

and more distant tribes, which constitute the principle which has

been termed analogy.

This is not the place to enter into very lengthy observations

on these different relationships. The Hore Entomologice, the

latter volumes of the Introduction to Entomology, and various

detached memoirs by Messrs. MacLeay, Kirby, Vigors, Hors-

field, Swainson, &c., may be advantageously consulted; but I

apprehend that no one will venture to deny the existence of these

different kinds of relationships, although they may, and probably

will, differ as to the mode of their application in reference to the

discovery of the natural system.

Mr. MacLeay, indeed, regarded relations of analogy as of the

highest value in testing the natural arrangement of groups; and,

taking as a starting point one of his five divisions of Annulose ani-

mals, namely, his 4metabola, he regarded the different resemblances

or analogies which exist between the types of each of the five

subdivisions of the Ametabola, and the larve of different tribes

of Coleopterous insects, as affording a means of dividing the

Coleoptera into so many primary groups, arranged in a parallel

series with the five groups of Ametabola.

The same principle was applied by Dr. Horsfield to the Lepidop-

tera, in order to test the divisions (not of the whole order, but) of the

Diurnal species, and on this principle five groups of Diurna were es-

tablished, the resemblance to the Chilopoda (Scolopendra, &e.) being

supposed to exist in those caterpillars which have a series of appen-

dages or diverging spines along the sides of the body, recalling to

mind in some degree the protruded numerous legs of the centi-

of Butterflies related to the Genus Morpho. 163

pede; the resemblance to the Chilognatha (Julus, ..) being effected

by those caterpillars with cylindrical bodies and legs short ; the

resemblance to the T’hysanure (Lepisma, L.) being found in

those caterpillars which have the body terminated in two elongated

points; the resemblance to the Anoplura (Pediculus, L.) being

found in the larve of Hesperia, having a large head and a body

terminated bluntly at its hind part, without any points or tails ;

and the resemblance to the Vermes of MacLeay being supposed

to occur in the short onisciform larve of the Lycenide.

Mr. Swainson extended these analogies beyond the Annu-

losa, and, adopting the five divisions of Diurna, he pointed out the

resemblance of the caterpillars of the Thysanuriform division, to

which the Morphide are referrable, (to which, however, he adds

the Satyride,) with the Gallinacee or Rasores among birds,

and the horned cattle, or Ungulata, among quadrupeds, which are

the only ones in their respective classes which have horned crests

or pointed appendages on their heads. So also the tails of these

larve are indicated as pointing to the greatly elongated tails of

the peacock, pheasant, and others Gailinaceous birds, as well as

to the horse, which has the most beautiful tail among quadrupeds.

So again the most bulky quadrupeds are found among the Ungulata,

and the Morphos of South America are the giants among butter-

flies; the largest birds also occur in the rasorial order, whilst on

looking at the perfect insects almost all the butterflies are distin-

guished by the beautiful ocellate spots on the underside of their

wings, just as the peacock, &c. are pre-eminently ocellated in their

markings, “and the general structure of all those insects, even

those of the largest, is weak.”

To deny the existence of such resemblances as are here detailed

would be to shut our eyes to some of the most interesting and beau-

tiful harmonies of nature; but on the other hand it seems to me

equally unsafe to affirm, in the present state of our knowledge of

the structure and transformations of insects in general, or of the

Lepidoptera in particular, either that the characters alluded to

above possess the importance here given to them, or that the rela-

tions resulting from their resemblance to the analogous peculiarities

in other tribes of animals, is of itself a sufficient proof that the

natural progression of the two sets of groups of animals must

necessarily be parallel, the arrangement of one pointing out and

testing the arrangement of the other by the existence of different

points of resemblance, such as has been indicated above.

Now the genera which have the Jarve furnished either with

a bicornuted head or a bifid tail are very varied, not only in the

164. Mr. J. O. Westwood on the Oriental Species

perfect state, but also in the general character of the caterpillars

themselves; thus the larva of the genus Diadema* has the head

armed with two erect spines, but eacb of the following segments

has several shorter spines, which is the character of the true

Chilopodiform larvz of Dr. Horsfield. Apatura Iris has the larva

very slug-like, being thickest in the middle of the body, the head

furnished with two erect horns, the body attenuated behind and

terminated by a bifid point; the surface of the body is finely

shagreened, and with slender oblique pale yellow lines at the sides.

The larve of 4. Clyton and Celtis are more elongated, the head

with two branches or bifid horns or spines. (Bdv. and Leconte,

Icon. Lep. Amer, Septentr.) The larva of Nymphalis Jasius (Cha-

raxes J., Ochs., Bdv.) has the body smooth, gradually attenuated

behind, and terminated by a depressed bicuspidated tail, and the

head armed with four obtuse horns. That of Nymph. Athamas

(Horsfield, Catal. Lep. Ins. E. Ind. Comp. pl. 8, f. 7, is rather

more elongated than that of N. Jasius, but similarly furnished

with horns on the head and tail. The larva of N. Fabius, figured

in Gen. Horsfield’s collection of drawings in the British Museum,

is still more elongated. The larve of Protogonius Hippona, as

represented by Stoll, Supp. Cramer, pl. 2, fig. 1, is subcylin-

drical, granulose, not spined, slightly attenuated, and apparently

simple behind, the head being armed with two short obtuse horns

on the hinder part; the larva of Paphia is elongated, scabrous

and setose, with the head square, and furnished with two small

conical horns, which, as well as the sides of the head, are minutely

tuberculated. The anal pair of feet are large and divergent.

(Stoll, pl. 6, fig. 3, P. Polycarmes, and pl. 6, fig. 2, P. Eribotes,

= Leonidas, Cram.) In Amathusia Phidippus, as we learn from Dr.

Horsfield’s invaluable collection of drawings and descriptive

Catalogue (pl. 7, fig. 10), the caterpillar is long, with a rounded

head, armed on the sides above with a pair of short, broad pal-

mated horns, the body being covered with minute sete, and also

thickly clothed with hairs, especially about the head; the body

being terminated by two long setose spines. The larva of Disco-

phora Celinde, on the contrary, although having the body long,

cylindrical, and furnished with hairy tubercles, has the head small

and simple, and the tail armed only with two short conical points.

(Horsfield, Cat. Lep. E. Ind. Comp. pl. 7, fig. 11.)

According to Madame Merian’s figures of the transformations

of Morpho Achilles and Telemachus (the correctness of the former

of which has been confirmed by M. Lacordaire), the larve are

* See Gen. D. Lep. p. 280, for an account of the transformations of two species

of this genus.

of Butterflies related to the Genus Morpho. 165

long and cylindrical, with several erect spines on each segment,

the fore segments being furnished with small tufts of hair; the

head bifid on the crown in the latter species, but apparently

simple in the former, the tail being forked in both. (Merian, pl. 7

and pl. 68.) How far Madame Merian’s figures of the trans-

formations of Morpho Menelaus, pl. 53, and M. Nestor, pl. 9, be

worthy of confidence, is questionable. Dr. Burmeister, indeed,

in his excellent revision of M. Merian’s plates, says of pl. 9,

“ Auf dieses Tafel ist alles unrichtig. Die Raupe gehért nicht

zu ein Tagvogel, sondern wahrscheinlich zu Sphinx Vitis, wenig-

stens habe ich ahnliche Uebergangskleider bei dieser Art beo-

bachtet; die Puppe ist ganz gewiss die verlassene Hiilse eines

Ritters, und scheint mir zu Papilio Polycaon zu gehéren, der

spater (Tab. 31) mit ganz ahnlicher Hiilse und nochmals Tab.

67 mit noch nicht verlassener Puppe verkommt” (Burmeister,

Krit. Bemerk. itiber M. S. Merian, Met. Ins. Surin, p. 4)—

whilst of Madame Merian’s figures of the transformations of

M. Menelaus (pl. 53) Burmeister thinks that neither the larva

nor pupa is that of a diurnal Lepidopterous insect. Of the

transformations of the genus Caligo, we know only those of

C. Teucer, Merian, Ins. Sur. pl. 23, of which Burmeister re-

marks, ‘‘ Raupe und Puppe sind zwar nicht besonders gerathen,

aber doch kenntlich genug, um sich uberzeugen zu konnen, dass sie

wirklich zum Schmetterlinge gehéren.” The general similarity

in form of this caterpillar with that of Discophora Celinde, Hors-

field, and Opsiphanes Cassie, Merian, pl. 32, as well also as that

represented in Merian’s pl. 8 (which she gave as that of Ageronia

Feronia), proves that in this respect Madame Merian was right,

although the caterpillar and chrysalis of C. Idomeneus (pl. 60)

are so unlike the former, that Burmeister has evident reason to

say, that “ Die Raupe passt weit eher zu einem Nachtvogel als

zu einem Tagvogel,” which is moreover fully confirmed by Stoll’s

figures of Opsiphanes Berecynthus and Cassia. (Suppl. Cramer,

pl. 3, fig. 3 and fig. 4.) The caterpillars of these species in their

long bodies, cornuted heads, and long bifid tails, approach cer-

tainly to the type of the Hipparchiide, of which the following is

the character given in the ‘‘ Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera.”

‘*‘ Larva attenuated at the extremity of the body, and almost

pisciform, tomentose, terminated by two more or less prominent

anal points; the head rounded, sometimes emarginate or bifid, or

sometimes surmounted by two spines.”

But this particular form of caterpillar extends still further,

since Dr. Horsfield was fortunately successful in rearing Mela-

nitis undularis in Java. This insect belongs to the family Kury-

166 Mr. J.O. Westwood on the Oriental Species

telide, and has a caterpillar shorter in proportion than that of

Hipparchia Leda (figured by Horsfield, pl. 8, fig. 9), and appa-

rently with the body smooth, the head of moderate size, with

two erect slender horns, and the tail with two long simple points

(Horsfield, pl. 8, fig. 8), whilst the closely-allied Didonis Biblis

(=Biblis Thadana, Godart), for a knowledge of the transforma-

tions of which we are indebted to Dr. Boisduval (Crochard’s Edit.

R. Animal, Ins. pl. 136, fig. 4), has the larva cylindrical, the joints

rather constricted, with the anterior segments attenuated ; the head

armed with two long slender horns, the fourth segment of the body

produced above into a conical point, hairy at the tip; each of the

other segments produced above into a small slender setigerous lobe,

and the tail is apparently simple; the general appearance of the larva

is in fact that of atrue Nymphalideous butterfly. So also the larva

of Ergolis Coryta, although belonging to the family of Eurytelide,

has a larva (as we learn likewise from Dr. Horsfield’s work, pl. 7,

fig. 6) furnished, it is true, with two long spiny horns on the

head, but also with a series of setose spines on each segment, so

that it closely resembles the larvee of such Nymphalideous genera

as Epicalia, Gynecia and Myscelia (especially Myc. Ariadne, Stoll.

Suppl. Cram. pl. 4, fig. 4), and even the larve of some of the

Jritillaries figured by Hubner, but in these the two long porrected

spines arise not from the head, but from the first segment of the

body. Now this revision of the larva, with cornuted heads and

bifid taills, comprises, I believe, the whole series of butterflies,

whose transformations are known up to the present time, which

could be assigned to the Thysanuriform type, were we exclusively

to build our classification of butterflies upon this single character.

The late Mr. Swainson, in his highly ingenious and often suc-

cessful views, has made some observations on these larva, and

the principal variations to be met with among them which appear

worthy of being borne in mind. In his latest work (The Natural

History and Arrangement of Insects, in Lardner’s Cyclopedia,

p- 98), he has adopted a family Satyride (Hipparchiide, nob.),

which he had previously comprised amongst the Nymphalidae,

making it include not only the Hipparchiide of temperate cli-

mates, but also the gigantic Morphide of the tropics, which, on

account of the cornuted heads and long bodies, terminated in two

processes, either assuming the appearance of tails or of two little

short spines of their caterpillars, he thinks, ‘‘ must of necessity

represent the Gallinacee or Rasores among birds, and the horned,

cattle or ruminants (Ungulata) among quadrupeds.* Now both

* It isscarcely necessary toobserve, that Mr. Swainson’s classifications are entirely

founded on the system of representation existing amongst various groups of animals

of Butterflies related to the Genus Morpho. 167

of these groups of vertebrate animals, in their respective classes,

are the only ones which have horns, crests or pointed appendages

on their heads. ‘ Look to the whole of the order Ungulata, and

you will find the rhinoceros, with its horned snout, and the nume-

rous families of deer and antelopes and oxen, all decorated in

this manner; turn to the gallinaceous birds, and you will find

nearly all the peacocks and pheasants ornamented either with

conspicuous crests or with little ear-like egrets, the different fowls

with fleshy combs cresting their heads, and the front of the

different guinea-hens armed with bony protuberances.” So with

reference to the analogies resulting from the caudal appendages

of these so-called Thysanuriform larve, “ if it be inquired what

are the birds which have the greatest development of tail? the

merest tyro will name the peacocks, the pheasants, and all the

typical gallinaceous birds, as possessing this member in the highest

state of development. The analogy of this order of birds with

that composed of the domesticated quadrupeds, long ago pointed

out by Linnzus, is unquestionable, and we accordingly find that

the horse, which stands at their head, has the most beautiful tail

among quadrupeds.” Again, “ it is notorious that the most

bulky of true quadrupeds are found in the class Ungulata; there

we have the elephant, the hippopotamus, and the whole family

of antelopes and oxen; the largest birds, on the same principle,

occur in the rasorial order, and in like manner the giants of the

diurnal butterflies all proceed from the Thysanuriform cater-

pillars” (p. 67). In a subsequent page, he enters into the analo-

gies exhibited by the perfect insects comprising his group of Saty-

ride (Hipparchiide and Morphide, nob.), and, in addition to the

large size already noticed above, he observes that ‘ the strong

peculiarity which runs through all these groups is, that the under

surface of the wings is invariably ornamented with beautiful

ocellate spots: these spots in the large American species resemble

in form, but not in brilliancy of colour, those on the tail of the

peacock, but in the European examples they are smaller, more

numerous, and often silvery. The general structure of all these

insects, even those of the largest, is weak. The typical groups

live only in the dark primeval forests, resting on the trunks of trees

during the meridian heat, and show a decided partiality for shade ;

some, indeed, fly only towards the dusk of the evening. These

habits, strikingly contrasting with those of the Papilionide and

Nymphalide, show that we have reached an aberrant group of the

Diurnal Lepidoptera, and illustrate that general habit and struc-

ture must have more weight than partial considerations drawn

either from the larva, pupa or the perfect insect.”

168 Mr. J.O. Westwood on the Oriental Species

Ingenious however as these views unquestionably are, and dis-

satisfied as I have expressed myself to be with the various classi-

fications of the tetrapod butterflies hitherto proposed, I am by no

means satisfied of the propriety of regarding the Hipparchiide@ and

Morphide as together constituting one primary section of the

Diurnal Lepidoptera, the very minute analysis of the genera of

which, required for the elaboration of the ‘‘ Genera of Diurnal Lepi-

doptera,” having proved that the great group Hipparchide is a very

characteristic one in itself. Much less am 1 disposed to follow Dr.

Horsfield in admitting such genera as Apatura, Nymphalis, Pro-

togonius and Paphia into the section having the Hipparchiides as

their chief type, on account of the cornuted head and bifid tail of

the larva, whilst the general structure of the perfect insect is

pre-eminently Nymphalideous. Mr. Swainson appears to have

been fully alive to the difficulty of this question, attempting to

solve it on the principle of variation in groups. The student, he

says, must not believe that all the Thysanuriform larve, for

instance, go into one division. True it is that by such an arrange-

ment he would get a uniformity of the same shaped caterpillars,

and he might flatter himself with having discovered the true ar-

rangement of the Lepidoptera, but when he looked to the butterflies

which proceeded from his Thysanuriform larve he would find

that so far from exhibiting that regularity and affinity with each

other, which, from looking only at their caterpillars, he had ex-

pected, he will be perfectly disappointed. He then points out

fivedifferent instances, in which five different caterpillars, answer-

ing to the definition of Thysanuriform larvze, produce butterflies

which belong to the five primary divisions of the Diurna, instancing

as one of these, which from the length of the horns of the cater-

pillar might be considered pre-eminently typical, the purple

emperor butterfly, which, as indicated above, is given by Dr. Hors-

field as one of the primary types of the Thysanuromorpha. The

principle of variation on which Mr. Swainson endeavoured to ex-

plain this apparent difficulty was stated to be, theoretically, as fol-

lows: “every natural group of butterflies, either in the caterpillar

or perfect state, contains representations of the primary types of

larvee, modified however in such a manner as to indicate the real

type to which they actually belong”—hence some Juliform butterflies

assume the aspect and character of Scolopendriform larve, others

have the Thysanuriform shape, so that, although the butterflies

which stand at the head of the Juliform division, as being typical,

have Juliform larvae, “ yet that the group, taken as a whole, will

contain analogical representations of all the other [four] types of

Jarvee we have described. The Scolopendriform butterflies (Nym-

of Butterflies related to the Genus Morpho. 169

phalides) in the very same manner contain also representations of

Juliform, Thysanuriform, Vermiform and Anopluriform caterpillars,

besides their own proper type, which is Scolopendriform.” In this

point of view therefore the purple emperor butterfly is to be

regarded as belonging to the Nymphalide, but as the type of a

group of that tribe of butterflies, which represents the Thysanu-

riform group.

Whether or not these views of Mr. Swainson will ultimately be

found true to the extent which he gave to them, it cannot, I think,

be doubted that the fixing on a single character, such as that ex-

hibited by the larve of any tribe of butterflies, is not sufficient to

draw into that tribe every butterfly which may happen to exhibit

that character under any extent of development or modification.

We may easily imagine modifications in a Nymphalideous larva,

which might have for their result the production of a form so

much resembling that of a real Thysanuriform larve as to lead

to an idea that it belonged to the latter primary group; and it

needs only to look over the various figures to which I have above

referred to be convinced that, although agreeing in one or two

characters, such as the cornuted head or bifid tail, they exhibit

other and more material differences inter se.

These considerations, which I have detailed rather with the

view of showing the difficulties in the present state of the question

as to the distribution of the Diurnal Lepidoptera, than of attempting

to lay down any decided system of classification, will suffice to

prove that the Morphid, although agreeing with the Hippar-

chitde in the ocellated markings of the under side of the wings,

and in the pisciform character of the larvae, cannot be associated

therewith on account of the more general preponderance of

Nymphalideous characters exhibited by the imago. It is true that

their large size might, and indeed has been used as a proof of

their being the types of the Thysanuriform group; but in my

opinion this very fact of their gigantic size is of itself an evidence

of aberration from a given type, and would serve rather to con-

vince me that they should be deemed to be aberrant Nymphalidae,

approaching towards the Hipparchiide—if, indeed, the rank of a

distinct family should be denied to them. I must, at the same

time, confess that I find it next to impossible to draw any (even

an artificial) line of separation between the Morphide and such

genera as Discophora, Zeuxidia, Amathusia, Dyctis and Kallima.

Having, however, detailed the characters of these groups in the

‘Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera,” 1 shall not enter further into the

question of their position, and shall now proceed to enumerate the

170 Mr. J. O. Westwood on the Oriental Species

Eastern species of the three oriental genera, which have been

more decidedly regarded as belonging to the family Morphide,

and which agree together (as well as with the South American

restricted genus Morpho) in having the discoidal cell of the hind

wings open and unaccompanied by a small prediscoidal cell, thus

differing from Pavonia, Dynastor and Opsiphanes, which have the

discoidal cell of the hind wings closed, and accompanied by a small

prediscoidal cell,—a character which had not, as far I am aware,

been noticed by any previous writer, and which (so far also as I

am aware) is found in no other group of butterflies,

Genus THaumantis, Hiibner, E, Doubleday, Boisduval

(Morpho, Godart, Horsfield, Zinken-Sommer).

These insects are the finest representatives of the family occur-

ring in the East, almost vieing, in this respect, with the gigantic

Morphos of the Western Continent, not only in their large size,

but also in the brilliant patches of glossy purple or blue with

which some of them are adorned. They are closely allied to

Clerome, from which they differ in their larger size, more strongly

marked colours, and the greater distance apart of the branches of

the post-costal vein of the fore wings, which are either parually

coalesced with the costal vein, or, if free, are only three in

number.

I purposely omit the detailed generic characters of this and the

following genera, as they will be found in the “ Genera of Diurnal

Lepidoptera.”

The species form two marked divisions :—

1st. Those with four branches to the post-costal vein of the

fore wings, two of which coalesce with the costal vein, comprising

the type of the genus Zh. Odana and its allies, and also the fine

large species Th. Aliris.

2nd. The three species, of large size, which have only three

branches to the post-costal branch of the fore wings, all of which

are free, namely, 7h. Camadeva, Howqua, and Normahal.

Sp. 1. Thaumantis Odana, Godart.

Th. alis omnibus nigro-fuscis ; anticis supra fascia lata obliqua

disci perpulchre cerulea, nitida medio pallidiori, puncto sub-

apicali albo ; subtus strigis disci margineque apicali griseo-

seu lilacino-albidis, posticis puncto parvo marginis costalis,

ocelloque magno versus angulum analem supra luteo-cincto.

Expans. alarum cire. unc. 4.

of Butterflies related to the Genus Morpho. 171

Syn. Morpho Odana, Godart, Enc. M. ix. p. 445, n. 16; Hors-

field, Cat. Lep. Ins. Coll. East Ind. Comp. pl. 6, f. 5

and 5a; Boisduval, Spec. Gen. Lep. 1, pl. 12 (8 B.),

f.1; Doubl., Westw. and Hewits. Gen. D. Lep., p. 396

(Thaumantis Odana).

Thaumantis Oda, Hubner, Samm]. Exot. Schmett. Bd. ii.

pl. —.

Morpho Klugius, Zinken-Sommer in Nov. Acta, xv.

p- 165, pl. 15, f. 12, 13 (male mistaken for female

by Z. 8.)

Habitat in Java, Singapore, etc.

The costal vein of the fore wings in this species apparently

extends into the pale submarginal fascia, emitting two branches to

the costa, the first of which is, in fact, the real termination of the

costal vein ; the second, as well as the apparent termination of the

costal, being the extremities of the first and second branches of the

subcostal vein, of which the third and fourth branches are free.

The under surface of the wings varies considerably in the in-

tensity of the markings, especially in specimens from Singapore,

from whence it has been sent by Mr. Wallace. The male has a

patch of hairs at the base of the hind wings on the upper side.

In its colours there is no difference between the sexes of this

species,

Sp. 2. Thaumantis Diores.

Th. alis omnibus nigro-fuscis, singula supra macula magna disci,

perpulchre cerulea, nitida; subtus strigis disci fuscis mar-

ginisque externo albidis, posticis ocellis duobus mediocribus

supra luteo-marginatis.

Expans. alar. 3 unc. 9 lin.

Syn. Thaumantis Diores, E. Doubleday in Ann. of Nat. Hist.

xvi. p. 234 (1845); Doubl., Westw. and Hewits., Gen.

D. Lep. p. 337.

Habitat Ind. Orient. septentr. Sylhet, Assam.

Above all the wings fuscous black, the anterior with a broad

band-like spot, commencing near the costa beyond the middle,

and extending towards the anal as far as the lowest median ner-

vule. This spot is of a brilliant metallic changeable blue, much

paler and less changeable externally. On the posterior wings is

a large patch of the same rich blue, paler in the centre, occupying

the whole dise of the wing. Below, all the wings less black than

above, the outer margin paler ; this pale portion bounded internally

by an undulated pale or whitish striga, becoming brown towards

its termination at the anal angle of the posterior wings ; between

172 Mr. J. O. Westwood on the Oriental Species

this and the margin is another less distinct similar striga. The

anterior wings have besides two fuscous strige in the discoidal

cell, inclosing a paler space, and a third striga commencing on the.

costa beyond the cell, and extending obliquely nearly to the anal

angle, slightly bordered internally with whitish. The posterior

wings have a transverse fuscous striga near the base, and another

commencing near the middle of the costa, and reaching nearly to

the anal angle. Just within the pale submarginal striga, near the

costa, is a round yellowish spot inclosing a brown one, placed

towards its outer margin, and between the first and second median

nervule a round black spot, sprinkled with blue atoms anteriorly,

and surrounded by a yellowish and black iris ; anal angle with a

geminate spot, composed of black and white atoms ; head, thorax

and abdomen fuscous. Doubleday, I. ¢.

The male has a patch of brown hairs capable of erection at the

base of the hind wings on the upper surface. The apical angle

of the fore wings and the anal angle of the hind wings is much

more rounded than in the Odana; the body is also much less

robust. The branches of the post-costal vein of the fore wings in

this species are of the same number and almost identical in their

arrangement with those of 7’h. Odana.

Sp. 3. Lhaumantis Ramdeo, Moore, MSS.

This species, or perhaps more properly local variety, is closely

allied to Th. Diores, differing from the typical specimens of that

species ‘in being somewhat larger and in having the brilliant

blue patch very large (being an inch in diameter either way), and

which extends over the whole of the middle of the wings. The

under side is paler than in Diores, and the wavy line running near

the exterior margins of the wings in Diores, is nearly obsolete in

Th. Ramdeo, and the two ocelli on the hind wings are very small.”

Habitat Darjeeling, Upper India.

Expansion of the fore wings of the male 4 inches, of the female

4? inches.

Sp. 4. Morpho Klugius, Zinken-Sommer.

Th. alis maris disco atro-ceruleis fulgidis, striga tenui antica

albida lineaque undata subapicali pallidiori. Mas.

Expans. alar. antic. unc. 34.

Syn. Thaumantis Klugius, Zinken-Sommer in Nova Acta, xv. p.

165, pl. 15, f. 11 (male only); Doubl., Westw. and

Hewits., Gen, D. Lep. p. 337.

Habitat in Insula Java.

of Butterflies related to the Genus Morpho. 173

** Beide Fliigel des Mannes sind oben braunschwarz, und mit

Ausnahme des Vorder und Hinterrandes, welche matt sind, von

dem lebhaftesten schwarzblau schillernden Glanze; itbrigens

einen kleinen weisslichen Fleck am Vorderrande nahe vor der

Spitze ausgenommen, ohne alle weitere Zeichnung. Unten sind

alle Fliigel dunke] kastanienbraun gefarbt ; vor dem Hinterrande

beider lauft eine blauweiss bestaubte, inwendig gerade, auswendig

klein-gezahnte Binde herum; hinter welcher der Rang braunlich

ist. Die Wurzel ist ungleich blauweiss bestaéubt, und dadurch hell

und dunkel streifig gescheckt. Am Manne sind diese Streifen kaum

bemerkbar. Ausserdem zeiht noch auf den Vorderflugeln, gerade

auf der Stelle wo beidem Weibe [of Odana] oben die blaue Binde

liegt, hier bei beiden Geschlechtern eine weiss Binde quer iiber,

welche mit einem gegen die Wurzel gekrummtem, kleinen Haken

auf die vorletaten oder sich endigt; und auf den Hinterflugeln

liegen dicht hinter der weisslichen Randbinde zwei am Manne

kleinere—schwarze zunachst, mit einem schwefelgelben und dann

mit einem schwarzen Ringe umzogene Augenflecke, einer im

Vorderwinkel, der andere in einiger Entfernung vom Innen-

winkel,”—Zinken-Sommer, I. c.

The male of this species described by Zinken-Sommer was

regarded by him as the male of his Morpho Klugius, the female

of which is the 7’. Odana. It is however perfectly distinct, and is

much nearer to the species next described under the name of ©

Thaumantis Lucipor.

Sp. 5. Thaumantis Lucipor, Westw.

(Pl. 19, fig. 1, la, male; fig. 2, 2a, female.)

Mas.—Tnh. alis rotundatis supra nigris, apice fuscescentibus disco

omnium nitidissime violascenti-ceruleo; alis infra fuscis

purpureo parum tinctis ; anticis striga oblique recta e medio

coste fere ad angulum analem extensa, parum lilacina;

limbo communi pallidiori et e disco striga obscuriori sepa-

rato; puncto luteo versus apicem marginis costalis posti-

carum ocelloque parvo pone medium versus angulum analem

nigro, semicirculo albo circuloque tenui nigro; antennis

ferrugineis.

Foem.—Miulto pallidior, colore czruleo vix ultra medium

alarum omnium extenso, fascia tenui obliqua media anticarum

subalbida alteraque undata submarginali in alis posticis minus

obvia, lut scenti.

174. Mr. J. O. Westwood on the Oriental Species

Syn. Thaumantis Lucipor, Westw. in Doubl., Westw., and

Hewits., Gen. D.Lep. p. 337.

Expans. alarum maris unc. 34, foem. une. 4.

Habitat Borneo (Sarawak), D. Wallace.

In Mus. Brit., Saunders, Wallace.

The male has the wings above black-brown, glossed with

intense purple blue, most conspicuous on the anterior pair; at

about one-sixth of the length of the wings from the tip is a

minute pale dot scarcely visible, the outer margin of the wings

from this dot to the anal angle being of an uniform brown colour,

the dark glossed part terminating in a series of waves.

The female is of a much paler brown on the upper side, and the

blue much less intense in its gloss ; it extends also only to about

half the length of the wings, being bounded in the fore wings by

an oblique whitish line, extending from near the middle of the

costa towards the anal angle ; near the apical angle are two luteous

spots, followed by a waved line, extending to the anal angle; the

hind wings with a‘waved dark brown subapical line, the space

within which is rather paler.

On the under side the male has the wings of a dark rich

brown and the females of a paler brown. ‘There is an oblique

pale bar running across the middle of the wing, recurved at its

lower extremity, so that it does not unite with the lower extremity

of the wide dark obconical inner boundary of the broad pale apical

margin, through which runs a slender dark waved line (almost

obliterated in the male); there are also some patches of pale

scales (most conspicuous in the female) within the discoidal cell,

indicating rudimental fasciz. The hind wings are also traversed

a little before the middle by a nearly straight dark line, edged on

its outer margin with pale scales, and which unites near the anal

angle with the wide dark obconical inner boundary of the wide

pale apical margin, through which also runs a deeply waved dusky

line, between which and the dark inner boundary there is a thick

sprinkling of pinkish scales, Within this dark boundary line are

also two black ocelli, slightly powdered with blue scales above,

and surmounted by pale yellow crescents. The basal portion of

the hind wings is also powdered with patches of pale scales, in-

dicating several dark rudimental fasciz.

The four branches of the post-costal vein are arranged nearly

as in Th. Odana(pl. 19, fig. 1 c), and the male has a double patch

of black hairs at the base on the upper side (fig. 1 6).

of Butterflies related to the Genus Morpho. 175

Sp. 6. Thaumantis Noureddin, Westw.

(Pl. 20, fig. 1, 1a, male; fig. 2, 2 a, female.)

Mas.—Th,. alis anticis sub apicem parum angulatis, anguloque

anali posticarum in caudam brevem Jatam subpreductis ; alis

omnibus supra fuscis margine apicali paullo pallidiori, disco

omnium purpureo vix tincto, singula posticarum fasciculis

duobus pilorun nigrorum instructa; infra castaneo-fuscis,

fascia communi submarginali magis castanea, posticis ocellis

duobus, magnitudine fere zqualibus, semicirculo albo circu-

loque nigro circumcinctis.

Femine.—Supra pallidior, tertia parte basali alarum ceruleo-

tincta; anticis fascia abbreviata valde obliqua pone medium

alarum strigaque submarginali macularum lutearum; subtus

fascia tenui albida obliqua intus, versus angulum analem,

recurva et e fascia tenui recta subapicali distincta,

Expans. alarum maris une. 32; foemine une, 44.

Syn. Thaumantis Noureddin, Westw., in Gen. Diurn. Lep.

p- 337 3.

Habitat in Malacca, D. Wallace. India? in Brit. Mus.

The angulated apex of the fore wings, and the produced anal

angle of the hind wings, distinguishes this insect from all the other

species of the genus, The male has the upper surface of the

wings of an intense dark blackish purple, with the outer limb paler

brown, a few fulvous scales forming a small spot near the costa

at about one-sixth of the length of the wing from its extremity ;

the hind wing is unspotted,

The upper surface of the wings of the female is much paler

than in the male, with a rich but paler blue gloss not extending

beyond the basal half of the wing ; near the middle of the costa

arises a very oblique abbreviated buff fascia, and parallel with the

apical margin is a row of small oval dark buff dots; the hind

wings are unspotted. On the under side the fore wings in the

female are marked by a conspicuous pale buff oblique narrow

fascia running from near the middle of the costa towards the anal

angle, near which it is waved and recurved, not joining the slender

pale buff nearly straight submarginal line; within the discoidal

cell are several small patches of luteous scales, obsoletely in-

dicating fasciz. In the male the central oblique fascia of the

female is indicated only by a slightly paler tint in the correspond-

ing part of the wing. The hind wings have a pale slender striga

running from within the outer angle to within the anal angle,

which is outwardly marked with a pale and a black spot; across

176 Mr. J. O. Westwood on the Oriental Species

the middle of the wing is a broad slightly darker fascia extending

outwardly to the extremity of the discoidal cell.

The branches of the post-costal vein are arranged as in Th,

Lucipor (pl. 20, fig. 2 6).

Sp. 7. Thaumantis Aliris, Westw.

(P1. 17, upper and under side of the female.)

Th. alis anticis supra fuscis basi magis ferrugineis, fascia obliqua

media maculisque duabus subapicalibus albis, posticis fuscis

dimidio externo plus minusve fulvis; subtus omnibus basi

griseis lituris brunneis, fascia obliqua lata irregulari brunnea,

anticis fascia obliqua alba paginz superioris, linea pallida

margine apicali paralella adjecta, posticis ocellis duabus

magnis equalibus pone medium apicibusque late fulvis.

Mas et foem.

Expans. alar. maris circ. unc. 5; foem. une. 6}.

Habitat in insulis Borneo et Malacca, D. Wallace. Mas in

Mus. Wallace; foem. in Mus. Hopeiano, Oxoniz (olim

nostr.).

Of this noble species I have only seen a single pair,—the male

in the collection of Mr. Wallace, collected by himself in Malacca ;

ind the female now in the Hopeian Collection of the University

»f Oxford, which I lately obtained at a sale by auction at Mr.

3tevens’s Rooms. It is the female which is‘represented in plate

17. The male is considerably smaller, with the oblique fascia

f the upper side of the fore wings about half the width of that

»f the female, and with two white spots near the tip of the fore

wings, which are considerably suffused with ferruginous at the

base; such is also the colour of the base of the hind wings,

which is gradually shaded off to a rich fulvous colour; there is,

however, a broad dark longitudinal patch extending to the outer

margin of the wing, occupying the space between the second and

third branches of the post-costal vein. On the under side the

markings agree in the two sexes, except that the oblique bar of

the fore wings is even rather narrower than on the upper side,

and the great ocelli are also much less conspicuous than in the

female. The middle of both fore and hind wings is occupied with

a broad irregular chocolate-ferruginous bar, The post-costal

vein of the fore wings emits four branches. The first branch

arises at some distance before the extremity of the discoidal cell,

and joins the costal vein before the juncture of the latter with the

costa, being again emitted from below the extremity of the costal

of Butterflies related to the Genus Morpho. 177

vein, and after running a short distance joining the costa; the

base of the second branch of the post-costal vein forms a short

transverse veinlet between the end of the costal vein and the end

of the first branch of the post-costal, its extremity being again

emitted from the end of the first branch and uniting with the costa

at a short distance beyond it; the third and fourth branches of

the post-costal vein are free. The structure is, in fact, identical

with that of the veins in Th. Lucipor, male, represented in

plate 19, fig. 1c, except that the lower disco-cellular connecting

veinlet forms a much stronger arch towards the base of the wing.

In the female, the second branch of the post-costal vein (plate

17, fig. 26) slightly coalesces with the outer portion of the

first branch, 2a, (more closely, indeed, than is represented in the

space between the } and the letters 2.a,) thus proving most satis-

factorily the real nature of these apparently supplemental branches

of the costal vein.

This beautiful species is dedicated to Aliris, the youthful poet-

king of Bucharia, whose love for Lalla Rookh, under his minstrel

name of Feramorz, has been so charmingly told by one of the

most delicious of modern poets.

Sp. 8. Thaumantis Camadeva, Westw.

Th. alis anticis supra albis, plumbeo-czruleo tinctis, basi brun-

neis, fascia submarginali macularum alteraque lunularum

fuscis ; alis posticis fuscis, basi brunneis, fascia lunularum

plumbeo-albarum pone medium; alis infra basi albidis, api-

cibus fulvis, fascia lata communi fulva utrinque linea nigra

cincta ante medium alarum ocellisque 5 (in singula ala) rubris

iride nigra, pone medium strigisque duabus submarginalibus

pallide fuscis.

Expans. alar. antic. unc. 43.

Syn. Morpho (Thaumantis) Camadeva, Westw., Cab. of Orient.

Entomol. p. 9, pl. 4, f. 12; Doubl., Westw. and Hewits.,

Gen. D. Lep. pl. 55, f. 2, p. 337.

Habitat Himalaya, Sylhet.

In Mus. Brit., Hop. (Oxon. olim nostr.), &c.

This beautiful species, from its exquisite beauty, is dedicated

to the Indian God of Love—Camadeva. (See Sir Wm. Jones.)

The general appearance of the two sexes is nearly identical.

The male has a tuft of hairs at the base of the hind wings on the

upper side. The post-costal vein has only three branches; the

first arising before the extremity of the discoidal cell; the second

VOL. IV. N.S. PT. VI.—JAN. 1858. N

178 Mr. J. O. Westwood on the Oriental Species

rather before the junction of the first branch with the costa; and

the third slightly in advance of the row of ocelli; the terminal

part of the post-costal vein being more oblique than usual.

Sp. 9. Thaumantis Homqua, Westw.

(Pl. 18, fig, 2, 2a.)

Th. alis supra fulvis, omnium serie subapicali lunularum nigra-

rum valde curvata, maculis hastiformibus nigris, in alis pos-

ticis majoribus, antice adjectis; alis infra luteo-fulvis, strigis

duabus obliquis irregulariter sinuatis, lma ante et 2nda pone

medium alarum anticarum, et ante et per medium postica-

rum extensis, externa e costa fere ad angulum analem ducta

ubi recurvata ; nubila recta obliqua fusca submedia ad angu-

lum analem extensa, macula grisea terminata; alis anticis

ocellis tribus, posticis quinque rufis, pupilla alba iride tenui

nigra strigisque duabus parallelis vix angulatis prope mar-

ginem apicalem. (Mas et foem.)

Expans. alar. antic. une. 5.

Habitat Shanghai, China. (D. Fortune.)

In Mus. Britann., Hop. Oxon., &c.

Syn. Thaumantis Honwqua, Westw. in Trans, Ent. Soe.

Like the Camadeva, this insect has only three branches to the

post-costal vein of the fore wings (pl. 18, fig. 2 a, 2 6, 2c). The

sexes also agree in their general appearance.

Sp. 10. T’haumantis Nourmahal, Westw.

(PI. 18, fig. 1, 1 a, female.)

Th, alis supra castaneo-fuscis, anticis fascia latissima fulv:

obliqua, pone medium ad marginem et angulum analem ex:

tensa, serie communi submarginali literarum V_ fuscarum

alteraque lunularum ejusdem coloris, puncto albo subapical

anticarum: alis infra badio-fulvis, fasciis duabus angusti

fere rectis virescenti-argenteis obliquis, }ma per mediun:

cellulaze discoidalis extensa, 2nda fere e medio cost ad

angulum analem currente, singula intus linea nigra margi-

nata; margine externo lato pallidiori, in quo ocelli 2 ferru-

gineo-fulvi in alis anticis, 3 in posticis, singulo puncto medio

lunulari albo notato; lineis duabus valde flexuosis et den-

tatis nigris submarginalibus maculaque nigra lilacino param

irrorata in angulo anali. (Foem.)

' of Butterflies related to the Genus Morpho. me

Syn. Thaumantis Nourmahal, Westw. in Doubl., Westw. and

Hewits., Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 337.

Expans. alar. maris unc. 33; foem. unc. 44.

Habitatin India Orientali.

In Mus. East Ind. Comp., Saunders et Mus. Brit.

The description published by me in the ‘* Genera of Diurnal

Lepidoptera,” was made from a female at that time unique in the

collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., President of our So-

ciety. The East India Company has, however, subsequently

received both sexes from India. The male differs from the

female, as I am informed by Mr. F. Moore, merely in wanting

the white subapical spot near the extremity of the fore wings.

On the upper side the wings are of a rich chesnut brown

colour, the fore ones having a very broad oblique fulvous fascia,

extending from the costa to the apical margin and anal angle ;

the tip of the wings being dark brown, with a small white suba-

pical spot in the female. There is also a series of submarginal

brown V-shaped marks, and another of brown lunules in all the

‘wings. Beneath the colour is paler, with a broad oblique sub-

central fascia, edged with a slender black slightly irregular line

on each side, the one nearest the base being internally, and the

outer one externally edged with a line of pale silvery greyish green

scales. The discoidal cell in the fore wings is closed by black

veins, but in the hind wings the outer black striga forms its ter-

mination. The fore wings have also five ocelli, and the hind

ones three, in the alternate spaces between the veins, the inter-

vening spaces being marked by paler dots, indicating obsolete

ocelli, Near the apex of the wings are two slender dentated

black lines, ending at the anal angle in a black dot, slightly suffused

with lilac scales.

As in the two preceding species, the fore wings have only three

branches, arising from the post-costal vein of the fore wings.

(Pl. 18, fig. 2a, 2 b, 2 c.)

The charming play of colour on the underside of the wings of

this species has suggested the specific name of Nourmahal, ‘* The

Light of the Harem” of Jehanguire, renowned for

‘* Loveliness, ever in motion, which plays

Like the light upon Autumn’s soft shadowy days:

Now here and now there giving warmth as it flies,

Now melting in mist and now breaking in gleams,”— Moore’s Lalla Rookh,

nN 2

180 Mr. J. O. Westwood on the Oriental Species

Genus Drusi.ia, Swainson.

Hyades, Boisduval.

Morpho, p., Zinken-Sommer.

Tenares, Hiibner (Verzeichniss.)

These insects differ chiefly from Thaumantis in the more

elongated form of the fore wings; the existence of four free

branches of the post-costal vein of the fore wings, the second,

third, and fourth of which arise far beyond the extremity of the

discoidal cell; the very large and striking eye-like spots with

which the hind wings are ornamented ; and the general dull colour-

ing of the insects.

Sp. 1. Drusilla Urania, Linn.

Alis oblongis integerrimis fuscescentibus, disco plus minusve

albidis seu oe posticis ocellis utrinque binis externo supra

fere obsoleto.

Expans. alar. antic. circ. unc. 43.

Syn. Papilio Urania, Linneus, Syst. Nat. Ed. x. p. 446, No. 48;

Mus, Lud. Ulr, p. 225; Syst. Nat. ii. p. 756; Fabri-

cius, Ent. Syst. iii. pt. 1, p. 166, No. 512.

Papilio Jairus, Fabricius, Gen. Ins. Mant. p. 258; Ent.

Syst, iil. pt. 1, p. 54, No. 168; Cramer, Pap. pl. 6, fig.

A. B., pl. 185, fig. A. B. C.; Godart, Enc. M. ix. p.

445 (Morpho J.); Boisduval, Voy. de |’Astrolabe,

Entomol, pt. 1, p. 157 ; Donovan, Ins. of China, pl. 33,

fig, 1,2.

Oreas dubia Jaira, Hiibner, Samm]. Ex. Schm. Bd. pl.

Tenaris Nysa, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Schm. n. 493.

Papilio Cassie, Clerck, Icones, f. 29, f. 3.

Habitat in Amboyna, Rawak, New Guinea.

The following is the Linnean definition published in the

Museum Regine Ludovice Ulrice.

Papilio alis oblongis integerrimis fuscescentibus disco albis,

posticis ocellis utrinque binis. Corpus secunde magnitudinis.

Alz primores utrinque fuscee, discus albidus immaculatus.

Postice utrinque fuscze disco albido, ocelli 2 grandes flavi

iride nigro cerulescente cincti nigredine, pupilla alba minima ;

horum alter ad marginem anteriorem, alter vero fere in disci

medio.

Fabricius simply took up the species Urania from the writings

of Linnzeus as above referred to, placing it among his Heliconii,

not being aware of its identity with his Papilio Jairus, which he

had placed among his Festivi, with the following description:

of Butterflies related to the Genus Morpho. 181

“Magnus. Alz omnes integerrime fuscz, anticis fascia fere

obsoleta, posticis disco albidis. Ocellus magnus coeruleus, iride

flava pupillaque alba alarum posticarum et subtus duo ejusdem

coloris, quorum posteriori interdum ocellis minor pupillatus

adnatus.”

There is considerable diversity in the pale shade of the fascia

of the fore wings, and hence Clerk’s figure has a much greater

extent of white than Donovan’s or Cramer’s. Cramer’s figure also

in his plate 6 exhibits a variety with a minute ocellus, joining to

the large discoidal one as described by Fabricius.

Sp. 2. Drusilla Horsfieldit, Swains.

Alis anticis elongatis fuscescentibus, margine interno sinuato ;

posticis interne albis, supra ocello unico, subtus duobus, me-

diocribus.

Expans. alar. fere unc. 33.

Syn. Drusilla Horsfieldii, Swainson, Zool. Illustr. 1st Series,

t.11; Doubl., Westw. and Hewits. Gen. D. Lep. pl.

54, f. 4, p. 335.

Hyades Horsfieldii, Boisduval, Spec. Gen. Ins. Lep. pl.

133(9°8.), f.'T:

Morpho Urania, Zinken-Sommer in Nova Acta, xv. p.

167, nec Linnzeus.

Habitat in Insula Java.

Sp. 3. Drusilla Catops, Boisd.

D. alis albis, anticarum costa apiceque late fuscis, posticis albis

basi paliide fulvescenti, angulo externo fusco ocellisque

duobus pagine inferze supra parum distinctis.

Hyades Catops, Boisd. MS.

Drusilla Catops, Doubl., Westw. and Hewits, Gen. D. Lep.

p- 335.

Habitat New Ireland.

Sp. 4. Drusilla Selene, Boisd.

D. Uranie major et multo pallidior; alis anticis foeminze albo

magis distincto, ocellisque posticarum maximis et supra

distinctis.

Hyades Selene, Boisd., MS.

Drusilla Selene, Doubl., Westw. and Hewits., Gen. D. Lep.

p- 335,

Habitat New Guinea.

182 Mr. J. O. Westwood on the Oriental Species

Sp. 5. Drusilla Phorcas, Westw.

(Pl. 21, fig. 1.)

D. alis rotundato-oblongis integerrimis fuscis, omnibus plaga

magna subovali alba ex angulo anali ultra ramos vene dis-

coidalis extensa, posticis supra ocello unico, subtus duobus ;

externo lunula pallida supra instructo.

Expans. alar. antic. unc. 44.

Habitat ———? Dom. McGillivray. In Mus. Britann.

On the upper side the hind wings have the outer angle wholly

brown, without any trace of the ocellus ; the white patch is rather

larger and the outer brown ring of the anal ocellus is replaced by

a very few brown scales.

Beneath, the white patch of the fore wings extends into the

space between the third branch of the discoidal vein and the lower

disco-cellular: such is also the case with the patch on the hind

wings ; but in these wings it is united with a white lunule sur-

mounting the outer ocellus.

The palpi are fulvous.

Sp. 6. Drusilla Mylecha, Westw.

D. alis niveis, omnium utrinque costa nigricanti, posticis subtus

oceilis duobus magnis zequalibus nigris pupilla minima alba

circulo latiori fulvo alteroque tenui nigro circumcinctis,

capite thoraceque subtus nigris, palpis fulvis, abdomine lu-

tescenti (mas et foem.)

Expans. alar. antic. une. 4.

Habitat in Insulis Louissiadis maris Indici (D. M‘Gillivray).

In Mus. Britann.

D. Mylecha, Westw., in Trans. Ent. Soc., vol. 1, n. 5, p. 175;

White in McGillivray’s Travels, pl. 4, figs. 3, 4.

Genus Crerome, Boisduval, MS.

Faunis, p., Hiibner.

Satyrus, p., Godart.

This is a genus of very plain-looking butterflies, which, although

united by Hubner and Godart with the Hipparchide, are most

nearly allied to Drusill1, agreeing therewith not only in the general

arrangement of the wing veins, (there being four free branches of

the post-costal vein of the fore wings,) but differing in the shorter

and more rounded wings, and in the more or less distinct strigee on

the under side. They are of comparatively small size, and have

much the appearance of species of Hipparchiide.

Two curious species, differing considerably from the types of

—

of Butterflies related to the Genus Morpho. 183

the genus which have been sent from the Eastern islands by Mr.

Wallace, are described below, as forming distinct subgenera.

Sp. 1. Clerome Arcesilaus, Fabricius.

Ol. alis integris supra fusco-ochraceis, immaculatis, subtus

fuscis, seu umbrino-fuscis, omnibus strigis tribus obscuri-

obus (prima interdum subobsoleta), serieque punctorum

flavorum.

Expans. alar. antic. unc. 21—23.

Habitat Siam, Java, Malacca, India, Sylhet.

Papilio (N.), Arcesilaus, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. 1, p. 153, No.

470; Donovan’s Ins. of India, pl. 39, fig 2, Edit. Westw.

p. 45 (Hipparchia? Arc.); Doubl., Westw. and Hew. Gen.

Diurn. Lep. pl. 54*, fig. 5 (Clerome Arc.); Latreille et

Godart, Enc. Méth. 9, p. 497; (nec Pap. Arcesilaus, Cramer,

pl. 294.)

Faunis Canens, Hiibner, Samml. Exot. Schm. v. 2, pl. 294.

Morpho Leonteus, Zinken in Nova Acta C. L. C. Nat. Curios.

vol. xv. pt. 1, p. 170, pl. xvi. fig. 14, 15.

The uniform colour of the upper side of the wings, united to

the minute and uniform size of the row of pale dots on the under

side, will suffice to distinguish this species from Cl. Eumeus.

Fabricius is silent as to the row of minute pale dots, but they are

represented in Donovan’s figure, as well as the sub-basal dark

striga.

Faunis Canens, Hubner, agrees entirely with Morpho Le-

onteus of Zinken; the two outer strige of the underside being

not very distinctly indicated, while the middle one is more suf-

fused ; the pale dot being very minute.

Specimens sent from Malacca by Mr. Wallace (about 23 inches

in expanse) differ in the richer red-brown colour of the upper

side of the wings, and in having the outer dark strigze obsolete on

the fore wings.

A specimen from Singapore, in the British Museum, about 23

inches in expanse, does not differ from Javanese individuals in the

same collection; whilst specimens from India and Sylhet, in the

same collection, and of the same size, have the upper surface

richer and redder fulvous than the Java specimens, and on the

underside the middle striga is more distinct, and much more

angulated, and the row of white dots small.

Sp. 2. Clerome Eumeus, Drury.

Cl. alis integris rufo-fuscis, anticis utrinque fascia lata obliqua

184 Mr. J. O. Westwood on the Oriental Species

fulva (apice ipso fusco), omnibus subtus strigis tribus sub-

zequidistantibus, gracilibus obscuris serieque communi punc-

torum alborum, pone medium alarum, magnitudine et

numero irregularibus.

Expans. alar. antic. cire. une. 8.

Habitat China (Drury); India (Mus. Hunter, teste Fabr.)

Syn. Papilio (Dan. Festiv.) Eumeus, Drury, Exot. Ins. vol. i.

pl. 2, f. 3, and vol. 2, App. (1773); ditto, Edit. Westw.

vol. 1, p. 5. (Hipparchia Eum.)

Papilio Eumea, Cramer, ii. p. 132, pl. 183, fig. c. D.

(1779).

Papilio (Nymph.) Gripus, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. 1, 149,

No. 457; Latreille et Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 497,

No. 70.

An old specimen in the Hopeian Collection, purchased from

that of Mr. Haworth, —by whom the attached label, with the loca-

lity ‘ China,” was written,—was, I have no doubt, one of the in-

dividuals described by Drury, with seven spots on each of the

hind wings, Drury’s figure representing a specimen with five spots

on each of the four wings; his description, however, indicates the

variation of five or seven spots.

Drury’s figure does not represent the sub-basal dark striga,

which is, indeed, almost obsolete on the fore wings, nor does he

represent the strigz on the hind wings.

Cramer’s insect from China is evidently identical with Drury’s,

although there is a difference in the intensity of the strige, of

which the subbasal one is also not represented by Cramer.

Fabricius described the species from the collection of Dr.

Hunter, and as a native of India. His description accords with

Drury’s figure. He describes the spots on the underside of the

hind wings as larger than those of the fore wings.

In the British Museum collection is a specimen from Hong

Kong 22 inches in expanse, rich brown above, with the oblique

fulvous subapical fascia of the fore wings more oblique, and with

the strigee of the hind wings nearly obsolete except the middle

one of the hind wings, and the spots are round, large, and whitish.

Larger specimens from Assam, and another from India, in the

Hopeian Collection at Oxford, and the British Museum, measure

four inches in expanse, and have the broad, oblique, fulvous fascia

of the fore wings but ill-defined, and gradually shaded off to the

darker ground colour of the wings. The three strige of the

underside are distinct: the outer one more angulated : the white

spots are of unequal size: the fifth in the fore wings, and the first

of Butterflies related to the G'enus Morpho. 185

in the hind wings, being the largest. If these large specimens

should prove to be more than a geographical variety, they may be

termed Clerome Assama, Westw.

Their right, however, to this distinction, and even the distinction

between this species and Cl. Arcesilaus, is rendered doubtful by a

specimen from Northern India, measuring 3} inches in expanse,

having the wings above of an uniform fulvous brown colour,

whilst on the under side they are similar to the above described

individuals from Northern India.

Sp. 3. Clerome Phaon, Erichson.

Ci. alis integerrimis rotundatis supra ochraceo-fuscis immacu-

latis, subtus umbrinis, inferioribus ocellis duobus magnis.

Expans. alar. antic. unc. 3.

Habitat in Insulis Lucon (Manillarum) et Borneo.

Syn. Drusilla Phaon, Erichson in Nova Acta Acad. C. L. C.

Nat. Curios. vol. xvi. suppl. tab. xx. (1.), fig. 1 and 2a,

p: 279 (401) ; Doubl., Westw. and Hewitson, Gen. D.

Lep. p. 337 (Morpho Ph.)

The figures given by Dr. Erichson exhibit, in addition to the

two large ocelli on the disc of the hind wings, a slender dark

curved line across all the wings at about one-fourth of the length

of the wing from the base; a second similar striga across the

middle of the wings ; a minute pale dot near the extremity of the

fore wings, and two fine slightly waved lines parallel to the outer

margin.

The two large ocelli on the under side of the hind wings at once

distinguishes this species from the preceding; whilst it gives it a

similarity to the typical species of Drusilla.

Mr. Wallace has sent a very small specimen from Singapore,

measuring not quite two inches in the expanse of the fore wings,

having the wings on the upper side of a rich reddish brown-ochre

colour, the under side being nearly identical, with the three strigze

distinct ; the sub-basal one rather undulated, the middle one simply

curved, and the outer one at a short distance from the outer

margin and much angulated. The ocelli have a row of small

dots; the first, second, fourth, and fifth are simply minute white

specks ; the third encircled with a small black ring, whilst the

sixth is a small ocellus. The spots on the hind wing are similar to

those in Cl. Stomphax, three minute white ones being interposed

between the two ocelli, which are not so large as in the Manilla

specimens. It will, doubtless, be considered that this individual

186 Mr. J.O. Westwood on the Oriental Species

is a local variety of Cl. Phaon, and not a distinct species. A male

specimen of Cl. Phaon, from Borneo, in the Collection of the East

India Company, measures two and a-half inches, and a female mea-

sures three inches in expanse ; the fore wings beneath have three

minute white dots near the apex, and the hind wings have two

large ocelli, that on the anal angle being the largest, the outer

circle being dull yellow, with three minute white dots between the

ocelli.

Sp. 4, Clerome Stomphax, Westw.

(Plate 21, figs. 3 and 4.)

Cl. alis integerrimis margine antico anticarum valde rotundato,

supra fusco-ochraceis, extus paullo obscurioribus ; infra fuscis,

anticis striola tenuissima angulata obscura subbasali, fascia

angusta alba obliqua pone medium, guttisque tribus luteis

subapicalibus ; posticis striolis tribus tenuibus fuscis equi-

distantibus, ocellis duobus punctisque tribus luteis inter-

mediis.

Expans. alar. antic. unc. 23.

Habitat in Borneo, Sarawak. D. Wallace. In Mus. Hewitson

and Saunders,

The white oblique fascia on the under side of the fore wings at

once distinguishes this insect from Cl. Phaon. The specimen

represented is a male.

Sp. 5. Clerome (Melanocyma) Faunula, Westw.

(Plate 21, fig. 2.)

Cl. alis anticis supra pallide-fuscis, posticis albidis, harum

dimidio interno fulvo, omnibus subhyalinis, strigis pagine

inferioris supra indistincte apparentibus in alis posticis, alis

subtus albis, dimidio interno posticarum fulvo, strigis 4

undulatis nigris. Foem.

Expans. alar. antic. unc. 33.

Habitat Singapore; Mount Ophir, Malacca. D. Wallace. In

Mus. Brit. et Wallace.

Thaumantis Faunula, Westwood in Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 334,

pl. 54, f. 1.

In the “ Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera” | arranged this singular

insect in the genus Thaumantis. The arrangement of the branches

of the veins of the fore wings is however unlike that of any of the

species of that genus, agreeing in the circumstance of the second

branch of the post- costal vein of the fore wings arising far beyond

the extremity of the discoidal cell, as well as in the shortness of

of Butterflies related to the Genus Morpho. 187

the wings, with Clerome, in which latter respect also it differs from

Drusilla. The fact however of its being entirely destitute of

ocelli is perhaps of sufficient importance to warrant its sub-generic

separaticn, in which case it may receive the name of Melanocyma.

Mr. Hewitson having represented the upper surface of the insect

on plate 54 of the “ Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera,” the far more

striking under surface is here only figured. The second branch of

the post-costal vein of the fore wings, arises at about three-fourths

of the length of the wings from the base opposite to the junction of

the costal vein with the costa, and the fourth branch opposite to the

junction of the extremity of the first branch with the costa. The

lower disco-cellular vein closing the discoidal cell is singularly

angulated, and the costal vein of the hind wings only extends to

the middle of the costal margin. Another peculiarity of the

species consists in the slight clothing of the wings, which enables

the black undulated markings of the under surface to be partially

seen from above.

The upper side of the fore wings is a pale brown, the lower

ones being buff, with the inner half of a rich fulvous colour.

Beneath the fore wings are still paler, being of a dirty white, the

inner half of the hind wings more richly fulvous, the’ black bars

form four irregular fascie independently of the submarginal line,

which is dilated in the middle of the hind wings. The specimen

in Mr. Wallace’s collection which I have examined is a female.

Sp. 6. Clerome (Xanthotenia) Busiris, Westw.

Ci. alis supra castaneo-fuscis, anticarum dimidio apicali fusco,

fascia recta obliqua flava punctoque subapicali albo; alis

subtus pallidioribus ; posticis strigis 4 valde undatis fuscis

ocellisque 8 magnitudine irregularibus.

Expans. alar. antic. unc, 3.

Habitat in Malacca. D. Wallace. In Mus, Britann. et

Wallace.

In the shortness and roundness of the fore wings, and in the upper

surface being destitute of ocelli, this insect agrees with the genus

Clerome, but differs in the broad oblique yellow fascia and subapical

white spot of the fore wings, as well as the more elongated form

of the hind wings and the insertion of the second branch of the

subcostal vein at a short distance beyond the extremity of the

discoidal cell, (opposite to the extremity of the costal vein, which

only reaches to the middle of the costa,) the third and fourth

branches of the post-costal vein of the fore wings rise a moderate

188 Mr. J. O. Westwood on the Oriental Species

distance apart; the lower disco-cellular vein of the fore wings

(closing the discoidal cell), although oblique, is nearly straight.

The palpi are much compressed, of moderate size, thickly clothed

with close adpressed hairs, the terminal joint distinct, slender,

acute at the tip, and raised to the level of the top of the crown of

the head. The antenne are long, gradually but slightly clavate,

the tip a little curved and acute; they are brown, the outer half

ferruginous. From all these characters I have no hesitation in re-

garding this insect as a distinct subgenus, to which I have applied

the name of Xanthotenia, in allusion to the yellow fascia of the

fore wings. The general colour of the wings above is rich but

dull chestnut-brown ; the hind wings immaculate ; the fore ones

with the outer half dark brown, with a moderately broad, nearly .

straight yellow fascia, extending from the middle of the costa

nearly to the outer margin (below the middle), and with a sub-

apical white dot. Beneath the wings are pale brown (w.thout

any chestnut tinge), the hind wings with four deeply scalloped,

slender brown strigee, the space between the second and third

being the widest, inclosing eight ocelli of unequal size, the second

and sixth from the costa being the largest ; they are thickly pow-

dered with grey scales, and are surrounded by a very narrow

yellow ring: the space between the third and fourth strige is

paler than the rest of the wing, and between the first and second

strigze is a short transverse dark line, being the vein closing the

discoidal cell. In the fore wings the discoidal cell is marked in

the middle with a very strong angulated brown slender line, and

between the white subapical dot and the extremity of the yellow

oblique fascia are two small nearly rudimental ocelli similar to

those of the hind wings.

I here take the opportunity of adding a figure and description

of a striking species of the genus Discophora, of which short

characters were published in the “ Genera of Diurnal Lepi-

doptera.”

Discophora Zal, Westw.

(Plate 21, figs. 5 and 6.)

D. alis anticis apice subfaleatis; posticis in medio marginis

postici anguloque anali angulatis; supra fulvis, anticarum

costa pallida, dimidioque apicali fusco triplici serie macu-

larum, serie interna alba, alis fulvis; posticis fulvis triplici

serie lunularum fuscarum nubilaque submarginali fusca :

of Butterflies related to the Genus Morpho. 189

alis subtus luteo-albidis striga tenui punctisque prope basin

fuscis, fascia parum distincta media obscuriori; ocellisque

duobus minimis pone medium notatis.

Expans. alar. antic. unc. 33.

Habitat in India Orientali. In Mus. Brit. et Saunders.

This species is remarkable for the somewhat falcate form of

the fore wings, and the angulated hind wings; the white colour

also of the innermost row of spots on the fore wings is charac-

teristic. In this pair of wings the ground colour is brown, the

spots being pale-coloured, but in the hind wings the spots are so

much increased in size as to constitute the ground colour of the

wings, reducing the separating dark parts to rows of obscure

lunules. The oblique vein which closes the discoidal cell is

curved at its base, and marked by a dark brown spot, with a dark

dot beneath it. - There is also a corresponding dark dot on the

discoidal cell of the hind wings, which is not closed by a disco-

cellular transverse vein. The four branches of the post-costal

vein are arranged nearly as in Thaumantis Lucipor ; the first and

second of these branches coalescing with the costal, but separated

from it beyond its extremity. The antennz are short, straight,

and but slightly clavate.

The very pale buff colour of the under side of the wings, with

the markings nearly obsolete, is also very characteristic.

190 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

XVI. Characters of undescribed Diptera in the Collection

of W. W. Saunders, Esq., F.RS., &c. By Francis

Waker, Esq., F.LS., &e.—( Continued.)

[Read 2nd February, 1857.]

Fam. 16. MUSCID.

Div. 1. CALYPTERZA.

Sub-fam. 1. Myopipes.

Species few in number.

SYNOPSIS.

* Proboscis bigeniculata.

+ Antennarum articulus 2"§ 3° longior. Myopa, Latr.

++ Antennarum articulus 2"§ 3° paullo brevior.

t Arista basalis. Dalmannia, Desv.; Stachynia, Macq.

t+ Arista subapicalis. Stylogaster, Macq.

** Proboscis basi geniculata. Zodion, Fabr.

Sub-fam. 2. TacuInipDEs.

The study of this family is very difficult, owing to the abund-

ance of’ species which it contains, and to the variety of characters

by which they are distinguished. The number of species may be

estimated at about 10,000, of which 1,000 are European. Spe-

cific descriptions of them are insufficient when they do not men-

tion all the parts of the structure which are subject to variation,

such as the following: The seta, and especially those of the

head; the frontalia; the face, whether inclined or vertical ; the

eyes; the antenne ; the form of the abdomen; the veins of the

wings, and especially the preebrachial vein. The species are all

parasitic on other insects, and almost every species has its pecu-

liar prey, and has a corresponding variation in structure, and

especially in the form of the antenne. The length of the second

joint of these organs should always be noticed, and the form of

the third joint, which varies according to the sex, and according

as the habit of the species varies, being the means which directs

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 191

it to its prey. The aperture on the inner side of this joint is very

distinct in the Echinomyie, and probably may be discovered in all

the species. The Echinomyie are the most highly developed

group in the sub-family, the second joint of the antennz having

in them its greatest length, and the third joint its greatest deve-

lopment. The following synopsis includes most of the genera of

Tachina, which is one of the seven groups into which this family

is divided in Ins. Brit. Dipt. vol. 2:—

* Ariste articulus 2" longus.

+ Antennarum articulus 2"8 3° non brevior.

+ Palpi thorace non breviores. Dejeania, Desv.

{{ Palpinon longissimi. Echinomyia, Dumeril.

++ Antennarum articulus 2"S 5° brevior.

{ Arista recta.

§ Palpi mediocres.

x Antennarum articulus 3"5 convexus. Jurinia, Desv.

x xX Antennarum articulus 3" linearis. Hystricia, Macq.

§ § Palpi breves, graciles.

x Facies non inclinata, nee nuda. Micropalpus, Macq.

x x Facies inclinata, nuda. <Aprotheca, Macq.

{{ Arista flexa.

§ Facies non inclinata.

x Epistoma non prominens.

— Palpi non extantes. Thryptocera, Desv.

—+—+ Palpiextantes. Hxopalpus, Macq.

x x Epistoma prominens. Gonystylum, Macq.

§§ Facies inclinata. Ilhgeria, Meig.

x x Ariste articulus 2° brevis. ©

+ Caput setis duabus longis erectis. Heplacephala, Macq.

Caput setis nullis longis erectis.

Corpus latum.

Antenne brevis. Trixa, Meig.

Antenne plus minusve longe.

Abdomen brevissimum. T'richophora, Macq.

Abdomen non brevissimum.

Palpi setis longis. Lasiopalpus, Macq.

Palpi setis nullis longis.

Antennarum articulus 3"8 2° non longior. Hystricephala,

Macq.

x x Antennarum articulus 3"8 2° vix duplo longior.

—- Oculi pubescentes. Nemorea, Macq.

+ + Oculi nudi.

an;

x on

X K met

x + 4

192 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

++ Abdomen metallicum. Chlorogaster, Macq.

++4+ Abdomen non metallicum. Cheetoprosopa, Macq.

x x x Antennarum articulus 3° 2° duplo longior,

—+ Palpi breves.

++ Frons setis triseriatim dispositis. Tritaxys, Macq.

++4+ Frons setis non triseriatim dispositis. Prosopocheeta,

Macq.

—+—+ Palpi sat longi. LExechopalpus, Macq.

x x x x Antennarum aarticulus 38% 2° triplo aut quadruplo

longior.

’ —+ Tibiee postice ciliate. Blepharipeza, Macq.

—+-—+ Tibiz postice nude.

++ Antennarum articulus 3"° convexus, Epicampocera, Macq.

++++ Antennarum articulus 3" linearis.

e~> Antenne epistoma non attingentes.

O » Facies non valde setosa. Belvosia, Desv.

OO: Facies valdesetosa. Polycheeta, Macq.

coco Antenne epistoma spissime attingentes. urigaster,

Macq.

tt Corpus plus minusve angustum.

§ Arista nuda.

x Antennarum articulus 3"° 2° sextus longior. Phorocera,

Macq.

x x Antennarum articulus 3"§ 2° triplo aut quadruplo longior.

— Antennarum articulus 3"8 2° quadruplo longior.

++ Frons fasciis nullis intermediis, Masicera, Macq.

«» Vena prebrachialis integra.

co» «o> Vena prebrachialis incompleta.

O Facies erecta. Roeselia, Meig.

OO Facies obliqua, Actia, Meig.

++++ Frons fasciis duabus intermediis. Heterometopia, Macq.

—+-+ Antennarum articulus 3" 2° triplo longior,

Tibiz posticz non ciliate. Lydella, Macq.

++4+ Tibiz postice ciliate. Blepharella, Macq.

x x Antennarum articulus 3" 2° non triplo aut non plus duplo

longior.

+ Antenne elongate.

++ Abdomen oviductu nullo elongato.

e~ Oculi nudi; abdominis segmenta setis nullis discalibus.

O Antennarum articulus 3" 2° multo longior.

| Frons setze minimee. Microtrichodes, Macq.

|| Frons sete non minime.

+ Frons prominens.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 193

O Antennarum articulus 3" 2° duplo longior. Lamprome-

topia, Macq.

OO Antennarum articulus 3° 2° plus duplo longior.

| Facies non inclinata. Frontina, Macq.

|| Facies inclinata.

= Vena transversa discalis ad vene discalis flexuram propior.

Metopia, Meig.

=== Vena transversa discalis ad venz discalis flexuram non

propior. Degeeria, Meig.

+-+ Frons non prominens. y

+ Abdomen ovatum ; frontis setze vix descendentes. Kodi-

gaster, Macq.

++ Abdomen ellipticum ; frontis setae usque ad faciei medium

descendentes.

+: Antennarum articuli 2° et 3% longitudine fere aqualis.

Platytainia, Macq.

+++: Antennarum articulus 3° 2° multolongior. Tachina, Fabr.

eo «o> Oculi pubescentes; corpus viride micans ; abdominis seg-

menta setis discalibus. Gymnocheta, Desv.

++++ Abdomen oviductu elongato corneo. Teretrophora, Macq.

—+--—+ Antenne breves.

x Caputlatum. Clytia, Desv.

x x Caput vix latum.

— Facies inclinata. Apodacra, Macq.

—- — Facies non inclinata.

++ Fascia frontalis linearis. Senotainia, Macq.

++++ Fascia frontalis non linearis. Miltogramma, Meig.

§ § Arista villosa aut tomentosa.

x Corpus sepissime flavescente-cinereum; maris fron’ peran-

gusta. Myobia, Macq.

x x Corpus nigrum, nitens; maris frons latiuscula.

— Ale spina costali.

++ Vena prebrachialis costalem attingens.

«» Abdomen hamulis duobus apicalibus. Labidigaster, Macq.

eo Abdomen hamulis nullis.

O Oviductus non prominens.

j Abdomen non longum.

+ Antennarum articulus 3"° 2° quintriplo longior. Lepto-

stylum, Macq.

++ Antennarum articulus 3%5 2° non quintriplo longior. Seri-

cocera, Macq.

++ +Antennarum articulus 3"° 2° triplo longior. Aporia, Macq.

|| Abdomen longum. Megistogaster, Macq.

VOL, IV. N.S. PT. VI.—JAN. 1858. )

194 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

+:OO Oviductus prominens. Uvramyia, Desv.

++++ Vena prebrachialis cubitalem attingens.

«> Vena prebrachialis cubitalem apicem versus attingens.

— Arista villosa; vena preebrachialis post flexuram arcuata.

Anthracia, Meig.

= Arista vix tomentosa; vena prebrachialis post flexuram

recta, Zryphora, Meig.

ca Vena prebrachialis cubitalem longe ab apice attingens.

O Facies perobliqua; vena prebrachialis post flexuram

subarcuata. Trichoprosopa, Macq,

OO Facies vix obliqua; vena prebrachialis post flexuram

recta. Scopolia, Desv.

—+—- Ale spina nulla costali. Melanophora, Meig.

§§§ Arista plumosa.

x Antennarum articulus 3"S 2° triplo longior.

+ Corpus ex parte pallidum. Ochopleurum, Macq.

+ —+ Corpus non pallidum. Zbenia, Macq.

x x Antennarum articulus 3"° 2° quadruplo longior. Tricho-

stylum, Macq.

The genera Exorista and Senometopia may be associated with

Eurigaster, Phorocera, and Masicera.

Most of the exotic genera are thus distributed geographically :-—

America.—Senotainia, Prosopocheta, Exopalpus, Trichoprosopa,

Gonystylum, Aporia, Ebenia, Trichophora, Cheetoprosopa, Micro-

trichodes.

Arrica.— Hoplacephala, Lamprometopia, Hystricephala.

Asta.—Ochropleurum, Blepharella.

Austratia.—Trichostylum, Heterometopia, Aprotheca, Tritaxys,

Exechopalpus, Polycheta, Chlorogaster, Teretrophora.

Genus Ecuinomyia, Dumeril.

Echinomyia furtosa.

Mas.—Nigricans, luteo-tomentosa, subtus pallide testacea, fron-

talibus piceis, oculis pubescentibus, palpis antennisque ru-

fescentibus, thorace vittis quatuor interruptis nigris, scutello

pedibusque rufescentibus, abdomine rubro, alis cinereis,

alulis testaceis.

Male.—Blackish, with luteous tomentum, pale testaceous be-

neath; head and thorax thickly beset with stout black bristles,

head clothed behind and beneath with pale yellow hairs ; frontalia

piceous, widening much towards the antenne ; a few stout bristles

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 195

on each side of the epistoma, which is prominent ; eyes pubescent ;

palpi clavate, reddish, antennze reddish, third joint convex above,

longer than the second arista, black, stout, longer than the third

joint; thorax with four slight interrupted black stripes; scutellum

reddish ; abdomen deep red, shining, armed with numerous black

spines; legs reddish; wings grey; veins black, prebrachial vein

forming a right angle at its flexure, straight from thence to its tip,

which is at some distance in front of the tip of the wing; discal

transverse vein undulating, parted by less than its length from

the border, and by hardly more than half its length from the

flexure at the prebrachial; alule testaceous.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Rio Grande.

OEE.

Echinomyia platymesa.

Fem.—Nigra, linearis, lurido-tomentosa, vix setosa, capite

aurato subtus argenteo, frontalibus atris, facialibus nigro-

lineatis, oculis nudis, scutello ferrugineo, pectore cano, abdo-

mine ferrugineo-rufo depresso, pedibus nigris non setosis,

femoribus fulvis, alis obscure fuscis apud marginem obscure

cinereis, alulis testaceis.

Female.—Body linear, with very few black bristles; head

gilded above, whitish silvery beneath, frontalia deep black, linear,

facialia on each side with a black line, which is dilated towards

the epistoma, the latter is slightly prominent; eyes bare; palpi

short ; antennz black, third joint rounded at the tip, much longer

than the second joint, arista much longer than the third joint;

thorax with lurid tomentum, scutellum ferruginous; pectus hoary ;

abdomen ferruginous, red, rather flat; legs black, not setose,

femora tawny; wings dark brown, irregularly dark grey along

the hind border; veins black, prebrachial vein forming an ob-

tuse angle at its flexure, slightly curved from thence to its tip,

which joins the costal at the tip of the wing; discal transverse

vein undulating, parted by less than half its length from the

border, and by rather more than half its length from the flexure

of the prebrachial vein; alulz testaceous.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 11 lines.

China.

TO,

Echinomyia stolida.

Mas.—Nig ra, crassa, cinereo-tomentosa, capite cervino antice

subtusque albido subtus tumido, frontalibus luteis, palpis al-

bidis, antennis rufescentibus, thorace subvittato, lateribus,

196 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

scutello pectoreque fulvis, abdomine rufescente-fulvo, vitta

nigra, maculis duabus dorsalibus trigonis cinereis, pedibus

fulvis, alis cinereis basi fulvis, alulis subcinereis fulvo-mar-

ginatis.

Male.—Black, very stout, with cinereous tomentum ; head

fawn colour above, whitish in front and beneath, with pale yellow-

ish hairs behind and beneath, somewhat tumid beneath; frontalia

pale Juteous, widening towards the antenne, bristles on each side

irregular ; facialia without bristles except towards the epistoma,

which is very prominent; palpi whitish ; antennz reddish, short,

third joint very convex above, not longer than the second ; arista

black, stout, short; thorax indistinctly striped, with numerous

long bristles on each side; sides, scutellum and pectus tawny ;

abdomen reddish tawny, with a black stripe and with two dorsal

triangular cinereous spots, armed with black spines, which are

mostly towards the tip; legs tawny; wings grey, tawny at the

base; veins black, tawny at the base and along the costa, pre-

brachial vein forming an acute angle at its flexure, near which it is

curved inward and is straight from thence to its tip, which joins

the costal at far in front of the tip of the wing; discal transverse

vein straight, parted by less than its length from the border and

by little more than half its length from the flexure of the preebra-

chial; alulz slightly greyish, with tawny borders.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

New South Wales.

NF se>

Genus Evricaster, Macq.

Eurigaster cuprescens.

Feem.—Nigra, lata, capite aurato, frontalibus atris, oculis pu-

bescentibus, palpis fulvis, antennis basi rufis, thorace vittis

quatuor scutelloque subcupreis, lateribus subauratis, pectore

nigro-cinereo, abdomine brevi-obconico subcupreo, fasciis

nigris, alis cinereis basi et apud costam fuscescentibus, alulis

luridis.

Female.—Black, broad; head with pale gilded tomentum,

frontalia deep black, widening towards the antenne, with bristles

along each side; facialia without bristles, except by the epis-

toma, which is slightly prominent ; eyes pubescent ; palpi short,

tawny ; antennez red towards the base, not reaching the epistoma ;

third joint linear, about four times the length of the second arista,

stout for one-fourth of the length, very much, longer than the

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 197

third joint; thorax with four stripes of slightly cupreous to-

mentum, sides slightly gilded ; scutellum slightly cupreous ; pectus

blackish cinereous ; abdomen short, obconical, slightly cupreous

above, with a black band on the hind border of each segment,

tip somewhat bristly ; wings grey, brownish at the base and along

most of the costa; veins black, prebrachial vein forming a very

obtuse angle at its flexure, very slightly curved from thence to

its tip, which joins the costal vein at some distance in front of the

tip of the wing; discal transverse vein curved inward near its

hind end, parted from the border by a little less than its own

length, and from the flexure of the preebrachial by a little more

than its own length; alule lurid.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Hindostan.

G7 j(ace G Eurigaster Tasmania.

Feem:—Nigra, robusta, capite aurato-testaceo subtus tumido,

frontalibus luteis, facialibus setosis, oculis pubescentibus,

antennis basi rufescentibus, thorace cinereo lineis quatuor

nigris, scutello ferrugineo, abdomine rufescente-nigro, apice

albido, alis subcinereis basi testaceis, alulis albis.

Female.—Black, stout; head testaceous, tumid beneath, with

gilded tomentum; frontalia dull luteous, widening towards the

antenne, the bristles descending to one-third of the length of the

face ; facialia with bristles along the whole length ; epistoma very

prominent ; eyes pubescent; antenne black, reddish at the base,

extending to the epistoma; third joint linear, six times the length

of the second; arista stout to its tip, rather shorter than the

third joint ; thorax with cinereous tomentum, which is interrupted

by four slender black lines; scutellum ferruginous; abdomen

reddish black, shining, pilose, and with several bristles, whitish

and shining at the tip; wings slightly greyish, testaceous at the

base; veins black; prebrachial vein forming an obtuse angle at

its flexure, very slightly curved inward from thence to its tip,

which joins the costal vein at some distance in front of the tip of

the wing; discal transverse vein hardly undulating, parted by

little more than half its length from the border, and by much

less than its length from the flexure of the preebrachial; alule

white.

Length of the body 43 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

Tasmania.

mE R i -

198 Mr. F. Walker's Characters of undescribed Diptera

Eurigaster? languida.

Feem.—Nigra, robusta, cinereo-tomentosa, capite albo, fronta-

libus atris, oculis nudis, palpis fulvis, antennis piceis, thorace

vittis quatuor nigris, scutello fulvo, abdomine ovato maculis

duabus lateralibus fulvis, alis cinereis, alulis albidis.

Female.—Black, stout, with cinereous tomentum, beset with

numerous bristles; vertex with a longer bristle on each side ;

head with white tomentum; frontalia deep black, linear, with two

rows of bristles which extend to about one-third of the length of

the face; facialia without bristles; epistoma not prominent ;

eyes bare; palpi tawny; antenne piceous, not reaching to the

epistoma; third joint linear, nearly thrice the length of the se-

cond; arista stout for about one-third of its length, much longer

than the third joint; thorax with four black stripes; scutellum

tawny; abdomen oval, a little longer than the thorax, with a

tawny spot on each side of the second segment, and with two

stout spines on its hind border, several stout spines towards the

tip; wings grey; veins black; prebrachial vein forming a right

angle at its flexure, curved from thence to its tip, which joins the

costal at far in front of the tip of the wing; discal transverse vein

almost straight, parted by less than its length from the border and

from the flexure of the preebrachial ; alulze whitish.

Length of the‘body 4 lines ; of the wings 7 lines,

Hindostan.

Genus Masicera, Macq.

Masicera longiuscula.

Mas.—Nigra, capite albo subtus cano-piloso, frontalibus atris,

oculis pubescentibus, palpis apice testaceis, thorace cano

lineis quatuor nigris, abdomine elongato obconico, maculis

lateralibus trigonis canis, alis subcinereis, alulis albis.

Male.—Black ; head with white tomentum, clothed behind and

beneath with hoary hairs; frontalia deep black, widening in front ;

facialia with bristles along the whole length, besides a few bristles

which extend from each side of the frontalia; epistoma not pro-

minent; eyes pubescent; palpi testaceous towards the tips ;

antennz wanting; thorax hoary, with four black lines; abdomen

elongate, obconical, much longer than the thorax, setose towards

the tip, with large triangular spots of hoary tomentum on each

side; wings slightly greyish; veins black; prabrachial vein

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 199

forming a nearly right angle at its flexure, near which it is

slightly inclined inward, and is thence straight to its tip, which

is near the tip of the cubital vein; discal transverse vein hardly

undulating ; parted by little more than half its length from the

border, and by less than its length from the flexure of the pre-

brachial ; alulz white.

Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 10 lines.

South America.

Masicera albescens.

Mas.—Nigra, cano-tomentosa, capite argenteo, frontalibus atris,

palpis testaceis, oculis nudis, antennis basi rufescentibus,

thorace vittis quatuor nigricantibus, abdomine obconico sub-

tessellato lateribus ferrugineis, alis subcinereis, venis testaceis,

alulis albis.

Male.—Black, with hoary tomentum; head with silvery white

tomentum, clothed behind with whitish hairs; frontalia deep

black, very slightly widening towards the antenne; bristles de-

scending from the front to nearly half the length of the face;

facialia with a few bristles on each side towards the epistoma,

which is not prominent; peristoma and palpi testaceous; eyes

bare; antennze reddish towards the base, almost reaching the

epistoma; third joint linear, full four times the length of the se-

cond; arista slender, very much longer than the third joint;

thorax with four indistinct blackish stripes ; abdomen obconical,

slightly tessellated with a few black spines towards the tip; sides

ferruginous ; wings greyish; veins testaceous ; preebrachial vein

forming an obtuse angle at its flexure, slightly curved inward

from thence to its tip, which joins the costal at some distance in

front of the tip of the wing; discal transverse vein undulating,

parted by a little more than half its length from the border and

from the flexure of the preebrachial ; alulz white.

Length of the body 43 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

Hindostan.

Masicera inclinans.

Fom.—Nigra, gracilis, cinereo-tomentosa, capite albo subtus

albo-tomentoso, frontalibus atris, oculis nudis, thorace vittis

quatuor nigris, abdomine longi-obconico fasciis tribus latis

apiceque nigris, pedibus longiusculis, alis fuscis longiusculis

sat angustis, apice margineque interiore cinereis, alulis

albidis.

200 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

Female.—Black, slender, beset with long bristles, with cine-

reous tomentum; head white in front, behind, and beneath,

clothed with white hairs beneath ; frontalia deep black, widening

towards the face, with two rows of bristles, which extend to one-

third of the length of the face ; facialia without bristles ; epistoma

not prominent ; eyes bare ; antennze extending to the epistoma ;

third joint linear, slender, about four times longer than the se-

cond; arista slender, very much longer than the third joint;

thorax with four black stripes; abdomen elongate-obconical,

much longer than the thorax, with three broad black bands,

which are dilated in front; tip black, shining ; legs rather long

and slender ; wings brown, rather long and narrow, grey towards

the tips and along the interior border; veins black ; praebrachial

vein forming an extremely obtuse angle at its flexure, from whence

it is almost straight to its tip, which joins the costal at a little in

front of the tip of the wing and very near the cubital; the latter

is slightly curved, parted by a little less than its length from the

flexure of the preebrachial, and by less than its length from the

border ; alulz whitish.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

South America.

Genus Trixa, Meig.

Trixa? sejuncta.

Foem.—Nigra, setosa, capite subtus cano, frontalibus striatis,

facie angusta subretracta, facialibus setosis, antennis rufe-

scentibus, articulo 3° piceo arista nigra crassa pubescente,

thorace vix vittato, abdomine longi-ovato tessellato, tibiis

ferrugineis, alis cinereis, venis fulvis apice nigris, alulis

albidis.

Female.—Black, setose ; head hoary beneath ; frontalia striated,

linear, with a row of bristles along each side; face narrow,

slightly retracted; facialia with bristles along two-thirds of the

length from the epistoma, which is not prominent; eyes bare;

proboscis ferruginous ; antennz reddish ; third joint piceous,

elongate-obconical, not longer than the second; arista black,

stout, pubescent, rather longer than the third joint; thorax in-

distinctly striped; abdomen elongate-oval, tessellated, spinose ;

tibie ferruginous; wings grey; veins tawny, black towards the

tips ; praebrachial vein emitting a rather long branch and form-

ing an obtuse angle at its flexure, slightly curved between that

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 201

and its tip, which ends at rather far in front of the tip of the wing ;

discal transverse vein slightly undulating, parted by less than its

length from the border and by little more than half its length

from the flexure of the prebrachial ; alule whitish.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 11 lines,

Cape.

Genus Gonta, Meig.

Gonia cestroides.

Foem.— Nigra, capite testaceo albido-tomentoso, frontalibus

pallidé luteis, antennis nigris, articulo 2° rufescente, thorace

cinereo subvittato, callis humeralibus scutelloque fulvis, ab-

domine rufescente, vitta dorsali nigra, alis limpidis, venis

testaceis apice nigris, alulis albis.

Female.—Black ; head testaceous, with shining whitish tomen-

tum; frontalia pale Inteous, linear, with four rows of bristles

along each side; facialia with bristles along more than half the

length from the epistoma, which is slightly prominent ; antennz

black; second joint reddish; third with hoary tomentum, reach-

ing the epistoma; thorax with cinereous tomentum, indistinctly

striped; humeral calli and scutellum tawny; abdomen reddish,

with a black dorsal stripe ; wings limpid; veins testaceous, black

towards the tips; praebrachial vein hardly curved inward between

its flexure and its tip; discal transverse vein slightly undulating,

parted by more than its length from the border and by more

than half its length from the flexure of the prebrachial; alule

white.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 9 lines.

Hindostan.

Sub-fam. 3. Dexipes.

SYNOPSIS.

* Proboscis brevis.

+ Oviductus non elongatus.

+ Abdomen non petiolatum.

§ Venez prebrachialis et costalis conjuncte.

x Corpus latissimum.

—- Corpus metallicum. Ruétilia, Desv.

—+-+ Corpus non aut ex parte metallicum. Diaphania, Macq.

202 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

x x Corpus latiusculum.

—+ Antenne non longe. Chitogaster, Macq.

—+--—+ Antenne longe. Platytropesa, Macq.

x x x Corpus angustum aut vix latum.

—- Facies non sulcata.

++ Arista plumosa.

eo Antennarum articulus 3", 2° quadruplo longior. Scoti-

ptera, Macq.

«cor Antennarum articulus 3", 2° duplo aut triplo longior.

Dexia, Meig.

++++ Arista nuda aut tomentosa.

«» Facies valde obliqua; antenne brevissime.

O Abdomen ovatum. MMegaprosopus, Macq.

OO Abdomen cylindricum. Microphthalma, Macq.

eco Facies sat obliqua. Gnadocheeta, Macq.

worxoxo Facies non obliqua; antenne sat longe.

O Corpus non metallicum. Gymnostylia, Macq.

OO Corpus metallicum. Graphostylum, Macq.

—-—+ Facies sulcata. Senostoma, Macq.

§§ Venz prebrachialis et cubitalis conjuncte. Dinera,

Desv.

{ Abdomen petiolatum, clavatum. Cordyligaster, Macq.

+ Oviductus elongatus. T'richodura, Macq.

* Proboscis eleueah. Prosena, St. Farg.

beers

ibeicrbthoiexas Macq. (type, Musca sinuata, Donov.), may be

united to Rutilia, and also Ptilostylum, Macq., of which genus

P. albomaculatum, Macq., seems to be identical with M. leonina,

Fabr.

Genus Dexia, Meig.

Dexia filipes.

Mas.—Fusca, gracilis, capite testaceo albo-tomentoso, palpis

subclavatis longiusculis, thorace cano, pectore scutello abdo-

mineque testaceis, apice nigro albo-tomentoso, pedibus testa-

ceis perlongis, femoribus testaceis, alis cinereis apud costam

subfuscentibus, alulis subtestaceis.

Male.—Brown, slender, with a few black bristles; head, pro-

boscis, palpi and antenne testaceous ; head with shining white

tomentum ; facialia without bristles; epistoma not prominent ;

eyes bare; palpi subclavate, rather long and slender ; third joint

of the antennz linear, slender, almost reaching the epistoma,

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 203

about four times the length of the second ; arista black, plumose ;

thorax with hoary tomentum; pectus and scutellum dull testa-

ceous ; abdomen testaceous, a little longer and more slender than

the thorax; tip black, with white tomentum; legs black, slender,

very long; femora, except the tips, knees and coxe, testaceous ;

wings grey, slightly brownish along the costa: veins black,

testaceous towards the base; przbrachial vein forming an ex-

tremely obtuse angle at its flexure, from whence it is very

slightly curved to its tip, which ends at very little in front of the

tip of the wing; discal transverse vein much curved inward near

its base, very slightly curved outward from thence to its tip,

parted by much less than its length from the border, and by a

little more than its length from the flexure of the preebrachial ;

alulz with a slight testaceous tinge.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Valley of the Amazon.

Dexia extrema.

Mas.—Nigra, subaurata, capite pectoreque albidis, palpis an-

tennisque testaceis, abdomine testaceo, apice nigro nitente,

pedibus sat longis, coxis femoribusque testaceis, alis cinereis,

basi costaque subtestaceis, costae apice venisque fusco-

nebulosis, venis testaceis apice nigris, alulis albidis testaceo-

marginatis.

Male.—Black, with slightly gilded tomentum and a few black

bristles; head whitish in front and beneath; facialia without

bristles ; epistoma not prominent; eyes bare; palpi testaceous ;

antenne testaceous ; third joint full twice the length of the second,

not extending beyond half the length of the face ; pectus whitish ;

abdomen testaceous, elongate-obconical, much longer than the

thorax, black and shining and with a few black spines at the tip;

legs slender, moderately long; coxee and femora testaceous; wings

grey, with a slight testaceous tinge at the base and along part of

the costa, clouded with brown towards the tip of the costa and

along the veins ; veins testaceous, black towards the tips; pree-

brachial vein forming a rounded and extremely oblique angle at

its flexure, straight from thence to its tip, which ends at some

little distance in front of the tip of the wing; discal transverse

vein straight, parted by little more than half its length from the

border and by rather less than its length from the flexure of the

prebrachial ; alulze whitish, with broad testaceous borders.

Length of the body 43 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

Valley of the Amazon.

204 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

—- \

Dexia? albicans. ~ |’

Mas.—Cano-tomentosa, capite subalbo, frontalibus ferrugineis,

palpis testaceis, antennis nigris, articulo 2° testaceo, thorace

abdomineque cinereo-trivittatis, abdomine subfusiformi, pedi-

bus robustis, alis vix subcinereis, venis testaceis apice nigris,

alulis albis.

Male.—Thickly covered with hoary tomentum; head almost

white, rather prominent; frontalia ferruginous, linear; facialia

without bristles; epistoma not prominent; eyes remote; palpi

testaceous ; antenne black, third joint not reaching the epistoma,

more than twice the length of the second, which is testaceous ;

thorax and abdomen with three slight cinereous stripes; abdomen

subfusiform, longer than the thorax; legs stout; wings hardly

greyish; veins testaceous, black towards the tips; prebrachial

vein forming an almost right angle at its flexure, near which it is

curved inward, straight from thence to its tip, which ends at

somewhat in front of the tip of the wing; discal transverse vein

nearly straight, parted by much less than its length from the

border and from the flexure of the przebrachial; alule white.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Valley of the Amazon.

This species may perhaps form a new genus on account of the

shape of its head and of its thick legs.

Dexia spinosa.

Mas.—Nigra, cinereo-tomentosa, capite testaceo albido tomentoso

antice subproducto et subcompresso, frontalibus ferrugineis,

palpis antennisque testaceis, thorace vittis tribus nigris,

pectore cano, abdomine testaceo oblanceolato, vitta dorsali

apiceque nigris, pedibus perlongis, femoribus testaceis, alis

fusco-cinereis, venis nigris, alulis cinereis testaceo-marginatis.

Male.—Black, with cinereous tomentum; head with whitish

tomentum, testaceous in front and beneath, slightly prominent

and compressed in front of the eyes; frontalia ferruginous,

widening in front, with a thick row of bristles on each side ;

face with a furrow along each side; facialia without bristles ;

epistoma not prominent ; eyes bare; proboscis rather long ;

palpi testaceous ; antenne testaceous ; third joint not near

reaching the epistoma, full twice the length of the second; thorax

with three black stripes; pectus hoary; abdomen testaceous,

oblanceolate, much longer than the thorax, with black spines,

which are mostly towards the tip; dorsal stripe and tip black ;

ick & Abe | bw

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 205

legs rather slender, very long ; femora testaceous, black towards

the tips; wings brownish grey; veins black; prebrachial vein

forming a somewhat rounded and very obtuse angle at its flexure,

straight from thence to its tip, which ends at a little in front of the

tip of the wing; discal transverse vein slightly undulating, parted

by half its length from the border and by less than its length

from the flexure of the preebrachial ; alule cinereous, with testa-

ceous borders.

Length of the body 53 lines; of the wings 9 lines.

Port Natal.

Genus Senostoma, Macq.

Senostoma ? punctum.

Fom.—Nigrum, validum, cano-tomentosum, capite ferrugineo

subtus albido, frontalibus nigricantibus, antennis rufescen-

tibus, articulo 3° nigro, thorace quadrivittato, abdomine ob-

conico subtessellato, pedibus longiusculis, alis subcinereis

nigro quinque punctatis, alulis albis.

Female.— Black, stout, with hoary tomentum; head ferruginous,

and with whitish tomentum beneath, where it is clothed with white

hairs; frontalia blackish, widening much in front; facialia with-

out bristles; epistoma not prominent; eyes bare; antennez red-

dish ; third joint black, a little longer than the second, hardly

extending beyond half the length of the face; arista black, plu-

mose; thorax with four very slight stripes ; abdomen obconical,

slightly tessellated, not longer than the thorax; legs rather long

and slender ; wings greyish, with four black points near the base ;

veins black ; veinlet between the cubital and the preebrachial veins

clouded with black ; preebrachial vein forming a right angle at its

flexure, near which it is curved inward, almost straight from

thence to its tip, which ends at somewhat in front of the tip of the

wing; discal transverse vein rather deeply undulating, parted by

half its length from the border and by very much less than its

length from the flexure of the prebrachial ; alulz white, large.

Length of the body 42 lines; of the wings 9 lines.

Australia and New South Wales.

“ ie Rae

Genus Corpyticaster, Macq.

Cordyligaster tipuliformis. =

Feem.—Nigra, pergracilis, cinereo-tomentosa, capite albido, fron-

talibus atris, palpis antennisque fulvis, thoracis vittis tribus

206 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

abbreviatis subauratis, abdomine ferrugineo compresso lon-

gissimo basi petiolato, fasciis duabus testaceis, pedibus testaceis

longis, femoribus nigro-fasciatis, coxis posticis et tarsis anticis

nigris, alis cinereis longis angustis, costa venisque lurido-mar-

ginatis, alulis albidis minimis.

Female.—Black, very slender, with pale shining cinereous

tomentum ; head whitish in front and beneath; frontalia deep

black, widening in front; face with a slight middle keel ; facialia

without bristles ; epistoma not prominent; eyes bare ; palpi and

antenne tawny; disk of the thorax and that of scutellum black

and shining, the former with three short pale gilded stripes in

front, abdomen ferruginous, compressed, petiolated towards the

base, more than thrice the length of the thorax; third and fourth

segments testaceous at the base; legs testaceous, long, slender ;

femora with black bands ; hind coxe and fore tarsi black; wings

grey, long and narrow, lurid along the costa and along the veins,

which are ferruginous; discal transverse vein emitting a very short

branch and forming a right angle at its flexure, straight from

thence to its tip, which ends at somewhat in front of the tip of the

wing; discal transverse vein very slightly undulating, parted by

much less than half its length from the border, and by about its

length from the flexure of the preebrachial ; alulz whitish, very

small ; halteres testaceous.

Length of the body 73 lines; of the wings 11 lines.

South America.

Sub-fam. 4. SARcOPHAGIDES.

SYNOPSIS.

* Vena prebrachialis extus flexuram arcuata.

+ Corpus latum; tibize posticae arcuate. Phrissopoda, Macq.

++ Corpus vix latum; tibize postice rectee aut subarcuate.

{ Corpus non metallicum.

§ Antennarum articulus 3", 2° triplo longior.

*x Abdominis segmentum 2"™ margine setoso. Sarcophaga

S & ophaga,

Meig.

x x Abdominis segmentum 2"™ margine non setoso,

—- Antenne non breves. Agria, Desv.

—+—+ Antenne breves. Microcerella, Macq.

§ § Antennarum articulus 3", 2° quadruplo longior. Déaugia,

Perty.

{{ Corpus metallicum, micans.

§ Caput non depressum.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 207

x Tarsi non arcuati. Cynomyia, Desv.

x x Tarsi arcuati. Toxotarsus, Macq.

§ § Caput depressum. Catapicephala, Macq.

** Vena prebrachialis extus flexuram recta. Onesia, Desv.

Genus Sarcopnaca, Meig.

Sarcophaga decedens.

Mas.—Nigra, capite subaurato subtus cano, facie albida, fronta-

libus atris, thoracis vittis abdominisque tessellis cinereis

subauratis, abdominis apice rufescente, alis snbcinereis, venis

nigris, alulis albis.

Male.—Black ; head with pale gilded tomentum ; hoary, and

with hoary hairs beneath; face whitish; frontalia deep black,

widening in front; the four stripes of the thorax, the border of the

scutellum, and the tessellated marks on the abdomen, cinereous,

very slightly gilded; tip of the abdomen ferruginous red ; wings

greyish ; veins black ; przbrachial vein emitting the usual

branch, and forming a right angle at its flexure, near which it is

curved inward, and is straight from thence to its tip; discal trans-

verse vein straight, parted by nearly its length from the border,

and by little more than half its length from the flexure of the

preebrachial; alulz white.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 73 lines.

Colombia.

Sarcophaga subsericans.

Mas.—Nigra, capite cano, facie alba, frontalibus atris, thoracis

vittis quatuor abdominisque maculis intermediis albidis, ab-

dominis maculis lateralibus subauratis, apice fulvo testaceo

tomentoso, alis subcinereis, venis nigris, alulis subcinereis

albo-marginatis.

Male,—Black ; head with hoary tomentum, white and shining in

front; frontalia deep black, widening in front, the four stripes

of the thorax, the borders of the scutellum and the two dorsal

rows of abdominal spots, whitish; the lateral abdominal spots

slightly gilded ; tip of the abdomen tawny, with pale testaceous

tomentum; wings greyish; veins black; prebrachial vein like

that of the preceding species ; discal transverse vein curved in-

ward near its base, parted by much less than its length from the

208 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

border, and from the flexure of the prebrachial ; alule slightly

cinereous, with white borders.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 63 lines.

South America.

Sarcophaga ? punctipennis.

Feem.—Nigra, cinereo-tomentosa, capite antice argenteo, thorace

vittis quatuor nigris, abdomine zneo-nigro, fasciis interruptis

albis, alis cinereis nigro-quadripunctatis, alulis albis.

Female.—Black, with cinereous tomentum; head silvery white

in front; thorax with four black stripes ; abdomen neous black,

somewhat short and depressed, with an interrupted white band on

the fore border of each segment ; wings grey ; veins black ; a black

dot on the veinlet between the cubital and the przebrachial, one at

each end of the discal transverse vein, and one on the flexure of

the preebrachial; preebrachial vein forming an acute but rounded

angle at its flexure, near which it is very much curved, almost

straight from thence to the tip, which ends at very far in front

of the tip of the wing; discal transverse vein curved near its

base, and forming an angle near its tip, parted by much more

than its length from the border and by much less that its length

from the flexure of the przbrachial ; alula white.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Colombia.

This species differs much from the other Sarcophage, but the

generic characters cannot easily be ascertained in the specimen

described.

Sarcophaga injuncta.

Feem.—Nigra, capite aurato, frontalibus atris, facie cinerea,

thorace vittis duabus dorsalibus canis duabusque lateralibus

auratis, pectore vittis duabus auratis, abdomine cyaneo-nigro

tessellis canis, apice fulvo, alis cinereis, venis nigris, alulis albis.

Female —Black ; head with deep gilded tomentum ; frontalia

deep black, a little narrower in front; face cinereous ; thorax with

two hoary dorsal stripes, and with a gilded stripe on each side ;

pectus with two gilded stripes ; abdomen bluish black, oval, not

longer than the thorax, tessellated as usual with hoary spots, but

Jess distinctly than in many species ; tip tawny ; wings grey ; veins

black ; prabrachial vein forming a right angle at its flexure, near

which it is much curved inward, and is thence straight to its tip;

discal transverse vein straight, except a slight curve near its base,

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 209

parted by much less than its length from the border, and by

hardly more than half its length from the flexure of the prabra-

chial; alulz white.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

Brazil.

Genus Cynomyia, Desv.

Cynomyia auriceps.

Feem.—Leete viridis, capite aurato antice testaceo, frontalibus

nigris, antennis fulvis, thorace vittis quatuor nigris, pedibus

nigris dense pilosis, alis cinereis basi obscure fuscis, venis

fusco-limbatis, alulis cinereis.

Female.—Bright green; head gilded, testaceous in front ;

frontalia black, linear ; epistoma rather prominent ; antenne

tawny ; arista black ; thorax with four black stripes ; legs black,

thickly pilose ; wings grey, dark brown at the base, brown along

the borders of the veins ; veins black; prebrachial vein forming a

right and somewhat rounded angle at its flexure, near which it is

very slightly curved inward, straight from thence to its end, which

is at a little in front of the tip of the wing; discal transverse

vein hardly undulating, parted by much less than half its length

from the border, and by hardly more than half its length from the

flexure of the prebrachial ; alulz cinereous.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 14 lines.

Quito.

Sub-fam. 5. Muscipes.

SYNOPSIS.

* Proboscis longa, gracilis.

+ Palpi proboscide non breviores. Glossina, Wied.

+ + Palpi proboscide breviores.

{ Arista plumosa.

§ Arista supra plumosa. Stomoxys, Geoff.

§ Arista supra subtusque plumosa. Pachymia, Macq.

t Arista nuda. Gigamyia, Macq.

* Proboscis brevis.

+ Corpus angustum; pedes longi. Apatemyia, Macq.

‘+++ Corpus non angustum ; pedes non longi.

¢ Facies carinata.

VOL, IV. N. S. PT. VI.— JAN. 1858. P

210 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

§ Arista pilis longis.

x Epistoma prominens.

— Corpus latum. Amenia, Desv.

+--+ Corpus elongatum. Silbomyia, Macq.

x x Epistoma non prominens. Bengalia, Desv.

§§ Arista pilis abbreviatis.

x Vena prebrachialis post flexuram recta. Diaphania, Macq.

x x Vena prebrachialis post flexuram arcuata. Amphiboiia, |

Macq.

++ Facies non carinata.

§ Frons elongata.

x Epistoma valde prominens.

—- Arista supra plumosa. Jdia, Meig.

—+ + Arista tomentosa. Rhynchomyia, Desv.

x x Epistoma non valde prominens.

+ Vena prebrachialis post flexuram valde retracta.

++ Tibiz postice ciliate. Blepharicnema, Macq.

+++ Tibiz postice non ciliate.

Thorax non tomentosus.

O Antennarumarticulus 3°° 2° quadruplo longior.

— Epistoma vix prominens. Calliphora, Desv.

== Epistoma sat prominens.

+ Abdomen crassum. Ochromyia, Macq.

— + Abdomen depressum.

++ Vena prebrachialis concava. Lucilia, Desv.

Ono yee

+++: Vena prebrachialis convexa. Py#ellia, Desv.

OO Antennarum articulus 3" 2° triplo longior. Musca, Linn.

«» « Thorax tomentosus. Pollenia, Macq.

+ + Venz prebrachialis post flexuram subretracta.

*++ Corpus crassum. Mesembrina, Meig.

++++ Corpus non crassum. Morellia, Desv.

§§ Frons transversa. Achias, Fabr.

Genus Pacuymysa, Macq.

Pachymyia jactans. a

Feem.—Nigra, cano-tomentosa, capite albo, antice testaceo,

frontalibus pallidé luteis, antennis testaceis, abdominis late-

ribus_ basi rufo-fulvis, pedibus fulvis longiusculis, tarsis

nigris, alis subcinereis, alulis albis, halteribus testaceis.

Female.—Black, with hoary tomentum ; head with white shining

tomentum, testaceous in front and beneath ; frontalia linear, pale

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 211

luteous, with black bristles along each side; facialia without

bristles ; peristoma bordered with bristles; eyes bare; proboscis

black, about three-fourths of the length of the body, tawny to-

wards the base; antennz testaceous; abdomen oval, reddish

tawny on each side towards the base; legs tawny, rather long ;

tarsi black; wings greyish; veins black, testaceous towards the

base, prebrachial vein forming an almost right angle at its

flexure, hardly curved from thence to its tip, which ends at

somewhat in front of the tip of the wing; discal transverse vein

distinctly undulating, parted by more than half its length from the

border, and by less than its length from the flexure of the pre-

brachial; alulze white; halteres testaceous.

Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 9 lines.

Genus Bencatia, Desv.

Bengalia depressa.

Foem.—Obscuré cervina, capite pectoreque testaceis albido-to-

mentosis, antennis piceis, abdomine fulvo, segmentorum mar-

ginibus posticis nigris, pedibus testaceis, tarsis apice nigris,

alis cinereis basi et apud venas sub-testaceis, alulis cinereis

testaceo-marginatis.

Female.—Dull fawn colour; head testaceous and with whitish

tomentum in front and beneath; proboscis tawny ; palpi testa-

ceous; antennz piceous; pectus testaceous, with whitish tomen-

tum; abdomen tawny, partly covered with cinereous tomentum ;

hind borders of the segments black; legs testaceous ; tips of the

tarsi black; wings grey; veins tawny; prebrachial vein much

rounded at its flexure, hardly curved inward, with a very slight

testaceous tinge at the base and along the veins from thence to its

tip; discal transverse vein hardly undulating, parted by less than

half its length from the border, and by full half its length from

the flexure of the prebrachial; alule cinereous, with testaceous

borders.

Length of the body 45—5 lines; of the wings 8—9 lines,

Port Natal.

Genus Ip1a, Meig.

Idia extensa.

Mas.—Nigra, capite anticé nitente, lateribus subtus testaceo-

tomentosis, thorace vittis quatuor latis canis, pectore testaceo,

212 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

abdomine pedibusque fulvis, tibiis posticis apice genubusque

nigris, tarsis nigris basi testaceis, alis cinereis apud costam

fuscis, alulis subtestaceis, halteribus testaceis.

Male.—Black ; head shining in front, with testaceous tomentum

on each side beneath; thorax with four broad hoary stripes ;

pectus testaceous; abdomen tawny, elliptical, a little longer than

the thorax; legs tawny; knees and tips of the hind tibiz black ;

tarsi black, testaceous at the base; wings grey, brown along the

costa; veins black; preebrachial vein forming a curve at its

flexure; discal transverse vein undulating, parted by half its

length from the border, and by less than its length from the pree-

brachial ; alulze slightly testaceous; halteres testaceous.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Port Natal.

Idia? simplex.

Foem.—Aureo-viridis, albido-tomentosa, capite testaceo, antennis

luteis, arista nigra, thorace quadrivittato, abdomine cupreo

lined dorsali, tibiis fulvis, tarsis piceis, alis sub-cinereis, costa

apicem versus fuscescente, alulis albidis.

Female.—Golden green, with whitish tomentum; head pale

testaceous, hardly prominent, whitish beneath; proboscis black ;

palpi pale testaceous; antennz pale luteous; arista black, plu-

mose ; thorax with four stripes; abdomen cupreous, depressed,

with a dorsal line; tibia tawny; tarsi piceous; wings very

slightly greyish, brownish along the costa towards the tip ; veins

black, testaceous towards the base; prabrachial vein forming a

rather obtuse angle at its flexure, nearly straight from thence to

its tip, which almost joins the cubital vein; discal transverse vein

slightly undulating, parted by much less than its length from the

border, and by a little less than its length from the flexure of the

preebrachial ; alulze whitish.

Length of the body 34 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

Hindostan.

In this species the characters of the genus are much modified.

Idia? varia.

I'eem.—Viridis, capite testaceo maculis sex nigris, frontalibus

fulvis, proboscide nigro, antennis piceis, abdomine testaceo,

vitta fasciisque nigris, pedibus fulvis, alis cinereis, venis

nigris basi fulvis, alulis subtestaceis.

Female.—Green, shining; head testaceous, with two black dots

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 213

on each side in front; frontalia tawny, widened in front and be-

hind, where they include a lanceolate triangle; epistoma pro-

minent, with a black streak on each side; proboscis black ;

antennz piceous ; abdomen testaceous, with a black stripe and

with black bands ; first, second and third bands widely inter-

rupted, fifth occupying almost the whole segment; legs tawny ;

wings grey; veins black, tawny towards the base; prebrachial

vein forming a very oblique and somewhat rounded vein at its

flexure, nearly straight from thence to its tip; discal transverse

vein much curved inward near its base, hardly curved outwards

towards its tip, parted by rather more than half its length from

the border and from the flexure of the prebrachial; alule

slightly testaceous.

Length of the body 33 lines ; of the wings 7 lines.

Cape.

Genus Luciri1a, Desv.

Lucilia pinguis.

Foem.—Purpurea, capite nigro anticé rufescente, antennis rufe-

scentibus, thorace ex parte cyaneo, pedibus nigris, tibiis ferru-

gineis, alis subcinereis, venis nigris, alulis cinereis.

Female.—Purple; head black, reddish in front ; antennz red-

dish ; arista black; thorax partly blue; legs black; tibize ferru-

ginous; wings greyish; veins black; prebrachial vein forming a

right slightly rounded angle at its flexure, slightly curved inward

from thence to its tip; discal transverse vein very slightly undu-

lating, parted by nearly half its length from the border, and by full

half its length from the flexure of the preebrachial ; alulee cinereous.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Hindostan.

Lucila basifera.

Mas.—Viridis, capite nigro, thorace vittis duabus latis nigris,

lateribus cyaneis, scutello abdomineque purpureis, hujus

dimidio apicali viridi, illius margine cyaneo, pedibus nigris,

alis subcinereis basi nigricantibus.

Male.—Green; head black; thorax with two broad black

stripes, blue on each side; scutellum purple, with a blue border ;

abdomen purple; apical half green, with hoary hairs ; hind border

of the third segment purple; legs black ; wing greyish, blackish

214 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

towards the base; veins black; prebrachial vein forming a right

somewhat rounded angle at its flexure, near which it is much

curved inward and is thence straight to its tip; discal transverse

vein slightly undulating, parted by less than half its length from

the border and from the flexure of the przebrachial; alule grey.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Genus Pyretuia, Desv. :

Pyrellia facihs.

Mas.—Purpurea, capite antico refescente, facie cinerea, palpis

antennisque fulvis, thorace vittis tribus latis canis, scutello

cyaneo, pedibus nigris, alis cinereis basi obscurioribus, venis

nigris,

Male.—Purple; head reddish in front; face cinereous; palpi

and antennz tawny; arista black; thorax with three broad hoary

stripes ; scutellum mostly blue; legs black; wings grey, darker

at the base; veins black, preebrachial vein forming a slight curve

at its flexure, very slightly curved inward near its end, which is at

the tip of the wing; discal transverse vein nearly straight, parted

by much less than its length from the border and by little less

than its length from the flexure of the prebrachial; alule

cinereous,

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

South America.

Pyrellia torpida.

Foem.—Cyaneo-viridis, longiuscula, capite nigro anticé albo,

antennis piceis, pedibus nigris, tibiis ferrugineis, alis vix

cinerascentibus, venis nigris, alulis albidis.

Female.—Bright bluish green; head black, shining white in

front ; antennz piceous; thorax minutely punctured, rather long

and narrow ; legs black ; tibize ferruginous ; wing hardly greyish ;

veins black; preebrachial vein much curved at its flexure, almost

straight from thence to its end, which is at a little in front of the

tip of the wing; discal transverse vein very slightly undulating,

parted by much less than its length from the border and by

hardly less than its length from the flexure of the preebrachial ;

alulz whitish.

Length of the body 33 lines ; of the wings 64 lines.

Cape Coast.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 215

Genus Musca, Linn.

Musca ruficornis.

Feem.—Nigra, capite cinereo, peristomate ferrugineo, fronta-

hbus obscuré ferrugineis, palpis fulvis, antennis rufescentibus,

abdomine nigro-viridi, alis Jimpidis, venis fulvis.

Female.—Black ; head with cinereous tomentum; ferruginous

about the peristoma; frontalia dark, ferruginous; palpi tawny ;

antennz reddish; thorax with a tawny callus on each side in

front ; abdomen dark green, broader and shorter than the thorax ;

wings limpid; veins tawny, veinlet between the cubital and the

prebrachial veins brown; discal transverse vein slightly undu-

lating.

Length of the body 43 lines ; of the wings 9 lines.

Tasmania.

ConA AY i

Genus More tia, Desv.

Morellia indecora.

Feem.—Nigra cinereo-tomentosa, capite et antennarum articulo

2° ferrugineis, thorace subvittato, abdomine viridescente nigro

glaucescente, alis cinereis, alulis testaciis,

Female.—Black, with slight cinereous tomentum; head ferru-

ginous in front and beneath; second joint of the antennz ferru-

ginous ; third extending to the epistoma, full four times the length

of the second; thorax indistinctly striped; abdomen greenish

black, with glaucous reflections ; wings grey; veins black; pre-

brachial vein much curved at its flexure, almost straight from

thence to its end, which is hardly in front of the tip of the

wing ; discal transverse vein slightly undulating, parted by much

less than its length from the border, and by very little less

than its length from the flexure of the przebrachial; alule tes-

taceous.

Length of the body 43 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

New South Wales.

In the length of the third joint of the antenne this species agrees

with Calliphora, and not with Morellia.

216 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

Sub-fam. 6. ANTHOMYIDES.

SYNOPSIS.

* Alule ample aut mediocres.

+ Abdomen ovatum latum.

~ Abdomen non breve.

§ Palpi sat longi. Aricia, Desv.

§ Palpi breves. Brachypalpus, Macq.

Abdomen breve.

Pedes pilosi. Brachygasterina, Macq.

Pedes vix pilosi. Microchylum, Macq.

Abdomen oblongum, non latum,

Corpus nigrum et album. Leucomelina, Macq.

Corpus non nigrum et album.

Palpi non dilatati.

Arista plumosa. Spilogaster, Macq.

Arista nuda aut tomentosa.

—+ Maris femora antica dentata. Hydrotcea, Desv.

Femora antica non dentata. :

++ Frontis setee breves; abdomen ovatum. Ophyra, Desv.

+++4+ Frontis sete elongate; abdomen oblongum. Limno-

phora, Desv.

Palpi dilatati. Lispe, Meig.

Alulze parvee.

Pedes non valde setosi.

Maris frons angusta.

Arista plumosa. Hylemyia, Desv.

Arista nuda aut tomentosa.

Maris abdomen cylindricum.

Caput incrassatum ; arista tomentosa. Chortophila, Macq.

—-—+ Caput non incrassatum ; abdomen angustum.

++ Arista nuda. Atomogaster, Macq.

++4++ Arista tomentosa. Pegomyia, Desv.

x x Abdomen maris et foem. apice attenuatum. Anthomyia,

Meig.

x Abdomen filiforme. Leptomyza, Macq.

{ Maris frons lata.

§ Arista plumosa.

x Antenne incumbentes, Ccenosia, Meig.

++ ep +Ft+em

X X Htt+t+—$emmit

Kor

POP +

+ x

Antenne non incumbentes. Schenomyza, Haliday.

Arista nuda. Craspedocheta, Macq.

Pedes valde setosi. Macrocheta, Macq.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 217

Genus Aricta, Desv.

Aricia ignava.

Foem.—Nigra, cinereo-tomentosa, capite albo, scutelli margine

pedibusque fulvis, abdomine ovato, tarsis nigris, alis sublurido-

cinereis, venis nigris, alulis cinereis, halteribus testaceis.

Female.—Black, with cinereous tomentum; head white in front

and beneath; scutellum with a tawny border; abdomen oval,

very little broader and longer than the thorax; legs tawny;

tarsi black ; wings grey, with a slight lurid tinge; veins black ;

discal transverse vein very slightly curved inward, parted by more

than half its length from the border, and by a little more than its

length from the prebrachial transverse vein; alulze cinereous ;

halteres testaceous.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Brazil.

Aricia ? inscia.

Foem.— Nigra, cinereo-tomentosa capite subaurato posticé albido,

thorace trivittato, abdomine cyaneo basi nigro, alis limpidis,

venis nigris basi fulvis, alulis albis.

Allied to 4. ceruleigaster, Macq. Female.—Black, with slight

cinereous tomentum ; head slightly gilded, whitish behind; arista

moderately plumose ; thorax with three indistinct black stripes ;

abdomen blue, oval, not longer nor broader than the thorax ;

first segment black; wings limpid; veins black, tawny at the

base ; discal transverse vein undulating, parted by more than half

its length from the border, and by very little more than its length

from the prebrachial transverse vein; alulz white.

Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 7 lines.

Tasmania.

Genus Hytemyia, Desv.

Hylemyia fasciata.

Foem.—Nigra, albo-tomentosa, thoracis fasciis duabus scutello-

que atris, abdomine subaurato vitta fasciisque nigris, alis

limpidis, venis testaceis apice nigris, alulis albis.

Female.—Nearly allied to H. pluvialis. Black, with white

tomentum ; thorax with two deep black bands; scutellum deep

218 Mr, F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

black; abdomen with the white slightly gilded, with a black

stripe, and with a black band on the fore border of each segment ;

wings limpid; veins testaceous, black towards the tips; discal

transverse vein slightly curved inward, parted by more than half

its length from the border, and by less than its length from the

prebrachial transverse vein; alule white.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

Port Natal.

Div. 2. ACALYPTERZ.

Sub-fam. 1. Hetomyziv_es.

The exotic genera are here enumerated, with the characters

which chiefly distinguish them from the most nearly allied Euro-

pean genera, and the same plan is used with respect to some of

the following sub-families :—

1. Thecomyia, Perty; facies elongata.

Tetanocera, Dum.; facies non elongata.

2. Curtonotum, Macq.; thorax gibbosus.

Helomyza, Fall.; thorax non gibbosus..

3. Pyryota, Wied.; abdomen apice clavatum.

Otitis, Latr.; abdomen depressum.

4, Dichromyia, Desv.; pedes nudi.

Actora, Meig.; pedes villosi.

5. Ectecephala, Macq.; antenne elongate.

Eurina, Meig.; antennz non elongatz.

Orthostylum, Macq. ; arista recta.

Cordylura, Fall. ; arista non recta.

Chetura, Macq.; tibiz posticz arcuate.

Cordylura, Fall. ; tibize posticae non arcuate.

Genus Scaropnaca, Meig.

Scatophaga canadensis.

Feem.—Cervina, capite fulvo, subtus pallido subaurato, antennis

fulvis, arista nigra subtomentosa, thorace vittis tribus fuscis,

metathorace cano, abdomine cinereo apice fulvo, pedibus

fulvis, alis lurido-subcinereis, venis transversis nigro-nebulosis,

Female.—Fawn colour; head tawny in front, pale and with

slightly gilded tomentum beneath; antenuz tawny; arista black,

_—

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 219

slightly tomentose; thorax with three indistinct brown stripes;

metathorax hoary; abdomen cinereous, tawny at the tip; legs

tawny; wings greyish, with a lurid tinge; veins black, tawny

towards the base ; transverse veins, especially the prebrachial

one, clouded with black.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Canada.

Genus Sciomyza, Fall.

Sciomyza terminalis.

Foem.—Cinerea, capite lato cervino subtus testaceo, antennis

fulvis, arista nigra plumosa, thorace vittis duabus testaceis,

pectore et metathorace canis, abdomine vitta nigricante, pe-

dibus fulvis, tibiis tarsisque apice nigris, alis cinereis apud

costam obscure fuscis, fascia subapicali pallidiore.

Female.—Cinereous; head broad; fawn colour, testaceous be-

neath; antennee tawny; third joint conical; arista black, plu-

mose ; thorax with a testaceous stripe on each side, pectus and

metathorax hoary ; abdomen with a blackish stripe; legs tawny ;

tips of the tibize and of the tarsi black ; fore tarsi black, tawny at

the base ; wings grey, dark brown along the costa, and witha paler

brown irregular abbreviated subapical band; veins black; pre-

brachial transverse band hardly undulating ; halteres tawny.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 63 lines.

Hindostan.

Genus Hetomyza, Fall.

Helomyza lata.

Feem.—Picea, valida, antennis nigris, thorace subvittato, abdo-

mine basi maculisque duabus lateralibus fulvis, pedibus ni-

gris, alis cinereis apud costam fuscescentibus, venis nigris.

Female.—Piceous, stout; antenne black; thorax indistinctly

striped; abdomen tawny at the base and with a tawny spot on

each side near the base ; legs black; wings grey, brownish along

the costa; veins black ; preebrachial transverse vein stout; discal

transverse vein nearly straight.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

South America.

220 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

Helomyza robusta.

Feem.—Fulva, valida, arista nigra plumosa, pedibus testaceis,

tarsis piceis, alis luridis, apud marginem posticum subcinereis,

venis fulvis.

Female.—Tawny, stout, with a few black bristles ; arista black,

plumose; abdomen a little paler than the thorax ; legs testaceous ;

tarsi piceous; wings lurid, slightly greyish along the hind border ;

veins tawny; discal transverse vein straight.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

Valley of the Amazon.

Helomyza marginalis.

Fom,.—Luteo-fulva, thorace cinereo vittis tribus fulvis, abdo-

mine fasciis nigris, femoribus tibiisque apice tarsisque nigris,

alis lurido-cinereis, venis fulvis apice nigris.

Female.—Luteous tawny; thorax with cinereous tomentum,

which is interrupted by three stripes; abdomen with a slender

‘black band on the hind border of each segment ; tarsi and tips

of the femora and of the tibiz black; wings grey, with a lurid

tinge, which disappears along the hind border; veins tawny, black

towards the tips; discal transverse vein straight.

Length of the body 33 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

New South Wales.

Genus Dryomyza.

Dryomyza cingulipes.

Feem.—Ferrugineo-fulva, proboscide antennisque nigris, abdo-

minis segmentis nigricanti-marginatis; femoribus, tibiis tarsis-

que apice nigris, femoribus tibiisque nigro-fasciatis, alis

cinereis.

Female.—Ferruginous tawny; proboscis and antenne black ;

abdomen shorter than the thorax, acuminated at the tip; borders

of the segments blackish ; femora, tibize and tarsi with black tips ;

femora and tibiz with a black band on each; wings grey ; veins

black, tawny towards the base.

Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

New South Wales.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 221

Genus Tetanocera, Dumeril.

Tetanocera lateralis.

Mas.—Picea, capite fulvo guttis duabus nigris, antennis nigris

longis, arista plumosa, thorace abdomineque vittis duabus

lateralibus auratis, pedibus fulvis, alis cinereis, apud costam

nigro-cinereis, halteribus testaceis.

Male.—Piceous ; head tawny, with a black dot on each side of

the vertex; peristoma produced ; proboscis and antennz black,

the latter long, linear ; third joint shorter than the second; arista

plumose ; thorax and abdomen with a gilded stripe along each

side ; pectus with two lateral gilded streaks; legs tawny; wings

grey, blackish grey along the costa; veins black; discal transverse

vein straight, upright, parted by less than its length from the

border, and by more than twice its length from the prebrachial

transverse vein; halteres testaceous.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Valley of the Amazon.

Genus Dorycrra, Hoffin.

Dorycera ? conspersa.

Feem.—Cinerea, capite fulvo conico, pectoris margine abdo-

minisque apice fulvis, pedibus fulvis, alis albidis, guttis

plurimis cinereis maculaque costali nigricante, halteribus tes-

taceis.

Female.—Cinereous; head tawny, produced and narrower in

front of the eyes; front small; antennz short; pectus tawny,

with a cinereous disk; abdomen tawny at the tip; legs tawny ;

wings whitish, with various grey dots, and with a blackish spot

on the costa just before the middle; veins black, tawny to-

wards the base; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted

by much less than its length from the border, and by a little less

than its length from the prebrachial transverse vein; halteres

testaceous.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Colombia.

222 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

Sub-fam. 2. Borgoripes.

Genus Borzorus, Meig.

Borborus Amazonicus.

Fom.—Nigra, capite nitente, frontalibus atris, antennis, scutel-

loque piceis, pedibus validis longiusculis, tarsis dilatatis, alis

nigricante cinereis.

Female.—Black ; head shining in front; frontalia deep black ;

antenne piceous, very small ; scutellum piceous ; abdomen dull;

legs stout, rather long; tarsi dilated ; wings blackish grey ; veins

black.

Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

Valley of the Amazon.

Sub-fam. 3. LauranipEs.

SYNOPSIS.

* Scutellum parvum.

‘+ Caput non transversum. Lonchea, Fall.

+ + Caput transversum. Zygothrica, Wied.

* * Scutellum abdomen obtegens. Celyphus, Dalm.

Genus Loncua, Fall.

Lonchea albimanus.

Feem.—Nigro-znea, scutello ferrugineo, abdomine nigro-piceo,

pedibus piceis, tibiis posterioribus albido-fasciatis, tarsis pos-

terioribus albidis, alis lurido-subcinereis, venis testaceis,

halteribus albis.

Female.—Blackish zneous; scutellum ferruginous ; abdomen

piceous black, shining; legs piceous; posterior tibiae with a

whitish band; posterior tarsi whitish; wings slightly greyish,

with a very slight lurid tinge; veins testaceous; halteres white.

Length of the body 23 lines ; of the wings 5 lines.

South America.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 223

Sub-fam. 4. OrTALipEs,.

SYNOPSIS.

Facies convexa:

Caput non dilatatum.

Palpi dilatati.

Caput acuminatum. Oxycephala, Macq.

Caput non acuminatum.

Abdomen ovatum.

Caput tumidum. Dichromyia, Macq.

Caput non tumidum.

Femora gracilia.

Alarum areola analis elongata. Loxoneura, Macq.

Alarum areola analis brevis. Camptoneura, Macq.

Femora crassa. Ropalomera, Wied.

Abdomen cylindricum, thorace angustius. Euripalpus,

Macq.

Palpi non dilatati.

Antenne epistoma attingentes; articulus 3% 2° quadruplo

longior.

Epistoma prominens.

Arista villosa.

Femora postica gracilia.

Areola analis elongata. Eniconeura, Macq.

Areola analis brevis. Cleitamia, Macq.

Femora postica crassa. ichardia, Desv.

Arista nuda. Senopterina, Macq.

Epistoma non prominens. Herina, Desv.

Antenne epistoma non attingentes; articulus 3"5 2° triplo

longior.

Antenne apud frontis apicem insertz.

Frons non prominens.

Antennarum articulus 3"° supra concavus subtus convexus,

Ceroxys, Macq.; et Epidisma, Macq.

Antennarum articulus 3° ovatus,

Oculi rotundi. Amethysa, Macq.

Oculi ovati.

Corpus metallicum.

Statura sat magna. Lamprogaster, Macq.

Statura parva. Ulidia, Meig.

Corpus non metallicum.

Venz transverse non approximate. Platystoma, Latr.

224 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

= Venez transverse approximate. Heterogaster, Macq.

—+-—+ Frons prominens, acuminata. Notacanthina, Macq.

x x Antenne sub frontis marginem inserte. Cruphiocera,

Macq.

++ Caput dilatatum. Plagiocephala, Wied.

* * Facies plana.

+ Antenne non supra inserte.

+ Antenne epistoma attingentes

§ Areola analis non acuminata. Odontomera, Macq.

§ § Areola analis acuminata.

x Femora non spinosa.

—- Epistoma prominens; palpi dilatati. Bactrocera, Macq.

—+- — Epistoma non prominens.

++ Oviductus longus, gracilis, cylindricus. Leptoays, Macq.

++++ Oviductus, brevis latus, depressus.. -Dacus, Fabr.

xx Femora spinosa. Meracantha, Macq.

{+ Antennz epistoma non attingentes.

§ Maris frons setis duabus capitatis. Ceratitts, Macleay.

§ § Frons setis nullis capitatis.

x Antennarum articulus 2"8 apice obliquus; 3"° subtus ro-

tundatus. Campylocera, Macq.

x x Antennarum articulus 28 apice quadratus. T'rypeta, Meig.

+ + Antenne supra inserte. LEpicerella, Macq.

Genus Ropatomera, Weid.

Ropalomera tibiahs.

Mas. et Foem.—Nigro-fusca, fronte lutea, nigro-vittata, facie

picea, strigis duabus inferioribus albis, thorace vittis septem

albis, metathorace abdomineque albido-tomentosis, hujus

basi fulvo, pedibus nigris_ pilosissimis, femoribus pos-

terioribus incrassatis fulvo-variis, tarsis basi testaceis, alis

cinereis fusco-nebulosis,

Male and female.—Dark brown; front luteous, with a black

stripe; face piceous; a white streak on each side beneath ; thorax

with seven white stripes; pectus with a white stripe on each side ;

scutellum very prominent; metathorax and abdomen with whitish

tomentum, the latter tawny at the base; legs black, very pilose ;

posterior femora very thick, partly tawny ; tarsi towards the base

and knees testaceous ; fore tibize partly tawny ; wings grey; veins

black, tawny at the base, partly clouded with brown; prebrachial

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 225

transverse vein and exterior part of prebrachial vein clouded

with dark brown; halteres whitish. Male.—Hind tarsi wholly

black.

Length of the body 4—53 lines; of the wings 10—12 lines.

Valley of the Amazon.

Ropalomera nebulosa.

Feem,—Nigro-fusea, capite ferrugineo, facie convex nigra

nitente, thorace cinereo vittis quatuor incompletis, abdomine

e maculis albidis quadrivittato, pedibus nigris incrassatis,

tarsis testaceis apice nigris, alis cinereis nigricante macu-

latis.

Female.—Blackish brown; head ferruginous on the vertex and

in front; face convex, black, shining; antenne black; thorax

with cinereous tomentum, which is interrupted by four incomplete

stripes ; abdomen with four rows of whitish shining spots; legs

black, incrassated ; tarsi testaceous, with black tips; wings grey,

with many blackish, spots which are paler and finally obsolete

towards the interior border ; veins black ; halteres whitish.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

Valley of the Amazon.

Ropalomera substituta.

Foem.—Nigro-fusca, vertice antico fulvo, facie testaced, an-

tennis fulvis, thorace vittis quatuor auratis unaque cinerea,

abdomine e maculis albidis quadrivittato, pedibus validis

subpilosis, tarsis basi testaceis subauratis, alis cinereis, halte-

ribus albidis.

Female.—Blackish brown; vertex tawny in front; face testa-

ceous; antennz tawny; thorax with four gilded stripes and with

a middle cinereous stripe; abdomen with four rows of whitish

spots; oviduct black, shining; legs stout, slightly pilose; not

incrassated; tarsi testaceous and slightly gilded at the base;

wings grey, veins black ; halteres whitish.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Brazil.

Genus Dicuromyia, Desv.

Dichromyia? punctipennis.

Mas.—Nigra, nitens, capite ferrugineo, alis nigris albo-punc-

tatis, alulis niveis maximis.

VOL. IV. N.S. PT. VI.—JAN. 1858. Q

226 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

Male.—Black, shining ; head ferruginous in front and on each

side beneath, where it is tumid; wings black, with numerous

minute white dots; alulze snow white, very large.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings & lines.

South Africa.

This species and a few more have the alule like those of

the Muscide Calyptere, but differ from them in every other

character.

Genus Loxoneura, Macq.

Loxoneura Perilampoides.

Fem.—Viridis, crebré punctata, subtus nigra, capite antennisque

rufescentibus, scutello abdomineque cyaneis, hdc dilatato,

femoribus anticis spinosis, alis subcinereis, costa fasciisque

duabus nigris, guttis costalibus albis,

Female.—Green, thickly punctured, black beneath; head and

antenne reddish; proboscis and palpi black ; thorax conical ;

scutellum and abdomen blue, the latter much broader and shorter

than the thorax; legs black; fore femora spinose ; wings slightly

greyish, black along the costa and with two black bands; three

minute white costal dots.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

Genus Lamprocaster, Macq.

Lamprogaster lepida.

Feem.—Lete viridis, capite rufescente, fronte ex parte picea,

pedibus fulvis, tarsis testaceis apice nigris, tiblis anticis ex

parte piceis, alis luteis, strigis transversis guttaque subcostali

fuscis, alulis halteribusque fulvis.

Female.—Bright metallic green; head reddish; front partly

piceous ; legs tawny ; tarsi testaceous, with black tips ; fore tibize

partly piceous; wings luteous, with brown streaks at the base,

with a brown streak extending from the prebrachial transverse

vein towards the costa, with a brown streak on the discal trans-

verse vein, with a brown exterior subcostal dot, and with a brown

costal and apical streak ; alule and halteres tawny.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Celebes.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 227

Genus Utip1a, Meig.

Ulidia? fulviceps.

Feem.— Aureo-viridis, capite antennisque fulvis, abdomine ex

parte cupreo, pedibus testaceis, tarsis anticis ex parte nigris,

alis limpidissimis, venis halteribusque testaceis.

Female—Bright golden green; head and antenne tawny; third

joint of the antenne subfusiform; proboscis black; abdomen

partly cupreous; legs testaceous ; fore tarsi with black tips; wings

quite limpid; veins pale testaceous; prebrdchial vein curved

exteriorly and joining the cubital vein near its tip; halteres

testaceous,

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 43 lines.

Hindostan.

Genus Herrna, Macq.

Herina determinata.

Feem.— Nigra, capite supra cupreo anticé testaceo, thorace

vittis abdomineque fasciis indistinctis cinereis, oviductu

elongato, tarsis ferrugineis, alis albis, basi vitta arcuata

postica fasclisque duabus nigris.

Female.—Black ; head cupreous, black hindward, testaceous

and with whitish tomentum in front; thorax with indistinct

cinereous stripes; abdomen with indistinct cinereous bands ;

oviduct elongated ; tarsi ferruginous; wings white,—black, with

the exception of the hind border, for one third of the length from

the base, with a curved black stripe extending near the hind

border and connected with two black bands, which are dilated in

front; veins black; subcostal and cubital veins connected by a

transverse veinlet; prebrachial vein curved.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wing 7 lines.

Valley of the Macaca

Herina decisa.

Foem.— Nigro-viridis, capite ferrugineo, antennis rufescentibus,

abdomine pedibusque nigris, genubus tarsisque ferrugineis,

alis nigris, basi fasciisque tribus albis, halteribus albidis.

Female.—-Blackish green; head ferruginous ; antennz reddish ;

abdomen black; legs black; knees and tarsi ferruginous ; wings

228 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

black, white at the base and with three white bands; one near

the base, the second just within the discal transverse vein, the

third oblique and subapical; halteres whitish.

Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

Brazil.

Herina nigritula.

Feem.—Nigro-viridis, capite supra testaceo, antennis pedibusque

nigris, abdomine attenuato, tarsis piceis, alis limpidis, vitta

costali nigra, venis albidis, halteribus nigris.

Female.—Greenish black ; head testaceous above; antenne and

legs black; abdomen attenuated; tarsi piceous; wings limpid,

with an irregular black stripe along the costa; veins whitish;

halteres black.

Length of the body 12 line; of the wings 3 lines.

Valley of the Amazon.

Herina intrudens.

Feem.—Nigro-cyanea, capite antice ferrugineo, abdominis apice

attenuato, pedibus nigris, tarsis basi testaceis, alis albis,

fasciis quatuor antice nigris posticé cinereis.

Female.—Bluish black; head dark blue; ferruginous in front ;

abdomen attenuated at the tip; legs black ; tarsi testaceous at the

base ; wings white, with four bands which are blackish along the

costa, pale grey hindward; third and fourth bands connected on

the costa; halteres whitish.

Length of the body 13 lines; of the wings 23 lines.

Valley of the Amazon.

Herina? divisa.

Mas.—Fulva, antennarum articulo 3° lineari longiusculo, abdo-

mine brevi lato nigro-cyaneo punctato, pedibus testaceis, alis

limpidis, linea costali venisque nigris, halteribus albidis.

Male.—Tawny ; third joint of the antenne linear, rather long ;

abdomen dark blue; punctured, rather short, broader than the

thorax ; legs testaceous ; wings limpid, with a black costal line;

veins black; halteres whitish.

Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 4 lines.

Para.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 229

Genus Tryreta, Meig.

Trypeta lutescens.

Foem.—Fulva, subcervino tomentosa, antennis testaceis, arista

at ; : ink Cae

nigra angulaté abdomine ovato fasciis nigris, pedibus testa-

ceis, alis nigris strigis quatuor maculisque quatuor vitreis,

strigis duabus exterioribus nigris.

Female.—Tawny, covered above with pale fawn coloured tomen-

tum; proboscis black; antenne testaceous ; third joint elongate ;

arista black, bare, bent near the base; abdomen oval; acumi-

nated at the tip, with a black band on the fore border of each

segment excepting at the base; legs testaceous; tibize with black

apical spines; wings black, vitreous at the base and towards the

tips, with three vitreous costal streaks, one longitudinal, the

other two transverse, with a transverse vitreous discal streak,

with fonr vitreous spots, and with two black exterior streaks, one

extending along the costa to the tip, the other oblique and in the

disk; halteres testaceous.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Valley of the Amazon.

Trypeta sinica.

Mas.—Fulva, capite apud oculos thoraceque subcervino tomen-

tosis, abdomine fasciis tribus nigris, 3 subapicali latissimé,

alis nigro-fuscis, basi vitreis, fulvo-subfasciatis, maculis

duabus costalibus trigonis, lituris nonnullis transversis pos-

ticis apicibusque vitreis, strigis duabus exterioribus nigro-

fuscis,

Male.—Tawny, with stout black bristles ; head, about the eyes

and thorax, with pale fawn-coloured tomentum; scutellum and

metathorax shining; abdomen oval, with three black bands; the

third subapical, much broader than the others; wings blackish

brown, vitreous, with a slight tawny band near the base, with two

triangular vitreous spots on the costa and with some transverse

hindward vitreous marks; tips vitreous, with two blackish-brown

streaks, one extending along the costa to the tip, the other

oblique and in the disk.

Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

China.

230 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

Trypeta tubifera.

Fem.—Fulva, thorace subtomentoso, abdomine ovato, oviductu

cylindrico longissimo apice nigro, alis vitreis, vittis tribus

testaceis ex parte fusco-marginatis, 2* obliqua extus costali,

3? angulata posteriore.

Female.—Tawny ; thorax slightly tomentose ; abdomen oval ;

shorter than the thorax, excepting the oviduct, which is slender,

cylindrical, black at the tip and longer than the other part of the

abdomen ; wings vitreous, with three testaceous partly brown

bordered stripes, the first extending from the base in the disk and

ending on the costa at half its length, the second extending

obliquely from near the hind border to the costa, which it accom-

panies to the tip of the wing, the third forming an acute angle

behind the 2nd and nearly parallel to it.

Length of the body with the oviduct 43 lines; of the wings

73 lines.

China.

Sub-fam. 5. SEpsipEs.

SYNOPSIS.

* Pedes non longi.

Antennz epistoma superantes.

¢ Abdomen non petiolatum. Omalocephala, Macq.

t{ Abdomen petiolatum. Conopsida, Macq.

{+ Antenne epistoma attingentes. Michogaster, Macq.

+ Antenne epistoma non attingentes. Sepsis, Fall.

* Pedes longi.

+ Caput elongatum.

{ Arista apicalis. Longina, Weid.

{ Arista articuli 3! apicem versus inserta. Nerius, Fabr.

{ Arista articuli 3: basi inserta.

§ Caput valdé elongatum. Cardiacephala, Macq.

§ Caput subelongatum. Toxopoda, Macq.

+ Caput rotundatum. Setellia, Desv.

Genus Sorutra, Walk.

Sophira distorta,

Mas.—Fulva, nitens, pubesceus, capite testaceo vitta fascidque

anticad nigris, abdomine subfusiformi vittis duabus nigrican-

tibus, alis subluteis, fusco quadri- aut quinque vittatis, mar-

gine postico subcinereo,

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 231

Male.—Tawny, shining, pubescent; head testaceous, with a

black stripe, which is narrower in front, and with a black band on

the face; arista black ; abdomen subfusiform, longer and narrower

than the thorax, with two indistinct blackish stripes; legs rather

long and slender; wings slightly luteous, greyish along the hind

border, with four or five irregular brown stripes, of which the

darkest and most regular is along the costa, the latter is slightly

dilated beyond the middle; radial vein curved towards the costa ;

cubital vein slightly curved towards the prebrachial, opposite the

curve of the radial; tip of the prebrachial curved towards the

cubital ; discal transverse vein very oblique, parted by hardly one

fourth of its length from the border and by a little more than its

length from the prebrachial transverse vein.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 4 lines.

Celebes.

Sub-fam. 6. Psripes.

Cleigaster, Macq.; Epistoma setosa.

Chyliza, Fall. ; Epistoma nuda.

Sub-fam. 7. OscinipEs.

Genus Oscints, Fabr.

Oscinis scita.

Fem.—Nigra, capite apud oculos fulvo subtus albido, antennis

testaceis articuli 3! apice nigro, pectore thoracisque lateribus

testaceis, his nigro bimaculatis, abdomine basi fasciisque

interruptis eis alis limpidis apud costam exteriorem

fuscis.

Female.—Black ; head tawny above along the eyes, whitish

beneath ; antennz testaceous; third joint at the tip and arista

black; pectus and sides of the thorax pale testaceous, the latter

with a black spot on each side ; abdomen tawny at the base and

with a tawny interrupted band on the fore border of each segment;

underside pale téStaceous, with interrupted black bands; wings

limpid; apical third part brown for half the breadth from the

costa; veins testaceous, black towards the tips; halteres whitish.

Length of the body 1} line; of the wings 3 lines.

South America.

232 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

Sub-fam. 8. GreomyzipDEs.

Silba, Macq.; Antennarum articulus 3% 2° plus quadruplo

longior.

Piophila, Fall.; Antennarum articulus 3° brevis.

Genus Drosopruita, Fall.

Drosophila valida.

Foem.—Pallidé fulva, facie nigro-guttata, pectore vittis quatuor

fuscescentibus, abdomine e maculis nigricantibus trivittato,

pedibus testaceis, alis subcinereis, venis halteribusque testa-

ceis, vend costali nigra.

Female.—Pale tawny, with black bristles; face with a black

dot by the epistoma; pectus with two pale brown stripes on each

side; abdomen with three rows of irregular blackish spots; legs

testaceous ; wings slightly greyish; veins testaceous ; costal vein

black ; halteres pale testaceous.

Length of the body 13 line; of the wings 3 lines.

United States.

Sub-fam. 9. PHytomyzipEs.

Genus Acromyza, Fall.

Agromyza invaria.

Foem.-——Nigra, nitens, tarsis et tibiis anticis testaceis, alis lim-

pidis, venis nigris.

Female.—Black, shining ; tarsi and fore tibia testaceous; wings

limpid; veins black.

Length of the body ? line; of the wings 13 lines.

United States.

Genus Puytomyza, Fall. =

Phytomyza solita,

Mas.—Cinerea, capite luteo-fulvo, gutta verticis antennisque

nigris, abdominis segmentis albido-marginatis, genubus testa-

ceis, alis subcinercis, venis nigris, halteribus albidis.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 253

Male.—Cinereous ; head luteous tawny; a black dot on the

vertex ; antenne black; hind borders of the abdominal segments

whitish; knees testaceous; wings very slightly greyish; veins

. black; halteres whitish.

Length of the body 1 line; of the wings 3 lines.

United States,

Phytomyza diminuta.

Foem.—Pallidé flava, thoracis disco cinereo, abdomine supra

' nigricante, alis limpidis, venis nigris.

Female.—Pale yellow; disk of the thorax cinereous ; abdomen

blackish above; wings limpid; veins black.

Length of the body ? line; of the wings 14 line.

United States.

Sub-fam. 10. HypromyzipEs.

Genus Epuypra, Fall.

Ephydra lata.

Feem.—Nigra, nitens, pedibus piceis, alis cinereis apud venas

pallidioribus, venis transversis nigro-nebulosis. »

Female.—Black, shining ; legs piceous ; wings grey, paler along

the veins; transverse veins clouded with black.

Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 4 lines.

United States.

Ephydra brevis.

Foem.— Nigra, obscura, thorace vittis quatuor cinereis, abdomine

zeneo-nigro brevi late nitente, tarsis fulvis, alis subcinereis,

venis pallidis, transversis nigris.

Female.—Black, dull; thorax with four cinereous stripes ;

abdomen zneous black, short, broad, shining; tarsi tawny; wings

very slightly greyish ; veins pale ; transverse veins black.

Length of the body 1} line; of the wings 3 lines.

United States. _

Ephydra oscitans.

Feem.—Nigra, nitens, scutello nigro-cyaneo, pedibus fulvis, alis

limpidis, areolis fusco-maculatis.

234 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

Female.—Black, shining; scutellum blackish blue; legs tawny ;

wings limpid, with rows of brown spots between the veins, which

are black.

Length of the body 1 line; of the wings 23 lines.

United States.

Ephydra nana.

Feem.—Nigra, nitens, pedibus flavis, femoribus nigris, tibiis-

posticis nigro fasciatis.

Female.—Black, shining; legs pale yellow; femora black ;

hind tibize with a black band; wings very slightly greyish ; veins

pale.

Length of the body 1 line; of the wings 2 lines.

United States.

Fam. 17. GQESTRIDA.

Fam. 18. PHORIDA.

Genus Puora, Latr.

Phora nebulosa.

Fem.—Nigra, capite subtus, antennis pedibusque fulvis, alis

obscure cinereis apud medium sublimpidis.

Female.—Black ; head tawny beneath; antenne and legs

tawny; wings dark grey; middle part nearly limpid; veins

black.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 4 lines.

Tasmania.

EPROBOSCID.

Iam. 1, HIPPOBOSCID.,

The genera Brachytarsina (Macq. Mém. Soc. Nat. des Sci. &c.

de Lille, 1850), and Raymondia (Frauenfeld, Akad. der Wissen-

schaften, 1855), may be united to Wiedemann’s genus Strebla,

which is nearly allied to el a (Macq. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr,

ame Sér. X. 332.)

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 235

Genus Hipprososca, Linn.

Hippobosca viridipes.

Nigra; capite, pectore thoraceque antice lividis, pedibus viridibus

livido-variis, tarsis nigris, femoribus tibiisque nigro-vittatis,

alis subcinereis.

Black; head, pectus and fore part of the thorax livid; legs

green, partly livid; tarsi black; femora and tibiz with black

stripes; wings greyish; veins black.

Length of the body 33 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

New South Wales,

NEMOCERA.

Fam. BIBIONIDZ.

Genus Brio.

Bibio Zealandicus.

Fem.—Niger, ventre ferrugineo, femoribus rufis apice nigris,

alis fuscescente cinereis, stigmate venisque costalibus nigris,

posterioribus pallidis.

Female.—Black ; abdomen ferruginous beneath; femora red,

with black tips ; wings brownish grey ; veins and stigma black;

posterior veins pale.

Length of the body 43 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

New Zealand.

236 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

XVII. On New Genera and Species of Longicorn Coleop-

tera, Part III. By FP. Pascos, Esq. F L.baike:

{Read 3rd August, 1857.]

Cantharocnemis Downesii.

Prionus Downesti (Moore’s MS.)

C. piceus; prothorace medio sub-glabro; lateribus capiteque

punctatis ; elytris lineis duabus elevatis, apicem versus

evanescentibus. Bombay.

Pitchy brown, head punctured, two confluent elevations on the

vertex behind, with two shallow depressions in front and between

the eyes; antennz glabrous, reddish brown; prothorax smooth

in the middle, thickly punctured at the sides; elytra very thickly

but finely punctured, with two elevated nearly parallel lines on

each, but gradually disappearing towards the apex; legs and

abdomen beneath reddish brown.

Length 22 lines.

I am indebted to M. Chevrolat for having pointed out the

extremely rare genus to which this fine insect belongs. It is

dedicated to Downes, Esq., of Bombay, to whom the museum

at the India House is indebted for many fine insects.

Cerambyx egenus.

C. sub-angustatus, fuseus, parce griseo-pubescens ; prothorace

sub-mutico irregulariter et leviter plicato; elytris apice ro-

tundatis ; antennis mediocribus. China Borealis.

Rather narrow, dark brown, very sparingly furnished with a

greyish pubescence ; prothorax about equal in length and

breadth, rounded at the sides, which are nearly entire, the surface

with fine irregular folds; elytra a little depressed, rounded at the

apex ; antennze moderate.

Length 9 lines.

Cerambyx fulvidus.

C. sub-angustatus, brunneus, fulvo-pubescens ;_ prothorace in-

tegro leviter rugoso; elytris apice rotundatis; antennis

mediocribus. China Borealis.

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 237

Rather narrow, light brown inclining to bay, with a pale buff

pubescence; prothorax rather longer than broad, the sides and

surface uneven, but not plicate; elytra rounded at the apex.

Length 83 lines.

These two species will certainly not come into Cerambyz, if it

be restricted to such insects as Heros and miles.

Cerambyx micaceus.

C. piceus, angustus; prothorace medio transverse corrugato,

plagis griseo-lanuginosis aspersis; elytris gibbosulis nitidis

iregulariter et leviter hirsutis; antennis pube grisea densis-

sime vestitis; pedibus brevibus pallidioribus. Borneo.

Pitchy, head rather narrow, a deep groove between the eyes,

which are large and almost contiguous both above and below,

the groove and the eyes above furnished witha margin of yel-

lowish hairs; prothorax elongate, nearly elliptic, corrugated irre-

gularly at the sides, transversely in the middle, with patches of

yellowish woolly hairs interspersed; elytra lengthened, parallel,

the apex rounded, the disc irregularly tumid, shining, with thin

lines of hairs ; antennze pubescent, about as Jong as the body, flat-

tened towards the apex, with the joints dilated on one side ( @ ) ;

legs short.

Length 6 lines.

This again seems a form quite apart from anything else.

EPAnIiA.

Head not prolonged anteriorly ; eyes lateral, sinuated above ;

antennze moderate, filiform; joints, except the second, nearly

equal; thorax larger than broad, margined anteriorly and pos-

teriorly ; elytra very short, rounded; legs moderate, the femora

clavate.

Differs from Tomopterus, its nearest ally, in its narrower thorax,

eyes widely apart, shortness of face, and filiform antenne. This

genus is proposed for Odontocera? Saranakensis and O.? Singa-

porensis of Thomson (Arch, Ent., p. 124). There are others

still undescribed.

Meriona@pa.

Head small, transverse, lengthened behind; eyes large, pro-

minent; antennz short, claviform, the six or seven last joints

238 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

dilated, the first, third and fourth slender, and nearly equal; pro-

thorax uneven, attenuated anteriorly ; elytra subulate, shorter than

the abdomen; anterior legs short, the posterior very long, its

femora clavate, tibiz serrated and spurred, the tarsi short.

Allied to Necydalis, L., but abundantly distinct in its antenne,

elytra, &c. Molorchus Indicus (Hope), Heliomanes nigriceps,

(White), and other undescribed species, belong to this genus.

Merioneda puella.

M. atra; prothorace luteo; femoribus basi testaceis. Macassar.

Black, coarsely puunctured ; prothorax and scutellum reddish

yellow ; elytra two-thirds the length of the abdomen, each with a

raised longitudinal line near the apex; the shoulders prominent.

Length 34 lines.

Merwoneda scitella. (Pl. XXV. fig. 3.)

M. atra; prothorace luteo; elytris maculé basali, antennis

articulis duobus ultimis, femoribusque posticis basi testaceis.

Borneo,

Black; prothorax yellow; elytra along the inner margin, two

last joints of the antenne and posterior thighs, at the base, tes-

taceous; in other respects closely resembles the last, but the

elytra are more elongate.

Length 23 to 32 lines.

Psilomerus? macilentus.

P. elongaius, obscure testaceus; prothorace elytrisque obso-

lete fusco-marginatis. Ceylon.

Elongate, dull testaceous; prothorax and elytra with an indis-

tinct brown or pitchy stripe externally, and across the base of the

latter ; antennz very long.

Length 5 lines.

As this genus has never been published, and I have only seen

an imperfect specimen of the original species in the British

Museum, it is not without a doubt that I refer this insect to

Psilomerus; it is, however, certainly very near it.

Hemitissa.

Head broad, very short; the eyes large, slightly emarginate ;

antennz moderate, the joints subequal, compressed, carinate ;

thorax uneven, narrower than the head, longer than broad ; elytra

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 239

lengthened, parallel, sub-depressed, apiculate; legs moderate,

femora clavate; tarsi short; prosternum produced,

This genus is formed for the Acanthoptera ‘gummosa of Perty.

What Acanthoptera is intended it is difficult to say, since Latreille

used the word to include Purpuricenus, Callichroma and the

Stenocori of Fabricius, but this arrangement was never adopted.

Hemilissa is closely allied to Piezocera, Serv.

Clytus Sappho.

C. niger; capite prothoraceque cinereis, hac obscure nigro-

cruciato; elytris basi lineis duabus, una transversa, altera

obliquo-longitudinali, lined suturali a scutello, fascia angusta

ante medium continua, fascia postica et macula apicali vire-

scentibus. Borneo.

Black, pubescent; head and thorax dull ashy grey, the latter

with an obscure black cruciate mark dividing it into four nearly

equal parts ; scutellum and line continuous with it across the base

of the elytra, an obliquely longitudinal line below it, and another

at the centre joining a band before the middle, followed by a

second below, and an oblong spot at the apex, greenish yellow ;

four last joints of the antenne and tarsi whitish ; metathorax and

abdomen with a close white pubescence ; eyes pale brown.

Length 5 lines.

A Clytus with something of the habit of C. plebewus.

Clytus cruentatus.

C. sub-depressus, ater; prothorace et macul4 magna circa

scutellum sanguineis. Malacca.

Rather depressed, black, very thickly punctured ; prothorax

and central portion of the elytra about the scutellum deep blood-

red, under surface paler; scutellum, breast and two first abdo-

minal segments with a silvery pubescence ; antennze stout.

Length 4 lines.

This belongs to the same group as C. Hardnicku, C. lunatus,

&c.

Clytus mustela.

C. niger elongatus; capite prothorace elytrisque basi rufo-

brunneis ; elytrorum linea basali arcuata fascia postica con-

tinuata et macula apicali oblonga viridi-luteus. Borneo.

Elongate, pubescent; head, thorax and base of the elytra

brownish red, rest of the elytra black, with a line curving down-

240 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

wards from the base, connected along the suture with a transverse

fascia and an oblong apical spot, greenish yellow; first seven

joints of the antennee, femora and tibiz black, the two latter with

the pubescence of a greenish hue, rest of the antennz and tarsi

white beneath, with the breast pale red, the remainder dull white ;

antennze testaceous, nearly as long as the body, the fourth joint

slightly spined ; prothorax oblong, elliptic.

Length 7 lines.

Clytus viverra.

C. cinereus, elongatus ; prothorace obsolete nigro-fasciato ;

elytris linea curvaté humerali media, alteraque lata versus

apicem, nigris. Borneo.

Elongate, pubescent, cinereous grey ; prothorax oblong, elliptic,

with an obscure black band; elytra with a curved line near the

shoulders, an arched band at the middle, and a broad one below,

black; legs and antennz black, with a sparse ashy pubescence, the

latter setaceous, rather shorter than the body, with the third and

fourth joints strongly spined at the apex.

Length 7 lines.

This and the above, with C. elongatulus and others, should

probably form a distinct group, but the whole genus requires a

revision.

Rhaphuma placida.

R. ‘pallide miniacea ; capite nigro ; elytris apice albo-marginatis,

maculis duabus nigris, altera pone medium (guttula alba ante

maculam), altera magna versus apicem; infra nigré albo-

varia. Macassar.

Pale red, inclining to orange ; head black, produced anteriorly,

with two rows of whitish hairs beneath the eyes; prothorax

elongate, elliptic; elytra narrow, the apex truncated, bordered

with white and succeeded by a large black patch, behind the

middle a white spot, followed by a larger black one; beneath

black, the breast covered with white hairs, the sides of the

metathorax and posterior margin of the abdominal segments

white ; antennz with the last six joints darker ; legs pale reddish,

the posterior pair nearly black.

Length 5 lines.

Very nearly allied to Clytus quadricolor (Lap. et Gory), and

probably also to the barbarously-named C. leucoscutellatus. The

former was the type of Dejean’s genus Rhaphium, but as that

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 241

name has been long preoccupied by a genus of Diptera, I have

altered it as above. It is distinguished from Clytus by its

elongated cylindrical form, narrow thorax, and head anteriorly

produced.

Cylindrepomus peregrinus.

C. ater; capite, prothorace marginibus, fasciisque elytrorum

cinereis; antennis longis; pedibus mediocribus. Borneo,

Java.

Dull black, with short appressed hairs; the head, margin of

the prothorax, band across the base of the elytra, a line com-

mencing near the scutellum and extending obliquely outwards,

band below this and apex, ashy grey; tarsi and lower part of

posterior tibia white; body beneath with a silvery grey pube-

scence; antennze twice the length of the body; legs (for this

genus) moderately long.

Length 64 lines.

Cylindrepomus letus.

C. ater; capite, prothoraceque supra, scutello, fasciisque ely-

trorum cinereis; antennis, pedibusque posticis longissimis.

Malacca.

Black, finely punctured with short appressed hairs ; upper part

of the head and prothorax, scutellum, three bands across the

elytra, the upper passing along the suture and spreading out so

as to connect itself with the second and oblong apical spot, ashy

grey; under surface leaden, with the sides white; palpi testa-

ceous ; legs slender, posterior pair and antenne very long.

Length 43 lines.

Cylindrepomus comis. (Pl. XXV. fig. 7.)

C. ruber; fronte, prothorace lateribus, elytris maculis quatuor

extus (margine connexis), antennis pedibusque atris; subtus,

tarsisque posticis albis. Borneo.

Pubescent, nearly impunctate, clear red, beneath but principally

at the sides white ; front of the head, stripe on the side of the

prothorax, four large spots on the elytra externally, but con-

nected at the margin, legs and antennz black; posterior

tibiz at the base and tarsi white.

Length 44 lines.

VOL. IV. N.S. PT. VI.—JAN. 1858, R

242 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

ARRHENOTUS.

Head small; eyes deeply divided; antennz distinct, slender,

longer than the body, first joint shorter than the third, the fourth

longest, the rest gradually diminishing ; prothorax transverse, wider

anteriorly (¢ ) than the elytra, flat, almost concave above; elytra

depressed, elongate, slightly tapering towards the apex ; legs

slender, of moderate length; mesosternum produced, prosternum

notched for its reception.

With very much the habit of Coptomma, this genus differs in the

eyes, prosternum and other characters; from 7'mesisternus and

allied genera, it may be distinguished by its more feebly developed

legs and antenne, &c. It is geographically interesting as being,

so far as we know at present, the most western representative,

unless we include Leptocera, of a sub-family confined to New

Zealand, New Guinea and the more eastern islands of the Indian

ocean.

Arrhenotus Wallacei. (Pl. XXV. fig. 1.)

A. niger, nitidus, punctatus; capite prothoraceque vittis latis

quatuor elytrisque guttis numerosis aureis, apice elytrorum

bimucronatis. Macassar.

Black, shining, smooth, four broad stripes on the head and

prothorax, and numerous spots on the elytra, formed by short

golden yellow hairs; antennz and legs pale brown; under surface

with a whitish pubescence; elytra bimucronate; eye rounded

above anteriorly.

Length 73 lines.

Phacellocera Batesii.

P. nigra, parce flavescente-pubescens, subtus plumbea ; anten-

nis longis, articulo tertio albo-annulato, apice nodoso; elytris

integris. Para.

Black, with a sparse pale yellowish pubescence, beneath plum-

beous; elytra rather short, entire, punctate at the base, the

pubescence here and there absent, giving them a mottled appear-

ance ; antenne rather long, the third joint nodose at the apex, with

a white ring below it.

Length, 6 lines.

I dedicate this species to Mr. Bates, to whose extensive researches

and accurate observations in the valley of the Amazons, extend-

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 243

ing over a period of many years, we owe so much. It differs both

from P. plumicornis and P. Buquetit in its shorter and entire

elytra having none of the irregularities of surface which dis-

tinguish these, nor has it any tuft on the antenne.

Mesosa perplexa.

M. niger, pube ochracea varia; elytris plag& transversa media

exteriori, albo-marginata. China Borealis.

Black, with an ochraceous pubescence dispersed in irregular

and indistinct patches on the head and prothorax in a longitudinal

direction, on the elytra more dispersed, but having about the

middle a transverse larger spot towards the side, around which

there is more or less of a white border; antennz with the first

joint variegated with ochre, the rest ochraceous at the base;

legs varied with black and ochraceous.

Length 7 lines.

Mesosa griseata.

M. fusca, pube grise4 varia; elytris punctatis, basi granulatis,

fascia obliqua irregulari versus apicem, apiceque grisels ;

antennis annulatis. Borneo.

Dark brown, pubescent, varied with grey ; space round the eye

and line in front, various indistinct patches on the prothorax and

elytra, and particularly an oblique band near the apex, the apex

itself, and the bases of all the joints of the antennz, a pale cinereous

grey ; legs and under surface with a pale pubescence, the lower

parts of the tibize, and the last two tarsal joints, black.

Length 7 lines.

DriopEa.

Head short, vertical, narrower than the thorax ; antennz longer

than the body, first joint moderate, shorter than the third, which,

with the rest, are about equal; palpi short; prothorax narrower

than the elytra; equal in length and breadth, broader behind,

with a small tooth at the sides: elytra depressed, narrowing

towards the apex ; legs slender, moderate, the posterior longer.

The affinities of this curious little insect appear to be with

Lewopus. In some respects it approaches Mimorpha.

R 2

. 244 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

Driopea clytina. (P). XXYV. fig. 2.)

D. atra setosa; prothorace, scutello elytrisque macula lunari

humerali, fascia pone medium et apiceque cinereis, subtus

argenteo-pubescente. Malacca.

Black, with a very short pubescence ; prothorax and scutellum

ashy grey ; elytra bimucronate, finely punctured, furnished with a

few erect setose hairs, and having a large semilunar patch on each

shoulder, a narrower band behind, and an oblong sutural spot at

the apex, ashy grey ; under surface covered with short silvery white

hairs.

Length 33 lines.

GyYAanitTus.

Head narrower than the thorax, antennz distant ciliated, the

joints thick, the first very stout, the third and fourth longest, the

rest subequal ; thorax short, spined at the sides and back; elytra

narrow, convex, rounded at the apex, and spined at the base; legs

moderate, simple.

Allied to Pogonocherus, from which it principally differs in its

thickened antennz, and in having the fourth joint straight, not

curved,

Gyaritus hamatus. (Pl. XXV. fig. 6.)

G. purpureo-ater variegatus hispidus ; prothorace dorso bispinoso,

lateribus utrinque unidentatis ; elytris striatis basi spinosis,

fasciis obliquis duabus ante medium canis, fascia transvers&

prope apicem alba. Borneo.

Purplish black, with long erect setulose hairs ; prothorax

roughly punctate, with two transverse approximate recurved

spines in the centre, and a small sharp tooth on each side ; elytra

with a sharp hooked spine at the base, the basal half obscurely

varied with grey and purplish black, below this a broad band

of the latter colour, followed by a narrower white one, the apex

again purplish black; legs and antenne reddish brown.

Length 2 lines.

Putyarus.

Head short, rather broad in front, not narrower than the

thorax ; eyes large, deeply emarginate; antennz distant, stout,

qnd Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. - 245

ciliated, about as long as the body, the first joint large, the third

and fourth equal, the rest gradually diminishing; prothorax

uneven, with a spine at the side; elytra somewhat depressed,

wider than the thorax; legs moderate, the middle and posterior

tibize strongly toothed.

The strongly toothed middle and posterior tibiz distinguish

this genus from Exocentrus, which appears to be its nearest ally.

Phlyarus basalis. (PI). XXV. fig. 5.)

P. fuscus parce pilosus; elytris striatis, basi rubris; antennis

pedibusque piceis. Borneo.

Dark brown, sparingly hairy above, head and prothorax paler;

elytra coarsely striated, particularly at the base, which is of a

brick-red colour, passing into the brown of the remainder ;

autennze and legs pitchy.

Length 23 lines,

Monohammus gravidus.

M. fusco-piceus, griseo-pubescens; prothorace parvo, transyerso,

lateribus fortiter spinosis; elytris amplis albo-irroratis, sin-

gulis plagd magna media albida. Borneo.

Pitchy brown, with a greyish white pubescence; prothorax

small, transverse, with a very strong spine on each side, and a few

black granulations posteriorly; elytra large, convex, apiculate,

with two slightly raised lines, and sparingly covered with short

hairs, the shining surface of the elytron beneath giving them a

somewhat silvery lustre, here and there the hairs more densely

placed, having the appearance of spots, a very large one below

the middle of the elytron being very marked ; under surface with

a greyish metallic pubescence; antenne scarcely longer than the

body; eyes brown; tips of the mandibles and palpi pitchy ;

epistoma and labrum with rusty red hairs.

Length 21 lines.

Rather different in habit from other Monohammi, but evidently

allied to Hammaticherus marmoratus, Westw.

Monohammus vicinus.

M. olivaceo-aureus, sericeo-undulatus; prothorace tenuiter

spinoso, medio longitudinaliter impresso. China Borealis.

This is closely allied to M. permutans, but is smaller and nar-

rower, with the lateral spine less produced, and arising from a

246 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

broader base, the antennz less distinctly annulate, and the colour

darker; a longitudinal impressed mark on the prothorax, not a

transverse one as in M. permutans. It may be remarked that a

little moisture permanently changes the colour of the insect into

a dull brown, which is its not unfrequent state in collections.

Length 73 lines.

Monohammus curialis.

M. capite prothoraceque sericeo-brunneis; elytris punctatis

canescentibus, maculA basali fusc&é pone medium, fascia

obliqua, extus latiore, brunne4; antennis (¢ ) annulatis ar-

ticulis 1—5 incrassatis. China Borealis.

Head and prothorax rich silky brown; elytra rather sparingly

punctured, without granulations at the shoulders, a dark brown

spot at the base, and an oblique band behind the middle, broader

at the sides on each, the apex with a slightly reddish tinge; eyes

black; antennz rich brown, the first five joints in the male

thickened, the fourth to the tenth pale at the base; legs grey,

thighs, lower part of the four posterior tibiz, tarsi and claws

brown.

Length 9 lines.

Monohammus sobrius.

M. obscure brunneus ; prothorace subpunctato fortiter spinoso ;

scutello concolore ; antennis annulatis. China Borealis.

Dull brown, sparingly clothed with short hairs; prothorax

feebly punctured, narrow, with a strong spine on each side; elytra

rather thlekly punctured, not granulated ; antennz with the joints

from the fourth to the ninth paler at the base.

Length 6 lines.

Monohammus proletarius.

M. fuscus, dense cinereo-pubescens; prothorace lined sub-

elevata media longitudinali; elytris sub-angustis; antennis

longis ( # ) articulo octo incrassato. Macassar.

Brown, with a fine thickly set ashy-grey pubescence; pro-

thorax rather narrow, with a strong spine at the side and a slightly

elevated smooth longitudinal’ median line; elytra narrow, finely

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 247

punctured, without granulations; antennz with the eighth joint

thickened.

Length 6 lines.

This and the last are allied to M. fistulator, Germ.

ACALOLEPTA.

. Head rather broad, the antennz long, distant at the base ;

prothorax rounded, equal, toothed at the sides; elytra rather

small; legs moderately strong.

In deference to the high authority of M. Chevrolat I propose

this genus for a little insect, which, except that the antenne

are more distant at the base, and with rather a different habit, has

little generically to distinguish it from Monohammus.

Acalolepta pusio. (Pl. XXV. fig. 4.)

A. obscuro-brunneus ; prothorace spina laterali minutd; elytris

apice rotundatis,; pedibus flavo-brunneis; antennis 3—10

basi pallidis. Borneo.

Dull brown; prothorax rounded, the lateral spine small ;

elytra pubescent, regularly punctured; legs light brown; an-

tenne with the joints from the third to the tenth pale at base.

Length 3 lines.

4Erenea trigona.

A. fusca; maculé magna triangulari (apice versus scutellum)

prothorace verticeque communi, brunnea; elytris basi tuber-

culatis, dein punctatis, parce hirsutis, macula laterali scutel-

loque brunneis. Brasilia.

Dark brown, a large triangular patch commencing between the

eyes and extending over the prothorax, with the apex at the

scutellum pale cinnamon brown; elytra with tubercles at the base,

the rest punctured with short stiff hairs scattered over the surface,

a patch at the side, and the scutellum pale brown; antennz and

legs brown, annulated; under surface dark brown, the three

middle abdominal segments cinnamon.

Length 5 lines.

Roprica.

Head moderate; eyes deeply divided ; antennz distant, naked,

as long as the body, the third joint longest, the rest gradually

248 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

diminishing ; scutellum transverse ;. thorax unarmed, the sides

nearly parallel, and about equal in length and breadth; elytra

convex, rather broader behind, and sloped towards the apex;

legs very short, mesotibize toothed.

This genus must, I think, be referred to the vicinity of

Praonetha.

Ropica piperata.

R. grisea, punctata; elytris nigro-irroratis, maculis parvis albis

conspersis ; antennis pedibusque fuscis. Borneo.

Brownish grey, thickly punctured above; elytra with numerous

black points, and a few small patches, among which, principally at

the suture and apex, are a few small white spots; legs and an-

tennze dark brown.

Length 3 lines.

Ropica posticalis. (Pl. XXVI. fig. 4.)

R. fusca; elytris striato-punctatis, macul4 magna apicali

obscuré grisea. Hong Kong.

Dark brown; head and prothorax thickly punctured, the latter

with a longitudinal greyish spot on each side at the base; elytra

punctate-striate, an obscure irregular greyish patch at the

shoulder, and another larger, but more clearly defined, covering

the sloping portion of the elytra.

SYNELASMA.

Head narrower than the thorax; the antennz distant, short,

the first four joints twice the length of the rest together, these last

furnished beneath with a row of thickly set hairs; eyes small,

deeply emarginate; thorax transverse, wider behind, uneven,

with a tubercle on each side anteriorly ; elytra convex, broader

than the thorax, the sides parallel, apex rounded ; legs stout.

This curious genus ought, I think, to be referred to the neigh-

bourhood of Praonetha; it is very likely that the comb-like ap-

pendages of the antennz are merely sexual.

Synelasma bufo. (Pl. XXVI. fig. 1.)

S. fusca, rugosa, griseo-lanuginosa; elytris tuberculatis, basi

ferrugineis, lateribus ante medium plagé magna ochraced

ornata; antennis annulatis. Borneo.

Brown, with a grey woolly pubescence, which is very sparse,

except on the elytra ; head rounded above, broad and flat in front ;

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 249

prothorax rough, with black irregular crowded tubercles ; scutel-

lum transverse; elytra uneven, with numerous granulated tuber-

cles, some bearing a short stiff hair, and having three or four

elevated lines on the disc and towards the shoulder, where it

almost forms a crest, at the side and before the middle a large

irregular ochraceous patch, the base and scutellum ferruginous

brown ; antennz with the tips of the third and fourth and last

seven joints black, the base of the fourth white on one side; me-

sosternum slightly produced.

Length 63 lines.

Moron.

Head narrower than the thorax ; antennz short, distant, the

first four joints longer than the rest together ; eyes small, widely

emarginate ; thorax narrow in front, entire; elytra wider than

the thorax, tuberous at the base, gradually diminishing at the

sides; legs stout.

Near Praonetha, which differs in the prothorax narrowed behind,

elytra, &c.

Moron distigma. (Pl. XXVI. fig. 2.)

M. piceus, crasse punctatus, pube griseo-ochraced parce ves-

titus; elytris basi tuberoque granulatis, macula rotunda

ochraceé pone medium; antennis articulo quarto basi pal-

lidis. Borneo.

Pitchy, with very coarse punctures, the intervals covered with

short greyish yellow hairs; elytra granulated at the base and on

the tubers, behind the middle a round ochraceous spot; antennz

brown, the tips of the third and fourth joints, and all of the re-

mainder black, the fourth pale ochre at the base.

Length 6 lines.

Cacia picticornis.

C. fusca flavo-guttata; antennis pedibusque atris albo-macu-

latis, articulo quarto subtus barbato. Borneo.

Pubescent, brown; head, below the eye, with a large triangular

whitish patch ; prothorax and elytra with several well-defined

buff-coloured spots ; antenne black, base of the third and fourth

(which is strongly bearded beneath), and the whole of the fifth

joint, pure white; legs black, annulated; the two first joints of

250 Mr. F, P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

all the tarsi white; mandibles and legs black; under surface

greyish.

Length 5 lines.

Symphyletes maculicornis.

S. atra, pube densissim4 grisea fulvo-varia; unguibus atris

nitentibus ; antennis albo-maculatis. Flumen Cygnorum.

Densely covered with short appressed hair, except the claws

and mandibles, which are glossy black; general colour light grey-

ish brown, with three or four fulvons yellow bands on the pro-

thorax, and numerous irregular spots in transverse rows on the

elytra, which have also two or three large whitish patches along

the suture; under surface light grey, the margins of the abdominal

segments yellow ; eyes brown.

Length 11 lines.

Symphyletes lateralis.

S. atra, dense brunneo-pubescens, supra cano-varia; elytris

lateribus argenteo-sericeis ; antennis nigris albo-pilosis.

Flumen Cygnorum.

Covered with a short dense pubescence ; upper surface, palpi,

and sides of the breast and abdomen beneath, light brown ; face,

patch behind the eye and one on the side of the prothorax, scu-

tellum, a large blotch below it, and three or four spots near the

apex, pale greyish; sides of the elytra rich silvery white ; under

part of the femora and sides of the tibiz more or less whitish ;

middle of the mesosternum and abdomen silky white; antenne

whitish, with long hairs beneath.

Length 8 lines.

In both these species of Sumpuitee the elytra have several

small black shining tubercles, particularly on their basal half.

Ecrua@a.

Body oblong, sub-cylindrical ; head broad but very short, con-

cave in front (g¢ horned); eyes small, deeply emarginate ; an-

tenn distant, arising from a short peduncle, and scarcely longer

than the body, the first joint moderate, the third longest, the re-

mainder gradually diminishing; thorax rough; elytra widest at

the base, decreasing slightly towards the apex, which is somewhat

dilated; legs stout, short, the anterior longest; the tarsi short;

with tis wee joint ltoe!

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 251

This genus is founded for the reception of the Cerambyz quadri-

cornis of Olivier, the Sthenias signatifrons, Dej. Its characters

approximate it to Oncideres and Eudesmus.

Sthenias dorsalis.

S. fuscus, hirtus; elytris basi cristatis, fascia media lata, extus

dilatata, alba. India.

Dark brown, covered with short appressed hair; head between

the eyes produced, with a short spine at the base of each antenna;

prothorax coarsely punctured; elytra with a short longitudinal

crest at the base of each and a broad white band below, much

dilated towards the external margins, the apex obliquely truncate ;

legs short, brown; the posterior femora and tarsi varied with

white; under surface brown.

Length 7 lines. ‘

Eumathes undatus.

E. fusco-piceus, griseo-pubescens ; elytris sub-depressis ad su-

turam concavis, punctatis, hirtis, fusco-undatis. Espiritu

Santo.

Pitchy brown, with a grey pubescence; prothorax slightly

pointed at the sides; elytra rather depressed and hollowed out

towards the suture, irregularly punctured, the punctures with a

short stiff hair arising from the bottom of each, and having the

pubescence varied with dark irregular somewhat waved transverse

lines or patches; antennz longer than the body, sparingly ciliated

beneath, and with the apices brown; beneath and legs hairy ;

prosternum produced.

Length 53 lines.

Alphitopola maculosa.

A. piceo-fusca, albo-pubescens ; capite prothoraceque lineo-

‘latis; elytris maculis magnis albis subconfluentibus ; palpis

rufo-brunneis. Natal.

Pitchy brown, pubescent ; eyes, labrum and antennz brown ;

palpi pale reddish brown ; head and prothorax with five narrow

stripes ; elytra with rather obscure large tessellated and some-

times nearly confluent white spots; under surface pure white ;

legs pale brown, with a slight whitish pubescence.

Length 5 lines.

252 Mr. F. P, Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

Dorcadion ? spinipenne.

D. nigrum, rugosum, parce pubescens ; prothorace creberrime

punctato, lateribus spina tenui armatis; elytris basi tuber-

culatis, humeris bispinosis; antennis corpore longioribus.

Africa Australis.

Brownish black, sparingly pubescent, the prothorax nearly as

broad as the elytra, with a slender spine at the side, and very

thickly punctured; elytra widest about the middle, then tapering

to the apex, tuberculate at the base, with two strong spines, one

at the angle, the other near the suture ; legs rather slender; eyes

small; antenne longer than the body in both sexes; pro- and

mesosternum simple; scutellum nearly obsolete.

Length 6 lines.

If a Dorcadion at all, this can only be regarded as a very

abberrant species, but it will probably be eventually elevated into

a genus; the Dorcadion Indicum of Guerin is not unlikely to be

congeneric.

BuMmetoprtra.

Body oblong, oval, depressed ; head very broad, low in front ;

eyes lateral, small, deeply emarginate ; mandibles very large ;

palpi short ; antennze moderate, widely apart, the third and fourth

joints longer than the first, the rest shorter ; prothorax transverse,

entire ; elytra nearly ovate; legs moderate.

In many of its characters this genus accords with Talepora

and Apomecyna, but the great breadth of the head and largely

developed jaws will at once distinguish it.

Bumetopia oscitans. (Pl. XXVI. fig. 7.)

B. fusca, pube grisescente tecta; elytris punctatis, versus

apicem obsolete trimaculatis. Hong Kong.

Brown, with a greyish or greyish buff pubescence, and with

the whole upper surface irregularly punctured; prothorax very

slightly toothed at the side; elytra at its lower third with three

buff-coloured obscure spots.

Length 6 lines.

Hathlia zebrina.

H. alba; capite prothoraceque vittis tribus nigris; elytris

maculis albis punctisque nigris variegatis, India.

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 253

Densely covered with short thick appressed hairs; head and

prothorax white, a black line behind each eye and another between,

continued on the prothorax; elytra varied with black and white,

on the disc a few curved white patches and small rounded spots,

principally at the suture, the apex white with a few black points

and impressed punctures; antennz and legs black, under surface

whitish.

Length 63 lines.

Apomecyna binubila.

A. fusca, punctata, pubescens; capite, prothorace, elytrisque

ferrugineis, brunneo-variis, his plagis magnis griseis, longitu-

dinaliter dispositis ; antennis annulatis. Natal.

Dark brown, coarsely punctured with a ferruginous pubescence,

varied with brownish and having two large clouded grey patches

on each elytron, one near the base, the other towards the apex ;

antenne and legs dull brown, the former with the joints grey at

base and apex ; elytra truncate at the apex.

Length 5 lines. .

Apomecyna atomaria.

A. fusca, pube griseo-varia, obscure albo-irrorata, et crasse

punctata; antennis pedibusque fuscis. Natal.

Dark brown, sparingly pubescent, strongly and coarsely punc-

tured; the whole upper surface greyish brown, very obscurely

spotted with white; elytra divaricate and obtusely pointed at

the apex.

Length 43 lines.

Dasyo.

Head moderate, the width of the thorax; antenne distant,

not longer than the body, the joints thickened, having the first

and third about equal and longest, the rest gradually decreas-

ing; palpi short; thorax not spined, equal but wider in the

middle ; elytra depressed, nearly parallel, the apex rounded; legs

short.

This genus should be placed near Ptericoptus, Dej.; it has the

habit of some Hebestole..

254 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

Dasyo lineata. (Pl. XXVI. fig. 8.)

D. fusco-picea, hirsuto-pilosa; prothorace scutelloque linea

pallidA communi longitudinali; antennis valde incrassatis

longe pilosis; mandibulis piceis. Natal.

Brown, inclining to pitchy, covered with short hairs and having

numerous longer ones interspersed, particularly on the elytra;

prothorax with a fine brownish white line extending to the scutel-

lum; under surface with short appressed hairs ; mandibles pitchy.

Length 43 lines.

Dasyo improba.

D. fusco-picea, hirsuta, pilosa; prothorace scutelloque concolo-

ribus, antennis mediocribus parce pilosis, mandibulis fuscis.

Natal.

Brown, inclining to pitchy, pubescent, with numerous semi-erect

hairs; antenne rather shorter than the body, the joints mo-

derately thick and hairy; mandibles brown; under surface slightly

hairy.

Length 33 lines.

IoLe.

Body short, oblong; head wider than the thorax; antenne

much longer than the body, simple, with the joints sub-equal (ex-

cept the second); eyes deeply emarginate; prothorax equal in

length and breadth ; elytra parallel, convex, wider than the thorax ;

legs moderate ; tarsi short.

Nearly allied to Sertata, from which it is principally dis-

tinguished by its smooth antennz and more convex body.

Tole prolata.

I. validiuscula, rubro-fulva; antennis mediocribus; prothorace

marginato. Borneo.

Tawny yellow, with a reddish tint; eyes and tips of the mandi-

bles black ; antennz from the extremity of the fourth joint brown;

prothorax margined, the disc sinuated posteriorly on either side ;

elytra punctate-striate, pubescent, with semi-erect hairs inter-

spersed.

Length 4 lines.

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 255

Tole longicornis.

I. fulvo-testacea; antennis longioribus, articulis duobus primis

nigris. Malacca.

Rather dull testaceous yellow; eyes, first and second joints of

the antennz, and tips of the third to the sixth, black, the remainder

brown; prothorax obscurely margined; elytra punctate-striate,

slightly hairy.

Length 23 lines.

Tole literata. (Pl. XXV. fig. 9.)

I. fulvo-testacea ; prothorace vittd laterali fusca; elytris lineis

duabus una transversd basali, alteraé ad marginem nigris;

antennis longis. Macassar.

Dull testaceous yellow; eyes and tips of the mandibles black ;

antenne long, becoming darker towards the end; prothorax with

a broad but rather obscure stripe at the side; elytra punctate-

striate, somewhat silky, particularly at the apex; a narrow black

line across the base, and another united to it at a right angle, ex-

tending half way down the side and near the margin.

Length 3 lines.

Tole nigripes.

I, testaceo-brunnea; oculis, antennarum articulis primis tribus,

corpore infra, pedibusque nigris. Malacca.

Dull testaceous brown, darker on the head ; prothorax slightly

margined and delicately punctured; elytra punctate-striate with

a very thin pubescence ; eyes, three first joints of the antenne,

legs and body beneath, black.

Length 33 lines.

ANOMGSIA.

Body oblong, sub-depressed ; head rather broad in front ;

antenne longer than the body, the third joint very short, the’ rest,

second excepted, more or less equal; eyes lateral, deeply emar-

ginate ; prothorax narrow, unarmed; elytra broader than the

thorax, parallel, slightly depressed, the apex rounded; legs

moderate.

A genus of the Saperdoid group, but with the remarkable

character of having the third antennal joint very short.

256 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

Anomeesia fulvida. * (Pl. XXV. fig. 8.)

A. rubro-testacea, pube subsericea fulva; oculis, antennis, pedi-

busque nigris. Natal.

Pale reddish or orange, with a somewhat silky pubescence,

antenne, eyes, and legs black, under surface silvery.

Length 3 lines.

Amphionycha albina.

A. brunnea dense griseo-albo-pubescens; antennis, prothorace

maculis quatuor, pedibusque nigris, his albo-pubescentibus.

Guatemala.

Light brown, with a greyish white pubescence; antennz, four

spots on the prothorax—two anterior and two posterior—and legs

black ; body beneath with a white pubescence, the breast leaden.

Length 44 lines.

Amphionycha vittata.

A. testaceo-brunnea, pube pallide-viridi-flava tecta ; elytris basi

bivittatis, antennis piceis. Espiritu Santo.

Testaceous-brown, covered with a pale greenish yellow pube-

scence, on the prothorax more nearly the colour of sulphur ; elytra

each with two broad stripes, caused by the absence (or nearly so)

of pubescence, one sutural the other lateral, and gradually dis-

appearing before the apex; antenne pitchy; eyes black.

Length 65 lines.

Pheea acromela.

P. nigra, nitida; capite prothoraceque coccineis, hoc macula

nigra ornata. Mexico.

Black, shining, with a few long hairs scattered over the body ;

head and thorax bright vermilion, the latter with a central black

spot ; elytra coarsely punctate.

Length 43 lines.

Pheea miniata. -

P. miniata, nitida ; oculis, antennis, articulo primo basi excepto,

tibiis tarsisque nigris.’ Venezuela.

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 257

Bright vermilion, with a few longish hairs ; eyes, antennz, ex-

cept the basal part of the first joint, tibiz and tarsi, black; pro-

thorax and elytra finely punctured ; front below the eyes produced.

Length 4 lines.

Amphionycha cephalotes.

A. fulvo-testacea; elytris subsericeo-grisescentibus, marginibus,

antennis, articulis quatuor apicalibus exceptis, tibiisque

posticis nigris. Para.

Head and thorax testaceous yellow; elytra somewhat silky,

greyish, the external margins black; under surface and legs

testaceous, except the posterior tibie, which, with the eyes and

antenne, are black, the four last joints of the latter, however,

being pale yellow.

Length 32 lines.

Head rather wider than the thorax, which is somewhat narrower

than the elytra, the latter slightly contracted in the middle and

rounded at the apex.

Saperda erythaca.

S. nigra; capite luted, prothoraceque subtilissime punctatis; elytris

fuliginosis, disco pallidiori. Natal.

Head luteous red, and with the thorax very finely punctured,

the latter, eyes, antennze, body beneath, and legs dull black;

elytra coarsely punctured, smoky black, with the dine pales

Length 4 lines.

Saperda Bohemani.

S. atra, cinereo-pubescens; capite, prothoraceque mediocriter

eee or baa sie

punctatis, hoc utrinque trituberculato; elytris punctatis,

punctis magnis nigro-nitidis; antennis annulatis. Natal.

Black, with a cinereous pubescence; prothorax with six shining

black tubercles, two near the anterior margin and two on each

side; elytra covered with large black shining punctures, caused

by the absence of pubescence; antennz black, the basal half of

each joint, from the third to the last inclusive, and under surface

and legs, cinereous.

Length 5 lines.

This is the §. trrorata, Boh. of collections, but as there is already

a Fabrician Saperda of that name, and, moreover, it has not been

published, I have altered it as above, and dedicated it to the well

VOL, IV. N.S. PT. VIL—-APR. 1858. s

258 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

known Swedish naturalist. This and the S. erythaca, described

above, differ from the true Saperde in the antennz being clavi-

form, with the third joint not longer than the first or following

ones.

Glenea collaris.

G. nigra ; fronte prothoraceque fascié posticA pallide-ochraceis ;

elytris fusco-olivaceis sub-levigatis, lineis duabus, una suturali

altera exteriori griseis; palpis, femoribus tibiisque basi tes-

taceis. Borneo.

Front of the head and cheeks, and broad band on the prothorax

behind, pale ochre yellow ; elytra olive brown, with a narrow stripe

along the suture, and another from the shoulder to the apex, dull

greyish; palpi, femora, and upper part of the tibice, testaceous.

Length 6 lines.

Glenea extensa.

G. olivacea, nigro-pubescens ; capite, prothorace elytrisque

lineis ochraceis, corpore subtus vittis albis ornatis; antennis

articulo tertio apice albo. Borneo.

Olive, with a black velvety pubescence ; head, thorax and elytra

with longitudinal distinct buff yellow lines, one behind the eye,

another in front ascending to the vertex, where it nearly unites with

its fellow; on the prothorax five, the lowermost rather indistinct ;

on the elytra an interrupted line on the suture, and another from

the shoulder to the apex, between these, one short and oblique at

the base, and in the middle a transverse lunar mark; body be-

neath with two white stripes ; antennz black, apex of the third

joint snowy white.

Length 8 lines.

Allied to G. versuta, Newm.

Glenea relicta.

G. atra, sub-nitida; capite, scutello, corpore subtus, protho-

raceque lineis tribus albis; elytris olivaceis, albo-guttatis ;

pedibus fuscis. China Borealis.

Black, slightly shining ; face, scutellum and body beneath with

a white pubescence, vertex and prothorax black, the latter with

three white stripes; elytra olive brown, coarsely punctured with

five white spots on each ; antenne and legs dark brown, the four

posterior femora testaceous at the base, tarsi with a white pu-

bescence.

Length 4 lines.

Affinity with G, novem-maculata, Dj.

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 259

Gienea blandina.

G. atra, subtus parce albo-pubescens ; prothorace lineis, ely-

trisque maculis czeruleis ornatis ; subtus pedibusque testaceis.

Borneo.

Black ; cheeks and stripe in front of each eye, three lines on

the prothorax, and occasionally its posterior margin, scutellum

and five or six small round spots on each elytron, cobalt blue ;

legs and under surface testaceous, the latter and tarsi with a

white pubescence ; antennz with the first three joints blue in-

ternally.

Length 6 lines.

Near G. novem-maculata, Dj.

Glenea despecta.

G. nigra; fronte, prothorace, lineis tribus cum scutello et cor-

pore subtus albis; elytris fuscis, sub-levigatis, obscure

lineatis ; antennis nigris, articulis tribus ultimis albis; pe-

dibus testaceis. Borneo.

Black; front, cheeks, three stripes on the prothorax, scutellum,

and body beneath, white; elytra dark brown, finely punctured,

nearly smooth, with an obscure line on the suture, another ex-

ternally between them, a shorter one at the base, a spot about

the middle, and another at the apex, all a pale greyish white; legs

testaceous ; antennz black, the three last joints white.

Length 4 lines.

Glenea detrita.

G. fusca; prothorace lineis quinque elytrisque sutura, lined

interrupta extus et maculis obscure-griseis; pedibus brunneis;

corpore subtus pallide citrinis. Macassar.

Brown; head with the face and body beneath pale lemon

yellow; prothorax with five and elytra with the suture, an ex-

ternal interrupted line and six or seven irregular spots, a very

dull greyish white ; legs pale brown, the tarsi black, but covered,

as well as the lower part of the tibize, with white hairs.

Length 5 lines.

Glenea rufina.

G. rufo-castanea; antennis tarsisque nigris, elytris parce punc-

tatis dense griseo-pubescentibus. Burmah.

260 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

Reddish chesnut; eyes, antennz and tarsi black; elytra spar-

ingly punctured, with three slightly elevated lines at the base

and covered with a dense grey pubescence.

Length 7 lines.

Glenea pulchella.

G. atra, pubescens; fronte, prothorace lateribus, elytrisque

basi et maculis duabus communibus sulphureis; antennis—

articulis duabus primis exceptis—pedibusque testaceis. Ma-

lacca.

Black, densely pubescent; front, cheeks, sides of the thorax,

scutellum, base and two large confluent spots on the elytra,

sulphur yellow; sides of the mesothorax and three middle ab-

dominal segments paler; antennz (the first two joints black)

and legs testaceous,

Length 4 lines.

Glenea vexator.

G. fulvo-testacea; antennis, apice elytrorum, pedibus quatuor

posticis, metathorace, abdomineque infra nigris. Ceylon.

Fulvous yellow, inclining to testaceous; antennz, eyes, apex

of the elytra, four posterior legs, and body below (except the

prosternum), black. Elytra with a few scattered hairs, and

punctured in about six rows; head short, broad and rounded in

front, labrum nearly naked.

Length 5 lines.

Phebe cretifera.

P. fulvo-castanea, guttis magnis niveis ornatis; antennis

articulo primo nigro. Brasilia.

Yellowish chesnut, pubescent; head, several large spots above

and sides of breast and abdomen, snowy white; basal joint of

antenna and eyes black, the former with white hairs on one side;

gibbosities in front brown(¢ only); prothorax with four spots

and two on each side below, each elytron with seven spots, in-

cluding two also at the side and towards the base.

Length 7 lines,

A well known Rio insect, hitherto, I believe, undescribed.

_and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 261

Oberea annulicornis.

O. elongata, brunnea; elytris apicem versus lateribusque nigris ;

antennis nigris, articulo septimo carneo. Macassar.

Elongate, light brown, inclining to testaceous; head and pro-

thorax finely punctured; elytra coarsely punctured, shading into

black towards the apex, the sides wholly black; eyes and an-

tenne black, the latter with the seventh joint flesh-coloured ;

mesothorax and abdomen beneath silky, black.

Length 7 lines.

Oberea rubetra.

O. elongata, rubro-brunnea; elytris (suturd pallidiori), antennis

pedibusque nigris. Sumatra, Borneo, &c.

Elongate, light brown, with a reddish tint; head and prothorax

very delicately and sparingly punctured; elytra coarsely punc-

tured, black, lighter or smoke-coloured along the suture; eyes,

antennz, body beneath, and legs black.

Length 83 lines.

Oberea inclusa.

O. nigro-cinerea; prothorace, elytris (circa scutellum) pedi-

busque testaceo-brunneis, oculis antennisque nigris. China

Borealis.

Blackish grey; prothorax, scutellum, base of the elytra near

it and legs testaceous brown; antenne and eyes black; elytra

coarsely punctured, with a faintly raised line in the middle.

Length 6 lines.

Oberea sylvia.

O. testaceo-brunnea; elytris brunneis, lateribus nigris; capite,

oculis, antennisque fuscis; segmento ultimo abdomine nigro.

China Borealis.

Testaceous brown ; head, antenne and eyes dark brown; elytra

light dull brown, paler at the base, the external margins and last

segment of the abdomen black.

Length 63 lines.

All the above have the thorax about equal in length and breadth;

the three species which follow have the thorax longer than wide.

262 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

Oberea ophidiana.

O. elongata, linearis, testaceo-fusca; capite antennisque nigris ;

prothorace cervino; pedibus nitentibus fuscis, femoribus

anticis rufis. Borneo.

Long, linear and very narrow; head, antennz and eyes black ;

prothorax brownish yellow; elytra and abdomen dull testaceous ;

legs dark brown, shining, the anterior femora brownish red; last

abdominal segment black,

Length 8 lines.

Oberea viperina.

O. elongata, linearis, fusca; capite, pedibus antennisque nigris ;

prothorace cervino. Burmah.

Linear, elongate, narrow, blackish brown; head, legs, antennz

and last abdominal segment black; prothorax brownish yellow ;

elytra obscurely punctured.

Length 63 lines.

Oberea umbrosa.

O. linearis, testaceo-brunnea; elytris extus nigro-limbatis ;

oculis anoque nigris; antennis fuscis, articulo septimo

testaceo, Macassar.

Linear, testaceous brown; from the external margin of the elytron

a black border, which gradually increasing in breadth, covers

obliquely the apex; eyes and posterior half of the last abdominal

segment black ; antenne dark brown, the seventh joint testaceous ;

elytra strongly punctured.

Length 6 lines.

Some of the above may be referrible to Jsosceles Newman,

but I cannot distinguish that genus from Oberea.

Dirpuya.

Head vertical, narrower than the thorax, short and rounded in

front; antennz longer than the body, the joints cylindrical, the

third longest, the rest sub-equal; palpi slender; prothorax equal

in length and breadth, its dise uneven; elytra long and narrow,

spatulate and rounded at the apex; legs robust.

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 263

Instituted for the reception of Necydalis nigricornis of Olivier ;

with Necydalis, however, it has nothing to do, belonging to quite

another group, and, in fact, is not far removed from Oberea.

Carterica cinctipennis.

C. atra; capite linea frontali, prothorace vitta laterali, elytris

plaga humerali fascidque lata pone medium, croceis. Para.

Deep black ; line between the eyes, stripe on the prothorax at

the side extending to the shoulder, and broad band across the

elytra, behind the middle, rich saffron yellow; antenne very

slender, black, more than twice the length of the body; elytra

rounded internally towards the apex, externally produced into a

spine, and with three elevated lines disappearing towards the apex.

Length 5 lines.

The Saperda mucronata, Ol. (1, f. 10), appears to be allied to

this species.

. Onocephala picta.

O. fusca; elytris seriatim punctatis, lineis duabus, una humerali

altera suturali, maculis quinque scutelloque, lete ochraceis ;

antennis hirtis, articulo tertio elongato. Espiritu Santo.

Dark chocolate brown, a line of hairs on the cheek and patch

on the mandibles, pale yellow; epistome, labrum and palpi red-

dish brown; antennez hairy, particularly the third, fourth, and

fifth joints, the third very long; prothorax longer than broad,

very minutely plicate; elytra regularly punctate, stripe at the

shoulder, another along the suture, three spots below and two at

the sides composed of very short hairs, and scutellum bright

ochre yellow; body beneath pitchy brown.

Length 8 lines.

Onocephala ? metallica.

O. viridi-zenea, nitidissima; elytris punctato-hirtis; antennis

‘ chalybeis (prothorace lateribus denticulato; scutello tri-

angulari). Para.

Brassy, shining with a tinge of green, and more or less covered

with setulose hairs; prothorax about equal in length and breadth,

with a very small but distinct tooth at the side; elytra regularly

punctate, a short stiff hair arising from each puncture; antennz

dark blue-black, with a few short hairs; legs and body below

blueish-black ; mesosternum produced, bilobed in front ; scutellum

triangular.

Length 6 lines.

264 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

In the poststernal process and triangular scutellum this species

departs from the rest of the genus; the colour is also peculiar.

Dorcasta.

Head narrow, the face inferior, eyes deeply emarginate, the upper

portion very narrow, antenne approximate, as long as the body,

the joints gradually diminishing from the first (second excepted),

thickened throughout and ciliated beneath ; thorax narrow, longer

than wide; elytra scareely wider than the thorax, slightly dilated

at the side, apiculate externally; legs very short, meso-tarsus

toothed.

Very nearly allied to Spalacopsis, Newman, but differs in the

undivided although deeply emarginate eye, With Systene,* Adpro-

sopus, Tetraglenes and Eucomatocera these insects form a small

natural group, distinguished by their thickened antennz, very

generally divided eyes, inferior face, and narrow linear form.

Ectatosia is, perhaps, an aberrant genus of the same group,

Dorcasta oryz.

D. angusta, sub-parallela, hirsuta, fusca, albo-lineata; elytris

thorace vix latioribus. Para.

Narrow, brown, pubescent; head, thorax and elytra nearly

parallel, with rows of short oblique hairs; from behind the eye

and extending along the sides of the prothorax and elytron two

whitish lines, which on the latter are accompanied by two ob-

scurer intermediate ones; legs and antenne dark brown,

Length 33 lines.

Dorcasta crassicornis. (Pl. XXVI. fig. 5.)

D. validiuscula, hirsuta, albo-lineata ; elytris thorace latioribus.

Brasilia ?

Closely resembling the former but stouter, the elytra wider

than the thorax, the antenne very much thicker and more strongly

ciliated ; a longitudinal groove on the vertex, and a narrow line

on the middle of the prothorax, which extends to the scutellum.

Length 4 lines.

In Mr, Saunders’s collection, without a locality.

OcALEMIA.

Head prolonged in front, eyes very large, round, antennz of

* Substituted for Eutheia, Guér., which had been previously used for a genus

of Scydmeanide.

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 265

eleven joints, the fifth to the tenth produced at the apex on one

side; prothorax smooth, very narrow in front, dilated behind;

elytra narrow, gradually diminishing from the base; legs long,

the posterior compressed.

Nearly allied to Strangalia, but the antennz will at once dis-

tinguish it.

Ocalemia vigilans. (PI). XXVI. fig. 3.)

O.atra, nitida, prothorace iridescente; elytris subtiliter punctatis,

singulis maculis tribus flavis basi longitudinaliter dispositis.

Malacca.

Black, shining; eyes very large, head beneath much produced ;

antennz as long as the body, the joints from the fifth to the tenth

dilated on one side at the apex ; prothorax iridescent, changing to

blue and purple, the base with three obscure yellowish spots ;

_ elytra finely punctate, biapiculate, with three yellowish spots at the

base placed longitudinally ; sides of the mesothorax with an olive

pubescence ; abdomen and legs blue-black; posterior tarsi very

much compressed, the first joint longer than the rest together and

cultriform.

Length 10 lines.

Strangalia Fortunet.

S. atra, sub-nitida ; capite, prothorace, elytris basi, antennis et

corpore subtus, luteis; pedibus discoloribus. China Bo-

realis.

Smooth and shining ; antennz, eyes, elytra except at the base,

middle tibia and tarsus, lower part of the posterior femora, tibia

at the extremity, tarsus and last abdominal segment, black; the

rest brownish yellow.

Length 7 lines.

A true Strangalia, which I am happy to dedicate to the well

known Chinese traveller, to whom we are indebted for this and

many other novelties.

CAPNOLYMMA,

Head elongate, narrow ; eyes nearly entire, antenne approxi-

mate, inserted below the eyes, as long as the body; palpi long,

the last joint longest, ovate and pointed; prothorax nearly entire,

parallel behind, elongate in front; elytra short, pointed at the

shoulder ; legs long, robust, the femora mutic, pro-tibize serrated

below.

266 Mr. F. P. Pascoe on Longicorn Coleoptera.

The palpi alone will at once distinguish this genus from Tozotus,

Strangalia, &c., its nearest allies.

Capnolymma Stygia, (Plate XXII. fig. 6.)

C. nigra, opaca; prothorace lined media longitudinali et postice

plagis duabus lateralibus cinereis; elytris confertim punc-

tatis, fusco-fuliginosis, basi fasciaque media pallidioribus.

Borneo.

Black, opaque; head with a stripe from each antenne, united

on the vertex, a longitudinal line on the prothorax, and a patch

on each side, ashy grey; elytra thickly punctured, smoky black,

the base, suture, and zig-zag line across the middle, paler; eyes

and lower part of the front testaceous brown; external maxillary

lobes greatly developed, labrum rounded below.

Length 11 lines.

Nore.—A genus of birds having been recently named Jole, the reader is re-

quested to alter that word at pages 254-5, into Jolea,

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES.

PLATE XXV.

Fig. 1. Arrhenotus Wallacei.

2. Driopea clytina.

3. Merioneda scitella.

4. Acalolepta pusio.

5. Phlyarus basalis.

6. Gyaritus hamatus.

7. Cylindrepomus comis,

8. Anomasia fulvida.

9. Iolea literata.

PLATE XXVI.

- Synelasma bufo.

- Moron distigma.

« Ocalemia vigilans.

Ropica posticalis.

. Phlyarus basalis.

Capnolymma Stygia.

- Bumetopia oscitans.

. Dasyo lineata.

PoeNn

OIA H

( 267 )

XVIII. On the aberrant Species hitherto placed in the

Genus Elachista. By H. T. Stainton, Esq.

[Read December 7th, 1857.]

In my volume of the “Insecta Britannica” I placed in the genus

Elachista three species, which at that time appeared somewhat out

of place there, and further investigation has shown that these

species, Pfeifferella, Treitschkiella and Brunnichella, must be re-

moved. The habit and structure of the larve confirm the pro-

priety of this step.

The species Pfeifferella and Treitschkiella are distinguished in

the larva state by their total absence of legs, and by their peculiar

form of mine; Herrich-Schaffer has constructed for these species

the genus Antispila, which I propose to retain.

Brunnichella has an ordinary 16-legged larva, but it mines

blotches in the leaves of a labiate plant, and constructs a cocoon,

therein differing from the remaining Elachiste, which mine the

leaves of the Graminee and Cyperacee@, and do not construct

cocoons. Of Brunnichella I propose to form a new genus, and as

the insect was once named Stephensella, in honour of the late J. F.

Stephens, Esq., I propose for the new genus the name Stephensia.

Antispita, Herrich-Schaffer, Frey.

This genus is readily distinguished from Elachista by the shorter

drooping palpi, by the shorter antennz, by the greater breadth of

the posterior wings, and in the neuration of the latter by the far

broader costal cell. A due consideration of these differences will

show that the true position of Antispila is in the family Glyphip-

terygide, between Perittia and Tinagma.

Having arrived at this conclusion solely from a consideration of

the structure of the perfect insect, we find a wonderful corrobora-

tion in the larva. The larve of Pfeifferella and Treitschkiella,

both perfectly apodal, mine in blotches the leaves of the dogwood,

and cut out flat oval cases.

The larvee of Tinagma resplendellum (the only one of that genus

yet known) is likewise apodal, and mines the leaves of alder,

cutting out a flat oval case; the peculiarity of this latter larva

268 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the

being that it does not mine a large blotch, but mines at first

mysteriously down the mid-rib and up again, and only making a

blotch of sufficient size to furnish the materials for its case.

The genus Antispila, besides the two well-known Pfeifferella

and Trettschkiella, contains the still latent Maltese Rivillei, to

which I have previously called attention.*

1. Antispila Pfeifferella, Hubner.

In the golden brown anterior wings, with a golden fascia

before, and golden opposite spots, beyond the middle, this has an

extreme resemblance with 4. T'reitschkiella, being mainly dis-

tinguished by its larger size. And it is not a little singular that

two species so similar should both feed on the same plant; the

larvee are, however, very different, and can readily be distinguished

whilst still within the mine.

Expansion of the wings 4} lines; head, face and palpi golden

brown ; antennz fuscous; anterior wings glossy golden brown,

towards the hind margin rather coppery ; before the middle is a

slender angulated bright golden fascia, broadest on the inner

margin, where it is nearest the base of the wing; beyond the

middle are two triangular golden spots, one on the inner margin,

the other posterior to it on the costa; cilia rather coppery, the

tips pale grey ; posterior wings greyish purple, with paler cilia.

The larva, which mines the leaves of the dogwood in June and

July, is very pale greyish green, the dorsal vessel greener; the

head is pale brown, and the second segment of the same colour,

only a little darker at the sides; there are no black spots on the

under side.

When the larva are full-fed they cut out a flat oval case, formed

of the two skins of the leaf, which they fortify with silk and

descend to the ground; the following May the perfect insect

appears, and delights to fly round the twigs of the dogwood in the

bright sunshine.

2. Antispila Treitschkiella, Fischer.

Very like the preceding, only much smaller; the anterior wings

rather darker, the apex less coppery, and the fascia less angulated.

The larva is well distinguished by the black head and the row of

* Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, vol. iii. New Series,

p. 87—89; Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, Troisiéme série,

vol, ili. p. 211—2138.

—-

aberrant Species in the Genus Elachista. 269

black spots beneath. Both larva and perfect insect appear rather

Jater in the season than those of 4. Pfeifferella.

Expansion of the wings 3 lines; head, face and palpi golden

brown ; antenne fuscous, with whitish annulations ; anterior wings

dark golden brown, with a faint purple tinge towards the hind

margin ; before the middle is a slender, oblique, hardly angulated

pale golden fascia, nearest the base of the wing on the inner

margin, but not expanded there; beyond the middle two tri-

angular pale golden spots, one on the inner margin, and the other

rather posterior to it on the costa; cilia purplish golden brown, at

the tips grey; posterior wings brownish grey, with paler cilia.

The larva, which mines the leaves of the dogwood in August

and September, is greyish white ;* the head and the second segment

are black ; all the other segments, except the penultimate, have a

black spot beneath.

The habit of the larva is precisely similar to that of 4. Pfetffer-

ella, but the mine and case are rather smaller, as might have been

anticipated from the smaller size of the insect. The perfect insect

appears in June.

3. Antispila Rivillet, Stainton.

* The ground-colour of the wings is a beautiful black ; each is

adorned with four triangular silver spots, of which two are on the

inner margin, two on the costa.” Naturforscher, iv. 21. Hence

this insect should be readily distinguished from its congeners by

the black (not brown) anterior wings, by the fascia being in-

terrupted and by the markings being silvery (not golden).

The larva mines the leaves of the vine in July, forming large

blotches, in which it cuts out a flat oval case, which it suspends

to the leaves or stems of the vine. The perfect insects make

their appearance in the following month.

This insect was observed in the island of Malta prior to 1750,

and has not been seen since, though M. Milliére, of Lyon,

believes that he has seen vine leaves blotched and with holes

cut in them (as though by a larva of this genus); since, how-

ever, M. Milliére’s attention has been called to the subject

he has not been able to meet with any indications of it.

STEPHENSIA, 0. g.

This genus is far more nearly allied to Elachista, but the palpi

are short and drooping, and the outline of the anterior wings is

* See figure in Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, Troisiéme

série, vol. iii. pl. 11, fig. ii.

270 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the

very peculiar, owing to the costa being slightly indented beyond

the middle.

In the neuration of the posterior wings the forked apical vein

is branched all the way from the cell, whereas in every Elachista

that I have examined this vein is not forked till long after it

leaves the cell, nor indeed till it is very near the apex.

This genus only contains a single species, Brunnichella, for

much as Elachista Magnificella resembles Brunnichella in mark-

ings, the longer palpi and unindented costa of the anterior wings

of Magnificella are reasons with me for referring it still to the

genus Llachista.

1. Stephensia Brunnichella, Linneus.

This insect has a considerable likeness to Elachista Gleichen-

ella and E, Magnificella. From the former it is best distinguished

by the position of the apical spots; in Brunnichella the spot at

the anal angle is placed perpendicularly, the costal spot is con-

siderably beyond it and points backwards to the dorsal spot,

whereas in Gleichenella the spots are almost opposite, and are

united by an intermediate third spot placed a little posteriorly,

with which they form an angulated fascia; in Magnificella the

spots, it is true, are not united, the costal spot is posterior to the

dorsal spot, but it is almost perpendicular, and does not slope

backwards; besides, in Magnificella the central fascia stops short

before it reaches the costa.

Expansion of the wings 3—33 lines. Head, face and palpi

golden brown; antenne dark fuscous, with a broad white ring

before the apex. Anterior wings dark golden brown, with a

golden fascia close to the base, a slender bright golden fascia in

the middle, and two brilliant golden spots towards the hind

margin, one perpendicularly placed at the anal angle, the other be-

yond it and pointing inwards on the costa; cilia purplish-grey ;

posterior wings greyish-brown, with grey cilia.

The larva, which mines the leaves of Clinopodium vulgare in

April and July, forming large, brown, slightly puckered blotches,

is greenish-white, with dark green dorsal vessel; the head is

dark brown, almost black, and the second segment bears on the

back a plate of the same colour, divided in the middle by a ~

central pale line. The six anterior legs, eight ventral and two

anal prolegs, are of the colour of the body.

The perfect insect appears in May and August.

aberrant Species in the Genus Elachista. 271

The Linnean description of Brunnichella (Syst. Nat. Ed. 12,

i. 2, p. 898, No. 448) is as follows :—

“Corpus minutum, lineare, planiusculum, atrum. Antenne

corpore breviores, infra apicem albe. Alz atrz fasciis tribus

violaceis sive chalybis candefacti colore, quarum prima ad _ basin,

secunda in medio, tertia curva ad apicem. Cilia postice inter

alarum apices, subulata in plures dentes.”

To this it may be objected that the antenne, though “infra

apicem albz,” are not “corpore breviores ;” that the wings are not

“‘atree,” and the cilia are not “subulata in plures dentes.”

The position of the markings described is in wonderful accord-

ance with the insect we are considering, the basal fascia of which

frequently, if the specimens are at all worn, assume more or less

of a coppery or violet tint. I think, when it is further borne in

mind how very few species there are to the antennz of which the

‘infra apicem albz” will apply, the coincidence of the agree-

ment in that respect and in the markings of the anterior wings is

more than can result from accident.

Quadrella is no doubt rather an aberrant species of Elachista,

and in the larva changing to a pupa within the mine is quite sin-

gular, but the neuration of the wings and the structure of the palpi

both tend to show that it ought not to be removed from the remain-

ing species of the genus, and it is far better to admit a few semi-

discordant species than to multiply genera unnecessarily.

272 Mr. A. R. Wallace on the Habits and Transformations

XIX. On the Habits and Transformations of a Species of

Ornithoptera, allied to O. Priamus, inhabiting the Aru

Islands, near New Guinea. By Aturrep R. WaAL-

LACE, Esq., Corr. Memb. Ent. Soc., London.

[Read 7th Dec. 1857.]

Tuts beautiful insect is very closely allied to O. posetdon, Doub.,

of which it may be a variety. It is not uncommon in Aru, but

the males fly high and rest in high trees, so that it is very difficult

to capture them. The females generally fly much lower and more

slowly, and it is only when the males are in pursuit of them that

the former can be easily taken. It is a beautiful sight to watch a

pair of these noble insects fluttering among the thick underwood,

the male following every movement of his companion, generally

hovering immediately over her, the golden green of his wings

absolutely luminous with a brilliancy which nothing in animated

nature can surpass, while the other portions are of an intense and

perfect blackness in all lights, equally extraordinary and unique.

The males are generally about 63 to 7 inches in expanse of wings ;

the females 9 inches, and sometimes even 93 inches. The genus

is admirably named, for no insects resemble birds in their flight

so much as these, and as they sail majestically over head they may

often be momentarily mistaken for such. They frequent the

damp and lofty forests ; often, however, coming out into the open

patches and pathways.

The larva exactly resembles in form that of O. Heliacon, figured

by Dr. Horsfield, except that the fleshy processes are much

longer and more acute, the two dorsal rows being half an inch

long. The colour is a rich purple or vinous black. On the

seventh segment is an oblique reddish-white band, from the

spiracle to the base of the dorsal process, which it incloses. The

basal half of all these processes is crimson. The retractile

tubercles at the back of the head are short, obtuse, Y-shaped, and

ofa transparent blood-red colour. They are exserted asin Papilio,

and have no separate sheaths, a character which has been given by

Boisduval to the genus Ornithoptera, on Dr. Horstield’s authority,

in the case of O. Heliacon.

of a Species of Ornithoptera. 273

The larva feeds on a climbing plant, not observed in flower,

but which has the habit and foliage of an Aristolochia.* It is

sluggish in its movements, and feeds at intervals day and night.

When about to change its form it seeks some neighbouring tree

or shrub with a stronger and more rigid leaf, from the under

surface of which it suspends itself in an inclined position ap-

proaching to horizontal. ‘The two ends of the suspending thread

are fastened at the same point on the midrib of the leaf, and the

loop passes completely round the insect, as in all other Papilionide,

and is not fastened to a tubercle on each side of the pupa, as

stated by Boisduval, on the authority, I presume, of Dr. Horsfield.

As the larva makes the thread and attaches it before escaping

from its skin, any other mode than the usual one would seem to

be impossible. The mistake has probably arisen from the weight

of the pupa causing the fine sharp thread to be almost buried and

hidden in its newly-formed soft skin. In the pupa case, which I

have preserved, it may be distinctly traced round the back,

forming a perfect loop.

The pupa is of a rich brown colour, on the back ochre-yellow,

with the points and tubercles nearly black. It is very bulky, and

nearly 3 inches long. Two specimens which I bred both pro-

duced females, and a third, also a female, was unable to free itself

from the pupa case. Its duration in the pupa state is exactly a

month (twenty-nine or thirty days), a very long period for a

diurnal Lepidoptera in the tropics.

It would thus appear that there are no characters in the larva

or pupa to separate Ornithoptera from Papilio ; but the large size

of the perfect insects, their long and powerful legs, the large anal

valve of the males, their uniform and characteristic form, their

striking colours and their limited geographical range, are, I

think, sufficient reasons why the genus should be kept distinct.

* I have, since seen the flower. It is an Aristolochia.

VOL. IV. N.S, PT. VIIL—APR. 1858. T

274 Mr. F. Smith’s Revision of

XX. Revision of an Essay on the British Formicide,

published in the Transactions of the Society. By

FREDERICK SmiTH, Esq.

{Read 7th Dec. 1857,]

Since the publication of my first ‘Essay on the British For-

micide,” several additional species have been discovered, and

much interesting information obtained; it therefore appeared to

me to be desirable that a revised list should be laid before the

Society. Two important works on the Ants of Europe have

also appeared —first, ‘The Ants of Austria,” by Dr. Mayr: and,

subsequently, a “Synopsis of the Ants of France and Algeria,”

by Dr. Nylander; both these works are of the highest entomo=

logical excellence. I have adopted the divisions into which Dr.

Mayr has divided the genus Myrmica, this will very greatly

facilitate the discrimination of the species.

In my former paper I particularly alluded to the fact of various

Coleoptera being found in the nests of Ants, and I enumerated

several species of the genera Myrmedonia, Lomechusa and Claviger ;

I also recorded the discovery of a specimen of Batrisus, which

I at that time supposed to be the Batrisus formicarius, I have

since ascertained that it is the B. venustus; since the publication

of my observations on these Myrmecophilous Beetles a long list

of rarities has appeared.

Mr. Janson has given a powerful stimulus to our researches by

his observations and instructions published in the Entomologist’s

Annual for 1857; his researches however were confined to five

species, and there are five times that number of ants in this

country, therefore much has yet to be done. I would particularly

direct attention to the nests of F. sanguinea and F. cunicularia:

the former is not uncommon at Weybridge and in the neighbour-

hood of Blackwater, Hants. J. cunicularia is to be found on Hamp-

stead Heath and in many places in the neighbourhood of London.

The connection between the Ant and the Beetle still remains a

mystery, although I have lost no opportunity of endeavouring to

penetrate and unravel the history for some years past, and have

Seo .

an Essay on the British Formicide. 275

particularly alluded to it in the former part of this Essay, in

the hope of inducing others to attempt the solution. It is most

probable that the ants imprison only the species of Staphylinide,

and that all other beetles found there resort to the nests for the

purpose of feeding upon a suitable nutriment which they con-

tain, or for the purpose of undergoing their metamorphosis ;

many which are found in ants’ nests during winter have un-

doubtedly sought that situation for the purpose of hybernation.

From the various species of Brachelytra I think there can be

little doubt the ants obtain an exudation similar in its nutri-

tive qualities to that which they obtain from the Aphides ; those

species which we see the ants carrying into their nests, tending

with such care, and which, on our disturbing their habitations,

they eagerly seize and carry off with the same precipitation as

their young brood, are undoubtedly conducive to an important

phase of their economy. Species of Coleoptera, such as Heterius

sesquicornis, various species of Liodes, Cryptophagus, Corticaria,

Latridius and Dromius, all of which I have met with, cannot be

supposed to be in any way capable of furnishing nutriment for

the ants, but may still prove benefactors by feeding upon and

removing substances which might otherwise render their habita-

tions more or less foul and unhealthy.

Of all the families which compose the insect-world, there is

none in my opinion, which presents such wonderful varieties—I

may say eccentricities of form, as the Formicide ; the organs of

manducation in some species, as in Drepanognathus and Eciton,

present an elongation equalling the length of the insects them-

selves ; in Atta, and some other genera of that family, they are

thickened and expanded to such a size as to be nearly equal to

one half of the head itself; then again, as a reverse of this, in the

males of some species of Myrmecina, the mandibles are rudi-

mentary and in others obsolete. The antennz partake of every

variety of length and thickness, and the palpi of every number of

joints between six and one; the variation in the number of the

joints of the antenne, forms perhaps one of the most remarkable

deviations from what may be considered the normal number,

namely, twelve in the female and worker of the social species,

and thirteen in the males of the entire group of this class of insects.

In the genus Cryptocerus and its allies, several remarkable deviations

from the usual number of joints in the antenne are met with: thus

in Orectognathus the number is six in the worker ants, whilst in

Cryptocerus they vary from nine to twelve in the workers. Re-

markable as these deviations certainly are, they are not in my

276 Mr. F. Smith’s Revision of

opinion, to be compared to a deviation in excess of the normal

number of joints in the antennz of males; indeed, so very rare

is this the case, that only a single instance has been, to my know-

ledge, recorded ; this occurs in the genus Pheidole (cophthora,

Heer), the male of which has seventeen-jointed antenne. The

above remarkable phenomena are quite sufficient to awaken our

curiosity and beget a desire to investigate the structure of these

wonderful creatures, but it forms a mere prelude to perhaps the

most incomprehensible, or certainly at present impenetrable,

mystery which is to be found in the entire range of the insect

world; I allude to the amazing variety in the size and situation

of the eyes; in some species these organs occupy the greater part

of the head, in others they are reduced to so minute a scale that

they are only perceptible under a considerable magnifying power,

in many species they are entirely obliterated. If the presence

or absence of the eyes proved to be an index to the habit of the

species, the mystery which at present surrounds the subject

would have no existence, but such is not the case: species whose

habits are to a considerable extent subterranean, are furnished

with these organs, whilst others, whose habit is to live and forage

above ground, are without eyes. In the genus Pseudomyrma all

the species have very large eyes, occupying in some instances the

whole of the sides of the head; in some ants the eyes are

placed high on the head, in others, as in G2codoma, they are

situated low down near the base of the mandibles. The pre-

sence or absence of ocelli is equally remarkable: in the workers

of the genus Formica they are usually present, but a few ex-

ceptions are to be met with; whilst in the genus Myrmica and

its allies the ocelli as a rule are obliterated, they are however

present in the males and females of the entire family. The

number of ocelli is usually three, but in many instances they are

reduced to two, whilst in the genus Atta and Ccodoma, in some

large-headed workers, the number is reduced to one, and this is

not placed in the usual situation on the vertex, but on the face

near the base of the clypeus.

These brief allusions to exotic forms, it is hoped will beget

an interest in the minds of some members of the Entomo-

logical Society, and lead them to pursue the investigation of the

Formicide, which, it will be seen, possesses an equal, if not

superior interest to any other family of insects.

There is still another point of view in which we must briefly

survey them; the unceasing industry of these creatures has

always been held up as a pattern to man for his guidance in that’

an Essay on the British Formicide. — 277

respect, “Go to the ant, thou sluggard, consider her ways, and

be wise; which having no guide, overseer, or ruler, provideth her

meat in the summer and gathereth her food in the harvest ;” this

teaches us an invaluable lesson of prudence and forethought,

and the sluggard is directed accordingly to ‘consider her ways

and be wise.” When, however, we glance at the habits of the

entire group, we shall presently perceive, that although a lesson

of prudence may be learnt from the ant, there is scarcely any

of the most atrocious and fearful crimes which may not be

inculcated when we investigate the habits of all the species;

although numberless are the peaceful and industrious com-

munities which we survey, we see others whose sole occupation

appears to be to plunder the habitations of less warlike species,

nor is their sole object confined to plunder; the species of the

genus Eciton are the most savage and cruel of the tribe, they

enter the nests of species of Formica, and ruthlessly drag out the

peaceful inhabitants, after tearing them limb from limb, they carry

off the mangled remains to their own dwellings. The system of

slavery is the habit of numerous species, these plunder the nests

of other communities and carry off pupa and perfect insects.

Thus we see the necessity of considering the ways of those species

alone to which the words of Solomon evidently direct our atten-

tion, “‘Go to the ant, which provigil her meat in the summer,

and gathereth her food in the harvest.”

The species of the genus Formica, discovered in this country

since the publication of the Essay, are alone described here ;

whilst all those of Myrmica are enumerated under the respective

subdivisions into which that group is now divided.

Genus 1. Formica, Linn.

Subdivision 1.—The anterior wings with the discoidal cells

obsolete; the large workers frequently with the head greatly

enlarged; the ocelli obsolete in the workers; the petiole with

one node or scale, incrassate, wedge-shaped, or subglobose.

None of the species of this subdivision have been discovered in

this country.

Subdivision 2.—The anterior wings with one discoidal cell; the

large workers only distinguished by size, not by any remarkable

structural difference, the ocelli present in all the sexes, the scale

of the peduncle vertical and compressed.

278 Mr. F. Smith’s Revision of

Formica congerens, Nylander.

Female.—Length 4—43 lines. Very closely resembling the

F. rufa, but distinguished by being covered with a shining cinereous

pile; the eyes pubescent, and the abdomen sub-opake; not

shining as in F. rufa.

Worker.—This is distinguished from the worker of F, rufa by

the same characteristicks as the female; the pubescence on the

eyes is not discernible without a high magnifying power; it is

however a very marked distinction.

Male.—Black and covered with cinereous pile; the head and

thorax covered with short black pubescence; the scale of the

petiole sub-quadrate, slightly and widely emarginate above.

Nylander says, this insect constructs similar nests to the

F. rufa, and, on being disturbed, emits the same strong odour of

formic-acid.

The species was taken in Scotland by Mr. Foxcroft in 1846, at

Loch Rannoch ;—the male only has yet been captured. The

species is so very like the F. rufa that it would not be recog-

nized as a distinct species by any one but an Entomologist; the

most striking difference being that it is thinly covered with hair,

F. rufa being naked.

Formica brunnea, Latr., Nyland., Mayr, Schenck.

Worker.—Length 14—2} lines. Pale ferruginous, covered with

a fine cinereous silky pile; the abdomen obscure fusco-testaceous;

the head much wider than the thorax, with a distinctly impressed

line passing upwards from the clypeus, and extending nearly to

the vertex ; the scape rather paler than the head, the flagellum

faintly dusky above towards the apex; the head slightly emargi-

nate behind.

Female.—Length 43 lines. Dark fuscous, with a fine cinereous

pile; the mandibles, antennz and legs pale rufous; the flagellum

and femora slightly obscure; the head as wide as the thorax ; the

scape of the antenne and the tibize without pile or pubescence ;

the basal half of the wings more or less fuscous ; an impressed

line on the front terminating at the anterior ocellus.

Male.—Length 2 lines, Dark fuscous: the antenna, scape

and legs brown; the flagellum and the articulations of the legs

pale testaceous ; a line on the front deeply impressed; the eyes

not pubescent; the scale of the peduncle emarginate ; the basal

half of the wings fuscous.

an Essay on the British Formicide. 279

Although this species appeared in the list of British Ants some

years ago, another species, the F. umbrata of Nylander, was

mistaken for and represented it in the Stephensian Cabinet; it

was not, to my knowledge, discovered until last year, when I met

with it at Deal.

Sub-family MYRMICIDE.

The number of joints in the palpi differing in the species; eyes

usually of'moderate size, sometimes minute; males and females

with ocelli, obsolete in the workers; the petiole of the abdomen

with two nodes ; the females and workers furnished with a sting ;

pupz not enclosed in cocoons.

Genus 1. Myrmica.

The maxillary palpi 6-jointed ; the labial palpi 4-jointed ; the

anterior wings with the nervure at the apex of the first and

second submarginal cells uniting and divided in the middle by a

transverse nervure; the marginal and submarginal cells incom-

plete ; the antennz clavate.

Sp. 1. Myrmica ruginodis, Nyl.

Sp. 2. Myrmica scabrinodis, Nyl.

Sp. 3. Myrmica levinodis, Nyl.

Sp. 4. Myrmica sulcinodis, Ny].

Sp. 5. Myrmica lobicornis, Nyl.

denticornis, Curtis.

Subdivision 2. (TETRaMorium, Mayr.)

The maxillary palpi 4-jointed ; the labial palpi 3-jointed; the

anterior wings with one marginal, two submarginal and one dis-

coidal cell; the clava of the antennz 3-jointed.

Sp. 6. Myrmica cespitum.

Myrmica cespitum, Latr., Los., Nyland., Smith, Schenck, Feerst.

Sp. 7. Myrmica lhppula, Nyland.

Worker.—Length 13 lines. Ferruginous: the abdomen nigro-

fuscous in the middle; the head and thorax finely rugose, the

thorax more strongly sculptured than the head; the mouth,

antennz, legs, and abdomen beneath, pale ferruginous; the frontal

area at the base of the clypeus very smooth and shining; the eyes

280 Mr. F. Smith’s Revision of

very small, placed rather forward on the sides of the head; the

meso- and metathorax with a deep strangulation between them ;

the spines on the metathorax minute and acute; the petiole of

the first node of the abdomen elongate, slender and rugose; the

second node globose.

Female.—Length 2} lines. Closely resembles the worker in the

form of the head, but has the eyes larger and the ocelli distinct

on the vertex; thorax elongate-ovate, not so coarsely sculptured

as in the worker ; the wings hyaline, the nervures pale testaceous ;

abdomen rather more elongate, but with a similar long petiole to

the first node as in the worker, in colour precisely similar.

This species is described in my Essay as the M. graminicola of

Latrielle. The minute eyes and elongate petiole sufficiently dis-

tinguish it; it is rare, but I have occasionally taken specimens

in and about London ;*the female is met with very late in the

season: I took it at the end of October, and Mr. Wing once

brought me a winged specimen he had just taken in his garden

at Lambeth on the 9th of December; Mr. Reading of Plymouth

also met with this species in Devonshire.

Subdivision 3. (LrprotHorax, Mayr.)

The maxillary palpi 5-jointed; the labial palpi 3-jointed; the

female and worker nearly of the same size; the anterior wings

with one marginal, two submarginal, and one discoidal cell; the

second submarginal sometimes semi-complete; the pubescence

on the female and worker subclavate, or gradually tapering to

the base of the hairs ; the club of the flagellum 3-jointed.

Sp. 8. Myrmica acervorum, Fabr.

Myrmica acervorum, Zett., Nyland., Foerst., Smith.

Myrmica graminicola, Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. (var. worker.)

Sp. 9. Myrmica Nylanderi, Feerst.

Myrmica Nylanderi, Foerst. Hym. Stud. Form. (1850.)

Myrmica cingulata, Schenck, Nass. Ameis. p. 104. (1852.)

Nyland, Form. Fr. et d’Algér. p. 93, 20.

Myrmica parvula, Schenck, Nass. Ameis., pp. 103, 140.

Leptothorax Nylanderi, Mayr, Form. Austr. p. 175, 11.

Leptothorax parvulus, Mayr, Form. Austr. p. 176, 12.

an Essay on the British Formicide. 281

The species named “ wnifasciata” in British collections is not

that which continental authors consider to be Latrielle’s species,

and in one respect it hardly agrees with his description—the

abdomen is fuscous, with the base and apex pale; in the species

which represent wnifascia in the collections of Nylander, Mayr,

&c., the abdomen has a narrow ring on the basal segment, and

the club of the antenne is fuscous; the latter species I have not

yet seen captured in this country. It may, however, be in some

collections mixed with M. Nylanderi.

Subdivision 4. (Stenamma, Westw.)

Stenamma, Westw. Intro. Class. Ins, ii. p. 266. (1840.)

Formicoxenus, Mayr, Form. Austr. p. 141. (1855.)

The maxillary palpi 4-jointed ; the labial palpi 3-jointed ; man-

dibles dentate; the worker and female with the second node of

the petiole spined in front beneath; the club of the antenne

3-jointed ; the anterior wings with the marginal cell open, incom-

plete ; one complete submarginal cell, and one discoidal cell.

Sp. 10. Myrmica Westwoodit.

Stenamma Westwoodii (Steph.), Westw. Intro. Class, Ins. ii.

p- 226, gd.

Formicoxenus nitidulus, Mayr, Form. Austr. 146, 1.

Myrmica nitidula, Nyland.; Myrmica leviuscula and debilis,

Feerster.

Worker.—Pale rufous, smooth and shining, the head of a

deeper colour, more or less, above; the antennz 12-jointed, with

the club rufo-fuscous, the tip paler ; the metathorax with a smooth

central depression on each side, furnished with a stout tooth

directed horizontally backwards; abdomen nigro-piceous in the

middle; the first node of the petiole with a cariniform process

beneath ; the second node with a stout spine at the base pointing

forwards. Length 1} lines.

Female.—This sex differs only in having the ocelli distinct, the

thorax more ovate, the wings hyaline, and the stigma fuscous.

Length 23 lines.

Male.—Nigro-fuscous, the mandibles tridentate; the antenne

13-jointed ; the legs pale; the femora more or less fuscous; the

metathorax with two short erect teeth ; the wings of a milky white-

ness; the nervures scarcely discernible ; the entire insect thinly

sprinkled with pubescence. Length 2 lines.

VOL, IV. N.S. PT. VII.—APR. 1858, U

282 Mr. F. Smith’s Revision of -

Nylander is of opinion that the male constitutes the Stenamma

Westnwoodii, this is probably the case; I have long suspected

Stenamma to be a male of one of the small species of Myrmica.

The female and worker were first discovered in this country

by Mr. Waterhouse, in the nest of Formica rufa; Nylander

says it also frequents the nest of F. congerens. The constant

habit ‘of this species appears to be to take up its abode in the

nests of Formicide, whilst Myrmica hirtula is only to be found in

company with Myrmica muscorum, and Myrmica sublevis in the

nests of Myrmica acervorum ; the two latter species have not yet

been discovered in Britain.

Subdivision 5. (PHErote.)

Pheidole, Westw. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 87. (1841.)

Myrmica, Nylander, Addit. alt. Form. Bor. p. 42.

(icophthora, Heer, Ueber die Hausameise Madeiras’s.

Labial palpi 2-jointed ; maxillary palpi 2-jointed ; antennze with

the club of the funiculus 3-jointed; the body slender; the legs

sub-elongate ; the (worker major) with the head very large, much

wider than the abdomen.

Sp. 11. Myrmica pallidula.

Sp. 1. Myrmica pallidula, Nyland, Addit. alt. Mon, Form. Bar.

p- 42.

(CE cophthora pallidula, Mayr, Form. Austr. p. 183.

(Ecophthora subdentata, Mayr, Einige neue Ameis.

Myrmica levigata, Smith, Mon. Brit. Form.

Worker-minor.—Length 1 line. Described in the Monograph

on the British Formicide.

Worker-major.—Differs in having the head very large, sub-

quadrate; the mandibles obscure; the abdomen fuscous in the

middle; the head striated anteriorly, emarginate behind, and

having an impressed line on the vertex; the insect slightly

pubescent.

Female.—Length 3% lines. Rufous: head, thorax and abdomen

above, slightly fuscous; the head delicately striated ; the meta-

thorax bituberculate and with a minute tooth on the tubercles ;

tibiz pubescent ; wings albo-hyaline.

Male.—Length 23 lines. Nigro-fuscous, shining ; the antennz

13-jointed ; the sides of the thorax and the apex of the abdomen

pale testaceous.

an Essay on the British Formicidae. 283

Since I described this species under the name of Myrmica

levigata I have had an opportunity of comparing it with speci-

mens sent by Dr. Mayr, it proves to be the “ pallidula” of his

Monograph. I have also taken three more examples of the worker

on a-wall at Hampstead; Mr. Parfit of Exeter has sent it to me,

he found it in a hothouse; I have a suspicion that it is introduced

with plants or fruits, and will not prove to be indigenous.

Subdivision 6. (DiputorHortrum, Mayr.)

The. workers very minute; the labial palpi 2-jointed; the

maxillary palpi 2-jointed; antennz of the worker 10-jointed ;

the club 2-jointed; antenne of the male 12-jointed; anterior

wing with one marginal, one complete submarginal, and one dis-

coidal cell.

Sp. 12. Myrmica fugax, Latr.

Myrmica fugax, Latr., St. Farg., Schenck, Smith, Mayr.

Myrmica flavidula, Nyland. Addit. Alt. p. 33.

Worker.—Length 1 line. Worker: Pale yellow, smooth, shin-

ing and slightly pubescent ; the abdomen sometimes with a fuscous

band in the middle; the mandibles 4-toothed; the eyes minute ;

head very delicately punctured; the thorax slightly constricted

behind; the metathorax not spined.

Female.—Length 3 lines. Nigro-fuscous, smooth, shining and

slightly pilose; the mandibles, antenne and legs pale ferru-

ginous; the head delicately punctured, with a deeply impressed

channel running from the anterior stemma to the apex of the

clypeus; the clypeus with a tooth on each side of its anterior

margin. The first node of the petiole with a central depression

above.

Male.—Length 2} lines. Black, shining and pilose; the an-

tennz and legs fuscous; the mandibles, articulations of the legs,

the mandibles and tarsi testaceous.

This species is one of those which presents a great disparity in

the size of the sexes, the workers being the smallest, if we

except M. molesia, found in this country; the difference in

colour is also remarkable, the male and female being nearly black

and the worker of a pale yellow. I first discovered workers of

this species at Southend, three years ago; this autumn I took the

female at Deal on the Sandhills. The male has not been taken

in this country to my knowledge.

284 Mr. F. Smith’s Revision, &c.

Sp. 13. Myrmica molesta.

Myrmica molesta, Say, Boston Journ., Nat. Hist.i.p.293,6. (1834.)

Myrmica domestica, Shuck,, Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 628. (1838.)

Daniells, Proc. Linn. Soe. ii. p. 172.

Smith, Cat. Brit. Hym. p. 119; and

Essay, Brit. Form. p. 131.

Nyland, Form. Fr. et d’Algér. p. 98, 26.

Hab. Britain, North America and Brazil.

This insect may now be regarded as cosmopolitan, I have ex-

amined numerous specimens from the above localities; Say was

the first who described it, and who records its habit of intruding

into houses. The Rev. Hamlet Clark brought it from Brazil,

with this character :—‘‘It is found everywhere and upon every-

thing.” Its native habitat, 1 think from this, must be Brazil, and

that it has been imported elsewhere in merchandise.

Dr. Nylander has placed this insect in his eighth subdivision,

which embraces the species belonging to the @cophthora of Heer,

but an examination of a winged individual shows that it has only

one submarginal cell, and that the discoidal cell is obsolete in the

male. Should this prove to be the case in the females also, a new

subdivision or genus must be established for its reception.

Genus 2. Myrmecrna, Curtis.

Sp. 1. Myrmecina Latreilli, Curtis, Smith, M.

Myrmica striatula, Nylander.

bidens, Foerst., Schenck.

graminicola, Feerst.

Latreilh, Nyland.

GiqZd5y5)

XXI. Observations on the Habits of the Dipterous Genus

Conops. By 8.8. Saunprrs, Esq.

[Read Feb. Ist, 1858.]

Tue natural history of these Parasites has hitherto remained in-

volved in much obscurity. The information bearing upon this

subject, mainly of a circumstantial and conjectural character, may

be summed up as follows.

Latreille, in his “ Genera Insectorum” (vol. iv. p. 366), pub-

lished in 1809, observes in reference to Conops rufipes, “ Insectum,

recens declaratum et alis adhuc mollibus, e Bomb: abdomine

prodiens, bis observavi.”

In a paper read at the Société Philomatique of Paris in 1818,

first published in the “Journal de Physique” of 1819 (tome Ixxxviil.

p- 228), and reprinted, with additional illustrations, in the first

volume of the ‘* Memoires de la Société d’Histoire Naturelle de

Paris” in 1823 (p. 829), Messrs. Audouin and Lachat furnish

a series of anatomical details of an apod larva found in the

Bourdon des Pierres (Bombus lapidorum), which Latreille ascribed

to the Conops rufipes noticed by him as aforesaid, four specimens

of which he had also found in a box wherein he had inclosed

certain humble bees of another species ( Bombus terrestris, Fabr.).

In his ‘‘ Nouveau Dictionnaire d’Histoire Naturelle” (tome vii.

p- 459, Paris, 1827), M. Latreille further observes, in reference to

the Conops rufipes,—“ Il vit en état de larve et de nymphe dans

Vintérieur de l’abdomen des bourdons, et en sorte, lorsqu’il a subi

sa derniére métamorphose, par les intervalles des anneaux. C’est

un fait dont j’ai été plusieurs fois temoin. I] m’est souvent

arrivé de trouver un ou deux individus de ce diptére dans des

‘boites ou j’avais renfermé des bourdons.”

M. St. Fargeau, in the “ Encyclopédie Méthodique” (vol. x.

p- 819, 1828), observes,—‘* Nous-mémes avons vu des Conops

sintroduire dans le nid de certains espéces du genre Guépe

(Vespa).”

In the ‘Comptes Rendus de ]’Académie de Paris” for 1836

2de semestre, p. 688), a succinct report is given of some interest-

VOL. lV. N.S, PT. VIII.—JULY, 1858. x

286 Mr. 8. 8. Saunders on the Habits of the

ing observations made by M. Robineau Desvoidy on the pro-

ceedings of a Conops auripes in overawing or fascinating a Bombus

for the supposed purpose of depositing its eggs; stating also that

a young naturalist had obtained one of these insects from a box

wherein he had inclosed several “living Bombi.” From this

statement, resting upon indirect authority, it does not clearly

appear that the Conops was actually produced from a live Bombus.

In the other instance the Conops was observed to alight momen-

tarily seven or eight times upon the Bombus, without any re-

sistance or attempt to escape on the part of the latter, the result

however not being ascertained, the Conups alone having been

captured on the occasion.

In the ‘Annales des Sciences Naturelles” for January, 1837,

M. Léon Dufour describes and figures an apod larva which he

had found in the Bombus terrestris, and which he considered

different from that of Messrs. Audouin and Lachat. He also

states that he had often witnessed the ardour with which the Conops

pursued the Bombus “ pour insérer ses ceufs dans ses entrailles 5”

and that he possessed in his collection a Bombus terrestris from

the anal region of which a Conops rufipes was dependent, the dis-

tended extremity of whose abdomen had been retained within the

ventral cavity of the Bombus ; but he adds—‘ Quelle est Ja larve

qui produit ce Conops? On ne nous I'a point appris.”

Mr. Curtis, in the Proceedings of the Entomological Society for

January, 1855,* while calling attention to the want of information

as to “ the economy of this beautiful genus of flies,” mentions the

circumstance of a Conops flavipes having ‘“ been bred from the

body of an Osmia, which had nidified in bramble stems.”

The details which I am now about to supply, of the larva and

pupa of a species of Conops reared from a large Pompilus (P. audaz,

Smith, Mus. Brit. Cat.),—specimens of which, together with the

parasitic pupa and imago in situ, and the larve in spirits, are now

submitted to inspection,—will serve to confirm the impression

entertained by Latreille as to the nature of the apod larva

described by Messrs. Audouin and Lachat; and thus definitively

connect the anatomical details of that larva, so carefully elaborated,

with the history of the genus Conops.

The Pompilus, subjected to the attacks of this parasite, is not

unfrequently met with early in the month of August on some parts

of the coast of Epirus, frequenting the flowers of a species of

* Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., N.S., vol. 3, Proc. exvi.

Dipterous Grenus Conops. 287

thistle. This Pompilus, whose visits on such occasions would

appear to be directed rather to the object of obtaining nutriment

for itself, than to that of supplying ravin for its larva brood,—

judging from its disinclination to rise after alighting, so unlike the

quivering restlessness of the Pompili in general,—has already at

this period, when under the influence of parasitic gestation, the

Conops larva feeding within its abdomen, and diverting to itself all

the sustenance provided by the former.

These Pompili soon perish after capture, rarely surviving

beyond the second day. On separating the posterior portion of

the abdominal region below the fourth segment, the parasite Is

readily perceptible, and its condition of development recognizable ;

nor does this operation upon the defunct Pompilus in any way

interfere with the subsequent metamorphosis of the parasite,

should the indispensable requirements of its larva growth be

already fulfilled at the time.

The head of these larve, very much contracted in proportion to

the rest of the parasite, is capable of being extended into juxta-

position with the base of the abdomen of its victim, by means of

two or three telescopic tubular processes, which, on gently pressing

the anterior part of the body, are projected forwards. ‘The outer

tegument of these is very slender and diaphanous; the apex has

the appearance of a smooth rounded nipple, slightly impressed in

the middle; at a considerable distance below which, and almost

concealed within the fleshy substance of the interior, are perceived

two dusky points, which, when denuded of the surrounding

matter, are found to indicate the position of two corneous hooks,

slightly curved, the tips acute and turned outwardly, the base

dilated at the inner angle and produced into a point shorter than

the main body of the hook. In one specimen these hooks were

visible on first inspecting the larva, resting precisely in the centre

of the anterior part of the head; but, on applying pressure,

instead of being projected forwards retaining their anterior

position, the telescopic tubes were protruded beyond and over

them, the hooks remaining in the rear.

The anal extremity of the Conops larva, which at its period of

greatest development is closely assimilated in dimensions to the

largest diameter of the abdominal cavity, is furnished with two

remarkable appendages, or reniform densely rugose lobes, de-

flexed side by side from the dorsal region posteriorly, concave

within, and connected throughout their crenulated margin with

the anal segment, the more distended portion towards the ventral

x 2

288 Mr. 8. 8. Saunders on the Habits of the

region of the larva. ‘These reniform appendages, white in the first

instance like the rest of the larva, but which assume a deep

chestnut brown as the latter approaches its period of pupa meta-

morphosis, exercise important functions in connection with the

tracheee as organs of respiration, supplies of air being obtained

from the interior of the abdomen of the Pompilus, through the

medium of the perforated surface of the rugosities with which

these appendages are invested.

The larva subsequently contracts into a compact oval form, the

pupa-case so constituted being of inflexible consistency and of an

uniform deep piceous hue; in which condition it remains until

the exit of the perfect Conops towards the end of June in the fol-

lowing year. ‘Che anterior extremity of this pupa-case presents

a somewhat flattened top, having impressed thereon two concentric

rings, with a central depression corresponding, as it would seem,

with the original buccal orifice, and surrounded with a distinet

convex margin; these rings obviously representing the aforesaid

retractile tubular segments, and suggesting the resemblance to a

closed opera-glass! This flattened extremity is connected at its

base with a lateral ridge, forming a longitudinal carinated division

of the cap of the pupa-case, which is thrown off as an operculum

on the liberation of the imago.

It is worthy of notice that these pupa-cases are turned inversely

to the dorsal and ventral region of the Pompzilus ; the parasite

being reversed, its head deflexed below the lateral carinae in the

direction of the dorsum of the Pompilus, and the reniform appen-

dages having their more dilated portion recumbent in the same

direction. This position of the Conops pupa would seem to be the

natural result of the conformation of the abdomen in the Pompilus :

the contracted base of which, connecting with the thorax, is on the

same plane as the ventral region ; so that the Conops larva would

naturally turn in the direction of the vaulted recess of the dorsal

region, on preparing for its coarctate pupa-metamorphosis. -

The exit of the perfect Conops is effected by the separation of

the first and second abdominal segments of its victim; and when

such disjunction cannot readily be accomplished, as in the case of

specimens desiccated for the cabinet, the Conops remains without

the means of extricating itself, imprisoned in the abdominal cavity.

Unrestricted however on such occasions by its pupa-position, the

perfect Conops, when encountering obstacles to its egress, turns

within the pupa-case in any required direction; but under ordinary

circumstances it may be assumed that the Pompilus, on the termi-

Dipterous Genus Conops. 289

nation of its career, exposed to atmospherical vicissitudes, becomes

decomposed and disrupted in its connecting ligaments, thereby

affording a ready means of escape to the Conops at the fitting

season.

The question which now suggests itself to inquiry is that of the

mode whereby the parasite obtains access to that position within

the body of the Pompilus, upon which result the parent Conops is

exclusively dependent for the location and sustenance of its future

progeny.

That the eggs or viviparous offspring of the Conops are not de-

posed in the larva cells of the Pompilus would seem necessarily

_to follow from the fact, that at the period when the Pompilus is

provisioning ‘its cells in July,—or at any rate between the first

appearance of the Conaps in the imago state towards the end of

June, and the capture of the Pompilus having the larva of the

parasite feeding within its abdomen early in August,—the perfect

Conops so produced in June from a perfect Pompilus of the pre-

ceding year (having hybernated in the pupa state within the

inanimate body of its victim) has already found means to introduce

its progeny in the body of an imago Pompilus of the succeeding

generation, which had hybernated in its larva cell, or as a perfect

insect 1m some other recess, during the same intervening period of

pupa-coma in the Conops.

Under these circumstances it would seem scarcely doubtful that

the Conops must find means to inoculate the zmago Pompilus with

its ovum or viviparous larva, by depositing these in the interstices

between the abdominal segments ; which is also in accordance

with the observations of M. Robineau Desvoidy and M. Léon

Dufour, already referred to, as to the manner in which the Conops

rufipes and auripes had been seen pursuing the Bomb: for the

supposed purpose of depositing its ova.

It would moreover be contrary to analogy, that any insect in the

larva state, feeding upon another larva, should continue so to feed

upon its victim after the latter has assumed the imago condition.

Any such attacks in fact must involve the destruction of the larve

subjected thereto; whereas in this case it is essential that the Pom-

pilus should attain the perfect state, in order to fulfil the conditions

associated with the development of the perfect Conops.

The entire term allotted to the growth of the parasite in its

larva state would appear to be of brief duration, probably not

exceeding the limit of from ten to fifteen days; diminutive speci-

mens being found simultaneously with those of the largest dimen-

290 Mr. S. 8. Saunders on the Habits of the

sions, and with others in the pupa state, though I have never

observed more than a single specimen in any one Pompilus. ‘The

latter moreover would hardly be likely to withstand such inter-

ference with its functions of deglutition and interception of its

supplies for any long period.

The circumstance stated by Mr. Curtis of a Conops having been

bred from the body of an Osmia, which had nidified in bramble

stems, might seem to militate against this theory of oviposition in

the perfect insect, if it be intended to imply that the Osmia in

question, having never been at large, had been itself reared from

those stems; but this would not appear to be averred, since the

Conops alone is stated to have been bred, whereas the Osmia may

have been observed nidifying as aforesaid at the time of capture,

and not therefore exempt from attack in the imago state.

With regard to the circumstance stated by St. Fargeau, of the

Conops being seen to introduce itself into the nest of certain

Vespide, from which he was led to suppose “que les larves de

ces Conops peuvent vivre aux dépens de celles de ces Hyménop-

iéres,”’ it may be equally probable that the perfect wasps, on first

issuing from their larva cells, were the objects of attack. A general

impression, however, appears to have prevailed that the attacks of

these parasites were directed upon the larvae. Thus Zetterstedt,

in his “ Diptera Scandinavia” (tome iii., p. 924, 1844), remarks

under the heading of Conops,—‘‘ Larve parasitice, in nido Bom-

borum degunt ;” and more recently in the ‘“ Insecta Britannica”

(Dipt. vol. 1, p. 305), we find it stated, in allusion to the habits

of the genus Conops, that ‘their larvee are parasitic on those of

humble bees.”

Dr. Siebold, in his description of the economy of a species of

sand-wasp, Oxybelus uniglumis, and of its dipterous parasite, Mil-

tegramma conica (published at Erlangen in 1841), relates the man-

ner in which this parasite pursues the Oxybelus for the purpose of

deposing its viviparous larvee, not indeed in the body of the

Oxybelus, but in the fly conveyed by the latter as a provision for

its young; following up the Owybelus for this purpose to the en-

trance of its cells. Similar habits are also ascribed by Dr. Sie-

bold to the Mzltogramma punctata, in its attacks upon a species of

Ammophila, for which it lies in wait in the vicinity of the sand-

burrows of the latter.*

* I have had the opportunity of seeing this Mémoire in the rich collection of

Entomological Works known as the Hopeian Collection at Oxford, with which

those of Mr. Westwood have been incorporated.

Dipterous Genus Conops. Zor

It may readily be conceived that the Conops may in like manner

derive some facility in assaulting this formidable Pompilus at the

moment when the latter may be intently engaged in conveying

pabulum into its Jarva-cells ; or, perhaps with greater probability,

that access between the dorsal folds of the latter may be obtained

by the former at the period when the Pompilus, first appearing

upon the scene of life in the imago state, may be less capable of

defending itself from attack, its segments less firmly united, and

their interstices more exposed to such aggression; the design

accomplished by such parasites in the great scheme of Creation

offering, on a comparison between the two cases, more distinct

results in the latter, where no progeny of the Pompilus would be

produced at all, nature thus imposing limitations and compensating

influences, to provide against any inordinate increase of the species,

whether by restrictions imposed upon larva development, or, as

in this instance, by impediments to the subsequent continuity of

the line of succession in the perfect insect; ever delighting in

variety for the attainment of her ends, and adapting her resources

according to the impalpable peculiarities and exigencies of each

particular case.

I should add that I once found a specimen of the Conops larva,

presenting no perceptible difference from the others, within the

abdomen of a large Spheax (S. flavipennis), captured at the same

time and place with the Pompili; and that I have likewise obtained

a smaller species of Conops from the abdomen of an Odynerus

(Div. Ancistrocerus, of Westmael), which had remained neglected

in a pill box until the follewing year, as would seem to have been

the case with the Bombi adverted to by Latreille.

292 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Synopsis

XXII. Synopsis of the Genus Elachista. By H. T.

STAInToN, Esq.

[Read 4th January, 1858.]

Tue genus of Micro-Lepidoptera, to which the name Llachista is

now restricted, is as natural an assemblage of species as we could

wish.

The discordant elements have gradually been removed from it,

and in form, structure and habit the remaining insects are almost

perfectly homogeneous.

When we reflect on the habits of these insects and the multitudes

in which they generally occur, we are irresistibly reminded of the

poetic phrase—

“‘The myriads of the peopled grass.”

These insects truly people the grass, not merely by residing in its

neighbourhood, but in the larva state by taking up their abodes

within the blades and stems of grass—the few which are not

actual grass-miners, feeding in the allied plants Carex, Scirpus,

and Luzula.

The perfect insects are frequently found in swarms, quite after

the style of gnats, and love to disport themselves over the tufts of

grass in woods and along hedge banks on sunny afternoons during

the summer season.

The student is soon perplexed by the number and similarity of

the species, and hitherto descriptions of the species have been so

scattered that one needed to collect a small library in order to have

them all at band.

With the view of supplying what has been much wanted, I have

attempted to describe briefly, yet characteristically, all the species

of the genus I could collect together—the number of these species

(all of which are European) is seventy-two. Many of these

species, it may happen, will hereafter be found to be constituted

only on aberrant specimens, but the contrary process is the more

of the Genus Elachista. 293

likely to occur, and it is more probable that some of the species

here described will be found constituted really of more than one

species. |

In the progress of my investigations two such splittings took

place: as Triatomea and Dispilella, which I had always thought

identical, prove quite distinct, and Collitella is distinct from Sub-

ocellea ; Herrich-Schaffer had already pointed out the discrepancy

between the British and German representatives of these species,

previously reputed to be synonymous.

I was also startled to find that an insect I had always thought

identical with Consortella was very different, and from the distinct-

ness of the fascia could not be referred to the same section of

the genus ; for this new species I have proposed the name Sta-

bilella.

It is very desirable that series of specimens of Helvetica and

Holdenella should be collected to establish those species more

firmly ; and future investigations must prove whether Cinctella is

a good species and quite distinct from Adscitella, and whether

Triseriatella and Dispunctella are perfectly distinct.

It must be borne in mind that almost all the species are abund-

ant wherever they occur, and that many are extremely local;

hence a new species is quite as likely to occur by hundreds as

singly.

I give in the first place a table of the genus, so that the student

ray have all the species at one glance before him.

Then follow descriptions of the seventy-two species enume-

rated, all of which I have personally examined.

The synonymy I have placed separately, that it might not un-

necessarily intervene between the descriptions of the closely allied

species.

In a note I have given the descriptions of three species in Teng-

strom’s ‘* Fjaril-Fauna,” which I have not been able to identify.

Perhaps some reader may be more fortunate, or they may be

species with which I am really unacquainted.

I have to express my thanks to Professor Zeller for his valuable

loan of so many of his typical specimens of the genus, a loan which

I have hitherto ill requited by so long postponing the prorhised

synopsis of the genus; my excuse must be that the difficulties of

the subject grew upon me the more I looked into the matter, and

had it not been for the encouragement and valuable assistance I

have received from Professor Frey, I doubt yet whether I should

have grappled with the undertaking.

294 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Synopsis

The following is the table of the genus I have proposed :—

A. Anterior wings dark-coloured, with markings.

B. The markings metallic.

a. With metallic spots.

b. With a metallic fascia and spots.

c. The markings silvery-white; a fascia and spots.

p. The markings, neither metallic nor shining, form a

fascia and opposite spots.

c. The fascia is distinct, but does not reach the

inner margin.

d. The fascia is distinct, but does not reach the

costa.

e. The fascia is distinct and entire.

jf. The fascia is indistinct, sometimes very much so.

E. The markings consist of two distinct fascia.

F. The markings consist of a single fascia. :

g. Head white.

h. Head whitish or yellow.

2. Head grey or brownish.

Gc. The markings consist of a pale streak from the

costa, and a dark spot on the fold.

AA. Anterior wings pale-coloured, or whitish.

H. With two dark fascize beyond the middle.

1. With a dark spot on the middle of the fold, and a

dark angulated fascia.

xk. With one dark spot on the middle of the fold, and

another midway, between it and the apex of

the wing.

L. With indistinct yellowish fasciz.

M. With scattered dark scales.

n. Entirely spotless.

AAA. Anterior wings dark-coloured, without markings.

71.

of the Genus Elachista.

. Quadrella.

. Trapeziella.

. Tetragonella.

. Magnificella.

. Nobilella.

. Gleichenella.

. Apicipunctella.

. Albifrontella.

. Cinereopunctella.

. Luticomella.

. Atricomella.

. Kilmunella.

. Helvetica.

. Holdenella.

. Nigrella.

. Gregsont.

. Stabilella.

. Bedellella.

. Extensella.

. Incanella.

. Griseella.

. Dispositella.

. Cerusella.

. Utonella.

. Contaminatella.

. Rhynchosporella.

. Eleochariella.

. Biatomella.

. Disemiella.

\. Dispunctella.

. Triatomea.

. Dispilella.

Fuscochreella.

. Abbreviatella.

2, Flavicomella.

. Rectifasciella.

{

"') 40. Obdliquella.

. Obscurella.

. Humilis.

. Consortella,

. Subnigrella.

» Pulklla.

. Aire.

. Poe.

. Bifasciella.

36. Cinctella.

37. Revinctella.

38. Adscitélla.

. Megerlella.

. Zonariella.

Cingillella.

43. Gangabella.

. Teniatella.

. Arundinella.

. Perplexella.

295

45. Chrysodesmella.

46. Serricornis.

. Pollinariella.

. Subocellea.

. Collitella.

. Anserinella.

. Rufocinerea.

. Rudectella.

. Constitella.

. Triseriatella.

. Pollutella.

. Grossepunctella.

. Nitidulella.

. Festucicolella.

. Cygnipennella.

. Ochreella.

AAA.

| 72. Mihligiella.

296 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Synopsis

1. Elachista Quadrella, Hubner.

Readily distinguished by its large size and the position of the

silver spots.

Expansion of the wings 53 lines. Head grey; anterior wings

bronzy-brown, with four silvery spots, the first on the costa near

the base; the second on the fold inthe middle; the remaining two

are placed opposite one another beyond the middle, that on the

costa being rather the larger. At the base of the inner margin is

a silvery blotch.

The larva mines the leaves of Luzula pilosa, making inflated,

puckered mines in May, and changes to a pupa within the mine.

The perfect insect appears in June and July ; it occurs in Swit-

zerland, Bavaria and ‘Tuscany.

2. Elachista Trapeziella, Stainton.

Most nearly allied to E. Tetragonella, but larger and paler, and

the costal spot is opposite the spot on the fold.

Expansion of the wings 4} lines. Head whitish-grey; an-

terior wings brown, with a short silvery streak along the fold at

the base; in the middle are two silvery spots, one on the costa,

the other on the fold; at the hind margin are two other smaller

silvery spots, one-at the anal angle and one at the apex of the

wing. ¥

The larva, which is spotted with red, mines the leaves of Luzula

pilosa, making flat mines near the tip of the leaf, in June.

The perfect insect appears in July; it has occurred at West

Wickham Wood, near London, and at Ziirich in Switzerland.

8. Elachista Tetvagonella, Herrich-Schiffer.

Allied to the preceding, but the costal spot placed far beyond

that on the fold, and nearly opposite to that at the anal angle.

Expansion of the wing 3 lines. Head black; anterior wings

black, with a faint olive tinge, with four brilliant silvery spots, the

first on the fold before the middle, the second on the costa beyond

the middle, the third at the anal angle, and the fourth at the apex

of the wing.

The larva, greenish with grey subdorsal lines, mines the leaves

of Carex montana, making long whitish blotches early in May.

The perfect insect appears inJune; it occurs in Switzerland, near

Zurich, and at Engelberg.

of the Genus Elachista. 297

4, Elachista Magnificella, 'Tengstrom.

Best distinguished from all the allied species by the central

fascia stopping short long before it reaches the costa.

Expansion of the wings 4 lines. Head blackish; anterior

wings rich brown, with a pale golden fascia near the base, a pale

golden fascia- form spot on the middle of the inner margin, reaching

only half across the wing, a smaller pale golden spot on the inner

margin near the anal angle, and beyond it on the costa is a large

spot of the same colour.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect appears at the end of July and beginning of

August; it occurs near Bristol, and in Finland; also at Ratisbon

in Bavaria, and in Silesia.

5. Elachista Nobilella, Fischer.

Closely allied to £. Gletchenella, but the anterior wings nar-

rower, browner, and the apical spot placed nearer the hind margin

and more detached from the opposite spots, so as not to convey

so much the same idea of a fascia.

Expansion of the wings 34—33 lines. Head grey; anterior

wings brown, with the base pale golden; in the middle is a pale

golden fascia, nearer the base on the costa than on the inner

margin; beyond the middle are two opposite pale golden spots,

and beyond them at the apex of the wing is a third.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect appears in June and July; it occurs in Si-

lesia and Bohemia; also at Vienna, Freiburg, Zurich and Pisa.

Observation.—Frey describes the markings as silvery, rather

than pale golden, and this seems indeed to be the case with a

Zurich specimen I have before me; a specimen from Glogau has

the markings decidedly pale golden, indeed yellower than in

Gleichenella. Have we two species mixed as Nobiledla ?

6. Elachista Gleichenella, Fabricius.

Readily distinguished by the opposite spots being united by an

intermediate spot placed posteriorly, so forming an angulated

fascia (hence Tengstrom’s name T’rifasciella).

Expansion of the wings 33 lines. Head bronzy; anterior

wings black; the base, a slender rather oblique fascia in the

middle, and an angulated fascia beyond the middle, pale golden.

This last fascia is composed as it were of two opposite spots (that

298 _ Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Synopsis

on the costa being rather the posterior), united by a spot on the

dise placed beyond them.

The larva, which is whitish with a faint purple tinge, mines the

leaves of a species of Carex, making narrow whitish raised blotches

in March and April.

The perfect insect appears in June and July. It occurs pretty

generally in England, and has been noticed in Scotland; also in

Finland, and at Zirich, Ratisbon and Vienna.

7. Elachista Apicipunctella, Stainton.

Distinguished by the silvery white marking and the apical spot

beyond the two opposite spots. The male most resembles Adbi-

frontella, but is distinguished by the apical spot; the female,

which has a basal silvery fascia (entirely wanting in the male),

has great resemblance with Gleichenella, but is larger; the mark-

ings are less golden, more silvery ; the opposite and apical spots

are not united to form a fascia, and the apical third of the antennz

is white.

Male.—Expansion of the wings 5 lines. Head white; anterior

wings brownish black; a curved central fascia nearest the base

on the costa; two opposite spots beyond the middle (that on the

costa rather posterior), and an apical spot beyond them, silvery

white.

Female.—Expansion of the wings 4} lines. Head white; an-

tennze fuscous; the apical third white; anterior wings dark

brown-black; a basal fascia, a central slightly oblique fascia,

two opposite spots beyond the middle (that on the costa rather

posterior), and an apical spot beyond them, silvery white.

Larva unknown,

The perfect insect appears in June, frequenting boggy places

in the south of Scotland. Herrich-Schaffer says it occurs at

Glogau and Weissenfels; it also occurs at Lyons.

8. Elachista Albifrontella, Hubner.

Distinguished from the preceding by the absence of the apical

spot, and by the white head and silvery white fascize and spots

from Luticomella, Flavicomella, Atricomella, &c.

Expansion of the wings 4—43 lines. Head silvery-white; an-

terior wings brown-black, with a slightly oblique fascia before the

middle, and two opposite spots beyond the middle (that on the

costa decidedly posterior), silvery-white.

of the Genns Elachista. 299

The larva, which is pale whitish-yellow, of a duller white on

the back, feeds on various grasses, making flat whitish mines in

April and the beginning of May.

The perfect insect appears in June, and seems abundant nearly

everywhere. It has occurred as far north as Finland, and as far

south as Tuscany.

9. Elachista Cinereopunctella, Haworth.

By the fascia not reaching beyond the fold, and the position of

the costal spot at the apex of the wing, this species may be at once

recognised.

‘Expansion of the wings 4 lines. Head grey; anterior wings

dark grey (blacker in the ¢); on the costa in the middle is an

oblique whitish spot, reaching to the fold; beyond the middle are

two whitish spots, placed one at the anal angle, the other on the

costa at the apex. (In the @ these spots are very distinct and

quite white.)

The larva is yellowish, whiter above, with a row of red spots

on each side of the back; it makes long brownish mines in the

leaves of Carex glauca, and is full fed in April.

The perfect insect appears at the end of May and in June; it

commonly occurs on the chalk in the south of England, and in

various localities in the north of England and in Scotland; also

in Switzerland at Zurich.

10. Elachista Abbreviatella, Stainton.

As in the preceding species the fascia sets off from the costa,

and does not reach the inner margin, so in this it sets off from

the inner margin and does not reach the costa. By this character,

and by the unusual breadth of the anterior wings, this species may

be immediately recognised.

Expansion of the wings 43 lines. Head brown; anterior wings

brown ; on the inner margin before the middle is a small yellowish-

white spot, which just reaches over the fold, but does not even

attain the middle of the wing; beyond the middle are two yel-

lowish-white opposite spots, of which that on the costa is much

posterior and by far the larger of the two.

Larva unknown,

The perfect inseet appears in June; it has occurred on the

Austrian Alps, and at Reinerz in Silesia.

300 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Synopsis

11. Eluchista Luticomella, Zeller.

By the yellow head this is readily distinguished from all the

allied species except [lavicomella, but Flavicomella has a small

brown spot on the crown of the head, and is a smaller, duller

insect than Luticomella.

Expansion of the wings 43—53 lines. Head and palpi bright

yellow ; anterior wings dark brown; a rather curved yellowish-

white fascia before the middle, and two opposite spots of the same

colour beyond the middle, that on the costa slightly posterior.

The pale yellow larva mines down the leaves and stems of

Dactylis glomerata, making linear, whitish tracks in April.

The perfect insect appears in June; it occurs generally in

England and Scotland, also at Glogau and Zurich.

12. Elachista Flavicomella, Stainton.

Distinguished by its yellow head, with a small brown spot on

the crown; it is a smaller, duller insect than Luticomella, and

the opposite spots are more nearly opposite.

Male.-—-Expausion of the wings 3} lines. Head and palpi

yellow, a brown spot on the crown of the head; anterior wings

greyish-brown, with a slender yellowish-white fascia, slightly

oblique, before the middle, and two small yellowish-white op-

posite spots beyond the middle, that on the costa hardly pos-

terior.

Female.—Expansion of the wings 4 lines. Head and palpi as

in the male ; anterior wings greyish-brown, with a broad yellowish

fascia beyond the middle, and with the opposite spots prolonged

into the cilia, making nearly the whole of the apical portion

yellowish.

Whether this is the normal appearance of the female, or only

a variety, | cannot say, having only seen one specimen.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect appears in July; two specimens were taken

by Mr. Shield on the 15th of that month at Howth in Ireland.

13. Elachista Atricomella, Stainton.

This is closely allied to Kilmunella and Poe ; in the latter the

fascia and spots are much less distinct. From Kilmunella it is

best distinguished by the anterior wings being blacker, and more

pointed, and the fascia is more slender, and nearer the base on the

costa. .

of the Genus Elachista. 301

Expansion of the wings 43—5 lines. Head greyish-black ;

anterior wings greyish-black, with an interrupted slightly-angu-

lated whitish fascia before the middle, nearest the base of the

wing on the costa; beyond the middle are two whitish oppo-

site spots, the costal spot being the larger and more posteriorly

placed.

The pale yellow larva mines down the leaves and stems of

Dactylis glomerata in April and May.

The perfect insect appears in June; it occurs generally through-

out England, also near Edinburgh and Frank fort-on-the- Maine.

14. Elachista Kilmunella, Stainton.

Most nearly allied to the preceding, but distinguished by the

duller, blunter anterior wings, the fascia being often obsolete

towards the costa, and the opposite spots duller and more nearly

opposite. dire is a blacker insect, and the fascia is altogether

more indistinct.

Expansion of the wings 43—5 lines. Head dark grey; an-

terior wings dingy dark grey, with a nearly straight whitish

fascia before the middle, frequently obsolete towards the costa,

and two opposite whitish spots towards the hind margin, that on -

the costa being rather posterior.

In the female frequently the basal portion of the wing is suffused

with whitish, especially along the inner margin.

The larva, which is yellowish-grey, mines the leaves of a Carex

in April and July.

The perfect insect appears in June and August, and occurs in

various parts of Scotland and in Lancashire.

15. Elachista Helvetica, Frey.

This appears to differ from the preceding two species by the

purer white markings, and from Holdenella by the form of the

costal spot, which in that species is somewhat quadrate ; in Hel-

velica it is triangular.

Expansion of the wings 4} lines. Head greyish-black; an-

terior wings greyish-black, with a faint brownish tinge; before

the middle is a broad, rather curved pure white fascia, broadest

on the inner margin; beyond the middle are two white opposite

spots, that on the costa being the posterior.

Larva unknown, -

The perfect insect has occurred near Zurich.

VOL. IV. N.S. PT. VIII.—JULY, 1858, Y

302 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Synopsis

16. Elachista Holdenella, Edleston.

Best distinguished by the sub-quadrate form of the white costal

spot.

Expansion of the wings 5 lines. Head grey; anterior wings

greyish black, darker towards the apex ; before the middle is an

oblique whitish fascia, nearest the base of the wing on the costa;

beyond the middle are two opposite spots, that on the costa being

the posterior, more distinct and whiter, and not triangular, its apex

being truncate.

Larva unknown.

A single specimen, taken near London, is in the collection of

Mr. Edleston,

17. Elachista Nigrella, Hubner.

Closely allied to Stabilella and Gregsoni ; Stabilella is best dis-

tinguished by the whiter head and more oblique fascia; Gregsoni

is rather a blacker insect, and in the female the spots are more

exactly opposite.

Male.—Expansion of the wings 33 lines. Head grey; anterior

wings dark grey, with a rather indistinct whitish fascia before the

middle, placed rather obliquely, and beyond the middle are two

rather indistinct whitish opposite spots, that on the costa slightly

posterior ; at the apex of the wing is a whitish spot in the cilia.

Female.—Expansion of the wings 4 lines. Head dark grey ;

anterior wings dark grey, blackish posteriorly with a distinct

whitish fascia, very slightly oblique, before the middle, and two

conspicuous whitish opposite spots beyond the middle, that on the

costa slightly posterior ; at the apex of the wing isa whitish spot

in the cilia.

The larva, which is yellowish grey with a pale brown head,

mines the upper part of the leaves of Poa trivialis, &c., in April

and July.

The perfect insect appears at the end of May and in August ;

it occurs throughout England and Scotland, and in various parts

of Germany.

x 18. Elachista Gregsoni, Stainton.

Distinguished from Stabilella by the broader anterior wings and

less oblique fascia; from Nigrella, to which it is very closely

allied, by the spots in the female being more exactly opposite, and

by the black head of the larva,

of the Genus Elachista. 303

_ Male.—Expansion of the wings 33 lines. Head dark grey; an-

terior wings blackish grey, with a whitish, slightly oblique and

rather indistinct fascia before the middle and two whitish opposite

spots beyond the middle; at the apex of the wing is a whitish spot

in the cilia.

Female.—Expansion of the wings 4 lines. Head dark grey ;

anterior wings black; before the middle is a white, slightly

oblique fascia, and beyond are two white spots exactly opposite ;

at the apex of the wing is a whitish spot in the cilia.

The larva, which is greyish yellow, with a black head and two

black spots on the second segment, feeds on a species of Poa, in

March and beginning of April.

The perfect insect appears in May, and has occurred near Liver-

pool and near Edinburgh.

19. Elachista Stabilella, n. sp.

Well distinguished by the whiteness of the head, the oblique-

ness of the fascia, and the spots being exactly opposite.

Expansion of the wings 33 lines. Head white; anterior wings

greyish black, with an oblique white fascia before and two white

spots exactly opposite beyond the middle; at the apex of the

wing is a whitish spot on the cilia.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect appears in June and July, and is not uncom-

mon in Headley Lane.

20. Elachista Bedellella, Sircom.

Best distinguished by the broad truncate anterior wings, and the

spots frequently united to form a fascia.

Expansion of the wings 33 lines. Head grey; anterior wings

grey, rather short and broad, with a straight whitish fascia before

the middle and two whitish spots beyond the middle, exactly

opposite, and sometimes united so as to form a second fascia; the

apex of the wing is remarkably truncate ; apical cilia whitish.

The ground colour of the female is paler, and at the base almost

whitish.

The greyish-green larva mines the tips of the leaves of Avena

pratensis in April and July, the mined place appearing white, with

a purple tinge.

The perfect insect appears in May and August, and occurs

generally on the chalk and limestone formations.

¥ 2

304 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Synopsis

21. Elachista Extensella, Stainton.

Best distinguished by the rather broad, bromwnish-grey anterior

wings, and the costal arm of the fascia rather extended along the

costa towards the base.

Expansion of the wings 4 lines. Head dark grey ; anterior wings

brownish grey, with angulated whitish fascia before the middle,

rather extended along the costa towards the base, and two trian-

gular whitish opposite spots beyond the middle ; that on the costa

slightly posterior.

Larva unknown.

Taken by Herr Mann, of Vienna.

22. Elachista Rectifasciella, Stainton.

Larger than Bedellella, and with the hind margin rounded and

not truncate; otherwise there is considerable resemblance to that

species. ;

Expansion of the wings 4 lines. Head grey; anterior wings

brownish-grey, with a nearly straight white fascia before the

middle, and two whitish opposite spots beyond the middle, almost

exactly opposite, but the apex of the costal spot reaches a little

beyond the apex of the dorsal spot; apical cilia whitish.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect appears in May and August; it occurs at

Glogau, Vienna, Ratisbon and Frankfort-on-the- Maine.

23, Elachista Incanella, Fischer.

Allied to Griseella, having like that species the costal spot pos-

terior to the dorsal spot, with which it appears to form an angu-

lated fascia; it differs from Griseel/a in the anterior wings being

narrower and of a paler grey.

Expansion of the wings 33 lines. Head pale grey; anterior

wings pale grey, with a slightly oblique, angulated, white fascia

before the middle, and two white opposite spots beyond the

middle, that on the costa decidedly posterior, and with its apex

rather prolonged towards the hind margin; sometimes these spots

appear to unite so as to form an angulated fascia.

Larva unknown,

The perfect insect appears in May; it occurs at Vienna, Zurich

and Fiume.

of the Genus Elachista. 305

24, Elachista Griseella, Zeller.

Intermediate between Incanella and Dispositella ; larger and

_broader winged than Incanella, and the costal spot not so much pos-

terior to the dorsal spot; smaller than Dispositella, the fascia not so

broad, the spots less distinct; the black scales in the cilia are

much more distinct both in Jncanella and Dispositella than they

are in this species.

Expansion of the wings 4—43 lines. Head grey; anterior wings

rather broad, brownish grey, with a nearly straight white fascia

before the middle, and with two whitish opposite spots beyond the

middle, that on the costa rather posterior, with its apex only a very

little prolonged towards the hind margin; cilia pale grey.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect appears in May and June; it occurs at Vienna

and in Tuscany.

25. Elachista Dispositella, Mann.

Allied to the preceding but longer-winged, the fascia broader

and the spots more distinct.

Expansion of the wings 5 lines. Head whitish-grey ; anterior

wings grey, with a broad whitish fascia before the middle, rather

attenuated on the costa, and two whitish opposite spots beyond

the middle; that on the inner margin being triangular, and that on

the costa decidedly posterior, is almost straight, reaching nearly

half across the wing; cilia whitish, intersected by a distinct line

of blackish scales.

Larva unknown.

Collected by Herr Mann at Fiume in Croatia, in May.

26. Elachista Obscurella, Stainton.

A sombre looking insect, best known by its general dull appear-

ance; the fascia is very indistinct and the spots are hardly more

visible ; it comes nearest to Humilis, but in that the spots are more

distinct, especially the costal spot, whichis more nearly opposite to

the dorsal spot; in Obscuredla the costal spot is posterior to the dorsal

spot. The female is very different, far more like Ngrella, but the

costal spot is more posteriorly placed than in that species, and the

inner margin is white from the base to the fascia.

Male.—Expansion of the wings 43 lines. Head pale grey ; an-

terior wings grey, irrorated with darker scales, with very faint

indications of a paler fascia before the middle, and two opposite

306 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Synopsis

spots beyond the middle, of which that on the costa is the pos-

terior.

Female.—Expansion of the wings 33 lines. Head white; an-

terior wings white at the base, except a grey blotch along the costa

with a straight white fascia before the middle, beyond the fascia

the ground colour is nearly black, with two opposite triangular

white spots, of which that on the costa is the posterior.

The larva is pale yellowish-grey, with a pale brown head; it

makes flat whitish mines in Holcus mollis and other grasses, in

March? and July.

The perfect insect appears in May and August; it is common

in England, and occurs at Vienna.

27. Elachista Humilis, Zeller.

A dull looking insect but for the spots, which are whitish, and

the costal spot appears rather glossy ; it is intermediate between

Obscurella and Arundinella: from the former it is distinguished by

the greater distinctness of the spots, which are more exactly oppo-

site; from Arundinella it may be separated by the anterior wings

being longer, and in Arundinella the costal spot is placed rather

nearer the apex.

Male.—Expansion of the wings 4 lines. Head shining grey ;

anterior wings shining greyish fuscous, with a very indistinct paler

angulated fascia before the middle, beyond the middle are two

whitish opposite spots, that on the costa (hardly posterior to the

dorsal spot) is remarkably conspicuons and rather shining.

Female unknown.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect appears towards the end of May; it has oc-

curred at West Wickham Wood, also at Glogau, and in Mecklen-

burg.

28. Elachista Arundinella, Fischer.

Very closely allied to the preceding, but the anterior wings a

little shorter, and the costal spot rather nearer the apex.

Male.—Expansion of the wings 4 lines. Head shining grey ;

anterior wings rather dark grey, with a rather indistinct nearly

straight pale fascia before the middle, beyond the middle are two

whitish opposite spots, of which that on the costa is the whiter and

more posteriorly placed.

Female unknown.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect appears in August; it occurs at Vienna.

of the Genus Elachista. 307

29. Elachista Consortella, Logan.

The male of this is well distinguished by the fascia being limited

to a spot on the fold; it is not very closely allied to any other

species. The female is very like Nigredla, but the fascia is placed

rather more obliquely.

Male.—Expansion of the wings 33 lines. Head grey; anterior

wings rather dark grey, with no further indication of the fascia

than a small whitish spot on the fold, which is followed by a

short black streak; beyond the middle are two whitish opposite

spots, which almost form an angulated fascia, and from their

union some whitish scales run towards the apex of the wing.

Female.—Expansion of the wings 3 lines. Head pale grey ;

anterior wings grey at the base, blackish before the fascia; the

fascia is distinct, white and oblique; the spots are triangular,

white and nearly opposite, that on the costa being slightly

posterior.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect appears in March; it occurs on Arthur’s

Seat, near Edinburgh.

30. Elachista Subnigrella, Douglas.

The male, from its very indistinct, hardly perceptible markings,

can only be confounded with Obscurella, but it is smaller, and a

blunter-winged insect; the female reminds one rather of Bedel-

lella and Nigrella; it is however much darker than Bedellella,

though not so dark as Nigrella, and the costal spot is very

evidently posterior to the dorsal spot; from Nigrella it is further

distinguished in not having a whitish spot in the apical cilia.

Male.—Expansion of the wings 3 lines. Head grey; anterior

wings rather blunt, dingy grey, with a very indistinct, rather

oblique whitish fascia before the middle, and two indistinct

opposite spots beyond the middle, that on the inner margin

hardly perceptible; cilia grey.

Female.— Anterior wings blackish grey, with a distinct, slightly

curved, whitish fascia before the middle, and two triangular

whitish opposite spots beyond the middle, that on the costa

decidedly posterior and with its apex pointed outwards; cilia

grey.

The pale yellow larva mines the leaves of Bromus erectus,

making flat, narrow, yellowish-green mines, in April and July.

The perfect insect appears at the end of May and in August;

it occurs at Sanderstead, Mickleham and Guildford.

308 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Synopsis

31. Elachista Pullella, Fischer.

This comes very close to Subnigrella, but in the male the

fascia and spots are more distinct; in the females of the two

species I find no perceptible difference.

Male.—Expansion of the wings 4 lines. Head grey; anterior

wings rather dark grey, with a rather indistinct, slightly angulated

fascia before the middle, and two whitish opposite spots beyond

the middle (of which that on the costa is slightly posterior), and

sometimes with a few intervening whitish scales, which appear to

connect the spots and to form with them an angulated fascia;

cilia grey.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect appears in May and July; it occurs in

several continental localities. It may be only a modified form

of Subnigrella; a point which the discovery of the larva must

determine.

82. Elachista Perplezxella, Stainton.

Differs from Pullella and Subnigrella by the blacker anterior

wings, and the spots more nearly opposite; closely allied to

Aire, but a trifle smaller, and the apex of the wing more ob-

tuse; the larva, like that of Aire, mines the leaves of Aira

cespilosa.

Expansion of the wings 4 lines. Head grey; anterior wings

greyish-black, with an indistinct oblique pale fascia before the

middle, and two whitish spots, almost exactly opposite, beyond

the middle; the apex of the wing is rather obtuse; cilia grey.

The female is only a little darker in colour, with the markings

more distinct.

The larva, which is whitish-yellow, mines the leaves of Aira

cespitosa in April and June.

The perfect insect appears in May and July; it occurs near

London and at Scarborough, also near Zirich.

33. Elachista Aire, Frey.

Closely allied to the preceding, but larger, and the anterior

wings more pointed; from Poe it may be best distinguished by

the opposite spots being more distinct.

Expansion of the wings 43—5 lines. Head dark grey; an-

terior wings dark grey, with a rather indistinct, slightly oblique,

whitish fascia before the middle; beyond the middle are two

of the Genus Elachista. 309

opposite spots (exactly opposite) more distinctly whitish, the

costal spot is rather the larger of the two; cilia grey.

The female is only a little darker, with the spots more dis-

tinct.

The larva, which is dull-yellowish, with a very faint greenish

tinge, mines the leaves of Aira cespitosa, making flat, whitish,

rather broad mines in April and the beginning of May.

The perfect insect appears at the end of May and in June; it

occurs near Zurich.

34, Elachista Poe, Douglas.

Best distinguished by its dark colour, and general dull ap-

pearance, the fascia and spots in the male being excessively in-

distinct.

Male.—Expansion of the wings 45—5 lines. Head dark fus-

cous; anterior wings rather glossy, dingy fuscous, darker beyond

the middle; before the middle is a slightly angulated obscure

pale fascia; beyond the middle are two very indistinct oppo-

site spots; the apex of the wing is rather obtuse; cilia dark

grey.

Female.—Expansion of the wings 5—53 lines. Head dark

fuscous; anterior wings rather glossy, dark fuscous, darker

beyond the middle, with a doubly angulated whitish fascia before

the middle, and two yellowish-white opposite spots beyond the

middle, sometimes with some whitish scales placed posteriorly

between them; cilia dark grey.

The Jarva, which is pale whitish-yellow, with the dorsal vessel

greenish-grey, mines the leaves of Poa aquatica, making long

slightly-discoloured mines in April and at the end of July.

The insect appears in May and August; it occurs in the neigh-

bourhood of London.

35. Elachista Bifasciella, Treitschke.

By the two very distinct broad white fascia, this may be at

once recognised from every other known species.

Expansion of the wings 33 lines. Head whitish ; anterior wings

blackish, with a nearly straight broad fascia before the middle, and

a second broad white fascia, rather curved, beyond the middle;

cilia grey.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect appears in August; it occurs at Vienna and

Ratisbon, and in Bohemia and Switzerland.

310 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Synopsis

36. Elachista Cinctella, Zeller.

In conjunction with the white head, this is best distinguished

by the breadth of the white fascia and the rather pointed anterior

wings.

Expansion of the wings 443—5} lines. Head white; thorax

grey ; anterior wings greyish brown, with a broad, nearly straight,

white fascia in the middle; cilia grey, with the extreme tip

whitish.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect appears in May; it occurs at Pisa and near

Glogau.

87. Elachista Revinctella, Zeller.

Very closely allied to the preceding, but the grey thorax has

white shoulders.

Expansion of the wings 4? lines. Head white; thorax grey,

with white shoulders ; anterior wings greyish brown, with a broad,

white, slightly oblique fascia in the middle, rather broadest on the

inner margin; cilia grey, with the extreme tip whitish.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect occurs in Croatia.

88. Elachista Adscitella, Stainton.

Resembling the two preceding in the whiteness of the head,

this is distinguished by the more slender fascia, in the male

almost interrupted in the middle, and by the less pointed apex of

the wing.

Male.—Expansion of the wings 5—5}3 lines. Head whitish ;

anterior wings pale greyish-fuscous, with two slender whitish op-

posite spots in the middle, forming an interrupted fascia, the

dorsal spot is rather the larger of the two; cilia grey, at the

apex whitish.

Female.—Expansion of the wings 43—5 lines. Head whitish ;

anterior wings dark greyish-fuscous, with a whitish central fascia,

rather attenuated in the middle; cilia grey, at the apex (which is

rather truncate) whitish.

The larva, which is dull yellowish-green, more or less tinged

with grey, makes broad whitish mines in the leaves of Sesteria

cerulea and Aira cespitosa, in May.

The perfect insect appears in June; it occurs at Chesterfield,

of the Genus Elachista. 311

Stockton-on-Tees, Scarborough and near Bristol, also near

Ziirich.

39. Elachista Megerlella, Stainton.

Closely allied to the preceding, but distinguished by the more

yellowish-white head and fascia, and by the darker anterior

wings.

Expansion of the wings 5 lines. Head whitish (but with more

of a yellowish tinge than in Adscitella); anterior wings greyish-

fuscous, darker in the female, with a whitish yellow, rather

slender, nearly straight fascia, in the middle; cilia grey, at the

apex pale yellowish.

The dull greenish-grey larva making long, brown, slightly puck-

ered mines in the leaves of Brachypodium, Bromus, &c., in March,

April and July.

The perfect insect appears in May, June and August; it occurs

throughout England, and in Ireland near Dublin.

40. Elachista Obliquella, Stainton.

Best distinguished from all the allied species by the yellowish

head. In general appearance most like Zonariella, but with no

orange scales.

Expansion of the wings 43 lines. Head yellowish; antennze

dark fuscous, annulated with white ; anterior wings dark fuscous,

with a nearly straight yellowish fascia, rather beyond the middle ;

cilia grey, at the apex pale yellowish.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect has occurred near London. Two specimens

are in Mr. Edleston’s collection.

41. Elachista Zonariella, Tengstrom.

Easily recognized from all the other species with a pale central

fascia, by the orange scales on the outer edge of the fascia.

Expansion of the wings 4 lines. Head brown; anterior wings

dark fuscous, with a pale yellowish fascia in the middle; the

fascia is nearly straight, broadest on the inner margin, and pos-

teriorly tinged with orange; cilia greyish-fuscous, at the apex

yellowish-white.

The dull grey-green larva mines the leaves of Aira cespitosa,

making long, rather inflated, pale brown mines, in April and in

June,

312 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Synopsis

The perfect insect appears in May and July; it occurs near

Bristol, at Stockton-on-Tees, at Renfrew and Fochabers, likewise

at Zurich, Ratisbon, Vienna, and Glogau; also in Croatia and

Finland.

42, Elachista Cingillella, Fischer.

Distinguished from all the allied dark-headed species, by the

slenderness and whiteness of the fascia.

Expansion of the wings 4 lines. Head dark grey; anterior

wings dark grey, with a slender, nearly straight, whitish fascia in

the middle; cilia grey, at the apex whitish.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect appears in June and July; it occurs near

Vienna, and Mr. Allis has one specimen taken in the North of

England.

43. Elachista Gangabella, Fischer.

In the dark head and yellowish fascia this resembles Tenia-

tella and Chrysodesmella ; from the latter it may be distinguished

by its larger size, duller fascia and blunter apex of the wing; from

Teniatella, which it very closely resembles, it is best recog-

nized by the extreme tips of the apical cilia being whitish; in

Teniatella the cilia are entirely-dark.

Expansion of the wings 4—4 lines. Head dark fuscous ; ante-

rior wings dark fuscous, with a nearly straight dull yellow fascia

in the middle; in the ¢ this is very narrow towards the costa,

but in the ¢ it is nearly of uniform width, only a little broader

on the inner margin; cilia fuscous, the extreme tip of the apical

cilia whitish.

The yellowish grey-green larva mines the leaves of Dactylis

glomerata and Holcus mollis, making inflated Lithocolletiform

mines in November and April.

The perfect insect appears at the end of May and in June; it

occurs in several localities near London; also at Dover and Bris-

tol, and on the Continent at Ratisbon ? and Pisa.

44, Elachista Teniatella, Zeller.

Distinguished from the other species with a single fascia, by the

cilia being entirely dark, not even the extreme tips being whitish ;

only Chrysodesmella agrees with it in that respect. Tcniatella

differs from Chrysodesmella in being much larger, and the fascia

is darker yellow and duller.

of the Genus Elachista. oie

Expansion of the wings 44 lines. Head dark greyish-brown ;

anterior wings dark brownish-black, towards the apex paler, being

irrorated with yellowish scales; nearly in the middle is a straight

deep yellow fascia, which gradually expands towards the inner

margin ; cilia entirely dark greyish-fuscous.

The larva, which is dark grey, with pale tawny head, makes

large whitish-brown slightly-puckered mines in the leaves of

Brachypodium sylvaticum, in October and November.

The perfect insect appears in May ; it occurs near London and

at Stockton-on-Tees; also at Frankfort-on-the-Maine, Ratisbon,

Arolsen, and Ziirich.

45. Elachista Chrysodesmella, Fischer.

By the dark cilia this can only be confused with the pre-

ceding, from which it is distinguished by its smaller size, broader

and brighter fascia.

Expansion of the wings 33 lines, Head*dark grey; anterior

wings blackish, with a rather broad, shining, pale yellow fascia

in the middle, broadest on the inner margin; cilia entirely dark

grey.

Larva unobserved ; it feeds on the leaves of Carex montana.

The perfect insect appears in May; it occurs at Pisa and

Zirich.

46. Elachista Serricornis, Logan.

This has certainly some resemblance with Eleochariella and

Biatomella, but is distinguished by the more uniform grey ground

colour of the anterior wings from both those species. ‘The ab-

sence of the second spot distinguishes it from Biatonella, and the

very distinct dark line in the cilia furnished a good character for

separating it from Eleochariella.

Expansion of the wings 33 lines. Head grey; antennae, to-

wards the apex, much serrated ; anterior wings grey, with a black

spot on the fold beyond the middle, and a short oblique whitish

streak from the costa before the apex, pointing towards the hind

margin; this streak is internally margined with dark grey ; cilia

grey, intersected by a black hinder-marginal line.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect appears in June; it has occurred in Sussex

and near Edinburgh.

314 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Synopsis

47, Elachista Cerusella, Hiibner.

Not very closely allied to any other species ; the darker colour

of the two fasciz, and the first fascia not being angulated, suffi-

ciently distinguish it from Utonella and Rhynchosporella,

Expansion of the wings 5 lines. Head whitish ; anterior wings

whitish, with some scattered fuscous scales; beyond the middle is

an interrupted fuscous fascia, broadest on the inner margin, and

internally with a black spot on the fold, and towards the apex is

another fuscous fascia, with a minute black spot internally ; some-

times there is a blackish spot on the inner margin, not far from the

base.

The larva, which is pale primrose yellow, mines the leaves of

the reed (Arundo Phragmites), making broad white mines, in

April and July.

The perfect insect appears in May and August, and seems very

widely distributed.

48. Elachista Utonella, Frey.

Closely allied to’ Contaminatella and Rhynchosporella, From

the former it is distinguished by the broader, more obtuse an-~

terior wings, and more distinct fascia ; and the black scales at

the angulation of the first fascia are much less developed. From

Rhynchosporella it is distinguished by its whiter ground colour,

and by the much more distinct hinder-marginal line in the cilia.

Expansion of the wings 4—43 lines. Head white; anterior

wings white, tinged with pale fuscous along the costa towards the

base, and sometimes, though slightly, towards the inner margin.

In the middle of the fold is an oblong black spot, beyond it is a

brownish angulated fascia, which meets a paler brownish fascia,

which is almost parallel to the hind margin; cilia greyish, inter-

sected by a distinct blackish hinder-marginal line.

The yellow-green larva, which has a black head, makes broad

flat mines in the leaves of Carex glauca in May.

The perfect insect appears at the end of June and beginning of

July; it occurs near Zurich.

49, Elachista Contaminatella, Zeller.

Closely allied to the preceding, and perhaps not truly speci-

fically distinct, but the fascia are much less distinct, and the

small scales at the angulation of the first fascia are far more con-

spicuous.

of the Genus Elachista. 315

Expansion of the wings 43 lines. Head white; anterior wings

white, tinged with pale fuscous along the costa and along the fold,

with a fuscous angulated fascia beyond the middle, of which only

the costal arm is distinct ; it terminates in an oblong black spot ;

beyond it is an indistinct paler (almost tawny) fascia; on the middle

of the fold is a conspicuous elongate black spot; cilia whitish,

with a black hinder-marginal line, rather distinct.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect appears in April; it was taken near Syracuse

by Professor Zeller.

50. Elachista Rhynchosporella, Stainton.

Easily distinguished from the preceding by the darker ground

colour, the smaller spot on the fold, the second spot being wanting,

and by the very indistinct line in the cilia; closely allied to Elco-

chariella, but larger and paler.

Expansion of the wings 44 lines. Head white, or whitish; an-

terior wings dirty whitish, with dirty-grey or pale tawny streaks

along the costa and inner margin; beyond the middle is an

angulated fascia of the same colour; two irregular spots beyond

represent the second fascia; cilia whitish-grey, intersected by

hardly perceptibly darker scales.

The larva mines the stems of Scirpus ccespitosus (Eleocharis

cespitosa), working downwards below the blossom in May.

The perfect insect appears in June and July; it occurs in the

New Forest, in the Cambridge Fens, and on moors in the north;

on the Continent it has occurred in Silesia.

51. Elachista Eleochariella, Stainton.

Closely allied to the preceding, but smaller and greyer, the

grey, indeed, appearing as the ground colour.

Expansion of the wings 33 lines. Head dark grey; anterior

wings grey, with a whitish line along the fold, in which is a black

spot in the middle; from the costa beyond the middle a whitish

streak runs towards the hind margin, and beneath it on the inner

margin is a small whitish spot; cilia grey.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect appears in July; it occurs in Scotland, near

Kilmun.

52. Elachista Biatomella, Stainton.

Readily distinguished from Eleochariella by the black spot

near the end of the costal white streak; from Disemiella and

316 ~ Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Synopsis

Triatomea it is distinguished by its darker ground colour, and by

the distinct hinder marginal line in the cilia.

Expansion of the wings 33 lines. Head greyish-ochreous ;

anterior wings greyish, with a whitish streak along the fold, in

which is a black dot about the middle; from the costa beyond

the middle is a short oblique whitish streak, at the end of which

is another black spot; on the costa, just before the apex, is a

small whitish spot; cilia pale grey, intersected by a blackish

hinder marginal line.

The yellowish larva mines the leaves of Carex glauca, making

broad whitish blotches in April and July.

The perfect insect appears in May and June and again in

August; it occurs at Sanderstead and Box Hill, also near Bristol

and at Scarborough, likewise near Zurich.

53. Elachista Disemiella, Zeller.

At once distinguished from the preceding by its whiter ground

colour and larger size; in these respects it resembles Dispunctella,

from which, however, it may be recognised by the fuscous tinge

on the costa beyond the middle; this latter character will also

separate it from the rather smaller 7’rialomea.

Expansion of the wings 5 lines. Head white; anterior wings

of rather a dull white; the costa beyond the middle with a decided

fuscous tinge, and a faint fuscous tinge along the subcostal nervure

at the base; in the middle of the fold is a dark fuscous spot, and

another lies midway between it and the apex of the wings; some

scattered dark scales lie towards the hinder margin; cilia whitish,

with the tips pale fuscous; posterior wings grey, with paler

cilia.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect appears in February, March and April, and

again in July; Professor Zeller met with it near Messina.

54. Elachista Dispunctella, Fischer.

Closely allied to the preceding, but the posterior wings paler,

and the cilia of the anterior wings with no dark tips; the costa,

too, is without any fuscous tinge, and the whiter anterior wings

have scattered dark scales all along. From Triatomea the presence

of these scattered dark scales will always readily distinguish it.

Expansion of the wings 4—44 lines, Head white; anterior

wings white, rather pointed, with several scattered dark fuscous

scales, and with two blackish spots, one on the middle of the fold,

of the Genus Elachista. 317

and the other midway between it and the apex of the wing; cilia

white; posterior wings whitish, with white cilia.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect appears in May and August; it occurs at

Vienna and Ratisbon.

55. Elachista Triatomea, Haworth.

Closely allied to the two preceding, but without the scattered

dark scales of Dispunctella, and the posterior wings grey instead

of whitish ; from Disemiella it may be distinguished by the want of

the fuscous tinge along the costa and by its smaller size, and the

more obtuse anterior wings.

Expansion of the wings 4—43 lines. Head white; anterior

wings white (though not so pure a white as in the preceding

species), with two black spots, one on the middle of the fold and

the other midway between it and the apex of the wings; at the

anal angle are a few grey scales; cilia whitish, with a few greyish

scales ; posterior wings grey, with whitish cilia.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect appears in June and July; it occurs at Sand-

erstead and Mickleham, also near Bristol.

56. Elachista Dispilella, Zeller.

Differs from the preceding in being smaller and yellower, the

anterior wings being nearly of the colour of those of Nitidulella,

and there are no grey scales in the cilia.

Expansion of the wings 33—4 lines. Head yellowish white ;

anterior wings yellowish white, with a faint fuscous spot on the

fold beyond the middle, and a darker spot midway between it and

the apex of the wing; cilia pale yellowish white; posterior wings

pale greyish white, with pale yellowish white cilia.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect appears in June ; it occurs near Glogau.

57. Elachista Pollinariella, Zeller.

In the pale tawny fascia and the scattered dark scales this re-

sembles the two following species, but from both it is distinguished

by the more pointed anterior wings, and the less distinct hinder

marginal line in the cilia; Subocellea, which it most nearly resembles,

has the basal fascia much less distinct, and the scattered dark

scales are less numerous.

Expansion of the wings 4—5 lines. Head white; anterior wings

VOL. IV. N.S. PT. VIII.—JULY, 1858. Zz

318 Mr. I. T. Stainton’s Synopsis

white, with three dirty ochreous fascize, darkest towards the costa ;

the first is near the base, the second in the middle, and the third

towards the apex; on the disc and along the fold are some scat-

tered dark scales; cilia whitish, with a rather indistinct dark hinder

marginal line, the extreme tips greyish.

The larva makes long Lithocolletiform mines in Brachypodium

sylvaticum in May.

The perfect insect appears in June and July; it oceurs at

Sanderstead, Mickleham, Bristol and Scarborough; also at Glogau,

Zurich, Vienna and Ratisbon.

58. Elachista Subocellea, Stephens.

Intermediate between Pollinariella and Collitella ; distinguished

especially from the former by the truncate anterior wings and dis-

tinct dark hinder-marginal line in the cilia; besides the basal fascia

is generally very indistinct, and the central fascia is placed rather

beyond, than in the middle ; from Collitella it may be distinguished

by the anterior wings being broader, not so white, and with fewer

dark scales.

Expansion of the wings 4 lines. Head white; anterior wings

white, with three dirty ochreous fascia, the first near the base,

very indistinct, the second rather beyond the middle, the third and

darkest towards the apex, on the disc are a few scattered dark

scales ; cilia whitish, intersected by a distinct black hinder mar-

ginal line, the form of which imparts to the wings their peculiarly

truncate appearance, the extreme tips of the cilia grey.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect appears in June and July ; it occurs at Ripley,

Bristol and Sanderstead.

59. Elachista Collitella, Fischer.

Smaller and whiter than either of the two preceding, differs

from Subocellea in the basal fascize being more indistinct (so that

it may almost be considered obsolete) and in the more central po-

sition of the second fascia, and both the second and third fasciz are

more slender, the scattered black scales are more numerous and

distinct.

Expansion of the wings 3} lines. Head white; anterior wings

white, with a faint fuscous cloud at the base; in the middle is a

tawny fascia, followed by another towards the apex; on the dise

are numerous scattered black scales; cilia white, intersected by a

of the Genus Elachista. 319

rather distinct blackish hinder-marginal line, the extreme tips pale

greyish.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect appears in June; it occurs near Vienna.

60. Elachista Anserinella, Fischer.

Readily distinguished from the three preceding species by the

entire absence of any scattered dark scales on the anterior wings ;

at the same time the ochreous fasciz, though sometimes rather in-

distinct and vague, serve to distinguish it from every other species

of the genus.

Expansion of the wings 4—43 lines. Head whitish ; anterior

wings whitish, with a faint fuscous tinge along the costa at the base;

near the base is a faint ochreous fascia rarely distinct; beyond the

middle the apical portion of the wing is almost entirely ochreous,

leaving only two or three small patches of the pale ground colour ;

cilia yellowish white, intersected by a fuscous hinder marginal

line; posterior wings dark grey, with yellowish grey cilia.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect appears in May and June; it occurs in Bo-

hemia and at Vienna, also in Tuscany.

61. Elachista Rufocinerea, Haworth.

This species is intermediate between Anserinella and Rudectella.

The female, which alone approaches to Anserinella, is distinguished

by the darker, coarser scales, forming rather longitudinal streaks

than fasciz ; from Rudectella, Rufocinerea is abundantly distin-

guished by its longer antericr wings, the dark scales being

brownish instead of grey, and there being no indication of a pale

central fascia.

Male.—Expansion of the wings 43—5 lines. Head whitish;

anterior wings whitish, much suffused with brown, the inner

margin and a streak along the disc alone remaining of the paler

ground colour.

Female.—Expansion of the wings 4—45 lines, Head white;

anterior wings whitish, with numerous scattered scales of a

yellowish-brown tint, leaving the inner margin and a streak along

the dise entirely whitish.

The pale dull yellow larva, which has the dorsal vessel greenish

grey, makes long brown inconspicuous mines in Holcus mollis and

other grasses during the winter months.

320 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Synopsis

The perfect insect appears in April and May, and is abundant

throughout England and Scotland; and occurs on the shores of

the Mediterranean, in Tuscany and Croatia.

62. Elachista Rudectella, Fischer.

Not very closely allied to any other species ; the darker grey-

brown colour of the scattered scales at once distinguishes it from

Rufocinerea, and in sharply marked specimens we see clearly a pale

angulated fascia before the middle, and indistinctly a pair of pale

spots beyond the middle.

Expansion of the wings 4—43 lines. Head whitish ; anterior

wings white, with numerous scattered dark greyish-brown scales,

sometimes leaving a rather distinct angulated white fascia before

the middle, and a faint indication of a white spot at the anal

angle, and another beyond it on the costa; in the whitish cilia is

a blackish hinder-marginal line.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect appears from May to July; it occurs at

Ratisbon and Vienna.

63. Elachista Constit lla, Zeller.

The almost entire absence of dark scales on the wings readily

distinguishes this from the preceding, whereas the occurrence of

a few dark scales, and the whiter cilia, serve to separate it from

Anserinella,

Expansion of the wings 4—43 lines. Head white; anterior

wings white, faintly clouded with pale ochreous, with a few

scattered dark scales towards the hind margin; cilia white, inter-

sected by a pale grey hinder marginal line ; posterior wings pale

grey, with pale whitish-grey cilia.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect appears in April and May; it has occurred

at Fiume, in Croatia.

64. Elachista Triseriatella, Stainton.

This has some resemblance to Dispunctella, but wants the two

larger black spots of that species.

Expansion of the wings 33 lines. Head white; anterior wings

white, with three rows of black scales on the disc; cilia whitish.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect appears at the end of June; it occurs near

Bristol and in North Wales, also at Howth, in Ireland.

of the Genus Elachista. 321

65. Elachista Pollutella, Fischer.

A large species, reminding one of Cygnipennella, but with

icattered fuscous scales, which the latter species wants.

Expansion of the wings 6—63 lines. Head white; anterior

wings white, with numerous scattered fuscous scales; cilia white.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect appears in April and May; it occurs at

Vienna.

66. Elachista Grossepunctella, Herrich-Schaffer.

Not closely allied to any other species in the tendency to a tawny

fascia near the apex and another beyond the middle of the ante-

rior wings; it reminds one slightly of Collitella, but the grey head

and basal portion of the wings abundantly distinguish it from

that species.

Expansion of the wings 3—3 lines. Head grey ; palpi white ;

anterior wings white, with the basal half almost entirely greyish-

fuscous; beyond the middle is a tawny blotch on the costa, in

which are some coarse dark scales, and a tawny fascia at the

apex; has also some scattered dark scales ; cilia white, intersected

by a dark fuscous hinder marginal line.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect appears in June; it occurs near Ratisbon.

67. Elachista Nitidulclla, Fischer.

The colour of the anterior wings in this species reminds one of

Dispilella, but Nitidulcila is entirely destitute of spots; the pale

lemon colour is more decided in Nitidulella than in Festucicolella,

which latter is nearly as big again.

Expansion of the wings 3 limes. Head pale lemon colour ;

anterior wings pale lemon colour, entirely without markings ; cilia

rather whiter.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect appears in May and June; it occurs at

Vienna and near Zirich.

68. Elachista Festucicolella, Zeller.

Intermediate between Nitidulella and Cygnipennella ; resembles

the former in the faint yellowish tinge on the anterior wings, but

at once distinguished by its larger size and broader anterior

322 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Synopsis

wings; on the other hand, the faint yellowish tinge distinguished

it from Cygnipennella, and it is also smaller than that species.

Expansion of the wings 43 lines. Head whitish; anterior

wings whitish, with a very faint pale yellowish tinge; cilia slightly

paler.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect appears in July; it has occurred near

Glogau.

69. Elachista Cygnipennella, Hiibner.

Distinguished from the preceding by its large size and pure

white anterior wings, and from Pollutella by the entire absence of

dark scales.

Expansion of the wings 5—63 lines. Head white; anterior

wings white, entirely spotless, with white cilia; posterior wings

fuscous, with whitish cilia; in the female whitish, with white cilia.

The dull greenish-grey larva mines the tips of the leaves of

Dactylis glomerata and other grasses, making rather broad mines

in April.

The perfect insect appears at the end of May and in June; it

seems to be very generally distributed throughout Europe.

70. Elachista Ochreella, Stainton.

Readily recognised by the ochreous anterior wings, which are

frequently clouded with fuscous along the costa.

Expansion of the wings 5 lines, Head yellowish ochreous ;

anterior wings yellowish ochreous, unspotted, but sometimes

clouded with fuscous along the costa, especially at the base ; cilia

yellowish ochreous.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect appears in June; it occurs in various parts

of England; also at Weimar and near Ziirich.

71. Elachista Fuscochreella, Frey.

Much darker than the preceding species, with remarkably broad

anterior wings.

Expansion of the wings 43—6 lines. Head greyish ochreous ;

anterior wings ochreous brown, unspotted; cilia ochreous brown,

with the tips darker,

Larva unknown,

The perfect insect appears in July; it has occurred near

Zirich.

——

of the Genus Elachista. 323

72. Elachista Mihligiella, Frey.

Closely allied to the preceding but darker, the anterior wings

hardly so broad and more roughly scaled.

Expansion of the wings 5 lines. Head greyish brown; an-

terior wings blackish brown, rather roughly scaled; cilia of the

same colour, with a pale brownish line at their origin.

Larva unknown.

The perfect insect appears in August; it has occurred near

Zurich.

Notr.—The three following descriptions appear in the ‘‘ Bidrag till Finland’s

Fjaril. Fauna” of Tengstrom ; I have been unable to reconcile them with any

known species.

Tristictella. Nylander manuscript. ‘‘ Fusea cinerascenti obsoletius conspersa,

maculis alarum anticarum tribus parvis albidis, prima paullulum ante medium

discoidali, posterioribus pone medium oppositis. Loagit. ale ant. 4 millim.

“*Secundum litteras Celeberrimi Zeller nova, Nigrelle affinis. Caput antice

squamis cinerascentibus obsitum ; palpi fusci supra albidi. Alz ut in diagnosi

dictum fundo colorate vel, si mavis, cinerascentes creberrime fusco-squamose,

macula discoidalis inequalis transversa, indeterminata tertiam partem latitudinis

alz occupans, macule anteapicales subtriangulares haud omnino opposite, nam

externa (stigmaticalis) pauxillum posterius est sita; fimbriea squamulis fuscis

immixtez. Pedes tibiarum apicibus et tarsis annulis articulorum apicalibus

albis.”

Bistictella, n.sp. Fusca, capite metallico subnitente abdomine subtus et fas-

ciculo anali (apparatum genitalem maris luteum cireumdante) cinerascenti-mi-

cantibus, fasciaque alarum anticarum ante apicem interrupta albida valde indiscreta,

puncta duo opposita szpissime formante ; tarsi pedum albido-annulati. Long.

ale ant. 32 millim.

Species nova teste Cel. Zeller, Nigrelle quoque affinis. Praecedente valde

similis, at paullo minor, colore fusco alarum anticarum ob squamas albidas sub-

tiliter immixtas magis in cinereum vergente, punctis tantum duobus Oppositis

albidis (vel interdum fascia subinterrupta), fimbriisque subunicoloribus obscure

cinereis ab illa dignota.

Salicis, n. sp. Ale antice albide squamis fuscis crebre insperse, fascia quasi

in medio et maculis duabus obsoletis oblique oppositis albidis tantum relictis,

fimbriis sordide albidis serie punctorum fuscorum ad marginem posticam ornatis ;

caput, palpique alba. Longit. ale ant. 4 millim.

Ad precedentem proxime accedit, ab illa colore letiori albido statim dignota.

324 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Synopsis

SYNONYMY OF THE GENUS.

1. QUADRELLA.

Tinea Quadrella, Hibner, Sammlung Europ. Schmett. v.

fig. 293.

Elachista Quadrella, Zeller, Isis, 1839, 212, 21—(/d. Ent.

Zeitung, 1850, p. 199)}—(Lienig, Isis, 1846, 299)—Frey,

Tineen und Pterophoren der Schweiz, 288.

Peeciloptilia Quadrelia, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v. Eu-

* ropa, v. 309, fig. 953.

Elachista Guttella, Reutti, Lepid. Faun. Baden, 197.

2, TRAPEZIELLA.

Elachista Trapeziella, Stainton, Cat. Brit. Tineide, p. 26—

(Id. Zoologist, 1850, p. 2894)—Jd. Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin.

254—Frey, Intelligencer, ii. 126.

3. TETRAGONELLA.

Peeciloptilia Tetragonella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v. Eu-

ropa, v. 308, fig. 1010.

Elachista Tetragonella, Frey, Tineen u. Pteroph. der Schweiz,

287.

4, MaAGNIFICELLA.

Elachista Magnificella, Tengstrém, Finland’s Fjaril-Fauna,

147, 8—Stainton, Ins. Brit, Lep. Tin. 251.

Elachista Regificella, Sircom, Zoologist, 1849, App. xhii.

(Stainton, Zoologist, 1850, p. 2894)—(Jd. Supplem. Cat.

p: 9»)

Peeciloptilia Geminatella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v. Eu-

ropa, v. 309, fig. 1015.

5. NopiLeELia.

Elachista Nobilella, Zeller, Isis, 1839, 218, 28—(/d. Ent.

Zeitung, 1850, p. 201)—Frey, Tineen u. Pteroph. der

Schweiz, 287.

Peecil»ptilia Nobiliella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v. Europa,

v. 309, fig. 1012.

6. GLEICHENELLA.

Tinea Gleichenella, Fabricius, Species Insectorum, ii. 303,

81—Jd. Mantissa, ii. 252, 110.

of the Genus Eluchista. 325

Elachista Gleichenella, Stainton, Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin. 251—

Id. Ent. Annual, 1855, p. 56 [2nd edit. p. 78]—Frey,

Tineen u. Pteroph. der Schweiz, 286.

Tinea Gleichella, Fabricius, Entom, System, iii. 2, 323, 158 ;

Haworth, Lepidop. Britain. 582.

Microsetia Gleichella, Stephens, Ilustr. Haust. iv. 270.

Elachista Gleichella, Stainton, Cat. Brit. Tineide, p. 26—

Id. Zoologist, 1850, p. 2894.

Elachista Trifasciella, Tengstrém, Finland’s Fyjaril-Fauna,

148, 9.

Peeciloptilia Fractella, Herrich-Schafter, Schmett. v. Europa,

v. 309, fig. 1013, 1014.

7. APICIPUNCTELLA.

Elachista apicipunctella, Stainton, Cat. Brit. Tineide, p. 26

— (Id. Zoologist, 1850, p. 2894)—Jd. Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin.

252.

Peeciloptilia apicipunctella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v. Eu-

ropa, v. 309, fig. 951.

8. ALBIFRONTELLA.

Tinea Albifrontela, Hubner, Sammlung Europ. Schmett. v.

fig. 432.

Elachista Albifrontella, Zeller, Isis, 1839, 212, 22—(dd. Ent.

Zeitung, 1850, 199)—(Lienig, Isis, 1846, 299)—(Teng-

strom, Finland’s Fyjaril-Fauna, 148, 10)—Stainton, Cat.

Brit. Tineide, p. 25—(Jd. Zoologist, 1850, p. 2893)—

Id. Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin. p. 252—Jd.- Ent. Annual, 1855,

p- 56 (2nd edit. p. 78—Frey, Tineen u. Pteroph. der

Schweiz, 288.

Peeciloptilia Albifrontella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v. Eu-

ropa, v. 306.

Tinea Quadrella, Haworth, Lepidop. Britann. 582.

Microsetia Quadrella, Stephens, Illustr. Haust. iv. 265.

? Tinea Gleichella, Thunberg, Insecta Suecica, 7, 90.

? Amaurosetia Albifrontella, Stephens, Illustr. Haust. iv. 355.

9, CINEREOPUNCTELLA.

Tinea cinereopunctella, Haworth, Lepidop. Britann. 581.

Microsetia cinereopunctella, Stephens, Illustr. Haust. iv.

265.

Elachista cinereopunctella, Stainton, Cat. Brit. Tineide,

p- 27—(ld. Zoologist, 1850, p. 2893)—Jd. Ins. Brit.

326 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Synopsis

Lep. Tin. 254—Jd. Ent. Annual, 1855, p. 56 [2nd edit.

p- 78]—Frey, Tineen u. Pteroph. der Schweiz, 290.

Peeciloptilia cinereopunctella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v.

Europa, v. 306, fig. 1009.

10. ABBREVIATELLA.

Elachista Abbreviatella, Stainton, Supplem, Cat. App.

p. 26.

Peeciloptilia Latipennella, Herrich-Schatfer, Schmett. v.

Europa, v. 308, fig. 955.

11. Luticome.Lta.

Elachista Luticomella, Zeller, Isis, 1839, 212, 23—

(Lienig, Isis, 1846, p. 299)—Stainton, Cat. Brit. Ti-

neide, p. 25—(/d. Zoologist, 1850, p. 2893)—Zd. Ins.

Brit. Lep. Tin. p. 253—Frey, Tineen u. Pteroph. der

Schweiz, 289.

Peeciloptilia Luticomella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v. Eu-

ropa, v. 335, fig. 1011.

? Tinea Stipella, Hubner, Samm]. Europ. Schmett. v. fig.

138.

? Tinea Guttella, Haworth, Lepidop. Britann. 582.

? Microsetia Guttella, Stephens, Ilustr. Haust. iv. 265.

12. FLavicoMELLA.

Elachista Flavicomella, Stainton, Ent. Annual, 1856, p. 39.

13. ATRICOMELLA.

Elachista Atricomella, Stainton, Cat. Brit. Tineide, p. 25

—(Id. Zoologist, 1850, p. 2893)—Id. Ins. Brit. Lep.

Tin. p. 253. :

Peeciloptilia Atricomella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v.

Europa, v. 307, fig. 952.

g Elachista Alienella, Stainton, Supplem. Cat. p. 9.

? Microsetia Exiguella, Stephens, Ilustr. Haust. iv. 264.

14, KinMuNeLLa.

Elachista Kilmunella, Stainton, Cat. Brit. Tineide, p. 25

—Jd. Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin. p. 253—Jd. Ent. Annual,

1855, p. 56 [2nd edit. p. 78].

Peeciloptilia Kilmunella, Herrich - Schaffer, Schmett. v.

Europa, v. 307, fig. 1008.

Elachista Alpinella, Stainton, Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin. 254.

of the Genus Elachista. 327

15. Hetverica.

Elachista Helvetica, Frey, Tineen u. Pteroph. der Schweiz,

289.

16. HotpeneLta.

Elachista Holdenella (Edleston), Stainton, Ins. Brit. Lep.

Tin. 252.

17. NicRELLA.

Tinea Nigrella, Hubner, Samm]. Europ. Schmett. v. fig.

285—Haworth, Lepidop. Brit. 583.

Elachista Nigrella, Treitschke, Schmett. v. Europa, ix.

2, 182—Zeller, Isis, 1839, 212, 24—Jd. Isis, 1847,

892—(/d. Ent. Zeitung. 1850, p. 201)—(Tengstrém,

Finland’s Fjaril-Fauna, 148, 11)—Stainton, Cat. Brit.

Tineide, p. 26—(/d. Zoologist, 1850, p. 2894)—Id.

Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin. 254—Frey, Tineen u. Pteroph. der

Schweiz, 293.

Microsetia Nigrella, Stephens, Illustr. Haust. iv. 267.

18. GreGsonI.

Elachista Gregsoni, Stainton, Ent. Annual, 1855, p. 48

[2nd edit. p. 70].

? Peeciloptilia Exactella, Herrich - Schaffer, Schmett. v.

Europa, v. 304, fig. 960.

? Elachista Consortella, Frey, Tineen u. Pteroph. der

Schweiz, 294.

19. STABILELLA.

Elachista Stabiella, n. sp.

(Elachista Consortella, Stainton, Ent. Annual, 1855, p.

56 [2nd edit. p. 79]—Jd. Ent. Annual, 1857, p.

128.)

20. BEDELLELLA.

Microsetia Bedellella, Sircom, Zoologist, 1848, p. 2037.

Elachista Bedellella, Stainton, Cat. Brit. Tineide, p. 26—

Id. Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin. p. 257—Id. Ent. Annual, 1857,

p. 128.

Peeciloptilia Truncatella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v.

Europa, v. 309, fig. 942 (Nigrella).

Elachista Truncatella, Frey, Tineen u. Pteroph. der

Schweiz, 297.

328 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Synopsis

? Eluchista Nigrella, Duponchel, Lép. de France, Supp. iv.

473, pl. 86, fig. 9.

21, EXTENSELLA.

Elachista Extensella, Stainton, Supplement Cat. App. p.

26.

22. REcTIFASCIELLA.

Llachista Rectifasciella, Stainton, Suppl. Cat. App. p. 26.

Peeciloptilia Pullicomella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v.

Europa, v. 305, fig. 945—947 (Furvicomella).

? Elachista Pullicomella, Zeller, Isis, 1839, 212, 25.

23, INCANELLA.

Peeciloptilia Incanella (Fischer), Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett.

v. Europa, v. 308, fig. 957.

Elachista Incanella, Frey, Tineen u. Pteroph. der Schweiz,

297.

? Gcophora Squamosella, Duponchel, Lép. de France, Supp.

iv. 334, pl. 78, fig. 2.

24, GRISEELLA.

Elachista Griseella (Fischer), Zeller, Ent. Zeitung, 1850,

p- 199.

Peeciloptilia Griseella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v. Europa,

v. 308, fig. 948.

25. DisposiTELLA.

Elachista Dispositella, Mann in litt.

26. OxsscurELLA.

$ Elachista Obscurella, Stainton, Cat. Brit. Tineide, p.

26—(ld. Zoologist. 1850, p. 2894)—Zd. Inst. Brit. Lep.

p- 257—Jd. Ent. Annual, 1855, p. 56 (2nd. edit. p. 79),

—Frey, Tineen u. Pteroph. der Schweiz, 296.

@ Elachista Pulchella, Stainton, Cat. Brit. Tineide, p. 26—

(Jd. Zoologist, 1850, p. 2894)—Id. Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin.

256.

? Peeciloptilia Squamosella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. vy.

Europa, v. 305, fig. 958.

22 Tinea Pulchella, Haworth, Lepidop. Britann. 582.

2¢ Microsetia Pulchella, Stephens, Illustr. Haust, iv.

266.

of the Genus Elachista. 329

27. Humitis.

Elachista Humilis, Zeller, Entom. Zeitung, 1850, p. 201 ;

Frey, Tineen u. Pteroph. der Schweiz, 297.

Elachista Occultella, Douglas, Proc. Entom. Soc. 1850, p.

7; Zoologist, 1850, p. 2806—Stainton, Suppl. Cat. p.

9)—ZJd. Inst. Brit. Tin, 255.

28, ARUNDINELLA. .

Elachista Arundinella (Fischer), Zeller, Ent. Zeitung, 1850,

p- 200.

Peeciloptilia Arundiniella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v.

Europa, v. 308, fig. 1029.

29, CoNsoRTELLA.

Elachista Consortclla, Stainton, Suppl. Cat. p. 9—IJd. Ins.

Brit. Lep. Tin. 256.

80. SuBNIGRELLA.

Elachista Subnigrella, Douglas, Trans. Ent. Soc. ii. N. S.

p- 210, pl. xviii., fig. 1—Stainton, Inst. Brit. Lep. Tin.

255.

$1; POLEELLA.

Peeciloptilia Pullella (Fischer), Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett.

v. Europa, v. 304, fig. 946.

Elachista Pullella, Frey, Tineen u. Pterophoren der Schweiz,

295.

32, PERPLEXELLA.

Elachista Perplexella, n. sp.

Elachista Subnigrella, Frey, Tineen u. Pteroph. der Schweiz,

291.

33. AIRZ.

Elachista Aire, Frey in litt.

34, Pox,

Elachista Poe (Douglas), Stainton, Ent. Annual, 1855, p.

47 [2nd edit. p. 691].

35. BrrAscIELLA.

Elachista Bifasciella, Treitschke, Schmett. v. Europa, ixe

2, 182—Duponchel, Lép. de France, xi, 532, pl. 308,

330 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Synopsis

fig. 5—(Zeller, Isis, 1839, 213, 26)—Frey, Tineen und

Pteroph. der Schweiz, 298.

Peciloptilia Binella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v. Europa,

v. 310, fig. 959.

36, CINcTELLA.

Elachista Cinctella, Zeller, Ent. Zeitung, 1850, p. 201.

Peeciloptilia Cinctella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v. Europa,

v. 303, fig. 944.

? Elachista Cinctella, Zeller, Isis, 1839, 213, 29—(Tengstrom,

Finland’s Fjaril-Fauna, 150, 15)—Frey, Tineen u.

Pteroph. der Schweiz, 298.

37. REVINCTELLA.

Elachista Revinctella, Zeller, Ent. Zeitung, 1850, p. 202.

Peeciloptilia Revinctella (Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett, v.

Europa, v. 303).

38. ADSCITELLA.

Elachista Adscitella, Stainton, Suppl. Cat. p. 10—Zd. Ins.

Brit. Lep. Tin. 259—ZJd. Ent. Annual, 1857, p. 128.

Peciloptilia Adscitella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v.

Europa, v. 303, fig. 956.

¢ Elachista Abruptella, Stainton, Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin. 258.

39. MEGERLELLA.

Elachista Megerlella, Stainton, Cat. Brit. Tineidz, p. 27—

(Id. Zoologist, 1850, p. 2894)—ZJd. Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin.

258—Zeller, Ent. Zeitung, 1850, p.202— Douglas, Trans.

Ent. Soc. ii, N.S. p. 211, pl. xviii. fig. 2.

Peciloptilia Megerlella, WHerrich- Schaffer, Schmett. v.

Europa, v. 303, fig. 954.

? Amaurosetia Megerlella, Stephens, Illustr, Haust. iv.

350.

40. OBLIQUELLA.

Elachista Obliquella (Edleston), Stainton, Ins. Brit. Lep.

Tin. 258.

41, ZoNARIELLA.

Elachista Zonariella, Tengstrém, Finland’s Fjaril-Fauna,

150, 16—Stainton, Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin, 257.—/d. Ent.

Annual, 1855, p. 56 [2nd edit. p. 79].

of the Genus Elachista. 331

Peeciloptilia Zonariella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v. Eu-

ropa, v. 303, fig. 939 (Bisulcella).

Elachista Bisulcella, Zeller, Entom. Zeitung, 1850, p. 203—

Stainton, Suppl. Cat. p. 9.

42, CInGILLELLA.

Peeciloptilia Cingillella (Fischer), Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett.

v. Europa, v. 503, fig. 940.

43. GANGABELLA.

Elachista Gangabella (Fischer), Zeller, Ent. Zeitung, 1850,

p- 202—Stainton, Suppl. Cat. p. 10—Jd. Ins. Brit. Lep.

Tin. 258—IJd. Ent. Annual, 1855, p. 57 [2nd edit.

p- 79], non Frey.

@ Elachista Albinella, Stainton, Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin. 257.

44, T@NIATELLA.

Elachista Teniatella (Zeller), Stainton, Ent. Annual, 1857,

p. 109.

Elachista Gangabella, Frey, Tineen u. Pteroph. der Schweiz,

p- 299.

? Peeciloptilia Gangabella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v.

Europa, v. 304, fig. 941.

45, CHRYSODESMELLA.

Elachista Chrysodesmella, Zeller, Ent. Zeitung, 1850, p.

203.

Peeciloptilia Chrysodesmella (Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v.

Europa, v. 303).

46. SeRricornis.

Elachista Serricornis (Logan), Stainton, Ins, Brit. Lep. Tin.

260.

47, CERUSELLA.

Tinea Cerusella, Hiibner, Samml. Europ. Schmett. v. fig.

183—Haworth, Lepidop. Britann. 567.

Amaurosetia Cerusella, Stephens, Illustr. Haust, iv. 355.

Elachista Cerusella, (Zeller, Isis, 1839, 213, 30)—(Stainton,

Cat. Brit. Tineide, p, 27)—(/d. Zoologist, 1850, p.

2894)—J/d. Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin. p. 259.

Peeciloptilia Cerusella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v. Europa,

v. 310.

332 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Synopsis

48. UToNnELLA,

Elachista Utonella, Frey, Tineen u. Pteroph. der Schweiz,

300.

Under Peeciloptilia Rhynchosporella, Herrich - Schaffer,

Schmett. v. Europa, v. 310.

49, CoNTAMINATELLA.

Elachista Contaminatella, Zeller, Isis, 1847, p. 892.

Peciloptilia Contaminatella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v.

Europa, v. 312, fig. 1027.

50. RuyNcHOSPORELLA.

Aphelosetia Rhynchosporella, Stainton, Zoologist, 1848, p.

2165.

Elachista Rhynchosporella, (Stainton, Cat. Brit. Tineide, -

p- 27)—JId. Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin. 259—Jd. Ent. Annual,

1855, p. 57 [2nd edit. p. 79].

Peeciloptilia Rhynchosporella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett.

v. Europa, v. 310, fig. 1017 (Uliginella).

? Elachista Albidella, Tengstrém, Finland’s Fjaril-Fauna,

150, 17.

51. ELEocHARIELLA.

Elachista Eleochariella, Stainton, Suppl. Cat. p. 19—Id.

Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin. 260.

Peeciloptilia Eleochariella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett v. Eu-

ropa, v. 310, fig. 107.

52. BIATOMELLA.

Aphelosetia Biatomella, Stainton, Zoologist, 1848, p. 2165.

Elachista Biatomella, (Stainton, Cat. Brit. Tineide, p. 27)

—Id. Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin. 260—Jd. Ent. Annual, 1855,

—p. 57 [2nd Edit. p. 80]—Frey, Tineen u. Pteroph. der

Schweiz, 301.

Peeciloptilia Biatomella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v. Eu-

ropa, v. 310.

53. DIseMIELLA.

Elachista Disemiella, Zeller, Isis, 1847, p. 893.

? Peeciloptilia Disemiella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v. Eu-

ropa, v. 313, fig. 1028..

54. DispuncTELLA. :

C£cophora Dispunctella, Duponchel, Lép. de France, Supp. ~

iv. 333, pl. 78, fig. 1.

—

. of the Genus Elachista. 333

Elachista Dispunctella, Zeller, Isis, 1847, p. 893 (under Di-

semiella) Frey, Tineen u. Pteroph. der Schweiz, 302.

Peciloptilia Dispunctella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v. Eu-

ropa, v. 312, fig. 1024.

55. TRIATOMEA.

Porrectaria Triatomea, Haworth, Lepidopt. Brit. 535.

A phelosetia Triatomea, Stephens, Ilustr. Haust. iv. 288.

Elachista Triatomea, (Stainton, Cat. Brit. Tineide, p. 27)

—Id. Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin. 261.

Peciloptilia Triatomea, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v. Eu-

ropa, v. 312.

Elachista Dispilella, Stainton, Cat. Brit. Tineide, p. 27—

—(Id. Zoologist, 1850, p. 2894).

? Elachista Bipunctella, Treitschke, Schmett. v. Europa, ix.

ae A Moa

56. DisPILELLa.

Peeciloptilia Dispilella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v. Eu-_

ropa, v. 312, fig. 1023.

? Elachista Dispilella, Zeller, Isis, 1839, 213, 32.

57. PoLLINARIELLA.

Elachista Pollinariella, Duponchel, Lépid. de France, xi.

508, pl. 307, fig. 5—Zeller, Isis, 1839, 213, 31—(/d. Ent.

Zeitung, 1850, p. 203)—(Liénig, Isis, 1846, 299)—

(Tengstrém, Finland’s Fjaril-Fauna, 151, 18)—Stainton,

Suppl. Cat. p. 10—Jd. Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin. 261—Jd.

Ent. Annual, 1857, p. 128.

Peciloptilia Disertella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v. Eu-

ropa, v. 311, fig. 1018 a. .

Elachista Disertella, Frey, Tineen u. Pteroph. der Schweiz,

299.

? Peeciloptilia Pollinariella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v.

Europa, v. 311, fig. 1022.

58. SuUBOCELLEA.

Aphelosetia Suboceilea, Stephens, Ilustr. Haust. iv. 290.

Elachista Collitella, (Stainton, Cat. Brit, Tineide, p. 27)—

(Id. Zoologist, 1850, p. 2894)—Jd. Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin.

261.

Under Peeciloptilia Collitella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v.

Europa, v. 311.

VOL. IV. N. S. PT. IX.—DEC. 1858. AA

334 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Synopsis .

59, CoLLiTELLA,

Gcophora Collitella (Fischer), Duponchel, Lépid. de France,

Supp. iv. 327, pl. 77, fig. 9.

Peciloptilia Collitella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v. Eu-

ropa, v. 311, fig. 1019.

60. ANSERINELLA.

Elachista Anserinella, Zeller, Isis, 1839, 213, 34—Jd. Ent.

Zeitung, 1850, p. 203—Duponchel, Lép. de France,

Supp. iv. 474, pl. 86, fig. 10.

61. RurocinEREA.

$ Porrectaria Rufocinerea, Haworth, Lepidop. Britann.

535.

$ Aphelosetia Rufocinerea, Stephens, Illustr. Haust. iv.

289.

Elachista Rufocinerea, (Stainton, Cat. Brit. Tineide, p.

27)—Id. Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin. 262—Jd. Ent. Annual,

1855, p. 57 [2nd edit. p. 80]—Zeller, Ent. Zeitung,

1850, p. 204,

Peeciloptilia Rufocinerella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v.

Europa, v. 312, fig. 1021.

@ Porrectaria Floslactis, Haworth, Lepidop. Britann, 535.

9 Aphelosetia Floslactis, Stephens, I[llustr. Haust. iv.

289.

62. RupEcTELLA.

Elachista Rudectella (Fischer), Stainton, Suppl. Cat. App.

p- 26.

Peeciloptilia Rudectella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v. Eu-

ropa, v. 311, fig. 1020.

63, CoNsTITELLA.

Elachista Constitella, Zeller in litt.

64, TrisERIATELLA.

Elachista Triseriatella, Stainton, Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin. 261—

(Id. Ent. Annual, 1855, p. 57 [2nd edit. p. 80.])

65. PoLLuTELLA.

Peeciloptilia Pollutella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v. Eu-

ropa, v. 313, fig. 1026.

of the Genus Elachista. 335

66. GrROSSEPUNCTELLA.

69.

Peciluptila Grossepunctella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v.

Europa, v. 312.

. NITIDULELLA.

Peciloptilia Nitidulella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v. Eu-

ropa, v. 314, fig. 1025.

Elachista Nitidulella, Frey, Tineen u. Pteroph. der Schweiz,

302.

. FESTUCICOLELLA.

Elachista Festucicolella, Zeller, Entom. Zeitung, 1853, p.

415.

Peeciloptilia Festucicolella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v.

Europa, v. 313.

CyYGNIPENNELLA.

Tinea Cygnipennella, Hibner, Samml, Europ. Schmett. v.

fig. 207.

2 Aphelosetia Cygnipennella, Stephens, Illust. Haust. iv.

288.

Elachista Cygnipennella, Zeller, Isis, 1839,213,33—(Id. Isis, .

1847, 38)—Id. Isis, 1847, 893--Id. Ent. Zeitung, 1850,

p- 205—(Léinig, Isis, 1846, 299)—Douglas, Trans. Ent.

Soc. ii. N.S., pl. xviii. fig. 3—Stainton, (Cat. Brit. Ti-

neide, p. 27)—Zd. Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin. 262—ZJd. Ent.

Annual, 1855, p. 57 [2nd edit. p. 80 |—Frey, Tineen u.

Pteroph. der Schweiz, 303.

Cycnodia Cygnipennella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v. Eu-

ropa, v. 211.

Porrectaria Cygnipennis, Haworth, Lepidop. Britann. 536.

Adela Cygnella, Treitschke, Schmett. v. Europa, ix. 2,

LZ.

Elachista Cygnella, Duponchel, Lép. de France, xi. 543,

pl. 309, fig. 1.

$ Aphelosetia semialbella, Stephens, Illust. Haust. iv. 288.

? Tinea Farinella, Thunberg, Insecta Suecica, 7, 88.

70. OcuHREELLA.

Elachista Ochreella, Stainton, Cat. Brit. Tineide, p. 27—

Id. Ins. Brit. Lep. Tin. 262—(Zd. Ent. Annual, 1857,

p- 128)—Frey, Tineen u. Pteroph. der Schweiz, 303.

BA 2

336 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Synopsis

Peeciloptilia Ochreella. Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v. Eu-

ropa, v. 313, fig. 1008.

Elachista Nebulella, Stainton, Suppl. Cat. p. 10.

Elachista Subalbidella, Schlager, Bericht des lep. Tausch-

vereins, 241.

71. FuscocHreELLa.

Elachista Fuscochreella, Frey, Tineen u. Pteroph. der

Schweiz, 304.

Under Peeciloptilia Ochreella, Herrich-Schaffer, Schmett. v.

Europa, v. 313 (Fuscochrella).

72. Miinnicrena.

Elachista Mihligiella, Frey, Tineen u. Pteroph. der Schweiz,

304,

ABBREVIATELLA

Abruptella ..

ADSCITELLA ..

AIRE a

Albidella ..

ALBIFRONTELLA

Albinella oe

Alienella ae

Alpinella..

ANSERINELLA

APICIPUNCTELLA

ARUNDINELLA

ATRICOMELLA

BEDELLELLA

BIATOMELLA

BIFASCIELLA

Binella a

Bipunctella ..

Bistictella ..

Bisulcella ee

CERUSELLA oe»

CHRYSODESMELLA

CINCTELLA ..

CINEREOPUNCTELLA

CINGILLELLA

CouLiitELLa ..

Collitella ..

ConsorTELLA

Consortella ..

ConsTITELLA

ConraMINATELLA

Cygnella..

CYGNIPENNELLA

Cygnipennis ..

DIsEMIELLA ».

Disertella ..

DIsPILeLLa .-

Dispilella ..

DisposiTELLa

DispuncrELLa

ELEocHARIELLA

Exactella ..

Exiguella ..

EXTENSELLA

Farinella oe

FEsTUCICOLELLA

FLAVICOMELLA

Floslactis ..

Fractella =5

of the Genus Elachista.

INDEX.

Page

299 | Furvicomella

330 | FuscocHrEELta

310

308 | GancaBELLa

332 | Gangabella ..

298 | Geminatella ..

831 | Gleichella ..

326 | GLEICHENELLA

826 | Grecsonr ..

3819 | GrisEELLA ..

298 | GrossEPUNCTELLA

306 | Guittella

300

HELVETICA ..

303 | HoipENELLA

315 | Humizis oe

309

330 | INcANELLA ..

333

323 | KitmuNnELLa

331

Latipennella ..

314 | LuricomeLia

313

310 | MacwniriceLia

299 MEGERLELLA

312 | Muisxrererra

318

333 | Nebulella .,

307 |. NIGRELLA «+.

327 | Nigrella 40

320 | NirrpULELLA

314 | Nosirenta ..

335

322 | OsBLiQuELLA

335 | OpscuRELLA

Occultella ..

316 | OcHREELLA oe

333

317 | PEeRPLEXELLA

333 | Poz.. a5

305 | PoLLINARIELLA

316 | PoLtituretta

Pulchella ..

315 | PuLLetyta ee

327 | Pullicomella

326

304 | QuapDRELIA ..

Quadrella_ ..

335

Bye RECTIFASCIELLA

300 | Regificella

334 | RevINncTrELLA

3825 | RuYNCHOSPORELLA .

337

Page

328

322

312

331

324

325

297

302

305

321

324

301

302

306

304

301

326

300

297

31]

323

336

302

327

321

297

311

305

329

322

308

309

317

321

328

308

* 328

296

325

304

324

316

315

338 Mr. H.T. Stainton’s Synopsis of the Genus Elachista.

No. Page No. Page

RupDeEcTe.ta a 62 320 | TeenraTELLa aie 44 312

RurocrnEREA an 61 319 | TreTrR4aGoNELLA 7. 3 296

TRAPEZIELLA ote 2 296

Salicis AA 40 323 | TrraTOMEA ce Sis 55 317

Semialbella .. 30 69 835 | Trifasciella .. os 6 325

SERRICORNIS ae 46 313 | TriseRIATELLA oe 64 320

Squamosella «. 20, 26 328 | Tristictella .. . 323

STABILELLA .. oie 19 303 | Truncatella .. ae 20 327

Stipella aie ° 11 326

Subalbidella £ 70 336 | Uliginella .. vs 50 332

SuUBNIGRELLA si 30 307 | UroneLta .. Ae 48 314

Subnigrella .. ee 32 329

SUBOCELLFA 318 | ZoNnARIELLA .. ata 41 311

ics

(2890 <yie

XXIII. Descriptions of some New Species of Chrysome-

lide. By J.S. Bary, Esq.

[Read 2nd March, 1857.]

THE present paper contains principally descriptions of insects

lately added to my collection, in addition are a few others well

known to collectors, but hitherto bearing only manuscript names.

Genus DorystTERNA, Guér.

Sp. 1. Dorysterna tibialis.

Ovata, valde convexa, nitida, fulvo-testacea, antennis extrorsum

nigris, elytris viridi-zneis, margine postico rufo-testaceo,

tibiis anticis curvatis, apice dilatatis.

Long. 5 lin.

Ovata, valde convexa, fulvo-testacea, nitida. Caput tenuissime

punctatum, mandibulis apice antennarumque articulis ultimis

quatuor, nigris. Thorax transversus, longitudine triplo latior,

apice late concavo-emarginatus, lateribus rotundato-expla-

natis, basi emarginatis; supra convexus, utrinque leniter

excavatus, tenuiter punctatus. Scutellum leve. Elytra

thorace vix latiora, valde convexa, apice late rotundata, late-

ribus infra basin paullo explanatis, obsolete angulatis ; dis-

tincte punctata, punctis in striis plurimis dispositis; lete

viridi-zenea, marginis lateralis dimidio postico rufo-fulvo.

Tibiz antice elongate, ultra medium curvate, apice dila-

tatee.

Upper Amazons.

Sp. 2. Dorysterna cruentata.

Oblonga, convexa, rubra, elytris metallico-olivaceis, sutura

limboque anguste rubris, antennis extrorsum nigris.

Long. 43 lin. :

Caput indistincte punctatum ; oculis, mandibularum apice an-

tennisque extrorsum, nigris. Thorax transversus, apice valde

subquadrato-excavatus, lateribus basi ad apicem angustatis,

angulis anticis obtusis; supra convexus, punctatus, utrinque

vix excavatus. Elytra oblongo-ovata, convexa, subopaca,

tenuiter punctato-striata, striis ad apicem fere obsoletis ;

viridi-olivacea, limbo suturaque rubris. Corpus subtus nitido-

rufo-testaceum.

Brazil.

340 Mr. J. 8. Baly’s Descriptions of some

Sp. 3. Dorysterna Jestiva.

Ovata, valde convexa, obscure fulva, antennis (basi excepta)

nigris, thoracis disco fusco-zeneo, elytris late viridi-eneis,

nitidis, puncto basali margineque laterali postice, flavis.

Long. 43—5 lin.

Caput tenuiter punctatum ; antenne (articulis basalibus tribus

exceptis) nigree; labrum flavum. Thorax transversus, longi-

tudine triplo latior, apice valde emarginatus, lateribus rotun-

datis, basi emarginatis; supra modice convexus, utrinque

leniter excavatus, tenuiter punctatus; fusco-zeneus, margine

apicali lateribusque obscure fulvis. Scutellum ]eve. Elytra

thorace vix latiora, valde convexa, apice rotundata, lateribus

infra basin vix productis, medio sinuatis; distincte punctata,

punctis antice in striis, lateribus apiceque confuse dispositis ;

leete viridi-zenea, nitida, puncto humerali marginisque lateralis

dimidio postico, flavis.

Peru.

Sp. 4. Dorysterna pretiosa.

Ovata, convexa, picea, capite, thoracis lateribus maculaque api-

cali, scutello, abdominis apice pedibusque, fulvis, elytris ni-

tidissimis, punetato-striatis, metallico-purpureis, utrisque

maculis quatuor flavis; antennis (basi excepta) nigris.

Long. 44 lin.

Caput tenuiter punctatum; antennz fere corporis dimidii lon-

gitudine, articulis duobus basalibus totis tertioque infra,

fulvis, czeteris nigris. Thorax longitudine plus triplo latior,

apice valde emarginatus, lateribus rotundatis, angulis anticis

acutis ; tenuiter punctatus, subopacus, piceus, lateribus macu-

Jaque parva triangulari, ad marginem apicalem adfix4, fulvis.

Scutellum trigonum, pallide fulvaum. Elytra thoracis basi vix

latiora, ovata, convexa, lateribus ante medium paullo pro-

ductis et obtuse angulatis, apice rotundata; fortiter punc-

tata, punctis in striis plurimis confuse-dispositis ; purpurea,

nitidissima, utraque maculis quatuor flavis, una angulo hu-

merali, duabus alteris prope medium, parallelis, quarta trans-

versa, ad marginem apicalem adfix4, positis. Subtus obscure

piceus, thorace, abdominis apice pedibusque rufo-fulvis.

Ega, Upper Amazons.

New Species of Chrysomelide. 341

Genus Doryruora, Illig.

Sp. 1. Doryphora spectabilis.

Ovata, convexa, supra rufo-picea, nitida, thoracis margine

laterali elytrorumque limbo, vitté brevi prope suturam, ma-

culisque duabus, flavis.

Long. 5 lin.

Caput crebre punctatum, rufo-piceum, antennarum articulis duo-

bus basalibus infra, ultimoque apice, fulvis. Thorax longi-

tudine plus duplo latior, apice valde excavatus, lateribus rec-

tis, antice rotundato-angustatis, angulis anticis acutis ; supra

leniter convexus, fortiter et sat crebre punctatus ; rufo-piceus,

utrinque obscurior, margine laterali anguste flavo. Elytra

thorace paullo latiora, convexa, sat crebre et fortiter punctata,

punctis ad apicem minus fortiter impressis, basi et prope

suturam, obsolete subseriatim dispositis ; rufo-picea, margini-

bus basali et laterali, vitta pone medium disco interiori

posita, maculisque duabus, und ante—altera pone—medium

positis, flavis. Corpus subtus piceum, nitidum,

Mexico.

Sp. 2. Doryphora mirabilis. (Pl. XXVII. fig. 4.)

Oblongo-ovata, convexa, nigro-zenea; nitida, elytris fulvis, mar-

gine, sutura, fasciis duabus communibus, et utrisque macula

triangulari, subapicali, rufo-piceis, zneo-micantibus,

Long. 53 lin. .

Caput tenuiter punctatum. Thorax longitudine fere triplo

latior, apice valde excavatus, lateribus leniter rotundato-

ampliatis, antice paullo angustatis, angulis anticis mucronatis;

supra convexus, lateribus leniter excavatus, sub crebre, disco

tenuissime et sparse punctatus. Scutellum leve. Elytra

thorace paullo latiora, illo plus quadruplo longiora, ovata,

convexa, tenuiter subseriatim punctata, fulva, nitida, utraque

sutura, margine exteriori, fasciis duabus communibus, und

infra basin, extrorsum abbreyiaté, altera prope medium, ad

marginem connexa, maculadque triangulari, subapicali, rufo-

piceis, zneo-micantibus.

Venezuela.

Sp. 3. Doryphora bella.

Ovata, convexa, supra cuprea, nitida, elytris fulvis, sutura,

342 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions of some

limbo exteriori, apice late, fasciisque duabus extrorsum ab-

breviatis, cupreis. .

Long. 53 lin.

Ovata, valde convexa. Caput tenuiter punctatum ; antenne

nigre. Thorax longitudine plus duplo Jatior, apice valde

excavatus, lateribus subrectis, antice rotundato-angustatis,

angulis anticis subacutis; supra convexus, utrinque exca-

vatus, fortiter punctatus, punctis sparsis, irregulariter con-

gregatis. Scutellum leve. Elytra subquadrato-ovata, valde

convexa, fortiter punctata, punctis in striis irregulariter dis-

positis ; fulva, apice late, sutura, margine exteriori, macula

basali parva, sutura confluenti, fasciisque duabus, extrorsum

abbreviatis, cupreis; his discum fere amplectentibus, una

ante—alterd pone—medium positis, marginibus, etsi margine

apicali, irregulariter crenatis, Corpus subtus nigro-zeneum,

nitidum.

Mexico.

Sp. 4. Doryphora Javeti.

Quadrato-ovata, convexa, cuprea, nitida, antennis elytrisque

fulvis, his sutur4, marginibus basali et exteriori, macula sub-

cordaté communi ante medium, et utrisque punctis duobus

nigro-zeneis ; tarsis fusco-fulvis.

Long. 6 lin.

Quadrato-ovata, valde convexa. Caput tenuiter punctatum ;

antenne fulve. ‘Thorax longitudine fere triplo latior, apice

valde excavatus, lateribus rotundatis, postice subrectis, an-

gulis anticis acutis ; supra convexus, irregulariter punctatus,

utringue late excavatus. Scutellum subtrigonum, leve.

Elytra subquadrata, apice rotundata, dorso ante medium

valde-, postice declivo-convexa; fulva, fusco-punctata, limbo

toto, vitta suturali, macula communi subcordata ante medium,

et utrisque punctis duobus, oblique positis, una ante—altera

pone—medium, nigro-aneis. Corpus subtus obscure eneum,

pedibus cupreis, coxis, femoribus infra, tibiis apice tarsisque

fusco-fulvis.

Napo.

Named after my friend, M. Javet, of Paris.

Sp. 5. Doryphora flexuosa.

Ovata, convexa, cuprea, nitida, elytris lineis duabus, basi apice-

que connexis, una margine exteriori, alterad flexuosa, dis-

coidali flavis.

Long. 44 lin.

Caput vage punctatum, cupreum, antennis extrorsum nigris,

—

New Species of Chrysomelide. 343

basi infra et labro fulvis. Thorax longitudine plus duplo

latior, apice valde excavatus, lateribus rotundatis, antice

paullo angustatis, angulis anticis et posticis acutis; supra

convexus, crebre sed tenuiter punctatus. Elytra subovata,

valde convexa, punctata, punctis ad basin in striis indistinetis

dispositis, ad apicem confusis et ibi minus fortiter impressis ;

cuprea, utraque elytra linea basali, dimidio exteriori posita,

vittisque duabus, linea basali connexis, flavis; una marginali,

altera discoidali, hAc ante medium introrsum ad suturam flex-

uosa, hine ad apicem juxta suturam prolongata, et ibi lined

marginali confluenti. Corpus subtus nitidum;_ pedibus

cupreo-zneis.

Ecuador.

Sp. 6. Doryphora Sheppard. (Pl. XXVII. fig. 6.)

Ovata, valde convexa, subgibbosa, postice angustata, obscure

cupreo- aut viridi-zenea, nitida, elytris flavo-albis, fascia trans-

versa lata ante medium et utrisque plagé magna triangulari

postice, viridi-zeneis.

Long. 7—83 lin.

Caput inter oculos subtilissime canaliculatum, utrinque obsolete

4foveolatum, tenuiter punctatum, clypeo magis distincte punc-

tato. Thorax transversus, apice valde quadrato-emarginatus,

lateribus basi sinuatis, antice paullo ampliatus et rotundatus,

angulis anticis mucronatis; supra fortiter sed subremote

punctatus. Elytra thorace latiora, apicem versus angustata,

valde convexa, dorso ante medium subgibbosa, fortiter punc-

tata, punctis magnis, antice prope suturam in striis, ad latera

et apicem versus, confuse dispositis; flavo-alba, fascia trans-

versa lata, ante medium posité, margine exteriori angustata,

et utrisque pone medium plaga magna triangulari, cupreo

aut viridi-zneis. Corpus subtus nigro-ezneum, nitidum.

Guatemala. .

Sp. 7. Doryphora Batesei. (Pl. XXVII. fig. 3.)

Oblongo-ovata, valde convexa, subtus nigra; supra nigro-

cuprea, nitida; elytris nigris, fasciis crenatis tribus, macu-

laque subapicali antice crenata, fulvo-testaceis, pedibus ob-

scure chalybeis.

Long. 9 lin.

Oblongo-ovata, valde convexa. Caput nitidum, tenuiter punc-

tatum. ‘Thorax longitudine plus duplo latior, apice valde

excavatus, lateribus rotundatis, angulis anticis submucro-

344

Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions of some

natis; supra convexus, lateribus leniter concavo-excavatus ;

sparse sed fortiter punctatus, punctis irregulariter congre-

gatis. Scutellum trigonum, leve. Elytra quadrato-ovata,

dorso valde convexa, ante medium obsolete gibbosa, punc-

tata, nigra, nitida, fasciis tribus crenatis, sutura anguste ab-

breviatis, maculdque subtriangulari ante apicem posita, antice

crenatd, fulvo-testaceis. Corpus subtus nigrum, pedibus ob-

scure chalybeis.

Ega, Upper Amazons. Collected by H. W. Bates, Esq.

This insect, one of the most beautiful in the genus, I have

named after its discoverer, Mr. H. W. Bates.

Sp. 8. Doryphora Wollastoni.

Oblongo-ovata, viridi-cuprea, nitida, elytris viridibus, limbo

suturaque viridi-cupreis ; antennis nigris.

Long. 83 lin.

Caput tenuiter sed sparse punctatum, fronte medio foveolata.

Thorax transversus, longitudine plus duplo latior, apice valde

excavatus, lateribus rotundatis, angulis anticis mucronatis ;

supra convexus, tenuiter punctatus, utrinque foveolatus.

Elytra minus tenuiter punctata, punctis in striis irregulariter

dispositis; viridia, limbo anguste, suturaque viridi-cupreis.

Corpus subtus lete cupreum.

This fine insect, which was kindly presented to me by T. V.

Wollaston, Esq., is unfortunately without locality.

Sp. 9. Doryphora Hebe.

Oblongo-ovata, convexa, nigro-znea, elytris obscure ceruleis,

utrisque margine exteriori maculisque tribus, flavis.

Long. 53 lin.

Caput tenuiter punctatum ; antenne nigre, basi deorsum flavee.

Thorax longitudine plus duplo latior, apice valde excavatus,

lateribus subrectis, antice rotundato-angustatis, angulis anticis

acutis; supra modice convexus, utrinque depressus, crebre

punctatus, disco sparse punctatus. Scutellum leve, nitidum.

Elytra ovata, convexa, dorso non gibbosa, crebre punctata ;

obscure czerulea, utrisque margine exteriori maculisque tri-

bus flavis, prima basali, oblonga, transvers&, secunda prope

medium, transversa, tertiad subapicali, subtrigond. Corpus

subtus nigro-zeneum, nitidum.

Napo.

New Species of Chrysomelide. 345

Sp. 10. Doryphora vespertina.

Ovata, convexa, supra pallide viridis, nitida, vertice, antennis

elytrorumque vittis tribus, nigro-eneis; subtus obscure

fusco-fulva, pleuris, thoracis medio, abdominisque segmentis

basi, nigro-zeneis.

Long. 5 lin.

Caput evidenter punctatum ; clypeus obscure fulvus, vertice

et antennis nigro-eneis, his articulis basalibus deorsum piceis.

Thorax longitudine duplo latior, apice valde excavatus, la-

teribus rotundatis, antice angustatis; tenuiter punctatus,

pallide viridis, disco fusco-gneo-notatus. Scutellum leve.

Elytra convexa, utraque striis decem e punctis distinctis,

stria prima abbreviata ; punctis in striis confuse dispositis ;

pallide viridia, vittis tribus nigro-ceneis, prima communi,

prope medium dilatata, postice angustat4, ante apicem ab-

breviatd, alteris utroque disco positis, curvatis, submacula-

riformibus, latis, ante apicem abbreviatis. Corpus subtus ob-

scure fulvum, thoracis medio, pleuris abdominisque segmen-

torum basi, nigro-zeneis ; pedes szepe fusco- notati.

Peru.

Sp. 11. Doryphora trivittata. (Pl. XXVII. fig. 1.)

Ovata, convexa, nigro-enea, nitida, thoracis lateribus elytrisque

pallide viridibus ; his vittis tribus nigro-eneis.

Long. 5 lin.

Caput nitidum, indistincte punctatum. Antenne nigre, basi

deorsum pallide pices. Thorax longitudine duplo latior,

apice valde excavatus, lateribus rotundatis, antice angustatis,

angulis anticis acutis; nigro-zeneus, tenuiter et subremote

punctatus, lateribus pallide viridibus, vage punctatis. Scu-

tellum lve. Elytra convexa, distincte striato-punctata,

punctis in striis irregulariter dispositis ; pallide viridia, nitida,

linea suturali communi, ante medium ampliata, hine ad

apicem gradatim angustata, et utroque disco vitta lata, basi

apiceque abbreviat4, nigro-eneis. Corpus subtus nigro-

zeneum, femorum basi spinaque pectorali piceis.

Peru.

Nearly allied to the last species, but nevertheless I think quite

distinct.

346 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions of some

Sp. 12. Doryphora subglobosa. (Pl. XXVII. fig. 8.)

Subglobosa, nitida, supra viridis, ore antennisque fulvis, his ex-

trorsum piceis ; elytris distincte punctato-striatis, vitta sub-

marginali flava; subtus flavo-viridis; pedibus fulvis.

Long. 53 lin.

Subglobosa, viridis, nitida; caput vertice tenuiter punctatum,

utrinque inter oculos leviter impressum ; ore antennisque ful-

vis, his extrorsum piceis. Thorax transversus, apice qua-

drato-excavatus ; lateribus rotundatis, angulis anticis submu-

cronatis; supra convexus, tenuiter punctatus. Scutellum

pallide viride. Elytra thorace paullo latiora, breviter ovata,

valde convexa, regulariter punctato-striata; viridia, vitta

submarginali flava; striz leete virides, intersticiis tenuissime

punctatis, alternis flavo-viridibus. Corpus subtus flavo-vi-

ride, thorace viridi, pedibus fulvis.

Para.

A single specimen in my own collection, also another in the

British Museum.

This insect may be at once distinguished from all the known

pale green species by its short convex form; the Museum spe-

cimen is one-third larger than mine.

Sp. 18. Doryphora Bohemanni.

Subglobosa, valde convexa, flava, nitida, capite thoraceque sub-

opacis, illo puncto verticali, hoc punctis sex, fuscis, elytris

punctato-striatis, utrisque maculis 18 oblongis rufo-fulvis.

Long. 5? lin.

Subglobosa. Caput subopacum, tenuiter punctatum, antennis

extrorsum, oculis punctoque verticali, piceis; mandibulis

apice nigro-piceis. Thorax longitudine plus duplo latior,

apice valde excavatus, lateribus rotundato-angustatis, angulis

anticis subacutis ; supra convexus, subopacus, sordide flavus,

margine basali punctisque sex, quatuor antice, transversim

positis, et utrinque uno prope angulum posticum, fuscis.

Scutellum trigonum, lave, pallide fuseum. Elytra valde con-

vexa, minus tenuiter punctato-striata, intersticiis transversin

strigosis ; flava, nitida, vitt4é suturali postice abbreviata, et

utraque maculis 18 oblongis, seriebus transversis quatuor

dispositis, rufo-fulvis.

Brazil.

New Species of Chrysomelide. 347

Sp. 14. Doryphora simulans.

Breviter ovata, valde convexa, nigra, thorace elytrisque flavo-

albis, illo maculis duabus, his margine, sutur4 anguste, fascia

lineariformi pone medium vittulisque, fascia interruptis,

nigris ; antennis, tibiis tarsisque, fusco-fulvis.

Long. 53 lin.

Caput nigrum, tenuiter punctatum ; labro flavo, palpis anten-

nisque fusco-fulvis, ‘Thorax longitudine fere triplo latior,

apice valde excavatus, lateribus rotundato-angustatis, angulis

anticis obtusis ; supra convexus, flavo-albus, margine basali

maculisque duabus discoidalibus, basi conuexis, nigris,

tenuiter punctatis. Scutellum trigonum, leve. Elytra bre-

viter ovata, valde convexa, flavo-alba, margine, basi et

sutura anguste, fascia lineariformi pone medium, suturd

abbreviat4, vittulisque nigris; utraque elytra horum octo

ante—septem post—medium; vittulis tenuiter punctatis, inter-

sticiis lavibus, sparse et obsolete transversim strigosis ; antice

prope suturam, punctorum stria disco concolori, alter&é que

juxta marginem medio nigra. Corpus subtus nigrum; coxis,

tibiis tarsisque fusco-fulvis.

Brazil ?

This species in colouring bears a striking resemblance to the

insects belonging to the genus Deuterocampta.

Sp.15. Doryphora Thomson.

Subrotundata, valde convexa, rufo-fulva, nitida, thoracis disco

elytrisque metallico-viridibus, oculis antennisque extrorsum

nigris.

Long. 53—63 lin.

Breviter ovata aut subrotundata, valde convexa. Caput obso-

lete punctatum, rufo-fulvum, oculis antennisque extrorsum

nigris. Thorax longitudine plus duplo latior, apice valde

excavatus, lateribus basi subrectis, antice rotundato-angus-

tatis, angulis anticis acutis ; supra convexus, tenuiter punc-

tatus, metallico-viridis, lateribus rufo-fulvis. Scutellum tri-

angulum, leve. Elytra thoracis basi paullo latiora, breviter

ovata, valde convexa, minus tenuiter punctata; tota metallico-

viridia. Corpus subtus rufo-fulvum.

Ega, Upper Amazons. Collected by H. W. Bates, Esq.

348 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions of some

Sp. 16. Doryphora catenulata, Oliv. (Pl. XX VII. fig. 7.)

Var. A.—Cupreo-enea, elytris ceruleo-zneis, utrisque plaga

magn4 discum exteriorem fere amplectenti, fulva, fusco-

notata.

Var. B.—Elytris lete cupreo-eneis, utrisque fasciis tribus sub-

maculariformibus, margine suturdque abbreviatis, fulvis.

Ega, Upper Amazons. Collected by Mr. H. W. Bates.

Long. 6—7 lin.

The two insects described above are remarkable local varieties

of Doryphora catenulata, Oliv. They are so dissimilar to the type,

that without the possession of a long chain of intermediate va-

rieties I should have hesitated at uniting them with it.

Sp. 17. Doryphora Whitez.

Ovata, convexa, rufo-nitida; antennis fuscis, thoracis margine,

maculisque quatuor eneis; elytris fulvis, vitté lata suturali,

margine exteriori anguste maculisque duabus, fusco-zneis.

Long. 43 lin. ;

Caput tenuiter punctatum, maculis duabus vertice eneis ;

oculi nigri; antenne fuscz, articulo basali infra rufo.

Thorax transversus, apice concavo-emarginatus, lateribus

subparallelis, antice rotundato-angustatis, angulis anticis

acutis; supra subconvexus, tenuiter punctatus; margine,

maculisque quatuor, transversim positis, zeneis. Elytra

magis distincte punctato-striata, punctis in striis confuse dis-

positis ; fulva, vitté lata suturali, margine exteriori anguste

plagisque magnis duabus, una ante medium ad vittam su-

turalem adfixa, alteré pone medium, subtrigona, extrorsum

emarginaté, margine exteriori confluenti, fusco-zeneis. Cor-

pus subtus rufo-testaceum, nitidum.

Upper Amazons.

Sp. 18. Doryphora irrorata.

Ovata, convexa, lete cuprea, nitida; elytris flavis, fusco-zeneo-

irroratis, margine exteriori, sutura, macula4que communi

ovata, ante medium posita, cupreis.

Long. 53 lin.

Caput tenuiter punctatum. Thorax transversus, longitudine

fere duplo latior, lateribus subrectis, antice rotundato-an-

gustatis, angulis anticis submucronatis; supra convexus,

utrinque leniter excavatus, fortiter punctatus. Elytra fortiter

sed irregulariter punctato-striata; flava, maculis parvis lete

New Species of Chrysomelide. 349

fusco-zeneis irrorata, margine exteriori et sutura anguste,

maculaque ovata communi ante medium cupreis.

Nepo.

Sp. 19. Doryphora fiqvo-cincta,

Ovata, valde convexa, fusco-znea, nitida, elytrorum vitta sub-

marginali flava.

Long. 5 lin.

Caput tenuiter punctatum, antenne nigro-picez, basi fulve,

labrum obscure fulvum ; oculi nigri. Thorax longitudine plus

duplo latior, apice valde excavatus, lateribus leniter rotun-

datis, antice angustatis, angulis anticis mucronatis ; supra

convexus, tenuissime punctatus, subopacus. Elytra valde

convexa, nitida, regulariter punctato-striata; fusco-znea,

vitta submarginali flava. Corpus subtus nitidum, pallide

fusco-zeneum.

Brazil.

Sp. 20. Doryphora 18-guttata.

Ovata, convexa, supra cupreo-enea, nitida; elytris metallico-

viridibus, guttis 18 fulvis ; subtus rufo-picea, pedibus zeneo-

micantibus.

Long. 5 lin.

Ovata, convexa, supra nitido-cupreo-zenea. Caput punctatum ;

antennis nigris, basi fulvis. Thorax transversus, lateribus

rotundatis, postice sinuatis, angulis anticis submucronatis ;

apice valde excavatus ; supra punctatus, utrinque obsolete

impressus. Scutellum leve. Elytra convexa, distincte

punctata, punctis in striis confuse dispositis, metallico-viridia,

maculis subrotundatis 18, seriebus transversis quatuor posi-

tis, instructa. Corpus subtus rufo-piceum; pedibus cupreo-

zeneo-micantibus.

Columbia.

Genus CryPTOSTETHA,

(Details, Pl. XXVIL. fig. 9.)

Antenne (fig. 9a) subfiliformes, ad apicem leniter incrassate,

subcompresse.

Labrum transversum.

Mandibule magne, apice dentate.

Palpi mazxillares (fig. 96) articulo primo parvo, duobus se-

quentibus clavatis, tertio incrassato, ultimo subcylindrico,

paullo compresso, truncato; labiales articulo ultimo conico.

Labium mento transverso, liguldé cornea, obtusa.

VOL. IV. N. S. PT. IX.—DEC. 1858. BB

350 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions of some

Mesosternum (fig. 9) breve, transversum, obtusum, prominens,

sed vix productum.

Thorax transversus, apice valde emarginatus.

Scutellum triangulare.

Elytra oblongo-ovata, convexa.

Pedes simplices.

Corpus oblongum, Type Cryptostetha marmorata.

Cryptostetha marmorata.

Oblonga, convexa, obscure cupreo- aut nigro-zenea; elytris for-

titer punctatis, fulvis, nigro-marmoratis.

Long. 6 lin.

Caput tenuiter punctatum, vertice macula sub-cordata fulva ;

antenne dimidio corporis breviores, articulis tribus basa-

libus subtus piceis. ‘Thorax transversus, apice valde emar-

ginatus, lateribus postice subrectis, antice rotundatis, angulis

anticis dente obtuso, fulvo, armatis ; supra convexus, disco

fere impunctatus, lateribus excavatis, fortiter sed sparse

punctatis. Scutellum leve. Elytra oblongo-ovata, convexa,

thorace latiora, fortiter punctata, punctis valde impressis,

irregulariter confluentibus, intersticiis, praesertim ad latera et

ad apicem convexis ; lutea, nigro-marmorata.

Brazil.

Genus Erytrospu@ra, Blanch.

Elytrosphera vittata. (Pl. XXVII. fig. 5.)

Ovata, convexa, metallico-purpurea, nitida; elytris sulcato-

striatis, flavis, utrisque sutura vittisque duabus basi apiceque

connexis, purpureis.

Long. 44—5$ lin.

Antenne dimidii corporis longitudine, articulis quinque basa-

libus nitidis, glabris; ceteris opacis, nigris, pilis brevibus

adpressis, hirsutis. Thorax transversus, apice concavo-ex-

cavatus, lateribus rotundatis; supra fortiter punctatus, punc-

tis irregulariter confluentibus. Scutellum triangulare, apice

obtusum. Elytra ovata, valde convexa, sulcato-striata, sul-

cis fortiter punctatis, intersticlis convexis, levibus; flava,

utraque sutura vittisque duabus, basi et apice confluentibus,

et rarius strid secunda a suturd purpureis. Corpus subtus

nitidum, abdominis segmentis duobus, utrinque flavo-punc-

tatis.

Brazil.

New Species of Chrysomelide. 351

Genus Prosziceta, Erichs.

Sp. 1. Prosetcela spectabilis.

Oblongo-ovata, nigro-zenea, nitida, thoracis margine (basi ex-

cepta) elytrisque flavis, his suturd vittisque tribus, duabus

antice, tertiaque obliqua pone medium, nigro-zeneis.

Long. 53 lin.

Oblongo-ovata, convexa, nitida. Caput tenuiter punctatum,

fronte obsolete bis impressum ; antennz dimidio corporis vix

longiores, obscure nigro-znee, articulis sex primis nitidis.

Thorax longitudine duplo latior, lateribus basi subrectis, antice

rotundato-angustatis, apice valde emarginatis; supra con-

vexus, sat fortiter sed sparse punctatus, nigro-eneus, late-

ribus apiceque late flavo-marginatus, margine apicali postice

in maculam trilobatam producta. Scutellum lve, obscure

nigro-zeneum. LElytra ovata, convexa, sat fortiter punctato-

Striata, punctis in striis confuse dispositis; flava, utraque

sutura, vittis duabus ante medium, una subsuturali, paullo—

altera juxta marginem, extrorsum medio emarginata, vix ul-

tra—medium abbreviatis, fascidque obliqua brevi, paullo ante

apicem posita, nigro-zeneis. Corpus subtus obscure nigro-

zneum, nitidum.

Ecuador.

Sp. 2. Proseicela Chevrolatii.

Oblongo-ovata, convexa, cupreo-zenea, nitida; elytris obscure

fulvis, cupreo-zneo-signaturis.

Long. 6 lin.

Caput punctatum, inter oculos tenuiter canaliculatum. Thorax

transversus, lateribus rotundatis, postice subsinuatis ; nitidus,

tenuiter sed remote punctatus, utrinque foveis duabus im-

pressus. Scutellum leve. Elytra thorace latiora, illo qua-

druplo longiora, convexa, punctato-striata, punctis in striis

irregulariter dispositis ; obscure fulva, utraque sutura, macula

communi basali, maculis brevibus sublineariformibus quatuor,

disco interiori positis, vittulisque tribus obliquis, subflexuosis,

disco exteriori longitudinaliter positis, cupreo-zeneis. Corpus

subtus-nigro-zeneum,

Guatemala.

Genus Leprinorarsa, Blanch.

Sp. 1. Leptinotarsa vittata.

Ovata, convexa, nitida, zeneo-viridis; palpis, antennarum arti-

culis quinque basalibus, tibiarum apice tarsisque, pallide

fulvis, elytris flavis, margine suturali picea, utrisque vittis

quatuor nigro-zenelis.

Long. 5 lin.

352 Mr. J.S. Baly’s Descriptions of Chrysomelide.

Caput nitidum, punctatum. Antenne nigre, articulis quinque

basalibus, labri margine, palpisque fulvise Thorax trans-

versus, lateribus rotundatis; tenuiter marginatus, nitidus,

utrinque foved magna rotundataé impressus, disco tenuiter,

subremote-, lateribus densius subvarioloso-punctatus. Scu-

tellum lve, trigonum. Elytra convexa, thorace paullo

latiora, irregulariter punctato-striata; flava, sutura pallide

piced, utraque vittis quatuor nigro-eneis instructa, prima

paullo infra medium abbreviata, czeteris longioribus, apice

seepe confluentibus. Pedes viridi-zenei, tibiarum apice tar-

sisque fulvis.

Mexico.

Sp. 2. Leptinotarsa signatipennis. (Pl. XXVII. fig. 2.)

Oblongo-ovata, convexa, viridi-zenea, nitida ; palpis, antennarum

basi, tibiarum apice tarsisque fulvis, elytris flavis, nigro-

signatis.

Long. 43—6 lin.

Caput nitidum, viridi-aeneum, labri margine palpisque fulvis ;

antennz dimidii corporis longitudine, articulis basalibus tribus

totis, duobusque sequentibus apice, fulvis, czteris nigris,

opacis. Thorax transversus, antice valde excavatus, lateribus

postice fere rectis, antice rotundatis, angulis anticis acutis;

supra convexus, punctatus, lateribus subvariolus. Scutellum

triangulare, subtilissime punctatum. Elytra convexa, irregu-

lariter punctato-striata; flava, sutura et lineis duabus ante

medium, strigdque flexuosa postice, interdum distincta, ple-

rumque cum precedentibus connexa, nigris. Corpus subtus

nitidum, punctatum, tibiis apice tarsisque fulvis.

Mexico.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVII.

Fig. 1. Doryphora trivittata.

Leptinotarsa signatipennis.

. Doryphora Batesei.

Doryphora mirabilis.

Elytrosphera vittata.

Doryphora Sheppardi.

Doryphora catenulata, var. A.

Doryphora subglobosa.

Cryptostetha marmorata, under surface, showing the mesosternum.

9a. Antenne of ditto.

9b. Maxillary palpi of ditto.

COEIO APY

Co 2gLee)

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XXVIII.

Illustrating Mr. S. S.Saunpers’s Memoir on the Habits of the Dipterous Genus

Conops.— Vol. 1V. p. 285—291.

Fig. 1,—Pompilus audax, Smith, of the natural size seen from above, the

fourth and following segments of the abdomen removed, showing

the extremity of the abdomen of the inclosed parasitic imago of the

Conops(a).

Fig. 2.—The three basal segments of the abdomen of the same Pompilus detached

and seen sideways,

Fig. 3.—The cavity of the abdomen of the same seen from behind, showing the

parasite lying, rather obliquely on its back, within the abdomen of

the victim.

Fig. 4.—Another specimen of the Pompilus seen from beneath ; the fourth and

following ventral segments of the abdomen removed, showing the two

rugose lobes at the extremity of the body of the larva of the Conops.

Fig. 5.—The second, third and fourth segments of the abdomen of another speci-

men of the Pompilus separated, showing the two lobes at the extremity

of the body of the puparium of the Conops in situ(a), and the head

and the legs of the Conops perfect (6), already disengaged within the

base of the abdomen of the Pompilus.

Fig. 6.—The larva of the Conops magnified.

Fig. 7, a, b, c—The anterior segments of the larva in different positions.

Fig. 8 —The puparium of the Conops magnified and seen sideways, and lying on

its side within the abdomen of the Pompilus.

Fig. 9.—The anterior part of the puparium,

Fig. 10.—The anal lobes of the puparium.

Fig. 11.—The puparium seen from above, with the head piece (11 a) detached,

and with the delicate white envelopes of the real pupa of the Conops

seen protruding from the aperture, the Conops itself having escaped.

Fig. 12.—The Conops dead, taken from the interior of the abdomen of the Pom-

pilus, with its wings unfolded.

Fig. 13.—The perfect Conops.

Fig. 14.—Odynerus (?) (p. 291), with the third and following segments of the

abdomen detached.

Fig. 15.—Two detached segments of the abdomen of the same (a, 5), showing a

portion of the puparium of the parasitic Conops (¢ and d), which

extends into the basal segments of the abdomen of the Odynerus, as

well as the two rugose anal lobes of the puparium of the Conops

at (e).

Fig. 16.—The immature Conops hatched from the Odynerus.

J. O. WESTWOOD.

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PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON,

1856.

February 4, 1856.

W. W. Savunners, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to

the respective donors: — ‘ Exotic Butterflies, Part 17; by W. W. Saunders, Esq.

‘Revue et Magasin de Zovlogie,’ 1855, Nos. 10 and 11; by the Editor, M. Guerin-

Méneville. ‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society, Vol. vii. No. 16; by the Society.

‘Entomologische Zeitung’ for December, 1855; ‘ Entomologische Zeitung, Sechs-

zebnter Jahrgang’ (1855); ‘ Linnea Entomologica, Vol. x.; by the Entomological

Society of Stettin. ‘ List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection

of the British Museum. Part vi.— Lepidoptera Heterocera’; by the Author, F.

Walker, Esq., F.L.S. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for January; by the

‘Editor. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for January; by the Editor. ‘The Atheneum’

for January; by the Editor. ‘The Zoologist’ for February ; by the Editor. ‘ Memo-

rias de la Real Academia de Ciencias de Madrid, Tomo ii. la Serie; ‘ Ciencias

_Exactas,’ Tomo i. Parte la.; The same, Tomo i. 3 Serie; ‘ Ciencias Naturales, Tomo

i. Parte 3; ‘Resumen de las Actas de la Academia Real de Ciencias de Madrid,

1852 a 1852; The same, 1852 4 1853; by the Royal Academy of Sciences of

Madrid. ‘Swammerdam’s Historia Insectorum Generalis,’ 4to; by John Curtis, Esq.

The President returned thanks for his election, and nominated as Vice-Presidents

for the year, Messrs. J. O. Westwood, G. R. Waterhouse, and Frederick Smith.

Election of Members.

A. H. Haliday, Esq., 23, Harcourt Street, Dublin, was balloted for and elected a

Member of the Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Samuel Stevens exhibited a splendid new Lamellicorn beetle, of the genus

Odontolabris, from Borneo.

Mr. Moore exhibited a number of cocoons of Megachile lanata, found in an old

buffalo’s horn from Northern India; one of these contained an immature parasite,

probably a Hedycrum.

Mr. Baly exhibited a specimen of the rare Cryptonychus porrectus, Gy/l.,

received from Old Calabar by Mr. Murray, being the only specimen known in

Britain; this species is extremely interesting, from the fact of being an American

form, though found in Africa.

Read the following note by Mr. Hewitson, dated the 28th of January :—

Sound produced by the Peacock Butterfly.

“ One morning about a fortnight ago, whilst dressing, I noticed something upon

the floor, which I took to be a dead leaf driven in by the wind, and was surprised when

I picked it up and placed it on the table, to find that it was a peacock butterfly

(Vanessa Io), They had been cleaning out my room and had driven it from its

winter quarters ; I had handled it rather roughly, which it resented, by spreading out —

its wings horizontally to their fullest extent and rubbing them rapidly together;

it produced a distinct sound like the friction of sand-paper: this it continued to —

repeat for some time and seemed greatly exasperated. It might be partly in my own

imagination, but its palpi, the position of its legs, every motion seemed to express

passion. I brought it down stairs and placed it on a table in the drawing-room, where

Mr. Westwood, who was with me at the time, heard the noise faintly, but we tried in

vain to excite it again to anger. .

“TJ intended to examine the base of the wings and try to ascertain the means by

which it produced the noise, which has never yet been done with the living insect, but

it stole away and hid itself so effectually as to elude our search.

“M. Lacordaire mentions a similar sound produced by butterflies of the genus

Ageronia, whilst on the wing, which he compares ‘a celui d’un parchemin trés see

quon froisserait entre les mains.’

“ The clicking noise mentioned by Mr. Darwin was produced by a butterfly of the

same genus. :

Mr. Douglas observed that the Rev. Joseph Greene had noticed a very similar cir-

cumstance in hybernating specimens of the same species, Vanessa Io, of whic

he communicated a note to this Society, and which is published in the ‘ Proceedings

for 1853, page 98. é

Mr. Baly thought the sound was produced by respiratory action, which, doubtles

is suspended during hybernation, and suddenly called into action on the insect bein

disturbed ; he considered it might be analogous to that produced by the first inspi-

rations of air by a newly born infant.

Mr. Newman read the two following notes :—

The Lost Spider.

““« The Rev. Revett Sheppard has often noticed in the fen ditches of Norfolk a very

large spider, which actually forms a raft for the purpose of obtaining its prey with

more facility. Keeping its station upon a ball of weeds about three inches in

diameter, probably held together by slight silken cords, it is wafted along the surface

of the water upon this floating island, which it quits the moment it sees a drowning

insect ; not, as you may suppose, for the sake of applying to it the process of the

Humane Society, but of hastening its exit by a more speedy engine of destruction.

The booty thus seized, it devours at leisure upon its raft, under which it retires when

alarmed by any danger.’ — Introduction to Entomology, i. 428, Edition of 1828.

There is good ground for giving implicit credence to the foregoing statement;

Mr. Sheppard was an acute entumologist, a careful observer, and a gentleman of

unquestionable veracity. It is therefore remarkable that this large spider should, eveu

at the present hour, remain unknown to arachnologists. I shall be greatly obliged to

any Norfolk entomologist who will seek it, and, if successful, send me specimens,

together with any additional notes on its interesting economy.”

The Silk Spider of St. Helena.

«The silk spider of St. Helena is very handsomely marked and banded: it spreads

its web in the warm valleys, and the fibres of its cocoon are so strung as readily to

admit of being spun: indeed, they might be used as a substitute for silk.’ — Loster’s

Voyage, i. 373. There is scarcely a statement in the volumes where this is extracted

but has been verified by subsequent writers. Can any entomologist give further par-

ticulars of this silk spider ?”

Mr. Newman read a paper entitled ‘ Characters of apparently undescribed Austra-

lian insects, collected at Moreton Bay by J. Gibbon, Esq., including the following

species of various orders,—Dvrcostoma Jansoni, Alaus Gibboni, Stenoderus quietus,

Euplea Lycophron, Pangonia Walkeri and Dasypogon Grantii.’

Mr. Stainton read a paper entitled ‘ How may the onward progress of the Study of

Entomology be best furthered ?’

Part 7, Vol. iii., n. s., of the Society’s ‘Transactions,’ recently published, was on

the table.

March 3, 1856.

W. Witson SaunveErs, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

donors :—‘ Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England, Vol. xvi. Part 2;

by the Society. ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London,’ Parts 18 to 22,

being for the years 1850 to 1853 and part of 1854; ‘ Reports of the Council and Au-

ditors of the Zoological Society of London,’ for the years 1852 to 1855; by the Society.

‘Proceedings of the Royal Society,’ Nos. 17 and 18; by the Society. ‘Revue et

Magasin de Zoologie, 1855, No. 12, and 1856, No. 1; by the Editor, M. Guérin-

Meéneville. ‘The Atheneum’ for February; by the Editor. ‘The Literary Gazette’

for February; by the Editor. ‘Journal of the Society of Arts’ for February ; by the

Society. ‘Insecta Saundersiana, Diptera, Part V.; presented by W. W. Saunders,

Esq. ‘The Zoologist’ for March; by the Editor. ‘Entomologische Zeitung, Nos.

1 and 2, January and February, 1856; by the Entomological Society of Stettin. ‘A

Manual of British Butterflies and Moths, by H. T. Stainton, No. 1; by the Author.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Stevens exhibited a specimen of Epischnia diversalis, a reputed British spe-

cies, taken in October, 1855, by Mr. Mitten, “ flying in a thin wood near Hurstpier-

point, Sussex.”

Mr. Stevens also exhibited a few very remarkable insects sent from Borneo by Mr.

Wallace. Mr. White took occasion to make some remarks upon these insects, and

urged the members to pay more attention to exotic Entomology.

The President exhibited a new Longicorn beetle from N. India, in which were

combined several anomalous characters, rendering its relationship very doubtful.

The President also exhibited an amphipod crustacean, from a well at Wandsworth.

Mr. Westwood identified it as Gammarus subterraneus, Leach, belonging to the blind —

genus Niphargus, Schiddte. Mr. Lubbock remarked that he had seen a similar ex- —

ample from a well near Bromley, which unfortunately was not preserved. He took |

this opportunity to mention that he would be glad to receive fresh-water Entomostraca —

from any part of the world. . |

Mr. Stainton exhibited a Lepidopterous larva, probably of an Ephestia, said to |

have been vomited by a gentleman. b

Mr. Hudson exhibited a Dorcus parallelipipedus and a living larva of the same —

species, dug out of an old ash tree at Coombe Hurst, Croydon.

The Rev. W. H. Hawker sent for exhibition a singularly pale variety of Arctia

Caja, bred at Horndean. :

Mr. Douglas exhibited living larve, probably of Ocnerostoma piniariella, feeding —

within the foliage of the Scotch fir. |

Mr. Walker exhibited a Necrophorus Vespillo and a cockchaffer, dug up last —

month, 3

Mr. Wollaston exhibited some of the Coleoptera captured by him last summer, at

Madeira. !

Acari and “ Fogging” of Daguerreotypes.

Mr. Tapping exhibited a drawing of an Acarus, of which many dead examples —

were found by Mr. Fedarb, of Dover, beneath the giass of a Daguerreotype ten years -

old; and as this picture was affected by what is technically termed “ fogging,” it had

been thought there might be some connection between Acari and this obscuration of

Daguerreotype pictures, a subject which had recently excited much attention,

Mr. White said this Acarus was very like, and probably identical with, Cheyletus

eruditus, the common paste mite; that its presence was due to paste having been

used in mounting the picture; and that the destruction of the Daguerreotype was in

no way referrible to the Acari.

It appeared, however, from the reading of a long correspondence between Mr. Fe-

darb and Mr. Tapping, that the picture was mounted in a tin tray, and that the plate

and glass were so tightly pressed together that the edge of a pen-knife could not be

inserted between them, that the whole was in a morocco case with silk lining, and

there was no paste, glue or cement used in the mounting.

Destruction of growing Corn by Dipterous Larve.

Mr. Westwood said the Society had received from Mr. Botting, of Poynings,

Hurstpierpoint, Sussex, some larve, accompanied by a letter stating that they existed

in the fields in that neighbourhood in vast numbers, destroying the growing corn to a

great extent, and enquiring how they might be exterminated. The larve appeared to

be those of a Tipula in a young state, and they would consequently continue to feed

for some months, so that there was little chance of any side shoots being left: but he

was unwilling to advise that the crop should be merely ploughed up, for as the larve

were so numerous they would not be much thinned by birds, and a second sowing

would have but a poor chance of succeeding. He had recently been consulted

respecting some corn crops destroyed by the larve of a Muscideous fly, probably

Oscinis vastator, and had advised his correspondent to have the ground turned up and

burnt, and he would recommend a similar course in the present instance.

Read the following note by Mr. Newman :—

On the Parturition of Dorthesia Characias.

“*The smallest contribution thankfully received.’ So says every true lover of

insect economy: it matters not a straw to him that some one says the subject has been

exhausted years and years ago; he still keeps on prying into Nature’s secrets, poking

his nose into holes and corners, noting with his own eyes and jotting down in his own

manner those little domestic scenes which are sure to reveal themselves to every one

who is master of that most simple, most commonplace, but most valuable accomplish-

ment ‘how to observe.’ Our Secretary gave me, one day last June, a lady specimen

of Dorthesia Characias: she was evidently in that interesting state in which it is said

‘all ladies wish to be who love their lords.’ She was confined in a pill-box, without

provender, and so was eventually starved to death. Dorthesia Characias—the lady, I

know nothing of the gentleman of that name which has been obligingly supplied by

Mr. Walker—looks for all the world like a little lump of the very purest and snowyest

wedding-cake sugar, cast in a mould that Bernini himself might have designed: the

moulds of Dorthesiz are always elegant, but always deliciously incomprehensible;

always cut in open defiance of those little check-strings and chains which entomolo-

gists have manufactured as a means of restraining the vagaries of Nature or of fet-

tering her to their systems: uot only is there no prothorax or mesothorax or metathorax,

but there is no thorax at all,—nothing but the little lump of immaculate frosted sugar

_ aforesaid, out of which grow two black antenne and six black legs ; and yet all is per-

fect symmetry, the neatest workmanship that can be imagined: one would think that

Nature, in her simplicity, had never heard of Leon Dufour or Audouin, De Haan or

Strauss-Durckheim, Orismology or Entomology, Comparative or Transcendental

Anatomy. Whit the frosted-sugar-like surface really is I cannot presume to say, but

it is thus arranged: first, there is a series of short ]amellations or foliations, which

commence close bebind the head and reach to the middle of the back ; and these,

considered as a whole, constitute a very respectable little larva, not much unlike the

larva of a glowworm when two or three days old: close at the end of this series of

scales is the anal aperture; and, as the series itself is only half as long as the insect,

it follows that this aperture is exactly in the middle of the back: on each side of the

first series of plates are four other plates, not touching each other, but placed at regular

distances; these are small, short and rounded, in fact almost semicircular: beyond

these again, on each side, are ten longer plates, symmetrically arranged; these are

soldered together with exquisite exactness, their sides curved, their ends rounded, and

each of their connecting sutures having a slightly altered angle, so that, although the

first suture is placed transversely to the mesial line of the body, the last is longitudi-

nal, and therefore parallel to the mesial line. These various scales or plates constitute

a sculptured oval shield of the most elegant design and finish; and, out of respect to

entomological usage, I would at once call it the thorax, but then the rest of the body

must be the abdomen, and thus the anal aperture, or more properly the external

opening of the oviduct, would be placed in the thorax, a situation indeed assigned to

it by the illustrious Newport in the case of Stylops, but otherwise unknown throughout

the insect world. Well! from beneath this shield, which we may compare to the body

of a lady’s dress, emerges an ample skirt, having fourteen plates, lamellations or folds,

long, longitudinal and parallel: this skirt is about as long as the body, and is entirely

posterior to the aforesaid opening of the oviduct. The under side of the insect is not

folded or lamellated, but is smooth, tumid, and gradually sloped off towards the end,

just like a ship’s bottom: it is perfectly undivided, exhibiting not the slightest indica-

tion of abdominal segmentation.

“‘ Now what [ am going to narrate may or may not be the economy of the genus,

or even of the species; it was the economy of this individual female: the lady may

have been crossed in love, like oysters, whose liability to the same misfortue was dis-

covered by Shakspere ; again, she may have remained permanently and pertinaciously

a spinster, like Diana, or like the entomologically-familiar Aphis-mother: in fact one

may speculate ad infinitum on causes,—I have only to deal with results. Certain it

is that parturition took place through the aperture in the middle of the back: out of

this the young ones sallied one after another, and ran about over their mother’s body,

just as I have seen rabbits issue from their burrow and course one another over the

frost-hardened surface of the snow: they looked exactly like little Acari, and, con-

trasted with their very quiet, sedate, and almost lethargic mother, were eminently

‘fast young men’ scampering over the body of their parent, clustering about her head

and performing all manner of gymnastic exercises on her antenne: indeed, greatly

to the credit of such restless beings, it must be allowed that, by all kinds of fondling,

they seemed determined to exhibit the most ardent filial affection; but this highly

demonstrative exhibition was not apparently returned by any maternal storgé, for

nothing could have been more stolid or apathetic than the demeanour of the mother

under all this fondling. However, the scene lasted but a short time: mother and

children were starved to death, and the latter were placed under the microscope. It

only remains to say a few words descriptive of the young, and first as to size and pro- —

portions. Measured longitudinally and transversely I found the body was ‘024 inch,

so that it was nearly a circular disk, presenting, however, a number of elevations, de-

pressions and irregularities, which possibly resulted from drying: the colour was

pitchy red, but attached to the dermal envelope, in various places, and without any

semblance of regularity, were a number of minute flattened bodies, perfectly white,

and having the appearance of little flakes of snow: these are so numerous as to give

the little creatures quite a dusty appearance: the legs are six; their attachment ap-

proximate; their length 035 of an inch, or equal to a diameter and a half of the

body: they consist of the four ordinary parts; a well-developed coxa, a femur, tibia

and tarsus, so equal in length that there was no discrepancy measurable by the mi-

crometer; the tarsus is exarticulate or composed of a single piece, and armed with a

single, terminal, slightly curved, and apparently immovable claw. This mononycous

character of the foot does not appear the very best for prehension, yet the prehensile

power of the legs is beyond all question, for the little ones crawled about their mother’s

body with the most perfect nonchalance, never tumbling, even by chance, from the

dizzy elevation of her antenna. Each of them had a head, which, however, was a

fixture, having no power of motion, but being closely anchylosed to the trunk, and its

presence only to be detected when viewed from above, by a line of demarcation ; below,

on the contrary, it bore a large, straight, and really formidable beak, which Savigny

would doubtless have resolved into the constituent parts of an ordinary insect-mouth,

but which I could make nothing more of than a beak: its very connexion with the

head seemed problematical, and yet I take that for granted; but as.a matter of

appearance, mind I am very particular not to say a matter of fact, this suctorial in-

strument seemed to come out of the stomach; indeed, supposing its office that of a

pump, for pumping out the sap, one might aptly call it a ‘stomach-pump.’ The head,

moreover, bore—and these were very evident personal property, whatever the pump

might be—two very conspicuous seven-jointed antenne, which gradually, almost im-

perceptibly, decreased in size from the base to the apex: the fourth, fifth and sixth

joints were each marked by a scarcely perceptible ring or indentation at half their

length, thus indicating the subcutical existence of three more joints, making ten in

all, the number which the mother actually possessed.” .

Mr. Westwood remarked that the female of the Dorthesia, so accurately described

by Mr. Newman, was figured by Burmeister in his ‘ Handbuch.’ With regard to the

snow-white covering of the insect, he had no doubt it was a modification of the waxy

secretion common to many of the Homoptera.

Mr. Waterhouse observed that the fine powder on the Coleopterous genus Lixus

had also been regarded as a waxy secretion.

Mr, Curtis communicated the following extracts from a letter addressed to him by

Dr. Maclean, of Colchester :—

Economy of Gonepteryx Rhamni.

‘* Gonepteryx Rhamni assumes its perfect state in the end of July or beginning of

August. I have bred numbers of them. In a fortnight or month, according to the

state of the weather, they become very fat, containing within them also a large bag of

honey, and in a short time afterwards but very few are to be seen. For several seasons

in succession I imprisoned some of these fat specimens, and placed them in a northern

aspect in cases of wood and earthenware, in which I placed rough pieces of old de-

eayed bark of trees, &c. Several specimens lived through the winter: they appeared

to be dead during cold weather, but after being in a warm room for an hour or much

less I believe, they began to crawl about and expand the wings. If fine, that is very

mild, weather sets in for a few days during the winter months these insects become

quite active, endeavouring to escape from their prison. Who has not occasionally

seen a specimen either in November, December or Jannary? The female places her

eggs on the buds of Rhamnus Frangula, just before they begin to expand, in the

spring of the year. The larva is full grown by the beginning of July, and when not

feeding rests on the midrib of the leaf, which is first covered with delicate shining

silk. Old worn specimens of the perfect insect may be seen occasionally as late as

the end of June.”

Economy of Bryophila perla.

““T discovered a larva in tolerable abundance last spring, feeding on minute

lichens, on our old walls, which turned out to be that of a beautiful little moth, Bryo-

phila perla. The economy is singular. It lives in a tent during the day, and comes

out to feed at night and on wet and dull afternoons. It has a room at the back of its

tent also, in which it ultimately turns to a chrysalis.”

Longevity of a small Lepidopterous Larva.

** About three or four years ago I found some very minute larve in silken cocoons,

amongst some bran and old paper, ia which I kept meal-worms. One of these larve

lived in a glass phial for three years, as nearly as I can guess, having attached its co-

coon to the bottom of the phial, so that I could see the creature from without. The

cocoon was composed of silk, bran and paper, and fresh bran was occasionally put into

the phial.”

The name of the moth produced from this larva was not mentioned.

Memoirs read.

Mr. Pascoe read some descriptions of new genera and species of Longicorn beetles

from Borneo, Malacca and China.

Mr. White read a description of a new Longicorn beetle, brought from Ceram

by Madame Pfeiffer.

Mr. Westwood read a description of Thaumantis Aliris, a splendid new species of

Morphide, from Borneo.

Mr. Baly read descriptions of two species of Pseudomela, a new genus of Chrysv-

melide.

April 7, 1856.

W. Wizson Saunvers, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

donors:—‘ Entomologische Zeitung, Nos. 3 and 4, for March and April, 1856; by

the Entomological Society of Stettin. ‘A Manual of British Butterflies and Moths,’

by H. T. Stainton, No. 2; by the Author. ‘The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelli-

gencer, No. 1; by the Editor. ‘Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society,’

Vol. i. No. 1; by the Society. ‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society,’ Vol. viii. No. 19;

by the Society. ‘The Natural History Review, No. IX.; by the Dublin University

Zoological Association. ‘The World of Insects: a Guide to its Wonders, by J. W.

Douglas; by the Author. ‘The Zoologist’ for April; by the Editor. ‘The Journal

of the Society of Arts’ for March; by the Editor. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for

March ; by the Editor. ‘The Atheneum’ for March; by the Editor. ‘ Papers and

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Van Diemen’s Land;’ ‘ Tasmanian Contribu-

tions to the Universal Exhibition of Industry at Paris ;’ by the Royal Society of Van

Diemen’s Land. Fifty copies of ‘An Address delivered at the Anniversary Meeting

of the Entomological Society of London, held on the 28th of January, 1856, by

Edward Newman, Mem. L. C. Acad. (nom. Latreille), F.L.S., Z.S., &c.; by the

Author. A small box of remarkable Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, &c., from Ceylon,

received from Mr. Thwaites, M.E.S.; by W. Spence, Esq.

Prize Essay for 1856.

The President announced that the Council had determined to offer a prize of £5,

for an Essay on the Natural History of Gelechia terrella, and whether this common

little moth was injurious to Agriculture or not. The Essay to be illustrated by figures

of the insect in all its stages, and to be delivered on or before the 31st of December

next.

Exhibitions.

Mr. A. F. Sheppard exhibited a specimen of Ennomos Alniaria, taken sitting on

a post, near Margate, in September, 1855. This is the third specimen of this species

known to have been captured in Britain.

The Nuisance of Acari.

Mr. Westwood read a note, addressed by a lady residing at Lyme Regis to Dr.

John Lee, of Hartwell House, Aylesbury, and communicated by that gentleman,

giving an account of the appearance in the writer’s house of a vast quantity of Acari.

They proceeded, in the first instance, from some Egyptian palm-leaves which were

shut up in a dark closet, whence they spread through three rooms, and were seen in

thousands in crevices of wood, on chairs, tables, books, paintings and cabinets of

shells, so that they became a complete nuisance. Cold had no effect on them; and

tobacco, turpentine, colocynth and Sir W. Burnett’s disinfecting fluid had been tried

as remedies, with but little effect. Sulphur and nitre had been more efficacious; but

in consequence of their use the polish of the furniture and shells had been destroyed,

and the colours of the paintings had been damaged.

Mr. Westwood thought the palm-leaves had probably been affected by Ptini or

- Anobia, whose excrement and the débris made by them had afforded a nidus for the

Acari, in which they were for some time unmolested. He suggested as a cure the

employment of corrosive sublimate in solution ; but several members said that, how-

ever fatal this preparation of mercury was to insect life, it was also destructive to any

metals with which it came in contact, as proved by the rotten state of the pins in

insects and the wires in bird-skins which had been dressed with it, and a white film

was deposited on the surface of anything to which it was applied.

The President said a case had come under his notice in which cockroaches had

been destroyed in a drawing-room, under the floor of which they had taken up their

quarters, by the use of chloride of lime; and he thought it possible this preparation

might be of service in the case now under consideration.

Read the following note by Mr. Newman :—

On the Genus Synemon.

“There is searcely a genus of Lepidoptera more interesting than the Australian

Synemon. With the general habit and abruptly clavate antenne of a butterfly, it

has other very important characters of a moth; and it will be fresh in the recollection

of our Lepidopterists that our never-to-be-forgotten and most talented Secretary,

Edward Doubleday,* wrote quite an Essay to show that it was a moth and not a but-

terfly. Well! I have gleaned a few more grains of information about Synemon from

Mr. Oxley, who constantly saw it and often took it at the diggings. It is strictly di-

urnal, flitting about in the hot sunshine, among the tufts of grass and low scrub, with

all the restless activity of a skipper: when it settles it rests fur a minute with deflexed

wings, but with the fore wings spread out nearly at right angles with the body, so as

to display the more gaily-coloured hind wings. At night and in cloudy weather it

rests on blades of grass, with the wings erect, meeting vertically over the back. Thus,

in the combination of characters, these antipodeans unconsciously annihilate the dis-

tinction between butterflies and moths, between Rhopalocera and Heterocera: the

gradations from Hesperia to Synemon, from Synemon to Castnia, from Castnia to

Sphinx, and so on to the normal Heterocera, are easy and natural, and seem to bridge

over the gulf which formerly existed in our minds between butterflies and moths.”

Specimens of two species were exhibited in illustration.

New Genera of Coleoptera.

Mr. Westwood read descriptions of two beetles especially remarkable for the lateral

dilation of the head, a character of great rarity in insects. They would constitute

new genera, and he described them under the names of Enotiophorus vestitus and

Triplacodes Guineensis, the former from Ceylon, the latter from Guinea.

Mr. Stevens communicated the following note from Mr. H. W. Bates, Corr.

M.E.S.:— 5

On the Sexual Distinctions in the South-American Coleopterous Genus Agra.

“ Lately I captured a pair, in copula, of a species of the genus Agra, and profited

by the fortunate circumstance to examine if there were any external differences between

the sexes. I found several characters very strongly marked, in fact so obvious that I

think it scarcely possible they have escaped the notice of entomologists to the present

time. The chief distinction is the pubescence of the under surface of the body in

the male. Examining afterwards other species, with this guide, I have paired satis-

factorily five or six. The amount of pubescence varies according to the species:

whilst in one the central parts of the metasternum and all the abdominal segments

* See Appendix, by Edward Doubleday, to Lort’s Discov. Austral i. 516.

aa i

are densely clothed with a thick woolly pile, in others the metasternum and basal seg-

ment of the abdomen only has a thick short erect pubescence. The other characters

are less obvious, and chiefly comparative: one is the great thickness of the femora,

especially the anterior, in the male; this character, however, is marked only in part of

the species: another is the relative length of the apical abdominal segment, and the

shape of the notch in its posterior edge. In the male this segment is shorter than in the

female ; the notch is deeper and more rounded ; in the female it is always shallow and

angular. The last character appears in those species in which each elytron is doubly

sinuate at the apex: when this is the case the sinuation is stronger in the female, the

central tooth being much more prominent than in the male. In one species I have

noticed the male has only a single sinuation, whilst the female is doubly sinuate-

truncate at the apex of each elytron.”

Society's ‘ Transactions,

Part 8, completing Vol. iii. v. s. of the ‘ Transactions, was on the table.

May 5, 1856.

W. W. SaunpbeErs, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

donors:—‘ Insecta Britannica,’ Diptera, Vol. iii.; by Francis Walker, F.L.S.; pre-

sented by the publisher, Lovell Reeve, Esq. The ‘ Natural History Review, No. 9;

by the Dublin University Zoological Association. ‘Revue et Magasin de Zoologie,’

1856, Nos. 2 and 3; by the Editor, Monsieur F. E. Guérin-Méneville. Hewitson’s

‘Exotic Butterflies,’ Part 18; by W. W. Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., &c. The ‘ Literary

Gazette’ for April; by the Editor. The ‘ Atheneum’ for April; by the Editor. The

‘Journal of the Society of Arts’ for April; by the Society of Arts. The ‘ Zoologist’

for May; by the Editor. The ‘ Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer, Nos. 2, 3, 4

and 5; by the Editor, H. T. Stainton, Esy. ‘A Manual of British Butterflies and

Moths, No. 3; by the Author, H. T. Stainton, Esq. Four specimens of Acidalia de-

generaria, and four specimens of Heliothis dipsacea ; by O. Pickard-Cambridge, Esq.

Election of Members.

Edward Armitage, Esq., 4, Grove End Road, St. John’s Wood, was balloted for,

and elected a Member of the Society.

The President stated that the Entomological Society of France had elected Mr.

John Curtis one of its Honorary Members; he felt that this recognition of the valu-

able entomological labours of our late President would be as gratifying to the Society

as to Mr. Curtis himself.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Janson exhibited three specimens of a Histerideous beetle, hitherto unnoticed

as British, Heterius quadratus, Kug., Eric., which he had captured in the society of

ants at Hampstead, a single individual, on the 21st of April, 1848, in a nest of For-

mica flava, since which period he had assiduously searched for it every year, but un-

successfully: on the 4th inst., however, he again met with two examples beneath a

stone in the company of Formica fusca: he remarked that this insect, which was of

great rarity on the Continent, appeared to be truly Myrmecophilous, and he called the

attention of the meeting to the great similarity of form which exists between it and

the anomalous genus Thorictus, likewise ants’-nest insects, and of which four species

were in the box; this resemblance he observed appeared, however, to be rather one of

analogy than of real affinity. Mr, Janson added that his mode of obtaining these

ants’-nest insects was by placing large stones or bricks in the vicinity of the nests, and

carefully examining their under surfaces from time to time.

Mr. 8. Stevens exhibited a fine male specimen of Petasia nubeculosa recently taken

by Mr. Foxcroft in Perthshire, and a remarkably fine specimen of Aleucis pictaria,

which he had lately taken on Dartford Heath; also Pentaplatarthrus Natalensis, male

and female, sent by Mr. R. W. Plant from Natal, and observed that these specimens

were extremely interesting, from the fact that the sexes of the Pausside were not pre-

viously known ; he also exhibited several pairs of a singular Brenthus, described by Mr.

Westwood in the fifth volume of the ‘Transactions’ of the Society, p. 206, under the

name of Taphroderes distortus, and figured on the 22nd Plate of that volume, the left

mandible of the male being much larger than the right, and singularly distorted.

Captain Cox exhibited a very large specimen of Acherontia Atropos taken in the

Hospital at Scutari; also some drawings of the larve of British Lepidoptera, beauti-

fully executed by Mrs. Cox: he expressed his intention, on the series becoming

more complete, of making arrangements for their publication.

Mr. Bond exhibited specimens of the case-bearing larva of Coleophora Wockeella,

found on Betonica officinalis, in a wood near Canterbury: only five British specimens

of this species have hitherto been detected, all found by Mr. Weir near Pembury.

Mr. Stainton exhibited, on behalf of Mr. John Scott, a specimen of Elachista

Teniatella, (Zeller), a new British species bred from a larva found last autumn in the

leaves of Brachypodium sylvaticum; he also exhibited a most beautifully executed

engraving of Lithocolletis tenella, engraved on steel by Mr. Edward Robinson.

Mr. Newman communicated the following :—

Note on Hemerobius variegatus.

I am indebted to Mr. Dorville for the opportunity of offering to the notice of the

Society a singular instance of deviation from normal economy in a very familiar genus

of insects: he found the pupa shell of Abraxas Grossularia filled with a beautifully

white silken cocoon, which he very logically supposed that of a parasite which had

destroyed the pupa; but lo! and behold! when the tenant, and indeed the artificer, of

the delicate fabric burst its sere-clothes and emerged as an imago, it proved to be a

specimen of Hemerobius variegatus, an insect in which parasitic propensities are utterly

unknown. The inference is that the larva of the Hemerobius simply availed itself of

the cavernous recesses of the exuvie of the currant-moth as a cosey corner in which

to spin its web and undergo its metamorphosis.

Mr. John Curtis communicated the following notes, by Dr. Maclean, of Col-

chester, dated Ist May, 1856 :—

Economy of Gonepteryx Rhamni.

“On Friday last the bright sunshine tempted me to the woods in search of the eggs

of G. Rhamni, and not without success, you will say, when I tell you I have above a

score of eggs of this insect in my possession: it is my intention to acquire the most

intimate acquaintance with the economy of this Papilio. Ihave no doubt respecting the

following account: the eggs are laid in succession from the middle of April to the end

of June, but the larger portion during the months of April and May ; the larva may

be found during the whole of the months of May, June and July: a fine specimen of

the perfect insect appears at the end of July, but the greater number during the month

of August, then (or many of them at least) live till the following spring, and deposit

their eggs on the buds and terminal shoots of Rhamnus frangula, so that it is clear the

perfect insect occasionally lives a twelve-month ; the females have at the present time

well developed eggs within them.”

Memoirs read,

Mr. Douglas read a paper, by Mr. Adam White, entitled “ Descriptions of an ap-

parently Nondescript Species of Necrodes, from Borneo, with brief descriptions of three

other species from Northern China and India.”

Mr. Smith read a paper entitled “ Observations on the Difficulties attending the

discrimination of the Species of the Genus Stylops,” in which he stated that all parts

of the body of the male Stylops are of so soft and delicate a nature, that in a few hours

after death the entire appearance of the insect is changed, becoming a mere shrivelled

mass, and in consequence nearly all the published figures of these insects, having been

drawn from cabinet specimens, are mere “ miserable caricatures:” he expressed his

opinion that it may hereafter appear that we have but one species of Stylops in this

country.

Mr. Westwood thought Mr. Smith’s strictures on the published figures of Stylops

rather too severe; he might at least have made an exception in favour of his (Mr.

Westwood’s) figures of Stylops Spencei in the third volume of the ‘ Transactions,’ which

were drawn from the living insect.

Mr. Douglas read from Guerin’s ‘ Revue de Zoologie,’ for December last, the fol-

lowing part of a communication made to the Editor by Dr. Richard :—

Epeira Senegalensis.

“The spiders upon which I experimented were taken on a Baobab tree placed in

the courts of Gorée, where there was a deal of noise: their number on the tree is such

that they are seen from afar when the tree is stripped of its leaves; they appear to live

by preference near inhabited places, either, as I have reason to believe, because they

like noise, or, more probably, they are kept near to man by the abundance of the in-

sects on which they prey, and which are attracted by the débris of human aliments :

moreover, it is an extraordinary fact that they persist in remaining upon this Baobab,

notwithstanding they may be constantly disturbed by the blacks who collect its leaves

(aloo) for couscous.* This spider neither stings nor bites: it is only when pressed by

hunger that it is disposed to take the flies that are given to it; it swallows them body

and wings entire ; one of those that I reared swallowed three of them consecutively in

less than five minutes, (it had been starved several times): it required some time to

teach them to take the living flies that I presented to them on the end of a cleft stick,

and to acquire the dexterity of disengaging them without breaking: when at liberty

they rush upon the flies caught in their nets, and if they are eatable they carry them

to one part of their web where they unite together in enlacing them with their threads.

I have made some experiments upon the limit of fasting among these creatures, in

order to see if I might hope to transmit them alive to France. Contrary to my ex-

pectation, and to the habits of hunting animals, the spiders experimented upon were

unable to seize a fly after the fourth day: one of them was put upon the balcony of

the house I live in, but its weakness was so great that it could no longer use its feet ;

thus I left it, hanging by one of its hinder feet: I do not know if it found upon its

thread a prey more appropriate to its feeble state than flies, but it recovered and spun

its web at the place in which I had put it. I followed with interest the fabrication of

this web; I saw that at first the silk was more viscid, dried less readily, was conse-

quently more liable to be soiled, and was lighter coloured than the silk spun at a later

period. I studied their movements in order to endeavour to discover in the secret of

the web the means of winding off the thread: the large size of the silk, and a ray of

‘the sun, permitted me to follow at a distance this interesting work, but the spider

became lost to view when it passed behind the pillars of the balcony, and these inter-

ruptions overcame my patience. I learned, however, that it always rests on the same

side of the web, and that the latter is composed of two parallel cables formed of several

threads (eight or ten), not adhering to each other: these cables serve as a support to a

light net-work, as in the web of our river spiders. I remarked that in its work the

spider uses its hinder feet in the same manner that the thread-maker and spinner use

their fingers; it draws them alternately over the thread which it makes, in order to

give it regularity, whilst its fore feet serve to move its body upon the threads already

dry. The cocoon was made in a very few days in the month of August: looking at it

in the month of January I found two very little spiders, which had very large bodies,

and very short and slender feet. I think that it would not be difficult tov transport

these spiders in such condition that it would be possible to wind off their silk ; but

even when this result could not be attained absolutely, or within such limits of cost

as industrial application admits, it is probable that commerce could use profitably a

substance so resistant as this silk, spun like waste silk, and to obtain which all the

labour required at the places of its production consists in a simple gathering unat-

tended with danger. Industry, maritime especially, requires a thread which has the

qualities of silk, great tenacity within a small compass, less alterable by atmospheric

* The leaves of the Baobab are emollient, as in the greater part of the Malvaceae,

to which Order this king of vegetables belongs: they are used in medicine under the

name of aloo, and the blacks make use of them in the preparation of couscous, to

which they add a certain got, and especially the property of gliding more avers i

setting their mucilage at liberty.

;

agencies and humidity than vegetable cords, and of which the price would not exceed

the requirements of its utility. The spider’s silk can be used to supply this want, in-

asmuch as all hot countries would very soon furnish an important quantity of the rough

produce for the requirements of this new industry. We should remember, in this ex-

pectation, the predilection of the spider for inhabited places, and its harmlessness to the

trees where it establishes itself. Besides, its enemies, the musquitoes and flies, are also

ours, and it is in order to free us from them that it loves to be in our neighbourhood,

which is shunned by other animals in a state of nature. This consideration is not so tri-

fling as might be thought: the spiders distributed among the ornamental trees that sur-

round habitations would do much to abate this nuisance in hot and moist countries.

M. Margain put a spider upon a young Baobab in his court-yard, and he could tell you

the result of this experiment. The silk of the cocoon, by its durability and the bright-

ness of its pale colour, might be employed in fabricating peculiar ornamental stuff,

which would be difficult to imitate: the winding off would not be difficult, since the

smallness of the meshes of the net-work that it forms is opposed to that in which the

spider has been able to entangle its threads in passing to the centre. If the Epeira is

reared in sight of the cocoon it will compensate for the drawbacks of a small yield, the

space occupied, and the special difficulties of winding, by the beauty of the produce,

the quickness of realisation (three or four days), and the absence of care and food

during the continuance of the work. The silk of the spider of Gabon excels that of

Senegal by the beauty of its deeper colour and by its elasticity, which are in harmony

with the frequency and force of the rains of the country. I steeped a piece of the

sample I collected in a concentrated solution of azotic acid, without the consistency

or the colour being altered: I have not found this spider in society, but it is in the

neighbourhood of man, in the garden of M. Reston, an American Missionary, at

Bakelé, that I gathered the sample in question.”

June 2, 1856.

W. Witson Saunpers, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

- donors :—‘ An Introduction to Entomology, or Elements of the Natural History of

Insects, by the Rev. William Kirby, M.A., F.R.S., &c., and William Spence, Esq.,

F.R.S., &c., 7th edition; presented by W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., &e. ‘On

_the Variation of Species with especial reference to the Insecta, followed by an Inquiry

into the Nature of Genera,’ by T. Vernon Wollaston, M.A., F.L.S.; by the Author.

*A Natural History of the Animal Kingdom, being a Systematic and Popular Descrip-

tion of the Habits, Structure and Classification of Animals,’ by W. 8. Dallas, Esq.,

F.LS., &e.; by the Author. ‘ Third Report of the Commissioners for the Exhibition

of 1851;’ by Her Majesty's Commissioners. ‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society,’

Vol. viii. No. 20; by the Suciety. ‘Revue et Magasin de Zoologie,’ 1856, No. 4;

;

by the Editor, M. Guérin-Méneville. ‘The Zoologist’ for June; by the Editor.

‘The Journal of the Society of Aris’ for May; by the Society. ‘The Literary Ga-

zette’ for May; by the Editor. ‘ Entomologiska Anteckningar under en Resa i

Soédra Soerige ar 1854, af Ang. Emil Holmaren; by the Author. ‘The Entomolo-

gist’s Weekly Intelligencer, Nos. 6,7, 8 and 9; by the Editor, H. T. Stainton, Esq.

‘A Manual of British Butterflies and Moths, No. 4, by H. T. Stainton; by the

Author. ‘ List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the

British Museum, Part VII. Lepidoptera Heterocera ; by the Author, Francis Walker,

Esq., F.LS.

Resignation of Officers.

The President announced that in consequence of the resignation of Mr. Pascoe,

as a member of the Council of the Society, and of Mr. Douglas, of the office of Se-

cretary, the Council, in conformity with the By-laws, recommended Mr. Janson to fill

both vacancies, and that the ordinary meeting in July next would be made special for

the purposes of the election.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Bond exhibited a specimen of Biston hirtarius, having the wings and abdomen

of the female, but the antenne were both deeply pectinated, that on the right side as

much so as in the male insect: this singular monstrosity was taken by Mr. Mitford in

the Regent’s Park, in April last.

Mr. 8. Stevens exhibited recently hatched larve of Petasia nubeculosa, Notodonta

carmelita and N. dicteoides, the first-named species from eggs sent from Perthshire

by Mr. Foxcroft, the others from eggs laid by specimens taken by Mr. Stevens at

Addington Park during the past month.

Mr. S. Stevens also exhibited a box of insects lately sent home by Mr. Bates from

Ega, Upper Amazons, containing, amongst other fine species, Papilio Pausanias, Cal-

lithea Batesii and Hetera Andromeda, also Megacephala Klugii and Megacephala

n. s., together with a remarkable species of Cicada.

Mr. Douglas exhibited Cryptocephalus Coryli, taken at West Wickham Wood,

May 29th; also Lebia Crux-minor, taken by Mr. Hemmings at Holme Bush, near —

Brighton, May 25th; Endumychus coccineus, taken from a dead beech tree, by Mr. —

G. Harding, at Stapleton, near Bristol; and Platyrhinus latirostris and Biphyllus lu- |

natus, from Fungi at the same place.

Mr. Douglas also exhibited the case-bearing larva of an apparently new species of

Coleophora, found by Mr. Wailes, of Newcastle, feeding on Genista anglica.

Mr. F. Smith exhibited Platyrhinus latirostris, received from Mr. Foxcroft, in

Perthshire, where it appeared to have been met with in abundance.

Mr. Westwood wished the Fungi in which this species was found to be examined —

for the larva, which is yet unknown.

Mr. Smith also read an extract from a letter received by him from a correspondent —

at Bristol, who stated that a London collector had recently taken five new species of

bees in that neighbourhood, which he had sold for £1 each.

Mr. S. Stevens stated that he took a singular larva on Statice Limonium, at Sheer-

ness, two years ago, which produced Agdistes Bennettii, Curt. On the 25th ult. he

found four more nearly full-fed larve at the same place, and read the following descrip-

tion of the larva and pupa, of which he also exhibited a drawing :—

“ Larva green, with two sharp projections on the head and one on the tail, of a

pink colour. Feeds on Statice Limonium on the coast, and changes to pupa in May.

“ Pupa of a dull lead-colour, attached to the plant; changes to imago in about

three weeks.”

Captain Cox stated that some time since he found a pupa, apparently of Smerin-

thus Tiliz, in a cocoon formed of silk and particles uf wood, under the loose bark of

a plane tree, at a distance of about eight feet from the ground: from the fact of the

pupa-case being much smoother than usual, and the above-mentioned singular devia-

tion from the normal economy of this species, he had some doubts as to its identity

until the perfect insect emerged.

Mr. Armitage exhibited a box of Coleoptera which he had recently taken in the

South of France, containing, amongst other interesting species, Bolbocerus Gallicus

and Callicnemis Latreillei.

The President exhibited some drawings of larve and pupe of Lepidoptera, made

in Natal by Mr. Plant, from which he had prepared Plates for publication in the

‘ Transactions: of one, a fine new species of Libesia, he read a description.

Mr. Adam White communicated descriptions of some apparently undescribed spe-

cies of Homoptera, from Borneo and Celebes, with drawings of the insects.

Mr. Westwood read some notes on the wing-veins of insects, in which he opposed

the views maintained by Mr. Newman on this subject in his paper read before the

Society at the June meeting last year.

Some discussion took place on the subject, in which Captain Cox, Messrs. Water-

house, Baly and others took part.

Field Excursion.

The President expressed his intention to invite the members of the Society toa

field excursion at Reigate, during the present month.

July 7, 1856.

Special General Meeting.—W. Witson SaunveErs, Esq., President, in the chair.

The meeting was made special pursuant to notice for the election of a Secretary

and one member of Council, in consequence of the resignations of Messrs. Douglas

and Pascoe.

Mr. E. W. Janson was elected to both offices.

Dr. J. E. Gray moved a vote of thanks to Mr. Douglas, the retiring Secretary,

whose able discharge of the duties, during the seven years he had filled the office, he

was sure every one would acknowledge.

The motion was seconded by Mr. Westwood, and carried unanimously.

Ordinary General Meeting.—The minutes of the last meeting having been read

and confirmed,

Mr. Douglas feared he was rather out of order in rising at that time to address the

meeting ; but the cause of his doing so was not an ordinary one. On the occasion of

the Society’s excursion to Reigate, on the 21st ult., the members had been most hos-

pitably entertained by the President at the ‘Swan’ hotel. He much regretted that

business engagements had prevented him from being present; but had heard from

more fortunate persons that they never spent a more pleasant day. He thought,

therefore, the present was a fitting opportunity for proposing a vote of thanks to the

President for his liberality on this and all other occasions.

Dr. Gray, as one of those present on the occasion alluded to, most cordially

seconded this motion, which was submitted to the meeting by Mr. Douglas, and car-

ried by acclamation.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

donors :—‘ Die im Bernstein befindlichen organischen Reste der Vorwelt gesammelt

in Verbindung mit Mehreren bearbeitet und herausgegeben von Dr. Georg Carl Be-

rendt, Erster Band, Erste & Zweite Abtheilungen, Zweiter Band, Erste Abtheilung ;

presented by Madame Berendt. ‘Abhandlungen der Mathemat. Physikalischen

Classe der Koeniglich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften,’ Vol. xvii. Part 3 ;

‘Dr. F. B. W. von Hermann, Ueber die Gliederung der Bevélkerung des Konigreichs

Bayern; ‘ Denkrede auf die Akademiker Dr. Thaddaus Siber und Dr. Georg Simon

Ohm ; ‘ Almanach der Koniglich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften fir das

Jahr, 1855;’ presented by the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences. Hewitson’s

‘Exotic Butterflies,’ Part 19 ; by W. W. Saunders, Esq. ‘ Journal of the Proceedings

of the Linnean Society,’ No. 2; by the Society. ‘Jubilé Semi-Seculaire de la Société

Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou le 28 Decembre, 1855; by the Society. ‘Ge-

nera des Coléoptéres, Tome iii.; by the Author, M. Th. Lacordaire. ‘Revue et Ma-

gasin de Zoologie, 1856, No.5; by the Editor, Monsieur F. E. Guérin-Méneville.

The ‘ Zoologist’ for July ; by the Editor. The ‘Journal of the Society of Arts’ for

June; by the Society. The ‘ Literary Gazette’ for June; by the Editor. The

‘Atheneum’ for June; by the Editor. ‘A Catalogue of British Ichneumonide in

the Collection of the British Museum,’ by Thomas Desvignes; by the Author. ‘A

Manual of British Butterflies and Moths, No.5; by the Author, H. T. Stainton,

Esq. The ‘ Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer, Nos. 10—14; by the Editor.

‘ Entomologische Zeitung,’ 1856, Nos, 5 and 6; by the Entomological Society of Stet-

tin. An engraving on steel of Lithocolletis tenella; by Edward Robinson, Esq.

Mr. Westwood read a translation of Madame Berendt’s letter accompanying the

donation of her late husband’s ‘ Organischen Reste in Bernstein,’ which stated that on

Berendt at his decease, in which the greater part of the original specimens figured

and described in the work are contained. He observed that such a collection was

extremely interesting, from the fact that while in very few instances fossil insects

could be decyphered in all their parts so as satisfactorily to determine their structure

and relations, these amber insects, being enclosed in a transparent substance, are quite

Pee pee

~S eZ

visible and easily examined. Supposing the collection to have been formed from spe-

cimens of amber collected on the shores of the Baltic (the chief source of supply for

this material), it would show that the climate of Prussia had undergone many changes;

for it contained a great number of forms quite analogous or even identical with exist-

ing European groups, intermingled with others of a tropical character, and others,

again, quite distinct, especially among the Neuroptera, where so many gaps in the

natural series exist in the known forms. The volume published contained the plants,

Aptera of Linnzus, Hemiptera and Neuroptera, the latter very carefully worked out

by Dr. Hagen; the Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera remaining to

be treated upon in the fourth volume, now in course of publication. As the collection

was eventually intended for sale, he trusted that it would be secured for the British

Museum, and supposed it would be regarded as an appendage to the zoological rather

than to the palzontological collection.

Dr. Gray did not wish to detract from the merit of the elaborate work on the table,

but considered great caution was necessary in the investigation of these organic

remains in amber, as a large portion of the article sold for Baltic amber was in fact

gum animé, and brought from Africa ; and instanced many frauds practised by dealers

in specimens on the Continent. He imagined there could be no doubt that a col-

lection of this kind was a zoological one, and not paleontological.

Election of a Member.

The Rev. G. W. Braikenridge, of Broomvill Huuse, Brislington, near Bristol, was

balloted for and elected a Member of the Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Douglas exhibited bred specimens of Lamprosetia Verhuellella and Buccula-

trix maritima, from Mr. Hemmings, of Brighton; also specimens of Laverna Rasch-

kiella and L. conturbatella, two species of Tinew, hitherto unrecorded as British, both

taken at Box Hill, by Mr. F. O. Standish.

Mr. Foxcroft sent for exhibition some Coleoptera taken in Perthshire, including a

single example of Dendrophagus crenatus, Payk.; and some living specimens of

Chrysomela cerealis from Wales.

The President observed that C. cerealis appeared to be plentiful in Wales this

season. Mr. Brewer had shown him a great number recently taken there.

Mr. Stevens exhibited a living specimen of Lebia crux-minor, taken by himself

near Brighton; Adgestes Bennettii, bred from the larva described at the last meeting;

and a pair of Heterogenea Asellus, lately taken in the New Forest.

Mr. Stevens also exhibited larve of Petasia nubeculosa and Notodonta Carmelita,

nearly full-fed, being the same as he exhibited at the last meeting, then a few days

old; and a box of beautiful Lepidoptera, taken by Mr. Bates at Ega, containing Pa-

pilio Bolivar and some fine species of Charaxes, Leptalis, &c.

Mr. A. F. Sheppard exhibited Gastropacha Ilicifolia from Cannoch Chase, and

specimens of Laverna Raschkiella and L. conturbatella from Box Hill.

Mr. Adam White exhibited a box of insects, of various orders, taken by Mr.

Bowring at Hong-Kong, Siam, &c., including a new species of Monohammus, of a fine

bluish green colour, with black spots, for which Mr. White proposed the name of M.

Bowringii; also a new butterfly, of the singular genus Cyrestis, from Siam, and some

curious spiders from Java, &c.

Mr. Bowring exhibited the larva of a Chinese Elater, and the pupa-cases of Sagra

femorata, apparently formed of excrement. He made the following communication

respecting the Sagra and the Monohammus :—

* The pupa-cases of Sagra, now exhibited, were discovered by Lieut.-Col. Dunlop,

R.A., in the interior of the stem of a large climbing species of Ipomeza, which trails

over a fine row of bamboos in the rear of Head-Quarters House. In clearing away the

creeper he observed that the stein was considerably thickened in some places; and on

cutting open the swellings the pup were found. The larva I have not yet met with;

but, being now acquainted with the habitat of the insect, I have little doubt of falling

in with it on my return to China.

“The beautiful species of Monohammus, to which Mr. White has called the

attention of the members present, is found upon a species of vak not uncommon in

Hong-Kong; but the species is by no means of frequent occurrence. I first met with

it in 1848, since which time, until the spring of the present year, I have found it only

during one season. On each occasion the appearance of the insect was limited to a

few days, and every specimen captured was taken on the oak already mentioned.

“ During the summer of 1855 Agestrata chinensis appeared in considerable abun-

dance in the Happy Valley, Hong-Kong, flying in the evening about the tops of some

large mango trees, and, from its great size, having more the appearance of a bat than

an insect. In the mornings I not unfrequently found the beetle hanging on the under

side of the leaves of the mango.”

Mr. Westwood wished the interior of the cocoons of the Sagra femorata to be

examined, to see if they contained the cast skins of the larve, in order to ascertain if

the insect was provided with legs in the larva state.

Mr. Wilkinson exhibited a bred specimen of Opadia funebrana and the pupa-case ;

also several living specimens of a species of Pyrophorus, probably P. noctilucus, L.,

one of the fire-flies of the West Indies. On the meeting-room being rendered as dark

as possible, the luminosity of these insects was observed with much interest by the

members present. Mr. Wilkinson remarked that these specimens had been brought

from Cuba vid New York, but that their luminosity was not so great as on their first

arrival in this country.

Mr. Baly exhibited specimens of eight species of Cryptocephalus, taken this sea-

son, including C. nitens, C. Coryli, and other rare species.

Mr. Westwood brought for distribution amongst the members the case-bearing

larve of Porrectaria hemerobiella and P. laricella. The latter species had done so

much damage to a plantation of young larches this season that the owner feared he

should have to cut the trees down. He also exhibited some empty pupa-cases of a

Tortrix, apparently a species of Sericoris, found in curled-up leaves of wheat.

Mr. Westwood also exhibited a specimen of the imago and two cocoons of a spe-

cies of Saturnia, sent to the Society of Arts from California, where attempts were

being made to render the silk of the cocoons an article of commerce. He observed

that these cocoons were flask-shaped, like those of our British species, 8. Carpini,—a

matter of great importance in a commercial point of view, for, the threads being all

divided at the orifice formed for the exit of the perfect insect, it would, he conceived,

be quite impossible to unwind the silk ; and he therefore feared the speculation would

prove a failure. He added that in the classification of the Saturnie the structure of

the cocoons had received less attention than it seems to deserve.

Dr. Gray said that at the Paris Exhibition, last year, there were exhibited cocoons

of many species of Saturniz, with specimens of silk produced from them. It appeared

the cocvons were in the first place beaten perfectly flat, and then subjected to a

spinning process.

Mr. Buxton sent for exhibition specimens of Scopula decrepitalis, taken by him,

last month, in Ross-shire ; also singular varieties of Orthosia gothica, from the same

locality. In these specimens the conspicuous dark marks usually surrounding the

stigmata in this species were quite obsolete.

Dr. Calvert exhibited larve of Caradrina Cubicularis, which species had been

described by Mr. Curtis in the ‘ Agricultural Journal’ as injurious to wheat crops.

He had found it very injurious to grasses, especially the Festucx, although one spe-

cies, F. loliacea, did not appear to be attacked by it.

Mr. Adam White observed it was a curious fact that the larve would not attack

F. loliacea, as this grass was considered by eminent botanists as a mere variety, and

not a distinct species.

Mr. Stainton read a paper entitled ‘ On the Recent Progress of Micro-Lepidoptero-

logy on the Continent.’

Society's ‘ Transactions.’

Part 1 of Vol. iv. N. s. of the ‘ Transactions, was on the table.

August 4, 1856.

J. O. Westwoop, Esq., Vice-President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

donors :—‘ A Manual of British Butterflies and Moths, No. 6; ‘The Entomologist’s

Weekly Intelligencer, Nos. 15, 16,17 and 18; presented by H. T. Stainton, Esq.

‘Genus Familie Apidarum Heriades, quod Synopsi Monographica exponit; by the

author, Dr. W. Nylander. ‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society,’ Vol. viii. No. 21; by

the Society. ‘The Zoologist’ for August; by the Editor. ‘The Natural-History

Review’ for July; by the Editors. ‘Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, No.6; by the

Editor. ‘Eine neue Oesterreichische Phryganea’ and ‘ Eine neue miheische

Nycteribia; by the Author, Dr. Kolenati. ‘ Journal of the Society of Arts’ for July;

by the Society. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for July; by the Editor. ‘The Atheneum’

for July; by the Editor. ‘ Report of the Committee on the “Cane-borer;”’ by the

Author, Prof. Bojer.

Election of a Subscriber.

John Sang, Esq., High Row, Darlington, was balloted for and elected a Sub-

scriber to the Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Douglas exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Bolt, a specimen of Drepana Sicula, taken

at Leigh Wood, near Bristol, in June last: there had previously only been one known

British specimen, taken in the same locality many years since by Mr. Mitford, and

now in the collection of the Rev. H. Burney.

Mr. Hunter exhibited Spilodes palealis and Trochilium Chrysidiforme, taken near

Folkestone in July last; also a specimen of Eriopus Latreillii,a Noctua new to Britain,

which he had recently bred from a larva believed to have been taken at Black Park,

and specimens of the summer brood of Ennomos illustraria, bred from eggs laid by

the vernal female.

Mr. Weir exhibited some specimens of Macaria notataria, in all of which the under

wings were more or less imperfectly developed, to which malformation he had noticed

this species was particularly subject, especially this season; one specimen, in which

the under wings were merely rudimentary, flew with as much apparent ease as those

in which they were perfectly developed.

Mr. 8. Stevens exhibited Harpalyce Galiata, in which one under wing was quite

wanting. Mr. Bond observed that such malformation was not at all uncommon

among the Geometride. Mr. Smith remarked that in the female of the common wasp

the wings were frequently not developed at all.

Mr. Stevens exhibited two specimens of Deilephila Galii, bred from larve taken

last autumn by Mr. Smith near Deal, and some Tortrices resembling female varieties

of Lozotenia Viburnana, which he believed might prove a distinct species; also four

specimens of Trochilium Chrysidiforme and a specimen of a new British species

of Phycidex, probably Nyctegretes achatinella, taken in July near Folkestone.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited some specimens of Myrmedonia, which he had found

in the vicinity of a nest of the black ant (Formica fuliginosa), at Brockenhurst, in the

New Forest: they consisted of Myrmedonia funesta, M.lugens, M. humeralis, M. cog-

nata (?), and M. laticollis. Of these all the species furnished but few specimens,

excepting the M. laticollis, which was plentiful. Mr. W. further stated that of these

species three (M. cognata, M. laticollis and M. lugens), he believed, had not found a

place in the list of British Coleoptera, but that the M. cognata had been previously

discovered by Mr. Janson. One other new British species of Staphylinide was

exhibited by Mr. W., viz. the Oxypoda vittata: it was found in company with the

species of Myrmedonia above noticed.

Mr. Tompkins exhibited a specimen of the Nyctegretes? previously exhibited by

Mr. Stevens, which he had taken at the same time and place, on the Echium

vulgare.

My. Bond exhibited six beautiful specimens of Graphiphora ditrapezium, taken

near Blandford, Dorsetshire, about the middle of July.

Mr. Wollaston exhibited some Coleoptera recently taken in Leicestershire,

including a single specimen of Scraptia fusca.

Poison with Laurel Leaves.

Under this title, the Secretary read the following note from Mr. Newman :—

“T have two favourite theories with regard to insect-killing: first, that man, not

being constructed on the same plan as an insect, has very little chance of judging

correctly as to the extent or quality of its sufferings under any circumstances: secondly,

that man has no right whatever to inflict unnecessary suffering on any creature, and

may not assume that sensation exists not, because he perceives it not. Entertaining

these views, I have watched with much interest the effects of laurel-leaf poison on

divers insects subjected to its agency: these are very similar in all insects; a state of

coma is speedily induced, and this gradually assumes the phase of peaceful unsuffering

death. I will try to pourtray the scene in the instance of a perfectly vigorous female

of Arge Galathea. Immediately on being placed beneath the inverted tumbler, it

settled on the gauze covering of the bruised laurel-leaves, and walked about very

sedately, occasionally opening and shutting its wings, as if under the influence

of genial sunshine. It soon ceased walking, but the wings still moved occasionally ;

and the convolute maxille were unrolled, and their tip seemed to be feeling about in

search of food: presently the said tip was immersed in a drop of fluid exuding from a

recent wound in the laurel stem; a very small quantity was imbibed, and more was

sought very assiduously, but seemingly without success. I once observed the first pair

of legs porrected, and being held close together, the maxille were introduced between

them and withdrawn several times in succession: this was new to me,as I do not

recollect having before seen the fore-legs of a pseudo-tetrapod butterfly used for any

purpose whatever: in this case they appeared as cleansing instruments, and reminded

me a little of the velvet-cushioned paws of a cat, as used after her lips had been

sprinkled with milk, a constant result of lapping that favourite beverage. A state of

rest succeeded this cleansing, during which the butterfly inclined on one side, as though

unable to maintain an erect position; and the angle of inclination increased very

gradually, until in about an hour and a half the insect fell on its side; the slight shock

of the fall was followed by a few gentle movements, the most notable of these being

the reversal of the wings, the under sides of which were brought into approximation,

not contact, beneath the body; the legs being, by the same movement, quite deprived

of their locus standi. Life was extinct, and from first to last there had not been the

slightest indication of suffering. I do not theorise as to the immediate cause of death:

I do not assert that, because the insect sipped the laurel-juice, it committed either

intentionally or unintentionally an act of felo-de-se : the very atmosphere of a tumbler

inverted on bruised laurel is impregnated with deadly poison in a gaseous state, and

this enters the system through the spiracles as readily as a liquid through the

conjoined maxille.”

Mr. Smith always found the bruised laurel-leaves killed Hymenoptera very

speedily. He could not agree with Mr. Newman, that, in the case of the butterfly

alluded to, the process which took an hour and a half to destroy life was not attended

with suffering.

Mr. Douglas said that a short time since he had placed a number of Coleoptera,

amongst which was a specimen of Necrobia ruficollis, in a bottle containing bruised

laurel-leaves: after a lapse of several days he had found the Necrobia still alive.

Mr. Weir remarked that Eupisteria hepararia seemed less affected by the laurel

poison than any other Lepidoptera he had observed.

Mr. Hudson found the fumes of the bruised laurel-leaves very powerful for the

first day or two, but the strength was gradually lost.

Mr. Walker had found the laurel-leaves much more powerful in hot than in cold

weather.

Mr. Douglas remarked on the immense numbers of small insects, especially

Coleoptera, lately seen on the wing at sunset, which he attributed to the great heat

and stillness of the atmosphere.

Mr. Stevens had noticed this circumstance in previous years during very hot and

dry weather.

Mr. Westwood called attention to Dr. Schaum’s continuation of the late Dr.

Erichson’s ‘ Naturgischichte Deutschlands, which had just been placed in his hands

by Mr. Wollaston, and adverted to the fact that the Cicindelide had in it again been

raised to the rank of a family.

September 1, 1856.

W. W. SaunpeErs, Esq., President, in the chair,

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

donors :—‘ The Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England,’ Vol. xvii.

Part I.; presented by the Society. ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society,

Nos. 299 to 309, both inclusive; by the Society. ‘The Zoologist’ for September; by

the Editor. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for August; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of

the Society of Arts’ for August; by the Society. ‘The Entomologist’s Weekly

Intelligencer, Nos. 19, 20, 21, 22; ‘ Manual of British Butterflies and Moths, No. 7;

by H. T. Stainton, Esq.

The late William Yarrell, Esq.

The President stated he had received intelligence that Mr. William Yarrell

had died that morning suddenly at Yarmouth. Mr. Yarrell had been one of the

original members of the Society, and soon after became its Treasurer, which office

he resigned four years since, when our present estimable Treasurer succeeded him.

Though not an entomologist, he had taken great interest in the Society: no man —

had done more for the Natural History of this country, and his loss would be

severely felt.

Election of a Member.

Ernest Adams, Esy., of Great Camden Street, Camden Town, was balloted for

and elected a Member of the Society.

Dr. Erichson’s * Naturgeschichte Deutschlands,’

Mr. Westwood remarked that, in the continuation of Dr. Erichson’s ‘ Natur-

geschichte Deutschlands, to which he had briefly called attention at the last

meeting, opinions were advanced which, if carried out, were likely to introduce

great modifications in our views regarding species: very many recently made species

have been therein sunk into local varieties, the principle identical with that enun-

ciated in Mr. Wollaston’s recent work having been applied to a much greater extent

in the present than in any previous publication. He thought that entomologists

would do well to consider how far these views are applicable to the Lepidoptera

and other orders, as well as to the Coleoptera: if extended to the Micro-Lepidoptera,

he had no doubt that the present enormous list of species would be reduced one

half.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Edwin Shepherd exhibited, on behalf of Mr. E. Wallace, specimens of

Lapbygma exigua and Botys silacealis, taken this season in the Isle of Wight: he

observed that Haworth’s specimen of the latter species, the “ Pyralis glabralis” of

‘ Lepidoptera Britannica, was obtained by that author from Francillon’s collection,

and had for many years been placed amongst the reputed British species, the

collection of Francillun having been considered a most doubtful authority: the last

season, however, had furnished single examples of two of Francillon’s doubted species,

viz., the present insect and Trochilium chrysidiforme, and several specimens of each

had been captured during the present year.

Mr. Stevens said he had lately seen a specimen of Laphygma exigua in the

collection of Mr. H. Cooke, taken at Worthing.

Mr. E. W. Janson exhibited the following Coleoptera, recently captured by him

in the vicinity of Highgate :—

Dinarda Maerkelii, Kiesenw. Three specimens taken in a nest of the large woud-

ant (Formica rufa), one on the 13th of July, the other two on the 24th ultimo. He

remarked that the only previously known indigenous example of this insect is in the

British Museum collection, and was taken by Dr. Leach many years since, it is said,

near Swansea: this individual is admirably represented by Mr. Curtis (Brit. Ent.

tab. 410), and is given by Mr. Stephens, in the ‘ Illustrations’ and ‘ Manual,’ under the

specific appellation of dentata, Grav., but Herr v. Kiesenwetter, long ago (Ent. Zeit.

Stett. 1843), pointed out that the Gravenhorstian dentata (Lomechusa) was specifically

distinct from the insect exhibited, and in this view all subsequent writers appear to

coincide. British specimens of the true dentata, Grav., had not come under

Mr. Janson’s notice.

Dendrophilus pygmeus, Z. ‘Two specimens, likewise an inhabitant of, and found

on the 20th of July in, nests of Formica rufa. One other individual only of this

insect is extant, he believed, in British cabinets, namely in that of our late respected

honorary President, the Rev. W. Kirby, who applied to it the trivial name of Shep-

pardi, under which it has been beautifully figured by Mr. Curtis (Brit. Ent. tab. 131),

and described in the works of Mr. Stephens. Dr. Aubé has likewise described and

delineated it (Annales de la Soc. Ent. de France, tome ii.) as Hister formicetorum,

Sibi. Dr. Erichson (Kaefer der Mark Brand), having before him a Swedish example,

refers it without doubt to the Hister pygmezus of Linneus, Paykull and Gyllenhal,

remarking that “the descriptions of the two last-named writers being somewhat

indefinite, it might well happen that such accurate entomologists as Aubé and Curtis

failed to recognise it.”

Dorcatoma rubens, Ent. Hefte, Steph. One specimen taken a day or two since

in a decaying oak, and which, it would appear, was an extraordinarily precocious

individual, as no others were to be found, although the larve, evidently about to

assume the pupa state, were in abundance: on these he would bestow occasional

attention, and hoped at no distant period to be able to furnish his friends with this

species, whose allotted space in our cabinets had remained so long almost universally

vacant.

Cryphalus binodulus (Weber), Ratzeburg. Four’ specimens, both sexes, taken a

day or two back in the bark of an aspen (Populus tremula). This genus (a dismem-

berment of Bostrichus), of which no member had hitherto been recorded as British,

was erected by Dr. Erichson for the reception of those species in which the antenne

have the funiculus consisting of four articulations (in Bostrichus, as restricted by the

same author, the funiculus is 5-jointed). For a beautifully characteristic figure of the

male of this species, from the accurate pencil and graver of S. Weber, he referred the

studen} to the first volume of Ratzeburg’s ‘ Forst-Insecten, tab. xiii. fig. 18.

Mr. Stevens stated that, amongst a quantity of plants lately received from Mr.

Mason at Madeira, he had found several Lepidopterous larve, which had produced a

species of Plusia allied to P. Gamma, and several specimens of a curious Pyralis, both

of which he exhibited: he observed that no doubt many reputed British species had

been brought into this country in a similar manner.

Mr. Hunter took this opportunity of stating that some doubts existed as to the

claims of the specimen of Eriopus Latreillii, which he exhibited at the last meeting, to

be considered a British insect ; it was found on the outside of one of his breeding-cages,

and as there was a quantity of fureign plants in the house at the time, it probably had

been imported therein: he certainly had had no larva bearing any resemblance to the

descriptions given by Continental writers of that of Eriopus Latreilli.

Mr. Douglas exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Turner, an apparently new species of

Depressaria, probably D. Libanotidella, taken near Newhaven, Sussex.

Mr. Newman sent for exhibition some curious Cocei, covered with a downy

substance, found on grass at Darenth Wood.

Mr. Westwood had found an allied species at Walton: the insect exhibited by

Mr. Newman appeared to him to be identical with, or very closely allied to

C. Festuce, described by M. Boyer de Fonscolombe in the ‘Annales de la Société

Entomologique de France, 1854, pl. 3, f. 9.

Mr. Westwood stated he had received some curious masses of eggs, found on

yew trees in Sir Walter Trevelyan’s woods, in Northumberland: the masses were of

the size of a large bean, and the eggs were arranged in transverse rows in gelatinous

matter; some of these had hatched, and produced larve of a Phryganea. He

observed that Kolenati, in his ‘ Genera et Species Trichopterorum, makes no allusion

to the deposition of the eggs of any species of Phryganea on the leaves of trees or out

of the water; and Professor Pictet, in his ‘ Recherches pour servir a l’Histoire et a

YAnatomie des Phryganides, merely observes, “ Quelques auteurs en ont vu hors de

Yeau, sur les feuilles des plantes mais je n’ai jamais trouvé dans cette position.” The

only author who appears to have made any observations upon the subject is De Geer,

who has represented the masses of eggs and young larve of Phryganea grandis upon

a leaf, and which appear to be identical with those which he had received. De Geer's

observation has, however, been overlooked by most subsequent systematic writers upon

these insects; Pictet, indeed, entirely omits Phryganea grandis, from not being a

Swiss species, whilst Kolenati and Stephens, both of whom quote De Geer, omit all

notice of this curious fact. Mr. Curtis, indeed, notices De Geer’s observations of the

deposition of the double masses of jelly inclosing the eggs of P. grandis upon sallow-

leaves which hung over a stream, but adds an observation of Mr. Hyndman, of

Belfast, in which the female P. grandis was seen to descend down the stem of an

aquatic plant to the depth of a foot beneath the surface of the water, for the purpose of

depositing its eggs; possibly the eggs now communicated may be those of a distinct

species, as its habit of depositing its eggs out of water seems uniform: the masses of

eggs were found not only on yew trees, but also on firs, as well as on the water dock.

Mr. Westwood added that several years ago he had received precisely similar masses

of eggs, found on the leaves of a tree at the same place.

Mr. Walker said that he had observed the common species of Limnephilus was

especially partial to yew trees: the eggs in question might be of that species.

The President remarked on the vast quantities of Phryganee he had seen at

Windermere during the recent hot weather.

The Rey. J. Greene sent for exhibition some varieties of Lepidoptera, including a

singular orange-coloured specimen of Cleora Lichenaria.

Mr. Stevens exhibited living larve of Macroglossa stellatarum, taken near Deal ;

also living larve of Agrotis Ashworthii, about three weeks old, bred from eggs

received from Wales.

Mr. Dutton exhibited a curious variety of Argynnis Adippe, taken in July last

near Brockenhurst; also some rare Lepidoptera from the Isle of Wight, including

Heliothis armigera, Agrotis lunigera, Xylophasia sublustris, &c.

Mr. Moore exhibited a box of Coleoptera and Hemiptera lately taken at Southend.

Mr. Walker observed that he had recently found Aphodius rufipes flying to a light

at night; it was, he believed, the only night-flying species of the genus.

Mr. Douglas had also found A. fossor attracted by a light.

Mr. Stevens stated he had lately taken four or five specimens of Helops pallida at

Deal.

Mr. Smith read a paper, by Mr. Frederick Bates, intituled “ Description of a New

Species of the Genus Myrmecilla.”

October 6, 1856.

J. O. Wesrwoop, Esq., Vice-President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

donors:—‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society, vol. viii. No. 22; presented by the So-

ciety. ‘Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Genéve,

Tome xiv. lre Partie; by the Society. ‘Exotic Butterflies; Part XX; by W. W.

Saunders, Esq., F.R.S. ‘ List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Col-

lection of the British Museum,’ Part VIII., Sphingide ; by the Author, F. Walker,

Esq., F.L.S. ‘ Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 1856, Nos.6 and 7; by the Editor, M.

I. E. Guérin-Méveville. ‘ The Zoologist’ for October; by the Editor. ‘The Ento-

mologist’s Weekly Intelligencer’ for 1856; the same work, Nos. 23, 24, 25 and 26;

‘Elements of Entomology: an Outline of the Natural History and Classification of

British Insects,” by W.S. Dallas, F.L.S.; ‘A Manual of British Butterflies and

Moths,’ by H. T. Stainton; by H. T. Stainton, Esq. ‘The Atheneum’ for August

and September; by the Editor. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for September; by the Edi-

tor. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for September; by the Society. ‘ Kritische

Bemerkungen tiber M.S. Merian Metamorphoses Insectorum Surinamensium ;’ ‘ Un-

tersuchungen uber die Fliigeltypen der Coleopteren;’ by the Author, Dr. H. Bur-

meister. A box of minute Coleoptera from Ceylon; by Wm. Spence, Esq., F.R.S.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Stevens exhibited a fine specimen of Carabus intricatus, which had lately

been picked up dead near Plymouth; also a pair of Monohammus Sutor, found in an

old ash tree near Yaxley, Hunts; and a bottle containing a quantity of liquorice

powder, which, although the cork had not been taken out for five years, contained

several living specimens of Endrosis fenestrella, the larve of which had evidently sub-

sisted on the powder, and on the end of the cork inserted in the neck of the bottle.

Mr. Stevens also exhibited a box of beautiful Lepidoptera, chiefly minute species

of Pyralide and Tineidw, taken by Mr. Diggles at Moreton Bay. Many of these

species were bred from the larva. Mr, Stevens observed that Mr. Diggles, who is an

artist by profession, would be happy to enter into engagements with any persons who

might require drawings of the larve of any species bred by him.

Mr. Stainton exhibited some cases, formed by the larve of various South Austra-

lian Lepidoptera, including curiously ribbed cases of a species of Psyche.

Mr. Lubbock exhibited some blind Gammari, from a well at Brighton. He ob-

served that the eyes were absent or very rudimentary, as in Niphargus speleus, from

which species, however, the present specimens appeared to differ in the furm of the

posterior legs. They are probably identical with Gammarus subterraneus of Leach.

That naturalist, however, does not describe his specimens, and even suggests that they

might be only the young of the common freshwater species, which is evidently not the

case with those exhibited. The interesting fact of the presence of blind Amphipods

has now been ascertained in four different localities in this country, viz., London,

Maidenhead, Bromley (in Kent), and Brighton, and would probably be found to be

more common if those who observe them in their well-water would send them to this

Society or to any naturalist.

Mr. Stainton exhibited some larve of Lepidoptera preserved in hermetically sealed

glass tubes containing spirits, which had been forwarded to him by a glass-tube ma-

nufacturer in Hatton Garden, who, he stated, would be happy to exchange similar

tubes for examples of British Lepidoptera.

Mr. Westwood stated he had lately received some curious pale varieties of the

larve of Acherontia Atropos, similar to that figured in Fuessly’s ‘ Archives.’ It would

be interesting to know whether that variety had occurred generally this season, and

whether it was owing to any peculiarity in the food of the larve, or to the cireum-

stance that the insect was near the period of its transformation, and had undergone a

change in its colour.

Mr. Stainton remarked that several of his correspondents had taken the larve this

autumn, but all appeared to be of the ordinary colours.

Mr. Dutton exhibited a curious variety of the female Polyommatus Adonis, having

the under side very dark and the ordinary ocelli nearly obsolete. He stated that he

lately noticed Stenopteryx hybridalis in great profusion on the cliffs at Eastbourne,

although on the previous and following days not a single example was to be seen.

He added that there was no perceptible atmospheric change during the three days to

account for this circumstance.

Mr. Westwood brought for distribution amongst the members specimens of Lophy-

rus rufus. He had received a great quantity of larve from one locality, all of which

produced females; from others, obtained near Weybridge, he had bred both sexes.

He observed that these instances of the occurrence of one sex in insects were

extremely interesting. It was a well-known fact that the queen bee at times only

laid male eggs, which caused great derangement in the internal economy of the hive,

and frequently the destruction of the stock. A correspondent of his had lately pur-

chased some seeds of the Wellingtonia gigantea, frum every one of which he had bred

females of a Chalcideous insect of the genus Callimome, which evidently had been

parasites of some Lepidopterous larve feeding in the seeds. Mr. Parfitt, of Exeter,

had also only obtained females of the British ink-gall Cynips, from the galls which

he had kept in order to obtain the perfect insects; he had also obtained,a great num-

ber of females of the species of Callimome parasitic on the Cynips, and only a single

male. .

Mr. Westwood also brought for distribution specimens of the small honey-moth

(Achroea alvearia). He stated that at the Trade Museum, formed in the spring of

1855, by the Society of Arts, he had exhibited two cases illustrative of the history of

beneficial and injurious insects. The former contained numerous illustrations of the

economy of the hive-bee, including various specimens of honeycomb, in one of which

the eggs of A. alvearia must have been introduced, as recently nearly all the contents

of the case had been devoured by the larve. It was interesting to notice that the

bodies of several queen bees were entirely, and those of the drones partially, exempted

from the general destruction, doubtless owing to their containing no wax, whilst the

bodies of the worker bees were devoured ; also that a piece of bees’ wax, which had

been obtained by immersing the comb in boiling water, was scarcely touched. He

added that the case also contained specimens of different species of Coccide, used

both for dyeing and for the production of wax. The former had not been touched ;

but amongst the latter were some fine examples of the wax-insect of China (Coceus

Pela); and in the inside of each specimen was a cocoon and pupa of the alvearia.

Had these specimens and the empty pupa-case therein been found at a future time

by any one ignorant of the circumstances, it might very naturally have been inferred

that it was the pupa-case of some Lepidopterous insect parasitic on the Coccus. The

Jarve had also burrowed deeply into the cork lining of the box; they seemed, how-

ever, to have avoided attacking newly developed worker bees, and also comb filled

with honey.

Mr. Waterhouse stated, as an instance of the voracity of the larve of A. alvearia,

that, having a number of them in a glass jar, on the top of which he placed a thick

book, in a short time the larve ate completely through the book, and made their

escape.

Mr. Moore exhibited specimens of Lophyrus rufus, reared by him from larve

taken near Mickleham.

Mr. Westwood read a letter on the unusual scarcity of the May-fly this season,

which had been addressed to him by the late Mr. Yarrell a short time previous to his

death. He thought it probable the scarcity alluded to might be owing to the perfect

insects having been developed, in the previous season, during wet weather, and

thereby destroyed before depositing their eggs.

Mr. Shepherd exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Buxton, a series of specimens of Noctua

festiva, taken in the North of Scotland, last summer. Some of these specimens, he

remarked, approached very closely to the Noctua conflua of Iceland, which probably

is only an extreme northern variety of N. festiva.

Mr. Westwood stated he had lately received from Mr. Parfitt a very small cornuted

species of Bledius, which was evidently new to the British list. It had been taken

beneath marine rejectamenta at Exmouth.

Mr. Stainton stated that Mr. Newnham had lately discovered the larva of Hypo-

nomeuta vigintipunctatus on Sedum Telephium, at Guildford; he (Mr. 8.) had found

the larva in a garden at Lewisham twenty years ago, on a plant of the Sedum, brought

from the neighbourhood of Tunbridge Wells: this was the only previously known

instance of the capture of the larva in this country.

Mr. Syme exhibited larvee of Deilephila Galii preserved in spirits: he stated that

he had recently captured several on the sand-hills near Deal. When young the larve

are bright green, and very difficult to find; as they approach’ maturity they become

olive-coloured: they appear to feed in the early morning, concealing themselves in the

- tufts of long grass during the rest of the day, and are then only to be traced by their

excrement.

Mr. Smith observed that the specimens which he found at Deal last year were

crawling in the warm sunshine.

Mr. E. W. Brayley remarked, with reference to the statement made by Mr. Dutton

respecting the abundance of Stenopteryx hybridalis on one day and its nonoceurrence

on the preceding or following ones, that such facts appeared to throw great light on

the circumstance alluded to by Mr. Westwood, in his ‘ Memoirs on Fossil Insects,’

recently published by the Geological Society, of great masses of insects’ remains being

occasionally found in close juxtaposition, whilst in the immediately adjoining layers

there were no such deposits. Another fact bearing on the same subject had been

stated with regard to vast quantities of dead ants which had occurred along the shores

of the rivers of South America, extending for many miles: these would naturally be

covered with a layer of sand or other deposit, and it would be evident that the latter

and all future layers would be destitute of insect remains until a fresh swarm of ants

had been overtaken by the water, and washed up as before.

Mr. Westwood said it was interesting to observe that facts such as those noticed

by Mr. Dutton, which at first sight seemed trivial, might possess considerable im-

portance, and even occasionally afford a satisfactory solution to a great scientific

question.

Mr. Frederick Smith read the following description of a most extraordinary

aculeate Hymenopterous insect recently received from Australia :—

‘“¢ LAMPROCOLLETES BIPECTINATUS.

“ Black; the head punctured and shining; the face and cheeks clothed with hoary

pubescence, distinctly plumose under a high power of the microscope; the mandibles

ferruginous at their apex; the antenne bipectinate, the pectinations irregularly

toothed. Thorax shining and punctured, thinly clothed with hoary pubescence ;

wings hyaline and iridescent, the nervures rufo-testaceous; the claw-joint ferruginous ;

the calcarie pale testaceous. Abdomen sub-ovate, shining and finely punctured;

the margins of the segments constricted; clothed above with a thin short hoary

pubescence.

“Male. Length 44 lines.

“ Habitat: Australia. Taken by W. Stutchbury, between Sydney and Moreton.

' “Tn the collection of the British Museum.”

“This remarkable bee belongs to the family Obtusilingues, and is, in fact, an

Australian Colletes: the pectination of the antenne can only be regarded as a sexual

character, or rather distinction, of this particular species ; several analogous instances

occur in the fossorial genus Crabro: the present is the first which appears to have

been noticed amongst the Apide.”

Preparation of the Larve of Lepidoptera.

Mr. Stainton read the following communication from Dr. Collingwood :—

“The preparation of the larve of Lepidopterous insects has long been a deside-

ratum: while the imago requires but little management, being, with the exception of

those that ‘run greasy,’ little prone to decay, the caterpillar form, on the other hand,

being soft and juicy in the extreme, cannot possibly be preserved in our cabinets

without undergoing some process, which, however effectually it may preserve it, as

certainly destroys the symmetry of form and delicacy of colour of these perishable,

though often beautiful subjects of entomological study.

“In my frequent visits to the Imperial Cabinet of Zoology at Vienna, I could not

fail to be struck with the extremely beautiful preparations illustrative of the transfor-

mations of insects, exhibited in the upper story of that establishment. In glass cases

suspended against the walls is a most instructive series of insects in every stage of

their remarkable career, and preserved in a perfection of beauty I have nowhere seen

paralleled. This series appeared to be very attractive, and was generally thronged

with humble admirers, who probably saw, for the first time, and to their great

astonishment, the various changes which insects undergo. But among the forms

thus preserved, the caterpillars were pre-eminent; their unchanged forms, delicate

colours and characteristic attitudes, looking exactly like life.

“ Thinking that British entomologists would be glad to be able to add to their collec-

tions similar specimens, I determined, before quitting Vienna, to learn the process by

which they were prepared. Unfortunately, however, I found that the director, Herr

Redtenbacher, to whom I looked for information, was absent; but this circumstance

was, to a great extent, remedied by the kindness of my friend Dr. Ernst Briicke,

Professor of Physiology in the University of Vienna, who, in a letter lately received,

has given me the following information, derived from Herr Redtenbacher:—

“The caterpillars, he says, are eviscerated through the anus, and the skin is then

blown out, being fixed upon a tube (‘man Dldss sie an einen Tiibiiliis befastigt

aif’), and carefully held all the while over a pan of hot coals, until they become

quite dry, and are no longer liable to change their form. Caterpillars with peculiarly

delicate colours, such as green or pale rose, are liable of course to lose their colours in

this drying process. To replace them, a mass of wax, of the natural hue of the

insect, is poured in through the opening by which it was eviscerated.

“The Professor adds, that the beauty of these preparations, as seen in the

Imperial cabinet, depends less upon the nature of the method than upon the manual

dexterity of the operator, assisted by long practice. I doubt not, however, that many

members of the Entomological Society possess this dexterity to an extent quite great

enough to produce specimens equal to those I have described, especially when the

hope of enriching their cabinets has induced the practice necessary to the attainment

of perfection.”

November 3, 1856.

- W. W. Savunners, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

donors:—‘ Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Van Dieman’s Land,’

Vol. iii. Part I.; presented by the Society. ‘Journal of the Proceedings of the

Linnean Society, Vol.i. No.3; by the Society. ‘Entomological Papers, being

Descriptions of new Ceylon Coleoptera, with such Observations on their Habits, &c.,

as appear in any way interesting,’ by John Nietner, Colombo, Ceylon, Nos. 1 and 2;

by G. H. K. Thwaites, Esq. ‘Bericht wber die Oesterreichische Literatur der

Zoologie, Botanik und Palexontologie aus den Jahren 1850, 1851, 1852, 1853;’

‘Verhandlungen des Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wein, Band V.; by the

Society. ‘The Natural History Heview, No. 12; by the Dublin Natural History

Society. ‘Entomologische Zeitung, 1856, Nos. 7, 8, 9 and 10; by the Entomo-

logical Society of Stettin. ‘A Manual of British Butterflies and Moths, No.9;

‘The Substitute? Nos. 1 and 2; ‘Elements of Entomology, by W. 8S. Dallas,

F.L.S., No.2; by H. T. Stainton, Esq. ‘The Atheneum’ for October; by the

Editor. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for October; by the Editor. ‘The Zoologist’

for November; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for October; by

the Society. A specimen of Belostoma sp ? by James Weston, Esq.

Election of a Member.

George Edwards, Esq., of 24, Acacia Road, St. John’s Wood, was balloted for and

elected a Member of the Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. A. F. Sheppard exhibited Acronycta Alni and Phibalapteryx gemmaria,

taken near Brighton.

Mr. Stevens exhibited a fine specimen, in its natural state, of the wax secreted by

Coccus pela, or wax-insect of China, sent to him by Mr. Fortune.

Mr. Westwood said this Coccus was a subject of considerable interest, as we thus

were able to see from what the Chinese wax is produced ; it is the covering formed by

the female of a species of Coccus called by the Chinese pela, whence the specific name

applied to it: its chemical properties had lately been investigated by Mr. Daniel

Hanbury, who had recently exhibited some very fine specimens. In some of the wax

sent home by Mr. Fortune he (Mr. W.) had found the remains of male insects, and

also two species of Chalcide, which were doubtless parasites of the Coccus.

Mr. Bowring observed that this wax was used in China to coat over the outsides of

the candles made from the candle tree, in order to give them a hard surface.

Mr. Stevens exhibited a full-grown larva of Agrotis Ashworthii, remarking that it

was one exhibited by him at a previous meeting, when but a few days old; also the

bottle containing liquorice-powder exhibited at the last meeting, in which were

specimens of Endrosis fenestrella still alive.

Mr. Stainton exhibited, on behalf of Mr. H. Cooke, a specimen of Leucania

vitellina, a Noctua new to Britain, taken by him in his own garden at Brighton; also

Phlogophora empyrea, Leucania musculosa and Laphygma exigua, all taken near the

same locality during this season, and a specimen of Cucullia Verbasci, reared from

larva which had been found feeding on Buddlea globosa.

Mr. Douglas exhibited two specimens of Brontes planatus, Zin. (Uleiota planata,

Steph. Man.), which he had taken on the previous day under the loose bark of

a beech tree, in the neighbourhood of Lee, which had been felled about a year ago;

and observed that the species is given by Stephens as “ very rare, Hermitage, South

Lambeth,” and that Shuckard says, “ very rare, query indigenous,” so that the capture

is of interest in more ways than one.

Mr. Stainton exhibited the cocoon of a species of Tinea, from Ceylon, attached to

a footstalk about half-an-inch long, the cocoon itself being composed of network,

similar to those of the European genus Plutella.

Mr. Westwood observed that a much more remarkable instance of the cocoon of a

Lepidopterous insect being attached to a footstalk occurs in the Saturnia Cynthia of

India, in which species the footstalk of the cocoon is two inches long.

Mr. Stevens exhibited the following Coleoptera, recently taken by Mr. Arthur

Adams :—Polistichus fasciolatus, at Sheerness; Trechus nanus, at Mickleham; also

six specimens of Drypta emarginata, and a larva which he presumed pertained to the

latter species.

Mr. Westwood observed that the larva referred to Drypta was, in reality, that of a

species of Silpha.

Mr. Weir exhibited a specimen of Anthribus albinus, captured at Pembury,

Kent.

Mr. Foxcroft exhibited some Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, taken in Scotland and

Wales during the past summer, including a single specimen of Otiorhynchus septen-

trionis, from Perthshire.

Mr. F. Smith exhibited a specimen of Cybister limbatus, having the head of the

larva instead of that of the perfect insect; it was found alive and swimming, in

apparent health, by Mr. Bowring, at Hong Kong.

Mr. Westwood said this was the first recorded instance in Coleoptera of the imago

being found with the head of the larva; in Lepidoptera, however, instances had

occurred : aspecimen of Nymphalis Populi was recorded in the ‘ Mémoires de l Academie

Royale de Bruxelles,’ having the head of the larva instead of that of the perfect

insect.

Mr. Gregson sent for exhibition a pair of Coleophora vitisella, and the case of the

larva of this species.

Mr. Stevens read an extract from a letter received by him from Mr. A. R. Wallace,

written from Lombock, in which he remarked the paucity of insects of all orders in

that locality, attributable to the greater part of the island being now devoted to the

cultivation of rice.

The Secretary read the following extract from a letter from G. H. K. Thwaites, Esq.,

Director of the Botanic Garden, Peradenia, Ceylon, to William Spence, Esq.:—

“TI have often observed, on the whitewashed walls of the houses here, a whitish-

coloured spider stationary for hours, with its head downwards and its legs extended

= --

(a pair of intermediate ones much shorter than the others), and two long spinnerets ;

but it was only a short time ago I had an opportunity of observing the curious mode

in which it entraps its prey. When an insect makes its appearance on the wall near

it, it commences running round and round it with the greatest rapidity, spinning a web

all the time, which confines the legs, wings, &c., of the poor victim most effectually,

and has just the effect of a lasso thrown over its limbs. With this knowledge of the

spiders habits we can understand the use of the long spinnerets, and that the short

pair of legs enable it to make a more rapid and smaller series of turns round its

victim.”

Mr. Westwood had great pleasure in stating that it was the intention of Messrs.

Saunders and Hewitson to commence the publication of a second volume of their

splendid work on ‘ Exotic Butterflies.’

Part IT. of Vol. iv. of the New Series of the Society's ‘ Transactions,’ published in

October, was on the table.

December 1, 1856.

J. O. Westwoop, Esq., Vice-President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

donors :—‘ Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles d Agriculture et d’Industrie,’

Deuxiéme Série, Tome vii. lre Partie; presented by La Société Impériale d’Agri-

culture, &e., de Lyon. ‘Annales de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon, Années 1854,

1855, Tome ii.; by the Society. ‘ Mémoires de Académie Impériale des Sciences,

Belles-lettres et Arts de Lyon,’ Classe des Sciences, Tome v., Classe des Lettres,

Tome vi.; by the Society. M. B. P. Perroud, ‘ Mélanges Entomologiques, 3iéme

Partie; by the Author. ‘ Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History,’

Nos. 12 to 21, inclusive; by the Society. ‘ Report of the Commissioner of Patents

for the year 1854,—Agriculture;’ by the United States’ Commissioner of Patents.

‘Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Vol. viii.

Nos. 1 and 2; ‘A Notice of the Origin, Progress and Present Condition of the

Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, by W.S. W. Ruschenberger, M.D.,

Surgeon U.S. Navy; by the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

‘Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge,’ Vol. viii.; by the Smithsonian Institution.

‘Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Vol. xxii. Part 1; List of the

Linnean Society of London, 1856; by the Society. ‘ Proceedings of the Literary

and Philosophical Society of Liverpool, during the forty-fifth Session, 1855-56,

No. 10; by the Society. ‘Remarks on the Habits and Distribution of Marine

Crustacea on the Eastern Shores of Port Philip, Victoria, Australia, with Descriptions

of Undescribed Species and Genera,’ by John Robert Kinahan, M.B.,T.C.D.,M.R.LS.,

Acting Professor Natural History Department of Science and Art, &e. &e.; by the

Author. ‘Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 1856, No.9; by the Editor, M. F. E.

Guerin-Méneville. ‘The Substitute, Nos. 3,4,5 and 6; ‘A Manual of British

Butterflies and Moths, No. 10; ‘ Elements of Entomology,’ by W. 8. Dallas, F.L.S,

No. 3; by H. T. Stainton, Esq. ‘ List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects

in the Collection of the British Museum,’ Part 9, Noctuide; by the Author, Francis

Walker, F.L.S. ‘The Zoologist’ for December; by the Editor. ‘The Journal

of the Society of Arts’ for November; by the Editor. ‘The Literary Gazette’

for November; by the Editor.

Election of a Subscriber.

J. V. Yatman, Esq., 2, Bombay Place, Amersham Park, New Cross, was balloted

for and elected a Subscriber to the Society.

Mr. Westwood called attention to the excellent descriptions of New Holland and

other exotic insects published by M. Perroud in the Transactions of the Lyons

Society, and expressed a wish that some of our young entomologists would furnish

similar papers, which really are a step in advance of Science: he was also desirous

of knowing whether the recent discovery of the larva of Agrotis Ashworthii had

contributed in any way to the settlement of the disputed question as to the genus to

which this species should be referred.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Stevens exhibited a box of Lepidoptera and other insects, taken by

Mr. Diggles at Moreton Bay, including Papilio Anactus, /‘Zeay ; Eurycus Cressida,

a fine Bombyx, allied to Laria, of which the female is apterous; Deilephila Celerio?

and Deiopeia pulchella? apparently identical with the European species; and a fine

Neuropterous insect, the Stilbopteryx costalis of Newman.

Mr. Douglas exhibited specimens of Gelechia paupella, bred from the flowers of

Inula dysenterica: he observed that this species is closely allied to G. inopella, and

when he discovered it he supposed it was the summer brood of that species; but, being

larger, it would have been an exception to the general rule in Lepidopterous insects,

in which the estival specimens are usually smallest, as in the well-known instance of

Ennomos illunaria: he added that the species exhibited was probably the Aphelosetia?

Tnulella of Curtis.

Mr. A. F. Sheppard sent for exhibition specimens of Ypsipetes elutaria and

a specimen of Agrotis cursoria, received from Mr. J. B, Hodgkinson, who considered

they might prove to be distinct species.

Mr. Waterhouse observed that he had received from Liverpool a pill-box con-

taining a quantity of Areocerus coffee (Phloéobius griseus, Steph.), which had been

very destructive to nutmegs: the species had been erroneously included in British

lists: he added that he had received it from various parts of both the old and new

world, India, Africa and South America.

Mr. Douglas said he had found this species in mace in the London Docks.

}

Mr. Westwood observed that the Ptinus rubellus, Marsh., was very destructive to

various condiments.

Mr. Lubbock made some remarks on the reproduction of the Daphnia, observing

that the females laid two sorts of eggs, one kind being fertile without impregnation:

he knew similar cases occurred in Aphides, &c., and wished to hear from the

Members present of any instances in Lepidoptera or other orders.

Mr. Westwood said Lasiocampa Quercus and Orgyia antiqua had been known to

produce fertile eggs without male intercourse. Mr. Ingpen had found unim-

pregnated females of Psyche fusca produce fertile eggs, as recorded in Stephens’

‘ Illustrations.’

Mr. Douglas had known instances of the eggs laid by unimpregnated females of

Fumea nitidella having hatched.

Mr. Stainton said that Mr. Robinson had had a brood of larve hatched from

the eggs laid by a virgin female of Arctia Caja, but the larve did not live

many days: in answer to a question, put by Mr. Waterhouse, as to the

grounds on which this particular female was asserted to have been destitute of

sexual intercourse, Mr. Robinson stated that the fact was most indisputable,

as he only had one larva of the species, which was bred alone, and had produced

the female in question.

Mr. Hudson said that two of his friends had observed Liparis dispar to produce

fertile eggs without copulation.

Mr. Westwood stated that a most valuable paper had been published by Herr

Lederer in the Vienna Transactions, four years ago, on the investigation of the larva

of the Geometre, he considered it would be a great addition to our knowledge of the

British Geometre to go through the list and note the characters by which Lederer’s

genera differed from those of Stephens, and publish the same in our own ‘ Proceedings’

or ‘ Transactions.’

Mr. Douglas believed that M. Guenée’s great work on the Geometre was ready

for publication, and might answer the purpose suggested by Mr. Westwood.

Mr. E, Sheppard observed that M. Lacordaire’s fourth volume of the ‘ Genres des

Coléoptéres’ was nearly ready for publication, and that the plates of the first three

volumes would be published with the fourth.

Mr. Armitage exhibited some Coleoptera, mostly from the Dardanelles and Mount

Olympus, including a Lethmo, allied to, but apparently distinct from, cephalotes; a

beautiful species of Cardiophorus ; and a fine series of minute Malachii.

Mr. Westwood made some observations on the approximation of genera, and ~

remarked that, on the separation of Megacephala from the Cicindelide, the latter

became a group by itself.

Mr. Waterhouse denied that any real links existed in Creation between any two

well-defined genera. In Mammalia a great many animals were pointed out as links

between various groups; but when such animals, with their superficial resemblances,

came to be really examined, they were invariably thrust further away from each

other: it was, he contended, the same through the whole of Creation.

Mr. Lubbock could not admit that such links never occurred, and mentioned the

two large genera of Crustacea, Calanus and Pontella, as affording species which

apparently militated against Mr. Waterhouse’s views.

Mr, Wollaston observed that, a few years ago, Carabus and Calosoma were

considered as well-defined genera, but of late the discovery of new species had so

linked them that it now was impossible to separate them. i

A conversation ensued on the variation of species, as apparently produced by

climate and lapse of time, in the course of which Mr. Westwood observed that it

would be interesting to know whether the animal remains found in mummies, &c.,

were the same species as at present exist in a living state.

M. Milne-Edwards said that the Ibis found embalmed with mummies was

identical with the existing species.

Mx. Stainton read a paper intituled ‘ Observations on Genera.’

January 5, 1857.

W. W. Saunvers, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations,

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

donors :—‘ Entomological Papers,’ by John Nietner, Nos. 3 and 4; presented by

the author. ‘ Revue et Magasin de Zoologie,’ 1856, Nos. 10 and 11; by the Editor,

M. Guérin-Méneville. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for December; by the

Society. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for December; by the Editor. ‘The Atheneum’

for November and December; by the Editor. ‘A Manual of Butterflies and Moths,’

No. 11; ‘ Elements of Entomology,’ No. 4; ‘The Substitute,’ Nos. 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11;

‘The Entomologist’s Annual’ for 1857, Library edition; by H. T. Stainton, Esq.

Election of Members, Sc.

The Rev. D. J. Drakeford, M.A., Churton Mendip, Somersetshire, and H. S.

Digby, Esq., Fenstanton, St. Ives, Huntingdonshire, were balloted for and elected

Members of the Society. :

Edward William Robinson, Esq., 42, Harmeson Street, Kentish Town, was

balloted for and elected a Subscriber to the Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Stevens exhibited a box of Lepidoptera, chiefly Pyralide, taken at Sarawak

by Mr. Wallace, amongst which was a beautiful species of Cerura, allied to C, liturata

of India; a singular Bombyx, allied to the Megasoma pardale of Java; and several

Pyralidw, remarkable for the extraordinary development of the palpi, in one species

the terminal joint of the palpi being turned back over the head of the insect, and

equal in length to the abdomen,

Mr. Hunter exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Reading, of Plymouth, four living speci-

mens of Carabus intricatus, recently found in moss in that neighbourhood; and a

specimen of Glea erythrocephala, taken on ivy blossoms, in November last, at the

same place, being the second recorded British specimen of that species.

Mr. Smith read an extract from the ‘ Entomological Magazine’ for 1837, in which

Mr. Shuckard recorded a specimen of Carabus intricatus sent to Mr. Smith amongst

a large number of Carabi, collected on Hawley Flat, near Blackwater, Hants, not

Horsley Downs, as stated by Mr.Shuckard. Mr. Smith had frequently searched the

locality without success, in May and June; but, not knowing the habit of the species,

had not thought of hunting for it in the wood which skirts the south-east end of that

locality.

Mr. Waterhouse said Mr. Digby had informed him that he found this species in

Germany, in the moss and rotten wood on the stumps of trees which had been cut off

nearly level with the ground.

Mr. Stevens remarked that he had searched for this species in June in the locality,

in Devonshire, mentioned by Dr. Leach, but without success.

Mr. Wollaston said the natural habitat of the species seemed to be in moss during

the winter; it probably would be more frequently found, if searched for at this

season.

Mr. Stevens exhibited a most beautiful Callithea, taken by M. De Gand at Taba-

linza, in Peru; and a Curculio from Burmah, allied to Pachymerus, having very

remarkable hind legs.

Mr. Waterhouse observed it was a singular fact that four or five Brazilian species

were closely allied to this Indian insect.

Mr. Wollaston exhibited a large box of minute Coleoptera, being a portion of

his captures during his last visit to Madeira.

Mr. Lubbock called attention to a remarkable paper lately published by Professor

Siebold, entitled ‘ Wahre Parthenogenesis bei Schmetterlinge und Bienen,’ containing

some extraordinary theories on the generation of bees and other insects: he stated

that an English translation of the work would shortly be published.

The President read an extract from a letter addressed to Mr. W. Marshall by

Mr. Monteith on the reported capture of six specimens of Pieris Daplidice near

Glasgow.

Mr. T. V. Wollaston read a paper on the British Atomariz, in which twenty-three

species are described as natives of this country.

Mr. Pascoe read a paper on Longicorn Coleoptera, being a continuation of that

read by him at the Meeting in March last.

January 26, 1857.

W. W. Saunpers, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the chair.

The 23rd Anniversary Meeting was held on the 26th inst., at the rooms of the

Society, 12, Bedford Row.

Messrs. J. E. Gray, F. Grut, F. P. Pascoe, and T. V. Wollaston, were elected

members of the Council, in the room of Messrs. J. Curtis, J. W. Douglas, F. Smith,

and J. O. Westwood. W.W. Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., &c., was re-elected President;

S. Stevens, Esq., F.L.S., Treasurer; and Messrs. E. Shepherd and E. W. Janson,

Secretaries.

The Report of the Council for the year 1856 was read and received; the abstract

of the Treasurer’s accounts, as furnished by the auditors, showed a larger balance in

hand than on any former anniversary.

The President delivered an Address on the affairs of the Society and the progress

of Entomology, for which, and his courteous conduct in the chair, and on all other

occasions, the Meeting passed a cordial vote of thanks, with a request that he would

allow the Address to be printed.

Votes of thanks were also passed to the Treasurer and Secretaries, and the retiring

Members of Council.

Part 3 of Vol. iv., n.s., of the Society’s ‘ Transactions’ was on the table.

ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS.

GENTLEMEN,

We have now reached another anniversary; and, in looking

back at the last year’s operations, the Entomological Society will be

found quietly moving forward in the right direction, and carrying out

the objects for which it was originally formed. Our meetings have

been well attended, and rendered interesting by a great variety of

objects relating to Entomology exhibited by our members. Our

‘Transactions’ have been regularly published, and the papers read

at the meetings have been, without unnecessary loss of time, made

public. The number of our members remains unaltered. We have

to lament the death of three members, two ordinary and one foreign, —

and we have had some withdrawals; but against these we have had

several names added to our list; and the vigour of the Society to do

good work never appeared greater than at present. Our Treasurer,

aa Pt ee YD

to whom we are greatly indebted for the careful way our funds are

superintended, reports a good balance in favour of the Society

remaining in his hands, after the payment of all demands: so that

there is good reason to be satisfied with the present position of the

Society, and there seems to be a fair prospect that the Science for

which we are associated may be still further advanced through its

instrumentality.

One of the members whose death I have alluded to requires

more than ordinary notice, as he was so well known to many of

us, was so universally respected, had gained such reputation as

a naturalist, and had for many years so well filled the Treasurer-

ship of this Society,—I refer to Mr. William Yarrell, whose

sudden death was the subject of deep regret through the scientific

world of this country, and whose memory will be long cherished

by those who had the great advantage of a more intimate ac-

quaintance with him. He was elected Treasurer on the 22nd of

May, 1834, the year after the formation of the Society, and he

continued to serve the Society faithfully during the long period

of eighteen years, and until the year 1853, when he resigned his

office, much to the regret of the members of the Society, and was

succeeded by the gentleman who now so well fills the place of our

lamented colleague. Mr. Yarrell, by his excellent judgment, con-

ciliatory manner, and truly business-like habits, did good service to

the Society and the Science of Entomology. His love for Natural

History, and the careful way he noted all facts which came under his

observation, gave him a certain knowledge of Entomology, although

his brilliant talents had never been turned to the study of insects in

the same way he devoted them to other branches of Zoology. So

many around me esteemed Mr. Yarrell, and had a like admiration for

his character and abilities that he scarcely requires praise at my

hands; but still, as an old friend, I feel a pleasure in bearing testi-

mony to his worth and to the great loss Science sustained in his

unexpected death.

The name of Dr. Klug, honorary foreign member, deceased

since the last anniversary, must not either be passed over without

comment: his numerous contributions to Science have shown

him to have possessed very first-rate talents as an entomologist,

and his name will be handed down to posterity as one of the leaders

in the ranks of Entomology during the first half of the nineteenth

century.

The other member whose death we have to regret is Mr. C. Lamb,

who was an ardent admirer of insects, and who possessed a

very interesting collection, containing many rare and beautiful

forms.

The three deaths named, with seven resignations, form a total of

ten members and subscribers lost to the Society during the last year,

and, in their stead, we have elected seven ordinary members and

three subscribers, so our number of members and subscribers

remains the same.

ELECTED IN 1856, RESIGNED. DEATHS.

Edward Armitage

Frederick Grant William Yarrell (Life)

Ropesradlains H. W. Newman C. Lamb (Life)

we sak eh Beatkenridge W.J. Wild Dr. Klug (Hon. For. Member)

Rey. D. J. Drakeford s. B. Labry

silat s. H. V. Tebbs

etree Edqerds s. F. T. Hudson

Alexander Haliday s. J. Ingall

s. E. W. Robinson

's. J. Sang

s. J. V. Yatman

Members ~ .ccecsseece penis Members ~~. .ccccccces 3 Life Members .....-.ss0. 2

Subscribers ...eseeereee 3 Subscribers ...... A osivde: A Hon. Foreign Member.... 1

10 7 3

Now, turning to our financial position, it will be perceived,

by referring to the Treasurer’s account, that the balance at

present in the Treasurer’s hands is £85 14s. 9d., with other

monies due to him, reckoned at £10 10s., making a total of

£96 4s. 9d., against which must be placed bills due £52, leaving a

clear balance in favour of the Society of £44 4s. 9d. If we compare

this with the position of the Treasurer’s account at the last anniver-

sary, we arrive at the fact that the balance in the hands of the

Treasurer then was £74 19s. 5d., and a real balance in favour of the

Society of £38 Os. 1ld., so that, in both respects, we are a

few pounds better off this year than last, which is a favourable

state of the funds, seeing that an expenditure of £10 has been

incurred during the past year in printing and colouring plates to

make up a stock of the old series of the ‘'Transactions:’ only

——s

one set of the eleven thus made up has yet been added to the

receipts of the Society.

The resignation of our late Secretary, Mr. Douglas, was received

with much regret by the members of the Society, as, during

the time he filled this important post, which imposed so much

labour and trouble upon him, he made himself acceptable to all,

and carried out the duties devolving upon him greatly to the

advantage of the Society: he received the well-merited and cordial

thanks of the Society for his services, and I trust he may long

remain among our numbers, to be welcomed by his friends, and

continue his entomological labours for the benefit of Science.

In the room of Mr. Douglas the Society has chosen Mr. Janson, a

gentleman well known to us all as possessing great talents as an

entomologist, and the qualifications of a good man of business, and

who will, I feel sure, well fill the post allotted to him. The Society

in electing Mr. Janson have done well.

It will be perceived, by referring to the Report of the Library and

Cabinet Committee, that progress is making in carrying out the

recommendation of the Committee, which was approved of by the

Council and adopted by the Society at the last anniversary: this

recommendation was to the effect that the foreign collection of

insects belonging to the Society be sold, all typical specimens having

been previously selected therefrom to be retained by the Society for

reference, if necessary. It is in the making of these selections that

some progress has been made, and yet much remains to be done, as

the operation is a work of some labour, and requiring research and

entomological knowledge to determine the specimens to be selected.

The Committee ask the aid of those members who can render

them assistance, and I trust their call will be responded to. Many

valuable additions have been made to the Library during the last.

year, and as the Library must be regarded by all as of great im-

portance to the welfare of the Society, it is to be hoped that no effort

will be spared to render it as complete as opportunity and our means

will afford. The additional spacé which will be available to the

Library when the foreign collection of insects is parted with will

materially assist in giving a better arrangement of the books, and

rendering them of more easy reference. A good Library must. be

looked upon as one of the best means which can be adopted for pro-

viding entomological information to our members; and to be of use

to the working entomologist, it should be supplied with books, espe-

cially periodicals, as soon after they are published as practicable:

this latter point requires attention, as the present method of sending

books to the Society from the Continent and other parts of the

world is often a tardy process, and, looking to the accelerated

means of transport now existing, it is clear that, by proper

arrangement, much time might be gained, and an earlier delivery

obtained.

In the ‘Transactions’ of the Society, published during the last

year, will be found papers by Messrs. Baly, Newman, Westwood,

Stainton, Lubbock and Pascoe.

My. Baly continues his descriptions of the Australian species of

Chrysomela and Phyllocharis, and gives us characters of twenty-two

hew species and six new sub-generic divisions.

Mr. Newman treats on two undescribed species of Thrips, viz.

Idolothrips Halidayi and Phleothrips Anacardii, and on the cha-

racters of a few Australian Lepidoptera collected by Mr. Thomas

Ri. Oxley: in this paper will be found descriptions of two new

genera, Bondia and Boydia, dedicated to two zealous Lepidopterists,

members of this Society, and of thirty new species.

Mr. Westwood contributes a paper on various species of the

family Pselaphide, in which will be found descriptions of sixteen

new species of this interesting family, illustrated with excellent

characteristic figures. He also furnishes a paper on the Australian

Lamellicorn genus Cryptodus, in which three new species are

described, and all the known species brought together, forming

a short monograph.

My. Stainton gives us descriptions of three species of Indian

Micro-Lepidoptera, and a paper on “ How the Onward Progress of

the Study of Entomology may be best furthered.”

Mr. Lubbock describes twenty-three new species of Entomostraca,

collected by Dr. Sutherland in the Atlantic Ocean, and supplies

figures in illustration of the specific differences.

Mr. Pascoe has a paper on various interesting Longicorns, giving

characters of six new genera and ‘sixteen new species.

It will be seen that the papers are on descriptive Entomology,

except one by Mr. Stainton, and that the other branches of Ento- ~

mology have not been touched upon, although such an extensive

eer S

field for investigation, and so full of interest, is open to ento-

mologists.

If we look to what has been done for the advance of Entomology

since the last anniversary, out of the Society, we must first turn to

the National Collection at the British Museum, where we shall find

great energy displayed, both in the publication of catalogues and in

the continual addition of specimens to a collection which I believe

to be unequalled for extent and richness. Feeling anxious to obtain

the best information on this subject, I requested my friend Dr. Gray

to give me a sketch of what had been doing in the collection under

his charge, and he has kindly furnished me with the following

details and observations. I give his report at length, rather than

make any extracts from it, as it contains important information

for entomologists, and I quite enter into Dr. Gray’s views as

to the great value and utility of the catalogues which have been

published.

“The following additions have been made to the National

Collection during the year :—

“Collection of insects from the banks of the Amazon, made by

Mr. Bates.

“Insects of Borneo and other Eastern Islands, collected by

Mr. Wallace and Captain Brooke.

“Insects from Hong Kong and Siam, collected and presented by

J. Bowring, Esq.

“Many fine insects from N. India.

* Insects from the banks of the Euphrates, collected and presented

by W. K. Loftus, Esq.

“Insects from Port Natal, collected by Messrs. Gueinzius and

Plant.

“ Insects of Moreton Bay, collected and presented by — Gibbons,

Esq.

“Insects and Crustacea of Australia, collected by Mr. Stutch-

bury.

“Tnsects and Crustacea of Fiji Islands, New Hebrides, &c.,

collected during the voyage of H.M.S. Herald.

“Insects of Mexico, collected by M. Sallé.

“Insects of Columbia, collected by the late Mr. Stevens, of

Bogota.

“ Collection of minute Coleoptera, named by Dr. Maerkel.

“Specimens of European Curculionide and other Coleoptera,

named by Schcenherr and Germar; presented by John Walton,

Esq.

“Type specimens of Diptera described by Mr. Walker in the

8rd vol. of the ‘ Insecta Britannica,’ and minute Diptera described by

M. Winnertz; presented by F. Walker, Esq.

“A series of parasites on bats, described and presented by Dr.

Kolenati. .

“Insects of Fiji Islands, New Hebrides, &c.; presented by Sir

John Liddell.

“The following entomological catalogues have been published

during the year :—

“ Mr. White: Catalogue of Longicorn Coleoptera.

* Professor Boheman, of Stockholm: Catalogue of Casside. List

of all the species and descriptions of new species which he discovered

(since the publication of his work in three volumes) in the British |

Museum and other English collections.

“ Mr. Smith: A Catalogue (illustrated with figures of the genera)

of Sphegide, Larridee and Crabronide.

“Mr. Walker: Catalogue of Sphingide.

“ Mr. Walker: Catalogue of Noctuide, two parts, with descriptions

of many new species. We may observe that the Museum collection

contains most of the European and exotic species described by

M. Guenée, and a large number of exotic species not known to that

author.

“ Mr. Walton: Catalogue of British Curculionide, with the verifi-

cation of the synonyms by actual comparison with Continental

specimens or the opinions of the Continental authors themselves,

from British specimens sent to them for examination.

“Mr. Desvignes: Catalogue of British Ichneumons, being the

first list of the species published from the examination of British

specimens, the lists hitherto published being only a copy of Graven-

horst’s species, indicating by some mark those which were thought to

be likely to inhabit this country.

“ There has been published also a second edition of Mr. Stephens’

List of British Lepidoptera, revised by Mr. Stainton and Mr. Shep- —

herd, and a second edition of the Myriapoda, by the late Mr. New-

port.

“ The collection is every day increasing in value, from the number

of original types which are being collected together by that institu-

tion; this number being also daily increased by the publication of

the catalogues, which renders all the specimens now existing in the

collection, as the catalogues appear, to be type specimens of the

species indicated or described in these catalogues. I consider them,

and this is the light in which they are regarded by many zoologists

both here and abroad, as one of the most important contributions to

zoological science, and as being the nearest approach to a ‘ Systema

Nature’ that can at the present time be undertaken. The best men

that can be procured, each working on the subject which he best

knows, having at his command the largest and best arranged collec-

tion of all classes in Europe, and access to almost every work that

has been published on the Science. They are not only labours of

love, but works for which each author gets all the credit of his exer-

tions, as the name of the author is always given, and he is encouraged

to do his best and not hurry the work, by being paid a fair remu-

neration for his labour.”

The Society having resolved, at the last anniversary, to give up

their collection of foreign insects, as before alluded to, the National

Collection is now the chief and only really available one which ento-

mologists have to refer to, and, looking upon it in this light, as well

as that of its permanent character, while private collections may be

said to be evanescent, I think it desirable that all lovers of our

Science should do all in their power to make the National Collection

as complete as possible, and there especially to deposit typical speci-

mens, for the benefit of students in Entomology. I feel deeply the

necessity of private collections to the working entomologist, and my

_ observations must not be thought in any way to be directed against

them: my only wish has been to call your attention to the claims the

National Collection has upon us for our aid and assistance, as far as

practicable. It would be a great boon to the entomologist if the col-

lection now under consideration could be opened once a week, or once

even every fortnight, during the evening, for a great many entomolo-

gists are occupied during the day in business, and are almost pre-

cluded from making any use of its treasures: what difficulties may

be in the way of obtaining this result I do not know, but I feel sure

_ those who have charge of the collection have every desire to render

it as useful as possible to Science.

In the newly enlarged ‘Journal of Proceedings of the Linnean

Society’ will be found a series of papers by Francis Walker,

on the Diptera and Homoptera collected by Mr. Wallace in the Malay

Peninsular of Borneo. These papers contain descriptions of various

new genera and of new species to a considerable amount. The

journal also contains a “Notice of a Poisonous Spider of New

Zealand,” by Thomas Ralph; ‘‘Some Observations on a supposed

Species of Pelopseus,’ by E. Newman; “The Natural History of

the Glowworm,’ by the late George Newport; ‘“ Description

of a new Species of Paussus from Western Africa,” ‘Notice of

the Borer, a Caterpillar very injurious to the Sugar-cane,” and

“Notes on Insects producing Wax, from Port Natal and China,”

by J. O. Westwood; “Notice of a Specimen of Insect and Wax

from China,” by D. Hanbury; “On a New Organ of Insects,” by

J. B. Hicks, M.D.; ‘“ Remarks on some Habits of Argyroneta

aquatica,’ by Thomas Bell.

In the ‘Annals of Natural History’ the following papers ap-

pear :—‘ Descriptions of three new Species of Araneida,” by John

Blackwall; “ On the British Diastylide,”’ by C. Spence Bate,

with three plates in illustration of these small anomalous Crusta-

ceans; “ Monograph of the genus Catops,” by Andrew Murray:

sixty-three species are described and fifty-six outline figures are

given: the paper concludes with the description of a new genus

allied to Catops called Caloptrichus.

- In the pages of the ‘ Zoologist,’ beside the numerous interesting

observations on the kabits and localities of British insects which

usually are to be found in this publication, is a paper by the

Rey. Hamlet Clark, M.A., giving a “ Synonymic List of the Species

of British Philhydrida;” also papers on “ Entomological Botany,”

by H. T. Stainton; “A List of British Eupithecia, with Notes on

some of the Species,” by H. Doubleday; “On the manner in which

Vespa rufa builds its Nest,’ by I’. Smith; ‘Notes on the Genus

Haliplus,” by J. A. Power, M.D.; “On Crustacea new to the

British Fauna,” by R. Q. Couch, with outline figures: the species

described are Axius sterynchus, Mysis Oberon and M. Lamorne.

The ‘Natural History Review’ contains papers by A. H. Hali-

day :—“‘ On the Affinities of the Aphaniptera among Insects ;”

“Descriptions of the Larve of Ochthebius punctatus and Diglossa —

Mersa;” “Notice on Larve infesting the Horns of Oreas Canna,”

with a plate; ‘“ Notice of two Irish Dipterous Insects;” ‘“ Remarks

on Moths which cause destruction in Granaries,” by J. Haughton,

jun.; and other entomological information.

Mr. Hewitson has concluded his first volume of Exotic Lepi-

doptera, and I am happy to state that, notwithstanding the great

labour such a work entails upon him, he has been persuaded to go on

with a second volume, which I have no doubt will be as well worthy

of praise as the first. The editing of the Exotic Lepidoptera is

such a work of love with Mr. Hewitson, that his labours cannot fail

of being acceptable to all who are interested in the study of the

Lepidoptera. The plates are unequalled for fidelity and beauty of

finish, and treating as the work does almost entirely of new species,

the entomologist sees before him in its pages a life-like repre-

sentation of most of the finer forms of Lepidoptera which have been

lately received from collectors, and done so much to enrich our

cabinets.

The exertions of Mr. Stainton to render the study of British

Entomology more popular is deserving of notice and praise. He

has devoted the pages of a weekly periodical to this purpose, and,

under the name of the ‘Intelligencer,’ has opened a rapid means

of communication between entomologists, and much information

regarding the habits, economy, and the localities of insects especially,

has been spread far and wide. The ‘Intelligencer’ was only con-

tinued during the summer months, and had a very extensive cir-

culation. It will be resumed again, I understand, when the season

opens for entomological exertions in the field.

With the same view, Mr. Stainton publishes another ‘ Entomolo-

gist’s Annual,’ with a good plate and much useful information.

The work is published very cheaply, so as to give it a wide cir-

culation : it contains “ Observations on the Aculeate Hymenoptera,”

by F. Smith; “Synopsis of British Dragon-Flies,’ by Dr. Hagan;

“Notes on British Geodephaga,’ by Mr. Dawson; ‘‘ New British

Species of Coleoptera and Observations on the Myrmecophilous

Coleoptera,’ by Mr. Janson; ‘‘ New Species of British Lepidoptera

in 1856,” by Mr. Stainton; “How Insects Breathe,” by Mr. Lub-

bock ; and other minor matters of interest.

The ‘Educational Sheet of Butterflies’; “a cheap set of figures

of British Lepidoptera for the use of schools and beginners,”

published also by Mr. Stainton, being another step in the popular

move, requires a notice, as the figures are well executed and

very characteristic. The method of teaching through the eye is

good, if the representations of objects are faithful, and the idea of

such good and cheap figures as are given by Mr. Stainton deserves

praise: in the sheet under consideration there are twenty-seven

figures of Lepidoptera for the small sum of twopence.

My. Stainton’s ‘Manual of British Butterflies and Moths’ is

likely to be a good and cheap assistant to any one studying

the Lepidoptera of these Islands. Such a work was much wanted,

and when completed will detail the author’s views on the nomen-

clature of our species, which are somewhat at variance with those

of other authors who have treated on the Lepidoptera.

The ‘ World of Insects,’ by Mr. Douglas, is a work conceived in

the same spirit as those of Mr. Stainton, just noticed, and contains a

great variety of information on insects generally, conveyed in such a

pleasing and popular way as likely to make Entomology agreeable

to the world at large, and to induce many to look more deeply into

Entomology as a charming pursuit, capable of giving much mental

pleasure.

Here should also be mentioned Mr. Shield’s ‘ Practical Hints

respecting Moths and Butterflies, with Notices of their Localities ;’

a little work full of information on the subject of the Lepidoptera,

and very useful to any one who wishes to become a good collector

of our butterflies and moths.

In the same series of popular works, the ‘ Substitute’ also ranks:

it is a weekly paper, looking very like a continuation of the

‘Intelligencer,’ but by another editor, whose name has not transpired.

It is published professedly as a “substitute” for the ‘ Intelligencer,’

and will be discontinued when the latter paper again resumes its

place. It contains, like the ‘ Intelligencer,’ much information on

the localities, habitats, &e. of British insects.

Mr. Wollaston’s ‘Treatise on the Variation of Species, with

especial reterence to the Insecta,’ is a work of no ordinary merit.

It is an excursion, if I may say so, into a new field of entomological

research, well treated, philosophical, and with many valuable facts

bearing on the science of Entomology, and especially that much-

neglected branch of the study of insects, namely, their geographical

distribution, and the changes effected in species by the various

differences of habitat, food, temperature, light, and other circum-

stances. Mr. Wollaston’s work should be carefully read by all

entomologists, those who study specific differences especially.

Mr. Dallas’s ‘ Popular Introduction to Entomology’ is pro-

gressing, and when finished will be found a useful and readable

volume. Mr. Dallas’s capabilities as an entomologist are well

known, and he will, doubtless, conduct his labour so as to pro-

duce a work which will be both popular, and, at the same time,

scientific.

There are many works for young people, especially on the subject

of Entomology, containing so-called instruction, which is worse than

useless, leading the reader altogether astray and filling the mind with

false ideas and wrong impressions. It is only quite recently that a

little work was given to one of my children, beautified with green

and gold externally, published by Darton and Co., Holborn Hill,

and called ‘ Natural History; or, a Short Introduction to Animated

Nature.’ The arrangement of the subjects treated is very remark-

able among the insects; the spider being placed next the flea; the

bug next the woodlouse, and then comes the arborescent water-flea,

which is followed by the scorpion, centipede and leach: further on

we find earwig, ephemera and butterfly, in consecutive order, and the

common fly placed between the Ichneumon fly and the ant. The

article Insects is illustrated with two plates; the second containing

five figures, three of which are wrong: two Diptera are given

as representations of the bee, and a third Dipterous insect is called

“wasp.” A good and cheap popular introduction to insects is

surely much wanted.

The Entomological Society of London has now been established .

twenty-two years; the first General Meeting having taken place on

the 22nd of May, 1834. It has, during this period, brought out

eight volumes of ‘Transactions,’ and done other good service to the

cause of Entomology, of which it may be proud; but still in these

moving times when more is expected of men than heretofore, and

Science is looked upon, not merely as a dry system of facts classed

and well arranged, but as aiding and assisting in the various labours

of the bulk of mankind, the Society must render itself useful to be

valued by the public. Taking this view of the case, and in no way

wishing to see a discontinuation of the valuable papers on descrip-

tive Entomology, so many of which will be found in our ‘ Transactions,’

IT am anxious to direct the attention of our members to the import-

ance of attending more to the natural-history of insects ; their habits

and economy; their bearing upon man, as injuries effected or

beneficial results produced; to show, in fact, that the entomologist

is capable of working for the good of those around him. This

branch of Entomology will be found to possess peculiar charms,

drawing the student into the fields, and there, with the great book of

Nature open before him, he will find much to interest, much to

observe, much to instruct, and he will, moreover, with observations,

well directed, be able to bring home a store of knowledge useful to

himself and his fellow-men.

I cannot conclude, without offering to the officers of the Society

and the members at large my best thanks for the kindness I have

experienced at their hands during the last year, and proffering

my best wishes for the prosperity of the Hntomological Society and

the advance of that Science to which I have been so many years

devotedly attached.

Keport of the Library and Cabinet Committee, received and adopted

by the Council, January, 1857.

WE beg to report the Collections and Library remain in good preservation;

while the important additions made to the latter renders it necessary that

additional book-cases should be provided.

The selection of the type specimens from the Collection of Exotic Insects,

with the view of preparing the remainder for sale, as recommended by this

Committee in their Report of last year, and approved by the Council and

Society at the Anniversary Meeting, has been proceeded with, and many of

them were drawn from the Collection; great difficulty is, however, experienced

in this task, and we most earnestly solicit the assistance of those Members who

may be conversant with the various groups and orders, so as to insure the

preservation to the Society of all the types extant in the Collection, feeling

that, without such aid, it will be impossible to guarantee that all type specimens

have been selected.

(Signed)

W. WILSON SAUNDERS, President.

J. W. DOUGLAS.

FRANCIS P. PASCOE.

FREDERICK SMITH.

EDWIN SHEPHERD.

Abstract of the Treasurer's Accounts for 1856.

RECEIPTS.

By Balance on hand, January 1, 1856 — .cecsscsscecceceeeseesseensanecseces

» Arrears of Subscriptions Lalddsteaea ots laced vualuee cuties siedelactaten

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» Cash of Mr. Lubbock, share in paper — ...ssccseseesseceecteevececeseoey

PAYMENTS.

To paid arrears for 1855:—Mr. Smith, for Plates ......... £4 10

Mr. Westwood, for Plates...... 4 0

Messrs. Roworth, for Printing 10 3

Mir. Dunn, f6r Oi) \. ccccpunssves ye

Mr. Yates, for printing Plates 2 16

Rent to Christmas, 1856 ...... 20 0 0

Rent to: Midsummer last.:two Quarters :..cc.ssscsssccccseteessasmenars

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Assets.

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Ditto, doubtful £18 18 0

Add balance in hand ...... 85 14 92

£96 4 92

Less Accounts due at Xmas. 52 0 O

True Balance in favour of

the Society .......0000.£44 4 92

February 2, 1857.

H. T. Stainton, Esq., V.P., in the chair.

The Secretary read a letter from the President of the Society, W. Wilson Saun-

ders, Esq. (who was absent through indisposition), in which he nominated as Vice-

Presidents for the year Dr. J. E. Gray, H. T. Stainton, Esq., and T. V. Wollaston,

Esq.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

donors : —‘ Memoirs of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Madrid, Natural Sciences,

Tome ii. Part I.; Physical Sciences, Tome i. Part I.; presented by the Academy. ‘ Exo-

tic Butterflies’ Part XXI.; by W. W. Saunders, Esq., F.R.S. ‘ Proceedings of the

Zoological Society, Nos. 310—313 inclusive; by the Society. ‘ Monograph of the

Genus Catops, by Andrew Murray, Member of the Royal Physical Society of Edin-

burgh, &c.; by the Author. ‘The Natural History Review,’ 1857, No.1; by the Dub-

lin University Zoological Association. ‘ Bibliotheca Historico-Naturalis, Vol. v. Part

II.; by the Editor, Herr Ernst A. Zuckold. ‘ List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous

Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, by Francis Walker, Esq., F.L.S.,

Part X. Noctuide; by the Author. ‘The Zoologist’ for February; by the Editor.

‘The Literary Gazette’ for January; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society of

Arts’ for January; by the Society. ‘A Manual of British Butterflies and Moths,

No. 12; ‘Elements of Entomology, No. 5; ‘ The Substitute, Nos. 12—15; by H.T.

Stainton, Esq.

Election of a Subscriber.

C.J. Biggs, Esq., of Blenheim Cottages, South Hackney, was balloted for and

elected a Subscriber to the Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Stevens exhibited some beautiful Lepidoptera, which had lately arrived in this

country, taken by Mr. Bates in the Upper Amazons; and observed that although the

box containing them had been despatched by Mr, Bates in July last, from Ega, more

than 1500 miles from the mouth of the Amazon, yet the insects were in the most ex-

cellent condition. Of these he called attention to Callithea Batesii, and to a splen-

did undescribed species, closely resembling it in colour and markings, but presenting

a striking difference in the form of the club of the antenne ; also to the extraordinary

dissimilarity in the sexes of a beautiful species of Epicalia, and to a fine female

Agtias, probably the female of A. Phalcidon, Hewitson. In the box were also a fine

series of Erycinide, and some remarkable species of Tortrices and Tinex, being the

first specimens of these two last-named families which have reached this country from

that far-distant locality.

Mr. Janson exhibited specimens of Bledius unicornis, Germar, from the collections

of Messrs. Parfitt and Wollaston, and read the following notes :—

“T beg to exhibit Bledius hispidus, Parfitt (Zool. 5409), the pair from which Mr.

Parfitt drew up his description, and which he has obligingly transmitted me for exa-

mination. This is the insect alluded to by Mr. Westwood at the October Meeting of

the Society; and I must express my regret and surprise that the information supplied

by Mr. Westwood should have induced Mr. Parfitt to describe it as a new species,

when it has been well figured, some thirty years since, by Germar in ‘ Fauna Insecto-

rum Europe,’ fas. xii. tab. 3, and unmistakeably described by Dr. Erichson in his

‘ Genera et Species Staphylinorum,’ both of which standard works doubtless grace the

shelves of Mr. Westwood’s splendid entomological library. Complaint is frequently

made that the entomologists of this country, satisfied with determining their insects

from named collections, never or seldom refer to books, and that thus error is perpe-

tuated. But if those occupying the foremost rank in our Science, with every facility

at their command, evince such manifest disinclination to consult books, what can be

expected of those who are deprived of these facilities? I would enjoin, at all events,

those who, prefixing an asterisk to their names in the authorized ‘ List of Entomolo-

gists,’ proclaim themselves teachers, to bear steadfastly in mind the hackneyed adage,

‘ Example is better than precept.’

“T may perhaps be permitted to adduce the present insect as a proof of the disin-

clination to furnish, if not actual disposition to conceal, that information which all

must be very well aware is of primary importance to the successful accomplishment of

the task which I have undertaken, of drawing up a Synonymic List of the British Co-

leoptera, and which, I regret to state, has been most unmistakeably evinced by those

who were most clamorous for the publication of that List, the most invective at the

delay in its appearance, and, above all, by those who had promised me their hearty

and unreserved co-operation, for which I pledged myself they should have at least the

full share of credit, and, failing which, I should certainly not have entered on that

arduous, and, I must admit, now odious, task. Of the insect now exhibited Mr. Par-

fitt captured five individuals, of which he presented three to London entomologists ;

yet when preparing my notice of new species for this year’s ‘ Annual’ I was unable to

ascertain anything relative to the ‘ new British Bledius;’ and had not Mr. Parfitt

consented to commit his only pair (and which, as the types of his description, were

very valuable to him) to the ruthless custody of the post-office, I should not even now

have been able to bring under your notice the following illustration of the fate which

appears to be the almost inevitable attendant on the ascertained indigenousness of a

species, namely, condemnation to trail evermore behind it an unsightly, trouble-giving

train of synonyms. The nomenclature of the present insect will now stand thus :—

Bledius unicornis, Germar, Erichson, Gen. et Spec. Staph. vii. 764, 7 (1840).

Oxytelus unicornis, Germar, Fauna Insect. Europ. fas. xii. f. 3 (1828).

Bledius hispidus, Parfitt, Zovlogist, 5409 (1857).

Bledius cornutus, Ff. Smith, in litteris.

Hence it is seen that a species universally recognised abroad during upwards of a

quarter of a century, well figured and admirably described, is no sooner found in Bri-

tain than, in a few short weeks, it is shackled with two synonyms,—a fact which cer-

tainly reflects no credit on the entomologists of this country, and which cannot tend

to augment the respect of our Continental brethren, or to raise Entomology from the

low level in the scale of the Sciences which she is doubtless doomed to occupy until

her votaries consent to devote some share of that shrewdness and zeal which they so

conspicuously manifest in the acquisition of specimens to the arrival at and adoption

of a correct and legitimate nomenclature, and the higher objects to which collections

should be subservient, and to which this is assuredly the true prelude. In conclusion,

I will observe that Bledius unicornis was captured by Mr. Wollaston at the Chesil

Bank and Exmouth Warrens several years back, and that I long since thus designated

the specimens in that gentleman’s collection.”

Read the following, by Mr. Newman :—

Note on Pairs of Species of British Lepidoptera which are Heterocampous and Isomyious.

“T have endeavoured to prove that Nature has a tendency to assimilate, in the

external characters of the adult, certain beings, which, in the earlier, or, as we may

express it, preparatory stages of their existence, have little or no apparent similarity to

each other. Such assimilations, when they do occur, are always in pairs, and familiar

examples will occur to every one in the placental and marsupial sucklers, the hesthoge-

nous and gyinogenous birds, the metamorphotic and immutable reptiles, the vivipa-

rous and spawning fishes. Descending from larger to smaller groups, we find

such pairs becoming still more pronounced, and the supposed law or principle still

more strikingly exhibited. It has occurred to me that such a law or principle cannot

be partial: if it exist in Nature it must be general, and must descend even to species.

After a moment’s reflection it struck me, further, that the European, and perhaps

even the British, Lepidoptera might afford a ready means of testing the value of my

theory. I argued to myself that if such pairs existed in Europe they must be known

to a Guenée; if in Britain they must be familiar to a Doubleday, a Shepherd or a

Douglas. Both on the Continent and in Britain, Lepidoptera have been studied with

a perseverance and a success that has far outstripped the results arising from atten-

tion to any other insects; bees, ichneumons, Brachelytra, Khynchophora, although the

objects of especial research, are literally unknown in comparison with our indigenous

Lepidoptera, and this principally because Lepidoptera are studied in all their stages,

the others only in one: the study of Macro-Lepidoptera has becume deeply philoso-

phical ; that of other insects at present remains comparatively superficial. Hence I

can only appeal to the lepidopterist: the general (another term for the superficial)

entomologist cannot comprehend my drift. Let a lepidopterist open his breeding-

cages, and exhibit to a general entomologist the larve of Acronycta Psi and A. tridens

(to him ‘ familiar as housebold words’), of Calocampa vetusta and C. exoleta; and

let the lepidopterist tell the entomologist that these four larve produce two pairs of

moths, of which the individuals composing each pair are so similar that he (the ento-

mologist), with all his knowledge, with all his book-learning, could not distinguish

between them; that it required the utmost subtlety in the eye of the lepidopterist

himself to distinguish them, and defied the powers of his pen to differentiate them:

the entomologist would simply exhort the lepidopterist to greater care in his observa-

tions, and caution him against adopting theories which could not be supported by an

appeal to Nature; the entomologist, in the most friendly spirit, would point out the

differences of form and structure in the larve ; would probably select Psi and tridens;

would call the lepidopterist’s particular attention to the dorsal column on the larva of —

—— Ve

Psi, absent altogether from tridens; and, indulging benignantly in improving plati-

tudes about general principles, affinity and analogy, extended range of observations,

and so forth, would probably leave the bewildered lepidopterist under the idea that

there was something, some unknown property, in Science that entirely superseded

truth and fact, and that was far beyond the reach of his limited capacity. To goa

step further, if the lepidopterist pertinaciously adhered to the truth, and exhibited the

perfect insects of Psi and tridens, then the entomologist would infallibly turn on his

heel, ‘ more in sorrow than in anger,’ and leave the lepidopterist in his error, con-

vinced that it was useless to argue with one whose ignorance was so ‘crass.’ In all

_ this the lepidopterist is right; he has assiduously worked mines of knowledge, the very

existence of which are unknown to the entomologist. Even in our British Lepidoptera

there are numbers of pairs which require the most highly educated eye to separate them

correctly. Let the inquiry be instituted; and from this inquiry must be eliminated

in toto all questionable species, all instances of abnormal form and colour; all sea-

sonal, climatal, altitudinal, latitudinal, geographical, geological or other acknowledged

sources of yariation ; all second generations in the same year: those natural witnesses

only should be examined which, living on the same spots, at the same time, and under

the same conditions, originate from different eggs, differ totally in the larva, and ap-

proach almost to identity in the imago. I think it is absolutely impossible to exa-

mine a rich collection of British Lepidoptera without being struck with the constant

recurrence of such pairs. I will cite a few examples.

Argynnis Adippe and A. Aglaia Teniocampa Populeti and T. instabilis

Argynnis Selene and A. Euphrosyne

Sesia bombyliformis and S. fuciformis

Anthrocera Lonicere and A. Trifolii

Procris Statices and P. Globularie

Lithosia complana and L. complanula

Porthesia auriflua and P. chrysorrhea

Clisivcampa neustria and C. castrensis

Glea Vaccinii and G. spadicea

Dianthecia capsincola and D. Cucubali

Xylina petrificata and X. semibrunnea

Calocampa exoleta and C. vetusta

Cucullia Scrophulariz and C. Lychnitis

Catocala promissa and C. sponsa

Brephos Parthenias and B. notha

Notodonta dictwa and N. dicteoides

Acronycta Psi and A. tridens

Caradvina blanda and C. Alsines

Tephrosia crepuscularia and T. lavicaria

Ypsipetes ruberaria and Y. impluviaria

Cheimatobia dilutaria and C. autumnaria

I have a list of seventy-four other pairs ; but these are sufficient for my purpose, and

I think it will be difficult to explain away their teaching. I have already anticipated

some objections: I will allude to others. It is said, in the instance of Psi and tridens,

that on the North-American continent four, that is two pairs, of Acronycte exist which

approach our British ones so closely that a complete series is thus established ; there

is also a solitary European species, cuspis, which seems to be allied to all the others.

These facts do not appear to me to militate against the view I have taken of the pre-

valence of pairs: perhaps one of the North-American pairs may be identical with our

Psi and tridens, and the other pair quife distinct ; but I learn that no pains have been

yet taken to distinguish the larve of these species: the continental cuspis standing

somewhat isolated is no objection, as I do not say that all species are associated in

pairs, but only that some are so. Again, I cannot admit the doctrine of chance, that

the correspondence between two species is a mere matter of accident. Finally, to

the question of the general entomologist, ‘Are these pairs really composed of two

distinct species?’ I reply that this is established beyond all question by the difference

of the larve.”

Mr. Stainton observed that this theory of pairs would be completely upset if the

list were extended to European Lepidoptera, as there would be found in many instances

Continental species quite as closely allied to the pairs mentioned as these British spe-

cies are to each other.

Mr. Westwood said that he had heard, for the first time, a theory proposed, capa-

ble, as was asserted, of being tested by the productions of a limited geographical range

like Great Britain. He had supposed it to be generally admitted that a knowledge

both of existing and extinct forms was requisite for the proposition of natural laws.

Was it intended that in each country throughout the world these double species should

occur? Was it only in the Lepidoptera they were to be looked for? Was it intended

that each species should be thus divided, as it were, into two sub-species? Moreover,

in the instances cited, it was evident Mr. Newman had adduced relations of analogy,

supposing them those of affinity. No one could support such a theory. Was it

intended that each species should be attended by another species intimately allied to

it? No one ever doubted sucha principle. In the opening part of his paper Mr.

Newman had alluded to the binary divisions of the highest groups, such as Vertebrata

and Invertebrata, Ptilota and Aptera, &c.; but in the latter part he had confused

these relations (vague as they often were) with the closest pussible affinity that could

exist in Nature, exclusive, of course, of that between individuals of the same species.

Mr. Lubbock considered that binary divisions in classification resulted from the

convenience arising to classifiers, and not from any law of Nature, and that the “pairs”

mentioned by Mr. Newman could only prove that each species has some one other

species more nearly allied to it than are the rest of its congeners.

New Crimean Carabus.

Mr. Douglas read the following paper, intituled ‘ Characters of an apparently unde-

scribed Crimean Carabus, taken by Lieutenant Thomas Blakiston, of the Royal Artil-

lery ; by Mr. Newman :’— :

ss “ CarnaBus Buiaxistoni, Newman.

“ Niger, prothoracis elytrorumque marginibus chalybeo-purpureis : prothorax fere

quadratus, lateribus subconvexis paullo dilatatis, paullo reflexis, marginibus

antico et postico excavatis, angulis posticis paullo productis, dorso scabro ine-

quali: scutellum reconditum : elytris latis, amplis, convexis, utroque 13striato,

spatioque laterali intus marginem reflecum scabro, striis profunde punctis, inter-

spatiis elevatis carineformibus, 3tic, 7mo, 1lmoque foveis nonnullis magnis

interruptis, (Corp. long. 1°2 unc. elytrorum lat *55 unc.)

“ Colour black, slightly shining, with a steel-blue tint in the furrow, caused by the

reflexed margin of prothorax and elytra. The prothorax is almost square, the lateral

margins slightly convex, slightly dilated ang® slightly reflexed, the anterior margin

concave, its angles rounded, the posterior margin also concave, each of its angles pro-

duced into an obtuse tooth. Scutellum hidden. Elytra ample, convex, each with 13

deeply and regularly punctured striz, the interspaces distinct, elevated and shining :

they are entire, with the exception of the 3rd, 7th and 11th, counting from the suture, —

and each of these is interrupted by 7 or 8 large deep fovex. |

“Taken in the Crimea, by Lieutenant Thomas Blakiston, of the Royal Artillery,

an officer whose exertions in the cause of Natural History are above all praise, and

whose admirable papers on the birds of the Crimea are now in course of publication

in the ‘ Zoologist.’ The specimens will be placed in the cabinet of the British Mu-

seum, with the fine series of Russian Carabi, with which they have been already care-

fully compared.”

Mr. Waterhouse hoped this insect had been very carefully compared with closely

allied species, to ascertain if really new, befure venturing to describe it under a new

name. He considered such descriptions no advancement to Science.

Mr. Wollaston observed that some time since he had discovered, by a mere acci-

dent, that black lacquered pins would not corrode when used to pin insects liable to

grease, and that Mr. Bond had also used them with an equally satisfactory result.

Mr. Baly had received some ants from Vienna impaled with varnished pins; none of

these had corroded, although, as was well known, no insects were more likely to cause

corrosion than ants.

Mr. Stainton remarked that lacquered pins had for some time past been in very

general use in Germany, and, he believed, were found to answer the desired end.

Mr. Westwood made some observations on mouldiness in insects, and referred to

a communication, read at a Meeting of the Society a few years back, on the difficulty

or impossibility of preserving entomological specimens in some parts of North Ame-

rica, owing, as was alleged, to everything preserved in closely shut receptacles

becoming covered with mould during certain states of the atmosphere. In contradic-

tion of this statement Mr. Westwood observed that the North-American insects

collected by Dr. Abbott reached this country in most admirable order.

Mr. Wollaston said he could not keep insects in Madeira shut up in boxes, even

for a month, without becoming covered with mould; nothing would prevent it but

constant exposure to the air. He believed this was more likely to occur in small

islands than far inland.

Mr. Walker read a paper entitled ‘Characters of undescribed Diptera in the Col-

lection of W. W. Saunders, Esq.’

March 2, 1857.

W. Witson Saunpers, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

donors: —‘ The Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England,’ Vol. xvii. Part 2 ;

presented by the Society. ‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society,’ Vol. viii. Nos. 23 and

24; by the Society. ‘ Entomologische Zeitung,’ 17th Annual Part (1856), and Nos.

11 and 12 for November and December of the same year; ‘ Linnea Entomologica,

Vol. xi. ; by the Entomological Society of Stettin. ‘ Monographia Cassididarum, auc-

tore Carolo H. Boheman, Tomus tertius; by the author. ‘ Anniversary Address deli-

vered to the Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club, at Berwick, January 30th, 1856, by

Robert Embleton, Surgeon, President ;’ by the Club. ‘ Nouvelles Considerations sur

la Nidification des Guépes,’ par H. De Saussure; by the Author. ‘ Uber eine neue

Fliegengattung: Raymondia, aus der Familie der Coriaceen, nebst Beschreibung

Zweier Arten derselben, Von Georg Frauenfeld ; by the Author. ‘The Zoologist’ for

March; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for March; by the

Editor. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for March; by the Editor. ‘The Atheneum’ for

January; by the Editor. ‘Elements of Entomology, No.6; ‘A Manual of British

Butterflies and Moths,’ No. 13; ‘The Substitute,’ Nos. 16—19; by H. T. Stainton,

Esq. ‘Revue et Magasin de Zovlogie, 1856, No. 12; 1857, No. 1; by the Editor,

M. F. E. Guérin-Méneville. A cabinet containing British and foreign insects; by

T. F. Dillon Croker, Esq.

Election of a Member.

T. F. Dillon Croker, Esq., F.G.S., of 6, Strand, was balloted for, and elected a

Member of the Society.

Exhibitions,

Mr. Wallace exhibited two specimens of Laphygma exigua, bred from eggs laid

by a female taken in the Isle of Wight, in July last; and read the following descrip-

tion of the larve :—

“Pinkish brown on the back, pinkish yellow underneath; a row of black spots

down the back, two rows on each side, between which are white spiracles, or rather a

darker ground than that outside the rows of black spots; head and tail greenish.

Length, when full-grown, about l inch. Fed on plantain, remaining during the day

rolled up in the leaves or roots. The eggs were laid about July 18, and hatched in

three weeks; larve full-fed about September 12; and the perfect insects now exhi-

bited emerged October 20.”

Mr. Douglas exhibited some small Jepidopterous larve found at the roots of grass.

He stated that he had lately taken a number of larve and Coleoptera, especially

Stapbylinide, in marshy ground at Hammersmith, by cutting off grass below the sur-

face of the ground, and shaking it over a sheet of paper. Great numbers of insects

appear to hybernate in such situations. Amongst the Coleoptera thus taken were

several specimens of the rare Anchomenus Thoreyi.

Mr. Stevens exhibited some drawings of larve of Natal Lepidoptera, made by Mr.

R. W. Plant, and also the perfect insects bred from the larve represented, amongst

which were several fine species of Bombyces and a new species of Acrea, the larva of

which was represented armed with long, branched spines, and is interesting from the

fact of the larve of this genus having hitherto been unknown.

Mr. Were read the following, by Mr. Newman, exhibiting the specimen described :—

Remarkable Variety of Arctia Caja.

“Sex male. Head, antennae, tippets and abdomen have the normal colouring ;

all the other parts and colours abnormal; the prothorax, mesothorax, fore wings and

entire disk of the hind wings an uniform brown, of that character which is frequently

—

called mouse-coloured ; there is not the slightest trace of the four colours (velvety

umber-brown, cream-colour, intense purple-black and bright red) which usually adorn

this beautiful insect; at the base of the hind-wings and along the abdominal margin

are long, hair-like scales, of the normal red colour; beneath, the same uniform mouse-

colour pervades the entire surface of the wings, except the base of the hind-wings,

which is paler, and has the same long, red hairs which I have described on their upper

surface. The wing-rays are remarkably prominent, and appear of a darker brown than

the interspaces ; but this apparent difference of colour I attribute solely to their pro-

minence.”

Mr. Westwood exhibited a large larva (apparently of a Sphinx) preserved in spirits.

The species is said to cause great injury to the maize crops on the Parenia River, in

South America. He also exhibited a Nonagria, from the collection of Mr. Wollas-

ton, the larva of which is very injurious to the sugar-cane in Madeira. Mr. West-

wood observed that this insect is quite distinct from the species which damages the

cane in the West Indies, which latter was originally introduced from Ceylon. —

; Structure of the Tarsi in Insects.

Mr. Westwood exhibited an extremely minute species of Coleopterous insect, of

which several specimens were captured in the Island of Madeira by T. V. Wollas-

ton, Esq., who had placed them in his hands for examination. The species be-

longed to the same small group as the genus Orthoperus of Stephens, and several

other minute genera illustrated in Mr. Wollaston’s ‘ Insecta Madeirensia, all of which

were interesting on account of the structure of their tarsi. After referring to the ad-

ditional interest attaching to the study of the modifications of structure of insects, or

indeed of any other tribe of animals, consequent upon the investigation of homolo-

gies and the tracing of various structures to some normal type, Mr. Westwood referred

to the modifications in the structure of the tarsi of Coleopterous insects, which he con-

sidered typically to consist of five joints ; it was consequently interesting to know how

one or other of these joints became lost in certain beetles whose tarsi possessed fewer

than five joints, and whether this loss was effected either by the absolute want of a

joist, or by its existence, in a coalesced state, with one or other of the existing joints.

The great division of pseudotetramerous Coleoptera was then referred to by Mr. West-

wood, who considered it an excellent and natural division, sufficient of itself to prove

the excellence of the tarsal system. This division contains the great mass of vege-

table-feeding insects, consisting of the three great families of Longicorns (Cerambyx,

Linn.), with a long body and long, straight antenne; the weevils (Curculio, Zinn.),

with a short body and generally elbowed antenne; and the Phytophagous beetles

(Chrysomela, Linn.), with a short body and short, straight antenne. The intimate

connexion between the families Curculionide and Chrysomelide was proved by such

genera as those described by Lacordaire, as Phytophagous; and by Schonherr, as

Curculionideous; as well as by Carpophagus and Rhebus; whilst the connexion be-

tween the Longicorns and Chrysomelide was effected by the Australian genus belong-

ing to the Acrocerides, but having entirely the appearance of the Lepturides, as well as

by Donacia and its allies. All these insects, from the nature of ther mode of life on

plants, require a firm footing, and their tarsi are consequently dilated, and furnished

beneath with pads. This is the case with the three basal joints; but the fourth joint,

either on account of the large size of the three preceding joints, or in order to

strengthen the terminal claw-joint, was of a very small size, and was generally sol-

dered to the base of the claw-joint. Here, then, could be no doubt that the fourth

joint was becoming, as it were, obliterated; so that it would be easy to conceive a

pseudotetramerous insect in which the soldering of the two terminal joints had be-

come so close that all trace of the articulation would be lost; and if this occurred

simultaneously with the narrowing of the basal joints we should have before us the

hind-foot of a heteromerous insect. The insect under examination presented a dif-

ferent mode of the gradual top of a joint. The tarsi consisted of a short joint, rather

swollen at the base of the foot, having several bristles placed obliquely at its extremity

beneath. This is followed by a long, simple joint, obliquely truncated at its tip, with

several bristles inserted obliquely at its extremity beneath, and having a very indis-

tinct trace of articulation across the middle; it is nevertheless, however, furnished on

the under side, at the point where this central articulation shonld take place, with one

or two fine bristles, like those at the extremity of the basal joint. There then follows

a small but distinct joint, at the end of which the long claw-joint is fixed. Here,

therefore, the apparent loss in the number of joints was caused by the soldering toge-

ther of the second and third normal joints. In its general form, and the number of

joints and form of the antenna, the insect is closely allied to the genus Orthoperus ;

there are, however, certain modifications of structure in the palpi which require fur-

ther examination before we can definitely refer the insect to thatgenus. It was, how-

ever, important to determine what bearing this structure of the tarsi would have upon

that of the genus Orthoperus, more especially since it was from various observations

on this part of the structure of that genus that it had been regarded as a separate ge-

nus by Heer, who had named it Pithophilus, and by Redtenbacher, who called it

Microsphera. On examining some specimens of the legs of the common British spe-

cies of Orthoperus, mounted in Canada balsam by Mr. Wollaston, we found the same

general proportion of the joints; but the articulation between the short basal joint and

the long second joint was almost lost; whilst the almost obsolete aiticulation in the

middle of the long second joint, in the Madeira species, was quite distinct, the two

terminal joints being alike in both. Although, however, the basal joint appeared lost

by coalition with the second joint, there still remained evidence of its existence, in the

presence of a small, oblique bristle on the under side of the fvot, just where the ex-

tremity of the basal joint might be looked for. The two structures, therefore, illus-

trated each other, proving that these insects, and also leading to the belief that many

other anomalous and supposed tetramerous beetles, are in truth pentamerous insects

disguised by the soldering together of two of the adjacent joints of the tarsi.

Mr. Waterhouse said that in some Coleoptera he had frequently observed bristles,

such as Mr. Westwood had spoken of, in the middle of an articulation, more espe-

cially of the claw-joint in Homalota ; and that therefore the presence of a bristle must

not be taken as a certain indication of the existence of a joint.

Mr, Wollaston said that the bristles alluded to by Mr. Waterhouse, which oc-

curred in the middle of the articulations, were very different from those at the joints.

A moderate magnifying power would at once show the difference.

Effects of the Sting of a Scorpion.

Mr. Westwood communicated an extract from a letter of a correspondent in India

relative to the effects of a sting-of a scorpion. It is described as very severe, resem-

bling the pain of a dozen wasp-stings concentrated in the same spot. The finger —

began to swell, and the whole arm pained excessively, with a feeling of sickness.

Ipecacuanha powder was applied, in the form of a paste, to the sting, and brandy

and water taken liberally. A native doctor, on being sent for, after rubbing the arm,

at lenyth suggested a native remedy, namely, a small pan of live charcoal, upon which

were occasionally, as they melted, thrown pieces of wax, the smoke from which was

allowed to arise over the wound, and which allayed the pain to such a degree that in

about an hour and a half the patient was able to smoke. The stung finger was still

insensible to the touch and very much swollen, the arm cold as ice, although it had

been rubbed for two hours, whilst the sound hand and arm were hot. More brandy

and water, with cigars, were tried. The patient fell into a long sleep, and awoke next

morning with but slight remains of the pain of the sting.

Mr. Stainton called attention to a paper by F. Bashford, Esq., read before the

Meeting of the Society of Arts, on the 4th ult., on certain experiments made with a

view to improve the present silk yieldings of India.

Mr. Douglas read the following :—

Cicada hematodes.

“In the December number of the ‘ Entomologische Zeitung’ is a note by Dr.

Hagen, supplementary to his former papers in that journal on the singing Cicada.

As the following has especial reference to English entomologists, I have translated it,

with the hope that it may fall under the notice of some one who will render the de-

sired service :—

“*Concerning the types of C. hematodes, Herr Baron von Osten-Sacken wrote

to me on the 27th May, as follows,—

“Three examples stand under this name in Linné’s collection. The one bearing

the ticket, and the second, agreeing with the first, are both, to my view, not C. mon-

tana. Both of them are unspread, and have on the fore margin of the upper wings

a brown cross vein, which is wanting in the examples of C. montana to be seen near

them. Otherwise it seems to me the size is much the same, but the abdomen, as in

C. montana, with reddish margined rings; the base of the upper wings yellowish.

The third example is different from both of the others. All the veins are broadly

brown, which gives the wings a variegated appearance; the abdomen on both sides

broadly red. In Mr. Westwood’s collection is an English C. montana. He at first

described it as new, but afterwards named it C. hematodes, though he did:not recol-

lect whereon he had founded the name.’

“Tt is not unlikely, according to this communication, that the two first specimens

belong to the above-mentioned variety of C. montana with brown-bordered subveins,

or to C. adusta. About the third I abstain from making any conjecture. Extremely

desirable is it that some English entomologist would undertake a new examination

and determination of the Cicade in Linne’s collection.”

Mr. Westwood considered that C. hematodes ought not to be placed amongst the

singing Cicade, as it appeared that no one had ever heard it sing.

Dr. Gray observed that a lady of his acquaintance had captured two examples on

the window of a house in the New Forest, which were quite mute.

Mr. Stevens said he had entomologized a great deal in the locality for the species,

but never heard any sound produced by it.

Mr. Douglas had made particular inquiries of residents in the New Forest, where _

the species occurred, and all agreed that thie insect never sung nor produced any

sound whatever.

Mr. Baly read descriptions of twenty new species of Doryphora, &c., and exhibited

some beautiful drawings of the insects.

Mr. Smith made some remarks in reply to Mr. Janson’s observations on Bledius,

read at the February Meeting.

Mr. Westwood and Mr. Janson spoke on the same subject.

April 6, 1857.

Dr. J. E. Gray, V.P., in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

donors:—Dr. Jacob Sturm’s ‘ Deutschland’s Fauna, Die Insecten, Vol. xxiii.; pre-

sented by Dr. J. K. C. F. Sturm and Dr. J. W. Sturm, through W. Spence, Esq.

‘Exotic Butterflies,’ Part XXII.; by W. W. Saunders, Esq. ‘ Revue et Magasin de

Zoologie, 1857, No. 2; by the Editor, M. F. E. Guérin-Méneville. ‘The Zoologist’

for April; by the Editor. ‘The Atheneum’ for March; by the Editor. ‘The Lite-

rary Gazette’ for March; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts;’ by

the Society.

Election of a Subscriber.

G. Lewis, Esq., of 6, Kidbrook Place, Blackheath, was balloted for, and elected a

Subscriber to the Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Foxcroft sent for exhibition two pairs of Petasia nubeculosa recently taken at

Rannoch.

Mr. Stevens observed that last autumn he had reared some larve of this species

from the eggs, but none of the perfect insects had yet emerged, although the pupe

appeared to be healthy.

Mr. Douglas exhibited a specimen of Ancylocheira aurulenta, taken alive at

Forest Hill, but a native of North America, and not unfrequently sent in collections

from Canada.

Mr. Syme exhibited two specimens of Deilephila Galii which he had lately bred.

The pupe had been exposed by him to a heat of 57°, during the day time, from the

26th January last; and the moths emerged on the 20th and 23rd of March.

Mr. Fortune exhibited samples of the article known as “musquito tobacco” in

China. He stated the composition to be the saw-dust of pine and juniper, with the

powdered roots of a species of Artemisia and a small quantity of arsenic. These are

formed into a paste, and coated over slender sticks, of about two feet in length, which

ry)

are burnt as candles, and never fail in driving the musquitos from the room. Mr.

Fortune added that the Artemisia, which is a species growing wild on the Chinese

hills, is employed to fumigate bee hives, in order to take the honey without killing the

bees.

Mr. Westwood remarked that he could do almost anything with bee hives without

danger, by merely smoking a cigar during the operation; indeed, he had occasionally

cut combs from a hive without even that protection.

Mr. Newman read the following paper, intituled

What is the Scutellar Depression ?

“Every day we meet with people astonished at the vastness of their own know-

ledge. From old ‘ Katterfelto, with his hair on end, at his own wonders wondering

for his bread,’ to the modern pedagogue, whom we find in every ‘ twopence-a-week’

day school, paralyzed by the idea ‘that one little head could contain all that he

knew,’ there seems a well-connected series of egotists, indigenous, exotic, living and

extinct, who are most complacent touching the subject of their own attainments.

This complacency (I may as well plead guilty to its possession) received a rude check

in my own instance when, two years ago, joining the rush of Coleopterists to that oasis

in the desert of British Coleopterology, Dawson’s ‘ Geodephaga,’ I perceived that here

and there, among the species which their reverend sponsor has so ably differentiated,

there existed a character which, in common with my beetling brothers, I had entirely

overlooked. This character is a most conspicuous depression at the base of the elytra,

a sort of wide, shallow pit, reaching almost from shoulder to shoulder, and often ex-

tending down the suture to full one-third of its length without any compensating ele-

vation of surrounding regions. At the bottom of this depression is the scutellum; and

the depression, thus embracing the scutellar region, I have ventured to call the ‘scu-

tellar depression.’ Such, then, being the scutellar depression, the question I would

next ask is this,—What is its teaching? At first I plumed myself on having disco-

vered a new species; but when I found that sixteen well-marked species had each a

scutellar-depressed counterpart I relinquished this idea, as entailing too extensive an

exercise of our cherished prerogative of name-giving: I thought it would be riding

the pairs-of-species hobby a little too hard. Next I conjectured it might be sexual,

and hoped to find it a ready mode of distinguishing the lady Carabs from the gentle-

men; but the examination of more individuals threw this conjecture overboard. For

my third guess I tried the wing difference, knowing that there were in some species

winged and wingless individuals; but this failed: the depressed and elevated were

equally provided with wings. I submitted them seriatim to the process of gently

raising the elytra, and peeping beneath them; but no secrets were concealed there,

and, as may be assumed, none were revealed. One ‘refuge for the destitute’ still

remained—immaturity ; but even this would not do: the depressed individuals were

alternately hard and soft; and this last guess neither elevated their spirits nor mine.

The phenomenon, in fact, was purely exceptional, and its occurrence governed by no

law that I could enunciate. The following list will show, in a tabular form, the result

of the examination of fifteen species, thus afflicted, in the cabinets of Dr. Power, Mr.

Douglas, and the Entomological Club. I have only to add that I sincerely hope that

Mr. Westwood may give us an explanation, at once logical, luminous and conclusive,

like that he has appended to my paper on heterocampous pairs of Lepidoptera. To

have elicited those brilliant observations is, indeed, a high reward for my having jot-

ted down a few passing thoughts. We cannot but admire, in Mr. Westwood, that

more than Roman virtue which is ever ready thus to immolate his dearest friends on

the altar of Science,—to drown them, as it were, in a flood of light.

Number of indivi- Number of males Number of females

Names. duals examined. depressed. depressed.

Elaphrus multipunctatus thirty-two six

Chiznius nigricornis twenty-three two

Badister unipustulatus ten four

Anchomenus pallipes thirty-six three three

3 oblongus thirty-eight two two

% marginatus thirty one

y viduus eighty fourteen thirteen

Ht fuliginosus forty-two ’ twelve ten

3 Thoreyi fifty-three four four

Pterostichus erythropus fifty-two one

5 minor thirty-six three

bo nigrita sixty-one four

3 anthracinus thirty two two

Stenolophus vespertinus twenty-one two one

Bembidium doris sixty two one

Mr. Westwood had considered the depression of the scutellar region alluded to

was in some way connected with the presence or absence of wings, but on examina-

tion had found wings in both depressed and non-depressed specimens. He regretted

that Mr. Newman had not investigated the subject in that point of view.

Mr. Wollaston thought the depression in question to be a malformation, arising

from accidental causes, probably the result of some injury received during the earlier

stages of the insect, as in all the species exhibited it was the exception and not the

rule,

Mr. Lubbock called attention to one of the binocular microscopes which he placed

on the table, and explained the advantages this construction is considered to possess

over ordinary instruments.

Mr. Wollaston could bear testimony to the excellence of the object-glasses. He

considered that, as so many persons have eyes of different focus, the eye-pieces of the

binocular microscope should be so constructed as to meet this difficulty.

Grooves in the Eyes of certain Coleoptera.

Mr. Wollaston called attention to the existence of grooves in the eyes of certain

Coleoptera, adducing as an illustration the genus Trixagus (or Throscus of British

cabinets), in which four out of five species with which he was acquainted possessed

this structure, more or less developed, and which he had not seen anywhere alluded

to. He stated that the impression was usually of a somewhat curved form, and ex-

tended, from the edge nearest to the insertion of the antenna, across the centre of the —

eye, but that it seldom reached the opposite margin, becoming gradually evanescent

as it approached it; that in the common T. dermestoides it was continued but little —

more than half-way across, in the elateroides of Heer it occupied at least two-thirds

of the entire distance, whilst in the gracilis of his ‘ Insecta Maderensia’ it very nearly

touched the opposite part of the circumference. The antenne of Trixagus being

implanted very near to the inner margin of the eye, he believed that this sulcus

had reference to the lodgment of those organs when the insect was in a state of

partial activity, and had removed them from out of the grooves of its anteriorly pro-

duced prosternum,—an hypothesis which was rendered the more probable since the

only species in which he had as yet remarked the impression to be totally absent was

one from Madeira (which he had lately described under the name of integer), in which

the antenne are inserted further from the eye than in the normal members of the

group, and in which, consequently, any such ocular receptacles would be superfluous.

Mr. Tapping communicated some notes by Mr. Fedarb, of Dover, on Acari found

in a photographic portrait-case, alluded to by that gentleman at a former Meeting of

the Society ; and also a notice, by the same, of the ravages committed by a species of

Atropos on the Barbadoes nut, accompanied by drawings of the insects.

May 4, 1857.

W. W. Saunpers, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

donors :—‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society, Vol. viii. No. 25; presented by the So-

ciety. ‘Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society,’ Vol. i. No. 4; by the So-

ciety. ‘Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 1857, No. 3; by the Editor, M. F. Guérin-

Méneville. ‘The Zoologist’ for May; by the Editor. ‘Stettinor Entomologische

Zeitung,’ Vol. xviii. Nos. 1—3; by the Entomological Society of Stettin. ‘A Manual

of British Butterflies and Moths,’ Vol. i. and No. 14; ‘The Substitute’ for 1856—7;

‘Elements of Entomology,’ No. 7; ‘The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer,’ No.

27; by H. T. Stainton, Esq. ‘On the Distribution of certain Species of Fresh-water

Fish, and on the Modes of Fecundating the Ova of the Salmonide; by John Hogg,

Esq., M.A., F.R.S., F.LS., &c.;’ by the Author. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for April ;

by the Editor. ‘The Atheneum’ for April; by the Editor. ‘ Proceedings of the

Berwickshire Naturalist’s Club, Vol. iii. No.7; by the Club. ‘ List of the Specimens

of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, Part XI., Noctuide;’

by the Author, F. Walker, Esq., F.L.S., &c.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Stevens exhibited two pairs of Endromis versicolor recently taken in Tilgate

Forest; also a pair of Euchirus longimanus from Ceram; and some fine species of

Pieris sent by Mr. Wallace from the islands of Baley and Lomback, which were inte-

resting from the variation of the species in these closely-adjoining islands.

Mr. Stevens also exhibited a specimen of Hetzrius sesquicornis taken on the 2nd

instant, in a nest of Formica fusca, at Hampstead; and a specimen of Lophopteryx

Carmelita bred from the egg.

Mr. Foxcroft sent for exhibition specimens of Anchomenus Ericeti, Punz., and

other Coleoptera and Lepidoptera taken at Rannoch.

Dr. Power exhibited a box of British Coleoptera containing a fine series of Drypta

emarginata, Sunius filiformis, Meloe brevicollis, and other rare species; also three

specimens of Heterius sesquicornis, taken from nests of Formica fusca at Hampstead.

Mr. Croker exhibited a box of Indian Locustide and Gryllide; also a fan used

in Egypt to drive away the mosquitos.

The President observed that similar fans were used in the East Indies for this

purpose.

Mr. Westwood exhibited a mutilated specimen of Acherontia Atropos which he

had lately found in a bee hive. He observed that he had never heard of any instance

having been recorded, in this country, of this moth proving destructive to bees; but

his attention had been lately drawn to one of his hives, the stock of which did not

commence working, and gradually got weaker and weaker, till at last scarcely 100 bees

remained. On turning up the hive he discovered the remains of the specimen of A.

Atropos, which he exhibited, attached to the comb. Whether the loss of the stock was

to be attributed in any way to the moth was a matter of conjecture.

Mr. Westwood also exhibited a gigantic species of flea, for which he proposed the

specific name of imperator. The specimen, which is about twenty times the size of

the common Pulex irritans, was found dead in a bed at Gateshead.

Mr. Westwood also exhibited some cloth-like texture from South America, said to

have been found inside a tree, and to be the production of some insect.

Major Vardon exhibited some insects brought from the interior of Africa by Dr.

Livingstone, respecting which Mr. Westwood furnished the following details.

“The insects which Dr. Livingstone has placed in my hands are—

“1. The larva of a coleopterous insect, of which I am unable to determine the

family, but think it may possibly be Cebrionideous. The head is flat, nearly cireular,

and furnished with strong triangular jaws; the six legs short and jointed; the body

rather thickly clothed with short black hairs, and terminated by two large and very

strong, horny, conical appendages, which shut together on their inner edge. The

insect has the habit of burying its head in the sand, leaving exposed its strong for-

ceps-like caudal appendage, which it moves about so as to attract the attention of

passing insects, which, on approaching, are seized by it, and then conveyed to the

mouth and devoured. It thus has a certain amount of analogy with the ant-lion, but

is quite unlike that insect, both structurally and in the details of its habits,

“2. Two larve of another species of beetle, short, thick and fleshy, black in colour,

with a yellow head; which seem to me to be referrible to the family Chrysomelide.

When crushed, they are employed by the natives for the purposes of poisoning the

tips of their arrows, which are dipped into the fluids of the body.

“3. A species of tick, about a quarter of an inch long, with a granulated and

much-wrinkled body ; which burrows into the feet of the natives between the toes,

causing inflammation, which gradually ascends the legs, and other diseases. It is

closely allied to the so-called poisonous bug of Persia, Argas reflexus. With the spe-

men were about forty young, with the cast skins of the eggs from which they had

been hatched, and which were probably deposited by the female after being placed in

the box.

**4. A species of the curious heteropterous genus Phyllomorpha, or dead-leaf bug,

closely allied to the Cimex paradoxus of Sparrmann, brought from the interior of

South Africa. It may be thus characterized :—

“ PoycLtomoresA Livinestonil, Westw.

‘Fusco albidoque varia, longe spinosa, capite et parte antica prothoracis linea tenui

media et hujus margine postico recto albis, lobis prothoracis maximis aliformibus, apice

oblique truncatis, angulo antico truncature acutissimo, lobis segmentorum 4 et 5

abdominalium maximis subequalibus apice bipartitis, divisione singula acuminata.

Ph. Capicola et paradoxa duplo major.

“*5. The minute flat pupe of a species of Psylla found on the leaves of a species

of Bauhinia which cover themselves with a secretion similar to that of the Australian

Wo-me-la, which is also the produce of a species of Psylla, and which is scraped off

the leaves by the natives, and eaten as a saccharine dainty, as is also the case with

the secretion brought home by Dr. Livingstone by the natives of Central Africa.

“6, Dr. Livingstone has fully confirmed the statements of Major Vardon rela-

tive to the destructive powers of the tzetze (Glossina morsitans, Westw. in Proc. Zool.

Soc.) in its attacks upon horses, which it very often kills; it appears, however, not to

attack asses.”

Mr. Wollaston exhibited various Coleoptera lately captured near Farnborough, in

Kent, in a high chalky valley belonging to Sir John Lubbock, including a series of

Homeeusa acuminata, Maerk., an insect which was hitherto unique as British, a single

example having been obtained by himself a year ago, from out of an ant’s nest, in the

same locality.}_ He also exhibited specimens of Claviger testaceus and Lomechusa

emarginata, likewise from the nests of Formica fusca; and an example of a species of

Scopzus, apparently the first detected in this country. The other species to which he

called attention were Callistus lunatus, Tritoma bipustulatum, Byrrhus dorsalis, and

some scarce Pselaphide.

Mr. Smith exhibited the at present unique specimen of Tropideres sepicola, Herbst,

taken in August last, by Mr. F. Plant, in Budden Wood, Leicestershire, and now pre-

sented by him to the British Museum.

Mr. Janson exhibited a specimen of Myrmedonia cognata, M@erk., being the third

indigenous example hitherto recorded, taken by Mr. E. Shepherd in a nest of Formica

fuliginosa ; a pair of Atemeles emarginatus which he had taken in copuld, and

observed that he had not been able to detect any external sexual distinction; and a

pair of Ampedus subcarinatus captured a few days since.

Mr. Bond exhibited specimens of Mixodia Hawkerana bred from sea spurge, and

the pupa-cases from which they emerged.

Mr. Hawker also exhibited specimens of the Mixodia, and the shoots of the sea

spurge in which the insects had assumed the pupa state.

Mr. Robinson exhibited a drawing of the larva of Polyommatus Artaxerxes feeding

on Helianthemum vulgare.

Mr. Janson made some observations on Mr. Smith’s remarks on Bledius hispidus,

Parfitt, with reference to which subject Mr. Westwood denied that he had, as stated,

informed Mr. Parfitt that this species was new to Science.

Mr. Newman communicated the following :—

A Word on the Pseudogynous Lepidoptera.

“ The attention of entomologists has lately been directed to a phenomenon, which,

under a severe scrutiny, seems to have arisen from the questionable position of an ex-

ception into the importance of a normal law. I allude to Agamogenesis. I have now

to invite attention to what might be termed a compensating or balancing phenomenon,

—a phenomenon which, instead of providing an unlooked-for multiplication of life,

seems to dry up the source of life. This phenomenon is Pseudogynism, or the occur-

rence of false or unproductive females. It is very familiar to the breeders of domestic

cattle, by whom such false females are called free martins. All attempts to overcome

their sterility having of course been unsuccessful, they have been abandoned, and the

beasts have been at once fattened for the butcher. I think entomologists have not

hitherto recorded the existence of the same free martinism, or pseudogynism, among

moths; it is nevertheless a fact that it exists to a very great extent, more than half

the individuals of certain species proving sterile females. The first observation I

made on this subject was in 1846, on an autumnal-disclosed specimen of Orthosia

instabilis, the abdomen of which was opened, with a view of ascertaining the state of

the eggs on the occasion of this unwonted first appearance on the stage of life. Eggs

there were none; the abdomen was a hollow cylinder, without any trace whatever of

an ovary, or indeed of any portion of the ordinary contents. The next observation

was made on an example of Sphinx Convolvuli taken the same year. The captor slit

open the abdomen longitudinally, from the anus to the insertion of the legs, intend-

ing to remove the contents prior to drying the insect for the cabinet. In this case

also the abdomen was perfectly empty. My notes on this subject were laid by, but

not forgotten, until 1851, when I received a notice from the South of France respecting

Deilephila Celerio, which that year appeared in profusion in the months of September

and October, the report stating that all the females were barren. This of course

afforded more food for reflection, and in 1852 I sacrificed a number of Sphinx Ligus-

tri and of our three species of Smerinthus, thinking to find and investigate a similar

phenomenon. In this I was disappointed: all the specimens were summer-dis-

closed, and all had the ovaries distended with mature eggs. I was now inclined to

assume that the previously observed facts were accidental or exceptional, and not to

be recorded as the results of any universally operating law ; but, last autumn, that is

the autumn of 1856, the subject was again brought before me by the examination of

recently disclosed females of Acherontia Atropos, which proved perfectly sterile.

Now, as I knew there was a summer disclosure of this insect, giving rise, among the

raw recruits of our science, as in the case of hybernating Rhamni, to a double-brooded —

hypothesis, I could not but be struck with a phenomenon that began to assume the

weight and importance of a fixed law. It appeared, on comparing and arranging a

series of observed facts, Ist, that certain Lepidoptera had two periods of disclosure,

the estival and the autumnal; that the summer batch, produced while the leaves were

in full vigour and afforded abundant food for the larve, was fruitful; the autumnal

brood, disclosed when the leaves were about to fall, was barren. The autumnal brood

seems only to occur in cases where the number of the specimens has been much larger —

than usual, and when the species, if multiplied by uniform and ordinary fecundity,

would either more than exhaust the usual food-plant, and would therefore starve,

or would seek other food, and thus defoliate our vegetation. The phenomenon, there-

fore, if reduceable to a law, is yet another proof of that ‘wisdom of God in creation’

which was the favourite theme of our greatest English naturalist, and the illustration

of which is the cherished object of every right-minded teacher at the present day.

Before offering these remarks to the Entomological Society I thought I would sub-

mit the facts to the scrutiny of a second entomologist; and for this purpose I selected

the ‘ Lepidopterologie Princeps’ at once, thus passing by, not only the habitués of

what might be called our ‘ Circumlocution Office, but also those really hard-working

investigators of truth, our Wollastons, our Douglases and our Powers. Mr. Double-

day’s experience, I am happy to say, exactly coincides with my own. The following

extract from his letter contains irresistible evidence of the prevalence of my facts :—

‘ The first pupa, Mr. Doubleday writes, ‘ that I ever possessed of Acherontia Atropos

produced a female moth, in July, and was full of eggs. In 1846 I had a number of

larve of the same species; these became pupe at the usual time, and eight or ten

moths were produced at the end of September or beginning of October; atx the

females were barren, their abdomens being quite hollow. Most of the female Con-

volvuli that I took the same year [it was the great Convolvuli year] were barren, but

I took one or two which laid eggs; not one of the eggs, however, hatched. I believe

the females of some species are mostly barren when disclosed in the autumn; but

where there are two distinct broods of a species, a vernal and autumnal brood, both

are fertile. I believe that all species occasionally produce barren females.’ ”

Mr. F’. Smith read the following extract from a letter addressed to him by Mr. R.

T. Grant, from Canada West (Orillia) :—

Letter from Mr. R. T. Grant, West Canada.

“The first insects make their appearance about the middle of April, on the blos-

soms of the sallows, which are very plentiful here, and swarm with insects of all

orders, even before the snow has disappeared. Fancy the ground covered with snow

toa great depth, and the beautiful butterflies sporting in the hot sunshine. The first

to appear is Vanessa Antiopa, which is extremely abundant here; Andrenide are also

very plentiful; Andrena Clarkella is here, and A. chrysosceles and a very dark spe-

cies, like Clarkella but handsomer. I have also found Colletes, Sphecodes and Halic-

tus. You say in your Bee-Book that you know of no other genus among the solitary

bees but Sphecodes and Halictus that remain torpid in the winter; but there is one

here, a genus I am quite unacquainted with, very like Halictus ; I have found two spe-

cies, both of a beautiful golden green ; the commonest of them is found upon every

log or stump.” (The bees here mentioned belong to my own genus Angochlora, of

which I have enumerated thirteen species from North America, and seventeen from

different parts of South America; they are closely allied to the genus Halictus, and

are remarkable for having the eyes more or less reniform, some species distinctly so,

like a wasp.) “I have also taken several Nomadz, one Ceelioxys, and two species of

Stelis, Melecta and Anthophora; a very large Chelostoma, and four species of

Bombi; also one Apathus. Here are also great quantities of ants, of which I hope to

send you a great number. I have met with one species of the genus Tapinoma.

The greatest annoyance here is from Mies, which in fact are the only things I dislike

in the country. When you go out in summer, you are immediately pounced upon by

a swarm of mosquitoes, black flies, cattle and deer flies, all eager to suck your blood

The mosquitoes are truly awful. One day, putting off in a canoe to cross a lake, I was

completely covered with them; and so dreadful were their stings that I was driven

almost mad. Their bite is extremely sore, and itches to a degree no one can imagine;

the swelling was so great upon myself that I could neither close my hands nor move my

fingers for several days. The only way to obtain rest at night is to light heaps of

rotten wood and Fungi round your house. The contrast of temperature here is very

great, 96° in the shade in July, and 32° below zero in January. To-day the cold is

intense. I am writing this before a red-hot stove, to prevent the ink from freezing.”

Mr. Douglas read the following note on

Trachys pygmea.

“In the ‘ Revue et Magasin de Zoologie’ of M. Guerin-Méneville, No. 2, 1857,

is a report of a memoir by M. Leprieur, read by M. Dumeril at a Meeting of the Aca-

demie des Sciences de Paris held on the 2nd of February, 1857, intituled ‘ Essai sur

les Métamorphoses du Trachys pygmza, insecte de la famille des Buprestides, from

which I beg to present the following extract, which will be the more interesting as it

relates to an insect which is a native of Britain, but hitherto exceedingly rare in our

collections.

““¢M. Leprieur, after recapitulating in his memoir several observations already made,

by authors whom he quotes, upon the larve of some coleopterous insects which live in

the interior of stems of plants, under the bark or in the woody tissue, mentions those in

particular which are developed in plants of the order Malvacee. The author relates

that having remarked upon tufts of the mallow several leaves bearing vesicular spots,

coarsely rounded in their circumference, of a yellow tint, contrasting with the green

colour of the leaves, he sought to know the cause of them; and he supposed that they

had been the abode of some insect. The following year he was fortunate enough to

prove the presence in these litle cavities of a Buprestis, which, in the space of two or

three weeks, went through all the phases of its development. This was to him an ex-

traordinary and unknown fact, and he studied it in all its details. They are very sin-

gular, but are too circumstantial to be reproduced here.

‘**«The author of the memoir describes and figures the larva of this Trachys, which

has a very peculiar form, as well as the pupa, which is transformed without being

enveloped in a cocoon. He compared this larva with those of other Buprestide

already known, in order to indicate by figures the peculiarities which distinguish them.

He examined the interior of the vesicle of the epidermis, where he found the remains

of the former skin, those of the digested matter which had served for the growth of

the larva, and proof that, among other parasitic larve, that of a Cynips for example [?],

had made their food of it, and took its place.

“* We think that the memoir of M. Leprieur confirms and developes much better

the first observation of Réaumur upon the larve of the Trachydes, all of which have

very probably the same manner of living ; that his researches establish a positive fact

upon a point too little known in the history of these insects, that the exactness of his

researches merits the approbation of the Academy, which has received them with —

interest, and that the publication of them is very desirable.’ ”

a SAE PRA

| See

ae:

Part IV. of Vol. iv., n. s., of the Society’s ‘Transactions,’ published in April, was

on the table.

June 1, 1857.

W. W. Saunpers, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

donors: —‘The Natural History Review,’ 1857, No. 2; presented by the Dublin

University Zoological Association. ‘The Zoologist’ for June; by the Editor. ‘ Re-

vue et Magasin de Zoologie, 1857, No. 4, by the Editor, M. F. E. Guerin-Méneville.

‘The Literary Gazette’ for May; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society of

Arts’ for May; by the Society. Certain Insects taken in the interior of Africa by

Dr. Livingstone; by that gentleman. ‘ Elements of Entomology, Nos. 8 and 9;

‘The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer,’ Nos. 28 to 35 inclusive; by H. T. Stain-

ton, Esq.

Election of a Subscriber.

Henry Gorham, Esq., of 9, Hornton Terrace, Kensington, was elected a Sub-

scriber to the Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Bond exhibited a beautiful series of Retinia Turionana bred from larve found

in the shoots of Scotch firs in Buckinghamshire ; also living larve of Coleophora pal-

lialella and C. currucipennella from Richmond Park.

Mr. Stevens exhibited Stenolophus elegans and other Coleoptera lately taken at

Sheerness.

The Rev. H. C. Stowell sent for exhibition a fine dark variety of Melitea Euphro-

syne.

: Mr. Stainton exhibited the living larva of Hypercallia Christiernana received

from Switzerland.

Mr. Janson exhibited various species of Coleoptera captured by himself in the

neighbourhood of London during the last month, and made the following observations

in reference to them :—

“1. Rhyncolus truncorum, Germar, Gyll. A novelty to our list, notwithstanding

that its name for many years there held a place; but, as Mr. Walton has shown, the

insect thus designated by the late Mr. Stephens pertains to the genus Phloeophagus,

being the P. eneopiceus of Schonherr.

“ Of the two species of Rhyncolus extant in British collections and enumerated by

Mr. Walton, the present insect is most nearly allied to R. cylindrirostris, Oliv. (ligna-

rius, Marsh., Steph.), from which it may be at once distinguished by its more robust

habit, its singularly depressed eyes, whose position may be styled infero-lateral, no

trace of them being discernible on regarding the insect from above, and by its slender

tarsi.

“2. Phloeophagus spadix, Herbst, Schonh., Walton.

“3. Leptinus testaceus, Muller, Hardy.

ample previously known is in the cabinet of the late Mr. Kirby, in whose manuscript

catalogue it is denominated Gyrohypnus rotundicollis ; the insect, however, represent-

ing Xantholinus rotundicollis of Stephens in his collection is a small variety of X.

punctulatus, Fab., Eric.

**5. Stenus contractus, Hric. (fornicatus of Kirby’s but not of Stephens’ collection ;

basalis, Curtis.)

“6. Homeeusa acuminata, Mderkel, Kraatz, Wollaston.

“7. Tomicus (Bostrichus) bispinus, Ratzeburg, Bold, nec Guyon.

“8. Homalvota confusa, Mderkel, Kraatz, Waterhouse. One of three specimens

taken, a few days since, in a nest of Formica fuliginosa, by my kind and assiduous

friend and colleague Mr. Edwin Shepherd.”

Mr. Janson likewise exhibited a box of Coleoptera just received from Rannoch,

where they had been recently taken by Mr. Foxcroft. The species most noteworthy

were Ampedus tristis, Rhyncolus ater, both sexes of Dictyopterus Aurora, Elaphrus

uliginosus, Anchomenus Ericeti, and Calathus micropterus.

Mr. Smith brought for distribution amongst the members some series of named

specimens of British ants, and exhibited some cocoons said to have been found in the

débris of a hornet’s nest, and from one of which his correspondent assured him a male

hornet had emerged; on examination, however, it was discovered that the remaining

cocoons contained Bombi.

Mr. Wilkinson observed that he had tested a portion of the cloth-like substance

exhibited at the last Meeting, which was said to be the production of some insect ;

the result of his experiments, however, proved it to be of undoubted vegetable

origin.

Mr. Westwood called attention to the continuation of Sepp’s ‘ Nederlansche

Insecten,’ the publication of which had been resumed in Holland: he was happy

to say that entomologists appeared to be going energetically to work in that country,

the recently published parts of the ‘Transactions of the Netherlands Entomological

Society’ containing several excellent memoirs.

Mr. Westwood read the following note :—

“With reference to a note by Mr. Newman, published in the ‘ Zoologist,’ p. 5629,

on the subject of the introduction of Acentria nivea into the order Lepidoptera, I beg

leave to refer those who may be interested in the question to the first volume of the

‘Transactions’ of this Society, p. 118, where, twenty-three years ago, I proved the

truth of this relationship; also to my ‘Introduction to the Modern Classification

of Insects,’ pp. 324 and 413; to my‘ British Moths and their Transformations,’

vol. ii., and to Kolenati’s ‘ Movograph of the Trichoptera, p.6. Why the propriety

of the removal of Narycia elegans of Stephens, with its pectinated antenna, well-

spurred legs and want of thoracic tippets, to the order Lepidoptera, as affirmed by Dr.

Hagen, should as a matter of course involve Acentria in the like fate, does not appear —

to me quite evident. As Mr. Newman, moreover, considers my arguments insufficient

for removing Acentria to the Lepidoptera, I call upon him to state upon what other

grounds he has arrived at his conclusion. It is generally supposed that Mr. Newman

has paid especial attention to the study of the Linnean Neuroptera, and entomologists

will doubtless be very anxious to know what structural peculiarities he may have

discovered sufficient to outweigh those which I have adduced in my various notices

upon the Acentria.”

Mr. F. Smith read the following notes :—

: On the Habits of Trypoxylon.

‘A few years ago the habits of the species of the genus Trypoxylon was a subject

of some controversy ; St. Fargeau, indeed, described it as being parasitic; the Lin-

nean account, however, is the correct one, and was confirmed, as far back as 1840, by

Mr. Kennedy and Mr. Westwood. Any one, however, who is in the habit of watch-

ing these insects, running as they do upon posts, rails or sand-banks, and constantly

entering the burrows of other insects, might be induced to adopt the opinion of St.

Fargeau; and if, in addition to the above habit of the species, he examined the struc-

ture of the females, and found them destitute of cilia and spines on the legs, his opi-

nion would no doubt be considerably strengthened as to their parasitism. The

observations of numerous hymenopterists have long settled the question, and they are

well known to store up spiders as a nutriment for their young. One point in the

economy of this genus remains to be established ; and I may ask the question, Has any

one ever observed a species of Trypoxylon constructing its own burrow? without any

chance of its being answered in the affirmative. I am of opinion that there are some

species of fossorial Hymenoptera, and also of Apide, which never construct a burrow

for themselves, always availing themselves of some ready-formed receptacle suitable

to their purposes: Trypoxylon is one of these, and, amongst the bees, probably An-

thidium is another.

“T have an opportunity of exhibiting this evening a most remarkable illustration

corroborative of my opinion as regards Trypoxylon. The Rev. Hamlet Clark

obligingly undertook to capture a few Hymenoptera on his late visit to Brazil. In

addition to several new species of Formicide, he also brought a number of nests of a

species of Polistes, also new to me.

“On carefully examining the nests, I observed, in one of them, that several of the

cells were closed with ved earth or clay. On opening some of these cells, I found them

stored with spiders, and in one of them a specimen of Trypoxylon fugax of Fabricius.

The cells had been tenanted by a young brood of the Polistes before the Trypoxylon

took possession of them. ‘This is certainly a very striking illustration of what I be-

lieve to be the habit of this genus of insects.

“The nests and the Polistes were obtained by Mr. Clark at Petropolis, where, he

informs me, it is common.”

On the Habit of Chelostoma florisomnis.

“T have received a letter from Mr. George Kearley, Blomfield Street, Finsbury,

in which he describes a singular habit of the males of Chelostoma florisomnis. Mr.

Kearley says :—

“«T send you half-a-dozen bees which I took last evening. They were resting in

a most singular manner on a dead branch of hawthorn that had been thrust into a

hedge to stop a gap; the bees were attached to the points of the thorns by their man-

dibles, with their bodies stuck out straight and stiff in a line with the thorns, but quite

clear of them. Almost every thorn on one part of the bush was grasped by a bee.

They were attached so firmly, and were so loth to move, that it required a good shake

to dislodge them; and when disturbed they immediately set about attaching them-

selves afresh. I broke off a twig and carried it to my residence, a quarter of a mile

distant, swinging it about, but not one of them relaxed its grasp. On going early to

the spot next morning I found the bush still thickly peopled with them, still attached

attached by the mandibles alone, the legs being folded under the body, the body itself

standing out stiff from the points of the thorns.’

“This habit in the males of Chelostoma being new to me, I have thought it worth

recording in our ‘ Proceedings.’ The bees were no doubt, as Mr. Kearley suggests,

settling themselves for the night. I have frequently found them huddled together by

half-dozens in the closed petals of flowers, but never in the manner above described.

Mr. Westwood read a paper on species of Callirhipus, &c., chiefly taken in Cey-

lon, by Herr Neitner.

Mr, Moore read descriptions of undescribed species of Euplea in the collection of

the East India Company.

The President expressed his intention to invite the members to a day’s excursion

at Reigate during the present month.

July 6, 1857.

W. Wizson Saunpbers, Esq., President, in the chair.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

donors: — ‘ Nouveaux Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou

dedies a sa Majesté l Empereur Alexandre II.’ Tome x. Formant le Tome xvi. de la

collection ; ‘ Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou,’ année

1855, Nos.2—4; année 1856, No. 1.; presented by the Society. ‘ Exotic Butterflies,

Part XXITI.; by W. W. Saunders, Esq. ‘ Journal of the Proceedings of the Lin-

nean Society, Vol. ii. No.5; by the Society. ‘The Zoologist’ for July; by the

Editor. ‘The Atheneum’ for May and June; by the Editor. ‘The Literary Ga-

zette’ for June; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for June; by

the Society. ‘ Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 1857, No. 5; by the Editor, M. F. E.

Guérin-Meéneville. ‘ Elements of Entomology, No. 10; ‘ The Entomologist’s

Weekly Intelligencer,’ Nos. 36 to 40 inclusive; by H. T. Stainton, Esq. ‘Fabricia —

Entomologica, Supplement to the Ist Livraison, and Livr. II. (the Plate illustrating

the paper, by M.M. Saunders and Jekel, on new genera and species of Curculionidae,

presented some time since); by M. Henri Jekel. ‘Zur Flora Westphalens Von Dr. —

Karsch ; by Francis Walker, Esq.

Election of a Member.

Alfred F. Sealy, Esq., of 70, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, was balloted for and

elected a Member of the Society.

Exhibitions.

~ Mr. S. Stevens exhibited Molurus Bartolemi, Ceratorrhina Derbyana, Tefflus

Delagorgii, and other Coleoptera collected, by Mr. R. W. Plant, to the north of Natal,

towards Delagorge Bay, a locality previously unexplored by him; also a living speci-

men of Trichius variabilis, which he had lately bred after remaining three years in

the larva state, subsisting on the living wood of the oak.

Mr. Douglas exhibited specimens of Stenolophus elegans taken near Southend,

and observed that Dr. Power and himself had, on one of the recent hot days, obtained

upwards of sixty specimens of this hitherto rare species by searching in the wet mud;

he also exhibited Trinodes hirtus lately bred from a rotten tree in Richmond Park.

Mr. Janson exhibited several species of Coleoptera taken near the metropolis

during the past month, and made the following remarks respecting them :—

“1. Lemophleus Clematidis, Eric., found near Gravesend, Kent, in dead stems of

the traveller's joy (Clematis Vitalba). This species is now for the first time intro-

duced into the British list. My. Wollaston, however, informs me that he some years

since detected an individual among sundry insects purchased by him at the sale of the

late Mr. Spry’s collection, but, as that gentleman had incorporated many continental

specimens with his British insects, he considered it inexpedient to announce the

indigenousness of the species upon the bare evidence of the individual in question,

It is probable that this insect should be sought for in the month of May, or perhaps

even earlier, as three out of the five specimens now exhibited were dead, dry, and con-

siderably mutilated when found. The species was first taken by Mr. J. S. Baly, and

subsequently by myself.

“2. Lathrobium rufipenne, Gyll., Eric. Apparently of rare occurrence in Britain.

Mr. Stephens’s descriptions (Illustr. Mand. v. 268, 6; Manual, 405, 3229) refer indu-

bitably to this species, heing copied, the diagnosis verbatim, from Gyllenhal, but in

his cabinet a male individual of the common L. elongatum has served to represent it.

Mr. Waterhouse captured a single example, in the immediate vicinity of London, in

the summer of 1854, and I found two among various Brachelytra kindly presented to

me by Mr. S. Barton, of Bristol, by whom they were taken near that town. The spe-

cimens now before the Meeting I found at the roots of rushes, amongst moss, at the

side of a marsh near Gravesend.

“3. Plinthus caliginosus, F. Taken beneath a heap of decaying potato-haulm on

a hedge-bank at Darenth, Kent. This insect is probably more widely distributed over

the southern portion of our island than we had hitherto supposed. The present is not

the first instance of its occurrence in the vicinity of London: Mr. S. Stevens has

secured a specimen near Wickham, Surrey.

“4, Pseudopsis sulcatus, Newm. A single individual, taken by Mr. Francis

Walker in the Isle of Wight, about the year 1833, and from which Mr. Newman

drew up his generic and specific characters (Ent. Mag. ii. 313), was, I believe, the sole

English representative of this curious species until the autumn of last year, when Mr.

Waterhouse captured a specimen flying at dusk near a manure heap. In the interim,

however, Mr. Haliday met with it, in Ireland, by brushing herbage in the vicinity of

hay-stacks, and to that gentleman’s liberality our principal collections have been long

indebted for specimens. ‘The three individuals now exhibited I found near Dorking,

Surrey, in a boletus on the decaying stump of a felled tree.

“5. Cryphalus binodulus, Ratzeb., Janson (Ent. Annual for 1857, p. 83, Plate,

fig.9). Of thisil have succeeded in capturing about a dozen specimens from the same

tree which yielded it me last year, and which, I fear, are all I shall be able to secure,

as the tree is under condemnation, and will probably be consigned to the hearth ere

the close of the next winter.

“6. Scolytus rugulosus (Koch), Ratzeb. die Forst. Insecten, i. 187 (1837). Reared

in considerable numbers from the dead branches of a pear tree, gathered by Mr.

Groves iu his garden at Lewisham, and not hitherto recorded as British. The ques-

tion has been more than once discussed in this room whether the Scolyti attack

healthy and vigorous trees, or whether they select as a nidus such trees only as are

already diseased,—whether, in fact, they are the primary or merely an accessory cause

of the devastation which has been attributed solely to them. Each view has found

warm and able advocates, but I believe the question still remains open, nor can I

aspire to close it, but I think, as far as the species now under consideration is con-

cerned, we may fairly conclude that, under ordinary circumstances, its pabulum con-

sists of dead wood, since Mr. Groves informs me that it is on the upper dead branches

alone that the insect is to be found, no trace of it being discernible on any other part

of the tree; and, in fact, the branches which he has placed in my hands, and from

which the specimens now exhibited were reared, present every appearance of having

been destitute of vitality for several years. The present species, however, departs con-

siderably in habit from that of its congeners which I have had an opportunity of

studying (destructor, Oliv., intricatus, Ratzeb., and multistriatus, Marsh., Ratzeb.),

whose larve subsist chiefly on the inner bark, occasionally only attacking the sap-wood

in their progress, and, when full-fed, assuming the pupa state at the end of the bur-

row, or in a very shallow cell excavated in the sap-wood ; whilst, on the other hand,

the larve of the insect now before us appear to derive their chief sustenance from the

solid wood, into which they penetrate deeply, the outer surface presenting only faint

traces of erosion.

“*The genus Scolytus, first instituted by Geoffroy, but to which our continental

brethren persist in applying the more recent generic appellation of Eccoptogaster, pro-

posed by Herbst, at present contains upwards of a dozen described European repre-

sentatives, all of which subsist upon trees indigenous to or generally cultivated in this

country. Of these five only are at present known to meas natives, viz..—l. S. Ratze-

burgii, mihi, Ent. Annual for 1856, p. 87 (destructor, Fric., Ratzeb., nec Oliv.), fre-

quenting the birch, and probably confined to the northern portions of our island;

2. S. destructor, Oliv., abundantly distributed throughout the southern and central

portions of England, and which attacks the elm, confining itself, however, to the trunk

and large limbs; 3. S. multistriatus, Marsh., Ratzeb., also peculiar to the elm, where

it is occasionally found in company with the preceding, but more generally alone and

in the small branches; 4. S. intricatus, Ratzeb., a denizen of the oak, and, according

to my experience, attacking the branches only; 5. S. rugulosus, Ratzeb., the species

now before you, and which, as we have seen, inhabits the smaller branches of the pear

tree; on the Continent, Ratzeburg informs us, it occurs in plum and apple trees. —

Ratzeburg (/. c.) has thus divided the genus :—

§ 1. Abdomen beneath, in at least one of the sexes, with tubercles or teeth.

§ 2. Abdomen beneath without tubercles or teeth.

Of the ascertained British species, Ratzeburgii, destructor and multistriatus pertain

to the first section, intricatus and rugulosus to the second. S. rugulosus may be at

_once distinguished from its near ally (intricatus) by its smaller size, deeper, coarser

and rugulose sculpture, and by the punctures on the interstices of the elytra, arranged

in regular rows, being of equal depth and size with those of the true or normal strie ;

in rugulosus, moreover, the apex of the elytra is usually more or less broadly red. I

would further remark that the beautiful series of specimens, which I owe to the kind

forethought of Mr. Groves, has enabled me to determine a solitary individual in Mr.

Wollaston’s collection, taken by that gentleman, several years since, at St. Neot’s, and

which has long caused me much perplexity, but which I have now no doubt is refer-

tible to the S. rugulosus. In conclusion, I would earnestly recommend this genus to

the careful attention of my brother entomologists, as offering an ample field not only

for the discovery of new species and the augmentation of their collections, but for elu-

cidating a question of vast importance to the community at large, and to which I have

already adverted.”

Mr. Westwood said that he had examined the Scolytus exhibited by Mr. Janson,

and he thought it was described by KOllar in his work on insects injurious to gar-

deners and foresters, and of which the Misses Loudon had published an English

translation, under the name of S. hemorrhous.

Mr. Janson replied that he was well acquainted with the work alluded to by Mr.

Westwood. He certainly had not referred to it with respect to the new British Sco-

lytus, for his impression was that it was a popular treatise, and he believed that no

strictly scientific descriptions were to be found in it; he would, however, look into the

matter. If Kollar had really recognizably described the insect under the name of

hemorrhous, and such description was anterior in publication to Ratzeburg’s descrip-

tion of rugulosus, there was but ene course to pursue.

Mr. Janson also exhibited the following Coleoptera, which he had just received

from Mr. Foxcroft :—

Dictyopterus Aurora, male and female, which Mr. Foxcroft, in his letter, dated

Kinloch Rannoch, July 3, states feeds in black fir, of which the woodwork of the

houses entirely consists, and where he had met with this insect, as well as in decayed

stumps of that tree in the forest.

Elaphrus lapponicus, of which Mr. Foxcroft writes that he had recently captured

two or three examples near some springs, at an altitude of about 3000 feet, and which

he had not previously succeeded in finding.

Mr. Groves brought for distribution a quantity of living specimens of the Scolytus

exhibited by Mr. Janson; he also exhibited portions of dead branches of ica pear tree

infested by these insects.

Mr. Westwood observed that at the last meeting Mr. Smith had exhibited the nest

of a Brazilian species of Polistes, some of the cells of which were tenanted by Try-

poxylon fugax. He had now an equally interesting fact to record, having lately had

a portion of a comb of the hive-bee brought to him in which some of the cells were

filled with larve of Lepidoptera stored up by solitary wasps, Odynerus Antilope, which

had evidently taken possession of the cells for their own breeding purposes.

Mr. Westwood exhibited some leaves of a species of Bauhinia, collected by Dr.

Livingstone and placed in his hands by Dr. Hooker, on which were some singular

insects, which at first appeared to be a Coccus, but proved on examination a species

of Psylla.

Mr. Reading exhibited a living pair of Carabus intricatus from the neighbourhood

of Plymouth.

Mr. Robinson exhibited some Coleoptera found near Gravesend, including Cryp-

tocephalus Coryli, C. nitens, C. Lineola, Chrysomela Banksii, &c.

Mr. Pascoe called attention to Mr. Thomson’s ‘ Archives Entomologiques,’ the last

published parts of which work he had brought with him from Paris, and, after remark-

ing on its small cost and the beauty and accuracy of the Plates, said he regretted to

hear from the author that there were only six subscribers in this country; he also gave

a short account of the recent congress of naturalists at Montpellier, at which he ob-

served he was the only Englishman present.

Mr. Douglas proposed a vote of thanks to the President for his hospitable recep-

tion of the members and their friends on the occasion of the Society’s field-day excur-

sion to Reigate on the 26th ult., which was very cordially agreed to.

August 3, 1857.

H. T. Srarnton, Esq., V.P., in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

donors: —‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society,’ Vol. viii. No. 26 ; presented by the So-

ciety. ‘Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, No.6; by the Editor, M. F. E. Guerin-Mé-

neville. ‘The Zoologist’ for August; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society

of Arts’ for July; by the Society. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for July; by the Editor.

‘The Atheneum’ for July; by the Editor. ‘ The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelli-

gencer, Nos, 41 to 44 inclusive ; ‘ Elements of Entomology,’ No. 11; by H. T. Stain-

ton, Esq. ‘Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung,’ Nos. 4 to9; by the Entomological

Society of Stettin.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited some insects received from Mr. Foxcroft, amongst

which was a fine species of Xylophaga with its pupa case, and an apterous Ichneumon

which Mr. Foxcroft considered was a parasite on Anchomenus Ericeti.

Mr. Waring exhibited fine specimens of Trochilium Chrysidiforme, Pionea mar- —

garitalis, P. palealis and Melia bipunctana, taken near Deal; also Hemithea smarag-

daria, taken by Mr. Bouchard at Southend. :

Mr. Stevens exhibited fine specimens of Trochilium Chrysidiforme, taken near

Folkestone.

Mr. Westwood exhibited a species of Pangonia, sent from Ceylon by Mr. Thwaites,

with the following remarks :—

“ I send youa few specimens of the ‘elephant fly, a great plague to man and

beast in some parts of the island, and not sparing the elephant. They bring blood,

whenever they get an opportunity of inserting their long sucker, even from the skin of

bullocks.”

Mr. Westwood also exhibited some singular rolls formed of the extremities of the

leaves of the Spanish chestnut, of the size of a small thimble ; each of these contained

an egg, probably of some species of Rhynchites. He also exhibited some galls

covered with a substance exactly resembling cotton wool, found by Mr. Groom on

oaks near Bath; also a volume of drawings, chiefly of Lepidoptera and their transfor-

mations, made in India by Captain Mortimer Slater, and called attention not only to

the artistic merit of the drawings, but to the accuracy of observation evinced by the

MS. notes accompanying them, especially to those on a fine species of singing Cicada.

Mr. Pascoe observed that the collection of Coleoptera collected at Macassar and

other parts of Celebes, lately received from Mr. Wallace, contained twenty-seven spe-

cies of Longicorns, all of which were Indian forms, with the exception of a Tmesister-

nus, a group confined to the southern islands of the Indian Ocean. Mr. Pascoe ex-

hibited some of the species alluded to, and also an aberrant species of Dorcadion from

Delagorge Bay.

Mr. Stainton exhibited three pieces of honey-comb found attached to branches of

a tree, some of the cells containing a little honey. His correspondent had been at a

loss to account for their, to him, novel position.

Mr. Westwood observed that it was not an uncommon occurrence for swarms of

bees recently escaped to commence forming a comb in such situations, and afterwards

abandon it.

Mr. Waterhouse read the following :—

List of British Tachyporide.

“In laying before the Society the following list I beg to state that my first object

is to identify the species of Tachyporide in Mr. Stephens’s works and collection with

those of the two most important works on Staphylinide published by Erichson and

Dr. Kraatz; and, secondly, to enumerate such British species as have come under my

notice. It is to be understood that where Mr. Stephens is quoted thus ‘ S¢e.’ the au-

thor’s works only are referred to; when quoted ‘ Steph.’ both the works and collection

are included, and when quoted ‘ Ste. coll.’ or ‘ Steph. coll. the collection only is

alluded to. Some of the species enumerated in this list have been kindly examined

by Dr. Kraatz; they are,—Tachinus (sp. 5) scapularis = T. palliolatus ; Tachyporus

(sp. 2) formosus ; T. (sp. 8) humerosus; T. (sp. 11) scitulus.

Hypocyrtus (Schupp.), Mannerh., Evic., 2 pulicarius, Hrichs., Kz.

Ste. Manual 3 discoideus, Hrichs., Kz.

Cypha (Kirby), Steph., Illustr. biguttata (Cypha), Matthews

1 longicornis, Payk., Er., Kz., Ste. 4 anisotomoides, Steph, —

Man. leviusculus, Az. ?

rufipes, Steph. Illustr. 5 pygmeus, Kz. ?

agaricinus, Steph. Tricnopuya, Mannerh., Steph. Man.

nigripes, Steph. 1 pilicornis, Mannerh., Evrichs., Steph.

(var. minor ?) Kz.

parvula, Steph. Hasrocrrus, Hrichs., Steph.

rufipes, Kz. ? 1 capillaricornis, Grav., Brichs., Kz.

nodicornis (Kirby), Steph.

Lrvucorarypaus, Kz.

Tachinus, pars, Erichs. §c.

1 silpboides, Linn., Frichs., Steph.,

Kz.

Tacuinus, Grav., Erichs., Steph.

1 humeralis, Grav., Hrichs., Kz.

cinctus (Staphylinus), Marsh. ;

» Steph.

latus, of Steph. coll. (not of Marsh.)

2 rufipes, Fab., Er., Steph., Kz.

apicalis, Steph.

fulvipes, Steph.

pullus, Steph.

3 flavipes, Fab., Hr., Kz.

nigripes, Ste. Illustr. (not of Man.)

brunnipennis, Steph.

limbosus, Steph.

intermedius, var., Steph. Man.

intermedius, Ste.

levigatus, Marsh, Ent. B, 519, 62

4 rufipennis, Gyll.,* Kz.

5 scapularis, Steph.

palliolatus, Az.

6 bipustulatus, Grav., Gyll., Erichs.,

Kz.

subterraneus, Linn.,

Steph., Kz.

latus, Marsh. Ent. B.

» Ste. (not of the collection)

bipustulatus, Steph.

pallens, Steph. (immature)

8 marginellus, Fab., Grav., Gyll., Er.,

Steph., Kz.

levigatus (marginatus, var., Sle.

Illustr.), Steph.

laticollis, Steph.

9 collaris, Grav., Gyll., Er., Steph,

Kz.

10 elongatus, Gyll., Er., Steph., Kz.

aterrimus, Steph.

Tacuyporus, Girav., Erichs., Steph.

1 obtusus, Linn., Fab., Er., Steph.,

Kz.

Grav., Er.,

* Recorded as British at the Entomological Society, by Mr. Janson, on the even- —

ing that this list was communicated, and subsequently inserted in the list —G, W.

melanurus, Marsh. Ent. B. 525, 80

5 Steph. Illustr, = obtusus

var. of the Manual

analis, Steph.

2 formosus, Matthews, Ste., Kz.

rufus, Erichs.

abdominalis, Boisd. et Lacord.

flavescens, Ste. ?

subtestaceus, Steph. ?

3 solutus, Hrichs., Kz.

merdarius, Steph.

marginellus of Steph. coll.

F Steph. Illustr. ??

4 chrysomelinus, Linn., Grav., Er.,

Steph., Kz.

5 hypnorum, Fab., Er., Steph., Kz.

livens, Ste.

collaris, Steph.

marginatus, Steph.

nitidulus, Marsh. Ent. B. 520, 64

Ms Steph.

erythropterus, Steph.

apicalis, Steph.

6 pusillus, Grav., Gyll., Er., Kz.

lateralis (Kirby), Ste. .

bipustulatus (Conurus), Sve. coll.

7 ruficollis, Grav., Erichs., Kz.

nitidicollis, Steph.

8 humerosus, Grav., E'r., Kz.

ruficollis, Steph.

atriceps, Steph.

melanocephalus (Conurus), Steph.

9 tersus, Hrichs., Kz.

10 transversalis, Grav., Er., Kz.

11 scitulus, Erichs., Kz.

dimidiatus, Steph.

macropterus, Steph.

12 brunneus, Fab., Er., Steph., Kz.

nitidulus, Grav., Gyll.

testaceus, Steph.

flavicornis, Steph.

nitidus, Steph.

angustatus, Steph.

minimus, Steph.

basalis, Steph.

gracilis, Steph.

libens, Steph.

thoracicus, Steph.

pyrrhoceras, Ste.

pusillus, Steph.

pyrrhopterus, Ste. coll.

Lamprinus, Heer, Kz.

Tachyporus, pars, Frichs. $c.

1 saginatus,* Grav., Mannerh., Er.,

Kz. °

Conourvs, Steph., Erichs., $e.

Conosoma, Kz.

1 littoreus, Linn., Er., Ste., Kz.

angularis (Tacbinus), Steph.

Sowerbii (Kirby), Steph. (Tachinus)

bipustulatus, var., Ste. Man,

- collaris, Ste.

2 pubescens, Grav., Er., Steph., Kz.

conicus (Staph.), Marsh. Ent. B.

522, 69

Marshami, Steph.

3 immaculatus (Kirby), Ste.

pusillus (Kirby), Steph.

fusculus, Erichs., Kz.

4 lividus, Erichs.

flavipes, Steph,

nigripennis (Tachyporus), Steph.

obscuratus (Kirby), Ste.

obscuripennis (Kirby), Steph.

5 bipunctatus, Erichs., Kz.

Bouitosivs (Leach), Steph., Er., Kz.

Sect. I. (Megacronus, Steph.)

1 analis, Payk., Grav., Marsh., Steph.,

Er., Kz.

merdarius, Steph. (immature) *

2 cingulatus, Mannerh., Er., Kz.

rufipennis, Steph.

castaneus, Steph. (immature)

3 inclinans, Grav., Erichs., Kz.

nitidus, Steph.

4 formosus, Grav., Mannerh., Er.,

Kz.

= Steph. Illustr. vy. 167, pl.

MMVI. £15

Sect. II. (Bolitobius, Steph.)

5 atricapillus, Fab., Grav., Er., Steph.,

Kz.

lunulatus, Fab., Steph.

6 trinotatus, Hr., Kz.

trimaculatus, Steph.

melanocephalus, Steph.

avgularis, Steph.

7 exoletus, Hr., Kz.

apicalis, Steph.

ochraceus, Steph.

marginalis, Steph.

8 pygmaeus, Fab., Er., Steph., Kz.

bimaculatus, Steph.

thoracicus, Steph.

brunnipennis, Steph.

discoideus, Steph.

biguttatus, Steph.

Bryorvorus, Kz.

Bolitobius, pars, E’richs.

1 cernuus, Grav., Er., Kz.?

- Steph.

Myceroporus, Mannerh., Er., Kz.

Ischnosoma, Steph.

1 lucidus, E'r., Kz.

2 punctus, Grav., Gyll., Er., Kz.

3 splendens, Marsh., Er., Steph., Kz.

nigricollis, Steph.

4 brunneus, Marsh, Ent. B. 524, 74,

Steph.

ruficornis, Kz.

lepidus, var. a., Erichs.

5 lepidus, Grav., Er., Steph., Kz.

punctato-striatus, Steph.

melanurus, Steph.

tufescens, Steph.

punctus, Ste. coll.

6 pronus, Er., Kz.

clavicornis (Kirby), Ste.

brevicornis, Matthews

7 splendidus, Grav., Gyll., Er., Kz.

elegans (Megacronus), Matthews

tenuis, Ste.

nitidulus (Bolitobius), Steph.

* Communicated by Mr. Janson.

ruficollis (Bolitobius), Steph.’ Note. — Tachyporus diffinis, Steph.,

picipes ( ,, _ ), Steph. and Conurus immaculatus of Stephens’s

collection (not of his description), are

— both = Mylena brevicornis of Matthews

= M. gracilis, Kz.

Part V., Vol. iv., N. s., of the Society’s ‘Transactions, recently published, was on

the table.

September 7, 1857.

J. O. Westwoop, Esq., V.P., in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

donors :—‘ Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, Vol. iv. Part 4; ‘ Pro-

ceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Nos. 314 to 333; presented by the

Society. ‘Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of Madeira, in the Collection of the

British Museum ;’ by the Author, T. V. Wollaston, Esq., M.A., F.L.S. ‘ List of the

Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum:

Part 12. Noctuide;’ by the Author, Francis Walker, Esq,, F.L.S., &c. ‘The

Natural History Review, 1857, No. 3; by the Dublin University Zoological

Association. ‘The Zoologist’ for September; by the Editor. ‘The Atheneum’

for August; by the Editor. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for August; by the Editor.

‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for August; by the Editor. ‘ Mémoires de

YAcadémie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux Arts de Belgique,

Tome xxx.; ‘ Mémoires Couronnés et Mémoires des Savants étrangers, Tomes xxvi.,

xxvii. and xxvill.; ‘ Bulletins de l’Académie, Tome xxii. 2e Partie Tome xxiii.;

‘Annuaire de PAcadémie, 1856 and 1857; by the Académie Royale des Sciences

des Lettres et des Beaux Arts de Belgique. ‘Carabe d’Agassiz;’ by the Author,

M. Barthélemy. ‘ Description de douze Espéces de Longicornes des Vieux Calabar,

& la cote Occidentale d'Afrique, par M. A. Chevrolat; by the Author.

Election of Members.

R. Bakewell, Esq., of Finchley Road, St. John’s Wood, and W.S. Atkinson, Esq.,

La Martiniére, Calcutta, were balloted for and elected Members of the Society.

‘

Exhibitions.

Mr. Foxcroft sent for exhibition some fine specimens of Aplocera flavicinctaria,

taken at Rannoch.

Mr. Stevens exhibited a specimen of Dynastes Mars, lately sent him by Mr. Bates

from the Upper Amazons, and observed that the only specimen hithertu known of this

fine species was taken in the same country, a few years ago, by Mr. A. R. Wallace,

and figured in the ‘ Annales de la Société Entomologique de France.’

Mr. Stevens also exhibited some insects lately received from Mr. Wallace, —

captured by him in Celebes, including Papilio Deiphobus, a fine species of Papilio

evr

-_— ©

allied to P. Peranthus, and numerous fine Danaide and Nymphalide; amongst

the Coleoptera he called attention to several new species of Cetoniade and Cicin-

delide.

Mr. Bond exhibited an apparently new species of Depressaria from the Isle of

Wight, and a new species of Coleophora bred from the larve found on birch trees

in the Regent’s Park.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited the following Coleoptera, which had not hitherto been

recorded as British :—

1. Cryptocephalus imperialis, a single specimen from the collection of Dr. Power,

by whom it was captured on Gogmagog Hills, Cambridgeshire, some years since;

this individual had been first recognised by Mr. Edward Sheppard.

2. Cryplocephalus variabilis, of which he had found a solitary example in the

cabinet of the late Mr. Stephens, mixed up with its near ally, C. sexpunctatus ;

he had likewise identified a specimen, also confounded with the same species, in

the collection of the late Dr. Leach.

3. Lema Erichsoni, recently taken by Dr. Power in Ireland, but of which an

individual existed in the Stephensian cabinet, where it had been set apart without

a name.

Mr. Waterhouse pointed out the characters by which these species may be

distinguished from such of their congeners as occurred in Britain, with which they

might be confounded.

Mr. Janson exhibited a specimen of Locusta migratoria, which had been taken

a few days since in the vicinity of Primrose Hill, and mentioned that another

individual had been captured in Kentish Town.

Mr. Baly remarked that several instances of the recent occurrence of this insect in

the latter locality had come under his notice.

Mr. Bond said he had seen specimens of this species recently taken at Willesden,

and also in the New Forest.

Mr, Stevens stated that specimens had occurred at Brighton: he also announced

that a specimen of Deilephila Nerii had been taken there a few days since.

New Entomological Periodical at Vienna.

Mr. Pascoe called the attention of the meeting to a new Continental ento-

mological periodical published monthly at Vienna, styled ‘ Wiener Entomologische

Monatschrift, and submitted the first number containing “ Dipterologische Notizen,”

by Dr. H. Loew; “Die Apionen der Wiener Gegend,’ by L. Miller; and “ Ueber

die Lycaeniden-Gattungen der europaischen Fauna,” by Julius Lederer.

Swarms of Locusts in China.

Mr. Janson read, from the ‘North China Herald’ of June 13th, a notice of the

appearance of enormous swarms of locusts in the district of Nanwei adjacent to

Shanghai, and the means which the public officers had ordered to be adopted for the

destruction of these all-devouring insects.

Mr. Westwood observed, that, although many of these injunctions might well

elicit a smile, yet some of them evinced an acquaintance with the natural history

of the insect highly creditable to the Chinese authorities.

Mr. Spence communicated a letter from Mr. John Stedman on injuries caused to

strawberry plants by a species of weevil supposed to be an Otiorhynchus.

Mr. Adam White communicated some notes on the habits and economy of South

American butterflies, received by him from Mr. H. W. Bates.

On the motion of Mr. Westwood, a special vote of thanks was given to Mr. Bates

for this valuable and interesting communication.

October 5, 1857.

W. W. Saunpers, Esq., President, in the chair.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

donors :—‘ Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England, Vol. xviii. Part I.;

presented by the Society. ‘ Exotic Butterflies, Part XXIV.; by W. W. Saunders,

Esq. ‘Proceedings of the Royal Society, Vol. viii. No. 27; by the Society. ‘ Ele-

ments of Entomolgy, Nos. 12 and 13; ‘The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer,’

Vol. ii. and No. 53; by H. T. Stainton, Esq. ‘The Atheneum’ for September; by

the Editor. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for September; by the Editor. ‘The Journal

of the Society of Arts’ for September; by the Society. ‘The Annual Address to the

Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club, on September 24th, 1857, by W. Dickson, Esq.’ ; by

the Club.

Election of a Subscriber.

C. Dru Drury, Esq., of Grote’s Buildings, Blackheath, wasb alloted for and elected

a Subscriber to the Society.

Exhibitions.

Mx. S. Stevens exhibited full-grown larve of Deilephila Galii found near Deal ;

also Baris laticollis and Phlophagus eneopiceus, which he had bred from Brassica

oleracea, at the same locality.

Mr. Douglas exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Newman, a specimen of Zuphium olens,

a species hitherto unrecorded as British, which-he had captured whilst searching for

water-beetles, on the 19th of September, in the remaining portion of the old Croydon

Canal, at Forest Hill.

Sang at Castle Eden Dean. He observed that the only specimen previously recorded

is in Mr. Dale’s collection.

Mr. Turner sent for exhibition fine specimens of Phlogophora empyrea taken near

Brighton. 4

Mr. Smith exhibited three species of ants new to the British Fauna. The name of

one, Formica brunnea, had long appeared in the lists, but the specimens representing 4 |

—————S le ert UC Or rm

ee eae

89.

that species in the Stephensian collection were examples of the Formica umbrata of

Nylander: the specimen exhibited Mr. Smith stated to be the only true example of

F. brunnea which he had seen captured in this country; it was taken at,Deal. The

second species, Myrmica lippula of Nylander, was discovered by Mr, Reading near

Plymouth, in a nest of Formica fusca. The third species was Myrmico nitidula of

Nylander, found by Mr. Waterhouse, in the nest of Formica rufa, in the New Forest,

and also at Weybridge.

Mr. Smith also exhibited two specimens of the rare Ponera contracta; they were

workers. Hitherto most, if not all, of the specimens taken had been males or females.

These examples were taken by Dr. Power at Brighton.

Mr. Westwood exhibited specimens of a species of earwig, Torficula maritima, new

to this country, which had been found in great numbers on ihe coast of Novthumber-

land by Mr. Bold, and subsequently by My. Wailes; also a specimen of Rhizophagus

ferrugineus found inside a ripe plum.

Mr. Westwood also exhibited a specimen of the venomous fly of Central Africa,

known by the natives under the name of the (zetze, brought from Lake Tchad by

Major Frank Vardon. Mr. W. had published a description of this insect (which be-

longs to the family Muscidae, and is nearly allied to the common Stomoxys irritans of

our apartments) in the ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society, under the name of

Glossina morsitans, after an examination of two other African species of thesame venus

which had been previously described by Mr. Walker in the British Museum ‘ Cata-

logne of Diptera.’ Mr. Westwood referred to an article by Mr. Bracy Clark, published

in the ‘ Zoologist’ fur 1857 (p. 5720), in which the writer states that “a considerable

degree of uncertainty, and even misapprehension, appears to prevail about the fly that

Dr. Livingstone so interestingly describes as annoying the cattle in Africa, and which

he designates the tzetze, its African appellation. Although introduced as a new spe-

cies, I beg to observe that it is a very old one under a new name, —the fly so feelingly

described by Moses of old,’ which he considers to be identical with the Estrus Bovis

or ox bot-fly. Now, in the first place, the GEstrus Bovis is thus assumed to be a na-

tive of Central Africa ; secondly, it is assumed that the animals destroyed by the

tzetze are killed from wounds in the back made by the bots or larve ; and, thirdly, it

is assumed either that oxen alone are destroyed, or that the African individuals of the

(Estrus Bovis attack other animals as well as oxen. Mr. Westwood, however, believed

that there was not the slightest proof that Géstrus Bovis is an inhabitant of any part

of Africa. Healso read an extended series of extracts from the writings of Andersson

(‘Lake Ngami’), Vardon, Oswell, Livingstone and Gordon Cumming, proving that

the death of the animals which have been the victims of the tzetze is the result of

poison injected by the proboscis of the insect, the precise mode of action of the diffe-

rent organs of the mouth having even been observed, and the course of the disease

with its symptoms carefully described; whilst, in the third place, it is unquestion-

able, from the remarks of these writers, that horses, sheep, and even dogs, as well as

oxen, are destroyed by the tzetze, there being not the slightest proof on record of an

(Estrus thus indiscrimately attacking more than one species of quadruped. Mr.

Bracy Clark adds his belief that “this African tzetze is the real patronymic of the

French Estre, made more pronounceable by introducing more vowels and fewer con-

sonants, and then from it we get the Latin (éstrus and the Greek Oistron.” Such a

system of derivatives appeared, however, to Mr. Westwood to be rather inconsistent.

It might perhaps, however, be true that all the names had a common origin, deriving

their sibilant character from a desire to express the sound made by the Glossina

and (strus in their flight, just as the common names of certain birds are intended to

represent their peculiar notes. Mr. Westwood expressed his regret at being obliged

to differ from so old and worthy a writer as Mr. Bracy Clark, but, having in vain ap-

plied to the editor of the ‘ Zoologist’ to publish a correction of the erroneous views

which had been promulgated in that journal, he was reluctantly compelled, in the

cause of truth, to come forward and support the statements which he had himself

published in the ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society.’

The Rev. Hamlet Clark exhibited a series of Chrysomelide, being a portion of the

collection recently made by him in the vicinity of Rio.

Mr. Bond exhibited a pair of remarkable varieties of Apatura Iris, both specimens

being destitute of the usual white markings on the upper surface; also a pale male

variety of Argynnis Paphia. .

Mr. Shepherd exhibited a specimen of Quedins dilatatus, taken by Mr. Sealy in

the New Forest, at sugar, which he had placed on a tree for the purpose of attracting

Noctuz ; he also exhibited a living example of Q. lateralis.

The Secretary exhibited some seeds, apparently of a species of Euphorbia, con-

taining larve, presumed to be lepidopterous, sent by W. G. Lettsom, Esq., H.B.M.

Chargé d’Affaires, Mexico, with the following note :—

“ British Legation, Mexico,

“ Sept. 2, 1857.

soi

“ As no scientific examination has, I believe, yet been made of the grub from

the motion of which the ‘ moving seeds, from the neighbourhood of Tassic, in this

country, derive their celebrity, I send to you by the mail of this month a small box

containing a good many of these seeds, quite fresh, being of this year’s growth. These

seeds are very lively, but that they should move about much it will be well to lay them

in the sun, or put them in a warm place. They only require to be scattered on some

smooth surface, when in a minute or two they will put themselves in motion. Should

the Entomological Society deem the grub worthy of a detailed examination, I shall be

extremely grateful if you would favour me with some account of their labours.

“CT ‘am aGcGs,

“W.G. Lerrsom.”

Mr. Janson exhibited six living and forty-six mounted specimens of Drypta den-

tata, Rossi, Schaum (marginata, Fab., Steph., Dawson), captured a few days since in

the neighbourhood of Alverstoke, Hants, by Dr. J. A. Power; and also a fine series of

the same insect secured by himself on the same occasion.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited the following Coleoptera, from the collection of Dr.

Power :—

Thiasophila inquilina. Two specimens, taken during the past summer, by their

indefatigable and successful owner; one with Formica rufa, the other with F. fuli-

ginosa.

Mr. F. Bates.

Chlenius Schrankii. One specimen, recently secured in the Isle of Wight by

eye Oe,

Lyprus cylindrus. One individual, captured by Dr. Power, about six weeks since,

in the Isle of Sheppey.

Trechus longicornis. One example, found by Mr. Pinder on the Lancashire coast.

Mr. Janson exhibited, on the part of Mr. T. P. Dossetor, four females of a species

of Aphis recently taken within a few days of each other, and apparently of one gene-

ration, and of which, since their capture, two had produced broods of living Aphides,

and two had deposited eggs. He remarked that he had paid but little attention to the

Hemiptera, especially to the homopterous division of that order ; but he believed it

was an axiom that all the individuals of the same generation perpetuated their kind

in the same way, that is to say that they were either oviparous or viviparous.

The President observed that Mr. Francis Walker, who had studied these insects,

and who was present, could probably throw some light on this seeming anomaly.

Mr. Janson accordingly placed all the specimens and their progeny in that gentle-

man’s hands.

The President stated that on the recent visit of Dr. Hagen to this country he had,

whilst entomologizing at a pond near his residence, noticed Notonecta glauca rise and

seize small insects on the surface of the water. This fact suggested the idea to the

juvenile members of his family to attempt the capture of these insects by means of a

fly attached to a thread ; and so successful was this mode of fly-fishing that in a short

time they secured above 100 examples.

Mr. Douglas read the following notes by W.G. Gibson, Esq., of Dumfries, on the

capture of Colias Edusa, and other species which are usually rare in Scotland, during

the past season :— ;

‘* Of Colias Edusa the first one was caught in a clover field in the parish of Kirk-

mahoe, four miles north of Dumfries; the next seven were taken in a turnip field

near Glencapel Quay, eight miles south-east of Dumfries, near the mouth of the Nith ;

six were taken at Southerness, Kircudbrightshire, fifteen miles below Dumfries, on

the banks of the Solway Firth. One was seen flying in the streets of the town ten

days before the first one was taken. Only three females have been seen.

“Two specimens of Thecla Quercus were caught last week near here, by Mr.

James Browne, Crichton Institution.

* Vanessa,Io and V. Atalanta have been very common here this season. Of the

former I bred upwards of 200 specimens.

“Two specimens of Gryllus migratorius have been taken in Dumfriesshire this

month.”

Mr. Stevens read the following letter, received by him from Mr. A. R. Wallace :—

* Dobbo, Arru Islands, March 10, 1857.— Here I am, alive, well, and hard at

work. I have been here just two months, and as I am going into the interior I leave

this note to be sent by a vessel which returns to Macassar in April. The country is

all forest, flat and lofty, very like the Amazonian forest. Insects, ou the whole, are

tolerably plentiful in specimens, but very scarce in species. ‘There are, however, some

fine things, and I am getting good series of several, including Ornithoptera sp., near

Priamus, perhaps O. Poseidon, or close to it, a glorious thing but hard to get perfect ;

four or five other rare or new Papilios, but all scarce; Cocytia d’Urvillei? rather

scarce, a lovely creature; also Hestia d Urvillei. For six weeks I have almost daily

seen Papilio Ulysses? or a new closely-allied species, but never a chance of him; he

flies bigh and strong, only swooping down now and then, and off again to the tree-

tops: fancy my agony and disgust; I fear I shall never get bim. There isa fine

Drusilla or Hyades abundant, with numerous varieties ; but the Lycenide and Ery-

cinide are the gems; I only wish there were more of them; there are about half-a-

dozen species equal to the very finest of the little Amazonians. ‘The Coleoptera are

far too few in species to please me: in two months’ hard work I can only muster fifty

Longicornes, a number I reached in ten days in Singapore ; but Lamellicornes are the

most extraordinarily scarce; I have only nine species, and four of them single speci-

mens; there are, however, two fine Lomaptera among them, IT hope new. All other

groups are the same; Geodephaga, scarcely a dozen species, and nothing remarkable ;

not one Cicindela; only one Tricondyla (T. aptera?) and one Theretes (T. labiata),

with not a siugle Colliuris; two or three fine Buprestes, however, and some remark-

able Curculionide, with the beautiful Tmesisternus mirabilis, make a pretty good show.

“On my way here we stayed six days at Ké Island, and I got there some very fine

beetles, two fine Cetonias, and a Buprestis the most beautiful I have seen. Of the

few insects I got there the greater part were different from any I have seen here,

though the distance is only sixty miles, the mountains of Ké being visible from Arru

in fine weather. ‘I'his makes me think I shall get different things at every island in

this part of the Archipelago. Arru is zoologically a part of New Guinea. Of the

birds here half are New Guinea species; in the small island where we live many of

the birds of Arru never come, such as the two species of the birds of Paradise, the

black cassowary, &e. Iam going now to the mainland, or great Island of Arru, in

search of these birds, but have bad the usual difficulty about men and boats.

““T have learnt here all about New Guinea; parts are dangerous, parts not; and

next year, if I live and have health, Iam determined to go. I must go either to

Banda or Ternate first, I have not yet devided which, and shall try and go to the

large Island of Wargion, at the north-east of New Guinea, where are found the Epi-

machus magunificus, three rare species of the Paradise birds, and the glorious Orni-

thoptera d’Urvilliana? The weather here is very changeable; storm, wind and sun-

shine alternately. I think nine-tenths of the things I am getting will be new to the

English collections ; with which comfort for our entomological friends,

“ T remain yours sincerely,

“ ALFRED R. WALLACE.”

“ Postscript.—Dobbo, May 15.—I have returned from my visit to the interior, and

the brig is not gone yet; so I adda postscript. Rejoice with me, for I have found

what I sought; one grand hope in my visit to Arru is realized: I have got the birds

of Paradise (that announcement deserves a line of itself); one is the common species

of commerce, the Paradisea apoda; all the native specimens I have seen are miserable, _

and cannot possibly be properly mounted ; mine are magnificent. I have discovered {

their true attitude when displaying their plumes, which I believe is quite new infor-

mation ; they are then so beautiful and grand that, when mounted to represent it, they

will make glorious specimens for show-cases, and I am sure will be in demand by ia

stuffers. I shall describe them in » paper for the ‘Annals.’ The other species is the 2

king bird (Paradisea regia, Linn.), the smallest of the paradisians, but a perfect gem

for beauty ; of this I doubt if any really fine specimens ave known, for I think Lesson 2

only got them from the natives ; I have a few specimens absolutely perfect. I hi

besides, a number of rare and curious birds,—the great black cockatoo, racquet-tailed

kingfisher, magnificent pigeons, &c.,—und a fair addition to my insects and shells.

On the whole I am so much pleased with Arru that my plans are somewhat altered :

on returning to Macassar I shall probably not stay more than two or three months,

but get as soon as I can to Ternate, and then to the north coast of New Guinea,

where all the remaining species of Paradise birds are found? I believe I am the ouly

Englishman who has ever shot and skinned (and ate) birds of Paradise, and the first

European who has done so alive, and at his own risk and expense; and I deserve to

reap the reward, if any reward is ever to be reaped by the exploring collector. I

think there is good work for three years in N.E. Celebes, Gilolo Ceram, north

coast of New Guinea, and intermediate islands, of all of which Ternate is near the

centre, and it is certainly one of the least-explored districts in the world, and one

which contains some of the finest birds and insects in the world. On the whole

I have had much better health here than at Macassar, but I am now, and have been

a whole month, confined to the house, owing to inflammation and sores on the legs,

produced by hosts of insect bites. Confinement has brought on an attack of fever,

which I am now getting over. My insect collecting has suffered dreadfully by this

loss of time.—A. W.”

Mr. Moore read a monograph of the genus Adolias, in which fifty-two species

were described, of which number thirty were new to Science.

The President observed that the number of new and rare species exhibited during

the evening proved the unabated ardour of the entomologists of this country.

November 2, 1857.

W. W. Saunpers, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

donors: —‘ The Natural History Review,’ 1857, No. 1; presented by the Dublin

University Zoological Association. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for October; by the

Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for October; by the Society. ‘The

Natural History of the Tineina,’ Vol. ii., containing Lithocolletes, Part I.; ‘ Ele-

ments of Entomolgy, No. 14; by H. 7. Stainton, Esq.

Election of a Subscriber.

H. W. Brown, Esq., 1, Westbourne Street, Hyde Parl: Gardens, was elected a

Subscriber to the Society.

Exhibitions.

Dr. Gray exhibited some living examples of the case-bearing larve of an Oiketi-

cus, found on a species of Ficus at Sydney, and brought to this country by J. W.

Chapmant Esq.; also some singular galls, found on a species of oak at Ischl, in

Austria, the trees growing at an elevation of from 2000 to 3000 feet above the level of

the sea. These galls were considered by Mr. Westwood to be the production of some

dipterous insect.

Dr. Gray also exhibited some specimens of a new species of gall lately found in

Kent, and made the following communication respecting them :—

“ On a wild rose (Rosa canina) in a hedge near West Wickham, in Kent, Miss

Stanely, with whom I was walking, observed a kind of gall which I cannot find

noticed in any of the works to which I have access. Many more specimens were

afterwards collected, and my friend made a series of drawings of their different forms,

which were exhibited to the Society. In its perfect state the gall is a globe, from one-

fourth to three-eighths of an inch in diameter; the upper surface is rather flattened, and

surrounded with some elongated, tapering, acute spines, generally rather shorter than

the diameter of the body of the gall. In the youngest state the spines are much longer

and stouter in comparison with the size of the body of the gall. The number of

spines varies considerably ; the normal number appears to be six, but galls are; often

found with only two, three, four or five, and more rarely with seven or eight; in ge-

neral the spines are simply awl-shaped, but they are sometimes divided at the top into

two or even three small points. The galls are generally attached to the under surface

of the leaflets ; sometimes two or three are clustered on one leaflet; they are also some-

times found on the foot-stalk of the leaf or of the leaflet. On putting some of the

galls into a box with a glass cover, the larve developed themselves, and no less than

three species of the genus Eurytoma were emitted, which Mr. Walker has kindly

determined to be E. zthiops, E. plumata and E. gracilis. It is doubtful if these are

not the parasites of the former, rather than the former of the galls.”

Mr. Wollaston exhibited some specimens of Chrysomela cerealis from Snowdon,

and called attention to the under wings of this species, which are of a beautiful pink

colour. He observed that the under wings in Coleoptera had hitherto been much neg-

lected, but often afforded good characters in the discrimination of species.

Mr. Stevens exhibited some Coleoptera and Lepidoptera sent from Moreton Bay,

by Mr. Diggles, amongst which were the sexes of Eurycus Cressida, Cezara Ardenie,

Cacostomus squamosus, Figulos Lilliputanos, and some beautiful species of Bomby-

cide. Mr. Stevens also exhibited some Coleoptera sent from Delagorge Bay by Mr.

R. W. Plant, including Cacosceles GAdipus, Dicronorrhina Derbyana, &c.

The Rev. H. Clark exhibited a species of Hydroporus apparently new to this

country, and a new species of Agabus, jfor which he proposed the specific name of

sexuarts.

Mr. Smith exhibited a nest of Pelopeus, from Virginia, tenanted by two distinct

species, viz., P. cyaneus, Linn., and P. flavipes, Fab.

Mr. Yatman observed that he had noticed in New Jersey that different species of

this genus inhabited the same holes.

Mr. Westwood read some extracts from a letter received by him from Mr. Brodie,

on fossil insects lately found in the tertiary formations in the neighbourhood of

Stevenage.

Mr. F. Walker read the following

Notes on Aphis Quercus.

“ Having lately taken a few specimens of the Aphis Quercus of Linneus, I beg

leave to offer to the Entomological Society a few notes on that species. It was first

discovered by Mr. Ingall, in 1847, on an oak at Dulwich; Mr. Smee found it soon

afterwards at High Beach, in Epping Forest; and about a month ago, when I hap-

pened to meet him, he told me that he had just observed it on an oak at St. George’s

Hill, Weybridge. He kindly directed me to the spot, and after some search I found

the oak tree by a foot-path in the wood, and in the neighbourhood there were two

other oak trees also infested by the Aphis. The presence of the latter is detected by

the numbers of the black ant which come to feed on the honey, and whose multitudes

much add to the trouble of extracting the Aphis, for its body is so soft, and its rostrum

is buried so deeply in the bark, that it must be cut out of the tree carefully, in order

to avoid crushing it. I then wrote to Mr. Ingall, and asked him some questions

respecting the structure of the rostrum, and he with much kindness lent me all the

specimens which he had preserved in Canada balsam, fifty-five in number, and his

MS. notes, from which I have extracted nearly all the following observations.

“Tor MALE.

“This is apterous, like the males of many ‘other species of Aphis, and appears

about the beginning of October, and continues till November. It is less than one-

fourth of the size of the female, and about twice the size of the egg (which is large),

and has no appearance of any mouth either in the young or in the adult state. In

other species of Aphis the mouth has a like structure in both sexes.

Tue WINGED FEMALE.

** This lives early in the year, and seems to be scarce. It does not possess the long

rostrum which distinguishes the following form, and is very different from it in

appearance.

“THe WINGLEss FemMaLE

has a rostrum which is more than twice the length of the body, and in the young

insect is more than four times the length of the body. It seems to be quite distinct

from the true mouth, which possesses three extremely slender sete (the middle one

double) ; these are received into the groove of the rostrum or tube, and rather exceed

it in length. The rostrum is fitted into a ‘sac at the base of the lower lip, which sac

probably extends nearly the length of the body ;’ it can be folded? and is often con-

tracted to half its usual length, and more rarely to one-fourth of its usual length, and

may be seen retracted within the body to the base of the fore legs, or to the base of

the hind legs, or even to the tip of the abdomen. The joints, also, of the rostrum can

be withdrawn one within another, like the parts of a telescope, and the whole appara-

- ratus is peculiarly adapted for the extraction of the sap of the oak between the rugged

clefts of the bark. The eggs are deposited in October and November.

“ T will endeavour to make further observations on this species during next year,

and hope that in the meanwhile some person will kindly undertake to dissect it, in

order to ascertain fully the structure of the rostrum, and how it is received into the

body.”

December 7, 1857.

Dr. Gray, V.P., in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

donors :—‘ Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, Vol. ix.; ‘Annual Report of

the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution ;’ presented by the Smithsonian

Institution. ‘ Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, Vol. v. pp. 321

to 416; Vol. vi. pp. 1 to 160; by the Boston Society of Natural History. ‘ Proceed-

ings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,’ Vol. viii. Nos. 3 to 6; by

the Academy. ‘Ohio Agricultural Report,’ 1850 to 1855; by the Ohio State Agricul-

tural Society. ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society, Nos, 334 to 338; by the So-

ciety. ‘Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool, No. 11;

by the Society. ‘Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society,’ Vol. ii. No. 6 ;

by the Society. ‘The Aihenicum’ for October and November; by the Editor. ‘ The

Literary Gazette’ for November ; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts ;

by the Society. ‘ Die Liusengallen der Osterreichischen Eichev, Ein Versuch zur ver-

gleichenden Beschreibung der Gallengebilde, von Georg Frauenfeld; ‘ Beitrag zur

Fauna Dalmatiens, von Georg Frauenfeld ; ‘ Ueber Raymondia, Fr., Strebla, Wd.,

und Brachytarsina, Mcq., von Georg Frauenfeld; ‘ Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der

Trypeten nebst Beschreibung einiger neuer Arten, von Georg Frauenfeld; by the Au-

thor. ‘Verhandlungen des Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien,’ Band VI.;

‘Separatabdruck Naturwissenschaftlicher Abhandlungen aus den Schriften des Zoolo-

gisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien;’ by the Society. ‘Siettiner Entomologische

Zeitung,” XVIII. Jahrgang, Nos. 10 to 12; by the Entomological Society of Stettin.

‘ Elements of Entomology,’ No. 15; ‘ The Entomologist’s Weekly Intellienver, Nos.

58 to 62; by H. T. Stainton, Esq.

Election of Subscribers.

C. P. Gloyne, Esq., 5, Terrace, Kensington; G. W. Canham, Esq., 28, Osborne

Terrace, Clapham Road; and C. E. Challis, Esq., 2, Old Cambridge Terrace, South

Lambeth, were balloted for and elected Subscribers to the Society.

Exchibitions.

Mr. Stevens exhibited a specimen of Dynastes Acteon from Peru, and another

which he believed might prove a distinct species, also from South America, but the

exact locality was unknown.

Mr. Holdsworth exhibited a piece of the wood of a Scotch fir perforated by the —

larve of Sirex duplex, Shuck. The insects had done considerable injury to a planta- —

tion of those trees, and he inquired of the Members present whether any means could

be adopted for destroying them. It was observed that the structure of the ovipositor

in the female of this species proved beyond doubt that the eggs are deposited under

the bark, and as the larve eat into the solid wood of the trees there appeared no way

of checking their ravages but by cutting down the infected trees, and destroying the

perfect insects.

Captain Cox exhibited a series of drawings illustrating the transformations of Bri-

tish Lepidoptera, beautifully drawn from Nature by Mrs. Cox; amongst them were

the larve of eight species of the genus Eupithecia.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited a series of specimens of the British species of the

genera Rhizophagus and Monotoma; the species of the former genus determined from.

Erichson, and of the latter from Aube’s ‘ Monograph,’ as follows :—

Ruizopwacus.

1. nitidulus 5. ferrugineus

2. dispar 6. perforatus

3. bipustulatus 7. parallelocollis

4. depressus 8. cribratus

to which may be added the R. ceruleus, Walil.

Monoroma.

1. conicicollis 5. quadricollis

2. angusticollis 6. quadrifoveolata

3. picipes 7. longicollis

4. spinicollis

Mr. Newman exhibited a remarkable dark variety of Argynnis Euphrosyne, and a

specimen of Heilipus brachypterus infested by Fungi, and made the following com-

munications respecting them :—

Remarkable Variety of Argynnis Euphrosyne.

“*Mr, Weaver has placed in my hands a specimen of Argynuis Euphrosyne so re-

markable that I think the Members of this Society will take some interest in examining

it. The specimen is rather above the average size, and the spathulate terminal por-

tion of the antennz is of nearly double the usual length; the apex itself is very much

flattened and twisted backwards. The upper surface is nearly black, the usual tawny

spaces being almost obliterated by the suffusion and union of the black markings;

this is more particularly the case with the hind wings, in which the only remaining

traces of tawny are confined to the anal angle, and six obscure spots just within the

outer margin. On the under side the colours of the fore wings are more suffused than

usual, but otherwise not remarkable; but the distribution of colour in the hind wings

is totally changed ; the prevailing colour towards the base is greenish yellow; the

Marginal silver spots are changed into large silver markings of an elongate-conical

form, and the middle one of the seven unites with the large silver spot in the centre

of the wing.”

Fungus on a Rhyncophorous Beetle.

“ Mr. Ingall has placed in my hands a specimen of Heilipus brachypterus which

is in the finest condition, and looks as though it had been pinned while living, yet has

several specimens of a black thread-like fungus, probably a Spharia, growing from

various parts of its body; three of these, about an inch in length, issue from the inter-

stice between the prothorax and elytra: a fourth issues beneath the head, from the

interstice between the head and prothorax; and there are many shorter ones in

a diversity of situations, but none appear to have pierced the more solid parts of the

exo-skeleton.”

Mr. Smith exhibited some specimens of a small species of Trigona, from Moul-

mein, with a portion of the nest of this species, and read the following communica-

tion :—

“In April, 1857, Sir Archibald Bogle, Commissioner of the Tenasserim Provinces,

forwarded to the Agricultural and Horticultural Society of India a specimen of a sub-

stance called ‘ Pwai-nyet,; procurable at about one anna (14d.) per pound in those

Provinces. Sir Archibald states that this material has only to be moistened with earth-

oil till of the consistence of paint, and then spread with the fingers on a bit of cloth

on the cracks of the roof of a house, to make it quite waterproof and to stop all leak-

age whatever; and it dries in an hour or two. Sir Archibald adds that, having found

it most valuable, he thinks it very desirable to bring it to the notice of the Society.

“Sir Archibald having left India for Europe shortly after the receipt of the above

specimen, the Society preferred a request to another member resident in the Tenasse-

rim Provinces, the Rey. C. S. Parish, for further information as to the nature of the

material in question, whether vegetable or mineral, and for any additional particulars

he could afford. In reply Mr. Parish has been kind enough: to supply the following

interesting information, in a letter dated from Moulmein, May 20:—

“¢The substance about which you seek information is, as Sir A. Bogle stated,

commonly procurable in the Moulmein Bazaar. It is not a vegetable substance,

but is the result of the labours of a small bee (probably, however, it is the mixture of

various gums and resins gathered by the bee). Fortunately, since receiving your let-

ter I have met with a small colony of the Dammer bee at work in a hole of an old

teak post. I have the pleasure to send you by this mail a small piece of the substance,

for identification, taken out on the point of a knife; also two specimens of the indus-

trious little creature itself, enclosed in a glass cell. I am not an entomologist, but shall

be glad to know the name of the species. If any of your entomological friends think

the species of interest, I will try to catch them some more, as I believe it has no sting.

I have not, indeed, submitted them to the microscope, but, though numbers settled on

me and flew round me, as I disturbed them in their work, I felt no evil consequence.

The bee makes her nest of this substance, which is at first soft and plastic to the fingers

and extremely glutinous, but afterwards, on exposure to the air, becomes dry, hard and

brittle. The nest, I believe, is made indifferently in a hollow tree, in a hole in the

ground, or, as in the present instance, in that of an old post. When bought it is com-

monly in a large irregularly shaped lump, rudely honey-combed, mixed with much ex-

traneous matter. It is soluble in oil; any oil, I fancy,—at least I find that olive-oil

answers the purpose of detaching it from the fingers as well as wood-oil.

“Tt is a well-known and commonly used substance here; but, though frequently

noticed, mistakes as to its true nature have often been made, chiefly owing to the fact

that the name of ‘ Dammer’ is given to it in the Bazaar by the natives of India, who

sell it, in common with many other resins and gums, which in appearance and quality

it resembles. It is not ‘ Dammer,’ though, if you ask for Dammer in the Bazaar, it is

as likely that you will have this substance offered as any other. . The Burmese know

it only as ‘ Pwai-nyet.’ They use it for caulking generally, mixing it with wood-vil

over a fire; and it answers its purpose admirably in the case of wood-work, but

whether of Pucka or Chunum work also, I cannot say.”

Mr. Smith observed that the bees exhibited were a species described by him in the

last part of the ‘ Proceedings of the Linnean Society,’ by the name of Trigona levi-

ceps; and that Mr. Parish was quite right in supposing it had no sting, as, like all

the genus, it was destitute thereof. He added that he was informed by the Rev. H.

Clark that a species of this genus was excessively abundant in Brazil, forming its

nests in banks.

The Secretary read some notes on Australian Lepidoptera and their larva, com-

municated by Mr. Diggles; and a paper by Mr. A. R. Wallace on the habits and

transformations of a species of Ornithoptera allied to O. Priamus, found in the Aru

Islands, near New Guinea.

Mr. Stainton read a paper intituled “On the Aberrant Species hitherto placed in

the genus Elachista.”

Mr. Smith read a Supplementary Essay on the British Formicide.

January 4, 1858.

W. Witson Saunpers, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

donors:—‘ Nota sul genere Opsebius fra i Ditteri Enopidei;’ presented by the Author,

Achille Costa. ‘The Canadian Journal of Industry, Science and Art, Nn. s., Nos. 11

and 12; by the Canadian Institute. ‘ Descriptions of eight new Species of Entomo-

straca found at Weymouth; by the Author, John Lubbock, F.G.S. ‘The Zoologist’

for January; by the Editor. ‘Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias de Ma-

drid,’ Vol. iv.; by the Academy. ‘The Atheneum’ for December; by the Editor.

* The Literary Gazette’ for December; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society of

Arts’ for December; by the Society. ‘The Insect Hunters; by the Author, Edward

Newman, F.L,S. ‘ The Entomologist’s Annual’ for 1858; by H. T. Stainton, Esq.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Janson exhibited a root of Monizia edulis, Lowe, from Dezertas Island, near

Madeira, where it is commonly known as the “ wild carrot.” Although brought to

this country in May, 1857, since which time it had been kept in a dry room, it still

exhibited traces of vitality, and was infested with a species of Coccus.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited tothe Meeting his extensive series of the British spe-

cies of Atomaria.

Mr. Douglas exhibited a portion of one of the staves of a flour-barrel, perforated

by the larva of Rhizopertha pusilla of Fabricius. All the softer portion of the wood

(American oak) was completely eaten away, and considerable leakage and loss of the

flour had taken place in consequence.

Mr. Stevens exhibited some Lepidoptera, lately received from Mr. Bates, taken in

100

the neighbourhood of Ega and on the river Janari, Upper Amazons. The collection

contained Papilio Columbus, P. Bolivar, P. Patros and P. Pausanias, some splendid

Catagramme and Erycinide, and a number of fine Geometride. The most interest-

ing portion of the collection, however, was a series of minute Lepidoptera, which had

arrived in the most perfect state of preservation, and included many most beautiful

and remarkable species, especially amongst the Pyralide and CEcophoride. The col-

lection also contained several species of Pterophoride closely resembling the Euro-

pean representatives of that family. ?

Captain Cox announced his intention to call the especial attention of the Society,

at the next Meeting, to the fearful ravages committed by the Scolyti on the elm trees

in the vicinity of the metropolis.

Mr. Stainton read a “ Synopsis of the Genus Elachista.”

Anniversary Meeting, January 25, 1858.

W. WI son SaunDeErRs, Esq., President, in the Chair.

F. Smith, J. T. Syme, J. O. Westwood, and J. S. Wilkinson, Esqrs., were elected

Members of the Council, in the room of J. Lubbock, H. T. Stainton, G. R. Water-

house, and T. V. Wollaston, Esqrs.; and the following were elected to fill the respective

offices for the year: Dr, J. E. Gray, President ; S. Stevens, Esq., Treasurer; E. Shep-

herd and E. W. Janson, Esqrs., Secretaries.

The Report of the Council to the Society, which stated that the typical specimens

had been withdrawn from the collection of exotic insects, and recommended a speedy

sale of the remainder, was read and received.

Mr. Stainton, one of the Auditors, read an abstract of the Treasurer’s accounts,

showing a balance of £75 9s. 6d. in favour of the Society, above all liabilities.

The President delivered an Address on the affairs of the Society and the general

progress of the Science, for which, and his able services to the Society during his term

of office, the Meeting passed a cordial vote of thanks, with a request that he would

allow his address to be printed.

The President, in returning thanks, expressed his willingness to print the Address

at his own expense.

A vote of thanks was then passed to the Treasurer and Secretaries, for their ser-

vices to the Society. 7

101

THE PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS.

GENTLEMEN,

In again meeting you on the occasion of another Anniver-

sary it gives me pleasure to report that the Entomological Society

is in a very flourishing condition. Our ranks are increasing in num-

ber; our meetings have been very well attended; valuable papers

have been read at our meetings and printed in our ‘ Transactions ;’

and our excellent Treasurer shows that he has been very careful of

the funds entrusted to his charge, by having a clear surplus in his

hands, after paying all debts, of about £ 75. .

The following statement, which has been kindly furnished by our

Secretary, Mr. Shepherd, will show that during the past year four

names have been added to our list of members, and eight to that of

our subscribers; that we have lost by resignation two members and

three subscribers, and by death one member; so that the increase of

our number amounts to twelve, and the decrease to six, leaving the

Society stronger by six members or subscribers than it was at the

commencement of the year.

ELECTED DURING 1857. REsIGNED DURING 1857.

Atkinson, W. . . . Member. Bates, F. . . . . Subscriber.

Bakewell, R. . . . Do. Jobson d. “S9 wt ary Do.

Croker, T. F.D. . . Do. Langeake, I. . . . Do.

Se ee) ee > Do.

Curtis, J. . . . . Member.

Biggs,C.J. . . . Subscriber. Edwards, G. 0 05 72775 Do.

Brown, H.-W... =: Do.

Canham,G.W. . . Do. Dead.

Challis,C.E. . . . Do. Spinola, Marquis. . Do.

Diraty, Cy it ta ge te Do.

GrOrnenis i. Soe se. Do.

irloyne,C. Po... Do.

MCWISG se ets s Do.

102

The member whose death we have to lament is that of the Marquis

Max. Spinola, an enlightened and veteran entomologist, well known

and much appreciated for his valuable contributions on many branches

of entomological study, but especially for his knowledge of European

Hymenoptera. His writings will be found chiefly dispersed in the

pages of the ‘ Annales Ent. Soc. France, the ‘ Revue Zoologique,’ the

‘Annales Mus., and Silberman’s ‘ Revue Entomologique. His

‘Insectorum Leguriz,’ in two vols. 4to, was published as a separate

work, and appeared in the years 1806 to 1808.

The Treasurer’s account has been read to you this evening, wherein

is fully detailed the income and expenditure of ‘the Society during

the year now brought to a close. Comparing it with last year’s state-

ment the receipts appear to be less by about £8, but on the other

hand the payments have been also less, there being on this head a

decrease of £20, so that there is a clear gain here to the Society of

£12. Carrying on the comparison, our liabilities will be found now

£ 24 less than at this time last year, but again our assets are some-

what smaller, so that, striking a balance, the Treasurer finds now a

surplus of £75 9s. 6d., instead of £44 4s. 9d. when he last made

his annual statement. One item in the account cannot however be

passed over without comment, namely, the sum brought this year to

account for the sale of ‘Transactions. You will find this sum put

down at £ 36 9s. 3d., when last year £63 16s. 5d. was paid to the

Treasurer, arising from the same source, and there has been therefore

a falling off this year in the sale of the ‘ Transactions’ of £ 27 7s. 2d.,

or about three-sevenths of the amount. The publication of three

parts of the ‘Transactions, instead of four, will partly account for

the deficiency ; but still there would be, making the most liberal al-

lowance for this fourth part, a considerable sum wanting, and to ac-

count for this I can only suppose the parts published have not been

attractive to the usual purchasers. When the ‘ Transactions’ contain

interesting and attractive Plates they invariably sell the best; and it

is worthy of remark that some of the parts of the ‘Transactions’ are

now nearly sold out, and that these are extensively and beautifully

illustrated.

I have already alluded to our meetings having been well attended,

and there seems to be every reason to believe that this is owing to

the variety and extent of the objects which have been brought for

exhibition, and which, during the last year, have been more than

103

usually interesting and instructive. This result is very satisfactory,

and most urgently do I call on our members for increased exertions

in this respect, for, besides the interest exhibitions give to our evening

meetings, much entomological information is spread among the mem-

bers, and many facts brought to light of real importance to the branch

of Natural History for which we are associated. I am very anxious

to see more done by British entomologists in the study of the history

of insects,—more attention paid to their transformations, habits and

economy,—so that the skill of the entomologist may when required

turn to good practical account. If our members would therefore, as

often as practicable, bring for exhibition at our meetings anything

tending to this point, many important facts only known to a few would

get currently circulated in the entomological world, and much valu-

able information would be permanently placed on record. To effect

this, I would strongly recommend to as many who have time and op-

portunity to indulge in that very pleasant and rational way of passing

time called field-work, and see what insects are about in their haunts

on the hill-sides and sunny banks in woods and open fields, in ditches

and ponds, and indeed everywhere, either above or below ground;

make a call upon them at home, and become fully acquainted with

them,—they will amply repay you for the trouble. The last remark-

ably fine season has been particularly adapted for this branch of

entomological research, and many of our members have made good

use of the favourable combination of circumstances presented to

them.

Our library has been enriched by a variety of works, and continua-

tions of foreign and home periodicals, chiefly presentations. As I

attach much value to a good collection of books for the use of our

members, I think that, as we have now a little spare money, some

of it might with advantage be laid out in the purchase of standard

entomological works which may be wanting to the library. An

expression of opinion on the part of the members would show the

Council the wishes of the Society on this subject, and steps might be

taken to secure good works should an opportunity of purchasing them

occur.

The ‘Transactions’ and ‘ Proceedings’ have not appeared quite

regularly, Of the former three parts have been printed and circa-

lated: a delay has occurred in the fourth part, owing to the difficulty

of getting the papers corrected for the press, but it will appear with

104

the first part for the ensuing year, in the shape of a double number.

The printing of the ‘ Proceedings’ had been stopped for a time, the

Editor of the ‘ Zoologist, in which work our proceedings appear,

not having been willing to come into the views of our Secretaries on

the subject: this difficulty, I am happy to say, has been quite over-

come, and in a very short time the whole of the unprinted matter will

be before the Society ; it is already in the course of printing.

The ‘ Transactions’ contain the following papers :—

The concluding portion of Mr. Pascoe’s first paper “On new Longi-

corn Beetles,” and his second contribution on the same snbject, in

which will be found the descriptions of many remarkable and very

interesting forms belonging to this large and important family.

A paper by Mr. Newman, “On a few apparently undescribed In-

sects from Moreton Bay,” describing two species of Coleoptera, Elater

Jansoni and Stenodorus quietus; three Lepidoptera, Deilephila Dali,

Macroglossa Nox and Castulo Doubledayii; and two Diptera, Pan-

gonia Walkeri and Dasypogon Grantii.

“Observations on Genera,” by Mr. Stainton, in which the author

gives his ideas on the nature and extent of the characters necessary

to form agenus. This is a subject on which there is a great variety of

opinion, and the author’s views are entitled to consideration.

“ Observations on the Difficulties attending the discrimination of

the Species of Stylops,” by Mr. Smith. Here the author shows the

necessity of describing and figuring the species of Stylops while alive,

and not when dried up and the parts greatly altered, and points out

the confusion which has arisen from not attending to this important

particular.

“ Characters of undescribed Diptera,” by Mr. Walker. A paper

giving the descriptions of numerous new species forming a portion of

the collection of your President.

The commencement of a paper by Mr. Westwood, “On the Ori-

ental Species of Butterfly allied to Morpho.”

A short note by your President, to accompany three Plates of the

transformations of some Lepidopterous Insects of Natal, by Mr. Plant,

and Mr. Walker's description of Lebeda cuneilinea, one of the Lepi-

doptera figured, and which is new to Science.

A paper by Mr. Westwood, “On the Wing-Veins of Insects,” in

which the author maintains the propriety of naming the thickened

portions of the wings of insects, sometimes called ribs, rays, nervures,

&c., veins, the author being of opinion that these thickened parts are

essentially veins

105

*A Revision of the British Atomariz,” by Mr. T. V. Wollaston,

executed with the known precision and care of that talented entomo-

logist. The number of species amounts to twenty-three. One new

species, Atomaria Hislopi, is described.

“On the recent progress of Micro-Lepidopterology on the Conti-

nent,” by Mr. Stainton, in which the author well points ont what our

Continental friends have been doing among these now favourite fami-

lies of the Lepidoptera.

Mr. J. S. Baly gives descriptions of two new species of Pseudo-

mela.

The present state of the National Collection of Insects, and the

progress made in its arrangement, cannot but be interesting to ento-

mologists ; and I have therefore much pleasure in laying before you

the following report, kindly furnished to me by my friend Dr. Gray,

and for which I beg to tender him my best thanks. The collection

of insects under his care is, I have every reason to believe, the most

extensive which has yet been formed, and of the greatest importance

to working entomologists in this country, giving them an opportunity

of examining a vast variety of insect forms, and placing them in a

very advantageous position as compared with entomologists on the

Continent. Under the able management of Dr. Gray the collection

is rapidly augmenting, and the contents are being arranged and put

in good working order by a gentleman of known ability, and whose

labours are well shown in a series of Catalogues, which are a most

valuable contribution to the science of Entomology.

“In reply to your kind note I have the pleasure to inform you that

we have added and arranged, in their places in the Collection, 22,705

specimens of Insects and Crustacea, during the year ending the 31st

of December, 1857. These are all specimens selected from large

collections as those most useful for completing our collection, or of

typical importance.

“ We have lately: added to the Department, and arranged apart for

more easy study, a very large Collection of European Coleoptera, all

received from Continental entomologists of good reputation, so as to

enable our English Coleopterists to determine, by actual comparison,

the names by which their specimens are known to their Continental

brethren.

106

already in the Museum all the species which have been since disco-

vered in these islands by himself or other entomologists, and there

has been added to this collection the specimens of all the other orders

of insects which Mr. Wollaston found in these islands, forming one of

the most complete local Insect-Faunas, next to our British Collection,

now known.

“A large general collection of Coccinellidz, all named, many of

them being type specimens described by M. Mulsant.

“ The British Collection of Lepidoptera has been greatly extended,

by the addition of many new species and fresh specimens: it has

been rearranged according to the edition of Mr. Stephens’ Catalogue

revised by Messrs. Stainton and Shepherd.

“Tt has also received, among other donations, many valuable spe-

cimens of Hemiptera, and other insects collected in Brazil, by the

Rev. Hamlet Clark.

“M. Jekel brings in succession the species of the different genera

of Curculionide, purchased by Mr. John Bowring, and deposited by

him, for the use of entomologists, in the British Museum, until his

return from China.

“Dr. Hagen, of Kénigsberg, visited the Museum at my invitation,

for the purpose of describing the new species and revising the nomen-

clature of the described species of Trichoptera and Neuroptera in the

British Museum, and especially for the purpose of preparing a Cata-

logue of the British species for Mr. Stainton’s ‘ Annual.’

“ We continue to produce a succession of Entomological Catalogues,

which must make our Collection contain the largest number of types

of any in Europe. J may mention the following :—

“1. Mr. Wollaston’s ‘ Cotalogue of Coleoptera of Madeira, con-

taining a description of the species discovered since the

publication of his large work on the subject.

“2. Mr. Walker has published three parts of his ‘ Catalogue of

Noctuide, containing the description of many new spe-

cies not mentioned in the later Continental works on the

subject.

“3. Mr. Smith has published another part of his excellent ‘ Cata-

logue of Hymenopterous Insects, containing the family

Vespide ; and he has a ‘ Catalogue of the Species of For-

micide’ quite ready for the press.

107

“T wish I could have added to this list the illustrated ‘ Monograph

of Phasmide,’ by Mr. Westwood, the plates of which have been

ready and all the manuscript of which has been in type for some

months, and is only waiting for the correction of a few pages; and

the ‘ Catalogue of British Coleoptera, which has been so anxiously

looked for, but I fear we can no longer hope for its appearance from the

gentleman who undertook the work, which is the more to be regretted

as I believe he has the material for the work, either in his cabinet or

MSS. The want of this catalogue may be considered as a stigma on

the industry and talents of our entomologists.”

Various works and papers relating to Entomology have appeared

in this country since I last addressed you, evincing a considerable

amount of activity among those naturalists who make insects their

study. ;

The following enumeration will show the chief of the publications

alltided to :—

In the ‘Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society’ there

is the conclusion of Mr. Walker’s “ List of the Homopterous Insects

collected in Borneo by Mr. Wallace,” and Mr. Smith’s “ Catalogue of

the Hymenoptera,” collected also in Borneo, by the same able

collector.

In the ‘ Annals of Natural History’ for 1857 there are the following

papers :—

“Synopsis of the British Edriophthalmous Crustacea,” by Mr. C.

Spence Bate.

“A List of Coleoptera received from Old Calabar,” with a plate

and outline figures, by Mr. Andrew Murray.

“‘ Descriptions of New Ceylon Coleoptera,” by Mr. John Neitner ;

taken from the ‘Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal.’

“Descriptions of eight New Species of Entomostraca found at

Weymouth,” by Mr. J. Lubbock.

In the ‘ Natural History Review’ for 1857 the following entomolo-

gical papers occur :-—

“ Entomological Notes,” by Mr. Haliday.

“On the occurrence of Portunus marmoreus at Birterbee Bay,

Connemara,” by Dr. C. Farran.

108

“ On the Xanthe rivulosa and other Decapodous Crustacea occur-

ring at Valentia Island,” by Dr. J. R. Kinahan.

“On a New Crangon (C. Allmanni), and Notices of other Non-

descript Crustacea,” by Dr. J. R. Kinahan.

“ Carcinological Notes, being a List of the Crustacea Podophthal-

mia of Galway Marine Districts,” by Dr. J. R. Kinahan.

“On a peculiar form of the Ovaries observed in a Hymenopterous

Insect constituting a New Genus and Species of the Family Diapri-

dx,” with a plate, by Mr. Haliday.

“On the remaining blanks in the Natural History of Native

Diptera,” by Mr. Haliday.

“An additional Note on the Metamorphosis of some Species of

Diptera hitherto undescribed or known imperfectly,” with figures, by

Mr. Haliday.

“ An Addendum to the Supplemental Dublin List of Crustacea,”

by Dr. J. R. Kinahan.

“On a New Amphipod (Iphemedia Eblena),” with a plate, by Mr.

Spence Bate.

“ Notes of a Visit to Michelstown Caves, and of the Discovery of

Lepura Stellicedia,” by Mr. E. Percival Wright.

“ Notes on the European Blind Fauna,” by Mr. Haliday.

“ On the Embryo State of Palinurus vulgaris,” by Mr. R. Q. Couch.

“ Analysis of Terrestrial Isopods, with Descriptions of New Genera

and Species,” by Dr. J. R. Kinahan.

In the last volume of the ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society ’

(1856) will be found the following papers :—

“On a New Species of Lepidopterous Insect,” by Mr. G. R. Gray.

The insect described is a female belonging to the genus Ornithoptera,

and is named O. Victoriz. There is a plate attached (No. 39), giving

an excellent representation of this fine insect.

“Descriptions of some Coleopterous Insects in the Collection of

the British Museum, hitherto apparently unnoticed,” by Mr. Adam

White. | This paper contains descriptions of several very interesting

Longicornes and Lamellicornes, with figures, among which will be

found that of Psalidocoptus scaber of White, a very remarkable and

noble insect, from Tana, in the New Hebrides. The Lamellicornes

belong to the family Cetoniade.

** Some Remarks on Crustacea of the Genus Lithodes, with a brief

Description of a Species hitherto unrecorded,” by Mr. Adam White.

109

Lithodes (Petalocerus) Bellianus is here described and well figured,

at page 42.

“ Description of Mygale Emilia, a Spider from Panama, hitherto

apparently unrecorded.” This is a large and very fine species of

Mygale, remarkable for its colour. It is figured at Plate 43.

‘The Zoologist’ continues to afford a variety of information, as

usual, on the habits and localities of British Insects especially, and

besides there are special papers on the following subjects :—

“ On the Classification of the Deltoides and Pyralites of M. Guenée,

with Remarks,” by Mr. C. R. Bree.

“ On Pupa Digging,” by the Rev. J. Greene, M.A.

“ Entomological Botany,” by Mr. H. T. Stainton ; in continuation

of former papers on the same subject.

“ A Systematic List of Coleoptera found in the vicinity of Alver-

stoke, South Hants,” by Messrs. A. Adams and W. B. Baikie; conti-

nuation.

“Sketch of a short Arachnological Excursion,” by Mr. R. H.

Meade.

“A List of the British Species of Aleocharide,” by Mr. G. R.

Waterhouse.

“ List of the Podophthalmous Crustacea occurring in Dublin Bay

and the adjacent Waters,” by Dr. J. R. Kinahan.

“ Determination of the Species of Phryganide described by Mr.

Stephens in his ‘ I]lustrations of British Entomology,” by Dr. Hagen.

I have had the pleasure of examining a copy of a ‘ Catalogue of

the Lepidopterous Insects in the Museum of the Hon. East India

Company, by Dr..Horsfield and Mr. F. Moore. Vol. I., containing

278 pages, an excellent Index, and 18 Plates.

This first volume, although printed, is not yet made public. Itisa

very important addition to our knowledge of the insects of India, and

highly creditable to the Editors. The general superintendence of the

work is by that veteran in science and able naturalist Dr. Horsfield,

and the descriptive part by Mr. Moore, whose knowledge of the Le-

pidoptera is very extensive, and whose care and skill, as exhibited in

the work now under consideration, will not fail to be favourably ap-

preciated by entomologists: 595 species of diurnal Lepidoptera and

50 Sphingides are enumerated in the work, many of which are new to

Science. The plates are very valuable, giving details of the trans-

formations of several species: the first twelve plates are devoted to

110

this desirable purpose, and should be carefully studied by Lepidopte-

rists. The enlightened liberality of the Hon. Court of Directors of

the East India Company, in bearing the cost of a work so highly

creditable to Science, must not be passed without comment, and

should be held up as a bright example of support given to the ad-

vancement of Natural Science.

To Mr. Stainton, whose energies are unabated for the advancement

of Entomology, especially as regards a knowledge of the insects of

Great Britain, we are indebted for another volume of the ‘ Entomolo-

gist’s Annual,’ containing much information, and papers by Dr. Hagen,

on the British Planipennes ; by Mr. Smith, on Aculeate Hymenoptera ;

by Mr. Dawson, on British Geodephaga; by Mr. Janson, on New

Species of British Coleoptera; by the Editor, on New British Lepi-

doptera; by Mr. Westwood, on the Caterpillars of the Saw-flies ; and

by Professor Frey, on the Tinea of the higher Alps. The volume is

accompanied by a well-drawn and coloured plate, on which are figured

nine insects new to this country, and will be found of much use to all

students of British Entomology.

From the same indefatigable hand we have a regular continuance

of the weekly paper, the ‘Intelligencer, in which will be found a

mine of information on the captures and habitats of our insects, with

other particulars of much value.

The editing of a periodical of this description must be a work of

much labour; and as a love of the Science can be the only induce-

ment to keep up the energies of the Editor, entomologists must feel

indebted to him for the great trouble he is taking in trying to infuse

a love of their favourite Science into the public mind. It is evident,

from the number of subscribers to the ‘ Intelligencer,’ that entomolo-

gists abound among the public to a far greater extent than might be

anticipated.

A second volume of the ‘ Natural History of the Tineina’ is ano-

ther of Mr. Stainton’s very meritorious labours, adding greatly to the

knowledge of the economy and transformations of a genus of minute

Lepidoptera: 24 species of Lithocolletis are carefully described, in

all their stages of existence, and admirably represented on eight

coloured plates.

Mr. Dallas has brought his ‘Introduction to Entomology’ to a

111

conclusion. It forms a neat handy volume, and will be found very

valuable to students in Entomology.

In the ‘ Insect Hunters,’ a poem by Mr. Newman, in the style of

Longfellow’s ‘ Hiawatha,’ the author has brought together, in a very

pleasing way, a great deal of really good entomological matter bearing

upon the habits and economy and classification of insects. I can

strongly recommend it to young persons who wish to obtain sound

entomological information; and the kindly tone in which the work is

written is deserving of much commendation. I will not pass an

opinion on the desirability of putting Entomology or any other Natural

History study into verse, as the experiment is novel: time will show

its value ; but possibly to young people the character of the verse

may impress the facts brought forward more strongly on the mind

than if merely stated in the common way.

I am not prepared to give you a sketch of the Continental publica-

tions on the subject of Entomology which appeared last year, but the

following may be mentioned, irrespective of the usual periodicals :—

‘Die Noctuinen Europa’s, by Jules Lederer. ‘This work, pub-

lished at Vienna, gives, in German, descriptions of the genera of the

European Noctuide, including those of Asiatic Russia, Syria and

Labrador, and is accompanied with four outline plates of dissections.

Under each genus the various species included therein are enume-

rated. The work will be found useful to Lepidopterists conversant

with the German language. :

‘Kafferbuch, by Dr. C. O. Calwer; published at Stuttgart, with

] plain and 48 coloured plates. Thisis a natural history of European

beetles, in German, with generic descriptions, and the species arranged

systematically after each genus. Some few species are described ;

but the majority are merely enumerated, with the countries where

they are found, The 48 coloured plates are very well executed, and

contain a large number of figures each. This work, which is sold at

a very low price, will be found of great use to any one studying the

European beetles.

The ‘ Histoire Physique, Politique and Naturelle de Isle de Cuba,

is a thick octavo volume, with Atlas of Plates devoted to the “ Ani-

maux Articulées,” by M. Guérin-Méneville. The author has here

got together a great amount of information on all branches of the

Entomology of Cuba, including the Crustacea and Spiders, and the

work will be found indispensable to all studying the insects of the

112

West India Islands. The Atlas contains 20 plates of admirably

executed figures, with dissections, and are everything that could be

wished for illustrating the letter-press.

‘Fauna Austriaca, die Kifer... Descriptions of the Beetles of

Austria, according to the analytical method. By Ludwig Redtenbacher.

In German: 764 pp. to the Curculionide, genus Anthonomus ;

6 parts.

‘ Neuroptera Austriaca.” Vienna: 1857. An 8vo pamphlet, of 80

pages; by F. Brauer and Franz Low; gives descriptions of the Neu-

ropterous Insects of Austria, in German. There are 5 outline plates

of details of genera and species attached to the work.

‘Insecta Caffrarie,’ Part Il., by C. H. Boheman, is a continuation

of an excellent work on the Insects of South Africa. It contains the

Lamellicorn beetles.

‘Monographie des Cicindelides,’ by M. James Thomson (Paris, 4to),

is a work of much promise: one number is published. The work is

got up with much care, and the plates are beautifully engraved and

coloured, the figures giving excellent representations of the insects.

The high price of the work will, I am afraid, place it out of the reach

of a number of our working entomologists.

‘Archives Entomologiques, by M. J. Thomson (Paris, 8vo), is a

work intended to illustrate new and rare insects, and has already

reached five parts. The Longicornes are the insects chiefly described

and figured as yet. The plates are carefully drawn and well coloured,

and the work appears likely to be of much use to entomologists.

The ‘ Annales des Sciences Naturelles,’ fourth series, vols. v. and vi.,

contain an excellent paper on the Ants of France and Algiers, by

Dr. Wm. Nylander; a paper by M. Schiddte, on the Staphylins

vivipares which are found accompanying the Termites; a paper by

Ch. Lespes, on the Organization and Habits of the Termites lucifuga;

a paper by M. Fabre, on the Instinct and Metamorphoses of the

Sphegide ; a reproduction of M. C. Th. E. De Siebold’s researches

on the Parthenogenesis of the Lepidoptera and Bees.

Erichson’s ‘ Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschlands’ has four

additional parts published during the year, in which will be found a

continuation of the Carabide, by H. Schaum; the Buprestidz, by H.

v. Kiesenwetter; and the conclusion of the Staphylini, by Dr. G.

Kraatz.

Entomology, viewed in the light of an interesting, useful and de-

lightful branch of Natural History, is no goubt advancing in the

113

estimation of the British public; and I see with pleasure Societies

forming in the country, particularly at the English Universities, having

Entomology as their object. The Entomological Society of London

must have at heart the well-being and progress of such kindred

Societies, and I am desirous that it should enter into communication

with them, and show its willingness to aid and assist them as far as

practicable.

Entomology is yet a vast nearly unworked field of research. The

natural history of any insect has not yet been fully written. The

labourers are very few. Let us, therefore, encourage new hands

taking to the work, and new Societies formed for the advance of En-

tomology, and hold out the right hand of good fellowship to all who

have Entomology at heart. They will doubtless do good service to

the cause ; Science will benefit by their exertions, and we shall

arrive at knowledge by their labours.

In relinquishing the Chair of the Entomological Society, for the

second time, I cannot refrain from again tendering to the Officers and

Members of the Society generally my best thanks for the kindness

and attention I have received at their hands during the last two years.

You have made the task of presiding over you an easy one, nay one

of pleasure, and you have kindly overlooked my shortcomings, giving

me, I believe, credit for the intention of upholding the high character

of the Society, and the desire of promoting the best interests of our

Science. Gentlemen, I wish you heartily farewell.

114

Report of the Library and Cabinet Committee.

We have to report that the Collections and Library remain in a good state of

preservation.

With vespect to the Exotic Collections, which the Society have determined to

dispose of, we beg to report that, having obtained every assistance in the task of

recognising the typical specimens, in order to ensure their preservation, they have

been withdrawn from the Collection; and, the greater portion of the Exotic Insects

having been divided out into suitable lots, we now recommend that they be offered to

public competition with as little delay as practicable.

WM. WILSON SAUNDERS,

J. W. DOUGLAS,

FRANCIS P. PASCOE,

FREDK. SMITH,

E. SHEPHERD.

By Balance on hand, January 1, 1857

115

Abstract of the Treasurer's Accounts for 1857.

RECEIPTS.

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SPREE LOE LOOM. sbeponces cenian secpevevaevedccususes <“eseradaseene

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Tea Subscriptions see

Sale of ‘Transactions’ at apne, fee,

A £19 O 6

Sit LOR GMANS’ snesdaveqosgeesse.

Li S89

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Cash of Mr. Saunders, for Coloured Plates of Mr. Plant’s Natal

INP ORNS eds anc cae cx daannbess

Cash of Mr. Spence, Subscription for Ones i to sreairendiGiial Mu-

seum, Kensington .....+... sb eescensees 5

£286

PAYMENTS.

paid arrears for 1856:— Mr. Standish, for Colouring... £2

Messrs. Roworth, for Printing 15 1

Mr. Clyde, for Bookbinding... 4

DMs., Duin, for Oils. icccceivcess 4

Rent to Christmas, 1857

Mr. Day, for Plates

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116

Liabilities and Assets of the Society.

Liabilities. ; Assets.

Ee bas f Stee

Mr. Newman, for Proceedings, Arrears of Subscriptions,

DRG ante Wax ssh ase siceas tikes ae. GPOOd cecseccoreveccsccn LO MEO

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——_——_ True Balance in favour of

£32 14 9 the Society ......s00.£75 9 6}

Balance in favour of Society, Christmas, 1856 ...... £44 4s. 93d.

—_—_—_—_—$<—_———————————

E. NEWMAN, PRINTER, 9, DEVONSHIRE STREET, BISHOPSGATE, LONDON.

117

GENERAL INDEX.

Norr.—Where the name only of an Insect is mentioned, the description thereof is

referred to.

The figures refer to the pages of the Transactions, and the Numerals to the pages of

the Journal of Proceedings.

GENERAL SUBJECTS.

Anniversary Address, 1856. » xl.

1857..ci.

Ants’ nest insects, mode of capturing, xil.

Aru Islands, entomology of, xci.

Corn, destroyed by dipterous larva, v.

Fungus on Heilipus hrachypterus, xevii.

Genera, observations on, 113.

Insects, corrosion of pins by, Ixi.

in amber, xviii.

mouldiness in, Ixi.

of West Canada, Ixxiv.

taken by Dr. Livingstone, Ixx.

Klug, Dr., death of, xli.

Lamb, C., death of, xi.

Larve of Lepidoptera, preparation of, xxxil.

Library and Cabinet Committee Report, 1856. . li.

1857..cxiv.

Musquito tobacco, composition of, Ixvi.

Onward progress of the study of Entomology ; how may it be furthered ? 38.

Pseudogynous Lepidoptera, note on, Ixxil.

Poison with laurel leaves, xxiii.

Prize Essay for 1856, ix.

Recent progress of Micro-Lepidopterology on the Continent, 82.

Rosa canina, galls on, xciv.

Scutellar depression, the, Ixvii.

Sting of a scorpion, effects of, Ixiv.

Spinola, marquis, death of, cii.

Tarsi, structure of the, Ixiii.

Treasurer’s accounts, 1856.. liv.

1857 —cxv.

VOL. IV. N.S. PT. IX.—DEC. 1858.

118

GENERAL SuBsects—continued,

Wing veins of insects, 60.

Yarrell, William, death of, xxiv.

obituary notice of, xli.

APHANIPTERA.

Pulex imperator, a new species, Ixx.

ARACHNIDA.

Acari, in Daguerreotypes, iv.

nuisance of, ix.

Epeira Senegalensis, habits of, xiii.

silk of, xiv.

Spider, the lost, iii.

silk spider of St. Helena, iii.

COLEOPTERA.

Acalolepta pusio, Pascoe, 247.

Aconodes montanns, Pascoe, 107.

Acrocyrta clytoides, Pascoe, 44.

fErenea trigona, Pascoe, 247.

Agelasta irrorata, Pascoe, 100.

Agra, sexual distinctions in the genus, x.

Alphilopola maculosa, Pascoe, 251.

Amphionycha albina, Pascoe, 256.

vittata, Pascoe, 256.

cephalotes, Pascoe, 257.

Anomesia fulvida, Pascoe, 256.

Aphodii, flying by night, xxvii.

Apomecyna atomaria, Pascoe, 253.

binubila, Pascoe, 253.

frenata, Pascoe, 107.

Arrhenotus Wallacei, Pascoe, 242.

Astathes purpurea, Pascoe, 108.

simulator, Pascoe, 44.

straminea, Pascoe, 108.

terminata, Pascoe, 109.

Atomaria, revision of the British species of, 64.

Atomaria analis, Erich., 78.

apicalis, Erich., 78.

atra, Hbst., 74.

atricapilla, Steph., 72.

hasalis, Erich., 76.

Berolinensis, Kraatz, 73

elongatula, Erich., 67.

ferruginea, Sahl., 66.

fimetarii, Hbst., 67.

Set dhe 6 gen) o%

119

CoLeortERA—Cconlinued.

Alomaria fuscula, Schon., 73.

Suscipes, Gyll., 71.

gutta, Steph., 74.

Hislopi, Woll,, 77.

linearis, Steph., 67.

mesomelas, Hbst., 75.

munda, Erich., 76.

nigripennis, Pk., 76.

nigriventris, Steph., 69.

peltata, Kraatz, 70.

pusilla, Pk., 71,

ruficornis, Steph., 79.

umbrina, Gyll., 68.

versicolor, Erich., 80.

Bledius, a new British species of, xxx.

unicornis, note on, lvii.

Blemmya bifasciata, Pascoe, 43.

humeralis, Pascoe, 99.

Whitei, Pascoe, 42.

Brontes planatus, capture of, xxxiv.

Bumetopia oscilans, Pascoe, 252.

Cacia concinna, Pascoe, 101.

confusa, Pascoe, 101.

inculta, Pascoe, 102.

Newmanni, Pascoe, 102.

picticornis, Pascoe, 249.

setulosa, Pascoe, 101.

Calpazia vermicularis, Pascoe, 93.

Cantharocnemis Downesii, Pascoe, 236.

Capnolymma Hygia, Pascoe, 266.

Carabus Blakistoni, Newm., Ix.

Carabus intricatus, found near Plymouth, xxviii.

Carterica cinctipennis, Pascoe, 263.

Cerambyx egenus, Pascoe, 236.

fulvidus, Pascoe, 236.

micaceus, Pascoe, 237.

morosus, Pascoe, 92.

Cereopsius exoletus, Pascoe, 105.

marmoreus, Pascoe, 105.

Clytellus Westwoodii, Pascoe, 97.

Clytus cruentatus, Pascoe, 239.

mustela, Pascoe, 239.

Sappho, Pascoe, 239.

viverra, Pascoe, 240.

Cryphalus binodulus, a new British species, xxvi.

Cryptodus, descriptions of species of, 1.

caviceps, West, 6.

120

CoLgorrEera—continued.

Cryptodus paradorus, Mac L., 2.

Passaloides, Germ. 5.

piceus, Germ, 2.

politus, West. 4.

Tusmannianus, West. 3.

variolosus, White, 2.

Crypiocephalus imperialis,a new British species, |xxxvii.

variabilis, a new British species, Ixxxvii.

Cryptostetha marmorata, Baly, 350.

Cylindrepomus comis, Pascoe, 241.

letus, Pascoe, 241.

peregrinus, Pascoe, 241.

Dasyo improba, Pascoe, 254.

lineata, Pascoe, 254.

Deuteromma callidioides, Pascoe, 98.

testacea, Pascoe, 111.

Dialeges pauper, Pascoe, 47.

Didymocantha thoracica, Pascoe, 98.

Dirphya, a new genus, 262.

Dendrophilus pygmaeus, capture of, xxvi.

Dinarda Maerkelii, capture of, xxv.

Dorcadion? spinipenne, Pascoe, 242.

Dorcasta crassicornis, Pascoe, 264.

oryr, Pascoe, 264.

Dorcatoma rubens, capture of, xxvi.

Doryphora Butesei, Baly, 343.

bella, Baly, 341.

Bohemanni, Baly, 346.

catenulata, Oliv., 348.

18-guttata, Baly, 349.

fiavo-cincta, Bily, 349.

fleruosa, Baly, 342.

Hebe, Baly, 344.

irrorata, Baly, 348.

Javeti, Baly, 342.

mirabilis, Baly, 341.

Sheppardi, Baly, 343.

simulans, Baly, 347.

spectabilis, Baly, 341.

subglobosa, Baly, 346.

Thomsoni, Baly, 347.

trivittata, Baly, 345.

vespertina, Baly, 345.

Whitei, Baly, 348.

Wollastoni, Baly, 344.

Dorysterna cruentata, Baly, 339.

festiva, Baly, 340,

121

CoLreoprera—continued.

Dorysterna pretiosa, Baly, 340.

tibialis, Baly, 339.

Driopea clytina, Pascoe, 244.

Dynamostes audar, Pascoe, 90.

Dynustes Mars, capture of, Ixxxvi.

Ectatosia Moorei, Pascoe, 109.

Ecthoea, a new genus, 250.

Elater Cibboni, Newm., 51.

Jansoni, Newm., 52.

_ Elytvosphera vittata, Baly, 350.

Entelopes brevicollis, Dej., note on, 46.

ioptera, Pascoe, 108.

Wallacei, Pascoe, 46.

Epania, a new genus, 237.

Eris anthriboides, Pascoe, 110.

Eumathes undatus, Pascoe, 251.

Glenea blandina, Pascoe, 259.

collaris, Pascoe, 258.

despecta, Pascoe, 258.

detrita, Pascoe, 259

ertensa, Pascoe, 258.

pulchella, Pascoe, 260.

relicta, Pascoe, 258.

rufina, Pascoe, 259.

veaator, Pascoe, 269.

Golsinda tessellata, Pascoe. 49.

Gyaritus hamatus, Pascoe, 244.

Hathlia Buckleyi, Pascoe, 107.

Sebrina, Pascoe, 252.

Hemilissa, a new genus, 238.

Heterius quadratus, Kug., a new British species, xii.

Homalota confusa, capture of, Ixxvi.

Homeusa acuminata, capture of, Ixxi.

Tole literata, Pascoe, 255.

longicornis, Pascoe, 255.

nigripes, Pascoe, 255.

prolata, Pascoe, 254.

Lemophleus Clematidis, a new British species, Ixxix.

Lema Erichsoni, a new British species, 1xxxvii.

Leptinotarsa vittata, Baly, 351.

signatipennis, Baly, 352.

_ Merioneda puella, Pascoe, 238.

scitella, Pascoe, 238.

Mesosa griseata, Pascoe, 243,

perpleaa, Pascoe, 243.

Monohammus angustus, Pascoe, 49.

aspersus, Pascoe, 48.

blattoides, Pascoe, 48.

122

CoLrorprera—continued.

Monohammus carissimus, Pascoe, 104.

curialis, Pascoe, 246.

diophthalmus, Pascoe, 49.

gravidus, Pascoe, 245.

hilaris, Pascoe, 103.

infelix, Pascoe, 48.

luridus, Pascoe, 47.

permutans, Pascoe, 103.

proletarius, Pascoe, 246.

sobrius, Pascoe, 246.

vicinus, Pascoe, 245.

Monohammus Bowringii, name proposed for a longicorn beetle, xix.

Monotoma, British species of, xcvii.

Moron distigma, Pascoe, 249.

Myrmedonia cognata, capture of, Ixxi.

Myrmedonia@, capture of, xvii.

Nemotragus cincticornis, Pascoe, 110.

Neostenus Saundersii, Pascoe, 91.

Neoxantha amictu, Pascoe, 45.

Noémia flavicornis, Pascoe, 111.

Stevensii, Pascoe, 111.

Noserius tibialis, Pascoe, 95.

Oberea annulicornis, Pascoe, 261.

inclusa, Pascoe, 261.

ophidiana, Pascoe, 262.

rubebra, Pascoe, 261.

sylvia, Pascoe, 261.

umbrosa, Pascoe, 262.

viperina, Pascoe, 262.

Ocalemia vigilans, Pascoe, 265.

Onocephala metallica, Pascoe, 263.

picta, Pascoe, 263.

Pachylocerus plumiferus, Pascoe, 96.

Penthea Saundersii, Pascoe, 103.

Phacellocera Batesii, Pascoe, 242.

Phea acromela, Pascoe, 256.

miniata, Pascoe, 256.

Phebe cretifera, Pascoe, 260.

Phlyarus basalis, Pascoe, 245.

Phymasterna concreta, Pascoe, 105.

Praonetha melanura, Pascoe, 106.

posticalis, Pascoe, 106.

Prionus fossatus, Pascoe, 90.

hydropicus, Pascoe, 91.

Proseicela Chevrolatii, Baly, 35}.

spectabilis, Baly, 351.

Prothema funerea, Pascoe, 43.

123

CoLEor1ERA—continued,

Prothema signata, Pascoe, 43.

Pseudomela Murrayi, Baly, 88.

Natalensis, Baly, 88.

Psilomerus? macilintus, Pascoe, 238.

Pyrestes eximius, Pascoe, 96.

hematicus, Pascoe, 97.

miniatus, Pascoe, 97.

Pyrophorus —? luminosity of, xx.

Quedius dilutatus, capture of, xc.

Rhaphuma placida, Pascoe, 240.

Rhizophagus, British species of, xcvii.

Rhyncolus truncorum, a new British species, Ixxv.

Ropica piperata, Pascoe, 248.

posticalis, Pascoe, 248.

Sagra femorata, pupa case of, xx.

Saperda Bohemani, Pascoe, 257.

erythaca, Pascoe, 257.

Scolytus rugulosus, a new British species, Ixxx.

Scopadus ciliatus, Pascoe, 100.

Seriaia apicalis, Pascoe, 45.

modestu, Pascoe, 45.

Stegenus dactylon, Pascoe, 104.

Sthenias dorsalis, Pascoe, 251.

Stenoderus quietus, Newm., 53.

Stenolophus elegans, capture of, Ixxix.

Sternucanthus picticornis, Pascoe, 95.

Strangalia Fertunei, Pascoe, 265.

Stromatium alienum, Pascoe, 95.

Synelasma bufo, Pascoe, 248.

Symphyletes lateralis, Pascoe, 250.

maculicornis, Pascoe, 250.

Tachyporide, list of British species, Ixxxiii.

Throsci, grooves in the eyes of, Ixviii.

Tmesisternus gratiosus, Pascoe, 99.

Trachys pygmea, note on, Ixxiv.

Triammatus Chevrolati, Pascoe, 47.

Xoanodera magister, Pascoe, 93.

trigona, Pascoe, 92.

Zatrephus inscitus, Pascoe, 94.

pannosus, Pascoe, 94.

Zuphium olens, a new British species, Ixxxviil.

CRUSTACEA.

Calanus brevicornis, Lubbock, 17.

communis, Da. 16.

inconspicuus, Lubbock, 14.

latus, Lubbock, 15.

124

CroustTacea—continued.

Calanus mirabilis, Lubbock, 16.

penicillatus, Lubbock, 14.

Candace pachydactyla, Da., 29.

Clytemnestra Atlantica, Lubbock, 31.

Copilia Atluntica, Lubbock, 32.

Coryceus styliferus, Lubbock, 32.

Sutherlandii, Lubbock, 31.

Diaptomus abdominalis, Lubbock, 28.

dubius, Lubbock, 27.

Entomostraca, collected in the Atlantic Ocean, 8.

Eucheta Atlantica, Lubbock, 19.

Sutherlandii, Lubbock, 20.

Gammari, from a well at Brighton, xxix.

Gammarus subterraneus, Leach, found at Wandsworth, iv.

Helocypris Atlantica, Lubbock, 34.

Pontella setosa, Lubbock, 30.

Rhinealanus cornutus, Da., 18.

Sapphirina Dane, Lubbock, 33.

vpaca, Lubbock, 33.

stylifera, Lubbock, 34.

Undina Dane, Lubbock, 21.

Helene, Lubbock, 25.

longipes, Lubbock, 23.

plumosa, Lubbock, 24.

pulchra, Lubbock, 26.

DIPTERA.

Acanthina longicornis, Walk., 120.

porcata, Walk., 120.

Agromyza invaria, Walk., 232.

Anthrax albirufa, Walk., 143.

angustipennis? Macq., 14}

argentilatus, Walk., 142.

combinata, Walk., 143.

commiles, Walk., 141.

conclusa, Walk., 139.

decemmacula, Walk., 139

dorsalis, Walk., 138.

ineaacta, Walk., 140.

latifascia, Walk., 142.

lineata, Walk., 140.

lurida, Walk., 139.

sobricula, Walk., 144.

solita, Walk., 140.

subsenex, Walk., 144.

Arvicia ignava, Walk., 217.

inscia, Walk., 217.

eee

125

Dirtera—continued.

Asilus firmatas, Walk., 130.

mendax, Walk., 130.

Shalumus, Walk., 130.

Bengalia depressa, Walk., 211.

Bibio Zealundicus, Walk., 235.

Bombylius areolatus, Walk., 145.

Borborus Amazonicus, Walk., 222.

Ceratophya bicolor, Walk., 151.

luridescens, Walk., 151.

Ceria divisa, Walk., 152.

Conops, observations on the habits of the genus, 285.

Cordyligaster tipuliformis, Walk., 205.

Cynomyia auriceps, Walk., 209.

Dasypogon e@qualis, Walk., 127.

Grantii, Newm., 57.

suavis, Walk., 127.

Dexia albicans, Walk., 204.

eatrema, Walk., 203.

Silipes, Walk., 202.

spinosa, Walk., 204.

Dichromyia? punctipennis, Walk., 225.

Diptera, characters of undescribed species in the collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq.,

119, 190.

Dorycera? conspersa, Walk., 221.

Drosophila valida, Walk., 232.

Dryomyza cingulipes, Walk., 220.

Echinomyia furiosa, Walk., 194.

platymesa, Walk., 195.

stolida, Walk., 195.

Empis reciproca, Walk., 147.

Ephydra brevis, Walk., 233.

lata, Walk., 233.

nana, Walk., 234.

oscitans, Walk , 233.

Eurigaster cuprescens, Walk., 196.

languida, Walk., 198.

Tasmania, Walk., 197.

Geron albidum, Walk., 146.

tenue, Walk., 147.

Glossina morsitans, note on, Ixxxix.

Gonia estroides, Walk., 201.

Helomysza lata, Walk., 219.

marginalis, Walk., 220.

robusta, Walk., 220.

Helophilus auratus, Walk., 153.

scitus, Walk., 152.

strenuus, Walk., 152.

126

DirtEeRA—continued.

Herina decisa, Walk., 227.

determinata, Walk., 227.

divisa, Walk., 228.

intrudens, Walk., 228.

nigritula, Walk., 228.

Hilara plebeia, Walk., 148.

Hippobosca viridipes, Walk., 235.

Hylemyia fasciata, 217.

Idia extensa, Walk., 211.

simplex, Walk., 212.

varia, Walk., 212.

Lampria cilipes, Walk., 128.

Lamprogaster lepida, Walk., 226.

Laphria fortipes, Walk., 128.

Lepidophora secutor, Walk., 145.

vetusta, Walk., 145.

Leptogaster cingulipes, Walk., 131.

Lomatia fasciolaris, Walk., 144.

Lonchea albimanus, Walk., 222.

Loxoneura Perilampoides, Walk., 226.

Lucilia basifera, Walk., 213.

pinguis, Walk., 213.

Lycastris albipes, Walk., 155.

Masicera albescens, Walk., 199.

inclinans, Walk., 199.

longiuscula, Walk., 198.

Merodon torpidus, Walk., 153.

Microdon testaceus, Walk., 152.

Morellia indecora, Walk., 215.

Musca ruficornis, Walk., 215.

Mydas effracta, Walk., 126.

signata, Walk., 126.

Oscinis scita, Walk., 231.

Pachymyia jactans, Walk., 210.

? note on, Ixxxii.

Walkeri, Newm., 56.

Phora nebulosa, Walk., 234.

Pipiza divisa, Walk., 156.

dolosa, Walk., 156.

Pica, Walk., 156.

Pipunculus translatus, Walk., 150.

Philipota limosa, Walk., 125.

Phthiria lineifera, Walk., 146.

lurida, Walk., 146.

Phytomyza diminuta, Walk., 233.

solita, Walk., 232.

Platypalpus vicarius, Walk., 148.

Pangonia

127

DipTrera—continued.

Psilopus ungulivena, Walk., 149.

Pyrellia facilis, Walk., 214.

torpida, Walk., 214.

Rhamphomyia expulsa, Walk., 148.

tristes, Walk., 148,

Rhoga lutescens, Walk., 157.

Ropalomera nebulosa, Walk., 225.

substituta, Walk., 225.

tibialis, Walk., 224.

Sarcophaga decedens, Walk., 207.

injuncta, Walk., 208.

punctipennis, Walk., 208.

subsericans, Walk., 207.

Scataphaga Canadensis, Walk., 218.

Sciomyza terminalis, Walk., 219.

Senostoma ? punctum, Walk., 205.

Silvius nitescens, Walk., 124.

Sophira distorta, Walk., 230.

Stratiomys inanimis, Walk., 121.

Syritta transversa, Walk., 153.

Syrphus subchalybeus, Walk., 157.

Tabanas bitinctus, Walk., 123.

cingulifer, Walk., 123.

humillimus, Walk., 124.

imponens, Walk., 122.

mallophoroides, Walk., 123.

unicinctus, Walk., 122.

Tachydromia postica, Walk., 149.

vittupennis, Walk., 149.

Temnocera circumdata, Walk., 154.

integra, Walk., 155.

trifascia, Walk., 154.

Tetanocera lateralis, Walk., 221.

Thereva arida, Walk., 133.

seutellaris, Walk., 133.

Trichopthalma albibasis, Walk., 134.

bivitta, Walk., 135.

letilinea, Walk., 134.

primitiva, Walk., 134.

Trixa? sejuncta, Walk., 200.

Trupanea leucopyga, Walk., 129.

venerabilrs, Walk., 129.

Trypeta lutescens, Walk., 229.

sinica, Walk., 229.

tubifera, 230.

Ulidia? fulviceps, Walk., 227.

Xylophagus basipunctatus, Walk., 121.

128

HOMOPTERA.

Aphis Quercus, note on, xcv.

Cicada hematodes, note on, Ixv.

Cocews pela, wax secreted by, xxxiii.

Dorthesia Characias, parturition of, v.

Notonecta glauca, habits of, xci.

| Phyllomorpha Livingstonii, West., xxi.

HYMENOPTERA.

Chelostoma florisomnis, habits of, Ixxvii.

Formica brunnea, Latr., 278, a new British species, Ixxxvii.

congerens, Nyl., 278.

Formicide, British genera and species, 274.

Lamprocolletes bipectinatus, Smith, xxxi.

Myrmecina Latreilli, Curtis, 284.

Myrmica acervorum, Fabr., 280.

cespitum, Latr., 279.

denticornis, Curtis, 279.

JSugaz, Latr., 283.

levinodis, Nyl., 279. 3

lippula, Nyl., 279, a new British species, Ixxxix.

lobicornis, Nyl., 279.

molesta, Say, 284.

nitidula, a new British species, Ixxxix.

Nylanderi, Foerst, 280.

pallidula, Nyl., 282.

ruginodis, Nyl., 279.

scabrinodis, Ny]l., 279.

sulcinodis, Nyl., 279.

Westwoodii, Steph., 281.

Sirex dupler, injurious to Scotch Firs, xevi.

Stylops, observations on the difficulties attending the discrimination of the species

of, 115.

Trigona leviceps, note on, xeviil.

Trypozylon, habits of the genus, Ixxvii,

LEPIDOPTERA.

Acherontia Atropos, found in a bee-hive, Ixx.

Agdistes Bennettii, larva of, xvi.

Antispila Pfeifferella, Hub., 268.

Rivillei, Staint , 269.

Treitschkiella, Fisch., 268.

Le ee ee |

i te Bary

129

Lrerrpoprenra—contlinued,

Apatura Iris, varieties of, xc.

Arctia Caja, variety of, xii.

Argyunis Euphrosyne, variety of, xcvii.

Botys silaciulis, taken in the Isle of Wight, xxv.

Bryophila perla, economy of, viii.

Caradrina Cubicularis, larva injurious to grapes, xxi.

Castulo Doubledayi, Newm., 55.

Clerome Arcesilaus, Fab., 183.

Busiris, Westw., 187.

Eumeus, Drury, 183.

Faunula, Westw., 186.

Phaon, Erichs , 185.

Stomphar, Westw., 186.

Coleophora Wockeella, larva of, xii.

Deilephila Dalii, Newm., 54,

Depressaria Libanotidella? a new British species, xxvi.

Discophora Zal., Westw., 188.

Drepana Sicula, capture of, xxii.

Drusilla catops, Boisd., 181.

Horsfieldii, Swains., 181.

Mylecha, Westw., 182.

Phorcas, Westw., 182.

Selene, Boisd., 181.

Urania, Linn., 180.

Epischnia diversalis, a reputed British species, iv.

Elachista, aberrant species of, 267.

Elachista abbreviatella, Staint., 299.

adscitella, Staint., 310.

aire, Frey, 308. -

albifrontella, Hub, 298.

anserinella, Fisch., 319.

apicipunctella, Staint., 298.

arundicella, Fisch., 306.

atricomella, Staint., 300.

Bedellella, Sircom., 303.

hiatomella, Staint., 315.

bifasciella, Treitsch., 399.

bistictella, Tengst., 323.

cerusella, Hub., 314.

chrysodesmella, Fisch., 313.

cinctella, Zell., 310.

cinereopunctella, Haw., 299.

cingillella, Fisch., 312.

collitella, Fisch., 318.

consortella, Logan, 307.

constitella, Zell., 320.

130

LEPIDOPTERA—Ccontinued.

Elachista contaminatella, Zell., 314.

cygnipennella, Hub., 322,

disemiella, Zell., 316..

dispilella, Zell., 317.

dispositella, Mann., 305.

dispunctella, Fisch., 316.

eleochariella, Staint., 315.

ertensella, Staint., 304.

Jestucicolella, Zell., 321.

flavicomella, Staint., 300.

JSuscochreella, Frey, 322.

gangabella, Fisch., 312.

Gleichenella, Fab., 297.

Gregsoni, Staint., 302.

griseella, Zell., 305.

grossepunctella, Herr.-Schiaff., 321.

Helvetica, Frey, 301.

Holdenella, Edleston, 302.

humilis, Zell., 306.

incanella, Fisch, 304.

Kilmunella, Staint., 301.

luticomella, Zell., 300.

magnificella, Tengst., 297.

Megerlella, Staint., 311.

Mihligiella, Frey, 323.

nigrella, Hub., 302.

nitidulella, Fisch., 321.

nobilella, Fisch., 297.

obliquelia, Staint., 311.

obscurella, Staint., 305.

ochreella, Staint., 322.

perplexella, Staint., 308.

poe, Dougl., 309.

pollinariella, Zell., 317.

pollutella, Fisch., 321.

pullella, Fisch., 308.

quadrella, Hub , 296.

rectifasciella, Staint., 304.

revinctella, Zell., 310.

Rhynchosporella, Staint., 315.

rudectella, Fisch., 320.

rufocinerea, Haw., 319.

salicis, Tengst., 323.

serricornis, Logan, 313.

stabilella, Staint., 303.

subnigrella, Dougl., 307.

131

Liprporrera— continued.

Elachista subocellea, Steph., 318.

teniatella, Zell., 312, economy of, xii.

telragonella, Herr.-Schaff., 296.

trapeziella, Staint., 296.

triatomea, Haw., 317.

triseriatella, Staint., 320.

tristictella, Tengst., 323.

utonella, Frey, 314.

sonariella, Tengst., 311.

Goneplteryx Rhamni, economy of, vii. xiii.

Graphiphora ditrapesium, capture of, xxii.

Hemithea smaragdaria, capture of, Ixxxii.

Hyponomeuta vigintipunctatus, larva of, xxx.

Laphygma exigua, description of the larva, Ixii.

Laverna conturbatella, a new British species, xix.

Raschkiella, a new British species, xix.

Lebeda cuneilinea, Walk., 58.

Lepidoptera of Natal, transformations of, 58.

Lepidoptera, pairs of species in, lviii.

Lepidopterous larva, longevity of a, viii.

Leucania vitellina, a new British species, xxxiv.

Macaria notataria, malformations of, xxii.

Macroglossa Nor, Newm., 54.

Miaodia Hawkerana, bred from sea-spurge, ]xxi.

Morpho, oriental species of butterflies related to, 158.

Nyctegretes achatinella, a new British species, xxii.

Ocnerostoma piniariella, economy of, iv.

Ornithoptera, habits and transformations of a species of, 272.

Peacock Butterfly, sound produced by, ii.

Petasia nubeculosa, taken in Perthshire, xii.

Phlogophora empyrea, capture of, Ixxxviii.

Porrectaria laricella, damage by the larva of, xx.

Retinea Turionana, capture of, Ixxy.

Saturnia 1? silk of, xx.

Scopula decrepitalis, capture of in Rosshire, xxi.

Stephensia Brunnichella, Linn., 270.

Synemon, habits of the species, x. ‘

Thaumantis Aliris, Westw., 176.

Camadeva, Westw., 177.

Diores, Doubl., 171.

Howqua, Westw., 178.

Klugius, Zink. Somn., 173.

Lucipor, Westw., 173.

Noureddin, Westw., 175.

Nourmahal, Westw., 178.

Odana, Godt., 170.

Ramdeo, Moore, MSS., 172.

: 132

NEUROPTERA.

Hemerobius variegatus, uote on, xii.

Phryganee, deposition of eggs of, xxvii.

ORTHOPTERA.

Forficula maritima, a new British species, xxxix.

Locusta migratoria, capture of, Ixxxvii.

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bp & ee yewebe He ed ‘ te . F

rg ael atl ca a wae \ i '

Oy Wd ae how ‘ te pactive ' ‘ ut

thee hava Wee ’ vil ' ‘ ' ’ i ‘

Le pe by wee fh ibiee ‘ i¥ ( 5

Ca howe Wr be CM de a eckes) beri itd ‘ ’ ’

eb rR ie ets TR an eit i Wa ' ;

Lee x on KWL ek Wbtieb tog ' ‘ ‘ '

ee ey heed Ureee he " Wily HHts i

ey 8 i by tea We eg ba in i i i

Cy ’ a breve ws hea? ries ri i ‘

m4 Os a WE AMAL UND ak Peco ee a) ; vi ;

ot hin wae Whore wae ee heed ' i :

ye bod Bde tt ate cy i ‘ ‘