OFFICERS.

1849.

MheRevaWie ItRBYplvleAss, Bik S-4:CC Co to,4. crore e rere e's n.e evarsvere Hon. President.

G. R. Wareruousse, Esq.....-.... 9o00000000 ogo000G0000 President.

WV SAUNDERS gHiSGy Palas Sajctclclelelteiicte eleisveley rerelelatoxe oe? ee ,

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Vice- President.

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Library and Cabinet Committee.

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containing Abstracts of the Papers read, is printed for gratuitous distribu-

tion amongst the members; and for sale to the public, price 1s. per sheet.

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well as the Foreign Members.

Mr. G. Newrort’s Prize Essay upon Athalia centifolia, or the Black

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CONTENTS

VOLUME V.

Officers of the Society for 1849

Price of the Transactions

Explanation of the Plates

Addenda et Corrigenda .

Additions to the Library from the 1st January, 1847, to the 31st Decem-

ber, 1849 .

Additions to the Collections from 1st January, 1847, to 31st December,

1849

By-Laws of the Entomological Society of London, altered and adopted

at a Special Meeting held on the 8th November, 1848

]

Journal of Proceedings from January, 1847, to December, 1849 . i—lxxxix

General Index to Volumes I. to V. .

VI.

MEMOIRS.

PEA ROT. §.. 1847.

. On the Habits of the “ Drivers,” or Visiting Ants of West Africa.

By the Rev. Tuomas S. Savace, M.D., &c..

. Description of the Driver Ants mentioned in the preceding Article.

By J. O. Westwoop, Esq., F.L.S., &c.

. Descriptions of two new Goliath Beetles from Cape Palmas. By

J. O. Westwoop, Esq., F.L.S., &.

. Description of a new British Moth. By J. W. Dovetas, Esq.

. Description of a new Species of the Coleopterous Family Pousside,

from India. By J. O. Wesrwoop, Esq., F.L.S., &c. .

Description of another new Species of Paussus from India, with

Notes of other additional Species. By J. O. Westwoop, Esq.,

Fuls.5,5) ees AP Mee nak atts ED eae ck RAT,

. 239

oe:

vi CONTENTS.

Page

VII. On the Gall formed by Diphucrania auriflua, Hope, a

Species of Buprestidc. By W. W. Saunvers, Esq., F.L.S. 27

Journal of Proceedings? . > .'sy “of «02° 2), ee = i

PART II. 1847.

VIII. Description of a new Species of Paussus from Southern

Africa. By J. O. Westwoop, Esq, F.L.S.,&c. . . . 29

IX. Descriptions of some new Species of Exotic Cetoniide. By

the Rev. F. W. Hors, F.R.S., &c. °

X. Descriptions of two new Exotic Species of the Genus Papilio.

By J. O. -Westwoop, Esq., F-L.S.,&e. . . . . - » 36

XI. Description of some Species of the Lepidopterous Genus

Oiketicus, from Ceylon. By Roserr Temp.eron, Esq.,

XII. Remarks on the Habits and Economy ofa Species of Ovketicus,

found near Sydney, New South Wales. By W. W. Saunpers,

Bsq...e se Sh eeeeeee, Wako cos Pte enw meee

XIII. Notes upon Ceylonese Lepidoptera. By Rosert Tempe-

TON HSUs gO csp ce vel) sic ic oe. Seaman

XIV. Notes on Indian Lepidoptera. By Captain Tuomas Hutton 45

Jopmalyor Rroceedinos® « padg. scoelem cee te atoMe ys) rang el NY,

PART OI. 1848.

XIV. Notes on Indian Lepidoptera. By Captain Tuomas Hutton

== (COMEANUCEH): +" is.) ye ak S Batle Pa Be deals acta oumls eo eS

XV. Descriptions of several new Species of Heleide from Australia.

By the Rev. FW. Hore; F.RS.,.0ce5 om) wavs ol Gi. 52

XVI. Observations on the Spher figulus of Linneus (Tryporylon

jigulus, Latr. Fab., &c.), and other Hymenoptera. By F.

Smitu, Esq. Statens (is: Maier wc Sao er eee

XVII. Description of Chetrotonus Parrii, a new Species of the

Family Euchiride. By J. E. Gray, Esq., F.R.S., &e. . 59

XVIII. Notes on Aphides. By F. Wauxer, Esq. . . . . . . 60

XIX. Notes on the Natural History of Aphides. By Dr. H.Scuaum 62

XX. Two Decades of new Cetoniide. By Dr. H.Scuaum . . 64

Journalpot Proceedings..%). is. ty eluke ee) ome ea ee KVL

CONTENTS. vil

PART IV. -1848.

Page

XX. Two Decades of new Cetoniide. sei Dr. H. Scuaum—

(continued) . «. - . . 69

XXI. Monograph of the British Sitios of te Genne Chry ‘ysopa.

By W.. Bo Hivans, Esq. 5. 0 5. S5) cy eye os SEP:

XXII. Description and Notes upon some new and rare Caper

By J.. Fos. Parky, Esq.,)FE.S.- . . . 80

XXIII. Extract of a Letter from Capt. Tuomas ig in HL E.L.C.,

to. J. O: Weatwoon, eqs 2 05.)* 408 3) ee, eee 80

XXIV. Descriptions of some new Species of Mydaside from Western

Australia. By J. O. Westwoop, Esq., F.L.S.,&ce. « - 87

XXYV. Descriptions of some new Exotic Species of Acroceridé

(Vesiculosa, Latr.), a Family of Dipterous Insects. By

J. O. Westwoop, Esq., F.L.S.,&c.. . . . . +--+ - 91

Journal of Proceedings. . . - 2. + + © + + « «© © «© ¢ © XXIX

PART V. 1848.

XXVI. Note on a Variety of Segetia Ae ssh J. W.

Wouauas, Esqe sj = 5 OE

XXVII. Sketch of the Genus Preibicssih peionanty to the Hemip-

terous Family Scutelleride. By W.S. Datuas, Esq. . . 100

XXVIII. Description of some Species of Geometride from South

America, forming a new Genus. By E. Dousiepay, Esq.,

Bal Srueia sa SOS seals. = dng Suet ge ie aire

Journal of Proceedings 5. fu) -5 4) es he G) Sse es ee

PARE VE, #849.

XXIX. Descriptions of some i ace. British pent

By Wi: Wine; Esq... “25. oop ls

XXX. Extracts from a Paper by Zeller, published in ihe Rifioea

Entomologica, Vol. 3, on the “ Leaf-mining Tinee, with

Eye-caps” (Augendeckeln), with Remarks. - He

Stamton, Esq. . . . « soy (on te 2

XXXI. On the Synonyms of Tinea festaliella of Hiibner. By H.T.

STAINTON USdees eee of che ffs sce” a) vole yey yc ke

XXXII. Descriptions of several new Species of Ce/oniide collected in

India by Col. Hearsey, Capt. Boys, and W. H. Benson, ma

By J. O. Westwoop, Esq., F.L.S.,&c. - . . es

XXXIII. On the Species of Depressaria, a Genus of Te and the

allied Genera Orthotelia and Everetia. By H. T.

STAINGON, DSGs cs 4 sls se) «8 1 ae eo WOR

Vill CONTENTS.

PART VII. - 1849.

Page

XXXIII. On the Species of Depressaria, Orthotelia, and Everetia

—(CONGINUEE ite aR ee Fos | ME ee oem as te LOU

XXXIV. On the British Species of the Genus Gelechia of Zeller.

By. We Doucwas disqsa-s cs |: a. ener tc

XXXV. Descriptions of some new Species of Coleoptera. By J. F.

N.PARRY, Hsgi, PaliS.e es a ee! Ge eee te une

XXXVI. Notice of some Hemipterous Insects from Boutan (East

Indies), with Descriptions of the new Species. By W. S.

DALLAS, Hisgs5 S20. oy a pce ects eiiaeigsa s= 4 2 LOO

Jourmalyof éProceedings | (05 Wie. fhe: Saasa aPelAteeiae tee Uotxlin

PART VIL, 1849)

XXXVI. Notice of some Hemipterous Insects from Boutan. By

W.S. Datuas, Esq., F.L.S.—(continued.) . . . . 191

XXXVITI. On the British Species of the Genus Gelechia of Zeller.

By J. W. Douctas, Esq.—(continued.)}. . . . . . 195

XXXVIII. Descriptions of some new Exotic Coleoptera. By J. O.

Winstwoop, Wsg., FALIS@&c...0a) 6 eae sys +e 202

Journalvof Proceedings, cw). +< ssae 5 couse. Wes fv ticl geet, tl Debcvii

By-Laws altered and adopted at a Special Meeting held November 8,

SSO Me ete ae cee nee vu See” us Se tow ta et ae eet

PART IX. 1849.

XXXIX. On some new Species of Erycina. By W. W. Saunpers,

ISG Geb wise eel. eee eee ee en Eee ce sel

XL. On a new Species of the Dipterous Genus Ceria. By

IW. Wi. SAUNDERS, MEsGi sl SO. egies ie ilan ts 2 « 200

XLI. Diptera nonnulla Exotica descripta. By J.O.Wersrwoop,

Isic, Seeds ee ol Dementia te Mer hs). oer oneie amen

Generaleindexitow ols. o——Ve~ cy s usm sss 5 psu edie DumeEmeoe

ContentsiofaViol. Vi, Mitles&c. 9s. eg. s+ 4 ie) eadeeo nee. pee

Additions to the Library from Ist January, 1847 . . . . «w . . Xi

Additions to the Collections from Ist January, 1847 . . . . . . XV

SOUMMBL Ol PLOCCEEINES 4 civ ke ol 4s oi Vig a Re atuey aun ietlte eee KEY,

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

———<-——

PLATE PAGE

I. Smicorhina Sayii......ccecsercees Spodounccdcoooeanaose. Le)

Megalorhina Harrisii .......+. oboe noo 0006 acloomogomond 20

UP Anchuyloperarsubvarcuanaicclereseieis)eiricyelels ee lclel<iaicleleieleleieieleiei so) 2 L

Merismoderus Bensoni......- opomoooopGoe anoinocendobGoES PA!

Paussts! Jer dante ercielete «as clatelele Rieisiersicistetere crater aD oO.6oI0bOD 26

Diphucrania auriflua and the galls formed thereby ......... o PU

PCUSSUSPE. GUTGTUSH eters) state eet rel tel etenere slalelcleteheleberstersiaraietalaleie ion oo,

DIT. Papilio Erostratus and P.1Zetes 000 «10 soc oe ssieicis +s Sco0m00 Ghi)

IVE: New Eixotics@etontid@: W.1ic vic cio ctaie se as lei ou welelaccie oes 500 | GY

Vi Oiketicus tentius and On Consortuse’s so s'c.c0.00 ode ee ce snee oe 39

Saturnia Selene (Plectropteron Diana).....+++seceesereee « 45

VI. & VII. New Species of Heleide .......... aoerone aller sferavelevete! oy new | Oe

WEIS New Species ole Cetontidast cote els alas srafemnle oe \otyois elsicise «0 64

IX. & X.

XI.

XII.

XIII.

XIV.

XV.

XVI.

XVII.

XVIII.

XIX.

XX. & XXI.

XXII.

XXIII.

Nemoptera Huttii ......++++++++++ Journal of Proceedings, xxvii

British Species of the Genus Chrysopa .......eeeeeeeeeeeee 77

Cicindela Assamensis and Cx Shivalt) sie ccleie «' cfeieesvele +) ele|« se 6 80

Protetia Whitehousii .......- steleiaierallalsievers Sopoocaueococen Oh

Macronota quadrivittata......esseeeeeees wisicleisialsletel elel.slel sie 81

Clinteniaganceriaartarer srevelcte stale) of elelalelereietelelereyeverelaievereicicvartas 81

Chinteniaypantienviiaie states \ereletatelare) cialere stole sielete ol stevere otsteratere 82

Din honianiuly osahmele\e stetelejetevol-\cleleleloteys/aisiieieleiel ols soleleleleyeleieie 8

Piycoraylenocuniiai stig sera terloiolcie celeron velco s sestsistel cts Yatetoete 82

Metaxymorpha Grayii.....se see ceceeee helalelerelelctelotersrara ess 82

Species of Geometride, forming the new Genus Erateina ..... 110

New Species of Diptera (Mydasid@).........-- otib OOOO ObOr 87

New Species of Hemiptera (Genus Pecilocoris) ....++.+. ace) LOO

Segetia xanthographa, variely..... 560 00Dt ejotelatclh erevereneronst= Aes)

Hermaphrodite British Lepidoptera .....+++.06+ 5000 00000 119

Satwunmia [eto) o/s eee eise « -....--Journal of Proceedings, li

New Species of Cetuniide ..... auetsroreilels ete) chelsls) elerere HOODS OC 144

New Species of Depressaria ..........005 pen coesansHdooD 151

New Species of Coleoptera........++- poosonoT pooD0d0I00 06 179

ELEMUPLEn GAG MP DOULA eleliotel letersi! s eieielalelel ciels’eheletelera!=\clelorelele 186

New Species of Erycina....... bog ooddODCOR BOO OOUOOL ee 215

New Exotic Coleoptera ......... “00660000 00,00 siet feretoneteyats 202

New Species of Erycina and Diptera ......++++++ee0e 215 & 231

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA.

Page xxvii—Journal of Proceedings, line three from bottom, for female read male, .

and in the last line for male read female.

li—Journal of Proceedings, line six from bottom, add (Pl. XV.)

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY

FROM THE lst JANUARY, 1847, TO THE 31st DECEMBER, 1849.

The Academy ...... Académie de Sciences de Belgique, Annales et Bulletin de.

Vols. 13 and 14.

IDRE@ coo oocoso Dc — Annuaire. 1848.

Ditto ...........—————_ Mémoires Couronnés et Mémoires des Savans

Etrangers. 1848. Vols. 20 and 21.

The Academy ......Académie Royale de Bruxelles, Nouveaux Mémoires de I’.

Vols. 19 and 20.

ID)URY GoobauGeooe — Annuaires de. 1846 and 1847.

The Author ........Akis Punctata and Donacie, Notes on. By M. Mulsant.

The Publisher...... Almanac, The Naturalist’s. 1847.

The Author ........Animals still found in a living State in the Stomachs of

Oysters, On the. By the Rev. J. B. Reade.

The Editor ........ Atheneum, The. May, September, October, November,

December, 1846; November and December, 1847; Feb-

ruary to December, 1848 ; April to August, 1849.

The Author ........ Athlophorus Klugiit, Memoir on. By Dr. H. Burmeister.

Royal Academy ee Akademie der Wissenschaften, Abhandlungen

Bavaria -...0. der Mathemat. Physikal. Viert. Band. 3 Abth.

Ditto ....606--..———— —— — Almanac of. 1847.

Ditto) se.ehels e126 <— ae Bulletin of. 1846. pp. 1—77.

ins Ghilngecoovesce Berwickshire Naturalists’ Field Club, Annual Address deli-

vered to. By R. Embleton, Esq.

LOMKGY Gooleo Gooner — -—-—— Proceedings of. Pp. 197—260.

W. Spence, Esq..... British Association for the Advancement of Science, Reports.

1843—1847.

The Author ........- Broscosoma, a new Genus of Carabide, Description of. By

M. Putzeys.

Whey Editor’ <a... Calcutta Journal of Natural History. No, 17—24.

The Library........—— Public Library, Catalogue of, and Report of

Librarian.

The Author ........ Carabiques, Observations sur quelques Genres de. By M.

Le Baron Chaudin.

Ditto ...,.......Carabiques et Hydrocanthares du Caucase, Enumeration de.

By M. Le Baron Chaudin.

xl ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY

The Author ........Catalogus des Insectes recueillies par M. Lehman. By M.

Ménétries.

The Author ........Coléoptéves Phytophages, Monographie de. Vol. 1. By M.

Th. Lacordaire.

The Author ........Conspectus Crustaceorum. Part 1. By — Dana, Esq.

The Author....... .Curculionidum, Generum et Specierum Catalogus. By M.

H. Jekel.

The Author ........——-——-—— Mantissa Secunda. By M. C. J. Schénherr.

Committee of Museum.. Dublin University Museum, Report of.

The Author........Entomographie de la Russie. Vol. 4. By Dr. Fischer de

Waldheim.

The Editor ........Gazette, The Agricultural. May, 1847.

The Author ........Genera Insectorum. Part 10. By Dr. H. Burmeister.

bewAthon cyorie relate Genera et Species Trichopterorum. Part]. By Dr. F. A.

Kolenati.

ThevAuthoer <<... .. Handbuch der Entomologie. Vol. 5. By Dr. H. Bur-

meister.

The sAuthor ss: te.c.0chee Hessian Fly, Memoir on. By Dr. Asa Fitch.

The Author .......- Homoptera, Nya Svenska beskrifna. By C. H. Bohemann.

The Author........Illustrations of British Entomology. Part 86. By J. F.

Stephens, Esq.

The Author ........-Insectes Coléoptéres de la Siberie Orientale. By M. Le

Comte Mannerheim.

The Author ........Insectes Nuisibles a l’Agriculture. By M. Guerin-Mé-

néville.

The Author........Insectes Nuisibles aux Foréts, &. By M. Guerin-Mé-

néville.

HuhevAMthor l/s 6s bye ste Insects, Winter, of New York. By Dr. A. Fitch.

The Author ........ Insecta Caffraria. Pars1. By C. H. Bohemann.

W. Spence, Esq. ....Introduction to Entomoiogy. New Edition, 2 vols. By

Messrs, Kirby and Spence.

W. Spence, Esq. ....James Crowther, Notice of.

Imperial Soc. Nat. yJubilaum Semisecularem Doctoris Medicine et Philoso-

Moscow .:.2... § phia G. Fischer de Waldheim.

The Author ........Kaferfauna der Preuszischen Rheinlande. Vol. 1. 8vo. By

M. Bach.

Ent. Soe. Stettin ....Linnaza Entomologica. Vols. 2 and 3.

The Author, .. <0). Lithosia Carniola, Istoria dei Bruci et Larvi della. By Prof.

C. Passerini.

The Author........Littel’s Living Age. Part 21.

SINCE 1847. XV

The Editor ..,......London Geological Journal. Nos. 2 and 3.

The Lyceum ....-.Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York, Annals of. Vol. 4, parts

6=11.

The Editor ..... .--Magazine, The Agricultural. December, 1846. January to

~ June, 1847.

MherAnthor) ter etera'16 Materials for a Fauna and Flora of Swansea. By L. W.

Dilwyn, Esq.

The Author .....+...Memoir on the Circulation in the Larve of Insects. By Dr.

Verloren.

M. Foester........-Miegen, J. W., Portrait of.

Mr. Topping ....... Musca Vomitoria, A magnified Figure of the Proboscis of.

The Author ........ Museardine, La. By M. Guerin-Ménéville.

The Author ..... .-- Natural History, On the Study of, as a Branch of Education.

By R. Patterson, Esq.

-Nécessité d’introduire ]’Etude de Zoologie dans |’Enseigne-

ment Agricole. By M. Guerin-Ménéville.

The Editor......... Newspaper, Douglas Jerrold’s. Feb. 22, 1847.

The Author ......

MhevAuthorieretc terete Observations on the Application of Electricity and Galvanism

as Auxiliaries to Medicine and Surgery. By — Wright,

Esq.

MhePpAuthor 1.) -ysre10 «16 On the Closure or Obstruction of the Eustachian Tube. By

— Wright, Esq.

MhevAuthor’ «2 <1. « -t'. Palingeria Longicauda, Olivier, Beitrige zur nahern Kennt-

niss der. By Prof. C. Cornelius.

‘hel Author <-x6.</2 27-16 Pasimachus, Monograph of the Species of, in the United

States. By Major Leconte.

G. Ransome, Esq... . Portraits of Living Naturalists.

The Author........Potatoe Disease, A Treatise on. By J. Parking.

Rev. F. W. Hope....Silk, Engravings Illustrative of the Culture of, by the Chinese.

The Lnstitution......Smithsonian [nstitution, Reports of, to Jan., 1847.

DD ittorre terete ....+.Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. Vol. 1.

The Society ........Society, The Boston, U.S., Nat. Hist., Journal of. Vol. 5,

parts 2, 3, 4, 5.

WDittos sche ester

Proceedings of. Nos. 10—14.

The Society ....... ° The Entomological, of Stettin. Entomol. Zeitung of

1846 —1849.

The Society ........ Leeds Philosophical, Annual Reports of. 1846—1847.

The Society ........ Linnean, Transactions of the. Vol. 20, part 2.

Diigo og docugcC . ———— ——— Proceedings of. Parts 30—33.

IDM ococdg oo DC ——_- ———— List of Members. 1847.

The Society ........ Liverpool Literary and Philosuphical, Transactions

of. Vols. 1—4.

The Society ........ Royal, Proceedings of the. Parts 59—69.

XVI ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY.

The Society ........Society, Royal, Philosophical Transactions. 1845, parts 1, 2.

1846, parts 1—4. 1847, parts 1, Qe

Royal Agricultural, Journal of the. Vol. 7, part 2.

Vol. 8, parts 1,2. Vol. 9, No. 21. Vol. 10, part 1.

Zoological, Transactions of, Vol. 3, parts 4—6.

—— Proceedings of. 1846—1848.

The Society ......--

Ditto....-. 00+. ---———

Ditto............——-———_ —— Reports and Lists of Members. 1847.

Ditto. Sdo0006 — Reports of Council and Auditors, 1849.

The Society ...... .-Société Entomologique de France, Annales de la. Vol. 4.

Vol. 5, parts 1—3. Vol. 6, parts 1, 2.

The Society ..... 06 Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscow, Bulletin de

la. 1846,‘parts 3—4. 1847, parts 1, 2.

Ditto... .. ve ee..——————- Séance extraordinaire de la. 22nd Feb.

1847.

The Society ..... ele Linnéenne de Lyons, Annales de. Vol. 1.

de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle de Geneve, Mé-

moires de la. Tome 11, part 2. Tome 12, part 1.

Observations ‘‘ Astronomiques’” faites dans 1847

and 1848. Supp. 1 and 2.

The Society ....... - —— Royale de Lyons, Annales de. Tom. 8—11.

The Author .,......Specimen Anatomico-physiologicum de Systemate Uropoietica,

auctore G. Ph. Groshaus.

The Author ........System of Nature, The. By E. Newman.

The Author ........Du Systeme Nerveux chez les Invertebres. By M. Emile

Blanchaid.

The Society ........

MD 1tLOsetencte eter etel eieier=

The Author ........Tineid@, Systematic Catalogue of. By H.T. Stainton, (2

copies ).

The Anthor .......-Tvrichopterorum, Genera and Species. Partl. By Dr. F. A.

Kolenati.

The Club.........-Tyneside Naturalists’ Field-Club, Transactions of. Vol. 1,

part 3.

Royal Acad. Bavaria .Die Ueberbleibsel der Altaegypschen Menschenrace.

The Author ........Dei Vantaggi che |’Agricoltura puo recevare dallo Studio

dell’ Entomologia. By Sigr. C. Passerini.

The Author ........Wheat-Fly of North America, On the. By Dr. Asa Fitch.

Purchased! «<5 .. --Zoologist, The. Vols. 1—6.

E. Newman, Esq. ... ols vz

ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTIONS

FROM THE Isr JANUARY, 1847, TO THE 31st DECEMBER, 1849.

Percy N. Hart, Esq. .. Various Insects from the Neighbourhood of Cracow.

W. Wing, Esq. .....-Nonagria Crassicornis, Four Specimens.

Miss Loudon ........ Ants’ Nests in Poland, Specimen of Gum-like Substance

found in.

J. O. Westwood, Esq... Cochineal Insects from Madeira.

W. F. Evans, Esq. .... Lophyrus Pini, Specimen of.

Ditto ..... sisi vicjeleieis Specimen of the Leather-like Material formed by Insects

over Indian Maize laid up in Store in Mexico.

Mr. Moore, Jun....... Sirex gigas Q.

Mr. Lamb ...........Sirex gigas.

— Jacques, Esq...... . Lamia Textor, Two Specimens.

G. Bedell, Esq. .-..-- British Lepidoptera, various.

W. Spence, Esq......- Three Boxes of Insects, various Orders from South Aus-

tralia.

Mrs. M. Hamilton..... A large Collection of Indian Insects.

C. A. Wilson, Esq. 4 Cottection of Insects from Adelaide, South Australi

Cee $ ollection of Insects from Adelaide, South Australia.

H. T. Stainton, Esq. .. Various British Lepidoptera.

F. Bond, Esq. ...-..-- A Cabinet of Seventy-four Drawers.

Mrs. Hofland .....-.. A Collection of Java Insects.

Captain Hutton ...... Various Insects of India.

Rev. H. Clark ........ Lixus angustatus (6) and Harpalus tardus?

C. Gregson, Esq......- Peronea permutuna (6).

J. W. Dunning, Esq. .. Agrophila sulphuralis (6).

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BY-LAWS

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF. LONDON;

ALTERED AND ADOPTED AT A SPECIAL MEETING

HELD ON THE 61H NOVEMBER, 1848.

Cuap. I. Object.

THE EnTomoLocicaAL Society oF Lonpon is instituted for the

improvement and diffusion of Entomological Science.

Cuap. II. Constitution.

The Society consists of British and Foreign Ordinary Members

and Subscribers, the number of whom shall be unlimited; of

Foreign Honorary Members, whose number shall not exceed ten ;

and of Foreign Corresponding Members, the number of whom shall

be unlimited.

Cuap. III. Management.

The affairs of the Society shall be conducted by a Council, con-

sisting of thirteen Members, to be chosen annually, four of whom

shall not be re-eligible for the following year.

Cuap. IV. Officers.

The Officers of the Society shall consist of a President; three

Vice-Presidents ; a Treasurer, who may be a Vice-President ; two

Secretaries; and a Curator.

Cuar. V. Annual Election of Officers.

The President, Treasurer and Secretaries shall be elected

annually out of the Council. The Vice-Presidents shall be nomi-

2, BY-LAWS.

nated by the President, at the Meeting next after the Anniversary

Meeting, from the Council. The President and two of the Vice-

Presidents shall, however, not be eligible for re-election more than

two years successively. ‘The Curator shall be appointed by the

Council.

Cuap. VI. President.

The duty of the President shall be to preside at the Meetings of

the Society and Council, and regulate all the discussions therein,

and to execute, or see to the execution of the By-Laws and orders

of the Society.

Cuap. VII. Vice-Presidents.

1. It shall be the duty of a Vice-President, in case of the absence

of the President, to fill his place, or of a Member of the Council

then present in the absence of all the Vice-Presidents, who shall

for the time being have all the authority, privilege, and power of

President.

2. Ifno Member of the Council] shall be present at any Ordinary

Meeting, the Members present shall nominate and appoint to be

Chairman such Member as they shall deem fit.

Cuap,. VIII. Treasurer.

1. It shall be the duty of the Treasurer to receive for the use of

the Society all sums of money payable to the Society, and to dis-

burse all sums payable by the Society out of the funds in his hands.

He shall moreover furnish the Society with a true and _ particular

account of all such receipts and disbursements twenty-one days

previous to each Anniversary.

2. No payment exceeding £5, excepting for rent or taxes, shall

be made by the Treasurer without the consent of the Council.

3. The Treasurer shall keep a book of Cheque Receipts for

admission fees and annual payments; each receipt shall be signed

by himself, the date of payment and name of Member or Subscriber

paying being written both on the receipt and on the part of the

cheque which is left in the book.

4. The Treasurer shall demand all arrears of annual payment,

after such payment shall have been due three months.

5. The accounts of the Treasurer shall be audited annually pre-

viously to the Anniversary Meeting by a Committee of three Mem-

BY-LAWS. 3

bers of Council, and three Members of the Society, to be appointed

by the President, of which Committee three shall be a quorum.

Cuap. IX. Secretaries.

1. It shall be the duty of the Secretaries to keep a list of all the

Members of and Subscribers to the Society, stating their address,

place of residence, &c. ; to produce to the Council all correspondence

in any way connected with the Society at the next Meeting after

such correspondence shall have been received, or taken place; to

edit the Transactions and Proceedings under the direction of the

Council, and to take care that the Proceedings are published and

ready for delivery to the Members and Subscribers at a Meeting of

the Society within six months after the entry of such Proceedings

in the Minute Book has been confirmed.

2. Minutes of the Proceedings of Monthly and Council Meetings

shall be taken by one of the Secretaries; or, in their absence, by

any Member whom the Chairman may appoint for the occasion.

3. The Minutes shall be fairly copied by one of the Secretaries

into a Minute Book, and at the next Meeting read aloud for con-

firmation.

Cuap. X. Curator.

1. It shall be the duty of the Curator to take care of the Library

and Cabinets of the Society ;* to display, arrange, and class the

insects, &c. A Catalogue of the Library shall be made, and a

Catalogue of the insects contained in the Museum shall be kept by

him, containing the names of the donors and the times and places

of their capture, as far as practicable.

2. All Members of and Subscribers to the Society shall have

free access to the Cabinets, at the time specified in the By-Laws, for

the purpose of examination and description, excepting that if a

Member, Subscriber or Stranger present specimens of new insects

to the Society with manuscript names attached, specifying his in-

tention of publishing the same, then no individual, whether Member,

Subscriber or Stranger, shall during the space of twelve months

publish any description or figure of such specimen.

3. No Stranger shall be allowed to see the Library or Cabinets

unless in company with a Member or Subscriber, but a note addressed

* The Curator is in attendence at the Rooms of the Society every Monday

between the hours of Two and Seven o’clock, p.m., for the purpose of showing the

Collections, &c. to Members and Subscribers,

4 BY-LAWS.

to the Curator, Secretary or Member in attendance, shall be deemed

a sufficient introduction, the Curator, Secretary or Member in

attendance then acting as the introducing Member.

4. No Stranger shall be permitted to take away or to describe

any insect, or to make a drawing of the same, except by special

permission of the Council previously obtained.

5. A Book for Synonyms shall be kept by the Curator, and any

Member making observations therein must sign his name to them.

Cuap. XI. Library Regulations.

1. A Catalogue of the Library and MSS. shall be kept by the

Curator, with the names of the Donors.

2. The Library and Cabinets shall be under the superintendence

of a Committee, consisting of the President and four Members, who

shall be elected by the Council at the first Meeting in February in

every year, (three of whom shall be a quorum), and who shall

render an Annual Report to the Council at the first Meeting in the

following January.

38. No Member or Subscriber shall be allowed to borrow from

the Library more than two volumes at one time, or keep in his pos-

session the same longer than one week, without leave of the Curator.

4. If the Books are torn, injured, lost, or not forthcoming when

demanded by the Curator, full compensation shall be made for the

same by the borrower.

5. The Secretaries shall call in all books borrowed from the

Library on the 5th day of January and Sth of July in every year ;

and in case the same be not returned on or before the General

Meeting of the Society in the following month, notice thereof shall

be given by the Curator to the Council, who shall then direct a

second notice to be sent to the Member or Subscriber retaining

such books, and in case the same be not returned within the further

space of four weeks from the date of such second notice, so sent,

such Member or Subscriber shail in future be disqualified from

borrowing books from the Library without the special permission

of the Council. A printed copy of the Library Regulations shall

be pasted in every work or volume in the Library.

Cuap. XII. Election and Admission of Members and

Subscribers.

1, Every Candidate for admission into the Society shall be pro-

BY-LAWS. 5

posed by three or more Members, who must sign a Certificate in

recommendation of him.

2. One of the three must have personal knowledge of the Can-

didate.

3. The Certificate shall specify the name, rank, profession, quali-

fications and usual place of residence of the Candidate.

4, The Certificate for Member having been read at one of the

Ordinary Meetings, shall be suspended in the Room, and the person

therein recommended shall be balloted for at the second Ordinary

Meeting after such reading.

5. The Certificate for Subscribers having been read at one of the

Ordinary Meetings, shall be suspended in the Room, and the person

therein recommended shall be balloted for at the next Ordinary

Meeting after such reading.

6. The Elections of Ordinary Members shall be void unless the

admission fee shall be paid within twelve months after the date of

their Election ; the Council shall, however, possess a discretionary

power to extend the time of payment.

7. The method of voting for the election of Members and Sub-

scribers is by Ballot, and two-thirds of the Members balloting shall

elect.

Cuap. XIII. Admission Fee.

1. The Admission Fee for Members shall be £2 : 2s., the Annual

Contribution £1 : 1s.; and the composition in lieu of the Annual

Contribution £10 : 10s.

2. The Annual Contribution for Subscribers is £1 : 1s., without

Admission Fee.

3. The Annual Contribution shall become due on the first day of

January in every year in advance; but any Member or Subscriber

elected after the 30th of September will not be called upon for his

subscription for the remaining portion of that year.

Cuap. XIV. Withdrawing and Removal of Members and

Subscribers.

1. Every Member or Subscriber having paid all fees due to the

Society shall be at liberty to withdraw therefrom upon giving notice

in writing to the Secretary.

2, Whenever written notice of a Motion shall be delivered to the

Secretary for removing any Member or Subscriber, signed by the

Chairman for the time being on the part of the Council or by five

6 BY-LAWS.

or more Members, such notice shall be read from the chair at the

two Ordinary General Meetings immediately following the delivery

thereof, and the next following Ordinary Meeting shall be made a

Special General Meeting and the Members summoned accordingly,

when such Motion shall be taken into consideration and decided by

ballot, whereat if a majority of the Members balloting shall vote

that such Member or Subscriber be removed, he shall be removed

from the Society.

3. Whenever any Ordinary Member of the Society shall be in

arrear for five years in the payment of his Annual Contribution,

notice thereof in writing shall be given or sent to him, together

with a copy of this section; and in case the same shall still remain

unpaid, the Treasurer shall give notice thereof to the Council, who

shall cause the name of such Member to be read at the three fol-

lowing Ordinary Meetings of the Society, together with a statement

of the sum due by him for arrears; and at the fourth Ordinary

Meeting the removal of such Member of the Society shall be decided

by method of ballot, in like manner as is specified in the second

section of this chapter.

4, Whenever the Annual Contribution of a Subscriber shall be in

arrear one year, such Subscriber shall have his name erased from

the List of Subscribers and cease to belong to the Society.

Cuap. XV. Privileges of Members and Subscribers.

1. The Members have the right to be present, to state their

opinion and to vote at all Meetings; to propose Candidates for

admission into the Society ; to introduce Visitors at General Meet-

ings of the Society, and to introduce scientific Strangers to the

Library and Museum; to purchase the Transactions of the Society

at reduced prices, and to have personal access to the Library and

Museum.

2. No Member to introduce more than one Visitor.

3. Ordinary Members of the Society resident more than fifteen

miles from London shall be entitled to receive the Transactions

gratuitously when their Annual Contribution has been paid.

4, All the Honorary and Ordinary Members are eligible to any

office in the Society, provided the latter are not more than one year

in arrear in the payment of the Annual Subscription.

5. No Member shall be entitled to vote on any occasion until he

shall have paid his subscription for the year last past.

6. Subscribers enjoy all the privileges of Members excepting those

BY-LAWS. 7

of voting at the meetings, holding office under the Society, and

proposing Candidates.

7. Subscribers have no claim upon or interest in the property of

the Society.

Cuap. XVI. Foreign Members.

1. Every Foreigner who has distinguished himself as an Ento-

mologist, or who has shown himself able and willing to promote the

ends for which the Society is founded, may be elected a Foreign

Member; his Annual Contribution shall be £1 : 1s., and he shall

be entitled to the samefrivileges as other Members.

2. Foreign Members shall not be required to sign the Obligation

until present at a General Meeting of the Society, and when so

present shall be admitted as other Members.

3. Foreign Members shall be exempt from the payment of any

Admission Fee.

4. Foreigners and Residents abroad may be elected as Cor-

responding Members, who shall not be subject to the payment of

any Annual Contribution, and who shall be entitled to a copy of

the Journal of Proceedings of the Society, but not to the Transac-

tions; which, however, may be purchased by them at the reduced

price paid by the ordinary Resident Members. The privileges of

Corresponding Members shall however cease in case they shall at

any future time be residents in the United Kingdom for the space

of twelve months, unless sanctioned, in the case of any particular

Member, by a special vote of the Council.

Cuap. XVII. Honorary Members.

1, Every person proposed as an Honorary Member shall be re-

commended by the Council, and be balloted for, and elected, and

be liable to be removed in the like form and manner, and be sub-

ject to the same rules and restrictions, as an Ordinary Member.

2. Honorary Members shall be exempted from the payment of

Fees and Contributions ; and shall possess all the privileges of

Ordinary Members.

3. No resident in Great Britain can be an Honorary Member,

except the Honorary President, the Rev. William Kirby, A.M.

F.R.S. &c., and William Spence, Esq., F.R.S.

Cuap. XVIII. Meetings of the Society.

1. The Ordinary General Meetings of the Society shall be held

8 BY-LAWS.

on the first Monday in every month in the year, beginning at eight

o’clock precisely in the evening, or at such other time as the Council

shall direct.

2. At the Ordinary Meetings the order of business shall be as

follows. ‘

3. The names of the Visitors allowed to be present at the Meeting

shall be read aloud by the Chairman.

4. The Minutes of the last Meeting shall be read aloud by the

Secretary, and proposed for confirmation by the Meeting, and

signed by the Chairman.

5. The Presents made to the Society since their last Meeting

shall be announced and exhibited.

6. Certificates in favour of Candidates for admission into the

Society shall be read or submitted to ballot.

7. Members and Subscribers shall sign their names in the Obli-

gation Book, and be admitted.

8. The President shall have a discretionary power as to the

Papers to be read at the Meetings of the Society ; and the Secre-

tary, assisted by the President and any Member or Members of the

Council, shall determine as to the priority in which such papers

shall be read, and propriety of omitting any portion of the same.

9. All Memoirs which shall be read at any General Meeting of

the Society shall become the property of the Society, unless other-

wise stipulated for previous to the perusal thereof.

10. Entomological communications shall be announced and read

either by the Author or the Secretary. When the other business

has been completed, the persons present shall be invited by the

Chairman to make their observations on the communications which

have been read, and on the specimens or drawings which have been

exhibited at the Meeting.

11. No Motion relating to the government of the Society, its

By-Laws, the management of its concerns, or the election, appoint-

ment or removal of its Officers, shall be made at any Ordinary

Meeting.

Cuap. XIX. Special General Meeting.

Upon the requisition of any six or more Members, presented to

the President and Council, a Special General Meeting of the’Society

shall be convened, and any proposition to be submitted to such

Meeting shall be stated at length in the Notice to Members.

BY-LAWS. 9

Cuap. XX. Annual General Meeting.

1. The Annual General Meeting of the Members shall be held

in the Meeting-room on the fourth Monday in January of every

year.

2. The objects of the Meeting shall be to choose the Council and

Officers for the then ensuing year; and to receive from the Council,

and hear read, their Annual Report on the general concerns of the

Society.

3. The Council for the time being shall annually cause to be

prepared two written Lists, one of which (No. 1 in the Schedule

hereto) shall contain the names of four Members, whom they shall

recommend to be removed from, and of four other Members to be

elected into the Council; and the other List (No. 2) shall contain

the names of such Members as they shall recommend to fill the

offices of President, Treasurer and Secretaries, for the year en-

suing; which Lists shall be read at the Monthly Meeting in January

in every year, and shall then be fixed up in the Meeting-room until

the day of election. And copies of such Lists shall be transmitted

to every Member whose known residence shall be in London, or

within twenty miles thereof, at least seven days before the Annual

General Meeting shall take place.

4, On the day of voting, each Member present shall put his

balloting Lists into the respective Glasses to be provided for such

occasion ; before doing which, however, in case any name or names

shall have been added to the Lists proposed by the Council, he shall

strike out the name or names of those persons recommended for

whom he does not vote. And if more names shall be suffered to

remain in any List than the number of persons to be elected or

removed, such Lists shall be rejected. And in case the names

suffered to remain shall be less than the number of vacancies to be

supplied, those names only which shall remain in the List shall

stand as voted for.

5. The President shall appoint two or more Scrutineers from the

Members present, not being Members of the Council, to superin-

tend the Ballots and report the results to the Meeting.

6. The Ballot for the Council shall remain open for one quarter

of an hour, at the least; and the Ballot for the Officers for one

quarter of an hour, at the Jeast, after the result of the Ballot for

the Council shall have been declared.

7. If from any cause an election shall not take place of persons

10 BY-LAWS.

to fill the Council, or any of the offices aforesaid, then the election

of the Council and Officers, or the election of Officers, as the case

may be, shall be adjourned until the next convenient day, of which

notice shall be given, in like manner as is directed for the Annual

General Meeting.

8. No Ballot, either for the election of Members or any other

business, shall be taken unless nine Members are present.

Cuap. XXI. Transactions.

1, The Transactions shall consist of Papers communicated to the

Meetings of the Society.

2. The Transactions shall be published from time to time, and at

such prices as the Council shall direct for each Part or Volume ;

but the price for one copy of each Part or Volume, to each Member

or Subscriber who shall have paid his Annual Contribution for the

year in which such Part or Volume shall be published, shall not

exceed three-fourths of the price charged to the public.

3. Foreign Members of the Society who shall have paid the

Annual Subscription for the year, and ordinary English Members

and Subscribers resident more than fifteen miles from London, shall

be entitled to receive the Transactions of the Society published

during the year without any further payment.

4, The superintendence of the Publications shall be by a Com-

mittee, which shall consist of thirteen Members to be appointed by

the Council, including the President, Vice-Presidents, Treasurer,

and Secretaries.

5. The Committee of Publication shall consider every Paper

which shall have been communicated to a General Meeting of the

Society, and shall report to the Council thereon; but no Paper shall

be reported on at any Meeting of the Committee unless there shall

be three or more Members present; and such Committee shall be

convened by the Secretary every third month or oftener, when all

papers read since the last Meeting of Committee shall be produced

and referred.

6. Authors of Memoirs to be published in the Transactions shall

be allowed 25 copies of their communications with uncoloured plates,

gratis, or any additional number, if required, the entire expense of

which and the colouring of all plates to be paid for by the Authors.

7. A Journal of Proceedings of the Society shall also be pub-

lished quarterly or half-yearly, containing Abstracts of the Papers

read and Notices of other Matters communicated at the Ordinary

BY-LAWS. 11

Meetings of the Society, which Journal, together with the Transac-

tions, shall be edited by the Secretaries, or one of them, and shall

be bound up and sold with the Transactions.

Cuap. XXII. Alteration of the By-Laws.

Any of the By-Laws of the Society may at any time be repealed,

or altered and amended, or others adopted in lieu thereof, at any

Meeting of the Society, to be specially summoned in pursuance of

Notice to be given to the President and Council, to be signed by

six Members at least, such Notice to specify the intended repeal or

alteration, and to be read at three General Meetings of the Society

previous to such Special Meeting.

12 BY-LAWS.

THE SCHEDULES REFERRED TO IN CHAPTER XX.

OF THE PRECEDING BY-LAWS.

No: 1.

Form of the List for the Council.

List of Four Members of the present Council recommended by the

present Council to be removed at the Election on the day

of January, 18 “

A. B.

List of Four Members recommended to be elected inte the Council.

PK,

L. M.

N. O.

PQ.

Now?

Form of the List for the Officers.

List of Persons recommended by the present Council to be ap-

pointed to the offices of President, Treasurer, and Secretaries of

the Society, at the Election on the day of January, 18 .*

President’ (37. 2/e<0'. <2 « RES:

MIPEASURCT —oi0 26/55). 6 5 ARS

.. W.X

DECKEtATICS celles: = ; Y.Z

* If any of the Names in these Lists be objected to, they must be struck out

previous to the Ballot, and other Names substituted in their stead in the blank

spaces left for that purpose.

London: printed by C. Roworth and Sons, Bell Wansily Temple Bar

TRANSAGTIONS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

LONDON.

I. On the Habits of the “ Drivers” or Visiting Ants of

West Africa. By Rev. Tuomas S. Savace, M.D., of

Cape Palmas, Corr. Mem. of the London Ent. Soc.;

Boston Nat. Hist. Soc.; National Inst., Washington ;

D.C., &c. (In a letter addressed to J. O. Westwood,

Esq., Sec. Ent. Soc. London.)

Fishtown, near Cape Palmas, W. A.

5th August, 1845.

Dear Sir,

In compliance with a promise in former letters,

I proceed to give you my “ Notes upon the Habits of certain

Species of Ants in the vicinity of Cape Palmas, W. A.” You

will bear in mind, however, that I am still pressed with duties of

higher moment, and can devote to these observations such hours

only as are needed for recreation.

As on former occasions, I have avoided all attempts at technical

descriptions, thus giving myself more time to investigate the

habits of my specimens and transmit more frequently. I feel the

less reluctance in doing this, knowing your ability, and being

assured that with the same specimens before you nothing will be

lost in this respect to science or Africa.

VOL. V. B

2 Rey. Thomas S. Savage on the

Great confusion exists, it would seem, in the accounts of travel-

lers respecting the ants generally of this country, often being

characterized as a whole by traits that belong to particular genera

or species only; one author copying from another, and none

making more than casual observations, unless it be Smeathman,

whose attention was given chiefly to the habits of the Termes fatale,

or white ants proper.

My present notes have respect to one species only of the family

of Formicide. In a subsequent communication I propose to

speak of the Termes fatale, but so far only as I may discover

new facts and detect inaccuracies in the accounts already pub-

lished.

The insect in question is known here under the significant name

of “ Driver.” I am not aware that it has ever been described or

that it exists in any of the European Cabinets. It would, however,

be strange if an insect of almost equal prominence with the Termes

fatale, and acting a far more important practical part in the

economy of nature, should be found, at this day, without “a

local habitation and a name” in some of your Systems of Classi-

fication.

From the careless and casual manner in which the “ ants of

Africa” have been spoken of by some authors, I am inclined to

think that it has been noticed under the name of “ Termes viarum ;”"

not by Smeathman, for his account of that insect indicates radical

differences between it and mine, though they possess some traits

in common.

Mr. Robert Clark, surgeon to the colony of Sierra Leone, in a

work recently published, enumerating “ the ants” of that region,

gives by name the five species of Smeathman’s Termes, and in

the same connection remarks, that ‘“ the travelling ants, or Formice

viarum, will occasionally march into houses, where they devour

everything eatable they can find.” I am at a loss to know what

ant he could have in his mind other than the “ Driver” of this

region; but if, by ‘‘ everything eatable,” he refers to the food of

man, he is mistaken, for there are many things edible to us that

they will not touch; and if by it he means “ everything eatable”’

to the insect itself, he gives us no information of its habits in this

respect, for he states neither what it will eat nor what it will not.

Again, in close connection he says, ‘ I have often been assailed

in some tracts by a highly fetid odour emanating from the cops-

wood skirting the road side; the odour not unlike the stench pro-

ceeding from the carcass of a dead horse, being concentrated, as

it were, inone place. ‘The natives invariably speak of the stench

Habits of the “ Drivers” of West Africa. 3

described as proceeding from dense masses of the travelling atits

near or at the locality.”—(page 123.) There can be no doubt

that he speaks here of the ‘“* Driver ;” but he is much mistaken,

and we would account for it on the ground that he founded his

statement on the representations of such inaccurate observers as

the native Africans. I readily recognize the odour of which he

speaks; but if it proceeds from an ant at all, it is from another

similar in size, colour and aspect to the largest class of the

“‘ Drivers.” It passes among the colonists at Cape Palmas under

the vulgar name of “ Bug-a-bug” (which appellation also they

give to the Termes fatale). It does not, however, go forth in

masses; indeed it does not exist in large numbers, and is com-

paratively rare. It is the impression of the colonists at Cape

Palmas that ‘the stench” spoken of by Mr. Clark proceeds from

this “‘ bug-a-bug;” but it is often perceptible to an extent too

great for this always to be the fact. On riding through the low

grounds after a rain, or in the morning, it may be detected; but

in such cases it undoubtedly has its source in the decay of animal

matter. The Drivers emit no perceptible odour per se; did they,

it would be absolutely intolerable in a dwelling-house to a person

of delicate nerves, so great are their numbers. If this disagree-

able odour is ever perceived among them, it must arise from their

prey being in a putrescent state.

I have made these remarks, in passing, solely for the purpose of

correction, and would here observe that Mr. Clark gives us in this

instance, though unintentionally, a good specimen of the way in

which the numerous loose and inaccurate statements that are

abroad have arisen respecting this anomalous country, its produc-

tions and capabilities.

It is very probable that the insect referred to by Messrs. Kirby

and Spence, on the 100th page of the 2nd volume of their Intro-

duction, (the few particulars respecting which being derived from

Prof. Afzelius,) is the one in question.

I think it is that, without doubt, of which Mr. Smeathman

speaks when he says, *‘ one species which seems at times to have

no fixed habitation ranges about in vast armies. By being fur-

nished with very strong jaws they can attack any animal whatever

that impedes their progress, and there is no escape but by imme-

diate flight or instant retreat to the water. The inhabitants of the

negro villages are frequently obliged to abandon their dwellings,

taking with them their children, &c., and wait till the ants have

passed.”—Swainson’s Geography and Classification of Animals,

p- 100, from the Preface to Drury’s Insects, vol. ii.

-_ Rey. Thomas S. Savage on the

Mr. Smeathman’s account is correct so far as it goes, as will

appear in the sequel, though the facts he gives are by no means

incidental occurrences, but all in the way of its regular habits.

Never having seen Drury’s work (a subject of frequent regret) I

do not know whether Mr. Smeathman ever gave more than this

slight notice of their habits.

It is evidently closely allied to the Atta cephalotes of Fab.,

found in the West Indies and South America, and, like that named

by the French “ Fourmi de visite,” would be more appropriately

styled the ‘ visiting” than the “ travelling ant.” The appellation

‘“‘ Driver,” however, is still more significant, as will appear from

the extract from Mr. Smeathman and my account. It not only

travels and visits, in common with other species of ants, but it

also drives every thing before it capable of muscular motion, so

formidable is it from its numbers and bite; in respect to the last

fact it stands unique in its habits, and, in distinction from other

species of this country, may well take for its vulgar name that of

Driver. Whether it will find its proper location technically under

the genus Formica proper I leave you to decide, and proceed to a

detailed account of its habits so far as | have observed them.

From its locomotive habits the impression, as in the case of

Smeathman, has obtained, that it has no fixed habitation. This

my observations go to confirm in respect both to their appearing

and disappearing from certain localities, and the absence of cells

or magazines. Its domicil, if such it may be called, consists of a

shallow excavation under the roots of trees, shelving rocks, and

almost any other substance that will afford a shelter; not origi-

nating with themselves, but adopted and completed as the wants

of their community may require. The greatest depth to which

I have known them penetrate is about two feet. The interior

exhibits no mechanical contrivance, for which many other ants are

celebrated. ‘There is an old saying, which is not without mean-

ing, that “ a man’s dwelling indicates the nature of his employ-

ment.” A robber’s house will not exhibit, either in or out, the

indications of a permanent abode that an honest man’s does; so

with that of the insects before us, their mode of life will not

admit of cells and magazines and other interior arrangements by

which the domicils of other ants more retiring and less aggressive

in their habits are characterized. The nearest approach they

make to such an arrangement is the adoption of fissures in the

ground, crevices in rocks, and the interstices between small

stones, &c. that may fall within the compass of their dwelling-

place.

Habits of the “ Drivers” of West Africa. 5

Their sallies are made in cloudy days and in the night, chiefly

in the latter. This is owing to the uncongenial influence of the

sun, an exposure to the direct rays of which, especially when the

power is increased By REFLECTION, ts almost immediately fatal. If

they should be detained abroad till late in the morning of a sunny

day by the quantity of their prey, they will construct arches over

their path, of dirt agglutinated by a fluid excreted from their

mouth. If their way should run under thick grass, sticks, &c.,

affording sufficient shelter, the arch is dispensed with; if not, so

much dirt is added as is necessary to eke out the arch in connection

with them. In the rainy season, or in a succession of cloudy

days, this arch is seldom visible; their path, however, is very

distinct, presenting a beaten appearance and freedom from every

thing moveable. They are evidently economists in time and

labour; for if a crevice, fissure in the ground, passage under

stones, &c. come in their way, they will adopt them as a substi-

tute for the arch. ‘This covered way seems to be designed in part

for the protection of workers in transporting prey, pupe, &c.,

but chiefly against the direct rays of the sun, an exposure to which,

in places where the REFLECTION is strong, is certain death in less

than two minutes. When the sun’s rays are intercepted for days,

the arch is wanting; and, even with the arch, in a bright strong

sunshine, masses of the Drivers are found under the thick grass in

holes and other places, regaling themselves in the shade till the

decline of the sun, when their work is renewed with their charac-

teristic vigour.

In cloudy days, when on their predatory excursions, or migrat-

ing, an arch for the protection of the workers, &c. is constructed

of the bodies of their largest class. Their widely extended jaws,

long slender limbs, and projecting antennz intertwining, form a

sort of net-work that seems to answer well their object. When-

ever an alarm is given the arch is instantly broken, and the ants,

joining others of the same class on the outside of the line, who

seem to be acting as commanders, guides, and scouts, run about

in a furious manner in pursuit of the enemy. If the alarm should

prove to be without foundation, the victory won or danger passed,

the arch is quickly renewed, and the main column marches for-

ward as before in all the order of an intellectual military dis-

cipline.

I will here describe an attempt that I recently made to destroy

one of their communities, which, with the facts in the order in

which they transpired, and the collateral circumstances attending

it, will fairly illustrate many of their habits.

6 Rey. Thomas 5. Savage on the

My observations were made in part at my former station (Cape

Palmas), where I resided nearly eight years. I have been at my

present station about eight months. During the first four months

of the latter period I was greatly annoyed by the frequent visita~

tions and ravages of these insects; at one time literally driving

out every member of the female department of the school; at

another the male department; then the inmates of my own dwell-

ing; again, attacking my horse, then my pigs, fowls, &c. &c.,

nothing in fine possessing animal life escaping their assaults.

They always pounced upon us at night, and generally when our

senses were reposing in sleep. Occasionally we were apprised of

their designs at nightfall by a few suspicious individuals lurking

in the vicinity in advance of the main body, but mostly they took

us by surprise. At last their annoyance seemed to have reached

the highest point of our forbearance, and a resolution was forth-

with taken to discover their habitation, and, if possible, expel

them from the vicinity. Accordingly I commenced cutting over

the premises, and had proceeded as far as two-thirds the way

down the mount on which my dwellings stand, when, beneath a

shelving rock of decomposing granite, their haunt was discovered.

They had been roused by the noise and efforts of the workmen,

and had come forth in incalculable numbers for defence, literally

blackening the surrounding grass and shrubbery. Lines of ants,

going and coming agreeably to the rules of their order, were

running in opposite directions. Their paths were very distinct

and well trodden, of about an inch in width. In other directions

were seen covered ways forsaken, the object of their formation no

longer existing,—no prey having been discovered, or, if found,

being disposed of,—and other regions lying open for exploration.

Their numbers could not be computed; millions on millions

seemed to be there, besides thousands that were going and coming

with astonishing speed and alacrity.

In attempting their destruction I adopted the mode of the natives,

which is, to ignite on the spot a collection of the dried leaves of

a species of Corypha (Fan Palm of this coast), about six feet in

diameter, and dried grass, with other combustible matter. A fire

of great intensity was thus kindled, which continued to burn for

considerable time. This I supposed would be the last of our

troublesome neighbours. ‘Two days after, however, on going to

the spot for the purpose of examining into their domicil, I was

surprised to see a tree at a short distance, about eighteen inches

in diameter, to the height of four feet from the ground, with the

adjacent plants and earth, perfectly black with them. From the

Habits of the “ Drivers” of West Africa. 7

lower limbs (four feet high) were festoons or lines of the size of

a man’s thumb, reaching to the plants and ground below, consist-

ing entirely of these insects; others were ascending and descend-

ing upon them, thus holding free and ready communication with

the lower and upper portions of this dense mass. One of these

festoons I saw in the act of formation ; it was a good way advanced

when first observed: ant after ant coming down from above, ex-

tending their long limbs and opening wide their jaws, gradually

lengthened out the living chain till it touched the broad leaf of a

Canna coccinea below. It now swung to and fro in the wind, the

terminal ant the meanwhile endeavouring to attach it by his jaws

and legs to the leaf; not succeeding, another ant of the same class

(the very largest) was seen to ascend the plant, and, fixing his

hind legs with the apex of the abdomen firmly to the leaf under

the vibrating column, then reaching forth his fore legs and open-

ing wide his jaws, closed in with his companion from above, and

thus completed the most curious ladder in the world.

The line of migrating ants from their former habitation was

still continued. When first observed it was composed of indi-

viduals of all sizes, pupee, eggs, &c. commingled in the act of

transportation. The cause of this assemblage on the outside was

the small dimensions of their recently adopted domicil. There

was evidently a cavity under the tree, but not of sufficient size

for their numbers; they were therefore busily engaged in enlarg-

ing it suitably for their accommodation. The quantity of dirt

thrown up in the process was remarkably small. In about two

hours I visited the spot again, when the hanging lines or festoons

were gone, and about half of the mass also; some below the

surface, others on their predatory excursions. One of their paths

I traced to a distance of about twenty rods, when I was pre-

vented from going further by a thicket. Their course was easily

followed by their beaten track and the arched way, the latter of

which was very imperfect, consisting of clay in exposed places,

and of grass, sticks, leaves, &c. whenever they could be made to

answer the purpose. The line of ants was very much broken and

irregular, many of them being gathered into groups in the grass

and in holes enjoying the coolness of the shade, waiting for the

arrival of evening in which to renew their labours.

Combustible matter was again applied, and it was not long

before a dense column was seen issuing from under the opposite

side of the tree, observing their usual order and arrangement.

The day was cloudy, a little rain falling; there was therefore no

need of the clayey arch; but the larger class, arranging themselves

8 Rev. Thomas S. Savage on the

on either side as before described formed the substitute. Under

this arch, armed on all sides with sharp claws, and fierce, hooked,

open jaws, ‘ the feebler folk,” or, as my native interpreter said,

the women and their children, passed rapidly forward in conscious

safety. Others of the largest class appeared in the main line at

different distances carrying nothing, yet acting no unimportant

part. They would occasionally step out of the line and return, as

if holding communication with their comrades behind; then, taking

their places as before, march on with all their former celerity.

Others again of the same class were seen on the outside, ranning

here and there, then stopping, elevating their heads to a point

above the others, stretching forth their fore legs, opening wide

their jaws, and twirling in every direction their long antenne, as

if in apprehension of danger.

I visited them again the next morning, when I found them still

engaged in removing. ‘Thousands and tens of thousands must

have been destroyed by the two fires, and yet apparently their

numbers were undiminished. I have not on this or any other

occasion detected a winged individual, though it is the season

when such are to be found in all communities of ants not apterous.

They carry their pupee and prey longitudinally under their

bodies, held firmly between their mandibles and legs, the latter of

which are admirably calculated by their length and slenderness for

this purpose. The freedom and ease with which they carry their

burthen is truly surprising. Ihave seen the third class, or workers,

with pupe of the first class, or soldiers, certainly as large again as

themselves ; and, again, with prey twice or more their size, moving

with as great a degree of celerity as we should suppose them

capable of doing without any burthen.

Their mode of biting differs from that of the soldiers among

the Termes. ‘The mandibles of the latter are flat and sharp, and

move in a cross direction, cutting in the manner of scissors. ‘The

mandibles of the Driver of the first class are very prominent and

formidable, strongly hooked, having one tooth; those of the second

class are flatter, sharper, and armed with two strong teeth, the

edges finely serrated, and admirably calculated for lacerating and

cutting muscular fibre. The onset of the former is with a grasp that

causes their victim to start and wince as if life were in danger ;

their mandibles are fixed so strongly into the flesh, and their hold

retained with such pertinacity, that a separation is effected often

only by a dismemberment of the body. If permitted to retain

their hold, the motion of their jaws is alternately from one side to

the other, penetrating deeper and deeper at every stroke. With

Habits of the “ Drivers” of West Africa. 9

the second class there is not only this gradual penetration, but at

the same time a lacerating and cutting of the flesh, with an ap-

proximation of the jaws at each effort. This difference in their

form and motion in the two classes led me to infer a difference of

duties or office in their economy. This impression has been con-

firmed by repeated observations. To the first class, it would

appear, is assigned the defence of the community ; it is theirs also

to attack and disable their prey. The second lacerate and cut

the flesh, and are assisted by the first in tearing it off. Upon

the third, who appear to be especially the labourers, devolves the

burthen of transportation, whether of prey or pupe. ‘They are

seen to be assisted often by the second class, and, when the prey

is too large for either, the first is called in, In the small vial sent

herewith will be found the different classes, as they were captured

in the act of transportation, with the different articles of prey had at

the time in their jaws. But one specimen of Class 1 will be found

among them; this was captured with the leg of a locust, evidently

just taken and rent asunder (which is in the vial), too large to be

transported by the smaller classes.

Whenever a stream of water intercepts their course in their

excursions and migrations, if it should not be extensive they

compass it, but if otherwise, they make a line or chain of one an-

other, gradually extending themselves by numbers across, till a

connection is formed with the opposite side, and thus a bridge is

constructed, over which the main body passes in safety.

There is another habit equally interesting that may be men-

tioned in this connection. It has been asserted of other species

of the Formicide in South America, though doubted by zn-door

naturalists at home. Our seasons are divided into ‘‘ wet” and

“dry,” each making up in a general way half of the year. During

the former we frequently have violent and continued rains, so that

the low grounds, either directly from this cause, or the sudden

swelling of the rivers, are overflowed for days. The Drivers de-

light in rather low localities, generally on the side, but near the

base of hills; consequently they are liable to be driven from their

haunts for self-preservation. In such an emergency they throw

themselves into a rounded mass, deposit their ‘ feebler folk,” pupz

and eggs in the centre, and thus float upon the water till a place

of safety is reached, or the flood subsides. Even in situations

beyond this overflow they must be deluged in their holes for days,

so copious and incessant are the rains at times; and one would

suppose that, under such circumstances, vast numbers must perish.

Some undoubtedly do; but the Lord, in this as in other orders in

10 Rev. Thomas S. Savage on the

the animal kingdom, has pursued a system of compensation beau-

tifully illustrative of His goodness, and the minuteness of His Pro-

vidential care over even the meanest of His creatures. As He has

endowed this insect with a high degree of life, so He has given to

it a corresponding degree of tenacity, thus enabling it to exist

under the many unfavourable circumstances incident to its habits.

Feeling assured that such was the fact, I commenced a series of

experiments in proof of the point. An individual of the largest

class was submerged to the bottom of a glass of water, where it

struggled for about three-fourths of an hour, then apparently

expired. It revived in about ten minutes after it was taken out,

exhibiting about as much vitality and ferocity as before. It was

re-submerged at 1 p.m., and taken out after 6 p.m., with like re-

sults. It was submerged the third time, and then permitted to

remain for twelve hours or more. It revived on being taken out,

so far as to move about on its side, and continued to exhibit signs

of life for twelve hours more, when it expired. Others that were

permitted to rise to the surface, and remain, survived some time

longer.

Another fact, illustrating their tenacity of life, may here be

stated. The head of one of the largest class, when dissevered

from the body, grasped the finger of an attendant so furiously as

to cause an immediate flow of blood. It was kept in a glass

tumbler from 3 p.m. till the next morning at 8 o’clock, when the

finger was again applied, and apparently as severe a wound as

before inflicted. Another individual of the same class was deca-

pitated at 7 a.m., and at half-past 9 the next morning,—263 hours

from the time of decapitation,—a piece of newspaper was held

between the jaws, which it grasped and retained with considerable

force. I then applied the small finger of my right hand, which it

bit severely; indeed so powerful was the grasp that the point of

the mandibles met beneath the cuticle. It then partly withdrew

one mandible, and pointing it more perpendicularly, penetrated

deeper, then the other, and thus at every alternate stroke giving

to the mandible a direction more vertical, wounding and cutting

wider and deeper precisely in the manner of the insect in posses-

sion of all its parts and powers. The sensation at each thrust was

like that of a pin, and equally painful; and when the mandibles

were withdrawn the blood flowed as freely. This head continued

to give signs of life for more than 36 hours after decapitation.

The body to which it belonged lived still longer,—more than 48

hours!

I know of no insect more ferocious and determined upon vic-

Habits of the “ Drivers” of West Africa. 11

tory. They fiercely attack any thing that comes in their way,—

‘conquer or die” is their motto. I have known a live coal of

fire held before them, at which, though so obnoxious to heat, they

rushed with indescribable ferocity, releasing their hold only in

death. They have no eyes visible through my glasses, which,

however, are not powerful. They seem to be less under the in-

fluence of the sense of smelling than of hearing or feeling.

If taken a few feet from their habitation they seem to be at a

loss to know the way to return; some will at last succeed in

arriving at home, others not. To decide the point whether they

detected the proximity of prey by the sense of smell or not, I

placed near one of their domicils, first a small bird, dead, then a

barn-door fowl, but not an individual was attracted to the spot.

They were roused several times by knocking on the covering of

their habitation; this brought them forth in large numbers, when

they ran about in different directions in search of the intruder,

coming very near to their favourite food, but not one in contact

with it. The bird was now brought within two, then one foot of

their nest, both times with the same success. At last one or two,

as if by accident, found it out, and laid hold of the feathers in a

great rage, then retired within their habitation. I waited a long

time to see if any intelligence would be conveyed of the proximity

of their favourite prey, but no evidence of the fact appeared. I

roused them again, and put some of the largest and of the second

class upon the bird; they jumped about in great perturbation and

rage, pulled vigorously at the feathers, then biting into the flesh,

at last disappeared without further effort. No intelligence being

yet conveyed that food was at hand, I brought them forth in still

greater numbers, and thrusting the fowl down among them, held

it there till it was well covered, and then withdrew it to a distance

of about two feet, to observe their proceedings. As the fowl was

drawn back many ants were left on the intervening ground, and

thus free communication was soon established between it and their

domicil. A few of the largest class, which are always the first to

come forth for defence, were seen running to and fro, forming a

line which, when completed, was seen to be composed mostly of

individuals of classes Nos. 3 and 2, No. 1 evidently taking ma-

nagement of the others. The first step in their operations was

to clear the path of all moveable obstructions. This was done

chiefly by the third class ; some of No. 2, and occasionally No. 1,

coming in when large obstacles were to be removed. It was in-

tensely interesting to see these little creatures gaining victory, by

one process after another, over comparatively mountain obstacles

12 Rey. Thomas 8S. Savage on the

in their way; greater difficulties only rousing them to greater

effort. Here would be seen one dragging along a stick four times

its length; there, another, pushing, then grasping and pulling along

a stone many times its weight; and, when more power was requi-

site, others coming in to his aid, all knowing that a work was to

be performed, and each doing promptly his part. Thus were

stones, sticks, leaves and grass successively withdrawn from within

their line, and deposited at a distance from the scene of their

labours. A regular, distinct footpath was soon made visible, and

in readiness for the quick transportation of their prey. In the

meantime the largest, with an equal number of the second size,

were busily engaged upon the head of the fowl, depriving it of its

feathers. This promised to be a slow and tedious operation ; but

the gradual increase of feathers, and the denuded skin, were sure

indications of their success. The feathers were pulled out ; some-

times one, two and three ants would be seen tugging most lustily

at one, but I am inclined to think that the largest feathers were

extracted by lacerating the flesh at their root, though I was not

able to decide this point fully, Those that fell in their way were

borne off by the smaller ants; others were made to answer as a

covering to their pathway, being held together by the largest size

or soldiers. The operation of picking began at the beak, and was

gradually extended backward. The neck being half stripped,

they then began the work of laceration at the eyes and ears. It

was some time before any visible impression was made, but at last,

though by no means so expeditiously as I expected, deep cavities

appeared, and muscles, membranes and tendons were reduced and

borne off to their habitation. ‘The juices, and a portion of the

muscular fibre, I think, must be consumed on the spot at such

times, though the largest portion is carried to their domicil.

At first there was considerable confusion in the lines. They

seemed to be incapable of keeping the right path, and even missed

the various entrances to their domicil. Individuals of the largest

class were seen to arrange themselves on either side, between

whom the lines of workers passed and repassed with a good de-

gree of order. These were acting evidently the part of guides

rather than guards, though at times they acted in the latter capa-

city also. ‘They would place their abdomen horizontally on the

ground, and laying hold of fixed points with their hind feet,

(which together thus acted as a fulcrum,) elevate the anterior

portion of their bodies to the highest point, open wide their jaws,

and stretch forth their antenne, which for the most part were

fixed, as if in the act of listening and watching for approaching

Habits of the “ Drivers” of West Africa. 13

danger. They would occasionally drop their bodies to the ground

again, run off to one side, and fiercely work their jaws and antenne,

as if having detected some strange sounds in the distance. Dis-

cerning nothing, they would quickly return to their posts and

resume their positions, thus acting as scouts. The hour for ful-

filling appointments having arrived, I left, designing to make

further experiments; but on my return I found that the fowl had

been stolen by some of my covetous, perhaps hungry parishioners,

who excused the act of aggression by saying that the Drivers

were their most grievous enemies, often depriving them of the

two things they mostly loved,—poultry and sleep ; and that I was

entertaining them with undue hospitality ; others more jokingly

said, that I was making them my Fetish, and offering to them

sacrifices of birds and fowls.

Being in the immediate vicinity of our teacher’s house they be-

came troublesome, killing six of his chickens in one night; we

had therefore to decide forthwith upon their destruction. This

was effectually and instantly done by a few gallons of boiling

water poured into their domicil.

Like all their habitations that I have seen, this was on the side

of a hill, and consisted of a slight excavation about eighteen inches

in depth, made for the interment of a human body, according to

the custom of this tribe, covered over with the fragment of an old

canoe. On removing this covering vast numbers of the ants with

their pupze were discovered dead, and the spot, which might be

called their nzdus, occupying a space of about eighteen inches in

diameter. The soil was composed of clay and small stones; the

latter were abundant, the interstices of which seemed to be their

only cells. In every instance that has fallen under my observa-

tion the soil selected has been of this loose character, and the

interstitial spaces so occupied.

This was the smallest community I had seen; whether it was a

colony or not I cannot say, but it was supposed to be the remains

of the one destroyed by fire, as no other was known to be in our

neighbourhood.

They do not treasure up their food for any length of time,

which may be inferred from the construction of their domicil.

They go forth in search of prey at all seasons, but more especially

during the ‘rains,’ which corresponds to the winter of temperate

climates. Their more frequent appearance at this season is ac-

counted for on the ground that the weather then is generally

cloudy and_cool; perhaps, also, they are driven forth by the accu-

mulation of water in their habitation.

14 Rev. Thomas 8. Savage on the

They are not without their uses in the economy of nature.

They keep down the more rapid increase of noxious insects and

smaller reptiles; consume much dead animal matter, which is con-

stantly occurring, decaying, becoming offensive, and thus vitiating

the atmosphere, and, which is by no means the least important

in the Torrid Zone, often compelling the inhabitants to keep their

dwellings, towns, and their vicinity, in a state of comparative

cleanliness. The dread of them is upon every living thing.* It

may be literally said that they are against every thing and every

thing against them. I have known my dog, on meeting them in

the road, instead of running any risk by leaping over them, go

a great distance round to avoid their well-known bite. My donkey

has more than once stopped so suddenly and turned, as to throw

me over her head, or to one side, and when urged forward, leaped

far over the line.

They will soon kill the largest animal if confined. They attack

lizards, guanas, snakes, &c. with complete success. We have lost

several animals by them,— monkeys, pigs, fowls, &c. The seve-

rity of their bite, increased to great intensity by vast numbers, it

is impossible to conceive. We may easily believe that it would

prove fatal to almost any animal in confinement. They have been

known to destroy the Python natalensis, our largest serpent. When

gorged with prey it lies powerless for days; then, monster as it Is,

it easily becomes their victim. It is universally said by the natives

that this serpent, having disabled his victim by the fearful process

of constriction, makes a wide sweep in the vicinity in search of

the Drivers. If he discovers them, he abandons it to their more

numerous jaws; but if not, he returns to the work of engorge-

ment. This account, whether true to the letter or not, gives a

good idea of the dread with which it inspires the different orders

of animals.

In a recent attack they killed a snake under my house about

four feet long. It made its way out, but, seemingly incapable of

progression, could not make its way off. Its motions were such

as to lead to the conclusion that it was blind. It writhed and

twisted instead of going forward, giving the ants time to accumu-

late, and thus by numbers overpower it. It is very probable

that, with one stroke of their jaws, they destroyed the power of

vision, and brought it immediately within their grasp.

Their entrance into a house is soon known by the simultaneous

* It is stated by my native interpreter that a certain species of Julus, which

emits a peculiar odour, if thrown into their domicil, will cause them to abandon it.

Its truth remains to be proved.

Habits of the “ Drivers” of West Africa. 15

and universal movement of rats, mice, lizards, Blapside, Blattide,

and of the numerous vermin that infest our dwellings. Not being

agreed, they cannot dwell together, which modifies in a good mea-

sure the severity of the Drivers’ habits, and renders their visits

sometimes (though very seldom in my view) desirable.

Their ascent into our beds we sometimes prevent by placing

the feet of the bedsteads into a basin of vinegar, or some other

uncongenial fluid; this will generally be successful if the rooms

are ceiled, or the floors overhead tight, otherwise they will drop

down upon us, bringing along with them their noxious prey in the

very act of contending for victory.

They move over the house with a good degree of order unless

disturbed, occasionally spreading abroad, ransacking one point

after another, till, either having found something desirable, they

collect upon it, when they may be destroyed ‘ en masse” by hot

water; or, disappointed, they abandon the premises as a barren

spot, and seek some other more promising for exploration, When

they are fairly in we give up the house, and try to await with

patience their pleasure, thankful, indeed, if permitted to remain

within the narrow limits of our beds or chairs.

They are decidedly carnivorous in their propensities. Fresh

meat of all kinds is their favourite food ; fresh oils they also love,

especially that of the Elais guiniensis, either in the fruit or ex-

pressed. Under my observation they pass by milk, sugar, and

pastry of all kinds, also salt meat; the latter, when boiled, they

have eaten, but not with the zest of fresh. It is an incorrect

statement, often made, that ‘‘ they devour every thing eatable” by

us in our houses ; there are many articles which form an excep-

tion. If a heap of rubbish comes within their route, they inva-

riably explore it, when larve and insects of all orders may be seen

borne off in triumph, —especially the former.

16 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description

II. Description of the “ Driver’? Ants, described in the

preceding Article. By J.O. Wxstwoop, F.LS., &c.

Tue remarkable account of the habits of the Driver ants of tro-

pical Western Africa, contained in the preceding article, by Dr.

Savage, is too interesting not to require that the species in ques-

tion should be entomologically described, so as to be at once

identified, and introduced into its place in the family of the ants

to which it belongs. Having been requested to draw up a de-

scription of the insects sent in great numbers by Dr. Savage, I

herewith offer, by way of supplement to his article, the following

characters, with the accompanying remarks. A comparative ex-

amination of the different individuals was in fact especially neces-

sary, in order to learn the real nature of the different classes, with

reference to the question whether the Soldiers among the For-

micide were analogous to the Soldiers among the Termitide, that

is, whether they formed, as in the latter, a distinct class, or whe-

ther they were merely neuters, with larger heads than usual.

On carefully examining the specimens which were sent to

England in spirits, I found that they varied in length from 13

to 5 lines, all possessing the same structure not only of thorax,

abdomen, legs and antennz, but also of the maxille and labial

apparatus, All likewise agreed in the general structure of the

head, the only material difference being that the teeth of the

mandibles are more developed in the small individuals than in

the large ones; that the heads in the latter are comparatively

larger; and that in the former there is a more evident carina

down the middle of the front of the head. I must confess that I

could discover no distinct character to separate the largest indi-

viduals from the others; there seemed indeed to be a regular

gradation in the size from the largest to the smallest, which the

natives appear to consider as females. I thus regard them

all as neuter ants, and consider it very unfortunate that we are at

present unacquainted with the males and females, or with the

larva and pupa state of this interesting insect. These lacune will,

{ trust, be still filled up by Dr. Savage.

But the most curious circumstance which my examination of

these insects made evident was, that all the remarkable economy

detailed in the preceding memoir is performed by creatures desti-

tute of organs of sight, having been unable to detect the slightest

indication of eyes in any of the individuals.

of the “ Driver” Ants. 17

This latter circumstance, in conjunction with the structure of

the lower parts of the mouth, and the existence of only eleven

joints in the antennze, at once determines the intimate relation of

the Driver ants to my genus 7'yphlopone,* and completely con-

firms the views which I published both in my Introduction, and

in a paper in the sixth volume of the Annals of Natural History,

on the Formicideous nature of Typhlopone, in opposition to the

opinion of Mr. Shuckard, that the latter is the female of a dif-

ferent family; an opinion the more remarkable, when it is re-

membered that Mr. Shuckard had before him at the same time

the interesting genus Anomma (described in a previous number

of the same Annals), and which, like the Driver ants, is so very

closely allied to the genus Ponera, one of the species of which is

actually described by Latreille as wanting eyes. It will thus be

seen that the discovery of the winged individuals of the Driver

ants is the more to be desired, as it will enable us at once, and

still more satisfactorily, to settle the question of the relations of

these insects, as well as, I trust, those of the Dorylide, which,

according to the remarks which Captain Boys has communicated

to me, are equally Formicideous.

The Driver ants seem to belong to the genus Anomma of

Shuckard, above alluded to, so far at least as I am able to judge

from external characters, the unique specimen of 4. Burmeisteri

being preserved in the British Museum, where the dissection of

the mouth of unique individuals is not permitted. The new species

may be thus described.

Anomma arcens, Westw. .

Neutr. Nigra, subnitida; antennis (articulo basali excepto),

coxis, geniculis, tarsisque piceis; capite plus minusve oblongo-

quadrato, in individuis maximis postice magis angusto,

margine postico emarginato ; clypeo, inter basin antennarum,

bicarinato; antennis in impressionibus duabus insertis, 11-

articulatis; oculis obsoletis; mandibulis elongatis, gracilibus,

faleatis, ante medium dente majori alteroque pone medium

plus minusve distincto, interstitio serrato; maxillis lobis

duobus apicalibus, externo ad apicem setoso; palpis maxil-

laribus brevissimis, et, ut videtur, 3-articulatis ; labio magno

carnoso striato, palpis labialibus longitudine labii 2-articulatis,

thorace e segmentis duobus longitudine eequalibus constanti,

prothorace infero, lateribus dilatatis tamen supra visis; meso-

* Compare the figures at the foot of Plate I. with those in the upper part of

Plate IL., in the sixth volume of the Annals and Magazine of Natural History.

VOL. V. Cc

18 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions

thorace antice latiore, metathorace parum compresso utrin-

que spiracula instructo, apice recte truncata; abdominis

pedunculo elongato utrinque versus basin tuberculo minuto

instructo; segmento sequenti pedunculo latiori semi-ovali,

reliquis parum constrictis.

Long. corp. lin. 13—5.

Habitat in Africa occidentali tropicali. D. Savage.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES.

Plate I. fig. 3. One of the Soldiers, rather larger than the insect; 3a, b,c,d,

the heads of four of the different sized individuals ; 3e, maxilla; 3f,

instrumenta labialia. The lines indicate the natural length of

different individuals.

III. Descriptions of two new Goliath Beetles from Cape

Palmas, in the Collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope. By

J.O. Westwoop, F.L.S., &e.

Tue selection of characters of evidently minor importance—which

have been well termed artificial ones—for the discrimination of

groups, whether of high or low rank,—which seem to afford

very satisfactory results in our distribution of species or genera, —

becomes more and more difficult in proportion to the increase of

our knowledge of the species of such groups. Taking, for example,

those African Goliath beetles which have the prothorax broadest

behind, with a simple terminal lobe to the maxilla, and long

fore legs, in the males; we have artificially defined one group

as distinguished by having the fore legs externally dentated,

and the upper surface of the body velvety; and a second as

aving the fore tibize not externally dentated, and the upper sur-

face of the body (in the tropical species) brilliantly’ polished.

Within a very short time, however, Mr. Hope has received

from Dr. Savage, who has indefatigably assisted in forwarding

our knowledge of these interesting insects, two new species which

disturb these previous arrangements. In one of these insects we

have a velvety upper surface, combined with the externally sim-

ple fore tibize of the males, (although it is true that they exhibit a

tendency to become toothed,) whilst the horn of the head is still

further analogous to that of several of the males of the second of

these two groups. The other species agrees more decidedly with

the first of these two groups, in its velvety upper surface, and

externally tridentate male tibize; but the general appearance of

the insect, its comparatively small size, the form of the horn of the

of two new Goliath Beetles. 19

head, and the shortness of the sternal process, remove it nearer

to some of the subsequent groups.

Under these circumstances, I have no choice but to refer these

two insects to distinct new subgenera, the first of which will enter

as a section into the genus Mecynorhina, with the name of

SMICORHINA, Westw.

Corpus oblongum, depressum, supra velutinum, lateribus sub-

parallelis, pedibus elongatis.

Caput maris mediocre, disco inter oculos in laminas duas parvas

horizontales porrectum, angulis ante oculos porrectis acutis,

clypeo anticé in cornu breve recurvum apice obconicum pro-

ducto. Antennarum clava minuta. Maxillarum lobus in-

ternus in mare in unguem curvatum productus. Prothorax

lateribus pone medium fere rectis, margineque postico fere

recte transverso. Elytra elongata, depressa. Processus ster-

nalis brevissimus, apice rotundato. Abdomen subtus in mare

canaliculatum. Pedes elongati. Tibize anticze maris satis

graciles, extus tridentatee, dentibus parvis, intus pone medium

serratis. Tibize intermediz maris in medio 2-dentate; tibiz

posticee in medio 1-dentatez. Tarsi elongati, simplices.

Species unica. Smicorhina Sayi. (PI. 1. fig. 1.)

Nigra, velutina; pronoto sanguineo, vittis quatuor irregularibus

nigris, intermediis duabus antice abbreviatis; capitis facie

cinereo-velutina, pedibus nigris, femoribus (preesertim pos-

ticis) sanguineo-striatis, tibiisque posticis ad apicem sangui-

neis, capite subtus nigro nitido.

Long. corp. (cornu capitis haud incluso) lin, 13, lat. elytr. lin. 53.

Habitat in Africa tropicali occid., Cape Palmas. D. Savage.

In Mus. D. Hope.

1 have adopted the specific name of Sayii, suggested to me for

this interesting species by the Rev. F. W. Hope, in honour of the

late Thomas Say, the father of American Entomologists, and as a

mark of respect to his countryman, Mr. Savage, by whom this

interesting addition to the family has been made.

The second species will fall more naturally into my genus Cera-

torhina, in which it will form a subgenus, which, from the very

large horn of the head of the male, may be named

Mecatornina. Westw.

Corpus oblongo-ovale, subdepressum, supra velutinum ; elytris

postice angustioribus. Caput maris mediocre, supra fere

Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions, &c.

planum, dentibus duobus minutis fere ad oculos positis, an-

gulisque ante oculos acute spinosis; clypeo in cornu valde

elongato, elevato, subrecurvo, apice longe bifido producto.

Antennarum clava mediocris; maxillarum lobus externus in

mare in unguem corneum acutuin productus. Prothorax

transversus convexus, fere semicircularis, margine postico

ante scutellum parum emarginato. Elytrasubconvexa, postice

sensim attenuata, maculis pallidis numerosis guttata. Pro-

cessus sternalis antice porrectus, apice subobtuso. Pedes

antici elongati, tibiis anticis curvatis, externe fere ad apicem

emarginatis, interne serratis; tarsis elongatis, simplicibus.

Tibize quatuor posticee in medio inermes.

Species unica. Megalorhina Harrisu. (Pl. 1. fig. 2.)

Supra opaco-velutina; capite supra albido, cornu subtus

castaneo; antennis nigris, pronoto brunneo opaco luteo-

tenuiter marginato, scutello brunneo ; elytris olivaceeo-nigris,

maculis numerosissimis fulvescentibus in seriebus 5 in singulo

elytro dispositis; pedibus castaneis, tibiis anticis tarsisque

quatuor anterioribus nigris, tarsis posticis flavescentibus

articulis obscuris; corpore subtus castaneo, cupreo, niti-

dissimo et eneo certo situ tincto, tibiis anticis intus denticulis

7 armatis.

Long. corp. (excl. cornu capitis g) lin, 18; lat. elytrorum ad

basin lin. 9.

Habitat cum precedent.

D. Savage misit ad D. Hope, in cujus muszo hospitatur.

This magnificent insect is here named in compliment to Dr.

T. W. Harris, one of the most zealous and learned Entomologists

of North America, in pursuance of a suggestion made to me by

Mr. Savage, by whom the unique specimen was forwarded to

Mr. Hope.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES.

Plate I. fig. 1. Smicorhina Sayii; la, the head seen sideways; 16, the

head seen in front; 1c, maxilla ; ld, sternal process; le, ditto seen

sideways.

Fig. 2. Megalorhina Harrisii ; 2a, head seen in front; 2b, ditto sideways ;

2c, maxilla; 2d, sternal process; 2e, ditto seen sideways.

Mr. J. W. Douglas's Description, Sc. 21

IV. Description of anew British Moth. By J. W.

Doveuas, Esaq., M.E.S.

[Read Ist February, 1847.]

Family TORTRICIDE.

Genus AncHyLorera, Stephens.

Anchylopera subarcuana, Douglas. (PI. II. fig. 4.)

Head and palpi white. Upper wings somewhat falcate, dull

ferruginous, having a darker flexuous line extending down the

centre from the base, about two-thirds of the length, forming a

small arch in the middle of the wing, and then continued angu-

larly to the apex. The base of the costa is ashy white, and the

colour is much lighter along the lower edge and within the pos-

terior angle. Lower wings rather dusky. Body griseous. Ex-

pansion of wings about six lines.

This is a very distinct species, and is intermediate between

A. biarcuana and diminutana, from both of which however it may be

known at a glance by its white head and palpi. I have only one

specimen, which I took May 12th, 1844, at Wimbledon Common.

Mr. S. Stevens has a specimen which differs from mine in having

the upper wings narrower and darker, but I believe it to be this

species. Mr. Henry Doubleday also informs me that he has one

taken near Whittlesea Mere last September, so that it would

appear to be double brooded. I may add that M. Guenée has

seen my specimen and that it is new to him.

22 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description of a new

V. Description of a new Species of the Coleopterous Family

Pausside, from India. By J. O. Westwoop, F.LS.,

Sec. Ent. Soc., &e.

[Read 4th August, 1845. ]

Since the publication of the last number of my “ Arcana En-

tomologica,” in which I completed an illustrated monograph of

the family Pausside, 1 have been favoured by two gentlemen

in India with specimens of two species of this family, forwarded

to me through the medium of post letters, inclosed in small quills.

One of these insects is the Ceratoderus bifasciatus, being the third

individual of that species sent to Europe, the first having been

brought from India by Fichtel, and deposited in the Royal Cabinet

at Vienna, and the second being in the Collection of the Rev. F. W.

Hope. This third specimen was sent me by Lieut. Col. J. B.

Hearsey, having been taken on the clothes of one of his soldiers

whilst on duty. The other insect, received by post, of which I

now beg leave to lay a description and figure before the Society,

was sent me by W. H. Benson, Esq., having been captured by

that gentleman.

From the apparently 5-partite, depressed clava of the antenne,

the general structure of the maxillary and labial palpi (the former

with the terminal joint smaller and more slender than the pre-

ceding, and the latter with the terminal joint large, subovate and

subtruncate at the extremity), the tibize destitute of calcaria, and

the long tarsi with the first joint larger than either of the three

following joints, this new species enters into the genus Ceratoderus,

which I proposed for the reception of Paussus bifasciatus ; but in

addition to a very different general facies, destitute of the glossy

surface so peculiar in that species, with comparatively shorter and

broader antennz and feet, this new insect differs from it in the

dilated second joint of the maxillary palpi, which is almost rounded

and flattened, in the bipartite and angulated structure of the pro-

thorax, the setigerous-margined elytra, and the outer angle of

the extremity of the tibize being obliquely rounded off.

The genus Ceratoderus* must therefore be more restrictedly

* Tt may be as well to observe in this place, that as this generic name is derived

from xég, cor, and not from xega, cornu, it is strictly applicable only to the C. bi-

fasciatus. It would therefore perhaps be better to propose a distinct generic name

for the group, and to give each of the sections a separate subgeneric one ; the name

of Melasnospilus may therefore be proposed for the genus, Ceratoderus be retained

for C, bifasciatus, and the name of Merismoderus be given to C. Bensoni.

Species of the Coleopterous Family Pausside. 23

characterized, so as to allow the introduction therein of the pre-

sent new species as follows.

Antenne clava depressd, quasi 5-partita. Palpt macillares arti-

culo 2ndo maximo, 4to gracili, praecedente minori. Palpi

labiales articulis tribus; 3tio majori, ovali, apice subtruncato.

Pedes haud dilatati; tibiis apice haud calcaratis, tarsorum

articulo basali sequentibus tribus majori.

Sectio A. Ceratoderus.

Corpus supra glabrum, nitidum. Palpi maxillares articulo 2ndo

subovali, lateribus subparallelis. Prothorax cordato-trunca-

tus. Tibia apicibus externe angulatis.

Sp. 1. Ceratoderus bifasciatus, Westw. Kollar. (Paussus b.)

Sectio B. Merismoderus.

Corpus supra opacum, plaga media elytrorum polita. Palpi

maxillares articulo 2ndo fere rotundato, depresso. Protho-

rax bipartitus, lateribus angulatis. Tibize apicibus externe

obtuse truncatis.

Sp. 2. Merismoderus Bensoni, Westw. (PI. II. fig. 2.)

Luteo-fulvus, opacus, capite punctulato, supra impressionibus

duabus rotundatis inter oculos alteraque versus medium mar-

ginis antici; prothorace bipartito, parte antica angulis anticis

productis subacutis, parte postica quasi 4-lobata ; elytris cori-

aceis, singulo versus medium plaga magna nigra irregulariter

triangulari ad suturam haud extensa, disco nitidissimo macu-

‘laque parva communi nigra ad apicem suture, lateribus

setulosis.

Long. corp. lin. 3.

Habitat in India orientali. D, Benson.. Mus. Westw. and Hope.

“I took two specimens under a brick near the river Ganges,

about fifty miles below Cawnpore, last year (1844), and this year

(1845), in January, I took one under a stone, in a black ant’s nest,

between the Savalik range and Saharumpore.” (Benson in litt.)

Fig. 2. Merismoderus Bensoni ; 2a, b,c, maxille in various points of view ;

2d, labial palpus ; 2e, portion of the hind margin of the antenne ;

2f, tarsus.

24 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description

VI. Description of another new Species of Paussus, from

India, with Notes of other additional Species. ByJ.O.

Westwoop, F.L.S., Sec. Ent. Soc., &e.

[Read 3d August, 1846.]

NotwitHsTANDING all the exertions which I made to render my

illustrated monograph of the Pausside, published in the second

volume of the Arcana Entomologica, as complete as possible, it is

surprising that, in the few months which have elapsed since the

completion of that work, no fewer than eight distinct species re-

quire to be added to the list. Four of these have been described

by Mr. Benson, in a paper published in the Journal of the Asiatic

Society of Bengal.

Notices of the captures of these species have from time to time

been read at previous meetings of this Society, in communications

addressed to me by Mr. Benson; and as many members of the

Society may not have the opportunity of consulting Mr. Benson’s

memoir, I here extract the short Latin characters which he has

given of his four new species.

Sp. 1. Paussus Baconis, Benson.

(Section A. Prothorax quasi bipartitus.)

(Sub-sect. a. Antennarum clava postice haud excavata.)

P, livido-succineus ; antennarum articulo basali, clave angulis

margineque, prothoracis lateribus posticis, femoribus, podice,

elytrorumque plaga magna communi, piceis; abdomine elytro-

rumque marginibus, tibiis tarsisque castaneis ; antennarum

clavé obliquo-triangulari, basi emarginata, in spinam longio-

rem externe product4, postice late impressa, cavamine rugoso.

Long. ;3; poll.

Nearly allied to P. rufitarsis ; but instead of the four short tufts

of hair on each side, and two at the apex, the elytra are margined

with long recurved spinous setz, sometimes double, of which there

are seven on each side, and a double row, with four in each row,

at the apex of each elytron.

Taken by Dr. J. F. Bacon in the Dehra Dhoon, at the foot of

the sub-Himalayan range, between the Ganges and Jumna, on the

14th August, 1844, in a sweeping net, among grass and bushes, at

the same time as a specimen of Paussus pilicornis.

of another new Species of Paussus. 25

Sp. 2. Paussus Nauceras, Benson.

(Section A.—Subs. b. Antennarum clava postice excavata.)

P. fusco-castaneus, prothoracis lateribus antice angulatis, parte

postica elongatiuscula tenuiori picea; elytris thoraceque

setosis illis elongatis, plag4 magna communi piced preeditis ;

capite carina elevatiuscula a clypeo emarginato egredienti

usque ad nucham attingente; tuberculo ad verticem posito ;

clavé antennarum naviformi, marginibus denticulatis, denti-

culis inferioribus setigeris ; carind antice versus apicem sub-

angulaté, versus basin profunde emarginata quasi sciss4 ;

tibiis mediocribus.

Long. 3/5 poll.

Closely allied to Paussus denticulatus, Westw., Arc. Ent. ii.

pl. 92, fig. 1. Taken by Captain T. Hutton, in July, 1845, at

Green Mount, Mussoorie, on the underside of a leaf of night-

shade. Another (apparently the opposite sex) was captured by

Dr. Bacon on the 5th July, 1844, with a sweeping net, in grass,

at Rockville, Landour, three miles from Green Mount.

Sp. 3. Paussus ploiophorus, Benson.

(Sect. A.—Subs. b.)

P. fusco-castaneus ; abdomine elytrorumque disco nigris, politis,

horum marginibus late castaneis; antennarum clavé naviformi,

fissuré basali profund4 angusta incis4 ; cavaminis marginibus

denticulatis, marginis inferioris denticulis setigeris ; abdomine

setarum brevium fasciculis duobus munito.

Long -%; poll.

Size and habit of P. denticulatus, Westw., and intermediate

between it and P. nauceras. Found drowned in a pool of water

in February, 1845, by Dr. J. F. Bacon, at Moradabad in Rohilk-

hund, to the north of the river Ganges.

Sp. 4. Platyrhopalus intermedius, Benson.

P. rufo-castaneus ; elytris angustioribus, singulo plagd elongat4

triangulari irregulari ad latus externum preedito ; antennarum

clava mediocri, subrotundato-quadrato, margine postico un-

dulato, versus basin late inciso, lingula acuta armato; capitis

fronte rotundato, clypeo minime emarginato, tibiis latis

oblique truncatis.

Long. 3, poll.

This species unites characters of three different forms—P. an-

gustus, P. acutidens, and P. Westwoodii. Captured on the 28th of

VOL. V. D

26 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description

March, 1845, at night, having flown to a light in a small bungalow

on Dr. Benson’s grounds at Saharunpore, the capital of a district

at the head of the Doab.

In addition to these species another very interesting species

from India, constituting a distinct sub-genus, was also forwarded

to me by Mr. Benson, of which the characters (and an accom-

panying figure with details) were read by me before this Society

a short time since (described in the preceding article’.

Two new species of Cerapterus from Port Natal have been

recently obtained by the Museum of Leipzig, of which (by the

kindness of Dr. Schaum) I hope to be enabled to lay descriptions

and figures before the Society ; and lastly another new species of

Paussus has within the last few days been received by the Rev.

F. W. Hope from India, the description of which I now beg leave

to lay before the Society.

Paussus Jerdani, Hope, MSS. (PI. II. fig. 1.)

P, prothorace quasi bipartito; antennarum clava postice valde

excavatéd; capitis vertice excavationibus duabus ovalibus ;

tuberculo elevato in singula excavatione ; rufescens, obscurus,

undique setulis minimis luteis obtectus; elytris setis longis

numerosis rufescentibus marginatis, his etiam plag4 maxima

postica nigra notatis.

Long. corp. lin. 3.

Habitat in India orientali.

In Mus. D. Hope.

This species is most nearly allied to Paussus Boysii, Stevensianus,

and especially to the well known P. thoracicus of Donovan. Its

general colour is an obscure red, the anterior portion of the pro-

thorax and the base of the elytra being of a more fulvous colour.

The head is narrowed in front of the eyes, the front part termi-

nating in two slightly rounded and flattened divisions, the incision

between which is angular and terminates in a shallow channel or

impressed line, which extends to the crown of the head, where it

terminates in two deep oval impressions, placed rather obliquely

to each other, and each having a raised tubercle within. The

club of the antennz is also triangular, with the front margin acute

and slightly arcuated, rounded off to the tip; the hinder or upper

margin is very deeply excavated, the excavation of an oval form,

with each side sulcated ; the maxillary palpi have the second joint

flat and broadly ovate, truncated at the tip, the two terminal joints

of another new Species of Paussus. 27

small, the maxille are very thin and semitransparent, terminating

in two deflexed hooks. The prothorax is quasi-bipartite, the

anterior part very slightly broader than the head, with the lateral

angles acute; it is dilated behind in the middle, and has a longi-

tudinal depression in the centre, not reaching to the anterior

margin; the hind part has the lateral portions elevated and of a

blackish colour, with a small patch of fulvous hairs in front: the

centre of the prothorax is deeply impressed, the hind central

portion forming two lobes rounded in front. The elytra have a

large black patch, occupying at least half of the hinder portion of

the disc, leaving a narrow rufescent margin; they are margined

with numerous long reddish bristles, both along the sides and

posterior margin; the podex is also similarly margined with shorter

hairs. The femora are pitchy, and the remainder of the legs

reddish; they are comparatively short and stout, without any

marked distinction between them in size or thickness. The basal

joint in all the tarsi is minute. ‘The entire insect is destitute of

gloss on the surface; it is very obsoletely punctured, but it is

clothed throughout with very minute luteous sete.

Fig. 1. Paussus Jerdani; la, maxilla; 1b, maxillary palpus in another

position ; lc, antenne ; 1d, leg.

VII. On the Gall formed by Diphucrania auriflua, Hope, a

Species of Buprestide. By W. W. Saunpers, Esq.,

F.LS.

{Read 7th February, 1847.]

(Pl. II. figs. 5—9.)

Mr. Wo. Stepuenson, while resident at Sidney, New South Wales,

discovered a kind of excrescence or gall on the branches of

Pultenza stipularis, and having obtained several for examination,

it became evident to him that they were caused by the larva of a

small Buprestis, which I find to be the Diphucrania auriflua of

Mr. Hope (PI. II. fig. 9). Mr. Stephenson, supposing this fact

to be new to Entomologists, kindly forwarded to me a series

of the galls, containing both the perfect insect and the larva, from

which I have been enabled to draw up the following account,

which I beg leave to lay before the Entomological Society. To

allow me to see the insect in its various states Mr. Stephenson

immersed the galls soon after obtaining them in boiling water, by

which means the vitality of the insect was destroyed, and by

cutting the galls open I was able to take out both larva and imago,

28 Mr. W. W. Saunders on the Gall, &c.

much in the same state as when procured by Mr. Stephenson in

New South Wales. The galls when full grown vary from 3 inch

to 1 inch in length, are of an oval shape, and in all the specimens

which I have seen are broader than the branch on which they are

formed. They usually occur singly, but occasionally two are

found together as shown in PI. II. fig. 5. Externally they are of

a reddish brown colour, somewhat resembling the colour of the

bark of the plant which nourishes them, and present a rather

rough warty appearance. ‘The anterior of the gall appears to be

a spongy mass of woody fibre, with an external covering of wood

in its natural state. Various irregular passages run through the

spongy portion of the interior, extending as far as the centre of

the branch, near which in advanced galls an elongated chamber

will be perceived, in which the larva changes to the imago state.

When this change takes place, the perfect insect eats its way out

of the gall, making a rounded aperture for its exit, as shown in

the upper gall of fig. 5. The larva (fig. 8) is apodal, about +45

inch long, nearly cylindrical, and 13-jointed. The forepart of the

body is abruptly truncate, with the first two joints smaller than

the third, which is about as broad as the tenth, the intermediate

ones being somewhat narrower; the remaining joints form a

rounded termination to the body, the last joint being small and

somewhat bifid. On the back the joints are depressed in the

centre, by a channel which runs longitudinally from the head to

the other extremity. The parts of the mouth are small and of a

dark brown colour. The general colour of the larva is a brownish

yellow or horn colour. Mr. Stephenson says he found the larva

in the month of June, which answers to the month of December

in this country. The perfect insect, I should suppose, appears in

the spring or early summer of New South Wales, but Mr. Ste-

phenson has given me no information on this point. It appears to

be common in the neighbourhood of Sidney. To illustrate the

economy of this gall-forming Buprestis, I have figured three galls

as they appear on the branches of the Pultenzea, as well as sections

of two other galls, to show their internal formation. From one

section (fig. 6) a larva was taken. From the other section (fig. 7)

a perfect insect was obtained. I have also given in fig. 8 as

correct a representation of the larva as my means would allow,

for I think it necessary to state that the foregoing description of

the larva, as well as the figure, were both taken from a specimen

in the dried state, but in such good preservation that I think

both will be found very near the truth.

Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description, &c. 99

VIII. Description of a new Species of Paussus, from

Southern Africa. By J.O. Westwoop, F.L.S., &e.

[Read 5th April, 1847.]

Genus Paussus, Linn.

(Section A. Prothorax quasi bipartitus. )

(Sub-sect. b. Antennarum clava postice excavata.)

(** Species Africanz. )

Paussus Parrianus, Westw. (PI. I. fig. 3, and details. )

Paussus testaceus; elytris nigris, basi apiceque testaceis ex-

ceptis ; antennarum clava naviculari, margine postico sub-

serrato, margineque infero excavationis integro ; prothorace

subbipartito.

Long. corp. lin. 23.

Habitat Port Natal.

In Mus. Parry et Westwood.

Corpus parvum, vix punctatum, tenuissime setulosum. Caput

latitudine prothoracis, vertice plano, vel potius subconcavo,

margine antico parum elevato, et in medio emarginato ; mar-

gine postico etiam subelevato; subito in collum postice con-

tractum. Palpi maxillares articulo 2ndo magno subovali,

apice interno haud porrecto; palpi labiales articulo apicali

subinflato. Antenne longitudini capitis et prothoracis

equales, clava subelongata subcurvata, basi postice in cornu

rectum producto, margine antico satis acuto; postico subtus

excavato, margine supero excavationis 5-impresso, margine

ejus infero integro simplice; apex clave antice rotundatus,

postice vero subangulatus. Prothorax nitidus, sub-bipar-

titus; parte antica lateribus angulato-productis et subacutis,

discoque in tubercula duo rotundata elevata producto, parte

postica angusta, disco carinis elevatis literam W simulantibus,

instructo. Elytra coriacea, parum setosa, nigra, subopaca, basi

(cum scutello) margine tenui laterali apiceque (cum tuber-

culo ad angulum externum) rufo-testaceis. Pygidium rufo-

piceum, semicirculare, lateribus carinaque mediana sub-

elevatis. Corpus subtus testaceo-rufum, tenue punctatum,

pedibus concoloribus, gracilibus ; tibiis subangustis, calcaribus

minutissimis, tarsorum articulis 4 basalibus longitudine fere

aequalibus.

Fig. 3. The insect magnified ; 3a, maxillary palpus; 36, labial palpus ; 3c,

3d, antenne, from below and above; 3e, apex of tibia and tarsus.

VOL, V. E

30 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description of

This new species belongs to the African subdivision of the

Paussi, which possess a subbipartite prothorax and an excavated

clava to the antenne; although its general appearance bears a

much nearer resemblance to some of the Asiatic species, especially

P. Fichtelii and thoracicus. The flattened crown of the head,

with the posterior and anterior margins somewhat elevated and

acute, distinguish it from all the African species to which it is

nearest allied, From P. ruber and cochlearius it is further dis-

tinguished by the more linear clava of the antenne and the black

dise of the elytra; the former character, narrower feet, and fer-

ruginous colour, distinguish it from P. excavatus, whilst the nar-

rower posterior part of the prothorax, and the structure of the

antenne: and feet, distinguish it from P. Klugit and Latreilli,

These four African species are represented with their details upon

one plate in my “ Arcana Entomologica” (vol. ii. pl. 91), so that

the distinctions of the species are apparent at a glance. Having

been indebted to Captain Parry for my acquaintance with this

interesting insect, it is with much pleasure that I have dedicated

it to him, as a slight return for the many opportunities which he

has afforded me of examining portions of his valuable collection.

Shortly after the preceding description was read before the

Society, Mr. Benson arrived in England, bringing with him spe-

cimens of Paussus Parrianus, which he kindly communicated to

me, with the following

Notes on the Capture of Paussi, at the Cape of Good Hope,

by W. H. Benson, Esq.

25th April, 1846. Under a stone at Camp’s Bay, on the western

face of Table Mountain, I captured a species of Paussus Bur-

meistert, Westw., which stained my finger when seized, as I had

observed its congeners do in Hindustan. It was surrounded, and

at first screened from view, by small brown ants, some of which

were winged. Westwood notes that Hope’s and Westermann’s

specimens have no appendages to the abdomen; mine has two

diverging spines set a little apart, near the middle of the podex,

underneath.

8th June. Between the end of Hope Street, Cape Town, and

Table Mountain, and on the skirts of the Devil’s Peak, discovered

under a stone, near a rill, and in rather a moist spot, eight spe-

cimens of the Paussus, since called Parrianus by Westwood, from

a specimen from Port Natal, and which a reference to the mono-

graph in the “ Arcana” showed to be undescribed. They were

anew Species of Paussus. 31

among crowds of ants, some on the under face of the stone, others

in the ruins of tle ants’ nests. Several of them crepitated and

stained my fingers.

13th June. ‘Two more specimens of Paussus Parrianus, among

ants, under the loose bark of a felled and decaying oak tree, on

the eastern base of Table Mountain, and by the side of a lane

running from Newlands towards Protea and Hout Bay.

15th June. Two other specimens on the same log. These

were undisturbed during my previous search, as fatigue pre-

vented my stripping off the whole of the bark. The whole of

these captures were made upon crutches, during short explora-

tions in places to which a wheeled carriage could convey me.

My success, under such circumstances, shows what might be done

in the locality by an active collector.

26th June. Three specimens among ants again, under the bark

of a felled fir-tree lymg near the same spot.

29th. A single specimen, under a stone, near the spot where

I made my first capture. It inhabited a formicary like the rest,

but this was the first instance in which I found this gregarious

species unassociated with another of its own kind.

7th September. While searching on the skirts of the Devil’s

Peak, near the third milestone between Cape Town and Ronde-

bosch, for specimens of Graphipterus 3-linealtus, Dejean, I found

under a stone, with its usual companions, my 17th specimen of

Paussus Parrianus, and on the 21st September I obtained three

more under similar circumstances near the same spot. It is sin-

gular that a species, comparatively so abundant, should so long

have eluded the search of entomological visitors to the Cape,

more especially of Thunberg, who brought P. léneatus and ruber

thence.

The abundance of specimens creating an indifference regarding

the chance of losing specimens not at once secured and set, ena-

bled me to keep some alive for a time to observe their habits.

In so doing, I discovered at least one use of the singular club of

the antenne: these beetles, when thrown on their backs on writing

paper, were, from their flatness in that part, and the shortness of

their feet, unable to turn themselves over, until, by turning an

antennz back, making the joint rigid, and using the club as a

lever, they throw themselves sufficiently over on one side to gain

their feet. When I deprived them of the assistance of their an-

tenn, by placing them with their heads beyond the edge of the

paper, their struggles to regain their proper position, by means of

their feet alone, were ineffectual. A club composed of many

32 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description, &c.

loose _joints would have been useless, and the attempt to render

each individual joint rigid would have been fatiguing to the

muscles.

I could detect no sexual distinctions in Paussus Parrianus in

external appendages. ‘The specimens vary much in size, and one

variety has very little dark colour on the elytra.

A letter from Dr. Bacon received to-day tells me that he has

taken two more new Pausstz; one on the 17th April, in the

clutches of an ant, the other on the 13th May, flying. The first,

he says, is certainly quite new; the second, he says, comes

nearest to P. denticulatus. His collection of species, in all the

orders, amounts now to 3716, of which 2103 are Coleoptera.

IX. Descriptions of some new Species of Exotic Cetoniide.

By the Rev. F. W. Hope, F.R.S,, &e-

[Read Sth January, 1846. ]

Sp. 1. Diplognatha Herculeana, Hope. (PI. 1V. fig. 1.)

Affinis D. gagati, Olivier, at multo major. Tota atra, nitida,

clypeo truncato, reflexo; thorace fere in medio binis punctis

elevatis notato; elytra glaberrima, absque striis punctisque

ullis. Sternum in mucronem obtusum productum. Pedes

nigri, pilis nigris tibiisque dentato- “spinosis.

Long. lin. 15, lat. lin. 8.

Habitat circa Palmas, in Africa tropicali occidentali.

In Museo Dom. Hope.

Received in the year 1845 from the Rev. T. Savage of Cape

Palmas. Mr. Macleay has, I think, very properly considered

gagates, Fab., as typical of his subgroup Gagalesie. (Vid. Ilus-

trations of Annulosa of South Africa, ii. 22.) Dr. Burmeister

has united Cetonia [Tebrea, of Olivier, with the same genus; I

am inclined, however, to place //ebrea with other species in a

subgenus, as they differ in form and colouring, and cannot pro-

perly be ranked under Gagatesie. To the former group belong

Silicea of MacLeay, pectoralis of Bainbridge, and the typical

gagates. Campsiura, with which Burmeister seems inclined to

place it, is quite another form.

Fig. la, mandible ; 16, maxilla; le, mentum; 1d and le, mesosternal process.

Rev. F. W. Hope’s Descriptions, &c. 33

Sp. 2. Diplognatha ornatipennis, Hope. (PI. IV. fig. 2.)

Atra, clypeo fere quadrato, disco excavato, antennis nigro

piceoque colore tinctis. ‘Thorax ater, lateribus flavis, in

medio binis lineis concoloribus, antice posticeque haud ad

marginem extensis, binisque aliis irregularibus inter mar-

ginem et lineas thoracis positis. Elytra nigra, fascia aurantia

irregulari conspicud. Podex flavo-pilosus. Corpus infra ni-

grum, nitidum, aurantioque colore sparsim variegatum, pe-

dibus concoloribus.

Long. lin. 124, lat. lin. 53.

Habitat circa Palmas.

In Muszeo Dom. Hope.

I feel inclined to place the above beautiful species in the second

section of Diplognatha, along with Hebrea of Olivier and others.

Fig. 2a, maxilla; 26, mentum; 2¢ and 2d, mesosternal process.

Sp. 3. Cetonia rubro-cincta, Hope. (PI. IV. fig. 3.)

Atro-olivacea, clypeo obscuriori. Thorax concolor, marginibus

externis elevatis et obscure rubro-marginatis. Scutellum

margine omni rubro colore tinctum. Elytra nigro-olivacea,

limbo lato rubro inquinata, punctaque varia alba ad infe-

riorem partem disci sparsirn apparent. Corpus infra viride,

nitidum. Pectus parva macula nitet et segmenta abdominis

variant maculis albis duplici serie dispositis. Podex in medio

ruber, lateribus viridibus, punctisque quatuor albidis minutis

variegatus. Pedes supra et infra nigricantes.

Long. lin. 84, lat. lin, 5.

Habitat circa Palmas.

In Muszeo Dom. Hope.

I received the above insect from Cape Palmas. It is subject

to considerable variety, and it is doubtful if the red margins may

not be accounted for by immaturity. In many specimens also

the white punctures are wanting. Other individuals present

merely a dark olive colour without any variation.

Fig. 3a, maxilla; 3, mentum; 3c and 3d, mesosternal process.

Sp. 4. Glycyphana eruginosa, Hope. (Pl. IV. fig. 4.)

Leete viridis, opaca, capite nigro-punctato, apice emarginato.

Thorax undique vel lateribus tantum flavo-marginatus spar-

simque punctatus. Elytra leete viridia, opaca seu eruginosa,

34 Rev. F. W. Hope’s Descriptions of

marginibus flavis, maculisque parvis concoloribus post me-

dium disci positis. Podex convexus, circulariter striolatus,

punctisque tribus albis in triangulum positis alterisque duo-

bus lateralibus. Corpus infra olivaceo-viride, nitidum, pec-

tore albo-punctato, segmentis abdominalibus striolis trans-

versis albis in quadruplici serie dispositis. Pedes nigri,

femoribus et tibiis duobus posticis testaceis.

Long. lin. 532, lat. lin. 3.

Habitat circa Cap. Palmas.

In Mus. D. Hope.

Received from Dr. Savage of Cape Palmas. Closely allied to

Glycyphana impar of Gory and Percheron, pl. 56, fig. 2, [of which

it may possibly be a variety], differing in the colour of the head,

destitute of spots as well as the disc of the thorax. It is also

closely allied to Cetonia cincticollis, Hope, (Annals of Natural

History, August, 1842,) also from Cape Palmas, but that is at once

distinguished by the minute white spots on the elytra, and by the

transversely striolated pygidium.

Fig. 4a, maxilla; 4b, mentum; 4c, anterior tibia.

Sp. 5. Macronata stictica, Hope. (PI. 1V. fig. 5.)

Nigra, clypeo fortiter emarginato et punctato. Thorace con-

colori, punctis quibusdam minutis ad latera positis. Elytra

aterrima, lineis elevatis conspicua variisque minutis punctis

per totum discum sparsa. Corpus infra nigro-violaceum et

punctatum, sterno acuto, ultra pedes anticos extenso. Seg-

menta abdominis utrinque postice lineis albidis notata. Pedes

atri.

Long. lin. 7, lat. lin. 33.

Habitat in agris Mysoriensibus.

In Mus. D. Hope.

This remarkable species is evidently the type of a subgenus

pertaining to Macronata; it was received by me from the Mysore

country during the past year.

Sp. 6. Celorhina guttaia. Olivier.

The accompanying figures, Ga and 66, contain representations

of the head of the ordinary specimens of the males of this fine

species, seen from above and sideways, in order to show the

distinction exhibited by another remarkable specimen which I

received from Dr, Savage at Cape Palmas, which has the two

some new Species of Exotic Cetoniide. 35

anterior horns of the clypeus united together. The upper side

of its head is represented in figure 6c, and its side view in 6d.

Figures, with the necessary details, are also added, of three

other interesting species not previously sufficiently known :—

Sp. 7. Cetonia propinqua, Hope. (PI. 1V. fig. 7.)

This species, figured by Messrs. Gory and Percheron (Mon.

Cet. pl. 51, fig. 3), from my collection, has been referred, by Mr.

MacLeay and Dr. Burmeister, to Genyodonta umbonata. It is,

however, quite distinct, belonging in fact to a distinct subfamily of

Cetoniide, being in several respects most nearly allied to T'richos-

ictha fascicularis and capensis, but forming the type of a distinct

subgenus.

The unique specimen in my collection is a male, having the

four basal segments of the abdomen with a slender longitudinal

channel.

Fig. 7@, represents the insect of the natural size ; 7b, the maxilla; 7c, the

mentum; 7d, the clypeus; 7c, the fore tibie; 7 /, the prosternal

tubercle seen sideways ; 7g and 7h, the mesosternal process.

Sp. 8. Clinteria tetraspilota, Hope. (PI. IV. fig. 8.)

This species, first described by me in the Transactions of the

Zoological Society, comes very near to Clinteria imperialis of

Paykull, of which there are specimens in the British Museum.

‘The species is unique in the collection of Colonel Sykes, and un-

fortunately wants the head. It is a native of the Hast Indies.

Fig. 8a and 8 8, represent the mesosternal process.

Sp. 9. Diplognatha admixta, Hope. (PI. IV. fig. 9.)

This species, concisely described in the Annals of Natural His-

tory for August, 1842, inhabits Cape Palmas.

The specimen appears to be a male, having the middle of the

abdomen flattened but not longitudinally impressed.

Fig. 9a, represents the clypeus; 9b, the maxilla; 9c, the mentum ; 9d,

the fore tibia ; 9e and 9 f, the mesosternal process.

36 Mr. Westwood’s Descriptions

X. Description of Two new Exotic Species of the Genus

Papilio. By J. O. Westwoop, F.L.S., &e.

[Read 7th December, 1846.]

Sp. 1. Papilio Erostratus, Westw. (PI. IIL. figs. 2, 2*.)

P. alis supra viridi-nigris, omnibus incisuris albidis, posticis

acute caudatis et denticulatis serieque submarginali lunularum

7 albidarum; subtus viridi-fuscis, posticis pone medium ma-

culis 7 nigris, nonnullis rufo-guttatis, serieque submarginali

macularum parvarum rosearum, thorace fulvo maculato.

Expansio alarum anticarum une. 43.

Inhabits Central America. In Mus. Becker.

Allied to Papilio Acamas. ‘The upper surface of the wings is of

a dark greenish black colour, with the incisures strongly marked

with whitish buff; the hind wings have a rather long slender tail,

the denticulations, especially those between the tail and the anal

angle, being acute; near the outer margin of the hind wings is a

row of seven whitish buff lunules, very slightly irrorated with

rosy scales. The under surface of the wings is of a greenish

brown colour, the fore wings having a portion of the anterior

margin irrorated with buff and fulvous scales, and near the inner

angle of the wing are a few short oblong spots of the same colour,

very near to the outer margin; the hind wings have a series of

seven black spots beyond the discoidal cell, most of which (but

especially those next the anal margin, which are the largest,) are

irrorated with carmine scales or dots, and halfway between this

row and the outer margin of the wings is a row of small pale car-

mine-coloured lunules, the one nearest the anal angle being dupli-

cated and preceded by a black patch uniting it with the spot above.

The neck and sides of the body are spotted with fulvous.

Sp. 2. Papilio Zetes, Westw. (PI. III. figs. 1, 1*.)

R. alis fuscis, supra fascia maculari fulva, ex angulo anali fere

ad apicem anticarum extensa, maculis in alis posticis ma-

joribus et magis fulvis; anticis subtus macula trifida in apice

arez discoidalis ; macula triangulari costali, fasciaque macu-

lari albida; posticis fascia media lata argentea (venis fuscis

divisa) serieque submarginali irregulari macularum rubrarum

of Two new Exotic Species of Genus Papilio. 37

quarum quatuor majoribus in plagas totidem argenteas di-

latatis, collo et thorace fulvo- maculatis.

I:xpansio alar. antic. une. 33.

Habitat in Insula St. Dominici Indiz occidentalis. In Mus.

D. Hearne et Hope.

The upper surface of all the wings is of a rich brown colour,

the incisures slightly marked with pale buff; the tails of the

hind wings of moderate length, and narrow; the fore wings have

a few buff scales, forming several slight patches near the extre-

mity of the discoidal cell, a macular fulvous fascia runs from near

the apical angle of the fore wings almost to the anal angle of the

hind ones, the spots on the hind wings being largest, and extend-

ing nearly to the discoidal cell, and of a richer fulvous colour ;

the one nearest the anal margin is narrow and curved.

The fore wings on the under side have the macular band pale

buff, and a trifid pale yellow spot near the extremity of the discoidal

cell, beyond which is a subtriangular costal spot divided by the

adjacent nerves. The hind wings have a broad row of six silver

spots running across the middle, just beyond the discoidal cell,

the costal area with a yellow dash and a pale buff irregular spot

near the anal margin; at a short distance beyond this silvery

fascia is a row of seven red transverse spots, four of which are

dilated into triangular silvery patches extending outwardly; the

pale buff incisural marks are large and triangular.

The head has two small white dots between the eyes, and the

neck has two rows of four small fulvous dots; the sides of the

thorax beneath the wings are also spotted with fulvous, and the

abdomen has four longitudinal streaks of the same colour,

This beautiful species was brought from St. Domingo by John

Hearne, Esq. F.Z.S., &c.

38 Mr. Templeton’s Descriptions

XI. Descriptions of some Species of the Lepidopterous Genus

Oiketicus, from Ceylon. By Ropert Temeeton, Esq.,

R.A. (in a Letter addressed to J. O. Westwood.)

[Read 6th April, 1846. ]

“ Tertia species, ni fallor, mox describenda.”—

Rev, L. Guilding, Linn. Trans, xv. p. 375.

Axout fourteen months ago, while searching a stunted bush (Citrus

decumana) for caterpillars, I observed, depending from one of the

branches, a singularly formed cocoon, whose mode of attachment

excited my attention. I brought home the branch and placed it

in one of my breeding boxes, the lid of which was formed of

glass. After a few hours, happening to pass, I was surprised to

find that the cocoon had left the place where I had deposited it,

and had become attached to the glass, a fine thread from the tail

still, however, connecting it to the branch. I anticipated the pos-

session of a gigantic Psyche, but after a little time I recollected that

I had met with a somewhat similar cocoon figured somewhere

in the Linnean Transactions, and on searching found the paper

of the Rev. L. Guilding, which left me without a doubt of its

being a new “ Otketicus.”’ ‘Taking another peep into the box I

found my new acquaintance with its head out, and perceived that

it corresponded exactly with the figure given in his plate 2, in form,

and nearly in size (fig. 6), but differed slightly in the dark mark-

ings on the head. The mode of marching along the glass was

very curious: swinging its head from side to side, it attached by

its spinnerets twenty minute threads, a quarter of an inch long,

to the glass; it then hooked its fore claws into the loop, ad-

vanced a step and begun another set 0°2 from the former; in this

way it marched about three inches in half an hour, reaching the

wooden side of the box, across which it descended by a precisely

similar course of operations: when disturbed it immediately re-

tired within the cocoon, the funnel-shaped membrane or hood,

attached to the more rigid front of the cocoon, closing up the

mouth; when it has advanced to such a distance that the fine

thread which steadies the smaller extremity or tail becomes too

much tightened to permit a farther stretching, it is disengaged and

a new attachment formed to some other body, usually a leaf or

fine twig, which will yield an inch or two without the thread

breaking. I supplied fresh leaves (C. decumana) every day; in

about two weeks I found it attached to the glass by the extremity

of some Species of Lepidopterous Genus Oiheticus. 39

of the hood, a numerous set of fine lines radiating from its floccu-

lent edges, and attaching themselves and it to the glass. In this

state it remained about two months, when I noticed an unusual

bustle in the box, and found, on examination, a most active little

creature just emerged from the case; he was dashing about as if

mightily impatient of the narrow limits put to his excursions,

lashing his long tail about with much vivacity. Before I could

secure him he had injured himself much against the twigs, leaves

and sides of the box, but fortunately not sufficiently to obliterate

the characteristic markings on the wings. I transferred him to

my insect case, and named him in compliment to Mr. Guilding’s

prophecy,

Oiketicus tertius. (PI. V. fig. 1.)

Body purplish black, covered with very coarse longish hairs.

Abdomen dark brown with lateral tufts. Antenne brown; basal

half pectinated. Anterior legs with strong marginal hairs ; tarsi

and hinder legs nearly naked. Wings dark grey, elongate, covered

with coarse pulvinuli, a black triangular dash in the centre, with

two smaller, less distinct in a line, towards the tip. Posterior

wings securiform, triangular, concolorous. It belongs to same

division with O. Kirbi.

in May last I received from my friend Mr. Ff. Layard another

cocoon of larger size, which he found on a cinnamon bush; I

supplied the inmate with leaves of different kinds, but could not

discover any that it would touch. It soon attached itself to the

glass, and has remained there ever since.

In July last Mr. R. Dawson brought me from his coffee estate

in Saffragam a large female nearly of the size of the magnified

figure in plate 2 (Lin. Trans.) : it was found on the leaf of Delima

sarmentosa. The case is singular, being composed of a little

bundle of sticks placed parallel to each other, one inch and a half

long, twelve in number, tied together by a few fine threads wrapped

round the whole at the top, and a similar set at the bottom, and

interiorly connected by threads, which form the outer envelope of

the soft silky cocoon in which the animal resides; the expansile

neck is precisely similar to that described above. Before I could

get a drawing taken, she had attached herself to the glass per-

manently, and I have been afraid to touch it since. I am satisfied

it is a female, from an account given me of the whole process of

sexual intercourse with a male, by Mr. F. Dick, on the authority

of his superintendent, who had observed them more than once,

40 Mr. Saunders’s Remarks

I expect specimens from this gentleman. It is from size and the

brilliant yellow colour of the head and first rings unquestionably

a new species.

In August I found on another pamplemos bush two more

cocoons resembling nearly exactly those of the male described,

but rather smaller and more conical. One of them came out on

the 22d of October, warm moist weather, and I got, but much

injured, the following species, which, from its agreeing so closely

with O. (Cryptothelea, Duncan) Macleayi, I have named,

Orketicus (Cryptothelea) consortus. (Pl. V. fig. 7.)

Body brown, covered with coarse longish brown hairs, abdomen

brownish, nearly naked, last annuli yellow, with dark margins;

anterior legs with marginal brown hairs; posterior nearly naked ;

middle intermediate in this character; antenne pectinate to the

tip, dark brown. Wings uniform brown, broad.

Plate V. fig. 1, Otketicus tertius, natural size; fig. 2, cocoon; fig. 3, pupa

case ; fig. 4, exhibiting the ribbed appearance of a ring ; fig. 5,

male suspended at rest; fig. 6. cocoon of Oiketicus consortus ;

fig, 7, O. consortus natural size; fig. 8, case found Delima

surmentosa,.

XII. Remarks on the Habits and Economy of a Species of

Oiketicus found on Shrubs in the Vicinity of Sydney,

N.S.W. By W.W. Saunpers, Esquire, F. L.S., &c.

Drawn up from Notes furnished by W. Stephenson, Esq.

[Read Ist February, 1847.]

Tue larve are enclosed in a silken case, fortified on the outside

with pieces of stick of various lengths, generally about half an

inch on the main part, but towards the lower end there are usually

a few from one to three inches in length, in the centre of which

the lower end of the silken case protrudes free from the sticks,

and is very flexible. Through this aperture the larva discharges

its excrement and exuvia. The upper or head extremity of the

case is a beautiful tissue of soft silk, forming a tube half an inch

in width, through which the larva emerges to feed and change its

position. It frequently comes out half its length, but most com-

monly only protrudes its six true feet and the four first segments

on Habits, &c. of a Species of Oiketicus. 4]

of the body. It generally takes the precaution to attach a por-

tion of the side of the mouth of the tube to the branch upon

which it is feeding, and when any thing touches it unexpectedly,

it immediately and with great celerity recedes into the case, draw-

ing in the flexible part of the tube after it, and contracting the

aperture so as to exclude all enemies. The larve of the largest

cases are about three inches in length and half an inch in dia-

meter. The abdominal and anal feet are mere circies of small

points or hooks with which it moves in the case, taking hold of

the beautiful silken lining, to which it can adhere with great per-

tinacity. The cases are found suspended on various shrubs, such

as the different kinds of Leptospermum, Melaleuca, &c. at all

seasons, and are very conspicuous. Previous to changing into

the pupa state, the larva firmly fixes itself with silken fibres to

some branch or paling, drawing together and permanently closing

the head opening. It then reverses its position in the case, and

envelopes itself in a beautiful soft silken cocoon of a yellowish

white colour, On opening a considerable number of cases I

found the insect in various stages of growth in June. The pupa

of the largest cases are about two inches in length and half an

inch in diameter, and are of a dark chesnut colour. Those of the

smaller cases are darker, inclining to black, with the abdomen

much attenuated, and about one inch and a half in length. The

former are females, the latter males.

Notwithstanding the extraordinary care bestowed upon the

larvee to protect them from enemies, I have many examples of

the depredations of a parasite, and an ichneumon has appeared in

more than one instance.

August 30. On this day I first observed a yellowish white sub-

stance protruding at the lower end of the largest cases, which

upon close examination proved to be a portion of the females in

the imago state, one-third of their bodies being exposed. About

an hour afterwards, examining the cases again, I found the fe-

males had receded, and in opening a case the female moth became

evident within, and thus they emerge and recede as occasion may

require. The female is a large apterous moth, with very little of

the ordinary appearance of an insect of the moth kind. The length

is about 13 inches, diameter full halfan inch, colour yellowish white,

fawn or buff. Head and three first segments of the body naked

and glossy on the upper part. Feet very short. Antennz none,

or at least not visible to the unassisted eye. Anal segment of

the body clothed all round with a dense covering of silky down

42 Mr. Saunders’s Remarks

of a deeper colour than the rest of the body. Ovipositor well

developed.

September 5. Examined some of the females, no males having

yet appeared. Two or three were dead; one nearly so, having

deposited a great number of ova within the pupa case, which were

enveloped in a short silky material. When the female has de-

posited all her ova, she is literally nothing but thin skin, which

soon desiccates, leaving room for the young larve to pass. I have

examined other species of Ovketicus, and find all the females

are apterous.

September 20. A male imago appeared this morning; it had

been in active operation a good while, as evinced by its wings,

being much broken at the tips and otherwise much abraded. It

is an insect of very peculiar construction, and seems to have some

affinity with Zeuzera. It has the extraordinary power of extending

the abdomen to two inches in length, and of turning and twisting

it in all directions. When in this state it has alternate rings of

black and yellow, with a curious appendage at the extremity. The

male appears very eager to accomplish the grand object of nature,

namely, the continuation of its species, as its existence appears to

be of short duration. The large fat or rather distended females

have not room to turn their bodies so as to present the generative

organs conveniently to the male, consequently the immense de-

velopment of the abdomen in the males is of the greatest import«

ance; but it appears very extraordinary that the head of the

female should be inverted, when it is known that she never

emerges from the case unless by accidentally falling therefrom,

which position obliges the male when in the act of coition to

stretch his abdomen all along the side of the female full 13 inches.

This peculiarity appears to me to be the design of the all wise

Creator in order to afford a secure place for the defenceless larvae,

viz. that of the pupa case of their parent, from which they emerge

after the disappearance of their mother’s body, and immediately

form themselves silken cases covered with small pieces of any

thing they can procure, arranged in every respect like the larger

ones.

The foregoing interesting details were forwarded to me by Mr.

W. Stephenson, and as they refer to an insect which appears to

be undescribed [ shall here give a short character of the species

to enable future observers to identify it. I shall retain it in the

on Habits, &c. of a Species of Oiketicus. 43

genus Otketicus for the present, although I feel convinced that the

genus Oiketicus, as established by Mr. L. Guilding in the Linnzean

Transactions, will not properly admit the so called species of

Oiketici from New South Wales and our East Indian possessions.

Indeed Mr. E. Doubleday has already created a subgenus for one

( Thyridopteryx, Stephens) of the clear winged species from Western

Australia, in the propriety of which I fully concur.

Oiketicus elongatus, W. W. S.

Male.—Head rufous brown, with the eyes black. Antenne

short, of the same colour. Thorax black, with the anterior half

rufous brown. Wings sooty black, with the nervures hyaline ;

the anterior pair long, narrow, and sharp pointed, the posterior

pair about two-thirds the length of the anterior. Abdomen

black, tipped with rufous brown, occasionally much elongated,

when it appears as if it were black and brown banded. The

brown bands are occasioned by the membrane of the abdomen

showing itself at the joints. Legs anterior pair rufous brown,

the two posterior pairs black. ‘Tarsi black.

Expansion of wings 2 inches.

Abundant about Sidney, New South Wales.

In the Collections of the British Museum, W. W. Saunders, &c.

Female.—Apterous, cylindrical, of a yellowish brown or fawn

colour. Head and three first segments of the body naked and

glossy above; anal segments covered with silky down of a deeper

colour than the rest of the body.

Length 13 inch, diameter 3 inch.

Tn the Collection of W. W. Saunders.

44 Mr. Robert Templeton’s Motes

XIII. Motes upon Ceylonese Lepidoptera. By Roperr

TremPLeton, Esq., R.A.

[Read 5th October, 1846.]

Tue lime trees in Ceylon are occasionally nearly destroyed by

the caterpillars of the true Papilionide, namely, Papilio Polym-

nestor, Pammon, Polydorus and Hector; but most particularly

by the caterpillars of P. Pammon, which strips the trees com-

pletely, but this is rare. Very many other Lepidoptera feed

likewise on the genus Ciérus, but do no harm as far as I have

observed. I have both sexes of P. Mutius, the females are larger

and the markings more developed. I have plenty of P. Polydorus

and also P. Polytes. I have both sexes of P. Pammon; the male

has a little white mark near the anal angle of the posterior wing ;

the female an ocellus exactly resembling that of P. Polytes ; all the

other markings are the same in both, except in the females they

are larger and longer. One half of my specimens of P. Crino?

have the green band exactly divided by the closing nerve of the

discoid area; in the remainder it is broader and quite clear of the

nerve, but there is no other distinction that I can observe either

in the ocellus of the posterior wings or in the lunules; the latter

variety has the abdomen rather larger and I suspect it to be the

female. The male of P. Epius is without the blue lunule, the

female has it; and both sexes vary in having or not having one or

two spots outside the closing nervure of the discoid cell of this lower

wing; beneath, the markings in both are nearly identical, lunule

and all. Ihave a Diadema intermediate between Bolina and Auge,

the female of which has the apical angle of the same colour as

the rest of the wing, traversed by black veins. I believe the

brown specimens of Cethosia to be the males, as the large blue

ones have much the most tumid bodies. I have a new beautiful

Limenitis ? near Procris, dark purple velvet, paler at the margins

of the wings, with red patches across the discoid area, and white

spots in a curved fork near the apex; hind wings with a double

row of black spots along the exterior margin band with crimson

towards the exterior angle, and a similar dot behind the anal one;

all the spots are crimson beneath except the white ones. Charazes,

Nos. 104 and 105, are certainly sexes of the same species, the

latter I think the male ;* the pupa case is nearly globular, and is

* No. 105 is Charaxes Bernhardus, No. 104 is Charaves Psaphon, Westw.

Cab. Orient. Ent, pl. 21, fig. sup.

upon Ceylonese Lepidoptera. 45

represented in plate V. fig. 9, a section of it being figured in

fig. 10. Of Polyommatus I have twelve species, or very distinct

varieties ; of T'hecla twenty-five, some very distinct and beautiful.

Of some genera of minute Lepidoptera 1 have beautiful series,

especially of the Pyralide ; and of the china-marks, and their allies,

some very handsome species.

It may be worthy of notice that if a Centipede be mutilated by

a blow which only half kills it, after its death it contracts in

length to a very great degree, whence I was formerly led to believe

this to be a specific peculiarity. I may also add, in correction of

a previous remark of mine, that I now possess numbers of the

cast skins of the Ceylonese species of Phrynus.

XIV. Notes on Indian Lepidoptera. By Carrarn THomas

Hurron. In a letter addressed to J. O. Westwocd,

Esq.

[Read 5th October, 1846.]

Mussooree, 26th June, 1846.

My DEAR Sir,

Your letter was duly received, and I would

long ere this have answered it had I not wished to do so after

another careful examination of the manner in which the Saturnia

Selene (Plectropteron Diana) effects its exit from the silken cocoon.

After such examination however I can find nothing to alter or add

to my former notice of the insect, except that I have made a

rough sketch of the caterpillar (Plate V. fig. 11.) and enclose it in

this letter; the colours are dull compared to those of the living

insect, and the green is beautifully soft and almost transparent,

while at the same time the animal feels crisp and firm to the

touch; the sketch is very imperfect and faulty, but will convey

the figure of the caterpillar accurately enough if not already

known. You state in your letter that you cannot believe the

escape from the cocoon is effected by the instrument I pointed

out, (namely the appendages at the sides of the front of the

thorax,) because that is present in all Lepidoptera; this however,

so far from upsetting my statement, should rather lead to the

suspicion that many other species may effect their escape in the

same manner as S. Selene, particularly as in many cases it is not

VOL. Ve | F

46 Captain T. Hutton’s Motes on Indian Lepidoptera.

positively known how such escape is made. Look to Saturnia

for instance, or at least to some of the genus, which are described

as having “no mouth and as taking no nourishment in the imago

slate ;’ how does such a moth effect its escape? It cannot be by

ejecting a fluid from the mouth to dissolve the threads, because

the mouth is wanting; it must therefore be done by some such

instrument as that already pointed out, or by a fluid from the

anus. In regard to the common Tusseh moth of India, which is

said to possess no mouth, the escape from the cocoon, which is

very hard indeed, is effected by a liquid and not by cutting; this

I have frequently watched; the liquid must surely be from the

anus, since the mouth is wanting; the new mulberry moth which

you have kindly noticed (Bombyx Huttoni, Westw. Cab. Or. Ent.

pl. 12, f. 4,) likewise effects its escape, as does B. mori, by moisture,

but whether from mouth or anus is, I suspect, not precisely deter-

mined.

In the 112th number of the Annals of Natural History I see

Captain Boys remarks that he had never observed any Lucani

in the plains of India, although very common in the Himalayas:

Lucanus Girafa of Olivier has nevertheless been captured at

Saugor in central India by Mr. Benson, and I took it abun-

dantly last year at the foot of the hills in the Deyrah Dhoon ;

that valley however, at the place where the insect was taken, has

an elevation of about 3500 feet above the sea. I likewise last

year obtained a very curious and interesting beetle at Mussooree,

elevation about 6500 feet ; it was cut out of the trunk of an oak tree

which was being broken up for fire wood; it is allied to Scarabeus

longimanus, and belongs, I suspect, to the genus Hucheirus. I shall

send it home shortly, and beg of you to present it to the Ento-

mological Society of London, with my best respects. Mr. Benson

obtained the thorax of another specimen from a similar situation,

and a lad at this place possesses a perfect male likewise, but will

not part with it. 1845 was the first year in which any of us sus-

pected the existence of such an insect up here, and yet we have in

some instances collected for the last ten years. By the bye, I

observed in a former number of the Annals and Mag. Nat. His-

tory, that you had read before the Entomological Society an

extract of a letter from Colonel Hearsey, in which he states that

he had seen Papilio Pammon and P. Polytes in coitu; this appears

to induce, or rather to confirm, an opinion which had previously

been entertained, namely, that the insects were identical, being

the two sexes of the same species. This opinion I am convinced

is wrong, and the insects totally distinct as species, and my reasons

are these; viz. Ist, I possess specimens of males and females of

Captain T. Hutton’s Notes on Indian Lepidoptera. 47

both species; 2nd, the fact of their being taken in coitu is no

more conclusive evidence of identity of species, than the same act

between the ass and the mare would be! or the linnet and canary,

or of depraved man with the brute beast! ‘The species being

nearly allied, may in certain cases where the females of either are

scarce, or have been destroyed by some mischance, lead the

amorous male to couple with the nearly allied species, in order

merely to gratify his fierce desires, but we have no proof of the

female becoming prolific from such intercourse; nor if we had,

could it furnish more evidence than in the case of the horse and

ass. I shall endeavour by the end of the year to make up a box of

insects for the Entomological Society, and another for yourself,

which I must beg you to accept. I shall likewise endeavour to

procure a supply of the new mulberry silk worm; the eggs which

I had procured for you were kept in too warm a situation, and

hatched at a season when there were no mulberry leaves, so that

they all died. In the meantime, I send you a few remarks on the

genus Papilio, which will show what we have here in that genus.

Order LEPIDOPTERA.

Section 1. LeprporprERA DIURNA.

Family 1. PAPILIONIDZ.

Genus 1. Parinio.

Sp. 1. Papilio Machaon. The Swallow-tail Butterfly.

It does not appear to differ from examples of the European

insect which I possess. At Deyrah, in the valley of the Dhoon, it

is seen on the wing as early as February, and in April, its cater-

pillars are abundant there on the carrot. At Mussooree, in the

hills, it appears in the latter end of March and continues till

October. The caterpillar is green, with a black velvety trans-

verse band across each segment, bearing four spots of bright

orange ; it possesses the orange coloured retractile process in the

head, from which exudes a liquid drop of a strong aromatic scent,

when the insect is touched, precisely as in the European cater-

pillar. The food is the wild and garden carrot, and the leaves

and flowers of the raddish. I have taken the caterpillars at

Mussooree early in May, and the pupa on the 18th May. The

same species is abundant at Simla, and extends far into the

interior.

Sp. 2. P. Podalirius.

This species, if it really does exist in these parts, must be

48 Captain T. Hutton’s Notes on Indian Lepidoptera.

extremely rare, for during a five years’ residence at Mussooree,

I have never been fortunate enough to see a specimen either on

the wing, or in collections made here. In 1841, however, I cap-

tured a caterpillar, which I believed to belong to this insect, but

to my great disappointment, it produced nothing. I therefore

mention the existence of this butterfly at Mussooree, from having

seen a very exact painting of the insect, done some years ago by a

lady who captured a specimen near the village of Bhuttah, near

Mussooree. The evidence of its occurrence may be considered

insufficient, but this notice may induce collectors to make a close

search for the species.

Sp. 3. P. Epius.

Occurs in the Deyrah Dhoon, and likewise in the hills during

summer. Donovan gives the habitat “ China,’ and Cramer, who

figures it under the name of P. Erithonius, (Plate 232, A B,) says

it is very common in China, Java, and on the coast of Coromandel,

but never at the Cape of Good Hope. I have received it from

Madras, and frequently took it at Neemuch, in Western India; the

caterpillar feeds on the citron, and is green, with a reddish or orange

coloured head; the fourth segment of the body is also bordered

with the same colour, and there is a lateral oblique stripe on the

hinder parts, which is blackish and edged with white ; the spiracles

are black; there are two short tentacular horns projecting from

the anterior segment, and two others from the anal segment,

beneath which latter is a whitish stripe, running obliquely forwards

and downwards; a white lateral stripe above the legs, which are

yellowish. It is very like the larva of P. Pammon, figured by

Horsfield, except that the latter has no tentacular horns.

Sp. 4. P. Demoleus.

This likewise occurs in the Dhoon and in the hills; it very

closely resembles the last, but is readily distinguished by the red

spot at the inner margin of the lower wings, having a blue eye-

shaped mark above it. It is figured by Donovan as a Chinese

insect, and Boisduval gives the ‘‘ coast of Guinea, Senegal, and

Madagascar ;” Fabricius again gives the East Indies, and says

“the larva is solitary, smooth, of a yellowish green colour, with a

reddish head, two tentacles on the neck, and a bifid tail. Bois-

duval again applies this to P. Hpius, stating that P. Demoleus has

been reared at Senegal by M. Dumolin, and that the larva feeds

on the citron trees.’"’"—(Westwood’s Donovan’s Insects of China.)

Boisduval seems to be right in referring this description of the

Captain T. Hutton’s Motes on Indian Lepidoptera. 49

larva to P. Epius, but considering how nearly the two species are

allied, it is not surprising that the larva should be very similar,

and the description of the larva of the one species may therefore

very nearly suit the other also. P. Demoleus, however, is not

confined to Africa, as Boisduval’s remarks would lead one to sup-

pose, but is found in China according to Donovan, and in India

according to Fabricius; the latter statement I can corroborate, for

the species is far from uncommon here. It is figured by Donovan,

and also by Cramer, (plate 231, A B,) who states that it is from

the Cape of Good Hope.*

Sp. 5. P. Protenor.

Donovan figures the female, and Cramer gives both sexes

(plate 49, A B) as found in China. It is by no means an un-

common species in the warm glens of these hills during the

summer months, and it is common in the Dhoon. Its flight is

somewhat heavy and unsteady.

Sp. 6. P. Dissimilis.

Occurs in warm glens as well as in the Dhoon, but it does not

appear to be very numerous. It is figured by Cramer (plate 82,

C D), and said to be from China, where it is supposed to be

common, as almost every collection from that country is said to

contain them.

Sp. 7. P. Panope.

Is found rather sparingly in the hills during summer, but is

more abundant in the Dhoon. It is figured by Cramer (plate 295,

E F) as coming from China.

Sp. 8. P. Polytes.

Cramer gives plate 265, C, as the female of P. Polytes, A B ;

in this he is wrong, as I have taken males and females of both.

P. Polytes, A B, is not uncommon here during the rainy season,

and at Rajpore, at the foot of the hills, it is frequently met with.

Cramer’s figure C is a distinct species, which is also found here,

but its name is unknown to me. Cramer gives the habitat China,

Java, and coast of Coromandel, to which may be added the Hima-

Jayan vallies, the Deyrah Dhoon, Neemuch, and Saugor.

Sp. 9. P. Pammon.

This is the most common species of the genus, being sometimes

* [Dr. Templeton states (ante, p. 44,) the distinction of the sexes of P. Epius,

which Captain Hutton has evidently regarded as two species.—J. O. W.]

VOL, V, G

50 Captain T. Hutton’s Votes on Indian Lepidoptera.

seen in dozens in the same field at Rajpore, and elsewhere in the

Dhoon during the months of August and September ; nor are they

uncommon in the glens of these mountains. They are subject to

great variety in the size of the white spots which compose the

band on the posterior wings, as well as in the size and colour of

the lunules on the under side. It is figured by Cramer (plate

141, B), and stated to occur in China, on the coast of Coromandel,

and in Bengal. It is found also at Saugor, in Central India, and

I have received it from Madras. Mr. Westwood mentions in his

‘Arcana Entomologica,” that Colonel Hearsey had observed

P. Pammon and P. Polytes chasing each other con amore, and that

this fact partially confirms the statement of Boisduval as to their

specific identity. Boisduval’s supposition, however, is decidedly

incorrect, for | have repeatedly taken the males and females of the

two species; besides which, the fact of the one chasing the other

could furnish no evidence, since I took at Neemuch a fine specimen

of a male Euplea Plexippus actually in coitu with Huplea Chry-

sippus, and yet there can be no doubt whatever of the distinctness

of these as species. It may so happen that in some seasons, the

females, from particular causes, are scarce, and the males, burning

with fierce desire, may not improbably give chase to and even

couple with closely allied species, but this fact is no more conclu-

sive evidence of identity of species, than the same act between the

ass and the mare would be; or between the linnet and the

canary. It merely shows that nearly allied species may, under

certain circumstances, couple together for the purpose of satisfy-

ing their desires, but we have no proof of the female becoming

prolific from such intercourse, nor even if we had, could it furnish

more evidence than that we derive from the breeding of the horse

with the ass.

Sp. 10. P. Glycerion, Gray.

This very delicate and beautiful species is figured in West-

wood’s ** Arcana Entomologica ;” it is rather rare with us, and I

have never seen it on the wing. Mr. Westwood’s figure is taken

from a specimen captured at or near Simla,

Sp. 11. P. Agestor.

Is described by Mr. G. R. Gray as from Sumatra, but West-

wood’s figure is from a specimen taken in India. It is one of the

earliest of the genus, being found in woody situations in April

and May, dancing lightly over the tops of low bushes and trees,

with a sailing kind of flight, gliding along without moving the

wings. It is by no means rare at Mussooree.

Captain T. Hutton’s Votes on Indian Lepidoptera. 651

Sp. 12. P. Sarpedon.

Is one of the commonest, but not the least beautiful of our

butterflies ; it appears early in May, and is found till the end of

the rains in September. It usually frequents the top of oak trees,

where it flits about with a jumping or jerking flight, and is some-

what difficult to capture from its quickness, and the height at

which it keeps. It is figured by Cramer (plate 122, D E), and

stated to be from China and Amboyna.

Sp. 13. P. Cloanthus, Westwood.

Is very common in fine warm weather, flitting with great

rapidity over the tops of the forest trees. It usually selects some

lofty oak, over the summit of which it continues to dance with a

jerking flight like that of P. Sarpedon, until its domain is invaded

by another individual, when a rapid chase round and round the

tree takes place; one while they dart away from the tree down

the side of the steep mountain, but ever and anon return to the

favourite tree, until one is fairly driven off, when the other

resumes its dance as before. It is difficult to capture, from its

high and rapid flight. It appears in the end of April, and con-

tinues throughout the summer. It is most nearly allied to the

foregoing, but has tails to the posterior wings. It is figured in

Westwood’s beautiful work the “ Arcana Entomologica.”

These are all the species of this genus with which I am as yet

acquainted as inhabitants of these hills, but should such like com-

munications be acceptable, I shall be very happy occasionally to

record any facts that may come to my knowledge.

P.S. Since writing the above, it has occurred to me that I am

wrong in saying we have no other species of Papilio, as there

is certainly one, and probably two others. One seems to be very

closely allied to, if not identical with, P. Arcturus, but there are

some points of difference which make me hesitate to pronounce

them identical ; this one is very common in the Dhoon, and in

warm glens in the hills, during the latter part of the summer or

rainy season; the other species or variety differs in having no

tail to the blue patch on the posterior wings,—the patch being a

mere large spot, and the under surface has red Junules also, In

P. Arcturus, a yellow crescent spot is represented by Westwood

at the eye spot of the posterior wings, which neither of my species

possesses,

52 Rev. F. W. Hope’s Descriptions

XV. Descriptions of several new Species of Helide from

Australia. By the Rev. Frep. Wiui1am Hops, F.R.S.

&e.

[Read 6th July, 1846.]

Tue Marquis de Breme, in the year 1842, published the first part

of his “ Monograph des Cossyphides,” in which he describes all

the species of Heleus occurring in the collections of London and

Paris. Thirty-eight only are mentioned, and at the period of its

publication it was considered an important acquisition, as few

individuals possessed even a single specimen in their Cabinets.

Several of the species were described from my collection, and as

I possess nearly all which are published I have little doubt that

the others which are now described for this Society will be found

to be new. I am inclined to consider Heleus as a group of much

more importance than Cossyphus, and one which may be considered

as analogous to Cossyphus, but totally distinct: little is known

respecting its habits. In looking to the entomological fauna of

Australia I do not see any reason why Cossyphus should not

eventually appear there ; most probably it exists ; as in contrasting

the groups of Asia and New Holland I find a preponderance of

Asiatic types, with a mixture of forms altogether Australian, On

this point however I need not dilate at present: it only remains

for me to add, that, wishing to see described all the species of

Heleus occurring in our metropolitan Cabinets or elsewhere, ‘I

shall feel obliged by the loan of any new species which Members

of this Society may transmit to me for such a purpose.

Family HELASID/, Hope.

Sp. 1. Heleus princeps, Hope. (PI. VI. fig. 1.)

Fuscus, disco in medio nigricante, marginibus pallidioribus seu

rubro-fuscis, pedibusque concoloribus. Thorax antrorsum

rotundatus (angulis anterioribus complicatis) ; foramen antice

latius quam longius, postice tuberculo elevato nigricanti,

foramine utrinque satis conspicuo. Elytra late ovalia, postice

rotundata, medio disci atriori, suturdque elevata, sexque

punctatis lineis elevatis in singulo apparentibus, marginibus

late piceo-fulvis, punctisque atris elevatis sparsim aspersis.

Corpus infra fusco-brunneum. Pedes concolores.

Long. lin. 154, lat. Jin. 93.

In Mus. D. Hope.

The above magnificent insect, considerably larger than any

of several new Species of Heleide. 53

species of Helcus hitherto described, was sent to me by Captain

Roe of Swan River; it was taken at Norfolk Sound.

Sp. 2. Heleus contractus, Hope. (Pl. VI. fig. 2.)

Ater, ovatus, postice vix dilatatus, antennis piceis; thorace

marginibus elevatis, linedque medid longitudinali elevata.

Elytra sub lente tribus lineis parum distinctis notata, spar-

simque punctulata. Corpus infra atro-piceum, abdomine

colore piceo inquinato, pedibusque concoloribus.

Long. lin. 94, lat. lin. 33.

In Mus. D. Hope.

The above insect inhabits the vicinity of the Swan River, and,

as by some individuals it may be considered at a future period as

forming a subgenus, I give the following anatomical sections :—

Fig. 2a, mandible; 2b, maxilla; 2c, mentum, labium, and labial palpi;

2d, antenna; 2e, extremity of tibia and base of tarsus of the fore leg.

Sp. 3. Heleus Spinole, Hope. (PI. VI. fig. 3.)

Niger, thorace marginibusque elytrorum atro-brunneis, pedi-

busque piceis. Ovatus, capite depresso, subrugoso; angulis

thoracis haud complicatis, elytris in medio longis, pilis crispis

et atris obsitis. Corpus infra piceum, pedibus concoloribus.

Long. lin. 93, lat. lin. 64.

In Mus, D. Hope.

Habitat cirea Fluvium Cygneum.

The above insect is closely allied to Heleus perforatus of Kirby,

but differs considerably in form,* it appears to be mediate between

H. perforatus and Spenci, differing from both of them. Itis named

in honour of the Marquis of Spinola, a veteran in Entomology,

and lately the author of a splendid Monograph on the Cleride.

Fig. 3a, mandible; 3b, maxilla; 3c, mentum, labium, and labial palpi;

3d, antenna.

Sp. 4. Heleus testudineus, Hope. (Pl. VI. fig. 4.)

Lato-ovalis, cznicolor, squalidus, capite depresso, angulis

* [It is of a much more regularly oval form, with each extremity somewhat

acute; the anterior angles of the prothorax are subtruncate in front of the eyes

and do not overlap each other, leaving an open space of nearly the breadth of the

head. ‘The dise of the prothorax has two impressed spots, and wants the central

posterior tubercle which exists in H, perforatus—J. O. W.]

54 Rev. F. W. Hope’s Descriptions

anticis thoracis haud complicatis. Elytra sutura elevata,

medio disci crebris elevatis lineis satis notato, margine omni

lato elytrorum undulato. Corpus infra concolor.

Long. lin. 8, lat. lin. 63.

In Mus. D. Hope.

The above insect was received by Mr. Gould from Port

Essington.

Fig. 4a, mandible; 46, maxilla; 4c, mentum, labium, and labial palpi;

4d, antenna; 4e, extremity of tibia and base of tarsus of fore leg.

Sp. 5. Heleus Bremei, Hope. (Pl. VI. fig. 5.)

Orbicularis, brunneo-testaceus, antennis flavescentibus. Tho-

rax in medio convexus et atriori colore inquinatus. Elytra

testacea, sublutea, glabra, sub lente confertissime punctulata.

Corpus infra concolor, pedibus rufo-piceis.

Long. lin. 64, lat. lin. 43.

Habitat circa Fluvium Cygneum.

In Mus. D. Hope.

The above insect I have named in honour of the Marquis de

Breme, the author of the Monograph on the family of Cossyphus ;

at first appearance it resembles in form Emcephalus of Kirby ; it

is however allied to Cilibe orbicularis.

Fig. 5a, maxilla ; 56, mentum, labium, and labial palpi.

Sp. 6. Heleus echinatus, MacLeay. (Pl. VII. fig. 1.)

Ater, convexus, thorace angulis anticis complicatis, linedque

longitudinale media ad scutellum interrupta. Elytra echinata

tuberculisque obsita. Corpus infra nigrum, pedibus conco-

loribus.

Long. lin. 62, lat. lin. 4.

The above species was sent to me by Mr. William Sharpe Mac-

Leay, under the name of echinata, which I have retained, as it

differs considerably in form from all other species,* and may form

* [This species is most nearly allied to Heleus ovatus, Guérin, Voy. de la

Coquille, t. 5, f. 7, but differs from that species in its longer and more regular

form, the thorax having a semicircular outline, and not being ‘‘ un peu rétréci en

avant,” and the tubercles of the elytra are replaced in H. ovatus by broad

spines.—J. O. W.]

of several new Species of Heleide. 56

at a future period the type of a new subgenus. Its anatomical

details are given.

Fig. 1a, mandible; 1, maxilla; 1c, mentum, labium, and labial palpi;

i d, antenna.

Sp. 7. Heleus simplex, Hope. (PI. VII. fig. 2.)

Silphzformis, ater, capite subdepresso. Thorax convexus,

marginibus elevatis. Elytra lineis elevatis haud valde con-

spicuis; per totum discum puncta sub lente confertissime

apparent. Corpus infra nigrum, nitidum, femoribus tibiisque

concoloribus tarsisque flavo-spongiosis.

Long. lin. 8, lat. lin. 43.

In Mus. D. Hope.

Received from Captain Roe, of the Swan River.

Fig. 2a, extremity of tibia, and tarsus of fore leg.

Sp. 8. Heleus tarsalis, Hope. (Pl. VII. fig. 3.)

Phosphugzformis, ater, antennis subpilosis et piceis. Thorax

convexus, lateribus externis margine elevato conspicuis. Ely-

tra nigra, lineis elevatis notata, insterstitiis valde punctulatis.

Corpus infra nigrum tarsis pedum flavo-spongiosis.

Long. lin. 6, lat. lin. 33.

In Mus. D. Hope.

The above species is also from the Swan River.

Fig. 3 a, extremity of tibia, and tarsus of fore leg.

9. Heleus marginellus, Hope. (PI. VII. fig. 4.)

Ater, antennis concoloribus ; thorace convexo, crebrissime sub-

tuberculato, marginibusque lateralibus rubro-piceis. Elytra

ternis lineis majoribus rugoso-elevatis conspicua, granulisque

crebris in interstitiis satis apparentibus, margineque externo

elytrorum rubro-piceo. Corpus infra nigrum, pedibus piceis.

Long. lin. 8, lat. lin. 5.

The above three species evidently form a section. The anato-

mical details are given in the plate. It was received from Norfolk

Sound, and is, I believe, unique at present.

Fig. 4a, maxilla; 4, mentum, labium, and labial palpi; 4c, extremity

of tibia, and base of tarsus of fore leg.

56 Rev. F. W. Hope’s Descriptions, &c.

Genus Saracus, Hrichson, Archiv. f. Naturg. 1842, p. 171.

Saragus levicollis, Fabricius (Stpha).

(Pl. VII. fig. 5.)

Fig. 5a, maxilla; 56, mentum, Jabium, and labial palpi ; 5c, antenna ;

5d, extremity of tibia, and base of tarsus of fore leg.

Genus Mirua. MacLeay.

Sp. unica. Mitua Bidwell, MacLeay’s MSS. (PI. VII. fig. 6.)

Opatriformis, fuscus, antennis piceis. Caput depressum. Tho-

rax angulis anticis porrectis subacutis, disco parum excavato

et subpiloso. Elytra vix convexa, subdepressa, sutura elevata

lineisque quatuor tuberculosis in singulo conspicua. Corpus

infra concolor; margine externo elytrorum abdomen ambi-

ente, internoque perforato seu valde varioloso.

Long. lin. 53, lat. lin. 23.

The above insect was sent to me under the name of Mitua

Bidwelli, by Mr. William Sharpe MacLeay, which name I have

retained ; and as it is the type of a distinct genus, the anatomical

details are given.

Fig. 6a, labrum ; 66, mandible; 6c, maxilla; 6d, mentum, labium, and

labial palpi; 6, antenna.

Mr. Smith on Trypoxylon. 57

XVI. Observations on the Sphex figulus of Linneus ; (Try-

poxylon figulus, Latr., Fab., &c.); and other Hymenoptera.

By F. Smirsz, Esq.

{Read 5th July, 1847.]

Trypoxylon figulus, previous to the year 1835, was generally con-

sidered to be a parasitic insect, about which period Mr. Johnson

detected it conveying a species of Aphis into its nest, as recorded

in Mr. Shuckard’s Monograph on the British Fossores, I had

myself certainly considered it to be parasitic, and its habit of

frequenting old posts, dry sand banks, &c., constantly prying

into every hole it meets with, strengthened my opinion. Subse-

quent observation shows how careful naturalists ought to be in

forming conclusions, derived either from partial observation, or

founded upon immaterial structural differences.

In the month of June, 1845, I met with a complete colony of

Trypoxylon, formed in a dry sandbank ; their numbers were truly

astonishing, the insect being usually solitary in its habits. On the

top of the bank was a close hawthorn hedge, an admirable situa-

tion in which to find its prey, generally consisting of spiders. It

was quite amusing to observe the rapidity with which they captured

and conveyed their prey.

Last summer, I observed several females busy about an old

decayed post. One I detected burrowing with great assiduity ;

others were conveying their prey, which in this instance consisted

of Aphides. 1 dug out several of the masses of Aphides, on some

of which a small larva was feeding, and on another I detected an

egg, which was hatched in four days. It grew rapidly, and in

ten days it had consumed the whole of its stock of food, the legs

and wings alone remaining. It then remained in astate of iethargy

from three to four days, when it commenced spinning its cocoon ;

this occupied three or four days more. The cocoons are oblong,

a little rounded at each end, and their length varies from four to

six or seven lines; in texture they exactly resemble the semi-

transparent French tracing-paper. Having spun the cocoon, the

larva remains in a state of lethargy until the following spring,

when at the end of April it casts offa larva skin, becomes a pupa,

and then gradually assumes the perfect state; the head becoming

first visible, then the wings, and afterwards the legs present them-

selves; it is then of a pale amber colour, which gradually becomes

darker and darker, until it changes to jet black. A few warm

58 Mr. Smith on Trypoxylon.

days now rouse the insect from its inactivity, and it by degrees

struggles to free itself from the thin pellicle in which it is enveloped.

The spines at the apex of the tibia are of essential service; with

these it frees its antenne of their covering, by drawing them be-

neath the spines, and by that means readily strips it off; they also

serve to push the thin skin off the body, legs, &e. The first warm

day now serves to call the insect forth into active life.

This insect, it will be observed, by no means confines itself to

one kind of food. The same I have observed of Tachyies pom-

piliformis, which at one times elects a Lepidopterous larva, and at

another a species of grasshopper.

I would also record an observation which I made last autumn

upon Mellinus arvensis, which has been stated to carry dead flies

to the young larva when hatched; this is undoubtedly true to

some extent, as I dug out nests in which the young larva was

feeding, and into which I had observed the parent insect carry a

dead fly.

It is the usual mode with solitary insects to store up as much

food as is necessary, and then to deposit the egg; but Mellinus

deposits an egg on the first fly stored, and then continues to com-

plete the necessary supply, the larva being hatched before she

has completed her task. I have also to record the same habit of

the common sand wasp, Ammophila sabulosa, which deposits an

egg upon the first caterpillar which she stores up, a circumstance

which I have frequently observed. One which came under my

observation last summer, I detected busily engaged in pulling out

the small pebbles, &c., with which she had stopped up the en-

trance to her burrow. I dug out the insect and found a larva

feeding on a caterpillar previously deposited. I believe the dif-

ference of habit to result merely from the time of depositing the

egg, and not in the insect periodically supplying the larva, as in

the case of gregarious Hymenoptera.

Mr. John Edward Gray on Cheirotonus Parrii. 59

XVII. Description of Cheirotonus Parrii, a new Species of

the Family Euchiride. By Joun Epwarp Gray, Esq.,

ELR.S:, &e.

{Read 7th June, 1847.]

Havine recently acquired a pair of a species of the genus Cheiro-

tonus from Northern India, and Captain Parry having kindly

brought his specimen of the male of Ch. Macleaii to the Museum

for comparison, I have been induced to draw up the following

distinctive characters of the two species.

Cuerroronus Macteatt, Hope.

Brassy green, with large yellow spots

on the elytra.

Front of the femur of forelegs angu-

larly produced in the centre.

Tibia of forelegs very long, strongly

curved, and sharply bent inwards at the

end, with a subcentral elongated spine

above, and a similar spine at the end;

oblong, rather compressed, with a few

scattered asperities on the upper sur-

face, and with two minute spines on the

lower outer surface.

Thorax punctated with a triangular

slight impression in the middle of the

front edge.

Scutellum polished.

Cuetroronus Parru, Gray.

Brassy green, the elytra marbled with

yellow.

Front of the femur of forelegs with a

small spine on the middle.

Tibia of the forelegs moderate, very

slightly arched, with two similar spines

above, subtrigonal, with scattered aspe-

rities on the upper surface, and with

three spines on the lower outer edge.

Thorax deeply and coarsely punc-

tured, with a small angular projection

in the middle of the front edge.

Scutellum deeply punctured.

Mr. Westwood, in describing Capt. Parry’s specimen (Cabinet

Oriental Ent. p. 3,) observes, that at the extremity of the tibia

“there is a small thick moveable spine.” I suspect that Mr.

Westwood has mistaken a slight notch in the upper surface for a

joint ; for the terminal spine is exactly similar to the one near the

middie, and as continuous with the rest of the tibia.

60 Mr, F. Walker's Wotes on Aphides.

XVIII. Motes on Aphides. By F. Waker, Esq. In a

Letter addressed to W. Spence, Esq.

[Read 6th September, 13847.]

Grove Cottage, Southgate,

August 16th, 1847.

My pear Sir,

I nave received your obliging letter, and I shall be happy to send

you any information I can respecting Aphides, but my knowledge

of them is as yet very slight. I believe that the dock is one of

the plants from which the black bean Aphis (A. Rumicis), is

hatched from the egg in the spring, and that the second genera-

tion, which is winged, migrates thence to the bean, pea, thistle,

chenopodium, &c. &c. It afterwards settles on a great variety of

other plants, but does not appear to thrive on them ; however, it

sometimes swarms in great profusion on the laburnum, broom,

and furze; it was very abundant last autumn on the furze near

Lancaster, and was accompanied by the male in November, and

the wingless female then deposited her eggs on the spikes of that

plant. Many, especially the migratory species, have wingless and

winged broods alternately, and the migrations of the latter serve

several purposes; they prevent the extinction of a race which

would otherwise follow the withering of its food; they cause the

injury inflicted to be in general but temporary, and they distribute

and thereby equalize it over a district or country. I believe that

the migrations are merely in search of fresh food for themselves

and young ones, and not to deposit eggs, and that, generally

speaking, the migratory swarms are all females, the males not

appearing till late in the autumn. I began to attend to dphides

last year, and I did not observe any males till October and No-

vember, when I saw them in the following species, A. Platanoidis,

Betule, Fagi, Tilia, Rubi, Viburni, Persice, Ribis, Mali, Sorbi,

Dichoda, and afew more. ‘The winged males of the above named

species all paired with wingless Sake previous to the egg- laying

of the latter. Some species are always wingless, or perhaps in

fine warm seasons a winged individual may now and then appear

amongst the swarms; in other species all the broods are winged

till the Jast, wherein the wingless oviparous female pairs with

the winged male; but in the majority of species the wingless

and winged generations are alternate, and the second brood are

always winged. ‘The best treatises on Aphides that I have

Mr. F. Walker’s Notes on Aphides. 61

read, are one by Dr. Richardson (Phil. Trans.), and one by W.

Curtis (Linn. Trans.) As far as I have remarked, the obser-

vations of the writer in the Phil. Trans., which you quote, are

correct in regard to several species. I have never seen a male

pairing with a winged female, but Mr. Hardy, an entomologist of

Newcastle, informed me last year that he had observed such to

be the case with one species, and I have no doubt of his accuracy.

In one species (4. Saliceti), the wingless and winged broods of

females are alternate, but in June wingless oviparous females

appeared differmg much in structure from their viviparous rela-

tions, and accompanied by wingless males, with which they paired.

A. juglandicola, a pretty little yellow or orange species on the

walnut, is also remarkable; the female has continued viviparizing

for the last six weeks, but a short time ago the male suddenly

appeared, and after a few days passed away ; it was accompanied

by avariety of the female, but I did not observe that they paired.

I cannot say that I have seen this year any periodical flight of

Aphides, but I do not believe that it was confined to one day nor

to one species, the bean Aphis. Last year I distinctly remarked

two large flights or migrations of several species; the first in the

middle of May, the second in the middle of September; they

both occurred on still fine warm days, and I think that the flight

of 4phides is too passive and feeble to allow their migrations

from along distance. In most species, where the generations are

alternate, the winged females migrate as soon as their wings are

fully developed and dry, and the chief object of such flights is to

place their wingless young ones in possession of fresh pastures,

and their existence soon ceases when this purpose is accomplished.

Do you think that a comparison of the analysis of different plants

would enable us to discover why Aphides prefer some to others in

their migrations? 4. Rose migrates from the rose to the teazle,

another species from the rose to the blades of corn and grasses,

a third from the rose to the columbine, a fourth from the willow

to umbelliferous plants, &c. Are their correspondencies in the

respective proportions of the constituent parts of these plants ?

I remain, my dear Sir, yours sincerely,

Francis WALKER.

62 Dr. H. Schaum’s Votes on the

XIX. Notes on the Natural History of Aphides, translated

from Ratzeburg’s Forstinsecten, Vol. wit. 1844. By Dr.

H. Scuaum.

[Read 6th September, 1847.]

Srxes.—The sexes of the Aphides cannot be completely described,

the males being so scarce that they were never seen by Reaumur.

Ratzeburg saw those of one species only; Degeer, Kaltenbach,

and Bouché, have observed them oftener.

Generally the very lively males are winged, but there are also

apterous males. In almost all cases they are much smaller than

the females; the apterous ones so much so, that the only time when

Kaltenbach saw them, he took at first the males, which were in

copulation, for young specimens on the back of their mothers.

They measured scarcely one-eighth of the size of the females.

Also the winged males are generally much smaller. A constant

character of this sex is, according to Kaltenbach, the deeply

emarginated semilunar shape of the first anal lobe.

Meramorrnosis.—It is incomplete, but differs in several points

from that of the other Ametabola. It does not always begin with

the eggs, but often with the darva state. Besides we find in the

same species, Pteromatabola and Apterometabola ; this is proved to

be the case in the females, although not quite so well ascertained

in the males. The larve are less perfectly articulated, the joints

of the antennze fewer, the ocelli wanting, &c. It is surprising that

the apterous female parents, consequently imagines, have fewer

joints of the antennze than the winged females and larve. It is

generally stated, that they cast their skin four times.

Hasits.—These soft and tender insects require a mild tempera-

ture, a closed place, and a luxurious vegetation. Consequently

they are more common in the southern countries and in gardens.

They prefer the underside of the leaves, and are more frequent on

wood than on grasses and herbs. No indigenous tree is free from

them; on the birch and willow from eight to ten species are found.

The same species is generally confined to one particular place on

the tree. They are, as both Linné and Schrank knew well,

generally strictly monophagous. The puncture of their beak very

often causes no injury whatever; in other cases, however, diseases

and disfigurations are produced by it, which are always the same

Natural History of Aphides. 63

in the same species, ‘The most striking monstrosities are often

produced only by the minute female parent.

Devetopment.—It is well known that the 4phides are propa-

gated through many generations in a year; that all those gene-

rations are born alive at one period by apterous and at another by

winged females ; that the presence of a male is not required, and

that the males appear only when, at the end of that enormous

multiplication, eggs are deposited by unminged females. Not all

of them, however, have many generations, nor are all both ovi-

parous and viviparous ; most likely some genera are only vivi-

parous, some others only oviparous. Kaltenbach has based on this

difference a division into vivi-oviparous, viviparous, and oviparous.

Of the two latter we know at present very little. The vivi-

oviparous bear during the summer only living young, and _infi-

nitely often; in the autumn at the same time with the appearance

of the males, eggs are deposited, from which the female parents

of the next year are produced. This sometimes happens during

the winter, oftener in the next spring. The action of bearing in the

summer, as well as the deposition of the eggs in the autumn, can

easily and often be observed. ‘They bear often fourteen or fifteen

times a day; after the lapse of from four to ten days, the young

specimens begin to bear. In June we find often grandmothers and

grandchildren together ; the latter are then already often winged.

In the same brood there often occur winged and apterous speci-

mens; the apterous are always sooner fertile. The deposition of the

eggs, which always causes the death of the specimen, takes place

in autumn, and always from apterous females,

Corutation.—The act of it is seldom observed, the males

being so scarce and so small, and observation being seldom made

at the exact time it takes place. Bouché saw that the same male

copulated with from four to six females, one after another.

Hisernation.—The Aphides hibernate generally in the state

of eggs; sometimes the female parents survive the winter; those

of the viviparous species always. Bouché saw whole colonies

hibernate, even males, which had not copulated,

Importance in economy to fields, gardens, and forests—The

Aphides are in this respect very important; they often cause

monstrosities and distortions of leaves, and are often very per-

nicious to the crops. The mildew of the grain crops and upon

peas is said by several authors to be the product of Aphides ; this

is, however, not likely. The number of dphides is sometimes

64 Dr. H. Schaum’s Notes on Aphides.

enormous. Kirby and Spence state that they are in England

amongst the greatest enemies of vegetation. ‘Their augmentation

is favoured by warm weather, sultry air, &c. Means of destruc-

tion are hardly applicable. The advice given is to strew powdery

substances on low herbs, and this proves generally to be effica-

cious; gypsum, powder of lime, salt, &c. The larvee of Cocci-

nellide, Hemerobii, and some Syrphi, are their enemies, and these

are to be spared.

A few additional Observations from an Article by Kaltenbach, in

the Entomol. Zeitung of Stettin, 1844.

1. Several genera have no apterous females besides the female

parent, but only winged females and nymphe.

2. In some years no winged females appear of some species,

which, however, are observed in a more favourable year. For

instance, Kaltenbach could not see any winged females of Lachnus

querciis in 1844; it was only in 1845 that he found one,

XX. Two Decades of new Cetonide. By Dr. H.Scuaum,

Secretary of the Entomological Society of Stettin.

[Read lst November, 1847. ]

Sp. 1. Heterorrhina (Plesiorrhina) Swanzyana, Parry, MS.

Supra nigra; subiridescens, thoracis margine laterali pygi-

dioque rufo-testaceis, vitta elytrorum laterali flava, subtus

rufo-testacea, tibiis tarsisque nigris.

Long. 8% lin.

Habitat in Guinea. Mus. Parrii.

Caput fere ut in Pl. mediana, Westw., formatum, clypeo qua-

drato, parum marginato, antice recto, angulis rotundatis,

fronte obsolete carinata, nigrum, creberrime punctulatum.

Thorax a basi antrorsum angustatus, disco fere levis, lateri-

bus punctulatus, niger, subiridescens, margine laterali ultra

medium rufo-testaceo. Scutellum nigrum, nitidum, linea

longitudinali obsoleta. Coleoptera oblonga, latitudine du-

plo longiora, postice parum angustata, sparsim subtilissime

punctata, sutura postice subelevata, nigra, subiridescentia,

vitta laterali neque humeros neque angulos posteriores at-

Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetoniide. 65

tingente flava. Pygidium rufo-testaceum. Corpus subtus

totum cum femoribus rufo-testaceum, tibiis tarsisque nigris,

tibiis posticis nigro-ciliatis. Processus sternalis angustus,

apice recurvus ¢.

Of this species I have only seen one male in the collection of

Captain Parry, to whom it was sent by his friend Swanzy, Go-

vernor of Fort Dixcove, on the Goldcoast of Guinea. The shape

of the head and the colour of the body being the same as in

Plesiorrhina mediana, I believe that the female has simple ante-

rior tarsi, and that the species consequently belongs to the divi-

sion Plesiorrhina. By its elongated shape it resembles Pl. re-

curva, Fab. ;

Sp. 2. Heterorrhina bicostata, Melly, MS.

Smaragdina, punctata, capite quadrato, inermi, thorace parvo,

elytris elongatis, bicostatis, sterni mucrone brevi, recto.

Long. 10 lin.

Habitat in Guinea. Mus. Mellii.

Caput inerme, elypeo quadrato, antice truncato viride, nitidum,

punctatum. Antenne nigre, clava majore. Thorax parvus,

a basi antrorsum angustatus, lateribus obliquis, viridis, nitidus,

undique punctulatus. Scutellum magnum, latitudine longius,

punctis paucis minimis impressum. Elytra valde elongata,

thorace plus duplo longiora, postice vix angustata, smarag-

dina, sutura apice subacuminata costisque duabus elevatis

fere levibus, interstitiis et lateribus profundius et crebrius

punctatis. Subtus smaragdina, processus sternalis parte me-

sosternali brevi subdependente, fere recto. Tibize antice in

specimine viso inermes, posteriores interne longitudinaliter

sulcate, posticee elongate, extus obtuse dentatz, tarsi pos-

tici tibiis multo breviores ¢.

Having seen one male specimen only, I cannot decide if this

species belong to the sectio Coryphocera, Burm., or Plesiorrhina,

Burm. The square head is, however, more like that of Cory-

phocera viridienea, than that of Plesiorrhina recurva. In its

general appearance it much resembles the genus 7Z'mesorrhina,

from which it may however be at once distinguished by its narrow

sternum. The small thorax, the short posterior tarsi, the sulcated

middle and hind tibia, and the shortness of the mesosternal part

of the sternal process, are characters peculiar to this species.

VOL. V. H

66 Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetoniide.

Sp. 8. Gymnetis pecila. (Pl. VIII. fig. 2.)

Atra, supra holosericea, subtus nitida, elytrorum guttis qui-

busdam et limbo posteriore, intus bilobato, nigro-punctato

flavis.

Long. 10—12 lin.

Habitat in Mexico. Mus. Berolin., Thoreyi, nostr.

G. Sallet quodammodo similis, sed capite thoraceque atris

elytrorum signaturis, sterno minore, etc. abunde differt.

Caput holosericeum, clypeo quadrato, apice marginato.

Thorax et scapule atra, holosericea, immaculata. Coleop-

tera thorace latiora, postice parum angustata, supra plana,

sutura subelevata; atra, holosericea, parte anteriore guttis

maculisque quibusdam lateralibus et basalibus flavis, parte

posteriore late flavo-limbata, limbo intus bilobato, lobo ante-

riore in fasciam mediam irregularem extenso, limbo ipso

nigro-punctato. Pygidium atrum. Corpus subtus atrum,

medio nitidum, femoribus anticis tibiisque posterioribus nigro-

pilosis. Processus sternalis, ut in similibus, dependens ¢.

This species belongs to the same division as G. marmorea,

Sallei, &e.

Sp. 4. Gymnetis Wollaston. (Plate VIII. fig. 3.)

Supra chromatica, irregulariter nigro-maculata, subtus glauca.

Long. 14 lin.

Habitat in Mexico. Mus. nostr.

Caput chromaticum, verticis puncto nigro, clypeo quadrato,

marginato. Thorax luteus, maculis numerosis nigris, decem

exterioribus in circulo dispositis et interiores radiatas inclu-

dentibus. Scapule luteze. Coleoptera thorace latiora, sub-

quadrata, postice subangustata, sutura apice subacuminata ;

lutea, irregulariter crebre nigro-maculata. Pygidium glau-

cum, transversim subtiliter strigosum, glabrum. Corpus

subtus cum pedibus glaucum, femoribus anticis tibiis pos-

terioribus fulvo-fimbriatis. Processus sternalis magnus, de-

pendens, supra angulatus. ‘Tibiz antice tridentate.

This beautiful species (which I have dedicated to my friend

V. Wollaston) belongs to the tenth division established in the

genus Gymnetis, by Professor Burmeister.

Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetoniide. 67

Sp. 5. Gymnetis Dysoni, White, MS.

Supra rubra, nigro-maculata, subtus atra nitida, tibiis posterio-

ribus nigro-villosis.

Long. 10 lin.

Habitat Venezuele. D.Dyzon. Mus. Britan. et nostr.

Caput cinnabarinum, vertice puncto nigro, clypei margine late

nigro, apice subsinuato, Antenne nigre. Thorax cinna-

barinus, maculis numerosis nigris, magnitudine et numero

variantibus, seriebus quinque longitudinalibus dispositis, prae-

ter has macula singula utrinque prope angulum posteriorem.

Coleoptera plana, cinnabarina, crebre nigro-maculata, macu-

lis juxta suturam in serie dispositis. Pygidium atrum, stri-

gosum. Corpus subtus nigrum, nitidum, pectore fortiter

punctato, coxis posticis abdominisque segmentis lateribus

punctis minutis rubris. Processus sternalis valde dependens,

supra carinatus.

By its shape and markings this is allied to G. meleagris, Burm.,

but the colour is the same as in G. hieroglyphica. The hairs of

the tibiz are black, &c.

Mr. White has alluded to this species in Taylor’s Annals of

Natural History, vol. xx. p. 266.

Sp. 6. Gymnetis fada.

Cinereo-fusca, punctis nigris impressa, scutelli apice fulvo hir-

suto, elytris maculis tribus nigris, subtus nigro-villosa.

Long. 9—10 lin,

Habitat Venezuela. D. Dyson. Mus. Britan., Parrii, et nostr.

Caput cinereo-fuscum, punctis nigris impressis, clypeo qua-

drato, apice alte marginato, margine reflexo, parum sinuato.

Antenne nigre. Thorax cinereo-fuscus, medio magis ob-

scurus, signatura obsoleta nigra fere literam M efformante ;

disco sparsim punctatus, punctis lateribus multo crebrioribus

et aciculatis, setas nigras gerentibus. Scutellum minimum,

dense fulvo-hirsutum. Scapule grisea, punctis nigris im-

pressis. Elytra postice parum angustata, obsolete costata,

costa a medio basi ad callum apicalem decurrente, sutura

apice, in mare magis, acuminata, cinereo-fusca, punctis nigris

juxta suturam et in dimidio exteriore congestis, maculis

tribus nigris, prima in callo humerali, secunda fere media,

tertia in callo apicali, fere literam U efformante, lobo liter

68 Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetontide.

interiore longiore et coste supra descripte: partem posterio-

rem occupante. Pygidium dense nigro-strigosum et nigro-

setosum. Corpus subtus obscure griseum, dense nigro-stri-

gosum et nigro-setosum, pectore abdomineque mediis levi-

oribus, glabris. Processus sternalis ut in G. liturata for-

matus. Pedes grisei, tarsis nigris, nitidis, femoribus tibiisque

nigro-villosis, tibiis anticis in utroque sexu tridentatis, den-

.tibus superioribus in mare magis obtusis.

This species is allied in colour and markings to G. liturata, but

it is three times larger.

Sp. 7. Stethodesma hematopus, Parry, MS.

Atra, nitida, punctata, femoribus tibiisque sanguineis, sterno

lato, parallelo, apice subacuminato.

Long. 14 lin.

Habitat in Colombia. Mus. Parril.

Species eximia, femoribus tibiisque sanguineis a S. lobata dis-

tincta. Caput atrum, nitidum, punctatum, bifidum, laciniis

acutis. Thorax ater, nitidus, undique sparsim punctatus,

lobo posteriori fere levi. Scutellum minimum, acutum.

Coleoptera basi thoraceque latiora, elongata, postice suban-

gustata, atra, nitida, plana, undique punctis majoribus seri-

atim digestis obtecta. Pygidium transversim strigosum.

Corpus subtus atrum, rugoso-punctatum, medio lave, sterno

lato, plano, lateribus parallelis, parte metasternali coxas me-

dias multo superante, apice subacuminato. Femora tibiaeque

sanguinea, tarsi nigri. ‘Tibise antice in individuo feminino

tridentate.

Sp. 8. Macronota quadrivittata, Parry, MS.

Nigra, supra opaca, thoracis postice impressi vittis quatuor

flavis, elytris rubris margine nigro, flavo-maculato, pedibus

rubris.

Long. 7 lin.

Habitat in insula Ceylon. Mus. Parrii et Westw.

M. quadrilineate simillima, thorace postice excavato, scutello

majore, elytris postice angustioribus, aliter signatis distincta.

Caput fortiter punctatum, nigrum, subnitidum, vittis duabus

flavis, clypei apice subsinuato. Thorax lateribus a_ basi

usque ante medium rectis, antice subito angustatis, lobo pos-

teriore brevi, supra postice excavatus, niger, velutinus, vittis

Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetoniide. 69

quatuor flavis rectis. Scutellum magnum impressum, basi

apiceque flavo-maculatum. Elytra postice valde angustata,

abdomen non omnino obtegentia; juxta suturam excavata,

pone humeros impressa, rubra velutina, margine interno et

externo nigris, interno juxta suturam longitudinaliter strio-

lato, externo punctato, maculis duabus lateralibus et lituris

suturalibus flavis, litura posteriori versus angulum exteriorem

hamata. Pygidium nigrum, macula magna media flava.

Corpus subtus ut in M. quadrilineata maculis et fasciis flavis.

Pedes rufi, femoribus basi nigris. ¢.

Sp. 9. Glycyphana(Gametis) Kupert, White, MS. (Tab. VIII. fig. 6.)

Viridis, thoracis margine punctisque duobus disci albidis, ely-

tris plaga magna mediana flava maculisque septem albidis.

Long. 5 lin.

Habitat in China. Mus, Britan. et nostr.

G. Bealie similis. Caput nigrum, dense punctulatum, vertice

summo viridi, flavo-villoso, clypeo antice bifido, lobis subre-

flexis. Antenne nigrz, clava extus brunnescente. Thorax

disco punctulatus, lateribus longitudinaliter strigosus, viridis,

opacus, limbo laterali tenui punctisque duobus disci albidis.

Scutellum viride, opacum, lave. Scapule virides, puncto

albido. Elytra postice subangustata, supra depressa seriato-

punctata, seriebus a basi incipientibus, interstitiis alternis

subconvexis, viridia, plaga magna mediana flavo-brunnea et

maculis septem albidis, prima anteriore punctiformi, tribus

lateralibus majoribus, duabus juxta suturam parvis, septima

apicali majori. Interdum puncta nonnulla alia inter maculas

laterales et juxta apicalem observantur. Pygidium viridi-

nigrum, maculis quatuor albidis. Corpus subtus cum pedibus

viridi-nigrum, flavo-villosum, abdomine medio glabro, sterno

brevi, apice lato, rotundato,

Sp. 10. Glycyphana (Gametis) plagiata, Horsfield, MS.

Atra, velutina, thoracis margine laterali punctisque duobus

disci albis, elytris plaga mediana flavo-brunnea, punctisque

quatuor albis, pygidio bimaculato.

Long. 5 lin.

Habitat in Java. Mus. Horsfieldii, Brit. et nostr.

G. Bealie iterum similis, Caput atrum subnitidum, creberrime

VOL. V. I

70 Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetoniide.

punctatum, fere rugosum, clypeo elongato, apice medio ex-

ciso, lobis subreflexis. Antenne nigre. ‘Thorax ater, velu-

tinus, margine laterali tenui punctisque duobus disci albis,

supra scutellum sinuatus, angulis anticis acutis. Scutellum

atrum Jeve. Elytra postice parum angustata, apice rotun-

data, supra depressa, sutura postice subelevata supra fere

plana, atra plaga magna mediana marginem exteriorem sed

non suturam attingente flavo-brunnea, punctis quatuor pos-

ticis albis, duobus juxta suturam duobus juxta marginem

positis. Pygidium maculis duabus magnis irregularibus

albis. Subtus atra, nitida, femoribus fulvo-villosis, abdomine

utrinque punctis duobus albis. Sternum breve, planum,

apice late rotundatum.

Sp. 11. Glycyphana (Gametis) Behrii.

Subconvexa, atra, supra brunnea, thoracis vittis duabus infus-

catis, lateribus punctisque duobus disci albidis, elytrorum

vitta suturali margineque externo infuscato maculisque quin-

que albis.

Variat tota atra, thoracis lateribus punctisque duobus, elytro-

rum maculis quinque albis.

Long. 5 lin.

Habitat in Archipelago Indico. Mus. nostr.

Caput atrum, subnitidum, creberrime punctatum, fere rugo-

sum, clypeo elongato, antice exciso, laciniis subreflexis. An-

tenne atre. Thorax seu brunneus, vittis duabus latis infus-

catis, seu niger, velutinus, margine laterali tenui punctisque

duobus disci albidis. Scutellum seu brunneum, lateribus in-

fuscatum, seu nigrum, puncto apicali albido. Scapulz nigre,

puncto albido. Elytra postice parum angustata, apice rotun-

data, supra subconvexa, brunnea, margine externo vittaque

suturali infuscatis, in aliis omnino nigra, maculis quinque

albidis, tribus marginalibus duabus postice juxta suturam

positis. Pygidium atrum, maculis quatuor albidis. Subtus

atra, nitida, flavo-villosa medio glabra, pectore utrinque ma-

culis duabus parvis albis. Sternum breve, apice rotundatum.

Six specimens, of which two belong to the black variety, have

been taken by my friend Dr. Behr, in a little isle in the Road of

Bali, eastwards from Java.

Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetoniide. 71

Sp. 12. Oxythyrea septicollis.

Atra, supra velutina, thoracis circulo marginali, pygidio, abdo-

mine tibiisque posticis luteis, elytris luteo-viridibus,

Long. 4 lin.

Habitat in Guinea, (Ashantee). Mus. Turneri et Mellii.

Caput nigrum, subnitidum, punctulatum, medio obsolete cari-

natum. Antenne nigre. Thorax margine postico supra

scutellum rotundato, basi multo latior quam apice, lateribus

rotundatis, ater, velutinus, margine laterali et postico luteo.

Scutellum parvum, luteo-viride. Coleoptera luteo-viridia, ad

latera et postice magis lutea, immaculata, ad basin subtiliter

seriato-punctulata, postice subtiliter striolata. Abdomen

totum cum pygidio luteo-rufum. Pedes nigri, tibiis posticis

rufis.

Sp. 13. Oxythyrea Helene. (Tab. VIII. fig. 7.)

Atra, nitida, antennis, thorace, pygidioque rufis, elytrorum vitta

laterali alba.

Long. 33 lin.

Habitat in Abyssinia. Mus. Britan. et nostr.

O. thoracice simillima, Caput atrum, crebre punctatum, clypeo

elongato, antice parumemarginato. Antenne rufe. Thorax

longitudine latior, supra scutellum vix sinuatus, punctulatus,

rufus, nitidus. Scutellum atrum, punctis paucis impressum.

Coleoptera basi thorace latiora, apicem versus valde angus-

tata, sutura postice elevata, apice producta, seriebus sex

punctorum semicircularium, seriebus per paria approximatis,

impressis tribus internis postice in strias geminatas excur-

rentibus, atra, nitida, vitta laterali neque humeros neque

angulum suturalem attingente candida. Corpus subtus atrum,

abdominis segmentis duobus ultimis pygidioque rufis.

Sp. 14. Tephrea morosa, Melly, MS,

Atra, crebre punctata, subtus nitida.

Long. 6 lin.

Habitat in Africa Australi Orientali. Mus. Mellii et Berol.

T. pulverulente simillima, supra tota atra, crebrius fortius

punctata. Clypeus creberrime punctatus, subnitidus, omnino

ut in pulverulenta formatus. Thorax lateribus et angulis

rotundatis, supra scutellum distincte sinuatus satis convexus,

Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetoniide.

undique crebre punctatus. Scutellum punctis nonnullis im-

pressis. Scapulz fortiter punctate. Elytra subnitida, ar-

cubus semicircularibus seriatim dispositis impressis, postice

juxta suturam confluentibus, interstitiis punctis quibusdam

sparsis, apice et versus latera rugosa. Subtus atra, nitida,

pectoris lateribus strigosis, abdomine sparsim punctato.

Mr. Melly had formerly named this species 7’. atra ; but seeing

that this name was already several times employed amongst the

Cetonie, he has altered it to that of 7’. morosa.

Sp. 15. Cetonia (Protetia) Whitehousii, Parry, MS. (Tab. VIII.

fig. 3.)

Supra purpurea velutina, thoracis lateribus antice, scapulis,

elytrorumque maculis tribus marginalibus fulvis, subtus atra,

nitida, fulvo-maculata, pygidio purpureo fulvo-bimaculato,

sterno antice parum rotundato.

Long. 10 lin.

Habitat in Insula Ceylon. Mus, Parrii.

Species pulchra, C. regali et ferruginee statura similis. Caput

cupreum, punctatum, clypeo antice parum emarginato, vertice

velutino. ‘Thorax supra purpureus, velutinus, levis, laterum

dimidio anteriore fulvo, subtus maculis magnis, lateralibus

piliferis fulvis. Scapulee macula magna fulva. Scutellum

elongatum, purpureum, leve. Elytra postice parum angus-

tata, suturee apice brevi; plana, purpurea, velutina, maculis

tribus marginalibus fulvis, prima ante, secunda paulo majore

pone medium, tertia apice juxta suturam posita. Pygidium

purpureum, maculis duabus fulvis. Subtus atra, nitida, pec-

toris maculis magnis flavis. Abdominis segmenta punctis

lateralibus, tertium et quartum utrinque maculis magnis

fulvis. Pedes nigri, femoribus tibiisque fulvo-pilosis. Ster-

num paulo magis quam in C. ferrugineo porrectum, apice

parum rotundatum.

Sp. 16. Cetonia (Pachnoda) crassa.

Atra, supra velutina, capitis macula triangulari, thoracisque

margine antico et laterali flavis, pygidii puncto apicali rufo,

sternl apice testaceo.

Long. 9 lin.

Habitat in Abyssinia. Mus. nostr.

Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetoniide. 73

Caput atrum, punctatissimum, macula triangulari ut in P. ornata

flava. Thorax ater, velutinus, margine antico tenui, laterali

lato flavis, hoc punctum nigrum includente; praterea in

specimine meo linea tenuissima longitudinalis flava, que

basin non attingit, observatur, que verisimiliter in aliis

omnino deest. Scutellum atrum, leve. Coleoptera postice

subangustata atra, velutina, punctis quibusdam apicalibus

inconstantibus rufis. Pygidium atrum, nitidum, puncto api-

eali rufo. Subtus atra, nitida, abdomine utrinque punctis

quinque marginalibus albis, segmento ultimo apice trans-

versim testaceo-maculatum. Sternum breve, latum apice

testaceum. Coxz postice testaceo-maculate. Femora an-

teriora subtus testacea, dense flavo-villosa, genua omnia

alba.

Of this species I have seen one specimen only. I think the

extent of the markings may vary in others. It is in its shape

allied to Cetonia olivacea, but it is much stouter. C. limbata,

Fabr., of which I have seen the original specimen in Mr. Wester-

mann’s collection in Copenhagen, is, if I well recollect, more

elongated, has no yellow triangular spot on the head, and no black

spot on the yellow margin of the thorax, &c.

Sp. 17. Schizorrhina (Diaphonia) palmata. (Tab. VIII. fig. 4.)

Nigra, fortiter punctata, elytrorum parte majore pygidioque

testaceis, tibiis posticis incurvis, tarsis maris omnibus com-

pressis, anticis palmatis.

Long. 14 lin.

Habitat Adelaide, in Nova Hollandia. Mus. 'Thoreyi.

Caput nigrum, crebre punctatum, griseo-pilosum, clypeo elon-

gato, lateribus parallelis, angulis anticis rotundatis apice paulo

emarginato, Antennarum clava in mare clypei longitudine,

brunnea. ‘Thorax niger, breviter pilosus, crebre punctatus,

linea media levi. Scutellum atrum subviolaceo-micans, la-

teribus punctis aliquot impressis. Elytra capite thoraceque

dimidio longiora parce fortiter punctata, obsolete bicostata,

lateribus transversim rugosa, parte basali atra subviolaceo-

micanti, parte posteriore testacea irregulariter atro-maculata.

Pygidium testaceum, nitidum, Corpus subtus atrum, griseo-

villosum. Sternum porrectum latum, apice subangulatum.

Tibiz compress, anticae maris oblique truncate, postice

74 Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetoniide.

incurve. Tarsi lati antici palmati, posteriores compressi,

unguibus minutis ¢.

The structure of the tarsi of the male might justify the esta-

blishment of a peculiar subgenus for this extraordinary insect.

As it agrees however in its principal characters with Diaphonia,

I have not thought it convenient to separate it. The hinder tibize

of the male are curved, and the clava of the antenne as large as

the clypeus, like in the D. euecnemis, Burm., while the shape

of the sternum and of the pygidium is more like in D. dorsalis,

Donov.

Sp. 18. Schizorrhina (Diaphonia) rugosa. (Tab. XI. fig. 6.)

Crassa, supra nigra, fortiter punctata, clypeo toto, thoracisque

lateribus late testaceis, elytris brevibus, bicostatis, lateribus

densissime rugulosis, subtus testacea, pilosa, tarsis nigris.

Long. 7 lin.

Habitat in Nova Hollandia. Mus. Britan., Parrii et nostr.

Corpore brevi crasso contracto, abdomine juxta elytra libero,

a reliquis hujus generis speciebus valde distincta. Caput

nigrum, nitidum, fortiter punctatum, clypeo brevi rotundato,

marginato antice subsinuato, hoc et macula annexa frontali

triangulari testaceis. Antenne nigra, clava clypeo longi-

tudine. ‘Thorax brevis, a basi ad apicem angustatus, lateri-

bus parum rotundatis, fortiter crebre punctatus, linea media

longitudinali leviori, niger, subnitidus, lateribus late testaceis.

Scutellum basi punctis paucis impressis. Elytra thorace vix

dimidio longiora, postice angustata et rotundata, abdomen

non omnino obtegentia, supra disco costis duabus elevatis,

exteriore magis obsoleta juxta suturam fortiter crebre punc-

tata, extrorsum a costa interiore densissime rugulosa, fere

scabra; costa tertia obsoleta juxta marginem exteriorem ob-

servatur. Pygidium valde inflexum, testaceum. Corpus

subtus testaceum, pilosum, abdominis segmentorum margi-

nibus nigris. Pedes breves testacei, villosi, femoribus anticis

supra, tibiis extus tarsisque totis nigris, his glabris. Tibiz

anticee fortiter bidentate ¢.

This species forms a peculiar division of the subgenus Dia-

phonia. ‘The five specimens, which I have seen of it, were all

males.

Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetoniide. 75

Sp. 19. Ischnostoma nasula, Boheman, MS. (Tab. VIII. fig. 5.)

Atra, pilosa, elytris obscure testaceis.

Long. 6 lin.

Habitat ad portum Natal, Dr. Wahlberg. Mus. nostr.

Caput nigrum, profunde et remote rugoso-punctatum, pone

antennarum insertionem utrinque attenuatum; clypeo pro-

ducto; lateribus marginato, medio longitudinaliter obtuse

elevato, parte basali subquadrata basi sensim angustata, apice

profunde emarginata angulis anticis acutis sublunatis, parte

apicali e media parte basali producta, fere ancoriformi, seu

apice utrinque dilatata, acuta, antice distincte emarginata.

Antennarum clava maxima clypei longitudine. Thorax semi-

eircularis, ater, fulvo-pilosus, undique crebre punctulatus.

Scutellum punctulatum, fulvo-pilosum. Elytra obscure tes-

tacea, sutura margimeque exteriore nigris, parce breviter

nigro-setosa, costis duabus obsoletis, undique punctulata.

Pygidium atrum inflexum, glabrum. Corpus subtus cum

pedibus atrum. ‘Tibi antice tridentata, dentibus duobus

inferioribus magnis distantibus, superiore obsoleta ¢.

I know only the male of this interesting species, which has been

given to me by Professor Boheman.

Sp. 20. Platygenia exarata, Melly, MS.

Picea, clypei apice emarginato, angulis reflexis acutis, elytris

obsolete tricostatis, interstitiis latis, opacis, rugulosis, tarsis

elongatis.

Habitat in Africa Occidentali. Mus. Mellii.

Caput nigro-piceum, undique crebre punctulatum, longitudine

non latius, apice emarginatum, elypei angulis anticis reflexis

acutis. Thorax longitudine dimidio latior, lateribus medio

dilatatus, angulis posticis rectis, acutis, niger, piceus, undique

creberrime punctulatus. Scutellum basi punctis nonnullis

impressis. Coleoptera thoracis medio latiora, thorace duplo

longiora humeris et apice rotundata, supra subdepressa,

sutura costisque in singulo tribus obsoletis, nitidis, inter-

stitiis latis, rugulosis, opacis. Pygidium ante medium obso-

lete elevatum, ante apicem transversim impressum, apice sub-

acuminato, subtus triangulariter impressum, Subtus piceum,

76 Dr. H. Schaum on new Species of Cetoniide.

abdomine undique creberrime punctatum, pectore medio fovea

Jongitudinali creberrime punctata. Abdominis segmentum

ultimum apice truncatum. Pedes elongati, tibize posteriores

parce setose ; tarsi tibiis non breviores, articulis elongatis, un-

guiculis acutis simplicibus ¢.

This very remarkable insect is unique in Mr. Melly’s collec-

tion. The specimen was found under the fifth degree of northern

latitude in Western Africa. The species recedes from the type

of the genus in some important characters. The head is scarcely

broader than long; the clypeus is bidentated; the thorax much

narrower; the legs much more elongated, chiefly the tarsi, the

joints of which are more slender, the claws longer and sharper.

The shape of the pygidium, and the posterior tibize having only a

few hairs, prove that the specimen is a male, though it has on the

middle of the pectus an impression, which is, however, not so deep

as in the male of P. barbata.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.

Plate VIII. fig. 2. Gymnetis pecila, Schaum.

3. Gymnetis Wollastonii, Schaum.

4. Schizorrhina palmata, Schaum.

5. Head of Ischnostoma nasuta, Schaum.

6. Glycyphana Kuperi, White.

7. Oxythyrea Helene, Schaum.

Mr, W. F. Evans’s Monograph of Chrysopa. Va

XXI. Monograph of the British Species of the Genus

Chrysopa. By W. F. Evans, Esq.

[Read 6th September, 1847. ]

Tue following table has been drawn up after a careful examination

of those possessed by J. F. Stephens, Esq., the greater portion of

which he kindly lent me to draw the accompanying figures from,

which I have thought would aid in the discrimination of the

several species.

But little attention has been paid to the early states of these

insects. ‘The larvee of C. perla and C. reticulata, it would appear,

cover themselves with the skins of their prey, the Aphides, on

which they all feed most voraciously. (See Stephens’ Mand,

vol. vi.; Westwood’s Mod. Class. Ins. vol. i1., and Kirby and

Spence’s Introd.; and Reaumur, vol. iii.) Five different cocoons

and larve can readily be distinguished on reference to the plates.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Pl. IX. fig. 1. Chrysopa alba. Pl. IX. fig. 5. Chrysopa subfulcata.

Dy i affinis. 6. 5 carnea.

3. FP angustipennis. to = abbreviata.

4. fp perla.

Larva of C. perla, from Albin, pl. 64 (under fig. 2).

ditto from a living specimen.

Cocoon of C. alba? from Reaumur, vol. iii. pl. 33, fig. 2 (under fig. 2).

Cocoon of Drepanepteryx Phalenoides, see Reaumur, vol. ii. pl. 32, fig. 8,

and his description.

Pl. X. fig. 1. Chrysopa fulviceps. Pl. X. fig. 4. Chrysopa maculata.

2s 35 capitata. 3. +3 immaculata.

3. — reticulata. 6. 3 ventralis.

Portion of maxillary palpi, from Wesmael, Hémérobides de Belgique.

Tarsi—claws—antenne—a portion of a wing.

Eggs, from Reaumur.

Larva of C. alba, from a living specimen (in the centre), see Reaumur's figures,

&c. with which this agrees.

Cocoon of C. perla, from Albin, pl. 64 (in the centre), see Lister on Godart,

fig. No. 104, and Ratzeburg Die Forst Insecten, tab. 16, with which this agrees.

Larva of Drepanepteryx, from Reaumur, (upper figure under No. 6).

Larva of an unknown species, from Reaumur, (under the above).

Two cocoons, from Reaumur.

Larva (7 of C. reticulata or alba), from Reaumur, covered.

SyNnonyMEs,

C.perla, Pl. IX, fig. 4.|pectinicornis, B

C.affinis, PI.1X.fig.2.

Co Stal liga JAG ID ep agoneo saooS

fig. 5.

C.alba, Pl. 1X. fig. 1.}vittata, Wesm..

albus, Oliv.

ae aliZe

flavus, Scop.

‘ oes.

ye eschart.

Grraneustipennis, P).)\......05 3% 5's

IX. fig. 3.

(7 var. of alba.)

C. abbreviata, P]. 1X.|........ AD

fig. 7.

Crummaculatas bly Nelle ac «0c es

fig. 5.

(7 var. of abbreviata.)

C. reticulata, Pl. X.|chrysops, Oliv..

fig. 3. . Petag.

ss Latre

B Illig.

. Schra.

A Fab.

viridis, Retz.

C.capitata, Fab. P1.X.|capitatus, Fab..

fig. 2.

C.maculata,Stephens,|.........+..-

Pl. X, fig. 4.

C. ventralis, Curtis,

Pl. X. fig. 6. cancellata, Wes

C. fulviceps, Stephens,

Pl. X. fig. 1.

C. carnea, PI. 1X. fig.6.

ee ee soe oeccees

punctifrons, Steph. |Curt. Brit. Ent.

fulvocephala, Sam, |Steph. Mand. 6, pl. 30, 2...

Mr. W. F. Evans’s Monograph of Chrysopa.

BrpiioGraPHicaL BESeN

Rererences To Ficures. |°* WiNes| Wines,

* |rn Lines.

esk.|Don. 8, pl. 277, fig. 2 ; Bar-|14 to 23 .|Green ......

but, Gen. 220, pl. 22;

Shaw, G. 3, b. 258, pl. 83 ;

Reaum. 3, pl. 32; Westw.

Mod. Class. 2, 46; Albin.

pl.64; Lister on God. p.93,

No. 104; Ent. Mag. 4,

176; Ratz. die Forst Ins.

pl. 14,8; Petag. Ins. Cal.

336, 1, p. x. 17; Roesel,

3, 128, 30, fol. 21,5; God.

2,40, pl.7,fig.14; Westw.

Ent. Text Book, pl. 3.

A aellacinonabacc noooDouroC -.-./12 to 14 .|Pale green ..

aifo ||(siszo¥el ollepsialefelielotaaielsveiagelatieteters 14 to 16 .|Pale green ..

...|Panz. F. 87, f. 14; Ratz. pl./10 to 12 .| Delicate white,

14,f.6? Reaum. 3, tab. 33, with yellow-

foe ish green iri-

descence.

gon|lono0 00 site viv sieieleisisie wee el 2 to) lois|(Delicateswiites

with yellow-

ish green.

.--|Curt. Brit. Ent. pl. 520 ....|9 tol0..|Green ......

spalbomroobodatobaposod ebook 9 to 12 ..|Pale green, iri-

descent.

-|Wood, 2, 29, pl.49; Panz. F.}10 to 14 .|Bluish green .

87,f.13; De Geer, 2, 708,

pl. 22, 1,2; Schaeff. Icon.

pl. 5, 7,85; Ins. Transf. p.

45; Samouelle’s Ent. Cab.

No. 2, f. 1.

...|Cuv. An. Kingd....-..+.- 10 to16 .|Hyaline, very

iridescent.

Aon|loo goddde ste leleleleiietetc tains ---(10 to 11 .|Pale green, ru-

fescent ner-

vures.

SoudddcoGs 14 to 16 .|Pale yellowish.

16to19 .|Rufescent...

11 to 12 .|Rufescent,rosy,

iridescent.

ecuolecrececereeroeneeer ee ee eens

Mr. W. F. Evans’s Monograph of Chrysopa.

Greenish ..|Greenish ....

[Pale..... Pale

Ee aleysrtereve sil ale’s i ss

Pallet erie aleis os ses

ANTENNE,

Pale green,/Ochreous....

tarsi red-

dish.

Pale green,|Reddish.....

tarsi red-

dish.

‘Green, tarsi)Reddish.....

reddish.

‘Pale esos esl black

Pale’. ss os Reddish...

Pale ss vcs Pale’. «

Pal@leretese:s Palen.

Balers ales...

.»+»|Blue..|Head rosy, wings short and|June

Eyes. |Particutar Cuaracrers.| WHEN FOUND.

WHERE FOUND.

_———}q—j]| | qj | | qe

Golden|Stigma darker .......... May, June ..|London, Kent, &c.

BrasSsy.|.0..esss0- eieretorseiteene i) i UULC ster steleteiet= London, Kent, &c.

Brassy.|Base of segments of body|June......../London, &c.

brownish.

(Goldenierte cre snietavereetes oo-+eeeee(JUNe.+..--~-| London, Kent, Lan-

green. cashire, &e.

Golden|Two brown lines on thorax./June........{|London.

Blue..|Wings short and rounded,|June,July,Au-|Dover, Devon,

black dot on basal joints} gust. Wales, Berk-

of antenne and on the shire, &c.

head, and two streaks on

the thorax.

Green. | Wings short and rounded. |June.......-|London.

Golden|Nervures of wings black,|June........ London, Darenth,

black line on the head &e.

and marks on the thorax.

(GEN |logpoccondee soc sd0sn066e June...... --|Hertford, Ripley,

&e.

Dark..|Wings rounded and short,/June....---- Darenth.

head with spots on it be-

fore and behind the eyes,

and marks on thorax.

Black dot between the an-|June....

tennz, and two on thorax.

Pale

green.

Darenth, &c.

Black. |Head bright fulvous, stigma|June, July...|Darenth, New Fo-

elongated.

rounded, stigma rosy.

rest.

London, &e.

80 Mr. F. J. S. Parry’s Description and Notes

XXII. Description and Notes upon some new and rare

Coleoptera. By F.J.S. Parry, F.L.S., with a Plate.

[Read 3rd January, 1848.]

Havine lately received a small collection of Coleoptera from the

island of Ceylon, (for the which I am indebted to my friend C.

Whitehouse, Esq., a resident in that beautiful island, ) containing

several species new to our collections, 1 have been tempted to

select for description and illustration several novelties, especially

belonging to the family of Cetonitde, to which are added other

rare species previously described but not illustrated, and as such

they will, I trust, prove interesting to those members of the Society

more especially devoted to the study of foreign Coleoptera.

Sp. 1. Cicindela (Calochroa) Assamensis, Parry. (Plate XI. fig. 1.)

The above insect I described, from my own collection, in vol. iv.

p- 84 of the Society’s Transactions; it has somewhat the appear-

ance of the following new species I am about to describe; it is

now figured for the first time.

Sp. 2. Cicindela (Calochroa) Shwah, n. sp., Parry. (Plate XI.

fig. 2.)

Cicindela elongata, atro-picea, zenea; mandibulis latere externo

supra flavis; thorace subquadrato, punctato rugoso, sulcis

duobus transversis; elytris punctatis, maculis tribus flavis,

macula humerali distincta fascidque media sinuata, ad suturam

vergenti apicali lunata flava ; corpus infra tibiis et tarsis con-

coloribus.

Long. corp. lin. 10, lat. corp. lin, 3,

This species bears a strong resemblance to Czczndela Princeps,

described by Mr. Vigors in the Zoological Journal, p. 413, pl. 15,

and now to be seen in the collection of the Zoological Society.

Through the kindness of Mr. Mitchell I have been enabled to

compare the two insects; Calochroa Princeps is of a much shorter

and more rotundate form, having the apex of the elytra not nearly

so much truncated, and a considerable difference in the form of

the yellow spots, vide Pl. XI. fig. 2A. Fig. 2B represents the

elytron of the species above described.

upon some new and rare Coleoptera. 81

Sp. 3. Protetia Whitehousii, Schaum. n. sp. (Ceylon).

(PIE XI; fig: 3.)

Sp. 4. Macronota quadrivittata, Schaum, n. sp. (Ceylon).

(Pl. XI. fig. 4.)

The above are two new species from Ceylon, lately described

from my collection by Dr. Schaum, in a paper read before the

Society. Fig. 3 and 4 are figures of the original types, received

by me from Ceylon.

Sp. 5. Clinteria incerta, Parry (an var. Imperialis, Schonh).

(Pl. XI. fig. 5.)

Nigra, pronoto maculis duabus, elytris utrinque duabus

pallidis.

Long. corp. lin. 93, lat. corp. lin. 5.

The above is the exact description, with the exception of “ elytris

utrinque tribus fulvis” of Dr. Burmeister’s Clinteria imperialis.

The absence of the third spot on the shoulder of the elytra in

this species, as well as its larger size, with the sternum more pro-

longed and the colour of the spots somewhat paler, forms the only

difference between the two species; it may, however, prove to be

only a variety, until other specimens are received to elear up the

point; I have called it zcerta, the accompanying figure at any

rate will prove acceptable.

I must not omit to mention that Mr. Hope has described in the

Transactions of the Zoological Society, under the name of Ma-

cronota tetraspilota, and lately refigured in the last number of our

own Transactions as Clinteria tetraspilota, an insect very much

resembling the above; but Mr. Westwood, having seen both

specimens, informs me they are quite distinct, differing consider-

ably as to the mesosternal process.

Sp. 6. Diaphonia rugosa, Schaum, (N. Holland.) (Pl. XI. fig. 6.)

This new and interesting species Dr. Schaum has lately de-

scribed from my collection, The British Museum also pos

sesses it,

82 Mr. F. J. S. Parry’s Description and Notes

Sp. 7. Pygora lenocinia, Dupont (Madagascar). (PI. XI. fig. 8.)

For description of, vide Dr. Burmeister’s Handbuch der Ento-

mologie and Silberman’s Revue Entomologique.

I have been tempted by the extreme beauty and rarity of this

insect to introduce it here, accompanied by a figure, which I

believe has not hitherto been published, and certainly its interest-

ing form and splendid attire fully entitle it to your notice. Dr.

Burmeister in his work mentions four species of the same group,

all from Madagascar and very scarce.

Sp. 8. Clinteria pantherina, Parry, n. sp. (Pl. XI. fig. 9.)

C. purpureo-cuprea, supra opaca, pronoti punctis sex triangulo

positis ; elytrorum plurimis sparsis ; abdomine subtus nitido,

seriebus duabus macularum, pygidio rufescenti maculato.

Habitat Ceylon.

This species is allied to C. Merens of Gory, &c., but is suf-

ficiently distinct, according to Dr. Burmeister’s description of it,

to form a new species.

Genus STIGMODERA.

Sub-Genus nov. Metaxymorpna, Parry (eraév, between,

peopdn, form).

Sp. 9. Metaxymorpha Grayi, n. sp. Parry (N. Holland).

(PI SE itig27,)

Atro-violacea, cyanea; thorace punctato, valde convexo, haud

suleato, postice punctis duobus profundis ; elytris concolori-

bus, striis duodecim rugoso-punctatis, lateribus externis

rubro sanguineo late limbatis apicem 3-dentatis; prosterno

magno protenso et conico ; antennis pedibusque cyaneis zneis,

scutello magno rotundato.

Long. corp. lin. 15, lat. corp. lin. 6.

I am unacquainted with the exact locality of this new and

interesting addition to our Australian Fauna. It was lately re-

ceived by me in a small collection from that country, in which

were also specimens of that splendid insect Calodema Kirbii, so

that probably it is to be found in the same locality.

Not only is this new species remarkable for its form and colour,

but is especially interesting as forming an important connecting

link between the other Australian species of Stizgmodera and the

upon some new and rare Coleoptera. 83

South American division of the same group, formed into a sepa-

rate family by Eschscholz, under the name of Conognatha.

The only two species of New Holland Stagmodera I am ac-

quainted with, bearing any resemblance to it as to form and cha-

racter, are Stigmodera Jaquinoti of Gory, and Calodema Kirbu of

Hope. It partakes of the somewhat attenuated and rather convex

form, with strongly spinose apex of the former, but differs in

having the thorax more convex, with the sternum prolonged in a

most remarkable manner (vide fig. 7a); the apex of each elytron

is also of a different form, having three spines (vide fig. 7) in-

stead of two (vide fig. 7c).

It agrees with Calodema only in having the prosternum pro-

longed (but in a more conical form, vide fig. 7d), and spinose apex

of elytra, but having, as I have before mentioned, three spines

instead of two (vide fig. 7e). And here let me mention that the

only New Holland species of Stigmodera with which I am ac-

quainted possessing the lengthened prosternum are the present

new species and Calodema Kirbii, whereas the South American

division Conognatha possesses it with one or two exceptions in a

remarkable manner; with regard however to the six distinct

spines at the apex it stands alone, and as such forms a peculiar

feature in this new sub-division.

Upon the whole it certainly bears a greater affinity to the South

American division ; but differing as it does in several respects, and

coming from another country, I have thought it expedient to make

it the type of a new sub-division, under the name of Metaxymorpha,

derived from the Greek perafv, between (to express intermediate

or connection), and jody, a form: and have much pleasure in

naming this néw insect after my friend J. E. Gray, Esq., F.R.S.,

of the British Museum, for whose kindness and attention on my

frequent visits there I feel greatly indebted.

Sp. 10. Tvrictenotoma Templetonii, 8 Westwood, ? Parry.

Nigrum, supra luteo-albidoque pubescens; mandibulis trans-

verse rugosis; antennis pedibusque maculis duabus elevatis

politis pronoti nigris, lateribus angulatis pronoti nigris. ¢.

Long 23 inches.

Habitat Ceylon.

The male of this new species of T’rictenotoma was lately de-

scribed by Mr. Westwood in his publication on Oriental Ento-

mology, (vide pl. 23 of that work,) it having been sent to him

from the island of Ceylon by R. Templeton, Esq., in whose

84 Mr. F. J. 8. Parry’s Description, §c.

honour it was named. I have now the pleasure of submitting to

your notice the ? of the above species for the first time; it was

received lately by me from Ceylon in the collection already

spoken of.

With the exception of being altogether wider in form, and the

material difference as to the shape of the mandibles, which are

much shorter, resembling those of Trictenotoma Childrenii, there

is nothing particular to distinguish it from the ¢.

It differs from the ¢ of Childreniz in having, as stated, trans-

verse rugose mandibules, longer antenne, a black stripe down the

thorax, and the last segment of the abdomen much shorter, not

carinated, and less notched at the tip; the mesosternal process is

also materially different.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.

Pl. XI. fig. 1. Cicindela (Calochroa) Assamensis, Parry.

2. Cicindela (Calochroa) Shivah, Parry.

8. Protetia Whitehousii, Schaum.

4, Macronota quadrivittata, Schaum.

5. Clinteria incerta, Parry.

6. Diaphonia rugosa, Schaum.

7. Metaxymorpha Grayii, Parry.

8. Pygora lenocinia, Dupont.

9. Clinteria pantherina, Parry.

Extract of a Letter from Capt. T. Hutton. 85

XXIII. Extract of a Letter from Capt. Taomas Horton,

H. E. I. C., to J. O. Westwoop, Esq.

[Read November Ist, 1847.]

Mussooree, Himalaya Mountains.

28th July, 1847.

My dear Sir,

I wave long contemplated writing to you, and now that

the last mail has brought me the intelligence that you have been

kind enough to honour me by naming the new Bombyx after me,

I cannot allow the post to go out without expressing to you my

best thanks for your attention and remembrance of me.

I have nearly made up my mind to make a run home for one

year, and in that case shall bring the few insects I have by me,

and trust there may be some more novelties worthy of your at-

tention. In the mean time I must tell you that I have again this

year reared specimens of Actias Selene, and observed attentively

the method by which it cuts its way through the cocoon; and

there can be no doubt of the correctness of my former obser-

vations in regard to the wing spur, from which I derived the

name “ Plectropteron,’ a name which I think, from the novelty

of the circumstance, may still hold good, and the species would

therefore stand as P. Selene, my P. Diane sinking into a syno-

nyme; itis, as I formeriy observed, most probable that Aetias

luna possesses the same spur ; and the new species lately sketched

in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History, under the name

of 4. Menas, most probably possesses it likewise, in which case

there would be three species so armed, and forming a good genus

characterised as Actias, with the addition of the wing spur; and

at all events the characters of 4ctias must be remodelled, before

A, Selene can find a place in it.

The habitat of 4. Meenas is very confusedly given in the

Magazine of Natural History, it being stated the species is from

Sylhet, and yet that it is from “ Northern India.” Sylhet is to

the eastward, not northward.

Let me now call your attention more particularly to the instru-

ment which I have named ‘“ the wing spur ;” that instrument is

not the part you thought I alluded to in my notice of the insect,

but is totally distinct from it, and projects from the joit of the

ning. The part you alluded to, viz. the tippet, (tegula or ptery-

VOL. V. I,

86 Extract of a Letter from Capt. T. Hutton.

goid), I have detached, and placed separately a spur and a wing

in the inclosed paper. And you will still see, on the shoulder

joint of the wing, a strong, hard, black spur, with a sharp point

and cutting edge. The point of this instrument is thrust through

the cocoon, and the cutting edge drawn across the fibres, until

severed sufficiently to enable the moth to come forth. Place the

wing horizontally before your eye, and look from the anterior

edge along the apex, and the spur will be visible.

Of the “ Bombyx Huttoni,” I will bring home specimens of the

perfect insect, and also their eggs, in order that you may see the

caterpillars. Cocoons and samples of the silk wound off also.

I hope the Actias may be worthy of notice in your new work,

which I have not yet had an opportunity of seeing ; and that you

will give dissections of the wing, in order to show the spur. If

I can get some autumn cocoons I will bring them or send them,

in order that you may see the process, and seeing believe !

Cheirotonus Mc Leayii is not a rare insect, although a very local

one. Several occur in private collections here, but I cannot get

them. I have one male slightly injured in the elytra, and a dimi-

nutive male. It is a sap feeder, and may be seen in company

with crowds of stag beetles, sucking up the juice as it flows from

wounds in the trees. They breed in decaying oak trees (quercus

incana). I sent you a notice of some butterflies long since, which

I hope you received.

Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions of new Mydaside. 87

XXIV. Descriptions of some new Species of Mydaside,

from Western Australia, by J. O. Wesrwoop, F.L.S.

[Read December 6th, 1847. ]

Tne species of the family Mydaside described in the works of

continental authors are natives of America, the south of Europe,

and the east and south of Africa, only one species, M. ruficornis,

having been described by Wiedemann as a native of ‘Tranquebar.

In the synopsis of this family which I published in 1841, in the

first volume of my “ Arcana Entomologica,” I described several

species from New Holland, namely, M. auripennis, M. viduatus, M.

stenogaster, and M. bicolor, Cephalocera maculipennis, and the three

supposed species of Apiocera. It is an interesting peculiarity in

Entomo-geography to find this singular group of insects, whose

metropolis is evidently South America, appearing in New Hol-

land, where, however, it appears to be very rare.

Since the publication of the above-mentioned synopsis, I have

become acquainted with several additional Australian species of

this group, of which I now beg to offer the descriptions to the

Entomological Society.

Mydas melleipennis, Westw. (Plate XIII. fig. 1.)

Mydas niger, marginibus thoracis cum scutello pedibusque

fulvis, femoribus posticis clavatis; alis fulvis, venis rufo-

fulvis ; antennis elongatis nigris, articulo basali subrufo ; ab-

domine elongato gracili, nigro, nitido, segmentis basalibus

utrinque flavo-maculatis. ¢.

Expansio alarum 13 unc.

Habitat in Australia occidentali. Comm. Ince.

This is a very distinct species; the head is transverse, and

clothed, especially in front, with luteous hairs; the eyes black ;

the hypostoma prominent and fulvous; the haustellum nearly as

long as the depth of the head; antennz black, moderately long,

last joint broad, basal joint varied beneath and near the extremity

with red; the thorax black, the callosities at the anterior angles

as well as the sides, scutellum and postscutellum dark fulvous ;

on each side before the insertion of the halteres is a short thick

spine; the abdomen is long, narrow, and cylindrical in the female;

the basal segment is transverse, glossy, and pitchy-coloured; the

second joint is obconic, truncate, glossy, black, with a large yellow

tee

88 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions

spot on each side; the third joint is slightly constricted at the

base ; it is marked, as well as the fourth joint, with a yellow spot

on each side, diminishing in size; the three following joints are

black, glossy, and cylindric, and the last joint is ob-conical, ter-

minated by an appendage, which is shortly spinose on each side.

The legs are fulvous ; the hind femora clavate, and finely spined.

The wings are fulvescent, with dark fulvous veins. ‘The arrange-

ment of the veins offer several peculiarities, which exist also in

the following species, but not in other insects of the genus. ‘The

body beneath is black; the second abdominal ventral segment

with a fulvous fascia, and the third with two fulvous spots.

Fig. 1. The insect slightly magnified; 1a, the head and base of the an-

tenna seen sideways ; 1 &, the proboscis and its palpi more highly

magnified.

Mydas bispinifer, Westw. (Plate XIII. fig. 2.)

Mydas niger, thoracis lateribus cum scutello rufo-fulvis; ab-

domine maris elongato angusto clavato, articulis basalibus

utrinque flavo-maculatis ; alis versus costam fusco-tinctis,

venis nigris ; pedibus pallide flavis; femoribus posticis cla-

vatis. gf 9

Expansio alarum 10—13 lin.

Habitat in Australia occidentali.

In Mus. Ince et Saunders.

The male of this species has somewhat the appearance of a

large elongated Conops. It agrees with the preceding species in

the peculiar arrangement of the veins of the wings, and in the

radiated appendage at the extremity of the body of the female.

The head is black, clothed in front with slight grey pubescence,

the nasus rather produced and obliquely truncate. The mouth

of one of the specimens examined presented the two slender

filiform setose palpi, and the slender horny seta at the base, as

represented in fig. 2a ** and +; the proboscis itself was porrected

and as long as the head. The antenne are black, about three

times as long as the head, with the last joint flattened and pear-

shaped. The thorax is black, with the sides and two tubercles

at the anterior angles obscure red; the scutellum is of the same

colour, the hind part of the thorax being black. ‘The sides of

the mesothorax, before the halteres, are produced into two short

black porrected spines. The abdomen is long, and much narrowed

in its basal half; it is black, with the four anterior segments

marked on each side with a pale yellow spot; the terminal ventral

of some new Species of Mydaside. 89

segment is armed with two horny lobes (fig. 2b **), and with

two curved hairy filaments (2b ++). The legs are pale yellow,

with the middle of all the femora and the apical half of the

posterior tibiz black. The hind femora are clavate and serrated

beneath. The wings are very slightly tinged with brown, having

the costa and the space along the two chief veins rather more

clouded with brown. The fourth longitudinal vein, which is fur-

cate towards the extremity of the wing, is suddenly deflexed at a

little distance in front of the furcation, crossing the next vein at

right angles, being connected with the anterior branch of the basal

cell (which branch, in the majority of the species of the genus,

extends beyond the spot where the fourth longitudinal vein is con-

nected with the fifth). The halteres are white.

The female of this species differs from the male in having the

abdomen long and narrow, but not narrowed at the base, being

of nearly equal width throughout; and the joints being rather

widened beyond the middle. The terminal segment is black, the

second and third with a large fulvous yellow spot on each side,

and the three succeeding segments with a broad fulvous yellow

fascia.

The last segment is terminated by a rounded appendage, each

side of which is armed with six short blunt spines. (Fig. 2c, 2d.)

The wings (or rather wing, as the only specimen of this sex which

I have seen possesses only one wing) differs from the male in

having the cell formed by the fourth longitudinal vein of the wing

closed and appendiculated at the tip. (Fig. 2e.)

Fig. 2. The male insect magnified; 2a, the head seen sideways; 26, the

extremity of the male abdomen from beneath ; 2c, the extremity of

the female abdomen, seen from above; 2 d, the same, seen from

beneath ; 2e, portion of the veins of the wing of the female.

Mydas sordidus, Westw. (Plate XIII. fig. 3.)

Mydas opacus, niger; antennis brevioribus, apicibus rufis ; seg-

mentis abdominis basi utrinque macula parva triangulari

lutea; pedibus piceo-rufis ; femoribus posticis obscuris ; alis

limpidis, venis nigris. 9

Expansio alarum fere 1? unc.

Habitat prope Adelaidam, Australie occidentalis. D. Fortnum.

In Mus. Hope.

The head is black, with the nasus obscure fulvous, rounded,

rather prominent and obliquely truncate above the mouth; the

face is clothed with grey hairs. The antenne are shorter than in

90 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions

many of the species, and slender, with the last joint pear-shaped

and red, the base being black. The proboscis is short. (Fig. 3a.)

The thorax is obscure black. The abdomen is of equal length

and continuous with the thorax, tapering beyond the middle; it is

obscure black, slightly glossy, especially at the extremity of the

segments. The second and three following segments are marked

on each side at the base with a triangular obscure fulvous spot ;

the two terminal segments are dark castaneous, with the penul-

timate one black on its hind margin: on the underside the abdo-

men has the base of each segment fasciated with fulvous. The

legs are obscure pitchy red, with the posterior femora moderately

clavate and serrated and almost black, except at the base and

extremity. The wings are almost limpid, with slender pale brown

veins. The upper branch of the fourth (furcate) longitudinal

vein emits a very short branchlet directed towards the base of the

wing, and the lower branch extends to the costa. ‘The apical ap-

pendage of the abdomen is retracted within the apex in the only

specimen of the female which I have seen.

Fig. 3. The insect slightly magnified ; 3a, the head seen sideways.

Mydas limpidipennis, Westw.

Mydas niger, facie griseo-setosa, (antennis mutilis,) thorace

nigro opaco; abdomine dilatato subconvexo, segmento primo

nigro, griseo parum hirto, 2do et 3tio nigris utrinque ad basin

macula minima albido-lutea notatis, 4 apicalibus piceis ; pe-

dibus rufo-piceis, alis perlimpidis, venis pallidis. 9

Expansio alarum 13 une.

Habitat in Australia occidentali.

In Mus. D. Saunders.

This species is nearly allied to the preceding. The head is

black, including the nasus, which is but very slightly prominent,

the face is clothed with grey hairs. The proboscis is short, the

antenne are broken off in the only specimen I have seen of the

female. The thorax is black and opaque, the halteres are black at

the tips. The abdomen is as broad as and continuous with the

thorax at the base, the middle joints being still wider, and the

apical joints are gradually attenuated ; the basal segment is black,

and slightly clothed with grey pile; the two following segments

are black, each with a minute luteous buff spot on each side, and

the four terminal segments are pitchy and rather glossy, and

punctured. The abdomen beneath is black, very glossy, and

margined. The legs are entirely of an obscure pitchy reddish

of some new Species of Mydaside. 91

colour, the posterior femora but slightly clavate and serrated

beneath. The wings are quite limpid, with the veins very slightly

tinged with brown. ‘The veins are arranged as is described in the

last species. The abdomen is terminated by a retractile ap-

pendage, armed with a radiating series of pale-coloured sete.

XXV. Descriptions of some new Exotic Species of Acroce-

ride (Vesiculosa, Latr.), a Family of Dipterous Insects.

By J. O. Westwoop, Esa. F.L.S.

[Read January 3, 1848. |

Tue family, whereof I propose in the present paper to describe a

number of new species, is remarkable for the singularly swollen

body, and more particularly abdomen, of nearly all the species,

whence Latreille gave to the group the sectional name of Vesicu-

losa. This peculiarity does not exist alone in this family of

insects, since we meet with various analogous resemblances in

other orders of insects, and indeed in other tribes of animals.

Among the Coleoptera there is the genus Chactas amongst the

Melyride, and some Heteromerous genera, remarkable for their

very swollen elytra. Amongst the Homoptera there is also a

very remarkable genus of Cicadide from New Holland, figured

by me, in the ‘Arcana Entomologica,’”’ under the name of Cystosoma

Saundersii, There are also some Orthopterous genera, and many

Homopterous, in which the scutellum is dilated and swollen, con-

cealing the wings and abdomen; as well as some Crustacea, such

as the crab-genus Hymenosoma, and some fishes, which are similarly

swollen.

The naturalist will do well not to overlook these kinds of

analogies, and they require to be stored up for future use. To

attempt in the present state of science to apply them fully and

fitly is a vain effort of skill.

Of the singular family Acroceride I believe nothing is still

known of their habits; the species are everywhere very scarce,

and no observation has hitherto been made of their transforma-

tions. The genera are but few in number, but the species are

distributed over the greater portion of the globe. I do not how-

ever remember any Asiatic species, although African, Australian,

92 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions

North and South American, as well as European, are known. The

species are but of small size, none exceeding our large blue-bottle

fly in size.

PsILODERA.

Psilodera affinis, Westw.

Ps, lutea, thoracis plaga lata dorsali antice subito angustata zenea,

abdomine supra saturate fusco-testaceo, villoso, segmentis

tribus basalibus macula media nigra, ad basin haud dilatata.

Long. corp. lin. 43, expans. alar. lin. 11.

Habitat apud Caput Bone Spei.

In Mus. nostr.

Ps. valide affine. Caput nigrum. Antenne flave, articuli

2di apice nigro. Thorax luteo-fulvus, pube erecta fulva

hirtus, plaga media dorsali antice subito angustiore eenea

supra scutellum, maculis duabus obscure testaceis ad margi-

nem posticum thoracis dorsi extensis, notatus. Abdomen

supra fusco-testaceum, pube pallidiori hirtum, segmentis tri-

bus basalibus macula nigra basali, Ima basi haud dilatata ;

infra obscure flavescens. Pedes omnino flavi. Ale hyaline.

Proboscis nigra, seta dorsali et basali albida.

Psilodera capensis, G. R. Gray, An. K. Ins. pl. 128, f. 4.

Ps, thorace et scutello omnino luteo-pubescentibus, capite nigro,

proboscide nigra, supra fulva, pedibus pallidis ; abdomine

rufo-fusco, luteo-albido fasciata.

Long. corp. lin. 44, expans. alar, lin. 8.

Habitat apud Caput Bone Spei.

In Mus. Britann.

An Cyrlus fasciatus, Wied.? E Ps. valida certe distincte.

LasIA.

Lasia flavitarsis, Erichson.

Syn. Panops flavitarsis, Wiedemann, Macquart.

Lasia amethystina, Perty.

Beris? violacea, G. R. Gray. In Griffith’s An. K. Ins, pl. 114,

fig. 2.

Hee species magnitudine valde variat. Individuum Pertianum

lineas 43 habet ; Wiedemanni 5 lineas, et proboscidem 6 lineas.

In Museo D. Hope individua 2 extant, lineas 5463 longi-

tudine corporis, proboscidis 93 lin., et expans. alar. 12—135

lin. habentia. Antenne fusez, articulo ultimo basi pallido,

vene intermedia longitudinales marginis postici alarum ad

marginem ipsum haud extense.

of some new Exotic Species of Acroceride. 93

Lasia auricoma, Westw.

Las. ceeruleo-viridis nitida, thoracis dorso cupreo, abdominis seg-

mentis apicalibus aureo-pilosis, pedibus nigris, tarsis Juteis.

Long. corp. lin. 53, expans. alar. lin. 12.

Habitat in Brasilia.

In Mus. nostr. Communic. D. Sells.

Oculi picei, luteo-villosi, ocelli haud prominuli. Thorax aureo-

viridis, luteo-villosus, plaga magna fere totum dorsum

occupante zenea, posticé cuprea, margine omni lete purpurea.

Scutellum et abdomen czeruleo-viridia, parum villosa, postice

tamen in medio segmentorum aureo-pilosa. Femora znea,

geniculis piceis. Tibiz picee, luteo-pilosee. Tarsilutei. Te-

gule chalybez. Ale fuscescenti-hyaline, venis nigris, venze

intermediz marginis postici ad marginem ipsum extense.

Lasia rufipes, Westw.

Las. eenea, thorace abdomineque valde luteo-pilosis, pedibus

alarumque venis costalibus testaceis.

Long. corp. lin. 43. Long. probosc. lin. 6. Expans. alar.

lin. 11.

Habitat in Brasilia. D. Miers.

Oculi picei, luteo-subvillosi. Antenne basi nigree (apice dete-

rito), Proboscis nigra, basi supra chalybeeo, seta dorsali

brunnea. Caput postice eneo-viridi, regione ocellorum vix

elevato. Thorax subcupreo-eneus, luteo dense pilosus.

Abdomen etiam densius luteo-villosum, basi segmentorum

posticorum (magis subcupreo) tantum apparente; abdomen

subtus nitidissime purpureum. Pedes testacei. Ale hyaline,

vix infuscatze; venis basalibus et costalibus testaceis. ‘Tegulze

luteze.

PuiLoporta.

Philopota maculicollis, Westw. (Lond. and Edin. Phil. Mag. 1835.)

(Philopota vidua, Erichson’s Entomog. p. 153.)

In individuo nostro color corporis nigro-piceus, nec brunneus ;

facies angusta, inter oculos albida, e sericie tenuissima argen-

tia. Proboscis flava, apice brunnea; prothoracis dorsi angulis

posticis productis, et extremo apice ferrugineo ; mesothorax

punctis duobus minutis anticis alterisque duobus cuneatis

supra basin alarum ferrugineis. Abdominis piceo-nigri margo

lateralis tenuis, infra pallide flavus. Femora nigra, basi rufa,

VOL. V. M

Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions

apice lutea-brunneo. ‘Tibi postice extus pallide flave.

Alz infumatee, dimidio postico pallidiori.

Long. corp. lin. 43 (nec 53), expans. alar. lin, 12.

Obs.—Individua duo a cel. Macquartio in “ Diptéres Exotiques,’

Habitat in Brasilia. D. Swainson.

In Mus. nostr.

Philopota conica (nitida, Westw.)

Individuum hujus speciei, in Muszeo D. Hope, characteribus

sequentibus distinguitur: forsan species distincta.

Caput nigrum, facie albo-sericanti, acumine albido. Proboscis

fere corporis longitudine albida, apice fusco. Mesothoracis

dorsum flavum, disco lato nigro, antice subito angustiore ;

linea laterale tenue flava super basin alarum relicta. Pro-

thoracis pleurz flavo-maculate. Mesothorax valde elevatus,

lateribus ante alas utrinque macula flava. Abdomen elon-

gato-conicum, nitidum punctatum, segmenti lmi margine

postico tenui flavo, segmentis 2 et 3 macula transversali

laterali marginis postici cum margine laterali omni flavis.

Coxe brunnez. Femora nigra, basi brunneo, apice albido.

Tibiz albidee, subtus nigricantes. Alze fuscescentes, antice

vix obscuriores.

’

pars 2, pp. 171, 172, ut varietates D. conice descripta, meo

judice, ad species distinctas pertinent.

Philopota liturata, Westw.

Ph. brunneo-nigra, prothoracis margine antico et postico, meso-

thorace utrinque linea flexuosa flavis, alis fusco-hyalinis,

abdomine subopaco punctatissimo.

Long. corp. lin. 34, expans. alar, lin. 7.

Habitat in Brasilia. D. Swainson.

In Mus. D. Hope.

Statura et summa affinitas Ph. nitide, differt tamen colore

magis brunneo, thoracis minus elevato, prothoracis margine

antico et postico flavis. Mesothorax utrinque linea tenui

flexuosa flava, ad basin scutelli ducta. Prothoracis et me-

sothoracis pleuris notatis macula flava. Abdomen elongato-

conicum (minus tamen elongatum quam in specie preecedenti),

subopacum, punctatissimum, punctis tamen minoribus quam

in preecedenti, segmentis posticis tenuissime sericeis ; tribus

basalibus margine postico tenui flavo, (in 2do et 3tio medio

interrupto), margine omni laterali flavido.

An Philopote ovate mas ?

— —

of some new Exotic Species of Acroceride. 95

Philopota tuberculata, Westw.

Ph. nigra luteo-villosa, mesothorace postice bituberculato, abdo-

minis basi utrinque luteo; alis fusco-hyalinis, dimidio antico

fusco.

Long. corp. lin, 3, expans. alar. lin. 7.

Habitat in Brasilia. D. Miers.

Species distincta. Caput nigrum, oculis griseo-hirtis, facie

albido-sericea, acumine pallido. Proboscis corpore e tertia

parte brevior, albida, apice fusco. Thorax niger, luteo-

villosus, prothoracis loborum dorsalium angulis rufo-piceis.

Mesothorax valde elevatus; disco postice quadrato-elevato,

vel potius in tuberculis duobus producto. Scutellum gib-

bum, aureo-pilosum. Abdomen conico-ovatum, nitidum,

punctatum, longius nigro-hirtum, segmentis 2, 3 et 4 utrin-

que macula magna triangulari communi lutea, abdomen sub-

tus luteum. Femora piceo-nigra, apice luteo. Tibiz pallide

luteze, subtus vix obscuriores. Tarsi luteo-fulvi, unguibus

nigris. Alze fusco-hyaline, costa late fusca, usque ad venam

2dam posticam (5am longitudinalem) et ad apicem ale extensa ;

vena 4ta longitudinalis (ramo interno furce), fere ad apicem

alee extensa ; vena sexta sinuata ramos duos parvos emittit,

versus basin alarum, extensos, uno paullo ante apicem altero-

que apicali.

Philopota ovata, Westw.

Ph. brunnea punctatissima, thorace, abdomineque basi linecis

flavis notatis, alis fusco-hyalinis, costa late fusca.

Long. corp. lin. 33, expans. alar. lin. 8.

Habitat in Brasilia. D. Swainson.

In Mus. D. Hope.

Ph. liturate affinis. Brunneo-nigra, opaca. Caput nigrum,

punctatissimum, facie albo-sericea, acumine albido. Pro-

thorax margine antico et postico tenui flavo. Mesothorax

mediocriter elevatus, utrinque linea tenuissima flexuosa flava

ad basin scutelli extensa, pleuris prothoracis puncto et me-

sothoracis macula majori ante alas flavis. Abdomen conico-

ovatum, opacum, tenuissime punctatissimum, margine postico

tenui segmenti Imi flavo, segmento tio et sequentibus basi

nigricantibus ; margine omni laterali tenui albido. Femora

nigra, apice albido. Tibiz albida, subtus piceee. Tarsi picei.

Alz fusco-hyalinze, costa laté fusca ad venam 2ndam posti-

cam extensa, apice ipso hyalino.

96 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions

Philopota histrio, Erichson.

Individuum hujus species vidi, cujus color generalis corporis

est zeneo-niger nec brunneus ; prothoracis flavi lateribus vitta

tenui nigra ad basin alarum extensa et cum margine tenul

antico nigro mesothoracis litteram M formante. Coxe

anticee flavee. Aliter cum descriptione cel. Erichsonii con-

grult.

Long. corp. fere lin. 4.

Habitat in Brasilia. D. Miers.

Individuum alterum etiam vidi, cujus prothoracis dorsum est

nigrum, margine postico tenui litteram V. referente, angulis-

que anticis lateralibus flavis maculis posticis mesothoracis

margineque postico scutelli luteo-ferrugineis ; abdominis seg-

mentis basalibus margine postico flavo in medio interrupto ;

duobus apicalibus nigris ; femora antica subtus albida. Mag-

nitudo preecedentis. Brasilia. D. Miers.

PTERODONTIA.

Pterodontia flavipes, G. R. Gray, in Griffith, An. Kingd. Insects,

pl. 128, fig. 3, part 34, p. 779.

[Nec Pt. flavipes, Macquart, Dipt. exot. 1, 175.]

Pt. nigra, scutello abdomineque testaceo, basi maculisque dorsali-

bus nigris, pedibus pallidis, femoribus quatuor posticis nigris.

Long. corp. lin. 4, expans. alar. lin. 82.

Habitat in Georgia Americe.

In Mus. Britann.

Affinis Pt. Virmondi, Erich. Caput et thorax nigra, nitida,

nigro- villosa. Mesothorax lateribus postice scutelloque

testaceis. Abdomen segmentis duobus basalibus (1mo bre-

vissimo) nigris; reliquis fulvo-testaceis, rufo-villosis; 3tio

vitta media antice et postice dilatata; 4to et 5to macula

media basali, nigris. ‘Tegule fusco-nigre, nitide. Pedes

pallidi, luteo-albidi, tarsorum apice et unguibus obscuris,

femoribus quatuor posticis nigris. Ale pallide luteo-hyalinz.

Costa nonnihil obscuriori, venis pallidis, costalibus et basali-

bus, paullo obscurioribus. Alarum vene ut in Pt. Mellu

disposite.

Obs.—M. Macquart states that the figure given of the wing of

Pterodontia, in the Suites A Buffon, Dipt. pl. 20, fig. 5, is copied

from the Animal Kingdom ; it is however very inaccurate: neither

of some new Exotic Species of Acroceride. 97

is the engraving in the English work quite correct nor agreeable

to my original drawing, from which it was engraved.

Pterodontia Macquartu, Westw.

Pt. atra, scutello abdominisque lateribus rufis, pedibus flavis,

femoribus anticis nigris.

Long. corp. 33—44 lin.

Habitat in Nova Hollandia.

In Mus. Reg. Paris.

Syn. Plerodontia flavipes, Macquart, Dipt. exot. 1, p. 175.

An var. Pt. Mellii, Erichs. ?

Pterodontia analis, Westw.

Pt. nigra, segmentis apicalibus abdominis fulvis, alulis margine

nigricantibus, alis hyalinis, venis albidis, pedibus pallidis.

Long. corp. lin. 2, expans. alar, lin. 5.

Habitat in Georgia Americe.

In Mus. Britann.

Nigra, nitida, nigro-villosa, tenuissime punctata. Caput nigrum,

oculis postice brunneis. Antenne prope os insertee, articulo

terminali gracillimo brevi, apice clavato setigero. Thorax

cum scutello niger. Abdomen hemisphericum, segmentis

duobus basalibus maculaque media ad basin segmenti se-

quentis nigris. Tota pars abdominis relicta apicalis fulva.

Ale hyaline, iridescentes, transversim rugose. Venez

albidz distinctze, area discoidali sub apicem alarum postice

aperta. Tegule fuscescentes, marginibus nigricantibus. Pedes

albidi, femoribus basi obscurioribus, unguibus nigris.

ACROCERA.

Acrocera nigrina, Westw.

Acr. nigra, nitida, tenuissime punctata; punctis duobus minutis

ad marginem posticum penultimi segmenti margineque tenui

segmenti ultimi albidis; pedibus obscure luteo-albidis, fe-

moribus tibiisque in medio obscurioribus; alis fusco pallide

tinctis, venis piceis distinctis; alulis fusco-marginatis,

Long. corp. lin. 2, expans. alar. lin. 63.

Habitat in Georgia Americe.

In Mus. Britann.

VOL. V. N

98 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions, Sc.

Acrocera unguculata, Westw.

Acr. nigra, abdomine fulvo, basi maculisque nigris, pedibus

albis, unguibus nigris ; alarum venis fere obsoletis.

Long. corp. lin. 13, expans. alar. lin, 4.

Habitat in Georgia Americe.

In Mus. Britann.

Caput et thorax nigra, hoc antice utrinque puncto minuto luteo,

postice aureo-villoso, mesothoracis lateribus luteis. Abdomen

fulvum; basi, lateribus segmentorum duorum basalium, macula

angulata in medio ad basin alteraque ad basin segmentorum

duorum proximorum nigris; corpore subtus halteribus pedi-

busque albidis, unguibus magnis nigris. Ale hyaline albe,

venis fere indistinctis, costa tamen paullo obscuriori.

Acrocera subfasciata, Westw.

Acr. nigra, thorace utrinque maculis duabus cuneiformibus

fulvis; abdomine fusco, segmento 1mo ad apicem maculis

duabus transversis, 2do fascia apicali utrinque abbreviata

luteis ; alteris terminalibus luteo-marginatis.

Long. corp. lin. 13, expans. alar. lin. 43.

Habitat in Novo Eboraco.

In Mus. Britann.

Caput et thorax nigra, hoc antice maculis duabus cuneiformibus

fulvis, spiraculis albidis, mesothoracis lateribus postice albidis.

Pedes albidi, unguibus nigris. Ale hyaline, venis pallide

fuscis ; costa paullo obscuriori.

Acrocera fumipennis, Westw.

Acr. nigra, nitida, alis hyalinis, versus basin fusco-infumatis,

venis versus basin obscuris ad apicem tamen fere obliteratis,

alulis fuscis, pedibus albidis.

Long. corp. lin. 13, expans. alar. lin. 4.

Habitat in Georgia Americe.

In Mus. Britann.

Acrocera bulla, Westw.

Nigra, abdomine albido, basi, (in medio dentata,) fascia ad basin

2di segmenti, maculaque media ad basin 3tii anoque nigris,

pedibus albidis, unguibus nigris, alis hyalinis, costa venisque

fuscis.

Long. corp. lin, 23, expans. alar, lin, 53.

Habitat in Novo Eboraco.

In Mus. Britann.

J. W. Douglas’s Note on Segetia Xanthographa. 99

XXVI. Note on a Variety of Segetia Xanthographa. (PI.

XIV. fig.1.) By J. W. Dovauas, Esq.

[Read 6th March, 1848. ]

Ar the meeting of this Society on November Ist, 1847, I exhibited

a most curious specimen of this moth, taken near Manchester, and

sent to me by Mr. Edleston. On the right side the wings present

the usual appearance of the species, but on the left the upper wing

has only a broad stripe of brown on the costal portion, the rest

of it being luteous, with a few dark marks, and the lower wing

being dark, with a broad luteous dash running down the centre.

It is a most singular deviation from the normal appearance of this

moth, and has been most ably drawn by Mr. Wing, to whose figure

I beg a reference, as giving a better idea of the insect than any

description I can make.

What may have been the cause of this variation I am unable to

say decisively, but some observations reported to the Entomolo-

gical Society of France by M. A. Pierret,* will, I think, throw

some light on it. He says, that of several species of Lepidoptera

which ordinarily have the wings red, varieties occur in which that

colour is replaced by yellow. He instances Sphinx Dahlu, S.

Euphorbia, Zygena Achillea, Z. Fausta, and Z. Onobrychis, Eu-

chelia Jacobee, Chelonia Caja, C. Hebe, and C. purpurea, Calli-

morpha Hera and C. dominula. He says the reverse of this never

takes place, with the single exception of Callimorpha donna, in

which the yellow of the under wings is sometimes replaced by

red; but in this case he thinks, that as C. donna is really only a

variety of C. dominula, the apparently accidental red is properly a

return to the typical colour. He then concludes, that every yellow

variety of a red type is caused by an arrest of the elaboration of

the colouring matter of the perfect insect, resulting either from

the imperfect or improper nutrition of the caterpillar, or from the

influence of atmospheric agents while in the pupa state.

I think that if this theory be correct, that it may account for

the variation of the species now before us, although this differs

from the examples quoted by M. Pierret, inasmuch as the typical

colour is not red, and the yellow variation is on one side only.

* Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 1847. Tome 5, Bulletin,

page Ixxii.

VOL. V, S

100 Mr. W.S. Dallas’s Sketch

XXVII. Sketch of the Genus Peecilocoris, belonging to the

Hemipterous Family Scutelleride. By W.S. Daas,

Esq.

[Read 3d April, 1848.]

In a paper in the third volume of the Transactions of the Ento-

mological Society, at p. 84, Mr. White proposed the division of

Tectocoris, Hahn, into two genera, retaining the name Tectocoris

for that section which contains Hahn’s type (7. cyanipes, Fab.),

and proposing that of Peecilochroma* for the other, containing

Cimex Drurei, Lin., and some allied species. ‘The genus Scutel-

lera, of Amyot and Serville, corresponds exactly with T'ectocoris

as above restricted, but those Entomologists have established no

generic group to which the species forming the present genus can

be referred.

As Mr. White, in the paper quoted above, did not fully charac-

terize this genus, it may be as well here to give its distinctive

characters at length.

Genus Pacitocoris, (Pecilochroma, White).

Cimex, Linn.; Drury; Fab. olim. Tetyra,Fab.; Burm. Scutellera,

Guér.; Burm.; Germ.; H. Schaffer. Tectocoris, Hope.

Pachycoris, H. Schaffer.

Body ovate, convex. Head (Pl. XIII. fig. a) rather large, broad,

the lateral margins sinuated before the eyes. Antenne (fig. a)

about half the length of the body, of five joints ; basal joint short,

robust ; second, shorter and thinnest ; third, fourth and fifth, each

as long as, or longer than the two basal united, nearly equal, com-

pressed, broad, and furrowed longitudinally on the sides. Rostrum

generally passing the second segment of the abdomen, in some

species extending nearly to its apex. Scutellum slightly truncated

at the apex. Abdomen (fig. b) with a more or less distinct furrow

beneath; the three penultimate segments in the male not bearing

the dull space on each side which exists in Tectocoris (fig. c), and

the anal plate, in the same sex, simple, consisting only of one

piece, which has its extremity sinuated, and fringed with hairs.

* As I have been informed, since this was read, that the generic name Pecilo-

chroma, applied to this genus by Mr. White, had been previously employed in

Lepidoptera, I have, with that gentleman’s concurrence, changed his name for

that which stands at the head of this paper.

of the Genus Pecilocoris. 101

The species bear a striking resemblance, in the arrangement of

their colours, to many of the species of Coccinella, being mostly

yellow, orange or red, spotted with black or violet ; they corre-

spond also in their tendency to variation, the spots sometimes

increasing in size, until, becoming confluent, they cover nearly the

whole surface, sometimes disappearing partially, or even entirely,

so that their proper position can only be determined from some

slight difference in the surface of the parts which, in the normal

state, would be darkly coloured. The difficulty of distinguishing

the species is increased by the remarkable uniformity which exists

in most of them, in the number and position of the spots on the

scutellum ; but we shall generally find that the underside of the

body (though even here there is some tendency to variation) will

present us with sufficient characters for this purpose, for it is sel-

dom the case that the developement of the dark colouring matter

is increased on both surfaces of the same individual.

sp. l. 2. latus, N.S. . (Bl. XUE, fig: 4:)

P. rotundato-ovatus, flavus, rubro-nebulosus, capite, maculisque

thoracis et scutelli nigro-violaceis ; abdomine rufo, immacu-

lato, ano concolori; pectore flavescenti, antice pallide rufo ;

pedibus nigro-violaceis, femoribus basi testaceis ; rostro* ab-

dominis medium attingente. ¢, 2.

Long. lin. 9—10.

Hab. in China.

In Mus. Brit.

Rounded-ovate, not very convex; above yellow, clouded with

orange-red, thickly punctured. Head violet, shining, thickly and

strongly punctured; eyes brown; ocelli red. Thorax thickly

punctured, somewhat rugose, with the anterior angles, and two

large spots on the disc, extending to the posterior margin, deep

blue-violet. Scutellum thickly and finely punctured, slightly

wrinkled transversely at the base; with a spot in each basal angle,

a large, irregular, transverse patch in the centre of the base, and

a transverse row of four spots, of which the two intermediate are

by much the largest, across the disc, behind the middle, deep

blue-violet ; the surface around all the spots clouded with orange-

red. Margins of elytra black. Abdomen beneath red, immacu-

late, thickly and finely punctured, and slightly pilose, with a strong

central furrow at the base. Anal apparatus reddish. Breast

thickly punctured, yellowish, variegated with blackish violet ; the

* IT have only noticed the length of the rostrum in the characters of those

species in which it exceeds the usual limits.

102 Mr. W.S. Dallas’s Sketch

antepectus pale red, with a violet-black spot at the base of the

anterior legs. Thighs testaceous, their apices, with the tibiz

and tarsi, shining violet-black. Head beneath yellowish in the

centre, with its margins violet. Antenne black, the two basal

joints with a violet tinge. Rostrum testaceous, with the two last

joints black, the apex attaining the base of the fourth segment of

the abdomen.

The Museum specimens of this beautiful species, which, from

its form, may be considered as the link uniting this genus with

Tectocoris, have the five spots in the centre of the base of the

scutellum confluent, forming the large patch which is seen at this

part; in the normal state they would be arranged exactly as in P.

Drurei. In this particular it agrees with J'etyra Donovani, Burm.,*

(Nova Acta, &c. vol. xvi. p. 286, Tab. 41, fig. 1,) and also in the

absence of the two subapical spots, and the length of the rostrum ;

but the difference in the form, and in the general colouring of the

two insects, is too great to admit of the supposition of their identity.

Sp. 2. P. interruptus, Hope.

P. rotundato-ovatus, nigro-zeneus; thorace margine postico,

lineaque curva longitudinali utrinque, scutello linea sub-

media transversa interrupta, margineque apicali, coccineis ;

abdomine nigro-zneo, rubro-variegato, ano nigro; pectore

toto, pedibusque nigris. 4, @.

Long. lin. 7—9.

Hab. in Nepal.

In Mus. Brit.

Tectocoris interrupta, Hope, Cat. p. 14.

Scutellera int., Germ. Z. vol. i. p. 134; H. Sch. vol. v. p. 73,

pl. 172, fig. 531.

Broadly ovate, rather flat; above brassy black, thickly and

finely punctured. Eyes pale brown; ocelli red. Prothorax with

the posterior margin, and a curved longitudinal line on each side,

within the lateral angles, bright red. Scutellum with a narrow

transverse line on the disc near the middle, interrupted in the

centre, and the apical margin, bright red; [margins of elytra brassy

black ;] margins of abdomen black, variegated with bright red,

Abdomen beneath black, shining, slightly brassy, the bases of the

second, third, fourth and fifth segments, in the middle, and a mar-

ginal spot on the junction of each segment, red. Anal apparatus

black, margined with red in the female. Breast brassy black,

thickly and finely punctured. Antenne, rostrum and legs black,

* This species approaches very closely to P. Hardwickii.

of the Genus Pecilocoris. 103

In a long series of this insect in the British Museum there are

no indications of distinct spots ; but it is probable that the anterior

margin, and two spots on the disc of the prothorax, are black,

and that the spots on the scutellum are arranged much as in P.

Hardnickii, the interruption to the red band being evidently caused

by the apex of the central basal spot of the scutellum, although it

is certainly quite distinct from that species.

Sp. 3. P. purpurascens, Hope. (PI. XIII. fig. 5.)

P. ovatus, violaceo nigroque variegatus; thorace maculis 4

parvis, scutelloque 5, coccineis; abdomine viridi-zneo, ma-

culis 4 utrinque rubris, ano nigro-zneo ; pectore toto, pedi-

busque nigro-violaceis. 3, @.

Long lin. 8—9.

Hab. in Nepal.

In Mus. Brit.

Tectocoris purpurascens, Hope, Cat. p. 14.

Scutellera purp., Germ. Z. vol. i. p. 135.

Ovate ; above variegated with violet and black, thickly and

strongly punctured. Head nearly smooth, shining, slightly wrin-

kled, and punctured at the base and apex; eyes and ocelli brown.

Thorax with a small red spot in the centre of the anterior margin,

a corresponding one on the posterior margin, and a small streak

of the same colour on each side towards the lateral angles. Scu-

tellum with a small transverse streak on each side before the

middle, a smaller longitudinal one towards the apex, and an

oblique one on each side of this, on the lateral margins, bright

red. Margins of elytra violet-black. Abdomen beneath slightly

wrinkled, shining brassy green, the margins violet, with an irre-

gular transverse red streak on each side on the second, third,

fourth and fifth segments. Anal apparatus brassy black. Breast

violet and green, shining, finely punctured, with a dull black

patch on the medi- and post-pectus. Legs violet-black. Head

beneath violet and green, shining, punctured. Antenne and ros-

trum black.

The spots (indicated by the strong violet tints on various parts

of the surface) are arranged, normally, exactly as in P. Drurei,

but the species appears to be quite distinct.

Sp. 4. P. Drurei, Lin. (Pl. XIII. fig. 6.)

P, ovatus, luteo-fulvus, vel rufus ; capite, maculis 2 thoracis,

maculisque 13 scutelli, plus minusve confluentibus, nigris ;

elytris nigris ; abdomine rufescenti-fulvo, basi, stigmatibus,

104 Mr. W.S. Dallas’s Sketch

maculaque ante apicem, nigris; ano rufescenti; pectore

(marginibus antero-lateralibus rufis exceptis), pedibus, an-

tennisque nigris. 3, @.

Long. lin. 8—9.

Hab. in Indiis Orient.

In Mus. Brit., &c.

Cimex Drurei, Lin. Mant. Plant. 534; Drury, Ins. vol.i. p. 94,

pl. 42, fig. 1; Fab. E. S. vol. iv. pp. 83, 13.

Tetyra Drurei, Fab. S. R. pp. 132, 17.

Scutellera Dr., Germ. Z., vol.i. p.135. (Burm. p. 396.)

( Tectocoris Dr., Hope, Cat.) Stoll. Wanz. p. 114, fig. 267.

The normal condition of this species may be considered to ex-

hibit the typical colouring of the genus; in it the spots on the

scutellum are arranged,— five basal, of which the central one is

somewhat triangular and rather short, the two intermediate small-

est; two behind these, placed opposite the intermediate basal ones,

a row of four across the disc, rather behind the middle, and two

towards the apex. The seven spots at the base are frequently

confluent, forming a large basal patch, with three large notches in

its posterior margin (as in the variety figured by Drury); the

row of spots across the disc are also often united to form a trans-

verse band. The narrow basal segment of the abdomen, and

generally the second segment also, are violet-black ; the stigmata

of the other segments are surrounded by spots of the same colour,

which generally occupy the entire lateral margins of the segments,

and thus form a black border to the abdomen; the terminal seg-

ment, except the posterior and lateral margins, is black.

In a specimen of this insect, in the Museum of the East India

Company, the usual black spots on the thorax and scutellum are

represented by whitish guttz, whilst the black markings of the

abdomen occupy more of the surface than usual.

Sp. 5. P. obsoletus, N.S.

P. ovatus, coccineus opacus, pallide violaceo-maculatus ; tho-

race marginibus lateralibus et antico nitidis; elytris coccineis ;

abdomine coccineo, segmento primo, stigmatibus, maculaque

magna segmenti ultimi, nigris ; ano rubro; pectore (margini-

bus antero-lateralibus exceptis), pedibusque nigris, femoribus

basi fuscescentibus. ¢.

Long. lin. 9.

Hab. Hong Kong.

In Mus. Brit.

of the Genus Pecilocoris. 105

Ovate, above bright velvety red, thickly punctured. Head and

eyes black ; ocelli reddish. Thorax with the anterior and lateral

margins smooth, shining, rather coarsely and irregularly punc-

tured ; two indistinct yellowish patches within the anterior angles,

and faint indications of two elongated violet spots on the disc.

Scutellum slightly wrinkled transversely at the base, and with in-

dications of eleven violet spots, placed five at the base, two behind

these, and four in a transverse row across the middle ; the apical

portion orange, finely reticulated with red. Margins of elytra

bright red, thickly and coarsely punctured. Abdomen red, shining,

with a few scattered punctures, and a faint longitudinal furrow at

the base; the basal segment pitchy black, a small spot round each

of the stigmata, and a large crescent-shaped one on the terminal

segment, black. Anal apparatus red. Breast violet-black, shining,

finely and sparingly punctured, a dull space on each side of the

medi- and post-pectus; the antero-lateral margins and the lateral

angles red. Thighs brownish, slightly tinted with brassy, their

apices, the tibice and tarsi, brassy black. Head beneath shining

violet, punctured, yellowish at the base. Antenne black, the

three basal joints tinted with violet and brassy, the two apical

covered with short greyish hairs, Rostrum pitchy.

This insect was recently sent from Hong Kong by John C.

Bowring, Esq. ; it is very nearly allied to the preceding, the spots

being arranged in exactly the same manner; but the two sub-

apical ones are wanting, whilst the red colour of the margins of

the elytra, the colour of the legs, the peculiar texture of the

margins of the thorax, and the clothing of the two last joints of

the antennz, seem to mark it as a distinct species.

Sp. 6. P. pulcher, White, MS. (PI. XIII. fig. 7.)

P. ovatus, purpureus, thorace antice, marginibus lateralibus,

lineaque centrali coccineis; scutello basi, fasciaque lata media

violaceo-tinctis ; abdomine coccineo, stigmatibus nigris; ano

rufo; pectore (marginibus antero-lateralibus exceptis) pedi-

busque nigro-purpureis. 3.

Long. lin. 9.

Hab. in Malabar.

In Mus. Brit.

Ovate, deep velvety purple, thickly and finely punctured. Head

shining, strongly punctured, blackish at the base, and along the

margins of the lobes; eyes brownish; ocelli reddish. Thorax

broadly margined with red laterally and anteriorly, and with a

narrow, central, longitudinal line of the same colour on the disc.

106 Mr. W.S. Dallas’s Sketch

Scutellum deep purple, with the base (irregularly), a transverse

band across the disc, before the middle, a narrow central line

uniting these, and a small spot on each side of the latter, shining

violet. The margins of the elytra brownish purple. Abdomen

with a strong furrow at the base, bright red, with a violet reflec-

tion, smooth, shining, very finely and moderately punctured ; a

black spot round each of the stigmata, and a faint band of the

same colour across the terminal segment. Anal plate red. Breast

purple, variegated with violet and greenish tints, shining, thickly

and finely punctured, the antero-lateral margins and lateral angles

red. Thighs brassy purple; tibiz shining violet; tarsi black.

Head beneath violet and green, shining, strongly punctured ;

orange at the base. Antenne (mutilated) shining violet. Ros-

trum brassy black, basal joint pale pinkish violet.

The spots in this beautiful species appear to be arranged as in

P. Drurei, except that the two subapical ones are wanting. The

others can easily be traced in the violet tints of the base, and the

broad band across the middle of the scutellum.

Sp. 7. P. Childreni, White.

P. ovatus, luteo-fulvus; capite, thorace antice maculisque 4

posticis, scutelloque maculis 11, nigris ; abdomine, pectore-

que toto, nigro-purpureis, illo lineis 4 transversis utrinque,

fulvis; ano nigro; pedibus nigro-purpureis. ¢, @.

Long. lin. 9.

Hab. in Nepal.

In Mus. Brit., &c.

Peecilochroma Childreni, White, Ent. ‘Trans. vol. iii. p. 84, pl. 7,

fig. 1.

The spots on the scutellum are placed,—three basal, of which

the central one is large, triangular, and produced on each side at

the base, in such a manner that it appears as though in the nor-

mal state there would be an additional spot on each side, as in

P. Drurei; two behind these, a row of four across the disc,

rather behind the middle, and two subapical. It is rather singu-

lar, that all the three specimens with which I am acquainted have

(as noticed by Mr. White, 1]. c. sup.) a strong impression across

the disc of the scutellum, in front of the transverse row of spots,

in two instances, certainly, increased since the death of the insect,

but in the third apparently in the same condition as during its life.

This character, if it be one, exists in no other species.

I have never seen any specimens with the spots confluent, but

if such should occur, they would be easily distinguishable from P.

of the Genus Pecilocoris. 107

Drurei by the broad black anterior margin of the prothorax, and

the black anal plates; from the following species, P. Hardnickit,

by the margins of all the segments of the abdomen being violet-

black ; and from both, by the presence of four spots on the disc

of the prothorax, and by the entire breast being violet-black. It

is probable that, in the normal condition, the disc of the abdomen

may be yellow or orange, margined with black, as in P. Drurei,

for in one of the specimens in the British Museum there exists, in

addition to the transverse lines on each side, a narrow longitudinal

line in the centre, which crosses two or three of the segments.

Sp. 8 P. Hardnicki, Hope.* (PI. XIII. fig. 8.)

P. ovatus, luteo-fulvus vel sanguineus; thorace antice maculis-

que 2 nigris; scutello nigro-maculato vel variegato; abdo-

mine rufo, basi, segmentis marginibus lateralibus, penultimo

et terminali exceptis, segmento ultimo anoque, nigro-violaceis ;

pectore (marginibus antero-lateralibus exceptis) pedibusque

nigro-violaceis. Gaek

Long. lin. 8—10,

Hab. in India.

In Mus. Brit., &c.

Tectocoris Hardnicki, et affinis, Hope, Cat. p. 13.

Pachycoris Nepalensis, H. Sch., Wanz. Bd. 4, p. 1, Tab. 109,

fig. 339.

Scutellera Hardwicku, Germ. Z., vol. i. p. 135.

Ovate, convex, above yellowish-orange or red, opaque, rather

thickly and finely punctured. Head black, thickly and strongly

punctured ; eyes and ocelli brownish. Thorax with the anterior

portion, and two large spots on the disc, black. Scutellum slightly

wrinkled transversely at the base; in the normal state with eleven

black spots, placed, three at the base, of which the central one is

large, elongated-triangular, a small round one on each side of the

apex of this, a transverse row of four across the disc, behind the

middle, the two intermediate of which are the largest, and two

smaller towards the apex. These spots are generally either more

or less confluent, or partially obliterated, forming numerous varie-

ties, as noted below. Margins of the elytra pitchy black. Abdomen

beneath orange-red, very faintly wrinkled, the basal segment en-

tirely, the second, except the middle, the third and fourth on the

lateral margins, the terminal segment, except its lateral margins,

* The insect described by Burmeister (Nova Acta, &c., vol. xvi. p. 286),

under the name of Tetyra Donovani, very closely resembles this species, with

which it may perhaps be identical ; in this case Burmeister’s name must supplant

Hope’s,

108 Mr. W.S. Dallas’s Sketch

(and, in the male, its base,) and the anal apparatus, violet-black ;

the penultimate segment is entirely red. Breast black, tinted with

violet, finely punctured ; the lateral angles of the antepectus, and

part of the antero-lateral margins, red. Legs violet-black. An-

tennz and rostrum black.

This is one of the most variable species of this genus with which

we are at present acquainted. Mr. Hope has described, as dis-

tinct species, the two following varieties, viz.

1. Tect. Hardnicku, Hope.

Pachycoris Nepalensis, H. Sch.; Scutellera Hardnicku, Germ.

In this the spots have become confluent, so that the general

colour of the upper surface of the insect is black; the thorax is

nearly covered by the two spots on the disc, which extend for-

wards to the black anterior margin, and posteriorly to the hinder

margin; the five spots at the base of the scutellum are united,

forming a large waved band across the base, from the centre of

which the apex of the triangular basal spot projects, while the

two intermediate spots of the transverse row are joined to one

another, and to the two subapical ones, forming a large rounded

lobate patch. ,

Between this and the normal state, and between the latter and

the following variety, a good many intermediate forms exist.

2. Tect. affinis, Hope.

In this the two subbasal and the two subapical spots are wanting,

all the other characters existing as in the normal condition of the

species, although we sometimes find the two spots on the disc of

the thorax exceedingly indistinct. The species however is easily

distinguished, throughout all its varieties, from those most nearly

allied to it, by the uniform red colour of the fifth segment of the

abdomen.

Sp. 9. P. dives, Guérin.

P. rufo-fulvus; capite, thorace margine antico, maculis thoracis

et scutelli, elytrorumque marginibus nigris; abdomine rufo,

sulco longitudinali indistincto, stigmatibus nigris; rostro fere

abdominis apicem attingente. ¢.

Long. lin. 73.

Hab. in Java.

In Mus. Brit.

Scutellera dives, Guérin, Ic. pl. 55, fig. 1.

Somewhat elongate-ovate, above orange, thickly and finely

punctured. Head brassy-black, shining, punctured; eyes brown-

of the Genus Pecilocoris. 109

ish; ocelli reddish. Thorax with the anterior margin, a spot

on each lateral angle, a submarginal line on each side, uniting

these with the anterior margin, and two large spots on the disc,

violet or brassy-black. Scutellum with thirteen violet-black

spots, placed as in P. Drurei. Margins of the elytra violet-

black. Beneath thickly and finely punctured. Abdomen with a

slight central furrow, red, shining, with a slight violet tint; a

violet-black spot on each of the stigmata. Anal plate red. Breast

violet, shining, pale in the centre and at the insertion of the legs ;

the antero-lateral margins red. Legs brassy-violet, with the base

of the thighs brownish testaceous. Head beneath violet. Ros-

trum reaching nearly to the apex of the abdomen, violet-black,

with the edges of the basal joint, and the articulations of all the

joints, testaceous. Antennz violet-black, with the base of the

first joint testaceous.

Guérin, in the letter-press to his “ Iconographie du Régne Ani-

mal,” states this to be only a variety of P. Drurei; his figure,

however, differs sufficiently from that species to show at once

that they are decidedly distinct ; and the characters drawn from

the extraordinary length of the rostrum, and the colouring of the

underside, place them at a still greater distance.

Sp. 10. P. longirostris, N.S. (Pl. XIII. fig. 9.)

P. luteo-fulvus, capite, maculis thoracis et scutelli, elytrorumque

marginibus, nigris ; abdomine luteo-fulvo, sulco longitudinali

centrali distincto, stigmatibus nigris; rostro fere abdominis

apicem attingente. ¢@.

Long. lin. 9.

Hab. in Java.

In Mus. Brit.

Ovate, somewhat elongated; above orange-yellow, very thickly

and finely punctured. Head black, strongly punctured; eyes

brown ; ocelli reddish. Thorax very narrowly edged with black

anteriorly, and with a black spot within each anterior angle.

Scutellum with seven black spots, placed, three at the base, two

intermediate, and a very small one on each side, near the middle

of the lateral margins. Beneath very thickly and finely punc-

tured. Abdomen with a strong central furrow, orange-yellow,

shining, with a violet-black spot on each of the stigmata, Anal

apparatus yellow. Breast violet, shining; the centre, the antero-

lateral margins, and some transverse lines on the margins of the

segments, yellow. Legs shining violet; thighs at the base, and

110 Mr. E. Doubleday’s Description

coxe, brownish testaceous. Head beneath violet, strongly punc-

tured, yellow at the base; the antenniferous tubercles yellowish.

Rostrum very long, reaching nearly to the apex of the abdomen,

brassy green, shining ; the edges of the basal joint yellow. An-

tenn (mutilated) violet-black.

The only specimen of this insect in the British Museum is evi-

dently deficient in spots; the two spots in the anterior angles of

the prothorax being the remains of a transverse band on that part;

the spots on the dise of the thorax, and most probably six spots

of the scutellum, being wanting. It is very nearly allied to P.

dives, but appears to be distinct ; it may possibly, however, turn

out to be the female of that species.

XXVIII. Description of some Species of Geometride from

South America, forming a new Genus. By Epwarp

Dovsuepay, Esq. F.L.S., F.Z.S., &e.

[Read May Ist, 1848.]

Tue beautiful insects forming the genus I am about to characterize

are natives of the mountainous regions of the tropical portions of

South America. The only specimens I have seen of the species

here described were brought home by Mr. Dyson from Venezuela,

and by Mr. Bridges from Bolivia. The former traveller found

the three first species in the lofty mountains of Caraccas, the latter

collected the fourth and fifth species in the country of the Yuru-

cam Indians, in the Andes of Bolivia. _I have also seen one spe-

cies from the mountainous parts of Brazil, and much regret not

being able to lay before the Society a description of it. It belongs

to the third section. Of the affinities of the genus I can say

nothing. We know too little of the Geometride to venture upon

that subject, yet perhaps I might safely suggest an alliance to the

genera Odezia, Torula and Psodos, all more or less mountain genera.

The analogy in form to some of the Erycinide cannot be over-

looked.

Like the genera Odexia, Torula and Psodos, the Erateine are

diurnal insects.

The first segment of the abdomen offers the same remarkable

cavity which, on a former occasion, I mentioned to this Society as

occurring in some of the Glaucopide, considering it to be analogous

of some new Species of Geometridae. a:

to the drum of the Cicada. I regret exceedingly not being able

to make out more satisfactorily both this peculiarity, and the struc-

ture of certain anal appendages, which seem to exist in both sexes of

some at least of the species. In Hrateima Zoraida those of the male

consist of two large shell-like valves, lined internally with hair,

and furnished above with a tuft of long hairs on each side; they

appear to be capable of being entirely retracted within the abdo-

men. The structure of the scales and hairs, within the fold of the

inner margin of the posterior wings, is very remarkable. The

scales are oval, much like those of the peculiar spots on the wings

of some species of Colias and Callidryas, very faintly striate. The

hairs are jointed, composed of striated cylinders, much resembling

the spines of an Hchinus, easily detached one from the other, and

then appearing like small cylindrical scales. On this subject I

shall have more to say at a future time, as also on the characters

of the abdomen.

Genus ERATEINA.

Heap small, round, the forehead clothed with appressed scales,

the vertex between the antennz with a tuft of elongate scales,

not closely appressed. yes rather small, round, not remarkably

prominent. Mazxille about equal in length to the whole body.

Labial palpi small, much curved, ascending, parallel, scaly ; the

scales in front at the base elongate, more or less erect; behind

and towards the apex in front short, appressed ; first joint stout,

sub-cylindric, much curved, the apex obliquely truncate; second

joint of about equal length, slenderer, less curved, sub-cylindric,

smaller towards the apex; third joint one-third the length of the

second, obovate, and slightly pointed. Antenne not quite so long

as the body, simple, the joints short, scaly on the back, thickly

set at the sides and within with very delicate, short, erect hairs.

Tuorax rather small, oval, the prothorax exceedingly short. 4n-

terior nings trigonate, the apex very slightly rounded, the margins

but little rounded, the anterior one-half longer than the inner

margin, this latter rather shorter than the outer margin. Costal

nervure extending beyond the middle of the anterior margin.

Sub-costal nervure throwing off its first nervule before the end of

the cell, then bending downwards, and again rising to unite for a

short distance with its first nervule, thus forming a small elongate

cellule. Second, third and fourth sub-costal nervules united at

their origin, the second separating itself at a point nearer to their

common origin than the point where the third and fourth separate

from each other ; the fourth terminating at the apex ; the fifth, on

112 Mr. E. Doubleday’s Description

the outer margin, considerably below the apex. Cell less than half

the length of the wing. Upper disco-cellular nervule wanting ; the

first discoidal nervule, arising from the sub-costal nervure, near

the end of the cellule formed by its junction with the first sub-

costal nervule. Middle disco-cellular nervule arising before the

origin of the first discoidal nervule, straight, shorter than the Jower

disco-cellular, which is first directed immediately across the wing,

then outwards to the third median nervule, which makes a slight

angle at the point of union, First median nervule thrown off at a

point about half as distant from the end of the cell as from the

base of the wing, slightly curved downwards, as is the second.

Third median nervule slight, curved upwards. Posterior mings

elongate, caudate, dentate externally ; or somewhat quadrate, cau-

date or rounded ; the inner margin in the males (of some species

at least) folded back upon the under surface of the wing, forming

a semi-oval lobe, the inside of which is lined with scales or jointed

hairs of a very singular structure. Precostal nervure extending

beyond the margin of the wing, in the form of a short, stout bristle,

simple in the males, divided at the termination in the females, not

received in either sex into a socket on the under surface of the

upper wings. Costal nervure separating from the sub-costal at

the base of the wing, then uniting to it for some distance, so as to

form a small triangular cellule, again separating from it, and ter-

minating beyond the middle of the inner margin. First sub-costal

nervule terminating at the outer angle of the wing. Discoidal

nervure thrown off from the sub-costal nervure at right angles to

it, a little above its division into its two nervules, then bent at a

right angle, and directed towards the outer margin of the wing,

slightly bent where the short lower disco-cellular is united to it.

Third median nervule slightly bent at the point where it receives

the lower disco-cellular. Anterior feet, with the femur, nearly

twice as long as the tibia, slightly dilated in the middle. ‘Tibia

short, armed within, about the middle, with a stout slightly curved

spine, extending to the apex or nearly so, and covered in the males

(of some species at least) by a tuft of long curled hairs. ‘Tarsi

with all the joints sub-cylindric, spiny laterally and below, except

the fifth, which is bare below; the first joint longer than the rest

combined, second about one-third the length of the first, third

about half the length of the second, fourth and fifth nearly equal,

rather more than two-thirds the length of the third. Claws curved,

serrate internally about the middle, the base covered with a tuft

of stiff hairs. Paronychia sub-ovate, fringed with long hairs.

Pulvillus broad, not so long as the claw. Middle and posterior

of some new Species of Geometride. 113

legs with the femora rather shorter than the tibia, the latter

slender, sub-cylindric, rather stouter at the apex than at the

base, armed within, beyond the middle, with two moderately stout

moveable spines, and two similar ones at the apex. ‘Tarsi longer

than the tibia, similar in their structure to those of the anterior

pair. Aspomen short, slender, curved, the base with a cavity on

each side, within which may be seen a drum-like membrane. Last

segment, in the males at least, furnished with two broad valves,

lined inside with hair, and surmounted by a tuft of long hairs on

each side. i

The genus is divisible into three sections founded on the cha-

racters of the posterior wings. In the first section they are

elongate, caudate, externally dentate, the tail being formed by a

prolongation of the first and second median nervules, reminding

us of the hind wings of Diorhina Rhetus and its allies.

This section seems to be confined to the more northern parts

of South America, as I have only seen the specimens collected

by Mr. Dyson.

The second section has the posterior wings subquadrate, the

second and third median nervules being prolonged so as to give

an angular character to the outer margin. ‘This structure re-

minds us of the genus Ancyluris.

The third section has the posterior wings obovate, and in some

respects reminds us of Eurygona Ouranus.

The generic details, which will be given conjointly with some

figures illustrative of the peculiar scales and hairs of the posterior

wings, are from a specimen of Erateina Zoraida, the only species

I have had an opportunity of dissecting. I may here express my

hope that Lepidopterologists will for the future be more careful

to preserve the legs of their specimens. In drawing up the

generic characters given above I have had considerable trouble

owing to want of care in this respect on the part of the collectors

of the specimens.

Sect. 1.

Sp. 1. Er. Zoraida.

Er, Alis omnibus supra cervino-fuscis, anticis linea media flex-

uosa, transversa, alba, posticis fascia lata margineque externo

cinnabarinis.

Exp. alar. 1 unc. 7 lin. vel 40 mill.

Hab. Venezuela. (Tab. XII. fig. 1, 1a, 2.)

Head black ; the orbits of the eyes white, the palpi striped with

white; antenne black; thorax fawn-coloured. Anterior and

114 Mr. E. Doubleday’s Description

posterior wings above of a fuscous brown, more or less tinged

with fawn colour, especially towards the base of the wings, the

colour varying with the direction of the light. The anterior

wings are crossed about the middle by a flexuous white band,

commencing below the subcostal nervure, and terminating slightly

before the anal angle. The posterior wings are crossed by a sub-

marginal band ofa dull cinnabar colour, narrow, almost pointed at its

commencement near the outer angle, broad at its termination on the

inner margin above the anal angle; sending off two short branches to

the outer margin. Outer margin cinnabar-coloured. The under

surface of the anterior wings has the base of a dull cinnabar colour,

striped longitudinally with white, the cell is crossed by a slightly

silvery white band, and the discocellular nervule is marked by a

short band of the same colour; the band of the upper surface is

represented by a similiar band, extending however to the costa,

and to the inner margin, of a paler colour at both its origin and

termination, than on the disc ; and bordered externally with black.

Between this band and the outer margin is a pale ash-coloured

line bordered externally with black, the inner margin towards the

base is broadly silvery ash-coloured. Posterior wings of the male

having the inner margin reflexed at the base, forming a semioval

fold, partially covering the disc of the wing; this fold externally

is of a cinnabar brown, delicately edged with silvery white, marked

near the base with silvery spots, and within its margin by a delicate

silvery white line; internally it is lined with silky hairs. Imme-

diately beyond this fold the wing is of a dull cinnabar colour;

marked irregularly with white, beyond which are two transverse

bands, the first of an ashy white, the second of a cinnabar colour,

beyond these bands the wings are of a cinnabar brown clouded,

with the outer margin marked with dull white spots, and the

outer angle with a dash of the same colour. The female differs

from the male in wanting the fold, and having the base streaked

alternately with cinnabar and whitish. Legs ash-coloured. Ab-

domen fawn-coloured, ringed with white.

Sp. 2. Lr. Ianthe.

Er. Alis anticis cervinis, coste basi cinnabarina, posticis basi

subcinnabarinis, tunc rufo-aurantiacis, fascia submarginali ex-

terne dentata nigra,

Exp. alar. 1 unc. 7 lin. vel 40 mill.

Hab. Venezuela. (Tab. XII. fig. 3, 4.)

Head black, orbits of the eyes white. Palpi striped with white.

Antenne black. Thorax greyish fawn-coloured. Anterior wings

of some new Species of Geometride. 115

above fawn-coloured, the base of the costa and the median ner-

vule cinnabar-coloured. Posterior wings cinnabar-coloured at the

base, the inner margin and the base furnished with some long

fawn-coloured hairs, the middle crossed by a broad band of a

reddish orange, narrowed near the costa; beyond this is a broad,

black, submarginal band, reaching from the outer to the inner

angle, sending out two short branches to the outer margin, and a

broad one to the tail; the outer margin cinnabar-coloured, inner

margin marked with a round black dot at the anal angle. The

under surface of the anterior wings is white at the base, marked

with three or four cinnabar-coloured vittee. The costa is yellow-

ish; the dise is crossed by a cinnabar-coloured band, becoming

narrower towards the inner margin, marked at the end of the cell

with a short white vitta; this band is followed by a white one,

extending from the costa to the anal angle ; beyond this band the

wings are of a cinnabar brown, freckled with ashy white, and

crossed by a band of the same colour. ‘The posterior wings have

the under surface white from the base beyond the middle, more

or less marked with narrow cinnabar-coloured lines, then follows

a rufous orange band, bordered externally near the outer angle

with greyish ash colour, and beyond this with black; the remain-

der of the wings is of a deep cinnabar hue, the outer margin with

three white lunules, separated by two black dots; the tip and

inner side of the tail each with a white dot, separated by a black

one, another white spot at the termination of the orange band, and

above this a black one. Legs greyish. Abdomen ash-coloured,

ringed with white.

This species is easily known from the preceding by the want of

the flexuous white band of the anterior, and the cinnabar-coloured

base of the posterior wing. The specimen figured Tab. XII. fig. 4,

I have considered only a variety of this species, but it possibly is

distinct from it. Above it has two slight transverse reddish bands,

beyond the middle of the anterior wings, which approximate as

they approach the anal angle, less red on the median nervure, and

a slight tinge of red on the sub-median ; the posterior wings have

a black dash on the anterior margin, and more black at the anal

angle than in the true Hr. Janthe. Below, the base of both wings

is more distinctly marked with cinnabar-brown vitte. If distinct,

I propose for it the name of Fr. Iphis.

Sp. 3. Er. Julia.

Er. Alis anticis fuscis, basi cervinis, fascia transversa media,

VOL. V. P

116 Mr. E. Doubleday’s Description

alba, hyalina ; posticis luteis, basi cervinis, fascia lata externe

dentata, submarginali nigra.

Exp. alar. 1 unc. 9 lin. vel 45 millim.

Hab. Venezuela. (Tab. XII. fig. 5, 5a.)

Head white, the forehead with two black lines uniting on the

vertex. Palpi white, lined with black. Antenne black exter-

nally, white internally. Thorax greyish ash or fawn-coloured,

with four black longitudinal lines, the prothorax white. Anterior

wings fuscous above, the base fawn-coloured, the disc crossed by

a semi-transparent whitish band, commencing on the costa beyond

the cell, and terminating almost in a point a little above the anal

angle. Posterior wings above bright luteous, the base fawn-

coloured, the outer margin with a rather broad black band, com-

mencing on the costa, occupying the outer angle, and terminating

at the anal angle, sending off a branch which terminates before

the end of the tail, and having two short teeth extending to the

outer margin. The inner margin has two dark spots about the

middle; the outer margin is bright luteous, except where touched

by the black of the submarginal band. The anterior wings have

the lower surface yellowish white at the base, with five longitu-

dinal cinnabar-coloured vitte, the inner margin pale fuscous, the

rest of the wing of a cinnabar hue crossed by two bands; the first

the white sub-diaphanous band, common to both surfaces, the

second nearer to the outer margin, narrower, pale ash colour.

Cilia fuscous. The posterior wings have the lower surface streaked

at the base with yellowish white, the middle crossed by a whitish

band, tinged with yellow, bordered with luteous yellow beyond

the second sub-costal nervule, bent almost at a right angle where

it crosses the first median nervule, terminating on the inner mar-

gin above a rounded black dot; near the outer angle is an abbre-

viated, slender, pale fascia, terminating before reaching the dis-

coidal nervule, beyond which are two or three small black clouds ;

the outer margin is marked with two black spots, and there are

two similar spots, one at the anal angle, one on the inner side of

the tail. Legs greyish. Abdomen ringed alternately with pale

greyish and fawn-coloured.

I have named this beautiful insect after the wife of one of the

most amiable and talented of French Entomologists. Those who

have read the Letires @ Julie will agree with me in the opinion

that there does not exist a better elementary work on Entomology,

and certainly none in which science is so delightfully intermingled

with love and poetry; and those who, like myself, have been ho-

of some new Species of Geometridae. 117

noured by the friendship of their author will know how to appre-

ciate the candour, the kindness, and the unaffected simplicity so

conspicuous in his writings.

Sect. 2.

Sp. 4. Er. Neera.

Er. Alis omnibus supra nigris, basi cervino-tinctis, anticis vitta

basali alba, fascia pone medium transversa, abbreviata dia-

phana, lineis duabus submarginalibus ochraceis; posticis vitta

media, maculisque marginalibus albis.

Exp. alar. 1 unc. 6 lin. vel 38 millim.

Hab. Bolivia. (Tab. XII. fig. 6.)

Head black, orbits of the eyes white, antenne black. Thorax

fawn-coloured. Anterior wings above fuscous black, the base

fawn-coloured, with a white dash below the median nervure, the

disc with an abbreviated and transparent fascia; beyond which, near

the costa, is a comma-shaped ochreous dot, from which proceed

two slender lines of the same colour, reaching about to the first

median nervule. Posterior wings above with a rather broad

white vitta, occupying the disc, and four white spots on the outer

margin. The under surface of both the anterior and posterior

wings is cinnabar-coloured, the base streaked with white, the

two ochreous lines of the anterior wings replaced by a band of

that colour, divided by an ash-coloured line. The posterior wings

have several discoidal, lunate white spots, and towards the margin

a flexuous, ochre-coloured band, divided by a grey line. Legs

ash-coloured. Abdomen fawn-coloured, ringed with white.

Sect. 3.

Sp. 5. Er. Cynthia. .

Er, Alis omnibus supra fuscis, anticis macula disci diaphana ;

posticis disco maculisque marginalibus albis.

Exp. alar. 1 unc. 1 lin. vel 26 millim.

Hab. Bolivia. (Tab. XII. fig. 7, 7a.)

Head black, orbits of the eyes white, antenne black. Thorax

black. Anterior wings above fuscous black, with a large diapha-

nous spot beyond the cell, divided by the discoidal and third

median nervules. Posterior wings fuscous black, the whole disc

occupied by a large white patch; the cilia black, spotted with

white. The lower surface of the anterior wings is varied with

cinnabar and ochre-colour, the former colour predominating on

118 Mr. E. Doubleday’s Description of Geometridae.

the costa and outer margin. The posterior wings of the males

have the inner margin reflexed, forming a semi-oval lobe, the ex-

terior surface of which is of a silvery white, the wings beyond

this lobe silvery white, with a small cinnabar spot opposite the

middle of the fold; the outer margin broadly cinnabar-coloured,

clouded with yellowish, the cilia spotted with white. Legs fuscous,

the tibiz and tarsi ringed with white. Abdomen black, with

white rings.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XII.

Fig. 1. Erateina Zoraida, g.

la. op ” ” under surface.

2. Erateina Zoraida, 9.

3. Erateina Ianthe.

4, Erateina lanthe, Var.? (Er. Iphis.)

5. Erateina Julia.

5a. a »» under surface.

6. Erateina Neara. The base of the anterior wings is coloured

rather too dark. The specimen has been considerably rubbed

by the captor, but appears to have had rather more of the

fawn colour than the artist has represented.

7. Erateina Cynthia, @.

7a. 5 m »» under surface.

The generic details will be given on a future plate, with the

figures of the scales and hair of the posterior wings, of which I

hope soon to have a notice before the Society.

Mr. W. Wing’s Description of some Lepidoptera. 119

XXIX. Description of some Hermaphrodite British Lepi-

doptera, with Figures of the Insects. By William Wing,

Esq. (Pl. XIV. fig. 2—9.)

[Read July 3, 1848.]

Many instances have been recorded of insects that have exhibited

the characters of both sexes, as well in the colours and markings

on the wings and body as in the form of different parts; and as a

few specimens of these among the Lepidoptera have come to my

knowledge, I have thought it desirable that accurate figures and

descriptions of these specimens should also be published. I have

therefore drawn up short notices of their principal characters,

which I now beg to lay before the Society, presenting therewith a

plate of delineations of the insect.

Colias Edusa (F1. X1V. fig. 2). In this insect the left side is that

of the male, and the right side, as indicated by the size and form

of the wings, is female, further distinguished by the marginal

yellow spots in the anterior wing of that side.

This specimen was captured at Riddlesdown, near Croydon,

Surrey, August, 1847, and is now in the possession of 8. Stevens,

Esq.

Anthocharis Cardamines (P|. XIV. fig. 3). In this species the

characters of the two sexes are very conspicuous. The bright

orange spot on the left anterior wing strongly contrasts with the

clear colour of the right wing, which also has the black spot

the largest, as is always the case in the female. There is also a

striking difference in the relative sizes of the wings of the two

sides, the female being the largest.

This specimen was taken near London, and is now in the pos-

session of H, Doubleday, Esq., to whom I am indebted for the

loan of it, and also of the following specimen.

Smerinthus Populi (Pl. XIV. fig. 4). In this instance the left

antenna, wings and side of the body are most distinctly masculine,

while those of the right are of the other sex. ‘There is a marked

longitudinal line of distinction between the two sides on the dorsal

surface of the abdomen; and the colours and markings on the

wings are darker and more distinct on the left side, and are those

VOR. V. Q

120 Mr. W. Wine’s Description

peculiar to the male, while those on the wings of the right side are

as characteristic of the female; the antenna on the left side is

broad and densely pectinated as in the male, while that on the

right is narrow and setaceous. The abdomen of the male insect

of this species, as is well known, is always smaller in diameter

than in the female, and densely tufted at the anus, and this is pre-

cisely the case in that half of the specimen in question which

exhibits the characters of the former sex.

This specimen was taken at Witham, in Essex.

Diaphora Mendica (P}. XIV. fig. 5). This specimen has the

form of the wings, body and antennz of the male, but the colour

and markings of the female. The male of this species, as ento-

mologists are aware, is dark ash colour, with black spots, while

the female is cream colour, with similar markings, like the spe-

cimen figured.

Taken by Mr. Nicholas Cooke, near Dublin, June, 1842.

Orgyia Antiqua (Pl. XIV. fig. 6) is an imperfectly developed

hermaphrodite, which had not fully expanded the upper wing on

the right side, which in this case is that of the male, as shown by

the large pectinated antenna and the fully developed posterior

wing; the antennz on the left side being setaceous as in the

female, and the wings also rudimentary as in that sex.

It was reared by the late Mr. Henry Longley, from the larva,

and presented since his death to the British Museum.

Acronycta Aceris (Pl. XIV. fig. 7). The left side, together with

the whole of the body, is distinctly of the form and colour of the

male of this species, while the right wings have the colour and

fainter markings of the female.

It was reared from a pupa, and kindly presented to me by

E. Doubleday, Esq.

Biston Prodromaria (P1. XIV. fig. 8). The wings and whole of

the body appears to have the characters of the male, but the

right antenna is that of the female; the difference of wings in the

sexes of this species is scarcely to be perceived.

It was taken in Dunham Park, Cheshire, in April, 1840, by R.

Edleston, Esq., to whose kindness I am indebted for the oppor-

tunity of figuring it, and also of the following insect, and Diaphora

Mendica.

of some Hermaphrodite British Lepidoptera. 121

Nyssia Zonaria (Pl. XIV. fig. 9). The characters are entirely

those of the female, with the exception of the antenna on the left

side male; the rudiments of the wings are longer on the left side.

It was taken by Mr. B. Cooke, at New Brighton, March, 1838.

XXX. Extracts from a Paper by Zeller published in

the Linnea Entomologica, vol. 3, on the “ Leaf-mining

Tine, with Eye-Caps” (Augendeckeln), with Remarks

by H. T. Stainton, Esq.

[Read July 3, 1848.]

My object being to draw attention to the different species and

their habits, in order to lead to the discovery in this country of

those which are still unknown to us, I shall merely quote the

distinguishing characters of those species not previously described

as indigenous. Zeller’s paper includes the following genera:

Lyonetia, Phyllocnistis, Cemiostoma, Opostega, Bucculatrix, Nep-

ticula, Trifurcula, and Tischeria, corresponding to portions of our

genera Argyromiges, Microsetia, and Aphelosetia.

In his genus Lyonetia he has four species, two of which only

are known to us.

“Sp. 1. Clerckella, Linn.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 252.

Vol. 2, pl. 2, f. 27—30.

This is the species described by me under this name in the

Zoologist, p. 2159, and identical with the awéuwmnella of Curtis, and

the nivella and semiaurella of Stephens, which latter is the variety

ereella of Treitschke.

‘“‘ This species is very widely dispersed, and probably abundant

in many places, but not sufficiently observed.

“The first specimens in the year I beat from birch in the first

days of May, but scarce and only the varieties. After that,

Clerckella flies from June through the whole of the summer and

autumn, I beat it abundantly from the wild apple and pear ; but

mostly from birch bushes.

“The variety @reella, not scarce in several places in Tuscany

in March, April and June (Mann).”

It appears thus, from Zeller and Mann’s observations, that the

variety creella (our semiaurella) occurs in the early spring in

March, April and May, but not the typical Clerckella; the same

Q 2

122 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Remarks on Extracts

thing has been observed in this country, and the specimens taken

in March and April have, I believe, always the appearance of

hybernated specimens. Several specimens of semiaurella were

beat out of fir-trees at West Wickham, by Messrs. Douglas and

Bedell at the end of March this year (1848).

“ Sp. 2. Prunifoliella, Hiibn.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 259.

This is the Clerckella of the Linnean Cabinet.

“‘ Certainly distinct from the preceding; larger, and distin-

guished by the oblique brown dorsal streak, curved posteriorly,

on the anterior wings, and the entirely differently-coloured apex

of the wing.”

“ Scarce, but widely dispersed ; I took one on the 7th of Au-

gust in a garden at Berlin, one near Glogau on the 7th July, on

a fence, and one on the 29th July, on the Reinerz Seefeldern,

(salt marshes ?) where, as far as I know, no Prunus grows.”

“Sp. 3. Padifoliella, Hiibn.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 261.

This species is described by me in the “ Zoologist,” p. 2160,

under this name; it is taken in the autumn at Whittlebury. It

appears much rarer on the continent; Zeller had only seen four

specimens, and states that he was greatly in doubt whether it was

not a variety of prunifoliella, in the same way as ereella, Tr. is

of Clerckella.

“* Mann took several specimens in June, 1835, near Reichstadt

in Bohemia, on Prunus padus; in the Prater, near Vienna, in July,

onelms.” ‘ Bouché bred it in Berlin from birch leaves.”

“ Sp. 4. Pulverulentella, F. v. R.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 263.

«« This species, of the size and form of the preceding, only with

the anterior wings rather broader, is distinguished by the want of

distinct markings, particularly by the pale apex of the wing.”

** The specimen in Fischer's Collection was from Bohemia; that

now before me, from Mann’s, was taken alone on an ash at Tivoli,

near Vienna, in June, 1842. Both specimens are males.”

In Zeller’s genus Phyllocnistis he has only two species, both

probably occurring in this country.

“Sp. 1. Suffusella, Z.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 266.

Vol. 2, pl. 2, f. 31—34.

“ Rather larger than saligna; differs from it by wanting the

from a Paper by Zeller on Tinee. 123

brown double line which springs from the base of the anterior

wings in the latter.”

“‘ This species occurs near Vienna (F. R.); in Italy (near Pra-

tovecchio in Tuscany, at the end of March, common—Mann),

where its food, without doubt, is the Lombardy poplar; and near

Berlin, Frankfort and Glogau (very abundant), and Warmbrunn in

Silesia. It flies, after having passed the winter in the pupa state,

not altogether scarce, in May, then abundant at the end of June,

and through the following months to the end of September, pro-

bably even in October. It frequents poplar woods, from the

boughs of which they are beaten morning and evening, and very

easily caught. They sit on leaves, stems of trees, and fences.”

‘Sp. 2. Saligna, Z.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 270.

This species is described by me in the “ Zoologist,” p. 2158,

as the cerasifoliella of Htibner, and I there give as synonymes

Stephens’ wnipunctella, and Zeller’s figure of the preceding, not

being at all aware there were two species so closely allied. But

as Stephens makes no mention of the brown double line proceed-

ing from the base of the wings, his description cannot apply to

this species, and is more applicable to the preceding ; and Hub-

ner’s figure of cerasifoliella also wants the double lines, and is

probably identical with the preceding, therefore his name certainly

cannot be applied to this species, and that of Zeller’s must be re-

tained. Wood’s figure represents this species. We probably

have both species in this country, but I am not aware of having

seen any specimens of suffusella.*

“This species differs from the preceding in being smaller, and

especially by the brown double line, which goes from the base of

the anterior wings to the middle of the disk.

** This species is just as plentiful as the preceding, and flies on

calm, warm, or even cool evenings, at the end of April and in

May, then from the middle of June to late in the autumn. It

only flies among willow-bushes.”

In Zeller’s genus Cemiostoma he has three species, two of which

occur here.

“ Sp. 1. Spartifoliella, Hibn.” Linn, Ent. vol. 3, p. 273.

Vol. 2, pl. 2, f. 35—39.

This is the species described by me, under this name, in the

* Zoologist,” p. 2158, and is the spartifoliella of Stephens, and

the punctaurella of Haworth.

* Since writing the above I have obtained a specimen of suffusella, which I

beat off a Lombardy poplar, at Lewisham, on the evening of the 25th of June.

124 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Remarks on Extracts

“ Sp. 2. Zancleella, Z.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 277.

“‘ This species is considerably smaller than the preceding, and

easily distinguished from it by the want of the yellow costal streak

beyond the middle of the anterior wings.

“ Of Zancleella (placed, in my descriptions of Italian species, as

an Opostega without a name) I took two specimens near Messina

in March and April, which I took for our spartifoliella. The

place in which I beat them from the bushes of Arbutus unedo and

Cytisus triflorus, contains, as far as I recollect, no Spartium jun-

ceum. Probably this scarce species feeds on the Cytisus.”

“Sp. 3. Scitella, Metzn.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 278.

This species, the Clerckella of Stephens, is described by me

under the name of scitella, in the Zoologist, p. 2157.

In Zeller’s genus Opostega (as now restricted), he has four spe-

cies, of which two are known to us.

“ Sp. 1. Salaciella, Tischer.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 280.

Vol. 2, pl. 2, f. 42, 43.

This species is briefly described by me in the Zoologist, p.

2081, in a note. It is the cygnipennella of Mr. Bentley’s and

many other cabinets.

« This is easily recognized in this genus by the spotless, snow-

white anterior wings. It would be most readily confounded with

the ¢ LHlach. cygnipennella, which, being generally smaller than

its ¢, comes very near to salaciella in size; but the quite simple

antenne of cygnipennella, not being provided with an enlarged

joint at the base, readily distinguish it.”

** Salaciella, discovered near Dresden by Tischer, is very

scarce near Nixdorf, in Bohemia, and also occurs, according to

Treitschke, near Vienna; and, according to Herrich Schaffer, near

Ratisbon.”

“ Sp. 2. Reliquella, Z.” Linn. Ent, vol. 3, p. 282.

** Hitherto I had considered a single female as a variety of

crepusculella, in which the spot at the apex of the wing was

wanting ; however, the streaks in the middle of the costa and

inner margin are also wanting, and the yellowish transverse streak

at the apex is nearly straight. Besides, I have since obtained a

male similarly marked, so that I can no longer doubt its being a

distinct species. Crepusculella and auritella are easily recog-

from a Paper by Zeller on Tinee. 125

nized by the black spot at the apex of the anterior wings. Sala-

ciella has not a yellowish transverse streak; and the yellowish

tint, though certainly in the same place as in reliquella, is very

indistinct, and only visible in certain lights.”

““T took my very beautiful 2 near Glogau, on the 20th of

June, on a grassy slope under aspen trees: my equally fine ¢ near

Reinerz, on an open grass-plat, on the 16th of July, thus much

later than the female.”

“ Sp. 3. Auritella, Hibn.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 283.

Not the auritella of Stephens (which is the next species), and

I believe not hitherto detected in this country.

‘* Size of the largest salaciella, easily distinguished from this

and the second and fourth species, by the rather large brown

inner marginal spot on the anterior wings.”

* I obtained a pair from Mecklenburg.” ‘ A single ? was

taken near Frankfort-on-the-Oder on the 25th of June, ina field,

on a thistle,”

“Sp. 4. Crepusculella, F. v. R.” Linn, Ent. vol. 3, p. 284.

Vol. 2, pl. 2, f. 40, 41.

This is the auritella of Stephens, and Wood’s figure 1416 re-

presents the species very distinctly.

“This species occurs near Reichstadt, in Bohemia, where,

according to F. v. R.’s notice, it flies in July, on the margins of

ponds, from half-past seven to eight, neither earlier nor later.

Near Glogau I found it in moist shady places in alder or other

leafy woods, in the second half of June and in July, always scarce

and singly, yet not always at twilight, but in cloudy weather also

in the afternoon. [t keeps quite low in grass and weeds.”

In Zeller’s genus Bucculatrix he has nine species, five of which

are decidedly British.

“ Sp. 1. Cidarella, Tischer.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 287.

“« Easily distinguished in this genus by the brown anterior

wings, with two pair of whitish opposite spots.”

I must confess to some uneasy doubts, whether this be not

identical with my Demaryella (Zoologist, p. 2157); but on a very

close examination of my single specimen, I have been unable to

discover any eye-caps, but the hairs of the head are so long, it is

quite possible they may be there, but concealed: the hinder tibiz

126 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Remarks on Extracts

are certainly clothed with long hairs, as Zeller describes cida-

rella; but he makes no mention of an indistinct basal streak, and

in the disposition of the spots there are several discrepancies. His

insect frequents alders in May, June and July.

“This little known species occurs in Bohemia very rarely

(F. v. R.); in Saxony, near Schandau, (Tischer); near Glogau,

on alder bushes, in May, and the beginning of June, scarce; pro-

bably also in July, in Prussia, near Dantzic, (Tiedemann) ; and

in Livonia, at Kohenhusen, (Lienig); in Tuscany, near Prato-

vecchio, at the beginning of June, on the stems of alders,

(Mann).”

“ Sp. 2. Ulmella, Mann.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3. p. 288.

This is the species described by me as Sircomella, in the Zoo-

logist, p. 2162. As this description was only published on the Ist

of July, and Zeller’s description is already published, and in this

country (June 13th), Sircomella must sink, and the name of

ulmella be retained. This is the cuculipennella, var. 6 of Ha-

worth.

“Sp. 3. Crategi, Z.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 290.

This is the species described by me in the Zoologist, p. 2161,

under the name of crategifoliella, and is the cuculipennella var.

y of Haworth.

“ Sp. 4. Boyerella, Dup.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 291.

Vol. 2, pl. 2, f. 44—46.

This is the species described by me under this name in the

Zoologist, p. 2161, and is the cuculipennella of Haworth and

Stephens.

«Sp. 5. Gnaphaliella, Tr.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 293.

* On the whole resembles the preceding, but readily distin-

guished by the concolorous, brownish-grey antennz.” In Boyer-

ella they are white, with brown annulations.

“« This species occurs near Dresden, abundant near Berlin and

Glogau, in sandy places, amongst Gnaphalium arenarium. It ap-

pears first at the end of May, and in June and July, and again at

the end of August and in September. In the day they sit con-

cealed at the foot of the plants, but at evening or in rainy weather

it is easily beaten out.”

from a Paper by Zeller on Tinee. 127

“ Sp. 6. Frangulella, Goeze.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 295.

This is the species described by me, (Zoologist, p. 2160,) as

rhamnifoliella, Tischer, (described by Fischer), which name, how-

ever must sink, Goeze’s name having priority by more than forty

years. Goeze does not describe the species himself, but refers to

De Geer’s description and figure. The name, as it appears in his

Entom. Beitrage, vol. 4, p. 169, is frangutella, which is evidently

a misprint for frangulella.

“‘ Sp. 7. Hippocastanella, Dup.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 297.

This is the éléella, Dale, (in litteris), and has not yet been

described as British. Mr. Dale took his specimens in Leigh

Woods, near Bristol, May 20th, 1845, flying amongst limes.

‘‘ The fine brown long line on the yellow anterior wings, from

the middle to the apex of the wing, well distinguishes this

species.”

“‘ This species is very abundant near Berlin, on old chesnut

trees and limes.” ‘I found it solitarily near Glogau, in a wood,

and at Probsthainer Spitzberge; in both places only on lime

trees.” © It oceurs in Silesia, also near Warmbrunn.” “ In Li-

vonia, where Madame Lienig found the larve on limes, birches,

and alders.” ‘The perfect insect flies in May and June, and

must, since Madame Lienig observed a second brood of the larva,

fly a second time in July and August.”

“ Sp. 8. Nigricomella, Z.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 299.

Vol. 2, pl. 2, f. 47.

«The very shiny, nearly bronze-coloured anterior wings, and

the black hairs on the head, are peculiar to this among all its

congeners.”

I was at first strongly inclined to imagine this our atricapitella,

but the size, “ nearly the size of gnaphaliella,” (which latter

species Zeller compares to Boyerella,) appears to me an insur-

mountable objection; added to which, Zeller says, “‘ Antennz

brownish, with the apex whitish,” a peculiarity that atricapitella

does not possess.

‘© Scarce in Bohemia, near Nixdorf and Reichstadt, in woods, in

June and August; near Glogau likewise it is not abundant;

Madame Lienig also took it in Livonia in May ; Mann took three

specimens near Pisa, on the 19th May, on dry grass-plats.”

128 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Remarks on Extracts

“Sp. 9. Cristatella, F. v. R.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 300.

“ Its concolorous dirty-grey, smooth anterior wings distinguish

our cristatella in this genus; the structure of the antenne dis-

tinguishes it from the much darker Tischeria gaunacella; its much

smaller eye-caps, its smooth face and its narrower anterior wings,

separate it from Trifurcula immundella.”

“It flies in May, on sandy places overgrown with weeds ;

scarce, near Glogau, and easily overlooked, from its keeping so

near the ground. On the 7th of May, 1841, towards evening, I

fell in with a small company, which were swarming at one .spot

in the short grass. On one blade of grass sat a pair in copula,

around which the remainder were flying. Whilst I had hardly

pinned a pair of them, the whole company were as if blown away,

and, notwithstanding a diligent search, I found no more.”

I now come to Zeller’s genus Nepticula, which includes nearly

all our small Microsetie (that genus being very readily divisible

into three sections, of which quadrella, aurella and Pfeifferella

may be considered the types — the aurella section forming the

genera Nepticula and T'rifurcula of Zeller).

These insects, from their extreme smallness and the consequent

difficulty of pinning and setting them, have hitherto been very

much neglected in this country ; indeed, till last year, very many

of our collections had only one or two species. Our knowledge

of them is therefore very limited, and this paper of Zeller’s will be

most useful in assisting us rightly to separate species and unite

the sexes. Zeller has thirteen species of Nepticula.

“ Sp. 1. Samiatella, Z.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 303.

“ Alis anterioribus flavo-virenti-zeneis, apice violascentibus ;

antennarum conchula flavida, capillis maris nigris, feminee

ferrugineis.

* Known by the concolorous, clear-green bronzy anterior wings,

which are violet posteriorly.” Zeller gives as synonymes “ ¢ Mi-

crosetia atricapitella, Haw.— 2 Microsetia ruficapitella, Haw.”

Now to this I cannot agree. Aéricapitella and ruficapitella, I

firmly believe, are distinct species; if I am not mistaken I have

taken more than one pair of atricapitella in copula on a low fence

near Beckenham ; moreover I appear to have both sexes of both

species; besides, ruficapitella is much the commoner, atricapitella

being a rare or probably local species, whereas were it the male

of ruficapitella it should be commoner, or at least equally com-

from a Paper by Zeller on Tine. 129

mon. I take both species on the stems of oaks, but atricapitella

only rarely. ‘Samiatella seems very scarce, according to Zeller’s

remarks. ‘ This small species is still very scarce ; I took a single

one near Glogau, in May, on a leaf, in the sunshine, on the lower

branch of an oak; here it ran quickly on the upper side of the

leaf, here and there, and appeared to seek the honey dew.”

** On the 9th of May, 1847, I found a male in a garden, where

it flew from the bark of a thick chesnut tree into my forceps, and

ran about very briskly. I saw a female from the neighbourhood

of Warmbrunn, in. Silesia. Mann found this species in June,

near Reichstadt, in Bohemia, and near Vienna; also in Tuscany,

near Leghorn and Montenero, on elms, in April.” “ From Bouché

I obtained five specimens, decidedly belonging here, all males.”

* Sp. 2. Subnilidella, F. v. R.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 305.

* Alis anterioribus fuscis, apice violaceis ; posterioribus fla-

vidis cinereo-ciliatis; capillis nigris, conchula antennarum

fuscescentium exalbida (1 ¢ Mus. Mann).

** Distinguished from all the species in this genus, except the

male rufella, by the yellowish posterior wings, but from this

readily distinguished by the deep black head.”

* This flies near Vienna, among young ash trees, in May, very

scarce (Mann).”

Iam not aware that this species has been observed in this

country.

“ Sp. 3. Aurella, Fab.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 306.

* Alis aureis, apice violaceo, fascia postica argyrea (in fem.

utrimque violaceo-inclusa); capillis maris atris, fem, ferru-

gineis ; conchula antennarum fuscescentium pallida (alis

posterioribus maris pilosquamatis).”

* In this species also the anterior wings are shining violet at

the apex, but towards the base golden or bronze, and posteriorly

is a broad, silvery, somewhat of a yellowish tint, thence almost

golden fascia. Lemmniscella has, instead of a golden yellow colour

between the fascia and the base of the wings, only a shining yel-

lowish brown colour, and centifoliella has it of a violet brown.”

‘«‘ T have not found this species common near Glogau; it occurs

in May, on the trunks of elms, in the crevices in the bark, from

which it is difficult to get it out and catch it. I received two ¢

as gratiosella from Vienna, F.R., where it appears not to be

scarce.”

130 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Remarks on Extracts

Among his synonymes Zeller gives posticella, Stephens (he

should have said Haworth), the character of which appears to be

the base of the anterior wings being of a silvery brown. This de-

scription of colour is so very unsatisfactory, and as Haworth him-

self says, ‘‘ A variety of the following (aurella) or merely an old

specimen ;” and as his description, which is the one copied by

Mr. Stephens, was made from only a single specimen, I think we

may safely sink the name posticella. I am well aware that there is a

very general idea that in posticedla the silver fascia is placed more

posteriorly than in auredla; the name certainly would seem to

imply something of this kind, but Haworth makes no comparison

whatever between the two species—his description of aurella

being merely a copy of the Fabrician description. Zeller seems

also to include with this species an insect which is in many col-

lections as pygmeella (though hardly the pygmeella of Haworth,

which appears to have been a small specimen of rujficapitella, as

he makes not the slightest allusion to a silvery fascia), and which

appears to me identical with the ¢ gratiosella, F. v. R. figured

in Duponchel (Supp. pl. 77, fig. 4), and which I cannot but think

a distinct species ; it is little more than half the size of ordinary

specimens of aurella, and frequents hawthorn bushes in May,

flying in the sunshine about the twigs like gnats.

In this insect the anterior wings are of a paler golden at the

base than in aurella, the fascia is nearer the apex and much

straighter, and the head is black apparently in both sexes. The

specimens which I have in my collection as aurella have all red-

dish heads, yet one of them appears to be a male; but I believe I

have seen specimens apparently of the same insect with black

heads.

Note.—Since writing the above I have examined Haworth’s

original specimens of the Microsetie@, in the collection of the

Entomological Society, and find that my conjecture as to pyg-

meella and violaceella being identical with ruficapitella is con-

firmed. His posticella appears distinct from aurella, and the

fascia is placed more posteriorly and is straighter, but neither of

these characters are mentioned in his description, so that I am

still of opinion the name should sink.”

“Sp. 4. Lemniscella, Z.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 313.

*“‘ Alis anterioribus nitide brunneis, apice violaceo, fascia postica

argyrea; capillis (¢ et 9?) ferrugineis, conchula antennarum

albida,

“¢ After having removed, in my collection, as females of the

from a Paper by Zeller on Tinea. 131

preceding, a pair which previously I had considered as this, I pos-

sess only two lemniscella, as a probably distinct species, and have

two of Metzner’s specimens for comparison. This lemniscella is

so like the preceding, that I shall merely mention the difference.

The anterior wings, to the naked eye blackish or brown, are under

alens yellonish brown to the fascia, darkest on the costa, with faint

lustre, and without any mixture of violet or purple colouring.

The fascia is in my small decided female very narrow, and placed

obliquely. Posterior legs with thinner tibize shining clear grey.

Antenne of this specimen brown, on the underside shining yel-

lowish. In the second specimen, which is pasted, and of which

I cannot recognize the sex, they are throughout yellowish.

‘** The two specimens from Metzner, rather larger than mine, I

can only consider as one species, although the one is considered

as lemniscella, the other as hemargyrella. The only difference

they show is, that in demniscella, Metzn., the fascia on the anterior

wings is yellower, and is posteriorly emarginated in the middle,

and that the posterior wings are darker coloured on the surface

and also the cilia. Both appear to me to be males; the abdomen

with one especially is quite thin and flat, and in both it ends with

a yellowish anal tuft, which divides into two longer little tufts.

Their hairs-of-the-head are pale yellow, the eye-caps as usual, the

antenne greyish yellow and shining. On the anterior wings the

cilia from the upper to the lower end of the fascia are clear grey ;

but on their basal half lie broad violet-brown scales, darker at

the end, radiating at the apex of the wing, and there this is some-

what recurved, and in shade is black, so that it makes it appear

as an ocellus. (In my specimens these scales are wanting, and

the cilia pass gradually from the brown tint to gray.) These

belong truly, as males, to demniscella, so this is certainly a dis-

tinct species from the preceding, differing in the males by the

colour of the hairs of the head.”

* Lemniscella is scarce near Glogau on the trunks of elms: of

Metzner’s specimens, one hemargyrella is from Steyermark, the

other from Silesia.”

“ Sp. 5. Centifoliella, V. Heyden.” Linn, Ent. vol. 3, p. 315.

** Alis anterioribus violascenti-fuscis nitidulis, fascia postica ar-

gyrea; capillis ¢ nigris, @ ferrugineis; conchula antenna-

rum pallida parva.”

“This very small species differs from lemniscella by the ante-

rior wings from the base being brownish, and with rather a violet

132 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Remarks on Extracts

tint, which is only a little increased beyond the fascia,—from the

larger following species by the much livelier tint of the fascia,

which with it is also placed further towards the apex of the

wing.”

“ One ¢, two @ agreeing in size, I received from Von Heyden,

from the neighbourhood of Frankfort-on-the-Main, where the

insect was bred in April, May, and August, from the leaves of

the garden rose. Bouché takes it in his garden, at Berlin, some-

times very abundant, and certainly double-brooded.”

I believe this species is the awrella var. ¢ of Haworth, and

exists in several cabinets; I have it, placed as the nigrociliclla of

Stephens, (which however it cannot be, as that insect must be

closely allied to swbbimaculella, if indeed it be a distinct species),

and Mr. Bedell has it under the same name; and, early in June,

this summer, I took several specimens off a low fence near Beck-

enham: the violet tint at the base of the anterior wings readily

distinguishes it from its congeners.

“ Sp. 6. Argentipedella, Z.” Linn, Ent. vol. 3, p. 316.

*‘ Alis anterioribus fuscis, violaceo-nitidulis, fascia paulo post

medium alba; capillis ¢ nigris, 2 ferrugineis; conchula an-

tennarum exalbida majore.”

** Larger than the preceding, sometimes much larger, with very

peculiarly expanded eye-caps, and on the anterior wings, placed

more towards the base, with a shining white, not silvery, fascia,

by which it differs from aurella, lemniscella and centifoliella.”

“ In the very fine pair which I have here described, and with

which eleven specimens received from Bouché agree, the brown-

ish-violet scales on the cilia at the apex of the anterior wings pass

without any distinct margin into brown, but this suddenly into

clear grey; so that the scales are wanting which, radiating from

the apex of the wing, present the appearance of an ocellus. The

male I took on the 17th of May, the female on the 25th of May,

both in birch woods near Glogau.”

*‘ This species mines in the birch leaves near Berlin (according

to Bouché).

This is the medio-fasciella of Haworth; but 1 much doubt

whether Haworth’s description is sufficiently precise to enable his

name to stand. He says, ‘“ Priori* simillima at minor, alis anticis

* The preceding to which he alludes, wnifasciella, is, it appears to me, a faded

specimen of the species called, in this country, Albinella: the head is entirely

wanting, and the wings are very much wasted.

from a Paper by Zeller on Tinea. 133

atris, fascia argentea magis in medio, et certo situ lente aliquan-

talum interrupta. Posticee latiores quam in priore saturatiores,

seu nigro-plumbee.”’

The aliquantulum interrupta gives one of the most decisive cha-

racters of the species, and Haworth’s original specimen is fortu-

nately in very fine condition, and shows this character well.

“ Sp. 7. Argyropeza, Z.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 320.

Vol. 2, pl. 2, f. 49, 50.

* Alis anterioribus grosse nigricanti-squamatis, postice viola-

scenti-subnitidulis, apice rotundato, albido-ciliato, maculis

duabus mediis oppositis albidis; capillis ferrugineis; con-

chula exalbida.”

“©? Var. 6. major; macula costali alarum anteriorum apici

propiori.”

“©? Var. ¢. major; strigula ex costa prope basim obliqua dor-

soque basali albidis, ceterum ut 0.”

-“ Distinct from all the preceding by the head of the male being

similarly coloured to the female. Besides, the anterior wings,

which appear widened and rounded posteriorly, have in the middle

two, not sharply defined, whitish opposite spots; and in the larger

and questionable variety c, another oblique whitish spot on the

costa near the base.”

“1 found this species very abundant on the trunks of aspens

on the fortifications of this place, on the smooth bark of which

they sat, and were easily caught; elsewhere, I have beaten it

from the leaves of young aspens. I know not whether I took the

varieties b, and in company with the ordmary small specimens.—

Period of flight, May. It is probably widely dispersed. It is

taken abundantly near Dantzig, by Von Tiedemann (I have be-

fore me, from him, a wasted but very recognizable ¢ of var. c.)

Madam Lienig took it in Livonia; F. v. R. not scarce in Bo-

hemia.”

This species comes very near to the subbimaculella of Haworth,

but appears to me distinct, for the following reasons, Ist, in sub-

bimaculella the base of the wing is very generally yellowish,

broadest on the inner margin. 2nd, the spots, though placed

apparently in the same position, are yellowish, not whitish. (Ha-

worth must have had a bad specimen before him when he said

“ silvery ;”’ his original specimen labelled by him is by no means

a fine one.) 3rd. The cilia at the apex of the wing are also yel-

134 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Remarks on Extracts

lowish; whereas, in argyropeza, Zeller says, “ Cilia clear-grey,

scarcely tinted, a little yellowish.” 4th. Our insect swarms on oaks

in June; his frequents aspens in May. The second and third

of these differences are commented on by Zeller in a note; but he

says, “ the third and weightiest arises from the want of certainty

that this subbimaculella is a Nepticula, since the genus Microsetia

contains smooth-headed and rough-headed species,—species with

and species without the enlarged basal joint of the antenne ; and

in no species does Stephens inform us of the nature of the parts

of the head.”

“Sp. 8. Intimella, Z.” Linn, Ent. vol. 3, p. 323.

“ Alis anterioribus violaceo-fuscis, macula dorsi medii argentea,

ciliis externe canis; capillis ferrugineis; antennis cum con-

chula exalbidis.”

“A single female, the size of a small argyropeza, and very

similar to the female of that species. Ground-colour of the ante-

rior wings dark violet brown, the cilia at the apex encompassed

with a dark ring of scales. The specific distinctions appear to be

the following: the costal spot is wanting on the anterior wings,

as also the other spot; only, the inner marginal spot is here,

nearly triangular, placed on the margin in its usual situation, but

shining silvery white, &c.”

“I took this single specimen near Glogau; but I know nothing

further about it.’’*

“Sp. 9. Hemargyrella, Koll.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, 323.

“‘ Alis anterioribus exalbidis nitidulis, apice fusco-violaceo ;

capillis pallidis ; antennis fuscescentibus, conchula exalbida.”

« Smaller than argyropeza, easily known from it, since the an-

terior wings are yellowish white from the base to rather beyond

the middle.

«I took this scarce species in May twice on the trunks of

aspens on the fortifications of this place; I saw a single specimen

from the neighbourhood of Laubau, and two others from the

Riesengebirge. Besides it occurs near Vienna in beech woods.

Closely allied apparently to floslactella of Haworth, but in that

species is a distinct black fascia across the yellowish portion of

* Mr. Sircom met with this species among sallows, near Brislington, about

the middle of June, this year.

from a Paper by Zeller on Tinee. 135

the anterior wings, near the middle, of which Zeller makes not the

slightest mention.

** Norr.—I find that Haworth’s jfloslactella, var. 3, wants the

black fascia above alluded to, and is probably therefore identical

with hemargyrella.

“Sp. 10. Sertcopeza, Z.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 325.

Vol. i. pl. 2, f. 48.

‘* Alis anterioribus fuscis, basi, fascia curva media maculisque

duabus oppositis posticis pallidis; capillis ferrugineis, con-

chula albida, antennis fuscescentibus.”

“‘ The size of var. 6 and c of Nept. argyropeza, known by the

yellowish fascia, and the posterior opposite spots of the anterior

wings. The much smaller trimaculella” (he means cursoriella)

‘* wants the fascia, and has only a yellowish streak from the base

along the inner margin. Assimilella is likewise much smaller,

and has, instead of the fascia, a discoidal spot, which is almost

connected with the yellowish base.

“ The equally small rufella has, instead of the yellowish fascia,

near the basal third of the wing clear yellow; but is especially

distinguished from all other species of Nepticula by the red abdo-

men of the male.”

** Occurs in the neighbourhood of Berlin and Vienna. Many

specimens are taken on the trunks of trees in the Thiergarten at

Berlin. Near Vienna, Mann finds it on garden palings under

acacias, in the Prater on maple, first in May, then in July and

August. He took it also near Salviano in Tuscany on maple, at

the beginning of May.”

“This species is also closely allied to floslactella. Indeed

Jloslactella seems exactly intermediate between this and the pre-

ceding, having a dark fascia, which Hemargyrella wants, and

wanting the dark patch (between the yellow base and yellow me-

dial fascia) of sericopeza.

“ Sp. 11. Cursoriella, Heyden.” Linn, Ent. vol. 3, p. 326.

*« Alis anterioribus fuscis, striola dorsi ex basi prodeunte macu-

lisque duabus posticis oppositis flavidis; capillis ferrugineis ;

conchula exalbida, antennis fuscescentibus. (1 2 Mus.

Mann.)” :

“‘ Only a single but very beautiful female, communicated from

V. Heyden to Mann. It appears very like my ¢ of argyropeza,

136 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Remarks on Extracts

which it also resembles in size; but on the anterior wings of

cursoriella the two spots lie more obliquely to one another, and

its inner margin at the base is yellow. ‘The likewise very similar

assimilella wants the inner marginal streak, which also has a

yellowish spot on the disk.

‘© At Frankfort-on-the-Main (V. Heyden) and at Vienna in

the Prater, on fences in June. (Mann.)”

I should have said undoubtedly this was the subbimaculella of

Haworth; but that Zeller says “ cilia clear grey.” The yellow

base (which is so frequently continued on the inner margin), the

yellow spots placed obliquely to one another, are here fully de-

scribed; but Zeller says cilia clear grey (hell grau). Now in

our species they are the same colour as the spots, yellowish.

Zeller gives, as a doubtful synonyme, ¢rimaculella, Haworth,

Steph. Now in the first place the trimaculella of Stephens is not

the trimaculelia of Haworth: it is quite true that Mr. Stephens

has copied Haworth’s description, but he has added to it four

nords, which will not apply to Haworth’s species. At the same

time the remainder of Haworth’s description will hardly apply to

any other species ; so that the description in the Illustrations being

a patchwork concern, half applying to one species and half to

another, is good for nothing. The trimaculella of Haworth is the

rufella of Zeller; and Haworth’s name, having priority, must

stand.

Haworth says (Lepidop. Brit. 583, 82):

« Alis atris, stria lata basi, maculisque duabus posticis flavi-

cantibus.

‘** Habitat forte in populo. Imagoi. Jul. Populi truncis, at raris-

sime. Exemplarium unicum quod cepi sedentem solum vidi.

“ Expansio alarum 2 lin.

* Descriptio: preecedentibus minor. Alz antice atree, strid

latissima emarginata, a basi fere ad medium lutescente, maculisque

duabus posticis oppositis marginalibus fere confluentibus flave-

scentibus.”

Stephens says (Illustr. 4, 267) :

“« Alis anticis atris, stria lata basi, maculisque duabus posticis

flavicantibus.

«* Anterior wings deep black, with a very broad emarginated

yellowish streak, reaching from the base to near the middle or

THE INNER MARGIN, and two spots towards the apex, placed one

on the costa, the other towards the hinder angle and sometimes

nearly confluent: posterior wings dusky black.”

“ Rare: found at the beginning of July in the vicinity of Lon-

don, in gardens.”

from a Paper by Zeller on Tinea. 137

Notr.—This is unfortunately not an isolated instance of Ha-

worth’s good descriptions being spoilt by the interpolation or ad-

dition of two or three words by Mr. Stephens. And Mr. Ste-

phens must not be surprised at continental entomologists criticising

severely his Illustrations, which were written, especially the Micro-

Lepidoptera, in much less time than is absolutely necessary for

the examination of these minute insects. English entomologists,

who have access to Mr. Stephens, are aware that he really does

know a very great deal about insects, and far more than any one,

from studying his Illustrations, could imagine; but foreign ento-

mologists have not the same means of satisfying themselves upon

this point, and therefore Mr. Stephens must excuse their passing

harsh judgments upon him,

“ Sp. 12. Assimilella, Metzn.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 327.

** Alis anterioribus fuscis, basi, macula disci prope eam macu-

lisque duabus posticis oppositis exalbidis ; capillis ferrugineis;

conchula albida, antennis fuscescentibus. (Specim. 2, Mus.

Metzn.)”

“« The size of argyropeza @ differs from that in the yellowish-

white spots on the anterior wings being placed more posteriorly,

and by the presence of a large pale spot on the disk near the base.

Sericopeza is slightly larger, and has, instead of this spot, a fascia.

Rufella ¢ has the entire base, as a very large spot, yellowish.”

«A fine female, and a specimen which wants the posterior

wings and abdomen (so that I can only suspect it to be a female),

were sent me by Metzner to describe; both are from Vienna.”

In possessing three spots on the anterior wings, this offers some

resemblance to Bedell’s quinquella (Zoologist, p. 1986), but in

that insect the odd spot is near the apex; in assimilella it is near

the base; besides all the gquinquella, I have seen, have the head

black, whereas assimilella has it reddish.

“Sp. 13. Rufella, Z. (Scop.?)” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 328.

“ Alis anterioribus fuscis, basi tale maculisque duabus posticis

oppositis pallidis; abdomine pedibusque maris vitellinis,

feminze cinerascentibus.”

‘Very distinct in the male sex, by the egg-yellow coloured ab-

domen, as in Psecad. echiella; the female is known, in this genus,

by the large pale-yellow spot which proceeds from the base of

the anterior wings, and takes up nearly the whole breadth of the

wing.”

R 2

138 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Remarks on Extracts

‘*This scarce species occurs near Glogau, where I took three

specimens, one of which is a female, beating them out of an elm

bush in the middle of May; also near Reichstadt, in Bohemia,

(F. R.), and near Vienna (Metzner). If Scopoli’s Phal. rufella

be identical with my species it occurs also near Laybach.”

I do not think Scopoli’s description is sufficiently precise: he

says—‘“ Anterior wings dirty ashy-grey ; body and legs red; pos-

terior wings very narrow.” He makes no mention of any spots on

the wings. His description of the “ body and legs red” answers

exceedingly well for the male of this species ; and had he omitted

to mention the anterior wings altogether I should have considered

his name entitled to stand, but as it is I think there cannot be two

opinions about the propriety of sinking it.

Haworth’s trimaculella (see description among the remarks on

cursoriella) is manifestly this species, which is found sparingly

near London on the trunks of poplars in May and July, and his

name will stand.

Zeller alludes (p. 330) to some other species of Microsetia of

Stephens, which may belong to this genus; viz. floslactella, viola-

ceella, pygmeella, and sericiella. Floslactella and pygmeella I

have already alluded to: violaceella (described by Haworth from

a single specimen) I conceive to be a fine specimen of ruficapi-

tella: sericiella has nothing whatever to do with this genus, nor

even with the genus Elachista, and is, I believe, identical with the

Tinagma saltatricella, figured in Duponchel’s Supp. vol. iv. pl. 86.

fig. 12.

In Zeller’s genus Trifurcula he has two species.

“ Sp. 1. Pallidella, F.v.R.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 332.

Vol. i. pl. 2, figs. 51, 52.

« Alis anterioribus exalbidis, obscurius grosse squamatis ; pos-

terioribus cinerascentibus, exalbido-ciliatis.”

“ Larger than the following, size of Cemi. spartifoliella ; wings

silky ; the anterior very pale yellowish-white on both sides; on

the upper side with coarse very pale ochreous scales, more nume-

rous towards the apex.”

** Mann discovered this scarce insect, and took it in May and

June, near Tivoli, where it flew heavily among long grass late in

the evening; also near Pisa it frequented the long grass, mixed

with low bushes, in the marshes.”

from a Paper by Zeller on Tinea. 139

“ Sp. 2. Immundella, Z.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 332.

** Alis anterioribus nitidulis, albido-griseis, obscurius grosse

squamatis ; posterioribus griseo-ciliatis.”

** Distinguished from the larger preceding species by its dirty

grey but rather shining colour; from Buccul. cristatella by the

lighter-coloured, coarsely-scaled anterior wings,” “‘ the possession

of a tongue and a quite different neuration of the wings.”

‘This is abundant near Reichstadt, in Bohemia, on oaks, in

July (F. R.). I took it once at Glogau, towards sunset, on the

8th of June, in a birch wood on Spartium scoparium, in company

with Anarsia spartiella and Cemiostoma spartifoliella. Mann ob-

tained some specimens from Spartium, in Tuscany, among the

Apennines, near Pratovecchio.”

This insect is in several cabinets as the pulverella of Bentley,

but I believe has never been described; Bentley's name will

therefore sink and Zeller’s be retained. Zeller first described

this in the Isis, 1839.

Zeller’s genus Tischeria contains five species, two of which

only are known to us, and form part of the genus 4phelosetia of

Stephens.

“Sp. 1. Complanella, Hiibn.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 335.

Vol. i. pl. 2, figs. 53—57.

This is the rufipennis of Haworth, the rufipennella of Stephens,

and abounds on oaks in May and June.

Haworth, however, gives unhesitatingly as a synonyme Tinca

rufipennella, Hiib., which is aGracillaria! and in Stephens’ descrip-

tion is an important error; instead of ‘‘apex palest” it should be

“apex darkest,” as indeed the Latin diagnosis shows: the fulve-

scens of Stephens (Illust. 4, 289) is also this species.

“Sp. 2. Ricciardella, Costa.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 337.

Zeller merely alludes to Costa’s figure and description of this

insect (Faun. Neapol. Tin. p. 16, No. 14, tab. 3, fig. 7), which do

not agree with one another. Zeller had not, I believe, ever seen

the species.

“Sp. 3. Emyella, Dup.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 338.

Undoubtedly the Recurvaria marginea of Haworth, the Aphelo-

setia marginea of Stephens; neither of these authors, however,

make any allusion to the dark spot at the anal angle of the ante-

rior wings. ‘This species is common here in May among oaks,

but seems to occur in Germany only very rarely.

140 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Remarks on Extracts

“Sp. 4. Gaunacella, F. R.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 338.

*“‘ Alis anterioribus virescenti-fuscis, nitidulis, palpis flavidis.”

Rather larger than the former, but much smaller than the fol-

lowing, and distinguished from it by the narrower anterior wings,

and their pale colour without any violet tint. It resembles Buccu-

latrix nigricomella in the anterior wings, but this has a deep black

tuft of hair on the head, and a large clear-yellow eye-cap, and the

consideration of the structure of the antenne always readily dis-

tinguishes this and other more remote concolorous greenish brown

species from our Tischeria.

“ The single female in my collection is the same size as the two

males, and a somewhat violet, Jess yellowish tint of the anterior

wings and concolorous antenne.

* Mann discovered this species at Vienna; he took it also near

Pratovecchio, in Tuscany, on sloe bushes, in the middle of June.”

“Sp. 5. Angusticollella, Heyden.” Linn. Ent. vol. 3, p. 339.

* Alis anterioribus latiusculis, cupreo-fuscis, nitidulis, costa ex

basi chalybea, antennis apice albido.”

“In size this comes next to complanella; differs from the pre-

ceding in the broader, pale coppery brown anterior wings, with

the costa steel-coloured, and the whitish apices of the antenne.”’

** This species was first discovered at Frankfort-on-the-Maine.

From the discoverer Heyden I received a pair bred from the

larve. The larva, the same form as that of complanella, mines in

rose-leaves. Schlager found this species at Jena, in May, on

fences principally under sloe-bushes. In Tuscany it is not very

scarce in May, on sloe-bushes, near Leghorn and Pisa.”

Having now come to the end of Zelier’s paper, I would advise

all my readers to get the “Linnea,” and read Zeller’s own descrip-

tions for themselves. They certainly are models of what descrip-

tions ought to be ; and the plan of mentioning at first what peculiar

character distinguishes each species from its congeners saves much

time to the entomologist, who, having met with a new species,

wishes to find if it has been described by Zeller. I observe we

are promised in the next volume of the “ Linnea” a monograph

by Zeller of the genus Coleophora, corresponding to our Porrectaria,

and a portion of the genus Astyages, the appearance of which will

be anxiously looked for by a large number of entomologists in this

country.

from a Paper by Zeller on Tinee. 141

SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES HEREIN ENUMERATED. *

Synonyms.

Lyonetia........ @lerckellas soreretess nivella, St., semiaurella, St. ;

autumnella, C.

prunifoliella.

padifoliella.

pulverulentella.

Phyllocnistis ....suffusella........unipunctella, St. ?

Salt@na oss eels sl </e1s cerasifoliella, Sta.

Cemiostoma ....spartifoliella...... punctaurella, Haw.; spar-

tifoliella, St.

Zancleella.

Scitelia 2. es ect ete Clerckella, St.

Opostega ...... salaciella.

reliquella.

auritella.

crepusculella......auritella, St.

+Bucculatrix .....cidarella.

Wintel. 632 es c/o eX Sircomella, Sta.

CLACECTL wieuls!ajettee © cratecgifoliella, Sta.

Boyerella........ cuculipennella, Haw., St.

gnaphaliella,

frangulella........ rhamnifoliella, Sta.

hippocastanella. .. .tiliella, Dale.

mgricomella.

cristatella.

Nepticula....... Samiatellag....... atricapitella, Haw., St.

Samiatella? ..c'< <0 ruficapitella, Haw., St.

subnitidella.

AULCM Ads « © sissy sie 6) aurella, Haw., St.

i lemniscella.

centifoliella....... aurella, var. € Haw.

argentipedella.....mediofasciella, Haw,, St.

argyropeza.

intimella,

hemargyrella.....floslactella, var. 6. Haw.

sericopexd.

5 cursoriella ....... subbimaculella, Haw.? St.?

assimilella.

Tufella csc sce <6 ces trimaculella, Haw. (non St.)

* Those in Italics have not yet been discovered in this country ; those with

a t prefixed I am not certain whether they have or not.

142 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Remarks, &c.

Synonyms.

Pariuwpeulad.. 7... pallidella.

immundella .... -pulverella, Bentley.

Mischeria,......... .-complanella..... -rufipennis, Haw.; rufipen-

nella, St.; fulvescens, St.

Ricciardella.

Emyella..........marginea, Haw., St.

gaunacella.

angusticollella.

XXXI. On the Synonyms of Tinea festaliella of Hubner.

By H. T. Stainton, Esq.

[Read 6th November, 1848.]

Few insects have ever had a more perplexed synonymy than this ;

in this country it has been successively referred to two other

Hiibnerian species; and in France, Duponchel has figured another

insect as festaliella, whereas he figures the true festaliella as a new

species. The synonyms of this insect are as follows :—

Tinea festaliella, Hubner, 449.

(cophora festaliella, Treitschke, 10, 3, 213, (non Dup.)

Elachista festaliella, Zeller, Isis, 1839, s. 212, 17.

Elachista festalielia, Lienig, Isis, 1846, s. 299.

Tinea scisscella, Haworth, Lep. Brit. 580, 69, (non Hib.)

N. G. scissella, Stephens’s Cat. 7382.

Chrysocorys scissella, Curtis, Brit. Ent. vol. xiv. pl. 663.

Chrysocorys angustipennella, Stephens’s Mlust. 4, 282, (non Hub.)

Chrysocorys angustipennella, Wood, f. 1402.

Elachista Montandonella, Duponchel, XI. 553, pl. 309, f. 11.

The origin of all this confusion probably arises from the fact of

Hibner’s figure not being a good one; yet the insect certainly

agrees far better with his figure than with that of scissella, No. 270,

and this was remarked by Mr. Curtis.

Treitschke’s description is not good; indeed, Zeller says of it,

“ unkennbar beschrieben” (Isis, 1839, s. 212, 17); but there is

sufficient character about it to recognize the insect.

Zeller’s description, though very short, is precise, and leaves

no doubt upon the mind of the species he intended.

Madame Lienig does not describe the insect, she merely records

its occurrence.

Mr. H. T. Stainton on Synonyms of Tinea festaliella. 143

Haworth describes the insect efficiently, but errs in referring it

to Hiibner’s scissella. The scissella of Hiibner is not known to

recent continental writers; but, judging from his figure, the an-

terior wings are narrower than in festaliella, and, instead of having

two dark lines from the base to the hinder margin, there is but

one, which becomes furcate when it approaches the hinder margin,

not much unlike the insect figured by Duponchel as festaliella.

In Mr. Stephens’s Catalogue we again meet with the insect under

the name of scissella, Hiibner being referred to without any doubt,

and below is given, as a synonyme, ‘“ 7%. angustipennella—?”

In Mr. Curtis’s work appears a correct description and figure of

the insect; and he there boldly asserts that it is not the scissella

of Hiibner, but either a species closely allied to festaliella of

Hiibner, or that insect itself.

We now come to Mr. Stephens’s Illustrations, where the insect

first assumes the name of angustipennella (by which name it is

most generally known to the rising generation of English entomo-

logists) ; but here it is not called angustipennella, Hiibner, but is

thus given: ‘ N. G. angustipennella, Steph. Cat. 2, 211, N. 7382,

Schreckensteinia, Hubner?” but, as before noticed, angustipennella

is given in the Catalogue without any authority; therefore angusti-

pennella must evidently be considered as angustipennella, Stephens.

In the Appendix to the Illustrations, 4, 423, this insect is given

twice; once rightly, as Schreckensteinia festaliella, N. 4083; and

again incorrectly, as Cosmopteryx angustipennella, N. 4128; but

this Mr. Stephens appears to have been doubtful about, as he

places a note of interrogation to it.

The true Cosmopteryx angustipennella, Hiibner, (Tinea pedella,

L.,) is an insect allied to Gracillaria preangusta, Haw., (Turdi-

pennella, Tr.,) and frequenting alders; I am not aware that it has

occurred in this country.

The insect figured by Duponchel he received from Fischer von

Roslertamm, who states that ‘it flies in great numbers in May on

the flowers of Sambucus racemosa, and Mann has taken single spe-

cimens around pine trees:” this certainly does not appear appli-

cable to our species. Duponchel’s description is extremely vague,

and his figure does not represent our insect, neither am I ac-

quainted with the species for which it is intended. The figure

given by Duponchel of Montandonella correctly represents this

species, but the description is slightly deficient.

144 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions

XXXII. Descriptions of several new Species of Cetoniide

collected in India by Col. Hearsey, Capt. Boys, and W. H.

Benson, Esq. By J. O. Westwoop, Esq., F.L.S. &e.

[Read December 4th, 1848.]

Family CETONIID&.

Sp. 1. Heterorhina porphyretica. (Pl. XVI. fig. 1.)

H, nigro-cerulea, opalina, capite et pronoto viridi-tinctis, ely-

trorum marginibus purpureis, antennis pedibusque nigris,

clypei maris apice emarginato, verticeque spina plana conica

armato, mesosterno elongato tenui subacuto.

Long. corp. lin. 8.

Habitat in India Septentrionali.

In Mus. nostr. D. Boys.

H. amcene, Hope, proxima.

Caput nigrum, ceruleo-opalinum, punctatum, lateribus ante

antennas deflexis, margine antico reflexo emarginato, disco

concavo, in mare carina plana mediana, antice in laminam

decumbentem conicam desinente, armato. Antenne nigre,

clava longitudinem articulorum basalium equanti. Palpi

picel. Prothorax nigro-ceruleus opalinus, viridi parum tinc-

tus, lateribus haud angulatis, tenue marginatis, disco nitido

punctato. Scutellum concolor. Elytra magis purpurea,

lateribus purpureis nitida, singulo lineis tribus longitudinali-

bus elevatis, interstitiis lateribusque punctatis, duplici serie

punctorum, lateribus postice convergentibus apiceque suture

parum acuminato. Podex transverse strigosus. Corpus

subtus cum femoribus ceruleo-opalinum, lateribus metas-

terni cum coxis semicirculariter punctatis, mesosterni pro-

cessus cum apice antico metasterni valde elongatus tenuis

acutus, parum incurvus. Pedes elongati. ‘Tuibiz et tarsi

nigri, tibiae 4 posticze intus luteo-setosez. Abdomen impres-

sione ovali oblonga ad segmentum 5m ventrale extensa.

Fig. 1. Insectum magnitudine paullo ampliatum ; 1a, tibia antica

maris ; 1b et 1c, processus sternalis.

Sp. 2. Protetia piperina. (Pl. XVI. fig. 2.)

P. olivaceo-fusca, opaca; pronoto et elytris squamis minutis

of several new Species of Cetontide. 145

albidis irroratis, squamis in lineas longitudinales et transversas

interdum dispositis, pedibus cupreo-nigris luteo-setosis.

Long. corp. lin. 93.

Habitat in partibus septentrionalibus Indize Orientalis.

In Mus. nostr. D. Boys.

Caput cupreo-zneum, rude punctatum, vertice subconvexo,

margine antico parum reflexo et in medio emarginato. An-

tenne picez, clava mediocri subcuprea. Maxillee elongate,

lobo interno inermi, lobo apicali acuto corneo, longée penicil-

lato. Mentum ovale, basi truncato, apice profunde inciso.

Prothorax olivaceo-fuscus, opacus, punctatus, lateribus paullo

angulatis margineque tenui cupreo instructis; disco squamis

seu guttis minutis albidis irrorato, his squamis pone medium

in lineam valde angulatam (literam M quodammodo simu-

lantem) dispositis, spatio postico squamis fere destituto.

Scutellum concolor, opacum. Elytra elongata, lateribus

(nisi ad humeros) fere parallelis, olivaceo-fusca, opaca, etiam

albido-irrorata, squamis ad latera ante medium in lineam

brevem transversam fere ordinatis, aliis pone medium in

maculam irregularem fere confluentibus, aliisque versus api-

cem suture in lineam brevem transversam digestis. Podex

concolor, lateribus apiceque maculis irroratis ornatus. Cor-

pus infra castaneo-fuscum, nitidum, albido-hirtum, lateribus

abdominis albido-irroratis ; medio abdominis et metasterni

nitido immaculato. Processus sternalis brevis, ovalis. Ab-

domen maris segmentis 2, 3 et 4 ventralibus parum depressis,

haud canaliculatis. Tibize anticz dentibus tribus apicalibus,

acutis, tibiae 4 posticae extus in medio obtuse 1-dentate.

Pedes cupreo-nigri, albido-hirti.

Fig. 2. Insectum magnitudine parum auctum ; 2a, maxilla; 2+,

mentum ; 2c et 2d, processus sternalis ; 2, tibia antica; 2f,

tibia intermedia.

Sp. 3. Protetia Bensoni.* (Pl. XVI. fig. 3.)

P. viridis opaca, capite pedibusque cupreis, pronoto lineis dua-

bus abbreviatis obliquis albis elytrisque pone medium albo-

maculatis, corpore subtus cupreo-purpureo.

Long. corp. lin. 83.

* Tam informed by W.H. Benson, Esq., to whom I am indebted for this species,

that it ‘‘appears late in the season, and frequents the flowers of Syngenesious

plants ;” and I have great pleasure in dedicating so beautiful an insect to this

very zealous Entomologist.

146 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions

Habitat apud Mussoree et Landour, in regione Himalayana,

Indize Orientalis.

In Mus. nostr. D. Benson.

Precedenti brevior et latior, Caput supra igneo-cupreum

punctatum, vertice inter oculos utrinque parum profunde

impresso et magis punctato, linea levi in medio relicta ;

lateribus ante antennas depressis, margineque antico emar-

ginato. Maxille lobo interno quadrato inerm1; apicali conico,

longe setoso. Mentum elongato-cordatum, basi truncatum.

Antenne nigra. Prothorax lateribus in medio haud angu-

latis, tenue marginatis, punctatus, viridis, opacus, angulis

anticis lateribusque cupreis, utrinque (lateribus parallela)

linea tenui irregulari abbreviata alba ornatus, margine pos-

tico ante scutellum emarginato. |Epimera igneo-cuprea.

Scutellum pronoto concolor, Elytra magis viridia opaca, ad

humeros dilatata pone medium etiam paullo latiora, singulo

costis duabus fere obliteratis, interstitiis lateribusque punc-

tatis, et albido-setosis; singuli lateribus maculis 4 parvis

irregularibus albis, 2nda majori et ad medium disci extensa,

maculaque altera alba pone medium suture. Apex elytro-

rum acuminatus. Podex zneus punctatissimus, punctis duo-

bus parvis albis distantibus. Corpus subtus cum pedibus

cupreo-purpureum, nitidum, griseo-birtum. Tibiz anticze

extus 3-dentate, dente basali minori et e reliquis magis

remoto quam in specie preecedenti. Tibiz intermediz in

medio acuta spina armatee.

Fig. 3. Insectum magnitudine parum auctum ; 3a, maxilla; 3b,

mentum ; 3c et 3d, processus sternalis ; 3e, tibia antica.

Sp. 4. <Anoplocheila cenosa. (Pl. XVI. fig. 4.)

A. fusca opaca, zneo parum tincta, punctata, setis luteis fere

obsita; pronoto sparsim, elytris (nisi prope scutellum) maculis

parvis sordide albidis fere omnino notatis, corpore subtus

zeneo, abdomine purpurascenti nitido.

Long. corp. lin. 63.

Habitat in partibus septentrionalibus Indic Orientalis.

In Mus. nostr. D. Boys.

Corpus parvum, breve, crassum, subconvexum. Caput parvum,

cupreo-fuscum, punctatum, margine omni elevato et antice

parum emarginato, setis aureo-luteis obsitum. Antenne

nigree. Maxilla lobo interno in dentem validum arcuatum

producto, lobo apicali robusto bidentato. Mentum subquadra-

of several new Species of Cetoniide. 147

tum, lateribus in medio parum rotundato-dilatatis. Prothorax

lateribus in medio vix angulatis, eneo-fuscus, postice opacus,

punctatus, luteo-setosus, maculisque nonnullis parvis sordide

albidis notatus. Scutellum opacum, eneo-fuscum, apice

rotundatum. Elytra prothorace parum latiora, humeris vix

dilatatis, longitudine vix latitudinem excedente, zeneo-fusca,

subopaca, punctata, luteo-setosa, undique (nisi regione scu-

tellari) maculis parvis sordide albidis plus minusve notata,

apicibus sordide albidis. Podex omnino luteo-squamosum.

Corpus subtus purpureo-eeneum, nitidum, pectoris lateribus,

pedibus, apiceque abdominis luteo-setosis. Processus ster-

nalis haud antice porrectus, obtusus, fere rotundatus. Tibize

anticze 3-dentatee, dentibus fere aque distantibus, dente in-

terno minori.

Fig. 4. Insectum magnitudine parum auctum ; 4a, maxilla; 46,

mentum ; 4c, processus sternalis ; 4d, tibia antica.

Sp. 5. Anoplocheila brunneo-enea. (PI. XVI. fig. 5.)

A. purpureo-fusea, opaca, capite, prothorace humerisque zneo-

nitidis, punctata, luteo parum setosa, elytris sordide albido-

irroratis, squamis plagam macularem irregularem ultra

medium lateris formantibus.

Long. corp. lin. 6,

Habitat in partibus septentrionalibus Indiz Orientalis.

In Mus. nostr. D. Boys.

Preecedentis magnitudo, at angustior et minus setosus. Caput

parvum, margini omni elevato, antice paullo emarginatum

punctatum, punctis cicatricosis; cupreo-fuscum, setis nonnullis

sordide albidis. Antenne nigree. Mentum magis quadra-

tum quam in precedente. Prothorax purpureo-fuscus,

punctatus, opacus, parte antica zneo parum nitida, setis

sordide albidis sparsim vestitus, lateribus in medio parum

angulatis. Epimera et elytra ad basin zneo-tincta. Scutel-

lum fusco-purpureum, apice rotundato, opaco. Elytra punc-

tata, concoloria, maculis minutis sordide albidis irrorata,

maculis pone medium lateris in plagam parvam irregularem

parum confluentibus. Podex concolor, sordide albido-irro-

ratus, punctatus. Corpus subtus eneo-cupreum, nitidum,

parum setosum, segmentis abdominis ad latera marginis pos-

tici macula parva albida. Tibi antice extus 3-dentate,

148

Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions

dentibus aque distantibus, interno minori. Processus ster-

nalis haud porrectus, rotundatus, obtusus.

Fig. 5. Insectum magnitudine auctum ; 5a,mentum ; 5), processus

sternalis.

Sp. 6. Anoplocheila? argentifera. (Pl. XVI. fig. 6.)

A. nigra, opaca, pronoto et elytris maculis magnis margari-

taceo-argenteis variegatis, capitis angulis anticis acutis ;

corpore infra nigro nitido.

Long. corp. lin. 53.

Habitat in partibus septentrionalibus Indize Orientalis.

In Mus. nostr. D. Boys.

Species elegans. Caput parvum, antice attenuatum, deflexum,

haud concavum, marginibus parum elevatis, angulis anticis

porrectis; nigrum, rugose punctatum. Antenne nigre.

Mandibule parvee, forme ordinariz, parte cornea angusta,

extus longe ciliate. Maxille elongate, lobo interno in

dentem longum et acutum producto; lobo apicali bidentato.

Mentum oblongum, longe setosum, margine antico parum

emarginato. Palpi labiales articulo ultimo crasso. Pro-

thorax convexus, subconicus, punctatus, lateribus in medio

paullo angulatis, velutinus, lateribus late et irregulariter

argenteo-margaritaceis discoque nigro, colore nigro utrinque

pone medium in maculam angulatam versus angulos posticos

extensam, dilatato, punctoque nigro utrinque versus angulos

laterales. Scutellum nigrum, apice albo, Epimera argenteo-

margaritacea. Elytra punctato-striata, velutina, nigra, lateri-

bus apiceque late et irregulariter argenteo-margaritaceis, hoc

colore in medio fere ad suturam extensa, fasciam nigram

irregularem pone medium formante. Podex sparsim punc-

tatus, argenteus, lateribus anguste nigris. Corpus subtus

nigrum, nitidum, punctatum, sparsim luteo-setosum, lateribus

metasterni et abdominis femoribusque posticis maculis sericeis

notatis. Tibi antice 3-dentate, dentibus eque distantibus,

intermedio majori. Abdomen subtus ad basin late et minime

_profunde impressum. Processus sternalis brevis, nullo modo

porrectus, antice rotundatus, ciliatus. Pedes nigri postici

longe ciliati.

Fig. 6. Insectum longitudine fere duplo auctum ; 6a, clypeus;

6b, mandibula; 6c, maxilla; 6d, mentum; 6e, processus

sternalis ; 6f, tibia antica.

of several new Species of Cetoniida. 149

Sp. 7. Anthracophora Bohemanni.* (Pl. XVI. fig. 7.)

A. nigra, supra maculis concoloribus velutinis ; elytris dimidio

basali maculis numerosis fulvis, apiceque late fulvo ; thorace

subtus antice fulvo hirto, abdominisque lateribus maculis

parvis griseis.

Long. corp. lin. 94.

Habitat apud Landour in regione Himalayana Indiz Orientalis.

In Mus. nostr. D. Benson.

A. atro-maculate affinis.

Corpus latum, crassum, capite parvo, pedibusque brevibus.

Caput nigrum, punctatum, vix convexum, margine antico

fere recto et parum reflexo. Antennz breves, nigre. Max-

illae lobo interno corneo, in spinam acutam curvatam desi-

nente, lobo apicali brevi corneo apice oblique emarginato,

inde certo situ bidentatus apparet. Mentum antice latum,

emarginatum, lateribus ad basin oblique convergentibus.

Pronotum lateribus in medio vix angulatis; disco levi, haud

nitido, lateribus punctatis maculisque nigro-velutinis laterali-

bus duabusque alteris majoribus versus marginem posticum.

Scutellum nigrum, opacum. Elytra lata, opaca, humeris

haud valde dilatatis, nitidis, singuloque etiam inter hume-

rum et scutellum spatiis duobus elongatis paullo elevatis et

nitidis, interstitiis velutino-punctatis ; dimidio basali nigro,

maculis parvis fulvis, apiceque fulvo, ad suturam nigro-

maculato. Podex niger, opacus. Corpus subtus nigrum,

punctatum, pro- et metasterno fulvo-pilosis. Abdomen ma-

culis parvis lateralibus griseis notatum. Processus sternalis

brevis, latus, basi constrictus. Pedes breves, nigri. Tibiz

anticzee in medio bidentate, apiceque in dentem remotiorem

terminato; tibiz 4 posticee in medio dente unico acuto

armate.

Fig. 7. Insectum magnitudine auctum ; 7a, maxilla; 7b, mentum;

7c and 7d, processus sternalis; 7 e, tibia antica.

Sp. 8. Clinteria Hearseiana.+ (Pl. XVI. fig. 8.)

C. nigro-znea, nitidissima, pronoti lateribus maculisque tribus

* This species was taken ‘ on sweating oaks, at Rockville, Landour,” on the

Himalayas, by W. H. Benson, Esq., by whom it has been transmitted to me.

+ I have named this species after my friend Colonel J. B. Hearsey, a very

assiduous Indian Entomologist as well as Botanist.

150

Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions, &c.

posticis in triangulum dispositis, epimeris, maculisque 5 in

singulo elytro, duabusque podicis albis, pedibus rufo-piceis.

Long. corp. lin. 63.

Habitat in partibus centralibus Indiz Orientalis.

In Mus. nostr. D. Hearsey.

Species elegans. Caput nigrum, convexum, punctatum, antice

angustatum, emarginatum, angulis anticis elevatis. Antenne

breves, piceo-nigree. Maxillee lobo interno quadrato inermi,

setoso; apicali acuto, longe setoso. Mentum elongato-

cordatum, basi truncatum. Prothorax nigro-zneus, nitidis-

simus, disco punctis minutis crebre sparsis, lobo postico

impunctato, lateribus macula elongata antice et postice dila-

tata, ex angulis anticis ultra medium extensis, maculisque

tribus rotundatis in triangulum dispositis, postico minori ad

apicem lobi scutellaris posito. Elytra nigro-coracina, nitida,

punctata, singulo striis seu costis tribus elevatis, maculisque

quinque albis ornato, antica majori; duabus_lateralibus

duabusque remotioribus suturalibus. Pygidium vermiculato-

punctatum, maculis duabus albis. Pedes piceo-rufi, tarsis

nigris ; tibiae anticze dentibus tribus acutis eeque distantibus;

posticee 4 in medio acute 1-dentatee. Abdomen lateribus

albo-punctatis. | Processus sternalis brevis, conicus, apice

obtusus.

Fig. 8. Insectum longitudine duplo auctum; 8a, maxilla; 8 6,

mentum ; 8c and 8 d, processus sternalis ; 8 e, tibia antica.

Gi TbD |)

XXXII. On the Species of Depressaria, a Genus of

Tineidz, and the allied Genera Orthotelia and Exeretia.

By H. T. Srarnton, Esq.

[Read Dec. 4th, 1848.]

Tue genus Depressaria is one of the most natural we have, and

considering the variety of size in the different species, their ex-

traordinary similarity of appearance is not a little remarkable.

The food of the larve is very various, some of them feeding on

the leaves of composite plants, others, and by far the greater por-

tion, in the umbels or on the seeds or leaves of different species

of Umbelliferee; again, the larvae of two species feed on the

sallow, whilst the Hypericum perforatum affords a pabulum to

another species.

Norr.—The species marked + have not yet been detected in

this country.

Ortnorz.ia, Stephens.

Cautosius, Duponchel.

Hemyuis, Zeller.

AGonioPrEerRyx, T'reitschke.

Sparganiella, Thunb., Tr., D., Z.

Tostella, Hib. 456.

Venosa (Depressaria), Haworth.

Venosa (Orthotelia and Depressaria), Stephens.

The larve of this insect feeds, as the name implies, on a Spar-

ganium, but there is some dispute as to which of the species:

Treitschke says simplex, Zeller says ramosum, not simplex. I have

met with the perfect insect myself among Sparg. ramosum, and Mr.

Edward Doubleday has reared it from larve found in the stems of

this latter plant, in July: he states that the presence of the larvee

is easily detected by the withering of the flowers. The perfect

insect appears at the end of July and beginning of August.

Duponchel states that it feeds on Sparganium natans ; Guenée

has, according to Duponchel, found the larvz of this species at

the base of the leaves of the /ris pseudacorus, but I am inclined

to fancy that this is a distinct species, especially as it appears by

Mann’s Catalogue that another species, which he there calls

* Palustrella, Tr. in litt.,” occurs on the continent. I am not

aware that this species has been described ; it probably occurs in

this country and needs but to be sought.

VOL. V. s

152 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the Species of the

Ex#RETIA, nov. gen.

Caput levigatum. Palpi recurvati, articulo secundo infra setis

instructo, articulo terminali acuto. Antenne mediocres.

Ale anteriores late; ante apicem aliquantulum contracte ;

cilia brevia, ad marginem posteriorem emarginata. Ale pos-

teriores elongate, ovales, emarginate ad angulum anale ;

cilia brevia. Abdomen depressum.

This genus is intermediate between the Stenoma of Zeller (an

exotic genus) and Depressaria; in Stenoma ‘the anterior wings

are broad before the middle, posteriorly narrowed ;” in Depres-

saria they are, to use Zeller’s words, “almost widened poste-

riorly,” whereas in Lx@retia they are narrowed beyond the mid-

dle and then again expanded ; the cilia are much shorter than in

Depressaria, in this respect resembling Stenoma.

Allisella,n. sp. (Pl. XVII. fig. 1.)

Ale anteriores plumbez ; strid rufa obliqua a costa ante me-

dium; macula magné triangulare rufescente ante apicem,

quz supra costam stat, marginem interiorem suo apice tan-

gens ; in margine interiore hujus macule, que distinctior est,

stat linea nigra obliqua.

This species is very distinct from any with which I am ac-

quainted, and has at first sight somewhat the appearance of a

Peronea.

Expansion of the wings 10-—11 lines.

Head ashy-grey. Face ashy-grey. Palpi, the second joint is

on the upper side whitish, smooth; on the under side thickly

clothed with ashy-grey bristles; terminal joint dark tawny, not

annulated. Antenne grey. Thorax greyish. Abdomen greyish,

with a large black spot in the middle ; the anal tuft is yellowish.

Legs and tarsi brownish on the outside, whitish inside. Anterior

wings rather glossy leaden grey, with a rosy tint at the base to-

ward the inner margin ; a little before the middle is a short oblique

rosy streak proceeding from the costa, and reaching only half

across the wing, it terminates in a darker spot; parallel to this, a

little beyond the middle, is a similar streak which reaches to the

anal angle, and has in it a short black linear blotch; beyond this

streak the entire apical portion of the wing is more or less suf-

fused with reddish, and a darker shade proceeds from the anal

angle to the apex, forming the outer side of the triangular blotch;

the portion of the disk immediately following the black spot is

Genera Depressaria, Sc. 153

rather paler than the surrounding portion; before the commence-

ment of the cilia is a dark marginal line; cilia at their origin

grey, at their termination greyish-rufous, darkest round the apex

of the wing. Posterior wings greyish, with dark marginal line

before the paler cilia.

I have named this species after my friend Mr. Allis, who, at my

request, most readily forwarded to me his specimens to be de-

scribed. I mention this circumstance as some collectors have a

dislike to parting with their specimens, however much they may

be required for the furtherance of science; such persons may

have fine collections, but can surely not expect to be considered

scientific entomologists.

Three of Mr. Allis’s specimens were taken in Yorkshire, near

Rotherham, in June or July, and another on the coast, near

Maryport, Cumberland.

DepressariA, Haw., St., Z.

Heamryuis, Tr., D.

Sp. 1. Costosa, Haw., St.

Depunctella, Podev., Hiib. 378., Tr., D., Z.

Yeatsana, St. ?

Spartiana (Tortrix), Hib. 199.

Distinguished from the somewhat similar assimilella, by the

rufous cilia of the anterior wings.

This species is common in July and August among furze-bushes.

Sp. 2. Lituretla, W. V., Tr., D., Z:

Sparmanniana, F., St.

Flavella, Hiib. 97.

Flavosa, Haw.

The larva of this species feeds on Centaurea jacea, in May.

The perfect insect appears in July.

Sp. 3. Pallorella, Zeller. (Isis, 1839, S. 195.)

Very closely allied to the preceding, but distinct. Instead of

the blotch near the anal angle, and the short streak towards the

base, near the inner margin of that species, these two marks are

here united into a continuous, rather stout line; at the base, just

above the inner margin, is a distinct black spot, and in the apical

portion of the wing the nervures are much more distinctly marked.

A scarce species ; hitherto perhaps much neglected from being

confounded with liturella. Mr. Weir took a specimen at Lewes,

154 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the Species of the

last September, from reed thatch; one was taken near Lewes the

previous autumn. Mr. Maitland took one at sugar, in the Isle

of Wight, in September, and Mr. Ingall took it at Mickleham.

Sp. 4. Ulicetella, Stainton.

Umbellarum, Haw.

Umbellana, St. (non F.)

Distinguished from all its congeners by the radiating brown

streaks on the straw-coloured anterior wings.

Not uncommon in this country among furze bushes in August ;

it appears totally unknown on the continent.

Sp. 5. Assimilella, (Tis.) Tr., F. v. R., D., Z.

Atomosa, Haw.

Trrorella, St.

Atomella, St. ?

At once distinguished from costosa, with which it is sometimes

placed, by the yellowish colour of the cilia of the anterior wings ;

in costosa they are rufous.

I took three specimens of this insect in a broom-field near

Airthrey (in the neighbourhood of Stirling), July 15th and 16th,

1848.

The species has also been taken by Mr. Weir, at Tunbridge

Wells; by Mr. Sircom and others.

The larva feeds, according to Fischer von Roslerstamm, on

Spartium scoparium only, and is to be found from the beginning

of April to the middle of May.

Sp. 6. Nanatella, nov. sp. (Pl. XVII. fig. 2.)

Ale anteriores breves, obtusz, pallide ochracez, irrorate nu-

merosis atomis fuscis, quarum duze longitudinaliter posite

conspicuiores sunt.

Allied to assimilella ; anterior wings shorter and the apex less

pointed; the colour of the anterior wings is paler ochreous, irro-

rated with fuscous atoms, two of which, near the middle of the

wing, are conspicuous from their size; these are placed longitudi-

nally, that nearer the base being the larger; there is but faint

indication of a shoulder mark, and the dark blotch of asszmilella

is entirely wanting.

Expansion of the wings 6}—73 lines.

Head very pale ochreous. Face rather paler. Palpi pale ochre-

ous, the second joint with ochreous bristles beneath, terminal

Joint not annulated. Antenne fuscous. ‘Thorax very pale ochre-

Genera Depressaria, &c. 155

ous. Abdomen fuscous, with the sides and apex ochreous. Legs

pale ochreous, the first pair anteriorly brown. ‘Tarsi pale ochre-

ous, spotted with brown. Anterior wings very pale ochreous,

with numerous fuscous atoms; towards the hinder margin is

darker shade, arising near the anal angle and reaching nearly to

the costa; nearly in the middle of the wing are two or three

black spots, placed longitudinally, of which that nearest the base

is generally the largest; cilia pale ochreous, with a darker line

running right through them from the apex to the anal angle.

Posterior wings griseous, darkest towards the apex, with paler

cilia, in which, close to the margin of the wing, is a dark line.

Mr. Douglas took two specimens of the insect in Charlton

sand-pit, among the herbage, on the 12th of August, 1846.

Mr. H. Doubleday has also a specimen.

Sp. 7. Atomella, W. V., Hiibn. 240, Z.

Pulverella, Tr., F..v. R. pl. 32,f; 2.

Var. Respersella, Tr., F. v. R. pl. 33, f. 1.

This species is, according to Fischer, extremely variable; in

this country it has hitherto been so scarce that we have no oppor-

tunity of judging of its liability to vary. It is not very closely

allied to any other species, and is distinguished by the roundness

of the apex of the anterior wings, and ordinarily by the pale

costa. Mr. Stephens has one concolorous pale specimen, in which,

of course, this latter character is wanting.

I am indebted to the liberality of Mr. Weir for the possession

of this species ;_ he bred it from larve taken near Tunbridge Wells,

by sweeping in June, the perfect insect appearing July 20 and 21,

1848. He likewise took two by mothing, Aug. 16, 1847. Fischer

informs us that the larva feeds on Spartium scoparium, Genista

Germanica, and tinctoria, in May and June.

Spy ScArencila; WN.) Ur. bs Vs KR. D., Z., Ev., lie:

Gilvella, Hb. 96, St.

Gilvosa, Haw.

Var. Immaculana, St.

A common species, and generally distributed ; appearing in

July and August, and hybernated specimens occurring in the

spring.

Mr. Stephens’s specimen, described by him as immaculana, is

merely an extraordinary variety of this species; it is very far

from being ‘‘ totally immaculate.”

156 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the Species of the

The larva feeds, according to Zincken (see Treitschke), on

Centaurea scabiosa and Sonchus Carolina; according to Lienig,

on Centaurea jacea.

Sp. 9. Propinquella, Tr., F. v. R., Z., Ev.

Gilvosa, var. 3. Haw.

Till this year scarce in this country; it has now been taken in

some plenty by Messrs. Bedell, Douglas, and Weir, the greater

part of the specimens being beat out of thatch in August and

September.

There is a variety of this species in which the fuscous blotch is

obliterated.

Sp. 10. Subpropinquella, nov. sp. (Pl. XVII. fig. 3.)

Ale anteriores elongate, apice obtuso, ochracez, punctis du-

obus nigris obliqué positis ante et maculé fuscd, raré distineta,

pone medium.

Allied to propinquella, but the anterior wings are much longer,

nearly as long as in arenella, but considerably narrower ; the apex

is slightly rounded; the colour of the anterior wings is brownish

ochre mottled, as in the darker parts of propinquella ; there is

very slight (indeed, hardly perceptible) appearance of a shoulder

mark; before the middle are the ordinary two black spots, and

above the upper one is generally a third smaller one; beyond

these is a large fuscous blotch (rarely as prominent as in propin-

quella) ; and obliquely to this, a similarly coloured smaller blotch

or spot.

Expansion of the wings, 8—9 lines.

Head ochreous. Face very pale ochreous. Palpi pale ochreous;

the second joint beneath with ochreous bristles; the terminal joint

with two brown rings, one near the base, the other towards the

apex. Antenne fuscous. Thorax ochraceous, Abdomen griseous.

Legs pale ochreous. ‘Tarsi, anterior pale ochreous, spotted with

fuscous ; posterior darker, unspotted. Anterior wings described

above; cilia pale ochreous; posterior wings pale griseous, with

paler ciliz, in which is a darker line near the margin of the wing.

This species has been taken by Mr. Bond (to whom I am in-

debted for it), who beat it out of thatch in Cambridgeshire this

autumn,

Duponchel’s figure of Heracliella (pl. 290, f. 12) accords better

with this species than with a continental specimen of laterella,

which I have before me; but his description is too vague to throw

any light upon the figure.

Genera Depressaria, &c. 157

Sp. 11. Alstremeriana, L. (S. N.), St., Z.

Alstremiana, L. (F.8., F.

Alstremeri, Haw.

Alstremerella, Tr., D.

Monilella, W. V.

Puella, Hiib. 82.

Albidella, Ev.

Not very common; occurring in April and August. The larva

has not yet been observed.

Sp. 12. Purpurea, Haw., St.

Vaccinella, Hib. 416, Tr., D., Z.

Not generally common; taken in some plenty by Mr. Weir out

of thatch in August and September. The larva is still unknown.

Sp. 13. Caprella, nov. sp. (Pl. XVII. fig. 9.)

Parva; alz anteriores griseo-ruf@, punctis duobus nigris oblique

positis ante medium, et pone medium punctis duobus albis,

longitudinaliter positis.

Allied to capreolella and purpurea ; larger than purpurea, less

rosy, without the conspicuous blotch of that species, with two

black spots placed obliquely to one another, and then two white

spots placed longitudinally ; smaller than capreolella, and the an-

terior wings less plain grey, more suffused with reddish.

Expansion of the wings 6 lines.

Head reddish grey. Face paler. Palpi pale grey, the terminal

joint somewhat ochreous, with a brownish spot on its inner side,

before the apex. Antenne fuscous. Thorax reddish-grey. Ab-

domen fuscous, with the anal tuft rather ochreous. Legs pale

ochreous. Tarsi reddish-grey, with the ends of the joints paler.

Anterior wings narrow, reddish-grey, with the shoulder pale, and

the costa also paler than the ground colour of the wing; the two

black spots are placed obliquely as in purpurea, but have not the

pale blotch near them; they are followed by two white spots as

purpurea, but the large black blotch towards the costa of that

species is here entirely wanting; cilia reddish-grey, preceded by

a row of black dots. Posterior wings griseous, with paler cilia, in

which a darker line runs round the margin of the wing.

For this species I am indebted to Mr. Weir, who took two near

Lewes, from thatch, in September, 1848; Mr. Maitland has also

taken the species at Ventnor.

158 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the Species of the

+ Sp. 14. Capreolella, Zeller (Isis, 1839, s. 196).

Taken by Zeller in April, in corn fields, and thus briefly de-

scribed: ‘little larger than vaccinella, with the spots of applana,

but a brownish-grey clearer ground-colour.”

There is a foreign specimen in the British Museum.

Sp. 15. Hypericella, Hub. 441, Tr., D., Z., Lie.

Liturella, Hib. 83, St.

Liturosa, Haw.

The larva feeds, in June, on Hypericum perforatum ; the moth

appears in July. As yet this is scarce in this country; it is occa-

sionally taken at sugar.

The larva described by Lienig as feeding on sallow probably

belongs to the next species.

Sp. 16. Conterminella, (F. v. R.) Z. (Isis, 1839, S. 196.)

Curvipunctosa, Haw,, St.

Though Haworth’s name has priority, yet I give the preference

to Zeller’s name, as his description of the posterior wings at once

identifies the species; Haworth’s description might possibly apply

to a variety of applana.

Haworth’s variety 6, of which Mr. Curtis has a specimen, may

prove to be a distinct species. This insect, at first sight, a good

deal resembles the preceding; but the posterior wings have no

emargination near the anal angle, and the head and thorax are

not so bright a yellow as in that species.

The larva feeds on the sallow, and also on the osier (Salix vi-

minalis), from the tops of which plant they have been obtained

in May by Mr. Wing, and the moths reared at the end of June.

When beating for Pecilochroma piceana (Haw.) among sallows,

in August, I met with some wasted specimens of the perfect

insect.

Sp. 17. Angelicella, Hub. 337, Tr., Z., Ev.

Rubidella, D., Hib. 221?

Readily distinguished from arenella, propinquella, and other

allied species, by its pale unannulated palpi.

This species was taken by Mr. Bond, at Yaxley, in 1845. Mr.

Sircom and Mr. Desvignes have each a specimen of their own

capturing.

Genera Depressaria, §c. 159

+'Sp: 18) Laterella, Wi, ZB rv. Re (Lext.)

Heracliella, Hib. 417, Tr., D.? F. v. R. (Fig.), Zett.

Zeller states Hiibner’s carduella to be a variety of this species ;

now in this country laterella has not yet occurred, whereas a

number of specimens of an insect which agrees well with Hiibner’s

figure of carduella have been taken at different times: our car-

duella may not be the carduella of Zeller, but is decidedly the

carduella of Hiibner, and I should think a very distinct species.

The larva of laterella feeds, according to Tischer (see Treitschke),

on Centaurea cyanus, in May and June, and the moth appears in

July. Tischer adds: ‘* Carduella is a variety, since I bred from

these larvee two specimens which perfectly agree with Hiibner’s

figure, N. 439.”

This species is not uncommon on the continent, and will pro-

bably soon be detected in this country.

Sp. 19. Carduella, Hub. 439., St.

Not a common species, but widely distributed. Most of the

specimens that have occurred have been in July and August, and

several of them at sugar. Mr. Wing took a specimen at sugar,

on the Dartford Heath fence, in September.

Sp. 20. Characterella, W. V., Tr., Z., Lie., D., Ev.

Ocellana, F., St.

Signella, Hib. 80.

Signosa, Haw.

This species frequents sallows, on which the larva feeds in July ;

the moth appears towards the end of August, and re-appears in

the spring. Many of the spring specimens are very fine, and have

no appearance of having hybernated; probably some pass the

winter in the pupa state.

+ Sp. 21. Ciniflonella, (Lie.) Z. (Isis, 1846, S. 280.)

* Alis anterioribus rufescenti-canis, griseo-conspersis, postice

et in parte coste basali canis, lineola ante, lineola annuloque

minuto post medium disci nigris.” Z. |. c.

Taken by Madame Lienig in Livonia.

+ Sp. 22. Thapsiella, Z. (Isis, 1847, S. 838.)

* Alis anterioribus obtusiusculis, carneo-griseis, fusco-conspersis ;

costa fusco-maculata, punctis duobus ante, puncto ocellari

160 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the Species of the

post medium nigris; palporum articulus terminalis annulo me-

dio et apice fuscis.” Z. 1. ¢.

Taken by Zeller in Sicily; the larvae abundant on Thapsia

garganica; sometimes 50—60 larve on one plant. He bred the

perfect insect from April 30th to June 4th; but never saw it at

large.

Sp. 23. Yeatiana, F. 3, 2, 274.

Yeatsii, Haw.

Putridella, Hib. 244? Haw.

Distinguished from all its congeners by the glossy pale greyish-

purple anterior wings; it is more or less dusted with fuscous ;

and frequently the nervures of the hinder portion of the wing

are darker; it then becomes the putridella of Haworth; but Hiib-

ner’s figure of »utridella, if meant for this species, is very bad.

Taken rather commonly by some of the collectors at the east

end of London.

Sp. 24. Intermediella, n. sp. (Pl. XVII. fig. 4.)

Ale anteriores ad apicem obtuse, nec rotundate ; ochracee,

plus minusve rufescentes, atomis fuscis conspersis, punctis

duobus obliqué positis ante medium, duobus albis pone me-

dium, et supra ea macula fusca,

This forms a connecting link between the group of which are-

nella may be considered the type and applana ; the form of the

anterior wings is nearly square at the apex, thus very different

from applana; the ground colour of the anterior wings is ochreous,

or reddish ochreous, interspersed with numerous fuscous atoms ;—

before the middle are two black spots placed obliquely and be-

yond them two smaller white ones margined with black, and above

these is a fuscous blotch; towards the base is the ordinary dark

shoulder mark, which reaches about half across the wing.

Expansion of the wings, 9—93 lines.

Head ochreous. Face paler. Palpi, second joint, pale ochre-

ous above, beneath rather darker, terminal joint pale ochreous,

but with the base, a ring before the apex, and the extreme

apex, fuscous. Antenne fuscous. Thorax ochreous or reddish

ochreous, according with the colour of the anterior wings. Ab-

domen pale ochreous. Legs pale ochreous, the anterior rather

darker on the outer side. Tarsi ochreous, rather darker than the

legs. Anterior wings described above; a little before the hinder

margin is an indistinct angulated fascia, which, from not being

Genera Depressaria, &c. 161

dusted with fuscous, appears paler than the rest of the wing; on

the hinder margin itself is a row of fuscous spots; cilia of the

colour of the wings, frequently more rufescent at the apex. Pos-

terior wings pale griseous, darker at the apex, with pale yellow-

ish-white cilia,

Taken in the summer of 1847, at West Wickham, by Messrs.

Bedell and Douglas, who beat it out of old thatch, sparingly.

I should have been inclined to think this the continental Jate-

rella, were it not that I have before me a specimen of that insect,

obtained by Mr. H: Doubleday from the continent, which agrees

precisely with Hiibner’s fig. 417 (which Zeller says is very good),

and is a very different insect from our species.

Sp. 25. Applana, (Pyr.) F., Haw., St., Z.

Applanella, (Tin.) F., F. v. R.

Cicutella, Hib. 79, 419, Tr, Ds Ev.

The most abundant species in the genus; the hybernated spe-

cimens are exceedingly abundant in the first warm evenings of

spring.

The larva feeds on various umbelliferous plants, Cicuta virosa,

Heracleum sphondylium, &c., in May and June.

Sp. 26. Ciliella, n. sp. (Pl. XVII. fig. 7.)

Major ; ale anteriores rufee, maculis duabus albis, nigro-cine-

tis, obliqué positis ante medium; et maculis duabus albis

longitudinaliter positis pone medium; ale posteriores ciliis

rufo-variegatis.

Somewhat resembling applana, but much larger; the anterior

wings generally more uniform in colour, with four white spots ;

the two first placed obliquely and preceded by black margins, the

two others placed longitudinally ; the cilia of the posterior wings,

instead of being plain, as in applana, are marbled with rufous.

Expansion of the wings, 10—11 lines.

Head dark reddish-brown. Face ochreous grey. Palpi, se-

cond joint, reddish-brown; internally pale ochreous; last joint

reddish-ochreous, with two dark fuscous rings, one at the base,

the other before the apex, extreme apex fuscous. Antenne

reddish-brown. Thorax reddish-brown, more or less dark, ac-

cording to the colour of the anterior wings. Abdomen grey.

Legs externally reddish-brown, internally pale ochreous. Tarsi

externally reddish-brown, with the ends of the joints paler, inter-

nally ochreous, with the base of the joints darker. Anterior

162 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the Species of the

wings variable in colour, from pale reddish-brown to dark fus-

cous, with but slight reddish tint; base and basal half of the

costa generally paler than the rest of the wings; spots as in

applana, two black ones placed obliquely before the middle, the

posterior one externally margined with white, and beyond them

two white ones margined with black, placed longitudinally ; on

the hinder margin is a row of fuscous spots; cilia rufous-brown.

Posterior wings greyish; cilia pale, variegated with rufous

towards the end.

This species appears widely distributed: it was beat out of

thatch, at West Wickham, in August, 1847, by Messrs. Bedell

and Douglas; Mr. H. Doubleday has received it from the Lan-

cashire coast; Mr. Allis meets with it in Yorkshire; and I have

a specimen from Stirlingshire.

Sp. 27. Rotundella, Douglas, (Zool. 1270, F. 8.)

Peloritanella, Z. (Isis, 1847, S. 837.)

Taken by Mr. Douglas at Mickleham, and Sanderstead, in

September, at sugar.

Zeller met with this insect abundantly in Sicily, on mountains

near Messina, in April and July. He says, ‘“ the larva feeds pro-

bably on Erica arborea, or Spartiwm junceum.”

+ Sp. 28. Paridlella, (F.v. 2.) Tr. 2, lie:

Humerella, Dup. (Pl. 312, f. 7.)

** Alis anticis testaceo-hepaticis, basi punctoque medio flavidis ;

posticis cinereis.” ‘Tr. |. c.

The lava feeds, according to Lienig, in June, on Athamanta

oreoselinum and Selinum caruifolium. The perfect insect appearing

in July. Taken, by Mann, on the trunks of birches.

This and the four following species are distinguished by the

pale shoulder of the dark-coloured anterior wings.

{ Sp. 29. Ferule, Z. (Isis, 1847, S. 840.)

“ Major, fronte patagiisque flavidis, alis anterioribus obtusis

brunneis, basi abrupte flavida, puncto nigro ante, albo post

medium; palpis flavidis, externe fuscescentibus, articulus ter-

minalis basi annuloque fuscis.” Z. 1. ¢.

Zeller met with the larvee of this species in Sicily, near Mes-

sina, on I’erula communis, April 15th, and bred from them five

specimens in the middle of May.

Genera Depressaria, Sc. 163

t+ Sp. 30. Furvella (Pod.) Tr., Z.

“* Capite thoraceque flavis; alis anticis pallide hepaticis, basi

punctoque medio flavis.” ‘Tr. 1. ¢.

Posterior wings not emarginated at the anal angle (according

to Zeller), thus resembling conterminella.

Taken in July, in Austria and Hungary ; larva unknown.

+ Sp. 3l.. Cnicella (Vis.), Ir. Fv. R.; 22, D:

‘“‘ Alis anticis rubro-fuscis vel hepaticis, basi abrupte albido-

cinereis, punctis duobus tribusve (rarius uno) disci longi-

tudinaliter positis albis.” F. v. R.1. ¢.

The larva feeds gregariously in May on Eryngium campestre ;

the perfect insect appears in June.

There are specimens of this in the British Museum.

t Sp. 32. Hepatariella (Lien.), Z. (Isis, 1846, S. 282).

‘** Palporum articulo terminali ad basim griseo, alis anterioribus

badiis (fem. basi abrupte dilutiore), fuscencenti-conspersis,

puncto uno duobusve disci mediis albis.” Z. 1. ¢.

Closely allied to the preceding. Taken by Madame Lienig in

Livonia in July.

+ Sp. 33. Impurella (Mtzn.), Tr., F. v. R., Z.

‘* Alis anticis fusco-rufis, dense nigro, fusco albidoque pulve-

rulentis ; basi, costa, fascia dimidia ante, fasciaque integra

post medium albo-conspersis ; puncto medio obsoleto nigro-

fuseo: F..v. RK. 1. c:

Beat out of pine trees by Mann in May and August.

Sp. 34. Depressana, (Pyr.) F., Z.

Depressella, (Tin.) F., Hbn. 407, D.

Blunti, C.

Collarella, Zett, In. Lapp. 999, 6.

A variable species; distinguished not so much by the markings

of the wings, for Hiibner’s figure shows none, as by the pale

colour of the palpi, head, and thorax.

The larva is abundant in gardens near Berlin, on the umbels of

the carrot and parsnip.

164 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the Species of the

Sp. 35. Pimpinelle, Z. (Isis, 1839, and Isis, 1846, S. 282.)

Characterosa, Haw.

Pulverella, Ev.?

Var. 3? Major, tarsis omnibus externé rufescentibus.

Allied to the preceding, but larger; the costa broadly red,

generally some black spots on the disk, and the underside of the

second joint of the palpi is reddish-brown, (in depressana it is

very pale yellow).

The larve is, according to Zeller, abundant near Glogau on

Pimpinella saxifraga, in August and September.

The perfect insect was taken by Mr. Bedell in September from

some old thatch, near the Stoat’s Nest Station of the Brighton

Railway.

I have only seen one specimen of var. 3, which may hereafter

prove distinct.

Sp. 36. Albipunctella, Hbn. 149, St., Tr., Z., D., Ev.

Albipuncta, Haw.

Thorax reddish-brown; last joint of the palpi entirely dark

fuscous, except the extreme apex, which is whitish.

The larva feeds, according to Treitschke, in May, on Artemisiz

campestris. I have often taken the perfect insect at sugar in

July and August.

Sp. 37. Pulcherrimella, n. sp. (Pl. XVII. fig. 8).

Ale anteriores-rufee, numerosis striis atris, stria obliqué atra

ante, puncto albo pone medium; caput thoraxque pallida ;

palporum articulus terminalis intus pallidus, puncto fusco

basi, alteroque ante apicem; articulus secundus infra rufo-

brunneus.

Allied to albipunctella, but the head and thorax are pale ; the

inner side of the palpi is pale, with a dark spot at the base, and

another before the apex; the pale hinder fascia on the anterior

wings is more angulated ; and the black streaks on the disk are

always more distinct than in albipunctella. In some specimens,

after the black spot, is a white streak, reaching nearly to the white

spot.

Expansion of the wings 63—7 lines.

Head pale ochreous-grey. Face pale ochreous-grey. Palpi;

the second joint pale ochreous-grey above, beneath reddish-

brown; terminal joint externally dark fuscous, except the apex,

Genera Depressaria, Sc. 165

internally pale ochreous, with a dark spot at the base, and another

before the apex. Antenne fuscous. ‘Thorax pale ochreous-grey,

with the sides reddish-brown. Abdomen greyish, the anal tuft

ochreous. Legs, internally greyish-ochreous, externally reddish-

brown. ‘Tarsi internally ochreous, with the bases of the joints

darker ; externally reddish-brown, with the ends of the joints

paler. Anterior wings reddish-brown, with a very pale dash at

the base of the inner margin; scattered over the disk are nu-

merous black scales, which frequently form short streaks; before

the middle is a short oblique black streak, sometimes followed

by a straight white one; beyond the middle of the wing is a dis-

tinct white spot as in albipunctella; and between this and the

hinder margin is a pale angulated fascia; at the hinder margin is

a row of fuscous spots ; cilia pale reddish-brown. Posterior wings

pale grey, with paler cilia.

This species is taken not very uncommonly at Sanderstead

Downs, in July, being beat out of the juniper bushes, which form

a sort of universal shelter for all the minute Lepidoptera that occur

on the Downs.

The larva most probably feeds on some umbelliferous plant.

Sp. 38. Douglasella, n. sp.

Alee anticee sordid brunnez, numerosis atomis albis irrorate ;

obtuse ; caput thoraxque albida ; palporum articulus secun-

dus infra griseus.

Closely allied to the preceding; but the anterior wings are

less pointed at the apex; the head and thorax are greyish-white

(nearly white), with no admixture of ochreous; the second joint

of the palpi is underneath grey, not reddish-brown; and the tarsi

are externally dark fuscous, with no admixture of reddish ; the

ends of the joints paler, as in pulcherrimella ; the colour of the

anterior wings is much darker, more fuscous than in pulcherrimella,

and with more numerous white atoms.

Mr. Weir took a specimen of this in the south of England, and

Mr. Maitland has likewise taken it.

Sp. 39. Weirella,n. sp. (Pl. XVII. fig. 5.)

Ale anteriores rufo-brunnee, puncto fusco albido-cincto paul-

lulum ante medium, punctis duobus parvis fuscis ab atomo

albo separatis, pone medium; palporum articulus terminalis

pallidé ochraceus, annulo fusco ante apicem.

Larger than the two last; allied to albipunctella, but mithout the

166 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the Species of the

white spot on the anterior wings, in place of which two very small,

pale fuscous spots are visible; the pale fascia is more angulated,

resembling that of pulcherrimella ; the row of black spots is less

distinct than in albipunctella ; posterior wings paler.

Expansion of the wings 73 lines.

Head greyish-brown. Face rather paler. Palpi; second joint

pale ochreous above, greyish-brown beneath ; terminal joint pale

ochreous, with a single fuscous ring before the apex. Antenne

fuscous. Thorax greyish-brown; the sides dark reddish-brown.

Abdomen greyish, with the anal tuft ochreous. Legs externally

reddish-brown, internally pale ochreous. Tarsi dark fuscous,

with the ends of the joints paler. Anterior wings dark reddish-

brown; a little before the middle is a fuscous spot surrounded by

whitish; and a little beyond the middle are two small fuscous

spots separated by a white atom; before the hinder margin is a

very faint, pale angulated fascia; and on the hinder margin are a

few fuscous spots; cilia pale reddish-brown. Posterior wings

whitish-grey, with paler cilia.

Mr. Weir has two specimens, taken in Sussex, probably at

sugar, near Brighton.

Sp. 40. Cherophylli, Z. (Isis, 1839, S. 196.)

Badia, Haw.

Badiella, St.

Heracleana, ¥.?

Zeller states that he has bred this insect in plenty from larvee

found on Cherophyllum bulbosum. I have taken several of this in

July and August at sugar.

Its larger size, and the ochreous basal patch on the costa, rea-

dily distinguish it from the following.

Sp. 41. Ultimella,n. sp. (Pl. XVII. fig. 6.)

Ale anticze anguste, striis numerosis atris, posterioré fascia

pallida acuté angulat4; punctis duobus albis fusco-cinctis in

medio.

Allied to cherophylli, but smaller, and the pale fascia more

angulated ; also destitute of the ochreous shoulder of cherophylli,

with the central portion of the wing marked as in nervosa, from

which species this is distinguished by its size, and much narrower

anterior wings.

Expansion of the wings 73 lines.

Genera Depressaria, &c. 167

Head reddish-ochreous. Face pale ochreous. Palpi, second

joint, pale ochreous above, beneath reddish-brown ; terminal joint

pale ochreous internally, with a dark fuscous spot before the

apex, externally rather dark, with the dark spot before the apex,

the apex itself pale. Antenne fuscous. Thorax pale reddish-

ochreous. Abdomen griseous, anal tuft pale ochreous. Legs

pale ochreous internally, externally darker. Tarsi pale ochreous

internally, externally reddish-brown, with the ends of the joints

paler. Anterior wings dull reddish-brown, with numerous short

longitudinal black streaks, which are thickest on the costal half of

the wing; a little before the hinder margin these form the outer

edge of an extremely angulated fascia, beyond which the apical

portion of the wing is entirely fuscous ; a little before the middle

of the wing is a black spot margined with whitish, and imme-

diately beyond it is another likewise margined with whitish ; cilia

pale reddish-brown. Posterior wings grey, with paler cilia.

Taken by Mr. Weir near Lewes, in September, 1848, by beat-

ing thatch.

This may perhaps be the apiosa of Haworth. I know no other

that will at all answer his description of ‘ puncto exacté in medio,

minutissimo, niveo, fusco-cincto.”

Sp. 42. Nervosa, Haw., St.

Daucella, Z. (Isis, 1839, 8.196), Tr.? W. V.?

Recognized at once by the extremely angulated fascia of the

anterior wings, and its concolorous glossy appearance.

Taken in plenty by Mr. Weir this autumn from thatch, in the

neighbourhood of Lewes: Mr. E. Shepherd also took the insect

at Weybridge.

This must be the daucella of Zeller, from the character of the

fascia, yet he gives apiella, Hiibner, as a synonyme, which isa

much darker insect, and appears to me identical with badiella.

+ Sp. 43. Emeritella, Heyden, (Mann's Cat.)

This very distinct species has not yet, I believe, been de-

scribed. It has some resemblance to albipunctella, but is much

larger, and the head, palpi, and centre of the thorax, are bright

ochreous yellow.

There are specimens of it in the British Museum.

VOL. V. Je

168 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the Species of the

Sp. 44. Badiella, Hbn. 92, Tr., Z., Ev.

Apicella, St.

Apiella, Hiib. 94?

Pastinacella, Dup. pl. 291, f. 5 (not 4).

Var. 8. Palporum articulo secundo infra ochraceo, nec fusco.

Not uncommon among the juniper bushes near Sandersted in

August.

Of var. 8 I have a specimen; and Mr. Bedell has another,

taken at the same time and place with the ordinary variety.

Sp. 45. Pastinacella, Dup. XI. 158, pl. 291, f. 4 (not 5).

Variable in shade of colour, generally grey ; sometimes almost

as dark as the preceding; but the anterior wings are narrower.

In the middle of the wing are two ocellated markings, much more

distinct than in nervosa.

Duponchel’s figure has a reddish tinge, which I have not ob-

served in any of the specimens I have seen. I have no doubt

that this was the species sent by Fischer to Duponchel, his ob-

servation, quoted by the latter, being so very applicable :—“ This

was taken at first for a pale variety of badiella of Hiibner; but

M. Zeller has reared several hundred specimens from the larva

which feeds on Pastinaca sativa, and has not obtained a single one

as dark as that figured by Hiibner, and which we take sparingly

here and there.”

Though Duponchel was thus aware that this insect was very

like badiella, with which insect he was not acquainted, yet he did

not hesitate to figure as the other sex of pastinacella, a specimen

which he had obtained from the Department du Nord, which

differs considerably from his other figure, and which I have no

hesitation in pronouncing a veritable badiella,

+ Sp. 46. Veneficella, Z. (Isis, 1847, 8. 842.)

** Major, alis anterioribus elongatis, rotundatis, brunneo-griseis,

linea disci fusca longitudinali, partim pallido-squamata, lineolis

ante apicem fuscis; abdomine ciliato, palporum articuli ter-

minalis basi annuloque fuscis.” Z. 1. c.

Taken by Zeller near Syracuse; the larve plentiful in April

and May on Thapsia garganica. His specimens emerged from

the pupa from the 20th of May to the 5th of June. He found

only one specimen of the perfect insect at large.

Genera Depressaria, &c. 169

Sp. 47. Heracleana, De Geer, II. 1, 294, Z., St.

Heraclei, Haw.

Umbellana, F.

A common species; the larva plentiful in June and July on

Heracleum sphondylium, from which I have myself bred it.

Linnzeus appears to have had a confused notion of his hera-

cleana, since he says in the Fauna Suecica :—“ Hujus plures

species apud nos sunt, que magnitudine differunt, sed notis spe-

cificis non facile distinguuntur.” The heracleana of the Linnean

Cabinet is, as observed by Haworth, a specimen of applana.

+ Sp. 48. Dictamnella, F. v. ee Drs Zs, BD:

The largest species of the genus, and most distinct. It

occurs in Hungary, and the larva feeds on Dictamnus albus in

June.

SuppreMEenTAL Note.—I have now concluded the enumeration

of the species which are known and described by recent authors,

and will now just refer to two species, which appear to have

escaped the observation of the present generation of collectors.

In the first place, there is the rutana of Fabricius, which is evi-

dently a Depressaria. ‘ Alee depressz fuscz, lineolis abbreviatis,

numerosissimis, tenuissimis, transversis, albis. Preeterea puncto

duo parva, elevata, approximata, atra in medio.” . F38)2) 287,

‘‘ Habitat in Gallia Ruta, cujus folia contorquet.” And secondly,

the zephyrella of Hiibner (not of Stephens), whose figure is

copied by Wood, No. 1193. ‘Treitschke gives this as a synonyme

of his zephyrella, which Zeller unhesitatingly gives as a synonyme

of terrella, but has not given zephyrella, Hubner, as a synonyme,

nor given any reason for omitting it. Hiibner’s figure resembles

no Gelechia that I know, and has much more the appearance of a

Depressaria.

The Hemylis Lefebvriella of Duponchel, pl. 290, fig. 11, is not

a Depressaria; it is the Reeslerstammia Heleniella of Zeller, the

Acrolepia autumnitella of Curtis, and the Tortrix (Eupecilia, St.)

pygmeana of Haworth and Stephens.

As so many of our entomologists are in possession of Wood's

Index Entomologicus, the figures in which are mostly very good

(but from the defective nomenclature, the work has now become

y 2

170. Mr. H. T. Stainton on the Species of the

comparatively useless), I here give the true names of the insects

of this group figured in Wood’s Plate 38 :—

INO. JIG. ec eas Sparganiellus (good).

NIGH ESS 53 ... Heracleana (too grey).

1164........ulicetella (good).

MAGS 36 t aratets ulicetella (not good).

1166........nervosa (not good).

1167........nervosa (good).

1 TGS 5.5, 2 rete badiella (good).

AUG ee .. cherophylli (good).

WTO eis, '6 ...carduella (middling).

INN enGnone arenella (paler than ordinary specimens).

IWS aged . .liturella (good).

1173........costosa (not good).

1174........arenella (var.)

1175........characterella (good).

Noe eae

WINGS SS cee fenton (good).

MAL 78 cictelat =

1179........Alstremeriana (good).

1180........ultimella ? (not bad).

TVS1 o cisinws A Peronea.

1182........costosa (good).

ATS Gs miles sxejers assimilella (good).

ASA eaves 6 Hypericella (good).

WINGO Sei cin depressana (good).

UUSGri. oc oie purpurea (not very good).

INDEX TO THE SPECIES AND SYNONYMES IN THE

FOREGOING PAPER.

No. Page.

ve lidorts CAL fe Bel Sh pean as oy ee RE OOO SE res 11°) 5.0 how

AMMO DUH |G ERS 4 SR AO oes apanadeo acc 36 .. 164

Albipunctella, Hbn. St. Tr. D. Z. Ev....... 86) 2s el G4

AALUSCL GAS tae & eieic cs. ci bea lols «bole ettene Spas 1h Se

AUS ceEMeT ENG, LY cae © dtoleks sis's «planeta oo ore Al gs

Alstreemert, Haw... <@ sos cole eee See eer hy ooh y

Alstremeriana, Gost. Ze 2564s sees s vee ew (Ld eSere 157

Alstrepmiana, lips cine sissorete wie clacis ete OU Pee a sy

Angelicella, Hbn. Tr. Z. Ev. ...-.2..5+-- Wiehe MDS

Apicella, St. sie ok ccve «ele esa jeield wile stricta 44 .. 168

Apicella, Hub.... 2%. AOA ocr Tic a6 oh 44 .. 168

Genera Depressaria, &c.

No.

Apiosa, Haw. .ccessecccccscccccrcesssse 41

Applana, F. Haw, St. Z. ssc eee eee eee eee 25

Applanella, F. F. ve. Rive ecee ee eeeeeeecee 25

Arenella, W. V. Tr. F.v. R. D. Z. Lie. Ev.. 8

Assumulella, Tr: Esvo kh. Di Zee... 52523 &

Hiomella; W.. Vi, Hub. Ze. soe. 2s oie ss cose 7

Atonellad, Sty. < so. ¥ =: sieve a op eeraortbesateye ie fee's 5

PALOMOSGs, ELAW <2 5,0: eo: Sisiensiciie s1evolsye oye seve ste 5

(Badia Tawis oc sc %sleele siofeisie o, eo'= he i) < 40

Badiella, Hibn. Tr. 7. Ev. 20.65. -s0 0s sce 44

Bradtelig Sts nis Geieiere oi aisle tele sie a «it~ ss s\eiss 40

TE Ak OS Se ROE Ooo CR oICKG OOO e ee ont

Caprella, Sta....+..+..secee Matatalcs citer ats ohc 13

Capreolella, ZL. ..ceese cece cc cceesceeeee 14

Garducila, THUD: 250020 2s ois 62 oe oie 18& 19

Garduella, St.acss «6 seve! o shavei'ers wistate Sees ut

(Us RTT Ay BOC OOC OOOO DORI. 18

Charophylli, Ze... eee cece ee cece ceeseee 40

Characterella, W. V. Tr. D. Z. Lie. Fv.... 20

Characterosa, Haw. ..o...0.+ oscoes ses cee ate

Cicutella, Hiib. Tr. D. Ev. .......+0-.--- 25

Grlsellas Stan ss seis vecisiove eieieie 01 e2,0, 00-6 10 6 26

Ciniflonella, Z. cece es cee eecee een sceccs 21

Gnicella, Ure Be Ve Bs Dy Zieeis o0-u0.0015.2> 31

(QC TALITY IC OIRO CIO OTOL IG -. 34

Conterminella, Z. ...seceee-s RR oo bd Ge 16

WOslOserpELAWo Ole cere oxen, sacerscsyers 0 se ye: 1

Curvipunctosa, IBIig Bib. geo codbeouDoeoUS 16

ucla WN Dei Lis » cra. o 00.0 cies mibinye) a0) 42

Depressana, F. Z. ....--+0eeeeeeeeeeecee 34

Depressella, F. Hib. D. .....-+++-- ++ ee 34

Depunctella, Hitb. Tr. D. Z. 2. ee ee eens 1

Dictamnella, F. v. R. Tr. D. Z. «22-200 48

Douglasella, Sta. 1... cee eeee reece ceees 38

Emeritella, Heyd. ...cceecesveeeee Bierersisus 43

Pepulae, Livtelo «Meieis,=,-sesi.9 Misti efesre sraareres « 29

imoclla. FADNE) soi. cle q soe cs ce1s's se o's 2

UADOSA. FLAW. cc ciate diols Oreo oictoieie = nies oa oo 2

Purvetla, Tes Lis. « «e020 cots 5500 Roe pes!)

Gilvella, Hiib. St. ..... ccc ee cceoriercecs 8

Gilvosa, Haw. ...ce.... ccccccsceccecs ge!

Hepatariella, Zi sesessesveeceessessees soe

172 Mr. H. T. Stainton on the Species of the

- No. Page.

Heracleana, L. De Geer, St. Z. .sseeseass A7e)), ees

Hleracteana, Vo wae is icseeeissoeee ee 40 .. 166

Fleraclei, Haw. 2220393 ssaists Ses tele ee’ AT © Seles

Heracliella, Hib. Tr. F. v. R. Zett......... TSP gwiS9

THerachetla, Di oie oo ess ccd oe eee 10&18 ..156, 159

Humerella, D:) cot. erie tsi eee ee ee BS" ee GR

Hypericella, Hbn. Tr. D. Z. Lie. ...... 64 Da SS

Immaculana, Stisicis.ce.ss DsSsasbesaven Se S055

Hmourelia, Wr. Tvs Zip te ct see cae 6 oes 33) oe els

Untermediella. Sta, 2658 ce seek sccee eens 24 Fer AGO

TTROF EUG SS £ckeet eee eee ths DOSER Oe 5) tome

Laierella, W. V.Z. F. vi Re 2.500600 3° TB oo ees

TECPEDUSIENIA, A) cto le'n'seleiatsicis et « ‘ss. Supp. Note™ a2) Gg

Liturella, Hub. St. ..... i ira eee eed pe a PS MDS O aS

Pevuretia: WENA Vr DE Ze. O83 Soe 8s a des IE SSS

EMUTOSU AAW. 35% 4:53 S45 cee ee ee eles See ME ig x

iionietlas NEN < v's 6s otele os cto ee ee Oe eee Lys be.

INDIE URIS CAs is oa eis ete aloes bic oes eee Go sk ' DS4

WVeCTEoSa, (LAW. ts. Sera ore sea ae eee tis tier 42° 93 NGF

Wccliands Ses. wk © siese- otek oc.a et iaree Bae ene 20° ss" 159

Patloreila Di. ect. % oiteae sis is, alade¥e iets Maxson tehe 3° 22> 5S

Parilellas Urs Zi. lieve. «6% as eileh ats alae totems 28 52" 162

Pastinacella, Dist occcsc ceded: sswwdeces,) 448745. St MGS

MICLOTALGNEUG. Dian ins lo tera hs faa sd 7,0'% Bete ate O7.% te! M62

Spa Lalieey hs W356 ARO ASAE AG oo On AO Soon 35 .. 164

Propmyuella, Tr. F.v. RZ. Ev..-5+...-2.0 19 Yee) doo

WEelia MEAD Ae ic' «faisle's etelola’e Seis oh Oss hee 1 ai 557

Pulcherrimella, Sta. ........ steiohesevetane seme NOt ee om

Pulverelila, Tr. F. vi Ru.icss 0's eS leantios «ete 7 he? AS

Pulverella, Ev. ........ alee iolete ta siete e%.ce O00 Se Od

HUE DUNETL, AAW Sts! ote olcliajs mtele te ieiels «tes =< 12 se on

utriad, Taw.) 2 ss.s 6s 6s eh hie Sitove tere Wicte ees 23>. 160

WPTICTAGOLICs BAUD co's io.'s sie 'w-diess' ss wie eis ciao 5 2825 Ge

drespersclla,) Ural. We Wt. %./!s\e = sfo ib te taets ones Tae SS

EOLUNCEL a, YOUR: Sotsie'n o ole vic’ sin ioe sstole hots it (BI se) ee

Rubidella, Hib. D. ........ a {ole tote ie re's Totate 1 MPa |

PRULONG \ivwtatele oles ol-)ewisislaisicisieleisieks Supp. Note .. 169

pimnella, ELUD. 3.522252 Bs Gb hk ereteiete rs 20) he SS

PLONOSH st A Wameiete = elope etic bee tetera teletets oaees eUeruey loo

Sparganielia, Thunb, Ar, DiuZ -... cee cee ee Oe

pparmanniana, Ko St. -\...'s\\< 16 eleaicisaieleleis nee ee) Lule

Spar tiand, TUG. 9 iis'sleiste ileal tolehstele etatetatets Pie erT5s

Genera Depressaria, §c. 173

i No. Page.

Subpropinquella, Sta. .....eseeseesseesees TOs ee LoG

LUE EER SRB Orn eigen SCIOTO DO Bae De ae log

Mastellas ELWDan <6 tie cick A aces oysiela. © ie cee oul!

Miieetella. Stas. see.creistbectires evans oneeedes = Ales oe ela

itemella Stags sb oie nus cies acts onlin a pial ate 232 ADs oe J 116G

Wanbellana obs: oti taisiatoie stoi oi sac tteysiers svscein'o eee Ataece . Loo

Uimbellanty® Sto% swiss ccc a8 saps sth as sehr 4 .. 154

Wanbel ian ump klawere cco: oye c56 Sis, s. esas onsceue baci 4 .. 154

Vacemelasblubs. Urs: Dy Zit ois esancsat outine © ce Loe 5 og

[Fe Pa GAT EROS a AE CR On yO 4G. 22 s 168

Penasasat laws St. 5 %«,c.dsi a1 siecs os) dye ose (Se so.4,6, 8k Ij, es abo

Dec eerucace Trap aa 28 ho) eon ay snes oes ane eus''s aus ds) 5, 5h *s OS] aa 60

WERESANG St. a creas 60,0 90 es BOE DCC elas

MePLISEe Ete cas tera Stoves cea ciavee wi sicheie's 6 Boos IEC

PCIr UA. SEAN. Bors wines oa) eee 0 SR sae 6, oes OO) eg UGE

Zephyrella, Hiab. .......+e2s+++-- Supp. Note .. 169

XXXIV. On the British Species of the Genus Gelechia of

Zeller. By J. W. Douglas, Esq.

[Read December 4th, 1848.]

For many years the Micro-lepidoptera of Britain have been greatly

neglected, and a great confusion of names has arisen. Since the

publication of the works of Haworth and Stephens there has been

no systematic attempt to identify either our named or unnamed

species with those known on the continent, notwithstanding that,

in the Isis of 1839, Zeller has described and enumerated a great

number. I have been requested to bear a part in helping to elu-

cidate ‘this Babel called Micro-lepidopterology,” as M. Guénée

says; and if occasionally I should wander from the right path in

the mazes of synonymy, it will be more from the difficulty of see-

ing my way, than from want of endeavour to find it.

The genus Gelechia of Zeller is about equivalent to Lita of

Treitschke, and includes the greater part of the genus Anacampsis

of Curtis, and the whole or portions of the genera Recurvaria, Che-

174 Mr. J. W. Douglas on the

laria, Cleodora, Acompsia, Enicostoma, Telea, Glyphipteryx, Panca-

lia, Harpagus, &c. of British authors. It is a large genus, bringing

together many allied species, which in our catalogues are mixed

with others not nearly related, and placed in several genera; it is

on this account, and because the clearing up of the synonymy of

species, rather than the examination of genera, is the object now

before me, that [ have adopted it. {admit that it is capable of

subdivision ; but, when our species are clearly made out, it will

be time enough to consider genera more particularly.

I propose to take the species without reference to the sections

into which Zeller has divided the genus, because, while I can at

once proceed with some about which no doubts exist, I cannot be

so sure about others without comparison with foreign specimens,

and it may be some considerable time ere an opportunity of

making that arrives. At the end, I will give a synopsis of the

species, arranged according to their affinities.

GevecuiA, Zeller.

“ Head smooth; palpi at least as long as the thorax, recurved,

compressed, with a long thin and pointed terminal joint ; tongue

moderately long. Attitude of the wings as in Depressaria ; ante-

rior longish, posterior trapezoidal, with long or moderately long

cilia.”

A The last joint of the palpi fine, thin and pointed.

a The posterior wings broader than the anterior wings, or

at least as broad.

a The last joint of the palpi longer than the penultimate.

— Nothris, Hib.

( The last joint of the palpi shorter than the penultimate.

—Gelechia, Hib.

b The posterior wings narrower than the anterior.—Brach-

mia, Hib.

B The last joint of the palpi with a beard on the back, as it

were compressed and widened.

a The posterior wings broader than the anterior.—Che-

laria, Haw.

B The posterior wings narrower than the anterior.—Metz-

neria, Zckn.

British Species of the Genus Gelechia of Zeller. 175

Sp. 1. Populella.

G. Populella, Z.

Ti. Populella, L.

Lita. Populella, F. v. R. pl. 76 and 77, f. 1.

Anac. Populella, St. (Cat.)

Re. Populi, Haw.

An. laticinctella, St. (Ill.), Wood, 1188.

Ti. Blattariella, H. 148.

Re. Junipert, Haw.

An. Juniperella, St., Wood, 1187 (non L.)

An. hortuella, St. (non Wood.)

Tinea Juniperella of Linné is erroneously given as British.

Haworth quotes it, and says it is found on poplars; but F. v. R.

has reared it from junipers, and figures its preparatory states.

Zeller places it in his genus Ypsolophus near to fasciellus, H. (Ma-

crochila fasciella, St., Wood, 1245.)

Sp. 2. Lobella.

G. lobella, Z.

Ti. lobella, W. V., H. 238, Tr,

Py. Thunbergana, Fab.

En. Thunbergana, St., Wood, 1250.

Re. Thunbergi, Haw.

Sp. 3. Cinerella.

G. cinerella, Z.

Tx. cineretla, L., Tr., H. 173.

Re. cinerea, Haw.

Acompsia cinerella, St., Wood, 1242.

Sp. 4. Malvella,

G. Malvella, Z., F. v. R. pl. 1, f. 46.

Ti. Malvella, H. 281.

T. Listerella, L.?

An. Listerella, St. (l.)

Re. lutarea, Haw. p. 549, No 10.

Of this species, Hiibner’s figure is not good, as stated by Zeller,

but it is well figured by I’. v. R., and said by him to feed on Al-

theea rosea (Hollyhock.) It may be the Listerella of Linné, but

his descriptior is not sufficiently definite to determine.

176 Mr. J. W. Douglas on the

Sp. 5. Gallinella.

G. gallinella, Z.

Lita. gallinella, Tischer, Tr., Dup. 296, f. 9.

Re. Betulea, Haw. (non JT. Betulinella, H.)

An. Betulea, St., Wood, 1192.

An. lanceolella, St., Wood, 1210.

Sp. 6. Leucatella.

G. leucatella, Z.

Ti. leucatella, L., H. 146.

Erm. leucatea, Haw.

Telea leucatella, St., Wood, 1290.

Lita. albo-cingulella, Dup. 298, fig. 13.

Sp. 7. Triparella.

G. triparella, Mtzn., Z., Dup.

Re. dodecea, Haw.

An. dodecella, St., Wood, 1200 (non L.)

Ti. paripunctella, Thunb. ?

Sp. 8. Dodecella.

G. dodecella, Z. (Isis, 1839, p. 335.)

Ti. dodecella, L.

G. favillaticella, Z. (Isis, 1839, p. 201.)

An. aspera, Wood, 1202.

An. annulicornis, St., Wood, 1199.

An. Pinetella, Bentley (MS.)

The /Jarva, according to Madame Lienig, feeds till the middle

of May in the small, not full-grown, shoots, of the Pinus Abies.

(Isis, 1846.)

Sp. 9. Mouffettella.

G. Mouffettella, Z, (Isis, 1846.)

Ti. Mouffettella, L.? H. 245.

An. Mouffettella, St., Wood, 1201.

G. pedisequella, Z. (Isis, 1839) non H. 95.

The larva, according to Madame Lienig, feeds during May,

on honeysuckle, where it inhabits a tubular closely-fitting web

between united leaves. The insect lies nearly four weeks in

British Species of the Genus Gelechia of Zeller. 177

pupa, and appears from the middle of June to far in July.

(Isis, 1846.)

Sp. 10. Terrella.

G. terrella, Z.

Ti. terrella, W. V., H. 170.

1. terrella, F. v. R. pl. 80, f. 1 and pl. 96.

Ti. pauperella, H. (Cat.)

Re. subcinerea, Haw. ?

Re. Listeri, Haw.

An. lutarea, St., Wood, 1197.

An. subcinerea, St., Wood, 1196.

An. cinerella, St., Wood, 1195.

Sp. 11. Aleella.

G. aleella, Z.

Ti. aleella, Fab.

Ti. alternella, H. 151.

Re. alterna, Haw.

An. alternella, St., Wood, 1229.

Yp. bicolorella, Tr.

L. bicolorella, Dup.

Sp. 12. Nanella.

G. nanella, Z.

Ti. nanella, W. V., H. 264.

Re. nana, var. 3, Haw.

An. sequax, St.? Wood, 1213.

An. Padifoliella, Westw. (non H.)

Sp. 13. Luculella.

G. luculella, Z.

Ti. luculella, H. 397.

Re. subrosea, Haw.

An, subrosea, St.

An. luctuella, St., Wood, 1206 (non H.)

An. marmorea, Wood, 1218.

Sp. 14. Scriptella.

G. scriptella, Z.

Ti. scriptella, H. 152, Tr.

Re. Blattarie, Haw.

An. Tremella, St., Wood, 1123 (non W. V.)

178

Sp.

=o liGis

Mice

18.

19:

. 20.

Mr. J. W. Douglas on the

» Vulgella.

G. vulgella, Z.

Ti. vulgella, H. 346, W. V.?

Ke. aspera, Haw.

An. aspera, St.

An. subrosea, Wood, 1219.

Longicornis.

An, longicornis, Curt. 4, pl. 189, St., Wood, 1198.

G. histrionella, Z.

7%. histrionella, H. 464.

L. zebrella, Tisch., Tr.

Ericinella.

G. Evicinella, Z.

Ti. micella, H. 210, Tr.

Panc. Merianella, St., Wood, 1385 (non L.)

Hermannella.

G. Hermannella, Z.

Ti. Hermannella, Fab., Tr.

Ti. Zinckenella, H. 401, 402.

Glyph. Zinckella, St., Wood, 1372,

Glyph. Schefferella, St., Wood, 1373.

Conscriptella.

G. conscriptella, Z.

Ti. conscriptella, H. 283.

Chel. conscripta, Haw.

Chel. rhomboidella, St., Wood, 1235 (non L.)

Sororculella.

G. sororculella, Z.

Ti. sororculella, H. 440.

An. Erice, Westw., Humph. B. Moths, pl. 104,

als.

Expansion of wings 7 to 8 lines. Head grey-brown; antenne

brown-black ; thorax red-brown; anterior mings shining, red-brown,

lighter on the inner margin: in the centre is a strong black streak

placed longitudinally ; in which, just before the middle of the

wing, isa white spot having a black dot in the centre, and the end

of the streak is as it were cut off by a white mark, so that a black

spot appears beyond a white one. Below the central white spot,

British Species of the Genus Gelechia of Zeller. 179

in the groove of the wing, is a thin black streak having white

intervals. Beyond the middle is an acutely-angled buff fascia,

from the costal end of which round the posterior margin to the

anal angle are seven or eight long black dots, placed on a buff

ground: cilia grey-brown. Posterior wings silver-grey, cilia con-

colorous. Body griseous.

This moth sometimes varies in having on the anterior wings

more small black streaks than those I have mentioned. I bred

two on the 28th June, 1848, from larva found in leaves of sallows,

and took two on 11th July in the evening flying about sallows at

Dulwich wood. It is also in the Bentley cabinet, taken, Mr.

Westwood says, in the north of England.

XXXV. Descriptions of some new Species of Coleoptera.

By Jo EF. S. Parry, Esq: FG.S:, &e-

[Read 5th February, 1849.]

Family LEBIADZ.

Genus Puysopera, Eschscholtz.

Physodera Eschscholtzii.

(Plate XVIII. fig. 2.)

Phys. niger, nitidus, ceruleo-tinctus ; thorace cyaneo; elytris

splendide cupreis, marginibus viridi-czeruleis.

Long. corp. 3% lin.; lat. 1# lin.

Inhabits Ceylon and the Philippine Islands.

Although the present insect wants the bladder-like swelling on

either side of the thorax, which characterizes the species on which

Eschscholtz founds his genus Physodera, it nevertheless agrees so

closely with that insect in all other particulars, that I do not

hesitate to place it in the same genus. One is naturally led to

question whether the swellings on the thorax may not be a sexual

distinction, but on this point I have not been able to satisfy myself.

Both species, viz. the P. Dejeani and the P. Eschscholtzii, were

brought by Mr. Cuming from the Philippine Islands,* and are

now deposited in the collection of the British Museum ; and, upon

* My own specimen of the P. Eschscholtzii is from Ceylon,

180 Mr. J. F. 8. Parry on some

comparing these together, I can only perceive differences in the

feet, palpi, &c., which appear rather to be specific than sexual.

The P. Eschscholtzii is a larger insect than P. Dejeani, its legs

and antenne are relatively rather longer and more slender, the

elytra are larger in proportion and more elongated, and the punc-

tures of the striz are a trifle more distinct; the thorax moreover

is less distinctly punctured on the hinder part. The eyes are

very prominent, and there is a mesial fovea on the forehead, and

an irregular depression on either side near the insertion of the

antennze. The thorax is broader than long, and rather suddenly

dilated in the middle ; the anterior angles are produced and ob-

tuse, the posterior angles produced laterally, and acute ; the lateral

margins somewhat reflected, and the reflected portion very broad ;

the disc convex, and with a deep mesial groove, terminating pos-

teriorly in a fovea, and there are two largish shallow fovea behind,

one near each angle, in which are some scattered punctures, as

there are likewise near the anterior angles of the thorax: the

posterior margin is produced in the middle, in the form of a large,

and nearly semicircular lobe. The scutellum is minute and

pointed. The elytra are moderately convex, and have a narrow

reflected margin: they are rather delicately punctate-striated ; of

a brilliant copper colour, with green-blue margin. The thorax is

steel blue, and the remaining parts are black, with a faint blue

tinge. The whole insect is exceedingly glossy.

Genus PuysocroTaPuus.

A new genus belonging to the section of Truncatipennes, and

allied to Cymindis, distinguished by a large head, swollen behind

the eyes, combined with long and somewhat slender antenne,

elongated palpi and jaws (the former with the terminal joint by

no means securiform), and simple tarsi and claws.

Physocrotaphus Ceylonicus, g. (Plate XVIII. fig. 1).

Phys. niger, nitidus, antennis pedibusque piceo-testaceis, thorace

cordiformi, postice truncato, foveis duabus impresso, mar-

ginibus lateralibus reflexis. Elytris striatis, striis leviter

punctatis, interstiis punctulatis.

Long. corp. 7 lin.

Habitat Ceylon.

The above described species appearing to me to bear much

resemblance to an insect described (from Mr. Melly’s collection)

by Mr. Westwood in the fourth volume of our Transactions, I

new Species of Coleoptera. 181

forwarded it to that gentleman, and through his kindness I am

enabled to furnish the following particulars relating to the two

insects. Although closely allied to the Helluodes Taprobane, the

Physocrotaphus Ceylonicus differs both generically and specifically.

The general form of the body, large simple mandibles, palpi

and maxille, flattened head and prothorax, and even the striation

and punctation of the elytra, agree with Mr. Melly’s insect; the

head, however, is not of that disproportionate size, and it wants

the two elevated tubercules between the eyes, which are replaced

by two oval impressions; the upper lip has the anterior angles

acute, and the basal joint of the antennz is elongate: but the

chief character in which it differs from Helluodes consists in the

form of the lower lip, the mentum having the central lobe acutely

bifid, whilst the labium is short, transversely truncate at the tip,

with long sete, and with very distinct lateral paraglosse. This

is the more remarkable, because it has the long naked Jabrum of

Helluodes (vol. iv. pl. 21, fig. Bat), which mainly gives that insect

a relation with Hellwo, whilst the structure of the mentum and

labium above described agrees with that of the Feronides ; still

the anterior tarsi, which, although not dilated, are strongly setose

on the under side (indicating this specimen to be a male), and the

regularly truncate elytra, show an affinity to the 7’runcatipennes,

and render the genera FHelluodes and Physocrotaphus two of the

most interesting of Carabideous insects.

Div. TRICHIADE.

Genus Fam. Tricuius, Fab.

Sub-genus, Diatiruus, (Parry).

Sp. 1. Trichius (Dialithus magnificus 9.) (Plate XVIII. fig. 4.)

Niger, nitidus, clypeo bifido, thoracisque vittis, elytrorum

pygidiique maculis, argenteo-opalinis, femoribus anterioribus

rufis.

Long. corp. lin. 9; lat. corp, lin. 4.

This is one of the most magnificent species of the group of

Melitophila belonging to the genus T'richius.

With most of the essential characters of the species of T'richius,

this beautiful insect presents certain peculiarities which have in-

duced me to institute the new section, to which I have given the

name Dialithus, for its reception. Compared with the typical

species of Trichius, the most striking points of distinction in the

Dialithus magnificus are the deeply cleft clypeus, the great length

and slenderness of the tarsi, and the brilliancy of its colouring.

182 Mr. J. F.S. Parry on some

The specimen described is a female, having the anterior tibize

bidentate, and is from the upper province of Mexico. A second

specimen is in the collection of the British Museum, and this col-

lection, like my own, is indebted to Mr. W. Wilson Saunders for

this valuable addition.

Sp. 2. Macronota alboguttata. (Plate XVIII. fig. 3.)

Nigra, nitida, supra et subtus albo-maculata, capite thoraceque

crebre punctulatis, hoc vitta mediana illo vittis duabus, elytris

maculis quatuor, pygidio macula centralis albis.

Long. lin. 3.

Habitat India.

This species belongs to the group of Macronota, which has a

longitudinal excavation on the thorax and scutellum, and to which

Dr. Burmeister restricts the generic name of Macronota ; and to-

gether with MW. Diardi, M. trisulcata, M. dives, forming part of

his first division, although published in the catalogue of Cetoniade

of the collection in the British Museum, under the name of albo-

gutta, it has hitherto remained undescribed. It has also been

received from the Philippine Islands.

Sp. 3. Pachyteria bicolor, De}. (Plate XVIII. fig. 5.)

Nigra elytrorum dimidia anterior, antennarum articulis septem

primis, tibiis anterioribus tarsisque flavis, elytrorum di-

midio posteriore obscure viridi nitido.

Long. 13 inch.

Habitat Java.

This beautiful insect is one of the numerous undescribed species

to be found in the catalogue of the Jate Count De Jean’s collec-

tion, and having been assured by a letter lately received from my

friend Dr. Schaum, from Paris, of the identity of the species, I

have thought it not unworthy of a place in our Transactions.

Fam. BRENTHIDES, Scho,

Cyphagogus* Westwoodu. (Plate XVIII. fig. 9.)

Cyph. niger; nitidus, elytris crenato-striatis ; femoribus incras-

satis, in medio inciso constrictis.

Long. corp. 4 lin.

Hab. Ceylon.

Head a trifle shorter than the thorax, and varying but little in

* From xvpis, a kind of collar; and ay, break, cut asunder, &c., in allusion

to the peculiar form of the prothorax.

new Species of Coleoptera. 183

width throughout; it is about equally broad at the distal ex-

tremity and in the region of the eyes, slightly contracted in the

space between the antennz and the eyes, and more distinctly

contracted behind: the eyes of moderate size, but little convex,

round, and placed nearly midway between the opposite extremities

of the head. On the fore part of the head is a faint longitudinal

groove, and there are some fine punctures scattered on this part:

the hinder part of the head is smooth.

Thorax distinctly longer than broad ; about one-third shorter

than the elytra, but equalling the body in width. The posterior

half of this segment is nearly cylindrical, and exhibits a few in-

distinct longitudinal rugze, and some scattered punctures on the

upper surface. The fore half of the thorax is compressed, so that

the dorsal surface presents an obtuse keel, and on this keel are

two transverse indentations, as well as a longitudinal groove.

The hinder part of the keel is most raised, and forms a hump.

Body nearly cylindrical, but the elytra are slightly depressed

on the fore part: they are crenato-striated. Near the apex of

the elytra the suture is raised.

Femora and tibiz deep and compressed; the hinder femora

long and stout, and swollen in the middle (vide wood-cut); the

tibiae equal in length to the femora, equally stout, and most broad

at the distal extremity. The hinder tarsi are likewise very stout.

The antennz are equal to the thorax in length, moderately

thick at the base, and becoming gradually broader to the apex:

the nine basal joints are nearly spherical; the three terminal

joints are distinctly larger than the rest and somewhat com-

pressed ; two of them present a nearly square outline, whilst the

last joint is longer than broad and somewhat pointed.

This insect approaches to the species of Taphroderes in many

of its characters, but differs in having the head much broader in

front of the eyes, and more especially in the elongated form of

the hinder femora. On account of these differences, I have de-

scribed it under a new generic title; and I may here observe,

that the insect described by Mr. Westwood under the name Ta-

phroderes Whitei, possessing all the essential characters of the

Cyphagogus Westwoodii, should be arranged under the same sec-

tional name. The former insect differs from the C. Westwoodii in

having the thorax distinctly punctured, and in wanting the con-

striction in the middle of the hinder femora; it is moreover much

smaller, and has the tip of the rostrum, as well as the legs and

antenne, pitchy red, whereas in the C. Westwoodu all these parts

are black.

VOL. V. U

184 Mr. J. F. S. Parry on some

- a

iN : i=

I, k, 1, m, n. Details of Taphroderes Westwoodii, g.

I, head ; k, head and prothorax seen sideways.

1, fore leg ; m, hind leg seen sideways; n, ditto seen more obliquely.

Fig. A, b, c. Details of Taphroderes 4-signatus 9 .*

A, head seen from above ; b, fore leg ; c, hind leg.

D, e, f, g, h. Details of Taphroderes Whitei, g&.

D, head; e, head and prothorax seen sideways.

f, fore leg ; g, fore tarsus; h, hind leg.

CreramByx Gracitipes. (Plate XVIII. fig. 6.)

This insect, it appears to me, belongs to the same great division

of the Longicorns as the genera Aromia, Calichroma and their

allies. In having the hinder tibia slender and compressed, and

especially in having the first joint of the hinder tarsus elongated

and much compressed, combined with a thorax destitute of lateral

spines, it approaches most nearly to Chrysoprasis and Promeces.

With the latter it further agrees in having the antenne incrassated

at the apex ; the femora, however, are not clavate as in the spe-

cies of Promeces, the elytra are much shorter and broader, and

the basal joint of the posterior tarsus is distinctly longer than in

either of the genera mentioned.

Ceramb. niger, thorace rugulis transversis, ad latera puncto

albo, postice punctis tribus albis, notato; scutello albo; ely-

tris singulis in medio fascia obliqua interrupta, notaque trans-

versa ad apicem, albis ornatis.

Long. corp. 9 lin. Hab. Ceylon.

The head is rugose, and longitudinally grooved between the

eyes. The thorax is subconical, becoming gradually broader

towards the hinder part, and presents numerous transverse waved

* [The insect here represented agrees with the female of a singular new species

of Taphroderes from Port Natal, to which I have given the name of 7. distortus.

on account of the singular formation of the mandibles of the male, that on the

right hand side being small, whilst the left hand one is as ong as the head, and

very irregular in form. Had the males only been known, it would have been sup-

posed necessary to form a new subgenus for its reception. The female, however,

proves it to belong to the genus Taphroderes, and I have but little doubt that

when the females of T. Whitei and Cyphagogus Westwoodii are known, they wil

prove to be genuine Taphroderes. J. O. W.]

new Species of Coleoptera. 185

rugz on the dorsal surface and sides; on each side is a small

white spot near the middle, and there is a central white spot on

the hinder margin, and a transverse white line on either side.

The scutellum is white. The elytra are not quite three times the

length of the thorax, broadest at the base, and about one-fourth

narrower at the opposite extremity, which is armed with two

small spines, one being on the inner margin, and the other sepa-

rated from this but by a narrowish space. An oblique ridge

passes backward from the humeral angle of each elytron, and

almost reaches the apex, running obliquely inwards in its course ;

the space between the ridge and the suture is flat, or very

slightly concave. At the base, the elytra are rugose; and, be-

yond, they are rather finely punctured. In the middle of each

elytron is an obliquely-transverse white band (descending as it

passes from the suture outwards), which is interrupted in the

middle; and very near the apex is a transverse white spot. The

antennee are rather longer than the body, including head and

thorax; and so are the slender hind legs.

Length, 8 lin.; width, at base of elytra, 2 lin.

Fam. LAMIADH. (Plate XVIII. fig. 8.)

Lamia enea. (Parry).

Lamia nigra; elytris eneis, nitidis, punctato-striatis ; articulis

antennarum ad basin cinerascentibus.

Long. corp. lin. 14. Habitat Guinea.

A new species of Lamia, belonging to the genus of Monohan-

mus, of Meguli; it is from the environs of Cape Coast Castle.

For this and the following species I am indebted to my friend, F.

Swanzy, Esq., a resident in that country. The principal feature

in this species is the dingy brass colouring of the elytra.

Gen. Masticocera, Dej.

Mastigocera barbicornis, Fab. (Plate X VIII. fig. 7.)

M. Thorace spinoso, elytrisque fusco nigroque variis, albo ma-

culatis, articulo tertio fascicula pilorum.

Long. 13 lin. Habitat Guinea.

The description by Fabricius corresponds so exactly with the

insect received by me from the same locality, that I have no

hesitation in presenting it to your notice as such, Although

previously described, yet, being a very rare and beautiful insect,

a figure of it must prove acceptable to the collector of foreign

Coleoptera.

186 Mr. W.S. Dallas’s Notice

XXXVI. Notice of some Hemipterous Insects from Boutan

(East Indies), with Descriptions of the new Species. By

W.S. Dattuas, Esq., F.L.S.

[Read February 5th, 1849.]

Havine been kindly permitted by Dr. Horsfield to examine the

Hemiptera belonging to the museum of the East India Company,

I have now the pleasure to lay before the Society a note of those

species of Scutelleride and Pentatomide contained in a small

collection of Hemipterous insects from Boutan. I have thought

it better to give a list of all the species in this collection, as

Boutan (or Bhotan) is a district in the extreme north of India,

almost entirely surrounded by hills, and from this isolated position

its Fauna becomes interesting. A good many of the species have

been originally described from Javanese specimens.

Fam. SCUTELLERID &.

Of the Scutelleride we have the Australian and Javanese J'ec-

tocoris Banksii, Don.; Peecilocoris Drurei, Lin.; P. Childreni,

White, and P. Hardnickii, Hope. Of one of the species of Peeci-

locoris the collection contains the larvae, apparently in the last

state, with a memorandum attached, to the effect that the insect is

‘said to infest the tea plants particularly.” Of this family there

are also Callidea abdominalis, purpurea and Roylu, Hope, and a

new species, nearly allied to the last mentioned, which I have

named

Sp. 1. Callidea spingera. (Plate XIX. fig. 3)

C. fusco-testacea, violaceo-vel eeneo-nitida, thoracis angulis la-

teralibus in spinam parvam acutam productis, abdominis

margine crenato, rubro, violaceo-variegato, 6 @.

Long. ¢ lin. 7, 2 lin. 73, hemelytrorum membrana inclusa.

Broadly ovate, rather convex. Above brownish testaceous,

with violet or brassy reflections, very thickly and finely punc-

tured. Head violet, shining, faintly punctured and transversely

wrinkled, the central lobe darker in colour. Eyes brown; ocelli

red. Thorax faintly punctured, with the lateral angles produced

into a small acute spine on each side, the anterior and lateral mar-

gins, and in the male the whole anterior portion, coppery or violet,

shining; on each side, towards the anterior margin, is a small

of some EHemipterous Insects from Boutan. 187

transverse fovea, surrounded by a brassy green ring. Scutellum

very finely punctured, and faintly wrinkled transversely, especially

at the base, which is brassy, coppery or violet. Elytra brown,

with the margins pale testaceous. Margins of the abdomen pro-

jecting slightly beyond the scutellum, bright red, crenated, each

segment bearing two small projections or tubercles ; abdomen

beneath deep blue violet, very smooth and finely punctate, with a

strong brassy green reflection; a violet line on the margin of each

segment, running between the red tubercles. Anal apparatus

red, violet at base in the male. Breast shining violet, punctured ;

the antero-lateral margins and the prominent lateral angles red-

dish. Legs shining violet, finely pilose. Tarsi black. Antenne

and rostrum black, the former covered with short hairs.

This species in its general form, and more especially in the

form and colouring of the abdomen, approaches very closely to

C. Royli; but it differs from this and indeed from all other

known species of the genus, in the sharp spines which exist at the

lateral angles of the prothorax. It is probable that the insect,

when alive, presents a most splendid appearance, as the metallic

tints, which ornament its surface when viewed in certain lights,

are evidently only the remains of former brilliancy.

Three more species complete the list of Scutelleride ; they are

the Lucorysses Baro, Fab.; Calliphara nobilis, Fab. ( Tectocoris

perpleca, Hope); and the Coptosoma cribrarium, Fab.

Fam. PENTATOMID.

Of the group Asopides, Am. Serv. there are but two species.

The first is the Cazira verrucosa, Westw. (not Am. Serv.), of

which there is a specimen of the male in the typical condition,

and one of what appears to be a black variety of the female.

The other species appears to be identical with the dsopus (Arma)

geometricus, (Hag.) Burm, and approaches very closely to Penta-

toma aliena, Hope. As neither of the descriptions given by these

authors is sufficient to determine the insect perfectly satisfactorily,

I have subjoined one in a more detailed form.

Genus Arma, Hahn., Am. and Serv.

Sp. 2. Arma geometrica. (Plate XIX. fig. 2.)

Asopus geometricus (Hag.), Burm., Rh., p. 80, 7.

Pentatoma aliena, Hope Cat., p. 40?

A. elongata, olivacea vel fusco-testacea, punctatissima, spinis

188 Mr. W. 8S. Dallas’s Modzce

thoracis unidentatis ; linea transversa thoracis, scutelli apice,

marginibusque elytrorum, albidis, ¢.

Long. lin. 7.

Body elongate-ovate, the sides nearly parallel. Olive-brown,

or brownish-testaceous, very thickly punctured. Thorax with

the lateral angles produced into a short, acute, black spine, which

is distinctly toothed on its hinder margin; a pale yellowish line

runs across the disc of the thorax from angle to angle. Scu-

tellum rather dark at the base, the apex white.* Elytra with the

external margin whitish; the membrane transparent. Abdomen

beneath punctured, with an irregular line down the centre, and

the stigmata, black. Legs, rostrum and antenne yellowish brown;

the tip of the third joint of the antenna, and the whole of the

fourth, except the base, black. ‘Tarsi pitchy.

Of the Cydnides there is only one small species, which appears

to agree very nearly with Hope’s description of his Cydnus

Capicola.

Amongst the Halydes we have only four species, of which one

is the Halys (Dalpada, A. and S.) oculata, Fab. ; the second ap-

proaches very closely to Halys obscura, Hope; the third appears

to be undescribed. This species will not enter any of MM.

Amyot and Serville’s sufficiently numerous genera. According

to their systematic table, it should fall in their genus Thelima ;

but it does not at all agree with the characters given of that genus

in the body of the work. It appears to me to enter, or to ap-

proach very closely to, the genus Dichelops of the Marquis Spi-

nola, and under this it will be best to range it. The rostrum

barely reaches the second segment of the abdomen. The lateral

lobes of the head (fig. 3 a) pass the central one considerably, and

meet beyond it, but leave a good-sized notch at the apex of the

head. The lateral margins of the head are notched a little behind

the apex, and again a little before the eyes. The ventral furrow

is scarcely perceptible. I call the species—

Sp. 3. Halys (Dichelops?) obscura. (Plate XIX. fig. 3.)

H. (D.) ovata, fusca, punctatissima, antennis rufo-fuscis, arti-

culis 2 ultimis, basi excepto, nigris, ¢, @.

Long. lin. 7—73.

Body ovate. Above brown, obscure, very thickly punctured.

Thorax with the lateral angles somewhat prominent, margins pale

* This character is not given by Burmeister.

of some Hemipterous Insects from Boutan. 189

or yellow. Head, thorax and scutellum slightly clouded with

yellowish. Elytra with a reddish tint on the coriaceous portion ;

membrane transparent, with a pitchy black spot at the internal

basal angle. (This spot is concealed by the tip of the scutellum

when the wings are closed.) Margins of the abdomen projecting

considerably beyond the elytra on each side. Abdomen beneath

reddish or testaceous brown, smooth, shining; the disc sparingly,

the lateral margins very thickly and finely punctured. Breast

concolorous with the abdomen, sparingly punctured, more thickly

so at the sides. Legs reddish brown, punctured with black ; the

tarsi darker. Rostrum reddish brown, darker at the tip. An-

tennze of the same colour, the two last joints black, except at the

base.

The species appears to vary a good deal, in the colour being

paler or darker, and more or less mixed witi yellowish.

Plate XIX. fig. 3a, the head seen from above; 35, the head seen from

beneath, laterally.

The fourth species is the Halys (Nevroscia) nubila, Fab.

Of the Pentatomides there are also four species, of which two

appear to be undescribed. Those already described are the

Strachia limbata, Fab., a Javanese species, and the Indian Penta-

toma ventralis, Hope. Nearly allied to the latter is one of the

other species, for which I propose the name of—

Sp. 4. Pentatoma crassiventre.

P. rotundato-ovatum, olivaceo-testaceum, angulis thoracis pro-

minentibus rotundatis ; abdomine testaceo, macula magna

subapicali nigra, @.

Long. corp. lin. 4, lat. thor. lin. 3.

Body roundish. Above olive-testaceous, opaque, thickly and

finely punctured with black. Head very thickly and rather

coarsely punctured. Eyes brown. Prothorax with the lateral

angles considerably produced on each side, but rounded at the

apex; emarginate anteriorly for the reception of the head, the

posterior margin straight. The anterior portion of the thorax is

more thickly punctured than the posterior, with a faint transverse

line on each side near the anterior margin, and a very narrow

longitudinal line on the disc, smooth, impunctate. Scutellum

rather more faintly punctate towards the apex. Elytra with a

small impunctate spot on the disc; the membrane transpzrent.

Back of abdomen pitchy black, the margins testaceous, very thickly

punctured with black. Beneath testaceous, smooth, slightly shin-

190 Mr. W.S. Dallas’s Wotice

ing. Abdomen convex, punctured with black, the punctures very

close together towards the margins, thus forming a broad cloudy

line down each side within the line of stigmata; the base of the

second segment, and a large spot in the centre of the fifth and

sixth segments, black. Breast and underside of head concolorous

with the abdomen. Legs pale testaceous, with distinct pitchy

punctures; those on the thighs much larger than those on the

tibize, the apex of the latter and the tarsi tinted with ferruginous.

Antenne with the two basal joints (which are all that exist in the

specimen) pale testaceous; rostrum of the same colour, with the

apex pitchy black.

The fourth species appears to be nearly allied to Cimea rufipes,

Linn., which forms the type of the genus Cimea, as restricted by

Amyot and Serville. It appears to agree in most of its characters

with their description of that genus, but is distinguished from all

the other Pentalomides by its possessing only two joints in the

tarsi. It will probably be found to form the type of a distinct

sub-genus; but as the specimen before me is very much muti-

lated, it will be better for the present to place it provisionally in

the genus Cimex.*

Sp. 5. Cimex? Boutanicus. (Plate XIX. fig. 4.)

C. fuscus, rugoso-punctatus, angulis lateralibus thoracis in

processum magnum latum 5-dentatum productis ¢.

Long. lin. 93, hemelytrorum membrana inclusa.

Body ovate. Above brown, obscure, thickly and strongly

rugose-punctate. Head rather thickly punctured, nearly as broad

in front as behind, and with the anterior margin strongly notched ;

slightly wrinkled posteriorly. Eyes pitchy; ocelli yellowish.

Thorax with the enlarged lateral angles considerably directed

forwards, with five teeth at their apex, of which the third and

fourth from the front are rounded, the others acute. <A strong

spine at each anterior angle of the thorax, immediately behind

the eyes, and the antero-lateral margins are strongly serrated.

Scutellum rather elongated, narrower towards the apex, which is

less punctured than the rest of the body, and margined with

yellowish. Elytra rather paler than the rest of the surface,

* MM. Amyot and Serville place this genus amongst the Rhaphigastrides,

there being a very rudimentary spine at the base of the abdomen ; but although

the present species possesses the slight keel on the sternum, which might appear

to refer it to the following group, yet as I can discover no trace of a ventral spine,

I have thought it better to place it in the Pentatomides.

of some Hemipterous Insects from Boutan. 19h

thickly and coarsely punctured, and somewhat rugose ; membrane

brown. The sides of the abdomen scarcely project beyond the

elytra. Abdomen beneath reddish brown, smooth, impunctate.

Breast paler, with numerous scattered black punctures, which are

larger and closer together on the antepectus ; a large dull wrinkled

patch on each side of the post and medipectus. Coxze smooth.

Legs yellowish brown, mottled with reddish brown; the two-

jointed tarsi are rather paler. Antennze (mutilated) pale yellowish

brown, the basal joint, and the others at base and apex, paler.

Rostrum pale brown, with the apex darker, and the tip of the

basal joint pitchy black.

Plate XIX., fig. 4u, represents the head seen from above ; 45, the

head seen from beneath; 4c, a posterior

tarsus.

The Rhaphigastrides have five representatives in this collection.

Of these two belong to the genus Rhaphigaster, Lap., and the rest

to Acanthosoma. Of the former, the universally distributed

Rhaph. (Nezara) smaragdulus, Fab., with its variety R. torquatus,

Fab., is one; the second species forms the type of a very dis-

tinctly marked sub-genus. It appears to stand between Nezara,

Am. and Serv. (Gastraulax, H. Sch.), and Rhaphigaster, Lap., as

restricted by those authors; differing strikingly from the former

in the length of the ventral spine; from the second in the strongly

developed ventral keel, and from both in the form of the thorax,

the form of the head, and several other characters.

Genus Ruapuicaster, Lap.

Sub-genus Prronocui.us.

Head (fig. 5 a) flat above, narrowed anteriorly, the lateral lobes

passing the intermediate, and united in front of it; apex of head

rounded, with a very slight notch in the centre. Hyes rather

small, very slightly prominent, touching the anterior margin of

the prothorax. Ocelli small, situated rather behind the eyes, and

nearer to those organs than to one another. Antenne (fig. 5 a)

5-jointed, about half as long as the body; first joint short, not

reaching the anterior margin of the head; the other joints gra-

dually increasing in length towards the apex; fourth and fifth

joints thickest; fourth slightly compressed. Rostrum (fig. 5 6)

reaching the base of the ventral spine, of four joints; the first

short, as long as the head, inclosed entirely in a canal, which

reaches the base of the head; second and third joints equal,

VOL. V. x

192 Mr. W.S. Dallas’s Wotice

longer than the first; fourth as long as the first. Thorax inclined

anteriorly; the anterior margin strongly emarginate, almost in a

semicircle, for the reception of the head; the lateral angles very

prominent, acute, and curved forwards, their points reaching

beyond the line of the anterior angles; the antero-lateral margins

are strongly serrated, and there is a distinct tooth behind each

lateral angle. Scutellum long, passing the centre of the abdomen,

the apex narrowed and rounded. Membrane of elytra reaching

beyond the apex of the abdomen, with eight longitudinal nervures,

of which the third, fourth and fifth from the inner margin spring

from a basal cell; the sixth and seventh are united at the base,

and the eighth is very short. Abdomen extending alittle beyond the

elytra on each side; beneath strongly keeled, with a strong basal

spine, which extends forwards as far as the middle of the space

between the intermediate and anterior pairs oflegs. Vulvar appa-

ratus as in Rhaphigaster, &e. Mesosternum with a slight keel in

the centre. Legs rather slender, the posterior longest. Tibe

channelled on the outside, and fringed with small stiff hairs, espe-

cially towards the apex. Tarsi (fig. 5c) pilose, 3-jointed, basal

and terminal joints equal; second very short. Claws and pulvilli

moderate.

The name Prionochilus refers to the serrated margin of the pro-

thorax.

Sp. 6. Rh. (Prionochilus), 8 punctatus. (Pl. XIX. fig. 5.)

R. (P.) fusco-testaceus, nigro-punctatus ; thoracis disco, scu-

tellique basi, punctis 4 majoribus nigris, his in linea trans-

versa dispositis. 9.

Long. lin. 103; lat. thor. lin. 6.

Ovate, testaceous brown, opaque, beneath paler. Above thickly

and finely punctured with black. Prothorax strongly rugose-

punctate, with four black dots arranged in a transverse line across

the disc, from the base of one lateral angle to the other; the

marginal serrations yellowish. Scutellum less closely punctured

than the thorax, distinctly rugose, with four black dots at the

base, placed two close to the posterior margin of the prothorax,

about the same distance from each other as from the lateral angles

of the scutellum, and two behind these, forming with them a small

square. Oneach side of the tip of the scutellum is a small yellow

impunetate spot. Elytra with the punctures arranged somewhat

nebularly ; a small impunctate spot on the disc, a little behind

the middle. Membrane transparent, with a brownish tinge.

of some Hemipterous Insects from Boutan. 193

Ventral spine brown. Legs, rostrum and antenna brownish

testaceous; the fourth joint of the antenne, except its base, the

fifth joint entirely, and the apex of the fourth joint of the rostrum,

black.

Plate XIX., fig. 5a, represents the head seen from above; 5), the head

from beneath and laterally; 5c, a tarsus.

MM. Amyot and Serville have established a genus which they

name Sastragala, for the reception of such species of Acantho-

soma, as have the posterior angles of the prothorax much pro-

duced into a sharp spine. This character is scarcely sufficient to

warrant such a separation, and the greater or less sharpness of

the spine is probably only a sexual character. It is to this divi-

sion of the genus that the three species from Boutan belong; the

first being the Acanthosoma uniguttatum, Don., the species cited

by Amyot and Serville as the type of their genus. The other two

appear to be undescribed.

Sp. 7. Acanthosoma (Sastragala) cornutum. (Pl. XIX. fig. 6.)

A. (S.) supra olivaceum, punctatum, thorace cornuto, scutello

immaculato, ¢. 9.

Long. lin. 6; lat. thor. lin. 43.

4, 9. Above olive, slightly clouded with yellowish, rather

thickly and strongly punctured. Thorax with the lateral angles

strongly cornuted; the processes being more darkly coloured

than the rest of the surface. The antero-lateral margins of the

prothorax beneath are greenish. Scutellum acute, slightly sinu-

ated on each side immediately before the apex. Elytra thickly

and strongly punctured ; membrane brownish at the base, par-

ticularly at the internal angle. Antenne with the first and second

joints concolorous with the body, the apex, and sometimes the

whole of the third, and the fourth and fifth joints pitchy. Legs

pale brownish yellow, with the tibiae and tarsi somewhat darker.

Ventral spine long, reaching as far as the base of the anterior

legs.

4, with the thoracic processes dark olive-green, rounded at

the apex, beneath flat, but not channelled. The membrane of

the elytra is pale, semitransparent ; the abdomen above red, with

broad whitish margins. The body beneath is pale ochreous, with

a reddish tinge towards the apex of the abdomen. Ventral spine

pale.

x 2

194 Mr. W.S. Dallas’s Notice, &c.

@, with the thoracic processes pitchy, very acute, the apex re-

curved, and tipped with bright orange, strongly channelled be-

neath; the membrane of the elytra is brownish; the abdomen

beneath pitchy brown, darkest at the apex, and palest on the

outer margins and along the central keel; ventral spine pale,

tipped with brown. Breast brownish, with the sternal keel semi-

transparent. Head beneath brownish.

This species may be at once distinguished from 4. uniguttatum

by the great size of the thoracic processes ; it also wants the large

orange spot at the base of the scutellum, which that species pos-

sesses.

Sp. 8. Acanth. (Sast.) lineatum.

A. (S.) griseo-testaceum, fusco-punctatum ; thorace linea media

tenui, longitudinali, flava, elytris macula transversa fulva, 9.

Long. lin, 31,

Above dusky testaceous, strongly punctured with brown.

Head yellow, with a brown line on each side of the median lobe,

and a row of brown punctures on each of the lateral lobes. Eyes

brown. ‘Thorax with the lateral spines acute, slightly recurved,

pitchy brown; a transverse band near the anterior margin, and

a narrow longitudinal line along the middle of the thorax, impunc-

tate, yellow. Scutellum, yellowish brown, paler towards the

apex, and with a yellow spot in the centre of the base. Elytra

with the coriaceous portion dusky testaceous, thickly and strongly

punctured, the apex yellowish; a short, transverse, impunctate,

orange band, near the outer margin, considerably beyond the

atten directed towards, but not reaching the internal angle;

membrane transparent, faintly clouded iii brown. Abdomen

above deep red, the margins yellowish. Head, thorax and ab-

domen, beneath, with the legs, rostrum and antenne, testaceous ;

the antenne rather darker. Ventral spine short, scarcely reach-

ing the intermediate legs.

The remaining four species are all described. They are, of the

Edessides, Eusthenes robustus, Le P. and Sery., and Dalcantha dila-

tata, Am. and Serv.; of the Phyllocephalides, Tetroda Histeroides,

Fab., (Phyllocephala furcata, H. Schiffer, who quotes Stoll’s figure,

which is cited by Fabricius for his Zlia Histeroides) ; and lastly,

the singular Megymenum cupreum, Guér.

Mr. J. W. Douglas on the Genus Gelechia. 195

XXXVII. On the British Species of the Genus Gelechia of

Zeller.* By J. W. Douglas, Esq. (Continued from

page 179.)

{Read May 7th, 1849.]

Sp. 21. Rufescens.

Re. rufescens, Haw.

*G., Isabella, F. v. R.

Acomp. tinctella, St., Wood, 1244 (non H.)

Mr. Allis has Haworth’s specimens.

Sp. 22. *Velocella.

G. velocella, Tis., F. v. R. pl. 77, fig. 4, Z.

Lita velocella, D.

L. subsequella, Tr. (non H.)

An. nebulea, St.? Wood, 1191 (non Haw.)

(non 7%. populella, H. 21.)

This is certainly the nebulea of Stephens’s Cabinet, but the

description in his “ Illustrations” does not agree with it. More-

over, he says, “ found in June in gardens within the metropolitan

district,” whereas it is never known to be taken but in dry, sandy

places far from gardens, such as Jerry’s Hill, Putney Heath, the

heath field at West Wickham, &c. in April, never in June; I am,

therefore, doubtful if this be the species intended by Mr. Stephens.

Again, he gives as a synonym “ 77%. populella, H.,” which is a

widely different insect, not agreeing with his description at all,

and not found in Britain hitherto as far as I am aware; so the

name ‘ nebulea, St.,” adopted on the continent for Hiibner’s moth,

because ‘ populella” was already used by Linné, cannot remain

for it, and Treitschke’s name ‘ pinguinella” must be resumed.

Zeller says that velocella appears twice a year, in April and July;

I never saw the second brood.

* Those species marked * are in the collection received from Herr Mann of

Vienna,

196 Mr. J. W. Douglas on the

Sp. 23. Nigra.

Re. nigra, Haw.

An. hortuella, Wood, 1189, St.?

An. rusticella, St. (non H. 17.)

An. cautella, D.

*G. cautella, Z.

Found on the trunks of white poplars, at Wanstead and else-

where, in July. It is very active and difficult to capture.

Sp. 24. * Gibbosella.

G. gibbosella, Z.

An, punctella, Bent. (MS.)

An. Zephyrella, St.? (non H.)

Wood’s figure 1193 does not represent this insect, it appears to

be a copy of Hiibner’s figure of Zephyrella.

Taken in Epping Forest by Mr. Bouchard.

Sp. 25. Contigua.

Re. contigua, Haw.

An. tricolorella, St. (non Haw.) Wood, 1215.

Haworth’s description is not sufficient to distinguish this species

with precision, but his own specimen is in the Collection of the

Entomological Society, with the name attached in his own writing,

so that I have no doubt this is the species intended by him. The

tricolorella of Haworth is probably the Anacampsis decorella of

Stephens, which is an Elachista.

Not rare about Camberwell from May to September in white-

thorn hedges, in which many other plants grow. I know nothing

of its early states.

Sp. 26. Diffinis.

Re. diffinis, Haw. St. ?

Re. nebulea, Haw.

An, Listerella, Wood, 1190 (bad), (non Haw.)

Lita dissimilella, D. pl. 297, fig. 4.

*G. scabidella, Z.

This moth is also very imperfectly described by Haworth, but

the Entomological Society has Haworth’s specimen labelled by

himself. I have often taken this species in sandy places at

British Species of the Genus Gelechia of Zeller. 197

Putney Heath, Blackheath, and Dartford Heath, in May, and last

year at West Wickham Wood in September.

The nebulea of Haworth, with his own label attached, is in Mr.

Allis’s collection, and is difinis, with the markings worn down.

Sp. 27. Maculella.

Ti. maculella, F. vol. 8, pt. 2, p. 306, No. 82.

Re. maculea, Haw.

An. maculella, St.

An. nivella, Wood, 1224.

*G, blandella, F. v. R. (Mann.)

Sp. 28. Rhombella.

G. rhombella, Z. (non An. rhombella, St., Wood.)

Ti. rhombella, W. V.? H. 277 (not good).

Lita rhombella, Tr.? Dup. pl. 297, fig. 7 (good).

Re. rhombea, Haw.

Expansion of wings 7 lines.

Head ashy grey. Palpi grey, the end of terminal joint black.

Antenne annulated, black and white alternately. Thorax ashy

grey. Anterior wings ashy grey, caused by dark atoms on a white

ground; a longish black spot at the base on the costa; two black

spots on the disc, one before, the other behind, the middle; two

small opposite black spots beyond, one of them on the superior

the other on the inferior margin, and then a faint fascia. Inferior

wings leaden grey. Body ashy.

Mr. J. F. Stephens has two specimens without a name. My

examples [ received from Mr. S. Stevens, who took them on apple

trees. Neither Hiibner’s figure nor Treitschke’s description well

agree with our insect, inasmuch as three spots are represented and

described as in the centre of the wing, whereas in our moth there

are but two so situated, and the shape of the spots is not the same ;

but both Hiibner and Treitschke are quoted by Duponchel, and his

figure well represents our insect. Mr, Allis has Haworth’s specimen.

Sp. 29. * Proximella.

G. proximella, Z.

Ti. proximella, H. 228 (not good).

Lita proximella, Tr., Dup. pl. 297, fig. 10.

Re. punctifera, Haw.

An. rhombella, St., Wood, 1194.

Mr. Allis has Haworth’s specimens, both of his a and (3 varieties

of punctifera.

198 Mr. J. W. Douglas on the

Not rare in birch and alder trees in May and June. Treitschke

says the larva is whitish green, with three longitudinal streaks, of

which the dorsal one is red, and two lateral ones reddish grey.

He also says it feeds on birches.

Sp. 30. * Sequax.

Re. sequax, Haw.

*G. apicistrigella, F. v. R. (Mann.)

Lita apicistrigella, D. Supp. pl. 74, fig. 4 (very bad).

An. contigua, Wood, 1212.

Haworth’s specimen, with his ticket attached, is in the Collection

of the Entomological Society.

Taken on the downs beyond Croydon in July.

Sp. 31. * Teniolella.

G. teniolella, 7.

Lita teniolella, Tr. (MSS.)

Harp. cinctella, St.? L.? Wood, 1390.

Anterior wings black, with a white straight fascia in the centre,

which shines through on the underside, and is continued on the

margin of the posterior wings, which are entirely black on the

upper side,

There are two other species closely allied to this one, and there

is nothing in the descriptions of either Linné or Stephens to show

which one is intended by the name ‘ cinctella.”

Taken on the downs near Croydon and Mickleham in June.

Sp. 32. Domestica.

Re. domestica, Haw.

An. domestica, St., Wood, 1203.

G. Basaltinella, Z.

I thought from Herr Zeller’s description of his G. Basaltinella

that it referred to this species; but as he found his specimens on

Basalt pebbles, covered with moss, at Spitzberg, and we find ours

in houses and gardens near London, I doubted if it were really

identical. Lately, however, Herr Zeller having sent me speci-

mens, I am sure it is the same species.

Sp. 33. * Lentiginosella.

G. lentiginosella, Z.

Lita lentiginosella, Tis., F. v. R. pl. 80, fig. 3.

Expansion of wings, 83 lines.

Head, palpi and antennze tawny brown. Anterior wings shining,

rich reddish brown; on the disc before the middle are two spots,

British Species of the Genus Gelechia of Zeller. 199

one above the other, and close together ; beyond the middle, in a

line with the upper of them, is a single spot, all of these are

yellow, each having a black dot in its centre: these spots are not

well seen without a lens. On the costa near the apex is a small

yellow spot, and another smaller and fainter lies below the apex

just within the cilia. Inferior wings dark griseous. Body fuscous.

Described from the only British specimen I know, which was

taken by Mr. Sircom on a wall near Brislington, August 7th.

Sp. 34. * Distinctella.

G. distinctella, Z.

Lita distinctella, F. v. R. pl. 80, fig. 2.

Expansion of wings, 8 lines.

Head, thorax and antenne tawny brown; palpi fuscous, the

terminal joint black, with the extreme tip white. Anterior wings

tawny brown, with three black spots as in terrella, having close to

them, in most specimens, some minute white dots; there is a faint

fascia near the apex, and just within the latter are a few black

spots. Posterior wings dusky, the apices much less prolonged

than in derrella; cilize rather paler than the wings. Body fuscous.

This species is closely allied to terrefla, generally larger than

that species and most unlike it in the shape of the apex of the

posterior wings.

Taken in July in juniper bushes, on the chalky downs beyond

Croydon.

Sp. 35. Vilella.

G. vilella, Z.

Expansion of wings, 83 lines.

Head and thorax griseous; antenne brown; palpi griseous,

terminal joint long, brown beneath. Anterior wings glossy, uni-

formly griseous, with a luteous tinge, dusted all over with brown

atoms. At the base on the costa is a black dot, and another

smaller one below it near the inner margin. On the disc before

the middle is a pale spot, and beyond the middle a still fainter one

but rather larger, a darkish line connecting the two; in the centre

of the first spot lies a black dot, and two are seen in the second,

very faintly marked and distinguishable only with a lens. Posterior

wings silver-grey, ciliz paler. Body griseous.

Taken by Mr. 8S. Stevens last May on the coast of the Isle of

Wight; found once by a friend of Mr. Stainton at Lewisham, and

captured by Mr. Hodgkinson at Northfleet.

200 Mr. J. W. Douglas on the

Sp. 36. Alacella.

G. alacella, Z.

Lita alacella, F. v. R., D.

Expansion of wings, 7 lines.

Head, palpi, antennz and thorax blue-black. Anterior wings

blue-black, with three elevated black spots on the disc, each faintly

circled with white; a comma-shaped whitish spot on the costa,

below it on the inferior margin a very small whitish dot, and a few

very small whitish dots just within the apical fringe. Inferior

wings grey-black. Body fuscous. The underside of all the

wings is grey-black; a small light spot showing on the costa,

opposite to the large spot on the upperside.

First taken in this country by Mr. Bedell in the autumn, out of

an oak at Leatherhead common, and still a rare species with us.

Sp. 37. Peliella.

G. peliella, Z.

Inia pelhelia, Wis., 1r.; D. pl. 297, f. LA:

Expansion of wings, 6 lines.

Head brown, face whitish; palpi, second joint ashy, terminal

joint black, white at the tip. Antenne black-brown, annulated

with white, particularly towards the end. Anterior wings black-

brown, sprinkled with grey atoms, discernible only with a lens ;

a black spot near the base, two before the middle and one beyond,

these last three having some white scales attached; a yellowish

spot on the costa, one opposite on the inner margin, and another at

the apex; cilia mixed with grey. Posterior wings dusky. Body

fuscous.

This species is very like alacella, but the colour of the wings

is brown, not blue-black.

I know only one British specimen taken by Mr. Stainton in the

heath-field at Wickham, where there are many fir-trees ; and Du-

ponchel, quoting Fischer v. R., says it is found in such places.

Sp. 38. Subocellea.

An. subocellea, St., Wood, 1221.

G. internella, Lien., Z. ?

* TZ. dissonella, F. v. R.?

G. dissonella, Z.?

Recently taken by Mr. J. B. Hodgkinson in the chalk-pits at

Northfleet.

British Species of the Genus Gelechia of Zeller. 201

Mann’s specimen of dissonella is larger than any subocellea I

ever saw, and I think darker, nevertheless I believe it to be the

same species, but will not say decidedly without knowing more.

Judging from the description, the internella of Madame Lienig is

possibly the same as our insect, but not having seen it I cannot

say positively. These three moths require to be carefully com-

pared.

Sp. 39. * Artemisiella.

G. Artemisiella, Z.

Lita Artemisiella, Tis., Tr., F. v. R. pl. 30, f. 2,

Dupe ple 2972 fs:

Expansion of wings, 53 lines.

Head grey-brown; palpi greyish, tips black ; antenne black.

Anterior wings deep brown, in which, with a lens, are seen red

streaks; the inner edge is rusty-yellow, especially towards the

base. In the centre, towards the apex, extends a dark streak; a

black dot at the extreme apex, and two or three others in the disc,

more or less visible. Posterior wings fuscous-grey, shining.

Body fuscous.

Taken by Mr. Bedell on Epsom Downs, by myself on Stoat’s-

nest Downs, and by Mr. Logan on Arthur’s Seat, Edinburgh, in

June and July.

Sp. 40. Instabilella.

An. instabilella, Doug. Zool. p, 1270.

I have attempted to describe this species in the Zoologist, but

it is one of those of which no good idea can be conveyed by any

diagnosis, so slight and so varying are its characters. It seems

to be allied to Artemisiella, and has like it a black dot at the apex

of the wing, a mark, by the way, which is one least subject to

variation in this species.

Since I first took it on the salt-marshes in Essex it has been

found at the mouth of the Thames and in Ireland, and seems

quite a maritime species.

202

Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions

XXXVIII. Descriptions of some new Exotic Coleoptera.

By J. O. Westwoop, F.L.S., &ec.

[Read 5th March and 2nd April, 1849.]

Family CARABID.

Sub-family ScarirTipEs.

Genus Carenum, Bonelli.

The two Australian species of this genus, described below, are

supplemental to a monograph on the Australian Scaritides, pub-

lished by me in the first volume of the “ Arcana Entomologica.”

Carenum viridipenne, Westw.

prothorace subquadrato, angulis posticis rotundatis ; nigrum,

leeve, nitidum, prothoracis Jateribus viridi tenue marginatis ;

elytris viridibus, punctis duobus prope basin alterisque duo-

bus ante apicem notatis ; tibiis anticis extus bidentatis.

Long. corp. lin. 8.

Habitat in Nova Hollandia ad littora fluvii Mundarra dicti.

In Mus. Dom. F. Bond.

Careno smaragdulo, Hope (Westw. Arc. Ent. vol. i. pl. 21, fig.

4), affine, sed minus, angustius, punctis 4 elytrorum distinctum.

Caput mediocre nigrum, inter oculos lineis duabus paullo cur-

vatis impressis, antice et postice furcatis, spatio intermedio

convexo, puncto impresso intus furcam anticam tuberculoque

utrinque ad latera labri transversi denticulati, punctisque

duobus aliis utrinque ad marginem internum oculorum.

Prothorax subquadratus, longitudine e quinta parte latior,

angulis anticis obtusis, posticis rotundatis; tenue margi-

natus, disco linea tenui media longitudinale impresso, alte-

raque transversa paullo ante marginem posticum, impres-

sioneque parva utrinque versus eundem marginem. Elytra

ovalia, thoracis latitudine, ad costam depressa, glabra, leete

viridescentia, disci medio nigro; punctis duobus setigeris

prope humeros alterisque duobus pone medium; lateribus

marginatis serieque punctorum intra marginem. Pedes

breves, robusti; tibiis anticis extus bidentatis, latere interno

sub dente priori inermi.

of some new Exotic Coleoptera. 203

Carenum intermedium, Westw.

C. nigrum, nitidum, subangustum, paralellum, capite utrinque

linea curvata impressa notato, pronoto linea media impresso

(in medio disci fere obsoleta), elytris 4-punctatis, tiblisque

anticis bidentatis.

Long. corp. lin. 94; lat. prothoracis lin, 23.

Habitat in Adelaida, Nove Hollandiz. Dom. Smith.

In Mus. Westw.

C. tinctilato affine, at angustius. Caput prothorace paullo an-

gustius, lzeve, nitidum; angulis anticis supra basin antennarum

rotundato-prominentibus. Clypeus antice recte truncatus,

utrinque tuberculo conico porrecto, ad Jatera labri. La-

brum brevissimum, transversum, subtrilobatum. Vertex inter

oculos utrinque linea curvata impressa notatus, ad basin ex-

ternum mandibularum antice extensa, lineam tenuem vix dis-

tinctam (furcam anticam formante) antice emittenti, punctis-

que duobus setigeris ad marginem internum oculorum. Pro-

thorax quadratus; angulis posticis rotundatis, seu potius

semi-ovalis, angulis anticis obtusis, lateribus tenue marginatis,

punctis tribus parvis intus marginem, impressione transversa

ante apicem, impressionibus duabus fere indistinctis intus

angulos posticos, disco linea tenui longitudinale impressa

(ante basin et apicem abbreviata, at in medio disci fere ob-

literata). Elytra elongato-ovalia, satis angusta, in medio

parum latiora, convexa, levia, nitida, marginata; lateribus

anguste cyaneo-tinctis, et serie punctorum impressis, singulo

etiam ad basin punctis tribus transverse positis, intermedio

minori, punctisque duobus majoribus impressis, uno versus

basin, altero ante apicem. Pedes satis graciles, tibiis anticis

latis, extus bidentatis.

I am indebted to W. P. Smith, Esq., of Caernarvon, a very

assiduous Coleopterist, for my specimen of this and other rare

insects from Adelaide.

Family HELOPID.

Genus novum. Proruanss, Westw.

Corpus alatum, oblongum, depressum, pedibus subelongatis.

Caput mediocre, clypeo transverso, angulis anticis rotundatis,

supra basin antennarum extensis, labro transverso, instru-

mentis cibariis ut in Helopidibus genuinis; palporum maxil-

larium articulo apicali securiformi; labialium subsecuriformi

204

Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions

parvo. Mandibule apice bidentato, intus incisione profunda

membrana tecta. Antenne mediocres, articulis duobus basa-

libus brevibus, 3-tio omnium longissimo; ultimis breviori-

bus, submoniliformibus, non aut vix incrassatis. Prothorax

latior quam longus, antice angustior, disco parum convexo.

Elytra oblongo-subovata, subdepressa, parum rugosa, late-

ribus fere parallelis ad basin prothorace latiora, ultra medium

paullo dilatata, apicibus sensim attenuatis. Pedes satis elon-

gati, simplices, tarsis heteromeris haud dilatatis. Prosternum

pone basin pedum anticorum extensum in fossula triangulari

mesosterni subreceptum, metasternum satis elongatum, pos-

tice inter trochanteres posticos emarginatum et ante apicem

in medio profunde impressum.

This genus approaches very near to Cyphaleus, Hope (Westw.

Arc. Ent. vol. i. pl. 12, fig. 1), but is distinguished by its more

flattened form and less rugose surface. The species have some-

what the appearance of large narrow metallic-coloured species of

Colymbetes. They are exclusively natives of Western and Southern

Australia.

Sp. 1. Prophanes aculeatus, Westw. (PI. XXIy. fig. 4.)

Pr. niger, elytris nigro-zeneis, nitidis, irregulariter punctatis,

lineisque subelevatis notatis, apicibus acuminatis, prothoracis

angulis anticis acute porrectis, disco bi-impresso.

Long. corp. lin. 12.

Habitat apud Swan River, Nove Hollandiz.

In Mus. Melly.

Antenne subbreves, articulis apicalibus parum latioribus. Pro-

thorax transversus, lateribus fere rectis, versus angulos pos-

ticos paullo rotundatis, angulis anticis elongato-aculeatis,

Jateribus marginatis, disco tenuissimé punctato, in medio bi-

impresso, utrinque etiam ad marginem posticum fossula pa-

rum profunda instructo. Elytra ad apicem sensim attenuata

et singulo in spinam terminalem producto, disco singuli lineis

tribus parum elevatis glabris, interstitiis punctatis.

Sp. 2. Prophanes metallescens, Westw. (Pl. XXII. fig. 5, and details).

Pr. niger, nitidus, punctatus, elytris aneo purpureoque tinctis,

apicibus truncatis, angulis externis truncature spinosis, pro-

thoracis angulis anticis acute porrectis, angulis posticis ob-

lique truncatis.

Long. corp. lin. 11.

of some new Exotic Coleoptera. 205

Habitat in Nova Hollandia, ad littora fluvii Mundarra dicti.

In Mus. Dom. F. Bond.

Preecedenti minor, et angustior, antennis pedibusque graciliori-

bus et paullo longioribus. Caput magis elongatum, oculis

permagnis in occiput fere conjungentibus. Palpi maxillares

articulo ultimo magis securiformi. Antenne graciles, arti-

culis ultimis preecedentibus brevioribus at non crassioribus.

Prothorax lateribus profunde marginatis, fere rectis, angulis

anticis valde et acutissime porrectis, angulis posticis oblique

truncatis, disco punctato, margineque postico utrinque im-

pressione ovali parum profunda notato. Elytra lateribus

valde marginatis, apice truncata, angulis externis truncature

spina acuta armatis; punctata, punctis versus basin majoribus,

nigris, purpureo-nitidis, regione scutellari aneo, apicibusque

late viridi-czeruleis (colore purpureo fasciam latam ex humeris

ad apicem suture formanti). Antenne et pedes nigri, tibiae

4-postice intus pilis nigris vestitee.

Sp. 3. Prophanes simplex, Westw.

Pr. niger, nitidus, sub lente tenuissime punctatus, elytris parum

zeneo-tinctis, prothorace elytrisque ad apicem inermibus.

Long corp. lin. 10.

Habitat in Nova Hollandia, Port Philip.

In Mus. Hope et Westw.

Caput sub lente punctatum, impressione transversa ante oculos

clypeo profunde emarginato, emarginatura membranacea, an-

tennis palpisque piceis. Prothorax transversus, lateribus

marginatis, parum rotundatis, antice angustior ; disco sub

lente punctato et sparsim setoso, utrinque pone oculos et ante

scutellum bi-impresso. Scutellum basi lave. Elytra protho-

race latiora, lateribus subparalellis, ad apicem acuminata,

haud spinosa, parum convexa; sub lente punctatissima et

longitudinaliter costata, costis numerosis at fere indistinctis.

Corpus subtus cum pedibus nigrum, sparsim punctatum et

setosum.

Sp. 4. Prophanes striato-punctatus, Westw.

Pr. niger, nitidus, elytris ceeruleo-nigris, profunde striato-punc-

tatis; prothorace et elytris inermibus. Magnitudo Pr. sim-

plicis.

Habitat in Nova Hollandia. Melborne.

In Mus. Melly.

206 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions

Genus novum. PLatypHanes, Westw.

Prophani affine. Corpus latum, sub-semiglobosum. Caput

parvum. lLabrum breve, transversum. Mentum postice

angustatum, maxillarum basin haud tegens. Palpi labiales

articulo ultimo valde securiformi. Antenne breves, articulo

3tio longo, apicalibus sensim incrassatis. Prothorax trans-

versus, antice angustior, lateribus curvatis marginatis, margine

postico in medio parum producto. Elytra lata, valde convexa,

breviter sub-cordata, apice inermia. Prosternum postice

prominulum, in mesosterni processu bifido receptum. Corpus

subtus fere planum.

Platyphanes gibbosus, Westw. (PI. XXII. fig. 6, and details.)

P]. supra nigro-zneus, nitidus, capite et pronoto levibus, ely-

tris ad basin magis czruleis; singulo striis 14 punctatis, ante

apicem evanescentibus ; corpore subtus nigro nitido.

Long. corp. lin, 11.

Habitat in Nova Hollandia.

In Mus. Melly.

Platyphanes vittatus, Klug, MS.

P]. sub-globosum, viride, metallicum, elytrorum singulo vitta

lata rufa nitida metallica cum sutura paralella, ornato.

Long. corp. lin. 7.

Habitat Adelaida, Novze Hollandiz.

In Mus. Melly.

Family BRENTHID.

Genus Taruropveres, Schonh.

Taphroderes distortus, Westw. (Pl. XXII. fig. 3, and details.)

Elongatus, gracillimus, subcylindricus, glaberrimus, leevissimus ;

totus rufo-castaneus, pronoto et vitta suturali elytrorum

nigricantibus, elytris apice truncatis, striis duabus impressis

juxta suturam, alteraque intra marginem lateralem, disco sub-

obsolete striato punctato; mandibulis maris difformibus, dextra

parva apice truncata, basi supra dente recuryo armata;

sinistra capitis longitudine, curvata, apice valde obtuso, mar-

gine supero dente obtuso denteque altero interno versus basin

armata.

Long. corp. lin. 7 (mandibulis maris inclusis).

Habitat in Natalia.

In Mus. Westwood (g). Mus. Brit. (¢ 9).

of some new Exotic Coleoptera. 207

Male.—The head of the male is nearly equal to the prothorax

in length. The eyes are situated at about one-third of the distance

from its anterior edge, and behind the eyes it is rather swollen,

being again contracted close to the prothorax into a rather narrowed

very short neck. The anterior extremity of the head is triangular

and deeply excavated, the excavation terminated behind by a

slightly curved and raised ridge, at the sides of which, very near

the outer base of the mandibles, the antenne are fixed ; which are

scarcely longer than the head, with the four terminal joints wider

and larger than the intermediate ones. The mandibles are very

remarkable in their construction. The right one is about one-

fourth of the head in length, slightly curved, and seen laterally

almost square, with the end truncate and rather emarginate; the

upper basal angle is produced intoa strong obtuse tooth extending

backwards over the base of the right antenna. The left mandible

is as long as the head, compressed, curved, deflexed at its extre-

mity, which is obtuse, angulated on the upper edge with a strong

obtuse tooth beyond the middle, and with a deep notch forming a

strong tooth on the inside. The maxille are very minute, formed

of a single elongate internally ciliated lobe, narrowed to the tip and

angulated at the base, from which arise the small sub-conical and

apparently only three-jointed palpi, the terminal joint of which is

the smallest, and pointed. I have not been able to determine the

form of the mentum, or to discover any traces of the labial palpi.

A minute horny piece, emarginate on its inner edge, and with a

small bundle of setze in the middle of the outer edge, terminated

also by several shorter setee, was observed within the mouth on

dissection, and may be the mentum injured by the knife.* The

prothorax is about two-thirds of the length of the elytra; it is

highly polished, with a slightly raised ring in front, behind which

it is rather constricted, owing to the Jateral excavations for the

reception of the fore legs, common to the species of Taphroderes,

as well as to other insects which reside, as these insects doubtless

do, in cylindrical burrowsin wood. The legs are also very short,

* The structure of the instrumenta labialia in the Brenthide does not appear to

have been hitherto determined. Within the mouth of Brenthus Temminckii, the

largest species of the family, I have observed a small horny piece, dilated and

deeply bifid in front, the undersurface of the head being terminated by a deeply

emarginate horny plate, which is doubtless the extremity of the jugulum, the

small bifid piece being most probably the representation of the mentum destitute

of Jabium and labial palpi. In Arrhenodes litigiosus, De}. (Columbia), I have

observed a distinct transverse mentum, narrowed at the base, rounded at the lateral

angles and emarginate in front; its inner surface is clothed with fine short hairs,

but I have found no trace of labium or labial palpi.

VOL, V. Y

208 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions

and the tibia are not more than half the length of the tarsi, a pecu-

liarity which of course permits greater flexibility in the limb; the

anterior femora are the thickest, but all the legs are simple, the

tarsi are four-jointed and compressed, the three basal joints setose

beneath, the third shortest and notched above for the reception of

the base of the terminal joint, which scarcely exhibits any trace of

the node at the base. The abdomen is singularly formed, the

greater portion of the ventral surface being occupied by the basal

joint, which is very convex. This is followed by two very short

tranverse joints, obliquely truncated, the terminal joint being also

very short, semi-oval, and with a deep central longitudinal channel.

The wings are nearly twice the length of the elytra, folded near

the middle, the apical half traversed by three longitudinal veins.

The female has the head formed somewhat like that of the spe-

cimen of Taphroderes Whitii figured in my Cabinet of Oriental

Entomology, pl. 15, fig. 6, the snout being nearly half as long as

the head, and about two-thirds of its width, with the antenne in-

serted at a little distance in front of the eyes; the mandibles are

minute, conical, pointed at the tip, with a very small tooth on the

inside. The legs are simple, and the antenne are like those of

the male.

The rarity of the species of Taphroderes, and the remarkable

sexual differences which they exhibit, render the discovery of

both sexes of another species very instructive. The specimens

of Taph. Whitu, which I have hitherto observed, (another having

been recently received by the Entomological Society from India,

in the splendid collection forwarded by Captain Hutton,) nearly

agree with the female of 7. distortus in the form of snout (except

that it is rather wider and the antennz are affixed nearer to the

apex than to the eyes) and also in the antenna, peculiar excavated

sides of the prothorax and tarsi; but the prothorax is strongly

punctate, and the elytra are rounded at the apex and regularly

punctate-striate ; but the most remarkable character of 7. Whitii,

which leads at once to the idea that the specimens are males, is

the elongation of the hind legs, with the strong clavation of the

posterior femora.

Captain Parry’s Ceylon TYaphroderes has a still shorter and

broader rostrum, rather dilated at its extremity, with the antenne

affixed about half-way between the eyes and the apex, and the

hind femora are broad and compressed, with a deep notch both on

the upper and lower edge: the elytra are deeply punctate-striate

and the tip rounded, Compared with the specimen of Taphroderes

4-signatus, Buq., next to be noticed, this Ceylon insect must be

of some new Exotic Coleoptera. 209

regarded as a male, especially from the shortness and breadth of

the muzzle and the form of the mandibles, which is another reason

for considering the specimens of 7’. Whitit to be males. The only

specimen of 7’. 4-sgnatus which I have seen in the British Museum

Collection has the muzzle much narrower than in any of the pre-

ceding insects, with the antennz inserted at its base at some dis-

tance from the eyes ; its extremity is notched, and the mandibles

are minute, conical, and porrected; the legs simple, the elytra

glabrous, except an impressed stria near the suture, and another

within the lateral margin. This specimen, I apprehend, is a

female.* All these insects are remarkable for having the fore legs

more powerful than the middle ones. They are also very valuable

for enabling us to determine with precision the affinities of that

most remarkable insect Calodromus Mellii, with which they agree

in the general form of the body, excavated sides of the prothorax,

elongated basal joint of the abdomen and structure of the normal

tarsi. The antennz have only the three terminal joints dilated, as

in T. Whitt, 4-stgnatus, and Westnoodii; whilst there are four di-

lated joints in 7’. distortus, the muzzle is not elongated in either

sex, the head not exhibiting any marked difference between them,

and the abnormal condition of the hind legs is found (in a dif-

ferent state of development) in both sexes.

The very singular formation of the mandibles of the male of

T. distortus may be regarded, I think, as the greatest departure

from that law of symmetry which exists so universally in the limbs

of the two sides of insects. ‘That some difference of form should

exist between the two opposite organs of an insect which act upon

each other is not surprising. Indeed it is curious that so little atten-

tion has been paid to this difference; the mandibles, for instance,

must differ to a certain extent in the position of the teeth depend-

ing upon their action upon each other, and yet we find, in general,

a single mandible represented as affording the only necessary

character to be derived from the examination of the mandibles.

Where also the upper wings act upon each other, as in the musical

organs of the Gryllide, a difference must also exist between the

two organs on the opposite sides of the body. In the insect before

us, however, there seems no necessity for the singular discrepancy

between the two mandibles, the extremity of the left mandible

extending far beyond the right one; indeed, if [ had not seen more

than a single specimen of the male insect, I should have considered

it as a monstrosity.

* See ante, p. 184, for figures of the details of different species of Tuphroderes.

210 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions

Section LONGICORNES.

Genus novum. Ericusonia, West.

Corpus elongatum, parallelum, subcylindricum.

Caput breve, transversum, prothorace vix angustiore ; facie per-

pendiculari, 4-carinata; clypeo in angulum inter mandibulas

producto, labrum occultanti. Oculi laterales reniformes. An-

tennze ante oculos prope mandibulas insertz, prothorace bre-

viores, articulis subserratis, apicalibus sensim gracilioribus.

Labrum haud visibile. Mandibulz breves, subtrigonz, apice

acute, sub apicem bifida, intus edentatz, basi intus parum

dilatatee. Maxille breves, basi extus dilatatae, lobo apicali

elongato simplici longe setoso, lobo interno obliterato. Palpi

maxillares in scapum distinctum inserti, articulis 4; basa-

libus brevibus subaequalibus, articulo apicali reliquis simul

sumtis fere equali, oblongo-ovali. Mentum brevissimum,

transversum, medio marginis antici emarginato. Labium

parvum, integrum, setosum. Palpi labiales in scapos late-

rales insidentes, 3-articulati, articulo ultimo majori, paullo

curvato et precedentibus parum crassiori. Prothorax ob-

longus, angulis omnibus obtusis, disco 4-carinato. Elytra

prothorace vix latiora oblonga, parallela, basi truncata punc-

tata; apice rotundata. Pedes breves, crassi, tibiis ad apicem

bicalcaratis, caleari uno in pedibus anticis valde elongato,

tarsis angustis, valde setosis, articulo 3tio obcordato. Ab-

domen e segmentis quinque equalibus constans.

This insect has so singular a facies, that its real affinities

might be easily overlooked. ‘Thus in its general shape, colour

and remarkably sculptured prothorax, it bears a strong prima

facie resemblance to Rhysodes and the allied genera; yet its more

important characters prove that, notwithstanding the shortness

of the antenne, its legitimate position is amongst the Longicorn

beetles, and amongst these I know no other insects towards which

it approaches more closely than to Parandra and Spondylis.

The general character of the underside of the head and trophi

is essentially that of the Longicorn beetles, but the carinated

head, and serrated antenne attenuated to the tip, as well as the

large hooked spur of the fore tibiae and the very short hind legs,

are especially characteristic. The tarsi are strictly pseudo-tetra-

merous, the third joint being heart-shaped, with the real fourth

joint very minute and fixed in the deep impression of the pre-

ceding joint; the terminal joint is nearly as long as all the pre-

ceding joints taken together. The elytra are 24 times longer

of some new Exotic Coleoptera. 211

than wide, and the apex of the prosternum is deflexed, and extends

in a rather narrow carina between the anterior coxe, scarcely

reaching backwards beyond the latter; the mesosternum is sim-

ple. The mandibles are bifid at the tip, but the under tooth is

scarcely visible when seen from above. The anterior surface of

each of the joints of the antenne (after the second) is impressed

and covered with a papillose membrane, and the tibia are fur-

nished with two spurs, one of which in the fore legs is nearly as

long as the basal joint of the tarsus; on the other feet they are of

equal size.

With the typical Cucujide (with which it has been regarded as

allied) this insect possesses but little real affinity, as may be seen

by consulting my illustrations of a paper on the relations of the

genus Clinidium, published in the last volume of the Zoological

Journal, whereas the details of Spondylis, there given(Pl. XLVII.

Supp. fig. 8), are much nearer in affinity. There are two remark-

able genera represented with their details in my “Cabinet of

Oriental Entomology,” P]. XLI. fig. 6 and 7, under the names of

Prionophora and Petalophora, also of doubtful relationship, which

it will be serviceable to compare with the insect before us, nor

must T'rictenotoma and Hypocephalus be overlooked.

Erichsonia dentifrons, Westw. (Pl. XXII. fig. 2, and details.)

E. castanea, nitida, rude punctata, capite antice longitudinaliter

4-carinata, carinis intermediis contiguis; pronoto etiam

4-carinato, carinis lateralibus ex angulis anticis fere ad mar-

ginem posticum suboblique extensis, intermediis antice et

postice abbreviatis ; elytris pallidioribus, nitidis, irregulariter

punctatis, lateribus setosis.

Long. corp. lin. 53.

Habitat in Mexico.

In Mus. Chevrolat, etiam olim in Mus. Dupont, Parisiis.

The Coleopterous insect last described is so singular and inte-

resting in its relations, that I have not hesitated to depart from

the ordinary rule of Entomological nomenclature, by giving to it

a generic term, commemorative of the name of an Entomologist

of the highest excellence, who has lately been removed from among

us. I am well aware of the objections which have been raised

against the use of names of individuals as applied to designate

insects or other objects of nature, either generically or specifi-

cally. Some authors indeed seem to take up a name of this kind

in many cases, for want of a better, and therefore we often see

212 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions

the name of an excellent author applied to a species which is so

insignificant aud obscure as not to possess characters sufficiently

marked to furnish a characteristic specific name. Other authors,

again, seem to delight in taking up such commemorative names

by way of raillery, or even from spite. Of this latter malappro-

priation it would be invidious to cite examples, although they are

well known to many naturalists and Entomologists.*

The real principle which ought to be our guide, in the appli-

cation of such names, is admirably expressed in the two following

aphorisms of Fabricius. ‘ Nomina trivialia ad clarissimorum

virorum memoriam conservandam introducta sancte servanda.

Hoe unicum et summum laboris premium caste dispensandum

ad imitamentum et ornamentuim Entomologie.”}

Can it however be said to be an “ ornamentum Entomologize”

to see its nomenclature defiled by instances of bad feeling or worst

taste? Are these honorary titles ‘‘ caste dispensanda” when the

names of worthy writers are wilfully conjoined for ever with insig-

nificant species of Scolopendre, spiders, or other venomous or para-

sitic insects? I am quite willing to believe, that in many cases an

author has been anxious to confer a distinction on his fellow

labourer by such a step, but his judgment has been at fault, and

in some cases his desire to please has proved a source of annoy-

ance and ridicule. The Fabrician rule does not appear to me

sufficiently strong in this case. It merely says, ‘‘Scopoli hic

nomina trivialia aranearum recepit, at minus placent, aranearum

species luridz ingratze nec adhuc rite determinate.” I would go

much farther, and would erase every commemorative name of

this kind, known to have been suggested by the feelings I have

above spoken against, and even such as suggest any other idea

but that of honour to the person whose name is so commemo-

rated.

Another circumstance connected with the employment of pro-

per names, which does not appear to me to have been suffi-

ciently attended to, is its adoption for all the species throughout

certain groups. No one advocated uniformity more than Lin-

nzus, and his plan of commemorative names is very worthy of

being pursued. ‘* Nomina trivialia Papilionum splendidorum pa-

tronorum fautorumque memorize, Pyralidum vero amatorum,

Tinearum denique scriptorum dicant a Linné, quem et nos secuti

sumus.” We know, too, how carefully he followed this system,

even in the divisions of his Greeks and Trojan butterflies. How

* See e. g. Smith, Introd. to Botany, by Hooker, pp. 189, 190.

t Philosoph. Entomol. pp. 118, 119.

of some new Exotic Coleoptera. 913

irksome is it then to see the mode in which the names of the spe-

cies of some modern groups are manufactured. Here we see the

names of Gods and Heroes, in the nominative case, applied to the

most diminutive species, mingled with those commemorative of

previous writers or collectors in the nominative or genitive cases,

and these again with simple adjectives.

We cannot in these matters do better than follow in the foot-

steps of the great masters of our science, and therefore it is that

I would advise the plan adopted by Mr. Kirby, of distinguishing

the names commemorative of Entomological writers by the ter-

mination el/a, and those of collectors by the termination ana, or

some such like plan.

The employment of these commemorative names for generic

purposes has not been carried so far in Zoology as in Botany.

That there was a reason for this at first is evident from the

words of Fabricius—‘‘ Botanica nomina generica hunc in finem

introduxerunt, at in Entomologia genera pauciora raroque nova

deteguntur.”* But Zoologists are now at no loss for new genera,

and therefore, except for the sake of preserving the long main-

tained uniform plan of employing them specifically in Zoology

and generically in Botany, there is no good reason why the

name of an Entomologist, as well as that of a Botanist, should

not be converted into a generic name. If done at all, however,

it ought to be confined to notable genera, respecting which there

can be no diversity of opinion, and which, from their singularity

or beauty, cannot but be retained conspicuously in the system.

Section PHYTOPHAGA.

Family HISPIDZE.

Genus Dipyytiocera, Westwood.

Corpus ovale, antice angustatum, nitido-metallicum, disco ely-

trorum punctis magnis excavato,

Caput parvum, inerme, irregulare. Labrum parvum, trans-

versum, angulis anticis rotundatum, ciliatum. Mandibule

parvee, cornez, apice acute bidentate. Maxille parve,

bilobatz, lobo externo tenui palpiformi et quasi biarticulato,

lobo interno latiori obtuso setoso. Palpi maxillares 4-arti-

culati, articulo basali minimo, 2ndo et 3tio majoribus, subze-

qualibus, apice crassioribus; 4to brevi crasso. Antenne

elongate, subincrassate, extus serrate, articulis tertio ad 6m

sensim externe dilatatis, 8vo, 9mo et 10mo extus valde dila-

* Op. Cit.'p. 119:

214 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Descriptions, &c.

tatis, ultimo ovali. Mentum parvum, subquadratum, antice

parum latius. Labium fere rotundatum, disco elevato mi-

nori rotundo. Palpi labiales breves tenues, 3-articulati,

articulis longitudine fere eequalibus, intermedio crassiori.

Prothorax transverso-quadratus, angulis acutis, lateribus

fere parallelis. Elytra subovalia, prothorace latiora, disco

punctis magnis excavatis, triplici serie ordinatis, Pedes sim-

plices, satis crassi, tarsis brevibus, latis, articulo 3tio bilobo.

This beautiful insect in some respects approaches the genera

Phyllocharis and Eumolpus, but it seems, on the whole, more

nearly related to Hispa and its allies.

Diphyllocera gemellata, Westw. (Pl. XXII. fig. 1.)

Viridi-eenea, nitida, purpureo cupreoque tincta, elytris punctis

maximis excavatis, triplici serie ordinatis, femoribus casta-

neis, antennis chalybeeis.

Long. corp. lin. 5.

Habitat in Nova Hollandia.

In the British Museum, and in the Museum of the Naval and

Military Institution.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES.

P]. XXII. fig. 1. Diphyllocera gemellata.

Fig. la, labrum; 16 and 1c, mandibles; 1d, maxilla;

le, mentum, labium and labial palpi.

Fig.2. Erichsonia dentifrons.

Fig. 2a, head and antenna seen in front; 2b, head seen

from above ; 2c, head and base of antenna seen from be-

neath ; 2d, head and prothorax seen laterally ; 2 e, man-

dible; 2.f, maxilla; 2g and 2h, mentum, labium and

labial palpi, in different positions ; 2i, fore tarsus and tip

of tibia.

Fig.3. Tuphroderes distortus.

Fig. 3a, left mandible seen sideways ; 36, right mandible

seen sideways; 3c, maxilla; 3d, mentum? 3 e, abdomen

seen from beneath; 3f, head and antenna of female.

Fig. 4. Prophanes aculeatus.

Fig. 5. Prophanes metallescens.

Fig. 5a, maxilla and mentum, &c.; 56, antenna; 5c, pro-

meso- and metasternums.

Fig. 6. Platyphanes gibbosus.

Fig. 6a, body seen sideways; 6 6, pro- and mesosternums ;

6c, antenna.

Mr. W. W. Saunders on some new Species of Erycina. 215

XXXIX. On some new Species of Erycina. By W. W.

Saunpers, Esq., F.L.S.

[ Read 5th February, 1849. ]

In the following paper I propose giving descriptions of several

new species of the tailed Erycinas, for the discovery of which

Entomology is indebted chiefly to the exertions of Mr. Jurgensen

in Mexico, of Mr. D. Dyson in Honduras and Venezuela, and

more recently to Messrs. Wallace and Bates in the vicinity of Para.

At the same time I shall add references to the species already

described, so as at once to bring under the eye all that is at pre-

sent known of this interesting group of diurnal Lepidoptera.

I do not find that this group has been treated on since the

publication of M. Morisse’s monograph in the 6th vol. of the

Annales of the Entomological Society of France. This author

enumerates six species, and I am fortunate now in being able to

double this number. Our knowledge of the various species is

still very imperfect, and in several instances only one sex is

known. As the sexes vary greatly in outline and colouring,

further investigation will in all probability prove that some of the

species founded upon the female sex will not stand good. In

geographical range the species appear to be confined to the con-

tinent of tropical America, Mexico being the northern, and Brazil

the southern, limits of their range. Several sub-genera have

been proposed for dividing the tailed Hrycinas; but, looking to

the imperfect knowledge we yet possess of the species, and the

length of the palpi, on which the sub-genera chiefly depend for

characters, how these palpi gradually diminish by almost imper-

ceptible degrees, from the long porrect ones to those scarcely

apparent, I shall for the present include all the species under the

generic term Erycina, with such divisions as appear to be de-

sirable for bringing the species most nearly allied together. In

determining the species I have received assistance from my friend

Mr. E. Doubleday, who has kindly furnished me with descriptions

of those species which I could not without get access to so readily

as he is able to. For the excellent figures accompanying this

paper I am indebted to the talented pencil of another friend, Mr.

Westwood.

VOL. V. Zz

216 Mr. W. W. Saunders on

TABULAR ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.

ERYCINA.

Wings not transparent.

Tails of the wings long and narrow. Palpi much pro-

jecting.

Erycrina, Bois.

1. Butes. (Clerck.)

2. Rhetus. (Cram.)

8. Thia. (Morisse.)

4? Aristoderus. (Bois.)

Tails of the wings broad, varying in length.

Palpi slightly projecting.

Dioruina, Morisse.

5. Laonome. (Morisse.)

6. Dysoni. (Saunders.)

7. Psecas. (E. Doubleday, Brit. Mus. Cat.)

8. Iphinoe. (Hib.)

Palpi little apparent.

ZerontiA, Morisse.

Wings without blue shades on the undersides.

White banded.

9. Jurgenseni. (Saunders.)

2 10. Pertander. (Cram.)

2 11. Calphurnia. (Saunders.)

Yellow banded.

/ 12. Aulestes. (Cram.)

4 18. Glaphyra. (EK. Doubleday, Brit. Mus.

Cat.)

}| 14, Pandama. (E. Doubleday, Brit. Mus.

Cat.)

‘15. Tedia. (Cram.)

) 16. Lysippus. (Drury.)

Wings of the males with blue shades on the

undersides.

Red banded.

17. Pyretus. (Cram.)

, 18. Julia. (E. Doubleday.)

/0 19. Montezeuma. (Saunders.)

Yellow banded. “4

20. Inca. (Saunders. )

some new Species of Erycina. 217

Wings transparent.

2 21. Chorineus. (Cram.)

= 22. Heliconoides, (Swainson.)

23. Timandra, (Saunders.)

24, Xantippus. (G. R. Gray.)

Sp. 1. Erycina Butes.

Papilio Butes, Clerck. Icon. Tab. 46.

— Licarsis, Fab. Ent. Syst.

Erycina Licarsis, Godt. Enc. M.

Rhetus Crameri, Swainson, Zool. Ill. 2 Ser. t. 33.

Erycina Licarsis, Morisse, Ann. Soc. Ent. France.

Diorhina Rhetus, Brit. Mus. Cat., p. 3.

Diorhina Butes, Brit. Mus. Cat., p. 4.

Hab. Brazil, Venezuela, &c.

In my own collection, and that of the British Museum, &c.

This is one of the species which occurs most frequently in col-

lections, and is subject to vary in the brightness of its colours.

A very beautiful variety is figured at Pl. XX. fig. 6, which differs

from the type in almost entirely wanting the blue at the base of

the anterior wings, and in having the crimson mark of the poste-

rior wings extending nearly to the outer margin.

Sp. 2. Erycina Rhetus.

Papilio Rhetus, Cramer, Tab. 63, fig. G.

Hab. Surinam, (Cramer),

Upon careful examination of all the allied species and comparing

them with Cramer’s figure, the latter appears to represent a

distinct species, and may be known by the long black tails to the

wings, the small crimson spot on the inner margin of the posterior

wings, and the obsolete bluish band which appears immediately

behind the latter.

Sp. 3. Erycina Thia, Morisse, Annales de la Soc. Ent. de

France, vol. 6, Pl. 11, figs. 3 and 4.

Diorhina Thia, Brit. Museum Cat., p. 4.

Hab. Mexico, (Morisse).

»» Honduras, (Dyson).

In my own collection and that of the British Museum.

Z2 :

218 Mr. W. W. Saunders on

Sp. 4. Erycina Aristoderus, Boisduval, Annales of the Soc. Ent.

de France, vol. 6, p. 420.

Hab. Cayenne, (Morisse).

This is only known to me by the description above referred to.

Sp. 5. Erycina Laonome.

Diorhina Laonome, Morisse, Ann. Soc. Ent. de France,

vol. 6, pl. 14, figs. 5 and 6.

Erycina Iphinoe, g¢, Godt. Encyc. Méthod. t. ix. p. 565,

567, according to Morisse.

Hab. Brazil.

»» Wenezuela, (Mr. Dyson).

In my own collection and that of the British Museum.

Not an uncommon species.

Sp. 6. Erycina Dysonii. (Pl. XX. fig. 1 and la, ¢ ;

fig. 2 and 2a, 2.)

Anterior wings above black, each crossed with two obscure

whitish narrow transverse parallel bands, the outer one. nearly

central, the inner one about midway between the outer one and

the base of the wing, the ground colour between the bands having

a rich bluish-purple iridescence. ‘The posterior wings, each pro-

duced into a longish rather acutely pointed tail, having a large tooth

on the inner margin at the base; above black, tinted with a rich

changeable purplish-blue colour extending over the whole surface,

except on the outer and -inner margins, with two obscure narrow,

dull, whitish bands, corresponding in direction to those of the an-

terior wing, and terminating at a curved irregular band of crimson

colour, which commences on the inner margin a little below the

apex of the abdomen, thence curving downwards for a short dis-

tance, crosses more than half the wing in an upwards direction,

leading to the anterior angle, and has a small oval crimson spot a

little above its termination; also with two faintish white streaks

immediately under the crimson band, a white speck on the tip of

the tail, and another on the indentation caused by the tooth at the

base of the tail, which is black.

Undersides of the wings dull brownish-black, crossed with

bands corresponding with those of the upper surface, but broader ;

the colour between the bands with a dull purplish iridescence ;

and the upper wings having an oblong crimson spot at the base on

some new Species of Erycina. 219

the anterior margin. Head, antenne, and body black; the abdo-

men with a yellow streak on each side; legs fulvous.

Hab. Venezuela, (Dyson).

Expansion of wings 1,7, inches.

In my own collection and that of the British Museum.

The foregoing is the description of the male insect discovered

in Venezuela by Mr. Dyson, after whom I have named the species.

The female differs in having the upper surface of a silvery-grey

‘tinged with blue at the base, traversed by two broad, distinct,

whitish bands, in the same position as the slender lines in the

male. The tails of the posterior wings have a distinct white litura

at the base. The lower surface only differs from the upper in

being rather paler and less brightly coloured.

Sp. 7. Erycina Psecas. (Pl. XX. fig. 4 and 4a.)

Diorhina Psecas, Brit. Mus. Cat., p. 3.

Above anterior wings of a brilliant changing blue, from the base

to beyond the middle; the costa and the outer margin fuscous.

The posterior wings are also of a brilliant blue, with the outer margin

fuscous. Close to the base of the anterior wings is a pale bluish-

white subhyaline fascia, commencing at the sub-costal nervule,

crossing the wing and being continuous with a similar band on the

posterior wings, which does not reach their inner margin. At the

extremity of the cell of the anterior wings is a similar band, cross-

ing them from close to the costa to the inner margin, not far from

the anal angle ; this band is continued on the posterior wings nearly

to the third median nervule. Externally to this band the wings

are fuscous. At its termination is a bright crimson transverse

irregular band, extending to the inner margin, curved upwards at

both its extremities. From this to the anal angle is a black patch.

The tails are of a brilliant blue, are tipped with white, and have a

faint white cloud at their base; the cilia also white at the anal

angle. Below the blue colour of the upper surface is replaced by

fuscous, the white marks more distinct ; the base of the anterior

wing has a crimson spot above the sub-costal nervure. Abdomen

black, with a red line.

Hab. Bolivia, (Bridges).

Expansion of wings 1? inches.

In the collection of the British Museum.

For the above description of this new species I am indebted to

Mr. E. Doubleday.

220 Mr. W. W. Saunders on

Sp. 8. Erycina Iphinoe.

Ancylaris Iphinoe, Hiibner, Guyer, vol. 3.

I only know this species by the figure of Hiibner in the volume

above quoted.

Sp. 9. Erycina Jurgensenit. (Pl. XX. fig. 3.)

Wings above black-brown; the anterior with two transverse

white bands, one broad, nearly central, slightly curving outwards

and somewhat narrower towards the anterior margin, where it

terminates in a crimson oblong spot; the other, between the band

just described and the lateral margin, running nearly parallel

to the former, somewhat curved outwardly, narrow, and termi-

nating near the posterior angle. The posterior wings produced

into a broad, rather elongate, obtuse diverging tail, with a strong

tooth on the inner margin, and partly crossed by two white

bands; the inner one broad, arising immediately under the broad

band of the anterior wing, curving inwards, and terminating some-

what below the apex of the abdomen; the outer narrow, near and

parallel to the exterior margin, terminating on the same level as

the broader band, having also two crimson spots; one elongated,

band-like, arising from the posterior termination of the broader

band, from whence it curves upwards to the interior margin of

the wing, which it reaches a little below the apex of the abdomen ;

the other nearly oval, placed about midway between the former

and the base of the tail. On the interior margin of the wing, be-

tween the two crimson spots, is a small white spot; and there is

also a faint white streak, running from the oval crimson spot,

parallel with the inner margin of the tail, and terminating about

midway along the outer margin ; the sinuosities of the inner margin

of the tail and the tips of the same are fringed with white. ‘The

undersides of the wings correspond in colouring to the upper.

Head, antenne, body, and legs black-brown.

Hab. Mexico.

Expansion of wings, 2-2, inches.

In my own collection.

This is a female, collected by Mr. Jurgensen, a Swedish gentle-

man, who lost his life while acting as natural history collector in

Mexico, after whom I have named the species. It may possibly

be the female of Erycina Montezeuma, hereafter described. Both

were collected in the same country, and sent home in the same

box.

some new Species of Erycina. 221

Sp. 10. Erycina Periander.

Pap. Periander, Cramer, Tab. 188, C.

Hab. Surinam.

I only know this from the figure of Cramer, quoted above.

Sp. 11. Erycina Calpharnia. (PI. XX. fig. 7 and 7a.)

Wings above dark umber-brown; the anterior ones, each with

a nearly central transverse broadish white band, somewhat curved

outwardly, and narrowing towards the anterior margin. Posterior

wings, each produced into a broad gradually tapering long tail,

with a broad gradually attenuated white band, arising immediately

under the band of the anterior wing, and running thence nearly

parallel with the outer margin to a point a little below the termi-

nation of the abdomen, where the colour changes to orange, and

the band is continued, in a much narrower and uneven way, to the

interior margin of the tail, running close to and parallel with the

margin for more than half its length. The wing is fringed with

white externally, from the anterior angle to the extremity of the

tail, and a patch of white fringe occurs near the anal angle. ‘The

undersides of the wings correspond in colouring with the upper-

sides, except that the umber-brown colour, between the band and

the body, changes to greyish-ash, and on the posterior wing a

narrow white band inclines upwards from the commencement of

the orange band to the base of the abdomen. The orange band is

also partly discontinued, appearing as an elongated patch, and a

narrow streak along the interior margin of the tail. Head and

antenne dark umber-brown. Thorax and abdomen dark umber-

brown above; whitish-ash below. Legs whitish-ash.

Hab. ?

Expansion of wings, 2-3, inches.

In the collection of Mr. Conrad Loddiges.

For a knowledge of this fine female, the largest of the tailed

Erycinas which I have seen, I am indebted to Mr. C. Loddiges,

who kindly lent me the specimen to describe. He is not aware

from what part of the world it was obtained.

Sp. 12. Erycina Aulestes.

Papilio Aulestes, Cramer, Tab. 128 G.

Hab. Surinam. (Cramer.)

I am only acquainted with this from the figure given by Cramer,

above quoted.

222 Mr. W. W. Saunders oz

Sp. 13. Erycina Glaphyra. (Pl. XXI. fig. 3 and 3a.)

E. Doubleday, Brit. Mus. Cat. p. 3.

Wings above black; the anterior, each with two transverse

bands, one broad, placed about one-third the length of the wing

from the base, curving outwards, and narrowing towards the an-

terior margin, bright yellowish-orange ; the other yellowish-white,

narrow, somewhat obscure, parallel to the former, and about midway

between it and the lateral margin. The posterior wings each pro-

duced into a broad, somewhat elongated, rather obtuse diverging

tail, sinuate on the anterior margin, with a broadish, central, bright,

yellowish-orange band arising under the broad band of the anterior

wing, and running thence longitudinally to a point somewhat be-

yond the apex of the abdomen, where it assumes a crimson colour,

and, changing direction, proceeds to the interior margin of the

wing, nearly at right angles to its previous course; also with a

short, broadish, crimson, undulating band, with a white speck at

the commencement, arising on the interior margin of the wing, a

little above the base of the tail, and running diagonally across the

latter to its outer margin, having a course nearly parallel to the

inner margin; also with a faint white interrupted streak between

the yellow band and the outer margin, with which it runs nearly

parallel; and also having three white specks on the fringe of the

outer margin of the wing, two specks on the fringe of the inner

margin, and the tip of the tail the same colour. Undersides of

the wings coloured and marked as the uppersides, except that the

marginal bands are more decided and broader. Head, antenne,

body and legs black; the abdomen with two lateral yellow streaks,

one on each side, and two faint white streaks on the underside.

Hab. Para. (Messrs. Wallace and Bates. )

Expansion of wings, 1,6 inches.

In my own Collection and that of the British Museum.

This is a female. The specimens that I have examined vary

somewhat in size.

Sp. 14. Erycina Pandama. (PI. XX. fig. 5 and 5 a.)

E. Doubleday, Brit. Mus. Cat. p. 3.

Above wings black, crossed near the middle by a transverse

fascia, broad and slightly curved on the anterior wings, narrower

and bent at almost a right angle on the posterior, This fascia is

luteous on the anterior wings, and also towards the anterior mar-

gin of the posterior wings, and of a crimson hue from the disc of

the wing to the inner margin, At the origin of the tail is an

some new Species of Erycina. 223

obliquely transverse crimson fascia, which does not quite touch

either margin. The cilia of the posterior wings are dotted with

white. The under surface scarcely differs from the upper, except

in the transverse band of tail having a small white patch at the

termination on the inner margin. Head, thorax, abdomen, an-

tennz and legs black.

Hab. Bahia.

Expansion of wings, 13 inches.

In the Collection at the British Museum.

For the foregoing description I am indebted to Mr. E. Double-

day. It is made from a female.

Sp. 15. Erycina Tedea. (Pl. XXIII. fig. 1 and 1a.)

Papilio Tedea, Cramer, Tab. 102 (A).

Zeonia Tedea, Morisse, Annales de la Societé Ent. de France.

Vol. 6, p. 425.

Dark umber-brown ; the anterior wings above with two trans-

verse bands, one nearly central, broadish, well defined, pale yellow,

—somewhat narrower, and curving inwards, as it approaches the

posterior margin; the other narrow, obscure, dull yellow, com-

mencing towards the apex, and thence curving outwards, runs in

a waving line to the posterior angle, getting very faint as it ap-

proaches its termination; posterior wings each produced into a

broad, obtuse, diverging tail, having two teeth on the outer margin,

above with a pale yellow well-defined broadish band, commencing

immediately under the broad band of the anterior wing, and run-

ning thence curves gently inwards, until it terminates in a point

about midway between the external and internal margins of the

wing, a little above the base of the tail; also with a dull yellow

spot on the inner margin of the wing, a little below the apex of the

abdomen, and a broadish, orange, undulating band, commencing

with a white spot, on the inner margin of the base of the tail, and

running diagonally across the tail to a point a little above the

apex on the outer margin; also with a faint, dull, yellow streak

parallel to the outer margin of the wing, on which are three white

specks on the fringe; and there are three specks of the same

colour, two on the inner margin, and one at the apex of the tail.

Undersides of the wings with the same colouring and markings

as the upper sides, with the exception of the marginal band of the

anterior wings being broader and better defined, and the yellow

longitudinal band of the posterior wings curving gently upwards

at its extreme length, and terminating on the inner margin, under

224 Mr. W. W. Saunders on

the dull yellow spot of the upper sides. Head, antennze and body

black-brown. Abdomen with a yellow line on either side.

Hab. Surinam. (Cramer.)

Expansion of wings, 1,8, inches.

In the Collection of Mr. Conrad Loddiges.

For an opportunity of describing this rare insect I am indebted

to Mr. C. Loddiges. No lengthened description from the speci-

men has before appeared. It has been only known up to the

present time by the figure of Cramer. It is a female, and closely

allied to the two females just described (Z. Glaphyra and E.

Pandama). Mr. Loddiges is not aware of the native locality of

his specimen.

Sp. 16. Erycina Lysippus.

Pap. Lysippus, Drury, Vol. 1, pl. 22, figs. 3 and 4.

5 Cramer, Tab. 380 a.

Zeonia Lysippus, Morisse, Annales of the Ent. Soc. France, Vol. 6,

p- 425.

Hab. Para. (Wallace and Bates.)

Expansion of wings,

In my own collection and that of the British Museum.

I retain this species among the true Lrycinas, because other

Entomologists have done so on account of its short obtuse tail,

but it appears to me to belong to another group, and should not

be placed here. The specimens from Para have the ground-

colour darker, and the yellow bands broader and brighter, than is

represented in the figures of Drury and Cramer.

Sp. 17. Erycina Pyretus. (Pl. XXI. fig. 4 and 4 a.)

Pap. Pyretus, Cramer, Tab. 144, a. B.

Pap. Melibeus, Godt.

Zeonia Melibeus, Morisse, Annales.

Erycina Julia, E. Doub., Brit. Mus. Cat.

Hab. Surinam. (Cramer.)

5, Bolivia. (Bridges.)

Expansion of wings, 15% inches.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

I have thought it desirable to give a figure of this species, that

the differences between it and the following closely-allied species

may be the more easily distinguished.

some new Species of Erycina. 225

Sp. 18. Erycina Julia, (Pl. XXI. fig. 1 and la, $;

fig. 2 and 2a, 9.)

Matr.—Black, having the anterior wings above with a nar-

rowish, transverse, well-defined, nearly central, straight crimson

band. The posterior wings each produced into a short, obtuse,

almost straight tail, having an obtuse tooth on the inner margin,

with a narrowish crimson band, commencing immediately under

the band of the anterior wing, and running down the centre to a

point a little below the apex of the abdomen, where it suddenly

curves nearly at right angles to its former course, and terminates

on the inner margin; also with a large irregular crimson spot

crossing the base of the tail, commencing nearly on the inner

margin, with a small white speck, then running downwards, and

getting gradually broader, suddenly rises again, and terminates

near the outer margin with a hook-like point; also having a pale

brownish streak parallel to the outer margin, on which are four

white specks on the fringe, with another on the tips of the tail,

and another on the inner margin of the tail of the same colour.

Undersides of the wings entirely shaded with brilliant metallic

blue, with a largish round crimson spot on the posterior margin

of the anterior wings, and another undulating crimson spot on the

inner margin of the posterior wings, corresponding with the ter-

mination of the crimson band of the upper side, and a round white

spot at the base of the tail, on the inner margin. Head, antennz

and body black. Legs black, with blue reflections.

Expansion of wings, 1,3, inches.

Femate.—Black ; anterior wings above with two transverse

bands, one well-defined, narrowish, crimson, nearly central, cross~

ing the wing in a gentle curve inwards ; the other very narrow,

obscure, yellowish-white, parallel to the former, and between it

and the outer margin. Posterior wings produced each into a very

broad, obtuse, much-diverging tail, sinuate on the interior mar-

gin, and slightly so on the outer margin of the wing, with two

narrowish crimson bands; one arising under the crimson band of

the anterior wing, and running down the centre to a little below

the apex of the abdomen, there curves suddenly nearly at right

angles to its former course, and terminates on the inner margin

of the wing; the other slightly undulating, crossing the base of

the tail parallel to the bend of the longitudinal band, and about

midway between the latter and the inner margin of the tail; also

having three white specks on the fringe of the outer margin of the

wing, and the like number of white specks on the fringe of the

226 Mr. W. W. Saunders on

inner margin of the tail. The undersides of the wings coloured

and marked as the upper sides, with the exception of the marginal

band of the upper anterior wing being broader, well defined, and

whiter, and the curve of the longitudinal band of the posterior

wing running up the anterior margin quite to a point, and a yellow

spot on the interior margin of the posterior wing, at the commence-

ment of the transverse band. Head, antennz and body black.

Abdomen with a broad, yellow, lateral fascia on each side.

Hab. Para. (Messrs. Wallace and Bates.)

Expansion of wings, 1-8, inches.

In my own Collection and that of the British Museum.

This species, differing chiefly from Pyretus in the colouring of

the underside of the wings and the shape of the crimson spot at

the base of the tail, was first known by a specimen from Para,

presented to the British Museum by Mr. J. P. G. Smith. Both

sexes have been since sent home by Messrs. Wallace and Bates.

This is the species which Mr. E. Doubleday intended to have

named Julia, but by some error in the manuscript, the name Julia

got affixed in the Catalogue of the British Museum to the true

Pyretus of Cramer. I have much pleasure in carrying out in

the name my friend’s intentions.

Sp. 19. Erycina Montezeuma. (Pl. XXI, fig. 5 and 5a.)

Black, with a dull purplish iridescence. The anterior wings

above with a narrow, nearly central crimson band, and a very

obscure narrow dull brownish band, running parallel to the former

band and midway between it and the external margin. Posterior

wings produced each into a shortish obtuse diverging tail, having

an obtuse tooth on the inner margin, and two obtuse teeth on the

outer margin of the wing; above with a narrow crimson band

arising immediately under the crimson band of the anterior wing,

and running down the centre to a point a little below the apex of

the abdomen, where it curves suddenly upwards at an acute angle

and terminates on the interior margin of the wing: also with a

nearly oval crimson spot situate at the base of the tail about mid-

way between the outer and inner margins, and a narrow band of

brilliant blue spots running parallel to the outer margin of the wing

and terminating at the oval spot: and also with three white specks

on the fringe of the outer margin of the wing, and the like number

on the fringe of the inner margin of the tail; the whole tail has a

brilliant blue iridescence in the proper light. Undersides with

two broad brilliant metallic blue bands, crossed by black nervures

some new Species of Erycina. 2217

corresponding nearly in position with the bands on the upper

sides, the inner one the broadest and terminating before the apex

of the abdomen; the posterior wings margined externally with

brilliant metallic blue, with a crimson oblong spot on the inner

margin corresponding with the portion of the band on the upper

side, which curves upwards: also an oval crimson spot under the

oval spot of the upper side, and an obscurely marked white spot

between the latter and the inner margin. Head, antenne, legs

and abdomen black, the latter having a yellow line on either side.

Hab. Mexico. (Jurgensen.)

Expansion of wings 2 inches.

In my own Collection and that of the British Museum.

This fine species was discovered by Mr. Jurgensen. The

description is from a male insect, and the female is unknown, if it

be not the Ery. Jurgenseni before described.

Sp. 20. Erycina Inca. . (Pl. XXI. fig. 6 and 6 a.)

Black. The anterior wings above with a broadish bright golden

yellow transverse central band, curving inwards on approaching

the interior angle. The posterior wings each produced into a

short obtuse diverging tail, having above an ill defined blue patch,

with two paler points at the base of the tail, the blue colour in

certain lights extending over the surface of the tail; also four

white specks on the fringe of the outer margin of the wing, as

well as two specks of the same colour on the fringe of the inner

margin of the tail. Undersides of the wings tinted with rich

metallic blue, the black colour of the wings showing through at

the nervures and forming also a broad band common to both wings ;

in the anterior one corresponding with the yellow band on the

upper surface, and on the posterior wings running parallel to the

outer margin nearly to the base of the tail, where it curves upwards

and terminates on the anterior margin of the wing, having imme-

diately above its termination, a little distance from the margin, a

small round yellow spot, and immediately below a small oblong

rather obscure white spot. ‘There is also on the anterior wings a

yellowish obscure spot near the base on the underside, which is

not visible until the wing be well expanded. Head, antenne,

body and legs black. Abdomen with a pale yellow line on each

side.

Hab. Mexico. Jurgensen.

Expansion of wings 2 inches.

In my own Collection.

228 Mr. W. W. Saunders on

This fine and very distinct species was discovered in Mexico

by Mr. Jurgensen. He only sent home a single specimen, which

is a male.

Sp. 21. Erycina Chorineus.

Pap. Chorineus, Cramer, Tab. 59 A.

Erycina Octavius, Godt.

Pap. Octavius, Fab.

Zeonia Octavius, Morisse.

Hab. Guiana. (Cramer.)

I only know this by the figure of Cramer; it is very distinct

and easily known by the peculiar position of the crimson spot at

the base of the tail.

Sp. 22. Hrycina Heliconides.

Zeonia Heliconides, Swainson, Zool. Illus. pl. 111.

Hab. Brazil. (Swainson.)

Only known by the figure of Swainson above referred to.

Sp. 23. Erycina Timandra. (Pl. XXIII. fig. 2 and 2 a.)

Wings transparent, colourless; the anterior ones above with

black nervures, and a black margin in shape of band surrounding

each wing, except for about two-thirds of the posterior margin,

the band being broader on the lateral margin: also with a black

patch at the base of the wing, and a nearly central broadish trans-

verse band of the same colour terminating a little before the

posterior angle on the posterior margin. Posterior wings each

produced into two tails, one short tooth-like on the anal angle,

and the other long, narrow, nearly of equal width throughout,

slightly diverging, placed at the termination of the lateral margin

above, with the nerves black; a broad black band on the interior

margin, a narrow band of the same colour on the outer margin,

and a broadish black band running between the’two, but nearer

and parallel with the outer margin; all the bands uniting some-

what below the apex of the abdomen, and giving a black ground

to the wing and tails below, except where it is partly crossed near

the base of the tooth-like tail by a large crimson somewhat lunate

spot, which arises on the exterior margin of the wing, and curving

thence gently downwards crosses two-thirds the width of the wing,

and a small white speck nearly on the outer margin at the termi-

nation of the crimson spot. The shorter tail is tipped with white

and the longer tail fringed at the apex with the same colour,

some new Species of Erycina. 229

and there is also an ashy blue tint on the upper surface of the

latter in certain lights. Undersides of the wings the same as the

upper, with the exception of a row of bluish white spots across

the base of the tails immediately below the crimson spot. Head,

antennz, body and legs black.

Hab. Brazil.

Expansion of wings 1,5, inches.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

This species closely approaches to Ery. Heliconides, but differs

chiefly in its smaller size, anterior wings less rounded on the ex-

terior margin, and the shape of the crimson spot, with a white spot

at its extremity on the outer margin. I have only seen one

specimen, a male.

Sp. 24. Erycina Xantippus, Gray, An. King. pl. 102, fig. 1.

Zeonia Morisset, Bois., Annales Ent. Soc. France,

vol. 6, pl. 14, fig. 7 and 8.

Zeonia Chorineus, E. Doubleday, Brit. Mus. Cat,

Hab. Brazil. Banda oriental. (Morisse).

In the Collection of the British Museum.

The original specimen, from which the figure for the ‘* Animal

Kingdom” was drawn, being in the British Museum Collection,

there can be no doubt but that it is identical with the Zeonia

Morisset of Boisduval above referred to. The specific name given

in the ‘ Animal Kingdom” must therefore stand good, having the

priority. This is another nearly allied species to the two former

ones, but may be easily distinguished, by there being two crimson

spots in lieu of the crimson band at the base of the tails.

230 Mr. W. W. Saunders on the Genus Ceria.

XL. On a new Species of the Dipterous Genus Ceria. By

W. W. Saunpers, Esq., F.L.S.

Ceria Daphneus, Walker.

Catalogue of the Diptera in the British Museum, p. 537.

I nAveE thought it desirable to give a figure (Pl. XXIII. fig. 7)

of this interesting species, as it is the only one which has yet been

discovered in the New World, and will form a good appendix to

my notice of the genus Ceria, vol. iv. p. 63, of the Transactions

of this Society. It was found by Mr. Gosse in Jamaica, and

appears to be rare, as only a single specimen was sent home.

The specimen is imperfect, wanting the antenne.

Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description of exotic Diptera. 231

XLI. Diptera nonnulla exotica descripta. Auctore J. O.

Westwoop, F.L.S., &e.

[Read Ist October, 1849.]

Order DIPTERA.

Division NEMOCERA.

Family TIPULIDZ.

Sub-family MYCETOPHILIDES.

Genus Pratyura.

Sub-genus, PLatyrorriton, Westw.

Sub-genus novum Platyuris typicis affine, attamen antennis fla-

bellatis distinctum. Caput mediocre, haud rostratum, oculis

maximis subtus basin antennarum conjunctis: ocelles 2

magnos approximatos tantum vidi. Os _ indistinctum.

Antenne breves, 12-articulate, articulis brevibus, 3—11

singulatim ramum longum pilosum emittentibus, 12mo

elongato. Ale absque cellula parva sub-quadrata, vena Ima

longitudinali ante apicem ramulum parvum obliquum, ad

costam extensum, emittente. Pedes satis graciles et elongati,

posticorum tibiis calearibus duobus acutis armatis, articulo

Imo longo et reliquis parum crassiori. Abdomen elongatum

gracile.

Obs.—Individuum unicum, parum mutilum, tantum vidi.

Platyroptilon Miersu, Westw. (Tab. XXIII. fig. 3, and details.)

Piceum, obscurum, abdominis segmentis intermediis fascia lata

basali lutea, alis fusco-tinctis, praesertim ad costam, venis

regione costali magis obscuris, pedibus piceo-albidis, tibiis

posticis obscuris.

Long. corp. lin. 3.

Habitat in Brasilia.

In Muszxo D. Miersii.

VOL. V. AA

232

Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description

Division BRACHOCERA.

Stirps TANYSTOMA.

Family ASILIDZ.

Sub-family DASYPOGONIDES.

Genus Euscexipia, Westw.

Genus novum, femoribus posticis clavatis, pilosissimis, caeteris

generibus hujus familize omnino distinctum.

Caput mediocre, transversum, thorace parum latius. Proboscis

porrecta acuta, capitis longitudine. Palpi breves, seta longi-

tudinis proboscidis terminati, facies parum obliqua, episto-

mate barbato. Antenne breves, graciles, articulo 3tio duobus

basalibus conjunctim fere duplo longiore, apice acuminato,

stylo brevi, setiformi, sub-biarticulato. Thoraa brevis ovatus.

Abdomen longum, gracile, clavatum, basi hirsutum. Ale

subanguste, vena externa cellule 2de postice marginem

posticum alee paullo sub apicem attingente ; cellula discoidali

basi acuminata, venis quatuor longitudinalibus emittentibus.

Pedes 4 antici graciles. F'emora postica clavata, valde hirsuta,

tibiis posticis elongatis subrectis; tarsis omnibus raptoriis,

se. articulis subtus spinosis, ultimo majori subincurvo,

unguibus valde elongatis et acutis: pulvillis nullis.

Euscelidia rapax, Westw. (Tab. XXIII. fig. 4, and details.)

Nigra, lateribus thoracis griseis; abdomine fulvo fasciato ;

femoribus 2 posticis tibiisque fulvis.

P q

Long. corp. lin. 53; expans. alar, lin. 83.

Habitat in Africa tropicali? In Mus. nostr.

Caput nigrum, facie pilis setisque albido-sericeis dense vestita,

occipite luteo-villosum. Antennz picez; thoracis dorsum

nigrum, nitidum, transverse striolatum, lateribus scutelloque

albido-luteo villosis. Abdomen nigrum, fulvo-varium, geni-

talibus rufescentibus. Alze fuscescentes flavido parum tincte,

venis nigris. Pedes antici fulvi; 2 intermedn femoribus

in medio et apice extremo nigris, tibiis piceis basi fulvis ;

margineque interno etiam fulvo; 2 postici fulvi, femoribus

fulvo-pilosis ; ante medium fascia brevi nigra; tarsis omnibus

nigris, basi fulvescentibus, setis crassis nigris subtus armatis.

Haustellum nigrum. Subtus thorax lateribus albido-sericeis,

abdomineque pallide luteo-fulvo,

of some Exotic Diptera. 233

Sub-family LAPHRIIDES.

Genus Atomosia, Mcq.

Atomosia purpurata, Westw. (Tab. XXIII. fig. 5, and details.)

Purpurea punctatissima, alis fusco-hyalinis, pedibus rufis ;

tibiarum apicibus tarsisque nigris.

Long. corp. lin. 4; expans. alar. lin. 65.

Habitat in India Orientali. D. Boys. In Mus. nostr.

Hoc genus, e speciebus Americanis adhuc compositum, nunc

incola Indiz Orientalis pereleganti ditatum. Hee species nova

Chrysidibus analoga colore, corpore punctato, necnon abdomine

basi quadrato, metathorace latiori. Venze alarum ut in speciebus

typicis Americanis singulariter dispositz ; venis transversis posticis

cellule discoidalis et quartz posticze eadem linea posite.

Caput inter oculos supra valde impressum, tuberculo vel cornu

brevi erecto, ocelligero, apice bisetoso armatum. Facies

argenteo-sericea, obtuse angulata, angulo longe setoso. Pro-

boscis fere perpendiculari. Antenne capitis longitudine.

Thorax brevis, fere rotundatus, supra nitidus, punctatissimus.

Scutellum czruleum, nitidum, tuberculis duobus rufis callosis

utrinque ad basin ejus instructum. Abdomen elongatum,

thoracis latitudine, lateribus fere parallelis; segmentis basi

constrictis. Ala fusco-hyaline, fulvo-tinctae, venis obscuris.

Pedes rufi, longe setosi, tibiarum apicibus tarsisque nigris.

Family BOMBYLIID.

Genus Systropus, Weid.

(Vide monographiam nostram in opere periodico, Guerinio

edito, sub nomine ‘“‘ Magasin de Zoologie,” anno 1842, ubi species

plurimas hujus generis persingularis descripsi.)

Systropus Ophioneus, Westw. (Tab. XXIII. fig. 6.)

Niger, thorace flavo-maculato, abdomine obscure fulvo, striga

dorsali nigra, femoribus posticis ferrugineis ; tibiis posticis

basi et apice pallidis, tarsis posticis nigris.

Long. corp. lin. 7; expans. alar. lin, 93.

Habitat in India Orientali. D. Boys. In Mus. nostr,

S. Eumenoidi (Westw. in Guér. Mag. de Zool. 1842, Ins.

pl. 90) proxima, at magis obscura. Facies angusta, flava,

argenteo-sericea. Concavitas postica capitis nigra, griseo-

sericea. Antenne nigra, basi extrema articuli 1mi pallida,

AA2

234 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description

Proboscis elongata, nigra. ‘Thorax niger, maculis duabus

transversis ad angulos anticos, duabus subtriangularibus ante

basin alarum et duabus minutis cuneatis ad basin internam

alarum. Scutellum nigrum, punctis duobus lateralibus minutis

flavis; metathorax flavo-bimaculatus. Abdomen elongatum,

compresso-clavatum, curvatum, fulvum ; segmentis apicalibus

rufescentibus, vitta tenui dorsali nigra. Ale pallidee fus-

cescenti-hyalinee, costa magis fulvescenti. Halteres flavi,

macula ante apicem nigra. Pedes 4 antici flavi, femoribus

basi apiceque tarsorum, nec non fascia in medio tibiarum

intermediarum obscuris. Femora 2 postica ferruginea;

tibize basi ferruginee, medio nigree, apice flavee ; tarsi nigri.

Stirps ATHERICERA.

Family SYRPHID.

Genus Ceria. Fabr.

(Vide monographiam hujus generis Dom. W. W. Saunders, in

hoe opere, tom. iv. p. 60, pl. iv., olim editam, ubi species undecim

descripsit et accurate delineavit. Speciei alterze, in Museo

Britannico asservate, cel. Walkerio nuper descripte, hic desiderio

Dom. Saundersii figuram ostendo, iconographiam generis com-

pletam efficientem.)

Ceria Daphneus.

(Walker, List of Specimens of Dipterous Ins. in Coll. Brit. Mus.

p- 537.)

(Tab. XXIII. fig. 7.)

“ Ferruginea, flavo-fasciata nigroque varia, pedibus fulvis,

femoribus nigris, alis dimidio costali fulvis.’’— Walker, |. c.

Long. corp. lin. 74; expans. alar. lin. 123.

Habitat Jamaica. In Mus. Britann.

Obscure fulva seu ferruginea, parte postica capitis fulva,

pedicello antennarum nigro. Thorax angulis anticis punc-

tisque duobus parvis approximatis flavis, lateribus macula

nigra conica notatis, margine postico dorsali flavo, fascia

inter alas scutelloque nigris. Abdomen segmento Imo flavo,

macula postica nigra: 2ndo et 3tio linea transversa subapical

nigra, margine ipso flavo. Pedes fulvi, femoribus basi nigris,

tiblis basi flavidis. Ale hyaline, dimidio costali fulvo.

Oxs.—Speciem alteram, Ceria scutellata nominatam, descripsit

‘cel. Marquartius in opere ‘“‘ Diptéres Exotiques,” tom. 2, par. 2,

p- 10, ex Algeria allata Domino Lucas, et in opere hujus auctoris

de Insectis Algericis delineata,

of some Exotic Diptera. 235

Family MUSCID.

Genus Acuias, Fabr.

Hoe genus optimz note, multos per annos e specimine unico

Bosciano, hodie in Museo Parisiensi, at male conservato, cogni-

tum est. Hoc insectum Javanicam, curd Guerinii, monente

Wiedemanno, delineatum est in opusculo, anno 1830 Kiliz

Holsatorum edito, cui titulus “ Achias Dipterorum Genus a Fa-

bricio conditum illustratum novisque speciebus auctum,” &c. a

Chr. Rud. Guil. Wiedemann, cum descriptione gallica Latreillii,

auctori communicata.

Hz nove species attamen generibus aliis pertinent, scil. Pla-

giocephalo (P. lobularis, ex Brasilia) ; Zygothrice (Z. dispar, ex

Brasilia); et Diops: (Diopsis (Sphryracephala) brevicornis, ex

America septentrionali).

Speciem secundam pulcherrimam Achie, etiam ex insula Java

celeberr. T’. Horsfieldio allatam, descripsi et delineavi in opere meo

“Cabinet of Oriental Entomology,” p. 38, tab. 18, f. 4. Mas ibi

delineatus ; nunc vero partes anatomicas ejusdem insecti cum

figura capitis foemine addo et speciem tertiam giganteam de-

scribo. Utrumque sexum hujus tertiz speciei mecum amicissime

communicavit Dom. W. W. Saunders, inde patet pedunculos

oculigeros in foemina hujus generis multo breviores quam in

maribus, quod etiam in 4. Horsfieldi obtinet.

He tres genuine species generis 4dchie inter se, forma capitis

et corporis nec non dispositione venarum alarum discrepant, et

forsan totidem subgenera systemate hodierno constituunt. Hune

laborem aliis attamen relinquo, sectiones literis notatas hi¢ tan-

tum indicans :

A. Venez alarum recte.

a. Corpus breve crassum. A. oculatus.

b. Corpus cum pedibus elongatum. 4. Ichneumoneus.

B. Venz antice alarum curvate. 4. Horsfieldii.

Achias Ichneumoneus, Westw. (Tab. XXIII. fig. 8, and details.)

A. fulvus, capitis pedunculis nigro-vittatis, alis nitidissimis,

flavidis, venis fulvis.

Long. corp. lin. 7—94$; expans, alar. lin, 123—153.

Habitat in India Orientali.

In Mus. Saunders 6 2; Mus. Westw. 6. D. Boys.

Corpus totum maris late fulvum, vitta antica et postica pedun-

culorum oculigerorum nigris exceptis. Corpus elongatum.

236 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description, &c.

Caput parvum. Abdomen parum ante medium angustatum.

Ale nitidissime flavidee, venis fulvis, pseudostigmate in

medio coste fulvo, pedunculi capitis in nostro specimine

maris fere corporis longitudine, in alio individuo vix capite

cum thorace longiori.

Foemina differt statura robustiori, pedibus brevioribus, abdo-

mine magis clavato, apice obscuro, pedunculis oculorum vix

longitudine thoracis et crassioribus.

DESCRIPTIO TABUL&.

Tab. XXIII. Fig. 3. Platyroptilon Miersii magn. auct.: 3a, caput antice visum,

cum antennis; 35, caput e latere visum; 3c, antenna;

3d, ala; 3e, pes anticus; 3/f, pes posticus.

Fig. 4. Euscelidia rapax magn. auct.: 4a, caput e latere visum ;

4b, antenna; 4c, articulus ultimus tarsorum, cum un-

guibus.

Fig. 5. Atomosia purpurata magn. auct.: 5a, caput antice visum ;

5b, idem e latere; 5c, antenna.

Fig. 6. Systropus Ophioneus magn. auct; 6a, eaput ¢€ latere visum.

Fig. 7. Ceria Daphneus magn. auct.

Fig. 8. Achias Ichneumoneus g magn. auct.: 8a, caput antice

visum pedunculis truncatis; 8b, idem e latere; 8c,

antenna ; 8d, caput foemine.

Fig. 9. Partes Achia Horsfieldii: 9a, caput maris antice visum ;

9b, idem e latere; 9c, antenna; 9d, ala; 9e, caput

foemine.

GENERAL INDEX

VOLUMES I. TO V.

GENERAL INDEX

VOLUMES I. TO V.

INCLUDING THE DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES AND THE MORE REMARKABLE

INSTANCES OF HABIT, ECONOMY AND OCCURRENCE OF SPECIES

RECORDED IN THE JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS,

Nore.—Where the name only of an Insect is mentioned the description thereof is

referred to.

The Figures refer to the pages of the Transactions, and the Numerals to the pages of

the Journal of Proceedings.

Genera Sussects, page 239. Homoptera, page 248.

APHANIPTERA, page 242, Hymenoptera, page 248.

ARACHNIDS, page 242. LepiporTera, page 250.

CoLeoptTeERA, page 242. Myrziapopa, page 253.

Crustacea, page 247. Neuroprera, page 253.

Dirrera, page 247. Orruoprera, page 253.

EvupLexoprTerRA, page 247, SrrepsipTEna, page 254.

Hemiptera, page 247. TuHysanoura, page 254.

——

GENERAL SUBJECTS.

Antenna, use of, in insects, vol. II, pages 229, Ixxiv.

Apparatus for capturing insects by lamplight, vol. 1V. page Ixiv.

Apples destroyed by insects, see Insects.

Blight, web spinning of the apple, vol. I. page 21.

Bots in horses, vol. I. page lvii; vol. II. page Ixvi.

Caprification as practised in South Europe, vol. II. page 214.

Clavaria on caterpillars, vol. II. page vi; vol. IV. pages xxiii, Ixvii.

Cork, insects destructive to, vol. II. page Ix.

Corn, insects destructive to, see Insects.

Cotton crops of India, moth destructive to, vol. III. page 285; vol. V. page xxxiv.

VOL. V. BB

240 GENERAL INDEX.

GENERAL Sussects—continued.

Dead-sea apples, vol. II. page 14.

Electric shocks from insects, vol. III. pages viii, xxill.

Entomology of Adelaide, New Holland, vol. 1V. page xeviii.

Africa, vol. V. page vill.

China, vol. IV. page 4.

New Zealand, vol. 1V. page 262.

Eyes of insects, peculiarity of the cornea, vol. II. pages 253, lu.

Fabricius, J. C., Biography of, vol. IV. page i.

Fossil insects, vol. III. page xix; vol. IV. pages 250, xl, xlii, Ixxiii; vol. V.

page Ixxxv.

Gum animé and copal, observations on, vol. 1. page xix ; vol. II. page Ixxv.

Habits and economy of insects, plan for a cabinet of illustrations of the, vol. III.

page 101.

Honeycomb, experiments on, vol. III. page 103.

Hop-fly, preventive of ravages of, vol. I. pages Nii, lvii.

House-fly, method of excluding from apartments, vol. I. pages 1, Ixxv; vol. II.

pages 45, xx.

remarks on a passage in Herodotus referred to in Mr. Spence’s paper on,

vol. I. page 7.

Hybridisation of insects, vol. II. page Ixxii; vol. III. page 195.

Insect ‘‘ Life,” by Dr. Badham, remarks on, vol. LV. page 286.

maternal attendance on the larva of an, vol. I. page 232.

monstrosities, vol. I. pages Ixxiii, xxix ; vol. Il. pages xxvii, Ixx, Ixxvii;

vol. III. pages 203, viii; vol. lV. pages v, vii, xxviii, cii, cxlviii, cl, clv ;

vol. V. page 11.

Insects affording food to man, vol. III. pages 129, xxiv.; vol. 1V. page xvi.

agency of, in causing sterility in flowers, vol. I. page xliv.

appearance of, affected by cold, vol. V. page x

fogs, vol. V. page xiv.

British, notes on habits of various, vol. I. page 198.

blind, in the caves of Styria, vol. LV. page cli.

carpophagous, remark on, vol. II. page 157.

coupling of different species, vol. I. page Ixxxiii, Ixxxvi; vol. III. page 195.

destructive to apples, vol. III. pages 98, ix, xxv; vol. 1V. page xxxil;

vol. V. page xvi.

books, vol. IJ. page xxxvi; vol. III. page ix.

cocoa-nut trees, vol. I. page Ixiii.

corp, vol. I. page iv; vol. 11. page Ixvii; vol. ILI. pages

xi, xx, xxxv ; vol. 1V. pages xil, xv, xvili, ]xxxv.

cotton, see Colton.

pepper, vol. II. page Ixxi; vol. V. page vill.

pictures, vol. II. page xli; vol. IV. page xviil.

pine-apples, vol. I. pages Ixiv, Ixvii.

potatoes, vol. II]. page 154; vol. 1V. pages cxvi, cxxxvi;

vol. V. pages iv, vi, vil, Xv, xvill, xxiii, lxxxix.

segars and tobacco, vol. 1V. page xxvi; vol. V. page Ixxxvi.

sugar canes, see Homoptera ( Delphax).

GENERAL INDEX. 241

GENERAL SuBsects—continued.

Insects destructive to sweet potato (Batatas edulis), vol. V. pages lvii, Ixviil.

turnips, vol. I. pages lii, Ixxvi, Ixxxvi; vol. II. pages 24,

Ixv, Ixxi, Ixxvii; vol. V. pages xvii, xxix, XXXIV.

wine corks, vol. I, page lv; vol. V. pages xxxv, xli, Ixi.

wood of houses, &c. vol. lL. page viii; vol. Il. pages ill, X;

see also Hymenoptera (Sirex).

flat method of setting preferable, vol. V. page Ixxxiil.

flying far out at sea, vol. II. page Ixxvi; vol. IV. pages 101, cxx, CXxXVl,

exlii, cxlvi.

found in mummies, vol. I. pages xi, lvi, Ixvii; vol. III. page 191; vol. 1V.

page vi.

in raw turpentine, vol. II. page x.

on spinal sheath of a horse, vol. V. page xvi.

geographical distribution of, vol. IV. page vill.

hermaphrodite, vol. If. pages x, xxiii, Ixix; vol. IV. pages 68, Ixxiv,

Ixxxvi, xciv, cxxxvi, cxlix; vol. V. page 119.

impregnation of, vol. I. page Ix; vol. II. page Ixxv.

Indian, on the habits of some, vol. I. page 60; vol. 1V. pages Ixxv, exvill,

CXxi, CXxVil, Cxxxix, cli.

infested with Filaria, vol. II. pages xv, xxi, Ixxxiv; vol. 1V. page Ixxxiv.

influence of locality upon, vol. V. page 1.

in the human body, vol. 1. page xlvii; vol. II. pages 152, 256, xlix, lvii;

vol. III. page iii; vol. 1V. pages vii, Ixxx, xciv; vol. V. page xvili.

larve of, method of preserving, vol. 1V, page clii.

method of relaxing, vol. IV. page exlviii.

new genus of Apterous hexapod, vol. III. page 231.

of Australia, notes on, vol. 1V. page 100.

Cape Palmas, notes on, vol. IV. page exliil.

parasitic, vol. 11. page Ixxvii; vol. III. page ii; vol. V. page Ixxvii.

produced by galvanic agency ? vol. V. page Ixvi.

producing silk, and possibility of rearing silk crops in England, vol. I. page

123.

reproduction of limbs in, vol. III. page xxv; vol. LV. pages xcix, cil, cxvi,

clvi.

sense of hearing in, vol. II. pages 229, Ixxiv.

pain in, vol. IV. page cxxv.

submarine, vol. I. page Ix.

succinic, vol. I. page 133; vol. II. page 46.

suggestions for collecting and packing abroad, vol. 1V. page x.

West Indian, observations on, vol. I. page xlv.

with fungi attached, vol. I. page xviii ; vol. IL. pages vi, xii, xxiii, xlili ;

vol. IIT. pages iv, xii, xxxiv; vol. [V. pages xxili, cxx.

Lantern adapted for tracing neuration of wings of insects, vol. 1V. page exiv.

Library, catalogue of the, vol. I. page xevil; vol. II. page Ixxxvii; vol. III. page

xxxvil; vol. IV. page xiii; vol. V. page xi.

Meal rendered poisonous by Bruchi? vol. V. page xxxix,

Nomenclature, observations on, vol. IV. page xevi; vol. V. pages 211, Ixxvii.

BB2

242 GENERAL INDEX.

GENERAL SuBsEcTS—continued.

Pheasants destructive to Diptera, vol. IV. page cxx.

Receptacles of pupz, vol. 1. page xxxvili.

Schoénherr, C. J., Biography of, vol. V. page liii.

Silk, observations on production and manufacture of, vol. 1. pages 1, Ixxxiv.

of spiders, strength of, vol. I. page Ixvi.

worm, variety producing white silk, vol. II. page 40.

Spongilla fluviatilis, anomalous insects inhabiting, vol. III. page 105; vol. V.

page XxXxl.

Wire-worms, method to destroy, vol. II. pages xxvii, Ixxi; vol. III. page 154.

APHANIPTERA.

Pulex penetrans, observations on, vol. II. pages 196, 199, 203.

Sarcopsylla canis, vol. 11. page 203.

ARACHNID.

Actinopus edificatorius, vol. I1I. page 175.

Cleniza nidulans, notes on nest of, vol. IL. page 207.

Galeodes fatulis, manners of, vol. IV. page cxv.

Mygale Ionica, vol. I1I. page 160.

observations on habits of, vol. I. page xvi; vol. III. page 165;

vol. IV. page xxxix.

Phrynus lunatus, habits of, vol. 1V. page exiii.

Scorpions, effects of their sting, vol. I. page xlvii.

Spiders, strength of silk of, vol. I. page Ixvi.

trap-door, observations on, vol. III. page 170.

venomous species in Jamaica, vol. I. page xlviti.

web, mechanical peculiarities of a, vol. I. page 127. {

Ticks, effect of, in West Indies, vol. I. pages Ixv, Ixviii.

Trombidium Tiliarium, ravages of, vol. IV. page xcvii.

COLEOPTERA.

Adelotopus Gyrinoides, vol. I. page 12.

Aepus fulvescens, &c., habits of, vol. I. page 179; vol. III. page xxix.

Alaus irroratus, vol. 1V. page 85.

Alleleida Ctenostomoides, vol. II. page 194.

Amauronea subenea, vol. II. page 175.

Amycterus Schonherri, vol. I. page 68.

Anobia, destructive to pictures, vol. II. page xli; vol. IV. page xviii. \

Anobium tesselatum, habits of, vol. Il. page x.

Anommatus terricula, method of capturing, vol. II. page xi.

Anthelephila ruficollis and A. mutillaria, vol. I. page 65.

Anthonomus pubescens, a new British species, vol. LV. page xxxil.

Apate, destructive to gun-stocks, vol. IV. page Ixxxi.

Aphodiide, description of species of, vol. lV. page 239.

Apion dissimile, a new British species, vol. LV. page xxxix.

Aplothorax Burchellii, vol. I11. page 209.

Athyreus frontalis, vol. lV. page 85.

a ea i

GENERAL INDEX. 943

CoLreoprERA—continued.

Baludeva Walkeri, vol. Il. page 225.

Baridius trinotus, destructive to potatoes in America, vol. V. page Ixxxix.

Belus testaceus, vol. II. page 192.

Blaps Mortisaga, description of the larva, vol. II. page 99.

Blepusa costata, vol. I11. page 69.

Bolboceras, new species of, vol. III. page 79.

Brachelytra, habits of some British species, vol. IIT. page 108.

Brachinus crepitans, explosive properties of, vol. Il. pages vii, Ixxxil.

Brenthide, new species of, vol. V. page 182, 206.

Bruchus granarius, economy of, vol. IV. page xix.

Buprestide, new species of, vol. IV. pages 102, 208, 283.

Byrrhide, new species of, vol. [V. page 105.

Calandra granaria, observations on, vol. I. pages 241, Ixxvii.

Tamarindi, vol. I. page 36.

Callirhipis Hoodii, vol. I. page 151.

Laportei, vol. IV. page 181.

Callona tricolor, vol. IL. page 228.

Calosoma nigrum, vol. IV. page 85.

Sycophanta, anatomy of larva, vol. I. page 235.

capture in Britain, vol. III. page xxvii; vol. TV. page Ixxiii.

Campsosternus, monograph of the genus, vol. III. page 286.

Cantharidez, new species of, vol. IV. page 103.

Cantharis vesicatoria, abundant in Suffolk, vol. III. page ix.

Carabide, collected by C. Darwin, Esq., vol. II. page 128.

new species of, vol. IV. page 104; vol. V. page 202.

Curabus Schonherri, taken in Britain, vol. IV. page xxxvi.

Cerambyx formosus, vol. 11. page 178.

Cetoniid@, character distinguishing the sexes, vol. IV. page hii.

new species of, vol. IIL. page 215; vol. V. pages 32, 64,81, 144, 181.

Ceutorhynchus viduatus, a new British species, vol. [V. page xxxil.

Chetopisthes fulvus, vol. 1V. page 242.

Cheirotonus Parryii, vol. V. page 59.

Chiasognathus Grantii, notice of, vol. I. page Ixxxv.

Chlamys, portable case of the larva, vol. LV. page xxviil.

Chrysomela sanguinolenta, note on, vol. III. page x.

Chrysomelide of Australia, memoir on, vol. |V. pages 141, 197, 268, 293.

Cicindela Assamensis and C. latipennis, vol. 1V. page 84; vol. V. page 80.

limosa and C. Prinsepii, vol. I. page 64.

Shivah, vol. V. page 80.

Clinteria pantherina, vol. V. page 82.

Coccinelle, in swarms, vol. V. page xxiv.

Coleoptera, from China, descriptions of, vol. 1V. page 138.

larve and pupe of various species, vol. I. page 27.

observed in the Scilly Islands, vol. II. page 58.

Copris, coverings of the pupz, vol. I. page xxxviii; vol. II. page Ixxxi ; vol. IIT.

page xiv; vol. IV. page cxxxix.

Midas, habits of, vol. I. pages 180, xxxviii.

244 GENERAL INDEX.

Coxeortrr a—continued.

Cremastocheilus brunneus and C. Campbellii, vol. III. page 234.

Cryptodus, observations on the genus and allies, vol. IV. page 19.

Cryptorhynchus Batate, vol. V. page Ixix.

Decarthria Stephensii, vol. I. page 16.

Dermestes vulpinus, ravages of, vol. II. page Ix.

Diaperide, new species of, vol. [V. page 108.

Dicranorhina micans and D., cavifrons, vol. V. page Ixxxvii.

Diphucephala, monograph of the genus, vol. I. page 215.

Diphucrania aurifiua, gall formed by, vol. V. page 27.

Disphericus Gambianus, vol. I1I. page 210.

Dromius, observations on species of, vol. I. page 80.

Dynastes Jupiter, vol. IV. page xi.

Dynastide, new species of, vol. LV. pages 76, 112, 281.

Dyticus marginalis, monstrosity in, vol. II]. page 203.

Dytiscide, collected by C. Darwin, Esq., vol. III. page 1.

Elater noctiluca, luminosity of, vol. 1. page xlvi.

Elateride, habits of, vol. V. page Ixxi.

new species of, vol. IV. page 9.

Eumolpus pyrophorus, vol. 1V. page 86.

Euparia nigricans and E. Desjardinsii, vol. 1V. page xciii.

Eupromera Spryana, vol. 1V. page 224.

Galeruca Tanaceti, profusion of, vol. I. page xxxili.

Geodephaga, new species of, vol. IV. page xlv.

Geotrupide, new species of, vol. 1V. page 113.

Golofa, new species of, vol. II. page 42.

Haliplus ferrugineus, subdivided into several species, vol. I. page 175.

Haltica nemorum, to prevent ravages of, vol. I. page lii; vol. II. page 108.

temarks on, vol. IT. page 24.

See also Generat Sussects (insects destructive to turnips).

Haltice, collected by C. Darwin, Esq., vol. IL. page 131.

Heleide, new species of, vol. V. page 52.

Helluodes Taprobane, vol. IV. page 279.

Helophorus fennicus, food of, vol. V. page xvii.

Helopid@, new species of, vol. IV. page 111; vol. V. page 203.

Heptodonta Hopei, vol. 1V. page 84.

Heteromorphide, new species of, vol. [V. page 104.

Heteromera, new species of, vol. 1V. page Ixxvi.

Hexaphyllum Westwoodii, vol. LV. page xi.

Hexarthrius Buquettii, vol. 1V. page 182.

Hispide, new species of, vol. V. page 213.

Holoparamecus, notes on the genus, vol. 1V. page 234.

Hydradephaga, new species of, vol. IV. page xlvii.

Jumnos Ruckeri, vol. II. page 176.

Lamellicornes, new species of, vol. III. pages 62, 279; vol. 1V. pages 36, 114,

225, 284, 296, xliii, Ixviii.

with exserted mandibles and labrum, and 10-jointed antenne,

vol. IV. page 155. _

GENERAL INDEX. 245

Co.LrorTERA—continued.

Lamia croceo-cincta, vol. II. page 178.

Norrisii, vol. I. p. 148.

tector, habits of, vol. V. pages xlviii, Ixxxvi.

_ Lamiade, new species of, vol. 1V. pages 76, 86; vol. V. page 185.

Lampyride, at the Baths of Lucca, vol. IV. page xcv.

new species of, vol. 1V. page 10.

Languriu latipes, vol. 1. page 149.

Lebiade, new species of, vol. V. page 179.

Leiodes, phosphorescent ? vol. V. page ix.

Leptosomus acuminatus, vol. 11. page 192.

Longicornes, new species of, vol. 1V. pages 42, xlviii; vol. V. page 210.

Lophotus nodipennis, vol. I. page 15.

Lucanide, new species of, vol. Il. page 177; vol. IV. pages 5, 73, 183, 271, ci.

Lucanus Cervus, habits of, vol. I. page vi.

power of, vol. II. page xxii.

sectional characters of the genus, vol. 1V. page 271.

Lystronychus pulchellus, vol. I. page 153.

Lytta gigas and Mylabris pustulatus, as vesicants, vol. 1V. page xii.

Macromalocera Ceramboides and M. cenosa, vol. I. page 14.

Magdalis phlegmaticus, a new British species, vol. 1V. page xxxil.

Mechidius, memoir on the genus, vol. IV. page 78.

Megulorhina Harrisii, vol. V. page 19.

Melanospilus Bensoni, vol. 1V. page cxxx.

Meloe, animals produced from eggs of, vol. II. page 184 ; vol. IV. pages xvii, xxx.

Proscarabeus, diuretic properties of, vol. IV. page xil.

transformations of, vol. V. page v.

Melolontha bimaculata, vol. Il. page 176.

Melyride, new species of, vol. IV. page 105.

Metascelis flevilis, vol. 1V. page Ixvi.

Metaxymorpha Grayjii, vol. V. page 82.

Metopon suturalis, vol. 1V. page 69.

Micralymna Johnstone, habits of, vol, III. page xxix.

Microchetes sphericus, vol. I. page 13.

Micronyr pygmeus, a new British species, vol. 1V. page xxxii.

Mycroxylobius Westwoodii, vol. I. page 98.

Mimela, monograph of the genus, vol. I. page 108.

sapphirina, vol. IV. page 85.

Minurus testaceus, vol. IV. page 70.

Mitophyllus irroratus, vol. IV. page 55. :

Notaris Serpi, a new British species, vol. IV. page lil.

Osmoderma, new species of, vol. III. page 214.

Pachylocerus corallinus, vol. I. page 19.

Pachyrhynchus, species collected by H. Cuming, Esq,, vol. III. page 310.

Parastasia, new species of the genus, vol. IV. pages 91, ci.

Pausside, new species of, vol. Ll. pages 83, 84; vol. V. pages 22, 24, 29.

and Cetoniide, habits of, vol. 1V. page cxxx.

notes on, vol. V. pages 30, viil.

246 GENERAL INDEX.

CoLEeoprra—continued.

Pelidnota, new species of, vol. IV. page xi.

Philidotus Reichei, vol. IV. page 182.

Plataspis biloba and P, ceénosa, vol. 1V. page exlii.

Platynodes Westermannii, vol. LV. page 278.

Platypus (Tesserocerus) insignis, vol. 1. page 155.

Platyrhinus latirostris, habits of, vol. IL. page x.

Pleomorpha, memoir on the genus, vol. 1V. page 268.

Popillia, list of species of, vol. III. page 32.

Prionus pilosicollis, vol. 1. page 16.

Prostenus laticornis, vol. 1. page 154.

Pselaphide, found in ants’-nests, vol. V. page Ixxxvi.

new species of, vol. IV. page 106.

Pierotarsus bimaculatus, vol. I. page 150.

Ptinide, found on buried bones, vol. V. page Ixxxvii.

Ptinus hololeucus, in houses, vol. II. page Ixvii; vol. V. page Ixvi.

Pytho depressus, a new British species, vol. V. page xxviii.

Remphan Hopei, vol. I. page 67.

Rhipicera, new species of, vol. [V. page Ixiv.

Rhipidocerus Australusie, vol. I1I. page 70.

Rhomborhina, memoir on the genus, vol. LV. page 87.

Sacred beetle, instinct of, vol. IV. page exlvii.

notions respecting, vol. II. pages 172, hii.

Saperda ocularis, vol. IV. page 181.

populnea, Megarthrus seen emerging from body of, vol. III. page x.

testacea, vol. II. page 179.

Scarabeide, new species of, vol. IV. page 6.

Sceliages Hippias, vol. LV. page e.

Scolytus destructor, ravages of, vol. IL. pages xiil, xvi, xx, xxv, xlv.

vermicle parasitic on, vol. IT. pages xv. xx.

Scoteus Corallipes, vol. I. page 15.

Sebasteos Galenus, vol. IV. page c.

Serropalpus striatus, a new British species, vol. 1V. page cxiv.

Smicorhina Sayii, vol. V. page 19.

Staphilinus, memoir on the Linnzan species of, vol. IV. page 45.

Stenoderus pulcher and S. Roei, vol. I. page 17.

Sternoxi, new species of, vol. IV. page xlviii.

Tenclrionide, new species of, vol. [V. pages 106, 110.

Tomicus ( Hypothenemus) eruditus, vol. I. page 34.

Torneutes pallidipennis, vol. II. page 9.

Trachyderes venustus, vol. 1V. page i.

Tragocerus Spencei, vol. 1. page 18.

Trichiad@, new species of, vol. V. page 181.

Tricorynus Zee, vol. V. page Ixviii.

Trictenotoma Templetonii, vol. V. page 83.

Trigonophorus, memoir on the genus, vol. IV. page 87.

Trochoideus Amphora, vol. IV. page exviii.

Trogosita Caraboides, destructive to silk, vol. IV. page xxvi; vol. V. page xlix.

GENERAL INDEX. 247

CoLrorTreRA—Ccontinued.

Upis, observations on economy of a species of, vol. II. page 157.

‘ylophaga, observations on affinities of, vol. I. page 34.

Xylotrupide, new species of, vol. [V. page 7.

CRUSTACEA.

Acarus Crossei, development of, by galvanic agency? vol. LV. page liv.

Anomalocera Patersonii, vol. Il. page 35.

Arcturus, Lat., remarks on the genus, vol. I. page 69.

Crustacea, descriptions of new exotic, vol. I. page 185.

Limnoria terebrans, prevention of its ravages, vol. I, pages 119, xxxiv.

Land-crabs of the Deccan, vol. I. page 181.

Telmessus serratus, vol. [V. page cxxiv.

Thelphusa cunicularis, vol. I. page 183.

Xeuxo Westwoodiana, vol. II. page 203.

Zoea Pattersonii, vol. II. page 114.

DIPTERA.

Achias Ichneumoneus, vol. V. page 235.

Acroceride, new species of, vol. V. page 91.

Alliocera Greca, vol. 1V. page 62.

Anthrax ruficollis, vol. III. page 59.

Atheryx Ibis, masses of, vol. V. pages xliil, Ixxi.

Atomosia purpurata, vol. V. page 233.

Ceria Eumenioides, vol. III. page 60.

new species of the genus, vol. LV. page 63; vol. V. pages 230, 234.

Cheilosia gracilis, in numbers dead on grass, vol. 1V. page xiii.

Dasyneura zonata, Vol. III. page 61.

Didea fasciata, a rare British species, vol. IV. page ci.

Diopsis Hearseiana, vol. 1V. page xcix.

Dipterous parasites on insects, vol. III. page iii.

Euscelidia rapax, vol. V. page 232.

Flies, on the pulvilli of, vol. LV. page 18.

Gastrovides ater, vol. II]. page 59 ; vol. IV. page 233.

Mydasid@, new species of, vol. V. page 87.

stride, observations on, vol. IIL. page 72.

Phytomza lateralis, destructive to pansies, vol. LV. page xciii.

Platyroptilon Miersii, vol. V. page 231.

Simulium Columbatchense, effects of its attacks on cattle, vol. IV. page cliv.

Systropus ophioneus, vol. V. page 233.

Trichopsidea wstracea, vol. LI. page 151.

EUPLEXOPTERA.

Observations on earwigs, vol. I. page 157.

HEMIPTERA.

Callidea spinigera, vol. V. page 186.

Cyclogaster pallidus, vol. II. page 20.

HemipTrera—continued.

Enicocephalus, new species of, vol. II. page 23.

Eucerocoris nigriceps, vol. II. page 22.

Eumenotes obscura, vol. IV. page cxv.

Eumetopia fissiceps, vol. II. page 19.

Halobates Streatfieldana, vol. 1. page 230.

Hemiptera, on the wings of, vol. ILI. page 95.

Heteroptera, descriptions of new species, vol. III. page 84; vol. IV. pages 119,243. |

Holoptilus, memoir on the genus, vol. II. page 248. |

Hydrometra stagnorum, distinctive characters of, vol. I. page liv.

Macrocephalus ( Amblythereus), new species of, vol. III. page 28.

monograph of the genus, vol. III. page 18.

Myocoris, some account of the genus, vol. III. page 102.

Notonecta glauca, migration of, vol. V. page xxxvi.

Onoscelis Australasia, vol. II. page 20.

Pentatomide, new species of, vol. V. page 187.

Physoderes notata, vol. 1V. page cxv.

Pecilocoris, sketch of the genus, vol. V. page 100.

Reduviide, new species of, vol. 1V. pages 119, 243, Ixxiv. exi.

248 GENERAL INDEX.

Stenotoma Desjardinsii, vol. 1V. page cxix.

Syrtis, Fab., observations on the genus, vol. IIT. page 18.

HOMOPTERA.

Aleyrodes Phillyree, habit of, vol. V. page xlvili.

Alleloplasis and Cephalelus, new genera, vol. II. page 194.

Aphides, notes on, vol. V. pages 60, 62, xxi, xxv.

species of, destitute of mouth, vol. V. pages xxvii, Ixii.

Aphis Humuli, ravages of, vol. I. pages lii, lvii.

vastator, a distinct species, vol. V. page vii.

Batracomorphus, Idiocerus, and Macropsis, new genera, vol. I. page 47.

Cicada clarisona, note on, vol. I. page xxxil.

septendecem, notes on, vol. I. page xxx.

Cocci, on the destruction of, vol. I. page 171.

Coccus, on pine apples, to destroy, vol. I. pages Ixiv, Ixvii.

Cochineal insects, habits of, vol. V. page v.

Delphax saccharivora, ravages of, vol. I. pages xxvii, xxxv, xlil; vol. V. page xix. ]

Fulgora candelaria, non-luminosity of, vol. IV. page xxxix. !

laternaria, observations on, vol. I. page xxxii; vol. V. page xxxvili.

Lachnus Querctis, a new British species, vol. V. pages xx, XXlv, XXVil.

Pemphigus Lactuce, a new British species, vol. V. pages Ixxvii, Ixxxiv.

Rhisobius Helianthemi, vol. LV. page Ixxxvi.

Smynthurodes Bete, a new British species, vol. V. page Ix.

HYMENOPTERA.

nictus inconspicuus, vol. [V. page 238.

Anomma arcens, vol. V. page 17.

Ants, ‘‘ Drivers” of West Africa, vol. V. page 1.

in houses, vol. I. pages xxv, xxxii; vol. Il. pages 65, xxviii, li, Ixxvii.

GENERAL INDEX. 949

Hymenoprera—continued,

Ants, laying up stores of food, vol. I. page xxix; vol. Il. pages 211, xxxvii.

new species of Indian, vol. I. page 99.

notes on British species, vol. IIL. page 151; vol. IV. pages xiii, Ix.

pertinacity of, in their attacks, vol. I. page xxi.

Athalia centifolia, ravages of, and remedies for, vol. I. page Ixxvii ; vol. 11. pages

xxvi, Ixxvili.

Alta providens, vol. I. page 99.

Bees and Hornets, structure of nests, vol. III. page 183.

Wasps, natural form of their cells, vol. III. pages xi, xii, xiv, xvi, xXx.

Honey, economy of, vol. LV. page cxxxiv.

Honey, of Brazil, notes on, vol. V. page xii.

means by which they find their way back to their hives, vol. LV. page 57

production of a queen from a neuter larva, vol. IV. pages cxxxi, exxxiv.

queen found in coitu on the ground, vol. V. page xii.

Blastophaga Sycomori, vol. II. page 220.

Chalcidide, memoir on the classification of, vol. III. page 295.

Chalcis ( Brachymeria) Euple@, vol. II. page vi.

pyramidea, note on, vol. II. page 224.

Crabro cephalotes? habits of, vol. 1V. page cxxxvil.

Cynips insana, vol. II. page 17.

longipennis, forming galls on oak leaves, vol. II. page xliii.

Dorylas, &c., habits of the genera in India, vol. IV. page exxvii.

Epeolus variegatus, notes on economy of, vol. LV. page 29.

Epomidiopteron Julii, vol. II. page 149.

Evania, aud allied genera, new species of, vol. III. page 237.

Formica indefessa, vol. I, page 99.

Hyleus, new British species of, vol. 1V. page 29.

economy of, vol. IV. page lvii.

Hymenoptera, Aculeate, on the habits of, vol. I. page 52.

new species of, vol. II. page 68 ; vol. III. page 223,

description of upper wing of, with a view to the development of the

Alary system of Jurine, vol. I. page 208.

gregarious, habits, and structure of their nests, vol. III. page 183.

neuters of two kinds, vol. IV. pages ix, xiii.

on the apod larve of, with reference to the segmental theory of

annulose animals, vol. IT. page 121.

Megachile centuncularis, habits of, vol. 1V. page 1.

Melittobia Audouinii, observations on, vol. V. page Ixv.

Mesotrichia torrida, vol. IL. page 112.

Myrmica Kirbii, vol. I. page 99.

Myrmicaria brunnea, vol. III. page 57.

Monodontomerus nitidus, name proposed for a new species, vol. V. page xlii.

Nomada, parasitic habits of, vol. III. page 293; vol. 1V. page Ixvii.

Odynerus Antilope, notes on habits of, vol. I. page 78; vol. 1V. page evil.

species of, number of segments in male and female, vol. I. page Ixvii.

Osmia leucomelana, economy of, vol. 1V. pages 29, eviii.

Pulmon, economy of the genus, and descriptions of new species, vol. [V. page 256.

250 GENERAL INDEX.

HymEnoprrra—continued.

Perga Lewisii, vol. I. page 234 ; vol. II. page xliv.

Pimpla Sodomiticus, vol. Il. page 17.

Polistes gallica, proceedings of a colony of, vol. IV. page 136.

Pompilus? audax, vol. IV. page 141.

Proneus Campbellii, vol. ILI. page 58.

Scleroderma, monograph of the genus, vol. Il. page 164.

Scolia fulva, vol. III. page 222.

Sirex duplex, ravages of, vol. II. page Ixxxii; vol. III. page ii.

Juvencus, ravages of, vol. II. page Ixxxiii; vol. V. page Ixxvii.

Sphegide, new species of, vol. III. page 223 ; vol. LV. page xvi.

Sphex figulus, L., observations on, vol. V. page 57.

on the nomenclature of the genus, vol. IV. page xvii.

Sycophaga crassipes, vol. II. page 222.

Tenthredo testudinea, larva of, in apples, vol. III. pages ix, xxv; vol. 1V. page

XXXIl.

Thoracantha Latreilleii, vol. Il. page 196.

Tuphlopone, note on, vol. IV. page Ixix.

Vespa Britannica, notes on, vol. [V. page Ixxxii.

holsatica, notes on, vol. IV. pages lii, Ixxxii.

Wasps, fond of honey-dew, vol. IV. page cxiv.

method of entrapping, vol. 1V. page xv.

predaceous habits of, vol. I. page 228.

taken in coitu, vol. V. page xxxill.

Xiphidria, economy of the genus, vol. IV. page 123.

LEPIDOPTERA.

Acentria, Acentropus, and Zancle, identity of the genera, vol. I. page 117.

Acherontia Atropos, noise produced by, vol. II, page Ixxvi; vol. IV. pages cviii, °

elvii.

barren females of, vol. LV. page clvil.

Achroea alveuria, observations on, vol. lV. page xxxi.

Acidalia pallidaria, a new British species, vol. V. page xxiil.

Egeria Apiformis, wings clothed with scales, vol. V. page xvii.

Agrolis Segetum, larva destructive to turnips, vol. II. page xxx.

Anacampsis, larve of, destructive to corn, &c., vol. II. page Ixviii.

Anchylopera subarcuana, vol. V. page 21.

Apatura Iris, habits of, vol. II. page 136.

Aphelosetia rufocinerea, habitat of pupa, vol. V. page Ixiv.

Argyresthia Sorbiella, a new British species, vol. V. page Ixxi.

Spiniella and Amiantella ? new British species, vol. V. page Ixxxv.

Bombyx Mori, muscardine on larva of, vol. II, page xii.

(Actias) Selene, notes on, vol. IV. page 221; vol. V. pages 85, xxviii, cvii.

Bugong moth, eaten by Australian aborigines, vol. III. page xxiv; vol. IV. page

Xvi.

Butterflies, gregarious, vol. I. page 38.

influence of slight changes of temperature on, vol. V. page Ixxil.

migrations of, in Britain, vol. 1V. page cliv.

GENERAL INDEX. 251

LrepirpoprErA—continued.

Butterflies, migrations of, in British Guiana, vol. IV. pages xv, xvii.

Caradima cubicularis, larvee found in wheat-stack, vol. II. pages xlii, lix ; vol. IV.

page xv.

Castnia, synopsis of species of the genus, vol. II. page 140.

Caterpillars, metamorphosis of, vol. III. page 157.

migratory in Van Diemen’s Land, vol. II. page liv.

processionary in Van Diemen’s Land, vol. II. page lv.

profusion of, vol. II. pages v, xxii; vol. IV. page xxviii.

ravages of, in cherry trees, vol. II. page lvi.

wheat, vol. IV. page xv.

web spun by, over maize, vol. IV. page exlv ; vol. V. page xxii.

winter quarters of, in rose trees, vol. V. page xxxvil.

Catocala Sponsa and C, promissa, time of emerging from pupa, vol. V. page xxxv.

Catoptria citrana, a new British species, vol. V. page xxiii,

Cerostoma porrectella, food of larva, vol. III. page xxiu.

Chelepteryx Collesi, vol. I. page 121.

Coccyx Strobilella, habits of, vol. V. page Ixvii.

Colias Hyale, note on, vol. LV. page Ixxv.

Cosmopteryx pedellu, a new British species, vol. V. page Ixxxiv.

Cucullia Solidaginis, vol. 11. page 57.

Cyneda dentalis, captured in Britain, vol. V. page xviii.

Depressaria conterminella, food of larva, vol. V. page Ixxi.

Gossypiella, vol. III. page 285.

memoir on the genus, vol. V. page 151.

Erateina, a new genus of Geometridae, vol. V. page 110.

Erycing, new species of, vol. V. page 215.

Eucheira socialis, vol. 1. page 44.

Eumenia, character of the pupa, vol. IV. page Ixix.

Eupithecia togata, a new British species, vol. IV. page cxxviil.

Exe@retia Allisella, vol. V. page 152.

Gelechia alacella, a new British species, vol. IV. page cxli.

Gelechia, Zel., memoir on the genus, vol. V. pages 173, 195.

Glea erythrocephala, a new British species, vol. V. page Ix.

Gonepteryx Wallichii, vol. V. page xlvii.

Gracillaria anastomosis, habits of the larve, vol. III. page vi.

Graphiphora depuncta, a new British species, vol. 1V. page liv.

tristigma, a new British species, vol. 1V. page cxlix.

Hermaphrodite British species, descriptions of, vol. V. page 119.

Hipparchia Briseis, taken in England, vol. II1. page xxxi.

Hybrids between different species, vol. II. page Ixviii; vol. III. page 193.

Ilythia sociella, structure of cocoons, vol. V. page Ixvi.

Laria fascelina, caterpillar injurious to hop plants, vol. II. page xxvii.

Lepidoptera, Ceylonese, Notes on, vol. V. page 44.

genera determined by neuration of wings, vol. LV. page xiii.

Indian, Notes on, vol. V. page 45.

larve of, in cells of Odynerus, vol. II. page xviii.

Lithocolletes Roborella, a new British species, vol. [V. page cxlv.

252 GENERAL INDEX.

Lepiporrrra—continued.

Lytea leucographa, a new British species, vol. IV. page evii.

Mancipium Daplidice, capture of, at Dover, vol. I. page Ixix.

Melitea Cinzia, L., identical with P. Delia, W. V., vol. V. page Ixiii.

Morpho, species of, found settling on dung, vol. IV. page cxlvii.

Moths, anthers of flowers attached to their heads, vol Il. pages Ix, Ixii.

the fluid exuded when they escape from their cocoons, vol. II. page xxix.

small, best pins for, vol. V. page Ixxxiil.

Nephopteryx angustella, a new British species, vol. V. page xxxi.

Nepticula argyropeza, a new British species, vol. V. page Ixxi.

Noctua (Xylophasia?) Ewingi, vol. I. page lv.

Notodonta tritophus, a new British species, vol. 1V. page Ixxiv.

Nyssia sonaria, habits and locality of, vol. IV. page xvi.

Oiketious elongutus, vol. V. page 42.

O. consortus and tertius, vol. V. page 39.

habits of a species of, vol. V. page 40.

Oinophila, new generic name proposed for Gracillaria v.-flava, vol. V. page xli.

Orthotatia Sparganiella, note on, vol. V. page 151.

Oncocera Cardui, food of larve, vol. V. page Ixiv.

Oxypate gelatella, habits of the larve, vol. V. page lvii.

Pachythelia, new generic name proposed for Penthophera nigricans, vol. V. page

xlii.

Papilio Erostratus and P. Zetes, vol. V. page 36.

Machaon, two years in pupa, vol. V. page xlii.

Penthina sauciana, a new British species, vol. V. page Ixiii.

Penthophora nigricans, habits of, vol. V. page xl.

Peridromia Feronia, noise made by, vol. 1V. page cxxiii.

Peronea tristana, food and synonymy of, vol. V. page Ixxxvi.

Phoxopteryx upupana, a new British species, vol. V. page I xii.

Plusia Gamma, eggs of, fertile, without intercourse with a male, vol. I. page Ixi.

Polia Lichenea, a new British species, vol. V. page xxv.

Porrectaria fasciato-pennella, a new British species, vol. V. page xxxvi.

lineola, food of the larva, vol. V. page Ixiv.

Vibicipennella, a new British species, vol. 1V. page cxx.

Psyche plumifera, vol. I. page 76.

Suturnia Leto, vol. V. page li.

Promethea, habits of, vol. II. page 8.

Segetia Xanthographa, remarkable variety of, vol. V. page 99.

Sesia Bombyliformis, wings clothed with scales, vol. 1V. page x.

Smerinthus, Hybrid, vol. 11]. page 193, 195; vol. 1V. page 68.

Sphina Convolvuli, barren females of, vol. 1V. page clvii.

Spilonota amenana, a new British species, vol. V. page xxiii.

fenella, food of larve, vol. V. page xlv.

Syntomide, curious structure in wings of a species of, vol. V. page xii.

Thecla Isocrates, vol. II. page 1.

Thyridopteryx Ephemer@formis, and its habits, vol. 1. page 77.

Tinea Clerkella? Lin., ravages of, vol. Il. page xxv.

cloacella, feeds on fungi, vol. II. page x.

GENERAL INDEX. 258

LrpiporTreERraA—continued.

Tinea ferruginella, found in a coal mine, vol. V. page Ixxxviil.

festaliella, Hub, synonymy of, vol. V. page 142.

granella, habits of, vol. IV. page clviii; vol. V. page vi.

Tinee, leaf-mining, with eye-caps, memoir on, vol. V. page 121.

Tortriz, larvz of, in wood of a rose tree, vol. V. page xxxvil.

prizes offered for monographs of some genus of, vol. V. page Ixxxviil.

Xeuridia Luxeri, neuration of wings of, vol. V. page xli.

Yponomeuta Mulivorella, a new British species, vol. V. page xxi.

Padella, notes on, vol. I. page 21.

Sedella, a new British species, vol. 1V. page cvi.

web formed by? on maize, vol. IV. page cxlv.

MYRIAPODA.

Cermatia, memoir on the genus, vol. III. page 302.

Tulus pilosus, a new British species, vol. IV. page Ixix.

pulchellus, ravages of, vol. IV. page xcil.

Sandvicensis, a new British species, vol. 1V. page Ixvi.

Myriapoda, development of, vol. IV. page xiv.

Scolopendra pallipes, effects of its bite, vol. 1V. pages cxiil, cxxil.

reproduction of limbs in, vol. 111. pages xxv, xxxiii ; vol. LV. page iv.

Scolopendrilla notacantha, a new British species, vol. 1V. page xl.

NEUROPTERA.

Agrionide, habits of the, vol. I. page Ixxxi.

mode of oviposition, vol. I. page ]xxxii.

Atropos pulsatoria, structural characters of, vol. IV. page 71.

Chrysopa, monograph of the British species, vol. V. page 77.

Clothilla studiosa, vol. 1V. pages 72, iv.

Coniopteryx Tineiformis, affinities of, vol. V. page xxxil.

Nemoptera Huttii, vol. V. page xxvii,

new species of, vol. I. page Ixxv.

Panorpa, monograph of the genus and its allies, vol. LV. page 184.

Pteronarcys, has branchiz in imago state, vol. IV. page xcvil.

Raphidia Ophiopsis, vol. I. page 23.

Sialis, habits of the genus, vol. [V. page 261.

ORTHOPTERA.

Blatta, notes on egg-cases of, vol. III. page 103.

not the same insect as Oreb, that humbled the pride of Pharoah, vol. LI.

page 179.

ravages of, and remedies for, vol. I. pages xlviti, Ixxix Ixxxiii; vol. 11. page

x; vol. III. page xxiv.

Ephyppitytha maculata, vol. IV. page 300.

254 GENERAL INDEX.

OrtTHOPTERA—Continued.

Locusts in Britain, vol. IV. pages xxv, Ixxxi, clv.

notes on Indian, vol. V. page iil.

Mole-crickets, ravages of, in West Indies, vol. II. pages x, xxxi.

Cdipoda Edwardsii, vol. IV. page cxix.

Phasmide, Australian species of, vol. I. page 45.

Tetrix, natatorial habits of, vol. IV. pages cxvii, exxvii.

STREPSIPTERA.

Elenchus Templetonii, vol. 1. page 173.

tenuicornis, capture of, in Britain, vol. I. page Ixv.

Strepsiptera, economy of, vol. I. page 163, 169, xxxix; vol. II. page Ixxvii; vol.

IIL. pages 67, vi; vol. IV. page lvii.

Stylopid@, parasite on larve of, vol. II. page 184.

Stylops Dalei, note on, vol. III. page 67.

Spencei, vol. I. page 168.

Xenos Westwoodii, vol. III. page 51.

THYSANOURA.

Campodea Staphylinus, vol. IV. page lv.

Lepisma niveo-fasciata, vol. III. page 304.

Thysanoura, description of Irish species of, vol. I. page 92.

introductory observations on, vol. I. page 89.

LONDON:

C. ROWORTH AND SONS, PRINTERS,

BELL YARD, TEMPLFE BAR.

PROCEEDINGS

THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON.

4th January, 1847.

The Rev. F. W. Hope, F.R.S., President, in the Chair.

DonaTIONS.

The Calcutta Journal of Natural History, Nos. 17—24. Pre-

sented by the Editor, Dr. MacClelland, Corr. M. E.S.

Monographie des Coléoptéres Phytophages. Vol.I. By M.

Theodore Lacordaire, the Author thereof.

The Agricultural Magazine for December, 1846. By the Editor.

The Naturalist’s Almanack for 1847. Presented by Mr. Van

Voorst, the Publisher.

G. A. Gilbert, Esq., Honorary Secretary of the School of Arts

at Port Philip, was ballotted for and elected a Corresponding

Member of the Society.

The President then stated that the meeting had been specially

summoned to take into consideration the proposed alterations in,

and additions to, the By-Laws, of which due notice had been

given at the previous meetings of the Society. The By-Laws were

thereupon revised seriatim, and various modifications therein and

additions thereto were adopted by the Society; which were ordered

to be printed for distribution among the members.

25th January, 1847.

The Rev. F. W. Hope, F.R.S., President, in the Chair.

This being the Anniversary Meeting of the Society,—Captain

Parry, T. Tatham, E. Doubleday, and W. Spry, Esqrs., Mem-

bers of the previous Council, were removed therefrom, and G,

VOL, V. a

il PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Newport, J. F. Stephens, J. J. Weir, and W. F. Evans, Esqrs.,

were elected in their stead; and

W. Spence, Esq., was elected President ;

W. Yarrell, Esq., Treasurer ; and

Messrs. Westwood and Evans, Secretaries.

The President delivered an extemporary address on the state of

the Society, and its proceedings during the past year; whereupon

it was resolved, that a vote of thanks should be given to him for

his services as President, and for the uniform support he had

afforded to the Society.

Votes of thanks were also passed to the other officers.

lst February, 1847.

W. Spence, Esq., President, in the Chair.

DonarTIONs.

The Athenzeum for May, September, October, November and

December, 1846. Presented by the Editor.

The Agricultural Magazine for January, 1847. By the Editor.

Notes on the Transformations of Akis punctata, and the genus

Donacia. By M. Mulsant, the Author thereof.

Various insects from the neighbourhood of Cracow. By Percy

N. Hart, Esq.

Edwin Shepherd, Esq., of Fleet Street, London, was Lallotted

for and elected an Ordinary M. E.S.; and C. A. Wilson, E'sq., of

Adelaide, South Australia, was elected a Corresponding M.E.S.

The President addressed the Society, returning thanks for

his election as President, and nominated W. Yarrell, A. Ingpen,

and J. Walton, Esqrs., for the Vice-Presidents for the ensuing

year.

Mr. Edward Doubleday exhibited a box of Lepidopterous in-

sects from Caraccas, recently received from Mr. Dyson, contain-

ing many new and interesting species, especially a new species of

Papilio, which presents all the appearance of a large black and

orange Heliconia, of which other analogies amongst the moths

were also exhibited ; also a monstrous specimen of Glaucopis bel-

latrix, having the apex of the wing double.

Mr. Wollaston exhibited the female of Jumnos Ruckert, Saund.,

of which the male only had been hitherto known ; also a specimen

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. lil

of a Cetonia from the Himalayas, having the pronotum divided

into two lobes, being constricted longitudinally nearly into two

lateral halves.

Mr. Westwood exhibited drawings of Papilio paradoxus, from

a specimen in the British Museum; and specimens of an appa-

rently distinct species, from the collection of Mr. Harrington ;

and a female of an allied new species analogous to Euplaea, from

the collection of the East India Company, communicated by Dr.

Horsfield.

Captain Parry exhibited a small collection of exotic Coleoptera,

containing many new and remarkable forms; also a specimen of

Papilio Boisduvallianus, from the collection of M. Imhoff of Basle.

Mr. Griffith exhibited a number of beautiful drawings of

British Lepidopterous insects executed by Miss Elizabeth Gorr

of Worthing.

A Memoir on a new species of British Tortricidae, by J. W.

Douglas, was read.

Also Notes on Indian Locusts. By Dr. W. L. M‘Gregor and

Captain Edwardes. Dr. M‘Gregor states that two well marked

varieties or species of locusts had visited the north-western

provinces of India. The most common kind is of a yellow colour,

the other of a red or brick-dust; the wings of the latter being

grey, spotted with black; the yellow is larger than the red locust,

and the legs of the former are stronger and longer, but their

numbers are insignificant when compared to those of the red

locusts which visited the north-western provinces of India during

the past year. A very large flight of the yellow locusts over-

spread the north-western provinces in 1834, committing great

destruction on the crops; their larvee appeared in October, and in

November they were cleared off by flocks of that useful bird the

Mina paradisea. Captain Edwardes suggests that Dr. M‘Gregor

alludes to a different yellow locust from the one which he had

noticed, a drawing of which was laid before the Society by the

Rev. F. W. Hope. Dr. M‘Gregor distinguishes the red one from

the yellow, by saying that the latter has grey wings spotted with

black, leaving the inference that the yellow ones have not such

coloured wings, whereas every yellow locust in the great flight

observed by Captain Edwardes had the wings exactly similar to

those of the red one. Moreover the general average size of the

yellow locusts which he had observed was smaller than that of

the red ones instead of larger.

Description of the gall-like nest of an Australian species of

Buprestidae. By W. W. Saunders, Esq.

iV PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Notes on the habits and description of a new Australian species

of Otketicus. By W. W. Saunders, Esq.

Mr. Westwood brought before the notice of the Society a recent

publication on the potatoe disease by Mr. Smee, in which the

disease is exclusively attributed to the attacks of a species of

Aphis. This subject he considered as one of too great import-

ance to allow such a fallacy to be disseminated without being

checked ; the well known nature of the operations of the Aphides

on other plants being of a totally different kind from the potatoe

disease, whilst the facts which have been recently observed, of the

occurrence of the disease without the presence of a single Aphis,

completely disproved a theory which its author is nevertheless

endeavouring to promulgate with unceasing pertinacity. Mr.

Westwood’s statements and opinions were supported by the

remarks of the President as well as by Messrs. J. F. Stephens and

E. Doubleday.

March \st, 1847.

W. Spence, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Donations.

Concours pour de bonnes Observations sur les Insectes nuisibles

al Agriculture. 8vo. A Report presented to the Societé Royale

et Centrale d’Agriculture. By M. Guérin Méneville.

The Agricultural Magazine for February. By the Editor.

Douglas Jerrold’s Newspaper for the preceding week. By the

Editor.

Annual Address delivered to the Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club

by R. Embleton, Esq. By the Club.

The 86th Part of Illustrations of British Entomology, com-

pleting the work. By J. F. Stephens, Esq., the Author thereof.

The new edition of the Introduction to Entomology, in 2 vols.,

by Messrs. Kirby and Spence. By W. Spence, Esq.

Four Specimens of Nonagria crassicornis. By Mr. Wing.

Exuritions, Memotrrs, &c.

Captain Parry exhibited a specimen of an Lrotylus, from various

portions of the body of which a number of slender vegetable

appendages had been produced, which Mr. W. W. Saunders re-

ferred to the genus Clavaria.

Mr. Gutch exhibited an extensive collection of European Lepi-

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Vv

doptera, including a specimen of the very rare /smene Helios from

Bokhara, which Mr. Doubleday referred to the genus Parnassius,

agreeing therewith in the general arrangement of the veins of the

wings and spur of the anterior tibia, although the palpi were

rather more elongated and the hind wings marked beneath as in

Pontia Daplidice, with which it also agrees in the general form of

the wings.

Likewise a number of minute Coleoptera very carefully set out

upon small square pieces of tale by M. Waga of Warsaw, and so

arranged, by sticking a number of pieces of tale on one pin, as to

pack up in very small compass. Likewise a number of Cater-

pillars very skilfully preserved by M. Graeff of Berlin (Jeru-

salemme Strasse, No. 18), and sold at very reasonable prices.

Mr. Westwood exhibited specimens and drawings of the

Cochineal insect in its various states, which he had received from

Mr. Augustus Faber, by whom it had been brought from Madeira.

He had ascertained that its habits were unlike those of the

ordinary Coccide, as the females brought forth their young alive,

and which were not deposited beneath the body; moreover the

male pupz were enclosed in a bag-like cocoon with the lower end

open, out of which the imago escapes backwards with the wings

laid over the head; thus as well as in other respects warranting

its generic separation as proposed by him in his “ Introduction to

the Modern Classification of Insects.” A memoir had been lately

published in the Pharmaceutical Journal on this insect, in which

various erroneous observations had been made. In reply to a

question by Mr. Newport, Mr. Westwood observed further that

the circumstances which he had detailed took place in the ordinary

temperature of the atmosphere during the preceding summer and

autumn, the plants having been kept in a chamber without a fire.

The President read an extract from a letter from R. Stewart,

Esq., one of the Members of the ‘Torquay Natural History

Society, on the subject of exchanges of Insects to be made

between the Societies; whereupon some observations were made

by Messrs. Saunders, Douglas and Doubleday as to the mode

adopted by the Botanical Society for distributing their duplicates

amongst the members, with a view to the adoption of a similar

plan in this Society, which Mr. Saunders urged especially with

regard to English Insects.

Mr. Newport exhibited specimens of the transformations of

the genus Meloe, viz. the larve in the earliest stage of M. violaceus,

the full grown larvee, the nymph and imago of M. cicatricosus,

which latter he had reared. In their earliest stage the larva of

VOL. V. b

Vi PROCEEDINGS OF THE

M., proscarabeus and violaceus are identical with the insects found

on Nomade, &c. ‘The change from the active habits of the young

to the inactive full grown larvae was noticed, and it was stated that

the limbs became gradually shortened by the claw being thrown

off at each change. In reply to an observation by Mr. Westwood,

that the full grown larva had been described by Geoffroy, (Hist.

Ins. i. 877,) Mr. Newport stated that Geoffroy had mistaken the

larva of Timarcha tenebricosa for that of Meloe. Mr. Newport

further stated that he had counted as many as 2109 eggs in each

ovary of a female M. violaceus for a first deposit; and that there

were eggs in an immature state for two or three more layings, so

that the whole number could not be less than 10,000: the young

larvee are found in flowers of low plants, such as the dandelion,

buttercup, &c., but the eggs are deposited at the roots of grass

and are of yellow colour. Mr. Westwood stated, however, that

on one occasion, whilst collecting in Coombe Wood, upon beating

a broom into his sweeping net he found an immense number of

minute larvee of a Meloe, many of which, by crawling upon his

person, produced a most violent irritation for a short time.

Mr. Douglas stated that Sphinx celerio and convolvuli had been

as abundant in France during the last season as in England, as

stated in the French “ Annales:” and Mr. Westwood stated that

near Canterbury the latter had been so abundant that a friend of

his had captured as many as five in his net at once.

Mr. Spence read an extract of a letter from G. H. K. Thwaites,

Esq., dated 18th December, 1846, respecting the larvee of Tinea

granella, of which he had given a series of details at a former

meeting. Mr. Thwaites stated that in collecting some larvae on

that day he had observed that instead of burrowing into the

wood of the granary beams, &c. many of them had made their

hybernacula by fastening grains of corn to the sides of the wall.

This had occurred in a room where a bulk of corn had been

recently removed and the walls had not been kept clean.

Mr. Spence added some observations on the interest thus

shown in the insects modifying their habits under certain, in this

case unknown, circumstances.

Mr. Waterhouse alluded to the hybernation, in the larva state,

of Cossus, and Mr. Doubleday to that of the Tenthredinide and

many Tortricide and Tineide under similar circumstances.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. vil

5th April, 1847.

W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.

Donations,

Transactions of the Zoological Society of London. Vol. ii.

part 4.

Proceedings of the same Society. July to November, 1846,

and index. Presented by that Society.

Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society. Vol. vii. part 2.

Presented by that Society.

The Agricultural Magazine for March, 1847. By the Editor.

A Treatise on the Potatoe Disease. By J. Parking. Presented

by the Author.

Mr. Westwood called the attention of the Society to the last

mentioned work, in which Mr. Smee’s views were repudiated ;

and at the same time took occasion to allude to the fallacious

opinions that the potatoe disease was attributable to insects, which

had so extensively gained ground even among well informed

persons, mentioning as an instance thereof that no fewer than four

of the bishops who had preached on the recent fast-day had

alluded to insects as its cause. He likewise referred to the

equally fallacious proposal to destroy insects injurious to vege-

tables in vast numbers, by means of galvanized wires drawn over

the fields or plants infected with the insects, which was founded

on the plan of deterring slugs from attacking plants by galvanic

rings. Messrs. Stephens and Ingpen also mentioned other in-

stances of the disease of the potatoe having been attributed to

insects, and Mr. Spence alluded to the necessity which was thus

clearly proved to exist for making the study of natural history,

and especially of Entomology, a branch of education.

A note was read by F. Walker, Esq., with prospectuses of his

proposed work on the Aphides, and stating that the Aphis vastator

of Smee was a distinct species.

Mr. F. Bond exhibited a specimen of Graphiphora tristigma,

taken at Darenth at the end of June last; also a species of

Noctuide, new to Britain, taken at Yaxley Fen at the end of

July.

Mr. Ingpen exhibited some cocoons apparently of a Tinea or

Yponomeuta, which had been found under boards lying upon sand,

and which were externally covered with grains of sand.

b 2

vill PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Mr. Westwood exhibited a new species of the singular dipterous

genus Achias from Java, belonging to the collection of the East

India Company.

Mr. W. W. Saunders exhibited a bottle of capsicum, portion

of a large quantity received by the East India Company from

Bombay, which was found to be greatly infested by Lasioderma

testaceum, Steph., a small heetle belonging to the family Piimde,

which is also stated by Mr. Westwood occasionally to infest

Schumach, which it deteriorates to a great extent (Introduction to

Modern Class. of Insects, vol. i. p. 272). Cayenne pepper is

also stated by Messrs. Kirby and Spence to be subject to the

ravages of Anobium paniceum, Linn., (testaceum of Marsham,)

probably mistaken by them for the former insect, which it greatly

resembles.

Mr. Saunders also exhibited living specimens of two beautiful

species of Bruchus, feeding upon leguminous seeds received by

Dr. Royle from the Himalayas.

Mr. Westwood communicated a letter from Mr. Barnes of

Bicton Gardens, noticing various injuries produced by insects,

especially mentioning that some early sown beans had been found

to have the stems bored by an insect from the base to the level

of the surface of the ground. Specimens of the insects proved

to be Sttona lineata, which is well known to gnaw the edges of

the leaves of beans. Mr. Spence, therefore, doubted whether

this species was the real cause of the mischief, and stated that he

believed that the larvee of Sitone reside in galls at the roots of

beans, which a friend had observed to be infested with root-

galls at Holderness in Yorkshire, and, further, that when the

crops were reaped numbers of Sitone were found. Mr. Walton

stated that Otiorynchus tenebricosus is very injurious in gardens,

especially in Dorsetshire.

Descriptions of some new Australian Chrysomelide were read

by W. W. Saunders, Esq.; also

Description of a new Species of Pausside from Port Natal, by

J. O. Westwood, Esq.

Extracts from a letter received by Mr. Ingpen from Mr, C, A.

Wilson of South Adelaide, dated 9th September, 1846. He

considers that the smaller species found near Adelaide is Cerap-

terus MacLeaii.* Myr. Westwood’s figure in the Entomological

* [The figure referred to by Mr. Wilson represents Cerapterus piceus. C. Mac-

Leaii is distinguished by a redder colour, and by having the outer angles at the

up of the tibiz very acute. See Arcana Ent. ii. pl. 50, fig. 3 (C. piceus) and

4 (C, MacLeaii). The species, 8 lines long, is doubtless a new one.—J. O. W.]

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. 1X

Society’s Transactions, Vol. II. Pl. X. fig. 7, is exactly like it in

shape and size, shown as usual by the right hand line; but the

species in all he had found was of a lighter hue, but this is not

enough he should think to allow it to be considered a different

species: it is more like Paussus ruber. Six specimens of this

insect have now been found, and all within the last four years, of

which he and the younger members of his family had found five.

The remaining one was in the possession of Mr. Hall. All were

found under dry cow-dung, and in the spring. All his specimens

having been taken in October except the last, the fifth, which he

had just discovered (20th June) below the North Adelaide Hills

under cow-dung as before, he was much surprised to discover

it at this time in the middle of the present winter, the severest

and wettest they had yet had. It was softer, and the elytra more

pliable than the others were, perhaps from the dampness of its

retreat or its late assumption of the imago state. All the species

of this family appear to be very small. He had not seen the

account of the others described by Mr. Westwood, but of those

figured in the Transactions, the Australian one seems to be the

largest. He had found there one other species of this singular

family, much more rare, as only two had been discovered; the

first by a friend about September last (1845), and the other

he discovered in the following month under decayed and damp

weeds on the ground, It is precisely of the same figure and

colour as the other species, but cannot be the same, unless it is of

a different sex, and the sexes, as in some other insects, are extrava-

gantly disproportionate. It is about 8 lines long, the other being

5 lines. If the other Pausside known are no bigger than those

in the Transactions this species must stand at the head of them

with regard to size, and might be named, if not before known,

Cerapterus major or maximus. The other specimen of this fine

insect he had lately purchased. Of the smaller kind he gave one

to Mr. Fortnum when he left the colony for England, who said

he should give it to Mr. Hope.

Extracts from a letter received by Mr. Spence from Mr,

Thwaites, stating that he had been informed by Mr. Broome,

M. E. S., that the trufle hunters in the neighbourhood of Salis-

bury assure him that the beetles which feed on the truffle (Lezodes,

sp.) emit a phosphorescent light like a glow-worm. Mr. Thwaites

had however suggested that the light was produced by a species

of Scolopendra, which always occurs where truffles abound. Mr.

Newport stated that the luminosity of the Scolopendra electrica

only occurs in the autumn during pairing time.

x PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Mr. Spence read some observations upon the popular notion

that cold winters are effective in destroying insects, the accuracy

of which he had long doubted. In the spring of 1814, when a

continued severe frost of nearly three months froze over the

Thames so as to allow an ox to be roasted on the ice, one of the

first things which he observed was a numerous collection of the

caterpillars of the gooseberry-moth (Abraxas grossulariata), under

the rim of a large flower-pot in his garden at Drypool near Hull,

which had been exposed out of doors to the full severity of the

cold, all perfectly alive and active, a fact which he thought worth

communicating to the Horticultural Society through a letter to

Sir Joseph Banks. ‘This opinion, as to the little injury done to

insects by mere cold, he perceived was also entertained by the

Rev. Leonard Jenyns, in his very valuable and interesting ‘‘ Ob-

servations in Natural History ;” that writer thinking it likely that

mild winters are generally more fatal to them, as being usually

attended by much rain, which finds its way into their most retired

hybernacula and drowns them in large numbers. Mr. Jenyns

concludes his remarks on this head by suggesting that “ it would

be worth inquiring whether collectors of insects find their harvest

in summer depending at all upon the character of the preceding

winter, or at least upon its having been wet or dry.”—p. 226. It

is to this suggestion that Mr. Spence begged to draw the attention

of the members, as the late severe winter afforded so good an

opportunity of testing the accuracy of the popular notion, and he

trusted that the members of the Society would observe when col-

lecting whether insects were less numerous next summer than

usual, and would communicate the result to the Society, one of the

most important objects of which is to collect and publish facts that

may refute or confirm prevalent opinions like that in question. In

a subsequent part of his work Mr. Jenyns remarks (p. 229—231)

that he never remembers such a dearth of insects, even of the

commonest species (except the cabbage butterfly), as in the

summer of 1845. It is well worth investigating, by reference to

meteorological tables, whether this dearth was owing to the wet or

cold of the preceding winter, or, as Mr. Jenyns seems inclined

to believe, to the wet, cold, and cloudy summer itself. Mr.

Stephens observed, in confirmation of these opinions, that he had

noticed that hard dry winters were generally followed by great

quantities of insects in the following season, Mr. Saunders also

stated that he had found the larva of a species of Noctua, feeding

unhurt and at large on Rumex acetosella, the day after the late

frost broke up. Mr. Ingpen had also found that of Arctia caja

‘

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Xl

immediately after the frost. Messrs. Douglas and Weir alluded

to the abundance of Lepidopterous larve and the scarcity of

Hymenoptera during the past year. And Mr, Newport stated

that some insects which are maintained at an uniform high tempe-

rature do not undergo the changes at the usual time, as he had

observed that larvee of Anthophora retusa, when brought indoors

in October, did not undergo their transformations to pupee till

the following July, several months after the ordinary time of their

appearance.

3d May, 1847.

A. Ingpen, Esq., V.P., in the Chair.

Donations.

Annales des Sciences Physiques de la Soc. Roy. de Lyons.

Tom. 8. Presented by that Society.

Entomologische Zeitung of the Entomol. Verein of Stettin.

Vol. 7, for 1846. By that Society.

The London Geological Journal, No. 2, by E. Charlesworth,

Esq., the Editor.

An Essay on the Wheat Fly of North America by Dr. Asa

Fitch. By the Author.

Agricultural Magazine for April, 1847. By the Editor.

Annals of the Lyceum of Nat. Hist. of New York. Vol. 4,

Nos. 6 and 7. By Major Leconte.

Notice of James Crowther, a humble Botanist and Entomolo-

gist, from Chambers’s Journal. By W. Spence, Esq.

Description of Broscosoma, a new Genus of Carabide, by M.

Putzeys of Brussels, 8vo., 1846. By the Author.

A set of Engravings illustrative of the Cultivation and Pre-

paration of Silk by the Chinese. By the Rev. F. W. Hope.

Specimen of a gum-like substance found in Ant’s nests in

Poland. By Miss Loudon.

C. D. E. Fortnum, Esq., was ballotted for and elected an

Ordinary Member of the Society, and M. Gray of St. Peters-

burgh was elected a Corresponding Member.

Exursitions, Memotrs, &c.

Mr. F. Bond stated that he had captured a very fine specimen

of Vanessa Antiopa at Kingsbury on the 10th April, hovering

over nettles.

Mr. Douglas exhibited specimens illustrating the natural history

X11 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

of Taleporia cembrella and Incurvaria masculella. ‘The pupa

case of the former had been found on a wooden fence at Penge,

and the moth appeared in April.

Mr. F. Smith exhibited a drone and queen of the hive bee,

which had been captured in copula on the ground about two yards

in front of the hive by a friend. The female was very pale in

colour, evidently from having only recently arrived at the perfect

state, and the abdomen was not larger than that of an ordinary

worker, in consequence of the ova not having been yet developed.

Mr. Newport stated that he had found a drone near a hive

wanting the male organs, which had doubtless resulted from an

act of copulation with a queen, and Huber had noticed the same

fact.

Mr. Edward Doubleday communicated the discovery which he

had recently made in a species of Syntomide, allied to Glaucopis,

but with transparent wings (Lemocharis ?) of a structure analo-

gous to the drum of the Cicade, which he did not think had as

yet been noticed in any Lepidopterous insect.

Mr. Spence communicated some extracts and observations on

the honey bees in Brazil, and on an insect which is injurious to

the cotton crops in North America; his chief object in so doing

being to recommend to the members in like manner to note and

bring before the Society any new fact relating to insects met with in

the course of their reading and which may lead to interesting and

useful discussion, at the same time that the information stumbled on

by one member becomes available to all, and that hints for future

important inquiries may be thus suggested. Mr. Gardner, F.L.S.,

Superintendent of the Royal Botanic Garden in Ceylon, in his inte-

resting Travels in Brazil lately published, after stating that on a

part of their route from Parnagua to Natividade he was presented

at almost every house where he stopped with honey, the produce

of one of the smaller bees, mostly of Illiger’s genus Melipone, so

numerous in this part of Brazil, proceeds to give a list of their

native names, with a few observations, as follows :—1. Jataky. This

is a very minute yellowish coloured species, being scarcely two

lines long. The honey, which is excellent, very much resembles

that of the common hive-bee of Europe. 2. Mulher branco.

About the same size as the Jataky, but of a whitish colour; the

honey is likewise good, but a little acid. 3. Tubi. A little black

bee, smaller than a common house-fly ; the honey is good, but has

a peculiar and bitter flavour. 4. Manoel d’ Abreu. About the size

of the Tubi, but of a yellowish colour; its honey is good. 5.

Atakira. Black, and nearly of the same size of the Tub?, the

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. X11

principal distinction between them consisting in the kind of

entrance to their hives; the 7'ub? makes it of wax, the Alakira of

clay ; its honey is very good. 6. Oariti, Of a blackish colour,

and about the same size as the Tub? ; its honey is rather sour and

not good. 7. Tatatra. About the size of the Tub?, but with a

yellow body and a black head; its honey is excellent. 8. Mum-

buco. Black, and larger than the Twubi; the honey after being

kept about an hour becomes as sour as lemon juice. 9. Bejut.

Very like the Jub but smaller; its honey is excellent. 10.

Tiuba. Of the size of a large house-fly, and of a greyish black

colour; its honey is excellent. 11. Bord. About the size of a

house-fly, and of a yellowish colour; its honey is acid. 12.

Urusst. About the size of a large humble-bee; the head is black

and the body yellowish; it produces good honey. 13. Urusst

preto. Entirely black, and upwards of one inch in length; it like-

wise produces good honey. 14. Canidra. Black, and about the

same size as the Uruss& preto; its honey is too bitter to be eat-

able; it is said to be a great thief of the honey of other bees.

15. Chupé. About the size of the Ziubdé, and of a black colour,

it makes its hive of clay on the branches of trees, and is often of

a very large size; its honey is good. 16. Urapud. Very like the

Chupé, but it always builds its hive rounder, flatter, and smaller.

17. Enchi. This is a kind of wasp, about the size of a house-fly ;

its head is black and the body yellow; it builds its hive in the

branches of trees; this is of a papery tissue and about three feet

in circumference; its honey is good. 18. Enchd pequeno. Very

similar to the last, but it always makes a smaller hive; it also pro-

duces good honey. ‘ The first eleven of these honey-bees con-

struct their cells in the hollow trunks of trees, and the others

either in similar situations or beneath the ground; it is only the

three last kinds which sting, all the others being harmless, The

only attempt I ever saw to domesticate any of these bees was by

a Cornish miner in the gold district, who cut off those portions of

the trunks of the trees which contained the nests and hung them

up under the eaves of his house; they seemed to thrive very well,

but whenever the honey was wanted it was necessary to destroy

the bees. Both the Indians and the other inhabitants of the

country are very expert in tracing these insects to the trees in

which they hive; they generally mix the honey, which is very

fluid, with farinha [flour ?] before they eat it, and of the wax they

make a coarse kind of taper about a yard long, which serves in

lieu of candles, and which the country people bring to the villages

for sale. We found these very convenient, and always carried a

VOL, Vs ¢

XIV PROCEEDINGS OF THE

sufficient stock with us; not unfrequently we were obliged to

manufacture them ourselves from the wax obtained by my own

men: a coarse soft kind of cotton yarn for wicks was always to

be purchased at the different fazendas and villages through which

we passed.” —p. 329. In connexion with this subject one or two

suggestions present themselves; one, that probably the larger and

wasp-like bees described towards the end, though storing up honey,

do not belong to the genus Melipone, Uliger; and another, that it

would be a valuable contribution to Entomology, if some member

of the Society, taking Mr. Gardner’s paper as the groundwork,

would draw up from other sources a more complete enumeration

of the honey-storing bees of Brazil, distinguishing as far as

possible their proper genera and species, and giving such facts as

are known regarding their habits. As another instance of the

kind of communication above referred to, Mr. Spence further

mentioned that it had been lately stated in the American papers

that the cotton plantations have been attacked by an insect which

threatens materially to affect the produce of the crop. Now it is

obviously highly desirable that it should be known in this country,

which is so intimately connected with the cotton-growing states

of the union, what this insect is. Very probably Mr. Doubleday

could inform us, and in that case members like himself, ignorant

of this fact, would by the merely bringing this newspaper report

before the Society acquire an addition to their stock of knowledge ;

and if it should turn out that no one here knows to what order and

genus the insect alluded to belongs, it may be worth consideration

whether our Society should not correspond with some American

one in order to obtain the desired information.

A notice was read from W. W. Saunders, Esq., (unaccompanied

however by sufficient details,) relative to the sudden appearance of

great numbers of small caterpillars on pear and other trees during

the prevalence of a gloomy black fog at Upper Clapton. Mr.

Westwood stated that in Normandy the peasants entertain the

vulgar opinion that the cold fog from the north-east (which they

term the “ vent roux”) bears the eggs of young larva of Ypono-

meuta cognatella, which does so much injury to apple trees.

Mr. Weir mentioned, with reference to the effect of weather on

the appearance of insects, that there were but very few Lepidop-

terous larvee during the present season.

Mr. Douglas and Col, Hearsey made some observations cor-

roborative of the editorial remarks appended to the Biographical

notice of James Crowther, relative to the advantage to be derived

from making natural history a branch of popular education.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XV

7th June, 1847.

W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.

DonATIONS.

A very highly magnified engraved figure of the proboscis of

Musca vomitoria. Presented by Mr. Topping.

Specimens of the Cochineal insect from Madeira. By Mr.

Westwood.

The Agricultural Gazette for May. By the Editor.

Specimens of Lophyrus Pini, with a drawing of the caterpillar,

several of which were captured on the Harold Hills near Everton,

Notts, at the middle of July, 1846, creeping up the trunks of

some fir trees, upon the leaves of which they feed voraciously,

having a strong resinous smell. They formed cocoons on the

21st and 22nd of July, and the insects appeared at the end of

May, 1847. The caterpillar nearly resembles Hartig’s figure of

the larva of Z. Pini, given in his Tab. IV. fig. 1. Presented by

Mr. Evans.

Robert Davis, Esq., of Pimlico, was balloted for and elected a

Member of the Society.

Exuisitions, Memoirs, &c.

Mr, 8. Stevens exhibited a beautiful specimen of Deilephila

celerio, captured at Leicester; and also of the larva, pupa and

imago of Mamestra nigricans, found on the banks of the Thames

below Gravesend.

Captain Parry exhibited a box of Coleoptera from the west coast

of tropical Africa, containing both sexes of Taurhina nireus and

many other rare species.

Mr. Westwood exhibited a number of very interesting Coleoptera

from Ceylon, being part of the collection of R. Templeton, Esq.,

including a new species of T'rictenotoma, &c. &c. He also ex-

hibited from Colonel Hearsey’s Collection many new and interest-

ing Indian insects, including a new species of Saturnia, Parnassius

Jacquemontii ? &e. &e.

Mr. Westwood also exhibited some potatoe plants, the under-

ground stem of which was attacked by the prevalent disease,

from his own garden at Hammersmith, none of which were in-

fested with Aphides ; the original set being entire and quite sound

as well as the leaves, which would of course be the parts first

attacked were the disease produced by the attacks of Aphides.

XVI PROCEEDINGS OF THE

He also exhibited some specimens of a minute species of Podu-

ride, remarkable for not possessing the power of leaping. Like-

wise specimens of apple bloom destroyed by the larva of the

apple weevil Balaninus pomorum, the pupa of which still remained

within the dead bloom.

Also specimens illustrative of the natural history of a minute

species of Cecidomyia, which burrows into the twigs of willows,

destroying them for practical purposes. Also specimens of a

minute parasitic Platygaster by which they are attacked, and a

drawing by Mr. Ingpen of the singular scales with which their limbs

are entirely covered; by whom also it was stated that the willows

are occasionally attacked by a species of Cecidomyia which produces

large woody galls: and that the original potatoes imported from

Peru had been found to be as liable to the prevailing disease as

the common sorts.

Mr. Westwood also exhibited living specimens of the larva and

pupa of the rare Ctenophora atrata, accompanied by the reading

of a letter from Mr. Weaver, by whom they had been discovered

at Kinlock Rannock, in Perthshire, and by whom also several

specimens of Lamia edilis had been captured.

A description of Cheirotonus Parrii by J. E. Gray, Esq., was

read.

Mr. Spence communicated some observations on Chelura

terebrans, a small crustaceous animal which attacks the wood of

submarine erections, as described in the last number of the Annals

of Natural History, and suggested whether it may not be a dis-

tinct species; likewise on some particulars stated by Sir J. Rennie.

He also communicated an extract from the London Medical

Gazette, No. 108, N. S., p. 904, in which it was stated by Mr. E.

Stanley, M.R.C.V.S., that the larva of Helophilus pendulus had

been found lying upon the spinal sheath of a cart horse, which

appeared to have injured its spine, attended with partial paralysis

and occasionally with acute pain; subsequent to which the horse

had been seized with violent trembling of the limbs, profuse

perspiration, and other acute symptoms, which had produced its

death, when the spinal sheath was found to be inflamed with ex-

travasation of blood about the lumbar and posterior portion of the

dorsal region from twelve to eighteen inches in length, accom-

panied by one of the above mentioned larve.

Colonel Hearsey stated that he had heard of insects having

been taken from the spinal marrow of horses in India by Mr.

Morecraft, and which had previously produced paralysis in the

hind limbs,

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XVil

5th July, 1847.

W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.

DoNnaATIONS.

The Agricultural Magazine for May. Presented by the Editor.

The London Geological Journal, No. ii. By Edw. Charles-

worth, Esq., the Editor thereof.

Specimen Anatomico-physiologicum de Systemate Uropoietico,

auctore G. Ph. Groshans. Lugd, Batav. 1847. By the

Editor.

John Charles Bowring, Esq., of Hong Kong, and

Lewis B. Bowring, Esq., of Bancoorah, near Burdwar, in

Bengal, were elected Corresponding Members of the Society.

Exursitions, Memoirs, &c.

Mr. White, on behalf of Mr. Foxcroft, exhibited specimens of

Argyrolepia eneana, recently captured at Wormwood Scrubs in

considerable numbers, the habitat of which had been subsequently

destroyed by a dealer in order to enhance the value of his

specimens.

Mr. EF. Bond exhibited specimens of Psyche fusca in its different

states.

Mr. Westwood exhibited a specimen of A geria apiformis

recently disclosed from the chrysalis, the wings of which were

considerably imbricated with fine black scales. It had been

reared with others in an abele tree in Oxfordshire. Mr. Douglas

stated that this fact had been noticed in the Entomological Maga-

zine by Mr. Henry Doubleday.

Mr. Westwood also exhibited specimens of Helophorus fennicus,

which had been observed eating off the leaves of young turnips

during the night, but only in certain parts of a field where different

kinds of manures (spread in rows) crossed each other. (See

Gardeners’ Chronicle, 1847, p. 442.) So strictly had they pre-

served this peculiarity that they ate across more than 100 rows,

and stopped at the very row where the manures were changed.

Messrs. Spence and Stephens stated that these insects generally

feed on water plants: Mr. Waterhouse had generally found them

on land, rarely in water; Mr. Edward Doubleday had found

H, tuberculatus feeding on decayed turnips; Dr. Schaum had

VOL. V. d

Xvill PROCEEDINGS OF THE

found it eating decayed fish, and Mr. Ingpen had taken it both on

the sea shore and inland.

Mr. Westwood exhibited specimens and drawings of a minute

but very remarkable Hymenopterous parasite belonging to the

family Chalcidide, reared by the late M. Victor Audouin in the

nests of mason bees, near Paris, in which the antennz of the

males are singularly distorted, and the wings almost rudimental ;

thus offering a strikingly opposite analogy to other bee parasites,

such as Stylops, Meloe, and Sitaris. Myr. Westwood proposed for

this insect the name of Melittobia Audouini.

A paper by Mr. F. Smith on the habits of Zrypoaylon and

various other fossorial Hymenoptera was read. He also exhibited

various rare British Coleoptera recently captured.

Professor van der Hoeven (who was present as a visitor) ex-

hibited the larva of an @strus, which had been extracted from

the body of a female patient. Professor Essmark stated that an

analogous case had been communicated to the meeting of Natu-

ralists in Christiania in 1845; and Mr. Edward Doubleday gave

some particulars of two cases which had happened to himself

whilst in North America. He had heard of several similar cases,

amongst which was a child which had had three taken from its

neck. Mr. Newport remarked on the case which he had described

in the ‘Transactions with reference to the question as to there

being a distinct Gistrus hominis.

Mr. Westwood exhibited specimens of Phytocoris pabulinus, a

Cimicideous insect, which had been sent to him by various corre-

spondents as the real cause of the potatoe disease. He had him-

self also observed it, as well as another closely allied species, on

potatoes at Hammersmith, but in such small numbers as to be

incapable of doing any material mischief to the plant. He also

read an extract from the Bristol Journal, in which an article had

appeared by Mr. Biggs, who described the disease as produced

by the attacks of insects, which, from the description, appeared to

be identical with Phytocoris pabulinus.* The operations of Aphides

on the hop had been cited by this and other writers as a proof of

the destructive powers of these insects; but even in the worst

cases the vitality of the hop plant was never destroyed as in the

potatoe. He also stated, on the authority of Mr. J. E. Gray,

that three distinct species of Aphis had been obtained from Mr.

Topping, the referee of Mr. A. Smee, as the real Aphis vastator

of the latter. Mr. E. Doubleday confirmed this statement, and

* P.S. The insect proves to be a species of Podura.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XIX

observed that 4phides could with difficulty be found upon the

potatoes in Essex. Four different species of insects had been

brought to him as the cause of the disease ; namely, the turnip-flea

beetle, the larva of Coccinella, a species of Meligethes, and another

insect which was too much injured for identification. He had

also observed that two plum-trees, which had last year been de-

foliated by Aphides, had this year produced an abundant crop.

He also stated that in the “ Illustrated London News” of the pre-

ceding week an apple leaf, evidently partly eaten by the larvee of

Yponomeuta padella, had been figured as an illustration of the

attacks of Aphides.

Professor Milne Edwards, who was present, stated that the

assertion of Mr. Smee wanted novelty. It had been at first

entertained in France, but the error of such a notion was now ac-

knowledged.

Mr. Hobbs exhibited some potatoe plants on which he had ex-

perimented, and stated that by enclosing one within a gauze cover,

together with a number of the Phytocoris, they had destroyed it,

whilst another plant, treated in the same manner, but powdered

with lime, had escaped their attacks and had grown considerably.

Mr. Waterhouse stated that this insect was very common upon

different plants, and that they could not therefore be considered

as the cause of a disease confined to the potatoe. Mr. Doubleday

also remarked, that before the assertion that this Phytocoris is the

cause of the disease could be admitted, it must be shown that the

insect has occurred in great profusion throughout all the parts of

the world where the disease has appeared. Mr. Spence stated

that the supporters of the insectal theory of the disease had failed

to show that these insects ever produced gangrene on the plants,

and Mr. J. F'. Stephens mentioned that Mr. Smee’s knowledge of

the Aphis vastator was not earlier than last year, when he brought

two specimens to Mr. Stephens in order to obtain their names.

Mr. Spence read a note from Mr. Gulliver, communicating some

observations made by Dr. Davy on the attacks of a species of

Coccus upon the sugar canes in the West Indies. Specimens of

the insect, together with one of Delphax saccharivora, Westw.,

were exhibited. Professor Milne Edwards observed, that hot

water had been found to be a valuable remedy against the insects

which attack the vine, by destroying the eggs and larve; he was

doubtful, however, whether it might not be injurious if applied to

the sugar cane.

XX PROCEEDINGS OF THE

2nd August, 1847.

W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.

Donations.

The Agricultural Magazine for June. Presented by the Editor.

Monograph of the Species of Pasimachus inhabiting the United

States, by Major Le Conte, in two parts. Presented by the

Author.

Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. Vol vin.

parti. By that Society.

Exursitions, Memoirs, &c.

Mr. F. Bond exhibited specimens of Leucania Helmanni, Badv.,

and of Nonagria neurica, Hibn., both new to this country, from

Yaxley Fen, taken by means of sugar daubed on trees: also

specimens of Graphiphora subrosea, bred from the caterpillar.

Messrs. J. F. Stephens and Ingall exhibited specimens of

Lachnus querctts, a singular Aphideous insect, new to thi; country,

found in crevices of bark of oak-trees near Dulwich, thrusting its

long proboscis nearly up to the base into the wood of the tree, so

that it cannot be withdrawn without great difficulty and fear of

injuring the insects, in which case the ants immediately rush to

suck up the fluids discharged by the Lachnus.

Mr. Douglas exhibited a new species of Cochylis, also Spilonota

feenella, Pseudotomia artemisie, Pterophorus calodactylus, &c.,

from Charlton sand pit.

Mr. Westwood exhibited a new species of Charazes from India,

unique in the collection of Captain Boys, allied to Ch. Eudamippus.

Mr. Wing exhibited a specimen of the larva of Gortyna flavago,

found burrowing into the stems of potatoes.

Mr. Spence communicated a paragraph from a local newspaper

describing the destruction of the foliage of the oaks near Hud-

dersfield by the larva of Tortrix viridana, therein described as the

Aphis quercés ; affording another instance of the want of a know-

ledge of the commonest facts in Zoology among persons whose

position in society required their cognizance of such matters, and

the consequent necessity of making Zoology a branch of popular

education.

Mr. Edward Doubleday complained of a personal misrepre-

sentation which had been made of some of his observations at the

last meeting of the Society, concerning the potatoe disease, in the

“ Tlustrated London News.”

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Xxl

Mr. Wing exhibited specimens of a species of Yponomeuta,

which feeds on apple trees, long confounded with Y. padella, but

which, being distinct, especially in the caterpillar state, it was

proposed to name Y. malivorella.

Messrs. Westwood and Ingpen exhibited specimens of Aphis

Fabe, which had swarmed to an astonishing extent in various

parts of the west of England from the 14th to the 21st July; Mr,

Westwood reading extracts from various communications which he

had received on the subject, by which it appeared that their flights

were accompanied in some places by a heavy and highly electrical

state of the atmosphere ; and that although they had attacked a

great variety of plants, none of them had been found upon the

potatoe. Mr. Westwood also read some notes on the state of the

atmosphere from the 4th to the 17th July, whence he was led to

consider that it was owing to the sudden increase of heat, to not

less than eighteen degrees above the usual average at that time,

that the Aphides had prematurely acquired wings, whilst the elec-

trical state of the atmosphere had caused them to swarm to the

great extent which had been observed.

Messrs. Doubleday and Schaum made some remarks, doubting

whether the increased heat of the period had led to the develop-

ment of wings; and suggesting that the case in question was

rather an early production of the winged state of the species,

which did not ordinarily occur till the autumn; the former gen-

tleman observed that he had noticed winged Aphides as early as

May.

Mr. Ingpen stated, that each female specimen of Aphis vastator

produces ten young ones; and Col. Hearsey suggested how easily

these small families might be destroyed by hand in the early part

of the summer, thereby preventing the damage caused by the suc-

cessive generations,

Mr. Spence read an extract from the Gardeners’ Chronicle,

July 25, 1847, containing a notice by Mr. Williams, of Pitmaston,

on the recent swarms of the black Aphis of the bean, as well

as extracts from White’s Natural History of “elborne, and other

works ; whence he was led to remark on the want of our know-

ledge as to many of the facts concerning different species of

Aphides, the general statements which had been made respecting

them being inapplicable to each species. He thought it advisable

that a report should be drawn up detailing the positive facts

known respecting these insects.

Some Notes on the capture of Pausside@, at the Cape of Good

Hope, by H. Benson, Esq. ; and

XXII PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Descriptions of some new species of Charaxes, by J. O. West-

wood, were read; and a vote of thanks to the Rev. F. W. Hope

was passed, for his donation of the plates illustrating the latter

memoir.

Gth September, 1847.

W. Spence, Esq., President, F.R.S., in the Chair.

Donations.

Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, for

1846, parts 3 & 4; and 1847, part 1; also

Jubileum Semisecularem Doctoris Medicine et Philosophize

Gotthelf Fischer de Waldheim, &c.

Séance Extraordinaire de la Soc. Imp. d. Natural. de Moscou,

22d February, 1847. All presented by the Imperial Society of

Naturalists of Moscow.

Memoir on the Hessian Fly, from the Transactions of the New

York State Agricultural Society. Vol. 6. By Dr. Asa Fitch.

Memoir on the Winter Insects of New York. By the same.

Presented by the Author.

Journal of the Natural History Society of Boston. Vol. 5,

No. 3; and

Proceedings of the same Society. Nos. 10—14. Presented

by that Society.

Abhandlungen der Mathemat. Physikal. Classe der Konigl.

Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Viert. Band. 3 Abth.

Bulletin of the same Society for 1846, 1—77 ;

Almanach of the same Society for 1847 ;

Die Ueberbleibsel der Altaegypschen Menschenrace. All pre-

sented by the Royal Academy of Bavaria.

Specimen of the leather-like material formed by insects over

Indian maize, when laid up in store in Mexico. Presented by

W.F. Evans, Esq. The insect was stated by Percy Doyle, Esq.

by whom the production in question was brought to this country,

to be about the size of an ant, and black. The coating is at first

very thin, but it is spun over by degrees till it becomes of the

thickness of stout leather. Some of the insects ate their way out

of a mahogany box in which they were placed.

Col. J. B. Hearsey, and Dr. H. Schaum, Secretary of the En-

tomological Society of Stettin, were ballotted for, and elected

ordinary members of the Society.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXiil

Exursitions, Memorrs, &c.

Mr. Edward Doubleday exhibited some singular galls from

China, of which a cargo had been recently imported as an article

of commerce, each of which was about the size of a small egg, and

hollow, and contained a great number of very minute wingless

Homopterous insects.

Mr. Evans exhibited a variety of insects from Hong Kong.

Mr. 8. Stevens exhibited a number of specimens of Catocala

sponsa and promissa, taken by sugar this summer in the New

Forest; also Pamphila Acteon, from the burning cliff, Weymouth ;

Margaritia asinalis ; Spilonota amcenena (a new species); Car-

pocapsa pupillana, &c. from the Isle of Portland and the Chisel

bank ; Masoreus luxatus, and other Coleoptera; also Acidaha pal-

lidaria, Catoptria citrina, and a species of Pancalia, (three Lepi-

doptera new to this country,) taken at Southend; also the following

rare Coleoptera from the latter locality, Dolichosoma linearis, Ectinus

aterrimus, Aphanistichus pusillus, Thyamis 4-pustulata, &c.; also

a Gynandromorphous specimen of Colias Edusa, and a specimen

of Xylophasia Polyodon, found impaled on a thorn.

Mr. A. White called the attention of the meeting to the re-

markable locust Petasida Ephippigera, described by him in Eyre’s

Journal of Discovery in Central Australia (vol. i. p. 432, t. 4, f. 1),

which was also figured in Dr. Leichardt’s recently published Journal

in Australia. He also corrected the synonymy of Saperda villosa

from New Zealand, which had been figured in the Fauna of New

Zealand, published in the Zoology of the Voyage of H.M. ships

Erebus and Terror, under the name of Hemona humilis. He also

exhibited some other insects from New Zealand, collected by Mr.

Colenso, two or three of which were not contained in the work

above mentioned. He also stated that the Hymenoptera, Diptera

and Hemiptera were very European in their appearance. He

also made some observations on the habits and history of spiders,

especially Actinopus edificatorius and Cteniza nidulans, one of the

nests of which, brought from Jamaica by Mr, Gosse, exhibited the

additional trap-door.

Mr. Ingall exhibited a twig of poplar covered by the swollen

skins of Ichneumonized Aphides, together with specimens of the

parasites.

Mr. Spence exhibited a new species of Nemoptera from New

Holland, for which he proposed the name N. Huttii, in compli-

ment to Governor Hutt, from whom it had been received; likewise

specimens of the larvee of Agrotus segetum, which had proved very

destructive this year to the turnip crops.

XXIV PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Mr. Ingpen exhibited a locust taken in Hyde Park, and a spe-

cimen of Papilio machaon, reared from a dark-striped Chrysalis ;

Mr. Marshall observed that the sexes of this butterfly differed in

the colour of the chrysalis.

A note was also read from John Hogg, Esq. F.L.S., relative to

the capture of several living locusts at Scarborough, on the 21st

August, and the discovery of several others lying dead on the

coast, being probably part of a swarm of those insects driven upon

our coast from the Continent by the south-east wind which then

prevailed ; and Mr. Spence mentioned the occurrence of a great

swarm of locusts in Moldavia on the 25th August, brought by the

east wind from Bessarabia.

M. W. Thomson, jun., exhibited specimens of Porrectaria lari-

cella, a species new to Britain, captured in July in the neigh-

bourhood of Herne Hill, on fences; also specimens of Actinopus

edificatorius, recently received alive from Barbary, upon which he

had instituted various experiments with reference to the construc-

tion of the valves, and the long duration of the insects deprived of

food.

A Letter on the Habits of Aphides, by ¥. Walker, Esq. addressed

to Mr. Spence, was read ; also

A Translation from Ratzeburg’s Forstinsecten, vol. ii., on the

Economy of the Aphide, communicated by Dr. Schaum; and

A Note by Mr. Alfred Smee, on a new locality for Lachnus

quercis, namely, on the first oak-tree in the lane leading from the

Chingford and Waltham road to High Beech, on the right hand

side of the way leading to High Beech.

Col. Hearsey noticed that some Indian species of plants reared

by him in frames in England, from Indian seeds, were as much

infested with Aphides as indigenous plants.

A Monograph on the British species of the Neuropterous genus

Chrysopa, by Mr. W. F. Evans, was also read, accompanied by

two plates, presented by the author.

Some notes were read by Mr. Westwood on the atmospherical

peculiarities observed during the occurrence of the swarms of

Coccinellide on the 12th and 15th August last, and on a swarm

of Harpalide, observed on the evening of the 12th, near Dover,

whence it appeared that the barometer bad undergone a gradual

rise from the 6th till the 14th of that month; and that on the

11th and 12th the thermometer suddenly rose nearly 15 degrees,

the 12th being very sultry.

Mr. Westwood also exhibited the larva of Drilus flavescens ;

the flower of a pelargonium cut by a Megachile; also three

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXV

Hymenopterous parasites, belonging to the genera Pteromalus and

Megaspilus, found hovering over wheat infested by the larvee of

the Wheat Midge; also a singular species of Saturnia from Cen-

tral America, remarkable for the very large size of the talc-like

spots of its wings, from the Collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope.

A Note upon Flights of Aphides, addressed to W. Spence, Esq.

by G. H. K. Thwaites, Esq. dated Bristol, August 14, 1847, was

read as follows:

“ The Aphides did not visit our garden, but were rather nu-

merous in some gardens very near to us, where they appeared to

do little harm, and soon died, as I am informed. From the

migrations being synchronous, or nearly so, in every part of the

country, there seems reason to believe that it is an instinctive

movement on the part of the insect, quite independent of atmo-

spheric conditions, or failure of the supply of food, and that it

probably takes place every year, but the swams are not suffi-

ciently large to attract observation. ‘The Rev. W. Clifford, the

clergyman of our parish, told me several months ago that he was

standing with Mrs. Clifford at the garden door, and noticed a

peculiar kind of cloud approaching, which struck him as so re-

markable, that he said to her, ‘ I think we had better go in and

shut the doors and windows, for I think that cloud is a blight in

the air.’ He did so, and after the cloud had passed over, he

found the plants in the garden covered with amazing numbers of

‘ blight’ (4phides), which, I think, he told me were green.” *

Mr. Douglas exhibited a specimen of Graphiphora depuncta,

captured by Mr. Hodgkinson of Carlisle, and stated that Pola

lichenia, a species new to this country, had been captured in the

New Forest by Mrs. Vines.

* Tn a subsequent communication, dated September 20, 1847, Mr. Thwaites

inclosed a note from the Rev. Mr. Wayne, rector of Much Wenlock, Shropshire,

to whom he had written on the subject, from which the following is an extract.

“The black Aphis arrived in this neighbourhood about six weeks since as I

guess, that is, about the middle of July, settling chiefly on the asparagus, French

bean, turnip, onion, and (if it were the same) on the common broad bean, to its

total destruction—at least of the flower and pod. The common groundsel also

was covered, They came suddenly and died suddenly, remaining attached to the

plants as if alive. You ask, ‘ Were they seen approaching and whence?’ On

this point one of my neighbours told me, that standing by his house one or two

evenings just towards sun-set, he saw the Aphides coming like a swarm of locusts

from the west, and ‘ knitling’t on all the plants of the garden, He described the

western sky as full of them,”

[+ Query, nitting, i.e. ovipositing. ]

VOL. V. (=)

XXVI PROCEEDINGS OF THE

4th October, 1847.

W. Yarrell, Esq. F.Z.S. &c., Vice-President, in the Chair.

Donations.

Dei Vantaggi che l’Agricoltura puo recevare dallo Studio dell’

Entomologia. Presented by Signor C. Passerini, Hon. M.E.S.,

the author thereof.

Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Nos. 167—177;

Report and Lists of the Members of the same Society for 1847.

Presented by that Society.

Report of the Dublin University Museum. Presented by the

Committee,

A portrait of the Dipterologist, J. W. Meigen. Presented by

M. Foerster, of Aix-la-Chapelle.

A specimen of Sirea gigas ¢, takenat Dorking. Presented by

Mr. Moore, jun,

Exuisitions, Memoirs, &c.

Mr. Samuel Stevens exhibited a living specimen of Locusta mi-

gratoria, captured at Hammersmith.

Mr. Courtney exhibited a box of British Lepidoptera, including

several rare species.

Mr. Bedell exhibited a box containing a very extensive series

of Microlepidoptera, including two new species, Microsetia trian-

gulella, found on trunks of oaks at West Wyckham Wood, in

June, 1847, and Microsetia mandella.

Mr. Westwood exhibited specimens of drawings of some new

exotic Cetoniide, from the collections of Colonel Hearsey, Cap-

tain Boys, and Mr. Benson; also some Lepidoptera, from Cape

Palmas, including a new species of Saturnia, and a new allied

genus.

Mr. F. Bond exhibited two specimens of Locusta migratoria,

taken at Duxford, and near York, in August and September ; also

a specimen of Buprestis (Ancylocheira) mauritanica, Lucas, Voy.

d’Algerie, taken alive on an oak post, in Plaistow Marshes, on the

9th September last.

Mr. A. White read some extracts from notes on the habits of

exotic spiders, observed by Mr. Arthur Adams, intended for pub-

lication in the Appendix of Belcher’s Voyage.

Mr. Westwood read the description of Nemoptera Hutti, from

Western Australia.

“ Tt is very difficult to conceive what can be the object of the

singularly modified hind-wings in the genus Nemoptera, in some of

which they are extraordinarily elongated, and scarcely wider than

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXvil

a thread, whilst in others they are also elongated, but furnished

on each side with curious dilated membranes. In the great

French work on Egypt, Savigny has represented a species sitting

at rest, in which the hind wings are held upright over the back,

like the wings of a butterfly.

‘In Dr. Klug’s. monograph, the localities of the different

species are the South of Europe, the North, West, South and

Eastern parts of Africa, and the West of Asia. Colonel Hearsey

has, however, brought a species home from Central India, figured

in the ‘ Cabinet of Oriental Entomology,’ and we have now to

record a species from Western Australia.

“ Nemoptera Huttii. Spence’s MSS, (Plate VIII. fig. 1.)

“ N. supra nigra, subtus cum lateribus flava, nigro-varia; pe-

dibus flavis; alis anticis hyalinis, stigmate minimo fusco ;

posticis elongatis, fuscis, pone medium biextensis, incisionibus

obliquis, apice hyalino; antennis crassis, elongatis.

Oliv.; barbare, Fab.; et preesertim dilatate, Klug.

«“ Taken near a swamp on the road between Perth and Guild-

ford, in Western Australia, and communicated by Governor Hutt

to Wm. Spence, Esq. A second specimen has more recently been

obtained by the British Museum.

“ Obs.—The parts of the mouth are more exposed, and the

antennz much more incrassated than in N. Coa and its allies.”

lst November, 1847.

A. Ingpen, Esq. A.L.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.

Donations.

Nouveaux Mémoires de l’Académie Royale de Bruxelles. Vols.

19 and 20;

Annuaires de l’Académie for 1846 and 1847 ;

Bulletin de l’ Académie des Sciences de Belgique. Vol. 13, Nos.

1--12; Vol. 14, Nos. 1—6;

Mémoires des Savans Etrangéres. Vols. 20, 21, (3 parts). All

presented by the Royal Academy of Brussels.

Mantissa Secunda Curculionidum. Presented by M. C. J.

Schénherr, the Author thereof.

Exuisitions, Memoirs, &c.

Mr. Ingall exhibited specimens of the female of Lachnus

querciis, remarkable for being destitute of the long rostrum of

the male, and also the eggs of the same insect.

XXVill PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Mr. Weir exhibited specimens of a minute species of ant (Myr-

mica domestica), which infested the house of Mr, Norton, in Half

Moon Street, Piccadilly, where they swarmed in thousands.

Colonel Hearsey exhibited a specimen of the mud-nest of a

species of Odynerus from India, which had been built in the angle

of a room, and provisioned with spiders.

Mr. Weaver exhibited some rare Lritish insects captured by

himself in Perthshire during the preceding summer, including

specimens of Libellula arctica, and of Pytho depressus ; the latter

being an insect stated by Mr. Waterhouse to be common in

Sweden, but new to this country, four specimens of which had

been taken under the bark of pine trees by Mr. Weaver, from

whom a letter was read relative to the capture of these and other

insects, which he had collected for sale.

A letter was read from Mr. Spence, describing the havoc com-

mitted by Anobium tessellatum, on a beam of oak supporting the

stone-work of the vestry window of Barham Church, Suffolk,

which was completely honey-combed with holes of the size of a

small quill formed by the larvee, and precisely resembled the

end of the beams of houses at Brussels destroyed by the same

insect, which he observed in 1836, (vide Trans. Ent. Soc. vol. ii.,

Proc. p. x.), and in some of which were dead specimens of the

perfect insect, which, from some cause, had not been able to make

their way out of the wood upon assuming the perfect state.

Mr. Ingpen exhibited the larva of a Lepidopterous insect, pro-

bably that of an Agrotis, which was at that time committing great

ravages amongst the carrots about Stratford, Essex.

A letter was read from Captain Hutton, descriptive of the mode

in which Actias Selene cuts its way through the cocoon, and on

the habits of its caterpillar; also on the habits of Chezrotonus

Macleaii; and ona singularity in the wings of the genus Luploea,

forming a sort of pocket.

Mr. Doubleday observed, that the pouch described by Captain

Hutton, could not be considered as a character of the genus

Euploea.

A letter was also read from Mr. Rutter, of Black Rock, Brigh-

ton, respecting the nests of Megachile, of which he forwarded

specimens.

A memoir, containing descriptions of numerous new species of

Cetonudee, with figures of three species, and dissections, by Dr.

Schaum, was read.

Longley, Esq., was ballotted for, and elected a Member

of the Society.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXIX

6th December, 1847.

W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.

Donations.

The System of Nature. Presented by E. Newman, Esq., F'.L.S.,

the Author thereof.

Mr. W. Wing, of 44, Dorset Street, Portman Square, was elected

a Member of the Society.

Exursirions, Memorrs, &c.

Mr. J. W. G. Gutch exhibited collections of Coleoptera from

Poland and Servia.

The Rev. W. Kirby, Honorary President, sent for exhibition

specimens of the eggs of Penthaleus lapidarius, a mite found in

the crevices of stones on commons, and also a drawing of the

Penthaleus.

The President communicated a letter from the Rev. J. B. Mea-

dows, of Witnesham, near Ipswich, on the destruction of Green

Mazagan Beans by Bruchus granarius ; also on the effect of burnt

earth, as a manure, in preventing the attacks of Agrotis Segetum

on the Turnip crops.

Mr. Westwood said, that he had that evening observed the lumi-

nosity of one of the Scolopendride ; on which Mr. Newport stated,

that it was in the latter months of the year, at the period of copula-

tion, that this peculiarity is visible. Mr. Westwood also distributed

specimens of Rhizobius Helianthemi, an apterous species of the

family Aphide, infesting the tubers of the Jerusalem artichoke.

Mr. Edleston sent for exhibition some curiously coloured va-

rieties of Segetia Xanthographa, Orthosia instabilis, and Cosmia

trapetzina.

Mr. Thompson exhibited a very long thread-like animal, pos-

sibly an Entozoon.

Mr. Westwood read a paper on some new Australian species of

Mydaside.

The President read an extract from the Times newspaper on

the destruction of the cotton crops in the United States by some

unknown species of insect; whereupon a discussion ensued, in

which the importance of the subject was alluded to, especially in

regard to its influence on the prosperity of our cotton manufac-

tures, and the possibility of the insect being introduced into our

VOL. V. f

XXX PROCEEDINGS OF THE

East Indian territories with the seed of American cotton. It was

resolved to request Dr. Schaum, now in the United States, to

investigate the subject, with a view to the identification of the

insect, and the discovery of a remedy for its ravages.

3rd January, 1848.

W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.

Donations.

Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society, Vol. 8, part 2. Pre-

sented by that Society.

Transactions of the Linnean Society, Vol. 20, part 2 ;

Proceedings of the Linnean Society, Parts 30--33 ;

List of Members of the Linnean Society for 1847. All pre-

sented by that Society.

Handbuch der Entomologie, Vol. 5 ;

Genera Insectorum, Part 10;

Memoir upon Athlophorus Klugit. All presented by Dr. Her-

mann Burmeister, the Author thereof.

Conspectus Crustaceorum, Part 1. Presented by —— Dana,

Esq., the Author thereof.

Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York,

Vol. 4, parts 8 and 9. Presented by Major Lecomte.

Exuisitions, Memoirs, &c.

Mr. Westwood exhibited various larve inhabiting the Truffle,

including those of several Diptera, and also that of Leiodes cinna-

momea, of which he exhibited a drawing, with numerous anatomical

details.

Mr. F. Bond communicated a note from Mr. C. Thurnall, on a

flight of Ephemera (Palingenia) virgo, seen near Heidelberg, which,

from their numbers, had the appearance of a snow storm.

Mr. A. Ingpen exhibited a very minute Coccideous insect

covered with broad scales, probably the larva of a species of

Calypticus ; and also a highly magnified drawing thereof.

Capt. Parry read descriptions of several new species of Cole-

optera.

Mr. Westwood read descriptions of a number of new Exotic

Diptera, belonging to the family Acroceride.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXX1

7th February, 1848.

W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.

Donations.

Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 2nd Series,

Vol. 4 and Vol. 5, parts 1—3. Presented by that Society.

Linnza Entomologica, Vol. 2 ;

Entomologische Zeitung, for 1847. Both presented by the

Entomological Society of Stettin.

Entomographie de la Russie, Vol. 4. Presented by Dr.

Fischer de Waldheim, the Author thereof.

The Athenzeum for November and December, 1847. Presented

by the Editor.

On the Study of Natural History as a Branch of Education.

Presented by R. Paterson, Esq., the Author thereof.

Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, publi¢es par la

Société Royale d’Agriculture et d’Histoire Naturelle de Lyon,

Vol. 9. Presented by that Society.

Exuisitions, Memoirs, &c.

Mr. W. W. Saunders exhibited a series of Coleoptera from

Mexico, amongst which were some very beautiful and interesting

new species and generic forms. Mr. Westwood remarked, that it

would be very important to obtain correct information as to the

localities in which they had been collected, as so large a portion of

them differed both from those of the collection made in Mexico

by Mr. Coffin and those described by M. Chevrolat. Mr. Saun-

ders believed that they were chiefly from the higher regions, but

the person by whom the collection was made being dead he feared

it was not possible now to obtain the desired information. Mr.

E. Doubleday remarked, that the Lepidoptera in the collection

closely resembled those brought from the neighbourhood of Oajaca

by Mr. Hartweg, now in the British Museum.

Mr. S. Stevens exhibited a specimen of Nephopteryx angus-

tella, Zeller, a moth new to Britain, which had been taken near

Darenth Wood in September last.

Mr. A. H. Haliday read a paper in support of Dr. Erichson’s

conjecture, that the animal discovered by Mr. Hogg on the fresh

water sponge, and described by Mr. Westwood, provisionally,

under the name of Branchiotoma Spongille, may be the larva of

Hemerobius fuscatus, Fabr., for which Dr. Burmeister has insti-

tuted the genus Stsyra, After a summary of the details furnished

VOL. V. ¢g

XXXil PROCEEDINGS OF THE

by Mr. Westwood and Dr. Grube, and a notice of some points in

regard to which his observations, differing from these, showed a

yet closer agreement with the larva of the Hemerobii, the ana-

logy between the animal of the sponge and the winged Sisyra,

particularly as regards the alimentary canal and its appendages,

was contrasted with the modifications which these undergo in

Hemerobius during the course of its transformations. The analogies

in detail between the two sorts of larva chiefly relied on, were in

the number and position of the eyes, the structure and connec-

tion of the two pairs of jaws, the double outlets of the esophagus,

and the number and arrangement of the malpighian vessels. The

signal differences between this animal and the larva of Hemerobius,

and the analogy it bears to Sialis, in the presence of jointed

branchize, were considered in relation to its aquatic life and its

mode of nutrition. The frequency of the perfect insect about

the places where the animal of the Spongilla has been found, was

also adverted to in corroboration of their probable relation.

Some remarks were added upon another Neuropterous insect,

the Coniopteryx tineiformis of Curtis, maintaining the theory of

Messrs. Westwood and Wesmael, of its affinity to the Hemerobii,

against Dr. Burmeister, who has classed it with Psocus and Termes

amongst his Corrodentia, insects which pass through an incomplete

metamorphosis ; in which classification he has been followed by

Dr. Rambur.

This insect, which undergoes a metamorphosis very similar to

that of the Hemerobi, was shown also to agree with these in im-

portant characters of internal structure, although with such differ-

ences as may perhaps justify its being retained as the type of a

distinct family, the place of which cannot be far from the Heme-

robiv.

The paper was illustrated by numerous anatomical drawings,

and gave rise to a lengthened discussion.

6th March, 1848.

W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.

Donations.

Proceedings of the Royal Society, parts 59—69. Presented

by that Society.

Five hundred copies of the President's Address at the Anni-

versary Meeting of the Society. Presented by the President for

distribution amongst the Members of the Society and their friends.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, XXXill

Exursirions, Mrmorrs, &c.

Mr. White exhibited a box of insects from Hong Kong, where

they had been collected by J. C. Bowring, Esq., corresponding

member of the Society. Mr. White pointed out some new species

amongst the Cicindelide, Carabide, Chalcidide, and other groups.

Mr. Doubleday called attention to a new species of Leptocircus,

and some other Lepidoptera either new or rare.

A letter from Mr. Bowring was subsequently read, containing

much information on the habits of some of the insects contained

in the box.

Mr. Westwood exhibited a box containing above forty speci-

mens of the Dipterous family Nemestrinide, belonging to nearly

thirty species, the greater portion of them are new and from New

South Wales. They were from his own collection and those of

Messrs. Saunders and Hope.

Mr. Evans exhibited the pupa case of a small male specimen

of Diaphonia frontalis, an Australian species of the Cetoniade.

This specimen, which was found in the rotten stump of a gum

tree, was from the collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope.

Mr. Saunders exhibited some interesting insects from Port

Philip, Australia,

A letter was read from Mr. H. E. Newman, stating that he had

captured a pair of the common wasp actually in coitu, and had

preserved the specimens in that condition, and would forward

them to the Society.

A letter was read from M. F. Sachse, 30, Trinity Square,

Borough, in which that gentlemen offered to become the medium

of communication between the Entomological Society of London

and Stettin, and between the members thereof individually.

Mr. J. W. Douglas read a “ Note on a remarkable variety of

Segetia Xanthographa.”

The President read an extract from a letter addressed to

G. H. K. Thwaites, Esq., by a gentleman resident in South

Australia, relative to an insect which had destroyed the potatoes

there. The writer says, “ the fly which destroyed the potatoe

crop was a small white tree bug, with transparent wings, not half

the size of the common house-fly. They ate up all the tops of

the potatoes, so that there was not a leaf to be seen, and of course

the roots were useless where they attacked them in the early

State.”

The President read an extract from a letter addressed by J. A.

Turner, Esq., of Manchester, to Dr. Royle, relative to the insect

g 2

XXXIV ' PROCEEDINGS OF THE

which had destroyed the cotton crop in India. Mr. E. Doubleday

remarked upon this communication that the moth, the larva of

which had so seriously injured the cotton crop in the United States

in 1846, was probably the Noctua Xylina of Say. It was allied

to the genus Ophiusa, but would not come under any European

type. In Louisiana and Mississippi it had destroyed one third

of the crop, yet he had never himself met with it in his journey

in the United States, nor seen it in any collection, neither did any

drawing of it exist in the vast collection of drawings of Georgian

insects made by Abbot, now in the library of the British Museum.

He was indebted to his learned friend Dr. Harris for specimens

of it and its larva, as also for many details on its habits which he

had not felt justified in publishing, as Dr. Harris was preparing a

treatise on the subject.

The President read an extract from the Halifax Times relative

to the insects which destroy the turnip crops in Nova Scotia.

This was particularly interesting, from indicating very clearly an

insect of an order of which no species was hitherto known to be

injurious to this crop. The writer says, ‘‘ the principal enemy to

turnips and cabbage of every kind, while in the seed leaf, is the

hopper or ground flea. It is a species of Podura, has no wings

of any kind, is nearly globular, of the size of 2 pin’s head or less;

and by the help of its forked tail it hops with great agility. They

are not plentiful on new land, but on all old cultivated ground

they are to be found on every square inch. They will not sit on

damp ground, for this reason the small stones, chips, or anything

that will quickly dry, should be raked from the top of the ridge

before the seed is sowed, and after sowing it should be rolled or

trampled hard, and a small quantity of salt sprinkled on it. The

best salt for this purpose is that which always keeps damp, owing

to a small quantity of muriate of lime which is mixed with it.

A thin layer of sea weed spread over the drills is a perfect security

against the hoppers, and a little straw or worthless hay from the

top of a stack will prevent them from doing much damage. In

some places in a cold spring turnips are attacked by a beetle as

large as a flea, with a spotted or striped shell, which can fly, but

as it usually travels by hopping, it does much less harm to the

covered plants than to those which are entirely exposed.”

The writer then alludes as follows to a Lepidopterous larva

allied to those called cut-worms* in Canada, Nova Scotia, and the

* The name cut-worm is applied to the larvz of various species of Agrotis, for

a detailed account of which see Harris’s Report, p. 321, et seq.— E. D.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCLETY OF LONDON. XXXV

United States. ‘“ The grey grub is a formidable enemy to all

kinds of turnips, but prefers the common turnip to the Swedish.

Except that they are smaller, they resemble the common grubs

that cut off our cabbage, Indian corn, &c., and like them are pro-

duced from the eggs of a grey moth or miller, that flies by night.

They are not eaten either by domestic fowls or robins, both of

whom. devour the common cut-worm or cabbage grub, but the

parent moths are fed to their young by the robins. A consider-

able proportion of these grubs can be destroyed by lime if applied

at the proper time. The turnips should be frequently examined

from the time the leaves are three inches long. The grubs will

be found at first under a web, like that of a spider, which generally

covers about a dozen, which are not then thicker than so many pins.

If the lime is applied immediately it will destroy most of them,

but if they are neglected for three or four days they will leave

the web and conceal themselves under dead leaves, chips, or small

stones by day, and devour the leaves by night, without being

checked in any degree by lime, tobacco water, or any other appli-

cation that we have tried. The lime should be slacked three or

four weeks before it is expected to be wanted, and kept dry; and

should be applied early in the morning while the leaves are

covered with dew. ‘Take about three pints of lime in an oznaburg

bag that will hold a gallon, and pass through the field shaking it

over the leaves ; the lime will fly through the bag like smoke, and

make the lower side of the leaves nearly as white as the top.

After this the turnips should still be watched, for the eggs are in

some seasons deposited upon the leaves a second and a third

time.”

Mr. Doubleday exhibited some larvee of one of the Tineide,

which had destroyed the corks of a stock of wine so as to render

it necessary to recork all the bottles.

Mr. Saunders remarked on some previous communications on

the same subject.

Mr. J. W. Douglas called the attention of the meeting to a

remark in a recent part of the Annales de la Société Entomo-

logique de la France, in which M. Guénée spoke of the name

occultana given by Mr. Douglas to a species of Pedisca, as a

manuscript name, whereas it was described by him in the “ Zoo-

logist” for 1846. He also stated that Mrs. Vines, a lady residing

in the New Forest, having last year reared a great many specimens

of Catocala sponsa and C. promissa, had observed that they all

emerged from the pupa between the hours of ten and twelve p.m.

XXXV1 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

3rd April, 1848.

W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.

Donations.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, parts 1 and 2

for 1845; parts 1 to 4 for 1846; and parts 1 and 2 for 1847.

rescued by that Society.

Annual Report of the Leeds Philosophical Society for 1846 and

1847. Presented by that Society.

Proceedings of the Berwickshire Natural Easton Club, pp.

197—260. Presented by that Club.

H. T. Stainton, Esq., of Mountsfield, Lewisham, was balloted

for and elected a member.

Exursitions, Memorrs, &c.

Mr. Douglas exhibited on behalf of Mr. Logan a new species

of Porrectaria, for which he proposed the name of fasciatopennella.

Mr. Weir exhibited a specimen of the winter abode of the

larvee of Porthesia.

Mr. E. Doubleday exhibited specimens of a remarkable new

genus of Geometride, collected by Mr. Dyson in Caraccas, at an

elevation of nearly 10,000 feet above the level of the sea.

A memoir by Mr. Dallas was read on the Hemipterous genus

Peecilochroma, White, in which some new species were described.

Mr. Douglas stated that on the preceding day he had seen a

specimen of Vanessa Antiopa at Penge.

The President called the attention of the meeting to an account

of a swarm of Notonecta glauca, extending over twenty-five or

thirty miles, observed in September, 1846, near the head waters

of the Mississippi by Sir G. Simpson, and recorded by him in his

Travels. This, he observed, was a remarkable fact, and he be-

lieved the first recorded observation of the migration in large

swarms of an aquatic insect.

The President also read an extract from the Times newspaper,

stating that during the prevalence of the cholera in Russia the

bees kept themselves closed up in their hives. This led to a dis-

cussion on the sensibility of insects to atmospheric changes.

The President read an extract from the Florist, No. 3, on the

winter quarters of the caterpillar which infests the rose bud;

from which it appears that they bore into the pith of the dead

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXXVil

branches of the rose, especially the dead spurs remaining where

a branch had been cut off, and consequently that a careful re-

moval of these would in a great measure prevent their ravages.

Mr. Westwood remarked, that it was difficult to decide to what

species they belonged, and that as yet he was not aware of any

Tortricideous larva being known to bore into wood.

Mr. E. Doubleday remarked, that the habits of this species

were nearly the same as those of the Yortrix of the vine, so

beautifully figured and so elaborately described in Andouin’s work

upon it. That larva forms for its winter habitation a small silken

cocoon under the bark of the vine, and comes forth in the spring

destroying the young shoots.

1st May, 1848.

W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.

Donations.

Genera et Species Trichopterorum, part 1, by Dr. F. A, Ko-

Jenati. Presented by the Author.

The Athenzeum for February and April, 1848. Presented by

the Editor.

Littell’s Living Age, part 201. Presented by the Editor.

Boston Journal of Natural History, Vol. V. part 2. Presented

by the Society.

Entomologische Zeitung, for January, 1848. Presented by the

Entomological Society of Stettin.

Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle de

Genéve, Tome XI. part 2. Presented by that Society.

Arthur Christie, Esq., of 9, Stanhope Street, Hyde Park Square,

was elected a Member of the Society.

Exurzitions, Memoirs, &c.

Mr. Saunders exhibited some young fruit of the apricot, eaten

by the larva of one of the Tortricide, probably a Lozotenia. Also

some corks from wine bottles, destroyed by the larva of some

Coleopterous insect.

A letter was received from J. C. Bowring, Esq. of Hong Kong,

returning thanks for his election as a Corresponding Member of

the Society.

XXXVIIl PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Also a letter, addressed by that gentleman to Mr. White, de-

tailing the habits of many species of insects, and some Myriapoda,

inhabiting that island.

Mr. E. Doubleday read a memoir on some new species of

Geometride, from Caraccas.

The President called the attention of the Members to the sub-

ject of the luminosity of Fudgora laternaria, remarking that it is

desirable to collect all the evidence bearing on the disputed ques-

tion of the luminousness of this insect. ‘ The following passage

(he observed) from Mr. W. H. Edwards's highly interesting

‘Voyage up the River Amazon’ (January, 1847), is worth quoting.

“In describing a night-scene at Mogoary, twelve miles from

Para, the capital of the province, situated eighty miles from the

mouth of the Amazon, in Brazil, Mr. Edwards says, ‘ Huge

moths, those fairest of the insect world, have taken the place of

the butterflies, and myriads of fire-flies never weary in their

torch-light dance. Far down the road comes on a blaze, steady,

streaming like a meteor. It whizzes past, and for an instant the

space is illumined, and dewy jewels from the leaves throw back

the radiance. It is the lantern-fly, seeking what he himself

knows best, by the fiery guide upon his head.’—p. 31.

“Mr. Edwards, with whom I have the pleasure of being per-

sonally acquainted, assures me that this is an accurate description

of what he himself witnessed ; and though he did not capture one

of the lantern-flies, all the Brazilians with whom he conversed on

the subject agreed in asserting that this insect is certainly and

notoriously luminous, the large hollow projection from the head

being the part which gives out the light. Mr. Henderson, for

example, when Mr. Edwards first landed at Para, and before he

had seen the appearance just described, told him that some night

or other he would see a flying insect giving out far more light

than the ordinary fire-flies, and gave a description of the insect to

which he alluded, which was exactly applicable to the specimen

of Fulgora laternaria brought to Mr. Edwards when he was at

Bara, one thousand miles higher up the Amazon, and upon seeing

which Signor Henriquez, of Bara, observed, ‘this is a rare insect

here, and is the one that is so luminous.’ ”’

The President also read the following communication relative to

meal made from vetches, which had been found to be poisonous.

“ As it is a duty of this Society to endeavour to throw light on

obscure facts in which it is possible that insects may be concerned,

I beg to draw your attention to a statement, apparently connected

with one of these, made to the Council of the Royal Agricultural

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXXIX

Society, April 12, 1848, of the death of nine pigs belonging to

Mr. Bury, of Hanslope Park, Bucks, a few hours after eating

porridge made of meal from vetches, bought at Liverpool. ‘ Pro-

fessor Way remarked, that the poisonous effect was produced either

jrom mineral poison mixed with the meal, or in consequence of

some poisonous quality chemically engendered in the meal itself.

He was inclined to think, from such a result in many vegetable

substances, that the latter was the case.’ Now I would beg to

suggest, whether it is not more probable that this poisonous qua-

lity in the meal (for I do not think that any mere extrication of

gas, as Professor Sewell, of the Royal Veterinary College, sug-

gested, could produce a fatal result so immediate, and on the

whole number of pigs) was caused by its having been ground

from vetches infested with some Bruchus, in its various states of

larva, pupa and imago. I am not aware that English vetches

(including under this term lentils and tares), which indeed are not

very extensively cultivated in this country, are materially affected

by any insect ; but Mr. Curtis, in his late excellent ‘ Essay on Pea

and Bean Insects,’ in the 7th volume of the Journal of the Royal

Agricultural Society, informs us, in a note quoted from the En-

cyclopédie Méthodique, that the lentils and vetches of France are

infested by Bruchus granarius, as we may reasonably infer are

those of other continental countries, or with allied species. Is it

not then probable, that as considerable quantities of foreign Jentils

were imported last year into Liverpool from Egypt, Prussia, &c.

that the poisonous meal in question might have been ground from

the refuse screenings of this grain, and thus have contained a

sufficient quantity of Bruchus granarius in its different states to

impart noxious properties to it ?

«This supposition is rendered probable by three facts,—first,

that, as recorded by Amoreux, and quoted in the ‘Introduction

to Entomology,’ individuals in France seem to have been poisoned

by eating Bruchus granarius in worm-eaten peas; second, that, as

stated by Mr. Curtis in the 7th volume of the Journal of the Royal

Society of Agriculture, the health of a cabman’s horses, fed on

Sicilian beans much worm-eaten, was found to be very much

deranged; and third, that two fat pigs of Mr. H. Wilson, of

Stowlangtoft Hall, as he stated to the Royal Agricuitural So-

ciety, were both destroyed by being fed for a week on meal

ground from damaged rice, purchased at a cheap rate, which it is

highly probable abounded in Calandra oryze, with the known

noxious properties of which Bruchus granarius may not unreason-

ably be supposed to partake.”

VOL. V. h

xl PROCEEDINGS OF THE

5th June, 1848. i

W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.

DonaATIONs.

Beitraége zur nahern Kenntniss der Palingenia longicauda, Olivier,

by Professor C. Cornelius. Presented by the Author.

Linnea Entomologica, Vol. 3.

Entomologische Zeitung, for 1848, parts 2, 3 and 4, All pre-

sented by the Entomological Society of Stettin.

Transactions of the Zoological Society, Vol. 3, part 5

Proceedings of the Zoological Society, for 1847, pp. 107—242,

and for 1848, pp. 1—16. All presented by the Zoological Society.

Exursitions, Memoirs, &c.

Mr. T. V. Wollaston exhibited a very extensive series of insects

of all orders, collected by him in Madeira during the past winter

and spring. This collection contains many new and remarkable

species, especially of Coleoptera, and is the most extensive ever

brought from that island.

Mr. Stevens exhibited a small box of insects recently taken in

the Isle of Wight, including specimens of Drypta emarginata,

Agrotis cinerea, two new species of Anacampsis, &c.; also speci-

mens of Endromis versicolora from Sussex, and numerous insects

captured in the New Forest, near Lyndhurst, including Cleora

cinctaria, Chlorissa viridaria, and the species of Psyche described

by Curtis under the name of Penthophora nigricans. The speci-

mens of the last named insect were reared from cocoons found on

heath and gorse in the neighbourhood of Ringwood and Lyndhurst.

Mr. Stevens remarked that the males invariably emerged from the

pupa between the hours of five and seven p.m., and that one evening

great numbers of males were attracted by a female just emerged

from the pupa, in one of his breeding cages, in a garden at a great

distance from the heath where they are found. The female, which

has only rudiments of legs, does not leave the cocoon until after

she has deposited her eggs therein.

Mr. E. Doubleday exhibited specimens of Zegris Eupheme,

Colias Aurora, and other rare European Lepidoptera ; also a spe-

cimen of Hebomoia Leucippe; of a new Rhodocera from Nepaul,

allied to Rh. Verhuellit, for which he proposed the name of Rh.

Wallichii, after its discoverer Dr. Wallich; also the male of Actzas

Meenas, remarkable for the extreme length of the tails of the

posterior wings. (Tab. XV. fig. 1.)

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. xli

Mr. E. Doubleday then called the attention of the meeting to

the structure of the anterior wings in Zeuxidia Luxeri, Hiibner, a

rare butterfly from the Indian archipelago.

In this insect the third median nervule, soon after its origin,

throws off a short branch, which is directed upwards, then slightly

outward, when it becomes atrophied, and confounded with the fold

between the second discoidal and the third median nervule. Mr.

E. Doubleday considered this deviation from the usual structure

of the wing in the diurnal Lepidoptera as of great interest, and

likely to assist in ascertaining the true structure of the wings of

some of the Hepiolide and other Heterocerous Lepidoptera, which

is so much more complicated than that of the Rhopalocera. He

pointed out the resemblance between this short nervule and the

traces of the discoidal nervure and nervules often visible in tke

cell of the anterior, and sometimes of the posterior wings of the

Heliconide, and some other butterflies; and also that in these

insects the discoidal nervure and its nervules are almost always

represented by distinct folds, which have by some authors been

mistaken for nervules. He considered it of the greatest import-

ance, in reference to the Pterology of insects, to attend strictly to

these rudimentary nervules, and to avoid most carefully any care-

less or inaccurate descriptions of them. He believed that they

will be found to indicate either the introduction of an additional

element into the structure, or the proximate disappearance of one

already existing; and that these changes depended more on the

position that the animal occupies in the system of nature, than on

any modification in its habits.

Mr. J. F. Stephens exhibited a living larva of Graphiphora sub-

rosea, which had been reared from the egg by Mr. Doubleday.

Also specimens of Gracillaria V. flava, bred from the larvee found

in the wine corks previously exhibited by Mr. E. Doubleday. This

insect, he remarked, until within a few years, was very rare in

collections, but had latterly been found in plenty by Mr. Bedell in

wine cellars. As it differs considerably from the other species of

the genus Gracillaria, he proposed to separate it from them under

the name of Oinophila.

Mr. J. W. Douglas exhibited specimens of a new species of

Microsetia, for which he proposed the name of Stephensella.

Mr. Weir remarked that two distinct insects have commonly

been confounded in England under the name of Spinolota trima-

culana, one of which feeds on the whitethorn, the other on the rose.

Mr. Westwood made some observations on the Penthophera

nigricans of Curtis, showing that it could not be generically asso-

xlii PROCEEDINGS OF THE

ciated with the type of that genus, Penth. Morio, on account of its

transformatioiis, the apterous state of the female, the want of palpi,

and peculiar veining of the wings in the male. The latter charac-

ter, as well as the almost obsolete, exarticulate antenne of the

female, likewise remove it from Psyche fusca, and the genus Fumea

of Haworth.

Mr. Westwood accordingly proposed for it the generic name of

Pachythelia, considering it most nearly allied to the Oiketicus

MacLeayu of Guilding.

Mr. Westwood thought that, notwithstanding some of the “Sack-

trégers’’ are evidently related to the Timeide and Hepiolide, those

under consideration are most allied to some of the Arctide.

Mr. Douglas remarked that Mr. Doubleday had at one time

thought it possible that this insect was the Psyche febretta of

Duponchel, but that though it evidently belongs to the same

group, he now considers it a distinct species.

3rd July, 1848.

J. F. S. Parry, Esq., F.R.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.

H. Low, Esq., Colonial Secretary, Labuan, was elected a Cor-

responding Member of the Society.

Exuisitions, Memoirs, &c.

Mr. Ingpen exhibited a specimen of Papilio Machaon, which

had been two years in the pupa state.

Mr. G. F. Angas exhibited two large boxes containing insects

of various orders recently collected by himself in the interior of

South Africa. Amongst them were two new species of Papilio,

two or more new species of Acr@a, two new genera of Nympha-

lide, a magnificent new Saturnia of the subgenus Actias, and

many other exceedingly rare or entirely new insects.

Capt. Parry exhibited a box of Coleoptera from Ceylon, con-

taining many rare species.

Mr. W. W. Saunders exhibited a male and female of Cystosoma

Saundersit from Australia. The female, which was not hitherto

known, is remarkable for not having the body inflated as in the

male.

Mr. Newport exhibited a new species of the genus Monodonto-

merus, belonging to the family of the Chalcidide, reared from

larves which he had found in the nests of Anthophora retusa. He

proposed for it the name of Monodontomerus nitidus.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. xliil

Mr. J. W. Douglas exhibited specimens of Agrophila sul-

phurea, Argyromyges viminiella, A. salicolella, A. spiniolella.

Argyrosetia semifasciella, Gracillaria substriga, and some new

species of Microlepidoptera.

Mr. Weir exhibited a very large series of Microlepidoptera,

collected by himself in the vicinity of Tunbridge Wells.

Mr. H. T. Stainton exhibited pupe of Argyromyges quercifo-

hella and Arg. sylvella.

A paper was read “ On some remarkable Hermaphrodite Bri-

tish Lepidoptera,” by Mr. Wing.

A paper was read, being extracts from Zeller’s Monograph of

the genus Argyresthia, published in the Linnea Entomologica,

with notes by Mr. H. T. Stainton.

A requisition for a special meeting of the Society to consider

certain alterations of the bye-laws of the Society, signed by six

members, was read.

7th August, 1848.

J. F.S. Parry, Esq., F.L.S., Vice-President, in the Chair.

DonaTIONs.

Dei Vantaggi che l’Agricoltura puo ricavare dallo Studio dell’

Entomologia, by Professor Passerini. Presented by the Author.

Frederick Grant, Esq., 15, Sussex Place, Kensington, was

elected a member.

Exursitions, Memoirs, &c.

Mr. J. F. Stephens exhibited a large mass of Atherix ibis,

about two inches in diameter, found by the Rev. F. W. Hope on

the banks of the Severn, at Berwick, near Shrewsbury. This

mass was composed of an immense number of individuals, closely

adhering together around a small branch.

Mr. J.C. Bowring exhibited two very interesting boxes of

insects, chiefly Coleoptera, collected by himself at Hong Kong,

containing three new species of Paussus, a new Cremastocheilus,

and a very remarkable Coccus-like insect, parasitic upon Fulgora

candelaria. This last insect led to a considerable discussion as to

the order to which it belongs.

Dr. Schaum, who had recently returned from the United States,

exhibited a box of insects from those States, containing seven

VOL. V. 1

xliv PROCEEDINGS OF THE

species of the genus Cremastocheilus, of which four were new.

Two of these were discovered in South Carolina, by Dr. Zimmer-

mann, and two in the Missouri territory, by Dr. J. Leconte.

The three known species were Cr. canaliculatus, Kirby, Cr. cas-

tanee, Knoch, and Cr. Sayii, Harris. He stated that the Cr.

canaliculatus of Kirby, which is the Cr. Hentzit of Dr. Harris,

had hitherto been erroneously considered, both by himself and

Dr. Burmeister, to be the Cr. castanee of Knoch. The true

Cr. castanee had remained hitherto unknown to more modern

authors. It is distinguishable from the former species by its

much smaller size, and by its more coarsely and sparingly punc-

tured head and thorax. He pointed out that the third species

was very near to the C. variolosus of Kirby, but differed in the

form of the posterior angles of the thorax. He mentioned that

besides these, he was acquainted with five other species from

North America, thus bringing the actual number of known species

from that continent to amount to twelve. These five are, Ist,

Psilocnemis leucosticta, Burm; 2, Cremastocheilus Harrisu, Kirby ;

3, a large new species from Indiana, of which fragments exist in

Dr. Harris's collection; 4, a species allied to Cr. variolosus, which

M. Gory had in his collection as Cr. castanee, and which must

be considered the type of his description, and which has not been

noticed by any other author; 5, Cr. Meaicanus, Schaum. He

added, in conclusion, that the habits of the genus were very little

known; that he had himself found one species in ants’ nests on

the Catskill Mountains, and that Professor Haldemann had also

found two species in similar situations in Pennsylvania.

Dr. Schaum also exhibited many new or very rare Coleoptera,

found by himself in his journey through the United States.

Dr. Schaum next exhibited specimens of Glyptus subtilis, one

of the rarest of the Carabideous insects, which had been found in

Western Africa, by Dr. Savage, in the nests of the Termites, or

white ants; and a drawing of a remarkable Goliathus, existing in

the collection of Mr. Turner, of Manchester. ‘This specimen,

which he considered to be a variety of Gol. cacicus, has the head

and bands of the thorax almost white, the elytra almost white,

wanting the bluish silvery hue common in Gol. cacicus, and having

the humeral and apical black patches almost touching one ano-

ther; thus seeming to form a link between Gol. Druri and Gol.

cacicus.

Mr. Westwood remarked, that after a very careful examination

of many specimens of both species, he could not indicate any

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. xlv

constant difference of form between them, except that Gol.

cacicus has the legs more slender than Gol. Drurii, and that the

angulations of the head and thorax are somewhat different in the

two species.

Mr. J. W. Douglas exhibited the pup of Spilonota fenella,

in the stems of Artemisia campestris.

Mr. Sheppard exhibited some remarkable varieties of Melitea

cinxia, Thecla pruni, and Graphiphora subrosea.

The following note by Dr. Schaum was read: “ Since my de-

scription of Platygenia exarata was published in the fifth volume

of the Transactions of this Society, I have had an opportunity of

seeing the male of that species in the collection of Dr. Zimmer-

mann, of Colombia, South Carolina. On this sex the inside of

the hind tibiz has a thick brush of black hairs ; the claws of the

anterior tarsi are simple, while they are toothed at the base in

Plat. barbata, a fact showing that this character has here only a

specific, not a generic value.

“ T take advantage of this opportunity to correct an error of

the press in my description of Pl. evarata, p.76. In the third

line from below of that page, instead of ‘ proves that the speci-

men is a male,’ read ‘ female ;’ and p. 74, line 20, read ‘ margine,”

not ‘ marginato.’”

Mr. E. Doubleday made some remarks upon the very valuable

collection of Coleoptera, which Dr. Schaum had formed during his

journey in the United States; especially referring to the geo-

graphical distribution of the species, a large number of which

have a very wide range. Many of those found by Dr. Schaum in

Louisiana, having been taken by himself both in the State of

New York and in East Florida, showing a range of above nine

hundred miles from North to South, and above one thousand

miles from East to West. This range was the more remarkable

from the well known fact that the climate changes more in a

given number of degrees of latitude in the United States than in

Europe.

A requisition for a special general meeting to consider certain

alterations in the Bye-Laws, signed by six members, was read.

xlvi PROCEEDINGS OF THE

4th September, 1848.

W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.

DonaTIONs.

Istoria dei Bruci et Larvi della Lithosia Caniola. By Professor

C. Passerini. Presented by the Author.

Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England, No. 21,

for August, 1848. Presented by that Society.

Annals of the New York Lyceum. Vol. 4. Parts 10 & 11.

Presented by that Institution.

Materials for a Fauna and Flora of Swansea, and the Neigh-

bourhood. By L. Weston Dilwyn, Esq. Presented by the Au-

thor.

Exursitions, Memoirs, &c.

Mr. J. F. Stephens exhibited two species of Coccus, one found

in great profusion on Ribes sanguineum, the other on the apple

tree; and, for comparison with these, he also exhibited specimens

of the species infesting the orange tree.

Mr. S. Stevens exhibited a remarkable variety of Polyommatus

Adonis, taken at Torquay, in which the upper surface of the wing

was of a fulvous colour; also a specimen of Deilephila Livornica

(Esp. ) from the same locality. He likewise exhibited numerous

beautifully-preserved specimens of Lepidoptera, taken by himself

in Devonshire, amongst which were Hypena Crassalis, Eupithecia

nigro-punctata, Margaritia longalis, Anticlea sinuata, Emmelesia

bifasciata, Xanthosetia inopiana, and other species, rare in Great

Britain. He stated that the larva of the last-named species feeds

on a species of Pulicaria.

Mr. Westwood informed the Society, that he had recently made

some very interesting observations on Sitaris humeralis, which he

hoped shortly to be able to publish. He brought to the Meeting

many specimens captured by himself in Oxfordshire, for distri-

bution amongst the members.

Mr. E. Doubleday read a description of a new species of Go-

nepteryx, of the section for which Dr. Boisduval had proposed the

name of Dercas.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, xlvil

GonEPTERYX WALLICHII.

Gon. Wallichi: Alis omnibus leté flavis, anticis apice acuminato

nigro, macula pone medium rotundata nigra ; posticis rotundatis.

Exp. alar. 23 unc. vel 62 millim. Habitat India Sept.

Head black. Antenne reddish. Thorax black, clothed thinly with

yellow hairs. Anterior wings acuminate, falcate, the outer margin

slightly sinuate below the apex, above pale bright yellow, the apex

marked with a black patch trisinuate internally, the middle sinus

deep, the others much slighter; the termination of the costal ner-

vure, and also of the first and second subcostal nervules, marked

with a small black dot; two small black dots on the outer margin,

and a large rounded spot, bordered below with ferruginous, be-

tween the first and second median nervules, not far from their

origin. Posterior wings rounded, pale, bright yellow, the termi-

nations of the nervules marked with a small black dot. Below

all the wings paler than above, sprinkled with small ferruginous

atoms, the discocellular nervule of both wings marked with a

geminate ferruginous spot, bepupilled with silver; the anterior

wings marked with a silvery cloud, from which a faint ferruginous

line runs across the wings nearly to the anal angle, touching a

spot in place of the rounded spot of the upper surface, but of a

paler colour. Legs nearly white.

This species may be known from Gonepteryx Verhuellu by its

rounded posterior wings, and from Gon. Lycorias by the large

spot of the anterior wings and other characters.

2nd October, 1848.

W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.

Donations.

Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou.

Part 2, for 1847. Presented by that Society.

Entomologische Zeitung, for June, 1848. Presented by the

Entomological Society of Stettin.

Journal of the Boston Natural History Society. Vol. 5, part 4.

Presented by that Society.

Two specimens of Lamia Textor, found near Bristol. Presented

by Mr. Jacques.

xlvill PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Exuisitions, Memoirs, &c.

Mr. J. F. Stephens exhibited a specimen of fir timber, from

Charing, in Kent, perforated obliquely downwards by Sirex gigas

and Sirex juvencus ; and stated that the perfect insects had made

their appearance throughout the months of June, July, August,

and September.

Mr. J. J. Weir exhibited specimens of Cynceda dentalis, taken

by himself at Lewes; also a box, containing numerous species of

Lepidoptera, some of them rare, beaten from the thatch of an out-

building, their winter quarters.

Mr. Wollaston exhibited a box of Coleoptera collected in the

neighbourhood of Colombo, Ceylon, amongst which were many

rare species.

Mr. 8. Stevens exhibited a box, containing many species of

Coleoptera, rare in Britain, amongst which were Lizxus bicolor,

Hypera fasciculosa, Platyonomus mixtus, all found on Erodium

cicularium ; also Lizus angustatus, Sitona Waterhousei, Acalles ro-

boris, and a species of Lebia, believed to be undescribed, found

near Deal; also specimens of amber, containing insects found on

the sea-shore at Deal and Hastings.

The Secretary read a letter from Mr. Jacques, stating that he

had captured twenty-one specimens of Lamia textor near Bristol,

that he believed to be a nocturnal insect, never having met with

it before 7 p.m., and that he had taken the specimens mentioned

by examining the branches of willows after dark.

The following extract of a letter from W. Thompson, Esq., of

Belfast, on the habits of dleyrodes Phillyree was read :—

‘“‘ Although you are not to expect any thing entomological from

me, I may mention my being lately attracted by the beautiful

Aleyrodes Phillyree. Having remarked from a little distance the

very lucid and even black appearance of a fine large plant of

Phillyrea latifolia, 1 went to ascertain the cause, and found hosts

of this beautiful creature on the under side of the leaves, to which

only the perfect insect, as well as in its other stages, was attached,

just after the manner of Aphides. If you have not seen the spe-

cies, you can imagine the beautiful sight afforded on my shaking

the plant, when hundreds of minute moths (as it were), not ex-

ceeding a line and a half in length, and of a snowy whiteness,

hovered over the gloomy Phillyrea. I visited the plant yester-

day, and found the Aleyrodes just as I had seen it a month before.

The Phillyrea however was the worse, a few of the leaves being

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. xlxi

killed, and others tending towards decay. Not a leaf, excepting

the very few young ones put forth, but is affected, in hue at

least. The Phillyrea is in the midst of shrubs of various kinds,

none of which, nor any other plant of the same species in the

grounds, is attacked.”

The alterations proposed to be made in the Bye-Laws were

read,

6th November, 1848.

W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.

DonatTIoNs.

The Athenzeum, for March to September inclusive. Presented

by the Editors.

Annales de la Société Linnéenne de Lyen. Vol. 1, 1845-6.

Presented by that Society.

Catalogue des Insectes recueillies par M. Lehmann. By M.

Ménétriés. Presented by the Author.

A large Series of British Lepidoptera. Presented by G. Be-

dell, Esq.

The proposed alterations in the Bye-Laws were agreed to.

Mr. I. W. Douglas exhibited larve of Trogosita Mauritanica

which had been found in packages of silks from India, to which

they had done much damage.

Mr. W. Thompson sent, for exhibition, living larvae of Aley-

rodes Phillyree.

Mr. Stainton exhibited a very extensive series of varieties

of Pecilochroma piceana, pointing out the connecting links be-

tween those varieties which have been described as species, viz.

Peec. piceana (Haw.), Peec. semifuscana (Stevens), and Peee. vit-

tana, Curtis.

Mr. Weaver exhibited the cocoons of a species of Psyche,

supposed to be new to Britain,

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited two specimens of a species of Gyri-

osomus (section Heteromera, family Nyctelide ), from Chili, which,

having a general resemblance to the Gyr. Hopii, differed in being

larger, in having the thorax more convex above, being destitute

of the transverse depression on the hinder part, and lastly, in

wanting the white longitudinal lines on the hinder part of the

elytra. In the specimens laid before the meeting, the whole sur-

1 PROCEEDINGS OF THE

face of the elytra was studded with small irregular depressions,

and these were clothed with a white substance, as are the de-

pressions of Gyr. Hope.

Mr. E. Doubleday made some remarks on the subject of local

varieties, and the representation of one species by another in

distant localities. He especially mentioned a species of Papilio,

from California, recently added to the collection of the British

Museum, which shows a marked affinity both to P. Asterias and

P. Machaon, scarcely differing from the latter except in its

brighter colouring and in having the red spot at the anal angle

of the posterior wings pupilled with black as in P. Asterias, to

some of the varieties of which it bears a resemblance almost as

close as to P. Machaon.

Mr. J. F. Stephens remarked, that in many species of Lepi-

doptera the specimens from Scotland were constantly darker than

the English ones. He also alluded to the minute but constant

differences to be found between the European and American spe-

cimens of certain Lepidoptera, as, for example, Vanessa Atalanta

and Lycena Phleas.

A paper was read by Mr. H. T. Stainton on the Synonyms of

Tinea Festaliella of Hiibner.

4th December, 1848.

W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.

DonaTIONs.

Three boxes of Insects of various orders from South Australia.

Presented by W. Spence, Esq., the President of the Society.

Reports of the British Association for the Advancement of

Science, for the years 1843-4-5-6-7. Also presented by the

President.

Entomologische Zeitung, for August and September, 1848.

Presented by the Entomological Society of Stettin.

Annales de la Société Royale d’Agriculture, &c.de Lyon. Pre-

sented by that Society.

Bulletin de l’ Académie Royale de Belgique for 1847 and 1848 ;

Annuaire de l’'Académie Royale de Belgique for 1848 ;

Mémoires Couronnés et Mémoires des Savans Etrangers, pub-

liés par l’'Academie Royale de Belgique, for 1848. All presented

by that Society.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. li

Boston Journal of Natufal History. Vol. 5, part 4. Presented

by the Boston Natural History Society.

Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. Vol. 6, parts

1 and 2. Presented by that Society.

La Muscardine, by M. Guérin-Ménéville ;

Necéssité d’introduire ]’Etude de la Zoologie dans |’Enseigne-

ment Agricole, by M. Guérin-Ménéville ;

Essai sur les Lépidoptéres du Genre Bombyx qui donnent ou

qui donneront de la Soie, by M. Guérin Ménéville ;

Extrait du Compte Rendu de la Séance Publique et Annuelle

de Société Royale et Centrale d’Agriculture, qui a décerné a M.

le Dr. Eu. Robert le Prix, institué pour la découverte et mise

en pratique des moyens propres a détruire les Insectes nuisibles

aux Forets, &c., by M. Guérin Ménéville. All presented by the

Author,

Insecta Caffraria. Pars lma. By C. H. Bohemann. Presented

by the Author.

Observations sur quelques Genres de Carabiques, by M. le

Baron Chaudoir ;

Enumeration des Carabiques et Hydrocanthares du Caucase,

by M. le Baron Chaudoir. Both presented by the Author.

Exursitions, Memoirs, &c.

Mr. E. Doubleday informed the meeting, that the Saturnia,

from South Africa, which he had exhibited at a previous meeting

believing it to be new, was described about a year since by Dr.

Boisduval, under the name of Saturnia Acacia, in the “ Voyage

de Delegorgue.”

He also stated that the Saturnia, which he then considered to

be the male of Saturnia (Actias) Meenas, was, he believed, a dis-

tinct species. The specimen in the British Museum is much

faded, and consequently it is difficult to say what might have been

its colour; but he had lately seen two perfect specimens in a col-

lection of insects from Silhet, now unfortunately on the road to

Brody, in Galicia, the collection having been purchased by Count

Mnizesch. He would propose to call it

Saturnia Leto.

Sat. Leto: Alis anticis elongatis, triangularibus, posticis parvis

oS a fo} ’ ?

sub-trigonis, cauda longissima, apice dilatata, instructis: omnes

> 8

pallide viridi-flavidis, basi, linea tenui, nudata, transversa, margini-

busque externis plus minusve, brunneis: anticis lunula magna, pos-

ticis parva instruclis.

Exp. alar. 6 unc. 3 lin. del. 156 mill. Hab, India Orientali.

hit PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Anterior wings triangular, the apex acute; the anterior margin

more than double the length of the inner; the outer margin nearly

straight, three-fourths the length of the anterior; pale, dull,

greenish yellow: the costa, the base beyond the origin of the first

median nervule, an indistinct, angular, transverse striga beyond

the middle, a patch near the apex, and a larger one on the outer

magin near the anal angle, pale brown: the end of the cell marked

by large crescent-shaped lunule, dark internally and above. Pos-

terior wings short, subtriangular, the anal angle produced into a

long tail, more than double the length of the wing, very slender,

enlarged before the apex; pale dull greenish yellow: the base,

an angular striga near the outer margin, the outer margin and the

narrow part of the tail, except internally near the base, pale

brown.

Head, thorax and abdomen greenish yellow, the prothorax

brown in front.

In the collections of the British Museum, Count Mnizesch, &c.

Mr. Westwood brought for distribution amongst the members

numerous specimens of Cucujus piceus.

Mr. White exhibited a box containing a selection from a col-

lection of insects made in New Zealand by Mr. Churton; amongst

which were a new genus of Scaritide, a species of Dircea, a new

genus near to Metopon, a new genus of Prionid@, a new species of

Gryllotalpa, and other new insects.

Mr. E. Doubleday exhibited a box containing a series of Lepi-

doptera from the same collection, mostly new species ; also a re-

markable cocoon of a Lepidopterous insect, probably allied to the

Lithosiide, but which much resembled in structure that of Dic-

tyopeia Catenaria. This cocoon is of an oval form, composed of

delicate silken net, of a rose colour, and is suspended by a long

thread from a leaf. The cocoon and perfect insect were sent from

Para by Messrs. Wallace and Bates.

Mr. Maitland exhibited specimens of Polia Lichenea and Agrotis

lunigera, captured near Ventnor.

Mr. Bond exhibited specimens of an apparently new Nonagria,

and also of Depressaria Angelicella (Hiibn.), and Depressaria sub-

propinquella, Stainton: also a specimen of Helothis Armigera,

captured near Dorking, September 20th, 1548.

Mr. Douglas exhibited specimens of Anacampsis alacella, An.

peliella, and An, lentiginosella.

Mr. S. Stevens exhibited specimens of Oxypate gelatella, taken

in Fulham Fields.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. liii

A letter was read from Mr. Walton, communicating a letter

from Mr. Carlson, containing a short biography of M. Schénherr.

Mr. Carlson states—

August 4, 1848.

** My dear Sir,—According to your wish I have procured from

Sweden a sketch of my late uncle, Mr. Schonherr’s life, which I

have translated into English for you, leaving to you to make

whatever use of it you think proper. In case you should decide

upon publishing it in some periodical, the English requires a little

polishing, which I hope you will be kind enough to undertake.

‘One of the sons-in-law of Mr. Schonherr, who is Professor

of Theology at the University of Upsala, informs me that he is

engaged to publish the life of Mr. Schénherr in the form of a

book or pamphlet, which will probably be ready by the end of

this year.

* The enclosed sketch is taken from a recent publication called

** Biographical Lexicon of celebrated Swedish Men,” to the editor

of which Mr. Schénherr himself has given the principal facts,

which consequently can be relied upon.

* Believe me, my dear sir,

yours very faithfully,

. W. Cartson,

“ To John Walton, Esq.

“ Cart JOHAN ScHONHERR.

*‘ Born in Stockholm, June 10th, 1772. His father, Christian

Schonherr, who died in 1783, was a native of Saxony, who settled

in Sweden, where he became a silk manufacturer in the city of

Stockholm. After his death the business was carried on by his

widow, Louisa Christina Herrman, also a native of Germany, until

1791, when their son Carl Johan, having finished his education,

became sole manager of this silk manufactury, which had been

established in Stockholm by his father. By great talent and

industry Schénherr improved the manufactory very considerably,

so that the number of looms in full operation amounted to seventy-

two, on which more than 200 hands were employed. In 1802 he

was elected Deputy of the Silk-Mercers’ Company, and in 1809 was

returned to the Diet as one of the Members for the City of Stock-

liv PROCEEDINGS OF THE

holm. He retired from business in 1811; and having bought the

beautiful estate of Sparresater in Westrogothia, he removed there

with his family in 1812. His Majesty, the King of Sweden, made

him Counsellor of Commerce in 1812, Knight of the Royal Order

of Polar Star in 1829, and Knight Commander of the Royal Order

of Wasa in 1846.

«« Without any previous instruction, Schénherr began as early as

1784 to collect insects, and became soon intimately acquainted

with distinguished Entomologists, particularly Major Gyllenhaal

and Professor Quensel, of whom whe latter encouraged him to

publish his Synonymia Insectorum” in 1806. What most par-

ticularly induced him to undertake this work was the uncertainty

and confusion which prevailed in the science of Entomology on

account of the different systems and names which had been

adopted, and it was his study to point out and arrange the

different names and places which in the various Entomological

systems had by different authors been given to precisely the same

species. This plan was soon enlarged by the publication of more

accurate systematic definitions and descriptions of new species.

He also made a new and original system for the Curculionides,

which now is generally adopted. Linnzus knew only a little

more than 100 species of this family, and by the authors who

preceded Schoénherr, as Fabricius, Olivier, &c., only 700, or at

most 800 species, were described and confusedly put together.

This circumstance, in addition to the vast number of new dis-

coveries in this branch of Entomology, made it necessary to sys-

tematize de novo, which arduous undertaking was performed by

Schonherr in his work which has been published by the title

** Genera et Species Curculionidum,” where more than 7000 dif-

ferent species have been described, and divided in various groups

among 644 new genera. Schonherr spent about thirty years’

incessant labour on this work, during which time he bas kept up

a most extensive correspondence with the principal Entomologists,

not only in all parts of Europe, but also in Asia and America,

who continually communicated to him their discoveries and obser-

vations, and many distinguished Entomologists assisted him in

special parts of the work, without which assistance it could never

have been brought to that state of perfection which it now pos-

sesses. By a testamentary disposition Schénherr has presented

his rich and beautiful collection of insects, one of the best and

most accurately arranged in Europe, to the Royal Society of

Stockholm, of which learned body he had been a member since

1809.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. lv

“* Schonherr distinguished himself also by agricultural pursuits,

in cultivating land on his estate, clearing stony ground, draining,

&c. He also for a long course of years made experiments to

naturalize maize in Sweden.

‘* Schénherr was struck by a fit of apoplexy, which in a few days

ended his life on the 28th March, 1848, at his estate of Sparresater.

‘* He was twice married; first in 1795, to Helena Catherina

Ferelius (born in London, where her father was minister of the

Swedish Church, Princes’ Square, Ratcliff Highway, afterwards

Archdeacon in Sweden), by whom he had one son and two

daughters; secondly, in 1811, to Benedicta Charlotta Bilbery,

daughter of Archdeacon E. Bilbery), by whom he had five

daughters.

“‘Schénherr was honorary and corresponding member of more

than twenty learned and scientific societies in Europe, America

and other parts of the world.

“‘ His portrait has been twice lithographed.

** Besides his well known Entomological works, Schénherr pub-

lished in the Swedish language various essays on agriculture and

manufacture.”

Mr. E. Doubleday read an extract from a letter he had received

from Dr. Schaum announcing the death of Dr. Erichson.

A paper by Mr. Westwood, on new species of Cetoniade from

India, was read; also

A paper by Captain Parry, containing descriptions of some new

Coleoptera. This paper was accompanied by a plate presented by

the Author; also

A paper by Mr. Douglas, on the Genus Gelechia of Zeller.

A memoir on the Genera Depressaria and E'xairetia, containing

descriptions of nine new species, by Mr. H. T. Stainton, was read.

Mr. E. Doubleday remarked, on the subject of the memoirs on

Microlepidoptera by Zeller and others, that as yet few genera of

nocturnal Lepidoptera have been correctly and clearly charac-

terized ; insects of this order having rarely been investigated in

the same searching manner that is usual in Coleoptera, Hyme-

noptera, and some other orders. He was, however, happy to

find that more attention was now bestowed on the characters fur-

nished by the palpi, wings and legs.

A discussion ensued, in which some of Mr. E. Doubleday’s re-

marks were objected to by Messrs. Waterhouse and Douglas as

too severe and sweeping.

lvi PROCEEDINGS OF THE

1st January, 1849.

W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.

The President announced that the Council recommended that

the following gentlemen be removed from the Council at the

ensuing Anniversary, viz., A. Ingpen, Esq.; G. Newport, Esq. ;

J. F.S. Parry, Esq.; and J. O. Westwood, Esq.

And that the following gentlemen be elected into the Council,.

Viz. :—

Th. Desvignes, Esq.; H. T. Stainton, Esq.; J. Walton, Esq. ;

and G. Waterhouse, Esq.

And also that the following gentlemen be elected Officers of

the Society for the following year, viz. :—

G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., President ;

W. Yarrell, Esq., Treasurer ;

E. Doubleday, Esq.; W. F. Evans, Esq., Secretaries.

The following gentlemen were nominated by the President as

Auditors, viz. :—

J. W. Douglas, Esq. H. T. Stainton, Esq.

A. Ingpen, Esq. J. Walton, Esq.

W. W. Saunders, Esq. G. R. Waterhouse, Esq.

Donations.

A very beautiful and valuable collection of Indian insects, col-

lected by Mrs. M. Hamilton. Presented by Mrs. M. Hamilton.

John Dawson, Esq., of Carron, was elected a subscriber.

Exuisitions, Memoirs, &c.

Mr. W. W. Saunders exhibited a leaf of Eucalyptus, having on

it some scale insects of remarkable character.

Mr. J. W. Douglas exhibited the cocoon and pupa of Oxypate

Gelatella, found by Mr. May under the bark of the whitethorn in

Fulham Fields. He also read the following letter from Mr.

May :—

December 28, 1848.

* Dear Sir,—I have enclosed the cocoon of Oxypate Gelatella,

and yesterday again visited the spot where I captured the insects,

for the purpose of making a closer observation on their habits ;

and the result is nearly the same as I mentioned to you. The

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. lvii

larve are internal feeders, living principally in the decayed

branches of whitethorn, and in a great many instances under the

bark of the living stem. The cocoon spun under the bark is cu-

riously woven, as you will perceive in the specimen I have sent;

it is a little injured by removing it from the tree.

“ T am, dear sir, yours truly,

ceWie., Mia.”

And the following translation of Madame Lienig’s account of

the larva, published in the Isis for 1846, which agrees with

Freyer’s account and figure of the larva and pupa :—“ The larva

lives in May and June on whitethorn, currant bushes, all orchard

trees, spireea, barberry, elms and raspberry. It is when young

light-white-grey-greenish, with black head and black fore-half of

the thorax; legs blackish. When full grown it is light grass-

greenish, with whitish long stripes on the back and sides; legs

black; the last pair always without knobby thickening. It draws

together the leaves intricately, and makes a tubular canal, perhaps

an inch long, of white web, which, fast, hard and like net work, is

perforated. In this canal it changes to a pupa in captivity. On

the slightest touching, the slender very lively larva glides briskly

above and below. The pupa, which, after the transformation, is

grass-green, becomes later of a brighter grass-green. The insect

appears often as early as the beginning of September, after it has

laid ten weeks in the pupa, and is very common in the pastorate.”

He remarked that the discrepancies in these accounts rendered it

doubtful if our insect be identical with Lienig’s and Freyer’s.

The President read a letter inserted in the Barbadoes Agri-

cultural Reporter of Nov. 8, 1848 (p. 186), from John Davy,

Esq., M.D., F.R.S., containing observations on the disease

called the ‘ worm,” by which the sweet potatoes (Batatas edulis)

grown in that island are attacked. Dr. Davy found in the inte-

rior of the potatoes sent him small white hexapod larve, solitary

and of various sizes, intermediate between, being barely visible to

the naked eye, and a quarter of an inch in length, their full di-

mensions. He was not able to detect any ova, probably from

their minuteness and similarity to the starch-cells of the root.

He also found in the interior of the root a small beetle, apparently

the perfect state of the larva, and another in a sound portion of

the tuber, with its head included in the substance of the potato,

in the act of penetrating it, probably for the purpose of depositing

its eggs; and he noticed small holes on the surface, appearing to

be the incipient attempts of the beetle to enter the tuber for this

purpose. ‘The course of the larva in feeding is marked by neigh-

lviii PROCEEDINGS OF THE

bouring discoloration, first greenish, afterwards brown, spreading

toa distance from the line of perforation, and gradually becoming

fainter. The diseased part emits a peculiar odour, characteristic

of the taint and reminding him of that of sweet orris root, but is

hardly distinguishable by the taste from the sound portion, though

seeming to leave a just perceptible acrid after-taste.

With regard to remedies for the disease, Dr. Davy found that

immersion of the larvz and beetles in lime water was fatal to both

in a few hours; and hence he suggests immersing the potatoes

beginning to be diseased in this liquid for a sufficient time, and

then drying them by exposure to the sun and wind. He also

suggests as remedies immersing the diseased potatoes in very

dilute sulphuric acid and in a strong brine of salt, after being cut

in halves and quarters. The insect confines its attack to the

sweet potatoe, not being found either in the yam or eddoe; and

the ‘“‘ vine” of the diseased potatoe remains strong and vigorous,

being unaffected by the state of the tuber, whose function is not

to aid in the growth of the parent plant, but to supply nourish-

ment to young ones growing from it.

The President stated that the beetle sent by Dr. Davy to the

Society is a small species of the vast tribe of Curculionidae, not

exactly referable to any of the genera in the collection of the

British Museum, with which Mr. Waterhouse has compared it,

but were nearly allied to Ceutorhynchus than any other. As it is

most probably a new species, it is proposed to call it C. Batate,

and its specific character will be given by Mr. Waterhouse.

The President also exhibited specimens of a Calandra allied to

Cal. Oryz@, which destroys the grain of Sorghum vulgare.

Mr. S. Stevens exhibited a box of insects collected at Para by

Messrs. Wallace and Bates, containing many rare and valuable

specimens.

An extract of a letter from Brazil, addressed to Mr. W. F. Evans,

on the subject of the luminosity of Fulgora laternaria, was read.

The writer, though he had never seen the insect shine, yet be-

lieved in its luminosity.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, lix

ANNIVERSARY MEETING.

22nd January, 1849.

W. Spence, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the Chair.

The portion of the Bye-Laws of the Society relative to the

election of the Council and Officers having been read,—

The President announced that since the balloting papers were

printed, Mr. Evans had informed the Council that want of leisure

would compel him to decline undertaking the office of Secretary,

and that the Council recommended that Mr. J. W. Douglas should

be elected in his stead.

The Auditor’s report was read, and during the ballot the Pre-

sident delivered an address, which he was requested to allow to

be printed. This he informed the Society he would cause to be

done at his own expense for distribution among the members and

their friends.

The Scrutineers announced that—

Th. Desvignes, Esq. J. Walton, Esq.

H. T. Stainton, Esq. G. R. Waterhouse, Esq.

had been elected into the Council in the room of—

A. Ingpen, Esq. J. F.S. Parry, Esq.

G. Newport, Esq. J. O. Westwood, Esq.

And that the following gentlemen were elected Officers for the

ensuing year :-—

G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., President ;

W. Yarrell, Esq., Treasurer ;

E. Doubleday, Esq.; J. W. Douglas, Esq., Secretaries.

A vote of thanks to the President for his great services to the

Society was carried by acclamation.

Votes of thanks were given to the Treasurer, the Secretaries

and the retiring Members of Council.

VOL. V. k

Ix PROCEEDINGS OF THE

5th February, 1849.

G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., President, in the Chair.

W.S. Dallas, F.L.S., Cloudesley Square, Islington, and

J. Lee, Esq., L.L.D., F.R.S., &c., Hartwell House, Aylesbury,

were elected members; and

G. Bedell, Esq., Kent Road;

H. Jobson, Esq., Carron, Stirlingshire ;

W. F. Saunders, Esq., East Hill, Wandsworth ;

W. Bell, Esq., M.D., Albemarle Street ;

were elected subscribers.

Exursitions, Memoirs, &c.

Mr. White, on behalf of Mr. Whittingham, exhibited a speci-

men of Velleius dilatatus found by that gentleman at the root of a

tree near Wanstead.

Mr. Westwood exhibited a larva, supposed to be that of Velleius

dilatatus, and also the larve of some species of Volucella, of which

numerous specimens had been found by Professor Henslow in a

hornet’s nest.

Mr. Westwood exhibited drawings of a new genus of Aphide,

which he proposed to call Smynthurodes Bete, having found them

living in small communities on the roots of the common beet in

January last.

Mr. H. T. Stainton exhibited specimens of the true Cucullia

Lactuce, which had been sent to Mr. Doubleday by M. A. Pierret ;

and he pointed out that they were clearly distinct from the variety

of Cucullia umbratica, which had been called by this name in

England.

Mr. Douglas exhibited living larve of one of the Tineide, found

feeding on the dried poppy leaves in a chest of opium; also spe-

cimens of what probably is the perfect insect of these larve.

He also exhibited a specimen of Gl@ea erythrocephala, (var.

glabra, Duponchel,) taken last autumn by H. Cooke, Esq., of

Brighton, being the first instance of its occurrence in England.

Capt. Parry exhibited, on behalf of Turner, Esq., of

Manchester, the specimen of Goliathus mentioned last year by

Dr. Schaum at the August meeting.

A communication was read from C. A. Wilson, Esq., of Ade-

Jaide, announcing that he sent a collection of insects from that

place to the Society, and also containing many interesting remarks

on their economy.

Mr. Gould mentioned that, in Australia, a species of Coccus

was the principal food of one of the Platycerci.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. lx

Mr. White exhibited a remarkable spider’s nest brought from

Jamaica by Mr. Gosse, which was very interesting, as serving both

for the receptacle for the eggs and the residence of the female.

A paper by Mr. Dallas, on some new Hemiptera from Bhotan,

was read.

Mr. W. W. Saunders read a monograph of the genus Lrycina,

containing descriptions of many new species, and illustrated by

two plates, which he presented to the Society.

5th March, 1849.

G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., President, in the Chair.,

H. F. Farr, Esq., Park Lane, Bath ;

J. H. Vaughan, Esq., Red Land, Bristol, and

W. J. Wild, Esq., Herne Hill, Camberwell,

were elected members; and

H. Cooke, Esq., 183, Western Road, Brighton ;

G. Ingall, Esq., 81, High Street, Borough ;

Thos. Ingall, Esq., 16, Park Road, Stockwell Park ;

A. Maitland, Esq., ‘Torrington Place, Torrington Square ;

were elected subscribers.

Exuripitions, Memotrs, &c.

Mr. Westwood informed the meeting that the vacancy at the

Berlin Museum, caused by the lamented death of Dr. Erichson,

had been filled up by the appointment of a local Entomologist,

whose name was all but unknown to science. Mr. Westwood

added, that he was sure that all present who knew Dr. Schaum

would lament that he had been passed over in the appointment to

a place for which his great talents so eminently fitted him.

Mr. Westwood read a letter from W. Atkinson, Esq., on the

subject of a larva which had done very great damage by destroy-

ing the corks of wine bottles, which Mr. Atkinson appeared to

consider Coleopterous, but which Mr. Westwood considered to be

identical with those exhibited by Mr. E. Doubleday last year,

which proved to be those of Gracillaria V. flava.

Mr. Bedell remarked, that though Gracillaria V. flava is very

common in wine vaults, he had always considered that the food of

its larvee was not the wine corks, but a fungus.

The President remarked, that he had found Trogosita Maurita-

nica feeding on cork.

Mr. Westwood exhibited drawings of a remarkable insect which

k .2

)xii PROCEEDINGS OF THE »*

had done much mischief to peach trees in forcing houses. It was

a small Aphis-like insect, probably in the pupa state, enclosed in

a cottony cocoon. It had, apparently, no mouth; in this respect

resembling the males of Coccus. Nothing similar, he remarked,

had yet been observed amongst the Aphide, whose pupe were

always active, and formed no cocoon.

Mr. E. Doubleday remarked, that Mr. Ingall had some time

since pointed out that the males of Lachnus Quercus had no mouth.

Mr. Bond exhibited a collection of insects formed on the Bun-

darra River, about 400 miles from Sydney, in which Mr. Westwood

pointed out some fine Pambori, two new species of Carenum, a new

species of Cerapterus, a new genus of Helopide, and many other

new or rare species.

Mr. White exhibited a specimen of a Cerapterus from Port Natal,

resembling C. Smithiz, but wanting the white spot on the elytra.

Mr. Westwood read a paper on a new genus of Helopide, for

which he proposed the name of Prophanes; also descriptions of

two new species of Carenum.

2nd April, 1849.

G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., President, in the Chair.

DonaTIONs.

Entomologische Zeitung, for 1848. Presented by the Ento-~

mological Society of Stettin.

The Athenzeum parts for 1848, as far as September. Pre-

sented by the Editor.

Four Volumes of the Transactions of the Literary and Philo-

sophical Society of Liverpool. Presented by that Society.

A most valuable Collection of Insects from Adelaide, South

Australia. Presented by C. A. Wilson, Esq.

A Collection of British Lepidoptera. Presented by H. T.

Stainton, Esq.

Edward Newman, Esq., F.L.S., F.Z.S., Hanover Street, Rye

Lane, Peckham, and

S. J. Wilkinson, Esq., of London,

were elected members; and

James L. Michael, Esq., Red Lion Square, London ;

Mrs. Vines, Lyndhurst, Hants;

J. P. G. Smith, Esq., Liverpool ;

John F. Burton, Esq., Lincoln ;

Nicholas Cooke, Esq., Warrington ;

were elected subscribers.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Ixiil

Exuisitions, Memoirs, &c.

Mr. Westwood read descriptions of two new genera of Coleop-

tera, for which he proposed the names of Erichsonia Dentifrons

and Cossyphodes Wollastonii; also descriptions of some new Indian

Hemiptera.

Mr. H. T. Stainton read an Inquiry from Herr Zeller on the

subject of the P. Cinaia of Linné, some doubts having been raised

as to its identity with our Melitea Cinzia. Mr. Stainton stated

that he had examined the specimen in the Linnzean Cabinet, which

is the species known to us as Melitea Cinxia, the P. Delia of the

Wiener Verzeichniss, and which still retains the label of Linné.

Mr. J. W. Douglas stated that he had recently been informed

by Mr. Doubleday that he had bred last year the rare Phoxopteris

upupana of Treitschke; and that Mr. B. Standish had last year

captured at Leith Hill the true P. Sauciana of Hubner.

Mr. J. F. Stephens exhibited a living specimen of Pyg@ra

Bucephala sent to him by Mr. Doubleday. -This specimen was

one of several which had been found last week at Epping, and

had been sent to him by Mr. Doubleday as a remarkable instance

of the early occurrence of the insect, the general time for its

appearance being June.

Mr. Westwood called the attention of the meeting to a specimen

of the rare Cerapterus Macleayw, which was amongst the insects

presented by Mr. Wilson; this species, though figured by Dono-

van some forty years ago, not having since occurred.

7th May, 1849.

G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., President, in the Chair.

M. Chevrolat, Vice-President of the Entomological Society of

France, was present at the meeting.

DoNaATIONS.

A cabinet of seventy-four drawers. Presented by F. Bond,

Esq.

Generum et Specierum Curculionidum Catalogus. By M. H.

Jekel. Presented by the Author.

Two Copies of a Systematic Catalogue of the British Tincidz

and Pterophoride. By H. T. Stainton, Esq. Presented by the

Author.

Ixiv PROCEEDINGS OF THE

The Athenzum, from October, 1848, to April, 1849, inclusive.

Presented by the Editor.

Du Systéme Nerveux chez les Invertébrés dans ses Rapports

avec la Classification de ces Animaux. Par M. Emile Blanchard.

Presented by the Author.

. Gear, Esq., 19, Oxford Square, Hyde Park ;

. S. Gregson, Esq., Liverpool ;

. B. Labrey, Esq., Manchester ;

.H. Allis, Esq., York ;

. Brown, Esq., Burton-on-Trent ;

. F. Logan, Esq., Duddingstone ;

. Ransome, Esq., F. L. S., F. Z. S., Ipswich ;

were elected subscribers; and

Herr Zeller of Glogau was elected an Honorary Member in

the room of C. J. Schonherr, deceased.

QreHmAanRaARD

Memoirs, Exursitions, &c.

Mr. S. Stevens exhibited the section of a stem of a thistle,

showing the pupz of Oncocera Cardui embedded in the pith on

which the larve feed.

Mr. Stainton exhibited, on behalf of Mr. T. H. Allis, a box

containing many specimens of Microlepidoptera from the collection

of Haworth. These specimens had enabled him to correct some

errors and toclear up many doubts in regard to some of Haworth’s

species.

Mr. J. W. Douglas exhibited some larve of a species of Por-

rectaria on the leaves of Ballota nigra, the parenchyma of which

they eat, leaving the cuticle, thus giving the foliage a blotched

appearance. These larve inhabit cases of a black colour formed

by them from portions of the leaves, enlarging them from time to

time as their growth requires it.

Mr. Douglas stated that in the place where he had found these

larvee he had last year found Porrectaria lineola, Steph., in pro-

fusion, and he supposed that these might be the larvz of that

species.

He also exhibited a specimen of Aphelosetia rufocinerea, Steph.,

reared from a pupa which he had found last March in a web on

the stem of the common dock at New Brighton. He considered

this fact interesting, as giving a clue to the history of a species

about whose habits nothing was known, and which, though com-

mon in England, seemed unknown on the Continent.

Mr. Hogg exhibited a portion of a very large nest of the com-

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. lxv

mon wasp, Vespa vulgaris, found in the roof of his house at Nor-

ton, Durham. From its enormous size Mr. Hogg was induced

to think that it must have been the work of more than one

season.

Mr. Dallas read a paper, accompanied by a figure, on a new

Hemipterous genus, for which he proposed the name of Urochela.

Mr. J. W. Douglas read a continuation paper on the genus

Gelechia of Zeller.

Mr. Westwood called the attention of the Society to the de-

scriptions and notices which he had published in his Introduction

and in the Journal of the Proceedings of this Society for July,

1847, of a minute but singular Hymenopterous insect, parasitic in

the nests of mason bees and wasps, to which he had applied the

name of Melittobia Audouini, having at the same meeting exhibited

specimens of the insect and drawings of the structural details.

The facts and characters given in these notices were sufficient, he

said, to identify the insect and to distinguish it from every known

species of the family to which it belongs. Notwithstanding this

Mr. Newport, who was present at that meeting, had recently read

a memoir on the same insect before the Linnean Society, and had

given it the name of Anthophorabia retusa, the description of

which, however, communicated by Mr. Newport to and published

in the Gardener’s Chronicle of the 24th of March last, was per-

fectly unintelligible, six out of nine of the characters being erro-

neous. The following Mr. Westwood considered to be the essen-

tial characters of the genus, which belongs to the Chalcidide.

«* Antenne maris 9-articulatz, articulo 1mo maximo, subtus ad

apicem excavato; articulis 4to, 5to, et Gto minimis: foeminz sim-

plices 8 articulate, articulis, in utroque sexu, apicalibus clavam

ovalem formantibus. Mas omnino cecus. Foemina oculis ocel-

lisque instructa. Ale maris abbreviate, foeminz magnitudinis

ordinariz, alze vena ordinaria Eulophorum typicorum instructa.

Tarsi 4-articulati. ;

** Habitat parasitica in nidis apum caementoriarum.”

Mr. Westwood added, that in the report of the proceedings of

the Linnean Society of May Ist (in the Gardener’s Chronicle of

the 6th instant), Mr. Newport was made to state that he (Mr.

Westwood) had mistaken the antenne of the larve of the Jchneu-

monide for ocelli, the fact being that although De Geer had de-

scribed these dark points as eyes, Mr. Westwood having in view

the structure of the head in the larvee of the saw flies, which have

both eyes and ocelli, and of the aculeate Hymenoptera having

neither, had expressly guarded himself from determining their

nature, and had simply said that they resembled eyes.

Ixvi PROCEEDINGS OF THE

4th June, 1849.

G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., President, in the Chair.

DonaTIONs.

The Transactions of the Zoological Society, Vol. 3, part 6;

and the Proceedings of that Society to December, 1848. By the

Zoological Society.

The following gentlemen were balloted for and elected :—

Francis Swanzy, Esq., of Dix Cove, as Corresponding Member ;

Joseph William Dunning, Esq., as Member; and

W. Michael, Esq., as Subscriber.

Exuisitions, Memoirs, &c.

A letter from Mr. Westwood to the President was read, stating

that after an attendance of five days at the Police Court, and four

days at the Old Bailey, he had succeeded in recovering the draw-

ings and coloured patterns of plates stolen from the Society’s

rooms, and now restored them to the Society. The thief, he

added, had been transported for fourteen years. A unanimous

vote of thanks was passed to Mr. Westwood for the trouble he

had taken in this matter.

Mr. Westwood brought for distribution specimens of Jlythia

sociella, which he had reared from the pupz. He exhibited a

mass of cocoons of this species which had fallen out of a tree,

and remarked that these coverings were double, each one having

a lining, and that they were open at one end.

Mr. Westwood also exhibited specimens of Ptinus hololeucus,

received from Mr. Hart of Knightsbridge, who found them in

open jars attached to his galvanic battery, in which a strong solu-

tion of silica was operated on by a galvanic current for a lengthened

period, and Mr. Hart thought that their presence was due to

galvanic agency. Several members stated that they had seen

these beetles in houses in London, and there did not appear to be

any ground for Mr. Hart’s opinion. Mr. Westwood stated that

Acarus Crossei, whose appearance had been believed to be due to

galvanism, had been produced without galvanic power, as recorded

in the Gardener’s Chronicle long since.

Mr. Weir exhibited a collection of Lepidoptera, taken within

the previous month near Tunbridge Wells, including some rare

Tinee ; also a Lobophora polycommata, found near Lewes on the

4th of May.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Ixvil

Mr. Moore exhibited some eggs found on the feathers of birds

in the aviaries at Knowsley. They appeared to belong to some

unknown parasite on birds.

Mr. S. Stevens exhibited a fine bred specimen of Hypena

crassalis ; the larva had fed on Vaccinium Myrtillus.

Mr. Douglas exhibited specimens of Coccyx Strobilana, L.,

and read a note of their habits as follows :—-

“ Early in May last year Messrs. Shepherd and Waring took

this species for the first time in this country in a fir plantation a

mile and a half beyond Croydon. I made several expeditions to

the place in the hope of getting it, but without success, until on

the 19th of May last year I saw it flying in plenty round the tops

of the spruce-firs in the hot sunshine, between the hours of ten

and one, and not afterwards; but I could only capture one occa-

sionally, as it descended within reach. Later in the day I beat

the trees all round without obtaining one, hence I conclude that it

remains and breeds in the higher branches. Mr. H. Doubleday

considers, and I think correctly, that this species is the true Tinea

Strobilella of Linné. Tortrix Strobilana of Haworth is the same

as Pseudotomia fraternana of Stephens, and the Coccyx splendidu-

lana of Guénée. It resembles the present species, but is smaller,

has not so many metallic markings, and is found on oaks.”

Mr. Douglas also exhibited a specimen of Retinia Turionana

(Tinea Turionella, L.), a species very rare in this country, taken

by him from a Scotch fir at Wickham wood on the 27th of May.

He also showed a specimen of Micropteryx Allionella, Fab. ( Tinea

Ammanella, Hiib.), a species that appeared to be more common in

the north than in the south of England.

Mr. Shepherd exhibited a remarkable variety of Arctia villica,

and specimens of Coccyx Strobilana, which he had reared from

cones of spruce fir, one of which he showed. The larve had fed

in the centre, changed to pupze about two inches from the apex,

and when ready to emerge in the perfect state these had worked

their way to the exterior along the tube they had previously

formed. Mr. Stephens said the larvae, pupe, and cone were

figured in Ledermiiller’s “* Mikroskopischke Gemuths und Augen

Ergobung,” vol. ii. tab. Ixiv., published in 1762.

Mr. Westwood read descriptions of two new exotic Coleoptera.

The Secretary read a paper by Mr. Th. Desvignes on Macrus

and Coleocentrus,—two of Gravenhorst’s subgenera of Zchneumons ;

and exhibited two specimens taken by Mr. Th. Desvignes at

Vienna.

Mr. Waterhouse submitted to the meeting his descriptions of

VOL. V. ]

Ixvill PROCEEDINGS OF THE

two insects which had been placed in his hands for examination

by Mr. Spence. These insects were sent to Mr. Spence by Dr.

Davy, from the island of Barbados, where, according to the

gentleman last mentioned, they do considerable mischief,—the

one (to which the name of T7ricorynus Zee is here applied) attack-

ing the grain of the common maize; the other (Cryptorhynchus

Batate) attacking the tubers of the sweet potatoe. The small,

white, hairy larva of the former insect lives in the grain of the

maize, precisely similar to a Bruchus larva, a habit in which the

Tricorynus Zee differs much from its allies, the species of Dor-

catoma and Anobium.

Genus TricoryNnus.

Antenne ten-jointed ; basal joint large (as long as the six fol-

lowing joints taken together), and dilated at the apex ; second

joint short, obconic ; third, and four following joints, small, and

nearly cylindrical; the third is about equal in length and breadth,

the others transverse; three terminal joints large, and much

dilated, on the inner side, the last joint elongated, rounded at the

apex, and gradually contracted in width towards the opposite ex-

tremity ; the two preceding joints nearly triangular. Pa/pi short,

with the terminal joint somewhat dilated at the extremity, and

truncated. Legs and tarsi simple; the tarsi small, short, 5-jointed ;

the basal joint the largest, the remaining joints successively smaller ;

claws minute. Head large, bent downwards; eyes nearly round,

being but indistinctly emarginated in front. Thorax transverse,

trisinuated behind; posterior angles rounded; the anterior sub-

acute. 5 pat

| Tricorynus Zee.

Brown, or pitchy black, imperfectly covered with an exceed-

ingly fine ashy pubescence ; antennz and legs pitchy red; thorax

transverse, posteriorly equal to the elytra in width, anteriorly

much contracted ; elytra rather longer than broad; the basal half

with the sides parallel, the apical portion rounded ; two or three

faint striz are observable near the lateral margin of each elytron,

beyond this there is no sculpturing.

Length 1# to 2 lines.

This insect greatly resembles certain species of Dorcatoma in

most of its characters, but differs in having ten, instead of nine,

joints to the antenna; it is rather larger than the Ochina ptinoides,

and is proportionately broader, and not quite so convex.

M. Chevrolat, to whom I exhibited this insect, said he thought

it was identical with Dejean’s Dorcatoma Muserum.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. ]xix

Cryptorhynchus Batate.

Cr. oblongo-ovatus, nigro-piceus, squamosus, supra spinulis

erectis nigris et pallidis obsitus; rostro brevi, crasso, arcuato,

ruguloso-punctato, carinato; dhorace rugoso-punctato, setis (ple-

rumque nigris) obsito, postice squamulis flavidis marginato, dorso

linea, punctisque parvulis, albis, notato; elytrzs ocellato-punctato-

striatis, interstitiis fere planis, fusco, nigro, alboque variegatis,

plaga communi, transversa, sordidé alba, subapicali, ornatis ;

JSemoribus indistinctée dentatis ; scuted/o minutissimo.

Long. corp. 2 lin.

Hab. Barbados.

This is a minute species of Cryptorhynchus, and differs some-

what from the type of the genus—if we regard the Cr. Lapathi as

such—though not sufficiently, as it appears to me, to require

removal from that section. Its form is more elongated, and its

scutellum is so minute as to require the aid of a strong lens to

detect it; the insect nevertheless has well developed wings: the

rostrum is stouter, and subdepressed, and is inserted in a very

deep rostral groove, which terminates between the coxz of the

anterior pair of legs; the scape of the antenne is shorter and

stouter, the basal joint of the funiculus is also stouter, the second

joint is of an elongate obconic form, the remaining joints are also

obconic, but very short; the club is tolerably developed, and

of a short ovate form; the femora are rather less stout, and very

indistinctly toothed beneath.

‘The head is covered chiefly with pale scales, but has two black

spots; the thorax is rather broader than long, rather suddenly

contracted in width from the middle to the fore part, and with the

lateral margins of the hinder half nearly parallel, being very slightly

rounded ; the upper surface is densely beset with short, stiff, erect

bristles, which are most of them black, but some few are white,

and are aggregated in parts so as to form small spots and a white

mesial line; the hinder margin is clothed with orange-yellow scales,

and these form a small spot near the scutellum. The elytra are

more than three times the length of the thorax, and about half as

wide again, the humeral angle is rounded, the sides nearly parallel,

except towards the apex, where they are rather suddenly con-

tracted, and obtusely rounded: they are covered with scales, some

of which are dirty white, others brown, and others black, producing

a variegated appearance ; in each of the tolerably large punctures

of the strize is a white scale: on the fourth interstice from the su-

ture is a small white spot, which is rather more conspicuous than

Ixx PROCEEDINGS OF THE

others ; it is situated above the middle of the elytron, and at a

short distance from the apex of the elytra is a conspicuous trans-

verse dirty white patch, in which is a waved black line. Besides

the scales there are scattered dark and pale hairs on the elytra.

On the under parts of the insect are scattered pale scales. The

limbs are clothed with setiform scales, most of which are pale.

Mr. Bond said, that he wished to put collectors on their guard,

as a dealer was selling pupe of Deilephila Galu as British, which

there was good reason to believe had been imported from the

continent.

July 2, 1849.

G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., President, in the Chair.

DownatTIONs.

On the Animals still found in a living State in the Stomachs of

Oysters. By the Rev. J. B. Reade. Presented by the Author.

Observations on the Application of Electricity, Galvanism and

Electro-Magnetism, as Auxiliaries to Medicine and Surgery; and

On the Closure or Obstruction of the Eustachian Tube. Both

presented by the Author, Mr. Wright.

Five of the publications of the Société de Physique et des

Sciences Naturelles, of Lyons. Presented by that Society.

A large collection of Java insects, from Mrs. Hofland, of Java.

Presented through Wm. Spence, Esq.

The thanks of the Society were given to the respective donors.

James B. Ellman, of Rye,

R. A. Ogilvie, of London,

James Bladon, of Pont-y-Pool, and

G. M. Salt, of Shrewsbury, Esqrs.,

were balloted for and elected Subscribers.

Exursitions, Memoirs, &c.

Mr. Weir exhibited specimens of Gelechia Lappella, bred from

burdock heads; Antithesia Capreana, reared from sallow leaves ;

and Sericoris signatana, which appeared in a cage containing leaves

from several plants. Mr. Douglas observed, that the breeding of

G. Lappella was particularly interesting, inasmuch as a doubt had

arisen whether this species—which was identical with Recurvaria

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. xxi

silacea of Haworth and the Cleodora silacella of Stephens — was

the same as R. silacea, var. 3. of Haworth (Cleodora falciformis

of Stephens, G. paucipunctella of Zeller); and as Mr. Weir had

reared but this one species from burdock heads, and the observa-

tions of continental Entomologists, as communicated by Herr Zeller,

went to prove that Lappella and paucipunctella were distinct spe-

cies, the opinion of Mr. Stainton that they were not different was

erroneous. Mr. Stainton said he was convinced, and withdrew

what he himself had called his ‘ bold assertion.”

Mr. Wing exhibited specimens of Depressaria conterminella, bred

from osier leaves.

Mr. W. Michael exhibited a fine Deilephila Euphorbie taken at

Caen Wood on the 22nd June.

Mr. S. Stevens exhibited several species of Lepidoptera taken

about St. Osyth, in Essex, including an apparently new Lozotenia ;

also several species found on the coast beyond Southend, including

Gelechia pictella and a new Psyche,—the same as found in the Isle

of Sheppy by Mr. Ingall, and which Mr. Newman had proposed

to call retiella.

Mr. Stainton exhibited a species of Tineide new to Britain,

(Nepticula argyropeza of Zeller,) taken near Sheffield, and an

Aichmia from West Wickham wood. He also exhibited, from the

collection of Mr. Allis, Argyresthia Sorbiella, taken on mountain

ash, and a new Tinea allied to masculella.

Mr. Bond exhibited some Coleopterous Jarvee which had caused

great destruction among the tares, at Newton, in Cambridgeshire.

He also said a specimen of Nascia citialis had been found in the

same locality,—a species which had remained unique since first

taken by the Rev. G. Blunt, many years since.

Mr. Westwood exhibited four species of Pausside from Port

Natal; also an Elater from Italy, brought thence by Mr. Fortnum,

who had remarked quantities of males attracted to and flying round

a female, after the manner of Bombyces.

The President had once observed several males of Ptenicerus

sanguinicollis, fully developed, under the bark of a tree, but not

one female was visible, until he found some deep in the wood,

and which, although mature, not having emerged into activity,

the males appeared to be waiting for.

Mr. Westwood exhibited a piece of pound-cake infested to the

centre with Myrmica domestica, and it was remarkable that at this

season, when swarms of winged females appeared, all those herein

were apterous.

Mr. Westwood also exhibited a box containing a collection of

Ixxil PROCEEDINGS OF THE

anglers’ flies, arranged according to the times of their appearance.

It was interesting to find that the ‘gray drake” and “ green drake”

were but sexes of one species, and to be able to identify the species

of the ‘stone flies.”

Mr. Westwood showed some flies and their eggs, part of a cluster

of sixty or seventy found in a tuft of hawthorn, about twelve miles

from Derby, and sent to him by Mr. Spencer, who had remarked

that each fly seemed to remain as a protector over the eggs it had

deposited. They were identified as Atheryx Ibis.

A letter to Mr. Westwood, from Colonel Hearsey, now in India,

was read, detailing, among other interesting matters, some ento-

mological observations that his constant occupation with military

duties had not hindered him from making.

The following observations on the influence of slight changes

of temperature on butterflies, by John Davy, Esq., M.D., F.R.S.,

&c., in a letter addressed to W. Spence, Esq., were read :—

«« Lesketh How, Ambleside,

June 16th, 1849.

“¢ My dear Sir,—It was from you I learnt that no exact ther-

mometrical observations had yet been published on the degrees of

temperature at which hybernating insects, or those having pro-

perties analogous, pass from a torpid to an active state, and

consequently, that a record of any such observations, made with

exactness, would not be devoid of interest.

“The observations which I have hitherto made on this subject

have been chiefly confined to two species of butterfly, viz. Vanessa

Urtice and Io. ‘These I shall briefly relate.

‘“ The first-named butterfly I found active within doors in a

window on the 18th of last March, when the weather was unsually

mild for the season. It was in untarnished beauty, as if fresh from its

puparium. It was placed in a thin glass vessel, and lightly covered

with paper, so as to prevent its flight, and yet allow of a sufficient

access of air. ‘Thus confined, it was put into a dark cupboard, the

temperature of which, even when there was a fire in the room,

was below 60° Fahrenheit. It remained alive about a month, and

during that time it was observed almost daily, and occasionally

oftener,—two or three times in the same day, and its place

changed. The following are the only notes that were taken down,

showing the effects of changes of temperature, in rendering it ac-

tive from being torpid, and vice versd.

‘«* April 11th.—Since first taken it has been found torpid at 58°,

as if dead, showing no indications of life even when shaken; at

64°, or thereabouts, it has become active, and that even when

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Ixxili

brought from darkness into an obscure light,—the mere degree

of light, apart from heat, seeming to have little effect: replaced

where the temperature was about 58°, and observed an hour or

two afterwards, it was found to have resumed its torpid state.

* April 14,—Found it standing, risen from having been recum-

bent on its side, but not active ; temperature of the dark cupboard

then 59°.

“ April 18.—At 60° it was torpid: it seemed indeed dead, and

showed no signs of life till the temperature was raised to about

75° by placing it on a stove; after a few minutes at this tempera-

ture it exhibited marks of languid life, by a tremulous motion and

partial opening of its wings. Two days later it was found dead.

** Another butterfly of the same kind was found active on the

28th of April, at a temperature of 62°. It became torpid at 56°.

“* May Ist.—It was found torpid at 58°; it became active at

63°, On the following day it was not roused by a temperature of

95°; it was dead.

«A Vanessa Jo was found torpid on a garden walk, when the

temperature on the 29th of April (the morning of the day on which

it was found) must have been below 40°; was placed under the

same circumstances for observation.

“On the 2nd of May it was torpid at 59°: after ten minutes at

66° it became active.

“ May 4th.—Torpid at 62° in the dark; after a few minutes’

exposure to a temperature of 67° in light it became active.

“ May 11th.—Torpid at 57°; slightly active at 63°; became

again torpid by a reduction of temperature to about 60°.

“ May 13th.—Torpid at 57°; on exposure to a dull light at

61° it rose on its feet, before recumbent on its side, showing when

thus standing only slight marks of vitality ; yet ina few minutes,

after gently touching its antennz, and breathing on it, it became

pretty active.

“* May 15th.—Torpid at 58° in the dark; became active in a

few minutes at 62° in a dull light, the sky being overcast. Two

days after it was found dead at a temperature of 59°, its wings

expanded, seeming to denote that it had not died in a torpid

state.

“In describing the above observations I have used the word

torpid rather than a state of sleep, from the belief that the butter-

flies, the subjects of them, were, when motionless, not under the

influence of sleep, but of that kind of torpor to which certain

animals are subject in their hybernating condition,—one in which

the vital functions are all but suspended, and in consequence the

Ixxiv PROCEEDINGS OF THE

corporeal waste is very small,—permitting retention of life without

the use of food,—the object, no doubt, for which the hybernating

faculty is by nature intended. All that came under my notice in the

instances of these butterflies seemed to accord with this view, such

as the rapid transition from activity of organs to rest, and that so

perfect, as to simulate death on reduction of a few degrees of

temperature ; and the length of time life was sustained without

the support of food, that is, compared with the time insects of the

same family live at a high and uniform temperature in a state not

of torpor, when confined and deprived of food: thus, in Barbados,

butterflies so confined I have commonly found dead in two or

three days.

* It is my intention, if leisure and opportunities permit, to pro-

secute the subject further, and to make some experiments on the

effects of gasses not capable of supporting life on such insects

which seem to have the power of hybernating. Should the results

be at all decisive, I shall have pleasure in communicating them to

you, to dispose of like the present, as you may think best.

“ T am, my dear Sir,

Yours very truly,

J. Davy.”

6th August, 1849.

J. F. Stephens, Esq., F.L.S., Vice-President in the Chair,

DonatIoNs.

A quantity of interesting insects of India, collected and pre-

sented by Captain Hutton.

A specimen of Sirex gigas, found boring in wood. Presented

by Mr. Lamb, Hurstbourne Park, Whitchurch, Hants.

Six specimens of Lixus angustatus, from Hastings, and Har-

palus tardus ? from near Northampton. Presented by the Rev.

Hamlet Clark.

A Memoir on the Circulation in the Larve of Insects, by

M. Verloren, Docteur-en-Sciences, Utrecht. Presented by the

Author.

Transactions of the Tyneside Naturalists’ Field-Club, vol. i.

part 3. Presented by the Club.

Nya Svenska Homoptera beskrifna, af Carl H. Boheman,

Presented by the Author.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Ixxv

Entomologische Zeitung, February to June. Presented by the

Entomological Society of Stettin.

The Zoologist, January to June. Presented by Edward New-

man, Esq.

Nine portraits of living naturalists. Presented by G. Ransome,

Esq., Ipswich.

Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society, vol. x. part 1.

Presented by that Society.

The thanks of the Society were returned for these presents to

the respective Donors.

F. Barlow, Esq., of Cambridge, was elected a Subscriber.

Exuisitions, Memoirs, &c.

Mr. Bond exhibited Chilo gigantellus, W. V. (punctigerellus,

Steph.), Chilo mucronellus, Nascia cilialis, Zeuzera Arundinis,

male, Harpalyce sagittata, and an unknown Eupithecia, all taken

in the fens of Huntingdonshire and Cambridgeshire.

Mr. Shepherd exhibited some rare Lepidoptera from Yaxley,

including Zeuzera Arundinis, female, Recurvaria falciformis of

Haworth, Tinea Monachella, and several new or rare species of

Micro- Lepidoptera ; also Lithosia pygmeola, taken at Deal.

Mr. Samuel Stevens exhibited several interesting Tortrices and

Tinee, taken near London, or bred from larvee; the latter mostly

found on sallows at Wimbledon Common.

Mr. Smith exhibited a collection of Hymenoptera, taken near

London, including Allantus dispar, Melecta Atropos, all the four

British species of Saropode@, and Miscophus bicolor, male ; also

five specimens of Osmia pilicornis—the new species described by

Mr. Smith—from Birch Wood.

Mr. Westwood exhibited the larve of a Proctotrupes, found

parasitic in the larva of a Harpalus.

Mr. Douglas exhibited a collection of Lepidoptera he had taken

near Weymouth, in July, including Pamphila Acteon from the

Burning Cliff, Margaritia longipedalis, Gelechia obsoletella, ¥.v. R.,

and Homeosoma nimbella? near Sandsfoot Castle; also Margaritia

asinalis, M. flavalis, M. ochrealis, Emmelesia rusticata, Ptycho-

poda degeneraria (two), Pempelia carnella, Gelechia cinerella, and

other rarities from the Isle of Portland.

Mr. Westwood exhibited some interesting insects received from

M. Reich, including several rarities from New Holland, and three

new Pausside from Africa.

VOL, V. m

Ixxvi PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Mr. S. Saunders exhibited insects from Greece and Albania,

including a new genus of Strepsipltera parasitic upon a species of

Hyleus, being the first instance known of this genus of bees being

so affected. Mr. Saunders stated that he kept a specimen of

Parmena fasciata alive for two months without food.

Mr. S. Stevens exhibited Hectera Esmeralda, which he had

received from Mr. Wallace, now at Para.

A paper on two new exotic Hymenoptera, with figures of the

insects, by Mr. Smith, was read.

Notes by Captain Hutton, on some of the insects sent by him

to the Society, were read.

Mr. Westwood mentioned that the Rev. F. W. Hope had pre-

sented his library and collections to the University of Oxford, in

aid of the movement now making by the University to encourage

the study of the natural sciences.

3rd September, 1849.

G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Donations.

Entomologische Zeitung, for July; by the Entomological So-

ciety of Stettin.

The Zoologist, July to September. By Edward Newman,

Esq.

Reports of the Smithsonian Institution, to January, 1849, and

vol. i. of the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. By the

Smithsonian Institution.

Reports of the Council and Auditors of the Zoological Society.

By that Society.

Six specimens of Peronea permutana. By C.8. Gregson, Esq.,

by whom they were captured at New Brighton, Cheshire.

The thanks of the Society were given to the respective Donors.

Henry Ingall, Esq., Glengall Grove, Old Kent Road, was

elected a Subscriber.

Exuisitions, Memoirs, &c.

Mr. 8. Stevens exhibited some rare insects taken at Dover and

Deal, including Gelechia Neuropterella, Lixus bicolor (alive) from

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Ixxvil

the sand-hills, and Choragus Sheppardi from dead wood in hedges ;

also Sitaris humeralis, found on the wall of his own garden at

Hammersmith,

Mr. F. Smith exhibited some cells apparently formed of clay,

made by Geotrupes stercorarius.

Mr. Westwood exhibited specimens of a species of Aphis, which

he had described in the Gardener’s Chronicle under the name

of Pemphigus Lactuce. It had recently destroyed whole beds of

lettuces, in various parts of England, by feeding on the roots of

the plants. He also exhibited a living Sirex Juvencus, and noticed

its bold attitude when disturbed, likewise the adaptation of its

limbs for progressive motion in a cylindrical burrow. He also

exhibited a piece of wood with several of the burrows formed by

this species, a specimen of which just developed was seen-in one

of them; in another burrow was a living larva; specimens of

Sirex gigas had been produced from the same piece of wood,

which was forwarded by Mr. Lamb from Hampshire. He also

exhibited specimens of Scleroderma, male, with drawings and

dissections, from which and the observations of 8. Saunders, Esq.,

by whom they were captured in Albania, it was proved that the

insects, doubtfully described by Mr, Westwood in the second

volume of the Entomological Society’s Transactions as the males

of Scleroderma, do not belong to that genus. He likewise showed

specimens of the rare Australian Paragia tricolor (from his own

collection), described by Mr. Smith at the August meeting, upon

the relation of which to the aberrant Vespid@ he made some ob-

servations. Also specimens, with drawings and dissections, of

two species of a new Australian genus of bees allied to Colletes

and Hylus (from his own collection), one species of which Mr.

F. Smith stated was in the collection of the British Museum, from

which collection he had described it. Also a larva of one of the

larger Harpalide, which had been destroyed by the larve of a

parasitic Proctotrupes, about thirty of which had burst out of its

body in various parts, and had then become naked pupz, attached

by the extremity of their bodies to their dead victim.

Mr. Shepherd exhibited a living larva of Anesychia dodecea,

from Darenth Wood; also Crambus aridellus, female, Oncocera

lotella, Depressaria nanatella, and other rare Lepidoptera, from

Deal.

Mr. Stainton read a paper “On the Laws regulating Entomo-

logical Nomenclature,” of which the following is an extract :-—

‘In nomenclature it is of the greatest importance that entomo-

logists be unanimous, for if each one choose to call one insect by

m 2

Ixxvill PROCEEDINGS OF THE

a different name, and persist in so calling it, what an endless con-

fusion must arise!

“Let us examine a little what are the fundamental laws of

entomological nomenclature.

«I, The name first given to an insect by printed publication is

always that which is to be retained.

«As a general law this is not denied; indeed it is the funda-

mental rule in all branches of Natural History; but there are

certain exceptions raised to this rule by some Lepidopterologists.

“Ist. That a name, if erroneously given or ungrammatically

constructed, may be amended or changed.

“2nd. That no two species of the same main group should

bear the same specific name.

“3rd. That the name of a Geometra must end in aria, of a

Pyralis in alis, of a Tortrix in ana, of a Tinea in ella.

‘“‘ We will examine these three exceptions seriatim.

“Ist. d name, if erroneously given or ungrammatically con-

structed, may be amended or changed.

‘‘ Thus, as the Linnean 7inea Padella does not feed on Prunus

padus, and another allied species does feed on it, two eminent

German Lepidopterologists have conceived themselves at liberty

to change its name, and while one calls it agnatella, the other

calls it variabilis. Herein both are manifestly wrong; and I be-

lieve all Entomologists will agree with me, that to change a name

because it is iIncorrect,—whether, as in this instance, from its

implying a habit which the insect does not possess,—whether

from its not possessing some peculiar termination,—or whether

from its being erroneously or ungrammatically constructed,—is to

enter an interminable waste of complexity ; for how are persons

to be persuaded to agree as to what constitutes an incorrectness ?

The meaning or formation of a name is of incomparably less im-

portance than the acceptance of the name itself, the change of a

name being a greater evil than the currency of one erroneously or

ungrammatically constructed.

* 2nd. No two species in the same main group should bear the

same specific name.

“7 ask why? and am told it creates confusion. Are, then,

Lepidopterists so much more subject to be confused by repetition

of names than students in other branches of Natural History? In

Botany have we not, for instance, an alpina in numberless genera?

and is it not simpler for the memory to retain this name than if

we had a different specific name in each genus, intended to desig-

nate an alpine habitat for the plant? And turning to insects, how

=“

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Ixxix

often in Coleoptera do brevipes, rufipes, &c., occur in the same

main groups!

‘Yet it creates confusion to have a Peronea rufana and a Car-

pocapsa rufana, and the Jatter must change its name and become

Westnoodiana! How do we know it will retain that name?

Perchance, before the publication of that name, a Lepidopterist in

New York, Sydney, Calcutta or Kamschatka, has described an

Eupecilia by the name of Westwoodiana; a new name is then

selected for the unfortunate Carpocapsa, which might perhaps

again have to undergo the same fate; in short, the poor insect

seems likely never to attain that essential requisite, a fixed name,

—when lo! a fortunate chance enables a Swedish student to re-

cognize as a Linnean species the Peronea rufana, W. V. Of

course this rwfana is now dropped for the older name, and the

unfortunate Carpocapsa is allowed quietly to regain its cast-off

clothing.

“IT now ask which creates most confusion ?

“But why should there be more confusion between Peronea

rufana and Carpocapsa rufana than between Pieris Crategi and

Trichiura Crategi, or between Thecla Quercts, Smerinthus Quercts

and Lasiocampa Quercés ? I am told that the limits of our genera

are so uncertain that Peronea rufana and Carpocapsa rufana might

be placed in the same genus. Well! when that does happen it

will be time enough to change one of them; to change it on the

mere contingency is making present confusion to prevent some

future confusion, which may perhaps never come to pass.

* 3rd. The name of a Geometra must end in aria, of a Pyralis in

alis, of a Tortrix in ana, of a Tinea in ella.

“Well! this is creeping into a corner with a vengeance: we

begin with a rule general to all branches of Natural History; to

this one objection is raised, applying only to one order of insects ;

and here we have another objection, actually applying to only a

portion of that one order. Truly this absurdity has no limits!

“* Now I confess myself at a loss how to argue this last point,

for I have in vain applied for a reason for this objection, and the

only reply that I have ever yet been able to get is, that it 1s con-

venient by the termination to know at once to what group an

insect belongs: then why not apply it to the other groups?

Moreover, if alis implies a Pyralis, what is Bombycia viminalis ?

If anus, ana, implies a Toririz, what are Pamphila sylvanus, Nu-

daria mundana and Lithosia complana? If ellus, ella, implies a

Tinea, what are Deilephila porcellus, Deiopeia pulchella, Cybosia

mesomella and Setina irrorella ?

Ixxx PROCEEDINGS OF THE

“T should have imagined that the advocates of this system of

uniformity might have quoted the example of Linnzeus; but he

had two terminations for the Geometre,—aria and ata,—and as

the objectors of the present day have thought fit to change all his

ata’s into aria’s, not even being aroused from the folly of their

theory by the fact of Prunata of Linnzus becoming thereby a

dropped name, there being already a Prunaria, they cannot quote

his example as any argument on their side; and it does not appear

that Linnzeus laid down any rules on this subject; he merely gave

to his Geometre with pectinated antenne the termination aria,—

to those with simple antennz the termination ata,—to the Pyrales

the termination alis,—to the Tortrices the termination ana,—and

to the Zinee the termination ella; but that he intended these

rules to be so rigid that an insect named as a Timea should, on

being found to be a Tortrix, change its termination, we are surely

not warranted to believe. Why should not Pomonella and Tu-

rionella retain the names that Linnzeus gave them? Moreover, if

Turionella becomes—as a Tortrix—Turionana, what becomes of

its parasite, Jchneumon Turionelle ? Besides the last innovation,

the change of the ata’s into aria’s has been of such recent occur-

rence, that if tamely submitted to as an inevitable infliction, it will

probably tempt some future writer to give uniform terminations

to the Noctue or other groups of the Lepidoptera.

* The second fundamental law of Entomological nomenclature

is—

‘‘ II. No two species in the same genus should bear the same

specific name.

* T am told this is a truism, and needs no argument; but unless

it is adopted, and the first primary law only is considered, we

should be obliged to restore to (Depressaria) Hypericella, Hbn.,

the older name of Liturella, Hbn., there being already a Liturella,

W.V., in the genus Depressaria: in fact, this law is the only ad-

missible exception to the first law.

* Since writing the above, my attention has been called to a

‘ Report on the Laws of Zoological Nomenclature,’ published in

the “ Proceedings of the British Association,’ in 1842, and I find

that the following rules were there laid down.

the describer of a species should be permanently retained, to the

exclusion of all subsequent synonyms (with the exceptions about

to be noticed).

“2, The binomial nomenclature having originated with Linnzus,

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Ixxxi

the law of priority in respect to nomenclature is not to extend to

the writings of antecedent authors.

“10. A name should be changed which has before been pro-

posed for some other genus in Zoology or Botany, or for some

other species in the same genus, when still retained for such genus

or species.

“11, A name may be changed when it implies a false proposi-

tion which is likely to propagate important errors.

published work should be changed for the earliest name by which

the object shall have been so defined.

“13. A new specific name must be given to a species when

its old name has been adopted for a genus which includes that

species,

“14, In writing Zoological names, the rules of Latin orthogra-

phy must be adhered to.

‘“‘ Of these rules, the first two will be unhesitatingly assented to

as axioms. Rules 3 to 9 inclusive are applicable to genera only,

not to species, and thus do not come within the limits of my pre-

sent inquiry. Rule 10 is identical with my second law, ‘that no

two species in the same genus should bear the same specific name.’

Rule 11 is the first from which I dissent, ‘a name may be changed

when it implies a false proposition which is likely to propagate

important errors.’ This, we are told, ‘is a concession to human

infirmity,’ but I beg leave to decline this concession. The report

adds, ‘Instances of this kind are indeed very rare, and in some

eases, such as that of Monodon, Caprimulgus, Paradisea apoda and

Monoculus, they have acquired sufficient currency no longer to

cause errors, and are therefore retained without change. But

when we find a Batrachian reptile named, in violation of its true

affinities, Mastodon saurus, a Mexican species termed (through

erroneous information of its habitat) Picus cafer, or an olive-

coloured one Muscicapa atra,—or when a name is derived from

an accidental monstrosity, as in Picus semirostris of Linnaeus and

Helix disjuncta of Turton, we feel justified in cancelling these

names, and adopting that synonym which stands next in point of

date.’ And again, ‘ At the same time we think it right to remark

that this privilege is very liable to abuse, and ought therefore to

be applied only to extreme cases, and with great caution. With

these limitations we may concede that a name may -be changed

when it implies a false proposition which is likely to propagate

important errors.’ In the first place, there is here no positive rule

laid down; and unless a rule is fixed and definite, of what use is

Ixxxil PROCEEDINGS OF THE

it? In the second place, who is to decide when a name is or is

not likely to propagate important errors? A very large propor-

tion of insects are named after plants on which they do not feed :

but as a name is not meant to be a description, why change it

because if viewed as a description it is found incorrect. Rule 12,

which throws down manuscript names, or names published in a

Catalogue (without any description), is a regulation quite in ac-

cordance with my own views. Rule 13 having been generally

adopted in past cases, and being not likely to be called into use in

future, may safely be conceded: thus, instead of Cossus cossus, L.,

we say Cossus Ligniperda, F. Rule 14, ‘ In writing Zoological

names the rules of Latin orthography must be adhered to.’ This

is a very good rule for authors to observe, but of doubtful appli-

cability to the past, especially when we find it recommended that

‘ when a name has been erroneously written, and its orthography

afterwards amended, we conceive that the authority of the original

author should still be retained for the name, and not that of the

person who makes the correction.’ Are we then to say Sulzeriella

of Linnzeus, Christiernini of Linneeus, Tapetiella of Linnzeus, such

names not occurring in Linneeus at all? instead of Sulzella, Chris-

teernana, Tapezella: surely this would be making confusion, not

lessening it.

“IT cannot conclude this paper without a few words in reply to

the facetious remarks of the Editor of the ‘ Zoologist,’ (Zool. 2549).

He states that the novelties in the laws to which his remarks refer

will not be attended to: now I utterly deny that they contain any

novelties. Let us see if we can find one. Is it in Law No. l,

that ‘the name first given to an insect by printed publication is

always that which is to be retained’? Surely this is no novelty ;

for I observe in the ‘ Zoologist,’ (Zool. 2136), the words, ‘I can-

not pronounce too emphatically that priority is the only law I can

ever consent to acknowledge in the nomenclature of species,’ and

they are followed by the signature, ‘ Edward Newman.’ Is the

novelty in Law No. 2, that ‘ No two species in the same genus

should bear the same specific name’? Having been told by so

many parties that is an axiom and a truism, I cannot surely believe

there is any novelty in it. Law No. 3 is no new law, but merely

a deduction from Law No.1; and any one fully granting Law

No. } cannot dispute this law. The writer further adds, that in

these laws ‘there are: good points, but none of these have the

charm of novelty, neither do they require re-enactment.’ It must

surely have escaped his notice, perhaps in the hurry of the moment,

that an attempt is being made to supersede the law of priority in

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Ixxxill

certain groups of Lepidoptera, by a law (by many people considered

a novelty) of uniform terminations: I and others, therefore, deemed

it necessary to remind the authors of this crotchet of the law of

priority, by proposing to re-enact it.”

Mr. Westwood said he was opposed to the rigid adoption of

uniform terminations of names, and he respected the law of priority

of name generally, but he thought that a name might be changed

with advantage if it gave a wrong idea of the food of an insect.

Thus, he would substitute Rosana for Quercana if an insect so

named were found to feed on the rose and not on the oak.

The President thought uniform terminations of names not im-

portant, and there was no rule laid down for them, but as their

use in certain groups had become common it might be as well'to

continue the practice. He also thought that the rule of priority

ought to be observed, but he would except cases of manifest

orthographical error, and such names as would give a wrong idea

of the geography of species.

Mr. Douglas thought that the adoption of uniform terminations

to specific names in a portion of one order was unphilosophical

and puerile. With reference to the objections of Messrs. West-

wood and Waterhouse, that a name conveying a wrong idea of

habit or country should be altered, he did not see much force in

them, because the student of Natural History—the only person to

whom such a thing could be deemed to be of importance—would

always look farther than the name; and as every Entomologist

might have an objection to raise if these were allowed, none what-

ever should be admitted, but the law of priority held inviolable.

Mr. Westwood stated, with reference to an inquiry in the

“ Zoologist” as to the best pins for Micro-Lepidoptera, that Sena-

tor Van Heyden used very fine silver wire, the chief advantage

of which was its non-liability to corrosion.

A conversation then arose on the subject of setting Micro-

Lepidoptera flat, in the course of which Mr. Westwood said the

flat was preferable to the deflected method in other orders besides

Lepidoptera, and that Mr. Shuckard had long since shown how

much better the characters of the wings of Hymenoptera were ex-

hibited if they were in a horizontal position.

Ixxxiv PROCEEDINGS OF THE

1st October, 1849.

H. T. Stainton, Esq., in the Chair.

DonatTIONs.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered

to be given to the respective Donors thereof.

Catalogue of the Calcutta Public Library.

Report of the Librarian of the same, for 1847 and 1848. Pre-

sented by the Curators of that library.

“The Athenzum,” for May, June, July and August. Pre-

sented by the Editor.

Six specimens of Agrophila sulphuralis, from Brandon, Suffolk.

Presented by Mr. Dunning.

The following gentlemen were elected Corresponding Members

of the Society :

E. Goding, Esq., M.D., Barbadoes.

R. B. Walcott, Esq., M.D., Barbadoes.

Grant Thomas, Esq., Barbadoes.

Daniel Blair, Esq., Surgeon-General, British Guiana.

Captain Hamilton, Madras,

Exurtsitions, Memorrs, &c.

Mr. Stainton exhibited a small species of Tineide, of remark-

able structure, new to Britain, communicated by Mr. Henry

Doubleday.

Mr. Westwood stated, that the species of Aphides found on the

lettuce, recently described by him under the name of Pemphigus

Lactuce, had been previously noticed by Sir O. Mosley in the

Gardener’s Chronicle, and by the Rev. L. Jenyns in his Obser-

vations on Natural History.

A specimen of Cosmopteryx pedella, Linn. (angustipennella,

Hiubner,) a species of 7imeid@ new to this country, was exhibited

on the part of Mr. Dunning, from Brandon, Suffolk.

Messrs. Michael, G. Ingall and H. Ingall, having been pre-

viously elected Subscribers, signed the obligation-book of the So-

ciety, and were admitted by the Chairman.

Mr. Dallas read the continuation of a paper on the Hemiptera

of Boutan, in the East Indies; and Mr. Westwood read a paper

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Ixxxv

containing descriptions of various new exotic Diptera, including a

species of the remarkable genus Achias, from India.

November 5, 1849.

G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., President, in the Chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered

to be given to the respective Donors :

Ten portraits of modern naturalists. Presented by G. Ran-

some, Esq. of Ipswich.

Kaferfauna der Preuszischen Rheinlande, vol. i., 8vo. Pre-

sented by M. Bach, the author.

Insectes Coléopteres de la Sibérie Orientale nouveaux ou peu

connus. Presented by M. le Comte Mannerheim, the author.

Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle de

Genéve, tom. xii. partie Ire.

Observations Astronomiques faites dans 1847 et 1848, a l’Ob-

servatoire de Genéve, Supp. 1 et 2. Presented by the Société de

Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle de Genéve.

Exuisitions, Memorrs, &c.

Mr. Bond exhibited bred specimens of Chilo gigantellus (male

and female), two singular varieties of Nonagria Typhe, and three

new Tineide.

Mr. Ingpen exhibited some fossil wings of insects, chiefly

Phryganeide, from the insect-limestone of Gloucestershire.

Mr. Stainton exhibited Argyresthia Spiniella, Zeller, and A.

amiantella, Z.? observing that in the latter the palpi were much

longer than in Ocnerostoma Piniariella, which in appearance it

much resembled. The former of these species was taken by

Mr, Stainton, at Torwood, in Stirlingshire; the latter by Mr.

Dunning, at Brandon. He also exhibited a leaf of the sallow

rolled up by the larva of Gracillaria stigmatella; leaves of Hype-

“ricum pulchrum rolled up by Gracillaria auroguttella? ; pupee of

Lithocolletis Schreberella in leaves of elm, and of L. Alnifoliella,

six in one leaf of alder: he observed, that as alders grow in wet

places, the leaves would fall in many instances into water, and

Ixxxvi PROCEEDINGS OF THE

the pups existing in them between the cuticles be destroyed,

which would account for the comparative rarity of the perfect

insect.

Mr. S. Stevens exhibited a living specimen of Lamia teztor,

found by Mr. Barton in an osier bed, near Bristol, and fed for

two months on osier leaves.

Mr. W. W. Saunders exhibited some tobacco, imported in

bales from South America, which had been fed upon by the larvee

of Lasioderma testaceum, Steph. He observed that only the thin

portions of the leaf were eaten, and that the amount of damage

done to the tobacco was considerable. It was noticed that the

destructive qualities of this Lastoderma to capsicum and shumac

had been exhibited to the Society in 1847, and that the species

had a wide range of food.

Mr. Shepherd exhibited a long series of Peronea tristana, Hib.,

bred from larvee found on Viburnum Lantana. This species has

been known in our collections under the names of trigonana,

plumbosana, Boscana and Logiana, all of which it was now shown

were but varieties of one species. It was also interesting to find

that there was not among them any of the varieties of ferrugana,

W. V. (gnomana, Haw.), which is considered on the Continent to

be synonymous with tristana, Hub.

Captain Parry exhibited a box of splendid insects from Cay-

enne.

Mr. Douglas exhibited a fine Dedlephila Celerio, found by a

child in a garden at Folkestone, on 23rd October; also several

Tineide, beaten out of thatch in the neighbourhood of Folkestone:

the most worthy of note were Gelechia vilella, Depressaria rolun-

della, D. depressana, Fab. (Bluntu, Curtis), D. ultimella and sub-

propinquella.

Mr. Westwood exhibited, from the collection of Mr. Melly,

some small Coleoptera from Melbourne, South Australia, including

ten species of Pselaphide, one of which appeared to be of the

genus Articerus of Dalman, said by that author to have been found

in amber, and remarkable for having only one joint to the an-

tenn: the present specimens were found in the centre of nests of

black ants, three to six at a time, but not frequently occurring,

Mr. Westwood also exhibited, from Mr. Melly’s collection, two

Goliath beetles from Tropical America: they were two distinct

species of the genus Dicranorhina, closely resembling each other,

and hitherto confounded under the name of G. micans, Drury.

He read the following description of each:

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, Ixxxvil

D. micans, Drury.

D. aureo-viridis, tarsis (articulo basali excepto subaureo), an-

tennis et parte antica capitis nigris; capite carina tenue ele-

vata nigra per totam longitudinem currente, utrinque in parte

antica excavata, fossulaque parum profunda nigra utrinque

postice ad tuberculum elevatum, marginis interni oculorum

extensa ; lateribus dente parvo obtuso ante antennas angulis-

que anticis extus in cornua duo brevia obtusa lateraliter

divergentia productis ; cornu antico compresso nigro, in den-

tibus duobus angustioribus et longioribus prodeunti; pro-

thorace postice magis transversé quadrato; tibiarum anti-

carum spinis minus productis, barbaque articuli ultimi tar-

sorum anticorum majori, dimidium faciei ejus interne occu-

panti, pygidio magis punctato.

Long. corp. $ cum cornu clypei unc. 12.

In Mus. D. Melly.

Habitat ?

D. cavifrons, Westw.

D. lete viridis vel aureo-viridis; tarsis, antennis verticeque

excavato nigris, capitis lateribus elevatis divergentibus, ex-

terne in tuberculum parvum conicum productis anticeque

utrinque in cornu porrecto trunco nigro productis; disco

excavatione profunda absque carina media _longitudinali,

clypeo in cornu medio subplano nigro, apice in dentibus

duobus brevibus conicis subplanis prodeunti, prothorace

postice magis conico; tibiis anticis multi-spinosis spinisque

majoribus; barbaque articuli ultimi parva; pygidio fere

leevi.

Long. corp. cum cornu clypei une. 13—1%.

In Mus. Melly, Westwood, &c.

Habitat Senegallia.

He also exhibited Ptinide, found in a barrow 1400 years old,

by Albert Way, Esq., of Reigate: they were observed on bones

in a covered vase, which again was enclosed in another vase

covered with a stone, and a quantity of earth: he inclined to

believe that they had not penetrated through these coverings,

but had been deposited with the bones. Full details of the dis-

covery of these insects have been published in the Journal of the

Archeological Institute for October, 1849.

]xxxvill PROCEEDINGS OF THE

Mr. Douglas read a continuation of his memoir on the genus

Gelechia of Zeller.

Mr. Stainton read a paper on the synonymy of Llachista era-

tella of Zeller.

The President announced that he was instructed to offer as a

prize the work of Fischer von Roslerstamm, on Lepidoptera, for

the best monograph of some genus of Tortrices, subject to the

following conditions :—1. The prize to be awarded to the writer

of the best monograph of some genus of Tortrices (the genus not

to contain less than twelve species). 2. The monograph to be

forwarded to the President of the Entomological Society, not later

than April 15th, 1850. 3. The President to appoint three Ento-

mologists (who are not contending for the prize) to act as exami-

ners, and to decide which of the monographs sent in is the best.

4, Their decision to be announced at the May meeting of the

Entomological Society.

The Secretary announced that vol. v. part 8, of the Society’s

Transactions was on the table.

December 3rd, 1849.

G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., President, in the Chair.

DonarTION.

The following donation was announced, and thanks ordered to

be given to the Donor.

The Zoologist for 1849, July to December, by E. Newman,

Esq.

Exuisitions, Memoirs, &c.

Mr. Stainton stated, in allusion to the latter portion of the

Minutes of the preceding Meeting, it was his own intention to

offer the three first volumes of the ‘ Linnzea Entomologica” as a

prize for the second best monograph of Tortrices.

Mr. Stainton exhibited some specimens of Tinea ferruginella,

Hbn. (ustella, Haw., St), taken in a coal mine near Glasgow by

Mr. Scott, and remarked that it was not a little singular that

though bred in the dark the specimens were very brightly co-

loured.

Mr. Westwood exhibited a box of exotic Coleoptera from the

Collection of A. Melly, Esq., containing a further series of Austra-

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. _ Ixxxix

lian Pselaphide, a Brazilian species of Articerus, and several

Australian species of Cryptodus and allied genera.

Mr. Westwood also exhibited specimens, in all its stages, of

Baridius trinotus (vestitus, Schénherr), an American species of

weevil, about the size of Calandra granaria, which had been com-

municated to him by Mr. Josiah Forster, having been observed

by Miss Morris, of Germantown, to attack the potatoes in Ame-

rica to such an extent as to have led to the belief of its being the

real cause of the potato disease. The eggs are deposited in the

leaf-buds, and the larvee, as soon as hatched, burrow into the

stems, within which they feed, descending to the root and causing

the decay of the plant.

Messrs. Westwood, Stephens and Waterhouse said, that of

course this insect was not the cause of the potato disease, but the

fact was certainly interesting; the identical species trinotus not

being British, the species of the genus Baridius being rare in this

country, and none of them frequenting the potato.

Mr. Shepherd exhibited a magnificent series of Peronea Has-

tiana, L., bred from larve and pupe found in sallow leaves, in

the neighbourhood of London.

Mr. Saunders read a paper on a species of Histheses and [pete

carissima, Newm.

The President announced, that a Book had been sent to him,

and was on the table, in which any gentleman who wished to

become a promoter of the Great Exhibition of the Works of In-

dustry of all Nations, in 1851, was requested to sign his name.

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