OFFICERS.

1861.

J. W. DouGuas, Esq. «62. ce ceseeecece cece srsseecceses President.

SAMUEL STEVENS, Esq., F.L.S. sce .eeeeeceeececseeceee Treasurer.

EpwIN SHEPHERD, Esq. ..-.-- Miekaie olelelensteleieleieicis sche eo Ireannaas

Epwp. W. JANSON, Esq...----eeeeseeesrcserercreees

J. W. Dunnine, Esq., M.A., F.L.S. oes cree ese eee ce cees

H. G. Knaces, Esq., M.D....-..-+- Sua dbnounpeeosseadr os)

J. Luppock, Esq., F.R.S., &C. oes seen ee cece ererccenes

Rospert M‘LAcuHLAN, Esq.--....-- we neeeiaia gnise ce ceimae: Ml (en gas afom bere

W. W. Saunpers, Esq., F.R.S., &C. 0 ee ee cee ee eco eres :

of Council.

H. T. Stainton, Esq., F.L.S., &c. «6+ 05+ Sagstuieatevenes

F. Waker, Esq., F.L.S., 8&0. cs ceee seer cece ee cccerecs

G. R. WaTERHOUSE, Esgq., F.Z.S., &e. «0s eee eee reese

J. O. Westwoop, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., &e. 21 esse ere evee

Library and Cabinet Committee.

Messrs. Doucias, Knacos, M‘LACHLAN, SAUNDERS and Surroern

TRANSACTIONS

THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON, 1834—1861.

Vol. I. twenty-four plates, 25s. 6d.—to members, 12s. 9d.

Vol. II. twenty-two plates, 23s. 6¢.—to members, 11s. 9d.

Vol. III. sixteen plates, 21s. 6d.—to members, 10s. 9d.

Vol. IV. twenty-three plates, 22s. 6d.—to members, 11s. 3d.

Vol. V. twenty-three plates, 25s. 6d.—to members, 19s. 4d.

By a Resolution of the Council, the First Series of the Transactions can

now be obtained only in entire volumes.

NEW SERIES.

Vol. I. nineteen plates, 27s. —to members, 18s.

Vol. II. twenty-three plates, 28s 6d.—to members, 21s.

Vol. III. eighteen plates, 26s.—to members, 19s. 6d.

Vol. IV. twenty-eight plates, 27s. 6d.—to members, 20s. 9d.

VOL. V.

Part 1, one plate, 3s.

Part 2,—3s.

Part 3, six plates, 10s.

Part 4, three plates, 3s. 6d.

Part 5, one plate, 5s.

Part 6, two plates, 4s.

Part 7, one plate, 4s.

Part 8, two plates, 6s.

Part 9, three plates, 7s. 6d.

Part 10,—6s.

The Journal of the Proceedings of the Society is bound up with the parts

of the Transactions; it may, however, be obtained separately, by Members

and Subscribers, gratis, and by the public, price Is. per sheet.

Members and Subscribers, who have paid their Annual Subscription for

the current year, are entitled to receive the Transactions, without further

payment, and to residents in Great Britain they will be forwarded, free, per

post.

CONTENTS.

= PAGE

Officers of the Society for 1861 ili

Price of the Transactions iv

Explanation of the Plates ix

Errata Mess ok Se getnein gecesi ee air es xili

Additions to the Collections from the 31st December, 1857 xiii

List of Members and Subscribers, October, 1861 XV

Journal of Proceedings from February, 1858, to January, 1861 .

Index

Eratalepne oF dhe Libeary aoe She sae i, Wah tg Myre ig! thes ss Mone Swe el ve

By-Laws of the Society, altered and adopted at a Special Meeting

held on the 5th November, 1855 . Pe. eat eh

VI.

MEMOIRS.

. Notes on South American Butterflies. By H. W. Bares,

Esq., Corr. Memb. Ent. Soc. London 1

. On New Genera and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. By

F. P. Pascor, Esq., F.L.S., &c. 12

- A Monograph of the Genus Adolias, a Genus of Diurnal Lepi-

doptera, belonging to the Family ene By

Freperic Moore, Esq. . . . . ues 62

. Notes upon the Species of Elateride in the Stephensian Cabinet.

By G. R. Wateruouse, Esq., F.Z.S.,&c. . . . 88

. On the Genus Erycina, Linn., with Descriptions of some New

Species. By W. Witson Saunpers, Esq., F.R.S., &c. 94

Descriptions of twenty-five New Species of Indian Micro-

Lepidoptera. By H. T. Srainton, Esq., F.L.S., &e. . 111

Vil

Vill

- XIII.

XIV.

XV.

ROViTe

XVII.

XVIIT.

. List of the British Species of Latridius. By G. R. Water-

AS 6 10. goo YA:

CONTENTS.

PAGE

. A Contribution to the History of Sty/ops, with an Enume-

ration of such Species of Exotic Hymenoptera as have been

found to be attacked by those Parasites. By Freprericx

Situ, Esq.

. A Revision of the British Species of Corticaria. By G. R.

Warteruouse, Esq., F.Z.S., &e. i ines Se ae

. Descriptions of New Species of Phytophagous Insects. By

JS. DALY, Esqe, .. ) «. n/ 22) Rea SUR eh iontes we

. Notes on the British Species of Heterocerus. By G. R.

Warteruouse, Esq., F.Z.S., &e. . aS a

. Description of a New Genus of Carabideous Insects from

the Upper Amazon River. By J. O. Westwoop, Esq.,

M.A., &e. ST SiR S cPuolorcs Mite ee Beetts

HOUSE, Esq., F.Z.S. aoe Seger Os

Characters of undescribed Neuroptera in the Collection of

W. W. Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., &c. By Francis

Watker, Esq., F.L.S., &c. Areca Oho 28 Mes

Notes on the British Species of Cisside. By G. R. WatEr-

House, Esq., F.Z.S., &c. Ace eee eae pie ag

Notes on the Economy of the Ichneumons constituting the

Genus Pezomachus of Gravenhorst, and Observations on

Pezomachus fasciatus. By Freperick Smita, Esq. ;

with a Description of a New Species of Hemiteles. By

Tuomas Desvicnes, Esq.

Notes on the British Species of Donucia. By G.R. Water-

HousE, Esq., F.Z.S. <SoRh: 5

Notes on the Habits of Scolytide and Bostrichide. By ALrrep

R. Wattace, Esq., Corr. Memb. Ent. Soc.

Descriptions of South African Tineina, collected by R.

Trimen, Esq., in 1858—1859. By H. T. Srainron,

Beg. FUE, aie. Senden fen ate vw be Res

. Contributions to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley. By

H. W. Bares, Esq., Corr. Memb. Ent. Soc.

- Notes on the Geographical Distribution of the British But-

terflies. By H. T. Stainton, Esq., F.L.S., &c.

5 LE

. 176

. 212

. 218

7 220

CONTENTS. Vil

PAGE

XXI. Descriptions of some New Species of Sagra, Remarks on

that Genus; and the Characters of Cheilorena, a New

Genus belonging to the same Family. By J. S. Baty,

PSQecr since Feu an t.sf ae sates oh ake Oe om oo Ftt ek OU

XXII. On the Genus Erateina, Doubleday, with Descriptions of

some New Species. By W. W. Saunpers, Esq. F.R.S.,

SCH.) cee) estar ert lr ay ee ee Ok

XXIII. Characters of undescribed Diptera in the Collection of W.

W. Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., &c. By Francis WALKER,

Esq., F.L.S., &c. Sh eat Oma Sue wep te ghee we speech

XXIV. Contributions to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley

(continued from page 228). By H. W. Bares, Esq.,

Corr. Memb. Ent. Soe. aan coed. Mat sh she CUO

XXV. On the Atlantic Cossonides. By T. V. Wottasron, Esq.,

ETA ei La Sagy Cree cee are aus Fuk ot sein Pete ayo ie Oe

XXVI. Descriptions of Five New eure of Coleophora. By Joun

Scort; Esq. <->. 2. Siw 26 SE Noid) hos too wus)

XXVII. On Elaphomyia, a Genus of remarkable Insects of the Order

Diptera. By W. W. Saunvers, Esq., F.R.S., &e. . 413

XXVIII. Notice of the Occurrence of a Strepsipterous Insect parasitic

in Ants, discovered in Ceylon by Herr Nietner. By

J. O. Wesrwoop, Esq., M.A., F.L.S.,&c. . . . . 418

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

nee

PLATE. Fie. PAGE

I. 1—13. Myrmecolax Nietneri, Westw., and details .,...... 418

14—22. Solenogenys foeda, Westw., and details .+......+. 171

Ic 1. Ostedes pauperata, Pascoe...... ° : - 44

2. Eroschema Poweri, Pascoe .-..+.++.. é jeu ley

3. Oxylymma lepida, Pascoe ......--- occevees 22

4, Collyrodes Lacordairei, Pascoe ...-.++: cose 20

5. Phemone frenata, Pascoe esssecrenssscoreerseee 48

6. Dystheta anomala, Pascoe sseseeseseceessseeee Sl

7. Thranius bimaculatus, Pascoe ....2e+ssserccecce 23

8. Esmia turbata, Pascoe ..-.0esseeeeoees ‘Sigacoco is)

9. Diotima undulata, Pascoe ...-++.. wescccccsscees O89

HA. 1. Adolias Parta, Moore, g Q ..+-e+-++eee0eee 63

2 » Garuda, Moore, 6 Q «+ -cceceoeres - 64

3. 3s, Phemius, Doubl.,) OQ: wise. ccieece cle Soo. (Oe

4. 9, Alpheda, Godh., OQ ..ccceccccecverece 66

5. » Kesava, Moore, @Q ..... aieiicretesicictere 67

IV. 1. Adolias Mahadeva, Moore, & ......--.- ae 68

2: 3), Kanda, Moore! =. <\siecies sss aie - 69

Se », Sedeva, Moore, Q «- SpUnoS : no. is

4, 99 NGLGH NTOOTES a Gi Qie wietorereloeletole ciele\siisielcicre 7 09

5. 5, Ramada, Moore, ¢ .....- SO NOHO OdDEOD «269

Vv. 1. Adolias Anosia, Boisd. MS. GQ ....eceecesseee. 60

2. », Trigerta, Moore sta eyeisvoreiaieis sa0nDdno0o 1h

3. » Ambalika, Moore, 9 staketofel elevereheretets 74

4, ap Gopia, INEOOLES, Qe einieic:s e-clelele!cieve ciclo Hie S50. 1e)

VI. 1. Adolias Paiguna, Moore ..cccccssccesscocace as 10

2 3, Pulasara, Moore ......<. ae Ane S505 7ll

3. ge) Liutalas» NICOLE tele eieicis sie\iv's:e:e)eis' Souco0. ¢ll

4. SSM Ls NVOOLE! sicicisieiclersrs ee etetelele sjalelelstcleven mn aie)

5. see) LEUSCAAM MIOOLE!s\eiciaieies «) efster ele\inlete ot siel oie 71

VII. 1. Adolias Jahnu, Moore, @ - ao oates alevetelstey TE

2: See, VOSAntG, LCOLE! wei sicictelerel Sooo coooodDE. | ffl

3. », Sananda, Moore oseesscceerereees e-eee 76

4, 5, Stkandt, Moore, 9 ..... Aco DOOOb Soon fe

VIII. 1. Adolias Nara, Moore.......cscseesece eelexelercteneien iG

2. 3) va; Moore eee. cccesoes Soubioo cdc een 8

3. 47, Sahkadeva; MOOYVE co.cc cece ceisieleccieciae SOU

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE. Fia. PAGE

1D.€ leAdottasSancara, NLOOLE leis sicleiclee sleleisicelcielseiss 0

De Furor IVLOOLCM seloenstoiclelomicreiicielcielels) siereion | OO

3. SF KAT AGIN GV LOONE™ oicjelelelneiste/s) cieelel sielnielieieleien WOU)

Xe 1—2. Zeonia Batesii, Saund. GQ wecceccceeveesoesere 99

3—4, 5, Amaxon, Saund. FQ occccccecevcccsecrcs OF

5. 5, Heliconoides, Saund. Q ««..... acts eisleravelsiv(s/| 190

6—7. Erycina Ocollo, Saund. 9 ...ccsccoevccoreceeeee 105

8. 4, Calphurnia, Saund. d...ccccesecccereee 106

9—10. Necyria Hewitsonitz, Saund. Q .-seeccessoereeers 106

XI. 1l. Erycina Etias, Saund. g..ccceccacvevcccesceee 102

12. a) pp COlubra, SAUNGs ed ice siclelers (ee <is/eie/cisisicleia «LOG

13. » Lryxo, Saund. Q ..esceccccoessccccseve 104

14. » Atahualpa, Saund. G .-cecccecsccrsecee 1D]

15. yn Hdudascar; Saunds, A <<\s\oeevicecieeccic esse LOL

16. Necyria Manco, Saund. 4. wee ccscesiecseccssee 107

17—18. » Lapoja, Saund. f cocccvccsaccvccceses 108

19. Lyropteryx Apollonia, Westw. Q .cseesceressccee 109

XII. 1—1 b. Elaphomyia alcicornis, Saund., ¢, and details .... 415

2—2 a. aS As es @, and details .... 415

3—3 d. - Wallacei, Saund., and details ........ 414

4—4 e. 50 cervicornis, Saund., @, and details o... 414

5. A CETVICOTNIS, Deccrcercscecsceccesece 414

6. ss Ola, SAUD. Gy se sice cle cies 'sieie eieleloleo L1G

XIII. 1—le. Elaphomyia polita, Saund., and details ...+....-. 416

2—2b. 5 brevicornis, Saund., ¢, and details .... 415

3—sa. x 3 se @, and details .... 415

4—4b. Achias longividens, Walk., @, and details ........ 417

5—da. 5, i 5 @, and details ...-..e. 417

6—6a. ,, latividens, Walk., Q, and details......00-+ 417

7—7b. 4, amplividens, Walk., 9, and details ........ 417

XIV. 1—2a—k. Cheiloxena Westwoodii, Baly, and details....eees++ 255

3. Sagra Javeti, Baly, g, hinder thigh .......+..-- 240

4. ,, Pfeifferi, Baly, g ¥ A eviels, o%eite pono 233)

5. 5, Parryi, Baly, ¢ 5 _ and tibia.... 247

6. 4, carbunculus, Hope, ¢ ,, +3 eons Dad

7. 4, bicolor, Lacord., & is 3 seca 249

8* ,, Jansoni, Baly, g, intermediate thigh ...... 243

Solan eeDohnnizn Daly x thoraXpersts sto\e + orejorelclslsfels clersie e200

O54 35 5 Orabinder thigh: sic ee aicercs 1203

9* ,, s » intermediate thigh........ 2538

10. ,, Stevensi, Baly, , hinder thigh ...... coos 241

ll. ,, splendida, var. B., & 3 paso sodoa Avy

D2 a ygee uenestiss ck, 5 slevelelelsievelele LOO)

13. ,, Murrayi, Baly, sy ee LOB olen ecemaielevers 251

XOVi3 I—1 a. Brateina undulata; SAUMGS cieyeiclsieteroiel cree olde wiele clelet 263

2—-2 a. 3 SEDI HES LUIS AE GOA COGOUOE OOOO OAc > 263

PLATE.

XVI.

XVII.

XVIII.

XIX.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Fic. PAGE

3—3a. Erateina Regina, Saund. -...eeceesrseccsesssee 264

1—la. rp UNCATAMSAUNC sie chsieleiel'escle)s) stelelel cel eve ejele!sio/st 200)

2—2a. a margarita, Saund. .ecccccrsvecccccereee 266

3—3 a. = Obscura, SAUNG., “cleweccicicecicis ceicisiscewee 206

1—la—Im. Coleophora Melilotella, Scott ...eccccesseesevcere 408

2—2a—2m. a Artemisiella, Scott ..seccecsecesccsees 409

8--3a—3m. an Ardeepennella, Scott secevcesceceeeee 410

4_4a—4m. rn politella, Scott ..ccscccccssccrccseces 410

1—1a. Eremotes crassicornis, Brull€ 2 areessecceeeeses SOD

2a. Hexarthrum capitulum, Wollieescssccerrcceevecoe O00

3a. Rhyncolus crassirostris, Woll, sseesecesececesece SOL

4a, Phleophagus tenaz, Woll. ©. .c:.eccecccssssesssee O10

5a. Microxylobius lacertosus, Woll. ..+-cseecesrerceee ol

6a—b ry, Tucifuguss Woll.. \s./- ses vcsjevies 6) s0n OO2

7a—b. ‘A LENEDT ANS WiOlliaciele steles cele celeiciees OOS

8a—b. > Chevrolatiey Willan sic cteieelclersiere/e ciel OOO

9Ja—b. 5 CONICOLZSS NVOeMeale/eeletareveie eisle'eelelee OA

la—b. Pentatemnus arenarius, Woll....sesecesceeseseree B00

2a—d. Onycholips bifurcatus, Woll. .seesscrevcecerseeee O94

3a—b. Leipommata calcaratum, Woll. oc+ereceesseseveee O90

4a. Mesoxenus Monizinianus, Woll. ....ecssceerseseces O96

5a. Pentarthrum cylindricum, Woll. .+.e+++++- cesses 398

6a. Mesoxenus Bewickianus, Woll. ....0.sceseccescee OOF

@. Mesites fusiformis, Woll., @ sic.c0ce sce esse ce sacisl 400

Sa. Stenotis aciculay Woolley, ~«.<+0ssentsacere nesses oo 400

9. Mesites fusiformis, Woll., Q evecveccsceesseeee 405

( xiii)

ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTIONS.

‘FROM THE Isr JANUARY, 1858, TO THE 31st DECEMBER, 1860.

Mr. F. Bond........ Agrotis saucia, six specimens; Heliophobus hispida, four

specimens.

Rev.O. P. Cambridge Pterophorus Loewii, four specimens.

Mr. J.J. Reading.... Carabus intricatus, two specimens.

Mr. A. F. Sealy .... Laverna phragmitella, four specimens.

ERRATA.

TRANSACTIONS.

Page 13, line 32 from top, after “ Cylindripomus nigro-fasciatus,” for ‘ Bois.,”

read “ Bi.’”’

ee Ae ce Oc 5 for ‘ Coptocycla,’’ read ‘‘ Aspidomorpha.”’

oD ey PH Pe for ‘‘ Caragenia,’’ read ‘‘ Ceragenia.”’

op PAID app) 5 for ‘‘ Lamicide,” read ‘“‘ Lamiade.”’

1» om ep 2) for ‘‘ Amatella,’”’ read ‘‘ Ametalla.’’

JOURNAL OF PROCEEDINGS.

Page 52, last line, for ‘‘ £57 : 10s. 9d.,” read ‘* £37: 10s. 9d.”

», 62, line 16 from bottom, for ‘* Abracus,’’ read “ Abraus.’’

» 178, dele the first seven lines.

» 9, line 8 from bottom, for “ dnomesia,”’ read “ Anomeesia.”’

sth a 3 a for ‘* Ancylophorus,” read ‘* Acylophorus.”’

» » 3 4 from top, for “ workers producing,’ read “ worker-producing.”

Hel pee es for ‘* Neurophora,” read ‘* Nemophora.”’

Pe Oli ee se LL a dele ‘‘ (E. S.)”

ap) GH gy AL a for ‘‘ Ligustica,”’ read “ Liguria.”

» 9 9 4 from bottom, for “ Bastrichide,”’ read “ Bostrichide.’’

» 118 ,, 33 from top, for “ Chryphagus,’’ read ‘ Crypturgus.”’

Hy LAR SS 9 from bottom, for ‘ Ligustica,’’ read ‘* Liguria.”

ap UGS) ag P53 59 for “ being a distinct species,’ read “ being distinct

species.”’

» 138 ,, 14 from top, for ‘* Platyderus,” read ** Plegaderus.”

Hist of Mlembers

THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON,

OCTOBER, 1861.

LIST OF MEMBERS

THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON.

Wonorary soretgn Members.

Epwarps, M. Milne. Le Musée d’ Histoire Naturelle, Paris.

Gravenhorst, Prof. J. L. C. Breslau, Silesia.

Hammerschmidt, Herr L.

Kollar, Herr. Royal Museum, Vienna.

Lefebvre, M. Alexandre. Bouchevilliers, prés Gisors, Département de 1’ Eure.

Léon Dufour, M. St. Sever, Département des Landes, France.

Pictet, Professor J. C. Geneva.

Schaum, Dr. H. Berlin.

Zeller, Professor P. C. Gross-Glogau, Silesia.

Zetterstedt, Professor J. W., Ph. D., &c. University of Lund.

( xvii)

ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS.

Marked * are Original Members.

Marked + have compounded for their Annual Subscriptions.

Marked S. are Subscribers.

Date of

Election,

1849 S. Allis, T. H., Esq. York.

1858 §S. Allchin, W. H., Esq., M.D. 7, Pembridge Villas, Bayswater.

1856 Armytage, Edward, Esq. 4, Grove End Road, St. John’s Wood.

1857 Atkinson, W.S. Esq. La Martiniere, Calcutta.

* + Babington, Professor C. C., M.A., F.L.S., F.G.S. St. John’s

College, Cambridge.

1857 Bakewell, R. Esq. 96, St. John’s Wood Terrace, Circus Road,

St. John’s Wood.

1850 Baly, J. S., Esq. 4, Francis Terrace, Kentish Town.

1849 S. Barlow, F., Esq. Cambridge.

1861 S. Bates, H. W., Esq. Queen Street, Leicester.

1851 Beaumont, Alfred, Esq. Lockwood, near Huddersfield.

« Bell, Thomas, Esq., Pres. L. S. F.G.S. 17, New Broad Street, and

Selborne, Hants.

1857 S. Biggs, C.J., Esq. Blenheim Cottages, South Hackney.

1860 Bigot, Mons. J. Rue de Luxembourg, Paris.

1854 Birt, Jacob, Esq. 30, Sussex Gardens, Hyde Park.

1849 §S.+ Bladon, J., Esq. Pont-y-pool.

1841 Bond, F., Esq., F.Z.S. Kingsbury, Middlesex.

1860 Bonvouloir, Mons. Henri de. 15, Rue de l'Université, Paris.

= Bowerbank, J.S., Esq., Ph. D. F.R.S. F.G.S. F.L.S. 3, Highbury

Grove.

1852 + Boyd, Thomas, Esq. 17, Clapton Square.

1856 Braikenridge, Rev. G. W., M.A. Broomwell House, Brislington. »

1849 §S. Brown, Edwin, Esq. Burton-on-Trent.

1855 Burnell, E. H., Esq. 382, Bedford Row.

1855 Cambridge, Rev. O. P. Bloxworth House, Blanford, Dorset.

1860 Candéze, Dr. E. Glain, by Liege, Belgium.

1838 Charlesworth, E., Esq., York.

1859 Chaudoir, Baron Maximilien de. . Volhynia, Russia.

1859 Coleman, W.S. Esq. 8, Garway Road, Westbourne Grove, Bays-

water.

1850 Clark, Rev. Hamlet, M.A., F.L.S. 12, Orchard Street, Portman

Square.

VOL. V. N.S. PT. X.—ocT. 1861. b

XVill

Date of

Election.

1853

1857

1859

1854

1849

1849 S

1852

1853

1837

1860

1857

1855

1851

1845

1857

1849

1851

1860

1853

1838

1858

1859 S.

1855 S.

1855

1857S.

1857 S.

_—

[ee]

—

ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS, _

Cox, Capt. Charles James, Q.G. G.A. Fordwich House, near

Canterbury.

Croker, T.F.D., Esq. 6, Strand.

Crotch, W. D., Esq. Uphill House, Weston Super Mare.

Dale, Wm. C. Esq. 31, Gordon Square.

Dallas, W. S., Esq., F.L.S. Museum, York.

Darwin, Charles, Esq., M.A., F.R.S. Down, near Bromley, Kent.

Dawson, John, Esq. Carron, near Falkirk, Stirlingshire.

Dawson, Rev. J. F., LL.B. The Woodlands, near Bedford.

De Grey and Ripon, Earl of, F.R.S., &c. Carlton Gardens.

Desvignes, Thomas, Esq. Fir Tree Cottage, Woodford.

Devonshire, William, Duke of, K.G., F.R.S., &c. Piccadilly.

Deyrolle, Mons. 19, Rue de la Monnaie, Paris.

Digby, H. S., Esq. Finstanton, St. Ives, Hunts.

Dohrn, Herr C. A., Pres. Ent. Verein, Stettin.

Dossetor, T. P., Esq. 12, Poultry.

Doubleday, Henry, Esq. Epping.

Douglas, J. W., Esq., President. 6, Kingswood Place, Lee, Kent.

Drakeford, Rev. D. J. Chewton Mendip, Somersetshire.

Dunning, J. W., Esq., M.A., F.L.S. 1, Field Court, Gray’s Inn.

Dutton, James, Esq. Hammersmith.

Ellerton, John, Esq. 9, Westmorland Place, Westbourne Grove.

Evans, Henry, Esq. Darley Abbey, near Derby.

Evans, W. F., Esq. Admiralty.

Fenning, George, Esq. Lloyds, London.

Fereday, R. W. Esq. 2, Leighton Villas, Talbot Road, Kentish

Town.

Francis, Horace, Esq. 38, Upper Bedford Place, Russell Square.

Fry, Alexander, Esq. 2, Boltons, West Brompton.

Gloyne, C. P., Esq. 5, Terrace, Kensington.

Gorham, H., Esq. 5, Regent Square, Gray’s Inn Road.

Gould, J., Esq. F.R.S. F.L.S. F.Z.S. 26, Charlotte Street, Bedford

Square.

Gray, John, Esq. Wheatfield House, near Bolton-le-Moors.

Gray, J. E., Esq., Ph.D. F.R.S., British Museum.

Grenfell, John G., Esq. British Museum.

Groves, W., Esq. 1, Lee Place, Lee.

Grut, F., Esq. 9, King Street, Southwark.

Guyon, G., Esq. Ventnor, Isle of Wight, and Richmond, Surrey.

Hackshaw, Robert, Esq. 29, Merton Road, Kensington.

Hamilton, Major T. India.

Hanson, Samuel, Esq. 43, Upper Harley Street.

Haward, Alfred, Esq. Eagle Cottage, Gloucester Road, Croydon.

Hearsey, Major General Sir John Bennett, K.C.B.

Hewitson, W. C., Esq. Oatlands, near Esher, Surrey.

Holdsworth, Joseph, Esq. 54, Lombard Street.

Howitt, Godfrey, Esq., M.D. Collins Street, East, Melbourne.

Hunter, John, Esq. Sycamore Grove, New Malden.

Date of

Election,

1843

1859

1853

1861

1859

1860 S.

1861 S.

1858

1842

1861

1861 S.

1855

1849

1859

1857S.

1835

1851

1849

1850 S.

1850

1851

1858

1856

1860

1850 S.

1860S.

1858

1853 SS.

1859

1850

1851

1849

1841

1840

1854

1860 S.

1852

1851 S.

ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS. x1x

Janson, E. W., Esq., Secretary. 61, Gracechurch Street.

Jeakes, William, Esq. Winchester Hall, Highgate.

Jekel, M. Henri. Paris.

Jenyns, Rev. L., M.A. F.L.S. F.G.S. Darlington Place, Bathwick,

Bath. F

Jesse, F. A., Esq. Lanbedr Hall, Denbighshire.

Johnson, Henry, Esq. Hampstead Hill.

Keeley, R. G., Esq. 11, Sydney Terrace, Marlboro’ Road,

Chelsea.

Kirby, W. F., Esq., 33, Mornington Crescent.

Knaggs, H. S., Esq., M.D. 1, Malden Place, Camden Town.

Kuper, Rev. C. Trellich, Monmouth.

Lacerda, Signor Antonio de. Bahia.

Laing, James A., Esq. Paragon Road, Blackheath.

Lea, J. W., Esq. Shepperton Green, Chertsey.

Lee, John, Esq., L.L.D. F.R.S. F.S.A. F.R.A.S. Hartwell House,

Aylesbury.

Lewis, Rev. Evan, B.A. Rothwell, Northamptonshire.

Lewis, G., Esg. 6, Kidbrook Place, Blackheath.

Lingwood, R. M., Esq., M.A. F.L.S. F.G.S. Lyston, near Ross,

Herefordshire.

Lodder, Captain H., 47th Infantry. Malta.

Logan, R. F., Esq. Hawthornbrae, Duddingstone, near Edinburgh,

Lowe, Dr. Balgreen, Slateford, near Edinburgh.

Lubbock, John, Esq., F.R.S., &c. High Elms, Farnborough,

Kent.

M‘Intosh, J., Esq. Bridge Road, Hammersmith.

M‘Lachlan, Robert, Esq. 1, Park Road Terrace, Forest Hill.

Marshall, William, Esq. Elm Lodge, Clay Hill, Enfield.

May, J. W., Esq. 19, Clifton Road East, St. John’s Wood.

Meade, R. W., Esq. Bradford, Yorkshire.

Miller, C., Esq. 17, Silurian Terrace, Brook Road, Dalston.

Mitford, R. H., Esq. Haverstock Place, Hampstead.

Moore, F., Esq. Jeffery’s Terrace, Kentish Town.

Mosse, G. S., Esq. Elden Road, Kensington.

Murray, Alexander, Esq. Shenley, Herts.

Murray, A., Esq., Royal Horticultural Society, South Kensington.

Newman, Edward, Esq., F.L.S. F.Z.S. M.Imp.L.C. Acad. 7, York

Grove, Peckham.

Owen, Richard, Esq., M. D. L.L.D. F.R.S. F.L:S. F.G.S. British

Museum.

Parry, Major F. J.S., F.L.S. 18, Onslow Square, South Ken-

sington.

Pascoe, F. P., Esq., F.L.S. 7, Palace Garden Villas, Notting Hill.

Pelerin, W. G., Esq. 28, Hertford Road, De Beauvoir Square.

Pickersgill, J. C., Esq. Hooley House, Coulsdon, near Croydon.

Preston, Rev. T.A. The College, Marlborough,

5.2

xXx

Date of

Election.

1852

1855

1857

1861

1859

1849

1861

1849

1858

1857

1860

1853

1847

1850

1851

1852

1853

1858

1850

1861

1848

1858

1837

1856

1854

1859

1854

1850

1856

1845

1838

1859

1853

1859

1854

1849

1854

1850

1858

1850

as A

D+

ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS.

Quin, C. W., Esq. 25, Clarence Street, Islington.

Reading, J. J.. Esq. 11, Ham Street, Plymouth.

Robinson, E. W., Esq. 42, Harmood Street, Kentish Town.

Rome, J., Esq., M.A. Woodlands, Hamilton, Lanarkshire.

Rye, E. C., Esq. 284, King’s Road, Chelsea.

Salt, G. M., Esq. Shrewsbury.

Saunders, G.S., Esq. Hill Field, Reigate.

Saunders, S. §., Esq. Albania.

Saunders, W. F., Esq. Hill Field, Reigate.

Saunders, W. W., Esq., F.R.S. F.L.S., &c. Hill Field, Reigate.

Saussure, Mons. H. F. de. Geneva.

Sealy, A. F., Esq., M.A. 70, Trumpington Street, Cambridge.

‘Seaton, George, Esq. ‘Trinity Square, Brixton.

Scott, John, Esq. 138, Torrington Villas, Lee.

Shepherd, Edwin, Esq., Secretary. 176, Fleet Street.

Shepherd, James, Esq. Brown Street, Blackburn.

Sheppard, Augustus F., Esq. Kingston, Surrey.

Sheppard, Edward, Esq., F.L.S. 5, Ladbroke Place West. Not-

ting Hill.

Signoret, Mons. Victor. Paris.

Slade, Robert, Esq. 386, Gillingham Street, Pimlico.

Smith, Frederick, Esq. British Museum.

Solomon, Aaron, Esq. 16, Pownall Road, Dalston.

Spence, W. B., Esq. 18, Lower Seymour Street, Portman Square.

Stainton, H. T., Esq., F.L.S. Mountsfield, Lewisham.

Stevens, Joseph, Esq. Upper Richmond Road, Wandsworth.

Stevens, S., Esq., F.L.S., Treasurer. 24, Bloomsbury Street.

Syme, John T., Esq. 12, Gordon Street, Gordon Square.

Tapping, Thomas, Esq. 43, Gloster Place, Kentish Town.

Tegetmeier, W. B., Esq. Muswell Hill.

Thompson, Miss. Barn Hill, Stamford.

Thompson, Thomas, Esq. Hull.

Thomson, James, Esq. 23, Rue de l'Université, Paris. -

Thurnell, Charles, Esq. Duxford, Cambridgeshire.

Thwaites, G. R. H., Esq. Ceylon.

Timins, Douglas, Esq. Oriel College, Oxford.

Tompkins, H., Esq. 44, Guildford Street, Russell Square.

Trimen, Roland, Esq. 71, Guildford Street, Russell Square.

Turner, J. A., Esq., M. P. Cross Street, Manchester.

Vaughan, P. H., Esq. Redland, near Bristol.

Wailes, George, Esq. Newcastle-on-Tyne.

Walker, Francis, Esq., F.L.S. The Grove, Highgate.

Wallace, Alexander, Esq., M.D. 23, Bedford Place.

Walton, John, Esq., F.L.S. Byard’s Lodge, Knaresborough.

Ward, S. Nevill, Esq. Hon. E. I. C. Civil Service, Madras.

Waring, S. L., Esq. The Oaks, Norwood.

Waterhouse, G, R., Esq., F.Z.S. British Museum.

Date of

Election.

1845

1855

ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS. XXi

Weir, J. J., Esq. 6, Haddo Villas, Blackheath.

Were, R. B., Esq. 35, Osborne Terrace, Clapham Road.

Westwood, J. O., Esq., M.A. F.L.S., Hope Prof. of Zool. in Uni-

versity of Oxford ; Hon. Mem. Ent. Soc. France, &c. Henley

House, near Oxford.

White, Adam, Esq. British Museum.

Wilkinson, S. J., Esq. 7, Jeffrey’s Square, St. Mary, Axe.

Wollaston, T. V., Esq., M.A. F.L.S. Kingskerswell, Newton Abbot,

Devon.

Yatman, J. V., Esq. 2, Bombay Place, Amersham Park, New

Cross.

Zuchold, Ernst, A. - Halle, Prussia.

(xxl

CORRESPONDING MEMBERS.

INSTITUTED NOV. dru, 1838.

nr’

Date of

Election.

1842 Boys, Capt. India,

1844 Buonaparte, Prince Lucien.

1844 Baraston, George, Esq. Hudson's Bay.

1846 Blagrove, Lieut. Thomas. 26th Bengal Infantry.

1846 Bowman,Jobn, Esq. Bombay.

1846 Brain, T. H., Esq., Principal of Sydney College, New South Wales.

1847 Bowring, J. C., Esq. Hong Kong.

1847 Bowring, L. B., Esq. Bancoorah, near Burdwall, Bengal.

1849 Blair, Daniel, Esq. Surgeon-General, British Guiana.

1850 Bach, Herr M. Boppard-on-the-Rhine.

1839 Cantor, Dr.

1844 Costa, Signor Achille. Naples.

1844 Chiaga, Signor Stephano Della. Naples.

1852 Cox, F., Esq. Van Diemen’s Land.

1839 Downes, Mr. Ezra.

1850 Dalton, H. G., Esq. George Town, Demerara.

1846 Elliot, Walter, Esq. Madras.

1841 Fraser, Louis, Esq. H. M. Vice-Consul, Whidah.

1889 Griffith, W., Esq.

1847 Gilbert, G. A., Esq.

1847 Gray, W., Esq. St. Petersburgh.

1849 Goding, F., Esq., M.D. Barbadoes.

1844 Harris, Dr. Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.

1846 Layard, F. P., Esq. Bengal Infantry.

1846 Layard, E. L., Esq.

1846 Leconte, Major. New York.

1838 Low, Hugh, Esq. Labuan.

LIST OF CORRESPONDING MEMBERS,

Date of

Election.

1839

1846

1839

1842

1846

M‘Lelland, J., Esq. Calcutta.

Pope, John, Esq. Hong Kong.

Peters, Francis, Esq. Zanzibar.

Schomburgh, Sir R.

Sayers, Lieut.

Stevenson, —.

Smith, Dr.G. Madras.

1849 Thomas, Grant, Esq. Barbadoes.

1841

1845

1847

1849

1854

1841

Wiegand, Sir F.

Wilkinson, Sir J. Gardner.

Wilson, C. A., Esq. Adelaide, South Australia,

Wallcott, R. B., Esq., M.D. Barbadoes.

Wallace, A. R.

Younger, Lieut. John Robertson.

XXili

CATALOGUE OF BOOKS

THE LIBRARY

Che Entomological Society of London,

Abeiller, Le Bon Abeiller, ou Manuel simple et suffisant pour établir et diriger

une Abeillerie. 12mo. Evreux, 1822.

Abeilles, L’Art de gouverner les Abeilles. 12mo. Paris, 1783.

Axszort (John). See Smiru (James Edward).

ApMIRAL (Jacob), Naauwkeurige Waarneminge omtrent de Veranderingen

van veele Insekten of gekorvene Dierjes. Fol. Amsterdam,

1774.

Acass1z (Louis), Nomenclator Zoologicus, continens nomina systematica gene-

rum Animalium tam viventium quam fossilium. Fasc. L—VIII.

4to. Soloduri, 1842-45.

ALBIN (Eleazar), A Natural History of English Insects. Illustrated with a

hundred Copper Plates, curiously engraven from the Life. 4to.

Lond. 1720.

Insectorum Angliz Naturalis Historia: illustrata Iconibus in Centum

Tabulis Aineis eleganter ad vivum expressis, et istis, qui ad-

poscunt, accuraté etiam coloratis ab authore, E. A. Pictore. His

accedunt Annotationes ample, et Observationes plurime insignes,

a Guil. Derham, R.S. Socio habite. 4to. Lond. 1731.

A Natural History of Spiders and other curious Insects. 4to. Lond.

17386.

Aranci, or a Natural History of Spiders, including the principal parts

of the well-known Work on English Spiders by E. A., as also

the whole of the celebrated Publication on Swedish Spiders by

Charles Clerk; revised, enlarged and designed anew by Thomas

Martyn. 4to. Lond. 1793.

Amyot (C. J. B.) et AupINeT-SERVILLE (J. G.), Histoire Naturelle des

Insectes. Hémipteres. 8vo. Paris, 1843.

ANDERSON (John), Sketch of the Comparative Anatomy of the Nervous

System. 4to. Lond. 1888.

Asmuss (Hermann Martin), Monstrositates Coleopterorum., 8vo. Rige et

Dorpati. 1835.

AvuBE (Ch.). See Desean (Le Comte P. I. M, G.).

you. v.—186]. a

il CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY

AupDINET-SERVILLE (J. G.), Description du Genre Peirate, de l’Ordre des

Hémipteres, Famille des Géocorises, Tribu des Nudicolles. Ann.

Sci. Nat. 1831. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 6.

Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Orthoptéres. 8vo. Paris, 1839.

See Amyot (C. J. B.).

Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Hémiptéres. 8vo. Lond, 1843,

Avupouin (Jéan Victor). See Cuvier (Le Baron).

Cuvier’s Report on Andouin and Milne- Edwards.

Mémoire relative aux Anim. sans Vert. des Cotes de la France.

Cat. des Livres d’Hist. Nat. et principalement d’Kntom. composant

la Bibliotheque de feu V. A.

Recherches sur les Rapports naturels qui existent entre les Trilobites

et les Animaux articulés. Soc. Philom. de Paris, 1821. Ent.

Trans. Vol. 13.

Lettre sur la Génération des Insectes, adressée 8 M. Arago. Ann.

Sci. Nat. 1824, Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3.

Recherches pour servir a |’ Histoire naturelle des Cantharides. Ann,

Sci. Nat. 1826. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5.

Observations sur le Nid d’une Araignée, construit en terre, et

remarquable par une grande perfection de travail. Acad. des

Sci. Nat. 1831. Ent. Tracts, Vol. 1.

Notice sur George Cuvier. 8vo. Paris, 1832.

Observations sur un Insecte qui passe une grande partie de sa vie

sous la mer. Nouy. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. t. I1J. Paris, 1833.

Ent. Tracts. 4to.

Meloe collégial. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1835. Ent. Tracts.

Lettre concernant des Calculs trouvés dans les canaux biliaires d’un

cerf-volant Femelle (Lucanus ecapreolus). Ann. Sci. Nat. 1836.

Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5.

Notice sur les Ravages causés dans quelques Cantons du Magonnais

par Ja Pyrale de la Vigne, et sur les moyens qui ont été jugés les

plus convenables pour arréter le fléau. Ann. Sci. Nat. 1837.

Ent. Tracts, Vol. 12.

Considérations nouvelles sur les Dégats occasionés par la Pyrale de la

Vigne. Ann. Sci. Nat. 1837. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 12.

Nouvelles Expériences sur la Nature de la Maladie contagieuse qui

attaque les Vers a Soie, et qu’on designe sous le nom de Muscar-

dine. Ann. Sci. Nat. 1838. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 11.

Recherches anatomiques et physiologiques sur ]la Maladie contagieuse

qui attaque les Vers a4 Soie, et qu’on designe sous le nom de

Muscardine. Ann. Sci, Nat. 1838. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 11.

See MacLeay (W.S.).

Notes on the Thorax of Insects.

AvupouIn (Jéan Victor) et Minne-Epwarps (H.).

Recherches anatomiques sur le Systeme Nerveux. Ann. Sci. Nat.

1828, Ent. Tracts, Vol. 13.

Résumé des Recherches sur les Animaux sans Vertébres faites aux

Iles Chausey. Ann. Sci. Nat. 1828. »Ent. Tracts, Vol. 13.

Aupouin (Jéan Victor) et Brutus (Aug.).

Description des Espéces nouvelles ou peu connues de la Famille des

Cicindelétes. Archiv. du Mus. t. I. 1840. Ent. Tracts. 4to.

Bacu (M.), Kaferfauna ftir Nord- und Mitteldeutschland, mit besonderer Ruck-

sicht auf die Preussischen Rheinlande, 2 Vols. in One. Syo.

Coblenz, 185], 1854.

Sa Lin

OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. iil

Bapwam (David), Insect Life. 12mo. Edinburgh, 1845.

Baker (Henry), Employment for the Microscope. In two Parts. 8vo. Lond.

1758.

Baty (Joseph 8.), Catalogue of Hispide in the Collection of the British

Museum. Part I. 8vo. Lond. 1858.

Descriptions of new Species of Phytophagous Beetles. Ann, Mag.

Nat. Hist. 8vo. 1859. Vol. III. Ent. Tracts.

Descriptions of new Species of Phytophagous Beetles. From the

Aiunals and Magaz. Nat. Hist. for March, 1859, Vol. III.

3rd Ser. Pamphlet. Tracts. Coleopt.

BARTHELEMY-LAPOMMERAYE ( ), On Carabe d’ Agassiz (Carabus Agassizi).

Ent. Tracts. Vol. 4.

Bee-Keeper, A short and simple Letter to Cottagers from a conservative Bee-

Keeper. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 8. 8vo. 1838.(?)

Bees: Apiarium, or a Discourse of the Government and Ordering of Bees.

The Second Edition. 8vo. Lond. 1678.

The Natural History of Bees. Svo. Lond. 1744.

Bee Society, Hints for Promoting a Bee Society. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 8. 8vo.

Lond. 1796.

Betz (Thomas), Hore Carcinologice, or Notes of Crustacea—I. A Mono-

eraph of the Leucosiade. Trans. Linn. Soc, XXI.

BELLARDI (Luigi), Saggio di Ditterologia Messicana, Parte 1%. 4to. Torino.

1859.

BEMMELEN (A. A. Van), Waarnemingen over het trekten van Insekten.

Hand. Nederl. Ent. Vereen, Lieden, 1857. Ent. Tracts, 4to.

Benson (W. H.), Description of four new Species of the Coleopterous Family

of the Pausside, and Notice of a fifth Species forming the Type

of a new Genus. Cal. Jour. Nat. Hist. VI. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5.

Brerenpt (George Carl), Die Insekten im Bernstein: ein Beitrag zur Thier-

geschichte der Vorwelt. Erst. Heft. 4to. Danzig, 1830.

Die im Bernstein befindlichen organischen Reste der Vorwelt. Band 1.

Heft. 1—3. Fol. Berlin, 1845.

Bericht (Zweiter), uber die Arbeiten der Entomologischen Sektion im Jahre

1850. 4to.

Berkevey (M.1I.), On a Gall gathered in Cuba by W.S. Macleay upon the

Leaf of a Plant belonging to the Order Ochnacee. ‘Trans. Linn.

Soc. XVITI.

BerkeNHouT (John), Synopsis of the Natural History of Great Britain and

Ireland, being the Third Edition of the Outlines, corrected and

considerably enlarged. 2 Vols. 8vo. Lond. 1795.

BeRTEZEN (Salvator), Réflexions sur les Moyens d’améliorer la Culture de la

Soie en France. Ent. Tracts. 8vo. Paris, 1792.

Bevan (Edward), The Honey Bee, its Natural History and Physiology and

Management. 8vo. Lond. 1827.

Second Edition. 8yvo. Lond. 1858.

Hints on the History and Management of the Honey Bee. Ent.

Tracts. Vol.8. 12mo. Hereford, 1851.

Broce (Edward), Observations on the Natural History of two Species of

Wasps. Ent. Tracts. Vol.8. S8vo. Oxford, 1835.

BLAcKWALL (John), ‘the Difference in the Number of Eyes with which the

Spiders are provided, proposed as the Basis of their Distribution

into Tribes, &c. Trans. Linn. Soc. XVIII.

A Catalogue of Spiders either not previously recorded or little known

as indigenous to Great Britain, with Remarks on their Habits

and Economy. ‘Trans, Linn. Soc. XIX.

iv CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY

Biackwauu (John). Experiments and Observations on the Poison of Animals

of the Order Araneidea. Trans. Linn. Soc. XXI.

Researches in Zoology, illustrative of the Manners and Economy of

Animals; with Descriptions of numerous Species new to Natu-

ralists. Svyo. Lond. 1834.

Brancuarp (Emile). See Larorte (F. L. de, Comte de Castelneau), His-

toire Naturelle des Insectes Orthoptéres, Néuropteres, Hémip-

téres, Hyménoptéres, Lépidoptéres et Diptéres, avec une intro-

duction par M. Brullé. 8vo. Paris, 1840.

Histoires des Insectes. Traitant de leurs meeurs et de leurs méta-

morphoses en général, et comprenant une nouvelle classification

fondée sur leurs rapports naturels. 2 Vols. 12mo. Paris, 1845.

BruMensACcH (J. F.) A Manual of the Elements of Natural History by J. F.

Blumenbach, translated from the tenth German Edit., by R. T.

Gore. 8vo. Lond. 1825.

Boueman (C. H.). See SCHOENHERR (C. J.).

Nya Svenska Homoptera. K. Vetensk-Akad. 1847. Ent. Tracts.

Vol. 6.

Insecta Caffraria annis 1838—1845 a J. A. Wahlberg collecta,

descripsit Carolus H. Boheman. Coleoptera. Pars I. Fascic.

1,2. Pars II. Fascic.1. 8vo. Holmiz, 1848—1857.

Monographia Cassididarum. 3 Tom. 8vo. Holmiae, 1850—1855.

Coleoptora: Species novas descripsit. Virgin. Eugenies Resa om-

kring Jorden. Entom. Bidrag. Acad. Roy. des Sci. de Stock-

holm, 1858.

Botspuvau (J. A.) et GUENEE, Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Species gé-

néral des Lépidoptéres. 10 Tomes. Planches. 8vo. Paris, 1886.

Essai sur une Monographie des Zygénides. 8vo. Paris, 1829.

Histoire générale et Iconographie des Lépidoptéres et des Chenilles

de l’Amérique septentrionale. S8vo. Paris, 1829.

See DEJEAN (Le Comte P. F. M. G.).

Borrarp (——), Traité de la Culture du Mirier et de l’Education des Vers a

Soie.. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 10. 8vo. Paris, 1828.

Bonant (P.), Observationes circa viventia, que in rebus non viventibus re-

perivntvr. Cym Micrographia cvriosa, sine Rerum minutissi-

marum Observationibus, qua ope Microscopij recognite ad viuum

exprimuntur. His accesserunt aliquot Animalium Testaceorum

Tcones non antea in lucem edite. 4to. Rome, 1691.

Bonar (James), A Treatise on the Natural History and Management of Bees.

8vo. Edinb. 1796.

Bonnet (Charles de), Giuvres d’Histoire Naturelle et de Philosophie. 18

Tom. 8vo. Neuchatel, 1779—1783.

Bonvoutoir (H. De), Essai Monographique sur la Famile de Throscides.

8vo. Paris, 1859.

Booru (A.), The Stranger’s Intellectual Guide to London for 1839-40. (This

little work contains a history of the rise and progress of the Ento-

mological Society.) 8vo. Lond. 1839.

Bosquer (J.), Description des Entomostracés fossiles des terrains tertiaires de

la France et de la Belgique. Mém. Cour. et Mém. Sav. Etrang.

de l’Acad. Roy. de Belgique, t. xxiv.

Bourver (L’Abbé), Mémoire sur les Podurelles. From Mem. Soc. Roy. Agri.

Sci. Dép. du Nord, 1841—1842. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 1. 8vo.

Douai, 1843.

Brawnpr (J. F.), Recueil de Mémoires relatifs a l}Ordre des Insectes Myria-

podes. Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Peterb. t. v. vi. vii. vill, ix.

Ent. Tracts. Vol. 1. 8&vo, St. Petersbourg, 1841.

OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. v

Braver (Friedrich), Beitrage zur Kenntniss des innern Baues und der Ver-

wandlung der Neuropteren. Zool.-botan.-Vereins in Wien. 8vyo.

1855. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 7.

See FRAUENFELD (G.)

BreMme (Marquis F. de), Reflexions sur la Classification des Insectes, selon la

méthode naturelle. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3. 8vo. Paris, 1842.

Monographie de quelques Genres de Coléopteres Hétéromeres appar-

tenant a la Tribu des Blapsides. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 4. 8vo.

Paris, 1842.

Sur le Genre Ceratites de M. Macleay. Ann. Soc. Ent. de France,

tom. 1. 1842. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 6.

Essai monographique et iconographique de la Tribu des Cossyphides.

2 Partie. 8vo. Paris, 1842—1846.

Bromwicu (Bryan J’Anson), The experienced Bee-keeper, containing an Essay

on the Management of Bees, etc. The Second Edition, 8vo.

Lond. 1783.

Brown (Robert), Directions for collecting and preserving Plants in Foreign

Countries. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 10.

Brute (A.), Animaux articulés recueillis aux tiles Canaries, par MM. Webb

et Berthelot. Letter-press only. 4to. Paris, 1S—.

See AuDOUIN (Jean Victor).

Sec LAvorte (F.)

BurMetster (Hermann). See D’Atron (E.)

A Manual of Entomology, translated from the German of Dr. H. B.

by W. E. Shuckard. 8vo. Lond. 1836.

Zur Naturgeschichte der Gattung Calandra, nebst Beschreibung einer

neuen Art: Calandra Sommeri. (Ent.'Tracts, 4to.) 4to. Berlin,

1837.

Untersuchungen tber die Flugeltypen der Coleopteren. Abh. Nat.

Ges. zu Halle. 38r Band. Ent. Tracts, 4to.

Bemerkungen uber den allgemeinen Bau und die Geschlechtsunter-

schiede bei den Arten der Gattune Scolia, Fabr. Abh. Nat.

Ges. zu Halle, lr. Band, 4to. Ent. Tracts, 4to.

Handbuch der Entomologie. Band 1—d. 8vo. Berlin, 1832—1847

Abbildungen nebst deren Erklarung zum zweiten und den folgenden

Theilen des Handbuchs der Entomologie. 4to. Berlin.

Beschreibung einiger neuen oder weniger bekannten Schmarotzer-

krebse. Acta Acad. Ces. Leop. Carol. Nat. Cur. t. xvii. 1833.

Ent. Tracts. 4:to.

Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der Rankenfisser. 4to. Berlin, 1834.

Bericht uber die Fortschritte der Entomologie in Jahre 1885. 8vo.

Berlin, 1835. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 10.

Genera quedam Insectorum inconibus illustravit et descripsit. Vol. I.

8vo. Berolini, 1838—46.

Athlophorus Klugii: eine neue Gattung der Blattwespen. 'Tenthre-

donide. (Ent. Tracts. 4to.) 4to. Halle, 1847.

Die Verwandlungsgeschichte yon Chlamys monstrosa. Archiy. f.

Natur. Jahrg. I. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 4.

Article Insecta in Allgemeine Enclyclopadie of Ersch and Gruber:

XVIII. 4to. Berlin.

ButLerR (Charles), The Feminine Monarchy; or the History of Bees. To

which is added some Observations of Silk Worms. 12mo. Lond:

1704.

Vill CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY

Costa (Achille), Cimicum regni Neapolitani Centuria secunda. (Ent. Tracts.

Ato.) 4to. Neap. 1844.

Storia completa dell’ Entombia Apum, A. Cos. (nuovo genere d’ insetti

ditteri), Atti R. Istit.d’ Incoragg. 4to. Vol. VIT. 1845, Ent.

Tracts. 4to.

Nota sul Genere Opsebius frai Ditteri enopidei. 8vo. Napoli, 1857.

Ent. Tracts. Vol. 6.

Costa (O. G.), Nuove Osservazioni intorno alle Cocciniglie ed ai loro pretesi

Maschi. (Ent. Tracts. 4to.) 4to. Napoli, 1836.

Monografia degl’ Insetti ospitanti sull’ Ulivo e nelle Olive. Edizione

II. Napoli, 1842, Int. Tracts. 8vo.

Corre (C.), Extrait des Mémoires envoyés au Concours pour Je Prix proposé

par la Société d’ Agriculture du Département de la Seine, en l’An

VIIL., et adjugé en l’An IX., sur l'éducation des Abeilles. 8vo.

Paris, An XI.

Courrecu Du Pont ( ),; Manuel populaire pour I’ Educateur de Vers a Soie,

ou Rapport @’une Education faite en Avril et Mai, 1842. 8vo.

Tarascon, 1843. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 11.

Cox (Charles James), Paper on the destructive Powers of the Scolytus destructor

and of the Cossus Ligniperda, with a certain method of their re-

moval. Roy. Bot. Soc. Lond. 4to. 1848. Ent. Tracts, 4to.

Cramer (P.), De Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie Waereld-

Deelen Asia, Africa en America, by een verzameld en beschreeven

door den Heer Pieter Cramer. The Text in Dutch and French.

5 Deel. 4to. Amsterdam, 1779—91.

CrevuTzer (Christian), Entomologische Versuche. 8vo. Wien, 1779.

Curtis (John), British Entomology, being illustrations and descriptions of the

Genera of Insects found in Great Britain and Ireland, containing

coloured figures from nature. 16 Vols. 8vo. Lond. 1823—1840.

Another copy in 10 Vols.

Spider-like Animals [of Trachean Arachnides, the Genus Achlysia.]

Mag. Nat. Hist. Vol. VII. Svo. Lond. 1833. Ent. Tracts. Vol. I.

Descriptions of some nondescript British Species of May-flies of An-

glers. Lond. and Edinb. Phil. Mag. 1834. Ent. Tracts. Vol. VII.

Observations on the Natural History and Economy of the different

Insects affecting the Turnip Crop. 8vo. Lond. 1841. Ent,

Tracts. Vol. XII. .

Descriptions, &c. of the Insects collected by Capt. P. P. King, in the

Survey of the Straits of Magellan. Trans. Linn. Soc. XVIII,

and XIX.

Descriptions of the Nests of two Hymenopterous Insects inhabiting

Brazil, and of the Species by which they were constructed.

Trans. Linn. Soc. XIX. Art. XXIV and XXXII.

On the Genus Myrmica, and other indigenous Ants. Trans. Linn.

Soc. XXI. 1854. Ent. Tracts, 4to.

Remarks relative to the Affinities and Analogies of Natural Objects.

more particularly of Hypocephalus, a Genus of Coleoptera. Trans.

Linn. Soc. XXI. (Ent. Tracts. 4to.) 4to. Lond. 1854.

On the Economy of a new Species of Saw-fly. Trans. Linn. Soc. X XI.

Descriptions, &c. of the Insects brought home by Commander James

Clark Ross, R.N. From Ross, Voy. App.4to. Ent. Tracts, 4to.

Notes on Galls from the Crimea. From the Gardener’s Chronicle,

1855. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 2.

Farm Insects, being the Natural History and Economy of the Insects

injurious to the field crops of Great Britain and Ireland, and also

those which infest barns and granaries. With suggestions for

their destruction. 8yo. London, 1860.

OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. 1X

Cuvier (Le Baron G. L. C. D.4, Rapport fait a l’Académie des Sciences de

Paris, sur un Ouvrage de M.J. Victor Audouin, ayant pour titre:

“Recherches Anatomiques sur le Thorax des Animaux articulés,

et celui des Insectes en particulier.’ (Ent.'Tracts,4to.) 4to. Paris.

Rapport sur trois Mémoires de M.M. Victor Audouin et Milne-

Edwards, relatifs aux Animaux sans Vertébres des Cétes de

la France. Acad. Roy. Sci. 1830. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13.

Cuvirr (Le Baron G. L. C. D.) et Dumurit (Aug.), Rapport fait 4 1’ Académie

Royale des Sciences sur un Mémoire de M. Audouin et Milne-

Edwards, ayant pour titre: ‘ Dela Respiration aérienne des Crus-

tacés et les Modifications que présente l’Appareil branchial chez

les Crabes terrestres.’’ Ann. Sci. Nat. 1828. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13.

Cyriuu (D.), Entomologize Neapolitane. Fol. Neap. 1787.

Dautzom (A. G.), Synopsis Hymenopterologie Scandinavice. Scandinaviska

steklarnes Natur-historia af G. D. Ista Haftet. 4to. Lund.

1839—40.

Zoologiska Studier afhandlande djurrikets Naturliga Familjer till den

Unedomens tjenst utarbetade. Torsta Bandet. 8vyo. Lund.

1856—1857.

Atlas till Zoologiska Studier, Haft 1. Svo. Lund. 1857.

Dattas (W.S.), Description of a new Hemipterous Insect, forming the type

of anew genus. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1852. Ent. Tracts.

Vol. 6.

Elements of Entomology. 8yo. Lond. 1856—1857.

D’Atron (E.) and Burmeister (H), Zeitung fir Zoologie, Zootomie und

Palaezoologie. Jahrg. 1848. 4to. Leipzig. 1848.

Dana (James D.) and WuELPLEY (James), On two American Species of the

Genus Hydrachna. Amer. Jour. Sci. and Arts, Vol. 30. Ent.

Tracts. Vol. 1.

Dana (J. D.) and Herrick (I. C.), On a new Species of Argus. Ent. Tracts.

Vol. 13.

Description of the Argulus Catostomi, a new parasitic crustaceous

Animal (with figures), by J. D. D. and E. C. Herrick. Yale Nat.

Hist. Soc. 1836. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13.

Dana (J. D.), Conspectus Crustaceorum, in orbis terrarum circumnavigatione,

Carolo Wilkes. 8vo. Cautab. U.S. 1847. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 15.

Danpoto (Comte de), L’Art d’élever les Vers a Soie, traduits de l’Italien par

F. Philib. Fontaneilles. Deuxiéme édition. Svo. Lyon, 1825.

Dawson (John Frederic), Geodephaga Britannica; a Monograph of the Car-

nivorous Ground-Beetles indigenous to the British Isles. 8vo,

Lond. 1854.

DesEAN (Le Baron), Catalogue de la Collection de Coléopteres de M. le Baron

Dejean. 8vo. Paris, 1821.

Troisiéme édition, interleaved. 1837.

Species général des Coléoptéres de la Collection de M. le B. Dej.

5 Tom. S8vo. Paris, 1825—31.

Desean (Le Comte) et Borspuvay (J. A.) et AuBE (Ch.), Iconographie ct

Histoire Naturelle des Coléopteres d’Europe. 5 Tomes. 8vo.

Paris, 1829—1837.

Denis (——) und Schiffer-Muller ( ), Verzeichniss der Schmetterlinge

der Wiener Gegend. 4to, Wien. 1776.

x CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY

Denny (Henry), Monographia Pselaphidarum et Scydmenidarum Britannie :

or an Essay on the British Species of the Genera’ Pselaphus of

Herbst and Seydmenus of Latreille. Svo. Norwich, 1825.

DERHAM (W.) See ALBIN (E.)

DesnoroucH (J. G.), On the Duration of Life in the Queen, Drone and

Worker of the Honey Bee; being the Prize Essay of the Ento-

mological Society of London, 1852. Svo. Lond. 1853. Ent.

Tracts. Vol. 8.

DesmarestT (Anselme-Gaetan), Considérations générales sur la Classe des Crus-

tacés, et description des espéces de ces Animaux, qui vivent dans

la mer, sur les cOtes, ou dans les eaux douces de la France. S8vo.

Paris, 1825.

DesvicNneEs (Thomas). See Museum (Britis), Catalogue of British Ichneu-

monide.

DicTionNairE (NovveAv) d’ Histoire Naturelle appliquée aux Arts, etc., par

une Société de Naturalistes et d’ Agriculture. Nouvelle Edition.

36 Tomes. 8vo. Paris, 1816—1819.

Ditiwyn (lL. W.), Memoranda relating to Coleopterous Insects found in the

Neighbourhood of Swansea. Not published. S8vo. Swansea.

Memoranda relating to Coleopterous Insects found in the Neighbour-

hood of Swansea. Not published. Svo. Penllergare, 1829.

Donrn (Anton), Catalogus Hemipterorum. Herausgegeben von dem Ento-

mologischen Verein zu Stettin. S8yo. Stettin, 1859.

Donovan (E.), A Epitome of the Natural History of the Insects of China.

4to. Lond. 1798.

The Natural History of British Insects. 16 Vols. Svo. Lond.

1802—1813.

Dovusiepay (Edward), Remarks on the Genus Argynnis of the “ Encyclopédie

Méthodique,” especially in regard to its Sub-division by means

of Characters drawn from the Neuration of the Wings. Trans.

Linn. Soc. XTX.

Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera. Gray’s Zool. Misc. Ent.

Tracts. Vol. 9.

On some new Species of Butterflies. S8vo. Lond. Ent. Tracts.

Doustepay (Henry), A Synonymic List of British Lepidoptera, including the

Names and Synonyms of all these Insects, excepting the Family

Tineide. 8yvo. Lond. 1850. Ent. Tracts.

Doucias (J. W.). See Starnton (H. T.).

The World of Insects: A Guide to its Wonders. 12mo. London, 1856.

Drury (D.), Hlustrations of Natural History, wherein are exhibited upwards

of two hundred and forty figures of Exotic Insects. Text in

French and English. 3 Vols. 4to. 1770—1782.

Another copy. 8 Vols. bound in 1 Vol.

Nlustrations of Exotic Entomology, containing upwards of six hundred

and fifty figures and descriptions of foreign Insects. A new

Edition, brought down to the present state of the Science by

J.O. Westwood, F.L.S. 3 Vols. Lond. 1837.

Dusosr (J. F.), Méthode avantageuse de Gouverner les Abeilles. Ina Volume

of Tracts. 8vo. Paris, 1800.

Durour (Léon), Recherches Anatomiques sur les Carabiques et sur plusieurs

autres Insectes Coléoptéres. Ann. Sci. Nat. années 1824—1826.

8vo. Paris, 1824—1826:

OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. xl

Durour (Léon), Description et Figures de quelques Especes du Genre Pha-

langium, observées en Espagne. S8vo. Paris, 1831. Misc. Ent.

Pamph.

Description et Figures de quelques Aranéides nouvelles ou mal

connues ; et Procédé pour conserver a sec ces invertébrés dans

les Collections.. 8vo. Paris, 1831. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 1.

Recherches Anatomiques et Physiologiques sur les Hémipteres.

Mém. des Savans étrang. Tom. IV. 4to. Paris, 1833.

Mémoire pour servir 4 I’ Histoire de ]’ Industrie et des Métamorphoses

des Odynéres, et Description du quelques nouvelles Especes de

ce Genre d’Insectes. Ann. Sci. Nat. 1839. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 8.

Révision et Monographie du Genre Ceroplatus, Ann. Sci. Nat. 1839.

Ent. Tracts. Vol. 6.

Description des Galles du Verbascum et du Scrophularia et des

Insectes qui les habitent. Extrait des Annales des Sciences

Naturelles. S8vo. Paris, 1846.

Histoire Anatomique et Physiologique des Scorpions. 4to. Paris,

1856.

Fragments d’Anatomie Entomologique. Extrait des Annales des

Sciences Naturelles. Svo. Paris, 1857.

Fragments d’Anatomie Entomologique sur les Buprestides, stivis de

la Description d’une Espéce nouvelle de Cychius d’ Espagne.

Extrait des Archives Entomologiques. 8vo. Paris, 1858.

Fragments Anatomiques sur quelques Coléoptéres. Extrait des

Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Svyo. Paris,

Recherches Anatomiques sur les Hyménoptéres de la Famille des

Urocerates. Extrait des Annales des Sciences Naturelles. S8vo.

Paris, 5

Note sur l’Absence dans le Nemoptera Lusitanica d’un Systeme

nerveux appréciable. Extrait des Annales des Sciences Na-

turelles. 8vo. Paris, ——.

Fragments Anatomiques sur quelques Elaterides. Extrait des Annales

des Sciences Naturelles. S8vo. Paris, ;

Mémoire sur une nouvelle Espéce de Belostoma (B. algeriense) et

Réflexions sur ce Genre d’ Hémipteéres aquatiques. 8vo. ’

Durrscumip (Kaspar), Fauna Austrie. 8 Theil. Svo. Linz. und Leipzig,

1805—1825.

Dumeri (A. M.C.) See Minne-Epwarps (H.)

Rapport sur un Mémoire de M. Audouin, relatif aux Métamorphoses

d’une Chenille du Genre Dosithée, et sur une Larve d’Ichneumon

qui vit dans son intérieur. Svyo. Paris, 1834.

Duncan (James), See Witson (James).

Entomologia Edinensis.

Duront (M. H.), Monographie des Trachyderides, par M. Dupont, jeune.

Guérin, Mag. d’Ent. 1856, 1838, 1840.

Durrocuet (R. H. Joach.), Rapport sur divers travaux entrepris au sujet de la

Maladie des Vers a Soie, connue vulgairement sous le nom de

Muscardine. Svo. Paris, 1838. Ent. Tracts. Vol. XI.

Ecoer (J.) See FRAUNFELD (G.)

E1cuts (James), Description of a new Animal belonging to the Arachnides

of Latreille; discovered in the Sea along the Shores of the Sea

of New South Shetland Islands. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. Vol. I.

Xli CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY

EncycLorgpre Méruopiaur. Histoire naturelle. Insecres. Tom. 4—10.

4to. Paris, 1789—1825.

ENGELMANN (Wilhelm) Bibliotheca Historico-Naturalis. S8vo. Leipsia, 1846.

Ericuson (Wilh. Ferd.), Die Kafer der Mark Brandenburg, beschrieben von

W.H. Erster Band. Svo. Berlin, 1837—39.

Entomographien. Heft 1. 8vo. Berlin, 1840.

Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschlands. Vol. 3. 8vo. Berlin

1845—48.

Genera et Species Staphylinorum insectorum Coleopterorum familiz.

8vo. Berlin, 1839—40.

Escuscuoitz. See LEQUIEN ( ):

Esrer (Eug. John Christoph), Die Schmetterlinge in Abbildungen nach der

Natur, mit Beschreibungen. Erster Theil. 4to. Erlangen, 1777.

Evans (W. E.), British Libelluline; or Dragon Flies. Privately printed.

8vo. Lond. 1845.

Fabricius (J. C.), Systema Entomologie. Edit. secunda. 8vo, Flensburgi

et Lipsie, 1775.

Genera Insectorum. 8yo. Chilonii, 1776.

Another copy.

Philosophia Entomologica. 8vo. Hamborgi et Kilonii, 1778.

Mantissa Insectorum. 2'Tom. 8vo. Hafniz, 1788.

Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta, secundum classes, ordines,

genera, species. 4 Tom. 8vo. Hafnix, 1792—94.

Supplementum. 8vo. Ibid. 1798.

Nomenclator Entomologicus. 8vo. Mancunii, 1796.

Systema Rhyngotorum. 8vo. Brunsvige, 18038.

Systema Antliatorum. 8vo. Brunsyige, 1805.

Fapricius (Otho), Fauna Grenlandica. 8vo. Hafnie et Lipsiz, 1780.

FaLrpERMAN (F.), Bereicherung zur Kiifer-Kunde des Russischen Reiches.

Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. de Moscou. Tom. IX. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 4.

Additamenta Entomologica ad Faunam Rossicam in itineribus jussu

imperatoris augustissimi annis 1827—1831 a Cl. Ménétriés et

Snovitz susceptis collectz, in lucem edita auctore F. F. Nouv.

Mem. Soc. Imp. des Nat. de Moscou. Tom. IV. 4to. Moscou,

1835.

Coleopteorum ab illustrissimo Bungio in China boreali, Mongolia et

Montibus Altaicis collectorum, illustrationes. Mém. de St. Pet.

Say. Etrang. Tom. II. 4to. 1836.

FARMER (C.), A Notice of the Ravages of the Cane Fly, a small winged Insect,

on the Sugar Canes of Grenada, including some facts on its

habits. Mag. Nat. Hist. Vol. VI. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 12.

Ficzac (Champollion), Account of a new Species of Insect of the Genus

Corynetes of Fabricius observed in an Egyptian Mummy at

Grenoble; published in the Magazin Encyclopédique, May,

1814, and in the Phil. Mag. and Jour. Vol. XLIV. p. 131, 1814.

Fisner pe WawpuHeEIm (Gotthelf), Sur les Spectres ou Phasmides. Ent.

Tracts. 8vo. Moscou.

Notice sur le Phlocerus, Genre nouveau d’Orthopteres de la Russie.

Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. de Moscou, 1833. Ent. Tracts, Vol. 6.

Notice sur l’Eurypterus de Podolie et Chirotherium de Livonie.

(Ent. Tracts. 4to.) 4to. Moscou, 1839.

Catalogus Coleopterorum in Sibiria Orientali, Bull, de Moscou,

1842. Ent. Traets. Vol. 4.

OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. xiil

FrsHER DE WALDHEIM (Gotthelf), Entomographie de la Russie. Tom. 4 and 5:

Orthoptéres de la Russie — Lépidoptéres de la Russie. 4to,

Moscou, 1846-1851.

Jubil2um semisecularem doctoris medicine et plilosophie# G. I’. de

W. celebrant Sodales Societatis Cesaree Nature Scrutatorum

Mosquensis, die _*_ Februarii, Ann. mpcccextvii. Fol. Mosq.

1847 ice

Fiscner (Sebastian), Abhandlung tber die in der Umgebung von St. Peters-

bourg vorkommenden Crustaceen aus der Ordnung der Branchio-

poden und Entomostraceen. (Ent. Tracts. 4to.) 4to. St. Pe-

tersbourg, 1848.

Abhandlung tber eine neue Daphnienart, Daphnia aurita; und uber

die Daphnia laticornis, Jurine. Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou,

1849, Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13.

Erginzungen, Berichtigungen und Fortsetzung zu der Abhandlung

uber die in der Umgebung von St. Petersburg vorkommenden

Crustaceen aus der Ordnung der Branchiopoden und Ento-

mostraceen. (Ent. Tracts. 4to.) 4to. St. Petersbourg, 1850.

Fitcu (Asa), On the Hessian Fly. 8vo. Albany, 1847.

The American Currant Moth (Abraxas? Ribearia). 8vo. Albany,

1848.

First and second Report of the noxious, beneficial and other Insects,

of the State of New York. 8vo. Albany, 1856.

Foerster (Arnold), Hymenopterologische Studien. 1's Heft. Formicarix.

(Ent. Tracts, 4to.) 4to. Aachen, 1850.

FontTANEILLES (Philibert), See DANDoLo (Comte de).

Forster (Joh. Reinholdus), Nove Species Insectorum. Centuria I. 8vo.

Lond. 1771.

Enchiridion Historia Naturali inserviens, quo Termini et Delinea-

tiones ad Avium, Piscium, Insectorum et Plantarum adumbra-

tiones intelligendas et concinnandas, secundum Methodum Sys-

tematis Linnzani continentur. 8vo. Edinb. 1794.

Fourcroy (A. F. de), Entomologia Parisiensis. Pars I.—II. 12mo. Paris,

1785.

FRAUENFELD (Georg), Uber eine neue Fliegengattung: Raymondia. Akad.

d. Wissensch. Wien. Bd. XVIII. 1855.

Beitrag zur Fauna Dalmatien’s. Aus Sitz. Math. Nat. Class. Kais.

Akad. Wien. 8vyo.

Die Gallen: Versuch die durch Insecten an den Pflanzen verursachten

Auswuchse nach ihren Haupttypen und Wachsthums-verhalt-

nissen Naturgemiiss zu gruppiren. From Sitzungsb. Math. Nat.

Cl. Akad. d. Wissensch. Bd. XV. S8vo. Wien, 1855.

Die Linsengallen der osterreichischen Eichen. S8vo. Moscau, 1856.

Uber Raymondia, Strebla und Brachytarsina, von G. F. Aus der

Sitzungsb. Math. Nat. Classe Kais. Akad. Wiss. Bd. XXII.

8vo. Wien, 1857. :

Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der Trypeten, nebst Beschreibung

einiger neuer Arten. Aus der Sitzungsb. Mat. Nat. Classe der

Kais. Akad. Bd. XXII. 8vo, Wien, 1857.

Beobachtungen tuber die Entwicklungsgeschichte der Chionea Ara-

neoides yon Dr. J. Egger und Georg Frauenfeld, nebst Anatomie

des Insectes und der Larve von Fr. Brauer. 8vo. Wien.

Beitrag zur Insectengeschichte. Syo. Wien.

XIV CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY

FRAUENFELD (Georg), Ueber einen bisher verkannten Laufkafer beschrieben

von L. Miller, und einen neuen augenlosen Russelkiafer, be-

schrieben von F. Schmidt; ferner einige von Schmidt in Schischka

neu entdeckte Hohlenthiere.

Ueber die ersten Stande von Plinthus Megerlei, Pz.

Ueber exotische Pflanzenauswuchse, erzeugt von Insecten.

Diagnosen einiger neuer Insecten und Untersuchung mehrerer Sand-

proben verschiedener Kustenpunkte, gesammelt wahrend der

Reise Sr. Majestat Fregatte Novara.

FREEMAN (John), Life of the Rey. William Kirby, M.A., Rector of Barham.

8vo. Lond. 1852.

Friscu (John Leonard), Beschreibung von allerley Insecten in Deutschland,

nebst nutzlichen Anmerkungen und nothigen Abbildungen von

diesem kriechenden und fliezenden inlandischen Gewurme. 13

Theilen. 4to. Berlin, !1736—1766.

Fuessty (Joh. Caspar), Verzeichniss der ihm bekannten Schweizerischen

Inseckten, mit einer ausgemahlten Kupfertafel: nebst der An-

kundigung eines neuen Insecten Werks. 4to. Zirich und

Winterthur, 1776.

Archives de l' Histoire des Insectes, publiées en Allemand par J.G.F.;

traduites en Frangois. 4to. Winterthour, 1794.

Another copy.

See Journal (Zuricu),

GASPARIN (De). See MitnNE-Epwarps (H.).

GeEpDE (John), A New Discovery of an Excellent Method of Bee-Houses,

and Colonies. 8vo. Lond. 1676.

Geer (C. de), Mémoires pour servir a 1’ Histoire des Insectes. 7 Tomes. 4to.

Stockholm, 1752—78.

Genera et Species Insectorum; reddidit Anders Johan Retxius. 8vo.

Lipsie, 1783.

GEMMINGER (Max.), Systematische Uebersicht der Kafer um Munchen. 8vo.

_ dena, 1851.

GeEné (Guiseppe), Sugli Insetti pit nocivi. Svo. Milano, 1827. Ent. Tracts.

Observations sur les Hyménopteéres d’ Europe de la Famille des Fouis-

seurs, par P. L. Vander Linden. From Ann. Sci. Reg. Lomb.

Veneto, 1831. (Ent. Tracts, 4to.) 4to. Padova, 1831.

Saggio di una Monografia delle Forficule indigene. Ann. Sci. Reg.

Lomb.-Veneto. (Ent. Tracts, 4to.) 4to. Padova, 1832.

Sui Bruchi che in primavera danneggiano eli alberi dei viali attorno

alla citta di Torino, e specialmente le quercie dei repari. S8vo.

Firenze, 1834. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 12.

Osservazioni sulle Abitudini e sulla Larva dell’ Apalus bimaculatus.

Ann. Sci. Reg. Lomb. Veneto, 1831]. (Ent. Tracts, 4to.) 4to.

Padova, 1839.

Memoria per servire alla Storia naturale di aleuni Imenotteri del Cav.

Giu. G. (Ent. Tracts, 4to.) 4to. Modena, 1842.

Memoria per servire alla Storia naturelle di una Specie di Cecidomia

che vive sugli Iperici. Mem.R. Accad. Sci. Torino. Ent. Tracts.

Ato.

Considerazioni sui danni, che dalla distruzione degli uccelli insettivori

provengono all’ Agricoltura. 8vo. Firenze, 1834, Ent. Tracts.

GENTH (Fred. Aug.). See Gisss (Walcott).

OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XV

Georrroy (E. L.), Histoire abrégée des Insectes qui se trouvent aux environs

de Paris. 2 Tomes. 4to. Paris, 1762.

GEOFFROY Saint Hiarre (Etienne), Rapport fait a l’Académie Royale des

Sciences sur un travail de M.M. Victor Audouin et Milne-

Edwards, ayant pour titre; Recherches anatomiques sur le

Systeme nerveux des Crustacés. Ann. des Sci, Nat. 1828. Ent.

Tracts. Vol. 13.

Germar (Ernst Friedrich). JInsectorum Species nove aut minus cognite

descriptionibus illustrate. Vol. I. Coleoptera. 8vo. Hala,

1824.

Zeitschrift fur die Entomologie, herausgegeben von E.F,G. Band L.,

2 Heft. Band II., 2 Heft. Band III., 1 and 2 Heft. 8vo.

Leipzig, 1839—1841.

Zeitschrift fur die Entomologie. 5 Vols. 8vo. Leipzig, 1839-44.

GersTAECKER(A.), Entomographien. Erster Band. Monographie der Familie

Endomychidee. 8vo. Leipzig, 1858.

GIMMERTHAL (B. G.), Zwolf neue Dipteren beschrieben und Namens des Natur-

forschenden Vereins zu Riga, (Ent. Tracts. 4to.) 4to. Riga,

1847.

GistL (Joh.), Enumeratio Coleopterorum agri Monacensis. Svo. Monach.

Systema Insectorum. Tom. I. Coleoptera. 8vo. Monachii, 1837.

Ueber eine neue Familie, Sippe und Gattung aus der Ordnung der

Kafer. 8vo. Munchen, 1836. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5.

GoEDART (Joa.), Insectis in Methodum redactus; cum notularum additione.

Item appendicis ad Historiam Animalium Anglize ejusdem

M., Lister, altera editio hic quoque exhibetur. 8vo. Lond. 1685.

Another copy.

Metamorphosis et Historia naturalis Insectorum, cum commentariis

D. Joannis de Mey. 12mo. Medioburgi, 1662.

Goopsir (H. D. S8.), On two New Species of Leachia. Edinb. New Phil. Mag.

1841. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13.

Descriptions of some new Crustaceous Animals found in the Firth of

Forth. Edinb. New Phil. Mag. 1842. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13.

On the Sexes, Organs of Reproduction and mode of Development of

the Cirripeds. Account of the Maidre of the Fishermen, and

description of some new Species of Crustaceans. Edinb. New

Phil. Mag. 1843. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13.

Description of the Genus Cuma and of two new Genera nearly allied

to it. Edinb. New Phil. Mag. 1843. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13.

The Genus Cetochilus, belonging to the Order Copepoda, and the

Family Pontia of M. Edwards. Edinb. New Phil. Mag. 1845.

Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13.

Descriptions of some new Species of Pycnogonide. Edinb. New Phil.

Mag. 1842. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13,

On a new Genus, and on six new Species of Crustacea, with Observa-

tions on the Development of the Egg, and on the Metamorphoses

of Calligus, Carcinus and Pagurus. Edinb. New Phil. Mag. Vol.

33. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13.

Notice of Observations on the Developement of the seminal Fluid and

Organs of Generation in the Crustacea, Edinb, New Phil. Mag.

1844, Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13.

Gore (R. T.). See BLuMENBACH (J. F.).

xvi CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY

Gory (Hyppol. Louis), Description de l’Oxychiela Distigma. Guérin, Mag.

Zool. 1831. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 8.

Description du Zuphium fuscum. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1831. Ent.

Tracts. Vol. 3.

Description du Cordistes quadrimaculata. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1831.

Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3.

Description du Pamborus Guerinii. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1831. Ent.

Tracts. Vol. 3.

Centurie de Carabiques nouveaux, Ann. Soc, Ent. de France, 1832.

Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5.

Monographie du Genre Notiophygus. Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, 1834.

Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5.

Gory (H.) et Percueron (A.), Monographie des Cétoines et Genres voisins,

formant, dans les familles naturelles de Latreille, la division des

scarabées Mélitophiles. 8vo. Paris, 1833.

Gossr (P. H.), The Canadian Naturalist. Svo. Lond. 1850.

Gouup (Augustus A.), Cicindele of Massachusetts. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist.

V ol. I.

Gou tp (William), An Account of English Ants. 12mo. Lond. 1747.

GRAELLS (Mariano de la Pax), Noticias sobre las Larvas de las Agapanthias,

que podran utilezarse en la Historia general de este genero.

Mem. Real. Acad. Cien. Madrid, t. I. p.68. 4to. 1850, fig.

Descripcion de algunos Insectos nuevos pertenecientes 4 la Fauna

Central de Espana. Mem. Real. Acad. Cien. Madrid, t. I. p.

109, fig. 4to. 1851.

Gravennorst (J. L. C.), Monographia Coleopterorum Micropterorum. 8vo.

Gottinge, 1806.

Monographia Ichneumonum pedestrium premisso preemio de transitu

et mutibilitate specierum et varietatum. Svo. Lipsiw, 1815.

Ichneumonologia Europea. 8 Pars. 8vo. Vratislaviee, 1829.

Universitatis literarum Wratislaviensis H. 'T. Rector J. L. C. Graven-

horst cum senatu novi rectoris in annum proximum constituti

clariss. viri Henrici Steffens solemnem inaugurationem die xix.

Oct. hora xi. in Aula Leopoldina celebrandam indicit. Insunt

monita queedam de speciebus nigris Ichneumonum. (Ent. Tracts.

4to.) 4to. Wratislavie, 1829.

Gray (George Robert), Descriptions and Figures of some new Lepidopterous

Insects chiefly from Nepal. 8vo. Lond. 1846.

The Entomology of Australia, in a Series of Monographs. Part I.

containing the Monograph of the Genus Phasma. (Ent. ‘Tracts.

Ato.) 4to. Lond. 1833.

Synopsis of the Species of Insects belonging to the Family of Phasmide.

8vo. Lond. 1835.

GuENEE(A.) See Botspuvat (J. A.).

GuERIN-MENEVILLE. See GUERIN.

See Journal (Parts), Magazin de Zoologie.

Guerin (F. E.), Mémoire sur deux nouveaux Genres de I’ Ordre des Coleopteres,

et Description des Especes qui les composent. Ann. Soc. Ent.

1822. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5.

OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Xvi

Guerin (F. E.), Mémoire sur |’Organization extérieure des Phyllosomes, et

Monographie de ce Genre de Crustacés. Guérin, Mag. 1833,

Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13.

Notice sur les Métamorphoses des Cératopogons et Description de

deux Espeéces nouvelles de ce Genre. Ann. Soc. Ent. de France,

1833. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 6.

Description de Fulgora Castresii. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1836. Ent.

Tracts. Vol. 3.

Description du Calognathus Chevrolatii. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1836.

Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3.

Description de quelques Genres nouveaux de Crustacés appartenant a

la Famille des Hyperines. Guérin, Mag. 1836. Ent. Tracts.

Vol. 13.

Prodrome d’une Monographie des Myzines. Dict. Pitt. d’Hist. Nat.

t. V. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 8.

Note monographique sur le Genre Limnadie, et Description d’une

Espéce nouvelle de ce Genre. Guérin, Mag. 1837, Ent. Tracts.

Vol. 13.

Et Perrotret (——), Mémoire sur un Insecte et un Champignon

qui ravagent les Cafiers aux Antilles. Svo. Paris, 1842. Ent.

‘Eracts: “Vol.:12:

Concours pour les bonnes Observations sur les Insectes nuisibles a

l’Agriculture. Soc. Roy. et Cent. d’Agric. 1845. Ent. Tracts.

Vol. 12.

Insectes nuisibles aux Récoltes, moyens d’arriver 2 leur Destruction.

Extrait Congrés Central d’Agric. Paris, 1851. Ent. Tracts.

Vol. 2.

Crustacés du Voyage de la Favorite. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 8vo.

Paris, 1838.

Insectes du Voyage de la Favorite. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 8vo. Paris,

1838.

Notice sur quelques Insectes nuisibles au Froment, au Seigle, a

lOrge et au Tréfle. Svo. Paris, 1843. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 12.

Note sur les Acariens, les Myriapodes, les Insectes et les Helminthes

observés jusqu’ici dans les pommes de terre malades. Bull. Roy.

et Cent. d’Agric. Svo. Paris, 1845. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 12.

Essai sur les Lépidoptéres du Genre Bombyx qui donnent ou qui

donneront de la Soie. Ency. Mod. t. VI. Svo. Paris, 1847.

Ent. Tracts. Vol. 9.

Nécessité d’introduire l’Etude de la Zoologie dans l’enseignement

Agricole. From Journ. Agric. Pratiq. 1847. Ent. Tracts.

Vol. 2.

Note sur le Dommage causé en 1846 aux Récoltes d’Olives par le

Ver ou Larve du Dacus olee. Extrait Rev. Zool. 1847. Ent.

Tracts. Vol. 2.

Arachnides du Voyage de la Favorite. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 8yo.

Paris, 1848.

Essai sur les Insectes utiles et nuisibles. Extrait Encyclop. Mod. t.

XVIII. 8vo. Paris, 1848. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 2.

Et Rosert (Eugéne), Premicre Série d’Expériences sur la Mus-

cadine faites par G. et R. a Saint Tulle, prés Manosque

(Basses-Alpes), 1847. Extr. des Ann. Soc, Séric. Ent. Tracts.

Vol. 2.

Analyse des Expériences sur a Muscardine et les autres Maladies des

Vers a Soie en 1849, par M. M. Guérin Ménéville et Eugéne Robert.

Extrait Ann. Soc. Séric. 1849. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 2.

vou. y.—1861, b

XVill CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY

Guerin (F. E.), Extrait des Matériaux recueillis a la Magnanerie expérimen-

tale de Sainte-Tulle, pres Manosque, pendant la Campagne

séricole de 1850, sur les Maladies des Vers a Soie et sur la

recherche des moyens d’améliorer leurs races. Rev. et Mag. de

Zool. 1850. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 2.

Enumération des Insectes qui consomment les Tabacs. Extrait Rev.

et Mag. Zool. 1850. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3.

Rapport sur deux Mémoires de M. Guérin Ménéyille par M. Du-

méril. Svo. Paris, 1851.

Description du Genre Hypoconcha, nouveaux Crabes, faux Ber-

nards l’Hermite, qui protégent leur corps avec la moitié d’une

coquille bivalve. Rey. et Mag. de Zool. 1854. Ent. Tracts.

Vol. 3.

Note sur la Muscardine et sur les procédés a l'aide desquels la veuve

Montserrat parvient a assainir les Magnaneries et a préserver les

Vers a Soie de cette désastreuse maladie. Rev. et Mag. Zool.

1856. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3.

Et Rozsert (Eugene), Recherches sur la Muscardine faites a la

Magnanerie de Sainte-Tulle. From Ann. Prov. d’Agric. Ent.

Tracts. Vol. 2.

Cocons André-Jean et Brouski. Rey. et Mag. de Zool. 1856.

Tconographie du Regne Animal de G. Cuvier, ou Représentation

d’aprés Nature de l’une des Espéces les plus remarquables et

souvent non encore figurées de chaque Genre d’Animaux. Avec

un Texte descriptif mis au courant de la Science. Ouvrage

pouvant servir d’Atlas 4 tous les Traités de Zoologie. Insectes.

2 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1829—1844.

Guyon (G.), A List of the British Species of Geodephaga, intended for marking

Desiderata and labelling Collections; taken from Mr. Dawson’s

Geodephaga Britannica. 8vo. Lond.

GYLLENHAL (Leonard.), Insecta Suecica descripta a L.G. Classis 1, Coleop-

tera sive Eleuterata. Tom. I. Pars I.—IV.: cum appendice ad

partes priores. 8vo. Scaris et Lipsie, 1808—27,

See SCHOENHERR (C, S.).

Haan (W. de), Letter-press of the Crustacea of the Fauna Japonica. The pre-

face only. 4to. Leiden.

See LYONET (Pierre).

Hacen (H.A.). See Serys-Lonecuamps (Edm. de).

Synonyma Libellularum Europzarum. 8vo. Regim. Pruss.

See Srvys-Lonccuamps (Edm. de), Monographie des Gomphines.

8vo. Brux. et Leipzig. Paris, 1857.

Ueber die Lebensweise der Termiten und ihre Verbreitung. Physik-

Okon. Gesellsch. Konisberg, 1852. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 7.

Haun (D. Carl Wilh.), Die Arachniden. Getreu nach der Natur abgebildet

und beschreiben. Fortgesetzt von C. L. Koch. Band I.—XVI.

8vo. Nurnberg, 1833—47.

Hattstone (S), An Illustrated Description of a Species of Eurynome, sup-

posed to be hitherto undescribed. Mag. Nat. Hist. Vol. 8. Ent.

Tracts. Vol. 13.

Hatpeman (S.S.). See Meusuremmer (F. E.), The Coleoptera of the United

States.

Hauipay (A. H.), Hymenoptera Britannica. Fasc. 1, Oxyura; Fasc. altera,

Alysia. Ent. Tracts, Vol. 8 Syo. Lond, 1889,

OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, XIX

Harris (Moses), An Exposition of English Insects. 4to. Lond. 1782.

Another copy, in boards.

L’Aurelien: ou Histoire Naturelle des Chenilles, Chrysalides, Pha-

lenes et Papillons Anglois, &c. Text in French and English,

Fol. Londres, 1794.

Harris (Thaddeus William), Remarks upon the North American Insects

belonging to the Genus Cychrus of Fabricius ; with Descriptions

of some newly detected Species. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. Vol. 2.

Remarks upon Scarabeeus Goliathus, and other African Beetles allied

to it. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5.

Descriptive Catalogue of the North American Insects belonging to

the Linnean Genus Sphinx. Amer. Jour. Sci. and Arts. Vol. 36.

Ent. Tracts. Vol. 9.

Upon the Economy of some American Species of Hispa. Boston Jour.

Nat: Hast. - Voln tl:

A Treatise on some of the Insects of New England. 8vo. Cam-

bridge, U.S. 1842.

A Treatise on some of the Insects of New England which are injurious

to Vegetation. Second edition. Svo. Boston, 1852.

Harris (Thaddeus Willis), Description of three Species of the Genus Cremas-

tocheilus. 8vo. Philad. 1827.

Remarks upon Scarabzeus Goliathus, and other African Beetles allied

toit. 8vo. Cambridge, U.S. 1859.

Hartia (Theodor), Die Familien der Blattwespen und Holzwespen, nebst einer

allzemeinen Einleitung zur Naturgeschichte der Hymenopteren,

von Dr. T. H. 8vo. Berlin, 1837.

Hawortu (A. H.), Lepidoptera Britannica. S8vo. Lond. 1808.

Heer (Oswatpus), Fauna Coleopterorum Helvetica. Pars 1. Svo. Turici,

1841.

Hentz (N. M.), Descriptions and Figures of the Araneides of the United

States. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. Vol. 4, arts. 6, 16 and 31;

Vol. 5, arts. 12, 27 and 35 ; Vol. 6, arts. 2 and 15.

Hexest (J. F. W.), Versuch einer Naturgeschichte der Krabben und Krebse,

nebst einer systematischen Beschreibung ihrer verschiedenen

Arten. (Many plates wanting.) 38 Band. 4to. Berlin und

Stralsund, 1790—1799.

Herxtots (J. A.), Additamenta ad Faunam Carcinologicam Afric occi-

dentalis. (Ent. Tracts, 4to.) 4to. Lugduni-Batavorum, 1851.

Herrin (J. Ch.), Mémoire sur divers Insectes nuisibles a I’ Agriculture, et plus

particuliérement au Froment, au Seigle, a l’Orge et au Trefle.

Ent. Tracts. Vol. 12. 8vo. Paris, 1841.

Herrick (E.C.) See Dana (J. D.)

’

Heron (Dr.), Entwickelungsgeschichte der Schmetterlinge, anatomisch und

physiologisch bearbeitet von Dr. H. (with 383 Kupf.) 4to, Cassel

und Marburg. 1815.

Hewitson (William C.), Exotic Butterflies, being Ilustrations of New Species ;

selected chiefly from the Collections of W. Wilson Saunders and

William C. Hewitson. Vol. 1 and Parts 21—37. 4to. Lond.

1851—S8.

Hexpen (C. H. G. von), Entomologische Beitrige, Mus. Senckenb. 1887.

Ent. Tracts. Vol.

Hocunvtu (H.) See Cuauporr (Le Baron de).

Hoeven (J. Van de). See Transactions of Learned Societies (HAGur).

b-2

XX CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY

Houmoren (Aug. Emil.), Entomologiska Anteckningar under en Resa i Sodra

Sverige ar 1854. A Tract. 8vo. Stockholm, 1855.

Horr (F. W.), Observations on the Tortoise or Shield Beetles, commonly

denominated Cassida by Linnzeus, with Characters of six new

Genera. Ann. Nat. Hist. Vol. 8. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5.

Characters and Descriptions of several New Genera and Species of

Coleopterous Insects. Trans. Zool. Soc. 1833. Ent. Tracts, 4to.

On a new Arachnide, uniting the Genera Gonyleptes and Phalangium.

(Ent. Tracts. 4to.) 4to. Lond. 1834.

The Coleopterist’s Manual :—Part I. containing the Lamellicorn In-

sects of Linneus and Fabricius. Part II. containing the pre-

daceous Land and Water Beetles of Linnzus and Fabricius.

Part III. containing various Families, Genera and Species of

Beetles recorded by Linnzus and Fabricius; also Descriptions

of newly discovered and unpublished Insects. Svo. Lond.

1837—1341.

A Catalogue of Hemiptera in the Collection of W. F. H. Part 1.

8vo. Lond. 1837. Misc. Ent. Pamph.

On a New Species of Lamia from the Vicinity of the Swan River, New

Holland. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1839. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5.

Observations on the Lamellicornes of Olivier. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1839.

Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5.

Synopsis of the New Species of Nepaul Insects in the Collection of

Major General Hardwicke. Gray’s Zool. Misc. Ent. Tracts.

Vol. 5.

Observations sur les Erotyles, avec la Description de plusieurs

nouveaux Genres et de quelques Espéces inédites. Svo. Paris,

1841. Misc. Ent. Pamph.

On some New Insects from Western Africa, by the Rey. F. W. H.;

with Remarks on the Goliath Beetles, by Mr. Savage. Ann. Mag.

Nat. Hist. 1842. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5.

On some rare and beautiful Coleopterous Inseets from Silhet, chiefly

in the Collection of Frederick John Parry. ‘Trans. Linn. Soe. 19.

Descriptions of some new Insects collected in Assam by William

Griffith, Esq. Trans. Linn. Soc. 18. Arts. 26 and 41.

On some rare and beautiful Insects from Silhet, chiefly in the Collection

of Frederick John Parry. Trans. Linn. Soc. 19.

Catalogo dei Crostacei Italiani e di molti altri del Mediterraneo. 8vo.

Napoli, 1851. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13.

Descrizione di aleune Specie d’Insetti fossili. Ann. Acc. Aspir. Nat.

1847. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3.

Horsrietp (Thomas). See Macteay (William Sharp), Annulosa Javanica.

HorsrieLtp (Thomas) and Moore (Frederic), A Catalogue of the Lepi-

dopterous Insects in the Museum of the Hon. East India Com-

pany. 8vo. Vol. I. Lond. 1857. Vol. 11. Lond. 1858, 1859.

Howsurp (John), Some Account of two cases of Inflammatory Tumour, pro-

duced by the Deposit of the Larva of a large Fly (Cistrus

Humanus) beneath the Cutis, in the Human Subject; accom-

panied with drawings of the Larva. 8vo. Lond. 1833. Ent.

Tracts. Vol. 6.

Huser (Francis), New Observations on the Natural History of Bees. Third

edition. 8vo. Edinb. 1821.

Hucer (Pierre), Mémoire pour servir a l’Histoire de la Chenille du Hamac,

Tinea Harisella Linnei; Cicophore de Latreille. Mém. Soc.

Phys. et d’Hist. Nat. de Genéve. Tom. VII. 1¢'e Partie. 4to.

1835.

OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXx1

Tluser (Pierre), Notice sur la Melipone domestique, Abeille domestique

Mexicane. Mém. Soc. Phys. et d’Hist. Nat. de Genéve. ‘Tom.

VIII. ere Partie. 1838.

Mémoire pour servir a |’ Histoire des Attelabes, Insectes voisins des

Charansons. Mém. Soc. Phys. et d’Hist. Nat. de Geneve. Tom.

VITI> 2"- Parties: 1839:

Mémoire sur quelques Insectes de Genre Ichneumon. Meém. Soc.

Phys. et d’Hist. Nat.de Geneve. Tom. 1X. 1841—42.

Mémoire ou Notice pour servir a |’Histoire d’une Mouche a Scie.

Mem. Soc. Phys. et d’Hist. Nat. de Genéve. Tom. IX. 1541—42.

Mémoire pour servir a |’ Histoire de la Coccinelle de la Saponaire.

Mém. Soc. Phys. et d’Hist. Nat. Genéve. Tom. 1X. 1841—1842.

Mémoire pour servir a l’Histoire des Psoques. Mém. Soc. Phys. et

d’Hist. Nat. Genéve. Tom. X. 1843.

Mémoire sur le Charanson Lozange (Cionus Scrophularie). Mém.

Soc. Phy. et d’Hist. Nat. Geneve. Tom. X. 1845.

Lettre sur les Araignées Aéronautes du Genre Lycose. Meém. Soc.

Phys. et d’Hist. Nat. de Genéve. Tom. X. 1843.

Mémoire pour servir a |’Histoire de quelques Cassides. Mém. Soc.

Phys. et d’Hist. Nat. Tom. XI. 1846.

Notice sur une Particuliarité offerte par une Larve de Tenthreéde.

Mém. Soc. Phys. et d’Hist. Nat. Tom. XI. 1846.

Hutsner (Jac.), Sammlung Europiaischer Schmetterlinge. 4to. Augsb+

1805—41. Und Raupe. Augsb. 1806—41.

Huisu (Robt.), A Treatise on the Nature, Economy and Practical Manage-

ment of Bees. Second edition. 8vo. Lond. 1817.

The Cottager’s Manual for the Management of Bees. 8vo. Lond.

1820.

Second Edition (in a vol. of Tracts).

Humporpr (Al. de) et BonpLanp (A.), Recueil d’Observations de Zoologie

et d’Anatomie comparée. 2Tom. 4to. Paris, 1811.

Humrusreys (H.N.) and Westwoop (J. O.), British Butterflies and their

Transformations, arranged and illustrated in a Series of Plates

by H. N. H., with Characters and Descriptions by J. O. West-

wood. 4to. Lond. 1841.

Hurron (Captain Thomas), Remarks on the Culture of Silk at Candahar.

Ent. Tracts. Vol. XI. Svo. Swansea, 1843.

Notes on the Silkworms of India. From the Journal of the Agricul-

tural and Horticultural Society of India. Vol. XI. No. 1. Svo.

Calcutta, 1859.

On the Cultivation of Silk at Mussooree, Himalaya Mountains: with

Notes on the Treatment of the Silkworm. S8vo. Calcutta, 1860.

J ACQUELIN-DU-VAL (Camille), Genera des Coléopteres d’Europe. Svo. Paris,

1854.

JEKEL (H.), Fabricia Entomologica. Pt. I. 8vo. Paris, 1854.

See SAUNDERS (William Wilson).

See SCHOENHERR (C. J.)

Lettre adressée a M. Jacquelin du Val, par M. H. Jekel, sur le Bary-

peithes rufipes. Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1855. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 4.

JENYNs (Leonard), Report on the recent Progress and present State of Zoology.

Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1834. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 10. 8vo. London,

1834.

A Manual of British Vertebrate Animals. Syo. Cambridge, 1835.

XkH : CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY

JeNyYNs (Leonard), Some Remarks on the Study of Zoology, and on the present

State of the Science. Mag. Zool. and Bot. Vol. 1. Ent. Tracts.

Vol. 10.

Inuicrer (Karl), Magazin fur Insektenkunde. 6 Tomes (bound in 4). 8vo.

1.—V. Neue Ausgabe, Braunschweig, 1822. WI. Stettin reprint.

1856.

Journal (Dusiin), The Natural History Review; a quarterly Journal of Science,

including the Transactions of the Belf. Nat. Hist. and Phil. Soc.,

Cork Cuv. Soc., Dublin Nat. Hist. Soc., Dubl. Univ. Zool. Assoc.

and the Lit. and Sci. Inst. of Kilkenny. Vols. 1—5. 8vo. Dublin,

1854—58.

On the title-page of No. 1 of Vol. 5 it appears the Review to be conducted

by Messrs. Halliday, Harvey, Haughton and others.

Journal (ERLANGEN), Magazin des Thierreichs. Erst. Band. 4to. Erlangen,

1793. ;

Journal (HALLE), Der Naturforscher. Stick 1—27. 8vo, Halle, 1774—93.

Journal (Lonpon), The Magazine of Natural History and Journal of Zoology,

Botany, Mineralogy, Geology and Meteorology. Conducted by

J.C. Loudon, 8 Vols. 8yo. Lond. 1829—36.

The Magazine of Natural History. New Series. Conducted by

Edward Charlesworth, formerly by J. C. Loudon. 4 Vols. 8vo.

Lond. 1837—40.

The Entomological Magazine. 5 Vols. 8vo. Lond. 1833—38.

The Zoologist: a popular Miscellany of Natural History.” Conducted

by Edward Newman. Vol. 1—16. 8vo. London, 1843—61.

The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer. Edited by H. T. Stainton.

Vols. 1—10. 8yo. London, 1856—61.

The Substitute: or Entomological Exchange Facilitator and Entomo-

logist’s Fire Side Companion. 1856—457. 8vo. London, 1857.

The Zoological Journal. 5 Vols. 8vo. London, 1824—35,

The Journal of Entomology, Descriptive and Geographical. Parts

1,2. 8vo. London, 1860.

Journal (Paris), Archives Entomologiques, ou Recueil contenant des Illustra-

tions d’Insectes nouveaux ou rares, par James Thomson. 2 Vols.

8vo. Paris, 1857—58.

Magazin de Zoologie, par F. Ed. Guérin-Ménéyville. Insectes. 1 Série.

8vo. Paris, 18381—38.

Revue et Magazin de Zoologie pure et appliquée, 1851—57. 8vo.

Paris, 1851—57.

Journal (StRAspourG), Revue Entomologique, publiée par Gustave Silbermann.

Tom. 1—é. Imperfect. 8vo, Strasbourg, 1833—37.

Journal (VienNA), Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift. No.1. 8vo. Wien,

1857.

Journal (WasuineTon, U.S.), Annual Report of the Commissioner of Patents.

Agriculture for the Years 1848, 1853 and 1854, 8vo. Wash-

ington, 1849—18565.

Journal (Zuricu), Magazin fir die Liebhaber der Entomologie. Herausge-

geben von Johann Caspar Fuessly. 2 Band. 8vo. Ziirich.

1778—79. Neues Magazin. 2 Band. 8vo. Zurich. 1782—85.

Incren (Abel), Instructions for collecting, rearing, and preserving British and

Foreign Insects ; also for collecting and preserving Crustacea and

Shells. 12mo. Lond. 1827. Second Edition. 12mo. Lond. 1839.

Another copy.

Insect. Insect Miscellanies. (The Library of Entertaining Knowledge.)

Architecture.—Transformations. 5 Vols. 12mo. Lond. 1830-38.

Insect Hunters; or, Entomology in Verse. 12mo. Lond.

OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXlll

Insecta Britannica. Diptera. Vols, 1—8. By Francis Walker. 8vo. Lond.

1851-56.

Lepidoptera: Tineina. By H. 7. Stainton. 8vo. Lond. 1854.

Isaac (J.), The General Apiarian, wherein a simple, humane and advantageous

Method of obtaining the Produce of Bees without destroying them.

In a Volume of Tracts. 8vo. Exeter, 1799.

JurRtNnE (L.), Nouvelle Méthode de classer les Hyménopteres et les Dipteéres

Tom.1. Hyménopteres. 4to, Geneve, 1807.

Kaurenbacu (J. H.), Die deutschen Phytophagen aus der Klasse der Insekten,

oder Versuch einer Zusammenstellung der auf Deutschlands,

Pflanzen beobachteten Bewohner und deren Feinde. Erster

Theil, Ent. Tracts, Vol. 2.

Ibid. Zweiter Theil.

Karscu (——), Zur Flora Westphaliens. Verh. d. n, Ver. XIII. Jahrg. 4to.

Munster, 1856.

Keys (John), A Treatise on the Breeding and Management of Bees. A new

edition, in two parts. Ina Volume of Tracts. 8yvo. Lond. 1814.

KirsenwertTer (H. Von), Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschlands. Vol.

IV., Parts 1,2&3. S8vo. Berlin, 1857-60.

Kinauan (John Robert), Remarks on the Habits and Distribution of Marine

Crustacea on the eastern shores of Port Philip, Victoria, Aus-

tralia; with descriptions of undescribed Species and Genera.

Jour. Roy. Dubl. Soc. 1856, Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13.

Kirsy (William), Monographia Apum Anglie, &c. &c. 2 Vols. 8vo. Ips-=

wich, 1802

Another copy, bound.

Another copy.

Museum Entomologicum Barhamense. Pars prima sistens pracipue

Exotica. In M.S. Incept. Jun. 1, 1813.

Museum Entomologicum Barhamense. Pars prima sistens insecta

M. Britannie indigenz. Classis prima. Coleoptera, Linn. Eleu-

terata, Fab. In M.S. n.d.

See RicHarpson (John), Fauna Boreali Americana. The Insects.

Bridgewater Treatise on the Power, Wisdom and Goodness of God

as manifested in the Creation of Animals and in their History,

Habits and Instincts. 2 Vols. 8vo. Lond. 1835.

Kirsy (William) and Spence (William), An Introduction to Entomology, or

Elements of the Natural History of Insects; with plates. Fourth

edition. 4 Vols. Svo. Lond. 1822-26. Fifth edition. 4 Vols.

8vo. Lond. 1828.

An Introduction to Entomology; or, Elements of the Natural History

of Insects; comprising an account of noxious and useful insects,

of their metamorphoses, food, stratagems, habitations, societies,

motions, noises, hybernations, instinct, &c., &c.; with plates.

Sixth edition, corrected and considerably enlarged. 2 Vols. 8vo.

Lond. 1843.

Kuve (F.), Bericht tiber eine auf Madagascar veranstaltete Sammlung von

Insecten aus der Ordnung Coleoptera. Konigl. Akad. Wissens.

1832. 4to. Berlin, 1833.

Jahrbucher der Insectenkunde, mit besonderer Rucksicht auf die

Sammlung im Konig] Museum zu Berlin, Band I, 8yo. Berlin;

1834.

XX1V CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY

Kuve (F'r.), Neue Schmetterlinge der Insekten-Sammlung des Konigl. Zoolo-

gischen Musei. 4to. Berlin, 1836.

Kocu (C. L.), Uebersicht des Arachnidensystems. 5 Heften in 11 Parts. 8vo.

Nurnberg, 1837—1851.

Die Arachniden. See Haun.

Kocu (Gabriel), Die Geographische Verbreitung der europilischen Schmetter-

linge in anderen Welttheilen. S8vo. Leipzig, 1854.

Korenati (F. R.), Genera et Species Trichopterorum. Pars prior. Hetero-

palpoidea. 4to. Prage, 1848.

Fine neue osterreichische Phryganea. Zool.-botan. Vereins in Wien,

1856. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 7.

Eine neue mahrische Nycteribia. Zool.-Botan. Vereins in Wien,

1856. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 6.

Koxiar (Vincenz) und ReprensBacher (Ludwig), Ueber den Charakter der

Insecten-Fauna von Sud-Persien. 1 Band. Denks. Math. Naturw.

Cl. Kais. Akad. Wien. (Ent. Tracts, 4to.) 4to. Wien, 1849.

Naturgeschichte der schadlichen Insecten in Beziehung auf Land-

wirthschaft und Forstculturs. Auf Veranlatf. der K. K. Landw.-

Gesellsch. in Wien. Neue Folge, Funfter Band. 8vo. Wien,

1837.

Beitriige zur Kenntniss des Haushaltes und der geographischen Ver-

breitung einiger in Okonomischer und technischer Hinsicht wich-

tigen Insecten. Sitzungsb. Kais. Akad. Wissensch. Wien, 1849.

Ent. Tracts. Vol. 7.

Ueber einen bisher noch nicht beobachteten Feind des Weinstockes.

From Sitzungsb. Math. Naturw. Akad. Wissensch. Wien, 1850.

Ent. Tracts. Vol. 2.

Ueber Weinbeschidigung durch einen kleinen Nachtfalter, Tortrix

Roserana, Frohl., in den Weingiirten von Bruny nachst Modling.

Sitzungsb. Kaiserl. Akad. Wissens. 1850. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3.

Beitrag zur Entwicklungsgeschichte eines neuen, blattlausartigen In-

sectes: Acanthochermes Quercus. Sitzungsb. Kais. Akad. Wis-

sensch. Wien. 38 Heft. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 6.

Konica (C.), Directions for collecting Specimens of Geology and Mineralogy

for the British Museum. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 10.

Koninck (L. de), Mémoire sur les Crustacés fossiles de Belgique. Nouv.

Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. de Bruxelles, t. XIV.

Kraatz (G.), Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschlands, Vol. II. S8vo.

Berlin, 1858.

LasouLsBENE (Alexandre), Recherches sur |’Anatomie du Buprestes gigantea.

Extrait des Archives Entomologiques. 8yo. Paris, 1858.

Lacumunp (J. F.). See Revi (F.).

Lacorpaire (Th.), Monographie des Erotyliens, Famille de l’Ordre des

Coléopteres. 8yo. Paris, 1842.

Réyision de la Famille des Cicindélides de l’Ordre des Coléopteres.

Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci. de Liége, 1842. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 4.

Monographie des Coléoptéres subpentameres de Ja Famille des Phyto-

phages. 2 Tom. 8vo. Bruxelles et Leipzig. Paris, 1845—1848.

Mém. Soc. Roy. Sci. de Liége. Tom. 4et 5. Liége, 1845-8.

Genera des Coléoptéres. Tom. I.—V. 8vo. Paris, 1854—1859.

Laporte (F. de) et Bruit (Aug.), Notice sur un nouveau Genre de la

Famille des Charansons de la Division des Cryptorhynchides.

Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. de Paris. Tom. LY. (Ent. Tracts. 4to.)

Ato. Paris, 1827.

OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXV

Laporte (F.), Description du Genre Doryphora. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1830.

int. Tracts. Vol. 3.

(De, Comte de Castelneau), Notice sur un nouveau Genre de |’ Ordre

des Homopteres. Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, 1832. Ent. Tracts.

Vol. 6.

Mémoire sur quelques nouveaux Genres de Ordre des Homopteéres.

Ann. Sci. Ent. de France, 1832. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 6.

Mémoire sur cinquante Espéces nouvelles ou peu connues d’Insectes.

Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, 1832. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5.

Description du Genre Paussus. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1832. Ent.

Tracts. Vol.3.

Description du Genre Callicnemis. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1832. Ent.

Tracts. Vol. 3.

Description du Genre Stenocheila. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1832. Ent.

Tracts. Vol. 3.

Essai d’une Revision du Genre Lampyre. Ann. Soc. Ent, de France,

1832. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5.

Description du Genre Trochalus. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1852. Ent.

Tracts. Vol. 3.

Etudes entomologiques, ou Description d’Insectes nouveaux et Ob-

servations sur leur Synonymie. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3. 8vo.

Paris, 1854.

Histoire Naturelle des Insectes Coléopteres, avec une Introduction

par M. Brullé. 2'Tomes. 8vo. Paris, 1840.

Larorve (F. de) et Brutus (Aug.), Monographie du Genre Diaperis. From

Ann. Sci. Nat. Tom. XXIII. 1828. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 4.

Le Conte (J. L.) See MELsHEImMeER (F. E.), Coleoptera of the United States.

LATREILLE (P. A.), Histoire naturelle des Fourmis, ct Recueil de Mémoires et

d’ Observations sur les Abeilles, les Araignées, les Faucheurs, et

autre Insectes. Svo. Paris, 1802.

Histoire naturelle, générale et particuliére des Crustacés et des In-

sectes. Sonini edit. Tom. I1—VI. 8vo. Paris, An X.—XI.

(1802—1803).

Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum. 4 Tom. 8vo. Paris, 1806—

1809.

Another copy.

Considerations générales sur l’Ordre naturel des Animaux composant

les Classes des Crustacés, des Arachnides, et des Insectes. S8vo.

Paris, 1810.

Lracu (William Elford), On the Classification of the Natural Tribe of Insects

Notonectides, with Descriptions of the British Species. (Trans.

Linn. Soc. XII.)

Lecontr (John L.), An Attempt to classify the Longicorn Coleoptera of the

part of America North of Mexico. Part I. containing the Ce-

rambycit. From Journ, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. U.S. 4to. Ent.

Tracts, 4to.

A descriptive Catalogue of the Geodephagous Coleoptera inhabiting

the United States east of the Rocky Mountains, Ann. Lyc, New

York, 1846.

Monograph of the Species of Pasimachus inhabiting the United States ;

with Descriptions of two new Genera belonging to the Family

Carabica. Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. 1846.

On the Pselaphide of the United States. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist.

Vol. VI. 1848. Ent. Tracts. Vol. IV.

XXV1 CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY

Leconte (John L.), Synopsis of the Cleride of the United States. Ann,

Lyc. Nat. Hist. 1849.

Descriptions of new Species of Coleoptera from California. Ann, Lyc.

Nat. Hist. Vol. 5, 1851.

A Monography of the North American Histeroides. Bost. Jour. Nat.

Hist. Vol. V.

Descriptions of some new and interesting Insects inhabiting the

United States. Bost. Jour. Nat. Vol. V.

Leprrer (J.), Versuch die europiischen Spanner in moglichst naturliche

Reihenfolge zu stellen. 8vo. Wien, 18538.

LreEuwENHOEK (Antony Van), Arcana Nature. 4to. Delphis Batavorum,

1795.

Arcana Nature. Editio altera. 4to. Lugduni Batavorum, 1796.

Epistole ad Societatem Regiam Anglicam, et alios illustres viros, seu

Continuatio mirandorum Arcanorum Nature detectorum, qua-

draginta Epistolis contentorum, que ex Belgica in Latinam

Linguam translate sunt, cum figuris eneis, et Indicibus locuple-

tissimis. 4to. Lugduni Batavorum, 1719.

Another copy.

The Select Works ; containing his Microscopical Discoveries in many

of the Works of Nature, translated from the Dutch and Latin

Editions -published by the Author, by Samuel Hoole. Vol. 2.

part 8. 4to. Lond. 1807.

Leresyre (Al.), Description d’un Coléoptere nouveau: Leptura, Linné. Silb.

Rey. Ent. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5.

Lettre de Mal. Lefebvre a M. Audinet Serville, sur le Canopus obtectus

de Fabricius. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1835. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3.

Communication verbale sur la Ptérologie des Lépidopteres. Ann.

Soc. Ent. 1842. Rey. Zool. 1842. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 9.

LEQuiEn ( ), Gauvres Entomologiques de Eschscholtz. Tom. 1¢7, Entomo-

graphien. Berlin, 1822. 8vo. Paris, 1855.

Leucxuart (Rud.), Ueber die Micropyle und den feinern Bau der Schalenhaut

bei den Insekteneiern. Svo. Giessen, 1855.

Leyerr (John), The Ordering of Bees: or the true History of managing them

from time to time, with their honey and wax, shewing their nature

and breed. As also what Trees, Plants, and Hearbs are good for

them, and namely what are liurtfull: together with the extra-

ordinary profit arising from them. Set forth in a dialogue,

resolving all doubts whatsoever. 4to. Lond. 1634.

Lewin (John William), The Insects of Great Britain, systematically arranged,

accurately engraved, and painted from Nature, with the Natural

History of each Species, &c. Vol. 1. 4to. Lond. 1792.

Prodromus of Entomology. Natural History of Lepidopterous Insects

of New South Wales. 4to. Lond. 1805.

Lientc (F.), Lepidopterologische Fauna yon Liefland und Curland, bearbeitet

von F, L. mit Anmerkungen von P. C. Zeller. Okens Isis, 1846

(Ent. Tracts. 4to.) 4to. Leipsig, 1846.

Liyne (Charles Von), Ameenitates Academice. Tom.1—8, 8vo. Lugduni

Batavorum, 1749—1790, et Erlange.

OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXVii

LrinnE (Charles von), Fauna Svecica. 8vo. Lugd. Batay. 1746.

Editio altera. 8vo. Stockholmie, 1761.

Museum Ludovic Ulrice Regine, ete. Svo. Holmia, 1764.

Another copy, with a portrait of Linné.

Systema Nature. Editio Duodecima Reformata. 3Tom, Svo, Holmiz,

1766—67.

Caroli Linnei Entomologia faune Suecice descriptionibus aucta ;

curante et augente Carolo de Villers. 4 Tom. 8vo. Lugduni,

1789.

A General System of Entomology; systematically divided into its

several Classes, Orders, Genera, Species and Varieties, &c., &c.

Translated from Gmelin, Fabricius, Willdenow, &c.; together

with various modern arrangements and corrections, &c., &c. By

William Turton. 2 Vols. 8yo. Lond. 1806.

LisTeR (Martin). See Gorpart (J.).

See Ray (John).

Lorrinet (F.), Traité de l’Education des Abeilles. S8yo. Paris, 1815.

Loupon (J. C.). See Journal.

Lusgsock (John), Description of a new Genus of Calanide. Ann. and Mag.

Nat. Hist. 1853. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13.

On two new Sub-genera of Calanide. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.

1853. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13.

On two new Species of Calanide, with Observations on the spermatic

Tubes of Pontella, Diaptomus, &c. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.

1853. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13.

On some Arctic Species of Calanide. Ann, and Mag. Nat. Hist.

1854. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13.

Description of eight new Species of Entomostraca found at Wey-

mouth. Ann.and Mag. Nat. Hist.1857. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13.

@n the Arrangement of the Cutaneous Muscles of the Larva of

Pygera bucephala. Trans. Lin. Soc. 1858. Vol. XXII.

On the digestive and nervous Systems of Coccus hesperidum. Proc.

Roy. Soc. 1858.

-On some oceanic Entomostraca collected by Captain Toynbee. From

the Transactions of the Linnean Society. Vol. XXIIT.

Lucas (H.), Histoire Naturelle des Crustacés, des Arachnides et des Myria-

podes, 8yo. Paris, 1840.

Animaux nouveaux ou rares recueillis pendant l’ Expédition dans les

parties centrales de l’Amérique du Sud, de Rio de Janeiro a

Lima, et de Lima au Para; exécutée par ordre du Gouvernement

Frangais pendant les Années 1843 a 1847, sous la direction du

Comte Fr. de Castelneau. Ouvrage quia obtenu un Médaille

hors ligne de la Société de Géographie. Entomologie par M. H.

Lucas, Aide-naturaliste au Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle. Ato.

Paris, 1857.

Lucas (H.), Arachnides des Isles Canaries. Barker, Webb and Berttelot’s

Voy.

LupoLruus (——), Dissertatio de Locustis, cum diatriba qua sententia autoris

nova de Selavis sive Locustis cibo Israelitarum in deserto, defen-

ditur. Fol. Francoforti ad Menum, 1594.

Lyonet (Pierre), Traité anatomique de la Chenille, qui ronge le bois de Saule,

augmenté d’un explication abregée des planches, &c., &c. to.

La Haye, 1762.

XXVIli CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY

Lyonet (Pierre), Recherches sur Anatomie et les Métamorphoses de dif-

férentes Espéces d’ Insectes, ouvrage posthume de P. Lyonet publié

par M. W. de Haan, accompagnées de 54 Planches. 4to. Paris,

1832.

Two other copies.

Mac-Leay (W.S.), Exposition de l’Anatomie comparée du Thorax dans les

Insectes ailés, suivi d’une revue de ]’état actuel de Ja nomen-

clature de cette partie. Ann. Sci. Nat. Tom. XXV. Ent. Tracts,

Vol. 3.

Macreay (William Sharp), Annulosa Javanica, 4to. Lond. 1825.

No. 1 of another copy.

Macausrt (J.), Description d’un nouveau Genre d'Insectes Diptéres de la

Famille des Notacanthes. Mém. Soc. Roy, Sci. Agric. Arts de

Lille, 1834. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 6.

Note sur l’Apparition du Sphinx du Laurier-rose en 1855. Mém.

Soc. Roy. Sci. Agric. Arts de Lille, 1835. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 6.

Description d’un nouveau Genre d’Insectes dipteres de la Famille

des Créophiles, Tribu des Tachinaires. Mém. Soc. Roy. Sci.

Agric. Arts de Lille, 1835. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 6.

Dipteres Exotiques nouveaux ou peuconnus. 2 Tomes. 8yo. Paris,

1838—1840.

Ir, 2e, 8e Supplements. Svo. Paris, 184—. Extrait des Mém. Soc.

Roy. Sci. Agric. Arts de Lille. Ist and 3rd Supp. wanting.

MANNERHEIM (C. G. de), Notice Biographique sur C. J. Schonherr. 8vo.

Moscou.

Mémoire sur un Genre nouveau de Coléoptéres du Mozambique. $Svo.

Moscou.

Enumération des Buprestides, et Description de quelques nouvelles

Espéces de cette Tribu de la Famille des Sternoxes, de la Collec-

tion de M. le Comte M. Svyo. Moscoun.

Méipire sur quelques Genres et Espéces de Carabiques, premiere

partie. 8vo. Moscou, 1837.

Description d’une nouvelle Espéce du Genre Physodactylus. Acte

Soc. Sci. Fennice. Tome [. 4to. Moscou, 1840.

Observations relatives aux Sexes des Coléoptéres Hydrocanthares en

général, et spécialement de l’Hydaticus verrucifer. Act. Soc.

Sci. Fenn. Tom. I. (Ens. Tracts. 4to.) 4to. Helsingforsiz,

1841.

Mémoire sur la Récolte d’Insectes Coléopteres, faite en 1842. 8vo.

Moscou, 1843.

De quelques autres nouvelles Espéces de Coléopteres de Finlande.

8vo. Moscou, 18438.

Description de quelques nouvelles Espéces de Coléoptéres de Finlande.

Svo. Moscou, 1844.

Mémoire sur la Récolte d’Insectes Coléopteéres, faite en 1843. 8vo.

Moscou, 1844.

Beitrag zur Kaefer-Fauna der Aleutischen Inseln, der Insel Sitkha

und Neu-Californiens. Nachtrag zur Kaefer-Fauna der Aleu-

tischen Inseln, etc. Svo. Moscou, 1843—1846.

Revue Critique de quelques Ouvrages recemment parus. Bull. Soc

Imp. Nat. de Mose. 1845. Ent. Tracts: Vol. 10.

OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, XXIX

Manneruerm (C. G. de), Revue Critique de quelques Ouvrages récents de

M. Victor de Motschoulsky. Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. de Mosc.

Tom. XIX. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 10. S8vo. Moscou, 1845.

Notice sur la C. D. Collection de Coléoptéres de M. le Comte Dejean.

Svo. Moscou.

Observations critiques sur quelques Ouvrages Entomologiques. $vo.

Moscou.

Insectes Coléoptéres de la Sibérie Orientale, nouveaux ou peu connus,

décrits par M. le Comte M. 8vo. Moscou.

Marcy (R. B.), Natural History of the Red River of Louisiana. Reprinted

from the Report of Capt. R. B. Marcy. S8vo. Washington, 1843.

Martius (C. Fr. Ph.), Die Kartoffel-Epidemie der letzten Jahre, oder die

Stocksdule und Riande der Kartoffeln. (Ent. Tracts. 4to.) 4to,

Munchen, 1842.

Martyn (Thomas), British Spiders (an imperfect work). 4to.

Meape (R. H.), Monograph on the British Species of Phalangiide or Harvest-

men. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1855. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 1.

Meicen (Johann Wilhelm), Systematische Beschreibung der Bekannten

Evropiischen zweiflugeligen Insecten. Theil 1—7. 8vo. Aachen,

1818—1838. Last 4 parts published at Hamm.

MELSHEIMER (Friedrich Ernst), Catalogue of the described Coleoptera of the

United States. By F. E. Melsheimer, revised by S. S. Halde-

man and J. L. Le Conte. 8vo. Washington, 1853.

MENETRIES (E.), Catalogue raisonné des Objects de Zoologie recueillis dans

un Voyage au Caucase et jusqu’aux Frontieres actuelles de la

Perse, entrepris par l’Ordre de S. M. l’Empereur. 4to. St.

Petersbourg, 1832.

Catalogue d’Insectes recueillis entre Constantinople et le Balkan.

Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersb. VI. Ser. Tom. V. (Ent.

Tracts. 4to.) 4to. St. Petersb. 1838.

Essai d’une Monographie du Genre Anacolus. Mém. Acad. Imp.

Sci. St. Petersb. VI.Ser. Tom. VY. (Ent. Tracts. 4to.) 4to.

St. Petersbourg, 1839.

Sur un nouveau Genre de Lépidoptére nocturne de la Russie. Bull.

Mose. 1841. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 9.

Catalogue des Insectes recueillis par feu M. Lehmann, avec les De-

scription des nouvelles Espéces. Part I. Mém. Sci. Nat.

Tom. VI. Acad. Imp. St. Petersb. (Ent. Tracts. 4to.) 4to.

St. Petersbourg, 1847.

Mertan (Marie Sybille), Dissertation sur la Génération et les Transformation

des Insectes de Surinam, etc. Text in Latin and French. Fol.

La Haye, 1726.

Kritische Bemerkungen uber M.S. Merian Metamorphoses Insect-

orum Surinamensium. Abh. Nat. Ges. zu Halle, 3r. Band.

Ent. Tracts. 4to.

Mrewzinsky (Le Comte Ignace), Mémoire sur une Larve qui dévore les Helix

nemoralis, et sur ]’Insecte auquel elle donne naissance. Mém.

Soc. Phys. et d’Hist. Nat. Geneve. 4to. Tom. II. 2e Part.

1824.

Mitter et Rosinet, Education de Vers a Soie, faite, en 1838, a la Mag-

nanerie-modeéle départementale de Poitiers. Ann. de |’Agric.

France. Ent.Tracts. Vol.11. 8vo. Paris, 1838.

Mitts (John), Essay on the Management of Bees (in a vol. of Tracts from

Hope). 8vo. Lond. 1766,

XXX CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY

Mitne-Epwarps (H.), Rapport sur une Mémoire de Messieurs Guérin-

Ménéville et Perrottet, relatif aux Ravages que font, dans les

Cafeieries des Antilles, une race d’Insectes Lépidoptéres et une

Espéce de Champignons. Commissaires, MM. Milne-Edwards,

De Gasparin, Duméril. Ent. Tracts. 8vo. Paris.

See CuVIER et DUMERIL.

Observations sur les Changemens de Forme que divers Crustacés

éprouvent dans le jeune age. Acad. des Sci. 1883. Ent. Tracts.

Vol. 15.

Recherches sur le Mécanisme de la Respiration chez les Crustacés,

Acad. des Sci. 1838. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13.

Mémoire sur Ja Distribution Géographique des Crustacés. Acad. des

Sci. 1838. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13.

MocauErys ( ), Recueil de Coléoptéres anormaux. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3.

8vo. Rouen.

Moone (Frederic). See HorsrreLp (Thomas).

Descriptions of some New Species of Lepidopterous Insects from

Northern India. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1857. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 9.

A Monograph of the Asiatic Species of Neptis and Athyma, two

Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera belonging to the Family Nymph-

alida. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 9.

Descriptions of some Asiatic Lepidopterous Insects belonging to the

Tribe Bombyces. From the Proceedings of the Zoological

Society of London, May 10, 1859.

Synopsis of the known Asiatic Species of Silk-producing Moths, with

Descriptions of some New Species from India. From the Pro-

ceedings of the Zoological Society of London, June 28, 1859.

Morscuutsky (Victor), Die Coleopterologischen Verhaeltnisse und die Kifer

Russlands. 8vo. Moscau, 1846.

Movuret (Thomas), Insectorum sive minimorum Animalium Theatrum olim

ab Ed. Wottono, C. Gesnero Thomaque Pennio inchoatum Tho.

Moufet Londinatis opera sumptibusque; maximis concinnatum

auctum, perfectum. Fol. Lond. 1634. Two copies.

Mutsant (E.), Note pour servir 4 ]’Histoire de lAkis punctata. Ann. Soc.

Linn. de Lyon, 1844. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5.

Note pour servir a |’ Histoire des Donacies. Ann. Soc. Linn. de Lyon,

1846. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5.

Description d’une nouvelle Espéce de Coléopteére securipalpe. Soe.

Linn. de Lyon, 1847. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 4.

Description d’un Coléoptére nouveau de la Tribu des Longicornes.

Acad. Sci. Lyon, 1849. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 4.

Opuscules Entomologiques. Cahier 2—4. (No. 1 wanting.) 8vo.

Paris, 1853.

Histoire Naturelle des Coléoptéres de France; Longicornes ; Lamel-

licornes; Palpicornes; Sulcicolles; Sécuripalpes; Latigenes;

Pectinipedes ; Barbipalpes ; Longipeédes ; Latipennes; Vesicants.

8 Vols. 8yvo. Paris, 1889—1857.

Mutsant (E.) and Rey (Cl.), Description d’une Espéce nouvelle d’Ochthe-

bius. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 1849. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 4,

Muusant (E.) and Wacnanru (A.), Notes pour servir a I’Histoire du Cyr-

tonus rotundatus. Acad. Sci. Belles Lett. et Arts de Lyon, 1849.

Ent. Tracts. Vol. 4.

Murray (Andrew), Catalogue of the Coleoptera of Scotland. 8vo. Lond. 1853.

Monograph of the Genus Catops. Svo. Lond. 1856,

OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Xxxl

Museum (Britis), List of the Specimens of Myriapoda in the Collection of

the British Museum. 12mo. Lond. 1844.

List of the Specimens of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of

the British Museum. Part I. Chalcidites. 12mo. London, 1846.

Part II. Chalcidites, additional Species. 12mo. London, 1848.

Nomenclature of Coleopterous Insects in the Collection of the

British Museum, Part III. Buprestidae. 12mo. London, 1848.

Part IV. Cleride. 12mo. London, 1849. Part VI. Passalide.

12mo. London, 1852.

List of the Specimens of Dipterous Insects in the Collection of the

British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S. Part I. 12mo,

Lond. 1848. Parts II., III., 1V. 12mo. Lond. 1849. Parts V.,

VI. (Supplements 1 and 2). 12mo. Lond. 1854. Part VII. (Sup-

plement 3). 12mo. Lond. 1855.

List of the Specimens of British Animals in the Collection of the

British Museum. Part V. Lepidoptera. By James Francis

Stephens, I'.L.S., P.E.S. 12mo. Lond. 1850. Ditto; Second

Edition. Revised by H. T. Stainton and Edwin Shepherd. 12mo.

Lond. 1856. Part VI. Hymenoptera Aculeata. By Frederick

Smith. 12mo. Lond. 1851. Part X. Lepidoptera (continued),

By James Francis Stephens, F.L.S. 12mo. Lond. 1852. Part XI.

Anoplura, or Parasitic Insects. 12mo. Lond. 1852. Part XII.

Lepidoptera (continued). By-James Francis Stephens, F.L.S.

12mo. Lond. 1852. Part XITI. Nomenclature of Hymenoptera.

12mo. Lond. 1853. Part XIV. Nomenclature of Neuroptera.

12mo. Lond. 1858. Part XV. Nomenclature of Diptera, I. 12mo.

Lond. 1853. Part XVI. Lepidoptera (completed). By H. T.

Stainton. 12mo. Lond. 1854. Part XVII. Nomenclator of Ano-

plura, Euplexoptera and Orthoptera. 12mo. Lond. 1845.

List of the Specimens of Homopterous Insects in the Collection of

the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S. Part J.-—IV.

and Supplement, 12mo. Lond. 1850-58.

List of the Specimens of the Hemipterous Insects in the Collection

of the British Museum. By W.S. Dallas, F.L.S. Parts I. and

II. 12mo. London, 1851-2.

List of the Coleopterous Insects in the Collection of the British

Museum. Part I. Cucujide, ete. 12mo. London, 1851.

Catalogue of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British

Museum. Part I. Papilionide. 4to. London, 1852.

Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the British

Museum. By Frederick Smith, M.E.S. Part I. Andrenidz and

Apide. 12mo. London, 1853. Part II. Apidae. 12mo. London,

1854. Part III. Mutillidee and Pompilide. 12mo. London, 1855.

Part IV. Sphegide, Larride and Crabronide. 12mo. London,

1856. Part V. Vespide. 12mo. London, 1857. Part VI. For-

micide. 12mo. London, 1858. VII. Dorylide and Thynnide.

12mo, London, 1859.

Catalogue of Marine Polyzoa in the Collection of the British Museum.

Part I. Cheilostomata (Part). 12mo. London, 1852. Part II.

Cheilostomata (Part). 12mo. London, 1854.

Catalogue of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Collection

of the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S. Part I.

Phryganides—Perlides. 12mo. London, 1852. Part II. Sialidae—

Nemopterides. 12mo. London, 1853. Part III. Termitide—

Ephemeride. 12mo. London, 1853, Part IY. Odonata, 12mo.

London, 1853. :

XXXil CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY

Museum (Brivis), Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects in the Collection of

the British Museum. Part VII. Longicornia, I. 12mo. London,

1853. Part VIII. Longicornia, Il. By Adam White. 12mo.

London, 1855. Part IX. Cassidide. By Charles H. Boheman,

Professor of Natural History, Stockholm. 12mo. London, 1856.

List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of

the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S. Parts 1.—VII.

Lepidoptera Heterocera. 12mo. London, 1854—56. Part VIII.

Sphingide. 12mo. London, 1856. Parts IX.—XV. Noctuide.

12mo. London, 1856—58. Part XVI. Deltoides. 12mo. London,

1858. Parts XVII.—XIX. Pyralides. 12mo. London, 1859.

Parts XX.—XXII. Geometrides. 12mo. London, 1860.

List of British Curculionidae, with Synonyma. By John Walton,

F.L.S., ete. 12mo. London, 1856,

Catalogue of British Ichneumonide in the Collection of the British

Museum. By T. Desvignes. 12mo. London, 1856.

Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of Madeira in the Collection of

the British Museum. By T. Vernon Wollaston. 8vo. London,

1857.

Catalogue of British Fossorial Hymenoptera, Formicidae and Vespide

in the Collection of the British Museum. By Frederick Smith,

V.P.E.S. 8yvo. London, 1858.

Catalogue of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Collection

of the British Museum. By Dr. Hagen. Part I. Termitina.

12mo. London, 1858.

Catalogue of Hispide in the Museum Collection. By J.S. Baly. 8vo.

London, 1859.

List of British Diatomacee in the Collection of the British Museum.

By the Rev. W. Smith, F.L.S., ete. 12mo. London, 1859.

Catalogue of Orthopterous Insects in the Collection of the British

Museum. Part I. Phasmide. By John Obadiah Westwood,

F.L.S., M.E.S., etc. 4to. London, 1859.

Monograph of Halticidee in the Collection of the British Museum.

By the Rev. Hamlet Clark, M.A., F.L.S. Physapodes and Aidi-

podes. Part I. 8vo. London, 1860.

Museum (East Inpia Company), A Catalogue of the Lepidopterous Insects in

the Collection of the E. I. C. By Thomas Horsfield and Frederic

Moore. Vol. I. Papiliones—Sphinges. S8vo. London, 1857.

Vol. II. Bombyces. 8vo. London, 1858—69.

Nees AB Esenseck (C. D.), Hymenopterorum ichneumonibus affinium Mono-

eraphiz, genera Europxa et species illustrantes. Svo. Stutt-

gartie et Tubinge, 1834.

Necri (Pietro). See PAsserrni (Carlo).

NewMan (Edward) See Journal, Tue Zoo.ocisr.

Sphinx vespiformis: An Essay by E.N. Svo. Lond. 1832.

A Paper on the Nomenclature of the Parts of the Head of Insects,

Read before the Entomological Society of London, Dec. 18338,

and published, with explanatory plates, in the Entomological

Magazine. 8vo. Lond. 1834.

The Grammar of Entomology. 12mo. Lond. 1836.

The Entomologist: conducted by E. N. Svo. Lond. 1840—2.

A familiar Introduction to the History of Insects; being a new and

greatly improved edition of the Grammar of Entomology. 8vo.

Lond. 1841.

OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXXil

NeEwMAN (Edward), The System of Nature: An Essay, by E. N. Second

edition. Svo. Lond, 1843.

Newrorr (G.), On the Respiration of Insects. Phil. Trans. 1836. Ent.

Tracts. 4to.

On the Temperature of Insects, and its Connexion with the Functions

of Respiration and Circulation in this Class of invertebrated

Animals. Phil. Trans. 1837. Ent. Tracts. 4to.

Observations on the Anatomy, Habits and Economy of Athalia Centi-

folie, the Saw-fly of the Turnip, and on the means which have

been adopted for the prevention of its ravages. The Prize Essay

of the Ent. Soc. and Agric. Assoc. of Saffron Walden for the year

1837. Ent. Tracts. Vols.8 and 12. 8vo. Lond. 1838.

Insecta. Todd, Cyclop. Anat.und Phys. 8vo. Lond. 1839.

On the Structure, Relations and Developement of the Nervous and

Circulatory Systems, and on the Existence of a complete Circula-

tion of the Blood in Vessels in Myriapoda and Macrourous

Arachnida. First series, Phil. Trans. 1845.

On the Reproduction of lost parts in Myriapoda and Insecta. Phil.

Trans. 1844.

Monograph of the Class Myriapoda, Order Chilopoda; with Observa-

tions on the General Arrangement of the Articulata. Trans. Lin.

Soc. XIX.; Arts. XXVI., and XXVIII.

On the Formation and Use of the Air-sacs and dilated Trachez in

Insects. Trans. Linn. Soc. XX.

On the Anatomy and Affinities of Pteronarcys regalis, Newm. ; with a

postscript, containing Descriptions of some Anierican Perlide, to-

gether with notes on their habits. Trans. Linn. Soc. XX.

The Natural History, Anatomy and Developement of Meloé, more

especially of Melo¢ cicatricosus, Leach. Trans. Linn, Soc. XX.

and XXI.

Further Observations on the Genus Anthophorabia. Trans. Linn.

Soc. XXI.

The Anatomy and Developement of certain Chalcidide and Ichneu-

monide, &c. ‘Trans. Linn. Soc. XXL, Arts. VIII. and X.

Further Observations on the Habits of Monodontomerus ; with some

account of a new Acarus (Heferopus ventricosus), a Parasite in the

nests of Anthrophora retusa. Trans. Linn. Soc. XXI.

On the Ocelli in the Genus Anthophorabia. Trans. Linn. Soc. XXT.

See Museum (Britisu), List of the Specimens of Myriapoda in the

Collection of the British Museum.

Nretner (John), Entomological Papers; being Descriptions of new Ceylon

Coleoptera. Nos. 1—4. 8vo. Columbo, 1856. Ent. Tracts.

Vol. 4.

Norpman (Alexander), Symbola ad Monographiam Staphylinorum. 4to.

Petropoli, 1837.

Nouveau Guide de l’Amateur d’Insectes, comprenant les généralités sur leur

division en ordres. indication des ustensiles et les meilleurs

procédés pour leur faire la chasse, les époques et les conditions

les plus favorables & cette chasse. La manieére de les préparer

et de les conservir en Collections. Par plusieurs Membres de la

Société Entomologique de France. 12mo. Paris, 1859.

Nurr (Thomas), Humanity to Honey-Bees, or practical Directions for the

Management of Honey-Bees. Second edition. 8vo, Wisbeach,

1834,

VoL. v.—1861. (e

XXXIV CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY

NyYLANDER (William), Synopsis des Formicides de France et d’Algérie. Ann.

Sci. Nat. 4€ série. ‘Tom. V. Paris, 1856.

Genus Familiz Apidarum Heriades, quod Synopsi Monographica

exponit. Mem. Soc. Imp. Sci. Nat. de Cherbourg. Tom. IY.

Ent. Tract. Vol.8. 8vo. ——, 1856.

NysteEn (P. H.), Recherches sur les Maladies des Vers 4 Soie. 8vo. Paris,

1806. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 11.

OctsENHEIMER (Ferdinand), Die Schmetterlinge von Europa. 5 Band. Svo.

Leipsig, 1807.

Ouivier (A. G.), Entomologie ; ou Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, 8 Tomes.

4to. Paris, 1789—1808.

OsTEN-SACKEN (R.), Catalogue of the described Diptera of North America.

Prepared for the Smithsonian Institution. 8vo. Washington,

1858.

Panzer (G. W. F.), Index Entomologicus, sistens omnes Insectorum species in

G. W. F. Panzeri Fauna Insectorum Germanica descriptas atque

delineatas secundum methodum Fabricianum ; adjectis emen-

dationibus, observationibus. Pars I. Eleutherata. 8vo. No-

rimberge, 1813.

Kritische Revision der Insektenfaune Deutschlands nach dem System

bearbeitet von Dr. G. W. F. P. Band 1, 2. 8vo. Nurnberg,

1805, 1806.

PauuAs (P.S.), Icones Insectorum presertim Rossie Sibiriaque peculiarum

que collegit et descriptionibus illustravit P. 8. P. 4to. Er-

lange, 1781.

Voyage du Professeur Pallas dans plusieurs provinces de |’Empire

de Russie et dans I’ Asie septentrionale ; traduits de 1’ Allemand par

le C. Gauthier de la Peyronie. Nouvelle édition, revue et enrichie

de Notes par les C. C. Lamarck et Langlés. Texte 8 Tom. $vo.

Paris, An II. Plates1 Tom. 4to. Paris, An X.

Pascog (F. P.), On some new Anthribide. From the Annals and Magazine

of Natural History for November and December, 1859.

On some new Longicornia from the Moluccas. From the Annals and

Magazine of Natural History for February, 1860.

PassErIni (Carlo), Osservazioni sopra alcune Larve o Tignole dell’ Ulivo. Giorn.

Agerar. Tose. 1832. 8vo. Firenze, 1832? Ent. Tracts. Vol.

12.

Rapporto del Dott. C. P. sopra l’}Opuscolo del Dott. Pietro Negri

intitolato: Memoria sopra il bruco che in quest’ anno devasta i

seminati di frumento delle provincie di Bologna, ete. Atti Accad.

Georgof. 1833. 8vo. Firenze, 1838. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 12.

Alcune Notizie sopra una Specie d’Insetto del Gen. Thrips dannoso

agli Ulivi. Atti Accad. Georgof. IT. XII. 8vo. Firenze, 1834.

Ent. Tracts. Vol. 12.

Rapporto del Dott. Carlo Pass. sulla Memoria manoscritta del Sig.

F. Luciani di Castelnuovo intitolata: Sulle larve danneggiatrici del

grano Siciliano. Atti del Georgof. di Firenze, 18383. 8vo.

Firenze, 1835. Misc. Ent. Pamphl.

Osservazioni sopra due Insetti nocivi il Lytta verticalis che nel 1839

danneggio a Volterra le Piante di Patate. Atti Georgof. 1839.

Vol. XVIII. 8vo. Firenze, 1840. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 12.

Osservazioni sulle Larve, Ninfe, e Abitudini della Scolia flavifrons.

(Ent. Tracts, 4to.) 4to. Pisa, 1840.

OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXXV

PassERINI (CARLO), Continuazione delle Osservazioni nell’ anno 1841, sulle

Larve di Scolia flavifrons, (Ent. Tracts. 4to.) 4to. Firenze,

1841.

Notizie relative a tre Specie d’Insetti nocivi all’ Ulivo. Atti Accad:

Georgof, 1842. 8vo. Firenze, 1843. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 12.

Istoria dei Bruci o Larve della Lithosia caniola. From Atti Accad.

Georg. 1843. 8vo. Firenze, 1844. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 2.

Dei Vantaggi che l’ Agricoltura puo ricavare dallo Studio dell’ Ento-

mologia. Memoria letta all’ i E. R. Accademia dei Georgofili.

8vo. -Firenze, 1846. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 2.

Notizie sopra due Specie d’Insetti nocivi agli Alberi: una Cecidomia

alle foglie dei cerri ed i brucci o larve della Liparis salicis ai

pioppi cipressini. Memoria letta alla R. Accademia dei Georgofili.

8vo. Firenze, 1849. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 2.

Notizie relative ad Insetti Coleotteri dannosi ed alcuni ospitanti della

Pianta del Fico (Ficus carica), lette alla R. Accademia dei Georgo..

fili. 8vo. Firenze, 1851. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 2.

PaT?TERSON (Robert), Letters on the Natural History of the Insects mentioned

in Shakespeare’s Plays. 8vo. Lond. 1838.

On the Study of Natural History as a Branch of General Education in

Schools and Colleges. (Read before the Belfast Nat. Hist. Soc.

1840.) Ent. Tracts. Vol. 10.

On the Bolina Hibernica. Trans. Roy. Irish Acad. Vol. XIX. (Ent,

Tracts. 4to.) 4to. Dublin, 1840.

Description of the Cydnippe Pomiformis (Beroé ovatus, Flem.), with

Notice of an apparently undescribed Species of Bolina also found

on the Coast of Ireland. From the Trans. Roy. Irish Acad. Vol.

XIX. (Ent. Tracts. 4to.) 4to. Dublin, 1839.

), Note sur des Animaux quicolorent en Rouge les Marais salans.

Ann. Sci. Nat. 1836. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 13.

PENNANT (Thomas), British Zoology. Fourth edition. 4 vols. 8vo. War-

rington 1776-77.

PercneRron (A.), Description de Derbe, Fabricius, et Cephalelus, Percheron.

Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1832. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3.

Description du Cephalelus infumatus. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1832.

Note sur la Larve du Myrmeleon libelluloides. Guérin, Mag. Zool.

1833. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3.

Mémoire sur les Raphidies, Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1833. Ent. Tracts.

Vol. 3.

Bibliographie Entomologique. 2 Tomes. 8vo. Paris, 1837.

Perroup (B. P.) Mélanges Entomologiques. Parties 2, 3. Part 1 wanting.

8vo. Lyons, 1850.

Prcter (F. J.), Recherches pour servir a ]’Histoire et a Ll Anatomie des

Phryganides. 4to. Genéve, 1834.

Description de quelques nouvelles Espéces d’Insectes du Bassin du

Léman. Mém. Soc. Phys. et d’Hist. Nat. de Genéve. VII.

lére Partie. 4to. 1835.

_ Description de quelques nouvelles Espéces de Néuropteéres du Musée

de Geneve. Mém. Soc. Phys. et d’Hist. Nat. de Genéve, ‘Tom.

VII. 2e Part. 1836.

Note sur les Organs Respiratoires des Capricornes. Mém. Soc. Phys.

et d’ Hist. Nat. de Genéve, Tom. VII. Sec, Partie, 1836,

PaYEN (

XXXVI CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY

Pictet (I. J.), Histoire Naturelle générale et particuliére des Insectes Néu-

roptéres. — Famille des Perlides. — Famille des Ephémérines.

8vo. Genéve et Paris, 1841—1845.

Pirano (Antoine), La Science de la Sétifére, ou l’ Art de produire la Soie. 8vo.

Paris, 1828.

Prancuon (J.E.), Histoire d’une Larve Aquatique du Genre Simulium. (Ent.

Tracts. 4to.) 4te. Montpellier, 1844.

Promuey (F.), The Natural History of the Hop Fly. S8vo. Maidstone. Ent.

Tracts.

Puitrenry (Richard), A General View of the Writings of Linneus. 8vo.

Lond. 1781.

Purcuas (Samuel), A Theatre of Politicall Flying-Insects ; wherein especially

the Nature, the Worth, the Work, the Wonder, and the manner

of Right-ordering of the Bee, is discovered and described. To-

gether with Discourses Historical, and Observations Physical

concerning them. Andina Second Part are annexed Meditations

and Observations, ‘Theological and Moral, in Three Centuries

upon that Subject. 4to. Lond. 1657.

Putzeys (J.), Broscosoma, Carabidum Genus Novum. 8yo. Bruxelles, 1846.

Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5.

Prémices Entomologiques. Syo. Liége, 1845.

Monographie des Clivina et Genres voisins. Mém. Soc. Roy. Sci.

Liége. Tom. 2. 1846.

And published separately.

RapDouAN (Jacques), Petit Manuel des Propriétaires d’Abeilles. 12mo. Paris,

1821.

RaNnvDALL (John W.), Descriptions of New Species of Coleopterous Insects

inhabiting the State of Massachusetts. Boston Journ. Nat. Hist.

Vol. 2.

Descriptions of New Species of Coleopterous Insects inhabiting the

State of Maine. Boston Journ. Nat. Hist. Vol. 2.

Ratrzesure (Julius Theodor Christian), Die Forst-Insecten, oder Abbildung

und Beschreibung der in den Waldern Preusseus und der Nach-

barstaaten als schadlich oder nutzlich bekannt gewordenen In-

secten; In systematischer Folge und mit besonderer Rucksicht

auf die Vertilgung der Schadlichen. LErster Theil. Die Kafer.

(Zweite Auflage.) Zweiter Theil. Die Falter. Dritte Theil.

Die Ader-, Zwei-, Halb-, Netz- und Geradflugler. 38 vols. 4to.

Berlin, 1839, 1840, 1844.

Die Ichneumonen der Forstinsecten in Entomologischer und Forst-

licher Beziehung. Ein Anhang zur Abbildung und Beschreibung

der Forstinsecten. 38 vols. 4to. Berlin, 1844, 1848, 1852.

Ray (John), Historia Insectorum. Opus posthumum jussu Regie Societatis

Londinensis editum. Cui subjungitur Appendix de Scarabais

Britannicis, autore M. Lister, S. R. S., ex MSS. Musazi Ash-

molewani. 4to. Lond. 1710.

The Wisdom of God manifested in the Works of the Creation. In

Two Parts. The Tenth Edition, corrected. Svo. Lond. 1736.

Raynaup (J. B.), Magnanier infaillible, ou Traité de 1’Education da Ver-a-

Soie. 8vo. Paris, 1838. - Ent. Tracts. Vol. 11.

Reape (J. B.), On Animals of the Chalk still found in a living state in the

Stomachs of Oysters. 8vo. 1844. Ent. Tracts.

Reaumur (René-Antoine-Ferchault de), Mémoires pour servir a |’ Histoire

des Insectes. 6 Tomes. 4to. Paris, 1784—1742,

Another copy,

OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXXVIL

Repti (Francis), Opusculorum pars prior, sive Experimenta circa Generationem

Insectorum ad Iustrem Virum Carolum dati, accedit J. Frid.

Lachmund de Ave Diomedea Dissertatio. 12 Amsteledami, 1786.

ReEDTENBACHER (Ludwig), Fauna Austriaca. Die Kafer. S8vo. Wien, 1858.

See Koiuar (Vincenz).

Reicu (G.C.), Magazin des Thierreichs. Erster Band. 4to. Erlangen, 1793.

Beitrag zur Lehre von der geographischen Verbreitung der Insecten,

insbesondere der Kafer. Acta Ces. Leop. Carol. Nat. Cur. Vol,

XVI. 4to. Bonn. 1838.

Lehrbuch der practischen Heilkunde. Band 1, Erste Lief. S8vo.

Berlin, 1842.

RENARD (——), Rapport sur la Séance extraordinaire solennelle du 28 Décembre

1855, aoccasion du Jubilé semi-séculaire de la Société Impériale

des Naturalistes de Moscou. Syo. Moscou, 1856. Ent. Tracts.

Vol. 10.

Rerzius (Anders Jahan). See De GEER (C.)

Ricuarvson (John), Fauna Boreali- Americana; or the Zoology of the Northern

Parts of British America: containing descriptions of the objects

of Natural History collected on the late northern land expedition

under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R. N. By J.R.

assisted by William Swainson, and the Rev. William Kirby.

4 Parts. 1. Quadrupeds, by Dr. John Richardson. 2. Birds, by

William Swainson. 3. Fish, by Dr. John Richardson. 4. Insects,

by Rev. William Kirby. 4to, Lond. 1829—1837. Part 4

published at Norwich.

Robert (Eugene), Extrait du Compte Rendu de la Société Royale et Centrale

d’ Agriculture qui a décerné a M. le doct. L’ Eugene Robert le prix

institué pour la découverte et la mise en pratique de moyens

propres a détruire les insectes nuisibles aux foréts, etc. 8vo.

Paris, 1847. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 2.

See GUERIN-MENEVILLE (F. E.).

Rocca (Ablé Della), Traité complet sur les Abeilles. 2 Tom. 8vo. Paris,

1790.

Reamer (John Jacob), Genera Insectorum Linnaei et Fabricii iconibus illustrata

aJ.J.R. 4to. Vitoduri Helvetorum, 1789.

RoesEL (August Johann), Der monatlich-herausgegebenen Insecten-Belusti-

gung. 4 Theil. 4to. Nurnberg, 1744—1761.

RomMANpD (De), Tableau de |’ Aile Supérieure des Hyménopteres. (Ent. Tracts.

4to.) 4to. Paris, 1839. '

Note sur Je Genre Pelecinus. Hyménopteéres pupivores évaniales.

Mag. de Zool. 1840. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 8.

Notice sur divers Insectes Hyménopteres de Ja Famille des Melliféres.

Mag. de Zool. 1841. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 8.

Roser (C. L. F. de), Verzeichniss der in Wurtembere vorkommenden Kifer.

1838.

Ross (P.j, Fauna Etrusca, sistens Insecta que in provinciis Florentina et

8vo. Pisana presertim collegit. 2Tom. 4to. Liburni, 1790.

Mantissa Insectorum, exhibens species nuper in Etruria collectas.

4to. Pisis, 1792.

Roru (J. R.), Diagnosen neuer Coleoptera aus Abyssinien. Archiv f. Naturg.

XVII Jahrg. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 4.

RuspEn (Moses), A further Discovery of Bees. 12mo. Lond. 1679.

RuscHENBERGER (W.S. W.), A Notice of the Origin, Progress, and present

Condition of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia:

Ent. Tracts. Vol. 10. Syo. Philad. 1852.

XXXVIil CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY

Saint-Farceau (Am. Le Peletier de), Monographia Tenthredinetarum, sy-

nonimia extricata. Svo. Parisiis, 1823.

SaMOUELLE (George), The Entomologist’s Useful Compendium. 8vo. London.

A Nomenclature of British Entomology, or a Catalogue of above

4,000 Species of the Classes Crustacea, Myriapoda, Spiders,

Mites and Insects, alphabetically arranged and intended as

Labels for Cabinets of British Insects, from the Entomologist’s

Useful Compendium. 8vo. Lond. 1816.

Saunpers (William Wilson), Insecta Saundersiana; or Characters of unde-

scribed Insects in the Collection of W. W. S. Coleoptera;

Curculionides. Parts I. II. By Henry Jekel. Diptera. Parts

T.—V. By Francis Walker. 8vo. Lond. 1850—1860.

SaunpeERs (W. W.) and Jexen (H.), Descriptions de quelques Curculionites.

Ann. Soc. Ent. France. 3 Ser. Tom. III. 1855. Ent. Tracts.

Vol. 4.

Saussure (H. F. de), Etudes sur la Famille de Vespides. Monographie des

Guépes Sociales. Cahirs 1—7. 8vo. Paris, 1853.

Mélanges Hyménopterologiques. Mém. Soc. Phys. et d’Hist. Nat.

de Geneve. Tom. XIV.

Nouvelles Considérations sur la Nidification des Guépes. Ent. Tracts.

Vol. 8. 8vo. Paris, 1855.

Description de Diverses Espéces nouvelles ou peu connues de Genre

Scolia. Ann. Soc. Ent. de France. 38° Serie. Tom. VI. 8vo.

Paris, 1858.

Saussure (H. F. de), Monographie des Guépes Solitaires, ou de la Tribu des

Euméniens, &c. Cahier I.—VI. 8vo. Paris et Genéve, 1852.

Monographique des Guépes Sociales. 8vo. Paris.

Savieny (Jules-César), Mémoires sur les Animaux sans Vertébres. Premiére

Partie. 1 Fasc. Seconde Partie. 1 Fasc. 8vo. Paris, 1816.

Say (Thomas), Descriptions of New Species of Curculionites of North

America, with Observations on some of the Species already

known. Ent. Tracts. Vol.5. S8vo. New Harmony, 1831.

American Entomology, or Descriptions of the Insects of North

America. Illustrated by coloured Figures from Original Draw-

ings executed from Nature. 8vo. Philadelphia, 1824—1828.

Another copy. Vol. 3 wanting.

Descriptions of New Species of North American Hymenoptera, and

Observations on some already described. Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist.

Vol. J. Art. XIII. and XVII.

Descriptions of New North American Coleopterous Insects, and

Observations on some already described. Boston Jour. Nat.

Hist. Vol. I.

SCHAEFFER (Jacob Christian), Nattrlich ausgemahlte Abbildungen Regens-

burgischer Insecten. 2 Theil. 4to. Regensburg, 1766—69.

ScHaum (Hermann), Catalogus Coleopterorum Europe. Herausgegeben vom

Entomologischen Verein in Stettin. S8vo. Berlin, 1852.

Ueber Fulgorelle (Latr.) Encykl. d. W. u. K. Erste Sect. LI.

Ent. Tracts. 4to.

Bericht tber die Wissenschaftlichen Leistungen im Gebiete der

Entomologie. 8yo. Berlin, 1850—1852.

Hemiptera. Halbflugler. Peters, Reise nach Mossambique. Ent.

Tracts. 4to.

Orthoptera. Geradfliigler. Peters, Reise nach Mossambique. Ent:

Tracts. 4to;

OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. XXXIX

Scuaum (Hermann), Analecta Entomologica (Dissertatio Inauguralis). 8vo.

Halis Saxonum, 1841.

Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschlands. Vol. I. Parts 1 and 3.

8vo. Berlin, 1856—59.

ScHELLENBERG (J. R.), Cimicum in Helvetia Aquis et Terris degentium

Genus in Familias redactum, Observationibus et Iconibus adorna-

torum delineatis illustratum. 8vo. Turici, 1800.

Another copy.

ScHIFFER- MULLER (

). See Denis ( ).

ScurogptTse (J.C.), Specimen Faune Subterranee. Bidrag til den underjordiske

Fauna. Kgl. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skrif. 5 Raekke Nat. Math,

Afd. 2det Bind. 4to. Kjobenhevn.

Om en afvigende Slaegt af Spindlernes Orden. Ent. Tracts. Vol. I.

ScHLAEGER (Friedrich), Berichte des Lepidopterologischen Tauschvereines tber

die Jahre 1842 bis 1847. 8vo. Jena, 1848.

ScnornneERR (C. J.), Synonymia Insectorum, oder Versuch einer Synonymie

aller bisher bekannter Insecten. Erster Band. 3 Theilen. 8vo.

Stockholm, 1806. Appendix ad Tom. I. Part 3. Sistens de-

scriptiones novarum Specierum. 8yo, Scaris. 1817.

Curculionidum Dispositio Methodica, cum generum characteribus, de-

scriptionibus atque observationibus variis, seu prodromus ad syno-

nymiz Insectorum. Partem 4. Svo. Llipsie, 1826.

Genera et Species Curculionidum, cum synonymia hujus Familie; a

C. J.8. Species nove aut hactenus minus cognite, descripti-

onibus a Dom. Leonardo Gyllenhal, C. H. Boheman, et Entomo-

logis aliis illustrate. 8 Tom, 8vo. Parisiis et Lipsie, 1833—49.

Mantissa secunda Familiz Curculionidum, seu descriptiones novorum

quorundam generum Curculionidum. 8vo. Holmie, 1847.

Genera et Species Curculionidum. Catalogus ab H. Jekel. 12mo,

Parisiis, 1849.

ScHRANK (Franz von Paula), Fauna Boica. Durchgedachte Geschichte der

in Baiern einheimischen und zahmen Thiere. 38 Band. 8vo.

Nurnberg, 1798—1803.

Scoroti (Joannes Antonius), Entomologia Carniolica, exhibens Insecta Car-

nioliz indigena et distributa in ordines, genera, species, varie-

tates Methodo Linnzana. 8vo. Vindobone, 1763.

Two other copies.

Sxesa (Albertus), Locupletissimi rerum naturalium Thesauri accurata descriptio

et iconibus artificiosissimus expressio. Fol. Amsteled. The

Insect Plates only.

SELLA (Eug.), Description d’une nouvelle Espéce du Genre Carabus propre au

Piémont. Rey. et Mag. Zool. 1855. Ent. Tracts.

Seiys-Lonecuampes (Edm. de), Catalogue des Lépidoptéres ou Papillons de

la Belgique, précédé du tableau des Libellulines de ce Pays. S8vo.

Liége, 1837. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 9.

Monographie des Libellulidées d’Europe. 8vo. Paris, 1840.

Revue des Odonates ou Libellules d’Europe. 8vo. Bruxelles¥et

Leipsig et Paris, 1850. Mém. Soc. Roy. Sci. de Liége. Tom.

VI. Liege, 1850.

Synopsis des Caloptérygines. Mém. Acad. Roy. de Brux. 1853.

Ent. Tracts. Vol. 7.

Monographie des Gomphines. 8vo, Brux., Leipzig et Paris, 1857.

xl CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY

Se.ys-Lonccuamps (Edm. de), Nouvelles additions aux Libellulidées de la

Belgique. Acad. Roy. de Brux. Tom. X. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 7.

Additions 4 deux Notices sur les Libellulidées. Acad. Roy. Brux.

Tom. VII. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 7.

Notices sur les Libellulidées, Acad. Roy. de Brux. Tom. VI. Ent.

Tracts. Vol. 7.

Enumération des Insectes Lépidoptéres de la Belgique. Acad, Roy.

de Brux. Tom. VII. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 9.

Enumération des Libellulidées de la Belgique. Acad. Roy. Brux.

Tom. VII. Enf. Tracts. Vol. 9.

Description de deux nouvelles Espéces d’@shna du_ sous-genre

Anax (Leach). 8vo. Bruxelles.

Sepp (Christian), Surinaamsche Vlinders. Papillons de Surinam. 2 Deel.

Planches 1—112. 4to: Amsterdam.

Suarswoop (W.), Bibliographia librorum Entomologicorum in America boreali

editorum. 8vo.

Suuckarp (W. E.) See Burmeister (Dr. H.)

A Manual of Entomology.

Essay on the Indigenous Fossorial Hymenoptera, &c. §Svo. Lond.

1837.

Monograph of the Dorylidz, a Family of the Hymenoptera Heiero-

gyna. Ent. Tracts. 8vo. Lond. 1840.

An Account of the Pulex penetrans, Z., translated from Pohland

Kollar’s Work, “ Brasiliens vorziiglich lastige Insecten ;’’ that is,

on the Noxious Insects of Brazil. Mag. Nat. Hist. Vol. IX.

Ent. Tracts. Vol. 6.

Monograph of the Dorylide, a Family of the Hymenoptera Hetero-

gyna. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1840. Ent. Tracts. Vel. 8.

The British Coleoptera delineated, consisting of Figures of all the

Genera of British Beetles, drawn in outline by W. Spry, edited

by W. E.S. 8vo. Lond. 1840.

Elements of British Entomology. Part 1. 8¥o. London, 1839.

S1cuEL (J.), De la Chasse des Hymenopteres. 12mo. Paris, 1859.

S1esoLp (C. Th. von), Ueber Strepsiptera. Wiegm. Archiv f. Naturg. 1843.

Ent. Tracts. Vol. 8.

S1ppaLpD (Rob.), Scotia illustrata, sive Prodromus Historie Naturalis. Fol.

Edinburgi, 1684.

S1epoip (Carl. Theod. von), Ueber die Spermatozoiden der Locusten. Acta

Acad. Leop. Nat. Cur. Vol. X XI.

Ueber die Fadenwurmer der Insekten. Erster Nachtrag. Entomo-

logische Zeitung, 1843. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5.

Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der wirbellosen Thiere. 4to. Danzig,

1839.

Observationes quedam Entomologica de Oxybello uniglume atque

Miltogramma conica, (Ent, Tracts. 4to.) 4to. Erlange, 1841.

Si1gnoreT (V.), Revue critique du Groupe des Tettigonides et de la Tribu

Cercopides. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1853. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3.

SILBERMANN (Gustave). See Journal (StrasBourG), Revue Entomologique.

S1tx-Worm, L’Educazione de’ Bachida seta come si pratica nella Brianza,

Ent. Tracts. Vol.11. 8yo. Milano.

OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. xli

Smiru (James Edward), The Natural History of the Lepidopterous Insects

of Georgia; collected from the Observations of Mr. John Abbott

by James Edward Smith. 2 Vols. Pol. Lond. 1797.

Smitu (frederick), M. E. 8., Catalogue of British Hymenoptera in the Col-

lection of British Museum. Part I. Apidae —Bees. 12mo. London,

1855.

SNELLEN-VAN-VOLLENHOEVEN. See ‘Transactions of Learned Sccicties

(Hacue), Société Ent. des Pays-Bas.

SparrMAN (Andrew), A Voyage to the Cape of Good Hope, towards the

Antarctic Polar Circle, and round the World; but chiefly into

the Country of the Hottentots and Caffres, from the year 1772—~

1776. 2 Vols. 4to. Lond. 1786.

Spence (William). See Kirey (William).

On Accidents, Diseases, and Insects relating tothe Elm. Ent. Tracts.

Vol. 12. 8vo. Lond. 1836.

Spinoza (Maximillian), Insectorum Liguriz Species nova aut rariores, quas in

Agro Ligustico nuper detexit, descripsit, et Iconibus illustravit

Max. 8S. 2 Tom. 4to. Genue, 1806.

Considerazioni sulla Bocca degli Insetti presa base sistematica. Tnt.

Tracts. 4to.

Essai d’une nouvelle Classification des Diplolepaires. Ent. Tracts. 4to.

Considerazioni sopra i Costumi degl’ Imenotteri del G. Sirex, Fab., e

sopra il mighor posto dei Siregiti. 8vo. Genova, 1643. Ent.

Tracts. Vol. 8.

Dei Prioniti e dei Colleotteri ad essi piu aflini Osseryazioni. Ent.

Tracts. 4to.

Di una novella Specie di Henestaris. (tra gli Emitteri-eterotteri).

Ent. Tracts. Vol. 6.

Osservazioni sopra i Caratteri Naturali di tre Famiglie d’Insetti

imenotteri, cioe le Vesparie, le Masaride e le Crisidide. 8vo.

Genova, 1843. Ent. Tracts.

Tavola sinottica dei Generi spettanti alla Classe degli Insetti artroi-

dignati, Hemiptera, Linn., Latr. Rhyngota, Fab. Rhynchota,

Burm. Mem. Soc. Ital. Sci. Modena. XXV. 4to. Modena,

1850.

Essai sur les Genres d’ Insectes appartenants a4 |’Ordre des Hemipteres,

Linn., ou Rhyngotes, Fab., et ala section des Hétéropteres, Dufour.

8vo. Génes, 1837.

Essai Monographique sur les Clérites, Insectes Coléopteres. 2 Tom.

8vo. Genes, 1844.

SPRENGEL (C.), Commentarius de partibus quibus Insecta spiritus ducunt.

(Ent. Tracts. 4to.) 4to. Lipsiz, 1815.

Spry (W.) See Suuckarn (W. E.), British Coleoptera delineated,

Stainton (Henry Tibbats), The Entomologist’s Annual. Lepidoptera. By

the Editor. Hymenoptera. By Frederick Smith. Coleoptera:

By E. W. Janson. 12mo. 8vo. London, 1855—186].

(Assisted by Professor Ze.ier, J. W. DouGras and Professor Frey).

The Natural History of the Tineina. Vol. I., containing Nepticula,

Part I.; Cemiostoma, Part I. Vol. II., containing Lithocolletis,

Part I. Vol. ILI., containing HElachista, Part I.; Tischeria,

Part I. Vol. IV., containing Coleophora, Part I. Vol. V., con-

taining Coleophora, Part II. Vol. VI., containing Depressaria,

Part I. 8vo. London, 1855—1861.

xl CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY

SrainTon (Henry Tibbats), Systematic Catalogue of the British Tineide and

Pterophoride. 8vo. Lond. 1849.

A Supplementary Catalogue of the British Tineide et Pterophoride.

8vo. Lond. 1851.

The Entomologist’s Companion ; being a Guide to the Collection of

Micro- Lepidoptera, and comprising a Calendar of British Tineide.

12mo. Lond. 1852.

The Entomologist’s Companion. Second Edition. 12mo. Lond. 1854.

List of British Tineina, for labelling Cabinets. Svo. Lond. 1854.

Two copies.

A Manual of British Butterflies and Moths. Vol.I1.—II. 8vo. Lond.

1857—1859.

See Journal (Lonpon), The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer.

See Insecta Britannica.

Bibliotheca Stephensiana, being a Catalogue of the Entomological

Library of the late J. F.S. 4to. Lond. 1863.

STEPHENS (James Francis), Illustrations of British Entomology, or a Synopsis

of Indigenous Insects. Mandibulata, 7 Vols. Haustellata, 4 Vols.

(No plates. Vol. 4, Haustellata, wanting. Vol. 5, Mandibulata,

wanting.) S8vo. Lond. 1828—1836.

Another copy, in boards.

The Nomenclature of British Insects. Svo. Lond. 1829.

A Systematic Catalogue of British Insects, being an Attempt to ar-

range all the hitherto discovered indigenous Insects in accordance

with their natural Affinities. 8vo. Lond. 1829.

Another copy, bound.

A Description of Chiasognathus Grantii, an insect forming the type of

an undescribed genus, with brief remarks upon its structure and

affinities. Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. 4to. Camb. 1831. Ent.

Tracts.

An Abstract of the indigenous Lepidoptera contained in the Verzeich-

niss bekannter Schmetterlinge by Hubner. 8vo. Lond. 18385.

Ent. Tracts. Vol. 9.

A Manual of British Coleoptera, or Beetles. Svo. Lond. 1839.

Two copies.

See Museum (BritisH), List of.the Specimens of British Animals

in the Collection of the British Museum Part. V. and X. Le-

pidoptera (continued.)

Stevens (Samuel), Directions for collecting and preserving Specimens of Na-

tural History in tropical Climates. 8vo. Lond, Ent. Tracts.

Vol. 10.

Srouz (Caspar), Natuurlyke en naar ’t leeven naauwkeurig gekleurde Afbeel-

dingen en Beschryvingen der Wautzen, &c. &c. &c. Text in

Dutch and French. 4to. Amsterdam, 1788.

Natuurlyke en naar ’t leeven naauwkeurig gekleurde Afbeeldingin en

Beschryvingen der Cicaden, &c. &c. Text in Dutch and French.

4to. Amsterdam, 1788.

Sturm (Jacob), Catalog meiner Insecten-Sammlung. LErster Theil. Kafer.

8vo. Nurnberg, 1826.

OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, xiii

Sturm (J. H. G. F.), Deutschlands Fauna in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit

Beschreibungen. 5 Abtheilung. Die Insecten. Band I—YVIII.

and Band 23. 8vo. Nurnberg, 1805—1834 and 1857.

Swainson (William). See Ricuarpson (John).

An Essay on the Geographical Distribution of Man and Animals,

Ent. Tracts. Vol. 10. 8vo. Lond. 1835.

Introductory Observations on the Natural System. From the Northern

Zoology. Vol. IJ. Ent. Tracts. Ato.

Zoological Illustrations. Second Series. The Insects. 8vo, Lond.

1832—1833.

SWAMMERDAM (John), Histoire générale des Insectes. 4to. Utrecht, 1682.

Historia Insectorum generalis. 4to. Ultrajecti, 1693.

SwWAMMERDAM (Joannis), Biblia Naturs, sive Historia Insectorum, accedit

prefatio, in qua vitam auctoris descripsit Hermannus Boerhaave,

Latinam versionem adscripsit Hieronimus David Ganbius. Text

in Latin and Dutch. 2 Tom. Fol. Leyde, 1737.

Syxes (William Henry), Some Account of the Kolisurra Silkworm of the

Deccan. ‘Trans. Roy. Asiat. Soc. Gt. Brit. Vol. III. Ent. Tracts,

Ato.

TARNIER (Frédéric), Coléopteres des Iles Agores. Extrait du Voyage aux

Agores, par M. Arthur Morelet. 8vo. Dijon, 1860.

Taytor (Henry), The Bee-keeper’s Manual; or, practical Hints on the

Management and complete Preservation of the Honey-Bee.

Second edition. 12mo. Lond. 1839.

Tuompson (B.), The Vegetable or Bullrush Caterpillars. Cal. Jour. Nat. Hist.

Vio p: (4 Ents /Eracts:

Tuomrson (John V.), Memoir on the Pentacrinus Europeus. (Ent. Tracts.

4to.) 4to. Cork, 1827.

Tuompson (James). See Journal (Paris).

Tuomson (Robert), Records of General Science. 4 Vols. 8vo. Lond. 1835—36.

Tuor ey (John), MEAIZZHAOTIA, or the Female Monarchy, being an inquiry

into the Nature, Order and Government of Bees. Ina Vol. of

Tracts from Hope. 8vo. Lond. 1794,

Transactions of Learned Societies.

(AmsTERDAM), Verslag van de yijfde algemeene Vergadering der

Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging. Algem. Konst en

Letterb. Verslag van de Zesde. 8vo. Amsterdam, 1849—60,

(Boston, U. S.), Boston Journal of Natural History, containing

Papers and Communications read to the Boston Society of

Natural History. Vols. 1—6. 1834—1850. Parts 1—3 only of

Vol. 6. 8vo. Boston, 1837—1853.

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural Liistory. Taken from

the Society’s Records. Jan. 1841—Noy. 1857. Incomplete.

Svo. Boston.

(BruxE..eEs), Nouveaux Mémoires del’ Académie Royale des Sciences

et Belles- Lettres de Bruxelles. Tom. XJ.—XXXI. In Vol. XX.

the title Nouveaue Mém. is changed to simple Mémoires. 4to.

Bruxelles, 1838—659.

Mémoires couronnés par l Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-

Lettres de Bruxelles. Tom. XIV.—XXIX. 4to,- Bruxelles;

1841—1858.

xliv CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY

Transactions of Learned Societies.

(BRUXELLES), Bulletins de Académie Royale des Sciences et

Belles-Lettres de Belgique. Incomplete. 8vo. Bruxelles,

1836—1859.

Annales de la Société Entomologique Belge. Tom. premier. Syo

Bruxelles, 1857, 1860.

(CanreRBURY), Report of the Proceedings of the first Meeting of the

East Kent Natural History Society. 12mo. Canterbury, 1858 (?)

(DoncasTER), Report of the Committee of the Doncaster Agricultural

Association on the Turnip Fly and the means of its prevention.

8yo. Lond. 1834. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 2.

(Dupuin), The Journal of the Royal Dublin Society. Vol. 1. 1856

—1857. S8vo. Dublin, 1858.

(EpinpurGH), Proceedings of the Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club.

Vols. 1—3. S8yo. Edinburgh, 1834—1856.

Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh, 1854—

1858. Vol. I. S8vo. Edinburgh, 1858.

(GEnevA), Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d’ Histoire Naturelle

de Geneve. Tom. 1—XY. Tom. III. and IV. wanting. 4to.

Geneve, 1821—60.

(Hacue), Mémoires d’Entomologie publiés par la Société Entomo-

logique des Pays-Bas, sous la direction de MM. J. Van de

Hoeven, M. C. Verloren et S. C. Snellen Van Vollenhoven. Con-

tinued under the title of ‘‘ Tijdschrift voor Entomologie.’’ Tom. I.

8vo. La Haye, 1857. Deel2,3. S8vo. Leiden, 1858—1860.

(Hate), Jahresbericht des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hae.

Jahr. 1849, 1850. 8vo. Berlin, 1850, 1851.

(Leeps), The Annual Reports of the Council of the Leeds Philosophical

and Literary Society from 1836—1850. 8vo. Leeds, 1837—1850.

(Ligece), Mémoires de la Société Royale des Sciences de Li¢ge. Tom.

5,6. Svo. Liége, 1848—1850.

(Litte), Séance publique de la Société d’ Amateurs des Sciences et

Arts de Ja Ville de Lille. 4¢™e et 5€ Cahiers. (Années 1843 and

1844 wanting). 8vo. Lond. 1811—1819.

(Afterwards published under the title)

Recueil des Travaux de Ja Société d’Amateurs des Sciences

de Agriculture et des Arts de Lille. Années 1823—

1827. 8vo. Lille, 1819—1828.

(Again changed in the year 1829 to)

Mémoires de la Société Royale des Sciences d’ Agriculture et

des Arts de Lille. Années 1828—1848. 8vo. Lille,

1829—1849.

(Liverroot), Report of the Proceedings of the Literary and Philo-

sophical Society of Liverpool. Nos. I.—1V., VI.—XIV. No.

V. wanting. 8vo. Liverpool, 1845—1860.

(Lonpon), Transactions of the Entomological Society of London.

Vol. I. 8vo. Lond. 1812.

The Transactions of the Entomological Society of London. Vols.

I.—V. 8vo. Lond. 1836—1849.

New Series. Vols. 1.—V. 8vo. Lond. 1850—1861.

The Transactions of the Linnean Society. Parts I., II. Vol. XII.

Part IV. Vol. XVII. Vols. XVIII., XIX., XX., XXI. Parts L.,

II, ITL., IV. Vol. XXII. 4to. Lond. 1817—1856.

Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, 1838—1860.

The last is No. 18 of Vol. IV. 8vo. Lond. 1838—1860.

OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. xlv

Transactions of Learned Societies.

(Lonpon), Proceedings of the Royal Society. Wol. X. Nos. 34—

36, 388—42. S8vo. Lond. 1859—1861.

The Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England. Vols, 1

—19; 21, Part 1. Incomplete. 8vo. Lond. 1840—1860.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 1836—

1854. 4to. Lond. 1886—1854.

Transactions of the Zoological Society of London. Vol. LV. Part 6.

4to. London, 1859.

The Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1837—1860.

Imperfect and no Plates. 8vo, Lond.

(Lyon), Mémoires de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences, Belles-

Lettres et Arts de Lyon, Classe des Lettres, nouvelle Série.

Tom. 2and 4 only. 8vo. Lyon, 1853—1855, 1859.

Annales des Sciences physiques et Naturelles, d’Agriculture et

d’ Industrie, publiées par la Société royale d’ Agriculture, etc.,

de Lyon. Tom. I., 1V., VII., IX.—XI. 8vo. Lyon, 1838—

1848. Deuxiéme Série. Tom. VII., Parts I. and VIII. 8vo.

Lyon, 1849—1855. Troisiéme Série. Tom. I.—III. Imp. 8vo.

Lyon, 1857—1859.

In 1848 the Society changed its title to Soc. Nat. ; again changed

1852 to Soc. Imp.

Mémoires de ]’Académie des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts de

Lyon. Classe des Lettres. Tom. II. 8vo. Lyon, 1846.

Classe des Sciences. Tom. I.—II. Svo. Lyon, 1845—1847.

Nouvelle Série. Tom. II., V., VIII., IX. 8vo. Lyon, 1852

—1859.

The Society changed its name in 1848 to Acad. Nat., and again

1858 to Acad. Imp.

Annales de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon. Années 1845—1849.

8vo. Lyon, 1847—1850.

Annales de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon. Nouvelle Série. Tom.

1,2. 8vo. Lyon, 1853—1855.

(Maprip), Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias. Tercera

Serie: Sciencias Naturales). Tom. I.—IV. 4to. Madrid, 1850

—1857.

Resumen de las Actas de la Academia Real de Ciencias de Madrid.

Ano. 1847—1853, 4to. Madrid, 18485—1854.

(Mauritius), Report of the Special Committee appointed by the

Governor of the Colony for the purpose of examining the extent

of damage caused by the Cane Borer to the Plantations. 8vo.

Mauritius, 1856.

(Moscov), Nouveaux Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Natu-

ralistes de Moscou dediés a sa Majesté |’ Empereur Alexandre IT.

Tomes XI.-—XIII. 4to. Moscou, 1859, 1860.

Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou publié

par G. Fischer de Waldheim. Incomplete. 8vo. Moscou,

1836-—-1860.

(Municn), Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Classe

der Kceniglich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Band

I.—VIII. Band IV.impertect. 4to. Munchen, 1832—1860.

Bulletin der Konig]. Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1842—1896,

4to. Munchen, 1842—1856.

Sitzungsberichte der Konig]. Bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften

zu Munchen, 1860. Heft I.—III. 8vo. Munchen, 1860.

xlvi CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY

Transactions of Learned Societies.

(Naptss), Bulletino dell’ Accademia degli Aspiranti Naturalisti anno

primo quinto dalla sua fondazione. 8vo. Napoli, 1842.

(NEWcASTLE-UPON-TYNE), Transactions of the Tyneside Naturalists’

Field Club. Vol. 1., Pts. 1—3. 8vo. Newcastle-upon-Tyne and

London, 1848.

(New York), Annals of Lyceum of Natural History of New York.

Vols. 4, 5.. 8vo. New York. 1846—1850.

(New Orteans), Proceedings of the New Orleans Academy of Sci-

ences. No.1. Vol. 1. 8yo. New Orleans. 1854.

Constitution and Bye-Laws.

(S7are or Onto), Annual Reports of the Board of Agriculture of the

State of Ohio for the Years 1850 to 1855. 8vo. Columbus, 1851—6.

(Oxrorp AND Campripce), An Accentuated List of the British

Lepidoptera, with Hints on the Derivation of Names. 8vo.

Lond. 1858.

(Parts), Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 10 Tom.

8vo. Paris, 1832—1841. Deuxiéme Série. 10 Tom. 8vo.

Paris, 1843—1852. Troisiéme Série. Tom. I.—II. 8vo. Paris,

1853, 1854.

(PuinavetrHta), Celebration of the Hundredth Anniversary of the

American Philosophical Society, May 25th, 1843. Ent. Tracts.

Vol. 10.

Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

for 1856, 1857. 8vo. Philadel. 1857, 1858.

(RecensspurG), Abhandlungen des zoologisch-mineralogischen Ve-

reins in Regensburg. Heft I. 8vo. Regensburg, 1849.

(Srertin), Entomologische Zeitung. Jahrgang I.—XXII., Parts

1—3. S8vo. Stettin, 1840—1860.

Linnea Entomologica. Band 1—14. 8vo. Berlin, Posen und

Bromberg und Leipzig, 1846—1860.

Catalogus Coleopterorum Europe; herausgegeben von Entomo~

logischen Verein in Stettin. Vierte duflage. 8vo. Berlin, 1852.

(TasMANIA), Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Van

Diemen’s Land, continued under the title of “ Papers and Pro-

ceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania.’ Vol. II. Parts II.

and III. Vol. 111. Parts I., I]. 8vo. Tasmania, 1853—1869.

(Vienna), Verhandlungen des zoologisch-botanischen Vereins in

Wien. Band I.—VII. 8vo. Wien, 1852, 1855, 1857.

Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen zoologisch-botanischen

Gesellschaft in Wien. Jahrgang 1858. Als Folge der Ver-

handlungen des zool.-bot. Vereines. Band VIII., 1X. 8yvo,

Wien, 1858.

Bericht uber die Oesterreichische-Literatur der Zoologie, Botanik

und Palaeontologie aus den Jahren 1850, 51, 52, 53. Heraus-

gegeben von dem zoologisch-botanischen Vereine in Wien.

Svo. Wien, 1855.

(Stare or Wisconsin), Transactions of the Wisconsin State Agri-

cultural Society, 1851—1853. 8vo. Madison, 1852—1854.

(Zuricy), Mittheilungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in

Zurich. Heft I. 8vo. Zurich, 1847.

TREMBLEY (——), The Art of Hatching and Bringing-up Domestic Fowls by

meansof Artificial Heat. Translated from the French of Rediumur.

8vo. Lond. 1750.

Tux (Alfred), Upon the Anatomy of Phalangium Opilio (Zaér.). From Ann.

and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1843. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 1.

OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, xlvii

Turnip Fly. See Transactions (DoNcAsTER),

Turton (William). See LINNE (Charles).

VaNnDER- LINDEN (P. L.), Monographie Libellulinarum Europearum Specimen.

8vo. Bruxellis, 1825. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 7.

VERLOREN (C.). See Transactions of Learned Societies (HAGUE), Société

Ent. des Pays-bas.

VERLOREN (H.), Mémoire en réponse a la Question suivante: éclaircir par des

observations nouvelles le phénoméne de la circulation dans les

Insectes, en recherchant si on peut la reconnaitre dans les Jarves

des différents ordres de ces animaux. From Mém. Cour. Acad.

Roy. de Belgique, 1844. Ent. Tracts. 4to.

Catalogus Systematicus ad Cramerum. S8yo, Trajecti ad Rhenum.

1837.

Victor (1'.), Description de quelques Coléopteres, recueillis dans un Voyage au

Caucase (avec une Planche). Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Nat. de

Moscou. Tom. 4. 1835.

Vitta (Antonio), Degli Insetti Carnivori: adoperati a distruggere le Specie

dannose all’ Agricoltura. Estratta dallo Spettatore, Vol. 3. 8vo.

Milano, 1845. nt. Tracts. Vol. 2.

Osservazioni Entomologiche durante I’Eclisse del 9 Ottobre, 1847.

From Accad. Fis.-Med.-Stat. di Milano, 1848. Ent. Tracts.

Vol. 3.

Comparsa periodica delle Efimere nella Brianza. Ent.Tracts. Vol. 7.

8vo. Milano, 1847.

Coleoptera Europe dupleta in Collectione Villa que pro mutua com-

mutatione offerri possunt. 8vo. Milano, 1833-38.

Sulla Monografia del Bombice del Gilso del Dottor Emilio Cornalia-

8vo. Milano, 1857.

Osservazioni Zoologiche esequite durante 1’ Ecclisse parziale di Sole

del 18 Luglio, 1860. Estratto dagli Atti della Soc. Ital. di Sci.

Nat. 8vo. Milano, 1860.

Sui Curculioniti dell’ Agro Pavese enumerati dal Dottor Prada. Re-

lazione letta nella sedata 18 Decembre, i859, della Societa Geo-

logica in Milano. 8yo. Milano, 1860.

Straordinaria Apparizione di Insetti Carnivori. 8vo. Milano, 1860.

Viuuers (Carolus de). See Linne (C.).

Entomologia Faune Suecice.

Voert (J. E.), Catalogus Systematicus Coleopterorum. 2 Tom. 4to. La Haye,

1818.

Vocet (Christian Friedrich), Chronologischer Raupenkalender, oder Naturge-

schichte der Europaischen Raupen wie dieselben der Zeit nach

in gewissen Monaten in der Natur zum Vorscheinkommen. 8vo.

Berlin, 1837.

VOLLENHOEVEN. See SNELLEN-VAN VYOLLENHOEVEN.

W. (J.), Apiarium, or a Discourse of the Government and Ordering of Bees,

with their Nature and Properties, tending to the best way of im-

proving them, and to the Discovery of the Fallacies that are

imposed by some, for private Lucre, on the credulous Lovers and

Admirers of these Insects. Written by J. W., Gent. 2nd edit.

London. 8vo. 1678.

Wauperc (J. A.). See Boneman (C. H.), Insecta Caffrarie.

WALCKENAER (C. A.), Faune Parisienne, Insectes.: Ou Histoire abrégée des

Insectes des environs de Paris. 2'Tomes. 8vo. Paris, 1802.

xlvili CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY

WatcKkeNagEr (Le Baron), Recherches sur les Insectes nuisibles 4 Ja Vigne

connus des anciens et des modernes, et sur les moyens de s'opposer

d leurs ravages. Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, 1830. 8vo. Paris,

1835. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 12.

Histoire Naturelle des Insectes. Aptéres. Tom. I.—IV. Suites a

Buffon, Hist. Nat. Ins. S8vo. Paris, 1887—1847.

Mémoire sur une nouvelle Classification des Aranéides, par M.Je Baron

de Walckenaer. From the Annales de Ja Société Entomologique

de France, séance du 3 Juillet, 1833.

Watckenagr (C. A.), Mémoires pour servir a l’ Histoire naturelle des Abeilles

Solitaires qui composent le Genre Halicte. 8vo. Paris, 1817.

WatpuHEI™ (G. Fischer de). See Transactions (Moscov).

See FiscHer.

Waker (Francis). See Saunpers (William Wilson).

See Insecta Britannica.

Description of Chalcidites. Trans. Linn, Soc. XX.

See Museum (Britisu), List of Specimens of Homopterous Insects

in the Collection of the British Museum. Supplement.

See Museum (Britis), List of Specimens of Neuropterous Insects.

Part IV. Odonata.

See Museum (Bririsn), List of Specimens of Dipterous Insects.

Parts V.—VI. Suppl. I. and IT.

See Museum (Bririsu), List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous

Insects in the Collection of the B, M. Parts I1.—XX. Lepi-

doptera Heterocera.

Monographia Chalciditum. Svo. Lond. 1839.

Warver (Joseph), ‘The True Amazon, or the Monarchy of Bees, being a new

Discovery and Improvement of those Wonderful Creatures. The

sixth edition. 8vo. Lond. 1726.

WaTERHOUSE (George), Catalogue of British Coleoptera. Svo. Lond. 1858

—1861.

Wesmacrt (C.), Monographie des Odyneres de la Belgique. 8vo. Bruxelles,

18338.

Monographie des Braconides de Belgique. Braconides Endodontes.

léere et 2€me Groupe. Mém. Acad. Roy. Brux. Tom. IX. 1835.

Ditto, published separately.

Monographie des Braconides de Belgique. Suite Braconides En-

dodontes. Troisiéme Groupe. Aréolaires, Mém. Acad. Brux-

elles. Tom. X. 4to. Bruxelles, 1836.

Monographie des Braconides de Belgique. Braconides Endodontes.

Quatrieme Groupe. Cyclostomes. Nouv. Mém. Acad. Roy.

Sci. de Bruxelles. Tom. XI. 1838.

Tentamen dispositionis methedice Ichneumon. Belgii. Nouy. Mém.

Acad. Roy. Sci. de Bruxelles. Tom. XVIII.

Westwoop (J. O.).

See Drury (Dru). Illustrations of Exotic Entomology.

See Humpureys (H.N.). ,

Description du Desmia Maculalis. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1831, Ent.

Tracts. Vol. 9. A

Description de l’Encephalus complicans. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1883.

Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3.

OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. xlix

Westwoop (J. O.), Further Notice of the British Parasitic Hymenopterous

Insects: together with the ‘Transactions of a Fly with a long

Tail,’ observed by Mr. E. W. Lewis; and additional Observa-

tions. Mag. Nat. Hist. Vol. VI. 1833. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 8.

Descriptions of several new British Forms amongst the Parasitic

Hymenopterous Insects. Lond. and Edinb. Phil. Mag. Vol. IT.

p. 445, No. 33. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 8.

Notice of the Habits of a Cynipideous Insect, parasitic upon the Rose

Louse (Aphis Rose); with Descriptions of several other Parasitic

Hymenoptera. Mag. Nat. Hist. Vol. VI.1833. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 8.

Descriptions of several new British Forms amongst the Parasitic

Hymenopterous Insects. The Lond. and Edinb. Phil. Mag. and

Journ. 1833. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 8.

Notice of the Ravages of Insects upon Barley and Turnips; by J.

Farmer, Esq.: with Observations thereon, and Descriptions and

Figures of the Insects. Mag. Nat. Hist. Vol. VIII. 1833. Ent.

Tracts. Vol. 12.

Description du Genre Leucothyreus de Mac Leay et de ses Affinités.

Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1833. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3.

On the connecting Links between the Geocorisze and Hydrocorise of

Latreille, or the Land and Water Bug Tribes. Mag. Nat. Hist.

Vol. VI. 1833. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 6.

On the most advisable Methods for discovering Remedies against the

Ravages of Insects ; and a notice of the Habits of the Onion Fly.

Mag. Nat. Hist. Vol. VII. 1834. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 12.

Description du Genre Trochalonota. Guérin, Mag. Zool. 1834, Ent.

Tracts. Vol. 3.

On Nycteribia, a Genus of Wingless Insects. Trans. Zool. Soc. 1834.

(Ent. Tracts. 4to.) 4to. Lond. 1834.

Insectornm novorum exoticorum (ex ordine Dipterorum) Descriptiones.

Lond. and Edinb. Phil. Mag. and Journ. 1835. Ent. Tracts.

Vol. 6.

Address on the recent Progress and present State of Entomology. 8vo.

London, 1835. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 10.

On the supposed Existence of Metamorphoses in the Crustacea. Phil.

Trans. 1835. Ent. Tracts. 4to.

On the Modern Nomenclature of Natural History. Mag. Nat. His.

Vol. [X. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 10.

An Introduction to the Modern Classification of Insects; founded on

the natural Habits and corresponding Organization of the dif-

ferent Families. 2 Vols. 8vyo. London, 1839—40.

Descriptio Generum nonnullorum novorum e Familia Lucanidarum,

cum Tabula synoptica Familiz notulis illustrata. Ann. Sci.

Nat. 2e Série. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5.

‘Notice of a Congregation of Moths found in the Interior of a Tree of

the False Acacia. (Robinia Pseud-Acacia, Z.) Mag. Nat. Hist.

Vol. IX. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 9.

Descriptions of several New Species of Insects belonging to the Family

of the Sacred Beetles. Trans. Zool. Soc. 1837. Ent. Tracts, 4to.

Descriptions of some New Species of Diopsis. Trans. Linn. Soc.

XVII.

On the Genus Cerapterus of Swederus. 8vo. London. Ent. Tracts.

Vol. 5.

Synopsis of the Coleopterous Genus Cerapterus. Trans. Linn. Soc.

NV:

VOL. Ve— S86. d

j CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY

Westwoop (J. 0.), On the Family Fulgoride, with a Monograph of the Genus

Fulgora of Linneus. Trans. Linn. Soc. XVIII.

Illustrations of the Relationships existing among Natural Objects

usually termed Affinity and Analogy, selected from the Class of

Insects. Trans. Linn. Soc. XVIII.

Observations on the Genus Derbe of Fabricius. Trans. Linn. Soc.

XIX.

Descriptions of several New Homopterous Insects belonging to various

Subgenera of Derbe of Fabricius. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIX.

Synopsis of the Coleopterous Family Pausside ; with descriptions of

a new Genus and some new Species. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIX.

Descriptions of some new Species of Athyreus, a Genus of Lamelli-

corn Beetles. Trans. Linn. Soc. XX.

On the Australian Species of the Coleopterous Genus Bolboceras, Kirby.

Trans. Linn. Soc. XXI. Art. II]. and IV.

Monograph of the large African Species of Nocturnal Lepidoptera

belonging or allied to the Genus Saturnia. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1849.

Ent. Tracts, Vol. 9.

Characters of Embla, a Genus of Insects allied to the White Ants

(Termites) ; with Descriptions of the Species of which it is com-

posed. Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. Ent. Tracts, 4to.

Contributions to Fossil Entomology. Proc. Geol. Soc. 1854. Ent.

Tracts, Vol. 3. ’

WHELPLEY (James). See Dana (J. D.)

Wuite (Adam). See Museum (Britis#).

Nomenclature of Neuroptera.

Notes on some Insects from King George’s Sound. App. to Grey’s

Narr. of a Voyage to King George’s Sound. Vol. 2. 1841.

Misc. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3.

On some new Insects from the Congo. Ann. Mag. Zool. and Bot.

1843. S8vo. Lond. 1843. Misc. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3.

Description of Erycina Margaretta. Zoologist, 1843. Ent. Tracts.

Vol. 3.

Note on a Paper in Annals and Mag. of Nat. History, Vol. VIL, ona

South American Wasp “which collects Honey.’ From Ann.

and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1843. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3.

Description of a South American Wasp which collects Honey. Ann.

and Mag. of Nat. Hist. Vol.7. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 8.

Descriptions of some new Species of Coleoptera and Homoptera from

China. 8vo. Lond. 1848. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3.

Entomological Notices. 8vo. Lond. 1844, Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3.

Descriptions of apparently new Species and Varieties of Insects and

other Annulosa, principally from the Collection in the British

Museum. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1843? Ent. Tracts. Vol.3.

Remarks on the Synonyms of a Homopterous Insect described in the

last number of the ‘ Annals.’ 8vo. Lond. 1845.

Description of an apparently new Species of Longicorn Beetle from

Mexico, in the Collection of the British Museum. Ann. and Mag.

Nat. Hist. 1845. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 5.

On some new Insects from China. Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist.

Misc. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 3.

OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. li

WuirTE (Stephen), Collateral Bee Boxes; or a new, easy and advantageous

Method of managing Bees. Ina Vol. of Tracts. 8vo. Lond. 1756.

WiEepEMANN (Christ. Rud. Wilh.), Aussereuropaische zweiflugelige Insekten.

Theil 1 und 2. 8vo. Hamm, 1828—1830.

WILDMAN (Daniel), A Complete Guide for the Management of Bees throughout

the Year. Ina Vol. of Tracts. 8vo. Lond. 1819.

A Cornplete Guide for the Management of Bees throughout the Year.

In a Vol. of Tracts from Hope. 8vo. Lond. 1775.

Wickes (Benjamin), One hundred and twenty Copper-plates of English Moths

and Butterflies, etc. 4to. Lond. 17—.

Wirxinson (S. J.), The British Tortrices. 8vo. London, 1859.

Wxson (James) and Duncan (James), Entomologia Edinensis, or a Description

and History of the Insects found in the Neighbourhood of Edin-

burgh.—Coleoptera. Svo. Edinburgh, 1834.

Wouter (J. F.), Icones Cimicum, descriptionibus illustrate. Fase. 1—V. 4to.

Erlange, 1800—1811.

Another copy.

Icones Cimicum, descriptionibus illustrate, Fasc. I and II. 4to.

Erlange, 1800.

Wo.taston (T. Vernon), On the Variation of Species, with especial reference

to the Insecta; followed by an Inquiry into the Nature of

Genera. 8vo. Lond. 1856.

Insecta Maderensia; being an Account of the Insects of the Islands

of the Madeiran Group. 4to. Lond. 1854.

See Museum (Britisu), Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of

Madeira in the Collection of the British Museum.

Woop (W.), Index Entomologicus; or a complete Illustrated Catalogue, con-

sisting of 1,944 figures, of the Lepidopterous Insects of Great

Britain. 8vo. Lond. 1839. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 9.

Another copy.

And Nos. 1—3 of another copy.

WortincGE (J.), Vinetum Britannicum: or a Treatise of Cider, and other

Wines and Drinks, &c., &c.; to which is added, a Discourse

teaching the best way of improving Bees. 8vo. Lond. 1678.

ZELLER (P.C.). See Lienie (F.)

See STAINTON (H. T.).

Die Knotenhornigen Phyciden nach ihren Arten beschrieben von

P.C. Z. Oken’s Isis, 1846. Ent. Tracts. 4to.

Die Gallerien und nackthornigen Phycideen. Oken’s Isis, 1848. Ent.

Tracts. 4to.

Exotische Phyciden. Oken’s Isis, 1849. Ent. Tracts. 4to.

Lepidoptera Microptera, que J. A. Wahlberg in Caffrorum terra col-

legit, descripsit P. C. Zeller. S8vo. Stockholm, 1852.

Bemerkungen zu einigen Schlesien neuen Falterspecies. Ent, Tracts.

Svo.

hii CATALOGUE OF BOOKS IN THE LIBRARY.

ZETTERSTEDT (Joh. Wilh.), Orthoptera Svecie. 8vo. Lunde, 1821.

Fauna Lapponica. Pars I. S8vo. Hammone, 1828.

Insecta Lapponica. 4to. Lipsia, 1840.

Diptera Scandinavie disposita et descripta. 11 Tom. 8vo. Lunde,

1842—1852.

ZIMMERMANN, Monographie der Carabiden. Erstes Stuck. Ent. Tracts.

Vol. 3. Svo. Berlin, 1831.

ZouskorF (B.), Description de quelques Coléoptéres nouveaux. .Bull. Soc.

Imp. Nat. de Moscou, 1837. Ent. Tracts. Vol. 4.

BY-LAWS

HNTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON,

ALTERED AND ADOPTED AT A SPECIAL MEETING

HELD ON THE dru NOVEMBER, 1855.

Cuap. I. Object.

"THE EnToMoLociIcaL Society oF Lonpown is instituted for the

improvement and diffusion of Entomological Science.

Cuap. II. Constitution.

The Society consists of British and Foreign Ordinary Members

and Subscribers, the number of whom shall be unlimited; of

Foreign Honorary Members, whose number shall not exceed ten;

and of Foreign Corresponding Members, the number of whom shall

be unlimited.

Cuap. III. Management.

The affairs of the Society shall be conducted by a Council, con-

sisting of thirteen Members, to be chosen annually (five of whom

shall form a quorum), four of whom shall not be re-eligible for the

following year.

Cuap. 1V. Officers.

The Officers of the Society shall consist of a President; three

Vice-Presidents ; a Treasurer; two Secretaries; aud a Curator.

Cuap. V. Annual Election of Officers.

1. The President, Treasurer and Secretaries shall be elected

annually out of the Council. The Vice-Presidents shall be nomi-

nated by the President, at the Meeting next after the Anniversary

Dy BY-LAWS.

Meeting, from the Council. The President and two of the Vice-

Presidents shall not, however, remain in office more than two

years successively. The Curator shall be appointed by the

Council.

2. In the event of any vacancy occurring in the Council or

Officers of the Society, at the next Meeting of Council after such

vacancy has been made known, the Council shall recommend to the

Society the name of some Member to be elected to the. vacant

situation; and the next Ordinary Meeting of the Society shall be

made a Special General Meeting and the Members summoned

accordingly, and the Election shall take place as provided for at

the Anniversary Meeting, Chap. XX.

Cuap. VI. President.

The duty of the President shall be to preside at the Meetings of

the Society and Council, and regulate all the discussions therein,

and to execute, or see to the execution of, the By-Laws and orders

of the Society.

Cuap. VII. Vice-Presidents.

1. In case of the absence of the President, it shall be the duty of a

Vice-President to fill his place, or, in the absence of all the Vice-

Presidents, a Member of the Council shall preside.

2. If no Member of the Council shall be present at any Ordinary

Meeting, the Members present shall nominate and appoint by a

majority to be Chairman, such Member as they shall deem fit.

3. The Chairman so appointed shall for the time being have all

the authority, privilege and power of President.

Cuap. VIII. Treasurer.

1. It shall be the duty of the Treasurer to peceive for the use of

the Society all sums of money payable to the Society, and to dis-

burse all sums payable by the Society out of the funds in his

hands.

2. No payment exceeding £5, excepting for rent or taxes, shall

be made by the Treasurer without the consent of the Council.

3. The: Treasurer shall keep a book of Cheque Receipts for

admission fees and annual payments ; each Receipt shall be signed

by himself, the date of payment and name of Member or Subscriber

paying being written both on the receipt and on the part of the

cheque which is left in the book.

BY-LAWS. 3

4. The Treasurer shall demand all arrears of annual payment,

after such payment shall have been due three months.

_ 5. The Treasurer shall, moreover, furnish the Auditors with a

detailed account of all receipts and disbursements up to the 31st

December, previous to each Anniversary. The accounts of the

Treasurer shall be audited annually previously to the Anniversary

Meeting by a Committee of three Members of Council, and three

Members of the Society, to be appointed by the President at the

Ordinary first Meeting in January, of which Committee three shall

be a quorum.

Cuap. IX. Secretaries.

1. It shall be the duty of the Secretaries to keep a list of all the

Members, Subscribers, and Associates of the Society, together with

their addresses; to produce to the Council all correspondence in

any way connected with the Society at the next Meeting after such

correspondence shall have been received, or taken place; to edit the

Transactions and Proceedings under the direction of the Council,

and to take care that the Proceedings are published and ready for

delivery to the Members and Subscribers at a Meeting of the

Society within six months after the entry of such Proceedings in

the Minute Book has been confirmed.

2. Minutes of the Proceedings of Monthly and Council Meetings

shall be taken by one of the Secretaries; or, in their absence, by

any Member whom the Chairman may appoint for the occasion.

3. The Minutes shall be fairly copied by one of the Secretaries

into a Minute Book, and at the next Meeting read aloud for con-

firmation.

CHAP. X. Curator.

It shall be the duty of the Curator to take care of the Library

and Cabinets of the Society; * to arrange and class the insects,

&c.; to keep a Catalogue of the Library; and to call in all books

borrowed, as directed in Sect. 5, Chap. XI.

Cuap. XI. Library and Cabinet Regulations.

1. A Catalogue of the Library and MSS. shall be kept by the

Curator, with the names of the Donors.

* The Curator is in attendance at the Rooms of the Society every Monday

between the hours of Two and Seven o’clock, P.M., for the purpose of showing

the Collections, &c. to Members and Subscribers.

4 BY-LAWS.

2, The Library and Cabinets shall be under the superintendence

of a Committee, consisting of the President and four Members,

who shall be elected by the Council at the first Meeting in February

in every year (three of whom shall be a quorum), and who shall

render an Annual Report to the Council at the first Meeting in the

following January.

3. No Member or Subscriber shall, without special permission

of the Council, be allowed to borrow or have in his possession from

the Library more than four volumes at one time, or to retain the

same longer than one month, without leave of the Curator.

4. If the books are torn, injured, lost, or not forthcoming when

demanded by the Curator, full compensation shall be made for the

same by the borrower.

5. The Curator shall call in all books borrowed from the Library

on the 5th day of January and 5th of July in every year; and in

case the same be not returned on or before the General Meeting

of the Society in the following month, notice thereof shall be given

by him to the Council, who shall then direct a second notice to be

sent to the Member or Subscriber retaining such books, and in

case the same be not returned within the further space of four

weeks from the date of such second notice so sent, such Member

or Subscriber shall in future be disqualified from borrowing books

from the Library without the special permission of the Council.

6. All Members of and Subscribers to the Society shall have

free access to the Library and Cabinets, at the time specified in

the By-Laws, for the purpose of examination and description,

and shall be allowed, with the permission of the Council, to borrow

specimens from the collections for such purposes ; excepting that

if a Member, Subscriber or Stranger present specimens of new

insects to the Society with manuscript names attached, specifying

his intention of publishing the same, then no individual, whether

Member, Subscriber or Stranger, shall during the space of twelve

months publish any description or figure of such specimen.

7. No Stranger shall be allowed to see the Library or Cabinets

unless introduced by a Member or Subscriber; but a note addressed

to the Curator or Secretary shall be deemed a sufficient intro-

duction.

8. No Stranger shall be permitted to take away or to describe

any insect, or to make a drawing of the same, except by special

permission of the Council previously obtained.

BY-LAWS.

Cuap. XII. Election and Admission of Members and

Subscribers.

1. Every Candidate for admission into the Society shall be pro-

posed by three or more Members, who must sign a Certificate in

recommendation of him.

2. The Certificate shall specify the name, and usual place of resi-

ence of the Candidate.

3. The Certificate for a Member, having been read at one of the

Ordinary Meetings, shall be suspended in the room, read again at

the following Ordinary Meeting, and the person therein recom-

mended shall be balloted for at the next Ordinary Meeting.

4, The Certificate for a Subscriber, having been read at one of

the Ordinary Meetings, shall be suspended in the Room, and the

person therein recommended shall be balloted for at the next Ordi-

nary Meeting after such reading.

5. The method of voting for the election of Members and Sub-

scribers shall be by Ballot, and two-thirds of the Members balloting

shall elect.

6. The Elections of Ordinary Members shall be void unless the

admission fee shall be paid within twelve months after the date of

their Election ; the Council shall, however, possess a discretionary

power to extend the time of payment.

7. Members and Subscribers shall sign the Obligation Book of

the Society at the first Ordinary Meeting of the Society at which

they are present, and shall then be admitted by the President.

Cuap. XIII. Admission Fee and Annual Contribution.

1. The Admission Fee for Members shall be £2: 2s, the Annual

Contribution £1: 1s.

2. The Annual Contribution for Subscribers is £1: 1s., without

Admission Fee.

3. The composition in lieu of the Annual Contribution is

£15: 15s.; the composition for Members: and Subscribers elected

previous to the Ist January, 1852, is £10 : 10s.

4, The Annual Contribution shall become due on the first day of

January in every year in advance; but any Member or Subscriber

elected after the 30th of September will not be called upon for his

subscription for the remaining portion of that year.

6 BY-LAWS.

Cuar. XIV. Withdrawing and Removal of Members and

: Subscribers.

1. Every Member or Subscriber, having paid all fees due to the

Society, shall be at liberty to withdraw therefrom upon giving notice

in writing to the Secretary.

2. Whenever written notice of a motion shall be delivered to the

Secretary for removing any Member, or Subscriber, signed by the

Chairman for the time being on the part of the Council or by five

or more Members, such notice shall be read from the chair at the

two Ordinary General Meetings immediately following the delivery

thereof, and the next following Ordinary Meeting shall be made a

Special General Meeting and the Members summoned accordingly,

when such motion shall be taken into consideration and decided by

ballot; whereat if a majority of the Members balloting shall vote

that such Member or Subscriber be removed, he shall be removed

from the Society.

3. Whenever any Ordinary Member of the Society shall be in

arrear for three years in the payment of his Annual Contribution,

notice thereof in writing shall be given or sent to him by the Trea-

surer, together with a copy of this section; and in case the same

shall still remain unpaid, the Treasurer shall give notice thereof to

the Council, who shall cause the name of such Member, together

with a statement of the sum due by him for arrears, to be read at

the three following Ordinary Meetings of the Society, after the last

of which a second similar notice shall be sent to him, and at the

fourth Ordinary Meeting such Member of the Society shall be re-

moved, and the President shall erase his name from the List of

Members.

4. Whenever the Annual Contribution of a Subscriber shall be

in arrear one year, such Subscriber shall have his name erased from

the List of Subscribers and cease to belong to the Society.

Cuar. XV. Privileges of Members and Subscribers.

1. The Members have the right to be present, to state their

opinion and to vote at all Meetings; to propose Candidates for

admission into the Society ; to introduce Visitors at general Meet-

ings of the Society; and to introduce scientific Strangers to the

Library and Museum: to purchase the Transactions of the Society

at reduced prices, and to have personal access to the Library and

Museum,

BY-LAWS. i

2. No Member to introduce more than one Visitor.

8. Ordinary Members of the Society resident more than fifteen

miles from London shall be entitled to receive the Transactions

gratuitously when their Annual Contribution has been paid.

4, All the Honorary and Ordinary Members are eligible to any

office in the Society, the latter provided they are not more than

one year in arrear in the payment of the Annual Subscription.

5. No Member shall be entitled to vote on any occasion until he

shall have paid his subscription for the year last past.

6. Subscribers enjoy all the privileges of Members excepting

those of voting at the Meetings, holding office in the Society, and

proposing Candidates.

7. Subscribers have no claim upon or interest in the property of

the Society.

Cuap. XVI. Foreign Members.

1. Every Foreigner who has distinguished himself as an Ento-

mologist, or who has shown himself able and willing to promote the

ends for which the Society is founded, may be elected a Foreign

Member ; his Annual Contribution shall be £1: 1s., and he shall be

entitled to the same privileges as other Members.

2. Foreign Members shall not be required to sign the Obligation’

Book until present at an Ordinary Meeting of the Society, and

when so present shall be admitted as other Members.

3. Foreign Members shall be exempt from the payment of any

Admission Fee.

4. Foreigners and Residents abroad may be elected as Cor-

responding Members, who shall not be subject to the payment of

any Annual Contribution, and who shall be entitled to a copy of

the Journal of Proceedings of the Society, but not to the Transac-

tions; which, however, may be purchased by them at the reduced

price paid by the Ordinary Resident Members. The Privileges of

Corresponding Members shall however cease in case they shall at

any future time be residents in the United Kingdom for the space

of twelve months, unless sanctioned, in the case of any particular

Member, by a special vote of the Council.

Cuap. XVII. Honorary Members.

1. Every person proposed as an Honorary Member shall be re-

commended by the Council, and be balloted for, and elected, and

be liable to be removed in the like form and manner, and be sub-

ject to the same rules and restrictions, as an Ordinary Member.

8 BY-LAWS.

2. Honorary Members shall be exempted from the payment of

Fees and Contributions; and shall possess all the privileges of

Ordinary Members.

3. No resident in Great Britain can be an Honorary Member,

except William Spence, Esq., F.R.S.

Cuar. XVIII. Meetings of the Society.

1. The Ordinary General Meetings of the Society shall be held

on the first Monday in each month in the year, beginning at eight

o'clock precisely in the evening, or at such other time as the Council

shall direct.

2. At the Ordinary Meetings the order of business shall be as

follows.

1. The names of the Visitors allowed to be present at the

Meeting shall be read aloud by the Chairman.

2. The Minutes of the last Meeting shall be read aloud by

one of the Secretaries, and proposed for confirmation by

the Meeting, and signed by the Chairman.

3. The Presents made to the Society since their last Meeting

shall be announced and exhibited.

4, Certificates in favour of Candidates for admission into the

~ Society shall be read or submitted to ballot.

5. Members and subscribers shall sign their names in the

Obligation Book, and be admitted.

6. Exhibitions of specimens, &c. shall be made.

7. Entomological communications shall be announced and read

either by the Author or one of the Secretaries. When the

other business has been completed, the persons present

shall be invited by the Chairman to make their observa-

tions on the communications which have been read, and

on the specimens or drawings which have been exhibited

at the Meeting.

3. The President shall have a discretionary power as to the

Papers to be read at the Meetings of the Society ; and the Secre-

taries, assisted by the President and any Member or Members of

the Council, shall determine as to the priority in which such papers

shall be read, and propriety of omitting any portion of the same.

4, All Memoirs which shall be read at any General Meeting of

the Society shali become the property of the Society, unless other-

wise stipulated for previous to the reading thereof.

BY-LAWS. 9

5. No Motion relating to the government of the Society, its

By-Laws, the management of its concerns, or the election, appoint-

ment or removal of its Officers, shall be made at any Ordinary

Meeting.

Cuap. XIX. Special General Meeting.

Upon the requisition of any six or more Members, presented to

the President and Council, a Special General Meeting of the Society

shall be convened, and any proposition to be submitted to such

Meeting shall be stated at length in the Notice to Members.

Cuap, XX. Annual General Meeting.

1. The Annual General Meeting of the Society shall be held in

the Meeting-room on the fourth Monday in January of every year.

2. The objects of the Meeting shall be to choose the Council and

Officers for the then ensuing year; and to receive from the Council,

and hear read, their Annual Report on the general concerns of the

Society.

3. The Council for the time being shall annually cause to be

prepared two written Lists, one of which (No. 1 in the Schedule

hereto) shall contain the names of four Members, whom they shall

recommend to be removed from, and of four other Members to be

elected into the Council; and the other List (No. 2) shall contain

the names of such Members as they shall recommend to fill the

offices of President, Treasurer and Secretaries, for the year ensu-

ing; which Lists shall be read at the Monthly Meeting in January,

and shall then be fixed up in the Meeting-room until the day of

election. And copies of such Lists shall be transmitted to every

Member whose known residence shall be in London, or within

twenty miles thereof, at least seven days before the Annual General

Meeting shall take place.

4. The Secretaries, assisted by the Treasurer, shall prepare a

List of the Members entitled te vote, and each Member voting shall

give his name to the Scrutineers to be marked on the said List.

5. On the day of voting, each Member present shall put his

balloting Lists into the respective Glasses to be provided for such

occasion ; before doing which, however, in case he shall have added

any name or names to the Lists proposed by the Council, he shall

strike out the name or names of those persons recommended for

whom he does not vote. And if more narnes shall be suffered to

10 BY-LAWS.

remain in any List than the number of persons to be elected or

removed, such List shall be rejected. And in case the names

suffered to remain shall be less than the number of vacancies to be

supplied, those names only which shall remain in the List shall

stand as voted for.

6. The President shall appoint two or more Scrutineers from

the Members present, not being Members of the Council, to super-

intend the Ballots and report the results to the Meeting.

7. The Ballot for the Council shall remain open for one quarter

of an hour, at the least; and the Ballot for the Officers for one

quarter of an hour, at the least, after the result of the Ballot for

the Council shall have been declared.

§. If from any cause an election shal] not take place of persons

to fill the Council, or any of the offices aforesaid, then the election

of the Council and Officers, or the election of Officers, as the case

may be, shall be adjourned until the next convenient day, of which

notice shall be given, in like manner as is directed for the Annual

General Meeting.

9. No Ballot, either for the election of Members or any other

business, shall be taken unless nine Members are present.

Cuarp. XXI. Transactions.

1. The Transactions shall consist of Papers communicated to the

Meetings of the Society.

2. The Transactions shall be published quarterly, and at such

prices as the Council shall direct for each Part or Volume; but

the price for one copy of each Part or Volume, to each Member or

Subscriber who shall have paid bis Annual Contribution for the

year in which such Part or Volume shall be published, shall not

exceed three-fourths of the price charged to the public.

3. Foreign Members of the Society who shall have paid the

Annual Subscription for the year, and Ordinary English Members

and Subscribers resident more than: fifteen miles from London,

shall be entitled to receive the Transactions of the Society pub-

lished during the year without any further payment.

4, The superintendence of the Publications shall be by a Com-

mittee, which shall consist of thirteen Members to be appointed by

the Council, including the President, Vice-Presidents, Treasurer,

and Secretaries.

BY-LAWS. 11

5. The Committee of Publication shall consider every Paper

which shall have been communicated to a General Meeting of the

Society, and shall report to the Council thereon; but no Paper

shall be reported on at any Meeting of the Committee unless there

shall be three or more Members present: and such Committee

shall be convened by the Secretary every third month or oftener,

when all papers read since the last Meeting of Committee shall be

produced and referred.

6. Authors of Memoirs to be published in the Transactions shall

be allowed 25 copies of their communications with uncoloured

plates, gratis. If any additional number be required, the entire

expense thereof-and the colouring of all plates to be paid for by

the Authors.

7. A Journal of Proceedings of the Society shall also be pub-

lished quarterly or half-yearly, containing Abstracts of the Papers

read and Notices of other Matters communicated at the Ordinary

Meetings of the Society, which Journal, together with the Transac-

tions, shall be edited by the Secretaries, or one of them, and shall

be bound up and sold with the Transactions.

Cuap. XXII. Alteration of the By-Laws.

Any of the By-Laws of the Society may at any time be repealed,

or altered and amended, or others adopted in lieu thereof, at any

Meeting of the Society, to be specially summoned in pursuance of

Notice to be given to the President and Council, to be signed by

six Members at least, such Notice to specify the intended repeal or

alteration, and to be read at three General Meetings of the Society

previous to such Special Meeting.

12 BY-LAWS.

THE SCHEDULES REFERRED TO IN CHAPTER XX.

OF THE PRECEDING BY-LAWS.

No. l.

Form of the List for the Council.

List of Four Members of the present Council recommended by the

present Council to be removed at the Election on the day

of January, 18 —

A. B. |

Cau. |

E. F,

G: Hi.

List of Four Members recommended to be elected into the Council.

LK:

LM:

NO.

P..Q.

Not'?2;

Form of the List for the Officers.

List of Persons recommended by the present Council to be ap-

pointed to the offices of President, Treasurer, and Secretaries of

the Society, at the Election on the day of January, 18 .*

Presidentieneeacer cn Re Se

reasunene ccielemics cick Su Glee

Secretaries...... a ; ie ne

* If any of the Names in these Lists be objected to, they must be struck out

previons to the Ballot, and other Names substituted in the blank spaces left for

that purpose.

London: printed by C. Roworth & Sons, Bell Yard, Temple Bar.

TRANSACTIONS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

LON DON.

I. Notes on South American Butterflies. By H. W.

Bates, Esq., Cor. Memb. Ent. Soc., London.

[Read September 7th, 1857.]

Tue following notes were communicated by Mr. Bates in a letter

to Mr. Adam White, dated Ega, 20th May, 1857; and being

the record of observations made on the insects in their native

haunts, it is thought that they will not be devoid of interest to the

Entomological Society :—

Papilio Caudius is the ¢ of Papilio Torquatus. It appears

scarcely credible, but I once found a pair in cop. Caudius is

found in the forest, Torquatus in the sunshine of open places, but

in very damp weather both are found together at flowers on the

borders of the woods.

Heliconide.—I reared Heliconia erato at Cameta; the larve are

spinose, like the Vanessa, &c., and the chrysalis suspended by the

tail. This family I look upon as mostly a modern creation, the

species unfixed, very susceptible of change, in conjunction with

the least modification of local circumstance; but these theo-

VOL, V. N. S» PART I.—FEB. 1859, ‘ B

2 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Votes

retical notions, I suppose, you do not care about. The neura-

tion of the wings in many Mechanites and Ithomie differs in

different individuals of the same species; therefore, Mr. Hewit-

son should not rely so much upon it.* I have found a good

many in cop., and the sexes have always had the closest resem-

blance in colour and markings. They are very gregarious in

habits. A solitary species of Mechanitis or Ithomia im a locality

is seldom, or rather never seen: there are always- two or more

nearly allied species flying together. his is a very strange fact.

There are two species of large, brown, elongate-winged Jthomie,

something like T'hyridia ; one species has one black bar across

the wing, the other two. They are always found in company

up the Tocantius, up the Tapajos, on the islands in the Amazon,

and again at Ega. Jthomia vestilla is always accompanied by

I. Sao.

H. Melpomone varies in a curious manner. Here, the other

day, I took a pair in copulation, the female of which had red and

black striped hind wings (like many species of the genus). What

is very strange in this species is, that in ascending the river, it

becomes more liable to vary. It first appears at Santarem, where,

in a hundred specimens, you will only find the typical form,

namely, a simple crimson belt on the fore wings. In Abydos, in

a hundred specimens, perhaps twenty will have the crimson band

broken in various ways. In Serpa nearly all the individuals are

variations of the typical form. ;

I have no doubt they are hybrids (7. e. tle varieties), and I can

almost point out the species with which it hybridates. Strange to

say, the hybrids occur in one district and not in another, and one

style of hybrid only occurs in one district and not in the others,

the species being equally abundant in all the districts.

Agrias.—I think the most magnificent group of Nymphalide in

South America. They are very bold, strong, and rapid flyers ;

not at all like the Catagramme and Callithee inthis respect, but

like the Paphie@ and Prepone. They fly for a short distance with

inconceivable rapidity, and then settle on a leaf high up a tree, on

a trunk of a tree where sugary sap is oozing, or at filth of some

kind on the ground, with their wings erect, and are not very

* Mr. Hewitson is quite aware that the sexes of the same species of Ithomia

sometimes differ in the position of the nervures of the posterior wing; he has,

nevertheless, perfect faith in the different arrangement of the said nervures as a

sure guide by which to discriminate closely allied species.—W. C. H.

on South American Butter flies. 3

easily scared away. The Paphie and Prepone are exactly simi-

lar in manners. . The larve, I have no doubt, are of the same

form as that of Apatura Iris. I have bred a Prepona, the larva

was naked, and the head of similar shape to Apatura. These

genera and their allies form a Very natural group in the Nympha-

lide.

Callithea Sapphira.—At the end of the dry season (end of De-

cember) this butterfly became very scarce on the wing, and the

specimens were worn and faded. About the 12th of January its

larvee appeared in great numbers in the woods, feeding upon the

leaves of young trees of various species. The larva is very

beautifully banded with metallic violet colour and orange-red,

and bristled with long, branching spines of the metallic colour,

two of which, arising from the head, are three times the length of

those arising from the body. At the beginning of February they

generally changed into the pupa state, and about the middle of

the month the perfect butterfly appeared, in beautiful dress and

in great profusion, but only for a few days, for, with the continua-

tion of the heavy rains in T’ebruary and March, it disappeared

again. I reared both the C. Sapphira and the C. Leprieurii. The

larva of the latter is in the same way as that of the former spinose,

but its colours are different, being banded with bluish black and

greyish pallid green. The pupa is distinguished from that of

Sapphira by having a few black spines.

The flight of C. sapphira is slow in comparison with all other

Nymphalide. It settles frequently, and seeks the foliage of trees

at a height of from ten to twenty feet from the ground. The

female settles lower, but is very wary, and apt to escape into the

thicket on being disturbed. The male is quicker in flight, and

very rarely descends within reach of a moderate-sized net.

The Catagramme are more rapid and arrowy in flight than the

Callithee. They repose on the trunks of trees, and are very

much attracted by odours and filth on the ground, also by the

sugary sap on the trunks of standing trees; they are much more

wary than the d4grias, but still, in certain states of the weather,

are not so difficult of approach as many other kinds of Nympha-

lides, as the Epicalice and Cybdeles, especially C. Castalia, which

is the wariest butterfly I ever knew.

Cybdelis (?) Pharsalia, Hewits.—This is not a Cybdelis ; it is

a new generic form coming near Callithee. Its habits and mode

of flight are very much like those of the Callithee. It frequents,

BE2

4 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Notes

however, more frequently the moist margins of the water on

sandy beaches (the Callithee do so sometimes), is very wary,

and flies off in a sailing, circular manner to the borders of the

forest, where it settles high up on the foliage. It is rare at Ega,

and I did not see it on my excursion to Tunantins,

Caerois chorineus.—I have found one or two of this species at

Ega, and one at Tunantins. One I took on the Cupari, up the

Tapajos; so that it is widely distributed, but it is one of the

rarest of butterflies. The figure in Cramer is bad, as the caudal

lobe is represented as turned in a wrong direction, I suppose

some one has by this time discovered the curious structure of the

fore leg in g@ : it has the tibia and tarsus reduced to a rudi-

mentary hook-shaped joint, like the Mechanites and Ithomie.

The mode of flight of the species is exactly that of the larger

brown Satyri, slow and heavy, near the ground, threading the

shadiest thickets, and reposing on a leaf, wings erect, closed.

Mesosemie.—The Mesosemie form, with a few allied genera, a

sub-family of Erycinide, nearly approaching the Satyride. Their.

neuration is after a distinct type.

The true Mesosemie are rather feeble in flight, but sustain

themselves on the wing longer before settling than any other of

the Lrycinide: nearly all settle on the upper surface of leaves,

with the wings held half erect. Two or three species, however,

amongst them M. Cresus, fly rather more rapidly, and settle

underneath leaves with the wings horizontal, like the genus

Nymphidium. All are found in the shades of the forest, never

even by exception being seen in open grounds; some are only

found in the gloomiest shades of the virgin forest; unogyra

Satyrus, for instance, which flies very near the ground and settles

under leaves only a few inches above it, the wings held horizon-

tally.

Nymphidium, Lemonias, Emesis, Symmachia.—Al\ these and

many other forms are genera of the sub-family Nymphydine,

distinguished by their neuration, and found in thinned parts of

the forest or on its borders; their flight very short and not rapid,

settling always on the underside of leaves with the wings held

horizontally. The species are not so local in their distribution as

most other genera of E’rycinide, We have several species com-

mon at all the stations I have visited, as may have been observed

in the collections I have sent home to England.

on South American Butterflies. 3

The Lemonias, as figured on a plate by Mr. Hewitson, are a

strange mixture :* there are a few species (L. Pythia is one) which,

in style of colours, shape of hind wings, and mode of holding the

wings in repose, are sufficiently distinct from the typical Nymphi-

dia to be separated from them. They are found only in the

virgin forest, fly low and by rapid jerks, and, settling on under-

surfaces of leaves near the ground, hold their wings perpendicu-

larly. The females differ much from the males.

Tharops, Doubl.—The metallic-coloured Nymphidie, 1 think,

are a distinct group, and may be kept separate; their flight is

extremely rapid, they are found only at the borders of the forest,

and sometimes settle on flowers. Their wings are always held

horizontally.

Anatole, Doudl., I also consider a distinct group, a genus of

charming little creatures; they are found more m the centre of

the forest, their flight rapid, wings horizontal in repose. Lemo-

nias Irene, L. Rhodope, and two others, figured by Mr. Hewitson

as Lemonie, I should consider Anatoles. Irene and another large

species of similar colours I took at Ega, in the very centre of the

forest, in a moist dell by the banks of a rivulet; they are very

rare. ‘Their flight and mode of repose is exactly that of Anatole.

The female of Jrene I have also found: it differs more from the

male in colours than the female of white Nymphidie differ from

their males,

Emesis.—The three or four species I have found are more

rapid and jerky in their flight than the preceding, and are chiefly

found at the borders of the forest and at flowers. Their mode of

holding the wings in repose is the same as Tharops, &c. Although

the neuration of the wings is identical with the preceding genera,

their palpi distinguishes them quite sufficiently.

The Symmachie are very similar to the Emesis in their habits,

as they are in structure. ‘The two gilded green species found at

Ega are very abundant at certain seasons; the females are found

only at flowers on the borders of the forest, in company with the

* The mixture is from good authority. The genus is Mr, Westwood’s, who

could find no characters by which to separate the species composing the genera

Tharops and Anatole from the other species of Lemonius. It would be a mistake

to separate Lemonias Irene and Lb, Pithia of that plate from each other,— .

W..G. Hi,

6 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Wotes

Emesis (exceedingly rare, however), but the males accompany the

Cybdeles to the moist margins of the river, where they settle and

flit about the damp sand, sometimes by hundreds, forming a charm-

ing sight as you can well imagine.

Pupe of Erycinide.—l. have met with pupa of three genera

only, viz. Zeonia, Eurygona and Stalachthis ; the two former were

secured to leaves by the tail, but laid horizontally on the leaf, with

a fine silken thread passed over the body. The chrysalides of both

have two faces; the under or ventral face is naked and flat, whilst

the upper is convex and pubescent, most distinctly so in Eury-

gona. In Stalachthis it is secured by the tail only, but is in-

clined towards the leaf, and not suspended horizontally, as in the

Nymphalide.

Lymnas.—1 have taken six or seven species of this genus;

they are all rare, and two of them are single specimens, which I

have not yet sent to England. 1 exclude from the genus the

specimens figured by Mr. Hewitson as L. vitula, on account of its

different neuration. The true Lymnas (L. electron and allies)

present two nervules emitted from the subcostal nervure before

the end of the cell, in the fore-wings; whereas L. vitula has one

nervule before and one after the end of the cell. In their mode

of flight also the two forms differ. All the true Lymnas have a

very rapid but short flight, settling, with wings extended, on the

under surface of leaves of the lower trees on the borders of the

pathways in the woods of second growth, while L. vitula flies slow

and heavily, settling generally on the upper surface of the leaves.

The only locality where I have found the Lymnas rather plenti-

fully is the thinned dry woods of Santarem; in fact, in the same

limited strip of wood where only in all the region Callithea Sap-

phira is found. In-company with Z. electron there were two or

three very similar species, differing only in the colour of the spot

on fore wings, and the red spots at base of wings. They were all

flying together, and it struck me at the time that they were

probably varieties, but as I never detected them promiscuously in

copula, there is no alternative but to keep them separate at pre-

sent. I have so often seen two or more closely allied species

flying together, and yet keeping themselves perfectly distinct,

that I find it safer to consider small differences as separate species,

until positive proof offers of the contrary. I find when mono-

. graphers at home are inclined to group apparent varieties together

as one species on their own responsibility, they often make mis-

on South American Butterflies. a

takes. The system of separating after all leads to less confusion ;

for instance, some of our friends considered Megacephala cruciata

and M. bifasciata as one species, but how beautifully distinct they

are in reality, when we know the fact that MW. cruciata is confined

to the Lower Amazons, or as far as Barra inclusive, and M. bifas-

ciata to the Upper Amazons, all the hundreds of individuals I

have met with offering the same points of difference respectively !

Lymnas vitula is very common along the alleys in the forest at

Ega in the showery seasons, June, July, November, January.

The only other locality in which I have met with it is Areyros,

on the Tapajos, but all the individuals found there are different in

colour from the E-ga ones,

The beautiful Zeonia, of which I sent you a fine series last

July, I met with in a part of the forest near Ega, which 1 had

traversed and examined before, many times, in all seasons. The

first specimen I found was a straggler in a different part of the

forest. On July 2Ist, after a month of unusually dry and hot

weather, in ascending a slope in the forest by a broad pathway

mounting from a moist hollow, choked up with monstrous arums

and other marsh plants, I was delighted to see another of what

had always been so exceedingly rare a group of butterflies ; it

crossed the path in a series of rapid jerks, and settled on a leaf

close before me. Before I had secured it, [ saw another, and then

shortly after a third. I mounted to the summit of the slope, fol-

lowed a branch pathway which led along the brow of the ridge,

without seeing any more, but returned again to examine well the

exact spot where I had captured the three, for it very often

happens that a species is confined to a few square yards of space

in the vast forest, which to our perceptions offer no difference

throughout its millions of acres to account for the preferenee. I

entered the thicket from the pathway, and a few yards therein

found a small sunny opening, where many of the Zeonia were

flitting about from one leaf to another, meeting one another,

gamboling and fighting; their blue transparent tinge, brilliant

crimson patch and long tails, all very visible in the momentary

intervals between the jerks in their flight. I was very busy, you

may imagine, at first in securing a supply of specimens ; I caught

perhaps 150, two-thirds of which fell to pieces m the bottom of

the net, so fragile is their texure. I then paused to look around

the locality, and endeavour to find the larvae and pupe. I walked

through the thicket in all directions, and found the space peopled

by the species was not more than from, twenty to thirty square

8 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Notes

yards in extent, but within this space they were innumerable; up the

trees, so far as the eye could reach, the leaves were peopled with

them ; it is possible the brood belonged to some one tree. The only

two pupe | could find, it is true, were on two distinct kinds of trees,

but this is no proof that the larva may not have fed on one tree

only. I was disappointed at not finding the larva, although I

searched well during this and the three following days; on the

second day the butterflies were ‘still coming out; on the third

they were much fewer, and nearly all worn; and on the fourth

day I did not see a single perfect specimen, and not a dozen

altogether.

During all the time I worked the neighbourhood of the city of

Parad I found but one specimen of a Zeonta. This was in 1848 ;

the next time I saw the genus was at Altar do Chao, where I

took a few of a very small long-tailed species, at flowers. At

Ega, a few miles up the Teffi, I took one of another very hand-

some species at flowers, very distinct from all the others.

Syrmatia.—This very week I have captured the first specimen

Ihave seen of this genus. It is very small and delicate, the tails

excessively long and twisted, but I secured it quite perfect ; it

had doubtless just escaped from the pupa case, and fell motionless

to the bottom of my net. It is a form intermediate between

Zeonia and Isapis, in fact, a little Zsapis, with tails. Its flight is

exactly that of the Zeonia, progressing by vertical jerks ; it crossed

the path from the thicket on one side to a low tree, then, before I

could reach it, started off again to a palm frond, where it rested

on the under surface, gently fanning its wings like the Zeonra.

Charis.—I place in this genus a few species (seven or eight)

which agree in their rather elongate wings of dark brown or

blackish colours, with more or less of a silvery border; some of

them are extremely common at all places on the Amazons, and in

all seasons, every day in the year; for when the weather is so

cold and gloomy that no other butterfly will appear these are sure

' to be seen along the forest paths, flitting about the foliage, settling

frequently and reposing a long time, generally on the upper sur-

face of the leaves, with the wings half raised. One or two of the

species, however, alight at once on the under surface of leaves.

They are not averse to the sun’s beams, for in any sunny opening,

wherever in fact a ray of sunshine pierces the forest canopy and

illumines the sombre shades beneath, two or more males of these

merry little fellows are sure to be seen fighting furiously in the

on South American Butterflies. 9

beam of light. It is the species with the snowy white fringes

which I have always seen thus occupied.

Panara Barsacus was very common at Altar do Chao on the

Tapajos ; it occurs at Ega also, but much more rarely. Its flight

is rapid and short, always near the ground, settling invariably on

the under surface of leaves, with the wings horizontal. I see

no difference whatever between the Ega and the Tapajos spe-

cimens of this species.

Calydne.—The metropolis of the Calydne@ is Altar do Chao, or,

to speak more physical-geographically, the dry forests of the sandy

region of the lower Tapajos; ascending the Tapajos they dis-

appear, but are again in great numbers as to individuals (but

some of the species wanting) at Villa Nova, which is very similar

in physical character to the Tapajos region. At Obydos I believe

I did not meet with more than one species; at Ega and Barra

they are almost unknown ; at Ega, in fact, I have only met with

one specimen of the species most generally distributed about the

country (not figured in Hewitson’s plate). Strange to say, several

of the species occur at Tunantins, which fact I can only explain

by considering that the soil is of the same light and sandy nature

at this place as at Villa Nova, whilst at Ega and at Obydos it is

clayey. They frequent a peculiar sweet smelling inconspicuous

blossom on the borders of the forest ; these blossoms are found

at Ega, as well as the other localities. I have about thirteen

species ; they form a distinct and natural genus in the sub-family

Nymphidine,—identical, I think, in neuration with Nymphidium,

Anatola, Tharops, Theope, Lemonias, Emesis, Symmachia, Charis,

Mesene, Beotis, and many other genera. These sub-families only

confuse. The palpi are different from those of Nymphidium. As

to the legs, I do not think they will offer stable characters in the

family Erycinide. The female of one species, Calydna Calamisa,

has the fore legs of a very peculiar form, the terminal joint of the

tarsi being very large and oval; but I do not attach much im-

portance to this, as similar strange aberrations of form in the fore

legs are found without reference to other signs of affinity here and

there in this family, as well as in the T’hecle. All the Calydne

have a short but excessively rapid flight; the eye cannot follow

them in their movements ; they are found only in the very hottest

and dryest weather, when the herbage on the open campos is

withered by the inevitable daily sun for many weeks into a yellow

dust, and almost all other animal life is hushed into languid repose.

10 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Wotes

When many other tribes, and whole orders of insects (as Coleop-

tera), have long ceased to appear, after two or three months’

absence of rain, these charming little butterflies are in their

element, flitting about with restless activity. At Altar do Chao I

have seen many scofes in a walk along the parched dusty alleys of

the forest, in the month of November. Some of them settle on

the upper surface of the leaves, as C. Calitas, gently opening and

closing their wings during the brief intervals of their repose,

others alight at-once on the under surface in the manner of the

Tharops, &c. ; whilst others, as C. Charila and C. Caieta, are more

especially fond of the sweet smelling blossoms above mentioned.

When on the Tapajos I used to see three or four at a time im-

bibing the sweets in company with the Tapajos Zeonia, several

Theclas, and sometimes an Odontocera Mesene. 1 think this will

_prove a natural group of butterflies, allied to Anatole on one side,

but distinguished from them by the shortness of the palpi, and to

Charis on the other, from which they will have to be distinguished

by their colours and facies. I do not know the species which are

included in the several genera. In my collection here I have

nineteen species which I consider Mesene ; all are small butterflies

of bright and trenchant colours ; all are found in woods of second

growth, reposing with wings horizontal on the under side of

leaves, and all are identical in point of neuration with Nymphi-

dium, &c. Some of the species are very common, and generally

distributed throughout the Amazons, and are the first insects one

meets with on entering the woods behind the villages. ‘Their

flight is nimble, like that of the Nymphidiine generally.

Theclide.—In the immediate vicinity of Para, the Thecle are

in astonishing variety, although the number of individuals of each

species is very sparing. They people chiefly those parts of the

forest of second growth which have once been plantations of fruit

and coffee trees, and which are now overgrown by scattered

bushes, young trees, or dense thickets of Melastome, Tucuma

and Maraja palms, myrtles, mimose, &c.; but as they occur only

in certain states of the weather, and are very local in their distri-

bution, it requires long practice to collect them successfully.

During the months of August and September, 1851, I paid very —

close attention to the Z’heclid@, and succeeded in taking about

eighty distinct species, after pairing fourteen or fifteen dissimilar

sexes. All the species are remarkably alike in their habits, and

do not differ in this respect from the European species. They fly

by jerks, sometimes skipping backwards and forwards, and settle

on South American Butterflies. 1]

frequently low on the leaves of bushes or Lycopodiz. Sometimes

I have seen them on the flowers of Melastome, which at rare

intervals adorn these beautiful woods. The common 7. Marsyas

is frequently seen, but only in open grounds and road sides, where

its soft and delicate blue is an ornament to the surrounding

verdure. The large and rich species 7’. Imperialis and T. Regalis,

on the contrary, are only found in the virgin forest, in some nooks

along the pathways, where some opening in the umbrageous vault

above admits the rays of the sun.

12 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

II. On New Genera and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera.

Part 1V. By Francis P. Pascoz, Esq., F.L.S., &e.

As descriptions of many of Mr. Wallace’s Aru Longicorns are

contained in the present Part, it may be, perhaps, interesting to

make a few remarks on his general collection of Coleoptera from

that island, including the adjacent one of Key. The first glance at

once showed a complete dissimilarity of forms to those we are

accustomed to see from Australia: group after group marked its

Indian island character, and it was only after a close inspection

that here and there an Australian form might be noticed.

Premising that I have only attempted a very slight sketch, as

there were too many unpublished forms to allow of going into

many details, I commence with the Cicindelide. This family was

represented by Tricondyla, and Therates, no true Cicindela being

present. Carabide were few in number, and belonged chiefly to

Lebia and its allies. Staphylinide were also few, and not re-

markable.

Nothing has struck me so much in all Mr. Wallace’s ‘ island”

collections as the paucity of Lamellicornes. There are generally

a few individuals of the cosmopolite Onthophagus and Oryctes,

and perhaps some eight or ten Cetoniade, but rarely more than

two or three examples of each. Anoplognathus, Phyllotocus, Di-

phucephala, Liparetrus, and other common Australian genera of this

order, are wholly wanting.

Of the Malacoderms there were upwards of forty species, all

rather small, and none particularly striking. The Cleride were

entirely represented by Stigmatium and Ommadius, genera very

abundant in the Indian Archipelago.

Three or four species of Chrysodema, gems even amongst the

Buprestide, Melanophila, Agrilus, Trachys, and one Melobasis,

comprised the whole of the family from Aru; nota single Castia-

rina, or any of its allies, so common in the very poorest Austra-

lian collections. Llateride were fairly represented, and had two

or three’curious forms among them.

The number of Melasomes appears to be very limited in the

Indian islands; the Aru collection contained two or three obscure

species of Opatrum, and few of the other Heteromera were common.

Mordella, the most abundant genus, had six species; and of

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 13

Amarygmus, extending from Australia to Java, and even India,

there were three or four.

Anthribide, the most characteristic group of the Indian Archi-

pelago, seem to abound in Aru, there being not less than twenty-

four species in the collection; it will be recollected that the

Ecelonerus bifasciatus, Hope, is almost the only species of this

family which we obtain from Australia. Brentide, too, were

tolerably numerous; ten very interesting species being present.

The common Australian genus Belus was represented by a single

individual, which I believe is new. Among the Curculionide, Al-

cides was the most numerous in species; Orthorhynchus appeared

to be common in Aru as in Australia, although the number of

specimens was small; Afecopus was also frequent. Of the splendid

Papuan Lupholi there were only two species, one of which, from

Key, was new; they are probably excessively local.

The most abundant of the Australian longicorn genera, whether

in species or in individuals, Phoracantha, was represented by a

single specimen of P. biguttata, Don.; another longicorn also

common to both countries was Monohammus holotephrus, Bois.

Of other hitherto purely Australian genera belonging to this

great order (of which there were 109 species in the collection),

Penthea and Symphyletes alone were represented—that is, if the

Zygocera published by Mr. ‘Thomson be a true species of that

genus: on the other hand, there was a considerable accession of

species to many Indian forms, e. g. Merioneda, Iolea, Driopea,

Cacia, Gyaritus, Phlyarus, Cereopsius, Praonetha, Ropica, &e. Of

the Papuan Z'mesisternus there was not less than twenty species.

Among other described species belonging to this order were

Monohammus scabrosus, Ol.; Macrotoma Luzonica, F.; Calli-

chroma Dorycus, Bois.; Clytus glaucinus, Bois.; C. Australis,

Bois. ; Cylindrepomus nigro-fasciatus, Bois.; Cacia Vanikorensis,

Bois. ; Glenea viridinotata, Bl.; and several T'mesisterni,* includ-

ing the splendid Sphingnotus mirabilis, Bois. By far, however,

the finest insect in the collection was a noble Batocera, which,

with its antennz, was not less than ten inches in length; this has

been most worthily dedicated to Mr. Wallace.

There were five Endomychide, a family which is not, as yet,

known to occur in Australia.

* My genus Arrhenotus (ante, vol. iv. p. 242), proposed on the supposition of

Sphingnotus mirabilis being a true Tmesisternus, the only one with which I was

then acquainted, being erroneous, Arrhenotus must be cancelled, and its species,

Wallacei, be referred to Tmesisternus,

14. Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

Finally, among the Phytophaga, Coptocycla was the most con-

spicuous genus, the Australian Paropsia not being represented.

This is not the place to enter into any details not connected with

Entomology, but I cannot avoid expressing my conviction that

the debateable ground between the Indian and Australian Faunas

will be the northern or tropical portion of Australia itself, New

Guinea belonging zoologically to the Indian Archipelago, to which

it is closely connected through the Amboynas and the islands on

its western coast ; its almost equatorial! position, too, favouring the

probability of its productions being more analogous to those of

the torrid zone than to those of the temperate regions of Australia.

In accordance with this view we should expect to find many

Indian forms in Northern Australia, and to some extent we already

know this to be the case.

Amongst the many new species described in the present Part, I

have had very reluctantly to propose several new genera, but in

accordance with what appears to be the modern view of consider-

ing every primary group of species a genus, this was unavoidable.

The characters upon which they are founded may be often con-

sidered very slight, but putting aside the fact that many of the

specimens were unique, or from their rarity too valuable to be

injured by dissection, it still appears to me that any attempt to

assume a monographic completeness at present is premature in the

face of a constant succession of new species. Without dwelling

on this point, except to suggest whether, after all, the importance

of generic characters is not somewhat overrated, considering the

various modifications to which they are subject, and which in

many cases deprive them of all force, it is evident from the

vast accumulation of undescribed species in our collections that if

they are ever to receive names (in our time at least), and without

which no progress, so far as they are concerned, can be made, we

must be’satisfied to see them accompanied by comparatively slight

descriptions ; but unless we consider minute analyses of individual

forms to be the Alpha and Omega of Entomology, this is not much

to be regretted? Long descriptions are practically an evil, how-

ever much we may admire the ability of the describer.

Mallodon figuratum.

M. piceus; prothorace lato, depresso, marginibus crenatis,

disco minutissime punctato, figura bi-triangulari polita medio,

fasciaque basin versus, exceptis; scutello punctato, mar-

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 15

gine levi; elytris intricato-impressis ; pedibus rugoso-punc-

tatis, femoribus tibiisque armatis.

Australia (Sydney).

Pitchy, paler toward the end of the elytra; head, mandibles

and first four or five basal joints of the antennze coarsely punc-

tured; prothorax broad, depressed, irregularly crenate at the

sides, minutely but closely punctured, the disc having a raised

triangular coarsely punctured polished patch, which is united to

its fellow at the inner basal angle, a slight stem connecting it below

with a scroll which runs along at the base, and is reflected up-

wards at the sides; scutellum finely punctured, the posterior

margin smooth; elytra with intricate impressions as if worm-

eaten; legs roughly punctured; thighs beneath and tibize exter-

nally armed with small spines.

Length 25 lines.

The figure on the prothorax, like the leaf of the Bauhinia, and

the heraldic scroll beneath, will at once distinguish this Madlodon.

Mallodon fulvipenne.

M. brunneum, nitidum; elytris fulvo-testaceis, vermiculato-

impressis, marginibus elevatis.

Aru.

Mas.—Capite mandibulisque peramplis ; prothorace antice

latiore.

Feem.—Cap. mand. parvis; proth. postice latiore.

Reddish brown, shining ;- head very coarsely punctured, a deep

impression between the eyes; prothorax nearly impunctate, the

sides almost entire, the posterior angle in the female produced

and hollowed out above; elytra pale fulvous, with shallow but

rather coarse, confluent impressions, sutural and external mar-

gins with a narrow raised border; tips of the mandibles and claws

dark brown.

Length ( ¢ ) 22 lines; (2) 12 lines.

This and Macrotoma Luzonica, F., were the only Prionide in

Mr. Wallace’s Aru collection.

Macrotoma gemella.

M. castaneo-fusca; prothorace confertim punctato, lateribus

discoque plagis vermiculato-rugosis; elytris testaceo-brun-

neis ; scutello marginato, levi, lateribus punctatis.

Australia (prope Sydney),

16 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

Dark chesnut brown; head, between the eyes, with coarse scat-

tered punctures ; prothorax transverse, narrowed and somewhat

rounded anteriorly, the sides crenated, finely and closely punc-

tured, two roundish patches on the disc meeting at the median

line, and three others of irregular form at the side, corrugated as

if worm-eaten ; scutellim pentagonal, with a smooth raised

border; elytra testaceous brown, with very numerous and intri-

cate shallow impressions and points; femora and tibize armed

with a double row of spines beneath; under surface finely punc-

tured, except the posterior margins of the abdominal segments,

the second, third and fourth with an impressed spot at the side.

Length 26 lines.

Very near M. pallens, Bl., MS.? but there the prothorax is

uniformly punctured.

Lissonotus Shepherdi.

L. ater, nitidus; elytris truncatis, angulo suturali integro,

exteriori in spina productis, fascid ante medium interrupta,

coccinea.

Para.

Closely resembles L. equestris, but the fascia does not extend to

the suture, nor is the sutural angle rounded; the spine is also

more produced.

Length 7 lines.

Wedicated to our Secretary, to whose in detatioaic attention the

Society is deeply indebted.

Caragenia sericata.

C. fulvo-miniacea, sericeo-pubescens; prothorace rugoso, tu-

berculis duobus nigris disco instructis ; elytris postice nigre-

scentibus emarginatis apiculatis; femoribus intermediis pos-

ticisque spinosis.

Para:

Fulvous red, with a silky pubescence, prothorax rugose, with

two black tubercles on its disc, and a short lateral spine ; elytra

rather long, having a blackish tint posteriorly, and an elevated line

from the humeral angle to the long apical spine, another line to-

wards the suture, commencing beyond the middle but not con-

tinued to the apex; mesosternum and abdomen beneath with a

drab-coloured silky pubescence; intermediate and posterior fe-

mora armed with a strong spine,

Length 10 lines.

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. iy

Nyssicus.

Head short, broader in front ; eyes large, reniform; maxillary

palpi larger than the labial, the two last joints obconic; antenne

long, the third to the sixth or seventh joints strongly spined at

the apex; prothorax unequal, the sides armed; elytra elongate,

biapiculate ; legs long; femora clavate, unarmed.

This genus bears the MS. name of Holacanthus, Blanch., in

some collections; but that word has been long ago used for a

genus of fishes. It is chiefly distinguished from Eburza by its

long maxillary palpi, and clavate femora. The type is N. qua-

driguttatus, Ol.

ERoscHEeMA.

Head slightly produced in front; eyes rather large, reniform ;

antenne shorter than the body, stout, hairy towards the base, the

joints (except the second) sub-equal, dilated on one side ; palpi

short, the last joint subcylindrical, truncate; external maxillary

lobe produced and rounded at the end; prothorax constricted

almost into a neck anteriorly, its side with a stout tooth, the disc

unequal ; elytra parallel, depressed ; legs short, last tarsal joint

small.

The place of this very remarkable genus is, I think, near

Pteroplatus, from which it differs in the palpi, constricted pro-

thorax, head, &c.

Eroschema Powert. (PI. II. fig. 2.)

E. hirsuta, atra, infra nitida ; prothorace maculis duabus rubris ;

elytris rubris, quadricarinatis, interstitiis punctatis ; antennis

articulis quinque basalibus barbatis.

Australia (Sydney).

Black, clothed above with dense short half erect hairs, beneath

smooth and shining; prothorax with a smooth spot at the anterior

margin, and another behind, and with the elytra orange red, the

latter having each a sutural and three other raised lines, the inter-

stices thickly punctured ; legs very hairy.

Length 5 lines.

I have the pleasure of dedicating this to John A. Power, Esq.,

M.D., so well known as the discoverer of a vast number of our

native insects, and to whose kindness there are few British col-

lectors who are not indebted for some of their rarest specimens.

VOL. V. N. Ss PART I.—FEB, 1859, c

18 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Generu

Didymocantha cylindricollis.

D. angusta, brunnea, hirtis fulvidis vestita; prothorace cylin-

drico, antice constricto.

Australia (Moreton Bay).

Narrow, reddish-brown, rather sparingly clothed with coarse

stiff fulvous hairs, more densely on the scutellum; prothorax

long, cylindrical, but suddenly contracted anteriorly ; palpi and

mandibles pitchy.

Length 6 lines.

TRICHOMESIA.

Head rather narrow and elongate anteriorly ; mandibles short ;

labrum small ; eyes slightly emarginate ; palpi with the terminal

joint oblong-ovate, obtuse ; antennz distant, robust, not longer

than the body, the joints (second except) subequal; thorax

convex, equal in length and breadth, narrower before; elytra

rather depressed ; legs short.

A genus which I think should be placed near Uracanthus. Mr.

Newman, to whom I have dedicated it, informs me that in his MS.

it bears the name of Callidium digramma.

Trichomesia Nenmani.

T. nigra; elytris, palpis, pedibusque castaneis, illis linea albo-

hirsuta versus suturam ornatis.

Australia (Victoria).

Dull black ; prothorax with a line of whitish hairs on each

side, and another beneath it, which is continuous with one on the

mesosternum ; elytra, palpi and legs pale chesnut, the former with

a broad stripe of whitish hairs on each, extending from the base to

near the apex, and parallel to but not touching the suture, which is

dark brown; under surface paler with whitish hairs, which are

more dense on the sides of the abdominal segments.

Length 5 lines.

SEBASMIA.

Head porrect, small; eyes large, reniform; antennze of mode-

rate length, the basal joints nodulose, the fourth shortest (second

excepted), the terminal notched; prothorax rugose, elongated,

narrowed anteriorly ; elytra rather large ; legs short.

Closely allied to Cerambyx, from which it differs principally in

habit, comparatively large elytra, and short feet, particularly of

the tibia. The palpi were absent in the only specimen I have

seen,

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 12)

Sebasmia Templetoni.

S. picea, supra hirtis fulvis sub-sericeis tecta.

Ceylon.

Pitchy black, densely clothed above with fulvous yellow, some-

what silky hairs ; prothorax irregularly corrugated; eyes and

antennee dark brown, the latter with the two first joints and face

with a rusty yellowish pubescence; body beneath, femora and

tibiae pitchy; tarsi and under part of the meso-femora covered

with pale rusty hairs; mesosternal process bilobed, on the sides of

the mesosternum especially, and about the mouth are several long

slender hairs.

Length 14 lines.

I have dedicated this, one of the finest Ceylonese insects, to R.

Templeton, Esq.

Cerambyx venustus.

C. elongatus, piceo-brunneus, hirtis cinnamomeis dense vestitus ;

prothorace mutico, antice angustiore, transversim corrugato ;

elytris apice truncatis, sutura in spina minuta productis; an-

tennis maris longissimis.

Ceylon.

Elongate, pitchy brown, densely covered with short thickish

cinnamon-coloured hairs ; eyes and apex of mandibles dark

brown; prothorax unarmed, narrowed in front, coarsely and

transversely corrugated ; elytra truncate, with the suture produced

into a short spine ; antennze of the male very long, the fifth and

sixth joints spined at the tip.

Length 26 lines.

This very fine species is not uncommon in collections.

Cerambyx vernicosus.

C. niger nitidus, pube sericante pallide-griseo sparsim indutus ;

prothorace muticosampliato, rugoso, basin versus angustiore ;

elytris apice sub-bispinosis.

Ceylon.

Brownish or pitchy black, with a sparse, silky, pale greyish

pubescence ; prothorax unarmed, full and rounded, transversely

rugose, narrower or constricted behind; elytra gradually dimi-

nishing from the shoulders to the apex, which is truncate, with a

small tooth at each angle.

Length 14 lines.

20 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

Cerambyx versutus,

C. brunneus; capite prothoraceque fuscis, hoc irregulariter

corrugato utrinque fortiter spinoso; elytris apice bidenta-

tis; antennis pedibusque rufis.

Ceylon.

Reddish brown; head and prothorax dark brown, the latter

irregularly corrugated with a strong spine on each side; elytra

with two small teeth at the apex of each; legs and antenne rufous

brown; body beneath with a sparse silvery pubescence.

Length 12 lines.

Nearly allied to C. consocius, but the prothorax is transverse,

irregularly and more finely corrugated, elytra larger and less

strongly toothed at the apex, &c. C. humeralis, White, is also a

closely-allied species.

Cerambyx consocius.

C. brunneus; prothorace angustato sub-transverse-corrugato,

utrinque obtuse-dentato, elytris apice bispinosis; corpore

subtus sericeo-pubescente ; antennis pedibusque rufis.

Ceylon.

Reddish brown; prothorax narrow, deeply and nearly trans-

versely corrugated, with an obtuse tooth on each side at about the

middle; elytra widest at the base, the apex of each with two

strong spines; antenne and legs rufous brown; under surface

with a sparse silvery pubescence.

Length 13 lines.

Cerambyx macilentus.

C. attenuatus, obscure piceo-fuscus pube grisescente indutus ;

prothorace mutico, corrugato ; elytris obsolete punctatis,

apice bispinosis, spina exterior! divaricata; antennis no-

dulosis.

Ceylon.

Attenuate, dull pitchy brown, with a slight greyish pubescence ;

prothorax narrowed in front, unarmed and rather finely corrugated ;

elytra obsoletely punctate, tapering from the base, with a broad

slightly elevated somewhat oblique ridge, the apex bispinous, the

outer spine strongly divaricate ; antennae nearly twice the length

of the body, the four or five basal joints nodulose; legs mode-

rate.

Length 13 lines.

A very distinct species of which I have only seen the male.

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 21

Cerambyx demissus.

C. sub-angustatus, fuscus, griseo-pilosus ; prothorace mutico,

plicato; elytris apice sub-truncatis.

India (Benares).

Rather narrow, dark browu, sparingly covered with greyish

hairs, which are longer and slightly curved on the elytra, parti-

cularly the basal portion; prothorax unarmed, sub-transversely

plicate; elytra somewhat truncate at the apex; antenne mode-

rate.

Length 6 lines.

Nearly allied to C. egenus, but the thorax is proportionably

longer, more regularly plicate, elytra shorter, &c.

Hesthesis mcerens.

H. niger ; prothorace margine antico elytrisque macula apicali

stramineis, his testaceo-olivaceis ; abdomine supra segmento

primo tertioque flavo-marginata; femoribus ferrugineis.

Sydney.

Black, space between the eyes, anterior border of the prothorax,

and small spot at the apex of each elytra, dull straw colour, the

latter testacous olive, darker exteriorly ; abdomen with a band

across the first segment, and margin of the third above, bright

yellow beneath, the first segment covered with a white silky

pubescence ; thighs ferruginous.

Length 8 lines.

I have not seen Mr. Newman’s H. bizonatus ; his description is

too short to be of any use, but it differs from this species in the

ferruginous base of its antenne.

OxyLYMMA.

Head prolonged into a snout; eyes round, prominent, nearly

entire, distant below ; antennz short, filiform, the fourth joint as

long as the fifth, the third twice their length, the rest shorter ;

prothorax smooth, narrower in front; elytra short, depressed,

each gradually narrowing toa point; femora stout, clavate ; tibize

lengthened ; tarsi short, the first joint of the posterior not greatly

exceeding the second in length.

The affinity of this genus is with certain small insects confined

apparently to the Valley of the Amazons, which Mr. White has

placed in Rhinotragus, and to which he also refers Oregostoma. It

22 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

appears to me, however, that these (R. notabilis, molorchoides, tri-

lineatus, &c.) form a distinct group, essentially distinguished from

both Rhinotragus and Oregostoma by their slender form, large

eyes nearly or quite meeting below, antenne, and greater length

of the first joint of the posterior tarsi. For this group I propose

the name of Agaone, and Oxylymma will differ from it in its more

robust form, eyes, antenne, elytra and legs.

Oxylymma lepida. (PI. II. fig. 3.)

O. flava, occipite, oculis, antennis basi, humeris, fasclisque

duabus elytrorum, atris.

Para.

Sulphur-yellow, eyes, top of the head, except a yellow spot

between the eyes, band above the lip, and tips of the mandibles,

black ; prothorax smooth and polished, of a rather darker yellow ;

elytra thickly punctured, the shoulders, a band at the middle, and

the apices, black ; antennz with the first joint, ring round the

second, line along the third, fourth and fifth, and apices of the

three last, black; legs with a line along the tibiae, and extremity

of the last tarsal joint and claws, black; beneath pale yellow, a

broad band on the mesosternum, and two last abdominal segments,

black.

Length 53 lines.

It will, perhaps, be as well to observe, that throughout these

papers all Mr. Bates’s important acquisitions are marked Para—

the province, not the city, my earlier sets of this gentleman’s

collections having been unfortunately put away without noting the

precise localities from which they were derived, but I hope even-

tually to supply the omission.

THRANIUS.

Head short ; labrum very small; mandibles stout; eyes lateral,

large round, scarcely emarginate ; palpi rather short, the terminal

joint ovate, somewhat inflated; antennz short, filiform, the joints

eylindric, the third longest; prothorax equal at the sides, gibbous

above ; elytra narrow, flat, scarcely covering the abdomen; legs

short, slender; femora not clavate; tarsi with the first joint

longest.

A genus allied to Stenopterus, but differing in the round eye,

filiform antenne, palpi, &c. &c.

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 23

Thranius gibbosus.

T. fuscus; elytris apice spinosis, fasciis tribus ferrugineis

ornatis; antennarum articulis 8 et 9 albis; abdomine tes-

taceo.

Ceylon.

Dark brown ; prothorax longitudinally gibbous; elytra ending

in a short spine, and having three ferruginous bands, the first

commencing at the shoulder and curving round the scutellum, the

second also at about the middle, and the last across the apex ;

antenne with the eighth and ninth joints white ; abdomen tes-

taceous.

Length 10 lines.

Thranius bimaculatus. (PI. II. fig. 7.)

T. fuscus; elytris vix apiculatis, pallide brunneis, in medio

ochraceo-bimaculatis ; antennarum articulis 8, 9 et 10

ochraceis.

Malacca.

Dark brown, head and thorax sparingly pubescent, the latter

thickly punctured, and slightly gibbous anteriorly; elytra long,

narrow, not covering the abdomen, closely punctured, the apex

scarcely apiculate, light yellowish brown, with a round ochre spot

on the middle of each ; antennz with the eighth, ninth and tenth

joints pale ochre; abdomen beneath reddish brown.

Length 10 lines.

Homalomelas zonatus.

H. ater, nitidus; prothorace margine posteriore, scutello,

fascia pone medium apiceque elytrorum et corpore subtus

(segmentis tribus ultimis abdominis exceptis) albis ; elytris

haud carinatis.

Ceylon.

Black, shining ; posterior margin of the prothorax, scutellum,

a somewhat oblique fascia behind the middle, and apex of the

elytra, densely clothed with short white hairs, under surface with

a white pubescence, except the space round the posterior coxa and

three last abdominal segments.

Length 6 lines.

Closely resembling H. gracilipes, which, however, differs in

* many respects, particularly in the absence of the carinated

elytra.

24 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

Stenoderus labiatus.

S. ater, capite ({ronte occipiteque exceptis) elytris (nisi suturo)

aurantiacis ; pedibus fuscis.

Australia.

Black ; head (except the crown and part between the antennez)

and elytra orange red, the latter having a broad patch of violet on

nearly the whole length of the suture; legs brown.

Length 7 lines.

All the species of Stenoderus are homogeneous, except S. gram-

micus, deustus and rectus of Mr. Newman ; these are so different,

yet so closely allied to each other, that their separation as a distinct

group is advisable. I propose for it, therefore, the name of

Syllitus ; technically it may be at once distinguished from Steno-

derus by its large oblong entire eyes.

Tritocosmia rubea.

T. sub-miniata; capite prothoraceque rubro-brunneis; anten-

narum fasciculo nigro.

Nova Cambria Australis.

Rather a dull red, inclining to orange, the head and prothorax

reddish brown, slightly shining and minutely corrugated ; eyes

and tips of the mandibles dark brown; brush of the antenne

black ; under surface with a silvery pubescence.

Length 8 lines.

Callichroma trogoninum.

C. nigro-chalybeatum ; prothorace bi-impresso ; fronte, protho-

race lateribus elytrisque vitta longitudinali, viridi-aurulentis ;

antennis pedibusque chalybeatis; corpore subtus argenteo-

sericante.

Ceylon.

Chalybeate black ; front, sides of the prothorax (which in the

male has two slightly impressed marks), and a broad longitudinal

stripe on each elytra, golden green; epistome testaceous; an-

tenne and legs deep steel blue; under surface with a silken

silvery pubescence.

Length 12 lines.

Callichroma Thomsoni.

C. attenuata, aureo-viridis ; prothorace macula oblonga me-

diana et vittis duabus elytrorum—una suturali alteré mar-

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 25

ginali—antennis pedibusque chalybeatis; pectore pube sub-

argentea tecto.

Borneo.

Slender, rich golden green; prothorax with an oblong central

spot; elytra with two long stripes, the one sutural, disappearing

before the apex, the other marginal; antennz and legs dark steel

blue; under surface dull green, the breast somewhat silvery ;

palpi pitchy, annulated with testaceous.

Length 8 lines.

Dedicated to James Thomson, Esq., of Paris, the author of the

Archives Entomologiques, and other useful and beautifully illus-

trated works.

CoLiLyRropDEs.

Head large, suddenly constricted and forming a very slender

neck behind the eyes, which are prominent and deeply emar-

ginate; palpi rather stout, the terminal joint obtuse; Jabrum and

jaws small; antenne filiform, sborter than the body, the joints

(second excepted) subequal ; thorax long, very slender anteriorly

and constricted behind ; ejytra parallel, depressed; legs slender ;

femora thicker in the middle ; tarsi short, the joints gradually

broader to the third.

A very remarkable genus, resembling Collyris among the

Cicindelide, and which there can be little hesitation, notwith-

standing the eyes, in placing near Pseudocephalus, Newman. I

have named the only species after the author of that magnum

opus—the * Genera des Coléoptéres.”

Collyrodes Lacordairei. (PI. II. fig. 4.)

C. purpureo-violaceus ; elytris viridi-atris, punctatis, pone me-

dium singulis macula obliqua apiceque albidis ; antennis

pedibusque testaceis.

Malacca.

Deep glossy purple violet; elytra greenish black, rather

thickly punctured, with an oblique spot below the middle and

apex. of each, dull white; prothorax and whole body beneath

smooth; antennze and legs testaceous brown, the former some-

what darker at the base; pro- and mesosternum simple.

Length 6 lines.

Deuteromma mutica.

D. testacea; oculis nigris; prothorace mutico.

Ceylon.

26 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

Nearly allied to D. testacea, but narrower ; the antennz testa-

ceous, not black, and the prothorax without the slightest trace of

the lateral spine.

Length 33 lines.

Obrium laterale.

O. brunneo-testaceum ;_prothorace linea laterali utrinque fusea ;_

elytris postice latioribus fuscis, luteo-variegatis ; antennis

pedibusque testaceis.

Ceylon.

Brownish-testaceous ; eyes and a stripe on each side of the

prothorax dark brown, the latter elongate and narrowed behind ;

elytra dilated posteriorly, brown, varied with reddish-yellow

blotches, one at the shoulder and extending obliquely on each

side of the scutellum, a broad somewhat V-shaped band common

to both at the middle, an oblong spot below, and another margin-

ing the apex ; legs and antenne testaceous.

Length 4 lines.

Obrium ibidionoides.

O. testaceum, nitidum; capite, prothorace, fascia lata apicem

versus, fusco-castaneis.

Australia (prope Sydney).

Pale testaceous, shining, antennze and body beneath darker ;

head, prothorax, and a broad band, or rather patch, on the elytra

near the apex, chesnut brown; prothorax nearly half the length

of the elytra, narrower and somewhat constricted behind; an-

tennz rather shorter than the body.

Length 33 lines.

Obrium? meestum.

O.? rubro-fuscum, validiusculum, confertim punctatum ; oculis

nigris, sub-integris; prothorace equali, lateribus rotundatis ;

pedibus sub-brevibus.

Ceylon.

Reddish-brown, deeply and thickly punctured (including the

head); eyes black, rounded, slightly emarginate ; prothorax

nearly equal, the sides rounded ; elytra nearly parallel, not much

wider than the thorax, the apex simple ; legs rather short; under

surface dark brown.

Length 43 lines.

Not a true Obrium, but with one greasy specimen only before

me I am unwilling to propose a new genus.

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 27

Clytus ascendens.

- C. angustatus; prothorace nigricante, sub-globoso, confertim

punctulato; elytris atris, humero fasciisque duabus (una

mediané altera apicali) canis ; lined basali arcuata alba.

Ceylon.

Narrow, but not elongate; prothorax greyish black, somewhat

globose, thickly and finely punctured ; elytra black, the shoulders,

band on the middle, and another at the apex, pale cinereous, from

about the middle of each elytron, and above the median band,

ascend a narrow, curved, very distinct whitish line, which meets

its fellow immediately below the scutellum; antennz filiform, half

the length of the body, the fourth and fifth joints slightly spinous

at the extremity, the basal joint yellowish brown; legs slender,

elongate, black.

Length 43 lines.

The colours of this insect resemble those of C. rusticus.

Clytus Watkeri.

C. sub-angustus, cinereo-pubescens; prothorace maculis dua-

bus, elytris singulis tribus margine exteriore, atris; an-

tennis muticis.

Ceylon.

Rather narrow, covered with cinereous hairs ; prothorax oblong,

elliptic, with two round black spots; elytra sub-truncated, with

three large somewhat irregular black patches on the outer side of

eaeh, and extending to the margin, but not meeting at the suture,

the first near the base, the second in the middle, and the Jast

rather distant from the apex ; antenne nearly filiform, unarmed,

shorter than the body.

Length 43 lines.

Intermediate between C. elongatulus and the more typical forms.

Dedicated to Francis Waiker, Esq., F.L.S., &c.

| Clytus Balyi.

C. subelongatus, fulvo-aureus ; elytris, singulis, maculis tribus

atris ornatis ; antennis longis, setaceis; femoribus tibiisque

posticis apice fuscis; mesosterno abdomineque pube flavo-

argenteo-tectis.

India.

Rather narrow, covered with a rich dark golden yellow pube-

28 Mr. F. P.Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

scence, which on the mesosternum and abdomen verges on silvery ;

eyes, mandibles, and three spots on each elytron black ; antennz

rather Jonger than the body, in the male setaceous, none of the

joints spined ; legs with femora and tibia brown at their tips.

Length 53 lines.

Clytus assimilis, Hope, is the nearest ally of this pretty species,

which I have named after Joseph S. Baly, Esq., author of a ‘* Mo-

nograph of the Hispide,” and the possessor of an unrivalled col-

lection of Phytophaga.

Clytus Bowringii.

C. elongatus, olivaceo-cinereus ; elytris lined lunari pone hu-

meros et fasciis duabus medianis, nigris ; antennis pedibusque

gracillimis.

‘China (Hong Kong).

Narrow and elongate, with an olive greyish pubescence; pro-

thorax oblong, swollen in the middle; elytra with a large lunar

mark behind the shoulder, a black rather oblique fascia behind,

and another broader one before the apex, black; antenne slender,

not quite the length of the body, the first and fourth joints acutely

spined ; legs dull testaceous, very slender and elongate, especially

the posterior pair,

Length 5 lines.

Belonging to the elongatulus group. I have dedicated it to

J. C. Bowring, Esq., who has most assiduously investigated the

Entomology of the island of which it is a native.

Brachytria pulcherrima.

B. purpureo-rubra; prothorace lateribus fuscis; elytris vitta

laterali viridi-resplendente. :

Australia (Moreton Bay).

Purplish red, furnished with many long scattered hairs ; pro-

thorax thickly punctured, with the sides brown; elytra narrower

posteriorly ; bicarinate with coarse confluent punctures, and

having from the shoulders to near the apex a brilliant stripe of

golden green, which, as it passes into the red, becomes purple and

then violet; legs, antennze and under surface brownish red; apex

of the elytron fasciculate.

Length 7 lines.

This beautiful insect is unquestionably congeneric with B. late-

brosa, Newm. I should have hesitated to unite it with Bb. gulosa,

the type of the genus.

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. — 29

Oreodera cretifera.

O. fulvo-grisea; elytris lateribus albo-plagiatis ; pedibus brun-

neo-variegatis.

Brasilia.

Fulvous grey ; prothorax with three tubercles on the dise and

one at the side; elytra tuberculate at the base, the external

margin at about the middle with a large oblong chalky white

patch ; legs varied with brown; femora near the tips with a pale

flexuous ring ; epistome and palpi testaceous.

Length 7 lines.

Trypanidius geminus.

T. piceus, olivaceo-brunneus ; prothorace convexo; elytris

punctatis, basi granulatis, apice sub-truncatis, pone medium

maculis duabus fuscis, approximatis.

Brasilia.

Rather short, pitchy, with an olive brown pubescence; pro-

thorax convex, the lateral spine small, a line of impressed points

along the posterior margin; elytra punctured, more thickly at the

base, where there are also a few granulations, the apex slightly

truncate, behind the middle two dark brown spots with a pale

border closely approximate, beyond these and towards the outer

margin a small patch of pale ochreous; beneath dull pitchy, the

sides of the abdominal segments spotted with pale brown ; antenne

of @ scarcely longer than the body; tarsi pale silky yellow.

Length 6 lines.

Ai gomorphus remotus.

ZB. piceus, pube griseo-cervino tectus ; prothorace tritubercu-

lato; elytris basi confertim punctatis, granulatis, apice spi-

nosis.

Para,

Pitchy, with a greyish fawn-coloured pile; prothorax short,

its disc trituberculate, the lateral spine at about the middle, a line

of impressed points along the anterior margin, and a second line

at the posterior; elytra rather depressed, much punctured and

granulated at the base, the apex ending in a spine, below the

middle near the suture a pitchy spot, and by the side a curved line

of the same colour, having two or three patches connected with

it; antenne much longer than the body in 9, reddish brown,

darker at the extremities; tarsi brown, the last joint very long.

Length 8 lines.

30 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

The fore and intermediate legs of this species are unusually

distant at their insertion.

Lasiopezus Whiter.

L. fusco-piceus, pubescens ; elytris basi cristatis, cinereo-fus-

coque variegatis, tertio apicali, macula mediana irregulari,

prothorace, mesosterno, abdominque segmentis tribus ultimis,

albidis.

Natal.

Differs from Z. marmorator, F., in the prothorax without the

brown central patch, and the absence of the broad median band ;

the elytra are also less depressed. In several specimens of

both species which I have examined these differences are

constant.

Length 10 lines.

I have changed the old name of this genus, Lasiodactylus (Dj.)

Blanch., into Lasiopezus, the former having been preoccupied (by

Perty) for a genus of Nitidulide. This species, I need hardly

say, I have dedicated to Mr. White, of the British Museum, to

whom few Entomologists of the present day are not indebted for

many valuable hints (too many sometimes, perhaps, to be always

conveniently acknowledged), and who first pointed out to me the

distinctive character of this species,

Polyrhaphis Jansoni.

P. latus, fulvescens ; capite, antennarum articulis duabus basa-

libus, femoribus, tibiisque nigris.

Para.

Habit of P. spinipennis, Lap.; head, two first Joints of the

antenne, thighs (except at the tips), tibia, end of the last tarsal

joint, claws, and prosternum, black ; prothorax and elytra with a

fulvous pile; under surface paler; epistome dull yellow; tarsi

covered with long golden yellow hairs.

Length 12 lines.

The prothorax has a strong straight acute spine on each side,

and two smaller ones on its disc, as in P. spinipennis ; the arrange-

ment of the tubercles on the elytra is also nearly the same as in

that species. Dedicated to the curator of the Society, to whose

well-known skill and critical acumen I have been often deeply

indebted.

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 31

Onychocerus albitarsis.

O. ater, grisescente-brunneoque variegatus ; prothorace lateribus

productis, disco trituberculato ; antennis glabris tibiisque an-

nulatis, tarsis albidis.

Brasilia.

Black, middle of the third antennal joint and base of the fourth,

head, prothorax, except the three tubercles, base and posterior

half of the elytra, middle of the tibie, and tarsi, greyish white ;

elytra with a double series of large black granulations, the middle

and patch posteriorly reddish brown.

Length 6 lines.

The antenne have no trace of the hairy fringe which forms so

beautiful an appendage to the terminal joints of the other two

well-known species; in the one described by Mr. Chabrillac, no

mention is made of it. I am indebted for my specimen to Fred.

Bond, Esq.

DystTH#zTA.

Head rather narrow; eyes broadly emarginate ; labrum large ;

mandibles obtuse; external maxillary lobe elongate; antennz

somewhat approximate, longer than body, setaceous, the third and

fourth joints longest, the rest sub-eqnal (second excepted) ; palpi

elongate, the terminal joint obtuse; prothorax quadrate, irregular,

the sides spined; elytra broadest at the shoulders, decreasing

posteriorly ; legs rather long, the tarsi not dilated, the first joint

longest.

With no very salient characters, this genus is quite different in

habit from any other with which I am acquainted. Its affinities

are doubtful.

Dystheta anomala, (PI. II. fig. 6.)

D. pubescens, rufo-brunnea, albo-fuscoque variegata ; elytris

basi parce, apicem versus, remote punctatis.

Australia (Moreton Bay).

Pubescent, light reddish brown, varied with dark brown and a

little white, in irregular lines shading into each other; on the

prothorax these lines are longitudinal, two dark ones particularly

on each side, and a paler one in the middle; on the elytra, which

are sparingly punctured at the base and becoming even less so

towards the apex, there are five series of transverse bands, more

or less zig-zag, of which the middle one is formed like the letter

W, with the anterior portion of it picked out with white; legs

and under surface with a greyish pubescence ; mesosternum

bilobed posteriorly ; elytra obliquely truncate at the apex.

Length 7 lines.

32 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

Zygocera MacLeayt.

Z. elongatus, piceus; prothorace gibboso, tuberculis duabus

bifidis medio instructis ; elytris albo-maculatis, basi tubercu-

latis, rude punctatis, apice obliquo-angulatis ; tarsis albidis.

Australia (Sydney).

Elongate, pitchy black ; head with a white line round the eye ;

prothorax narrow, the disc with two elevated bifid tubercles,

between which are two longitudinal white lines, the sides with a

stout slightly projecting spine; elytra deeply and coarsely punc-

tured, prominent at the shoulders, gradually decreasing to the

apex, which is obliquely truncate, forming a sharp angle, but not

spined, the base of each near the scutellum with a very elevated

tubercle, and the whole surface with several small spots formed

of white hairs scattered over it, but particularly below the

tubercles and along the suture; antennz with the upper joints

annulated with white; legs with a greyish pile, which is nearly

white on the tarsi, post-tibiz darker at the end; mesosternum

slightly produced anteriorly.

Length 11] lines.

Dedicated to W. S. MacLeay, Esq., of Sydney, author of

“ Hore Entomologice,” “ Annulosa Javanica,” &c.

Zygocera pentheoides.

Z. lata, picea, albo-irrorata; prothorace medio bituberculato

lateribus fortiter productis ; elytris basi sub-gibbosis, cris-

tatis, humeris prominulis, rude punctatis, apice rotundatis ;

tarsis articulis primis duobus albis.

Australia (Swan River).

Broad and rather depressed, covered with small spots formed of

white hairs, which on the middle of the elytra are somewhat con-

fluent; a white line before and behind the eye; prothorax with

two tubercles on the disc, the spine at the side strongly produced ;

elytra broad and projecting at the shoulders, the base slightly

crested, the apex rounded, the whole coarsely punctured ; tibiz

darker at the end, two first tarsal joints white ; antenne scarcely

longer than the body; mesosternum strongly produced.

Length 9 lines.

British Museum.

Zygocera bifasciata.

Z. sub-depressa, pube griseo-fulvescente tecta; prothorace ely-

trisque maculis fasciisque fuscis ornatis, his tricarinatis, basi

antice productis.

Australia (Sydney).

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 33

Rather depressed, with a greyish-yellow pile, spotted and

striped with brown; front and cheeks with vertical, prothorax

with transverse lines ; the elytra with three raised lines, the two

inner terminating in the sutural and outer spine respectively, the

other confined to the basal half, not crested, but the base project-

ing forward between the shoulder and scutellum, with two bands,

one before, the other behind the middle, and numerous small spots,

those near the base having a shallow puncture in the centre; body

beneath pitchy, pubescent on the sides; antennz and legs dark

brown, the latter with fulvous hairs; palpi testaceous; eyes

black.

Length 8 lines.

Zygocera plumifera.

Z. picea, grisescente pubescens, fusco-maculata; prothorace

trituberculato; elytris basi cristatis plumiferis ; plag4 laterali

pone medium maculisque fuscis.

Australia (Sydney).

Pitchy, with a greyish pubescence, varied with brown spots and

lines; head with vertical stripes on the cheeks and a broad patch

on the vertex, which is divided by an impressed line; prothorax

with three tubercles nearly connected together, two transverse

lines and a few spots anteriorly; elytra gibbous at the base,

crested, the crest crowned with soft thick-set hairs, a lateral

patch behind the middle and several spots scattered over the sur-

face, those on the basal half with a coarse puncture in the centre

of each; beneath pitchy, the sides pubescent, spotted; antennz

pitchy.

Length 6 lines.

Zygocera pumila.

Z. angustior, brunneo-picea, pube grisescente tecta; prothorace

sub-tuberculato ; elytris bicarinatis, basi elevatis, cristatis,

punctato-maculatis.

Australia (Sydney).

Narrow, reddish pitchy, with a greyish pubescence; top of

the head and prothorax with transverse, brown, more or less inter-

rupted lines, the latter with a slight tubercle in the centre, lateral

spine very short ; elytra with two raised lines terminating in the

apical spines, elevated at the base, with a slightly plumose crest,

and having a few dispersed punctures, each in the centre of a

chocolate-brown spot, a band of the same colour at the base be-

tween the two crests and across the scutellum; under surface

VOL. V. N. S. PART Il. MAY, 1859. D

34 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

with a greyish pile, except the central part and last abdominal

segment.

Length 5 lines.

Zygocera complexa.

Z. angustior, sub-depressa, fusco-castanea, lineis maculisque

ochraceis pubescentibus induta; elytris tricarinatis, basi vix

productis ; antennis tibiisque brunneis.

Aru.

Narrow, depressed, dark chesnut brown, with lines and spots

formed by short dull yellowish hairs; head with two broad lines

in front, two narrower on the occiput, and an oblique one below

the eye; prothorax with three transverse lines, the intermediate

united to the others at the middle and sides; elytra nearly simple

at the base, tricarinate, the sutural and outer carine terminating

in spines at the apex, with an intricate series of markings, among

which three irregular fascize may be distinguished-—one before the

middle, one beyond it, and the third near the apex; antennze and

tibia reddish-brown ; palpi dark brown, the joints yellow at the

tips.

Length 5 lines.

Rather narrower and more depressed than the other species, the

spine at the side smaller, and no crest at the base of the elytron,

which is slightly produced anteriorly, as in Z. befasciata.

Zugocera barbicornis.

Z. piceo-brunnea, griseo-pubescens ; elytris punctato-striatis,

basi simplicibus, macula subocellata ornatis; antennis arti-

culis primis sextis infra barbatis.

Australia (Moreton Bay).

Light pitchy brown, more or less varied with greyish hairs;

prothorax rather narrow, with the lateral spine short and broad ;

elytra coarsely striato-punctate, with a dark subocellated spot on

the lower half, near the outer margin, the apex truncate, with the

suture slightly produced; antennz longer than the body, with the

first six joints strongly bearded beneath, the last five simple, and

together not longer than the third.

Length 7 lines.

This will probably be considered the type of a new genus, nearly

allied to Zygocera.

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 35

Hypselomus pupillatus.

H. cervinus; elytris basi punctatis, disperse fusco-maculatis,

pone medium maculis duabus connexis, una alba, altera fusca ;

antennis pedibusque fuscis, his cervino-irroratis.

Para.

Greyish fawn-colour, head and prothorax darker, the latter with

about five tubercles and a strong tooth at the side near the base ;

elytra with a strong tubercle at the shoulder, rather gibbous to-

wards the scutellum, and the base thickly punctured, a few brown

spots along the suture and near the apex, while below the middle

there is a larger spot, above which and connected to it is another,

but pure white and very distinct ; antennz and legs dark choco-

late brown, the latter sprinkled with numerous small greyish

spots.

Length 10 lines.

Hypselomus variolosus.

H. pallide olivaceo-brunneus, capite prothoraceque nigro-irro-

ratis; elytris maculis nigris aspersis, basi granulatis; an-

tennis articulo primo femoribusque undulato-variis.

Para.

Pale olive-brown, with a slightly greyish tint; head and pro-

thorax with minute black crowded spots, the latter with about

eight tubercles on its disc ; elytra with several well-defined scat-

tered black spots, and with from ten to a dozen glossy black

granulations on each shoulder; first antennal joint and femora

marked with numerous fine wavy lines of dark brown and olive;

eyes coppery; beneath sprinkled with black.

Length 10 lines.

Hypselomus paganus.

H. fuscus, pallide olivaceo-variegatus ; prothorace subquinque-

tuberculato; elytris basi cristatis ; antennarum articulis, primo

excepto, basi annulatis ; tarsorum articulo ultimo fulvo, apice

nigro.

Para.

Dark brown, obscurely varied with pale olive ; prothorax with

a few black spots and about five tubercles on its disc; elytra pro-

duced at the shoulder, and slightly crested, with few punctures ;

antenne and legs black, except a small pale olive ring at the base

of all the joints of the former, except the first, and the basal three

quarters of the last tarsal joint, which is fulvous ; abdomen beneath

dark, the sides brownish yellow.

Length 6 lines.

386 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

Hesycha Nyphonoides.

H. piceo-brunnea, fulvo-varia ; prothorace bituberculato ; elytris

macula obsoleta irregulari pone medium.

Para.

Pitchy reddish-brown, varied with small fulvous approximate

patches of pubescence, which rather below the middle of each

elytron are mixed with a little white, the fulvous patches behind

this being more distiuct, so as to give the appearance of a border

to the naked eye; prothorax with a slight tubercle on each side

the median line, the lateral spine small; antenne with the eighth

and following joints pale at the base.

Length 8 lines.

A certain similarity to Nyphona saperdoides suggests the name.

Hesycha albilatera.

H. fusca, griseo-varia; elytris lateribus albo-plagiatis.

Para.

Dark brown, sprinkled and blotched with a yellowish grey;

head as broad as the prothorax, which is cylindrical and slightly

toothed at the sides; elytra narrow, the base punctured, the

shoulders scarcely prominent, a large white lateral patch extending

two-thirds their length, and edged behind by a dark brown spot ;

antenne twice as long as the body(¢); spine of the anterior

coxe slender, incurved.

Length 7 lines.

Airenea terrena.

/E. fusca, hirsuta, dense griseo-pubescens ; antennis linearibus,

ciliatis.

Para.

Dark brown, with a short, dense, grey pubescence, and setulose

hairs everywhere interspersed ; tarsi, last five or six joints of

thé antenne, and spot on each side near the scutellum, common

to elytra and prothorax, dark brown; antennz ciliated, nearly as

long as the body, and, except the first and last joints, of nearly

equal thickness throughout. ‘

Length 33 lines.

Mirenea cognata.

fZ. fusco-cinnamomea; occipite, prothoracis disco, scutello,

antennisque fulvo-brunneis, elytris macula obliqua laterali

tarsisque albidis ; femoribus, tibiisque variegatis.

Para.

Dark cinnamon brown, front white ; back of the head, disc of

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 37

the prothorax, scutellum and antennz fulvous brown; elytra

sparingly punctured, a large oblique band-like spot at the side

meeting at the suture; legs varied with pale zig-zag ritigs, tarsi

white ; beneath dark brown, shining.

Length 6 lines.

Allied to 4. trigona.

Leiopus suffusus.

L. breviter ovatus, purpureo-niger, obscure cervino-varius ;

prothorace spina laterali postica ; elytris seriatim punctatis,

apice rotundatis ; femoribus clavatis.

Aru.

Shortly ovate, purplish black ; prothorax of a dull fawn-colour,

with a large dark spot on the disc, and a small lateral spine poste-

riorly; elytra regularly punctate, rounded at the apex, dark

purple, with blotches of a sordid fawn colour ; beneath dull grey-

ish; antennez and legs reddish brown, the former ciliated beneath,

the latter rather short.

Length 2 lines.

Exocentrus kamaticollis.

E. fuscus; prothorace sub-elongato, spina recurva longa

utrinque armato; elytris castaneo-cinereoque variegatis ; an-

tennis articulo basali ferrugineo.

Aru.

Dark chocolate brown ; prothorax slightly elongate, with a long

slender recurved spine on each side; elytra having at the shoulder

a large irregular patch of reddish brown, below this two oblique

wavy lines meeting at the suture, and another at the apex; an-

tennz ciliated beneath, its basal joint and base of the posterior

femora ferruginous.

Length 2} lines.

In some specimens the white marks are nearly obliterated, but

the remarkable thoracic spine will at once distinguish the species.

Exocentrus hispidulus.

E. niger, pubescens, setulosus ; prothorace transverso, utrinque

fortiter spinoso; elytris fulvo-subtessellatis plagisque variis ;

antennis articulis basi testaceis.

Aru.

Dull black, pubescent, with long setulose hairs clothing the upper

surface and antennz; prothorax with a broad fulvescent stripe on

each side above, and having a strong triangular recurved spine at

38 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

the side; elytra rather broad, sub-tessellated with fulvescent,

and having three or four irregular patches of the same colour;

antennz with the base of nearly all the joints testaceous.

Length 3 lines.

Exocentrus inclusus.

E. griseus, setulosus; capite fusco, prothorace transverso utrin-

que angulato; elytris pone medium fascia fuscescente flexuosa

ornatis ; antennarum articulis basi pallidis.

Natal.

Greyish pubescent clothed with long setulose hairs, but princi-

pally on the elytra, where they arise from round naked spots in

the pubescence; prothorax transverse, the side triangularly

dilated, but not spined; elytra with a pale brown flexuous line,

like the letter M, behind the middle; antenne with the bases of

the joints paler.

Length 23 lines.

Gyaritus levicollis.

G. piceo-fuscus, pubescens, crinitus ; prothorace levi, gibbo-

sulo ; elytris muticis, cinereo-variis, fascia obliqua lata basali

et plag4 laterali, apicem versus, cinereis.

Aru,

Pitchy brown, pubescent, with long, slender, erect, dispersed

hairs; prothorax rounded, smooth, slightly raised in the middle ;

elytra unarmed, pitchy, with a broad oblique band from below the

shoulder, forming, with its fellow, a V-shaped mark, and a large

lateral patch at the posterior third, cinereous; under surface pitchy ;

antenne with a few stiffish hairs.

Length 23 lines.

The generic characters of Gyaritus will require to be enlarged

to include this species; it will still, however, be distinguished

from Pogonocherus and its allies by the tumid joints of the an-

tenne, and from Phlyarus by the simple tibiz.

Nyphona Bakewellii.

N. picea, sparse pubescens; capite prothoraceque griseatis ;

elytris nigro-viridibus, plagé media (albo-varia) maculisque

griseis irroratis.

Australia (Moreton Bay).

Rather short, pitchy, covered witha dark-green pubescence varied

with grey: head and prothorax at the sides entirely grey ; elytra

obscurely spotted with grey, in the middle of each two or three

approximate spots, below which is a white one, the whole having

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 39

the appearance of an oblique patch; legs and antenne with sparse

greyish hairs.

Length 5 lines.

This and the two next—pullata and insularis—differ in the

smoother prothorax from the typical N. saperdoides, but in

another species from Aru, in Mr. Wallace’s private collection,

obviously congeneric, the prothorax rises into three longitudinal

crests.

I have dedicated this species to R. Bakewell, Esq., whose re-

searches in Australia have added a great number of new species to

our lists, especially among the Hymenoptera.

Nyphona putlata.

N. oblonga, picea, punctata, pube pallide-grisea sparse tecta ;

elytris sub-parallelis plaga media, maculisque cinereis, obscure

irroratis.

Aru.

Oblong, pitchy, coarsely punctured, sparingly covered with a

pale greyish pubescence; elytra nearly parallel for about two-

thirds of their length, then gradually contracting and rounded at -

the apex, with an obscure greyish patch on the middle of each,

and several small spots of the same colour (but all formed by —

denser and longer pubescence) scattered over their surface.

Length 63 lines.

Nyphona insularis.

N. picea, punctata, hirsutula, pube fulvida sparse tecta; elytris

brevibus sub-parallelis, fascia pone medium irregulari, obliqua,

sub-grised, fulvaque varia.

Sumatra? Aru. .

Pitchy, coarsely punctured, with a sparse fulvous pubescence

slightly varied with greyish, and mixed with short stiffish hairs ;

elytra rather short, the sides nearly parallel, behind the middle an

irregular oblique greyish band having on it patches of fulvous ;

beneath greyish hairy.

Length 5 lines.

My specimens of this species were originally in the collection of

the Zoological Society, without a locality, but derived apparently

from Sir S, Raffles; they prove to be identical with a single spe-

cimen from Aru.

Coptops nanus.

C. griseo-pubescens, maculis fusco-brunneis irroratis ; elytris

sub-trifasciatis ; antennis pedibusque annulatis.

Aru.

40 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

Rather short, with a pale greyish pubescence, and sprinkled

with small brown spots, the elytra presenting three imperfect

facize of the same colour; antennz with the upper part of each

joint dark brown; legs varied, the tarsi darker; under surface

dark brown.

Length 43 lines.

Mesosa columba.

M. pallide-fuscescens; prothorace disco, punctis quatuor et

plaga laterali, fuscis ; elytris disperse-punctatis, maculis tribus

fuscis, albo-submarginatis, longitudinaliter dispositis ; anten-

nis pedibusque fuscis, grisescente-annulatis.

Ceylon.

Pale greyish-brown ; prothorax with four spots (two anterior

and two posterior), and a patch at the side beneath, dark brown;

elytra punctured with three brown spots placed longitudinally, and

more or less bordered with white, and two or three very obscure

marks—brown and white—at the side ; antenne dark brown, the

base of all the joints, from the third inclusive, greyish white; legs

varied with dark-brown and pale-greyish; under surface dull

grey.

Length 6 lines.

Penthea conferta.

P. picea, pube fusco-grised tecta; corpore supra, femoribus,

antennarum articulo primo, granulis numerosis nitidissimis,

aspersis ; elytris singulis pone medium plaga obliqua obscuré

cinerea ornatis, apice truncatis.

Aru.

Pitchy, covered with a thick greyish-brown pile, and having the

whole of the upper surface, including the first joint of the antennze

and femora, furnished with numerous glossy black granules, each

having at its base, posteriorly, a short stiff hair; elytra truncate

at the apex, behind the middle an oblique, obscure, cinereous

patch; mesosternum with a small vertical tooth.

Length 10 lines.

This has quite the habit of P. granulosa, Guér,

Symphyletes metutus.

S. robustus, fuscus, ochraceo-griseoque variegatus ; elytris sub-

quadricarinatis, apiculatis ; coxis tibiisque anticis maris cal-

caratis.

Aru.

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 41

Robust, dark-brown, varied with ochre and grey; on the head

fine ochreous lines, round the eye, on the front, &c.; the pro-

thorax irregularly tumid, slightly spined anteriorly at the side,

varied with obscure ochraceous ; elytra broad at the shoulder,

gradually diminishing to the apex, which is truncate, the outer

angle forming an obtuse process, the base with several black

shining granules and coarsely punctured below, each elytron with

four slightly elevated lines, the marginal only reaching the apex,

the side having four or five light greyish patches, varied slightly

with ochreous, which by their confluence form a large semicircular

blotch, with the convexity towards the suture ; a patch also, com-

posed in the same manner of light grey and ochreous, bound the

scutellum, and a third smaller one below common to both elytra;

antenne and legs with small spots of grey; anterior coxz of the

male armed in front with a large curved spine nearly the length of

the former; the tibiz also with a very strong spine internally ;

the antennz not fringed.

Length 12 lines.

This fine species has not the terminal joint of the antenne

curved at the apex as in S. pedicornis and the more typical

species.

Symphyletes sodalis.

S. piceus, griseo-pubescens, luteo-irroratus ; prothorace sub-tri-

tuberculato ; elytris basi granulatis punctatisque, apice ro-

tundatis, plaga laterali, fascia dentata pone medium, maculis-

que apicem versus, albidis.

Australia (Moreton Bay),

Very like S. maculicornis, which, however, is narrower; the

thorax scarcely tuberculate, but rather ridged transversely ; the

granulations and punctures at the base of the elytra less evident,

being almost buried in the pubescence.

Length 12 lines.

Golsinda infausta.

G. niger; prothorace dorso bigibboso; elytris rugosis rude

punctatis, humeris productis granulatis, basi apiceque, griseo-

pubescentibus.

Borneo.

Dull blackish-brown, lower part of the face and cheeks, and

spot behind the eye greyish; prothorax gibbous on each side, the

42 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

median line with four or five small tubercles and several minute

granules on each; elytra rather short, coarsely punctured, the

humeral angle produced, with a few granulations at its side, and

between it and the scutellum two strong spines, the basal half and

apical third with a greyish pubescence, the intermediate portion

forming a sort of band ; beneath and two first tarsal joints varied

with grey.

In this species the male has the little apical knob at the sixth

joint; in G. reticulata and tessellata it is at the seventh; in G.

corallina it is not present.

Meton granulicollis.

M. piceus, griseo-pubescens ; prothorace lateribus minute spi-

nosis, antice utrinque granulatis, fusco-bivittato ; elytris fusco-

maculatis, apicem versus griseo-fasciatis.

Aru.

Pitchy, with a greyish pubescence, a broad dark stripe behind

the eye and along the side of the prothorax, which has a small

lateral spine and many small granulations at the side in front ;

elytra rather narrow, tuberous and granulated at the base, spotted

with dark brown, a pale greyish band towards the apex; first and

second joints of the antenne, lower part of the tibia, last tarsal

joint and claws black; palpi testaceous ; beneath with a greyish

pile; antenne nearly twice as long as the body.

Length 53 lines.

This new genus, which differs from Monohammus in its clavate

femora, will be described in a future part.

Monohammus commixtus.

C. griseo-brunneus; capite prothoraceque obscure nigro-vitta-

tis; elytris singulis plagis iateralibus obliquis, albidis, irregu-

lariter nigro-marginatis.

Ceylon.

Greyish-brown, approaching to fawn colour; head and pro-

thorax obscurely striped with black, the latter sharply spined at

the side; elytra sparingly and coarsely punctured, biapiculate,

with two oblique white patches on the outer margin irregularly

bounded above and below with dull black blotches and spots ;

antenne dark-brown (last joint wanting).

The mesosternum is strongly produced, but the habit is that of

Monohammus.

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 43

Cereopsius patronus.

C. fuscus ; capite prothoraceque lineis obscure ochraceis orna-

tis ; scutello fulvo ; elytris albis, tertio basali et plaga laterali

pone medium, fuscis ; antennis longissimis.

Ceylon.

Brown, densely pubescent; prothorax strongly spined, and

with the head variously marked with dull ochreous lines; elytra

strongly crested at the base, the shoulders produced, the basal

third and a large external sub-triangular patch below the middle

(the former slightly varied with ochreous) dark-brown, the re-

mainder of the elytra nearly a pure white ; scutellum fulvous ;

legs and underneath a pale ochreous brown; antenne very long.

Length 9 lines.

The specimen wants the three last joints of the antennae,

what remains is about twice the length of the body.

Cereopsius histrio.

C. niger; capite prothoraceque vittis, elytris maculis albis,

ornatis, his fortiter biapiculatis.

ATU,

Black, with lines and patches of white hairs; front and cheeks

white; on the prothorax five longitudinal stripes; each elytron

with two principal spots, one before—the other behind—the middle,

with a few smaller ones interspersed, all very distinct ; antenne

with the base of the third and fourth joints, and nearly the whole

of the sixth, white; legs varied; under surface at the sides

spotted with white.

Length 4 lines.

OsTEDES.

Head broad, elongate behind; face very short; eyes large,

lateral, emarginate ; mandibles small; labrum narrow, entire, elon-

gate; palpi slender, pointed; antennz distant, longer than the

body, setaceous, the first joint moderate, the third and fourth

longest; prothorax longer than wide, rough, the sides armed ;

elytra scarcely wider than the thorax, narrowed towards the apex ;

legs rather slender; femora clavate, the anterior and intermediate

coxe large, the first tarsal joint elongate.

I am not satisfied as to the affinities of this insect. Its habit

suggests Monohammus— M. proletarius for example —but the elon-

gated tarsi are not usual among that portion of the Lamide ; it

has, moreover, a strong resemblance to some of the Cerambycide.

A second species is found in Amboyna.

44 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

Ostedes pauperata. (PI. II. fig. 1.)

O. brunneo-picea, hirsutula ; prothorace quadrituberculato ;

elytris basi plumiferis, canis, lateribus fusco-variis.

Aru.

Reddish brown, inclining to pitchy, more or less furnished with

short setulose black hairs; prothorax with a stout tubercle at

the side, and two smaller ones on the disc ; elytra remotely punc-

tured, slightly crested near the base, the crest crowned with a few

stiff hairs, and abruptly divaricate and pointed at the apex, whitish

grey, the sides with an irregular brown patch, and spotted with

the same colour; legs and beneath with a sparse cinereous pile ;

femora varied with grey and brown, lower half of the tibia, and

three last tarsal joints, dark brown; pro- and mesosterna simple.

Length 6 lines.

Cacia triloba.

C. picea, parce pubescens ; prothorace vittis quinque, scutello

elytrisque maculis, subfasciatis dispositis, flavis, macul4 com-

muni basali trilob4; antennis nigris, articulo quarto basi

albo; pedibus variegatis.

Ceylon.

Pitchy black, covered with a thin greyish pubescence, with

stripes and spots of pale fulvous yellow; prothorax with a central

and two lateral lines; elytra sparingly punctured, with an irregular

spot, resembling the letter M, at the shoulder, a trilobed patch,

common to both, at the scutellum, and two bands below, formed

each by a double line of spots more or less distinct ; antennz

shorter than the body, black, basal half of the fourth joint dull

white ; legs and beneath yellowish, varied with dark brown.

Length 7 lines.

Olenocamptus clarus.

O. ater, pube nived densissime tectus ; capite, prothorace, ely-

trisque maculis atris ornatis; pedibus brunneis; antennis

testaceis, articulis tertié quartdque scabris.

China Borealis.

Black, covered with a very dense snowy-white pubescence, and

spotted with black ; on the head, one spot behind the eye and five

posteriorly on the prothorax (two, sometimes united, on the median

line, and two or three at the side), and on each elytron three placed

longitudinally ; legs light brown, sparingly pubescent; antenne

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 45

testaceous, the third and fourth joints scabrous; beneath with a

black spot on the side of each abdominal segment.

Length 5—7 lines.

Differs from all the other species of this genus in the simple,

not corrugated prothorax.

Callia chrysomelina.

C. sub-depressa, purpureo-cerulzea ; capite, thorace, antennarum

articulo primo basi, femoribusque (apice excepto) luteis, reli-

quis (antennis pedibusque) nigris.

Para.

Rather depressed ; head, thorax, first joint of the antennz at

the base, and femora, except at the apex (in the post-femora

almost entirely), luteous yellow; elytra rather broad, thickly

punctured, purplish blue, clothed with short stiff obliquely-set

black hairs; rest of antenna, legs, and points of the mandibles,

black ; abdomen beneath steel blue.

Length 43 lines,

Serville is probably in error in describing the eyes of this genus

as being entire; they are very deeply and decidedly emarginated

in this and other species which I have examined.

Ivlea proxima.

I. rufo-testacea ; oculis mandibulisque nigris; antennis longis,

articulo quarto apice, et sequentibus fuscis.

Ceylon.

Reddish testaceous, sparingly pubescent; eyes and mandibles

black ; antennz twice the length of the body, the fourth joint at

the apex, and remainder blackish brown.

Length 4 lines.

Near J. prolata, but the prothorax narrower, and the elytra

wider and less pubescent.

Tolea histrio.

I. fusca, pubescens ; prothorace duabus, elytris basi et maculis

utrinque duabus (quarum una perampla) apiceque fulvis ;

subtus pedibusque testaceis ; metathorace lateribus macula

nigra lunari ornato.

Ceylon.

Coarsely pubescent, dark brown, becoming gradually lighter

posteriorly ; prothorax and elytra with well-defined fulvous

46 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

yellow patches, one on each side of the former, and on the latter

one very large at the base, and another nearly as large and some-

what oblique rather below the middle, and in each case uniting at

the suture with its fellow, between these a smaller spot, and

another, crescent-shaped, near the apex; body beneath, and legs

testaceous ; a black lunar mark on each side of the metathorax ;

antenne fulvous, with the two first and tips of the other joints

black.

Length 43 lines.

Differs in coloration from all others in this genus.

Astathes externa.

A. flava, nitida; elytris vix carinatis, subtilissime punctatis,

plaga exteriori sub-humerali, violacea ; metathorace macula

magna laterali, nigricante.

India.

Pale yellow, head and prothorax darker; elytra with a very

faint trace of two carinz very minutely punctured, and towards

the shoulder externally a large rich violet patch; antenne darker

at the apex; metathorax with a blackish spot on each side;

eyes and mandibles black.

Length 6 lines.

Besides colour, &c., differs from 4. splendida in its minute

punctuation.

Astathes decipiens.

A. flava, nitida; elytris quadricarinatis vix punctatis, dimidio

basali violaceis ; metathorace lateribus oculisque nigris, his,

parte inferiori, rotundatis.

Sumatra.

Pale yellow, inclining to orange on the head and prothorax ;

elytra with short stiff hairs, scarcely punctate, except at the base,

with four raised lines, the two nearest the suture strongly marked,

the basal half rich violet; side of the metathorax with a blackish

patch ; antennz with the four last joints, mandibles, and eyes

black, the latter having the inferior portion round,

Length 6 lines.

Closely allied to 4. splendida, F., but rather broader, the elytra

almost free from punctures, except at the base, the hairs coarser,

the raised lines more strongly developed, and the lower portion of

the eye almost perfectly round; in A. splendida, too, the antenne

are darker to.a much greater extent.

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 47

Astathes divisa.

A. flavo-aurantiaca, nitida; elytris bicarinatis, reticulato-punc-

tatis, parte basali (suturo excepto) violaceis; tibiis apice,

tarsisque, fuscatis.

India.

Dark orange yellow, lighter beneath; elytra with two strongly

raised lines, and near the external margin a slight trace of another,

hairy, punctured, the punctures towards the apex very large and

having a reticulated appearance, the basal half rich violet, not ex-

tending, however, to the suture; antenne with the eight last joints

testaceous, darker towards the apex; lower part of the tibiz and

tarsi brownish; eyes and mandibles black.

Length 63 lines.

This is also allied to 4. splendida, F., but the -punctuation has

the reticulated character of 4. nitens, F. A. Daldorfii, Ill. (Wiede-

mann, Arch. fur Zoologie, iv. p. 136) certainly includes three

species, of which this, or 4. splendida, may be one.

Notolophia dispersa.

N. picea, dense griseo-tomentosa, parce hirsuta; prothorace

bituberculato; elytris basi cristatis, fusco-variis, apice rotun-

datis.

Australia Borealis.

_ Pitchy, covered with a short thick woolly whitish grey pube-

scence, with several slender nearly erect hairs scattered over every

part of the insect, black on the upper parts, but white at the sides

and on the antenne and legs; prothorax with two tubercles in the

middle ; elytra sparingly punctured at the base, a plumose crest

between the shoulder and scutellum, a large brown patch behind

the shoulder inclosing the crest, and a crescent-shaped line below

the middle of the same colour, the grey above this being of a

lighter shade than elsewhere; antennz rather short, dark brown,

obscurely annulated with grey ; base of the palpi testaceous, last

joints and mandibles pitchy; eyes black. British Museum.

Length 5 lines.

Notolophia variabilis.

N. picea, pubescens, fusco griseoque-varia ; prothorace integro ;

elytris singulis tricristatis (una basali, alteris pone medium)

apice truncatis.

Aru.

Pitchy, with a short dense pubescence, varying from pale grey

48 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

to different shades of brown, the colouring much less distinct in

some individuals than in others; prothorax rather transverse,

convex, quite entire; each elytron with two raised lines, on the

innermost of which are seated three crests, one at the base, one

directly behind the middle, and the third on the declivity towards

the apex, the first of these crowned with short hairs, apex trun-

cate; palpi testaceous.

Length 5 lines.

There are four other species of this genus from Aru in Mr.

Wallace’s private collection.

Sthenias Bondi.

S. pubescens, roseo-griseus; capite, prothorace, elytrisque basi,

fusco-Vvittatis, his fascié mediana triangulari (apice scutellum

versus) tarsisque fuscis.

India.

Pubescent, greyish with a delicate rose-coloured tint; stripes

over the head, thorax, and basal third of the elytra brownish, the

first begins over and between the eyes, and as it passes to the

elytron divides into two, the other at the side expands on the

shoulder into a broad patch, below this and with the apex towards

the scutellum, a triangular brownish band ; tarsi brown,

Length 8 lines.

Dedicated to Frederick Bond, Esq., one of our members, to

whom I am indebted for this and many other interesting insects.

PHEMONE.

Head rather large; eyes small, emarginate ; palpi elongate, slen-

der, acuminate; labrum produced, narrower anteriorly, covering

the mandibles; antennz setaceous, longer than the body in the male,

the third joint longest, the rest gradually decreasing ; prothorax

broader behind ; elytra depressed; legs robust, tarsi with the

three first joints short and very broad in both sexes; pro- and

mesosterna produced.

Proposed for my Apomecyna frenata (Trans. Ent. Soc. N.S. iv.

p. 107), a species which, from its antennae, tarsi and other cha-

racters, cannot be retained in that genus.

Phemone frenata. (PI. II. fig. 5.)

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 49

ATHEMISTUS.

Head rather small, the front broad, quadrate, smooth ; antennz

distant, shorter than the body, the third joint longest ; eyes small,

deeply emarginate, embracing the base of the antenne; labrum

short; palpi long, slender, acuminate; prothorax irregular, sub-

quadrate, spined at the side; elytra convex, somewhat compressed,

broadest at the middle; legs moderate; femora subclavate ;

tibiz simple; tarsi not dilated, the first joint of the posterior

longer than the rest ; pro- and mesosterna not produced.

The type of this genus is Parmena rugosula, Guér. Microtragus,

White, its nearest ally, differs in its approximate antenne, nearly

entire eye, narrow and rounded front, and obliquely deflexed

occiput.

Apomecyna nigrita,

A. fusca, opaca; capitis fronte bigibbosis; prothorace con-

fertim, elytris fortiter punctatis, his basi subcristatis, apice

emarginatis, utrinque plagis duabus obsoletis.

Australia Borealis.

Dark brown, opaque; two raised points between the eyes;

prothorax thickly punctured, slightly narrowed behind; elytra

coarsely punctured, the base slightly crested, the apex emarginate,

the outer angle pointed, and having on each, laterally, two large

almost obsolete patches; the antenne are not perfect, but appear

to be rather longer than is usual in this genus. British Museum,

Length 5 lines.

The insect resembles a worn specimen of A. histrio, F.

Hathlia grammica.

H. obscure albo-pubescens; capite, prothoraceque grisescente

nebulosis, hoc rude punctatis ; elytris lineis angustis griseis,

longitudinaliter dispositis.

Australia Borealis.

Pubescent, dull white; head and prothorax obscurely clouded

with greyish, the latter coarsely but not closely punctured, and as

broad behind as the base of the elytra; scutellum very transverse ;

elytra slightly punctured, principally at the base, broadest in the

middle and having each about six narrow longitudinal greyish

brown lines, but not quite reaching to the apex, which is rather

abruptly pointed; antennz darker towards the end; the legs and

underneath of a dirty white ; mandibles and eyes black. British

Museum.

Length 8 lines.

VOL. V. N. Ss. PART Il, MAY, 1859. E

50 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

Hathlia murina.

H. pallide-murina pubescens ; prothorace vix punctato; elytris

parce punctatis, pilis elongatis aspersis.

Australia Borealis.

Pubescent, pale yellowish grey ; head with a depressed line

between the eyes; prothorax broadest posteriorly, scarcely punc-

tured; elytra sparingly punctured, with two indistinct lines on

each, the sides rather lighter in colour; under surface and legs

dull white; antennez darker towards the end, and annulated with

grey. British Museum.

Length 5 lines.

Mr. Thomson proposes to substitute Mycerinus for Hathlia,

which he says has been previously used for a genus of Lamelli-

cornes: but Athlia is, I think, the word referred to. The genus

has, hitherto, been found in Australia in the north only, but it

occurs also in India and in Senegal.

Hathlia procera.

H. elongata, grisea; prothorace rugoso, subcylindrico; elytris

parallelis, basi confertim, postice seriatim punctatis, obscure

albo-nigroque variegatis, apice truncato; antennis setaceis,

corpore longioribus.

Ceylon.

Elongate, greyish ; prothorax subcylindrical, rough, with coarse

punctures ; elytra parallel for about three quarters of their length,

cylindrical, thickly punctured at the base, the punctures in rows

towards the apex, which is truncate, the surface obscurely varied

with black and white, behind the middle a larger patch, principally

white predominating ; scutellum transverse ; antenng setaceous,

longer than the body.

Length 63 lines.

The habit is somewhat different from the true Hathlie, and in

some respects approaching Ropica. ‘The true distinction between

Hathlia and Apomecyna appears to be in the antennee, which in the

former are setaceous, and as long or longer than the body, whilst

in the latter they are very short, and after the first joint of nearly

equal thickness throughout, but in neither genus are the species

homogeneous.

Ropica incana.

R. sub-depressa, canescente-tomentosa ; elytris seriatim punc-

tatis, singulis plaga fusca, apicem versus, ornatis.

Aru.

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 51

Rather depressed, pitchy brown, covered with a very pale grey

tomentose pubescence ; prothorax narrower in front, finely punc-

tured ; elytra regularly punctured, each with a dark brown

oblique sub-apical patch, nearly meeting at the suture.

Length 5 lines.

Ropica stigmatica.

R. sub-depressa, fusca, obsolete griseo-vittata; elytris seriatim

punctatis, plagd sub-mediand communi grisea, maculisque

duabus albis; antennis, palpis, pedibusque ferrugineis.

Aru.

Rather depressed, dark brown, with faint greyish interrupted

irregular stripes ; prothorax sparingly punctured; elytra with the

punctures in rows, a large pale greyish blotch at about the middle,

extending towards the apex, and common to both, in which on

each side are two white spots; beneath dark brown or black, with

a sparse greyish pile ; antenna, palpi, and legs dull ferruginous.

Length 3 lines.

Ropica varipennis.

R. fusca, disperse punctata, griseo-variegata ; elytris basi ter-

tiaque terminali pallide fulvis, hac macula semicirculari alba

ornata, disco ante medium cinereo; antennis annulatis.

Aru.

Dark brown, with a short greyish pubescence, varied with

cinereous and buff; prothorax rather short, finely punctured, dull

cinereous ; elytra more coarsely punctured, greyish, with the base

buff, the middle occupied by a cinereous patch and rather more of

the terminal third buff again, within this a semicircle of pure

white, below which, and also at the lines where the buff meets the

grey, chocolate brown; beneath greyish brown; mandibles and

palpi pitchy.

Length 23 lines.

Ropica preusta.

R. griseo-fusca; prothorace disco, lateribusque infra, sub-

seriatim punctato; elytris acuminatis, rude punctatis, macula

exteriori, ante apicem, picea.

Ceylon.

Greyish brown; head and prothorax roughly punctured, in the

latter in four principal rows, with several others crowded irre-

52 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

cularly beneath at the sides; elytra acuminate, rather depressed,

coarsely punctured in rows, with a pitchy oblong oval spot at

the outer margin near the apex.

Length 4 lines.

Colobothea longimana.

C. obscure-cervina, fulvo-nigroque varia; antennis pedibusque

fuscis, pro-femoribus pro-tibiisque longissimis, his intus spi-

nulosis.

Brasilia (Espiritu Santo).

Dull cervine, with an obscure mingling of fulvous and black

spots and patches; on the prothorax the fulvous very slight, four

black spots on its dise and three or four more on each side; on

the elytra the black assumes somewhat the form of three irregular

and interrupted bands, more or less bordered with fulvous ; be-

neath with a greyish pubescence; legs and antenne dark brown,

the latter with its joints slightly annulated with cinereous ; pro-

femora and pro-tibize very long, the latter with eight or nine small

spines beneath ; humeral angle produced.

Length 63 lines.

This is a remarkable species, and might be, perhaps, considered

the type of a new genus.

Colobothea Fryi.

C. atra; capite supra, prothorace, elytrisque vittis duabus albis

communibus apicem versus ad fasciam connexis ; antennarum

articulo sexto annulato.

Para.

Rather narrow, black ; a white line in front, which on the top of

the head divides into two, and, passing over the thorax and elytra,

unite by two or three slight branches with each other and with a

fascia near the apex, which has a fringe of the same colour; under

surface with a greyish pubescence, and having a broad white stripe

extending from below the eye to the fourth abdominal segment,

the seventh being entirely black; two first joints of the middle

and posterior tarsi cinereous; basal half or more of the sixth an-

tennal joint white.

Length 83 lines.

This well-marked and handsome insect is dedicated to Alex-

ander Fry, Esq., F.L.S., &c., who has made an unusually fine

collection of Brazilian insects of all orders, at Rio. To him I owe

my earliest specimens, which, having contributed to relieve the

monotony of a long voyage, gave me a first taste for Entomology.

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 53

Colobothea luctuosa.

C. nigra; capite vittis tribus, prothorace quinque, elytris sin-

gulis duabus, una humerali, alteraé medio-suturali, ochraceis,

his fascia apicali, macula, tertid terminali, antennarum arti-

culis quarto sextoque basi, albis.

Para.

Dull black, a pale ochreous stripe from the top of the head

over the prothorax, and another on each side which extends over

the third of the elytra, between the latter and towards the apex

a fine line of the same colour close to the suture, the apex and

spot between it and the outer stripe white; side of the prothorax

and mesothorax dull white; abdomen, except the two last seg-

ments, greyish; fourth and sixth antennal joints white at the

base.

Length 43 lines.

Anomesia dolosa.

A. picea, pubescens, obscure-cinerea, griseo-fuscoque variegata ;

antennis subannulatis.

Natal.

Pitchy, with a dense pale cinereous pubescence, obscurely

varied with greyish and brown; antennze with the three first

joints and the upper half of the remainder pale brown.

Length 4 lines.

In the description of this genus (Trans. Ent. Soc., N. S., iv.

p- 255) I omitted to mention the slight projection at the side of

the prothorax, which is rather exaggerated in the figure, and is

even less evident in this species.

Saperda funesta.

M. picea, punctata, disperse hirsuta, griseo-irrorata ; antennis

sub-annulatis.

Australia (Adelaide).

Pitchy, inclining to olivaceous black, with a few short stiff

hairs and small greyish spots scattered over the upper surface, but

principally confined to the elytra, which are thickly and coarsely

punctured ; antenne with the fourth, fifth and sixth joints with an

obscure greyish ring at their bases; front of the head and under

part greyish.

Length 4 lines.

Allied to Saperda paulla, Germ.

54 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

Amphionycha circumeincta.

A. hirsuta, pallide straminea; capite prothoraceque supra,

elytris basi, discoque chalybeo-nigris; antennis pedibusque

fusco-variis.

Flumen Amazon.

Rather short, hairy, pale straw yellow, with the upper part of

the head and prothorax, scutellum, base, and nearly the whole of

the elytra, except the pale yellow, which forms a complete border

around them, dark chalybeate blue; eyes, tips of the mandibles,

stripe on the upper edge of all the femora, tibiz and tarsi, a stripe

also on the first antennal joint, the second and third, except a

small line below, and the whole of the seventh to the eleventh, dark

brown.

Length 4 lines.

The elytra of this remarkable species are bent at the sides as in

Hemilophus.

Glenea scapifera.

G. fulvo-pubescens ; prothorace vittis sextis, elytris utriusque

maculis quatuor, antennisque nigris ; pedibus testaceis ; abdo-«

mine pallido, nigro-maculato.

Ceylon.

Yellowish brown, with a lighter pubescence; prothorax with

six longitudinal stripes; elytra with one at the base and three

larger rounded spots on each, and antenne black ; legs testaceous ;

abdomen pale, spotted with black at the sides.

Length 5 lines.

Near G. quatuordecim-maculata, Hope.

Glenea commissa.

G. nigro-chalybeata, nitida, vitta communi median4, prothorace

vitta utrinque, elytrisque duabus lateralibus albis.

Ceylon.

Shining steel black; a white hairy stripe, arising from under

each eye and uniting above, is continued over the prothorax and

along the suture to the apex of the elytra, another on each side of

the prothorax, and two at the side of each elytron ; under surface

pure white, with a stripe on each side of the thorax, and spots on

the abdomen steel black.

Length 7 lines.

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 55

Pachypeza simplex.

»P. sub-linearis, fusco-brunnea, punctata; elytris singulis vitta

grisea obliqua ornatis ; antennis simplicibus.

Para.

Narrow, the sides nearly parallel, except at the shoulder, mode-

rately punctured; prothorax quadrate; elytra with one long

oblique pale greyish stripe, extending from the shoulder to the

suture near the apex; antenne not hairy, the third, fourth and

fifth joints nearly equal.

Length 5 lines.

The antenne are rather more distant at the base than in

P. pennicornis, Germ., to which it is allied.

EsMtiA.

Head short in front; eyes lateral, slightly emarginate; palpi

unequal, slender, the terminal joint pointed ; antenne approxi-

mate, longer than the body, the first four joints very hairy and

much longer than the rest together ; prothorax unarmed, elongate,

narrow, the sides nearly parallel; elytra moderate, wider than

the thorax, rounded at the apex ; legs moderate, with the three

first tarsal joints short; mesosternum bilobed posteriorly.

Pachypeza, the nearest ally of this genus, differs in its shorter

(comparatively) and very robust legs, and in the antennz, which

are of the normal character; the eyes, too, are larger and more

frontal, and the head much deeper. In the species now to be

described, the first four joints of the antenne are twice the length

of the remainder.

Esmia turbata, (PI. Il. fig. 8.)

E. fusca, hirsutula, maculis elongatis, citrinis ornata; anten-

narum articulo quarto fulvo-annulatis ; corpore infra, pedi-

busque pallidis.

Para:

Pubescent, brown, with long scattered hairs and various elongate

spots of a pale lemon yellow on the upper surface, especially a

line from the vertex over the prothorax and along the suture,

interrupted in the middle of the elytra, and terminating in a patch

of the same colour at the apex ; upper part of the fourth antennal

joint, tarsi, face, cheeks and under surface pale yellowish.

Length 4 lines.

56 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

Whilst these sheets were passing through the press we received

the new species from Australia described below. The first five

were collected by Mr. Bakewell, at Melbourne; the remainder

were sent from Moreton Bay by Mr. Diggles.

Mecynopus semivitreus.

M. ferrugineus ; elytris postice sub-divergentibus, nitidis, ma-

culis duabus elongatis, testaceis; femorum basi, tarsisque

posticis albis.

Melbourne.

Ferruginous; head rather coarsely, prothorax more finely and

closely punctured, the latter sub-cylindrical, its dise with five

very slight tubercles; elytra broadest at the shoulder, slightly

contracted beyond the middle, diverging a little posteriorly, each

with two large, longitudinal, glassy, testaceous spots ; bases of the

femora and posterior tarsi white.

Length 43 lines.

The type of this genus is from Tasmania (JM. cothurnatus, Er.).

Tritocosma paradoxa.

T. atra, opaca; elytris rubris; antennarum articulis primis

tertiisque elongatis, valde clavatis, reliquis brevissimis.

Melbourne.

Black, opaque; prothorax finely corrugated, with four slight

tubercles on its disc, the side bluntly toothed, anterior and posterior

margins pale reddish; elytra pure red, tricostulate, the interstices

finely punctured ; antennze longer than the body, the first and

third joimts very long and much enlarged at their tips, the last

eight together not longer than the third; eyes pale; tibia and

tarsi tinged with red.

Length 5 lines.

I have seen two specimens of this singular insect, which is

allied to J. Roct, Hope.

Ischnotes Bakewellit.

I. nigrescens ; prothorace subtilissime punctato, lateribus con-

eavis ; elytris brunneis, creberrime punctatis.

Blackish brown ; head rather narrower than the prothorax, with

a raised line between the eyes, antenne much shorter than the

body, the first joint pitchy; prothorax minutely punctured, two-

thirds the length of the elytra, somewhat broader anteriorly, the

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 57

sides slightly concave; elytra narrow, parallel, brownish, thickly

but rather coarsely punctured; legs short, rufous brown; ab-

domen paler, with greyish hairs.

Length 6 lines.

Omotes erosicollis.

O. testaceus; prothorace rotundato, depresso, subtilissime

punctato, medio eroso; elytris fortiter punctatis.

Melbourne.

Testaceous; head small, very roughly punctate; prothorax

rounded, depressed, very finely punctured, scarcely longer than

broad, narrower anteriorly, the disc with a large shining erose,

coarsely punctured patch ; elytra parallel, with large closely set

punctures, having a short stiff hair arising from the base of each ;

abdomen smooth, with the three first segments pitchy.

Length 43 lines.

Pempsamacra vestita.

P. brunnea, squamis griseo-argenteis ; antennis brevibus, sub-

clavatis, fuscis, articulo quinque (apice except) albo; elytris

macula mediana fusca apice subrotundata.

Melbourne.

Brownish yellow, covered with silvery grey scales ; head nearly

as wide as the thorax; eyes rather small, deeply divided, black ;

antenne short, the last six joints much shorter and thicker than

the rest, the fifth white, except at the apex; prothorax longer

than wide, with an impressed line in the middle ; elytra depressed,

the angle formed by the depression terminating posteriorly in

a prominent tuberosity, the apex sub-truncate, a chestnut brown

spot in the middle of each; beneath silvery white.

Length 5 lines.

Lepidisia bimaculata, White, is Pempsamacra pygm@a, Newman.

Diotma.

Head small, expanded behind the eyes, which are large, oblong,

and nearly entire, labrum nearly covering the strongly curved

mandibles; maxillary palpi very long, the last joint dilated, trun-

cate ; antenne short, setaceous, the third joint longest. Prothorax

small, subquadrate, irregular. Elytra long, parallel, depressed,

rounded at the apex. Legs slender, coxz of the middle and an-

terior legs conical, approximate, their tibize spined at the end ;

tarsi narrow, the first joint lengthened.

This genus seems to belong to the Cerambycini, although there

are certain points which suggest an affinity to the Lepturide. I have

seen a male without antenne ; the description is from a female.

58 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

Diotima undulata. (PI. II. fig. 9.)

D. fusca, subsericeo-pubescens ; elytris fasciis tribus undulatis

olivaceo-testaceis.

Moreton Bay.

Dark brown, with a silky pubescence, underneath paler; head

small, narrower than the prothorax, which is slightly constricted

anteriorly and bulging out at the side; elytra broader than the

prothorax, tricostulate, projecting forwards at the shoulder, with

three zigzag brownish testaceous bands—the first basal, varied

and indistinct, the second in the middle, the third near the apex;

legs slender; scutellum small, triangular; abdomen soft.

Length 16 lines (?).

Psilomorpha-apicalis.

P. elongata, rufo-aurantiaca ; abdomine, oculis, antennis, pedi-

busque nigris; elytris apice chalybeatis.

Moreton Bay.

Elongate, slender, reddish orange; abdomen, eyes, antenne,

palpi and legs black; prothorax twice as long as wide; elytra

with three delicate cost, the interstices very finely punctured ;

apex chalybeate blue.

Length 5 lines.

Rhagiomorpha exilis.

R. ferrugineo-brunnea; prothorace lateribus sub-dentatis ; ely-

tris albo-bilineatis ; antennarum articulo tertio apice nigro-

fasciculato.

Moreton Bay.

Elongate, rusty brown; head minutely punctured, with a broad

dark brown front ; prothorax finely corrugated, slightly toothed

at the side; elytra narrow, tapering, with two lines of white hairs ;

antennee a little longer than the body, the hind joint with a tuft of

black hairs at the tip; underneath silvery white.

Length 6 lines.

The head is broader and the femora less clavate than in

R. lepturoides.

Tritocosmia Digglesi.

T. atra, nitida; elytris, femoribus anticis mediisque, rubro-

aurantiacis, illis apice chalybeatis.

Moreton Bay.

Deep glossy black, but the abdomen with a blueish tinge ;

elytra, fore and middle femora rich reddish orange, the former

with four coste, the interstices very closely and minutely punc-

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 59

tured, the apex chalybeate blue; prothorax with two tubercles on

its disc, with short thickset hairs, not always present however;

antenne sparingly pilose, the fifth and following joints dilated on

one side; third anterior tarsal joint narrower than the second.

Length 11 lines.

The tuft on the third antennal joint, which is supposed to cha-

racterise this genus, is deciduous.

Temnosternus dissimilis.

T. piceus, fulvescente-pubescens ; prothorace fortiter punctato,

transverso, utrinque dentato; elytris latioribus, medio-cari-

natis, acuminatis, profunde punctatis, albo-fuscoque variegatis.

Moreton Bay.

Dark brown, with a close fulvous pubescence; head greyish

white in front; prothorax transverse, strongly punctured, with a

broad, smooth, elevated, longitudinal line; elytra broader than

the thorax, coarsely punctured, keeled along the back, acuminate

at the apex, the sides at about the middle having a large brown

patch, bordered, except at the external margin, with white and

shading off into yellowish posteriorly, with a few spots of white

again; antenne, legs and body beneath greyish; middle of the

abdomen pitchy.

Length 7 lines.

Meton Digglesii.

* M. fuscus, grisescente-tomentosus; prothorace Jateribus for-

titer spinosis, fusco-bivittato; elytris apice macula sub-

ocellata ornatis.

Moreton Bay.

Dark brown, with a dense pale yellowish grey pile; a broad

dark stripe behind the eye and along the sides of the prothorax,

which has a strong lateral spine ; scutellum small, rounded ; elytra

much wider than the thorax, tuberous and granulated at the base,

smoky brown, darker towards the middle posteriorly, with a large

comma-shaped spot having a clear yellowish grey border; lower

third of the tibiae and tarsi varied with black.

Length 8 lines.

Symphyletes cinnamomeus.

S. fuscus, cinereo-pubescens, luteo-irroratus ; prothorace punc-

tato, disco tuberculis duobus ; elytris basi bicristatis, granu-

latis, apice bidentatis, fascia curvatd humerali brunnea, altera

Jata apicali.

Moreton Bay.

60 Mr. F. P. Pascoe’s Descriptions of New Genera

Dark brown, covered with short cinereous hairs and thickly

sprinkled with small reddish yellow spots; front of the head and

prothorax with large scattered punctures; elytra sparingly punc-

tured and granulated, the shoulders much produced, with two

crests, the outer formed by three large granules, the inner larger

and more tuberous, the two placed in a large brown curved band

passing behind the scutellum, and behind the middle another band

or patch, much broader and paler, and extending to the apex ;

eyes and mandibles black ; beneath pale brown.

Length 11 lines.

Rhytiphora polymita.

R. nigro-picea, tomento rufo alboque varia; elytris punctis

granulisque atris dispersis.

Moreton Bay.

Pitchy black, densely covered with short white hairs variously

mingled with red or dark orange; head with a few rough punc-

tures between the eyes; prothorax short, slightly corrugated and

obscurely banded with red; elytra with small black granulations

on the basal half and somewhat impressed spots on the remainder,

both invariably placed among the white portion of the colours,

and between which the red is intricately mingled; antenne sprinkled

with black, the tips of the joints more or less of the same colour ;

legs and undersurface clouded with red; mesosternum quadrate,

scarcely emarginate.

Length 14 lines.

Rhytiphora cretata.

R. nigro-picea, pube subtilissima tecta, lineis plagisque albo-

varia; infra albo-tomentosa.

Moreton Bay.

Pitchy black, scarcely pubescent; head nearly smooth, a white

patch on the cheek ; prothorax corrugated, with two principal lines

of white; elytra irregularly punctured, with a few granulations at

the base, and remotely blotched and spotted with white—one

blotch at the side below the shoulder, behind the middle four or

five patches forming a sort of oblique band, and towards the apex

two or three more but less distinct, at the base and along the

suture several spots—all formed by densely set, short, white hairs ;

antenne annulated with white; femora and beneath densely to-

mentose, white, sprinkled with black ; tibize with a reddish tinge ;

mesosternum deeply emarginate posteriorly.

Length 13 lines.

and Species of Longicorn Coleoptera. 61

Ropica E.xocentroides.

R. pallide fuscescens; prothoracis disco, scutelloque nigris ;

elytris basi tuberosis, fusco-nebulosis, tertia terminali pallida,

macula fusc&é communi maculisque duabus albis.

Moreton Bay.

Pale greyish brown; middle of the prothorax and scutellum

black ; elytra irregularly punctured, tuberous at the base, clouded

behind the middle, the terminal third pale, with two white spots

on each and a dark brown one common to both; antenn# annu~

lated ; posterior femora pale tawny.

Length 3 lines.

Allied to R. varipennis from Aru.

Microtragus Amycteroides.

M. obscuro-niger; prothorace ampliato, tuberculato, utrinque

spinoso; elytris: rugoso-punctatis, tuberculorum — seriebus

duabus tertia terminali vix attingentibus,

Moreton Bay.

Dull black; head very oblique above the eyes; antennze about

two-thirds the length of the body; prothorax large, broadest in

the middle, strongly toothed at the side, and very roughly and

irregularly tuberculate; scutellum very small; elytra convex,

sparingly but coarsely punctured, each with two rows of stout

prominent tubercles—external row with eight, the inner with six

and one at the shoulder, scarcely extending the apical third;

mesosternum narrower posteriorly, and slightly emarginate.

Length 10 lines.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES, PLATE II.

Fig. 1. Ostedes pauperata.

. Eroschema Poweri.

- Oxylymma lepida,

- Collyrodes Lacordairei.

. Phemone frenata.

+ Dystheta anomala.

. Thranius bimaculatus.

. Esmia turbata.

9. Diotima undulata.

CNIPHDUMNL WNW —

Nore.—At page 14, line 1, substitute Aspidomorpha for Coptocycla. Stenoderus

labiatus (page 24) is identical with Kirby’s S. Ceramboides, and this again is cer-

tainly only a variety of Olivier’s S. sutwralis. Mr. Thomson’s genus Nitocris

(Arch. Ent. Pt. 15, p. 198) corresponds to my Dirphya (ante, vol. iv. p. 262,

published the Sth April, 1858). The 15th part of the ‘“ Archives” had not

appeared up to the first of June in the same year.

2h Mr. F. Moore’s Monograph

Ill. A Monograph of the Genus Adolias, a Genus of

Diurnal Lepidoptera belonging to the Family Nympha-

lide. Sy Freperic Moore, Esq., Assist. Museum,

Hon. East Ind. Company.

[Read Oct. 5th, 1857.]

Brine engaged upon the present genus in the compilation of a

descriptive ‘‘ Catalogue of the Lepidopterous Insects in the

Museum of the Hon, East India Company,” and knowing that

many of the species of Adolzas described by the earlier authors

have not been thoroughly worked out, I have endeavoured in

the following pages to supply descriptions of some of those which

have, hitherto, been imperfectly identified, and also of the new

species contained in the various collections in this country, viz.,

from the Collections of the British Museum, Hon. East India

Company, Entomological Society of London, Hopean Collection

at Oxford, W. W. Saunders, Esq., J. O. Westwood, Esq., and

W. C. Hewitson, Esq., to whom my best thanks are due for the

kindness in allowing their specimens to be described in the fol-

lowing monograph.

Genus Apottas, Boisduval.

Adolias, Boisd. Spec. Gén. Lép. Planches, p. 2, t. 3, f. 2

(1836); Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewitson’s Di-

urnal Lep. p. 289.

Aconthea, Horsfield, Catal. Lep. Mus. East India Comp. t. 8,

f. 6 (1829).

Symphedra, Euthalia, Cymothoé (pt.), Hiibner.

Nymphalis (pt.), Godart.

Itanus, E. Doubleday, MS. (1847).

1. Adolias Aconthea, Cramer.

& ¢ Papilio Aconthea, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. t. 134, f. D. E.

o ENG. 254779):

Nymphalis Aconthea, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 383.

Cymothoé Aconthea, Hibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 39.

Adolias Aconthea, Boisduval, Spec. Gén. Lép. Planches, p. 2

t. 3, f. 2 (1836); E. Doubleday, List Lep. Brit. Mus.

pt. i. p. 103; Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewitson’s

Diurnal Lep. p. 291, n. I.

of the Genus Adolias. 63

$ Nymphalis Disconthea, Godart, Ene. Méth. ix. p. 384

(1819).

Aconthea primaria, Horsfield, Catal. Lep. Mus, E. I. C. t. 8,

f. 6 (1829).

Hab. Java.

In Collection of East India Company, British Museum, W. W.

Saunders, Esq., W. C. Hewitson, Esq.

Adolias Aconthea.—Male. Urrrrstpe dark glossy olive brown:

fore-wing with broad transverse indistinct band of irregular

shaped spots, suffused anteriorly, and along the margins with

black, the inner margin of these spots being convex, the outer

zigzag, with the point inward; markings at the base of wing

black : hind-nwing with inner zigzag narrow dark band, and outer

row of small black triangular spots; markings within discoidal cell

black. Unpersipe pale-brown, marked as above, but the fore-

ming with the transverse band whitish, patch at apex of both

wings whitish.

Female paler olive-brown: fore-ning with brownish white

band, suffused with dark brown on costal margin: hind-ning

with inner row of small brownish-white spots, and outer row of

triangular black spots; base of wings with black marks. UNpER-

SIDE pale brown, with band of fore-wing whitish ; hind-wing with

the inner row of whitish spots larger.

Expanse of male 23, female 2% inches.

The transformations of Adolias Aconthea are figured in the

** Catalogue of the Lepidopterous Insects in the Museum of the

East India Company,” plate 6, fig. 1, 1 a, discovered in Java by

Dr. Horsfield. Feeds on the Mango.

2. Adolias Parta, Moore. (PI. Ul. fig. 1, ¢, ¢.)

Adolias Parta, n. sp.—Male. Urrerstpe dark brown, with a

vinaceous tinge: fore-wing with a paler transverse band, margined

broadly on both sides with black, the anterior portion within, from

costal margin on both sides, with a series of small white patches ;

marks within discoidal cell black, with dark brown centres: hind-

ming with an inner blackish band and outer row of small black

spots. UnpersipE paler, marked as above.

Female. Uvversive pale brown: fore-wing with broad whitish

curved transverse band, with patch on costa and dark margins:

hind-ning with rather broad inner band, and outer zigzag line,

the point between each vein with a minute darker dot ; space be-

64 Mr. F. Moore’s Monograph

tween inner band and base tinged with white; marks at base of

wings blackish. Unpersipe pale dull ochreous, with paler mar-

gins; markings as above, but very indistinct.

Expanse of male 23, female 27 inches.

Hab. Borneo.

In Museum East India House and W. W. Saunders, Esq.

8. Adolias Garuda, Moore. (PI. III. fig. 2, $, 2.)

Adolias Garuda, n. sp—Male. Uprersinve glossy greenish-

brown: fore-ming with costal margin to its middle, a broad irre-

gular band from thence to posterior margin black, the latter bordered

exteriorly, anteriorly from costal vein with five white spots

(these spots being in some specimens more or less developed, and

in others nearly or quite obsolete) ; two small white spots on

costal margin, one-fourth from the apex; exterior margin and

submarginal band blackish ; within discoidal cell first a short line,

then two reniform marks, black: Aind-wing with curved dentate

blackish band from middle of anterior margin to near abdominal

margin; a submarginal row of small deep black spots; exterior

margin near anal angle blackish ; within discoidal cell some black

markings, and two small black spots without, one above, the other

below the cell. Unpersipg light-chocolate-brown, greyish to-

wards the base: fore-ming with black marks within discoidal cell

as above; and a small black spot below it; the row of five white

spots, and the two apical spots as above; from the latter across

the disc to posterior margin runs a narrow interrupted black

band; at the apex and along the exterior margin some bluish-

grey spots: hind-wing with four lines within discoidal-cell, a small

spot and two oval marks above, black ; an indistinct band across

the disc; submarginal row of black spots as above; a patch of

bluish-grey at anterior angle. Female pale brown, with a greenish

gloss. Upprrsipe with markings as in male, but less defined ;

the row of white spots of the fore-wing are larger, and the sub-

marginal row of black spots on the hind-wing are also larger than

in the male. Unpersipe as in that of the male, wings shaped as

in Adolias Aconthea.

Expanse of male 23, female 27 inches.

Hab. N. et S. India, Ceylon.

In Collection of East India Company, British Museum, W. W.

Saunders, Esq.; et W. C. Hewitson, Esq.

The transformations of 4. Garuda are figured among the ori-

ginal drawings of General Hardwicke in the British Museum,

of the Genus Adolias. 65

and are copied from these on plate 6, fig. 2, 2 a, of the East India

Company’s Catalogue of Lepidoptera. General Hardwicke states

that it feeds on Trophis aspera, and on a species of Bryonia.

4, Adolias Phemius, E. Doubleday. (PI. III. fig. 3, ¢, @.)

$ Itanus Phemius, E. Doubleday, MS.

Adolias Phemius, Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewitson’s

Diurnal Lep. p. 291,n. 13, t. 41, f. 4 (1850).

Hab. Darjeeling.

In Museum East India Company, British Museum.

Adolias Phemius.x—Male. Uprersipg dark brown: fore-wing

with indistinct black submarginal band, marks within discoidal

cell, and two spots and large patch below the cell; a series of

longitudinal narrow white lines tapering from costal margin near

the apex to middle of wing: hind-wing with basal two-thirds

blackish ; from anal angle curving broadly upward to above

middle of exterior margin light blue-green, the margin being

white, and a black line along the extreme exterior margin, which is

much dentated. Narrow ciliz white. Unpersipre dark brown,

paler at the base : fore-mwing with longitudinal white lines, discoidal

marks and black sub-marginal band as above: hind-ning with

black discoidal marks, indistinct blackish sub-marginal band ;

the bluish-green and white marginal band narrower, and with a

small black spot at anal angle; extreme margin black, with

narrow white ciliz.

Female. Urrrrsive olive-brown: fore-ning with black dis-

coidal markings; the series of longitudinal white lines wider than

in the male; transverse lines blackish; apex slightly suffused with

white. Underside pale brownish-buff, greyish at the base; dis-

coidal markings black ; longitudinal whitish lines more confluent

than above; apex of both wings tinged with white; transverse

lines as above, but outer one on hind- wing composed of spots.

Expanse of male 23 inches, female 34 inches.

5. Adolias Anosia, Boisduval, MS. (PI. V. fig. 1, #, 2-)

Adolias Anosia, n. sp—Male. UpprersipE dark ash-green,

with the anterior margin of hind-wing broadly pinky-brown : fore-

ning with broad transverse band of ashy-white irrorations ; black

markings within discoidal cell, and some below it bordered with

ashy-white irrorations: hind-wing with ashy-white irrorations on

lower part of the disc, bordering the discoidal marks, and a spot

VOL, V. N. S» PART IIl.—MAY, 18059. P

66 Mr. F. Moore’s Monograph

above and below the cell, also bordering a sub-marginal row of

black spots. Unprrsipr creamy-ash-colour, palest on the an-

terior half, which is covered with rather indistinct darker short

transverse striae, markings within and about discoidal cell black ;

on the hind-wing an indistinct sub-marginal row of black spots.

Female. UvrrrsipE paler ash-green than the male, exterior

margins brownish; markings disposed the same : fore-wing with a

curved row of five white spots from middle of costal margin; the

irrorated band paler and more clearly defined; an indistinct

inward oblique row of black spots from near apex to near

middle of posterior margin: hind-wing with indistinct black

curved band from middle of anterior to middle of abdominal

margin, also an indistinct sub-marginal row of black spots. Un-

DERSIDE paler than in the male, marked as upperside, with the

curved row of five spots bordered inwardly with dark brown ; the

indistinct oblique row of blackish spots from apex only to middle

of the disc, the lower part being suffused with dark brown; ex-

terior margin dark brown; hind-wing with indistinct inner band

and sub-marginal row of large dark brown spots. Anterior wing

in both sexes much faleated.

Expanse of male 23, female 3 inches.

Hab. N. India.

In Museum East India Company.

6. Adolias Alpheda, Godart. (PI. III. fig. 4, ¢, 2.)

Nymphalus Alpheda, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 384 (1819).

Adolias Alpheda, Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewitson’s

Diurnal Lep. p. 291, n. 20.

Hab. Java.

In Museum East India Company.

Adolias Alpheda may be distinguished by the male having the

upperside dark olive green, with a pinky tinge broadly on an-

terior margin of hind-wing, and by the deep greenish grey of the

underside, and having a greenish gloss over the anterior half of

the wings; also an indistinct white patch at and near the apex.

The female by the very broad whitish band of the upperside of

the fore-wing, and by the glaucous white underside, and ochreous

marking.

Expanse of male 23, female 2© inches.

3? =

of the Genus Adolias. 67

7. Adolias Adonia, Cramer.

? Papilio Adona, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii. t. 255, f. C. D.

(1782).

Euthalia Adonia, Hubner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 41.

Nymphalus Adonia, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 400.

Adolias Adonia, Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewitson’s Di-

urnal Lep. p. 291, n. 11.

$ Aconthea Lubentina, Horsfield, Catal. Lep. Mus. E. I. C.

t. 5, f. 5 (nec Cramer).

Hab. Java.

In Museum East India Company.

The female of Adolias Adonia may at once be distinguished

from that sex of 4. Lubentina, by having the broad white band

extending across the hind-wing, this being replaced in 4, Lu-

bentina by a row of small crimson spots.

8. Adolias Lubentina, Cramer.

2 Papilio Lubentina, Cramer, Pap. Exot. ii. t. 155, f. C. D.

(1779); Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. pt. 1, p. 121 (1793);

Donovan, Ins..of China, t. 36, f. E. $.

Euthaha Lubentina, Hibner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 41.

Nymphalis Lubentina, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 400.

Adolias Lubentina, Boisduval; E. Doubleday, List Lep. Brit.

Mus. pt. i. p.*103; Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewit-

son’s Diurnal Lep. p. 291, n. 10.

Hab. N. India, Ceylon.

The male of Adolias Lubentina is correctly figured by Donovan

and the female by Cramer.

The transformations of 4. Lubentina have been discovered by

A. Grote, Esq., of Calcutta, and will be figured in the Catalogue

of the Lepidoptera in ‘the Museum of the East India Compare

9. Adolias Kesava, Moore. (PI. Ill. fig. 5, $, @.)

Adohas Kesava, n. sp.—Male. Urrersipr dark dusky brown;

powdered across the disc with green. Unpersipe yellowish-

ochreous, more dusky about the margins, with black discoidal

marks ; two indistinct transverse blackish lines across the disc;

below discoidal cell of fore-wing a small patch of black. Female.

UpprrsipeE olive-brown : fore-wing with a transverse row of irre-

gular spots, the first and second long, third shortest, fourth and

fifth equal, but not so long as the two first, all indented on their

68 Mr. F. Moore’s Monograph

outer margin, with the point inward: hind-mwing with two blackish

transverse zigzag lines. Discoidal marks blackish. Unpxrstpr

ochreous, dusky about the margins: fore-ning marked as in

upperside, but with some suffused white at the apex, and a small

patch of black below the discoidal cell, and another near the pos-

terior angle: hind-wing with the transverse zigzag lines tinged

with whitish within; broadly from the base of wing along abdo-

minal margin to anal angle greenish-grey. Discoidal mark black.

Expanse of male 23 inches ; female above 3 inches.

Hab. Silhet, N. India.

Tn the Collections of Entomological Society of London, British

Museum, W. W. Saunders, Esq.

10. Adolias Sedeva, Moore. (PI. IV. fig. 3, 2.)

Adolias Sedeva,* n. sp.—Female. Urrersive brown: fore-wing

with transverse row of whitish spots, the first two long, each with

a point outward, the rest to the posterior margin very small,

along the inner margin of the band only, the rest of the band

being brown, its outer margin defined by a dusky line; hind-

wing with two transverse zigzag blackish lines. Discoidal mark

blackish. Unperstpe. Fore-wing reddish-ochreous, greenish at

the base and along outer margin and at the apex, band as in

upperside, but more defined : hind-wing deep glossy greenish-grey,

with transverse lines as in upperside, tinged anteriorly within with

white. Discoidal marks black. , ‘

Expanse 3} inches.

Hab. Assam.

In Entomological Society’s and Hopeian Collection at Oxford.

Remark.—In one specimen of this species in the Hopeian Col-

lection at Oxford the white colour of the band on both sides is

almost obsolete, being present only on the inner and outer ends

of the two first spots. This species may easily be distinguished

from the same sex of Adolias Kesava by the transverse band

having the point of each spot outward, whereas in A. Kesava these

are indented inward.

11. Adolias Mahadeva, Moore. (PI. IV. fig. 1.)

Adolias Mahadeva, 1. sp.— Male. Urrrrsine dark dusky

brown, smeared with purple on exterior margin of fore-wing :

hind-wing with a broad band to exterior margin, whitish an-

teriorly, bluish posteriorly, with a central longitudinal row of

* Since proved to be the female of Adol. Apiades (see page 77).

of the Genus Adolias. 69

small dusky spots. Unprrsipr light brown, exterior margins

greyish; discoidal marks and submarginal row of indistinct spots

blackish.

Expanse 23 inches.

Hab. unknown.

In the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq.

12. Adolias Ramada, Moore. (PI. IV. fig. 5, &.)

Adolias Ramada, n. sp—Male. Uvrrrsipe dark glossy olive-

brown: fore-ning with the discoidal marks black, olive-green

within; from posterior margin near angle upwards powdered

with green, with a central zigzag black line: hind-wing with

outer margin broadly from abdominal margin to near anterior

angle blue, the anterior angle being pale brown, with a sub-mar-

ginal central zigzag blackish line along its whole length. Unprr-

sipE dusky ochreous, most dusky about the outer margins; two

transverse zigzag lines and discoidal marks blackish.

Expanse 2,2, inches,

Hab. Malacca (Wallace).

In the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq.

Remark.—May be distinguished from the male of 4. Salia in

having the band on the outer margin of hind-wing blue, whereas

in A. Sala the inner half is pure white.

13. Adolias Kanda, Moore. (PI. IV. fig. 2.)

Adolias Kanda, n. sp.—Male. Urrrrsipr dark glossy greenish

olive-brown, with discoidal markings, and two transverse zigzag

lines, blackish. UnpersipE deep ochreous, with brownish outer

margins; discoidal markings black; transverse lines less defined

and paler than above.

Expanse of male 24 inches. Female unknown,

Hab. Borneo (Wallace).

In Collection of W. C. Hewitson, Esa,

14. Adolias Salia, Moore. (PI. IV. fig. 4, 3, 2.)

Adolias Salia, n. sp.—Male. Urrrrsipe deep dark brown:

fore-ning, from costal margin near apex to posterior margin near

angle, a narrow zigzag white line, margined outwardly with black

and then with dull*blue; within the anterior portion of this line

the ground colour is paler; indistinct black markings at the base ;

narrow cilize spotted with white: hind-wing, from anterior margin

70 Mr. F. Moore’s Monograph

near angle a rather broad white band, slightly curving to abdo-

minal margin near anal angle, and which is margined outwardly

with a zigzag black line, the points being inward ; anterior angle

pale brown ; from anal angle outside the band dull blue; narrow

white ciliz. Unpersipe dull ochreous, the transverse band of

the fore-wing broad and partly brown anteriorly, white posteriorly,

and both wings margined within with dusky black, and outwardly

with zigzag black line; markings at base of wing black; an-

terior margin dusky. Body and abdominal margin greenish-

ochreous. Female dull brown: fore-wing with broad tapering

transverse white band, intersected by the veins, and suffused more

or less with brown anteriorly on the inner portion, and margined

outward with a narrow lanceolate black line, the points being

inward; base of wing with indistinct black marks: hind-wing

with broad white band, intersected by the veins, slightly curving

from anterior margin to abdominal margin near anal angle, being

margined outwardly with broad lanceolate black marks, the point

being inward, these again being narrowly margined outwardly

with white; base of wing with indistinct marks; narrow ciliz

spotted with white. Unprrsipge ochreous ; markings as above,

but the bands less distinct ; body and abdominal margin greenish

grey. Shape of wings as in 4. Aconthea,

Expanse of male 23, female 28 inches.

Hab. Java.

In Museum East India Company,

15. Adolias Palguna, Moore. (PI. VI. fig. 1.)

Adolias Palguna, n. sp.— Male. Urrrrsipe dull brown, dusky

about the apex: fore-wing with a transverse band of irregular

shaped white spots, more or less suffused with brown, the outer

margins of which have lanceolate black marks pointing inward ;

base of wing with indistinct marks: hind-ning with narrower

curved white band from anterior margin to anal angle, margined

outwardly with a broad lanceolate mark between each vein, and

again by bluish-white; inner portion of disc pale, with indistinct

black marks at base of wing. Uwnpersipe pale greyish-white,

tinged with ochreous at the base and apex, with markings as

above, but very indistinct; abdominal margin greenish-grey.

Female. Upperside as in male, but paler, the underside being

tinged with very pale purple on the exterior half. Wings shaped

as in Adolias Trigerta.

of the Genus Adolias. 71

Expanse of male 2}, female 22 inches.

Hab. Java.

In Museum East India Company.

16. Adolias Pulasara, Moore. (Pl. VI. fig. 2.)

Adolias Pulasara, n. sp.—Allied to 4. Palguna, but differs in

the male, on the upperside, in the fore-wing, in having the trans-

verse band tinged with hyaline-blue; there is also a cyaneous

tinge about the extremity of the cell: the band on the hind-ning

is rather broader and composed of less lanceolated portions.

UnperrsipE very pale ochreous, band of fore-wing tinged with

pale hyaline-blue : hind-wing with two rows of small deep black

lanceolate spots (representing the band of thé upperside) ; base

of wing with a number of deep black marks. Female. Upperside

as in male, and the underside with paler markings. ‘

Expanse of male 23, female 3 inches.

Hab. Malacca, Singapore, Penang.

In the Collection of British Museum, East India Company,

_W. W. Saunders, Esq., and W. C. Hewitson, Esq.

17. Adolias Lutala, Moore. (Pl. VI. fig. 3.)

Adolias Lutala, n. sp.—Uvrrersipe brown, darker about the

apex and outer margins: fore-wing with transverse short inner

row of five brownish-white spots, and an outer row of six white

zigzag marks, these latter having inward pointed black marks ;

markings at the base of wing black: hind-wing with basal mark-

ings, inner row of small ill-defined lunular marks, and an outer

row of small lanceolate spots, black. Unperrsipe pale pinky-buff,

deeper on basal half of fore-wing : fore-wing with basal markings,

and two transverse rows of small marks, black: hind-wing also

with basal markings, and two transverse row of small spots, black.

Female marked as in the male, but rather less defined ; underside

with the markings much less defined, those of the hind-wing re-

placed by an ill-defined transverse band.

Expanse of male 23 inches, female 23 inches.

Hab. Borneo (Wallace).

In Collection of British Museum, and W. C. Hewitson, Esq.

18. Adolias Puseda, Moore. (Pl. VI. fig. 5.)

Adolias Puseda, n. sp.—Female. Urprrsip brown, with a pale

purple tinge: fore-wing with a broad band of irregular-shaped

72 Mr. F. Moore’s Monograph

purplish hyaline-like spots, each spot being concave on the out-

ward margin; also a sub-marginal row of ill-defined whitish

spots; base of wing with indistinct black marks : hind-nwing with

two curved rows of indistinct whitish spots, with some indistinct

blue spots between the two rows, UnpersipE ochreous, whitish

on the exterior margins; band of fore-ning bluish-white, bound

outwardly narrowly with brown ; distinct black marks within dis-

coidal cell: hind-ming with two narrow curved indistinct ochreous-

brown bands.

Expanse 3 inches.

Hab. Penang (Dr. Cantor).

In Museum East India Company.

19. Adolias Merta, Moore. (Pl. VI. fig. 4, 2.)

Adolias Merta, n. sp.—¥emale.: Uprersipre luteous brown,

paler beyond the middle of the fore-wings, where they are

slightly glossed with pale green; a row of five white spots suf-

fused with brown on fore-wing. UnpersipE pale buff, with the

lituree nearly black, and slender; the pale broad sub-marginal

space clearer and nearly white, with blackish row of spots.

O77 j

Expanse 2% inches.

Hab. China. ‘

In Hopeian Collection, Oxford.

20. Adolias Trigerta, Moore. (PI. V. fig. 2.)

Adolias Trigerta, n. sp.—UrrersipE dark brown; male: fore-

ming with a transverse row of six whitish spots, more or less suf-

fused with brown, from sub-costal vein, one-third from the apex

to.near posterior margin, near the angle, the first two spots being

long and oval, third the smallest, fourth and fifth larger than the

third and both alike, sixth smaller and heart-shaped, all of them

terminating outward in a point, which is bounded by black; base

of wing with indistinct black markings; posterior margin at the

angle with a small blue patch: hind-ning with a band of seven

clear white spots, curving from anterior margin near the angle to

abdominal margin near the anal angle, these spots having within

each, on the outward portion, a black lanceolate mark point-

ing outward, which is slightly margined laterally with blue, and

those nearest the anal angle with a short black line crossing the

vein above the lanceolate mark; base of wing with indistinct

black markings; abdominal margin pale brown. UNpERsIDE

greyish: fore-wing with the costal margin and basal half ochre-

of the Genus Adolias. 73

ous-yellow; the band of spots less distinct than above, but

bounded inwardly with black lunulated marks, and outwardly *

with a black spot at the point of each; the markings at the base

of the wing broadly black: hind-nwing with a purple-red tinge

on the anterior half; the band of spots less defined, bounded

inwardly with black lunulated marks, and outwardly with trian-

gular black spots, those near the anal angle with a narrow line

above; base of wing with broad black marks, within, above and

below the cell. Body and legs ochreous-yellow. Female: up-

perside as in the male, but with the markings larger; underside

as in male, but the markings less distinct. Hind-wings of male

rounded as in female.

Expanse of male 23, female 23 inches.

Hab. Java.

In Museum East India Company.

21. Adolias Japis, Godart.

Nymphalis Japis, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 882 (1819); Lucas,

Hist. Nat. Lep. Exot. t. 69, f. 1.

Adolias Japis, Boisduval, E. Doubleday, List. Lep. Brit. Mus.

pt. i. p. 104; Westwood in Doubleday and Hewitson’s

Diurnal Lep. p. 291, n. 8.

Hab. Java.

In Museum East India Company.

Adolias Japis. The male may be distinguished by the dark

velvety-brown of the upperside, the fore-wing having a marginal

band from apex widening to posterior margin, then broadly cross-

ing obliquely the disc of the hind-wing from anterior angle to

lower end of abdominal margin; this band being in some speci-

mens blue, with white along its middle, in others purplish or

bluish-white. A beautiful white ciliz extends throughout the

exterior margins. The female is dull brown, with a correspond-

ing whitish band; and a transverse row of brownish-white spots

crossing the dise of fore-wing broadly from anterior to posterior

margin; other markings as in male.

Expanse of male 24, female 2? inches.

22, Adolias Gopia, Moore. (PI. V. fig. 4, ¢.)

Adolias Gopia, n. sp.—Female. Urrrrsipr deep pinky-brown,

with a slight purple shade: fore-ning with transverse row of

whitish irregular spots, each terminating in a point between the

vein, the first two long, and tinged with brown across their mid-

dle, the rest shorter ; basal markings black: hend-ning with taper-

74 Mr. F. Moore’s Monograph

ing white band from middle of anterior to middlé of abdominal

* margin, bounded broadly exteriorly with pale blue, which is

centred with a row of whitish spots. UnprrsipE dull ochreous,

with whitish bands and discoidal markings of fore-wing only, as

above.

Expanse 34 inches.

Hab. unknown.

In British Museum Collection.

23. Adolias Ambalika, Moore. (PI. V. fig. 3, ¢ .)

Adolias Ambahka, n. sp.—Female. Uvprrrstve dark brown:

fore-ming with transverse band of white spots, each spot with a

long black point outward, between the veins; also an outer row

of less defined lanceolated whitish marks; black markings at base

of the wing: hind-ning with transverse band of smaller spots as

in fore-wing, also with an outer row of lanceolate marks. Unprr-

sIDE pale ochreous, marked as above, with the black marks to the

white band broader.

Variety —Urrersipe much darker brown: fore-ning with the

transverse band suffused with brown; space between the band to

near exterior margin bluish: hind-wing with less defined band of

smaller lanceolate marks, between which to near exterior margin

bluish, centred with whitish lanceolate marks. UNnpersipe dull

ochreous, with brown margins; band of lanceolate marks as

above, but less suffused with brown.

Expanse 3 inches.

Hab. Borneo.

In Collection at British Museum, East India Company, W. W.

Saunders, Esq.

24, Adolias Jahnu, Moore. (PI. VII. fig. 1, ¢ )

Adolias Jahnu, n. sp.—Female. UprrrsipE obscure brown,

glossed with green: fore-wing with indistinct black zigzag lines

across the disc, tinged with white anteriorly ; markings at base

of wing large and indistinct : hind-ming with two indistinct black

zigzag lines across the disc, also indistinct black basal marks.

UnversipeE ochreous-brown, with transverse zigzag lines and basal

marks as above; apex of fore-wing with a white spot and a black-

ish patch; exterior margin dusky; base of hind-wing, and along

the outer zigzag line, with a bluish-grey tinge. Anterior wings

falcate.

Expanse 34 inches.

of the Genus Adolias. 75

Hab. Darjeeling, N. India.

In Museum East India Company.

25. Adolias Sikandi, Moore. (Pl. VII. fig. 4, 2.)

Adolias Sikandi, n. sp.—Female. Upprerrsipe obscure glossy

pale greenish-brown: fore-nwing with the disc from middle of

anterior to middle of posterior margin white, sharply defined in-

wardly from the basal half by an irregular zigzag division ; also

parallel pale brown and white spots ; two large black marks

within discoidal cell: htnd-ning with narrow curved white band,

tapering from middle of anterior to near middle of abdominal

margin, and sharply defined inwardly from the basal half; a sub-

marginal row of deep brown lunular spots; blackish marks within

Giscoidal cell. Unperrstpe ashy-grey, tinged with blue, basal

half dark, exterior half very pale; markings as above; on hind-

wing a small red spot in centre of anterior basal mark.

Shape of wings as in 4. Evelina,

Expanse 33 inches.

Hab. Java.

In Museum East India Company.

26. Adolias Evelina, Stoll.

$ Papilio Evelina, Stoll, in Cramer’s Pap. Exot. Suppl. t. 28,

ie 23.25. B. CUZ9E).

Nymphalis Evelina, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 401.

Adolias Evelina, Boisduval; E. Doubleday, List Lep. Brit. Mus.

pt. 1. p. 104; Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewitson’s

Diurnal Lep. p. 291, n. 7.

Adolias Derma, Kollar, in Hiigel’s Kaschmir, iv. pt. ii. p. 436

(1844) ; Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewitson’s Diurnal

Mepop..2925m,

Hab. N. India, Assam, Ceylon.

In Museum East India Company.

In Adolias Evelina the sexes. are alike, the male being well

figured by Stoll,

27. Adolias Cocytina, Horsfield.

$ Aconthea Cocytina, Horsfield, Zool. Journ. v. p. 67, t. 4, f. 3,

3a (1830). 3

Adolias Cocytina, Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewitson’s

Diurnal Lep. p. 291, n. 3.

76 Mr. F. Moore’s Monograph

$ Papiho Cocyta, Fabricius,* Ent. Syst. iii. pt. i. p. 127 (1798) ;

Jones, Icon. iv. t. 64, f. 2.

Nymphalis Cocyta, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 382.

Adolias Cocyta, KE. Doubleday, List Lep. Brit. Mus. pt. i. p. 104.

Adolias Godartu, G. R. Gray, Catal. Lep. Ins. Nepal, p. 14, t. 2,

f, 2 (1833).

Hab. Sumatra, Borneo.

In Museum East India Company.

Remark.—Of Adolias Cocytina 1 am acquainted only with the

male. The female is as yet undetermined.

* 28. Adolias Cocytus, Fabricius.

Papilio Cocytus, Fabricius, Mant. Inst. ii. p. 29 (1787); Ent.

Syst. iii. pt. 1, p. 55.

Adolias Cocytus, Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewitson’s

Diurnal Lep. p. 291, n. 9.

Nymphalis Cocytus, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 368.

Adolias Sidera, Boisduval, MS.

Hab. N. and S. India.

Remark.—Adolias Cocytus of either sex may at once be distin-

guished by the ashy marginal band widening from apex of the

fore-wing to abdominal margin.

29. Adolias Adima, Moore.

Adolias Adima, n. sp.—Male. Urrersipe yellowish olive-brown,

with two indistinct zigzag lines crossing the disc of both wings,

and markings about the base of the wings blackish. UNbERsIDE

pale ferruginous, palest at the base of fore-wings, with inner row

of lunulated marks and outer row of spots crossing the dise of

both wings, and markings at the base of the wings black, the

spots being deepest from the anal angle, where they are margined

with bluish-white ; abdominal margin broadly, and about anal

angle somewhat green.

Expanse 23 inches.

Hab. Assam.

In Museum East India Company.

The male of 4. Adima may at once be distinguished from

A, Apiades by its plain brown upperside.

30. Adolias Sananda, Moore. (PI. VII. fig. 3.)

Adolias Sananda, n. sp.—Male. Allied to 4, Adima, but differs

in haying the upperside purplish olive-brown, and the transverse

* But not Pap. Cocytus, Fabricius.

of the Genus Adolias. 77

zigzag lines of both wings are wider apart and well defined. The

underside differs in having the markings much less defined, and

the hind-wing is devoid of the greenish colour of the abdominal

margin, and the spots are without the bluish borders.

Expanse 23 inches.

Hab. Assam.

In Collection British Museum and J. O. Westwood, Esq.

31. Adolius Telchinea, Menetries.

Adolius Telchinea, Menetries, Catal. Lep. Mus. Imp. Acad. of

Sci. St. Petersburg, pt. ii. t. ix. f. 3.

Hab. N. India.

In Mus. Imp. Academy at St. Petersburg.

Adolius Telchinea.—UrrersiveE dark brown, with a blue border

to the outer margin of hind-wing. UnpersipE brown, with two

indistinct darker transverse lines, and blackish discoidal markings.

Expanse 23 inches.

32. Adolias Apiades, Menetries.*

$ Adolias Apiades, Menetries, Cat. Lep. Mus. Imp. Acad. of

Sci. St. Petersburg, pt. ii. pl. ix. f. 4.

Hab. Darjeeling.

In Collection British Museum and East India Company.

Adolias Apiades——Male. Uprersipe dark glossy olive-brown,

with two lunulated lines crossing the dise of both wings, and

markings at base of wing black, the lines obscure at the upper

ends on the fore-wing ; a greenish-blue marginal band from anal

angle broadly along exterior margin. Uwnpersipe dusky ferru-

ginous, greenish at the apex of fore-wing, and thickly so on the

posterior half of hind-wing, and the abdominal margin tinged

with yellow; transverse lines as in upperside, but broader and

very black from the anal angle ; also the basal marks.

Expanse of male 23 to 3 inches.

33. Adolias Vasanta, Moore. (PI. VII. fig. 2.)

Adolias Vasanta, n. sp.—Female. UrrrrsipE vinaceous brown,

palest along exterior margins: fore-wing with oblique transverse

row of six small white spots; discoidal marks indistinct, black :

hind-ning with indistinct discoidal marks, and sub-marginal row

of small black spots. Unpersipe buff-grey, tinged with brown

* Adol, Sedeva is since proved to be the female of this species.

78 Mr. F. Moore’s Monograph

across the disc; exterior margin purplish-white ; markings as

above.

Expanse 23 to 27 inches.

Hab. Ceylon.

In the Collection of British Museum, and W. W. Saunders, Esq.

34. Adolias Sancara, Moore. (Pl. IX. fig. 1.)

Adolias Sancara, n. sp.—Male. Urrrerstpe brown: fore-wing

with an outward oblique white band from middle of costal margin

to near posterior margin above the angle; also two small white

spots near the apex ; an indistinct blackish transverse band from

near apex of fore-wing to abdominal margin, also an indistinct

narrow sub-marginal blackish band on the hind-wing; black

marks within discoidal cell. UNprErsipE greyish-brown, greyer

at the base and along exterior margins; marked as upperside.

Female darker, and marked as in the male.

Expanse of male 34, female 33 inches.

Hab. Darjeeling, N. India.

In Museum East India Company, and Hopean Coll. at Oxford.

85. Adolias Nara, Moore. (PI. VIII. fig. 1.)

Adolias Nara, n. sp.—Female. Urrersige dark glossy golden

olive-green, with blackish marginal and sub-marginal lines: fore-

ning with oblique transverse row of six white spots, from middle

of costal margin to near posterior angle, also two small sub-apical

white spots; marks within discoidal cell black: hind-wing with

two white spots on costal margin near the angle. UNnprrsipE

glossy verdigris-green, apically olive-green: fore-wing with

markings as above, but more defined and whiter; lower part of

dise patched with blue-black: hind-wing with transverse row of

six white spots from costal margin to near the posterior angle ;

indistinct discoidal markings. Cilize white.

Expanse 3-9; inches.

Hab. unknown.

In Museum Entomological Society of London.

36. Adolias Iva, Moore. (PI. VIII. fig. 2.)

Adolias Iva, n. sp.—Male. Urrersipe very dark olive-green :

fore-wing with oblique row of large, long, greenish-white spots

from middle of costal margin to near posterior angle, beneath

which is a small narrow geminated spot near the middle of the

posterior margin; also two small spots obliquely near the apex,

and a small suffused whitish patch at the posterior angle : hind-ning

of the Genus Adolias. 79

with a row of broadly separated small round greenish-white spots,

curving from middle of costal margin to middle of the wing; also

black marks within discoidal cell. Unprrsipr deep greenish-

grey, dusky about the anterior half, and blackish along the pos-

terior margin; markings as above, but the spots on the hind-wing

extending nearly to abdominal margin. Shape of wings as in

A. Epiona.

Expanse 4 inches.

Hab. Darjeeling.

In Museum East India Company.

87. Adolias Epiona, G. R. Gray.

Aconthea Epiona, G. R. Gray, Lep. Nepal, p. 13 (1833).

Adolias Doubledayit, Boisduval, MS.; E. Doubleday, List Lep.

Brit. Mus. pt. i. p. 104 (1844); G. R. Gray, List. Lep.

Nepal, p. 13; Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewitson’s

Diurnal Lep. p. 291, n. 15.

Adolias Patala, Kollar in Hiigel’s Kaschmir, iv. pt. i. p. 435.

(1844). °

Hab. N. India.

In most Collections.

Adolias Epiona.—UrrrrsivE pale olive-green ; with two obscure

darker narrow lines crossing the dise of both wings: fore-wing

with oblique row of yellowish-white spots from middle of costal

margin to beyond middle of the wing, opposite posterior angle ;

also two smaller spots on costal margin near the apex : hind-wing

with two yellowish-white spots on costal margin nearer the angle.

Blackish marks at the base of both wings. UNnpErs1pE pale

yellowish-green : fore-mwing with oblique row of spots as above,

but less defined, and having two additional very small spots on

the lower part of the disc; on the hind-wing the spots extend by

the addition of small ones to the middle of the wing. Sexes

alike.

Expanse of male 32, female 4 inches.

38. Adolias Confucius, Westwood.

g Adolias Confucius, Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewitson’s

Diurnal Lep. p. 291, n. 16 (1850).

Hab. China.

In the Collection of J. O. Westwood, Esq.

Adolias Confucius is closely allied to, but differs from, 4. Epiona

in being larger, and having on the upperside the oblique band and

80 Mr. F. Moore’s Monograph

sub-apical spots also larger; on the hind-wing the lower spot is

lunulated and reversely curved.

Expanse 44 inches.

39. Adolias Sahadeva, Moore. (PI. VIII. fig. 3.)

Adolias Sahadeva, n. sp.—Male. Upprrsipe olive green, with

darker submargin and inner portion of disc: fore-wing with oblique

row of five pale greenish-yellow spots from middle of costal

margin; two small whitish sub-apical spots; space between dis-

coidal marks and along outer margin yellowish: hind-wing with

transverse tapering row of six pale greenish-yellow spots from

costal margin to near abdominal angle, bounded below with pale

yellow ; two transverse disco-cellular black lines ; abdominal

margin greenish-grey. UnprrsipE greenish-yellow, lighter and

darker in portions; marked as above, discoidal markings on both

wings, lower part of disc of fore-wing with blackish patches.

Expanse 3} inches. In Collection British Museum and W. C.

Hewitson, Esq.

40. Adolias Kardama, Moore. (PI. IX. fig. 3.)

Adolias Kardama, n.sp.—Male. Uprersips olive-green, brown-

ish along exterior margins: fore-wing with row of eight small

yellowish-white spots curving from middle of anterior to middle of

posterior margin; also two sub-apical spots ; a sub-marginal row

of indistinct blackish spots, the space between this and the curved

row patched with yellowish-white, marks at the base of wing

black: hind-nwing with transverse row of six yellowish-white

spots, diminishing in size to a small dot, the three anterior spots

confluent, with a broad hemispherical outer border ; an indistinct

sub-marginal blackish line. Unprrsipe suffused with grey,

marked as above. Female. Uprersipe£ as in male, but the spots

larger, the discal space paler. UNprrsip£ as in male.

Expanse of male 33, female 4 inches. ;

Hab. China. In the Collection of J. O. Westwood, Esq.

41, Adolias Durga, Moore. (PI. IX. fig. 2.)

Adolias Durga,n.sp. Upprrsipr dark iridescent olive-green,

with a black marginal and sub-marginal band; a broad transverse

band of irreguiar-shaped white spots crossing from middle of costal

margin of fore-wing to beyond the middle of the hind-wing, near

the anal angle, being margined exteriorly with blue from the

fore-wing on its lower half to anal angle; the narrow space

of the Genus Adolias. 81

between marginal and sub-marginal bands also bluish; two small

rounded white spots near the apex of fore-wing; marks within

discoidal cells black. Unpersipe, from inner margin of band to

base, greenish-grey, from its outer margin to extremity of wing

greenish, with band and apical spots as above ; a row of blackish

marks from apical spots to posterior angle, which is whitish ; also

an indistinct dusky sub-marginal row on the hind-wing, and at

the anal angle two patches of black ; marks at the base of wings

black. Cilize between the indentations on the upper and under-

side white. Sexes alike.

Expanse 4 inches.

Hab. Darjeeling.

In Museum East India Company, Entomological Society of

London.

42. Adolias Teuta, EK. Doubleday.

$ Adolias Teuta, E. Doubleday, MS.; Westwood, in Doubleday

and Hewitson’s Diurnal Lep. p. 291, n. 5, t. 44, f. 2

(1850).

Hab. N. India, Silhet, Java.

In Museum East India Company.

Adolias Teuta.—Male. Uprerrsive blackish-brown, palest on

exterior margins, with a transverse band of pale greenish-yellow

spots crossing the middle of both wings, the spots being smallest

and interrupted on the fore-wing; also a single small spot near the

apex, and a minute dot of the same colour within the discoidal-

cell of the fore-wing; a row of indistinct triangular black spots

near exterior margins; and two or three indistinct pale spots from

anterior angle of hind-wing. Unperstne. pale brown, suffused in

patches with dusky brown; band and apical spot as above, pale

green; a row of small black short longitudinal spots from apex of

fore-wing toanal angle; a rounded spot and a lunular black mark,

centred with crimson within discoidal-cell of fore-wing, and in

that of the hind-wing a small dot and two short black lines; base

of costal margin of both wings tinged with crimson.

Female. Uprerstpe paler, and the row of triangular black

spots more distinct; the marks within the discoidal-cell of fore-

wing also distinct but black. Unopersrpe as in male.

Expanse of male 2#, female 34 inches.

43. Adolias Francie, G. R. Gray.

Adolias Francie, G. R. Gray, Lep. Ins. of Nepal, p. 12, t. 14

(1833); E. Doubleday, List Lep. Brit. Mus. pt. ii. p.

VOL. V. N. S. PART I1].—SEPT. 1859. G

82 Mr. F. Moore’s Monograph

104; Westwood in Doubleday and Hewitson’s Diurnal

Lep. p. 291, n. 14.

Hab. Darjeeling.

In Museum East India Company.

Adolias Francia.—Male. Urrersipe dark olive-green, brown

along the exterior margins; with a transverse yellowish band

crossing the middle of both wings; also two yellowish spots near

the apex, and on both wings a sub-marginal row of yellowish-

white spots, those near and at the anal angle being greenish, with

an inner row of indistinct black spots. Unprrsipr bluish-grey,

marked as above, but with a patch of black near the posterior

angle of fore-wing.

Expanse of male from 23 to 34 inches.

Female unknown.

44, Adolias Coresia, Hubner.

? Hypolimnas Coresia, Hibner, Samml. Exot. Schmett. Band ii.

tab. (1806-27).

Adolias Coresia, E. Doubleday, List Lep. Brit. Mus. pt. 1.

p- 105.

$ Aconthea Apaturina, Horsfield, Zool. Journ. v. p. 68, t. 4,

f. 1, 1a (1830).

Adolias Apaturina, Westwood in Doubleday and Hewitson’s

Diurnal Lep. p. 291, n. 4.

Hab. Java.

In Museum East India Company.

Adolias Coresia.—Male. Uprersipr deep brown-black : fore-

wing with marginal and sub-marginal row of minute white spots,

also a minute spot one-third from the apex near costal margin:

hind-ning with broad blue band from abdominal angle taper-

ing to anterior angle, with a sub-marginal row of black spots

bounded exteriorly with white. Unprrsipe dark brown, with

marginal row of lunulate marks, short sub-marginal dots and

oblique row of spots and two bars within discoidal cell purple-

white: hind-wing with marginal row of black spots, encircled with

purple-white ; also a sub-marginal row of small dots, and a single

spot near base of wing purple-white. :

Female dark brown, marked as in male, but the band on hind-

ning purple-white.

Expanse of male 2 to 23, female 2% inches.

The figures above quoted are good representations of the sexes

of Adolias Coresia.

of the Genus Adolias. 83

45. Adolias Nicea, G. R. Gray.

Aconthea Nicea, G. R. Gray, Lep. Ins. of Nepal, p. 13, t. 12, f. 1

(1833).

Adolias Nicea, Doubleday, List. Lep. Brit. Mus. pt. i. p. 105;

Soren in Doubleday and Hewitson’s Diurnal Lep.

p. 291, n.

Hab. seas.

In Museum East India Company.

Adolias Nicea.—Male. Urrrrsipe velvety-black; fore-ning

with a marginal, short sub-marginal, and a shorter third row of

small white spots, the marginal row bounded inwardly by a row of

small indistinct blue spots; also indistinct blue marks within dis-

coidal cell: hind-ning with a marginal row of black spots en-

circled with blue inwardly, and with white outwardly. Ciliz

white. Unpersipe brown-black : fore-wing as above: hind-ming

with marginal row of white lunulated spots, and a sub-marginal

row of minute white dots.

Female. Uprrrstvr marked as in male, but washed with olive-

green, the marginal row of encircled spots of hind-wing larger,

and with a sub-marginal narrow greenish line. UnpeErsipE with

the three rows of white spots on fore-ming extending to posterior

margin; on the hind-ning the marginal row of lunulated spots

are larger, and there is a sub-marginal row of white spots, also a

third inner row of bluish-white spots.

Expanse of male 2} to 23, female 2? inches.

46. Adolias Nesimachus, Boisduval.

Adolias Nesimachus, Boisduval, in Cuvier’s Rég. An. édit. Cro-

chard, Ins. t. 139, f. 1 (183—) ; E. Doubleday, List Lep.

Brit. Mus. pt. i. p. 105; Westwood, in Doubleday and

Hewitson’s Diurnal Lep. p. 291, n. 12.

Argynnis Hippomenes, Kaden, in Herr. Scheeffer’s Lep. Exot.

Ser: liofasc.. 1 ets2, fig. 11, 12 (1853):

Hab. N. India, Assam, Darjeeling.

In Collection British Museum, East India Company, &e.

Adolias Nesimachus.—Urrrrsive black, suffused more or less

with green: fore-wing with a number of whitish spots disposed

about the basal half; at the extremity of discoidal cell three lon-

gitudinal streaks, ai above these on costal margin some narrow

streaks, white ; a double sub marginal row of narrow white zigzag

lines, and a marginal row of white spots; hind-ming with whitish

84 Mr. F. Moore’s Monograph

spots about the middle; a curved row of black spots above a

sub-marginal row of narrow zigzag white marks, the latter more

or less geminated about the middle; and a marginal row of

narrow lunulated white lines. Unpersrpe black, with markings

as above on fore-wing, and tinged with blue; the spots on the

hind-wing bluish, but more or less obsolete, the surface of the

wing being tinged with green; the row of deep black spots as

above. Sexes alike,

Expanse of male 3, female 33 inches.

47, Adolias Dunya, E. Doubleday.

Adolias Dunya, E. Doubleday, MS.; Westwood, in Doubleday

and Hewitson’s Diurnal Lep. p. 291, n. 6, t. 44, f. 2 (1850).

Hab. Borneo (Wallace).

In the Collection British Museum, W. W. Saunders, Esq., and

W. C. Hewitson, Esq.

Adolias Dunya.—Male. Urrrrsipe olive-brown, with a row of

small yellow spots crossing the middle of both wings, each spot

being encircled with black; discoidal marks on fore-wing black,

inner mark bounded on each side by a yellow dot; an indistinct .

sub-marginal row of blackish spots. Unpersipe pale whitish-

green ; row of spots indistinct; discoidal marks and sub-marginal

row of spots blackish.

Expanse 4 inches.

48. Adolias Dirtea, Fabricius.

g - Papilio Dirtea, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. ii. pt. 1, p. 59 (1793) ;

Jones, Icon. iv. t. 65, f ibe

Adolias Dirtea, EK. Doubleday, List Lep. Brit. Mus. pt. i. p. 104;

G. R.cGray, “List Lep.’ Nepal. ip. 12, t. 10, fae, 24 ;

Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewitson’s Diurnal Lep.

Percolins 17set. Aa oho)

Aconthea ea G.R. Gray, MS. ; Boisduval, Spec. Gén.

Lep. 1. ts 8, £2

Hab. N. India, eo Penang ee Sumatra (Raffles),

Borneo.

In most Collections.

Adolias Dirtea—Male. Urrrrsipr velvety-black; fore-ming

with a few more or less distinct cyaneous spots about the base

and along the costal margin, and a small white spot near the

apex; from apex widening to posterior angle cyaneous: hind-

wing with broad purple and green sub-marginal band, lined within

along its outer margin with a row of black spots, below each of

of the Genus Adolias. 85

which proceeds, between the veins, a narrow purple or green

streak to the exterior margin. UnpeErsipE deep olive-green, and

spotted with white about the middle of the wings; posterior half

of fore-wing blue-black. Female. Uprrrsipe brown-black,

covered with bluish-white spots, disposed in linear series; the

fore-ning with a marginal and the hind-wing with marginal and

sub-marginal row of bluish or purple-white lunular marks, those

on the hind-wing joined and forming circles. Unpersipe dark

olive-green, somewhat greyish on the hind-wings, marked as in

upperside, but the spots larger, In some specimens the upperside

of the male has the marginal band of the fore-wing dark olive-

green, with the small spots and whole underside deep ochreous ;

and in some females the upperside is brown, with all the spots

pale ochreous.

Expanse of male 3} to 44, female 33 to nearly 5 inches,

49, Adolias Siva, Westwood.

@ Aconthea Doubledayi, Westwood, Cab. Oriental Ent. p. 76,

t. 37, f. 4 (1847).

Adolias Siva, Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewitson’s Di-

urnal Lep. p. 291, n. 18 (1850).

Hab. Silhet.

In Collection British Museum, East India Company, W. W.

Saunders, Esq.

Adolias Siva. —Male. Uprersipe: fore-wing ochreous-yellow,

with spots on the basal half, and irregular lines across the disc

and along exterior margin, and the apical portion of the wing,

broadly black: hind-ning from the base to disc ochreous-yellow,

barred with black ; within, and spot below discoidal-cell, white ;

rest of the wing black, with two rows of whitish spots; abdo-

minal margin whitish ; body spotted with pale ochreous. UnpEr-

SIDE nearly as in upperside; markings and colours paler.

Expanse 3 inches.

50. Adolias Hesperus, Fabricius.

Papilio Hesperus, Fabricius, Ent. Syst, iil. pt. 1, p. 47 (1793) ;

Jones; Tcon:.iv: t.0/3, f. ¥.

Nymphalis Hesperus, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 387.

Adolias Hesperus, Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewitson’s

Diurnal Lep. p. 291, n. 22.

Hab. unknown.

Adolias Hesperus.—‘ Alis repandis, fuscis, nigro-undatis: anticis

punctis quatuor albis.”” Fadr.

86 Mr. F. Moore’s Monograph

51. Adolias Pelea, Fabricius.

Papiho Pelea, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. pt. 1, p. 133 (1793).

Nymphalis Pelea, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 383.

Adolias Pelea, Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewitson’s Diurnal

Lep. p. 291, 0.2%.

Adolias Pelea.—* Alis dentatis, fuscis, anticis maculis sagittatis

albis nigrisque ; subtus omnibus cinereis, lunulis nigris.” —

Fab.

Hab. East Indies (Fabricius).

According to Fabricius and Godart, “ this species is of medial

size; the fore-wings have the uppERsIDE obscure brown, with

some black lunules near the base, with a large band composed of

white and black arrow-shaped spots towards the extremity. The

hind-wings also obscure brown, with black lunules, besides a white

streak following the band of the fore-wing. The unpersipE of

fore-wing is ashy-grey, with a number of brown lunules, especially

on the hind-wing. The band of the fore-wing is less apparent.”

52, Adolias Monima, Fabricius.

Papilio Monima, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. pt. 1, p. 127 (1793).

Nymphalis Monima, Godart, Enc. Méth. ix. p. 383.

Adolias Monima, Westwood, in Doubleday and Hewitson’s

Diurnal Lep. p. 292, n. 24.

Hab. East Indies (Fabr.)

Adolias Monima.—* Alis dentatis, fuscis; posticis brunneis

angulo ani czerulescente striga nigra.”—Fab.

“Uppersipe. Fore-nings blackish, with ferruginous spots, less

distinct at the base, and a small bluish streak at the interior angle :

hind-mings blackish at the base, the extremity brown, and having

towards the anal angle a large bluish mark, on which there is a

blackish undulated line. Unperstpe ash colour, with black

lunules at the base, and a transverse line of the same colour

towards the extremity.”

_ Remark.—The three last species I have been unable to identify

from the descriptions published.

of the Genus Adolias.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES,

PLATE III.

Fig. 1. Adolias Parta, ¢ Q.

2s 7 Garuda, g Q.

Se ap Phemius, § 9.

An Alpheda, & Q.

5. ay Kesava, $ Q.

PLATE IV.

.1. Adolias Mahadeva, ¢.

et Ns Kanda.

3. 3 Sedeva, 9.

» Salia, o Q.

»» Ramada, g.

PLATE V.

- Adolias Anosia, $ ¢.

Ze pk Lnizerta.

S56 Ty Ambalika.

4 s Gopia.

PLATE VI.

Fig. 1. Adolias Palguna.

Qn Ss Pulasara.

ou Lutala,

4 Ae Merta.

3. ” Puseda.

PLATE VIL.

Fig. 1. Adolias Juhnu.

3 Vasanta.

OA:

3. ,, Sananda.

4 », Stkandi.

PLATE VIII.

Fig. 1. Adolias Nara.

50 eee (Ole

3. 4, Sahadeva,

PLATE 1X:

Fig. 1. Adolias Suncara.

P45 = ys Dureza.

oh Kardama.

88. Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Notes on the

IV. Notes upon the Species of ELaTERIDE in the Stephen-

sian Cabinet. By G. R. Wareruouse, Esq.,

iF Zi5= ces

[ Read Dec. 7th, 1858.]

In the following list I have given, in the first column, the species’

of Elateride, as they occur in Stephens’ Manual; and, in the

second column, I have added, opposite each species, the name

now commonly adopted for the same on the Continent, or a name

which I think will most probably hereafter be adopted.

STEPHENS’ Casinet, &c. GENUS. SPECIES.

Adrastus limbatus. Adrastus (Eschsch.) limbatus,

Fab.

acuminatus, Steph. Agriotes (Eschsch.) acuminatus,

Steph.

sobrinus,

Kiesenw. ?

This insect much resembles the Dolopius marginatus, but the

joints of its antenne are shorter ; the thorax is not acutely

margined at the sides, excepting on the hinder part ; and

the elytra are rather shorter and more acuminated behind.

Dolopius marginatus. Dolopius(Eschsch.) marginatus,

Linn.

Agriotes sputator. Agriotes (Eschsch.) sputator,

Linn.

obscurus. a obscurus,

Linn.

lineatus. —— lineatus,

Linn.

pilosus, Steph. ae ustulatus,

Schaller.

Sericosomus fugax. Sericosomus (Redt.) brunneus,

Linn.

— brunnipennis. oo brunneus,

Linn.

brunneus. | ———$__ brunneus,

Linn.

Messrs. Foxcroft and Turner, both of whom have taken

Species of Elateride in the Stephensian Cabinet. 89

these so-called species plentifully, inform us that they have

found the extreme varieties (i. e. brunneus and fugax of

the older authors) im copuld. They have long been sus-

pected to be one species; and, in the most recent work

upon the German Elaterid@ (that of Kiesenwetter) they are

put together, The Sericosomus brunnipennis of Stephens,

moreover, forms an intermediate variety between S. fugazx

and S. brunneus.

STEPHENS’ CaBIneET, &c. GeNvs. SPECIEs.

Sericosomus fulvicollis, Steph. Ischnodes (Germ.) sanguinicollis,

Panz.

Ectinus aterrimus. Melanotus(Eschs.) niger, Fab.

Limonius cylindricus. Limonius (Eschs.) cylindricus,

Payk.

serraticornis. ae minutus, Linn.

Stephens’ description appears to belong to the true ZL. serra-

ticornis, but of that insect I have never seen a British

example.

minutus.* oar ed minutus, Linn.

Bructeri, Steph., Man. |

Not in Stephens’ collection ; I have seen no British specimen

of the Elater Bructeri, Fab., which now forms the type of

Kiesenwetter’s genus Pheletes.

nigrinus, Payk. |

Not in Stephens’ collection; the Hlater nigrinus of Paykul

(Elater nigrinus, Kiesenw.—Ampedus nigrinus, Germ.),

however, is known to be a British insect.

( Elater (Linn.,

Kiesenw.) sanguinolentus,

54 ie Schrank.

Elater ephippium. Ampedus, aut

(Germ. ) ephippium,

Oliv.

sanguineus. ——— lythropterus,

Germ.

—— rufipennis. ———_— sanguineus,

Linn.

* In Leach’s collection there are two specimens of an allied species of Limo-

nius, of a shorter form than the L. minutus, and with the thorax more finely and

thickly punctured. I believe it to be the S. lythrodes of Germar.

90 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Notes on the

STrepHens’ Casinet, &c. GeENus. SPECcIEs.

Elater semiruber. Elater : lythropterus,

Germ.

crocatus. SS pomorum,

Herbst.

In the collection, but not named. I am not acquainted with

the E. crocatus as British.

pomone. | ——— sp.?

The Elater pomone of Stephens’ collection I have long

thought was an immaculate variety of E. ephippium, but

upon comparing Stephens’ insect, and others like it which

I have received from the New Forest (found by Turner),

with specimens of Ephippium, I find the former have the

head and thorax covered with long black hairs, whilst the

same parts in my specimens of E’phippium are clothed

with short, and for the most part palish, hairs. I have

immaculate specimens taken by myself in company with

Ephippium, and which agree in every respect with the

others, excepting in the want of the dark patch. Turner’s

insect I do not think was taken in company with E'phip-

pium, in the normal condition at least. There is amongst

Stephens’ specimens, placed to represent his E. pomone,

one specimen evidently of a distinct species, and which I

regard as the E. preusta (Fab.) Germ.

preustus. elongatulus,

Oliv.

balteatus. —— balteatus, Linn.

—— bipustulatus. Corymbites (sub-

genus Diacan-

thus, Kie-

senw.) bipustulatus,

Linn.

Elater ustulatus. Corymbites(Dia- bipustulatus,

canthus). var.

Prosternon holosericeus. Corymbites (sub-

genus Tacto-

comus, Kie-

senw.) holosericeus,

Fab.

Agrypnus murimus. Lacon (Germar) murinus, Linn.

— varius. Adelocera (Latr.) varia, Fab.

Not in collection.

Species of Elateride in the Stephensian Cabinet. 91

Srepuens’ Casinet, &c. GENUS. SPECIEs.

Cryptohypnus

aries Germ. riparius, Fab.

Hypolithus riparius. ae; ; ae P i

(Kiesenw.)

— rivularis. —. riparius, Fab.

Cryptohypnus agricola. ———— quadripustula-

tus, Fab.

—— 4-pustulatus. —————__ tetragraphus,

Germ.

—————_ dermestoides. —————__ dermestoides,

Herbst.

I feel little doubt that the two last-mentioned insects are

varieties of the same species.

pulchellus.

Formerly represented, in Stephens’ collection, by specimens

of Crypt. 4-pustulatus; the specimens remain, but the

name has been removed. The Crypt. pulchellus 1 suspect

is not British.

Drasterius bimaculatus. Drasterius bimaculatus,

(Eschsch.) Fab.

In Leach’s collection, not in Stephens’.

Melanotus fulvipes. Melanotus

(Eschsch.) __rufipes, Herbst.

Ludius ferrugineus. Ludius (Latr.) ferrugineus,

Linn.

Ctenicerus aulicus. Corymbites

(Latr.) aulicus, Panz.

In Leach’s, but not in Stephens’ cabinet.

— pectinicornis. —_——__ pectinicornis,

. Linn.

— cupreus. —— cupreus, Fab.

Includes the variety, with immaculate elytra, Corymbites

eruginosus, Germar.

castaneus. castaneus,

Linn.

sanguinicollis. Ischnodes sanguinicollis,

(Germ.) Panz.

—_—— tessellatus. Corymbites (sub-

gen. Actenice-

rus, Kiesenw.) tessellatus,

Linn.

Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Wotes on the

STepHens’ CasBinet, &c. GENUS. SPECIEs.

Clenicerus metallicus. Corymbites (sub- metallicus,

gen. Diacan- Payk.

thus (Kiesenw)

genus Dia-

canthus, Germ.)

Selatosomus eneus. Corymbites (Dia-

canthus) e@neus, Linn.

eruciatus (not in coll.) | ———~(————) cruciatus, Linn.

Cardiophorus thoracicus. Cardiophorus

(Eschsch.) — thoracicus,Fab.

—_. ruficollis. — ruficollis, Linn.

equiseti. —<—$— asellus, Erichs.

Note.—The true Elater equiseti of Herbst (Archiv. 114, 36)

belongs, according to Erichson and Kiesenwetter, to the

section of the genus Cardiophorus, in which the claws are

dentate ; Stephens’ insect has them simple, and appears to

agree better, on the whole, with Erichson’s description of

C. asellus ; there is, however, in Stephens’ collection a

specimen of a Cardiophorus, in which the claws are dentate

(it stands, with specimens of C. asellus, under the name of

“‘ Cordiger’ in the collection) ; this specimen I am inclined

to refer to the C. cinereus of Erichson (later cinereus,

Herbst). Of the same species there are two or three

specimens in Leach’s collection.

Aplotarsus testaceus. Corymbites (Lio-

trichus, Kie-

senw.) quercus, Gyll.

var.

ochropterus. a do. -.+do.

—— rufipes. ——— —— quercus, Gyll.

quercus (not in coll.)

—_————- tibialis. —____— quercus, Gyll.

Ctenonychus hirtus. Synaptus

(Eschsch.) —_filzformis, Fab.

Athous rhombeus. Athous

(Eschsch.) — rhombeus, Oliv.

; niger, L.

pos ; hirhias: Herbst.

hemorrhoidalis. ——— hemorrhoida-

lis, Fab.

Species of Elateride in the Stephensian Cabinet. 938

SrerpHens’ Casinet, &c. GENUS. SPECIEs.

Athous elongatus. A griotes

(Eschsch.) — pilosus ? Panz.

The insect in Stephens’ cabinet is a rubbed and mutilated

specimen, apparently of the Agriotes pilosus (Elater pilosus,

Panz.). It is the only British example (and a very doubtful

one) of this insect I have seen.

Athous subfuscus. |

Certainly not the Llater subfuscus of Gyllenhal, as Mr. Ste-

phens supposed, but a mere variety, as it appears to me,

of the Athous vittatus.

Athous

(Eschsch.) vittatus, Fab. .

vittatus.

angularis.

The same as Stephens’ 4. subfuscus.

longicollis,Oliv.

longicollis.

Campylus linearis. Campylus

(Fischer). — linearis, Linn.

94 Mr. W. W. Saunders on the

V. On the Genus Erycina, Linn., with Descriptions of

some New Species. By W. Witson Saunpers, Esq.,

ERS. ke:

[Read Jan. 7th, 1858.]

In the year 1849 I laid before the ‘‘ Entomological Society” de-

scriptions of several new species of the genus Lrycina, Linn., toge-

ther with an enumeration of the species which had been previously

described. Since that period the exertions of collectors in tropical

America have brought to light other species which are new to

science, and further information regarding the known species has

reached this country, so that it appears desirable again to take the

genus Erycina in hand, and place the new matter before the Society,

in a paper which will form a continuation of the one already pub-

lished on the same subject in the Society’s Transactions. Mr.

Westwood, since that paper was written, has revised the whole

family of Erycinide in the ‘Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera,” where

he makes but little alteration in the view I held of the tailed

species forming but a single genus—the true Erycinas. ‘The only

change he proposes is the separation of the clear-winged species,

considering them generically distinct, and placing them under the

name Zeonia. In the prepriety of this I think he is justified, as

further study of the species shows that they have characters which

well and distinctly separate them from the nearest allied forms of

the restricted genus Lrycina. Mr. Westwood, in the work alluded

to, described one new species of Erycina under the name of Bel-

phegor, and this is the only addition to the tailed species which

has taken place since my first paper was written. Of species

nearly allied to the true Erycinas, Mr. Westwood, in the same

work, described certain tail-less forms, placing them in two new

genera, Necyria and Lyropteriz. In the following sketch I shall

include the new species falling under these genera, as they are

associated with the true ELrycinas by some Entomologists, and

should be treated of at the same time.

Genus Erycina. 95

The species, which I yet retain under the generic term Erycina,

seem to fall into the following seven sections :—

1. Rhetus, Swain.

2. Diorina, Morisse.

8. Melibea, W. W. Saunders,

4, Rodina, Westwood.

5. Nirodia, Westwood.

6. Euerycina, W. W. Saunders.

7. Riodina, Westwood.

Of these sections, the Ist and 2nd, Rhetus and Diorina, have

been distinguished by the authors whose names stand against

them, and are known by the great length of the tail. They pass

one into the other without any well-marked division. Section 3,

which I name Melibea, is distinguished by short rounded tails

in the males, which have blue metallic reflections on the under-

side of the wings. The females where known are dissimilar in

colouring and form to the males, and further information respecting

them will probably show that the species of this section will form

a good generic group. Section 4, Rodina, Westwood, consists of

female insects, some of which I have no doubt will prove to be the

males of the section Melibea. Section 5, Nirodia, Westwood, is

composed of a single female, but it is so different.in form and

markings to the individuals of section 4, that it is necessary to

place it at present in a distinct section. Section 6, Luerycina, is

a form of which both sexes are known; and the posterior wing,

attenuated into a long tail, distinguishes it readily from the other

sections. This seems to claim generic distinction, but in our pre-

sent imperfect acquaintance of the true Lrycinas I prefer to leave

it where it is. The same may be said of the last section, 7,

Riodina, Westwood, consisting only of the well-known and dis-

tinct form Lysippus, of which the female sex has only yet been

detected.

In my former paper I enumerated twenty-five species of Ery-

cina, since which, if the species falling under the genera Necyria

and Lyropteryx be included—four fresh ones have been added—

three by Mr. Westwood and one by Mr. Hewitson, making a total

of twenty-nine. With the additions which will be found here-

after, the species will amount to forty-four. Of these both the

sexes are known of ten; the males only of sixteen; the females

only of twelve, and six species have the sex undetermined. Look-

ing to the amount of unpaired males and females, there can be

little doubt, that, hereafter, this number will be considerably re-

96 Mr. W. W. Saunders on the

duced by a more extended study of the species by those who have

an opportunity of seeing them alive in their native baunts.

The following table will give a concise view of the species at

present known; their arrangement into genera and sections; the

information obtained regarding the sexes, and the countries the

species inhabit.

ZEONIA, Swainson.

Oclaviiis, Babin. «s% os ayeelviace aisisie\e-asis Guinea.

Amazon, W. W. Saund. « 6 and @ .. Amazon region.

Bogota, W. W. Saund. ¢@ ......... New Grenada.

Batesii, W. W. Saund. ¢ and @ .. Amazon region.

Timandra, W. W. Saund. & ....-.. Brazil, New Granada.

Xantippe,G. R. Gray. $ .......- Brazil.

Heliconoides, Swain. ¢ and @ ...... Brazil.

Erycina, Lin.

Ist Section. Rhetus, Swain.

Baites “Clerk. . (2. aAWd 9 cs «ce ae wo amek Brazil, Venezuela.

Whetus, Cram. .:3.vwe.s02 efor sisteciats o, DUrINAl.

Huana, W. W. Saund. @ ........ Amazon region.

dihid, \NVOress@s2 36) Vaiss entew isk ..-.- Mexico, Honduras.

A risloderus, “BOIS: '>0\s ssi shone = ie .- Cayenne.

2nd Section. Diorina, Morisse.

WGAONOME. VO ANG “Dw aie areye wioic bose . Brazil, Venezuela.

Dyson, W. W. Saund. ¢ and @ .. Venezuela.

PSCCHS AGUS vio .stsicic + «ais sieleis 5s »-+e Bolivia.

Tphinee, Aub. 6 and 2 Reiss sieves

3rd Section. Melibea, W. W. Saunders.

Atahualpa, W. W.Saund. ¢ ...... New Grenada.

Montezeuma, W. W.Saund. ¢@ .... Mexico.

uascar,. WW. Saunds (ode%s osib3 6% New Grenada.

Julia; Doub.’ ys and 19) (53% scjn vate Amazon region.

ies, WW Ssaunds six doa heee . (Peru?

Payteius, Crani PES se ois kkk tile aicnte Amazon region.

Colubra, W. W. Saund. «¢> <...<%2% Amazon region (Ega).

Inca, W.. Wi. Saunds i Gtaese eater oes Mexico.

Genus Erycina. 97

4th Section. Rodinia, West.

Gliploma WON: OO wie cia ee =o ocs 5 Brazil (Para).

Parana, OUD. OS. 6 aos sate ors + Side Brazil (Bahia).

Thala OFT area phe es Surinam.

Aes eS) PAM: Dati chc ce cles = le Ce 6 Surinam.

Jurgensenti, W. W.Saund. @ ...... Mexico.

EYL, Wee We AUN. Oo cheese «5.0 eae een Ue

UACTIONGEY: MOTAIN © | | Dope e a. ory oke-sioce « Surinam.

Gralla Ws Watsaunds._. Os. sis oi sds'0 es New Grenada.

5th Section. Nirodia, West.

Belnhezor., West.) © Qs «5 deie cides sie Amazon region.

6th Section, Euerycina, W. W. Saunders.

Calphurnia, W. W. Saund. ¢ and @. Amazon region.

7th Section. Riodina, West.

LOTER fa ROOSEO crepe wyecaetcer cle Brazil (Para), &c.

Necyria, West.

Bellona, Westin sos cen oacdtee seta sae - West Brazil.

Henitsonii, W. W. Sonn Q ...-.. New Grenada.

naunderst, Hlewit... (O° Yee asics cance New Grenada.

Manco; W... Wz. Saund.- “S* ote ac New Grenada.

Maclloniag Wests. xs se.0 ot eentens New Grenada.

Manag Ws W. Saund...-$ s< 520-10 Amazon region.

Lyrorterix, West.

Apollonia, West. ¢ and Q ........ Amazon region.

CEBStCRONC WV EStSrs ctor a1 s-aiacei veces. ¢) DAZ.

Lyra, W. W. Saund,. 6 ........++ New Grenada.

The figures accompanying this paper are contributed by my

excellent friend Mr. W. C. Hewitson, whose talent in delineating

Lepidopterous insects needs no comment on my part. I am

greatly obliged to him for them.

Zeonia Amazon, W. W. Saund. (Pl. X. figs. 3 and 4.)

Anterior wings rather pointed, transparent, with a small black

‘patch at the base; the anterior margin, the lateral margin, the

nervures and a transverse somewhat notched band arising on the

VOL. V. N.S. PART Ill,—SEPT. 18959, H

98 Mr. W. W. Saunders on the

anterior margin, about one-third the length of the wing from the

base, and terminating just within the posterior angle, of the same

colour. Posterior wings somewhat elongated, transparent, with

the internal and external margins margined with black, and a

black band in continuation of the transverse band of the anterior

wings crossing the wing and running nearly parallel with the exte-

rior margin, terminated with diverging, slender, strap-shaped tails

about half the length of the wing, black, with the tips margined

with white, and having at their base a large somewhat triangular

crimson patch crossing the wing nearly from side to side. Under-

side of wings of the same colour and markings as the upper,

except that there appears one or two small white specks on the

crimson patch at the base of the tails. Head, antenne, body and

legs black. ‘The females resemble the males, except that they

are rather larger, with the anterior wings less pointed; the abdo-

men more globose and massive, and the anterior legs made for

walking.

Expansion of wings, males 13, females 1? inch.

In my own Collection, and that of the British Museum and Mr.

Hewitson. :

The species was sent from the Upper Amazon region in some

numbers by Mr. Bates. It is very closely allied to P. Octavius,

Fab., but differs in its larger size, the shorter diverging tails and

in the abdomen not being tipped with yellow at the apex.

Zeonia Bogota, W. W. Saunders.

The anterior wings are transparent; above, with the base,

nervures, anterior margin, exterior margin, and a transverse

band crossing the wing from near the centre of the anterior

margin to just within the anal angle, black. Posterior wings

are rather full, rounded on the exterior margin, contracted

towards the apex, and thence spreading backwards in a straight

direction for a distance equal to one-third their length, and termi-

nated by a long narrow rather diverging tail, transparent, above

with the nervures, interior and exterior margins, the produced por-

tion of the tail, and a longitudinal narrow band arising from under

the band of the anterior wings, and directed towards the apex of

the abdomen, black, excepting a crimson somewhat oval elongated

transverse spot, with a white speck at the external margin, which

crosses the end of the produced part of the wing; wings below

nearly as above, the crimson spot only being margined posteriorly

by a white interrupted line. Head, antenne, legs and abdomen’

black.

Expansion of wings 1,7, inch.

Genus Erycina. "99

From Bogota, in the Collection of the British Museum,

This species most nearly resembles Z. Amazon, but is imme-

diately distinguished from it by the shape and smaller size of the

crimson spot on the hinder wings. From Z. atest it is distin-

guished by its larger size and the shape of the hinder wings, which

have a transverse black band.

Zeonia Batesii, W. W. Saund. (PI. X. figs. 1 and 2.)

Anterior wings much pointed, transparent, with the base,.ante-

rior margin, outer margin, nervures and a nearly central transverse

band, black. Posterior wings narrow, about twice the length of

the body, terminated by a long narrow tail-like appendage in con-

tinuation of the outer margin, and nearly as long as the wing;

and also by a sharp-pointed tooth-like projection in continuation

of the inner margin, transparent, with a black band along the

inner and outer margins, uniting before the apex, and forming

there a large black patch, which is crossed in the centre by a

crimson slightly curved band nearly as long as the wing is broad,

and having below an obsolete band of minute white spots. The

nervures, tail and tooth-like projection of the hinder wings are

black. The underside of the wings are marked as the upper. The

head, antennz, body and legs are black.

Expansion of wings 1 ,3, inch.

Collected in the Upper Amazon region by Mr. Bates.

In the Collections of the British Museum, W. W. Saunders, &c.

The female is very similar to the male in size, colour and mark-

ings, chiefly differing in the anterior wings being more rounded

on the exterior margin, making them appear less pointed, and in

the tails being greatly diverging and somewhat curved inwards.

In Mr. Hewitson’s Collection.

This is a small species, with well-marked characters, having in

the hinder wings no longitudinal band, as in all the other species

of this section. |

Zeonia Heliconoides, Swain. @. (PI. X. fig. 5.)

Under an impression that the figure given in the “ Zoological

Illustrations” of Mr. Swainson, pl. 3, 2nd Series, was that of the

male of this species, the female was figured in the accompanying

Pl. X. fig. 5. Examining the details given by Mr. Swainson

there can be no doubt that his figure represents a female. A

second figure of the female of so rare an insect will not be, how-

H 2

100 Mr. W. W. Saunders on the

ever, out of the way in this place, particularly as there are some

differences, such as the larger and broader crimson spot at the

base of the tails, and the greater width of the black band on the

outer margin of the anterior wings. The specimen figured is in

my own Collection, and was, I believe, obtained from Brazil.

Erycina Huana, W.W. Saunders.

The anterior wings are pointed, with the exterior margin curved

outwards, black, crossed by two white semi-transparent bands, one

straight and rather broad near the base, and the other slightly

curved outwards, commencing on the anterior margin midway

between the apex and the basal band, and terminating on the

hinder margin near the anal angle; the band is unequal in width,

being narrowed both anteriorly and posteriorly. Hinder wings

much elongated, contracted in the middle, with the interior margin

straight, terminated by a narrow-pointed diverging tail-like ap-

pendage, half the length of the wing, and in continuation of the

outer margin; black, with a semi-transparent band in continuation

of the basal band of the upper wing, running down the disc of the

wing nearly centrally, rather broad, gradually growing to a point,

and terminating about half the length of the wing; also with a

thread-like streak of bluish-white along the upper portion of the

outer margin; two crimson spots crossing the wing a little below

the greatest contraction, one largish, triangular, on the inner

margin, the other minute, round on the disc, and a line of small

greyish-blue spots, a little behind the crimson spots, nearly cross-

ing the wing and inclining towards the tail, which are margined

with white interiorly at the base, and crossed with many lines

of minute greyish freckles. The head and antenne are black.

Thorax bluish-black above, below dark brown, with the legs and

abdomen of the same colour. The underside of the wings are

marked as the upper, except that there is a small crimson spot on

the anterior margin of the first pair at the base.

Expansion of wings 1,3, inch.

From the Amazon region, collected by Mr. Bates.

In my own Collection.

This isa ¢ insect, and nearly related to the ¢ of Butes, but

quite different in the shape of the posterior wings, as well as in

the character and position of the markings and its smaller size.

It resembles also the Rhetus of Cramer, differing again in the

shape of the hind wings and the bands of the fore wings. It

Genus Erycina. 101

might turn out to be the ¢ of Rhetus, should Cramer’s insect be

a 2, which I think it is.

Erycina Atahualpa, W.W. Saunders. (PI. XI. fig. 14.)

The anterior wings are pointed; above black, with a narrow

straight crimson band crossing from the anterior to the posterior

margin in a slanting direction, so as to touch the latter about the

centre; below black, with two irregular broad bright shining

steel-blue bands crossing the wing in the same direction as the

crimson band above. ‘The posterior wings are elongated, and.

produced into a short broad somewhat diverging tail, with two

slight blunt teeth on the inner margin, and three projections of

the same kind on the outer margin; above black, with a crimson

band arising immediately under the termination of the band of the

upper wing, and running thence in a slanting direction towards

the anal angle, where it terminates with a slight curve inwards,

leaving the margin free; also with a crimson spot on the inner

margin near the apex of the abdomen, and a row of six brilliant

blue rounded spots running between the crimson band and the

outer margin, and crossing the base of the broad tail, which itself

is blue in certain lights, and has two white specks on its inner

margin, and three white specks of the same character occur in the

indentures of the teeth on the outer margin of the wing; beneath

black, with two bright shining steel-blue bands of the same de-

scription as those of the anterior wings, one at the base and the

other on the exterior margin, corresponding with the row of blue

spots on the upper surface; also with an elongated crimson spot

agreeing in position with the crimson spot on the upper surface.

Head, antenne, body and legs black.

Expansion of wings 1.8, inch.

Inhabits New Grenada.

In the Collection of Mr. Hewitson.

This species approaches very closely to Ery. Montezeuma,

W.W. Saunders, from Mexico. It differs in the deep black of

the ground colour of the upperside of the wing, the absence of a

second band on the anterior wings, and of the large crimson spot at

the base of the tail. The bright blue spots on the upper surface

of the posterior wings are also larger, rounder and more decided.

The specimen described, the only one I have seen, isa 3.

Erycina Huascar, W.W. Saunders. (Pl. XI. fig. 15.)

Black ; anterior wings rather pointed above, with a broadish,

102 Mr. W. W. Saunders on the

nearly straight band crossing the wing from a point near the an-

terior margin, about one-third its length from the base of the wing,

and terminating on the posterior margin, about the same relative

distance from the posterior angle. ‘This band only reaches the

costal nervure, showing beyond a mere speck of the crimson

colour; below with brilliant steel-blue reflections, crossed with

black nervures, and leaving a black band at the base, and another

of the same colour, nearly corresponding in position with the

crimson band, on the upper side. Posterior wings subtrigonate,

terminated with a short, somewhat sharply pointed, diverging tail,

with a straight uniform crimson band of about half the width of

the band of the anterior wings, and arising immediately below it,

and thence running nearly parallel to the outer margin to a short

distance beyond the apex of the abdomen, where it terminates on

the disc of the wing. A little above this point, on the inner

margin of the wing, is a small crimson spot. At the base of the

tail, running across the narrow portion of the wing, is a row of

three minute blue spots. The tail has two broadish teeth on the

inner margin, with white specks in the indentures, and there are

three white specks on the outer margin of the wing. The under-

side of the posterior wings have the same brilliant blue reflections

as on the anterior wings, with a black band crossing them, nearly

corresponding with the crimson band on the upperside, and also

a little within the inner margin a large round crimson spot, just

behind the termination of the abdomen, and a small white spot on

the same margin at the base of the tail.

Expansion of wings 2 inches.

Inhabits New Grenada.

In the Collection of Mr. Hewitson.

This is the largest species of the section, and with very dis-

tinctly marked characters. ‘The specimen in Mr. Hewitson’s Col-

lection is a male.

Erycina Etias, W. W. Saunders. (PI. XI. fig. 11.)

Anterior wings rather pointed, and rounded on the exterior

margin; above purplish black, with a narrow nearly straight

crimson band crossing the wing from a point nearly central on the

anterior margin to a point also nearly central on the posterior

margin, and also with an ill-defined bluish line-like curved band

between the crimson band and the exterior margin, running

nearly midway between them; below velvety black, with two

bright steel blue shining bands, which change to vivid green in

Genus Erycina. 103

certain lights, and which are traversed with black nervures.

These bands cross the wing, running into the anterior margin,

which is lined with the same brilliant colour, leaving a triangular

patch at the base, a central oblong transverse space, and a gra-

dually diminishing band, broadest at the apex, along the external

margin, of the ground colour. Posterior wings rather narrow and

terminated with a short blunt somewhat diverging tail ; above

purplish black, the tail and external margin purplish blue in cer-

tain lights, with a narrow crimson band in continuation of the

crimson band of the anterior wing, running across the middle of

the wing nearly parallel with the outer margin, and suddenly

bending upwards and gradually vanishing a little below the apex

of the abdomen before it reaches the anterior margin. Behind

this band, and midway between it and the tip of the tail, is a long,

narrow, rather wavy, crescent-shaped patch of crimson colour,

nearly crossing the base of the tail, curving upwards before it

reaches the outer margin, where it runs into an obsolete bluish

band which passes alongside the margin and nearly midway be-

tween it and the crimson band; on the outer margin are four

specks of white in the indentations, and two more in like situa-

tions at the tip of the tail; below velvety black, with the base

and anterior margin of the same shining blue as that on the un-

derside of the anterior wings, and a broad band of the same blue

colour on the outer margin, leaving a broad central band, a line

along the outer margin, and the interior margin of the tip of the

tail, of the ground colour. The blue base of the wing and band

of the same colour on the outer margin are crossed with black

nervures. Head, antenne, body and legs black, except the an-

terior pair, which are steel-blue.

Expansion of wings 1-8, inch.

In my own Collection. Received from Peru.

The specimen described is a @, which strongly resembles Py-

retas, Cram., but differs in the shorter and blunter tails, in having

the crimson bands of the upper surface of the wings narrower,

and in the disposition of the metallic blue bands and markings of

the underside of the wings.

Erycina Colubra, W. W. Saund. (PI. XI. fig. 12.)

The anterior wings are sharply pointed, with the outer margin

somewhat indented ; above black, with a rather broad crimson

straight band, crossing the wing from a point on the outer margin

a little within the centre and terminating near the centre of the

posterior margin, the band being somewhat broader at its termi-

104 Mr. W. W. Saunders on the

nation; also with a very obsolete scarcely apparent reddish-

brown band running midway between the crimson band and the

exterior margin, which is marked with spots in the spaces between

the termination of the nervures ; below brilliant shining blue, ex-

cept the apex and the nervures, which are black. Posterior wings

elongate, with three teeth on the exterior margin, tapering and

terminating with a broad obtuse scarcely diverging tail, which has

three blunt teeth at the apex ; above black, with a narrow straight

crimson band in continuation of the broader band of the anterior

wings, and terminating on the disc a little beyond the apex of the

abdomen, and a large crimson nearly semicircular patch crossing

the base of the tail, the curved side of the patch being directed

towards the tail, and also a very narrow reddish-brown band be-

tween the crimson band and the outer margin. On the indenta-

tions of the outer margin of the wing there are three white specks,

and there are two white specks in like situations at the tip of the

tail; below coloured as above, except the space in front of the

crimson spot is brilliant blue, with the nervures marked with

black, and there is also a faint bluish tinge on the apex of the

tail. Head, antennee, body and legs velvety black, except the

anterior pair of legs, which are blue.

Expansion of the wings 13, inch.

Discovered at Ega, on the River Amazon, by Mr. Bates.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

I have only seen males of this elegant but small species. The

nearly straight broad tails, with large crimson spot at the base,

distinguish the species from all its congeners at once. |

Erycina Eryxo, W. W. Saunders. (PI. XI. fig. 13.)

Anterior wings rather short and obtuse at the apex; above

black-brown, with a broad straight white band arising on the

anterior margin about one-third of its length from the base, and

proceeding to the middle of the posterior margin, gradually in-

creasing in width until it is nearly double what it was at its com-

mencement. About midway between this and the exterior margin

there is an ill-defined narrow whitish band curved outwards run-

ning across the wing; below as above, except that the narrow band

is broader, whiter and better defined. Posterior wings rather

short, terminating in a broad rather long-pointed diverging tail ;

above blackish brown, with a broad white band in continuation of

the broad band of the anterior wing running nearly parallel with

the interior margin and curving suddenly nearly at right angles

Genus Erycina. 105

until the margin is reached. This curved portion of the band is

narrower and bright vermilion in colour. Nearly midway be-

tween the white band and the exterior margin is a very faint line-

like whitish-brown wavy band, about the length of the broader

band, and in the indentations of the exterior margin are three

white specks. There is also a wavy vermilion band crossing the

base of the tail from the outer margin, in a direction nearly

parallel to the internal margin of the tail, until it reaches the

internal margin of the wing, just before which it runs up and joins

the vermilion portion of he broader band by an angular projec-

tion. The tail is tipped with a small white patch, and there are

three white specks in the indentations of its inner margin; below

very nearly as above. Head, body, antenne and legs black.

Expansion of wings 1%; inch.

From Peru.

In my own Collection.

This female, somewhat resembling E. Jurgensenii from Mexico

in colour, but very different in its markings and much smaller in

size. It is, I expect, a female of one of the species in the section

Melibea.

Erycina Ocollo, W. W. Saunders. (PI. X. figs. 6 and 7.)

The head, antenne and body are black. The palpi short,

searcely projecting beyond the front of the head. The anterior

wings are large and full; the exterior margin curved outwards ;

above black, with a broad bright orange band passing in a slanting

direction, from about the centre of the anterior margin to the

exterior margin near the anal angle, and with an ill-defined narrow

yellowish-brown band running about midway between the apex of

the wing and the orange band, and nearly parallel with the latter ;

below the colouring is as above, except that the apical band is

white, crossed with black nervures. The posterior wings are full

and rather short, terminated by a sharp-pointed rather long very

diverging tail. They are black, with a central yellow band broken

in the middle, wide at its commencement near the centre of the

anterior margin, and terminating at the apex of the abdomen.

Behind the yellow band is an angular row of spots between it and

the apex of the wing; those near the outer margin yellow and

parallel with the margin; the remainder white, running parallel

with the apex of the wing. A broad bright patch of blue, crossed

with black nervures, occupies the surface of the wing between

106 Mr. W. W. Saunders on the

the white spots and the broken portion of the yellow band. The

inner margin of the tail has three elongated white spots upon it.

The under surface of the posterior wings differs from the upper

in having the yellow band continuous, the band of spots all white

and larger in size, and being devoid of the blue patch of colour.

A @ variety occurs where the posterior wings want on both sur-

faces the apical band; and the posterior wings have the yellow

band reduced to a triangular patch on the anterior margin on both

surfaces, and the band of spots is not so decided on the upper

side, but the blue patch is spread over more of the disc of the

wing. See Pl. X. fig. 6.

Expansion of wings 1,9, inch.

Inhabits New Grenada.

In the Collection of Mr. Hewitson.

A very distinct and beautiful species, apparently given to vari-

ations, and quite unlike any yet discovered.

Erycina Calphurma, W. W. Saunders. &. (PI. X. fig. 8.)

In my former paper on the Erycinide, in the ‘‘ Transactions of

the Entomological Society,” I described the female of this species,

that sex being only then known. Since the publication of that

paper, Mr. Bates has sent from the Amazon region the male,

which differs from the female in the following respects. In having

the transverse white bands of the wings narrower, the one on the

posterior wings not arising so immediately under the termination

of the band of the anterior wing, and terminating on the disc of

the wing before the wing is half traversed; in having a red

streak of colour extending along the internal margin of the pos-

terior wing from the base to the tail; in having the tails some-

what longer and glossed above with a delicate pale greyish-blue

colour, and on the underside in having a little more of the red

colour at the base of the tails.

Expansion of wings 1? inch.

The nature of the long tail-like appendages to the posterior

wings, alike in both sexes and general style of colouring, makes

me place this species in a section by itself, to which I give the

name of Luerycina, and probably, when the transformation of the

species are known, this section will form a good sub-genus.

Necyria Hewitsonii, W. W. Saunders. (PI. X. figs. 9 and 10.)

The head and antenne are black. ‘The anterior wings are

above black, with a transverse rather broad crimson curved band

Genus Erycina. 107

crossed with black nervures, commencing near the middle of the

anterior margin, where it is the broadest, and passing thence

towards the outer margin, and terminating almost in a point near

the anal angle, after running for a short distance parallel with the

outer margin ; below nearly as above, but the transverse band is

broader and paler in colour, and the black colour has a steel-blue

iridescence. Posterior wings above black, with a rather broad

band of bright blue colour crossed with black nervures running

parallel with the outer margin and at a short distance from it,

and six spots of a whitish colour in the fringe. Below steel-blue,

with the nervures strongly marked with black, and some pale

crimson streaks forming a patch of colour on the inner margin

just below the apex of the abdomen; body and legs black.

Expansion of wings 2 inches.

Received from New Grenada.

In the Collection of Mr. Hewitson.

This is a well-marked and beautiful species, apparently given

to variations, as Mr. Hewitson possesses a specimen with the

crimson band in the anterior wings somewhat broader than in the

type, and the posterior wings above having two small crimson

spots on the blue band near the anterior margin, and below an

irregular pale crimson band crossed with black nervures running

parallel with the hinder margin. Females only of this species are

known,

Necyria Manco, W. W. Saunders. (Pl. XI. fig. 16.)

The head and antenne are black. The anterior wings are

rather pointed, above black, and crossed near the centre with a

narrow somewhat curved uniform crimson band. Between the

band and the outer margin, and running parallel with the former,

is a row of seven rather large indistinct bluish spots, nearly touch-

ing each other and forming an irregular band; below black, with

brilliant blue markings, somewhat larger than those above, and a

crimson spot on the middle of the hinder margin. Posterior

wings black, with a crimson curved band in continuation of the

one on the anterior wings, and crossing the wing about the centre

to the interior margin, and a row of bright blue shining somewhat

rectangular spots between the band and the outer margin, forming

an irregular band parallel both with the band and margin, in which

are six white specks of colour; below black, with brilliant blue

markings, similar somewhat to those above, and a crimson band

uniform in position to the one above, but broader towards the

108 Mr. W. W. Saunders on the

inner margin, and terminating ina point before the anterior margin

is reached. Body and legs black.

Expansion of wings 24 inches.

Received from New Grenada.

In Mr. Hewitson’s Collection.

Males of this beautiful and distinct species have not as yet been

sent to this country.

Necyria Tapaja, W. W. Saunders. (PI. XI. figs. 17 and 18.)

The anterior wings are above deep brownish-black, with a rather

broad, transverse, straight, somewhat irregular crimson band, com-

mencing near the anterior margin about one-third the length of

the margin from the base of the wing, and proceeding to a point

on the posterior margin a little within the posterior angle. Be-

tween the band and the outer margin of the wing is a line of

minute white specks about six in number, commencing near the

posterior angle and running in a curved direction towards the

anterior margin, somewhat parallel to the outer margin of the

wing. The wings below are as above, except that the crimson

band is wanting all but a small patch on the posterior margin ; the

line of white specks larger, and the ground colour of the wings

not so dark. Posterior wings above deep brownish-black, with

an irregular, largish, crescent-shaped crimson spot on the disc of

each wing a little below the centre, the direction of the spot

lengthways being parallel to the inner margin of the wings. Un-

derside brownish black, with an ill-defined row of six to eight

minute white specks running in a curve a short distance from the

hinder margin. Head, antennz, body and legs black. There is

an interesting male variety in Mr. Hewitson’s collection (see

fig. 18), having no crimson patch on the disc of the posterior

wings, and having a larger crimson patch on the underside of the

anterior wings. It is also rather larger in size.

Expansion of wings 2 inches.

Sent from the the river Tapajos, Amazon region, by Mr. Bates.

In my own and other Collections.

This is a very distinct species, differing from all others yet de-

scribed, except Beliona, in the entire want of blue markings on

the upper surface of the posterior wings, and from that species in

the position and size of the crimson markings on the wings; also

in the greater size of the posterior wings, which are more rounded

posteriorly than in its congeners.

Genus Erycina. 109

Lyropteryx Apollonia, Westwood. @. (Pl. XI. fig. 19.)

The anterior wings are full and much rounded on the outer

margin; above black, except two or three minute crimson spots

near the base, and a broad band of brownish-white line-like

markings taking the direction of the nerves of the wing on the

outer margin; below, black towards the base, near which are four

crimson rounded spots; the remainder of the wing traversed by

brownish-white lines in the direction of the nervures; fringe

black. Posterior wings above black at the base, near which are

two or three minute crimson spots, and on the exterior margin a

broad crimson band, into which the black colour of the base runs

in many pointed radiating lines in the direction of the nervures ;

below black, with ten unequal sized crimson rounded spots on the

basal half, the other portion being pale crimson, traversed in the

direction of the nervures with black lines, proceeding from the

black colour of the base of the wing; fringe white. Head, an-

tennz, body and legs black, except the abdomen, which is short

and stout and spotted with crimson on the sides near the apex.

Expansion of the wings 2¢ inches.

From the Amazon region.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

The foregoing description is that of a female, which, looking to

the crimson spotting of the base of the wings and the band of

line-like markings of the anterior wings, I believe to be the @ of

L. Apollonia, Westwood, the male of which is in the National Col-

lection, and was well figured in the “ Genera of Diurnal Lepi-

doptera,” pl. 72, fig. 1.

Lyropteryx Lyra, W. W. Saunders.

The anterior wings are sharply pointed; above velvety black,

with a broad band on the outer margin of about seventeen bluish-

white line-like markings running in the direction of the nervures,

the band being at the apex of the wing one-third the length of the

anterior margin, and gradually narrowing as it approaches the

posterior angle, and having its inner margin somewhat curved

outwards; fringe black; below brownish-black, with five small

crimson spots placed near each other towards the base, and the

remainder of the wing covered with white radiating lines, taking

the direction of the nervures and gradually increasing in width as

they approach the outer margin. Posterior wings with the anal

angle elongated into a well-defined projection; above velvety

110. Mr. W. W. Saunders on the Genus Erycina.

black, with a band of about one-fourth the length of the wing in

width, on the outer margin, of radiating blue lines; fringe white ;

below brownish-black, with nine irregularly-sized rounded crimson

spots near the base, two of which, the largest in size, are on the

fold of the wing, the remainder of the wing being covered with

white lines radiating in the direction of the nervures and increasing

in width as they approach the posterior margin. Head, antenne,

thorax, legs and abdomen black, except two lines along the sides

of the Jatter near the apex, which are crimson.

Expansion of wings 2 inches.

From Bogota.

In the Collection at the British Museum.

This species is a near approach to L. Apollonia, Westwood,

but differs in its smaller size, more pointed anterior wings, the

much smaller width of the marginal band of blue line-like mark-

ings on the upper surface of the same, and in other respects. The

description is made from a male, the only sex known.

CA)

VI. Descriptions of Twenty-Five Species of Indian Micro-

Lepidoptera. By H. T. Srainron, Esq., F.L.S., &e.

[Read 6th Dec. 1858 ]

Ir is now nearly three years ago since T read before this Society

“Descriptions of Three Species of Indian Micro-Lepidoptera,”

which had been reared from the larvee at Calcutta, by Mr. Atkin-

son. The species of which I then communicated descriptions

were all belonging to the families of the smaller Tineima, one

being an aberrant Coriscium,* and the others referable to the genera

Phyllocnistis and Lithocolletis respectively.

I have since then received two consignments of insects from

Mr. Atkinson, who still remains at Calcutta pursuing his Ento-

mological investigations there. The last box of insects I received

contained such a number of beautiful and interesting species,

that I determined to lose no time in communicating to the Society

descriptions of them. I have at present not had time to investi-

gate the whole, but having examined twenty-five of the species, I

now give my observations thereon, and hope at an early subse-

quent meeting to give descriptions of twenty-five more species.

One great impediment to the rapid investigation of these Indian

Micros is their bizarre and unexpected forms; very few of the

specimens are prepared to fall into any of our European genera ;

but in some cases there is an analogy or affinity with existing

genera so strong, that not wishing a wholesale creation of genera,

which is always apt to be perplexing to the future student, I have

preferred to refer them doubtfully to existing genera, pointing

out at the same time their discordant characters.

In two instances only have I created new genera; thus for the

beautiful scarlet Clerodendronella, with its peculiarly formed an-

terior wings, singular antennze, remarkable hind legs and extra-

ordinary posture in repose, I have proposed the generic name of

Atkinsonia; and for two very pretty insects, somewhat allied

to Cosmopleryx, but with much shorter drooping palpi, the face

hollow and retreating, and a fillet in front of the head between

* For descriptions of Coriscium orientale, Phyllocnistis Citrella and Lithocolletis

Bauhinie, see Trans. Ent. Soc. yol, iii., N.S., pp. 301—303.

112 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Descriptions of

the antenne, I have constructed a new genus, Lozostoma ; both

these new genera belong to the family Elachistide.

One can scarcely help feeling lost in utter amazement at the

extraordinary variety of form and structure which the tropical

forms of the Micro-Lepidoptera occasionally assume, and it is im-

possible to foresee at the present day to what extent a rigorous

and systematic study of these insects from all parts of the world

would modify our existing arrangements ; we are too apt to work

exclusively from a European basis, and single representatives here

of extensive exotic families are apt to be forced in unpleasant alli-

ance with other groups to which they are in nowise related. Just

as the solitary European example of the Erycincde amongst the

Diurnal Lepidoptera, found itself formerly grouped with the Nym-

phalide ; and doubtless had we but a single representative of the

Noctuide here, we might for years have perplexed ourselves

whether it was a Bombyx or Geomelra, never conceiving that it

might represent a group distinct from either, and of equal im-

portance.

It may well be asked whether we are wise in insisting on the

insertion of the aberrant Lepidoptera, such as the Cochliopodide, the

Chloephoride, &c. in some of the main larger groups—did these

small families contain hundreds of species, should we not have

formed them into groups by themselves? and why should we,

because their numbers are few, adopt a different view of their re-

Jations and arrangement ?

But with these brief preliminary remarks I proceed with my

task, namely, the descriptions of the twenty-five species.

Tinea longicornis, n. sp.

. Cerostoma rugosella, n. sp.

. Cerostoma albofasciella, n. sp.

Anarsia candida, un. sp.

Depressaria Ricini, Atkinson, in litt.

Depressaria Zizyphi, Atkinson, in litt.

Depressaria ?. Ricinella, Atkinson, in litt.

Gelechia? Hibisci, Atkinson, in litt.

Gelechia? pubescentella, n. sp.

Gelechia simpliciella, n. sp.

Gelechia marginipunctella, n. sp.

Parasia? apicipunctella, n. sp.

13. Gicophora subganomella, n. sp.

14. Butalis triocellata, n. sp.

15. Gracilaria? auricilla, n. sp.

16. Gracilaria? falcatella, n. sp.

SOMNANE & WH

—

COS

Species of Indian Micro-Lepidoptera. 113

17. Gracilaria? ustulatella, n. sp.

18. Ornix ? albifrons, n. sp.

19. Cosmopteryx Asiatica, n. sp.

20. Cosmopteryx ? semicoccinea, n. sp.

21. Cosmopteryx ? e@neella, n. sp.

22. Lozostoma flavofasciata, n. sp.

23. Lozostoma semisulphurea, n. sp.

24. Atkinsonia Clerodendronella, Atkinson, in litt.

25. Laverna? Mimose, Atkinson, in litt.

1. Tinea longicornis, n. sp.

Alis anticis lucidis ochreo-griseis, fascia basim versus, maculis

duabus suboppositis in medio, margineque postico fuscis.

Exp. al. 33—432 lin.

A true Tinea allied to Nigripunctella, and resembling it in the

length of the antennze, which are far longer than the anterior

wings; the colour of this species is, however, more analogous to

that of dark specimens of Pellionel/a, but the markings are very

differently placed.

Head and face brownish. Palpi brownish-grey. Antenne

long, slender, brownish-grey.

Anterior wings shining greyish-ochreous, with an indistinct

broad brown fascia near the base; on the middle of the inner

margin is a distinct brown spot, and beyond it is a larger one on

the costa; the two together almost form an angulated fascia, but

do not touch; hind margin clouded with brown cilia, greyish-

ochreous. Posterior wings pale grey, with greyish-ochreous cilia.

I have before me two specimens, collected by Mr. Atkinson,

near Calcutta.

2. Cerostoma rugosella, n. sp.

Alis anticis fuscis, saturatiore marmorosis, dorsum versus satu-

ratioribus, squamis numerosis exasperatis, irregulariter dispo-

Sits.

Exp. al. 83 lin.

A singular looking insect, exhibiting some characters of Ochsen-

heimeria in conjunction with those of Cerostoma; the palpi have

long bristly scales, and the anterior wings are covered with erect

scales, placed irregularily.

It perhaps comes nearest to Cerostoma Horridella.

Head and face greyish-brown. Palpi dark grey, the second

joint with a projecting tuft, but composed of thick coarse seales ;

VOL. V. N.S. PART I1.—SEPT. 1859. I

114 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Descriptions of

terminal joint recurved, slender, brown at the base, the tip grey-

ish-ochreous. ;

Anterior wings brownish, marbled with darker, and with an ill-

defined dark cloud along the inner margin; scattered all over the

surface of the wing are numerous erect scales, one tuft near the

base being especially conspicuous; cilia brownish. Posterior

wings greyish-brown, with paler cilia.

A single specimen is before me, taken near Calcutta by Mr.

Atkinson. It is not in first-rate condition, but it has such a

striking appearance, that I thought it better to describe it.

3. Cerostoma albofasciella, n. sp.

Alis anticis brunneis, fascia lata media dorsum versus repan-

data alba, macula coste subapicalis, alteraque marginis

postici albis.

Exp. al. 5 lin.

A strikingly distinct species, different from anything else we

know.

Head and face whitish-brown; palpi rather whiter, the tuft of

the second joint thick but not long, tinged with brownish exter-

nally, terminal joint white. Antenne thick, pale brownish.

Anterior wings brown, marbled with darker, with a conspicuous

broad white fascia in the middle, broadest on the inner margin,

its inner edge being rather angulated, and its outer edge oblique ;

on the costa towards the apex is a small white spot, and a more

elongate one lies on the hind margin: in one specimen I have be-

fore me these white markings are slightly suffused with very pale

fuscous, and a small brownish spot lies on the inner margin to-

wards the outer edge of the fascia; cilia pale brown, intersected

by two whitish dashes below the apex. Posterior wings pale

grey, with paler cilia.

_I have before me two specimens, collected by Mr. Atkinson

near Calcutta.

4. Anarsia candida, n. sp.

Alis anticis niveis, nebulis brunnescentibus, maculis duabus disci

plumbeis, una ante, altera pone medium.

Exp. al. 6 lin.

A most lovely insect, totally unlike any known Anarsia or Ge-

lechia, but has some slight resemblance to some Tortrices of the

genus Eupecilia.

Head and face snowy white. Palpi white; terminal joint black

Species of Indian Micro-Lepidoptera. 115

at the base, and with a black ring before the tip. Antenne white,

with a black spot on the front of the basal joint.

Anterior wings white; a black dot on the sub-costal nervure

near the base, and the costa dotted with brown-black ; three

nearly equidistant reddish-brown clouds run across the wing, one

near the base, one in the middle, and the third at the hind margin;

in the spaces between these are too leaden grey spots of irregular

form, that before the middle being the darkest, and a leaden grey

line runs along the hind margin; cilia greyish-ochreous, inter-

sected by three darker lines. Posterior wings whitish, tinged with

pale-brown towards the apex, with pale-ochreous cilia.

I have before me asingle specimen, taken by Mr. Atkinson near

Calcutta.

5. Depressaria Ricini, Atkinson, in litt.

Alis anticis sulphureis, costa pone medium aurantia, puncto

obsoleto disci pone medium, punctisque marginis postici,

griseis.

Exp. al. 8 lin.

A pretty and very distinct species, easily recognizable by the

above characters.

Head and face pale sulphur-yellow. Palpi whitish; tip of ter-

minal joint dark-fuscous. Antennz pale-brown, strongly ciliated.

Anterior wings pale sulphur-yellow, with the costa narrowly

orange from before the middle to the apex; on the inner margin

near the base is a faint pale grey cloud, and on the disc beyond

the middle is a very indistinct grey dot; a row of grey dots runs

along the hind margin; cilia whitish-sulphur. Posterior wings

whitish, with the cilia a little darker.

Larva green, with the head black; feeds on the castor-oil plant,

Ricinus communis, rolling up the edge of a leaf.

I have before me a single specimen, collected by Mr. Atkinson

near Calcutta.

6. Depressaria Zizyphi, Atkinson.

Alis anticis brunneo-ochreis, basi saturate fusca, punctis fuscis

oblique transversis, tribus ante, et tribus pone medium, e

squamis elevatis compositis, macula subapicali nigricante.

Exp. al. 64—7 lin.

This appears to be a real Depressaria, though aberrant in the

structure of the palpi, and in the tufts of raised scales on the ante-

Tee,

116 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Descriptions of

rior wings; it cannot readily be confounded with any known

species, ;

Head brownish-grey ; face paler. Palpi pale greyish-ochreous ;

the end of the second joint brownish ; terminal joint ochreous-

brown at the base, and with a black ring before the tip, much

thickened with loose projecting scales. Antenne thick, about

three-fourths the length of the anterior wings.

Anterior wings brownish-ochreous, with a dark-brown patch at

the base; before the middle are three tufts of dark scales ob-

liquely placed, and beyond the middle are three nearly similar

tufts, but the costal and subcostal one are larger and darker than

that on the fold; before the apex lies a ell blackish spot, a

streak from which runs into the apical cilia; cilia otherwise

ochreous. Posterior wings brownish, with a faint coppery gloss ;

cilia greyish.

Larva green, with the head dark-brown; feeds on Zizyphus

Jujuba,

Collected by Mr. Atkinson near Calcutta.

7. Depressaria? Ricinella, Atkinson.

Alis anticis truncatis ochraceis, punctis sparsis fuscis; macula

saturate fusca disci ante medium ; alis posticis albidis.

Exp. al. 9—11 lin.

This is not a true Depressaria, the abdomen not being flattened,

and the second joint of the palpi being slender, in both which

respects it resembles Orthotelia, but the greater length of the

palpi, as long as in Phibalocera, and the different habit of the larva,

remove it from Orthotelia ; the length of the antenna, little more

than half that of the anterior wings, easily distinguishes it from

Phibalocera. It has a superficial resemblance with Depressaria

arenella.

Head and face ochreous. Palpi long, thin, recurved, the second

joint not incrassated, ochreous, with a heoen tinge along the sides ;

terminal joint ochreous, with a brown ring at the base. Antenne

of the male pubescent.

Anterior wings gradually increasing in breadth to beyond the

middle, then becoming slightly narrower, the hind margin trun-

cate, ochreous, with numerous small brown spots, and a larger

darker spot on the dise before the middle; towards the apex is

frequently a curved row of brown dots; hind margin spotted with

brown; cilia pale ochreous. Posterior wings whitish, with a few

brown dots on the apical margin; cilia whitish-ochreous,

Species of Indian Micro-Lepidoptera. 117

Larva bright-green ; the head and second segment black ; feeds

on the castor-oil plant (Ricinus communis) in September, rolling up

the edges of the leaves.

Collected by Mr. Atkinson near Calcutta.

8. Gelechia? Hibisci, Atkinson, in litt.

Alis anticis griseis, linea humerali, macula magna dorsali,

macula parva disci pone medium, apiceque saturate rufo-

brunneis.

Exp. al. 5—6 lin.

By the palpi and hind wings a Gelechia, but aberrant by the

produced apex and concave hind margin of the anterior wings ;

the dark blotch on the inner margin reminds one of an Anchy-

lopera.

Head and face grey. Palpi, second joint grey, terminal joint

brownish-ochreous, with a paler ring in the middle and pale tip.

Antenne grey, with pale ochreous annulations.

Anterior wings grey, with some clouds and dashes of ochreous,

and with a short red-brown streak from the base along the sub-

costal nervure; on the inner margin is a large semi-circular

chocolate-brown blotch edged with pale ochreous; beyond it is

a small, nearly round spot of the same colour on the disc, edged

and intersected with pale ochreous; beyond the middle of the

costa a slender whitish-ochreous line goes obliquely to the hind

margin just above the anal angle; the apical portion of the wing

beyond it is entirely chocolate-brown, but intersected longitu-

dinally by three ochreous lines; the apex of the wing is produced

and slightly hooked; cilia ochreous, except the tips of the cilia

at the actual apex, which are brown. Posterior wings greyish-

brown, with paler cilia.

Larva small, green, with the head black ; it feeds on the tops of

the yellow Hibiscus. The perfect insects appeared in July, 1856.

Collected by Mr. Atkinson near Calcutta.

9. Gelechia? pubescentella, n. sp.

Alis anticis lucidis dilute griseo-fuscis, puncto saturatiore disci

pone medium subobsoleto; antennis ( ¢ ) distincte ciliatis.

Exp. al. 43 lin.

This would seem to be related to the Cinerel/a group of the

genus Gelechia, both in the form of the anterior and the posterior

wings, but the strongly ciliated antennee would appear almost to

require its being separated generically.

118 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Descriptions of

Head, face and palpi greyish-ochreous. Antenne brown,

strongly dentate, and with long brownish cilia.

Anterior wings shining pale greyish-brown, with an indistinct

darker dot on the dise beyond the middle; cilia rather paler than

the wings. Posterior wings pale grey, with greyish-ochreous

cilia.

I have before me four specimens (all males), collected by Mr.

Atkinson near Calcutta.

10. Gelechia simpliciella, n. sp.

Alis anticis ochraceis, dorsum versus fuscescenti-suffusis, puncto

disci pone medium nigro, punctis fuscis plice subobsoletis,

margine postico fusco-punctato.

Exp. al. 5—53 lin.

An inconspicuous-looking insect, but not closely allied to any

known species.

Head and face yellowish-ochreous. Palpi greyish-ochreous,

edged with brownish externally. Antennae brownish-ochreous or

brownish.

Anterior wings ochreous, palest along the costa, more or less

suffused with brownish towards the inner margin; on the disc,

beyond the middle, is a conspicuous blackish dot, and on well-

marked specimens a few brownish dots may be traced along the

fold ; hind margin dotted with brown; cilia ochreous. Posterior

wings with the apex very slightly produced, pale grey, with

greyish-ochreous cilia.

This species appears rather variable; one specimen, which I

cannot consider distinct, has the anterior wings entirely suffused with

brownish, and tivo conspicuous black dots on the disc, with two

almost equally distinct on the fold.

I have before me three pale specimens, and one of the dark va-

riety; they were collected by Mr. Atkinson near Calcutta.

11. Gelechia marginipunctella, n. sp.

Alis anticis niveis, costa et dorso fusco-punctatis, atomisque

fuscis irroratis. °

Exp. al. 43 lin.

A very distinct and easily recognized species.

Head and face white. Palpi white, with a black spot at the

base, and a brown spot near the tip of the second joint, and a

brown ring at the base, and a brown spot below the tip of the

terminal joint. Antenne pale brown,

Species of Indian Micro-Lepidoptera. 119

Anterior wings narrow, white, sparingly dusted with brownish

scales, and with some small brownish spots along the costa and

Inner margin, and a few along the disc; cilia whitish. Posterior

wings pale grey, with whitish cilia.

I have before me a single specimen, taken by Mr. Atkinson near

Calcutta.

12. Parasia? apicipunctella, n. sp.

Alis anticis sordide ochreis, saturatius venosis, atomis sparsis

nigris, puncto transversali nigro disci ante medium.

Exp. al. 6 lin.

Hardly a true Parasia, the anterior wings being too pointed,

and the apex of the posterior wings not sufficiently produced, yet

the palpi are recurved, and the terminal joint is thickened with

scales almost to the extreme tip.

Head and face greyish-ochreous. Palpi greyish-ochreous ; the

terminal joint densely clothed with ochreous scales, with a brownish

spot towards the tip, the extreme tip naked. Antenne greyish-

ochreous,

Anterior wings dull-ochreous, veined with darker, with some

scattered blackish atoms, and an elongate black dot on the dise

before the middle ; a row of black dots goes round the acute apex ;

cilia ochreous. Posterior wings pale grey, darker at the base, with

ochreous cilia,

I have before me one specimen, taken by Mr. Atkinson near

Calcutta.

13. Gicophora subganomella, n. sp.

Alis anticis sordide griseo-ochreis, punctis tribus nigris, uno

plicee, duobus disci, margineque postico nigro-punctato.

Exp. al. 5 lin.

This insect reminds one excessively of Tinea Lappelia, but is of

a paler greyer colour, and of course structurally different.

Head, face and palpi greyish-ochreous ; antenne rather thick,

brownish.

Anterior wings pale greyish-ochreous, with three black dots, one

on the fold, one rather beyond it on the disc before the middle,

the third on the disc beyond the middle ; the hind margin is dotted

with black; cilia pale greyish-ochreous. Posterior wings shining

pale grey, with pale greyish-ochreous cilia.

I have before me one specimen, taken by Mr. Atkinson near

Calcutta.

120 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Descriptions of

14, Butalis triocellata, n. sp.

Alis anticis purpureo-griseis, dilute ochreo-punctatis, striatisque,

vitta dorsali fusca, maculis tribus disci brunneis, ochreo-

cinctis.

Exp. al. 7—8 lin.

Not closely allied to any known species, and perhaps, con-

sidering the form of the abdomen, hardly a true Butalis, but the

ovate form of the posterior wings prevents its being associated

with Gelechia. It varies a little in size, but not otherwise,

Head ard face greyish-ochreous. Palpi slender, recurved, not

long. Antennze brownish.

Anterior wings purplish-grey, spotted and streaked with yellow-

ish-ochreous, with the inner margin brownish, and with three oval

brown spots edged with pale ochreous, in the middle of the wing,

the first and third on the disc, the second on the fold; a dark

brown line runs round the apex of the wing; cilia pale ochreous.

Posterior wings brownish-grey, with paler cilia.

Abdomen greyish-ochreous.

Taken by Mr. Atkinson, near Calcutta, on the trunk of Nauclea

Orientalis.

13. Gracilaria? auricilla, n. sp.

Alis anticis brunneis, dilute ochraceo-marmoratis, maculis dua-

bus costze pone medium nigris, apice aureo, dorso squamis

brunneis tridentato.

Exp. al. 33 lin.

A singular insect, combining the characters of Gracilaria and

Chauliodus. By the form of the wings and antennz it would cer-

tainly be a Gracilaria; the maxillary palpi are slightly developed,

but the labial palpi seem scarcely pointed enough for Gracilaria ;

the three distinct tufts of scales projecting from the inner margin

of the anterior wings remind one excessively of Chauliodus; the

markings of the anterior wings are peculiar, and the tawny golden

apex is nearly the colour of that in Lithocolletis Messaniella.

Head dark grey-brown, face more ochreous. Maxillary palpi

pale ochreous; labial palpi dark brown, a pale spot at the base

and tip of the terminal joint. Antenne much longer than the

anterior wings, brown, with pale annulations, the apical third

paler.

Anterior wings brown, marbled with pale ochreous, and with

three or four semi-distinct pale ochreous transverse lines; the

Species of Indian Micro-Lepidoptera. 121

costa spotted with dark brown, or black, two spots beyond the

middle being very conspicuous; along the inner margin are three

distinct tufts of brown scales; the entire tip of the wing of a

tawny-golden colour, intersected by a slender angulated silvery

fascia, and spotted along the costa with whitish-yellow and black-

ish, and with a bluish-silvery hinder marginal line; cilia greyish-

brown, with a few long black scales projecting at the apex. Pos-

terior wings brown, with yellowish brown cilia.

I have before me two specimens, collected by Mr. Atkinson,

near Calcutta.

16. Gracilaria? falcatella, n. sp.

Alis anticis brunneis, basim versus saturatioribus, linea trans-

versali dilute ochrea prope basim, macula dorsi media ni-

gricante ochreo-circumcincta, linea ochrea ab angulo anale ad

apicem ducta, margine postico nigricante.

Exp. al. 4 lin.

This rather obscure looking insect has much superficial re-

semblance with Corisciuwm orientale, but differs essentially in the

structure of the palpi. I am doubtful whether it be a true Gra-

cilaria; the antennze of the only specimen I have before me are

broken, but the faleate apex of the anterior wings is very dis-

cordant from all known Gracilarie except G.? ustulatella, the

precise position of which is also doubtful. In some respects it

reminds one of Pyroderces argyrogrammos, but the palpi are too

short.

Head pale brown; face whitish ochreous. Palpi whitish, no

trace of a tuft to the second joint, terminal joint with three black

rings. Antenne dark brown, annulated with pale ochreous.

paleratr wings brown, with a darker blotch at the base, bounded

externally by a wavy transverse pale ochreous line; on the middle

of the inner margin is an irregular brown-black blotch, edged

with pale ochreous, and a curved pale ochreous line runs from

the anal angle to the apex, beyond it the hind margin is dark

brownish-black ; apical cilia brownish, intersected by two curved

blue lines; cilia below the apex dark grey. Posterior wings dark

grey, with dark grey cilia.

I have before me only a single specimen, taken near Caleutta by

Mr. Atkinson. .

17. Gracilaria? ustulatella, n. sp.

Alis anticis ochraceo-griseis, dorso fusco-punctato, fasciis ob-

liquis duabus fuscis, ciliis apicis ustulato-violaceis.

Exp. al. 23 lin.

122 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Descriptions of

Not a true Gracilaria, the maxillary palpi being scarcely visible,

and the hind margin of the anterior wings rather falcate; in

general appearance it reminds one much of a dwarf Chauliodus

Cherophyllellus, but there are no tufts of scales projecting on the

inner margin, and the antenne are nearly twice the length of the

anterior wings.

Head greyish-ochreous ; face and palpi white; antenne brown-

ish, spotted with yellow on the back, beneath entirely yellowish.

Anterior wings greyish-ochreous, spotted with brownish along

the inner margin, and with two oblique brownish fascize, one before

the other beyond the middle; the cilia of the hind margin are shot

with orange-brown and violet, appearing in some positions of the

one colour, and in other positions of the other tint; cilia of the

inner margin grey. Posterior wings pale grey, with greyish-

brown cilia.

Hind legs and tarsi whitish, spotted with dark brown.

I have before me a single specimen, taken near Calcutta by

Mr. Atkinson.

18. Ornix? albifrons, n. sp.

Alis anticis fuscis, dorsum versus albis, strigulis tribus costae,

tribus dorsi obliquis albis, apice ustulato, puncto nigricante.

Exp. al. 33 lin.

Probably this should form a new genus intermediate between

Ornix and Lithocolletis; it differs from both in the face being

rough.

Head and face white; palpi white; antennze whitish-grey.

Anterior wings pale brownish, with the inner margin white,

and with three pair of oblique white streaks from each margin,

meeting in the centre of the wing ; the first two pair are placed very

obliquely, but the third pair is less so and is followed by a curved

transverse silvery line; the apical portion of the wing is occupied

by a tawny patch, in which is a darker central spot; cilia white,

but intersected by a dark grey line going round the apex (as in

Lithocolletis). Posterior wings pale grey, with paler cilia.

I have before me one specimen, taken by Mr. Atkinson, near

Calcutta.

19. Cosmopteryx Asiatica, n. sp.

Alis anticis brunneis, fascia znea prope basim, fascia violacea

atro-marginata in medio, maculis duabus suboppositis violaceis

Species of Indian Micro-Lepidoptera. 123

atro-marginatis pone medium, spatio inter has et fasciam in-

terjecto aurantio, strigulaque apicis violacea.

Exp. al. 34 lin.

This belongs to the Drurella group, but is readily distinguished

by the brown ground colour of the anterior wings, and the second

violet fascia being divided into two opposite spots.

Head brassy-brown; face whitish-green; palpi whitish-grey,

with a broad dark ring below the tip of the terminal joint; an-

tenne brown, annulated with yellowish, the rings towards the

apex broad and strongly contrasted.

Anterior wings brown; not far from the base is a bronzy fascia,

which really consists of three bronzy longitudinal lines, that next

the costa being the longest; in the middle of the wing is a straight

violet fascia edged with black, beyond it is a broad orange patch,

and then follow two violet spots edged with black, that on the

costa being decidedly posterior to the dorsal spot; the apical

portion of the wing is black, with a whitish-violet streak running

into the extreme apex; cilia blackish. Posterior wings dark grey,

with grey cilia.

I have before me two specimens, collected by Mr. Atkinson,

near Calcutta.

20. Cosmopteryx ? semicoccinea, n. sp.

Alis anticis basim versus coccineis viridi-griseo lineatis, postice

luteis.

Exp. al. 53 lin.

A pretty species, but of rather uncertain location; neither the

anterior nor the posterior wings are narrow enough for a true

Cosmopteryx.

Head greyish-ochreous ; face pale ochreous; palpi pale ochre-

ous, terminal joint with a brown line externally and a brown ring

below the apex ; antennz brown along the back, spotted with pale

ochreous, beneath entirely pale ochreous.

Anterior wings scarlet at the base, the apical half pale yellow-

ish; the basal portion is streaked longitudinally with greenish-

grey, one streak running along the costa, one along the inner

margin, one along the fold, and two others go obliquely from the

costa to the fold; the scarlet portion of the wing extends rather

beyond the middle, and is bounded by a silvery-yellowish line; in

the yellow portion of the wing are two small black spots on the

costa; cilia ochreous-grey. Posterior wings pale grey, with

greyish cilia.

124 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Descriptions of

I have before me one specimen, taken by Mr. Atkinson, near

Calcutta.

21. Cosmopteryx? ceneella, n. sp.

Alis anticis zeneis, basi, fasciaque ante medium dorsum versus

dilatata, dilute luteis.

Exp. al. 6 lin.

This species only appears to differ from Cosmopteryx in the

greater breadth of the anterior wings; it reminds one considerably

of Stathmopoda pedella, but the resemblance is only superficial, as

in the structure of the legs and antenne the insect appears to be

a true Cosmopteryx.

Head and face brassy brown; second joint of the palpi pale

yellowish, terminal joint brownish ; antennz brownish.

Anterior wings bronzy, greenish towards the base, posteriorly

browner ; at the base itself is a narrow pale yellow fascia, and be-

fore the middle is another broader yellow band, which is almost

triangular, being much broader on the inner margin than on the

costa; in the apex of the wing there is faint indication of a dark

streak, with a pale streak below it; cilia brownish-grey. Postezior

wings brown, with greyish-brown cilia.

I have before me one specimen, taken by Mr. Atkinson, near

Calcutta.

LozosToma, n. g.

Head smooth; face concave, retreating, with a fillet on the top

between the antenne; palpi short, drooping; antenne rather thick,

but simple; the basal joint thickened.

Anterior wings narrow and pointed behind; posterior wings

lanceolate.

A pretty genus, belonging to the family Elachistiede. I have

before me single specimens of two species, Flavofasciata and

Semisulphurea, collected by Mr. Atkinson, near Calcutta.

22. Lozostoma flavofasciata, n. sp.

Alis anticis saturate purpureis, fascia media late flava.

Exp. al. 4 lin.

Head greenish-brown, rather metallic; face white, the fillet

greenish-white ; palpi white; antennze greyish-brown.

Anterior wings dark purple, more greyish at the base, with a

broad dark yellow fascia nearly in the middle, very nearly straight,

but rather nearer the base on the inner margin than on the costa.

Posterior wings coppery-brown, paler at the base.

Species of Indian Micro-Lepidoptera. - 125

23. Lozostoma semisulphurea, n. sp.

Alis anticis basim versus sulphureis, postice ochraceo-fuscis,

linea transversa media nigricante.

Exp. al. 5 lin.

Head greyish-brown; face whitish, the fillet whitish; palpi

white; antennz very pale greyish-brown.

Anterior wings sulphur-coloured at the base, with a short brown

streak along the costa at the base; nearly in the middle of the

wing is a slender transverse blackish line, slightly oblique, and in

it towards the costa are two or three bluish-white scales; the

apical half of the wing is yellowish-grey-brown ; cilia paler. Pos-

terior wings pale brownish, with paler cilia.

ATKINSONIA, D. g.

Head smooth, broad, flat; labial palpi long, slender, recurved,

terminal joint rather longer than the second joint. Antenne stout,

clothed on one side with long loose scales, nearly to the tip.

Anterior wings broadest beyond the middle, the costa being at

first slightly concave; posterior wings narrow and pointed. Ab-

domen broad, depressed, with long scales at the side. Legs, espe-

cially the hind pair, with long tufts of scales.

A singular and beautiful genus, belonging to the family Ela-

chistide.

24. A. Clerodendronella, Atkinson, in litt.

Alis anticis cupreo-rufis; alis posticis dilutioribus, griseo-

ciliatis.

Exp. al. 6—63 lin.

Head and face purple. Second joint of the palpi reddish-

orange, terminal joint purple. Antenne purple-black, densely

clothed along one side with long purple-black scales.

Anterior wings brilliant coppery-red, with the cilia greyish.

Posterior wings reddish-orange, with grey cilia.

Thorax coppery-red. Abdomen blue-black, with a slender

whitish belt nearly in the middle.

Legs black, spotted with white; the hind legs with the spines

replaced by thick tufts of black scales; the tarsi also much

thickened with black scales.

‘‘ Larva dirty brown; head dark reddish-brown ; second segment

black. It feeds in the tops of Clerodendron, drawing together the

leaves with a white web.”

126 Mr. H. T. Stainton on Indian Micro-Lepidoptera.

“ The perfect insects made their appearance on the 27th July,

1856; the insect when at rest erects its beautifully plumed hind

legs above its back, behind the head, and keeps constantly

vibrating its incrassated antenne.”

Collected near Calcutta, by Mr. Atkinson.

25. Laverna? Mimose, n. sp.

Alis anticis brunneis, dorso anguste albo; alis posticis pur-

pureis.

Exp. al. 6—8 lin.

Though this insect has so much the appearance of Laverna

atra, it must really be generically distinct ; the form of the palpi is

quite unknown amongst the Elachistide, reminding one most

‘strongly of the palpi of the male of Anarsia ; for the second joint

is furnished with a dense projecting tuft of scales, and the terminal

joint is not perceptible.

Head, face and palpi entirely dark brown; antennz whitish.

Anterior wings rich dark brown, with a narrow white edging

along the inner margin from the base to the apex; the outline of

this edging is rather wavy; on the hind margin are some yellow

scales; cilia yellowish-brown, intersected by two or three faint

darker-brown lines. Posterior wings purple, sometimes edged

with whitish towards the apex; cilia greyish-purple.

I have before me five specimens, bred by Mr. Atkinson from

larve feeding in the seeds of Mimosa Arabica ; the perfect insects

made their appearance in December, 1856.

MIME) .

VII. A Contribution to the History of Stylops, with an

Enumeration of such Species of Exotic Hymenoptera

as have been found to be attacked by those Parasites.

By Freperick Smita, Esq.

[Read Jan. 3rd, 1859.]

Tue principal object of the short communication which I now

offer to the Entomological Society, is to make known the genera

and species of such exotic Hymenoptera as have been observed to

be infested by Stylops, or species belonging to allied genera.

I am not aware of any attempt having been recently made to

collect materials for the purpose of ascertaining the geographical

range of these interesting parasites ;* and having myself obtained

additional material for that purpose, I have thought it might prove

interesting to the Society if I laid it before them in a collected

form.

The first specimen on record of the genus Stylops was found

by the Rev. William Kirby on Andrena nigro-enea, and it appears

remarkable that, as that species is very plentiful in the London

district, and stylopized Andrenide by no means rare, that I should

never have observed a specimen of Andrena nigro-enea infested

by the parasite.

In the neighbourhood of London, according to my observation,

the species of Andrena, most commonly attacked, is 4. Trimme-

rana, the female most frequently, but the male also occasionally.

I possess twelve stylopized individuals of this species, four of

which are of the male sex. By diligently collecting the bees

belonging to the genus Andrena, I should expect to obtain nine

or ten infected bees in a season, but should consider it quite pro-

bable that not one would produce a male Stylops—I should say,

judging from my own experience in collecting in the neighbour-

* Mr. Westwood, in his Introduction to the ‘‘ Modern Classification of Insects,”

published in 1842, has, in his valuable History of the Strepsiptera, brought toge-

ther all that had been observed up to that period, and has added a great amount

of new and interesting information.

128 Mr. F. Smith’s Contribution

hood of London, that not more than one male Stzlops occurs to

twenty females; supposing this to be the case, and that each

female Stylops produced six thousand larve, which is within the

calculation made by Mr. Newport in his ‘“ Natural History of the

_ Strepsiptera,” we should have a total result of one hundred and

fourteen thousand larvee of Stylops, and this from the nineteen in-

dividuals which we captured alone; were it not that few of these

ever attain their perfect condition, surely our only difficulty would

be to find a bee not infested by a parasite.

The explanation of this apparent difficulty will be perhaps best

given to those who have not investigated the subject, if I relate

my observations on a female of 4. Trimmerana, which was infested

by a female Stylops. The Andrena had been kept six or eight

days in a box covered with fine net, she had been well supplied

with fresh flowers, and was very active and apparently healthy ;

my notice was attracted by observing the bee running about ap-

parently in a very excited state, burying herself beneath the leaves

and flowers, then issuing forth and running round the sides of the

box ; sometimes she would stop, bury her head in the petals of a

Dandelion, and then commence brushing herself with her posterior

legs, passing them quickly over the upper surface of the abdomen;

these unusual movements on the part of the bee led me to examine

her more closely. I then found that she was covered with hun-

dreds of the larvae of Stylups, and her brushing and excitement

was caused by efforts, on her part, to free herself from the annoy-

ance which the host of larve evidently occasioned her. There

can be little doubt of hundreds, nay, thousands of the larve being

brushed off in situations, where, from want of sustenance, they of

necessity perish; whilst others, falling into the petals of flowers,

may attach themselves to bees which subsequently visit them to

extract their sweets; whilst others, fixing themselves to insects of

other orders, are removed from the chance of finding a situation

in which proper sustenance would enable them to attain a state of

maturity.

Although Stylops is at present considered a rare insect, parti-

cularly the male, I have no doubt it will be found in abundance

when once the proper locality is discovered and diligently searched

by a competent Entomologist. I have never had the good fortune

to discover a colony of Andrena convexiuscula, a bee which ap-

pears to be always infested, or I feel pretty certain I should have

obtained Stylops in plenty. All the specimens which I possess of

A. convexiuscula, those in the National Collection, and all which

to the History of Stylops. 129

I have seen in other cabinets, are invariably attacked. I therefore

imagine the discovery of a colony of that species of Andrena is

all that is requisite to supply Stylops in abundance.

The following is a list of British Andrenide, which I have ob-

served to be subject to the parasitic attacks of Stylops :—

Halictus minutus, 2.

nitidiusculus. @.

longulus. 9.

Andrena bicolor. 8, 9.

Trimmerana. &, 9.

nitida. 6, Q.

varians, $.

xanthura. &.

Afzelella. &.

Juscata. Q.

chrysosceles. Q.

convexiuscula. g, Q.

It will be seen by this list that none of the species which are

very pubescent, or have the segments thickly fringed with pu-

bescence, have been observed to be infested, although such would

appear to be the species most likely to collect the larvae when

visiting those flowers which contain them.

The only specimens of Andrenide which I have seen infested, not

British or Continental, are a male and female Andrena from East

Florida, closely allied to the European 4. chrysosceles ; the head

and thorax of two female Stylops protrude from beneath the fourth

segment of the abdomen of the female, and one from beneath the

fifth segment of the other sex, a male Sty/ops having emerged from

beneath the second segment. I have also seen a single specimen

of an Andrena from East Florida infested by a single female

Stylops, and three specimens of Andrena victima from Nova Scotia.

Specimens of Polistes Gallica, infested by Xenas vesparum, are to

be seen in most collections of Hymenoptera, and possess an addi-

tional interest, from the fact of the celebrated Rossi having first

discovered these remarkable insects infesting that genus of wasps.

Fam. SPHEGIDZ.

Species of the genus 4mmophila appear to be particularly sub-

ject to the attacks of Stylopide. I have observed the following :—

Ammophila holosericea, 3 , from Sicily. A male parasite having

VOL. V. N.S. PART Ill-—sSEPT. 18059, K

130 Mr. F. Smith’s Contribution

escaped from beneath the second abdominal segment, a female still

protruding from beneath the same; the third segment has the pupa

case of an escaped male beneath it, and the fourth is distorted by

the head and thorax of a female parasite.

Ammophila ? g, from Tunis. The abdomen is greatly

distorted by the pupa case of an escaped male parasite; judging

from the size of the case, I should conclude the Stylops to be four

times the size of S. Melitte.

Ammophila ferrugineipes, 2, Gambia. The abdomen distorted

by the pupa case of an escaped Stylops from beneath the third

segment.

Sphex petiolata, 8, Brazil. The head of a very large female

Stylops beneath the fifth abdominal segment,

Sphex flavipes, 2, Georgia. The fourth segment distorted by

the pupa case of an escaped male Stylops.

Pelopeus Chiliensis, 2. The pupa case of an escaped male

beneath the fourth abdominal segment.

Pelopeus laboriosus, 2, Aru Island. Two female Stylops be-

neath the fourth segment of the abdomen.

Pelopeus difformis, from Shanghai. Has a female Sty/ops pro-

truding from beneath the third abdominal segment.

Pelopeus , from Celebes, Attacked by a female Stylops.

Belonogaster junceus, from Tripoli. Attacked by a female

Stylops.

VESPIDE.

Eumenes petiolata, 2 , India. The abdomen of the third segment

with a female Stylops beneath it, and the fourth distorted by the

pupa case of an escaped male.

Odynerus ? @, Brazil. The abdomen greatly distorted

by a male Stylops protruding beneath the third segment.

to the History of Stylops. 131

Polybia sericea, ¢, Brazil. A female protruding beneath the

fourth segment.

Polistes Americanus, 2, N. America. The abdomen much dis-

torted by a male Stylops having escaped from the pupa case,

which projects from beneath the fourth segment.

Polistes instabilis, 9, Brazil. The abdomen distorted by the

pupa case of a male Stylops beneath the fourth segment, and the

head of a female beneath the fifth segment.

The foregoing enumeration of species, and the localities from

whence they were derived, shows that Stylops and its affinities,

or rather allies, have a wide geographical range. Some of the

parasites must be insects of considerable size, as compared with

the British species; judging from the size of the pupa cases,

I should expect that the expansion of wing of the Stylops infest-

ing Polistes instabilis could not be much less than eight lines, or

two-thirds of an inch.

I have not observed any insect from the Australian continent

or New Zealand infested by Stylops.

Mr. F. Smith’s Contribution

132

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134 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Revision of the

VIII. A Revision of the British Species of Corticaria. By

G. R. Warernouse, Esq., F.Z.8., &e.

[Read Jan. 3rd, 1859.]

1. Corticaria pubescens. C. oblonga, convexa, longius pubescens,

antennis pedibusque flavescentibus ; thorace cordato, supra

densius punctato, postice foveolato, lateribus denticulato ;

elytris amplis, crebre seriatim punctatis.

Long. 14 lin.

Latridius pubescens (Illiger), Gyll. Ins. Suec. iv. 123, 1.

Corticaria ————, Steph. Illustr. iii. 106, 1; Manual, 129,

1047, and Collection.

—_———- ———,, Mannerh. Germ. Zeitschr. v. 17, 1.

——-— punctulata, Marsh., Ent. Brit. 109, 8.*

, Kirby’s Collection.

The largest of the British species, and further distinguished by

its smallish short cordiform thorax, and ample elytra with closely

packed rows of punctures. The anterior tibize are quite straight

and simple in both sexes, and there is no difference in the anterior

tarsi indicative of sexual distinction—or at least it is very indis-

tinct—for in some specimens I fancy I have noticed the basal joint

is rather larger than in others. The antenne have the joints more

elongated than in the species next to be noticed. Its colouring

varies considerably: most commonly the head and thorax are

fusco-ferrugineous, the elytra piceous, becoming paler in the

region of the shoulders. Sometimes the whole insect is piceous

* It is not my intention here to enter into the question of priority of names,

&c.; I have retained throughout this paper the names most commonly used, other-

wise I should have been inclined to apply Marsham’s name to the present species.

The oldest name given among the synonymes of this species is “ fenestralis,” of

Fabricius, but there does not appear to be any good evidence that it really belongs

to our insect; then next in date comes the name ‘ longicornis” of Herbst, but

as Herbst has given the same name to another species—a name universally

adopted for that species—we would pass that over, and come to the next oldest

name, and that is ‘‘ punctulata” of Marsham. ‘There can be no reasonable doubt

about Marsham’s species, which was published in 1802; whilst the name ‘ pu-

bescens’’ was published first by Gyllenhal in 1827,

British Species of Corticaria. 135

(excepting the legs and antennz), sometimes testaceous. The

pubescence is of a dirty white hue.

Moderately common.

2. Corticaria crenulata. C. oblonga, convexa, longius pubescens,

nigro-picea, antennis pedibusque flavescentibus; thorace

subrotundato, coleopteris angustiore, lateribus denticulato,

supra convexo, punctato, postice fovea impresso; elytris

oblongo-ovatis, crebre seriatim punctatis,

Long. 1 lin.

Mas. femoribus incrassatis; tibiis anticis, intermediisque ad

apicem intus sub-productis, extus oblique truncatis ; tarsi

antici articulo primo dilatato.

Latridius crenulatus (Schiippel), Gyll. Ins. Suec. iv. 125, 2.

Corticaria crenulaia, Steph. Illustr. iii. 106, 2; Manual, 129,

1048.

——, Mannerh. Germ. Zeitschr. v. 22, 6.

I possess specimens of this insect showing different shades of

colouring from testaceous to brown, pitchy brown, and black (in

the last the humerus is usually paler); but in the most common

condition, the head and thorax are black, or nearly so, and the

elytra rufous-brown, with the dise dusky.

Not uncommon in the neighbourhood of London, but most

plentiful, according to my experience, near the sea, under decaying

vegetable matter. Common at Southend.

Stephens has evidently taken his description of the present

species (and indeed all other species of Corticaria, excepting C.

pallida) from Gyllenhal, but in the diagnosis he has left out one

word referring to the sculpturing of the elytra, and by so doing

has omitted the very pith and marrow of the description. In the

original the elytra are described as ‘‘ confertim punctato-striata,”

and in the “ Illustrations” the word “ conferlim” is left out. This

is unfortunate, since it so happens that C. crenulata, C. pubescens

(where the same omission has also been made) and C. serrata are

three species which, though differing- much in other respects, are

pre-eminently distinguished by this peculiarity in the sculpturing,

that instead of having about eight ordinary punctate stria, they

have about double that number of closely-packed rows of punc-

tures, and the ordinary strize are not distinguishable. In speaking

of C. serrata these remarks should be slightly modified, for here

the punctuation of the true strie becomes rather more evident.

In other British species the punctures of the interstices of the

136 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Revision of the

striz are remote and usually so minute that it becomes doubtful

whether by noticing them one does not give them a prominence

which is scarcely desirable. Gyllenhal, in describing some of

these (C. denticulata, for instance), states that the interstices are

impunctate, although, strictly speaking, such is not the case.

Under the name C. crenulata, stand in the Stephensian cabinet

three insects; the first is C. denticulata ; the second, C. pubescens,

and the third, C. crenulata.

8. Corticaria denticulata. CC. oblonga, convexa, brevius pu-

bescens, nigro-picea, antennis pedibusque flavescentibus ;

thorace sub-rotundato, coleopteris angustiore, supra con-

vexo, punctato, fovea postice impresso, lateribus sub-

denticulato; elytris oblongo-ovatis, plerumque fuscis,

punctato-striatis, interstitiis convexiusculis, punctis minu-

tissimis seriatim dispositis.

Long. 1 lin. :

Mas. femoribus incrassatis; tibiis anticis, intermediisque ad

apicem intus angulatim productis, extus oblique truncatis ;

tarsi antici articulo primo dilatato.

Latridius denticulatus (Schiippel), Gyll. Ins. Suec. iv. 126, 3.

Corticaria denticulata, Steph. Illustr. iii. 107, 3; Manual, 129,

' 1049 (not of Collection).

——— -—_— ——., Mannerh. Germ. Zeitschr. v. 23, 7.

This species has many characters in common with the pre-

ceding. In size and form there is scarcely any difference; in

both, the thorax is about one-third narrower than the elytra at the

broadest part; has the sides boldly rounded, and with the broadest

part rather in front of the middle; but in C. denticulata the thorax

is rather more attenuated behind than in C.*%renulata, and the

crenulations are less distinct. In the form of the head, and in the

structure of the antennz, there is no palpable difference. In the

form of the elytra C. denticulata differs, in having the shoulders

more gently rounded and the apex more obtusely rounded, but it

is in the sculpture of these organs that a good distinction is per-

ceptible. Here the elytra have about eight regular punctate

strize ; the interstices are rather convex, and nearly impunctate.

In colouring, C. denticulata varies considerably, but in the most

usual condition the head and thorax are black, and the elytra

brown, with the region of the suture and the outer margin more

or less dusky.

Stephens has transferred to the pages of the “ Illustrations”

British Species of Corticaria. 137

Gyllerhal’s description of the present species, but he appears to

have mistaken the C. crenulata for it, C. denticulata being repre-

sented in his Cabinet by two specimens of that insect.

Upon two or three occasions has the insect here described been

sent from Germany as the C. dongicornis, but C. longicornis is said

to be a black insect, and the present species is very rarely black ;

and furthermore it would appear by the descriptions that C,

longicornis is rather larger and has a longer thorax. It is always

compared with C. pubescens, but is said to differ in having the

interstices of the strize impunctate. Such being the case, a com-

parison of the characters of C. longicornis with those of the C,

denticulata is much to be desired.

I may here mention that, although C. longicornis is described in

Stephens’ works (the description being from Gyllenhal), other

insects seem to have been mistaken for it, C. longicornis being re-

presented in Stephens’ Collection by one specimen of C. pubescens,

and one of C. denticulata.

4, Corticaria fulva. C. elongata, convexiuscula, testacea, longius

pilosa; oculis minus prominulis, nigris; thorace cordato,

punctato, fovea rotundata postice impresso; elytris elon-

gato-ovatis, striato-punctatis, interstitiis remote punctu-

latis.

Long. 3—1 lin.

Corticaria fulva, Chevrier, Villa Catal, 1835, p. 45.

——— Mannerh. Germ. Zeitschr. v. 42, 32.

The largest specimens of this insect are equal to C. crenulata in

length, but the form is narrower; the thorax relatively smaller,

and of a different form; the elytra have the shoulders more gently

rounded, and the apex less acuminate. It is entirely testaceous

(excepting the eyes, which are black) and clothed with rather long,

whitish hairs. Head nearly one-third narrower than the thorax ;

the eyes smaller and less prominent than in most other species ;

forehead convex and somewhat remotely punctured ; antennz not

differing perceptibly in structure from those of C. crenulata.

Thorax but little broader than long; truncated in front, very

gently rounded behind ; the broadest part rather in front of the

middle, where the sides are rounded, and from the middle to the

hinder part the sides converge, so that at the hinder angles the

width is reduced to about the same as it is at the insertion of the

head; upper surface but moderately convex, and presenting a

rather large, shallow fovea behind, and pretty thickly punctured ;

138 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Revision of the

the crenulations at the sides distinct. Elytra elongate-ovate ;

about one-fourth broader than the thorax, the shoulders gently

rounded, the broadest part near the middle, the apex rounded :

owing to the long hairs which cover the elytra, and the want of

distinct strize, the sculpturing of the elytra has a somewhat con-

fused appearance, but careful examination shows that it consists

of about eight rows of punctures, which, though moderately large,

are by no means strong, and in parts they are somewhat irregular ;

in each of the interstices is a row of very minute punctures, which,

for the most part, are remote from each other; on the basal part

of the elytra minute transverse rugule are observable. The legs

are moderate (the femora not incrassated in the males, such as we

find them in C. crenulata); the anterior tibie are very gently

bisinuate within and truncated at the apex externally in some

specimens, which I take to be the males.

One specimen of this insect stands in Mr. Stephens’ collection

to represent the C. elongata of the “Illustrations,” but it does not

agree with the description there given, that description being taken

from Gyllenhal, and referring to the C. elongata of that author.

I have met with the present species upon several occasions, but

unfortunately omitted to note down the localities, excepting of

some few specimens which were taken recently by my sons in

some hay left on the ground, in the precincts of the British Mu-

seum, where some horses had been fed.

5. Corticaria serrata. C. oblonga, convexa, fusco-ferruginea,

breviter pubescens; thorace subrotundato, lateribus fortius

denticulato, supra convexo crebre, sub-rugose punctato,

fovea sat magna postice impresso; elytris oblongo-ovatis,

plerumque piceis, crebre striato-punctatis, basi transversim

rugulosis.

Long. # lin.

Dermestes serratus, Paykul, Faun. Suec. i. 300, 31.

Latridius ———, Gyll. Ins. Suec. iv. 126, 4.

Corticaria serrata, Mannerh. Germ. Zeitschr. v. 28, 14.

Head but little narrower than the thorax; the eyes large and

prominent; forehead moderately convex, punctured; antennz

scarcely equal to the head and thorax in length. Thorax rather

broader than long, the sides rounded, and in such a manner that

the broadest part of the thorax is rather in front of the middle ;

the denticulations (about eight in number) more acute and promi-

nent than usual; the anterior angles rounded ; the posterior armed

British Species of Corticaria. 139

with one of the stronger lateral teeth; the posterior margin pro-

duced and rounded in the middle; the upper surface convex,

thickly and sub-rugosely punctured, and with a large fovea behind.

Elytra oblong ovate; at the shoulders (which are rounded) but

little broader than the thorax at the broadest part; above convex,

and with rows of punctures packed closely side by side, but

among these the rows belonging to the ordinary eight striz are

distinguishable, the punctures being a little larger and more closely

packed in the longitudinal direction than those of the interstices ;

on the basal part of the elytra the interstices are transversely

rugulose. The rather short antenna, as well as the legs, are rufo-

testaceous,

Like most other species, this varies in colouring, being not un-

frequently uniform dull rufous, but in full-coloured specimens the

elytra are more or less pitchy, darker than the head and thorax.

The small size, combined with the sculpturing of the elytra, and

the strongly serrated sides of the thorax, will serve to distinguish

this species. C. crenulata, which approaches it most nearly in the’

sculpturing of the elytra (see observations attached to that species)

besides being about double the bulk, differs in having the thorax

more ample, more regularly rounded, less strongly crenulate at the

sides, the head proportionately smaller, the antennz longer, and,

in the male sex, has the thighs much incrassated, which is not the

case in the present species.

I have found one specimen of this species in the nest of For-

mica rufa at Weybridge, but several other specimens, which I have

taken at different times, were certainly not in ant’s nests.

6. Corticaria cylindrica. C. sub-cylindrica, testacea, brevius

pubescens; thorace sub-rotundato, antice truncato, late-

ribus crenato, supra punctato, postice foveolato ; elytris

elongatis, fortius punctato-striatis, interstitils punctis sparsis

adspersis, basi transversim rugulosis, marginibus plerumque

infuscatis.

Long. 2—1 lin.

Corticaria cylindrica, Mannerh. Germ. Zeitschr. v. 35, 23.

borealis, Wollaston, Append. to Zoologist, cevi.

(1855).

Among the British species this is‘certainly most near to the C.

serrata, but it is readily distinguished by its larger size, clear tes-

taceous colour, and by the almost impunctate interstices to the

strie of the elytra. The head is rather large, and the eyes, which

140 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Revision of the

are black, are large and very prominent; the forehead convex and

distinctly punctured ; antenne about equal to the head and thorax

inlength. Thorax a little broader than long, and but little broader

than the head; the sides boldly rounded; the widest part rather

in front of the middle ; the crenulations distinct; upper surface dis-

tinctly, but not very thickly, punctured; the fovea behind small,

and shallow. Elytra at the base scarcely as wide as the thorax

at the broadest part, but becoming gradually wider to about the

posterior third, where they are distinctly wider than the thorax;

the apex rounded; the punctures of the stri# are rather strong

and in parts somewhat irregular ; the interstices with a few scat-

tered punctures. Three out of four specimens in my Collection

have the suture and outer margins of the elytra dusky ; the fourth

is entirely testaceous.

One of my specimens was found by me at Brockenhurst, in the

New Forest, in September, 1856. I have no note of the localities

of the others. Mr. Wollaston found his specimens on the coast of

Durham.

7. Corticaria elongata. CC. sub-linearis, depressa, testacea,

pubescens; thorace transverso, elytrorum fere latitudine,

supra puctulato, postice fovea transversa impresso ; elytris

punctato-striatis, interstitiis vix punctulatis.

Long. 3—2 lin.

Latridius elongatus (Schiippel), Gyilenhal, Ins. Suec. iv. 130, 8.

Corticaria ferruginea, Marsh. Ent. Brit. 111, 15?

—___- ————__,, of Kirby’s Collection.

— ————., of Stephens’ Collection.

—_——— elongata, Stephens, Illustr. ii. 108, 7; Manual, 130,

1053.

———— ———,, Mannerh. Germ. Zeitschr. v. 44, 35.

This species is readily distinguished by its linear, depressed

form, and uniform pale colouring. Head narrower than the

thorax; forehead rather convex and punctulated ; eyes prominent,

and black ; antennz about equal to the head and thorax in length.

Thorax distinctly broader than long, and nearly equal to the

elytra in width; truncated in front; the sides nearly straight and

parallel, and obscurely crenulated behind; the anterior angles

rounded, the posterior angles, right-angles; the hinder margin

produced and rounded in the middle. Elytra moderately elongate,

but little convex; the sides nearly parallel, the apex rounded;

punctate-striate, the interstices each with a row of small pale hairs,

British Species of Corticaria. 141

and a series of exceedingly minute and indistinct punctures. The

anterior and middle tibize are slightly bent inward at the apex

in the males, and the basal joint of the anterior tarsus is. slightly

enlarged.

Very common, and widely distributed.

Gyllenhal applies Marsham’s name “ ferruginea” to the species

next to be described, stating that he has Kirby’s authority for so

doing; this is remarkable, since the C. ferruginea of Gyll. (a very

uncommon insect with us) does not exist in Kirby’s Collection,

where the present species stands to represent the €. ferruginea of

Marsham, as it does likewise in Stephens’ Collection. There is

no Marshamian specimen of either this or the next’ species in

Stephens’ Cabinet, and Marsham’s description unfortunately does

not serve to determine the insect, inasmuch as he uses the term

“ ferruginea” to denote its colouring; the present species being

testaceous, and the next being castaneous. On the whole, how-

ever, I think it more probable that Marsham’s description was

intended for the common species; yet, since there may be a

doubt, I think it better to adopt the names now universally used

for the two insects.

8. Corticaria ferruginea. C. sub-linearis, depressa, castanea,

capite nigricante; thorace sub-quadrato, postice foveolato ;

elytris subtiliter punctato-striatis, interstitiis subtilissime

seriatim punctatis.

Long. 3—2 lin.

Latridius ferrugineus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. iv. 131, 9.

Corticaria ferruginea, Steph. Llustr. iii. 108, 6; Manual, 130,

1052.

——_—_— —————., Mannerh. Germ. Zeitschr. v. 45, 36.

linearis, of Stephens’ Collection.

Searcely longer, but decidedly broader than the preceding

species, and further distinguished by its chestnut-brown hue and

more delicate puncturing. Head pitechy black, rather narrower

than the thorax; forehead convex, punctured; antennz about

equal to the head and thorax in length. Thorax subquadrate,

rather broader than long; truncated in front; slightly contracted

behind, the sides very gently rounded, obscurely denticulate an-

teriorly, and with about three stronger teeth behind, the last of

which forms the posterior angle of the thorax ; the hinder margin

rounded; upper surface convex, rather thickly and finely punc-

tured, and with a small fovea behind. Elytra about three times

142 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Revision of the

the length of the thorax, but very little exceeding that segment in

width; the sides nearly parallel; the apex rounded; the upper

surface but little convex and very finely punctate-striate, with a

row of excessively minute punctures between the strize, from

which spring minute hairs, which are scarcely visible, however,

excepting under the microscope. Presents the same peculiarities

of the tibiae and anterior tarsi as in the preceding species.

Two specimens of this species stand in Stephens’ Cabinet to

represent the C. linearis of the “ Illustrations,” but the description

there given is taken from Gyllenhal, and belongs to another insect,

which is unknown to me as British. In Mr. Wollaston’s Collection

there are also specimens of this insect. I possess one or two old

specimens, taken by myself many years back, but am unaware of

the locality ; others I have taken more recently in the corridors of

the Crystal Palace upon two or three different occasions. It is

rare, or very local.

9. Corticaria gibbosa. C. brevis, convexa, fusca; thorace an-

gusto, fovea transversa, arcuata, impresso; elytris amplis,

convexis, punctato-striatis, intersticiis punctis minutissimis,

pilisque paliidis seriatim dispositis ; antennarum basi, pedi-

busque testaceis.

Long. 2 lin.

Mas. tibiis anticis intus ante apicem angulatim productis.

Dermestes gibbosus, Payk. Faun. Suec. i. 301, 32.

Corticaria impressa, Marsh. Ent. Brit. 100, 11; Steph. Col-

lection.

——— pallida, Marsh. 1]. c. 112, 22; Steph. Illustr. i. 109,

10; Manual, 130, 1056, and Collection.

Latridius gibbosus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. iv. 132, 10.

Corticaria gibbosa, Steph. Ill. 11. 109, 8; Manual, 130, 1054.

— similata, Steph. Collection (not of description).

— gibbosa, Mannerh. Germ. Zeitschr. v. 49, 40.

— sulcicollis, of Kirby's Collection.

The smallest, and one of the commonest of the British species,

and readily distinguished by its short form, combined with a narrow

thorax, having a curved fovea towards the hinder part and extend-

ing almost to the lateral margin. The head is nearly as broad as the

thorax, and has very prominent eyes. ‘Thorax small in proportion

to the elytra, about equal in length and breadth, the sides gently

rounded, the broadest part rather in front of the middle, thence

rather suddenly contracted towards the front, and more gradu-

British Species of Corticaria. 143

ally contracted behind; the posterior angles obtuse; the hinder

margin rounded. Elytra at the broadest part more than twice

the breadth of the thorax, of a shortish ovate form, with the

humeral angles rather prominent and rounded.

This insect stands in Stephens’ Cabinet under the names “ zm-

pressa,” pallida (immature specimens) and similata ; the last being

regarded as the similata of Gyllenhal, has given rise, it would

appear, to the introduction of that author’s description into the

* Tllustrations.” I have not met with any Corticaria which I

could identify with Gyllenhal’s description of Latridius similatus.

Both in Stephens’ and Kirby’s Collections immature specimens of

this insect are referred to the Corticaria pallida of Marsham.

10. Corticaria Wollastoni. C. oblongo-ovata, convexa, picea,

antennis pedibusque testaceis; thorace angusto, subqua-

drato, lateribus ante medium paulo rotundato-ampliatis,

angulis posticis rectis, supra crebrius punctato, postice

transversim impresso ; elytris fuscis, oblongo-ovatis, hume-

ris prominulis, punctato-striatis, interstitiis convexiusculis,

seriatim pilosis.

Long 2—# lin.

This species bears considerable resemblance to the C. gibbosa,

but is much larger, and proportionately more elongate ; the pos-

terior angles of the thorax form right angles, the interstices of the

strie of the elytra are impunctate or very nearly so.

Head with the upper surface convex, rather distinctly but not

very thickly punctured, the eyes prominent, giving to the head a

width which is but little less than that of the thorax ; antennze

testaceous, the club only somewhat tinted with fuscous, the joints

rather more elongate than in C. gibbosa. Thorax but little

broader than long, convex, the sides rounded on the fore part,

but straight near the posterior angle, the broadest part rather in

front of the middle, the fore part truncate, the hinder margin

produced and rounded in the middle, the surface rather thickly

punctured, and with a transverse depression behind, which is in-

terrupted in the middle; elytra ample, oblong-ovate, with the

humeral angle a little prominent, at the broadest part twice as

broad as the thorax ; paler than the head and thorax, but with the

suture and outer margin more or less dusky ; convex, and by no

means strongly punctate-striate, the interstices at the base slightly

convex, and, with a very strong lens, show a few scattered, and

144 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Revision of the

extremely minute punctures, arranged in a line, in which same

line is a series of minute pale hairs.

In the structure of the legs I can perceive no sexual distinc-

tion, such as exists in C. gibbosa, but it must be remarked that I

have examined but six specimens of the supposed new species ;

these were found by Mr. Wollaston, at Mablethorpe.

The British Museum has received this insect from the Conti-

nent, under the name of C. distinguenda of Comolli, but according

to the description of that insect, its thorax must be shorter, 2. e.

half as broad again as long. The C. similata must somewhat

resemble the present species, but differs, according to the de-

scriptions, in having the interstices of the striz of the elytra

rugulose. I can find no description of a Cortecaria which is like

C. gibbosa in most of its characters, but which differs in the same

manner as the present insect.

11. Corticaria fuscula. C. breviter ovata, fusco-picea, thorace

transverso, angulis posticis denticulo minuto armatis, supra

crebre punctato, fovea sub-rotundata impresso; elytris

fuscis, punctato-striatis, interstitiis convexiusculis, seriatim

pilosis ; antennaraum basi, pedibusque testaceis.

Long. $—#? lin.

Latridius fusculus (Megerle), Gyllenhal, Ins. Suec. iv. 133, 12.

Corticaria impressa, of Kirby’s Collection.

Very like C. gibbosa, but readily distinguished by the form of

the thorax, which is broad (about one-third broader than the

head), transverse, has the sides boldly rounded, the widest part a

little in front of the middle, the posterior angle armed with a minute

tooth and thus rendered acute and prominent; this tooth, however,

is not readily seen, excepting the thorax be separated from the

body ; instead of the curved groove, which in C. gibbosa extends

nearly from side to side of the thorax, C. fuscula has only a fovea

behind, and this is commonly transverse. The elytra scarcely

differ from those of C. gibbosa—the striz are perhaps usually

rather stronger, and the intersticial punctures less so. In the

most common condition the head and thorax are pitchy, or pitchy-

brown, and the elytra brown, with the suture rather dusky ; but,

not unfrequently, the whole insect is brown; and, about the be-

ginning of September this year, I found many specimens at South-

end, which were entirely testaceous—no doubt from immaturity.

In both the above-mentioned species minute transverse rugule

British Species of Corticaria, 145

are seen on the basal part of the elytra, when viewed in a favour-

able light and position. The male of C. fuscula has a minute

denticle near the apex of the anterior tibia on the inner side.

This species is as common as the preceding. It is remarkable

that this very common insect is not described by Stephens; it

stands in his Cabinet under the name ‘ Sulcicollis,” and the de-

scription given in the “Illustrations,” p. 109, sp. 9, which is taken

from Gyllenhal’s account of Latridius transversalis (see Gyll. iv.

133, 11), was evidently supposed to belong to this species; it,

however, belongs to an insect of which I have seen no British

example. In Stephens’ ‘‘ Systematic Catalogue,” C. sulcicollis of

Kirby’s MSS. is given as = L. transversalis of Gyllenhal, but ac-

cording to Kirby’s Collection the insect is = C. gibbosus of Gyll., C.

ampressa of Kirby’s Collection being = LZ. fusculus of Gyllenhal.

I cannot think that Kirby is correct in referring this to the C. im-

pressa of Marsham.

VOL, V. N.S. PART IV.—-NOV. 1859, L

146 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions of

IX. Descriptions of New Species of Phytophagous Insects.

By J. 8. Baty, Esq.

[Read June 6th, 1859.]

Family CRIOCERID.

Genus Lema, Fabr.

Lema De Gandei.

Oblonga, convexa, nigra, nitida, abdomine rufo-piceo; elytris

sts sid, ’ 5) WY

punctato-sulcatis, sulcis interruptis, profunde impressis ;

ceruleo-viridibus, margine flavo.

Long. 33—4 lin.

Oblong, shining black; abdomen rufo-piceous; elytra bluish-

green, their outer margin pale yellow. Head constricted behind

the eyes; antennz sub-filiform, two-thirds the length of the body,

their second and third joints equal. Thorax subquadrate,

scarcely broader than long; sides deeply constricted at their

middle; above sub-cylindrical, impressed at the middle with a

deep transverse groove, which is parallel with and terminates on

either side in the lateral constriction ; basal half of disc impressed

by a deep longitudinal groove; surface smooth and shining, finely

and remotely punctured. Scutellum triangular, shining black.

Elytra much broader than the thorax, more than four times its

length; above convex, each elytron covered with ten rows of

deeply sulcate, punctured striz; striz much interrupted, inter-

spaces elevated, smooth and shining; the outer stria entire; bright

metallic bluish-green, the outer border broadly margined with

pale yellow. Beneath shining black, abdomen rufo-piceous; legs

slender.

Hab. Ecuador.

Lema variolosa.

Oblongo-elongata, rufo-fulva, nitida, antennis, thoracis vitta

centrali, postice abbreviataé, scutello elytrisque nigris, his

valde et irregulariter punctatis; punctis (preesertim ad latera)

donduentibiie; interstitiis valde Elenalsi; genubus, tibiis

tarsisque piceis.

Long. 3 lin.

New Species of Phytophagous Insects. 147

Oblong-elongate, convex above, shining rufo-fulvous ; antennze,

a vitta on the thorax, the scutellum and the elytra black; knees,

tibiae and tarsi piceous. Head constricted behind the eyes; front

with an oblique groove on either side; face transversely grooved

just above the insertion of the antenne; the latter slender, filiform,

nearly equal in length to the body, their third joint obovate,

nearly twice the length of the second. Thorax sub-quadrate ;

sides deeply constricted just behind their middle; above sub-

cylindrical, deeply impressed in front of the base by a transverse

groove, either end of which terminates in the lateral constriction ;

surface smooth and shining, impunctate, bright rufo-fulvous, a

broad vitta down the centre, which gradually increases in width

behind, and is abbreviated at the transverse groove, black.

Scutellum shining black, its apex truncate. Elytra much broader

than the thorax, oblong, convex, indistinctly depressed trans~

versely below the base; shining black, whole surface irregularly

covered with large deep variolose punctures, more crowded and

confluent towards the sides; interspaces smooth and _ shining,

much thickened and elevated, and forming towards the sides

irregular reticulations. Beneath shining rufo-fulvous, abdomen

covered with very short adpressed fulvous pubescence; the apex

of jaws, the knees, tibize (their inner surface excepted) and tarsi

pitchy black.

Hab. Sarawak, Borneo, collected by Mr. Wallace.

Lema Erycina.

Oblongo-elongata, nitido-rufo-fulva, pedibus elytrisque nigris,

his apice rufo-fulvis; antennis extrorsum pallide fuscis.

Long. 4—43 lin.

Oblong-elongate, shining rufo-fulvous; legs and elytra shining

black; the apex of these latter rufo-fulvous. Head smooth,

deeply constricted on either side behind the eyes, front impressed

with a deep fovea; antennae moderately robust, filiform, scarcely

longer than half the body. Thorax as broad as long, sub-cylin-

drical, sides deeply constricted at their middle; above smooth and

shining, impressed behind the middle with a shallow transverse

groove, in the centre of which is a single fovea; a broad longi-

tudinal line down the centre of the dise and a space on either side

in front finely and sub-remotely punctured. Elytra oblong,

transversely depressed below their base, the scutellary space

slightly elevated; surface shining black, the apex rufo-fulvous ;

each elytron with ten rows of fine but distinct punctures; stricz

148 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions of

somewhat confused at their extreme apex, the outer stria deeply

suleate. Beneath rufo-fulvous, legs shining black; posterior

thighs much shorter than the abdomen.

Hab. Old Calabar.

Lema cognata.

Oblonga, convexa, fulva, nitida; capite, scutello, pedibus, pro-

thoracis basi infra, metathoraceque nigris.

Long. 22 lin.

Oblong, convex, shining fulvous; head, scutellum, legs, base of

prothorax beneath, and the metathorax, shining black. Head

shining, front impressed with a short longitudinal groove; an-

tennz moderately robust, sub-filiform, half the length of the body.

Thorax rather broader than long, sub-cylindrical, sides deeply

constricted behind the middle; above smooth and shining, deeply

impressed behind the middle with a transverse groove, which

terminates on either side in the lateral constriction. Scutellum

shining black. Elytra much broader than the thorax, sub-quad-

rate-ovate, very convex, each elytron with ten rows of fine

fuscous punctured striae, sub-sulcate towards the apex, outer stria

sulecate for its whole length; interstices slightly convex towards

their apex, outer margin of elytron slightly thickened. Beneath

shining fulvous, legs, base of pro- together with the whole of the

metathorax shining black; hinder thighs slightly thickened.

Hab. Venezuela.

My own collection.

Nearly allied to Lema rufa.

Lema Fortunei.

Elongata, convexa, rufa, nitida; tibiis, tarsis antennisque (harum

articulo basali excepto) nigris; elytris tenuiter punctato-

Striatis, cyaneis.

Long. 33 lin.

Elongate, convex, shining rufous; antenne (the basal joint

excepted), tibia and tarsi black; elytra shining metallic blue.

Head much constricted behind the eyes, front with a deep oblique

groove on either side; space between impressed with an oblong

fovea; antenne filiform, moderately robust, rather more than

half the length of the body, black, opaque, covered with adpressed

hairs, basal joint rufous, glabrous, third joint obconic, nearly

twice the length of the second. Thorax sub-cylindrical, scarcely

longer than broad, rather wider behind, sides deeply constricted

New Species of Phytophagous Insects, 149

at their middle; above smooth and shining, impunctate, with the

exception of a few fine impressions, which are placed in two or

three somewhat irregular rows down the centre of the disc; just

in front of the basal margin is a single distinct fovea. Scutellum

transverse-quadrate, obscure rufous. Elytra oblong - elongate,

convex, distinctly impressed transversely below their base; each

elytron with ten regular rows of fine punctures, which become still

finer towards their apex, the outer row sulcate. Beneath rufous,

sparingly covered with very short pubescence ; middle of abdomen

stained with piceous; tibize and tarsi, the extreme apex of the

latter excepted, black ; posterior pair of thighs much shorter than

the abdomen.

Hab. Northern China. Collected by Mr. Fortune.

Lema oculata.

Elongata, convexa, pallide fulva, nitida; capite (basi extrema

excepta), antennarum articulis intermediis, pectore elytro-

rumque linea brevi annuloque apicali, nigris; tibiis tarsisque

nigro-piceis.

Long. 4 lin.

Elongate, convex, pale shining fulvous; head, intermediate joints

of antennez, the breast, a short line near the middle of the outer

margin, and an annulus at the apex of each elytron, black ; tibize

and tarsi piceous. Head constricted behind the eyes, front ob-

liquely grooved on either side; face sub-elongate; shining black,

base of neck fulvous; antenne slender, filiform, nearly equal in

length to the body, second and third joints, together with the

first and fourth beneath, shining fulvous, fifth and three following

black, three apical joints yellowish-white. Thorax sub-cylindrical,

rather longer than broad; sides deeply constricted at their middle,

above smooth and shining, impressed here and there on the sides

with a few fine punctures; behind the middle is a shallow trans-

verse groove, terminating at either end in the lateral constriction.

Scutellum smooth, shining black. Elytra oblong, convex, obso-

letely depressed transversely below their base, each elytron with

ten regular rows of fine punctures; shining fulvous, a short lon-

gitudinal line just within the middle of outer margin, the suture

from immediately before its middle, and a large patch covering

the posterior third of each elytron and enclosing a circular fulvous

spot, black. Beneath shining fulvous, covered with short ad-

pressed hairs; breast black, tibiae and tarsi piceous.

Hab. Ecuador.

150 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions of

Lema Hebe.

Sub-elongata, convexa, piceo-nigra, nitida; antennarum apice,

scutello, elytrorum basi, meso- et metathorace, tibiarum apice

femoribusque fulvis.

Bet

Long. 23 lin.

Sub-elongate, convex, shining pitchy black; the extreme apex

of antenne, scutellum, base of the elytra, meso-and metathorax,

thighs, together with the base of the tibiz, fulvous. Antenne

filiform, equal in Jength to the body, their two terminal joints ful-

vous. ‘Thorax rather broader than long, sub-cylindrical, strangu-

lated behind the middle ; surface smooth and shining, obsoletely

punctured, Scutellum shining fulvous. Elytra oblong, convex,

deeply impressed transversely below their base; each elytron with

ten rows of fine punctures, which become nearly obsolete towards

the apex, puncturing on the transverse depression coarse and

deeply impressed ; shining black, the basal third bright fulvous.

Beneath nigro-piceous, meso- and metathorax, thighs and base of

tibiee fulvous; hinder pair of thighs incrassate, shorter than the

abdomen.

Hab. Dory, New Guinea.

Collections of A. R. Wallace and W. W. Saunders, Esqs., and

J.S. Baly.

Genus Criocrris, Geoff.

Crioceris Adonis.

Convexa, nitido-cerulea, antennis nigris; elytris thorace multo

Jatioribus, utrisque plag& magna, a basi ad paullo infra me-

dium extensa, introrsum valde emarginaté, flava.

Long. 5 lin,

Convex, deep shining metallic blue, each elytron with a large

sub-reniform patch, extending from the base to beyond the middle,

bright yellow. Head deeply constricted behind the eyes, fore-

head with a deep fovea; antennze black, moderately robust, nearly

equal to the body in length, sub-filiform. Thorax as broad as

long, sub-cylindrical, sides constricted in the middle; above

smooth and shining, sides indistinctly and irregularly excavated,

surface minutely and remotely punctured, the puncturing rather

more distinct towards the front, on the middle of the disc are

several irregular longitudinal rows of punctures; in front of the

base is a shallow fovea. Scutellum trigonate. Elytra very much

broader than the thorax, four times its length, convex, indistinctly

New Species of Phytophagous Insects. 151

impressed transversely on the suture below the base; surface

smooth and shining, each elytron with eleven regular rows of

punctures (the first abbreviated), puncturing rather finer towards

the apex; interstices each with a row of finer impressions, placed

nearly equidistant between the striz ; deep shining blue; on each

elytron is a large bright yellow patch, which extends longitudinally

from the base to beyond the middle, and transversely from the

outer margin nearly to the suture, its inner edge being deeply

emarginate. Beneath dark shining blue; legs moderately robust,

thighs slightly thickened, the hinder pair shorter than the abdomen ;

this latter with a double row of patches of adpressed white hairs.

Hab. Northern India.

Crioceris flavipennis.

Oblongo-elongata, convexa, nitido-cyanea ; antennis gracilibus,

longitudine corporis vix brevioribus; thorace sub-quadrato,

lateribus medio valde constricto ; elytris thorace multo latiori-

bus, oblongis, tenuiter irregulariter seriatim punctatis, flavis.

Long. 64 lin.

Oblong-elongate, convex, shining metallic blue; elytra pale-

yellow. Head smooth, constricted behind the eyes, posterior

portion of neck obliquely strigose ; face elongate, front impressed

in the centre with a deep oblong fovea ; antennz slender, filiform,

nearly equal in length to the body, third and fourth joints nearly

equal. Thorax slightly broader than long, sub-cylindrical, deeply

constricted at the middle of the sides; above smooth and shining,

obliquely impressed on either side near the base, posterior half of

dise longitudinally grooved. Scutellum sub-triangular, smooth

and shining. Elytra much broader than the thorax, oblong,

convex above; pale shining yellow, their surface minutely punc-

tured, puncturing irregularly arranged in striz on the disc, con-

fused near the outer border. Legs slender, elongate.

Hab. Northern India,

Crioceris Bakenellii.

Oblonga, convexa, rufo-fulva, nitida; antennis (articulo basali

excepto), tibiis, tarsis, elytrorumque plagdé magna communi,

nigris.

Long. 33 lin.

Oblong, convex, shining rufo-fulvous; antenne (their basal

152 Mr. J. 8. Baly’s Descriptions of

joints excepted), tibiee, tarsi and a large common patch on the

posterior half of the elytra, black. Head constricted behind the

eyes; face elongate; antenne moderately robust, sub-filiform,

half the length of the body, black, basal joints rufo-fulvous,

third joint more than half the length of the second; eyes also

black. Thorax sub-cylindrical, rather longer than broad; sides

deeply constricted at their middle; above shining, impunctate.

Scutellum smooth. Elytra broadly oblong, much broader than the

thorax ; convex, indistinctly depressed below the scutellum, sides

excavated immediately beneath the shoulders ; surface very smooth

and shining, basal half of inner dise punctate-striate; rest of the

surface, with the exception of a single row of minute punctures

running parallel to the suture, impunctate; bright rufo-fulvous, a

large common rotundate patch, extending from just before the

middle nearly to the apex, black. Beneath shining rufo-fulvous,

tibize and tarsi black, the former clothed towards their apex with

bright fulvous hairs.

Hab. Moreton Bay. Collected by Mr. Diggles.

Crioceris pulchella.

Elongata, convexa, lete cerulea, nitida; elytris punctato-striatis,

rufo-fulvis.

Long. 4 lin.

Elongate, convex, deep shining metallic blue; elytra rufo-ful-

vous. Head deeply constricted behind the eyes; face sub-trigo-

nate; forehead longitudinally grooved; antennze more than two-

thirds the length of the body, filiform, moderately robust, third

joint scarcely longer than the fourth. Thorax sub-quadrate, sub-

cylindrical, sides deeply constricted at their middle, armed near

their apex with an obtuse tubercle; above smooth, impunctate,

apex narrowly margined ; immediately behind the middle is a deep

transverse groove, which terminates at either end in the lateral

constriction ; on each side in front is a short transverse impres-

sion. Scutellum sub-trigonate, its apex obtuse. Elytra much

broader than the thorax, more than four times its length, convex,

slightly sinuate on the sides below the shoulders, each elytron with

eleven rows of distinct punctures, the first abbreviated. Body

beneath clothed with adpressed yellowish-white hairs ; legs sub-

elongate; thighs slightly thickened.

Hab. Northern India.

New Species of Phytophagous Insecis. 153

Family MEGALOPIDA.

Genus AGatHomERus, Lac.

Agathomerus Salléi.

Sub-elongata, fulva, sparsim concolori-pubescens; antennis, ver-

ticis macula, altera thoracis disci, plag4 magna utroque elytro,

maculis pleurarum tarsisque posticis, nigris.

Long. 3—3} lin.

Sub-elongate, fulvous, sub-nitidous, sparingly clothed with

coarse hairs, body beneath more densely pubescent; antenne

(their basal joint sometimes excepted), an obscure spot on the

vertex, an oblong one on the disc of the thorax in front, a large

patch nearly covering the disc on either elytron, some shining

spots on the pleura, together with the hinder pair of tarsi, black.

Head finely punctured on the front; face transversely grooved at

the base of the clypeus; eyes and apex of jaws piceous, basal

joints of antenne sometimes bright fulvous. Thorax one-half

broader than long at the base; sides notched at their extreme

base and apex, slightly rounded, narrowing gradually towards the

front; above convex, narrowly margined at the base and apex ;

surface glabrous, smooth and shining, minutely and remotely punc-

tured. Scutellum triangular. Elytra broader than the thorax ;

sides parallel ; apex sub-acutely rounded, dehiscent at the suture ;

above convex, slightly flattened along the suture ; shoulders slightly

prominent, obtuse, surface coarsely and deeply punctured, spa-

ringly clothed with fulvous hairs. Beneath fulvous, more densely

covered with concolorous pubescence, three spots on either side

(one on the prothorax, the two others on the front and side of the

pleura) shining black ; posterior tarsi pitchy black, hinder pair of

thighs slightly thickened, ovate.

Hab. Mexico.

Collected by M. Sallé.

Family CHRYSOMELID/:.

Genus Doryruora, Illig.

Doryphora cruciata,* Stal, Ofvers. af Kéngl. Vetens. Akad. Férh.

1857, p. 57 (1858).

Rotundato-ovata, valde convexa, picea, antennis pedibusque

rufo-fuscis, thoracis lateribus et apice elytrisque flavis, his

utrisque limbo anguste, fascia transversa vix pone medium

vittulisque, piceis.

Long. 5 lin.

* See note at p. 161,

154 Mr. J. 8. Baly’s Descriptions of

Rotundate-ovate, convex, piceous. Head finely punctured, an-

tenne, labrum and palpi rufo-fuscous. Thorax nearly three times

as broad as long; sides rounded, narrowed in front, anterior

angles submucronate; above finely and remotely punctured,

punctures on either side the disc more crowded and rather more

deeply impressed, lateral margin impunctate; the anterior edge

and a broad space on the lateral border bright yellow, slightly

stained with piceous. Elytra rather broader than the thorax,

convex, each elytron with ten punctured striz, the first abbre-

viated, the strize severally composed of a double row of punctures;

yellow, the suture, the extreme outer limb and a transverse band

behind the middle, piceous; on each elytron in front are four

short piceous vittee, each vittee being formed of two longitudinal

lines, confluent at their base, the space between being more or

less stained with pale piceous; behind the middle are also three

others, formed in a similar manner, the two nearest the suture

united at their apex; near the apex is a short oblique piceous

line, confluent with the suture. Body beneath piceous, legs rufo-

fuscous, thighs more or less stained with piceous.

Hab. Brazil.

- Doryphora De Gandei.

Ovata, valde convexa, subtus viridi-chalybeata, supra nitido-

cuprea; elytris tenuiter punctato-striatis, striis ad latera con-

fusis, interstitiis distincte punctatis.

Long. 42 lin.

Ovate, convex, viridi-chalybeate beneath, above shining cu-

preous. Head finely punctured, labrum fulvous; antennze half

the length of the body, bluish-black, two basal joints fulvous be-

neath. Thorax more than twice broader than long; sides straight,

narrowed and rounded in front, anterior angles obsoletely mu-

cronate; above sub-remotely and finely punctured, puncturing

rather deeper on the sides and base. Elytra broader than the

thorax, very convex, rotundate-ovate, surface very finely reticu-

late-aciculate, finely and sub-remotely punctured, each elytron

impressed on its inner half with five or six regular rows of some-

what deeper punctures.

Hab. Peru.

Genus Lrertinorarsa, Chev. MSS.

Leptinotarsa porosa.

Ovata, convexa, nitido-znea, elytris punctis magnis fortiter

New Species of Phytophagous Insects. 155

impressis, punctis fundo cupreis, prope suturam seriatim—

ad latera confuse—dispositis.

Long. 43 lin.

Ovate, convex, metallic green, with a more or less distinct

coppery tint above. Head finely punctured, forehead angularly

impressed ; antennee black, basal joints dark eneous. ‘Thorax

twice broader than long; sides straight and nearly parallel,

rounded and narrowed in front; surface coarsely and deeply

punctured, punctures irregularly confluent. Elytra rather broader

than the thorax, convex, surface impressed with numerous large

deeply excavated punctures, more or less cupreous at their ex-

treme base, somewhat distantly arranged in rows near the suture,

irregularly placed towards the sides; interstices slightly swollen,

more especially towards the lateral border, smooth and shining,

here and there impressed with a few fine punctures. Four ante-

rior tarsi with their basal joint dilated in the male.

Hab. Brazil.

Genus Paratina, Baly.

Antenne filiformes, articulo primo incrassato, secundo parvo,

tertio elongato, ceteris leniter compressis.

Labrum transversum.

Mandibule subtrigone, apice bidentate.

Palpi mavillares clavati, articulo ultimo truncato: labiales parvi,

articulo ultimo obtuso,

Menium transversum.

Caput sub-declive, breviter triangulare, oculis anguste oblongis.

Thorax transversus, lateribus fere rectis.

Scuiellum semiovatum.

Elytra ovata, postice leniter ampliata, convexa.

Pedes sub-elongati, tarsts simplicibus.

Prosternum \ongitudinaliter elevatum.

Mesosternum parvum, perpendiculare, metasterno ocultatum.

Metasternum antrorsum inter coxas intermedias ad_ prosterni

basin protensum.

Corpus oblongum, convexum.

Type—Chrysomela Indica, Hope, Zool. Mis. 29, from Nepaul ;

also described under the names of

Chrysomela Caschmierensis, Redtenb. in Hugel, Kaschen. iv.

558.

Lina elata, Stal, Ofvers, af Kongl. Veten. Akad. Foérh. 1857,

p: 60 (1858).

156 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions of

This genus is at once separated from its allies by the peculiar

form of the metasternum, the apex of which articulates with the

base of the prosternum.

Genus GontoctTena, Redtenb.

Gonioctena flexuosa.

Elongata, sub-depressa, nigra, nitida; elytris punctato-striatis,

flavis, utrisque fascia lata flexuosa ante medium maculaque

ante apicem nigris.

Long. 8 lin.

Elongate, sub-depressed, shining black; elytra pale yellow,

each with a broad flexuous band before the middle and a large

sub-apical spot shining black. Head coarsely punctured, exca-

vated between the eyes; face sub-horizontal; antenne scarcely

longer than the head and thorax, basal joints pale fulvous beneath.

Thorax more than twice broader than long, deeply excavated in ~

front; sides rounded, narrowed in front, nearly straight near the

base, their outer border thickened; above sub-convex, smooth

and shining, sub-remotely punctured, sides slightly excavated,

coarsely and more closely punctured. Scutellum broadly semi-

ovate, shining black. Elytra scarcely broader than the thorax ;

above sub-convex, smooth and shining, each elytron with ten rows

of punctures, the first abbreviated, the outer one placed on the

extreme outer border; interstices slightly convex; pale yellow, a

broad sinuous band placed before the middle, and sending a broad

process a short distance down the suture, and a large sub-ovate

patch behind, shining black. Beneath shining black, abdominal

segments narrowly edged with piceous; four posterior tibiae armed

on their outer edge at the apex with a short acute spine.

Hab. Northern China. Collected by Mr. Fortune.

British Museum, and my own collection.

Genus AUSTRALICA.

Sub-genus Aucometa, Baly.

Augomela ornata. ;

Ovata, convexa, nitidissima, subtus obscure eenea, supra cupreo-

aurea, zneo-micans; tibiis, tarsis, vertice, thoracis basi apice-

que et elytrorum utrumque sutura, margine laterali plagaque

magna cruciformi, nitido-purpureis.

Long. 33 lin,

Ovate, convex, beneath dark, shining green, above golden-copper,

New Species of Phytophagous Insects. 157

with a brassy-green reflexion; vertex, the base and apex of the

thorax, the suture, outer margin and a large cruciform patch on

each elytron, shining purple ; all the purple markings are narrowly

bordered with metallic green, and also have a green reflexion in

certain lights. Head shining, clypeus distinctly punctured ; an-

tennz black, their basal joints fulvous. Thorax more than twice

broader than Jong; sides rounded, narrowed from their base to

the apex; above convex, smooth and shining, minutely punctured,

sides and apex impressed here and there with deep punctures.

Seutellum smooth, purplish-copper. Elytra scarcely broader than

the thorax, above convex, sides transversely impressed below the

shoulder; each elytron with eleven rows of punctures, the first

abbreviated, interstices minutely punctured; golden-copper, the

suture, the outer margin and a large cruciform patch placed on

the disc of each elytron, and extending from the base nearly to

the apex, bright purple. Beneath dark metallic-green, with a

coppery reflexion; tibiz and tarsi purple.

Hab. Moreton Bay.

Augomela dives.

Late ovata, convexa, auro-znea, nitidissima, linea verticali,

thoracis limbo angusto, basi dilatato, elytrorumque suturd,

margine laterali, linea transvers&i ante medium utrimque

abbreviata vittdque posticd disco exteriori posita, nitido-

ceruleis, subtus nitido-purpurea, abdomine pedibusque auro-

maculatis.

Long. 3 lin.

Broadly ovate, convex, bright golden-green ; a longitudinal line

on the vertex, the narrow limb of the thorax, dilated at the basal

margin, the extreme outer border of the elytra, the suture, a

transverse line in front and a short vitta behind, near the outer

margin, bright metallic-blue; these markings, like those in the last

species, are all more or less bordered with metallic-green. Head

smooth, face separated from the clypeus by a deep transverse

groove, front with a longitudinal grooved line, which runs down-

wards to the middle of the transverse groove; antenne bluish-

black, basal joint, also the under surface of the two or three

following joints, fulvous. Thorax more than twice broader than

long; sides rounded, narrowed in front, nearly straight behind ;

surface very faintly and minutely punctured; remotely scattered

here and there are some deep but fine punctures. Scutellum

158 Mr. J. 8. Baly’s Descriptions of

purple. Elytra convex, smooth and shining ; sides transversely im-

pressed below the shoulder; each elytron with eleven regular rows

of punctures, the first abbreviated ; the suture, the extreme outer

border, a transverse band in front, commencing at the outer

extremity of the transverse depression and extending inwards as

far as the third stria from the suture, and a short vitta behind the

middle, placed on the outer disc, bright metallic-blue. Beneath

bright purple, legs and abdomen marked with coppery-gold.

Hab. New Guinea.

Of this beautiful species, which has not been taken by Mr.

Wallace during his recent expedition to New Guinea, I know but

two specimens, one in the British Museum, the other in my own

Collection.

Family CASSIDIDZ.

Genus Horrionorta, Hope.

Hoplionota Templetoni.

Sub-rotundata, leniter convexa, subnitido-fulva, elytris utrisque

antice bi-, postice laxe subreticulo-carinatis ; maculis duabus

nigris, una basi, altera pone medium, positis.

Long. 3 lin.

Sub-rotundate, slightly convex, fulvous, each elytron with two

large spots, one at the base, the other just bebind the middle,

black ; tarsi fuscous. Head with two longitudinal grooves on the

front; eyes pitchy black; antenne equal in length to the thorax,

their apex obscure fuscous. ‘Thorax more than twice longer than

broad, deeply rotundate-emarginate in front, sides dilated, their

outer margin rounded ; above convex, smooth and shining, covered

here and there with irregular excavations, dilated margin hori-

zontal, covered with large deep punctures. Elytra scarcely

broader than the thorax, humeral angles slightly produced ante-

riorly, their apex obtuse; sides moderately, apex regularly rounded ;

above sub-convex, sides sub-sinuate below the shoulders; surface

deeply punctate-striate; each elytron with two elevated longitudinal

cost: the first, near the suture, sinuate and extending from the

base to the apex, just beyond its middle sending off a transverse

branch to the outer border; the second, commencing at the shoulder,

runs nearly parallel to the first, but terminates at its transverse

branch; this latter, soon after its commencement, gives off an

irregular branch posteriorly, which causes the hinder portion of

New Species of Phytophagous Insects. 159

the surface to appear loosely reticulate; outer border dilated,

slightly deflexed, its surface covered with several rows of deep

punctures, their interstices transversely elevated; each elytron

with two large black spots, the first placed at the base, the other

below the middle. ‘Tarsi fuscous.

Hab. Ceylon.

A single specimen in my own collection.

Genus Cattiasris, Boh,

Calhaspis Bohemani.

Ovata, sub-convexa, pallide fulva, supra nitido-nigra, anguste

fulvo-limbata, antennis flavo-albis, apice nigris.

Long 2—23 lin.

Ovate, sub-convex, pale fulvous beneath, shining black above,

narrowly edged with fulvous; antennze yellowish-white, three

terminal joints (the apex of the last of these excepted) black.

Head smooth ; antennz longer than the head and thorax. Thorax

twice as broad as long at the base, deeply concave-emarginate in

front, sides dilated, regularly rounded, narrowed from their base

to the apex; above convex, slightly concave near the sides; sur-

face smooth and shining, finely and remotely punctured, punc-

turing at the sides rather coarser and more crowded; on either

side the centre of the disc is a single shallow fovea; the ex-

treme lateral and apical margins narrowly edged with fulvous.

Scutellum smooth, impunctate. Elytra not wider than the thorax

at the base, rather broader across their middle ; humeral angles

sub-acute, sides rounded and dilated to their middle, thence regu-

larly rounded to the apex; above sub-convex, sides deeply de-

pressed transversely below the shoulders; each elytron with eleven

rows of fine punctures, the first abbreviated; dilated border de-

flexed, smooth, impunctate; extreme lateral margin fulvous.

Beneath pale fulvous.

Hab. Peru, Upper Amazons.

» Genus Porruyraspis, Hope.

Porphyraspis pulchella.

Subquadrato-rotundata, convexa, nitido-rufa; thoracis lateribus

elytrisque purpureis, his plagé magna antica rufa.

Long. 23 lin.

Subquadrate-rotundate, convex, shining rufous; sides of

160 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions of

thorax and elytra bright metallic purple; these latter with a large

common patch in front, extending from their base to beyond the

middle, rufous. Head smooth, two basal joints of antenne rufous

(the rest wanting). ‘Thorax concave-emarginate in front; sides

obliquely produced, notched close to the anterior angles ; above

convex on the disc, smooth and shining, impunctate, impressed on

either side at the base, sides deeply and irregularly- punctured,

bright metallic purple. Elytra broader than the thorax, anterior

angles produced obliquely forwards, their apex obtuse; sides

rounded, apex obtusely rounded ; above convex, hollowed on the

sides below the shoulder; deeply punctate-striate, the suture and

three following interstices in front, together with the six nearest

interstices to the suture behind, longitudinally costate, rest of the

surface transversely costate ; the second interstice from the sutural

one sub-carinate, and sending just before its middle a branch to

the suture; lateral margin moderately dilated, its outer edge

slightly recurved; its surface impressed with a double row of

punctures, their interstices transversely elevated.

Hab. Columbia ?

A single specimen in my own collection.

Genus Doticnotoma, Hope.

Dolichotoma gloriosa.

Sub-rotundata, dorso valde gibbosa, obscure zenea, sub-opaca ;

elytris sanguineis, limbo, sutura plag4que magna transverso-

quadrata baseos obscure ezneis.

Long. 93 lin.

Sub-rotundate, obscure zneous, sub-opaque. Head longitu-

dinally grooved down the front; antennz nearly two-thirds the

length of the body, black, six basal joints shining, the remainder

opaque, two basal joints stained with rufous beneath. Thorax

twice broader than long, concavely excavated in front; sides ob-

liquely rounded, nearly straight at their extreme base; above

longitudinally convex in the middle, sides concave, lateral margin

reflexed; on either side the disc are several distinct punctures ;

centre of the disc impressed with an indistinct longitudinal groove,

at the base of which, immediately in front of the basal lobe, is

a transverse groove; sides obsoletely excavated, whole surface

minutely and remotely punctured, sparingly covered here and there

with very fine adpressed hairs. LElytra broader than the thorax,

New Species of Phytophagous Insects, 161

humeral angles obtuse; sides rounded and slightly dilated to their

middle, thence narrowed and rounded to the apex, the latter regu-

larly rounded ; above convex, elevated before the middle into

a stout pyramidal gibbosity, obsoletely excavated near the base;

surface impressed with numerous large shallow punctures arranged

in striz; these become indistinct and nearly obsolete towards the

apex; lateral margin separated from the dise by a single row of

deep transverse impressions, dilated horizontally ; deeply sinuous

before the middle, its outer border reflexed, surface smooth, ime

punctate; bright sanguineous, limb, suture and a large transverse

quadrate common patch in front, extending from the base as far

as the hinder surface of the dorsal gibbosity, obscure aeneous,

dilated border in front also marked with several obscure ezneous

spots. Beneath dark shining eneous, anterior thighs and tibia

stained with rufous.

Hab. Ega, Upper Amazons.

Nore on Doryphora cruciate.

Since the description of this species has been in type I have discovered that H.

Stal has described a pale variety under the name of D. eruciata ; I have therefore

been obliged to withdiaw the name Euphrosyne, proposed by myself for the insect,

and to substitute that given by H. Stal.

VOL. VY. N.S. PART Ivy,—Noy. 1859, M

162 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Notes on

X. Notes on the British Species of Heterocerus. By Geo.

R. Waternuouss, Esq., F.Z.S.

[Read Feb. 7th, 1859.]

Tue following Notes are communicated to the Society with the

view of drawing attention to a group which appears to have been

much neglected. In the latest published list of the British species

only three are enumerated,* whilst in the ‘ Naturgeschichte der

Insecten Deutschlands,” by Erichson, no less than twelve species are

described as inhabiting Germany; several of these (besides the

species here enumerated) have a wide range, and will therefore

probably, in part at least, be found in England. In pointing out

that there are six well-defined English species, besides one which

is doubtful, the writer cannot but feel that his list is far from

perfect, since the whole of these exist in his own Collection, and

he cannot lay claim to any diligence in collecting material for the

study of the group.

Are the males of the species of Heterocerus usually very scarce ?

The author has found such to be the case with regard to his own

and some other specimens submitted to him for examination.

Out of about fifty specimens of Het, levigatus, he only found one

individual presenting the male character; in H. obsoletus he finds

about one male to ten females; in the H. fossor, of this list, he

finds no male among the ten specimens which he has examined,

and the same remark applies to the H. flexuosus, of which he pos-

sesses upwards of twenty specimens. Possibly the so-called male

characters only become evident in well-developed individuals.

Heterocerus levigatus, Panzer, Faun. Ins. Germ. xxiii. 13 (1796

1809);

————_——_ ———, Steph. Illustr. 11. 101, 4 (1829); Manual,

p. 80, 621 (1839).

— ———, Kiesenw. Germ. Zeitschr. iv. 217, 15,

pl. 3, fig. 10.

* Others have no doubt been enumerated, but, as their distinctive characters

have never been clearly pointed out, they have not been recognized.

the British Species of Heterocerus. 163

Heterocerus levigatus, Erichs. Ins. Deutschl. iii. 548, 8.

—— Marshami, Steph. Illustr. ii. 101, 3; Man. 80, 620a.

pusillus, Waltl. Isis, 1839, 221, 23.

As this is the commonest London species, and has the pale

markings very complete, I shall describe the insect in some detail,

and compare the other British species with it. Oblong, black,

densely clothed with a fine ash-coloured pubescence, almost with-

out any admixture of long hairs excepting on the sides of the

thorax, where they are pretty plentiful; jaws pitchy, or often

ferruginous. Thorax transverse, rather narrower than the elytra ;

contracted in front; the sides moderately rounded; the hinder

margin obliquely truncated on either side; the posterior angles

obtuse, and very narrowly margined—that, is to say, they have a

delicately impressed line immediately within the outer margin,

and which follows the outline of the thorax ; this may be traced

along the whole of the posterior margin, and at the posterior

angles, but extends very little way up the sides.* Elytra nearly

four times the length of the thorax, with the humeral angle some-

what rounded, and more prominent than the broadest part of the

thorax ; the sides at first straight and parallel, but at a short dis-

tance below the shoulder they are slightly dilated and rounded ;

the apex is obtusely rounded. Anterior tibize dilated, rounded

externally at the apex; the outer margin denticulate, and fur-

nished with spines; these are usually about seven in number on

the outer side of the tibia, and three at the apex; the longest are

near the-apex, and their length is very nearly equal to the width of

the tibia at the same part; sometimes eleven of these spines may

be counted. With regard to the colouring, there are two varieties,

one in which the markings are very pale testaceous, the sides of

the thorax pale testaceous, but interrupted in the middle, and the

sides of the abdomen and the legs likewise pale. Specimens pre-

senting these conditions are common in collections, and are perhaps

somewhat immature. In others the markings are rufo-testaceous,

the sides of the thorax almost immaculate as well as those of the

abdomen, and the legs are more or less pitchy, especially the

tibia.

[In the common type of the markings on the elytra, the Hete-

rocert have a post-humeral band, which, entering the elytra form

the outer margin, run inwards a short distance, and then is sud-

denly recurved, and running upwards encloses a small dark area

* This impressed line is seen in all the Heteroceri here noticed, excepting ‘‘ H.

fossor?” and H., fleauosus.

M 2

164 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s JVotes on

at the humerus: a second band springs from the side of the elytra

in the same manner, but considerably below the middle, and is

recurved so as to join what I will call the second discoidal spot,

and which is placed but little below the middle of the elytron; the

first discoidal spot being placed between this and the base of the

elytra; besides these, there is a spot at the base of the elytron

near the scutellum, and another which, from its position, may be

termed the sub-apical spot. Moreover, the outer margin of the

elytron is also frequently pale.]

In H. levigatus the margin of the elytra is entirely pale; the

two bands run inwards but a short distance from the margin, and

then are abruptly truncated; the sub-humeral band descends

lower than usual, and hence is separated by a narrow space only

from the second band; its inner ascending branch is commonly

(but not always) isolated. ‘The basal spot sends down a branch

to join the first discoidal spot; the second discoidal is free, and

divided lengitudinally by a dark line, as is also the sub-apical

spot.

[The mandibles in the Heteroceri are obliquely cleft, or notched,

on the outer margin, about midway between the base and apex of

the jaw, and a salient point is thus produced at that part. Now

in the males the margin between the notch and the base of the

tooth is frequently recurved, and produced into a vertical lobe.]

In H. marginatus, , the lobe referred to is small and pointed ;

the clypeus is provided in front with two minute acutely-pointed

processes, and these are rather widely separated; and the thorax

is as broad as the elytra.

Four, out of five specimens which stand as JZ. levigatus in

Stephens’ Collection, belong to the present species; the fifth

specimen is H. marginatus.

The H. Marshami, of Stephens, is represented in the same Col-

lection by two specimens, both of which belong to the H. levi-

gatus.

Common on the muddy margins of ponds and ditches in the

neighbourhood of London, and I believe widely distributed in

England. ;

Heterocerus obsoletus, Curtis, British Entom. v. 224.

, Steph. Illustr. ii, 102, 5; Man. 80, 622.

———— ———, Kiesenw. Germ. Zeitschr. iv. 215, 14, pl. 3,

fees

, Erichs, Ins. Deutsch]. ii. 545, 4.

——-— marginatus, Marsh. Ent. Brit. p. 400, 1.

the British Species of Heterocerus. 165

Much larger than H. levigatus (being usually 23 lines in length),

relatively broader, and more depressed ; the colouring (including

that of the legs and the pubescence) darker. The markings usually

are by no means distinct, and are broken up into small spots. The

basal spot on the elytra is generally wanting, and seldom distinct ;

the discoidal and sub-apical spots are divided; the bands do not

exist as such, being only represented. by spots on the sides of the

elytra, which have the margins dark. The thorax is scarcely as

broad as the elytra, contracted in front, has the posterior angles

rounded and margined, and is commonly concolorous, but some-

times has a small rufescent spot at the anterior angle, In the

male the thorax is as broad as the elytra, and but little contracted

in front; the jaws are rather more prominent, and they have the

outer margin recurved and produced anteriorily into a triangular

tooth-like process: the clypeus is simple.

Common on the borders of the ditches of salt or brackish water,

at Sheppy.

Heterocerus marginatus, Fab. Ent. Syst. i. 262.

, Panzer, Faun. Germ. xxiii. 12.

——— S« ——————_,, Steph. Illustr. 11.100, 1; Man. 80, 619.

, Kiesenw. Germ. Zeitschr, iv. 208, 5,

pl. 3, fig. 5.

, Erichs. Ins. Deutschl. iii. 546, 5.

The size and proportions of this species is much like H. levi-

gatus, but the posterior angles of the thorax are less obtuse, and,

indeed, are very nearly right angles, and they are more distinctly

margined. The markings on the elytra also furnish distinctions:

the basal spot is wanting; the humeral band does not run so far

back before it is recurved, and the ascending inner branch is not

disunited. The post-median band runs upwards internally to unite

with the second discoidal spot; the discoidal spots are simple;

the margin of the elytra is narrowly edged with testaceous, hnt

interrupted between the pale bands.

Found on the margins of ponds and ditches in the neighbour-

hood of London. My specimens are chiefly from Richmond Park.

Eight, out of ten specimens which stand under the name //.

marginatus in Stephens’ Collection, belong to the present species 3

one of the other specimens is H. flexuosus, and the other is H.

levigatus.

166 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Notes on

Heterocerus fusculus, Kiesenw. Germ, Zeitschr. iv. 220, 17, pl.

toa

——, Erichs. Ins. Deutsch]. i. 549, 9.

Extremely like H. levigatus, but much smaller; the thorax

relatively rather larger, the punctuation rather stronger; the co-

louring (including that of the pubescence) darker; the legs and

antenne pitchy. The thorax is often rufescent at the anterior

angles; the markings on the elytra like those of H. levigatus.

Length 14 lin.

My specimens, and some others which I have seen, are from the

Fens of Whittlesea.

1 am inclined to believe this may be a diminutive race of 7.

levigatus.

Heterocerus sericans, Kiesenw. Germ. Zeitschr. iv. 212, 9

(1843).

— ——, Erichs. Ins. Deutschl. iii. 550, 11.

—— ——,, Wollast. Zoologist, 1852, p. 3622.

—— pusillus,* Steph. Ilustr. v. 895 (1832); Man. 81,

623 (1839). ‘

——— —— minutus, (Dej.) Dawson and Clark, Catal. of Brit.

Col. p. 11.

A minute species (13 line in length), relatively much narrower

than H. levigatus, more linear, and with the thorax larger. The

thorax is rather broader than the elytra, and has the sides boldly

rounded in the female, and in the male is distinctly broader.

The general colour of the insect is pitchy black ; the sides of the

thorax, and frequently a middle longitudinal mark, rufescent.

The markings on the elytra are also rufescent, rather broad, and

not well defined ; they consist of a patch at the shoulder, an ob-

long discoidal patch on the basal third of the elytron, a transverse

band below the shoulder; a curved band, with the convex side

forwards, below the middle of the elytra, and a sub-apical spot ;

the outer margin of the elytron is also pale, but interrupted imme-

diately behind the pale colouring at the shoulder. The pubescence

with which the insect is clothed is short and ash-coloured.

Represented by eight specimens in Mr. Stephens’ Collection ;

they were received from the Rev. F. W. Hope, who discovered

the insect in North Wales ; my own specimens are also, some of

* The name pusillus was previously applied to a North American species of

Heterocerus by Say. See Journal of the Acad. of Nat, Sci. of Philadelphia, vol.

ii. p. 200 (1823).

the British Species of Heterocerus. 167

them, from the same quarter, having been given me by Mr. Hope.

I have also received specimens from North Wales, collected by

Charles Darwin, Esq., and am indebted to Mr. Wollaston for

a specimen which is labelled as coming from “ Ferriby.”

I may here remark, that there is a nearly allied species (H. his-

pidulus, Kiesenwetter), which, having a wide range on the Con-

tinent, is not unlikely to be found in England. It is a trifle larger

than H. sericans, and may be readily distinguished by the short

(almost seale-like), pale, glistening setee, which, combined with a

fine pubescence, covered the upper surface of the body.

Heterocerus flecuosus, Steph. Ilustr. ii. 101, 2; Man. 80, 620.

— femoralis, Kiesenw. Germ. Zeitschr. iv, 206, 3, pl. 3,

f. 4.

— ———, Erichs. Ins. Deutschl. ii. 544, 3.

— ——, Wollaston, in Zoologist, 1852, p. 36222

This species is usually rather larger than Jcevigatus ; rather

more elongate; has the thorax broader, more rounded at the sides,

and not margined at the posterior angles; sometimes both the

anterior and posterior angles of the thorax have a rufo-testaceous

spot, but very frequently the spots are wanting. ‘The elytra more

nearly resemble those of H. marginatus in their markings, inas-

much as the discoidal spots are not divided, and the fascia are

frequently complete, the post-medial fascia joining the second dis-

coidal spot, and the sub-humeral band being (often) recurved and

enclosing an oblong dark area at the shoulder; the sub-apical spot

often sends down a small branch to join the pale colour which

margins the apex of the elytra; the side of the elytron is also pale,

but more or less interrupted. ‘There is this important difference,

however, between the markings of the present species, and those

of H. marginatus, namely, the H. flexuosus has a basal spot; and,

indeed, there is often a transverse band at the base. The ash-

coloured pubescence with which the insect is clothed is distinctly

longer than in other species here noticed.

I have reason to believe this is a common insect on our coasts.

I have taken it at Felixstow in Suffolk, and at Southend. Mr.

Squire found it at Deal. A specimen in Mr. Stephens’ Collection

(which is believed to come from Mr. Haliday) is labelled ‘“ 1.

sabulosus, n. sp., Irish Channel sandy coasts.” The H. flexuosus

seems to have been founded by Stephens upon a single specimen,

which presents a variation in the markings which is by no means

uncommon. The bands and spots on the elytra have run, or

168 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Votes on

enlarged in such a menner that the pale colour prevails. Its

locality is given as “the banks of the Thames, beyond Graves-

end.” Dr. Power has a fine series of specimens from the same

place, including varieties resembling Mr. Stephens’ specimen.

Heterocerus rectus, Waterh.

fossor, Kiesenwetter, Germ. Zeitschr. iv. 204, 2,

pl. 3, f. 3?

H. oblongus, parallelus, niger, pube pallida cinerea vestitus ;

thoracis angulis posterioribus immarginatis ; elytris angustis ;

fasciis maculis, basique rufo-testaceis ; pedibus piceis,

Long. 24 lin.

— ==

This species agrees with H. flecuosus in not having the thorax

margined at the posterior angles; the markings on the elytra,

moreover, are essentially the same, excepting that the first discoi-

dal spot is rather more remote from the post-median band; and

the bulk of the insect is about the same, but the form is different,

being narrower, and more parallel; both thorax and elytra are

relatively longer; the head is narrower; the spines of the ante-

rior tibia are rather stouter and shorter, and the pubescence is

shorter. The thorax is rather broader than the elytra, has the

sides gently rounded, and is somewhat contracted in front; the

hinder part is obliquely truncated on either side, and the poste-

rior angles are obtuse. (In H. flexuosus the sides of the thorax

are more strongly rounded, and the upper surface is more convex.)

Sometimes there is an indistinct rufescent spot at the anterior

angle, but usually the thorax is uniformly black. The elytra are

elongate, and with the sides parallel: tle markings consist of a

transverse mark at the base, which is somewhat dilated at the

part nearest to the scutellum; three discoidal spots, and two

bands; the humeral band is recurved in some specimens so as

almost entirely to enclose a small oblong dark area at the shoul-

der; in others, the inner branch of this band is wanting; the

post-medial band often runs inwards and forwards to join the

second discoidal spot, but sometimes the spot is free, and the

band is almost obliterated. The third discoidal spot often joins

the pale edging of the apex of the elytra, the whole outer margin

of which is pale. The legs are either pitchy or fuscous; the

tarsi testaceous. The anterior tibiz are rather less broad than

in H. flexuosus.

Ten specimens of this insect examined by me present no sexual

distinctions, still I am strongly inclined to believe that the male

the British Species of Heterocerus. 169

would present some peculiarities, were there one among my spe-

cimens. Judging from the descriptions, and from a single male

specimen of H. fossor which I have had an opportunity of exa-

mining, the two insects are very closely allied and might possibly

be the same; but when specimens of the same sex are compared,

I think it will be found that the insect here described will prove

distinct—that the true H. fossor will differ from my insect in

having the thorax less contracted in front, and the elytra rather

broader and less truly parallel. The legs moreover in H. fossor

are paler. If these suspicions prove to be well founded, I pro-

pose that the name H. rectus be applied to the present species.*

I have reason to believe my specimens of this insect are from

North Wales.

* H, parallelus differs from my insect in being rather larger, in having the legs,

antenne and sides of the thorax pale; its thorax, moreover, is more rounded at

the sides.

170 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description

XI. Description of a new Genus of Carabideous Insects

from the Upper Amazon River, Brazil. By J. O.

Westwoop, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., &e.

{Read Ist February, 1858.]

In one of the many boxes of insects collected and sent by Mr.

Bates from the Upper Amazon River were several specimens of a

small beetle of a very peculiar prima facie appearance or habit,

differing from every known form, but having the nearest apparent

relationship to certain Heteromerous beetles, such as Adelostoma,

or the smaller species of Nosoderma, &c., as well as to the genus

Rhysodes ; the sub-parallel form of the body, sulcated prothorax

and elytra, and obscure luteous covering of the tegument, agreeing

with the general appearance of some of the former of these forms.

On examining the tarsi it became evident, however, that the insect

was Pentamerous, whilst the digitated structure of the anterior

tibia, the organization of the trophi, and the filiform antennz,

indicated the family Carabide and sub-family Scaritides as the

legitimate situation of this remarkable form, although very distinct

from all the known genera of that sub-family.

Order COLEOPTERA.

Family CARABIDA.

Sub-family Scarrripes.

Sotenocenys, Westw.

Corpus oblongum, lateribus sub-parallelis, dorso sub-planum,

supra obscurum, punctatum, et sulcatum ; collo et parte pos-

tica pronoti constrictis, inde corpore quasi tripartito.

Caput magnitudine prothoracis, sub-triangulare, angulis posticis

liberis rotundatis paullo-elevatis, margino antico truncato,

disco irregulari bisulcato, parteque antica sulcis brevioribus

impresso. Caput infra sulcis duobus obliquis profundis

postice convergentibus, ante prosternum conjunctis, pro an-

of a New Genus of Carabideous Insecis. 171

tennarum receptione, marginibus sulcorum valde elevatis, et

singulo postice in cornu brevi retro porrecto terminato.

Oculi parvi laterales ante medium marginis lateralis inserti.

Antenne capite vix longiores, sub lobum ante oculos affixe,

filiformes, articulo basali brevi (inde antenne haud genicu-

late); 3tio reliquis parum longiori, his sensim sed paullo

latioribus.

Labrum breve, transversum, angulis anticis rotundatis.

Mandibule late, breves, trigonz, apice acute, simplices, versus

basin externé rotundate.

Maxille parve, apice spina acuta terminate, intus spinoso-

ciliate. Palpi interni graciles biarticulati. Palpi externi

articulo 1mo et Stio parvis; 2ndo longiori, dilatato; 3tio

etiam longiori, basi latiori conico-ovato.

Mentum parvun, transversum, antice et postice sinuatum, in

medio marginis antici spina acuta armatum. Labium minu-

tum, paraglossis haud porrectis? Palpi labiales parvi, 3-arti-

culati, articulis 2do et 3tio majoribus, hoc conico-ovato.

Collum distinctum, angustum, rotuliforme.

Prothorax sub-octagonus, capite paullo minor, longitudine

latitudinem paullo superanti; supra planum, lateribus sub-

crenulatis, disco longitudinaliter sulcato.

Mesothorax antice valde angustus. Scutellum minutum, vix

distinctum.

Elytra oblonga, depressa; prothorace latiora, ad basin angulo

prominente instructa ; postice rotundata, transversé punctata,

singulo 3-carinato.

Alz magne, stigmate magno luteo. Prosternum simplex, inter

coxas pedum anticorum elevatum, sed retro haud porrectum,

Metasternum breve. Coxe et trochanteres pedum posticorum

magni.

Abdomen subtus 5-annulatum, segmento Imo in triangulum

inter pedes posticos productum. Pedes breves, graciles.

Tibiz antice palmate, relique spinulose. Tarsi 5-articulati,

simplices.

SPECIES UNICAs

Solenogenys feeda, Westw. (Plate I. fig. 14.)

Tota picea, rugosa, punctata, pulvere luteo vestita; pedibus

magis brunneis, capite lateribus pone oculos acutis et paullo

eleyatis, pronoto canali tenui medio longitudinali alterisque

172 Mr. J. O. Westwood’s Description

duobus latioribus lateralibus, lobo utrinque postico magis

elevato; elytris planis, sutura costisque tribus in singulo

elevatis, laterali majori et acuta, corpore infra piceo.

Long. corp. lin. 4; lat. fere lin. 13.

Habitat in Brasilia, prope fluvium Amazon. Dom. H. W. Bates.

In Mus. Hopeiano, Oxonie, et alior.

P.S.—A description and figure, including the structural details

given above and represented in the accompanying plate (Plate I.

fig. 14—22), were communicated to the Entomological Society on

the Ist February, 1858, and a short notice of the communication

(sufficiently characteristic however for identification) was pub-

lished in the Journal of the Proceedings of the Society given in

the Zoologist of the following month. Specimens of the insect,

however, having been forwarded to Paris, a fresh description and

figure of it were published some months subsequently* by Mr.

Thomson in his * Archives Entomologiques,” under the name of

Aulacinia Rhysodioides. The description is accurate, and the

figures, both of the perfect insect and details, are generally ex-

cellent: the costee on the elytra are, however, teo much curved in

the figure of the perfect insect, and the pronotum too strongly

tubercled. The true character of the legs is also not carefully

rendered. The figure representing the underside of the head

enormously magnified is unintelligible as regards the under parts

of the skull. I find, in fact, nothing of the ornamental details

represented within the hind part of the antennary canals, neither

is there any truth in the two biarticulated processes represented

on the outside of the mentum. The anterior lateral lobes of the

piece supporting the mentum extend forwards as far as the

insertion of the antennz, and the apparent second joint in M. Ni-

colet’s figure is in fact nothing else than the deflexed edge of the

mandibles: all that is required, therefore, is to scratch out the

transverse line at the extremity of this supposed second joint,

whereby it will appear what it really is, the interior edge of the

mandibles.

* Mr. Thomson’s description forms portion of a paper to which the date of Ist

February, 1858, is prefixed. This must, however, have been the date when the

article was written, since we find in a preceding page of the same sheet a note of

a letter, dated from Bahia, on the 11th March.

Fig. 14

15.

16.

Vie

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

of a New Genus of Carabideous Insects. 173

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE If,

(Figs. 14—22,)

The insect highly magnified.

The underside of the head.

The head sideways, with two basal joints of one of the antenne.

The labrum and mandibles.

One of the maxilla.

The mentum and its appendages.

The prosternum, with the base of the fore pair of legs,

One of the wings.

The metasternum and underside of the abdomen, with the base of

the hind pair of legs.

174 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s List of the

XII. List of the British Species of Lathridius. By G. R.

WatERHOUSE, Esq., F.Z.8., &c.

[Read Jan. 3rd, 1859.]

1. dardarius, De Geer ( Tenebrio).

—, Steph. Ilustr., and Collection.

, Mannerh.

acuminatus, Paykul.

———, Gryllenhal.

acuta, of Kirby’s Collection.

2. angusticollis (Schiippel), Gyllenh.

—, Steph. Illustr., and Coll.

—_—————,, Mannerh.

rugicollis, Steph. Collection.

hirsutula of Kirby’s Collection.

In Stephens’ Collection are two insects under the name of “ rug?-

collis ;” one is C. angusticollis, and the other C. minuta. The de-

scription of L. rugicollis is from Gyllenhal.

3. nodifer, Westwood, Steph.

4, minutus, Linn. (Tenebrio).

, Mannerh.

porcatus, Gyll.

, Steph.

carinatus, Steph. Collection.

hirsutulus, Steph. Coll.

Serrugineus, Steph. Coll.

rugosus, Steph. Coll.

testaceus, Steph. Coll.

I. carinatus is represented in Stephens’ Collection by seven

specimens of Z. minutus, and one specimen of L. transversus ; the

description, however, belongs to the true “ carinatus,” being taken

from Gyllenhal.

5. transversus, Oliv. (Ips.)

————_——, Mannerh.

—, Steph. Ilustr., and Coll.

British Species of Lathridius. 175

transversus, Marsh. (Corticaria).

sculptilis, Gyll.

6. testaceus, Waterh.

, Stephens (not of Collection).

Represented by immature specimens of Z. minutus in Stephens’

Collection. L. testaceus is readily distinguished by its short and

anteriorly much dilated thorax.

7. carinatus, Gyll.

, Mannerh.

The first British specimens of this insect which came under my

notice were in Mr. Wollaston’s Collection. Unfortunately at this

moment I am unable to furnish their habitat ; I have latterly taken

several specimens in the corridor of the Crystal Palace.

8. ruficollis, Marsh. (Corticaria).

————,, Steph. Hlustr., and Coll.

, Curtis.

—, (Marsh.) of Kirby's Collection. °

Liliputanus, Villa.

—_————, Mannerh.

collaris, Mannerh.?

Mannerheim unites the Corticaria ruficollis of Marsham with

the Latridius constrictus of Gyllenhal—a very different insect, and

one to which the name “ ruficollis” could never have been applied,

since it is uniform testaceous in colour. Judging from Manner-

heim’s descriptions, I am inclined to refer both the L. Liliputanus

and the Z. collaris of that author to the present species ; the dif-

ferences pointed out between the two insects being so slight that it

appeared to me I could refer some of my specimens of C. ruficollis

to the one, and some to the other description, and yet I fully be-

lieve my specimens (at least) to be all of the same species.

9. elongatus, Curtis.

, Steph.

—, Mannerh.

In Mr. Stephens’ Collection this species is represented by three

specimens of the true Z. elongatus of Curtis, and one specimen of

L. filiformis, Gyll.

10. filiformis, Gyll.

—, Mannerh.

176 Mr. F, Walker's Characters of undescribed Neuroptera

+ XIII. Characters of undescribed Neuroptera in the Collec-

tion of W. W. Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., &e. By

Francis Waker, Esq., F.L.S., &e.

[Read August 2nd, 1858.]

Fam. PHRYGANID,

Genus Puryeanea, Linn.

Phryganea divulsa.

Mas.—Cinerea, subtus testacea, antennis fuscis pallido-annulatis,

’ p

alis anticis fusco-nebulosis, vitta abbreviata interrupta stri-

gaque anteriore discalibus nigris albo-notatis.

Male.—Cinereous, testaceous beneath: antennz brown, with

pale rings; fore-wings mottled with brown, with a black discal

abbreviated stripe, which is interrupted in the middle, and is

marked with white at the end of each of its two parts; a black

discal streak in front of the exterior part of the stripe, marked

with white at its inner end, This species much resembles P.

grandis, but may be distinguished by the much mottled interior

border of the fore-wings, and by the difference in the black

stripe.

Length of the body 73 lines; of the wings 19 lines.

Haiti.

Genus Limnopuitus, Leach.

Limnophilus griseus, Linn.

A specimen of this species, from Haiti, does not apparently

differ from the natives of Europe.

Fam. LEPTOCERIDZ.

Genus Leprocerus, Leach.

Leptocerus niveistigma.

Feem.—Nigra, antennis corpore quadruplo longioribus, alis an-

ticis cinereo-subnebulosis stigmate albo oblongo, posticis

nigricante cinereis.

Female.—Black: antenne rather slender, about four times

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 177

longer than the body; fore-wings indistinctly marked with grey ;

stigma white, oblong; hind wings blackish-grey.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Brazil.

Leptocerus. abjurans.

Mas.—Niger, subtus testaceus, antennis testaceis, fusco-annu-

latis corpore quadruplo longioribus, alis obscure fuscis cupreo

vix nitentibus.

Male.—Black, testaceous beneath: antenne testaceous, slender,

with brown rings, about four times the length of the body ; wings

dark brown, with an indistinct cupreous tinge; hind-wings a little

paler than the fore-wings.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

Brazil.

Leptocerus quadrifurca.

Mas.—Niger, subtus testaceus, antennis fuscis, abdomine lurido,

alis anticis fuscis, vittis duabus strigaque transversa sub-

apicali biramosa aureo~tomentosis, alis posticis fuscescente

cinereis,

Male.—Black, testaceous beneath; antenne brown, slender;

abdomen lurid; fore-wings brown, with two stripes of gilded to-

mentum ; one costal, the other discal; a gilded transverse sub-

apical streak, emitting two branches towards the tip of the wing;

hind-wings brownish-cinereous.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 11 lines.

Brazil.

Genus Macronema, Pictet.

Macronema percitans.

Mas.—Nigra, subtus testacea, capite smaragdino, antennis fulvis

corpore quadruplo longioribus, thorace vittis quatuor smarag-

dinis, abdomine lurido fasciis fuscis, alis anticis fuscis, spatio

sub-apicali pallido fusco-nebuloso fasciamque fuscam inclu-

dente, alis posticis cinereis apice fuscescentibus.

Male.—Black, iestaceous beneath: head with emerald-green

tomentum ; antennz tawny, very slender, somewhat darker to-

wards the tips, about four times the length of the body; thorax

with four emerald-green stripes; abdomen lurid, with brown

bands ; fore-wings brown, paler along the costa, and with a broad,

VOL. V. N.S. PART Y.—MARCH, 1860. N

178 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Neuroptera

pale, sub-apical space, which is slightly mottled with brown, and

contains an irregular brown, almost interrupted band, which to-

wards the costa is darker than the wing elsewhere; hind wings

grey, with brownish tips.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Amazon Region.

Genus Musarna, n. g.

Mas et Feem.—Corpus sat gracile. Palpi maxillares pilosi,

fo)

capitis latitudine breviores; articulus apicalis lanceolatus :

palpi labiales breves: antenne sat graciles; articuli apices

versus latiores: pedes nudi; tibize posticee calcaribus apica-

libus parvis: ale ample, integra ; anticze apud costam con-

vex, apice rotundatee.

Male and Female.—Body rather slender. Maxillary palpi pilose,

shorter than the breadth of the head; apical joint lanceolate:

labial palpi short: antennz rather slender, a little longer or a little

shorter than the body ; joints slightly widened towards their tips:

legs bare; hind tibia with short apical spurs: wings ample,

entire: fore-wings more or less convex along the costa, rounded

at the tips, moderately or very oblique along the exterior border.

Musarna aperiens.

Fom.—Nigricans, subtus lurida, antennis basi luridis corpore

paullo longioribus, alis longis latiusculis fuscescente cinereis,

posticis subpallidioribus. "

Female.—Blackish, lurid beneath: antenne lurid towards the

base, a little longer than the body; wings long, rather broad,

dark brownish-grey ; fore-wings convex along the costa, very

oblique along the exterior border; hind-wings a little paler and

less tinged with brown than the fore-wings.

Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 30 lines.

South America.

Musarna interclusa.

Fcem.—Atra, antennis corpore paullo brevioribus, alis anticis

nigris longis latiusculis apud medium obscure cinereis, pos-

ticis nigricante cinereis.

Female.—Deep black: antennz a little shorter than the body ;

fore-wings black, long, rather broad, more convex along the costa

than in the preceding species, very oblique along the exterior

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 179

border ; middle part, except along the costa, dark cinereous; hind-

wings blackish-cinereous.

Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 26 lines.

Brazil.

Musarna claudens.

Feem.—Nigricans, subtus fulva, antennis fuscis, fulvo-annulatis,

alis anticis ferrugineo-fuscis latis vix longis, fasciis duabus

incompletis e strigis auratis, posticis nigricante cinereis.

Female.—Blackish, tawny beneath: antenne brown, with tawny

wings, as long as the body; fore-wings ferruginous brown, broad,

hardly long, more convex along the costa than in the preceding

species, moderately oblique along the exterior border, with two

slight incomplete bands, composed of short gilded streaks, the one

exterior, the other sub-apical ; hind-wings blackish-cinereous.

Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 22 lines.

Brazil.

Fam. PSYCHOMID.

Genus Cureia, n. g. ‘

Feem.—Corpus nudum: palpi longi, arcuati, decumbentes ; arti-

ticulus lus brevis; 2us longus, apice unispinosus ; Sus 20 bre-

vior; 4us 3i dimidio non longior: antennz setacee, com-

pactee, corpore paullo longiores: tibiae posteriores calcaribus

duobus longis apicalibus ; tibiae mediz calcare uno medio;

tibize posticee calcaribus duobus mediis ; alze anticze anguste.

Female.—Body, legs and wings bare: palpi long, curved, de-

cumbent, much longer than the breadth of the head; Ist joint

short; 2nd long, with a spine at its tip; $rd much shorter than

the 2nd; 4th about half the length of the 3rd: antenne setaceous,

a little longer than the body ; sutures of the joints hardly visible :

posterior tibiae with two long apical spurs ; middle tibize with one

middle spur; hind tibize with two middle spurs: fore-wings nar-

row; six apical veins; Ist and 2nd forks of one vein, which is a

fork of the radial vein; 3rd and 4th forks of one vein, which, and

the 5th, are forks of a discal vein; 6th simple.

Curgia braconoides.

Foem.—Luteo-rufa, palpis, antennis, tibiis tarsisque nigris, alis

nigricantibus anticis albido novem-maculatis et bifasciatis.

N 2

180 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Neuroptera

Female.—Luteous-red: palpi, antennae, tibia and tarsi black ;

wings blackish; fore-wings with seven whitish spots between the

base and the middle, and with two exterior discal whitish spots,

which are between two whitish bands; 1st band abbreviated in

front; 2nd much abbreviated hindward.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Fam. SIALIDE.

Genus Hermes, G, R. Gray.

Hermes decemmaculatus.

Testaceus, capite antice fulvo, maculis duabus posticis laterali-

bus elongatis nigris, antennis nigris serratis, prothorace ma-

culis quatuor elongatis lateralibus nigris, alis albido-hyalinis,

venis testaceis.

Testaceous: head tawny in front, slightly angular on each side,

broader than the prothorax, with an elongated black spot on each

side hindward; antenne black, serrated; prothorax slightly

contracted in the middle, with two elongated black spots on each

side; mesothorax and metathorax a little broader and much shorter

than the prothorax; wings whitish hyaline; veins wholly tes-

taceous.

Length of the body 16 lines; of the wings 42 lines.

Hermes corripiens.

Testaceus, antennis nigris basi testaceis non serratis, prothorace

guttis quatuor lateralibus elongatis nigris, alis albido-hyalinis,

venis testaceis, alarum anticarum venulis transversis plus mi-

nusve nigris.

Testaceous: head slightly angular on each side, a little broader

than the prothorax ; antenne black, simple, testaceous towards the

base; prothorax almost linear, with two elongated black dots on

each side; the fore pair sometimes almost obsolete; wings whitish

hyaline ; veins testaceous; fore-wings with the transverse vein-

lets more or less black. This species may be distinguished from

the preceding one by its narrower head, by the more convex

costa of the fore-wings, and by the black marked veinlets.

Length of the body 16 lines; of the wings 36—38 lines.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 181

Fam. HEMEROBID &®.

Genus Mantispa, Illiger.

Mantispa compellens.

Fulva, antennis nigris; prothorace tenui cylindrico, abdomine

vitta dorsali nigra, pedibus testaceis, femoribus tibiisque

anticis fulvis, alis vitreis, stigmate rufescente, venis nigris.

Var. B. Abdomine non vittato.

Tawny: antennz black; prothorax slender, cylindrical, widening

towards the head, longer than the cox of the fore-legs ; abdomen

with a black dorsal stripe; legs testaceous; fore-femora and fore-

tibiae tawny ; wings vitreous; stigma reddish; veins black ; discal

areolets elongated, hexagonal or feftiagonal their, two longest sides

undulating. Wars B; Abddinen without a stripe ; ” fore- feria and

fore-tibize testaceous ; wings with the veins testaceous towards the

base.

Length of the body 7—8 lines ; of the wings 12—14 lines.

Brazil, Amazon Region.

Mantispa umbripennis.

Nigra, capite lineis duabus flavis, prothorace lineis tribus luteis,

abdominis segmentis flavo-marginatis, pedibus fulvis, anticis

nigris flavido-vittatis, alis subluridis, costa apice plagaque

postica elongata fuscis, stigmate venisque nigris.

Black: head with a yellow line on each side of the face ; antennae

short, stout, compact; prothorax cylindrical, wider towards the

head, with three luteous lines, as long as the fore-coxe ; hind

borders of the abdominal segments yellow; legs tawny ; fore-legs

black, striped with dingy yellow; wings slightly lurid, brown

along the costa and at the tips, and with an elongated brown patch

on the hind border ; stigma and veins black.

Length of the Bad s sities ; of the wings 8 lines.

Natal!

Mantispa lurida.

Picea, capite apud oculos flavo, facie flava vittis tribus nigris,

antennis ferrugineis robustis, prothorace lineis tribus fasciaque

antica flavis, mesothoracis fascia antica lateribus pectoreque

flavis, abdomine ferrugineo vitta dorsali picea, lateribus

fasciisque ventralibus flavis, pedibus luteo-flavis, anticis piceo-

vittatis, alis luridis stigmate rufescente.

Piceous: head yellow about the eyes; face yellow, with three

black stripes; antenne ferruginous, short, stout, compact; pro-

182 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Neuroptera

thorax hardly as long as the fore-coxz, transversely rugulose, with

three yellow lines, wider and with an interrupted yellow band to-

wards the head; mesothorax with a yellow band in front; sides

and pectus mostly yellow; abdomen ferruginous, with a piceous

dorsal stripe; sides mostly yellow; ventral segments with yellow

bands; legs luteous-yellow ; fore-legs with piceous stripes; wings

lurid ; stigma reddish; veins black, tawny at the base and along

the costa.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Genus VarniA, n. g.

Feem.—Corpus robustum: caput brevissimum: palpi brevissimi:

prothorax transversus, sub-quadratus: abdomen crassum,

thorace vix duplo longius: pedes simplices, inermes, sat validi:

alze longee, non late, venis venulisque plurimis.

Female.—Body stout, resembling that of Perla: head very

short, nearly as broad as the prothorax: palpi very short: pro-

thorax sub-quadrate, full twice broader than long; mesothorax

somewhat larger than the prothorax, and than the metathorax,

which is well developed: abdomen thick, nearly twice longer than

the thorax : legs moderately stout, simple, unarmed : wings long,

moderately broad, space between the costa and sub-costa with

many transverse veinlets, which are most numerous exteriorly ;

radius emitting several sectors, which are parallel to each other,

and are connected by numerous veinlets, and thus form many

nearly square areolets; space behind the cubitus with veins and

veinlets much like those of the forepart.

Varnia perloides.

Foem.—Testacea, prothorace vitta strigisque quatuor laterali-

bus nigris, mesothorace et metathorace fusco-maculatis, ab-

domine ferrugineo, alis albidis semihyalinis, venulis transversis

nigricante marginatis, venis nigris basi testaceis.

Female.—Testaceous: slightly pilose on the sides of the thorax ;

prothorax with a black stripe, and with two black transverse

streaks on each side; mesothorax and metathorax with a brown

spot on each lobe; abdomen ferruginous ; wings whitish, semi-

hyaline; transverse veinlets with blackish borders; a sub-costal

space towards the tip of each wing without transverse veinlets,

and accordingly wholly pale; veins black, testaceous towards the

base.

Length of the body 10 lines; of the wings 26 lines.

West Australia.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 183

Genus Osmytus, Latr,

Osmylus punctipennis.

Mas.—Piceus, pidibus sordide testaceis, femoribus apice nigri-

cantibus, tibiis nigricante fasciatis, alis vitreis purpureo-

micantibus, venis viridi-nitentibus, costa setosa, stigmate

testaceo et nigricante,-alis anticis fusco-sub-punctatis.

Male.—Piceous: Jegs dingy testaceous; femora blackish to-

wards the tips; tibiae with a blackish band; wings vitreous, with

very brilliant purple reflections; veins with green reflections,

with numerous little bristles like those of O. chrysops; costa

thickly setose ; stigma testaceous, partly blackish; fore-wings with

a few brown points hindward.

Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 24 lines.

Hindostan.

Genus Curysopa, Leach.

Chrysopa ignobilis.

Albida, luteo-univittata, prothorace longiusculo, punctis quatuor

lateralibus nigris, mesothorace punctis duobus_lateralibus

nigris, alis vitreis, venis albis, stigmate sub-testaceo.

Whitish, with a pale luteous stripe ; prothorax rather long,

with two black points on each side; mesothorax with a black

point on each side ; wings quite vitreous ; veins white, in structure

much like those of C. septempunctata, but rather fewer ; stigma

very slightly testaceous.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 14 lines.

Hindostan.

Chrysopa pubicosta.

Testacea, nigro-notata, capite punctis nigris, antennis basi

nigris, alis vitreis, venis albis setulosis, stigmate sub-testaceo

lituris nigricantibus, alis anticis costa valde setulosa, ma-

~cula basali, lituris duabus posticis strigaque interrupta

fuscis,

Testaceous: head with some black points; antenne black at

the base; thorax and abdomen with various black marks ; wings

vitreous ; veins white, rather setulose ; stigma slightly testaceous,

with some blackish marks; fore-wings with the costa very setu-

lose ; space between the costa and the sub-costa very broad towards

the base of the wing; areolets behind the radius somewhat irre-

gular; a brown spot near the base, two brown marks near the

184 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Neuroptera.

hind border, and an interrupted brown streak on the transverse

veins in the disk,

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 16 lines.

Hindostan.

Chrysops Mozambica.

Mas.—Lutea, capite supra viridi, prothorace breviusculo lati-

usculo, margine antico fasciaque bifurcata ferrugineis, meso-

thorace fasciis duabus angulatis nigris, alis vitreis vix

cinerascentibus, venis testaceis nigro-variis, stigmate longo

fuscescente nigricante-notato, alis anticis macula postica nigra.

Male.—Uuteous: head with the vertex green; prothorax rather

short and broad, ferruginous in front and with a ferruginous band

which is forked on each side; mesothorax with two angular black

bands; wings vitreous, very slightly greyish, very iridescent ; veins

testaceous, slightly setulose, partly black; stigma Jong, brownish,

with a blackish mark at its interior end; fore-wings with veins

much like those of C. septempunctata ; a black spot on the interior

border near the base.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 18 lines.

Mozambique.

Genus Arocurysa, Schneider.

Apochrysa beata.

Mas.—Testacea, gracillima, antennis albidis longissimis, abdo-

mine longo, alis vitreis,.venis albidis, tuberculo discali ex-

teriore opalino radiis nigris ornato, stigmate nigricante mi-

nimo, alis anticis amplis tuberculo opalino posteriore, posticis

puncto marginali nigra.

Male.—Testaceous, very slender : antennz whitish, very much

jonger than the fore-wings, and much more than twice the length

of the body ; abdomen long; wings quite vitreous, with brilliant

blue reflections ; veins whitish; costa pubescent; space between the

costa and the sub-costa very broad; a pearly tubercle with five or

six black rays on the exterior part of each disk ; stigma blackish,

very small; fore-wings ample, with six rows of areolets in the

disk, and with a pearly black-rayed tubercle in the hind part of

the disk ; hind-wings much narrower, with a minute black dot by

the interior border near the base.

Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 22 lines.

Amazon Region.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 185

Genus DrEePpANEPTERYX, Leach.

Drepanepteryx falculoides.

Foem.—Fulva, prothorace sub-quadrato, antennis corporis di-

midio vix longioribus, alis anticis sub-falcatis cinereo-variis,

costa basi dilatata, margine exteriore inciso, lineis duabus

obliquis exterioribus e punctis nigricantibus, alis posticis

vitreis vix cinerascentibus.

Female.—Tawny: head almost concealed by the prothorax,

which is sub-quadrate ; antenne rather stout, very little more than

half the length of the body; wings rather narrow; veins testa-

ceous; fore-wings minutely varied with cinereous, sub-falcate,

with two slightly concave notches on the exterior border, which is

very oblique; costal space abruptly dilated at the base, and with

two rows of areolets, much narrower exteriorly; discal veins

very numerous; two exterior oblique lines of blackish points ;

hind-wings vitreous, hardly cinereous except along the costa;

discal veins few; costal space narrow.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 13 lines.

Hindostan.

Genus Hemerostus, Linn.

Hemerobius decisus.

Feem.—Pallide luteus, capite litura verticali punctisque duobus

lateralibus nigris, antennis fulvis, thorace nigricante, alis ci-

nereis, anticis nigricante-cinereo varlis, strigis duabus dis-

calibus obliquis nigricantibus, guttis marginalibus pallidis,

Female.—Pale luteous: head with a black mark on the vertex,

and with a black point on each side; antennz tawny, rather short

and stout; thorax blackish; abdomen somewhat darker along

each side ; wings cinereous; fore-wings thickly varied with black-

ish cinereous; borders with pale dots, which are largest along the

costa; costal space very broad towards the base; two oblique

blackish streaks in the disk ; veins black, very numerous in the

disk, where there are two transverse slightly oblique lines of

veinlets; hind-wings a little darker along the costa, where the

veinlets are very numerous,

Length of the body 43 lines; of the wings 13 lines,

Hindostan.

186 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Neuroptera

Hemerobius setosulus.

Mas.—Testaceus, capite thoraceque nigricantibus, alis vitreis,

venis pallidis, alis anticis fascia informi sub-obliqua e lituris

fuscis, punctis marginalibus nigris.

Male.—Allied to H. hirtus. Testaceous: head and thorax

blackish; wings vitreous; veins pale; fore-wings pubescent, or

minutely bristly, varied with brown, which forms an irregular

slightly oblique band; borders with black points ; costa very

broad towards the base of the wing; hind- wings a little darker

along the costa.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Hindostan.

Hemerobius Tasmanie.

Mas et Fem.—Testaceus, capite fulvo, fascia vitta punctisque

duobus testaceis, thorace lituris fulvis, pedibus albidis, alis

angustis sub-vitreis, venis albidis, alis anticis sub-pubescenti-

bus, venis paucis fusco-punctatis.

Male and Female.—Testaceous: head tawny, with a band, a

stripe and a point on each sidé hindward testaceous ; thorax with

some tawny marks; legs whitish ; wings narrow, almost vitreous ;

veins whitish ; fore-wings minutely pubescent; veins rather few,

with brown points.

Length of the body 2-——23 lines; of the wings 5—6 lines.

Tasmania.

Genus Brrorua, n. g.

Foem.—Corpus gracile: caput thorace latius: oculi oblongi;

antenne filiformes, basi approximate, corporis dimidio

paullo longiores, articulis paucis: prothorax sub-quadratus :

abdomen compressum, thorace longius: pedes pilosi: ale

anguste, ciliatee, sub-falcatae, venulis transversis paucissimis,

margine exterlore perobliquo.

Female. —Body slender: head broader than the thorax: eyes

oblong: antenne filiform, approximate at the base, a little more

than half the length of the body; joints few: prothorax sub-

quadrate: abdomen compressed, longer than the thorax: legs

pilose: wings narrow, ciliated, sub-falcate ; transverse veinlets

very few; exterior border very oblique: fore-wings with the ex-

terior border slightly concave ; space between the costa and the

sub-costa narrow, its transverse veinlets forked in front.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 187

Berotha insolita.

Fem.—Testacea, capite, thorace pedibusque fusco-notatis, alis

vitreis sub-cinerascentibus, stigmate nigro-fuscescente, venis

alarum anticarum albidis fusco-punctatis, venulis transversis

nigro-nebulosis.

Female.—Testaceous: head, thorax and legs with minute brown

marks ; wings vitreous, slightly greyish ; stigma brownish, shaded

with black ; fore-wings with the costal space decreasing in breadth

from near the base to the stigma; veins whitish, with brown

points, rather numerous ; transverse veins clouded with black.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Hindostan.

Fam. MYRMELEONID.

Genus Myrmeteon, Linn.

Myrmeleon tigroides.

Mas.—Pallide luteus, capite thoraceque nigro-vittatis, capitis

fascia, antennis pedibusque nigris, thorace vittis tribus nigris,

abdomine apicem versus nigro, alis fusco-variis, anticis sub-

cinereis, posticis albidis,

Male.—Structure of M. speciosus. Pale luteous: antennz and

legs black; head and thorax with black hairs and with a black

stripe; head with a black band between the eyes and with a

piceous mark on each side of the end of the stripe; thorax with

whitish hairs hindward, with three black stripes; abdomen long,

black towards the tip; basal half thickly clothed with pale hairs ;

apical half more thinly clothed with shorter black hairs; apical

appendages short; fore-wings slightly cinereous, with some brown

or blackish marks along the costa and along the interior border,

with two brown spots in the exterior part of the disk, and with an

irregular brown sub-apical band; a brown slightly ramifying

discal stripe extending from the base to nearly half the length;

two white elongated marks near the hind border, one interior, the

other basal; hind-wings whitish, with three broad irregular brown

bands, the first nearly joining a brown streak which proceeds from

the base, abbreviated hindward, and having opposite to it a sub-

fusiform marginal brown patch, the third including a sub-apical

whitish spot.

Length of the body 26 lines; of the wings 51 lines.

Hindostan.

188 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Neuroptera

Myrmeleon conicollis.

Ferrugineo-fusca, gracilis, capite lineis flavis, facie flava,

palpis longis clavatis, antennis nigris clavatis basi rufescenti-

bus, thorace vittis quatuor flavis, pedibus flavis robustis

spinosis, alis longis angustis acuminatis, plagis costalibus

liturisque posterioribus fuscis, venis stigmateque albis.

Ferruginous brown, slender: head above with various yellow

lines ; face and underside yellow; palpi long, slender, with clavate

tips; antenne black, clavate, reddish at the base; thorax with

four yellow stripes; abdomen rather shorter than the fore-wings ;

legs yellow, stout, spinose; spurs as long as the first and second

joints of the tarsi; wings long, narrow, slightly angular and

acuminated at the tips; veins and stigma white; fore-wings a little

broader and hardly shorter than the hind-wings, with four brown

costal patches, and with several small brown marks in the disk

and along the hind border; hind-wings with three brown costal

patches, and with the other marks larger and fewer than those of

the fore-wings.

Length of the body 15 lines; of the wings 30 lines.

Amazon Region.

Allied to M. subdolus.

This species and the four following agree with M. immitis in the

structure of the wing-veins, and with them belong to a South

American group, which is distinguished by a long slender body,

short clavate antenne and narrow lanceolate wings.

Myrmeleon nigriventris.

Nigricans, gracilis, capitis lituris facieque testaceis, antennis

nigricantibus capitatis ferrugineo-lineatis, thorace vittis dua-

bus lateralibus latis lineisque interruptis testaceis, pedibus

testaceis -validis spinosis, alis angustis acuminatis, stigmate.

albo, venis nigris albo-fasciatis, venis paucis nonnunquam

nigro-nebulosis.

Blackish, slender: head testaceous in front and beneath, and

with several testaceous marks above; antennz blackish, capitate,

with a ferruginous line above; thorax with slight interrupted tes-

taceous lines, and with a broad testaceous stripe on each side;

abdomen longer than the wings in the male, rather shorter in the

female; legs testaceous, stout, spinose; wings narrow, acuminated ;

stigma white, veins black, with white bands; fore-wings with the

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 189

veins occasionally clouded with black along the sub-costa and

along the middle of the disk.

Length of the body 14—18 lines; of the wings 24—27 lines.

Amazon Region, Colombia.

Myrmeleon pubiventris.

Mas.—Testaceus, gracilis, capite lituris transversis fuscis, an-

tennis ferrugineis capitatis, thorace vittis quatuor fuscis, ab-

domine longissimo valde pubescente apicem versus fusco,

pedibus validis spinosis, alis acuminatis perangustis sub-tes-

taceis, stigmate pallide fusco, venis fuscis albo-fasciatis.

Male.—Testaceous, slender: head above with transverse brown

marks; antennz ferruginous, capitate; thorax with four brown

stripes, which are most regular and complete on the prothorax ;

abdomen very pubescent, brown towards the tip, much longer

than the wings or nearly twice their length; legs short, stout,

spinose ; wings acuminated, very narrow, with a slight testaceous

tinge; stigma pale brown; veins brown, with white bands; hind-

wings shorter than the fore-wings.

Length of the body 19—23 lines; of the wings 27 lines.

Amazon Region,

Myrmeleon albidilinea.

Mas.—Ferrugineo-fusca, capitis lineis reticulatis facieque albi-

dis, thorace vittis quatuor albidis, abdomine lineis duabus

lateralibus albidis, pedibus testaceis validis spinosis, alis

vitreis sub-acuminatis sat angustis, stigmate albo, venis

nigris.

Male.—Ferruginous brown: head whitish in front and beneath ;

vertex reticulated with whitish lines; antenne black, capitate ;

thorax with four whitish stripes, the middle pair broader than

the lateral pair, and most regular on the prothorax ; abdomen a

little longer than the wings, with a whitish line along each side

for half the length from the base; legs testaceous, short, stout,

spinose ; wings rather narrow, slightly acuminated, quite vitreous ;

stigma white; veins black; hind-wings as long as the fore-wings,

but narrower.

Length of the body 15 lines; of the wings 25 lines.

Amazon Region.

+Myrmeleon indiges.

Mas.—Testaceus, gracillimus, capite fasciis interruptis nigris,

190 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Neuroptera

antennis clavatis nigro-annulatis, thorace fasciis quatuor nigris,

abdomine nigro longissimo sub-pubescente fasciis testaceis,

pedibus nigro-fasciatis, alis vitreis acuminatis perangustis,

stigmate obsoleto, venis nigris.

Male.—Testaceous, very slender: head above with interrupted

black bands ; antenna clavate, with black rings; thorax with four

irregular and partly contiguous black stripes; pectus on each side

black, with testaceous dots; abdomen black, slightly pubescent,

very much longer than the wings, with about eight testaceous

bands; legs short, spinose; tibize and tarsi with black bands ;

wings vitreous, acuminated, very narrow ; stigma obsolete ; veins

black, Jess numerous than in most species ; hind-wings as long as

the fore-wings, and hardly narrower.

Length of the body 133 lines; of the wings 15 lines.

Haiti.

Myrmeleon excogitans.

Mas.—Niger, capite antico, palpis et propectore flavis, antennis

capitatis testaceo-annulatis, thorace vittis quinque rufescen-

tibus, pectore rufescente, abdomine breviusculo vittis duabus

testaceis, pedibus crassis pilosis spinosis longiusculis ex parte

fulvis, alis vitreis longis acuminatis sat angustis, stigmate

nigricante, venis albis nigro-fasciatis, alis posticis brevioribus.

Male.—Black: head reddish above along the eyes, yellow in

front and beneath; palpi yellow; antennz short, capitate, with

testaceous rings ; prothorax rather long, slightly conical, with five

reddish stripes, yellow beneath ; mesothorax and metathorax well

developed, also striped, but less regularly ; pectus reddish ; abdo-

men with two testaceous stripes, much shorter than the wings ;

legs pilose, spinose, very stout, rather long, partly tawny ; spurs

as long as the first joint of the tarsi; wings vitreous, long, acumi-

nated, rather narrow ; stigma blackish; veins white, mostly with

black bands; hind-wings much shorter and a little narrower than

the fore-wings.

Length of the body 14 lines; of the wings 32 lines.

This species may be included in a group with M. feralis, M.

distinctus and M. fundatus.

~ Myrmeleon obducens.

Mas.—Nigricans, gracilis, capite flavo supra nigricante fasciis

duabus flavescentibus, antennis sub-clavatis annulis flave-

scentibus, prothorace vittis tribus flavescentibus, mesothorace

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 191

et metathorace vittis duabus lateralibus flavis, abdomine alis

vix breviore, pedibus testaceis nigro-subnotatis, alis vitreis

angustis acuminatis, punctis exterioribus nigricantibus, anticis

litura postica interiore nigra.

Male.—Blackish, slender: head above with two slender yel-

lowish bands ; face and underside yellow ; antennz sub-clavate,

moderately long, with yellowish rings; prothorax with three

yellowish stripes, yellow beneath ; mesothorax and metathorax

with two yellow lateral stripes; abdomen almost as long as the

wings ; hind borders of the Ist and 2nd segments whitish, of the

following segments tawny; legs testaceous, slender, moderately

long, slightly marked with black ; wings vitreous, narrow, acumi-

nated, with a few blackish points towards the tips; stigma brown-

ish, not distinct ; veins mostly pale, minutely ciliated ; fore-wings

with a black mark near the hind border at somewhat beyond

one-third of the length; hind-wings not shorter, but a little nar-

rower than the fore-wings.

Length of the body 14 lines; of the wings 26 lines.

Hindostan.

Myrmeleon mcuratus.

Mas.-—Niger, gracilis, nitens, capite maculis duabus testaceis,

antennis clavatis breviusculis, thorace vittis duabus testaceis,

abdomine piceo-pubescente, pedibus fulvis, posticis testaceis

fusco-subnotatis, alis vitreis, stigmate albido, venis pallidis.

Male.—Black, slender, shining : head with two testaceous spots

on each side above, and with some testaceous points beneath ;

mouth testaceous; antenne clavate, rather short; thorax with

a testaceous stripe along each side; borders of the segments

partly testaceous ; abdomen piceous, pubescent, shorter than the

wings ; legs tawny, slender, not long; hind pair testaceous, slightly

marked with brown; wings vitreous, moderately broad, very

iridescent ; stigma whitish; veins pale, ciliated; hind-wings nar-

rower, but hardly shorter than the fore-wings.

Length of the body 11 lines ; of the wings 24 lines.

Natal.

Myrmeleon perplexus.

Mas.—Piceus, gracillimus, capite testaceo, vertice piceo lineis

transversis testaceis, antennis capitatis testaceo-annulatis, tho-

race vittis tribus testaceis, abdomine pubescente, pedibus tes-

192 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Neuroptera

taceis, alis vitreis acuminatis perangustis, venis posticis fusco-

nebulosis, stigmate nigricante.

Male.—Piceous, very slender: head above with transverse tes-

taceous lines ; face and underside testaceous ; antenne short, capi-

tate, with testaceous rings; thorax with three testaceous stripes ;

the middle one slender ; abdomen pubescent, shorter than the

wings; legs testaceous, short, slender; wings vitreous, acumi-

nated, very narrow; veins white, with black bands, those along

the apical part of the hind border clouded with brown; fore-

wings a little broader, but not longer than the hind-wings ; stigma

blackish; veins along most of the length of the hind border

clouded with brown.

Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 19 lines.

Hindostan.

Myrmeleon ambiguus.

Fom.—Niger, gracilis, capite lituris flavis, antennis clavatis

testaceo-lineatis, thoracis segmentis testaceo-marginatis, pro-

thorace guttis duabus testaceis, abdomine breviusculo maculis

dorsalibus elongatis testaceis, pedibus testaceo-vittatis, alis

Vitreis angustis, stigmate venisque albis.

Female.—Black, slender: head yellow along the eyes, and with

some yellow marks above; antenne short, clavate, with a testa-

ceous line; thorax with the borders of the segments testaceous ;

prothorax with a testaceous dot on each side in front; abdomen

much shorter than the wings, with an elongated dorsal testaceous

spot on each segment; legs rather slender, not long, striped with

testaceous ; wings vitreous, narrow; stigma white; veins white,

fewer than in most species, very minutely ciliated; hind-wings a

little narrower and shorter than the fore-wings.

Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 20 lines.

Myrmeleon contractus.

Mas.—Niger, subtus testaceus punctis nigris, capite testaceo

guttis nigris fasciaque antica lata ferruginea, antennis cla-

vatis testaceo-annulatis, thorace vittis duabus latis testaceis

nigro-notatis, abdomine brevi fasciis testaceis, pedibus tes-

taceis nigro-fasciatis, alis vitreis obtusis, stigmate venisque

albis, alarum anticarum venis nonnullis fusco-nebulosis.

Male.—Black: underside testaceous, with some black points ;

head testaceous, with several black dots above, and with a broad

ferruginous band on the face; antenne clavate, short, with testa-

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 193

ceous rings; thorax with a broad testaceous black marked stripe

on each side; abdomen little more than half the length of the

wings, with irregular testaceous bands; legs testaceous, short,

with a few black bands; wings vitreous, obtuse, moderately

broad; stigma white; veins white, slightly ciliated; fore-wings

with the veins along the subcosta, and with a few in the disk,

clouded with brown; hind-wings a little shorter and narrower

than the fore-wings, with one brown dot in the exterior hind part

of the disk,

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 18 lines.

Hindostan.

Myrmeleon eccentros.

Mas.—Niger, gracillimus, capitis lituris palpisque testaceis, an-

tennis testaceis longis sub-filiformibus apice nigris, thorace

vittis quatuor albido-testaceis, prothorace longissimo, meso-

thoracis et metathoracis Jateribus rufescentibus, abdomine

lituris lateraJibus ventreque testaceis, pedibus testaceis longis,

alis longis acutis vitreis nigricante variis apices versus fuscis,

costa apicali subrosea, alis posticis angustioribus longioribus

apices versus valde attenuatis.

Male.—Black, very slender: head reticulated with testaceous

above, and with a testaceous mark towards the mouth; eyes

zeneous; palpi testaceous, short; antenne testaceous, long, slen-

der, hardly thicker towards their tips, which are black; thorax

with four slender whitish testaceous stripes; prothorax very

long ; mesothorax and metathorax reddish on each side; abdomen

much shorter than the wings, mostly testaceous beneath, and with

some elongated testaceous marks on each side above; legs testa-

ceous, long, slender, with some black points; wings long, acute,

quite vitreous, very iridescent, with some black points along

the sub-costa and along the hind border, interruptedly brown

towards their tips, where the costa is somewhat rosy; veins

black; fore-wings moderately broad, with an irregular oblique

blackish band near the base, and with two blackish patches; the

Ist on the costa, the 2nd on the middle of the hind border, a little

beyond the Ist; hind-wings narrower and longer than the fore-

wings, much attenuated towards the tips, with an oblique blackish

patch on the hind border.

Length of the body 15 lines; of the wings 40 lines.

Natal.

This species, with M. singularis and M. circuiter, forms a group

VOL. V. N.S. PART V.—MARCH, 1860. oO

194 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Neuroptera

which is more remote than any other from the typical character of

the gerius, and is closely allied to Chrysopa.

Myrmeleon insolitus.

Mas.—Testaceus, gracilis, capite atomis fasciisque duabus an-

ticis nigris, antennis sub-clavatis rufescentibus apice nigris,

thorace vittis quatuor nigris, prothorace longo, abdomine

fasciis latis diffusis nigricantibus, pedibus longis nigro-fasci-

atis, alis longis angustis vitreis fusco-vartis, stigmato albo,

venis albis nigro-fasciatis.

Male.—Testaceous, slender: head above minutely speckled

with black; face with two black bands; palpi short; antennz

sub-clavate, reddish, with black tips; thorax with four black

stripes, which are very broad on the mesothorax, and are almost

connected on the metathorax ; prothorax long; abdomen shorter

than the wings, with broad diffuse blackish bands; legs long,

slender, with black bands; spurs as long as the Ist and 2nd joints

of the tarsi; wings vitreous, long, narrow, acuminated; stigma

white; veins white, with black bands; fore-wings with several

various brown marks, and with two exterior brown patches, one

on the costa, the other on the hind border; tips brown; hind-

wings a little narrower and shorter than the fore-wings; their

brown marks fewer.

Length of the body 13 lines; of the wings 29 lines.

Hindostan,

This species approaches closely to the preceding group, but is

rather less remote from the usual generic form.

Myrmeleon peculiaris.

Fom.—Nigricans, gracilis, capite fasciis interruptis testaceis, pal-

pis brevissimis, antennis fulvis longis sub-clavatis apice nigri-

cantibus, thorace vitta testacea, prothorace longo, abdomine

ferrugineo basi nigricante, segmentis testaceo-marginatis,

pedibus testaceis longissimis nigro-fasciatis, alis vitreis apices

versus nigricante fuscis, stigmate subroseo, alis anticis ro-

tundatis striga postica obliqua nigro-fusca, posticis acuminatis

longioribus, maculis quatuor sub-apicalibus albis.

Female.—Blackish, slender: head with interrupted testaceous

bands; eyes zneous; palpi very short; antenne tawny, long,

sub-clavate, with blackish tips; thorax with a testaceous stripe,

which is dilated and abbreviated hindward; prothorax long; abdo-

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 195

men ferruginous, much shorter than the wings, blackish at the

base; hind borders of the segments testaceous; legs testaceous,

slender, very long, with black bands; spurs as long as the 1st and

2nd joints of the tarsi; wings vitreous, moderately broad; apical

third part blackish-brown; stigma pale rosy; veins white, with

black bands; fore-wings rounded at the tips, about which the

blackish-brown hue is paler and slightly interrupted ; an oblique

blackisk-brown’ streak cn the hind border before the middle;

veins sfightly clouded along a line in the disk; hind-wings acumi-

nated, longer, but hardly narrower, than the fore-wings; blackish-

brown part containing four white spots, two in front and two

behind.

Length of the body 12 lines; of the wings 32 lines.

Brazil.

It is allied to M. gratus, and represents in America the above-

mentioned ‘group, of which MM. circuiter and M. singularis are

especially characteristic.

Genus Ascatarnus, Fabr.

Ascalaphus leucostigma.

Feem.—Piceus, nigro-pilosus, capite apud os testaceo, antennis

fulvis corporis dimidio non longioribus clava nigra, thorace

maculis testaceis, pedibus testaceis, tarsis nigris, alis vitreis

Jongis, stigmate albo, venis nigris, alis anticis apud costam

fuscis.

Female.—Piceous: head and thorax thinly clothed with black

hairs ; head testaceous towards the mouth; antenne tawny, half

the length of the body; club black ; thorax with some dull tes-

taceous spots; abdomen bare, much shorter than the wings; legs

testaceous; tarsi black; wings vitreous, long; stigma white ;

veins black ; fore-wings brown along the costa.

Length of the body 16 lines; of the wings 37 lines.

Allied to 4. contrarius, A. loquax and A. longus.

Amazon region.

Ascalaphus unicus.

Mas.—Piceus, capite pilis densis nigris, vertice testaceo, antennis

rufis nigro-annulatis basi pilosis apice nigris corpore valde

longioribus, thorace vitta latissima testacea, abdomine supra

saturate rufo, pedibus ferrugineis, alis anticis vitreis basi .

fuscescentibus, macula apicali guttisque duabus sub-apicalibus

196 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Neuroptera

fuscis, punctis sub-costalibus nigris, posticis cupreo-fuscis

macula Iimpida costali sub-apicali.

Male.—Piceous: head thickly clothed with black hairs, tes-

taceous above; antenne red, with black rings, almost wholly

black towards the tips, pilose towards the base, much longer than

the body ; thorax pilose, with a very broad testaceous stripe ; ab-

domen deep red above; legs ferruginous; fore-wings vitreous,

brownish at the base, with a brown apical spot, and with two

brown sub-apical dots, one on the costa, the other on the hind

border ; a row of sub-costal black points; hind-wings cupreous

brown, with a limpid costal sub-apical spot ; hind border dilated

and forming a rounded angle.

Length of the body 10 lines; of the wings 26 lines.

Allied to A. subiratus.

South America.

Ascalaphus sublugens.

Mas.—Piceus, capite pilis densis cinereis, antennis nigris corpore

non brevioribus apices versus rufescentibus, abdomine vitta

dorsali rufa, pedibus ferrugineis, alis sub-cinerascentibus,

venis nigris, alis anticis stigmate testaceo, alis posticis margine

postico plaga sub-apicali punctisque costalibus fuscis, stigmate

nigro,

Male.—Piceous; head thickly clothed with dark cinereous hairs;

antennz black, mostly reddish towards the tips, as long as the

body; thorax pilose; abdomen much shorter than the wings, with

a red dorsal stripe, which is obsolete towards the tip; legs ferru-

ginous; wings slightly greyish; veins black; fore-wings with a

testaceous stigma ; hind-wings with brown points along the costa,

brown along the hind border, and with a dark brown sub-apical

patch ; stigma black.

Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 22 lines.

This species is probably South American, and is allied to 4.

Surinamensis, and to A. inhonestus ; it also resembles A. limbatus.

~ Ascalaphus intractabilis.

Fom.—Ferrugineus, robustus, albido-pilosus, antennis nigris

corpore vix brevioribus, abdomine breviusculo maculis in-

distinctis testaceis, femoribus tibiisque posticis testaceis, alis

longis vitreis, vitta exteriore interrupta informi.

Female.—Ferruginous, stout: head and thorax clothed with

whitish hairs; head clothed with black hairs in front ; antenne

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 197

black, nearly as long as the body ; abdomen with indistinct tes-

taceous spots, hardly more than half the length of the wings;

hind femora and hind tibize testaceous ; wings long, vitreous, with

an interrupted and somewhat diffuse exterior black stripe; stigma

black; veins white, partly black.

Length of the body 13 lines; of the wings 42 lines.

West Africa.

+ Ascalaphus flavilinea.

Foem.—Niger, capite testaceo, vertice piceo, antennis nigris basi

testaceis corpore brevioribus, thorace fasciis duabus anticis

interruptis vittisque quatuor flavis, pectore vittis obliquis

flavis, abdomine vittis tribus luteis, pedibus flavis, tarsis nigris,

alis vitreis, venis stigmateque nigris, vena sub-costali flava.

Female.—Black: head testaceous, with pale hairs; vertex piceous,

with black hairs ; antenne black, testaceous at the base, shorter

than the body ; thorax with two yellow interrupted bands in front

and with four irregular yellow stripes ; pectus with oblique yellow

stripes on each side ; abdomen much shorter than the wings, with

three luteous stripes; legs yellow; tarsi black; wings vitreous ;

veins and stigma black; sub-costal vein yellow.

Length of the body 13 lines; of the wings 34 lines.

Natal.

+ Ascalaphus decrepitus. ‘.

Fom.—Niger, pilis densis canis, facie testacea, thorace vittis

duabus anticis interruptis luteis, abdominis segmentis luteo-

marginatis, tibiis flavo-bifasciatis, unguibus rufis, alis vitreis

sat angustis, stigmate venisque nigris.

Female.—-Black: head, thorax, pectus and abdomen at the base.

thickly clothed with hoary hairs; face testaceous ; thorax with an

interrupted luteous stripe on each side in front; abdomen with

a luteous band on the hind border of each segment ; tibize with

two yellow bands; ungues red; wings vitreous, rather narrow;

stigma and veins black.

Length of the body 14 lines; of the wings 32 lines.

Hindostan.

This species and the preceding one belong to the group which

also includes A, tessellatus, A. segmentator, A. involvens and A,

sinister.

198 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Neuroptera

Fam. PSOCIDE.

Genus Psocuvs, Fabr.

Psocus reponens.

Niger, niteus, capite testaceo, antennis sub-pubescentibus cor-

pore longioribus, thorace vittis duabus testaceis, pedibus

piceis, femoribus fulvis, alis anticis fasciis quatuor fuscis,

3a antice furcata.

Black, shining : head testaceous; antennez minutely pubescent,

Jonger than the body; thorax with two testaceous stripes; legs

piceous ; femora mostly tawny; wings vitreous; veins white; fore-

wings with four dark brown bands ; the first united to the second,

and the third to the fourth, by the hind border; the third forked

towards the costa.

Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

South America.

Fam. EPHEMERID.

Genus Ernemera, Lin.

Ephemera dislocans.

Picea, subtus ferruginea, thoracis pectorisque lateribus abdo-

minisque apice testaceo-notatis, setis corpore longioribus,

pedibus nigris, femoribus ferrugineo-fasciatis, alis anticis

vitreis nigro transverse strigatis.

Riceous, ferruginous beneath: sides of the thorax and of the

pectus and tip of the abdomen with some testaceous marks; sete

much longer than the body; legs black; femora with ferruginous

bands; wings quite vitreous ; fore-wings with regular transverse

black marks along the costa, and with irregular transverse black .

streaks in the disk; transverse veins rather few, mostly clouded

with black.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

Cape of Good Hope.

Genus Poramantuus, Pictet.

Potamanthus exspectans.

Testaceus, thorace vittis duabus abbreviatis nigris, abdomine

lineis quatuor nigris, setis pubescentibus corpore vix brevio-

ribus, alis testaceis, venulis transversis nigris.

Pseudimago.—Testaceous: thorax on each side with a black

stripe, which is abbreviated hindward ; abdomen with four black

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 199

lines ; setae pubescent, nearly as long as the body; wings tes-

taceous; veins testaceous ; transverse veinlets black. .

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

Hindostan.

Genus Patrincenta, Burm.

Palingenia continua.

Mas.—Picea, vitta lata albido-testacea, setis validis corpore

longioribus, pedibus ferrugineis, alis sub-cinereis, venis nigris

robustis, venulis transversis plurimis distinctissimis.

Male.—Piceous, with a broad whitish testaceous stripe, which

extends from the head to the tip of the abdomen: sete stout,

much longer than the body; legs mostly ferruginous; wings

greyish ; veins black, stout ; transverse veins numerous, very dis-

tinct.

Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 12 lines.

Amazon Region.

Palingenia annulifera.

Albido-testacea, thorace vittis duabus anticis albis, abdomine

vittis duabus lateralibus guttisqne dorsalibus nigris, setis

albis nigro-annulatis corpore multo longioribus, pedibus albi-

dis nigro-fasciatis, alis vitreis, venis albis, venulis transversis

apud costam fusco-nebulosis.

Whitish testaceous: thorax with two white stripes in front;

abdomen with a black stripe along each side, and with a minute

black dot on the hind border of each segment; the two setee

white, with black rings, very much longer than the body; legs

whitish, with some black bands; wings vitreous; veins white;

transverse veins towards the costa clouded with brown.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

Hindostan.

Genus Crozon, Leach.

‘ Cléeon debilis.

Fulva, capite nigro, abdomine testaceo, setis pedibusque albis,

illis corpore longioribus, alis vitreis, venis albis.

Tawny: head black ; abdomen testaceous ; setae and legs white,

the former longer than the body; wings quite vitreous ; veins

white.

Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Hindostan.

200 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Votes

XIV. Notes on the British Species of Cisside. By G. R.

Waternouse, Esq., F.Z.8., &e.

[Read July 4th, 1859.]

Tue European species of Cis, and allied genera, amount (according

to Dr. Schaum’s recently published Catalogue) to 42. . Hitherto,

of British species, I have only seen thirteen or fourteen ; hence it

is probable there are several yet to be discovered; and, with the

view of drawing attention to the group, I will lay before the

Society such little information as I possess relating to them. I

will, in the first place, state that, soon after the publication of

M. Mellié’s Monograph in the “ Annales de la Société Entomo-

logique de France,”’ (see vol. vi., Second Series, pp. 205, 213,) I

endeavoured to determine the species of my own collection, but

having doubts as to some of my conclusions, I availed myself of

an opportunity which subsequently offered itself, to send my

species to the author of the Monograph. ‘These were returned to

me with two corrections, and consisted of the following species :—

Cis Boleti, setiger, festivus, oblongus, fuscatus, Alni, bidentatus,

nitidus ; Ennearthron cornutum, and affine.

Recently, with the view of determining certain additional

species which have come to hand, I have had occasion to re-

examine the entire group, and I believe I recognize amongst my

captures the Cis micans and C. hispidus, together with a third

species, of which I possess but one specimen, and which I am

unable to determine. 1 have also to add to the list the Octo-

temnus glabriculus, an insect which stands, in Mr. Stephens’ col-

lection, to represent the C. nitidus.

The species in the Stephensian collection are as follows :—

1. Cis Boletorum, which is = C. Boleti of Gyllenhal, Mellié,

&c., &c.,-as well as of the “Illustrations,” but bears the

old Marshamian specific name, it being the Plinus Bole-

torum of the * Ent. Brit.” p. 85, sp. 13.

2. C. flavus—represented by immature specimens of the Cis

setiger of Mellié.

on the British Species Cisside. 201

3. C. concinnus. Under this name are three species; two

specimens marked with a round ticket, which should,

therefore, be type specimens, are C. bidentatus of Mellié,

&c. These specimens, however, can scarcely represent

the Ptinus concinnus of Marsham, nor have they the

Marshamian number attached to them. The other speci-

mens are some of them C. Bolet2, and one specimen is

C. hispidus.

4. C. migans. Represented by ten specimens, eight of which

are C. Boleti, and two are C. setiger. The description in

the ‘ Illustrations” appears to have been taken from

Gyllenhal, but to have been abbreviated ; and, as far as it

goes, belongs to the true C. micans.

5. C. villosulus. Here the type specimens are Marshamian,

and are marked No. 14, on a round label; they should

then be the fourteenth species of Marsham’s book, and

such no doubt (judging from the description) is the case.

The Ptinus villosulus of Marsham, then, I find to be =

C. setiger of Mellié. The name “villosulus’ does not

occur in the “ Illustrations ;” but in Stephens’ Systematic

Catalogue we find it given as a synonym to C. micans. It

would appear, however, Mr. Stephens subsequently re-

garded it as a distinct species, and, in fact,as = C. his-

pidus of Gyllenhal. It is the fifth species in the collection,

and the description of C. hispidus (which comes between

the descriptions of C. micans and C. pyrrhocephalus, also

in accordance with the positions of the species in the col-

lection) is the fifth in the “Illustrations.” Moreover,

Stephens gives C. hispidus as a species he possesses, and

if it be not represented by this, it can be no other species

in the collection: but the description is evidently taken

from Gyllenhal, and belongs to another insect.

6. C. pyrrhocephalus. Here I find a Marshamian type, No.

15, of the Ptin. pyrrhocephalus of the “ Ent. Brit.” p. 85,

sp. 15. The insect is a variety of the C. setiger of Mellié,

in which the head, and fore part of the thorax, is pale ; the

back of the thorax dusky; a condition which the insect

often presents.

7. C. pygmeus. Represented by a single specimen from

202

Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Votes

Marsham’s collection, bearing the No. 16; it is, therefore,

the Plinus pygmeus of the “Ent. Brit.” p. 85, sp. 16, and

I think is clearly identical with the C. oblongus of Gyl-

lenhal and Mellié.

8. C. rhododactylus. Represented by one (Marshamian) speci-

men only, and that in bad condition. It is the Pt. rhodo-

dactylus of the “ Ent. Brit.” p. 87, sp. 22, and appears to

me to be likewise the C. oblongus of Gyll. I have

examined the specimen more than once, and game to the

same conclusion.

9. C. ruficornis. Represented by two specimens, neither of

10.

11.

13.

them with the Marshamian mark: they are = C. hispidus

of Mellié.

C. nigricornis. One specimen only: itis not a Marshamian

type, nor does it agree with the description given in the

‘“‘ T]Justrations,” which is taken from Marsham’s work; the

antennz being testaceous, with a brownish club, instead of

“black.” It agrees with the C. oblongus of Gyllenhal.

C. nitidus. Represented by several specimens of the

C. glabriculus of Gyll., = Octotemnus id. Mellié.

C. fronticornis. Three specimens, all of which appear to

me to be = C, affinis of Gyllenhal = Lnnearthron affine,

Mellié.

C. bidentatus = C. bidentatus, Oliv., Gyll., &e.

Besides the above, there is a small series (without name) of

Cis nitidus; these were givensto Mr. Stephens by myself, I

believe, subsequent to the publication of the “ Illustrations.”

The following British species have not been recorded by Mr.

Stephens, or have been recorded by mistake :—C. micans, C. his-

pidus, C. festivus, C. fuscatus, C. Alni, and Ennearthron cornutum.

Cis Boleti, Scop. Fab. Gyll. Steph. Illustr. i. 344, 1;

Mellié, Annales de la Société Entomologique de France,

gme Série, vol. vi. (1848), p. 238, pl. 2, f. 1.

Ptinus Boletorum, Marsh. Ent.. Brit. 85, 13.

on the British Species Cisside. 203

Brown, or pitehy-brown; thorax with an indistinct longitu-

dinal ridge, usually with about six shallow depressions, on the

disc of which the two largest are on the hinder part, and are

separated by the ridge alluded to; the fore part depressed, and the

anterior margin (like that of the head) recurved and obscurely

notched in the middle, the reflected lateral margin broad; the

surface very thickly covered with minute punctures, and somewhat

rugulose ; elytra rather less thickly covered with small punctures,

rugulose, and with interspersed large punctures, which have a

tendency to form lines: the pubescence, which covers the body,

very short—under a lens of half an inch focus scarcely visible, but

giving a delicate silky bloom to the surface; legs and antennz

testaceous, the latter with the club dusky.

This is the largest of our British species, being usually 14 lines

in length ; it is very common and widely distributed, being found

in the Boleti growing upon various trees: it varies much in size

and colour; the latter, however, has merely connexion with the

degree of maturity or immaturity of the insect,—when immature

being, of course, pale testaceous.

2. Cis villosulus, Steph. Collection.

Ptinus villosulus, Marsh. Ent. Brit. p. 86, sp. 14.

—— pyrrhocephalus, Marsh. Ent. Brit. p. 86, sp. 15;

Steph. Lllustr. iii. 345, 6.

Cis setiger (Chevrolat), Mellié, 1. c. p. 244, 3, pl. 2, f. 9.

— flavus, Steph. Ilustr. iii. 345, 3.

This species is more elongate, and usually rather smaller than

C. Boleti ; it differs chiefly in having the thorax narrowly mar-

gined behind (the thorax of C. Bolett being immarginate behind),

the reflected lateral margin narrower, and more strongly setose ;

the elytra are rugulose and finely punctured, but large distinct

punctures, like those of C. Boleti, can scarcely be said to exist in~

the present insect ; the pubescence (or rather the short scale-like

glistening setze) is coarser, the individual setz being tolerably dis-

tinct under a lens of half an inch focus; the colouring, moreover,

is less uniform, and is frequently fusco-testaceous, or somewhat

ferruginous, with the hinder part of the thorax, and the disc of

the elytra, more or less dusky. Upon a specimen presenting this

colouring Marsham founded his Pt. pyrrhocephalus.

Not uncommon in Boleti, in the neighbourhood of London and

various other parts. My specimens are chiefly from Hawkhurst,

in Kent.

204 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Votes

3. Cis micans, Herbst, Payk., Gyll., Mellié, 1. c. p. 255, 12, pl.

2:f, 14.

I think I am right in identifying with the descriptions of Gyl-

lenhal and Mellié a species of Cis which I found in the same Bo-

letus with Cis Bolett and Octotemnus glabriculus, at Hawkhurst,

in Kent, and which I have also taken elsewhere.

It has the same form and colouring as C. Boleti, but differs in

being considerably smaller (full-sized specimens being 1} lines in

length}, in having the thorax margined (very narrowly) behind,

the surface destitute of impressions, and also without mesial ridge,

though on the disc there is often a short smooth line; the lateral

reflected margins narrower, the fore part but indistinctly de-

pressed, and the anterior margin less produced, and less recurved ;

the elytra are rugulose and finely punctured, but present scarcely

a trace of large punctures. It agrees with C. villosulus in having

the thorax margined behind, but differs in being smaller, of a

shorter form, and in having the surface of the thorax even, 1. e.,

without keel or depressions. In the nature of the pubescence

which covers the upper parts, it is intermediate between C. Boleti

and C. villosulus. ‘The legs and antenne are testaceous, the club

of the latter black, or dusky.

4. Cis hispidus, Paykul, Gillenhal, Mellié, 1. c. p. 260, sp. 16,

Pls2. telly’:

Ptinus ruficornis, Marsh. Ent. Brit. 87, 20?

Cis ruficornis, Steph. Coll.

Decidedly smaller than the preceding (large specimens being

about 14 lines in length), and more elongated in form; uniform

piceous, with a dense and very glistening pubescence, more dis-

tinct than in C. Boleti, and varying in colour in different indi-

viduals, being sometimes slightly greenish, and not unfrequently

red; legs and antenne entirely testaceous ; thorax with the sur-

face even, and very thickly punctured, the fore part considerably

produced over the head, but not recurved; the lateral reflected

margin narrow; elytra thickly and finely punctured, and with

larger punctures arranged in striz ; the striz, however, are by no

means well-marked, though they present a very evident point of

distinction when this species is compared with other smallish,

pubescent species.

_ T have found this insect very sparingly at Hawkhurst.

5. Cis pigmeus, Steph. Illustr. ill. 346, 7.

on the British Species Cissida. 205

Ptinus pigmeus, Marsh. Ent. Brit. 86, 16.

Cis oblongus (Schonh.), Mellié, 1. c. p. 341, 46, pl. 3, f. 19.

Cis rhododactylus, Steph. Ilustr. i. 346, 8.

Ptinus rhododactylus, Marsh. Ent. Brit. 87, 22.

Cis nigricornis, of Steph. Collect., not of Marsham ?

Rather less than C. Aispidus, and nearly of the same oblong

form, but with the thorax more distinctly contracted in front;

pitchy-black, with pale legs and attennz, and pretty densely

clothed with pubescence; thorax rather thickly and finely punc-

tured; elytra finely, but by no means thickly punctured, the

punctures rather oblong, the interspaces glossy. See next species

for further characteristics.

6. Cis festivus, Panz., Gyll., Mellié, |. c. p. 349, sp. 53, pl. 3,

f, 24.

Fuscous, or fusco-testaceous, antenne and legs pale; thorax

and elytra thickly punctured and well clothed with scale-like sete.

In size and form this insect comes very near the preceding; it is,

however, a trifle Jess oblong, and differs more particularly in

having the punctuation rather stronger and more dense, especially

on the elytra. In C. pygmeus, the interspaces between the

punctures (which punctures are rather oblong) would admit of

two, and often three punctures similar to those which exist, whilst

in C. festivus (where the punctures are round), there is scarcely

room for more than one puncture between the existing punctures:

here, moreover, the sete are decidedly stouter and more scale-like

than inC. pygmeus. The last-mentioned insect (the Marshamian

specimen) I have carefully compared with a specimen of C, oblon-

gus, presented by M. Mellié to the British Museum, an insect

which also agrees with a specimen in my own collection, named

by M. Mellié; and when these three specimens are compared with

specimens of C. festivus from M. Mellié, they present precisely

the differences which that author points out in his descriptions.

The two last-mentioned species are each about one line in -

length; the following is the smallest of the British species.

7. Cis fuscatus, Mellié, 1. c. p. 352, sp. 55, pl. 4, f. 1.

Scarcely 3 of a line in length, and of a narrow, elongate form,

the thorax as broad as the elytra, not contracted in front, the sides

gently rounded, the anterior angles obtuse, the posterior angles”

rounded: general colour fusco-testaceous; well clothed with short

206 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Votes

scale-like setee: thorax thickly and rather finely punctured; elytra

with the punctures stronger and less thickly disposed.

Readily distinguished from the preceding by its small size, and

more linear form; the puncturing of the elytra is rather less dense

than in C. festivus, and the punctures are more defined, the inter-

vening spaces being more even; on the other hand, the punctures

are stronger and more numerous than in C. pygmeus.

I have taken three specimens of this insect, but omitted to re-

cord the localities.

The remaining three species are destitute of pubescence or very

sparingly furnished, and are black, or pitchy-black in colour.

8. Cis Alni, Gyll., Ins. Suec. iii. 386; Mellié, 1. c. p. 338, 45,

pl. 3, f. 18.

Elongate, sub-cylindrical, pitchy-black and glossy ; antennze

(excepting the club, which is more or less fuscous) and legs tes-

taceous; head rather convex, thickly punctured, with a transverse

depression immediately in front of the eyes: thorax fully as broad

as the elytra, broadly margined at the sides, and very narrowly

margined behind, the anterior angles nearly right angles, but

slightly produced; the posterior rounded, the surface rather thickly

punctured: elytra moderately punctured, the punctures rather less

thick and rather stronger than on the thorax—under the micro-

scope is seen, on the hinder margin of each puncture, an exceed-

ingly small and short white seta. |

Length about 14 line.

Distinguished by its elongate form, combined with its glossy

pitchy black colour, and the slightly prominent anterior angles to

the thorax.

I have formerly taken this insect in more than one locality, of

which, however, I omitted to make any notes: this year I found

the insect at Hawkhurst, in Kent.

The following two species have the thorax emarginated on each

side in front, immediately above the anterior angle, so as to leave

the angle somewhat prominent and acute.

9. Cis bidentatus, Oliv.; Gyll. ili. 383; Steph. Illustr. iii. 347,

13; Mellié, 1.\c. 322, 31, pl. 3,4. 5.

Piinus bidentatus, Marsh. Ent. Brit. 86, 17.

@ Ptinus inermis, Marsh. Ent. Brit. 87, 18.

Oblong convex, with the sides: of the body nearly parallel ;

on the British Species Cisside. 207

black, or pitchy-black, and but moderately glossy; iegs and

antennz rufo-testaceous; head depressed in front, and with a

shallow fovea in the middle, finely and rather sparingly punc-

tured ; clypeus somewhat produced, and, in the male, with two

angular tubercles; thorax narrowly margined at the sides and

behind, distinctly punctured, the punctures moderately dense; in

the male with two tubercles in front, separated by a depressed

(slightly concave) interspace. Elytra with the punctures scarcely

stronger than those of the thorax, but less numerous; the scales

or setz scant, and scarcely visible even with a powerful lens.

The male of the present species is readily distinguished by its

bi-tuberculate thorax ; ; the female, through its shorter form, and

the narrowness of the reflected Jateral margin of the thorax, could

not be confounded with C. dini; whilst, when compared with

C. nitidus, it would immediately be separated by the more distinct

and defined punctuation of the elytra: here the punctures are all

alike, whilst in C. nitidus there are excessively fine, and larger,

punctures intermixed; moreover, C. bidentatus is rather larger,

(14 line), and less glossy than C. nitidus, which is usually about

1 line, or rather less, in length.

In Bolett, on the ash, at Southend, and in Windsor Forest,

&c., &c.

10. Cis nitidus, Herbst., Fab.; Gyll. iii. 382; Mellié, 1. e.

325, 33, pl. 3, f. 7.

Oblong, convex, glossy, and‘usually of a deep chestnut colour ;

legs and antenne testaceous—the latter with the club dusky;

head very slightly convex, the clypeus in the male rather obso-

letely bidentate ; thorax very narrowly margined at the sides and

behind; rather thickly and finely punctured; elytra with

exceedingly fine punctures, and larger interspersed punctures,

the latter having a tendency, in some specimens, to form rows.

I have found this species in the New Forest, and in Windsor

Forest ; and I have received it from Scotland. I took specimens

of this insect many years back.

I have now to notice three species which have been separated

from the genus Cis by M. Mellié, chiefly on account of the struc-

ture and, more especially, the number of the joints in the antenne.

Those with nine joints to the antennze form the genus.

Ennearturon, Mellié (I. c. p. 861), which is = Entypus of

Redtenbacher (Faun. Austr. Ed. 1849, p. 350).

208 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Votes

We possess two species, viz. :—

E. cornutum, Mellié, 1. c. p. 362, pl. 4, f. 12.

Cis cornutus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. iv. 626.

A smallish oblong species (being scarcely 1 line in length), and

of a testaceous or fusco-testaceous colour, the legs and antennz

paler; antennz with the two basal joints stout, these followed by

two slender joints, of which the first is the longest, then two

small transverse joints, and the three-jointed club; the clypeus,

in the male, is produced into two pointed tubercles, which are

horizontally compressed ; in the female transverse, rounded, with

the margin recurved, and obscurely .emarginate in the middle:

thorax with the broadest part very near the posterior angles,

gently rounded at the sides, and gradually contracted towards the

fore part; in the male with two approximated tubercles in front ;

in the female with an aggregate of small seta at the same part,

leaving, however, a smooth mesial line; narrowly margined be-

hind and at the sides, the convex upper surface distinctly, but by

no means thickly punctured: elytra about 23 times the length of

the thorax, and very little broader; tolerably well furnished with

small yellow seta, more strongly punctured than the thorax, the

puncturing not very dense, and having a tendency here and there

to form lines.

This insect J have taken recently at Hawkhurst.

Ennearthron affine, Mellié, 1. c. p. 364, 2, pl. 4, f. 13.

Cis affinis, Gyll. Ins. Suec. iv. 629.

— fronticornis, of Stephens’ Collection.

Is considerably smaller (being about { of a line in length), and

relatively narrower than the preceding, from which it is further

distinguished by its pitchy-black colour, less strongly and thickly

punctured upper parts, its dull thorax, and less dense setz on

the elytra; these are, however, conspicuous, being white and

rather strong, and arranged in rows. The clypeus, in the male,

is furnished with two acute tubercles.

Genus Ocrotemnus, Mellié, |. c. p. 384,* is founded on the—

Cis glabriculus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. iv. 629,

Oct. id., Mellié, 1. c. p. 385.

Cis nitidus, of Stephens’ Collection.

A small, glossy, pitchy-black insect, bearing a superficial resem-

* The two genera Ennearthron and Octotemnus were first pointed out by M.

Mellié, in the ‘* Revue de la Société Cuviérienne” for March, 1847.

on the British Species Cissida. 209

blance to the C. nitidus, but decidedly smaller, has the thorax

contracted in front, and with the anterior angles obtuse—not pro-

duced as in C. nitidus. A more marked distinction, however, is

seen in the structure of the antenna, which, instead of being

ten-jointed, as in Cis, are eight-jointed, viz., two stout joints at

the base, followed by an elongate slender joint, then a short ob-

conic joint, and between this and the three-jointed club a small

transverse joint ; the thorax is finely, but not densely punctured ;

the elytra are rather finely punctured, and rugulose.

Common in Boleti, near London and elsewhere.

XV. Notes on the Economy of the Ichneumons constituting

the Genus Pezomachus of Gravenhorst, and Obser-

vations on Pezomachus fasciatus, by FREDERICK

Suiru, Esq.; with a Description of a New Species

of Hemiteles, by Toomas Desvienzs, Esq.

[Read July 4th, 1859.]

Tue observations of Hymenopterists on the species of the genus

Pezomachus have in some instances tended to prove that these

Ichneumons are the parasites of parasites. Ratzeburg states that

he obtained Pezomachus agilis, P. instabilis and P. terebrator from

a species of Microgaster; Pezomachus cursitans has been reared

from the cocoons of Cryptus imcubator. Ratzeburg obtained

Pezomachus from the cocoons of Lophyrus Pini, and also from

those of Cimbex variabilis; in the two latter cases there does not

appear to be any proof that the Pezomachi did not prey upon the

larvee of the saw-flies themselves; he also obtained P. instabilis

from the nest of a spider. Dahlbom has reared a species of Pezo-

machus from asmall moth belonging to the family Zinezna—Hypo-

nomeuta Evonymellus; Foerster has recorded the above facts in his

Monograph on the genus Pezomachus.

Mr. Haliday has also reared a species of Pezomachus from the

cocoons of Microgaster intricatus, as is recorded in the second

volume of the “ Entomological Magazine.”

Mr. Westwood, in his great work on the “* Modern Classifica-

tion of Insects,” informs us, that other species of Ichneumons de-

posit their eggs in the silken cocoons of various species of spiders,

VOL. V. N.S. PART V,—MARCH, 1860. je

210 Mr. F. Smith’s and Mr. T. Desvignes’ Notes, &c.

and that Pimpla oculatoria, Hemiteles palpator and Ichneumon

aranearum are nourished by the eggs of the spiders, and that they

undergo their transformations within the spiders’ silken cocoon or

nest.

During the past summer I collected a number of the nests of

a spider, 4gelena brunnea; these nests may be frequently observed,

attached to blades of grass, twigs of heath and other low shrubs;

they are about the size of a cherry-stone, and are composed of

beautiful snow-white silk, but coated over with a crust of mud,

and thus very closely resemble the nest of a species of solitary

wasp, Eumenes coarctatus, only being rather smaller. ‘The latter

circumstance has always induced me to examine these nests,

but having usually found them filled with spiders, I have not paid

much attention to them. On examining one about the middle of

June last, I was surprised to find that it contained three or four

oblong cocoons, evidently, as I thought, cocoons of some parasite.

Having placed the nest carefully in a glass-topped box, I had the

satisfaction, in the course of a day or two, to find four specimens

of Pezomachus fasciatus developed ; this circumstance induced me

to collect the large number of the spiders’ nests, I obtained

seventy-three. The following have been the results: I have had

in all twenty-two specimens of Pezomachus developed, only in one

instance four from one nest, and in six cases three from each.

In all the cases in which I obtained Pezomachus, not a single spider

was likewise developed.

Another parasite on the spider appeared in about equal num-

bers, but never more than one froma single nest; in every in-

stance, however, four or five spiders were subsequently developed

from the same nest as the Jchnewmon.

This latter parasite belongs to the genus Hemiteles, and appears

to be a species previously unknown. I am indebted to Mr.

Desvignes for having obligingly described the species with great

care, under the name of Hemiteles formosus.

It appears to me that the fact of the Pezomachus feeding upon

the spiders and not on the Hemiteles is clearly proved, as, in the

latter case, spiders as well as Pezomachus ought to have been

developed; and when we take into consideration the fact of

Pezomachus being quite as bulky an insect as Hemiteles, it can

scarcely be supposed that the larva or pupa of the latter could

afford nourishment to three or four larve of the former.

During the last month not a single insect has been developed,

and on opening several of the nests, I found in each, a pupa case

on Genus Pezomachus and Species of Hemiteles. 211

containing a living larva, being I have little doubt that of the

Ichneumon.

HemITELEs Formosvs, Desvignes.

Abdomine rufo, apice nigro, segmentis 2—4 maculis nigris;

pedibus anterioribus pallide fulvis, femorum posticorum

fulvis apice nigris, tibiis posticis nigris fulvo-cingulatis,

Longitudo 23—8 linearum.

Caput fascia argenteo-sericea, mandibulis basi rufis. Antenne

dimidio corpore longiores, maris basi stramineis, reliquis

subtus testaceis, feminze obscurioribus.

Thorax gibbus, mesothorax antescutellum paululum excavato ;

metathorace sericeo. 4l@ ample hyalinz, nervis et stigmate

nigris, radice et squamula pallidis, areola parva. Pedes gra-

ciles, anteriores pallide fulva, coxis et trochanteribus albis aut

stramineis ; femoribus posticis fulvis aut rufis apice nigris,

tarsis et tibiis nigris harum medio annulo fulvo. Abdomen

elongatum sub-lanceolatum, segmento 1° maris petiolato sub-

lineare apice macula flava; 2° nigro apice fulvo medio versus

basin angulato, 3—4 maculis lateralibus et reliquis nigris.

Segmento 1° feminz paulo latiore quam maris, apice obscure

rufo; segmentis 2—4 rufo-castaneis utrimque maculis late-

ralibus nigris, aculeo vix dimidii abdominis longitudine,

pe 2

212 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Wotes

XVI. Notes on the British Species of Donacia. By G. R.

Wareruouse, Esq., F.Z.S., &e.

[Read 4th July, 1859.]

Tue Donacee of our country bear, many of them, the names by

which they are almost universally distinguished by the German

and French Entomologists, but some few of them bear other

names; some, again, have been separated as distinct species, which

should not be so separated; and, lastly, some have been mistaken

for continental species which we do not possess, though descrip-

tions, compiled from foreign works (and not, therefore, taken

from British specimens), have led to the erroneous idea that such

species exist in England; and thus we find in such works as La-

cordaire’s “* Phytophages” a wider geographical range given to

certain species than they possess. D. angustata, D. obscura and

D. brevicornis come under this category; at least, I can find no

evidence that these species exist in England. I will now en-

deavour to point out the leading distinguishing characters of our

species, and offer such observations upon them as occur to me.

I. Elytra more or less depressed, attenuated at the apex, and

truncated at the extreme point.

A. Posterior femora (in the males, at least) bidentate.

Sp. 1. Larger and more depressed than the following

three species; posterior femora but indistinctly

incrassated, the teeth remote and placed one

behind the other; thorax impunctate.—D. cras-

sipes, Fab., Gyll., Steph., Lacord., &c.

Found by myself in the London district on

the leaves on the water-lily.

2. Male with the posterior femora much incrassated

(pale at the base), the teeth placed transversely ;

thorax rather sparingly punctured ; interstices

of the strize on the disc of the elytra smooth,

or but little rugulose; third joint of antennz

scarcely half as long again as the second.—D.

bidens, Oliv., Gyll. (iii. 648), Lacord.; D. cincta,

Germ., Gyll. (iv. 672}, Stephens.

Found by myself in the London district.

on the British Species of Donacia. 213

3, Male with two tubercles on the basal segment

of the abdomen; posterior femora moderately

incrassate (entirely pale except on upper sur-

face), the teeth placed one before the other, and

somewhat approximated ; thorax punctured and

thickly rugulose, as are also the interstices of

the striz of the elytra; third joint of antennee

twice as long as the second, or very nearly so:

form more oblong than in preceding, and colour-

ing more brilliant, i.e. golden-green, with the

inner half of each elytron more or less tinged

with cupreaus, whilst in preceding species the

same part is often blackish.—D. dentata, Hoppe,

Ahrens, Stephens, Lacordaire, &c.

Found by myself in the London district.

4. Posterior femora in male moderately incrassate,

the teeth rather more approximated than in

No. 3, and placed obliquely ; legs concolorous

with the body; thorax scarcely punctured, but

with numerous fine rugule ; punctures of strize

of elytra less strong than in either of the preced-

ing species ; third and fourth joints of antenne

nearly equal.—D. Sparganii, Ahrens, Germar,

Gyll., Lacordaire, &c.: D. angustata and D.

Thalassina of Stephens’ Collection; but the de-

scription in the “Illustrations” (iv. 269) be-

longs, no doubt, to the true D. angustata of

Kunzé, an insect which seems to be peculiar to

Southern Europe.

It is remarkable that the author of the «TII-

lustrations,” with a considerable series of speci-

mens in his collection (under the name “ angus-

tata”), all of which have the legs entirely dark

and concolorous with the body, should, in his

description, have given the legs as “ rufo-

testaceous.”

Found by myself in the London district:

B. Posterior femora of male unidentate.

a. Third joint of antennz moderately long,

5. Upper parts golden-green, with a broad cupreous

band (parallel with, and close to the suture) on

each elytron.—D. dentipes, Fab., Gyll., Steph.,

Lacord.

214 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Votes

b. Third joint of antennz short, but little longer than the

second.

6. Entirely golden-green above.—D. sagittaria,

Fab., Gyll., Steph., Lacord.

My specimens were taken at Covehithe, in

Suffolk, by Mr. Brewer, in June.

7. Rather more convex than the two preceding

species; dullish aneous, with a longitudinal

cupreous band close within the lateral margin of

each elytron, and, generally, a short longitudinal

band within this at the base. —D. Lemna, Fab.,

Gyll., Steph., Lacord.

I have recently taken specimens in the Plum-

stead marches. July.

8. Elongate and narrow (resembling D. linearis);

usually of a dullish frosted neous; posterior

femora with an acute tooth; thorax rugosely

punctured ; elytra with two oblong depressions

on basal half.—D. Thalassina, Germ., Gyll.,

Lacord. Stephens’ Illustrations, iv. 272, 11,

but not of Stephens’ Collection. The insect

which there stands under the name “ T’halassina”

is D. Sparganu.

There are also other specimens of D.Thalassina

in the cabinet alluded to, standing under the

name D.obscura. The description of D. obscura

in the “Illustrations,” however, is taken from

Gyllenhal.

My specimens are chiefly from Reigate, being

given to me by Mr. Linnell.

9. Less elongate than the preceding, less frosted or

dull, being a little glossy ; the colour usually

rather inclining to cupreous or cupro-zeneous ;

the punctures of the thorax rather finer, but

better defined, being less rugulose; elytra less

strongly punctate-striate, and with four oblong

depressions (the hinder pair in D. Thalassina

are almost always very obsolete) ; posterior

femora obscurely dentate.—D. impressa, Payk.,

Gyll., Lacord. Stephens’ Illustr. iv. 272, 12,

but not of his Collection, where D. impressa is

represented by a series of specimens of D.

Thalassina, and one specimen of D. simplex.

on the British Species of Donacia. 215

D. impressa, however, is found in the Stephen-

sian Collection under the name D. brevicornis.

The description in the ‘ Illustrations” of D.

brevicornis is evidently taken from Gyllenhal,

and belongs to an insect which I have been un-

able to identify among our British species. I

possess a fine series of D. impressa from Reigate,

for which I am indebted to Messrs. Linnell and

Brewer.

C. Femora unarmed.

10. Elongate, narrow; above of an uniform frosted

green, passing, in different individuals, through

cupreous to purple: elytra simply truncated at

the apex. —D. linearis, Hoppe, Gyllenh., Ahrens,

Steph., Lacordaire. D. simplex, Fab., Sp. Ins.

te 245, 2.3 Mant..1.. 157, 2); Panz.

I have, in the present month (July), taken

this insect near Hammersmith, and in the

Plumstead marshes, plentifully.

11. Elytra less attenuated at the apex than the pre-

ceding, the extreme point emarginated, and

leaving (usually) a slightly prominent’ outer

angle: upper parts frosted golden-green, with

a purple interrupted band running parallel with,

and close to, the suture.—D. Typhe, Brahm in

Ahrens, Nov. Act. Halens. 1. 3,.p. 37, 19;

Kunzé; Gyll. iv. 680; Steph.; Lacord.—

D. linearis, var, Gyll. iii. 663.

I am indebted to Mr. Brewer for a series of

specimens of this insect, which were taken this

summer in the neighbourhood of Reigate. I

found the insect myself, many years back, at

Wandsworth Common.

12. Form rather short, and less depressed than the

preceding species; elytra somewhat ovate, ro-

tundate-truncate at apex; upper parts golden-

green, slightly glossy, with a cupreous band

running parallel with and near the suture, never

well defined, often indistinct, and even wanting.

—D. simplex, Fab. Syst. El. ii. 129, 13; Gyll.,

Stephens, Lacordaire, &c. D. melanocephala

(Leptura id. Marsham), Stephens. D. semi-

cuprea, Panz., Fab., Redt.

216 Mr. G. R. Waterhouse’s Votes

I formerly met with this insect in the moat

round the palace at Fulham, and have recently

received specimens from Mr. Brewer, taken at

Covehithe, Suffolk.

13. Elongate; general colour golden neous, but

much hidden by an extremely short, and some-

what dense whitish pubescence: elytra each

rather rounded at the apex, scarcely truncate. —

D. hydrocheridis, Fab., Gyll., Steph., Lacord.

Specimens have been recently received by me

from Reigate, where it has been taken by Messrs.

Linnell and also by Mr. Brewer.

Notre.—In the four preceding species the

thighs are pale at the base, and the tibie are

more or less pale in parts, but the greater por-

tion of each leg is dark, concolorous with the

body: the second and third joints of the antennze

are rather short—shortest in D. simplex and

Jeast abbreviated in D. hydrocheridis ; they have

the thorax densely rugulose and punctured, but

in D. hydrocheridis the sculpturing of this part

is exceedingly fine. In the following species

(No. 14) the legs are pale (i.e. rufo-testaceous),

and the third joint of the antennz is elongated,

and very nearly equal to the fourth.

14. Elongate; golden-green, glossy; thorax very

sparingly punctured and scarcely rugulose.—D.

Menyanthidis, Fab., Gyll., Steph., Lacord.

II. Body convex; elytra, together, rounded at the apex; posterior

femora unidentate.

A. Legs concolorous with the body; feet narrow.

15. Above usually of one colour, but with this colour

extremely variable, passing, in different indi-

viduals, from golden-green to green, blue-green,

blue and black; or to aneous, cupreous and

purple.—D. sericea (Leptura id.), Linn., Hlig.,

Gyll., Lacordaire: D. Proteus and D. micans,

Steph.

Found in the London district, though spar-

ingly, according to my own experience: | have

recently taken it near Hammersmith, and in the

Plumstead marshes. Extremely abundant (for-

merly at least) in the Fens of Cambridgeshire.

on the British Species of Donacia. 217

B. Legs pale; abdomen more or less rufo-testaceous ; feet

broad. -

16. Elongate (length from 43 lines to upwards of 5

lines); black, often with a slight zeneous, or

blueish tint, especially on the thorax ; this latter

distinctly, and rather sparingly punctured, es-

pecially on the disc, which is glossy.—D. nigra,

Fab., Gyll., Steph., Lacord.

I have during the present month met with this

insect very sparingly on reeds in the Plumstead

Marshes ; and I possess a fine series, from Mr.

Brewer, taken at Southwold.

17. Shortish (length from 33 to rather more than 4

lines); thorax rather thickly punctured.

Nore.—We find together smaller individuals

of a blackish colour, with an obscure zeneous

tint, and in which the interstices of the strize of

the elytra are even, and scarcely rugulose; the

thorax contracted behind : others, usually larger,

of a frosted golden zneous colour, with the

punctate strize of the elytra stronger, the in-

terstices somewhat convex, and distinctly trans-

versely rugulose; thorax quadrate. The former

is no doubt the true D. affinis, Kunzé, Lacordaire,

&c.; of the latter I have several times seen

specimens from the Continent bearing the name

“discolor,” but I suspect it is merely the female

of the, usually, blackish insect, which has the

antennz rather longer. With regard to the D.

discolor of Hoppe, that insect is said to have the

thorax sub-cordate, a character which does not

apply to our insect, which is the D. rustica of

Stephens.

Note.—Since the above was communicated to the Society, I have seen two

specimens of a Donacia (from Scotland), in the collection of Dr. Power, which

greatly resemble the D. Lemne, but which are of an uniform dull bronze colour,

and have the tooth to the hinder femur decidedly stronger: they are, no doubt,

the D. obscura of Gyllenhal, vol. iti., p. 654. The species should follow D.

Lemne.

VOL. V. N.S. PART VI.—JULY, ] 860. Qa

218 Mr. A. R. Wallace’s Vote

XVII. Note on the Habits of Scolytide and Bostrichide.

By Atrrep R. Watiace, Esq., Corr. Memb.

Ent. Soc.

[Read December Sth, 1859.}

TuErRE seems to be much difference of opinion among Entomo-

logists as to whether the little wood-boring beetles of the families

Scolytide and Bostrichide do really injure and destroy trees, or

whether they only attack such as are already diseased and _par-

tially dead from some other cause. Believing that the habits of

the exotic species will help to clear up this question, I beg to

offer a few observations on those which I have met with in the

Malayan Archipelago.

The species of these islands are not generally larger than those

of Europe, a great number being about a line in length, and the

largest only five lines. They appear to be very numerous in

species, about twenty generally occurring in each locality I have

visited, while at Dorey, in New Guinea, I captured no less than

thirty-eight distinct species, about equally divided between the

two families. I have taken about half of these in the house,

whenever I have inhabited one newly built in the forest, as at

Macassar and Dorey, and the rest under bark in various stages of

decay, or flying about fallen trees. Every species has been taken

invariably on or in the vicinity of cut or dead trees. Never in

the course of five years, almost daily spent in the forests, have I

seen a single individual of either of these families attacking

healthy living trees, or have found any traces of them having

bored into such trees.

On the other hand, whenever a tree falls or is cut down, they

are the first to attack it. In about four or five days dozens of

minute holes may be seen on the trunk and branches, from each

of which a little fine wood-dust falls down, and on carefully

watching we may generally discover some of the insects pushing

out the dust with the truncate extremity of the elytra. In some

trees I have detected two or three species at work, in others only

one. Some of the smallest attack cut and drying bamboos,

others bore into hard dry boleti. No doubt, however, there are

species that attack several trees indiscriminately. I had cut down

on the Habits of Scolytide and Bostrichide. 219

a large tree in the Aru Islands, of a kind containing abundance

of milky sap, which hardened on exposure to air very much like

“ gutta percha.” A few days after I found on it dozens of

a species of Scolytide, with their abdomens protruding from the

holes they had bored, but all dead. With a remarkable deficiency

both of instinct and reason, the little creatures had dug their own

graves, and were all glued fast by the hardening of the milky

sap. Ina few days more there were hundreds so killed; indeed

it appeared as if not one escaped. It seems evident, therefore,

that this tree could not have been the proper food of this species,

or the right place to deposit its eggs. I have since observed

exactly the same occurrence in another locality.

In my hut in the Macassar forest, built for me of freshly cut

bamboos, palms and timber, the Scolyti, §c. literally swarmed.

In a little more than a month, several pints of wood dust, as fine

as flour, had accumulated on the foot of the posts and on some of

the beams. In the stillness of evening their never ceasing jaws

could plainly be heard at work, producing a slight sharp creak.

In this house I took almost all my Macassar species.

Now these facts lead us to conclude that the Bostrichi and

Scolyti attack only dead wood, generally in the first stage of

drying or decay; for if their proper and usual food was living

wood, why should they all rush as to a feast directly a tree is cut

and begins to dry ?

It may be said there are other species that attack living trees,

but the negative evidence is very strong against such a suppo-

sition, which is besides altogether a gratuitous and unnecessary

assumption if not supported by direct evidence. In five years’

search after insects in the eastern forests I] have never met with

one, and the thousand sharp eyes of European Entomologists do

not appear to have been more successful. This is the more ex-

traordinary, as it is evident that a tree cannot be injured or killed

in a moment; weeks, perhaps months, would be required before

any part of the wood or bark would become actually dead, and

during all this time the little round holes that the insects bore,

and the wood-dust that has no other exit, must be easily dis-

covered.

I am led, therefore, to conclude that the Scolyti, &c. attack

wood in which the vital forces have ceased to act; and they are

able to detect this before any external change has taken place.

It is only at a later period that we observe the tree to be suffering,

and in the parts most affected we discover the Scolyti to have been

at work, and erroneously impute the mischief to them. As well

220 Mr. A.R. Wallace on Scolytide and Bostrichide.

might we impute the death of an animal to the flies and their larve

which a few hours afterwards attack it.

It now becomes a question whether the supposed criminals are

not really our benefactors,—teaching us, by their presence, that there

is something wrong, before we could otherwise perceive it. We

may then be induced to inquire into the state of the soil or of the

atmosphere, and be led to examine what diseases or what enemies

may be at work on the roots or on the foliage of our trees as the

points most likely for decay and death to originate in. Let us not

forget that noble maxim of English law,—that every one is to be

considered innocent till he is proved guilty ; since it is just possible

that further inquiry may discover, in the much-abused Scolytus, a

warning friend instead of an insidious enemy.

XVIII. Descriptions of South African Tineina collected by

R. Trimen, Esq., in 1858-9, By H.T. Srarnron,

Esgq., F.L.S., &c.

{Read February 6th, 1860.]

Mr. Trimen not having specially attended to the Micro-Le-

pidoptera in this country before his departure for the Cape of

Good Hope, I had not anticipated that he would have brought

back with him any representatives of the South African Tneina.

But in this respect I have been agreeably disappointed. Mr. Tri-

men brought home three species of the genus Jinea, two of the

long-horned group, and two of the genus Hyponomeuta.

The three Tinee are all new species; of the Jong-horns, one

(Adela Natalensis) 1 had already obtained from Herr Guenzius,

who collected for some time at Natal; and the other species,

which is the type of a new genus, had already been described by

Zeller, under the name of Ceromitia Wahlbergi, from specimens

collected by Wahlberg in Caffraria. One of the Hyponomeute

likewise appears to have been described by Zeller, but the other

seems to be new. Among Mr. Trimen’s captures were one or

two other Tineina, but they were not in a state to be described.

Mr. Trimen also brought home several Tortricina of interesting

forms, but I have restricted myself solely here to the represen-

tatives of my own groups.

Mr. H. T. Stainton on South African Tineina. 221

The species I proceed to describe briefly are—

1. Tinea rutilicostella, n. sp.

2. Tinea Gigantella, n. sp.

3. Tinea purpurea, n. sp.

4. Adela Natalensis, n. sp.

5. Ceromitia Wahlbergi, Zeller.

6. Hyponomeuta fumigatus, Zeller,

7. Hyponomeuta Africanus, n. sp.

I trust that when Mr. Trimen next visits us, he will bring back

some more species of interest.

1. Tinea rutilicostella, n. sp.

Alis anticis saturate brunneis, vitta dorsali lutea, macula disci

hyalinali, costa pone medium angustissime lutea.

Exp. al. 8 lin.

Allied to Tinea Ferruginella, but larger and darker; the edge

of the dorsal streak more of a straight line; but the most dis-

tinctive character is the edge of the costa being yellow beyond

the middle, as in 7. Jmella.

A specimen was taken at light in November, at Knysna.

2. Tinea Gigantella, n. sp.

Alis anticis luteo-ochraceis, parum nitidis, immaculatis; alis

posticis griseis, luteo-ciliatis.

Exp. al. 1 m. ‘1 lin.

Allied to Tinea Biselliella, but of gigantic proportions, being

far larger than Tinea ochraceella. From both those species it is

readily distinguished by the more yellow tinge of the anterior

wings and by the bright yellow cilia of the posterior wings.

Two specimens were taken at light in February, at Knysna,

3. Tinea purpurea, n. sp.

Alis anticis sordide zeneis, vix purpureo tinctis immaculatis ;

alis posticis dilute purpureis ; capite luteo.

Exp. al. 9 lin.

Not closely allied to any known species; the purplish hind

wings remind one of TZ. misella; but the unspotted anterior

wings of a dull bronzy colour, slightly tinged with purple,

abundantly distinguish it from that species.

One specimen taken at Knysna in October, sitting on the

blossom of a composite plant (Senecio?).

292 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Descriptions

4. Adela Natalensis, n. sp.

Alis anticis brunneis, fascia sub-obliqua dilute-lutea ante me-

dium, macula costali lutea pone medium ; capite fusca.

Exp. al. 7 lin.

Readily distinguished from all the known long-horns by the

oblique fascia and costal spot,

I first obtained specimens of this from Herr Guenzius, at

Natal. Mr. Trimen met with several specimens at Knysna, in

February.

5. Ceromitia Wahlbergi, Zeller.

Alis anticis niveis, parum griseo-irroratis, fasciis tribus obliquis

aureo-luteis, quarum duz posteriores inter se cohzrent;

capite ac thorace niveis.

Exp. al. 23 lin.

This pretty species is described by Zeller in his Lepidoptera

Microptera of Caffraria. Though it has so completely the facies

of a Nemophora, the structure of the hardly perceptible palpi at

once shows that it is generically distinct, and Zeller has done

wisely to construct for it a new genus, Ceromitia.

Several specimens were taken by Mr. Trimen at Plettenberg

Bay in January ; they were flying amongst rushes at sunset.

6. Hyponomeuta fumigatus, Zeller.

Alis anticis fumidis, punctis triseriatis ex basi atris, plica albida,

fascia postica albida ante puncta 5 sparsa marginem posticum

versus; alis posticis nigris, vix dilutius ciliatis.

Exp. al. 1 m. 1 lin.

A specimen I have before me appears to agree with the Fu-

migatus described by Zeller in his Microptera of Caffraria, only

a white dash runs along the fold and a whitish fascia ‘precedes the

hind margin. Probably, as in the same genus with us, the species

is liable to vary ; the black hind wing leads me to believe that

the specimen collected by Mr. Trimen is really the Fumigatus of

Zeller. !

One specimen was beaten from a tall shrub at Knysna, in

January.

7. Hyponomeuta Africanus, n. sp.

Alis anticis niveis, punctis quinque seriatis a basi nigris, maculis

duabus cinereis, altera in medio dorsi obliqua, altera minore

ad angulum analem; alis posticis dilute cinereis.

Exp. al. 94 lin.

Not closely allied to any known species ; distinguished by the

of South African Tineina. 223

whiteness of the anterior wings, the large size of the spots and

the two grey blotches, the first of which placed obliquely near the

middle, the second at the anal angle.

One specimen was taken at Knysna, in January.

XIX. Contributions to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon

Valley. By H. W. Barzs, Esq., Cor. Memb, Ent.

Soe.

Part I. Diurnat LEPIDOPTERA.

[Read March Sth, 1860.]

In treating of the Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley in the

present and subsequent papers, I shall have to speak of the region,

investigated by myself during eleven years’ travel and residence,

as divided into three great districts; viz. Upper Amazon, Lower

Amazon and Para. It will be necessary, therefore, to commence

with defining the limits of these sub-divisions, and adducing some

of the reasons for establishing them. The Upper Amazon, then,

is that portion of the Valley which, commencing at the eastern

foot of the Andes, near the mouth of the Huallaga, in 70° W. long.,

extends on the north side to the right bank of the river Negro in

about 59°; and on the south side to the left bank of the Madeira

in 58° 20’ W. long. The Lower Amazon commences at these

points, and extends, on the north side, to the mouth of the river

at Macapa, and on the south to the left bank of the Xing, in

about 52° W. long. The Para district, comprising the southern

half of the Delta of the Amazon, begins at the right bank of the

Xing and terminates at the mouth of the river near Para in

48° W. long., including the southern and eastern shores of the

island of Marajo.

The three districts thus defined, although forming one and the

same river valley, presenting a range of latitude of at most not more

than three or four degrees, offer a great diversity in their Zoolo-

gical productions. If we take as an example the distribution

of the species of the first and most conspicuous group of Diurnal

Lepidoptera, —the genus Papilio,—we shall find the following

data :—

Total number of species and distinct local sub-

species .. Ae as ae ak Pen

224 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Contributions

Common to all three districts (seven being widely

distributed neo-tropical species) on sas oD

Common to Upper and Lower Amazon only .. 4

ia Lower Amazon and Para .. a5 5

Peculiar to Upper Amazon oe 45 Ae ples

5s Lower Amazon 44 oe ee 2

- Para... a ae a ore 8

This result in an extent of country offering no great natural

barriers to Zoological distribution, situated within the same

parallels of latitude, and offering a great uniformity of mean

temperature (about 81° Fahr.), will be contrary to the precon-

ceived notions of most Zoologists on the subject. The whole

country, too, presents no diversity of elevation, so contrary to

other wide continental regions, and the rise from the Atlantic

towards the Andes is so slight, that at Tabatinga, 1,500 miles

from the mouth of the river, the height is only 650 feet above the

sea level. But, in fact, there are other minor climatal conditions

which operate, obscurely, but not less effectively, in influencing

the animal and vegetable population of a country ; and these it is

the proper business of a faunist to point out. In the first place,

the high lands of Guiana on the north, and of central Brazil

on the south, towards the middle part of the Lower Amazons,

approximate the banks of the river. They not only diminish the

breadth of the river valley and the extent of the alluvial low

lands, but they furnish from the detritus of their own igneous

rocks a lighter and less prolific soil than that of the rich alluvial

plains of the Upper Amazon and Paré. Through the soil the

vegetation is affected; the forests are not only less dense and

lower in height, but composed of a different class of trees.

Through the soil and the scanty nature of the forests the meteo-

rological forces are affected. The dry and the wet seasons are

far more strongly contrasted here than in the other parts of the

Amazon's course. Whilst at Para or at Ega there is never a long

uninterrupted dry season, rain falling more or less throughout ;

at Santarem and Villa Nova there is a season of always four,

sometimes six months, without a shower ; the dry woods become

parched, and the periodical phenomena in animal and vegetable

life present different features from those of the other two dis-

tricts. The hills which compose the two ranges of highlands

here alluded to are, however, of very small elevation; they are

highest between Monte Alegre and Almeirim, below Santarem,

where they form a line of flat-topped ridges or truncated pyra-

mids, sometimes bare, sometimes wooded; and with the mag-

to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley. 225

nificent river, here three to four miles broad, form, what the

botanical traveller Poeppig, who describes with so much feeling

the scenery of the Andes in crossing the continent, ‘ eine un-

beschreiblich herrliche Landschaft.” Westward they terminate

on the north at the mouth of the Trombetas, although the elevated

land extends as far as the Rio Negro. On the south the hills are

conspicuous only along the coast, extending about 100 miles below

Santarem; westward the high undulating country continues at

some distance from the river, past Villa Nova to the banks of

the Madeira. The whole of this district, however, is not quite

uniform in its physical features. In the low lands and the islands

in mid-river, especially at the mouths of the rivers, the soil and the

forests are very similar to those of the other two regions ; but the

general character of the country is such as I have described, and

its zoological characters equally peculiar. The Upper Amazons

and Para, as we have seen, have more resemblance with each

other, in their physical features, than either have with the Lower

Amazons. Both have extremely humid climates and a uniform

low land. The amount of rain which falls in either is probably

nearly alike, but the seasons are rather differently apportioned ;

a circumstance which must affect in some degree animal life. The

Para region, too, is within the influence of the tides ; daily the low

lands are twice saturated with humidity. The Upper Amazon, on

the contrary, has only the periodical rise and fall of the river;

six months’ ebb and six months’ flow. During the one season

the soil is left free from humidity, and during the other thoroughly

saturated with it. Para is affected by the daily sea breeze,

whilst the Upper Amazon has a generally stagnant, sultry air, or

winds of inconstant direction and short duration. The soil, too,

is generally much lighter and more sandy in the Para district than

on the Upper Amazon, where it is wholly composed of clay and

humus. The breadth of the alluvial plain of the Upper Amazon

must be far greater than that of any other part of this great river

valley ; and throughout the whole region there is the same uni-

formity of soil and climate. Its insect fauna is very rich, con-

taining many species peculiar to itself. The individuals of the

species common to it and the Lower Amazon or Pard are generally

larger and more brilliantly coloured, or are subject to remarkable

variations, whilst very constant in the other districts. Another

feature of its fauna is the resemblance to that of the Andean valleys

of Bogota and Bolivia, a resemblance which increases with every

100 miles in ascending the river. It is well known that the rich-

ness of colour, variety of form and number of species of Diurnal

Lepidoptera, already so great along the Atlantic coasts of South

226 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Contributions

America, increase as we approach the eastern slopes of the Andes

and culminate in the neighbourhood of Bogota. There is a

feature in the atmospheric conditions of this region which ought

to be noticed in connection with this subject. Lieutenant Herndon

(the American traveller) and M. de Castelnau found on the eastern

side of the Peruvian Andes that the barometer and point of boil-

ing water became uncertain guides in the measurement of alti-

tudes. Lieutenant Herndon found that the boiling point at Nauta

in Peru gave only 434 feet of elevation above the sea level, and

that in descending the Amazons it increased, until, at Ega, the

result was 2,052 feet, decreasing thence gradually to the Atlantic.

As this result is evidently erroneous, he concludes that there is a

great increase of atmospheric pressure towards the foot of the

Andes. This phenomenon must have its weight in considering the

local conditions as affecting the features of the fauna of the district.

With regard to the relations of the Amazonian fauna to that of

other regions of tropical America, I can say very little at present.

It has been classed,* together with Columbia, as one province.

It has most affinity with that of Guiana and less with that of South

Brazil. Recurring again for illustration to the genus Papilio, after

deducting nine widely distributed Neo-tropical species, eleven of

the remaining thirty-two are identical with Guiana species, and

five others may be considered as local sub-species of Guiana forms.

Three only of the thirty-two are found in Brazil, from Pernam-

buco southwards, and four in Venezuela. The proportion of these

thirty-two local species found in New Granada I cannot at present

ascertain.

In compiling the catalogue of species, I shall make as few

alterations as possible in the nomenclature of previous authors ;

the chief innovations will be in the determination of the sexes,

I have been constrained to adopt the principle of treating every

distinct and constant local variety as a separate form; giving

it a separate name, but pointing out always what I have thought

to be its true relation to the allied species. I have found it

quite impossible to enter into considerations on the geographical

distribution of the species without adopting this principle; for

when all local varieties (sometimes incorrectly considered so) are

forced together under one name and one definition, I think we

cannot come to any just conclusions regarding the true relations of

species, or make comparisons between different faunas. In fol-

lowing out this system many curious and interesting facts in geo-

graphical distribution come out in greater prominence. One is

the very different degree of variability of different species, in the

* Woodward’s Recent and Ancient Fossil Shells, map and p. 402.

to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley. 227

same genus, when distributed over a wide extent of country, and

subjected to different local conditions. For instance, of three

allied species of Morpho, one (Helenor, Cram.) is found without

any variation at three stations, in 48°, 56°, and 65° long. The

second (M. Menelaus, L. Cram.) is constant from 48° to 56°, but

becomes changed (both sexes) into a well marked and constant

variety at 65°; and thence further westward, so completely

changed that no individual occurs of the typical form of the

species. The third (MM. Achilles, Cram.) becomes changed from

48° to 56°, and the variety thus produced continues further

westward to the exclusion of the type. In another class of

species the varieties are not so clearly marked; sometimes a

species is quite constant throughout all its individuals in one

locality, whilst excessively variable in another, the typical indi-

viduals being ina minority, and ina third completely changed into

a well marked and tolerably constant variety. In some species

and genera the varieties thus produced would be classed by En-

tomologists, without dissent, as mere varieties and without a dis-

tinguishing name, and thus, in systematic works, the fact becomes

lost to science. In other species, however, the change becomes

so great, under the influence however of the same local conditions

as the former case, that no difference of opinion would occur as to

their being distinct species. In the following catalogue the nature

of these different relations between the species will be mentioned

under the head of each.

Gen, Papitio of authors.

Group, 1. P. Crassus, and allies.

The species of this group I place first, on account of their evident affinity

with the Ornithoplere of Eastern Asia. They have the same stout antennae, with

gradually formed, moderately strong, nearly straight club; simitar broad and

strong abdominal fold to the hind wings, and pale coloured abdomen in the

males. If this relationship be correct, we see how far more highly developed the

type has become in the favoured lands of the Eastern Archipelago than in the

same latitudes of America. The males of the American species have a bold

powerful flight, are seldom seen in the shade of the woods, and are attracted by

the moisture on the sandy and muddy shores of the rivers, brooks and pools.

The females are oftener seen at flowers on the borders of the forest.

P. Crassus, Cram. 112 C., and authors.

g and Q. The female does not differ in colours of the wings from the male.

The species occurs without any considerable variation from Rio Janeiro to

Surinam. It is rare at Para, but is an abundant species at St. Paulo on the

Upper Amazon.

P. Belus, Cram. 112 A. B.

The ¢@ of this species is very well figured by Cramer. Fabricius and Godart

confounded it with P. Lycidas (of which P. Erymanthus is the %) and P.

Numitor, Boisduval (Sp. Gen. p. 315) professes to describe the 9, but I doubt

whether he had the true Belus before him when he drew up the description. He

gives, as a character of the 9, the row of pale spots accompanying the red

lunules of the under surface of the hind wing ; but I find that individuals of the

228 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Contributions.

male sex have this character; he says also that the abdomen is ‘sometimes

whitish and sometimes blackish ;’’ but, in fact, the white colour of the abdomen

is proper tothe g alone. In Boisduval’s collection, a specimen of 9 Lycidas

stands as P. Belus, Cramer. Belus differs from Lycidas, both g¢ and Q, in

many points. The dark, almost uniform bronzed-fuscous colour of the fore wings,

and the concolorous abdominal fold of the hind wings (the latter character very well

shown in Cramer’s figures) are two of the principal points of distinction. Lycidas

has, in both sexes, a long stripe of a pale yellow colour along the inner side of

the abdominal fold. Belus occurs in its typical form on the Amazon, only in the

upper region, According to Cramer it is found also at Surinam. In other parts

of tropical America, from South Brazil to Mexico, it appears to be transformed

into a number of strongly-marked local sub-species. Itisa rapid and bold flyer,

and not an abundant species.

P. Varus, Kollar, Beitr. Ins. Fauna, N. Gran. t. 1, f. 3, 4?

I captured a specimen (and saw many others) of a Q Papilio, which resembles

very much the figure given by Kollar; at flowers on the borders of the forest at

Ega, on the upper Amazon. I suspect it to be the 9 of Belus. The true Belus,

however, I have not yet seen from New Granada, the locality of Kollar’s insect.

A local representative, or sub-species of Belus, the P. Laodamas of Felder (Wien.

Ent. Monatschr. iii. t. 8, f. 1), however, comes abundantly in collections from

that country. It is possible that the P. Vaurus is the @ of Laodamas, in which

case the females of the two allied forms will resemble each other more than do

their respective males.

P. Numitor, Cram. 113 B.

This is the local form, or sub-species of Belus, which appears to take its place

in the Para district ; in the same way as Luodamas does in the Andean valleys of

New Granada. Cramer’s figure is not sufficient to characterize the species. On

this account, as well as to distinguish it from P. Laodamas, I add a short descrip-

tion of it. g@ rather smaller than P. Belus. Fore wing pointed, outer margin

very nearly straight ; bronzed-fuscous, with a silky gloss ; beneath brown, spotless.

Hind wing above dark green, glossy; outer margin darker green, with a sub-

marginal row of four or five angular lunules of the ground colour of the wing ;

a large, oblong, obliquely-truncated, yellowish-white spot in the middle of the

costa, and a row of six smaller, rounded, powdery spots of the same colour across

the middle of the wing between the nervures and a little exterior to the cell; be-

neath dark-brown, with a sub-marginal row of seven large, rounded, sub-luoular

red spots, broadly margined with black. Inside of abdominal fold concolorous,

as in P, Belus. Body and fringe of the wings as in P. Belus.

P. Lycidas, Cram. 113 A. 2 ; 113 C. & (P. Erymanthus).

The male found at Para, on the borders of rivulets, in the forest and at Ega,

abundantly at the commencement of the ebb season, viz. in June and July, in

company with P. Belus. It differs from Belus, besides the white stripe within the

abdominal fold, by the lighter, clearer green colour of the fore wings, which are

darker only along the basal half of the costa. The fore wings are also more

produced at the tip. The pale spot of the costa of hind wings is small, rounded

and placed near the external angle of the wing. ‘There is, in some specimens,

a row of small pale spots across the middle of the hind wing ; varieties strongly

marked in this respect would agree with Cramer’s description of Numitor (vol. i.

p- 25), did not his figure show the concolorous abdominal fold. The 9? I have

seen in Dr. Boisduval’s collection ; it agrees very well with Cramer's figure,

113 A ; the specimen was from Cayenne. The species is therefore now known

from Surinam, Cayenne and the most humid parts of the forests of the Amazons,

I have not seen it from any other part of America.

P. Polydamas, Lin. Cram. 211 D. E. and authors.

A species widely distributed in Tropical America, being found from Rio

Janeiro to Nicaragua. On the Amazons it frequents gardens and semi-cultivated

or neglected grounds, making it probable that it, as well as many other species of

the same habits and same wide distribution, have been introduced with the

clearing of the forests by man,

( 229 )

XX. Notes on the Geographical Distribution of the British

Butterflies. By H. T. Stainton, Esq., F.LS., &c.

[Read December 5th, 1859.]

Ir has been calculated that there are not less than 50,000

different species of Lepidoptera on the globe. More than 3,000

species of Butterflies are already known, and it has been com-

puted that the Moths are 16 times as numerous.

In this country the proportion of Moths is much greater, being

nearly 30 tol; but then we are remarkable throughout Europe

for our poverty in Butterflies.

As already observed, in the whole world 3,000 species of But-

terflies are already known; of these only one-tenth occur in

Europe, the tropical parts of Asia and America being by far

the most richly populated with this beautiful tribe of insects.

In Central Europe or Germany 186 species of Butterflies have

been observed ; the remaining 120 European species being pe-

culiar to Spain, Italy, Greece, Russia, or Lapland.

Of the German species, 94 occur in Belgium, but only 65 in

England ; though we possess one species, E'rebia Cassiope, which

does not occur in Belgium.

All the British Butterflies occur in England, but little more than

half (33) are found in Scotland, and scarcely more in Ireland.

Twenty-five species may be considered as generally distributed

and common; but it should not be understood that these are

everywhere to be met with, but simply that their geographical

range is not limited, and that where they find suitable localities we

may expect to meet with them, from Norfolk to Killarney, and

from the Isle of Wight to Caithness. Some frequent gardens,

some meadows, some heaths, some woods, and some hedge rows

and lanes.

Twenty-five other species, which all occur in the south-east of

England, thin out as we advance northward and westwards; only

5 of them occurring in Scotland, only 14 in Ireland.

Three species, two of which are common in the mountainous

part of Scotland, do not occur at all in the south of England.

Seven species are local to particular limited districts in the

Midland Counties or south of England.

230 ‘ Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Votes on the

Three species of rare occurrence in this country must be looked

on as stragglers from the Continent; one of these, Vanessa An-

ttopa, has occurred in the south-west of Scotland and at Dunbar.

Two other species, which formerly occurred in restricted Eng-

lish localities, now appear to be extinct there.

It has been observed (in the Entomologische Zeitung for 1850),

by Dr. Speyer, who has devoted considerable time: to the sub-

ject of the geographical distribution of the Butterflies of Ger-

many, that the number of species there decreases from east to

west, and from south to north; but the latter circumstance is

partly owing to the configuration of the country, the Alps being

particularly rich in Butterflies.

That Butterflies are not regularly distributed according to lati-

tude is evinced by the simple fact that in Lapland, which is situated

considerably further north than the Shetland Isles, they have

enumerated 77 species, whereas Scotland only boasts of 34.

Silesia, on the eastern side of Germany, but in the same latitude

as Belgium, has 124 species ; about a third more than Belgium,

which only numbers 94. Berlin, though further north than Paris,

has more species of Butterflies, the numbers being 96 and 89;

and the neighbourhood of Berlin is, as any traveller can testify,

very monotonous and not particularly likely to yield any extra

variety of forms.

In the same way we find that there are fewer species of Butter-

flies in the western counties of England than in the eastern

counties.

Dr. Speyer has suggested that the more continental character

of the climate of Eastern. Germany, the greater cold in winter

and greater heat in summer, was favourable to the development of

Butterfly life, and tended therefore to account for the greater

number of species there. This theory is certainly corroborated

by the distribution of the species with us; their maximum is

reached in those portions of England which have the most conti-

nental climate.

In respect of the species peculiar to moors and mountains it is

needful to bear in mind that it is not latitude that affects their

distribution, but the position of the mountain chains of sufficient

elevation. Thus the London Entomologist travels north to obtain

species which an Entomologist at Brussels would seek in the

south ; and even in Ireland an Entomologist would need to go

southwards to obtain species in Kerry which an Edinburgh Ento-

mologist would seek in the Highlands.

Geographical Distribution of the British Butterflies. 231

Though Cenonympha Davus is unknown in southern England,

simply because we have no boggy mosses there, yet in Bavaria we

meet with mosses similar to Chat Moss, near Manchester, and

there this insect is again abundant.

From a comparison of the species which occur in Ireland with

those found in Scotland, it appears that all the 25 generally

common species occur in Scotland, though 3, Argynnis Selene and

Euphrosyne and Thymele Alveolus, have not yet been detected in

Ireland. Of the more southern forms 14 occur in Ireland, but

only 5-in Scotland. On the other hand, one of the mountain

species common in Scotland, Erebea Blandina, has not yet been

found in Ireland ; and one straggler, Vanessa Antiopa, has occurred

in Scotland, but not in Ireland.

In short, 6 species, Adippe, Selene, Euphrosyne, Alveolus, Blan-

dina and Antiopa, occur in Scotland and not in Ireland.

On the other hand, 11 species, Hyale; Rhamni, Sinapis, Tithonus,

Athalia, Lucina, Betule, Argiolus, Gigon, Sylvanus and Linea,

occur in Ireland, but not in Scotland.

Five families of Butterflies occur with us, two of which are sub-

divided into sub-families.

Thus the first family, Papiliontde, is divided into Papilionidi

and Pieridi.

The second family, Nymphalidae, is divided into Satyridi,

Nymphalidi, Vanessidi and Argynnidi.

The three remaining families are H'rycinide (of which it is re-

markable that we have only a single representative in Europe),

Lycenide and Hesperide.

From the accompanying table it will be seen how these families

are respectively distributed in England, Scotland and Ireland.

The 25 general and common species are thus distributed

amongst the families :—

4 Pieridi......Pieris Brassice, P. Rape, P. Napi and Antho-

charis Cardamines.

6 Satyridi ....Lasiommala Algeria, L. Megera, Hipparchia

Semele, H. Janira, H. Hyperanthus, Coeno-

nympha Pamphilus.

3 Vanessidi....Vanessa Urtice, V. Atalanta and Cynthia Cardui.

4 Argynnidi ..Melitea Artemis, Argynnis Aglaia, Euphrosyne

and Selene.

6 Lycenide ..Thecla Quercus, T. Rubi, Chrysophanus Phileas,

Polyommatus Alsus, P. Alexis and P. Agestis.

2 Hesperide ..Thymele Alveolus and Thanaos Tages.

232 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s (Votes on the

The 25 more southern species are as follows :—

5 Pieridi......Gonepteryx Rhamni, Colias Edusa, C. Hyale,

Aporia Crategi and Leucophasia Sinapis.

2 Satyridi ....Arge Galathea and Hipparchia Tithonus.

2 Nymphalidi . . Limenitis Sibylla and Apatura Iris.

3 Vanessidi .... Vanessa Io, V. Polychloros and Grapta C. Album.

3 Argynnidi .. Argynnis Paphia, A. Adippe, Melitea Athalia.

1 Erycinide ..Nemeobius Lucina.

6 Lycenide ..Thecla Betule, T. W. Album, Polyommatus

Argiolus, P. Corydon, P. Adonis and P.

(gon.

3 Hesperide ..Pamphila Linea, P. Sylvanus and P. Comma.

Of these 25, one species, Vanessa Jo, attains the latitude of

Edinburgh, on the eastern side of our island, and occurs right

across the country, having been found at Falkirk and Renfrew.

I have been informed that a specimen has even occurred at

Aberdeen, but that must be looked on as an accidental straggler.

Of the remaining 24, 7 stop short at Darlington, 9 at York and

8 at Peterborough. That is, these are, speaking roundly, their

northern limits on the eastern side of the island. Several of them

travel further north on our western shores; thus Colias Edusa,

which is unknown at Newcastle-on-Tyne, has appeared in Dum-

friesshire, Ayrshire, and in the Island of Arran; and Argynnis

Paphia, which has not actually occurred quite as far north as

Darlington, has been observed at Arrochar, and even in the

neighbourhood of Rannoch.

Perhaps it may be interesting to trace on the map the northern

limits of these more southern species, thus :-—

Vanessa Io....++++++.-Edinburgh, Falkirk, Renfrew, Arran

(1 at Aberdeen).

Gonepteryx Rhamni....Darlington, Kendal and Windermere.

Colias Edusa ...+.+++~Darlington, Castle Eden Dene, Dum-

fries, Ayr and Arran.

Grapta C. Album......Darlington, Castle Eden Dene, Car-

lisle.

74 Argynnis Paphia......Scarborough, Richmond, Carlisle (1

Arrochar, 1 Grampians).

Hipparchia Tithonus ..Darlington, Morpeth, Lake District.

Polyommatus Argiolus. .Newcastle, Darlington, Carlisle.

Pamphila Sylvanus ....Darlington, Castle Eden Dene, Car-

lisle (Liverpool, common).

Geographical Distribution of the British Butterflies. 233

Colias Hyale ...+.-+ «York, Manchester in 1842.

Vanessa Polychloros.... York, Huddersfield, Carlisle (not at

Liverpool; once at Edinburgh,

wasted).

Argynnis Adippe......Yotk, Carlisle; rarely in the western

Highlands.

Nemeobius Lucina ....York, Carlisle,

a Arge Galathea...+...-York, Wakefield, Monmouthshire,

| Cardiff.

Thecla W. Album ....York, Bristol, Tintern.

Polyommatus igon.... York, Manchester, Liverpool.

| p Pamphila Linea eee York, Shrewsbury; once at Birken-

| head.

\ Pamphila Comma...... Scarborough, Halton.

ee Crategi, ve a=ds Peterborough, Bristol, Cardiff, Tin-

tern.

j Leucophasia Sinapis....Peterborough, Manchester, Liverpool,

Lake District.

Limenitis Sibylla......Colchester, Epping, Winchester, Isle

| of Wight..

| Apatura Iris ......«+Lincoln, Leicester, Monmouthshire,

banks of Severn.

" Melitea Athalia ......Stowmarket, Newport Pagnel, Bide-

| ford.

| Thecla Betul@......+. Ipswich, Peterborough, Shrewsbury,

Machynlleth, N. W.

Polyommatus Corydon ..Peterborough, Bristol ; always on

chalk.

Polyommatus Adonis ..Halton, Bristol; generally on chalk,

| - but on the limestone at Torquay.

Of the three moor or mountain species, Ceenonympha Davus is

that which is found furthest south in England; it occurs near

Uttoxeter, and is plentiful on the mosses between Warrington and

Manchester ; it also occurs at Thorne Moor, and on wet bogs near

Newcastle and near Carlisle. In North Wales it is found in Car-

narvonshire. In Scotland it is very general on mosses and hill-

tops. In Ireland it occurs in the counties of Cork and Kerry.

Erebia Blandina is first found at Wharfdale in Yorkshire, then

at Colne, Kendal, and at Castle Eden Dene. In Arran, Argyll-

shire, Dumbartonshire and Perthshire it is widely distributed.

Erebia Cassiope is not found further south than Langdake

Pikes and Styehead Tarn; it always occurs at a great elevation,

VOL. V. N. S PART VI.—JULY, 1860, R

234 Mr. H. T. Stainton’s Wotes on the

from 1,500 to 2,000 feet above the level of the sea. In Scotland

it occurs on Ben Lomond and on some of the Perthshire moun-

tains. In Ireland it occurs in Galway and Donegal.

It is remarkable that neither of the last two species have yet

been observed in Wales.

We now come to consider the range of our seven local species,

Papilio Machaon, Melitea Cinxia, Thecla Pruni, Polyommatus

Arion, P. Acis, Steropes Paniscus, Pamphila Acteon, thus,—

Papilio Machaon occurs in the fens near Cambridge and near

Norwich, but we know of no other defined localities for

this noble insect, though a few specimens have occurred at

Pulborough, in Sussex, and at Herne Bay, in Kent.

Melitea Cinxia is abundant at Sandown, in the Isle of Wight,

and is not scarce at Folkestone; a few specimens have

occurred near Stowmarket and Peterborough.

Thecla Pruni—for this we only know one locality, Monk’s

Wood, in Huntingdonshire.

Polyommatus Arion. .Barnwell Wold, Northamptonshire ;

Chatteris, Cambridgeshire; Rington,

in Rutlandshire ; Cheltenham, and in

South Devon.

Polyommatus Acis ..Lewes, Lower Guiting, formerly at

Leominster.

Steropes Paniscus....Bourne, Lincolnshire; Monk’s Wood,

Hunts, and near Oxford.

Pamphila Acteon....Lulworth, Dorsetshire; said to occur

also at Sidmouth, in Devon.

The circumstances which cause the restriction of a few species

to such very confined localities is at present unknown to us. They

are not so restricted on the Continent. P. Machaon and P. Acis

are universally distributed in Germany, and, with the single ex-

ception of Pamphila Actcon, all the others are very generally dis-

tributed in Germany, though not occurring in every district.

Of the three stragglers in this country—Pieris Daplidice, Ar-

gynnis Lathonia and Vanessa Antiopa—the two former seem

confined to the southern counties of England, not ranging north

of Peterborough, but V. Antiopa-is most plentiful between the

Humber and the Tyne, and has more than once been noticed on

the north side of the border.

Of the two species which may be considered extinct with us,

one (Chrysophanus Dispar) used to be abundant at Whittlesea

Mere, but since that was drained, causing cornfields to wave where

reeds had formerly held undisputed sway, the insect has dis-

Geographical Distribution of the British Butterflies. 235

appeared. Similar fen districts still exist in Norfolk and Suffolk;

but though the insect has been sought there in its most likely

haunts, no recent captures are known.

Of our 25 general and common species, all have been captured

in Asia, except Las. Ageria.

15, such as Brassice, Rape, Aigeria, Megera, Janira, Pam-

philus, Urtice, Atalanta, Cardui, Rubi, Phleas, Alsus, Alexis,

Agestis and Alveolus, have been met with south of the

Mediterranean.

8, Atalanta, Cardui and Phleas, occur on the other side of the

Atlantic.

Cardui, indeed, in perfectly cosmopolitan, occurring all over

the globe.

Of our 25 more southern species, all but three occur in Asia;

viz. Tithonus, Adippe and Lucina. Tithonus even disappears in

the eastern half of Germany.

6, Rhamni, Edusa, Hyale, Sibylla, Betule@, and Linea, extend

to Africa.

5, Rhamni, Edusa, C. Album, Sylvanus, and Comma, have been

noticed in America.

Of the remaining 15 species, all occur in Asia but the Alpine

Cassiope and Chryseis.

6, Machaon, Cinxia, Acteon, Daplidice, Lathonia, and Antiopa

occur in Africa.

And the last-named also in America.

Thus 59 of our 65 species occur to the east of Russia.

27 5 south of Mediterranean.

9 ve cross the Atlantic.

1 *5 is universal.

Mr. Watson, in his ‘* Cybele Britannica,” has divided our British

Flora into what he terms the British, English, Germanic, Atlantic,

Scottish and Highland types.

It will be seen at a glance that the first division here corre-

sponds to the British type of plants; the second division, the more

southern species, to the English type of plants; but unless we

refer the three moor and mountain species to the Highland type,

we cannot follow the same system of classification any further.

We have not a single Butterfly peculiar to our west coast, nor

a single one peculiar to the north; the circumpolar species which

occur in Lapland do not reach us, neither have we any one species

peculiar to the eastern coast of England. We simply trace, as we

advance northwards, a gradual decrease and diminution of species ;

every one of our species occurs plentifully in southern Germany.

R 2

236 Mr. J. 8. Baly’s Descriptions of

XXI. Descriptions of some new Species of Sagra; Remarks

on that Genus; and the Characters of Cheiloxena, a

new Genus belonging to the same Family. By J.S. Baty,

Esq.

[Read June 4th, 1860.]

In the following paper I have endeavoured (as completely as the

materials before me will allow) to bring our knowledge of the

genus Sagra from the date of M. Lacordaire’s valuable work up

to the present time; it will be seen that I have reduced some of

the Lacordairian species to mere varieties, whilst, on the other

hand, I have named and described others lately added to our

collections, which I believe to be new; at the end of the paper

I have given a list of the species, marking with a + those with

which I am unacquainted.

Sagra nigrita, Oliv.

During the last few years this insect has been received plen-

tifully from Mr. Thwaites, of Ceylon, thus proving (as M. La-

cordaire imagined) that the locality given by Olivier in his great

work was erroneous; I possess two male specimens which, instead

of being entirely black, as in the type, are nigrozeneous; they

agree in all particulars, save locality, with S. dentipes, the next

species in Lacordaire’s book. I cannot but think that Fabricius

and Weber were wrong in supposing this latter insect to have been

brought from the Cape of Good Hope; according to the description

given by Lacordaire, it is much more nearly allied to the Indian,

than to any known African species, and, in all probability, will

eventually prove to be a mere variety of 8. nigrita.

Sagra splendida, Weber.

This insect is spread over the whole Indian continent. I have

also received it from Shanghai, where it was taken by Mr. For-

tune; the specimens from India are generally much darker and

more deeply tinged with violet; those from northern China are

a third smaller than the ordinary size.

Sagra Petelii.

I have examined six examples of the male of this beautiful

little species, but in one specimen only have I found the posterior

some new Species of Sagra, &c. 237

tibiz to agree exactly with Lacordaire’s description; in all the

rest there are rudiments, more or less distinct, of a sub-apical

tooth on the inner edge. The species is most commonly sent

from Java, but I possess it also from Nepaul, and it has. been

taken by M. Mouhot in Siam, the specimen being in Mr. Saun-

ders’s Collection; in the British Museum is a small female from

Tenasserim.

Sagra perlucida, Lacord.

I consider, for the reasons stated below, this insect to be a

variety of Sagra Buquetit; M. Lacordaire has subdivided his first

division of the genus into three sections, the characters for which

are drawn from the toothing of the apex of the posterior tibiz in

the males; thus, in section A., the hinder tibize have this part of

the limb tridentate; in section B. the internal tooth is obsolete,

whilst the outer one is produced into a strong spine; and in

section C., the one in which S. perlucida is placed, the tibiz are

simple and unarmed in either sex. The insects contained in this

section resemble, in a most remarkable manner, corresponding

species in one or other of the two preceding subdivisions, differing

merely in their somewhat smaller size, in the lesser development

of the hinder thigh, with sometimes a slight modification of its

under surface, and in the absence of the lateral teeth on the pos-

_ terior tibize. The possession of an interesting series of S. nigrita,

in which the teeth dwindle away until they become nearly obsolete,

first led me to suspect that the above insects were males in which

an arrest of development of the posterior legs had taken place,

and that their typical forms belonged to the preceding sections.

After a careful examination of S. ignita, Webert and others, I was

fully confirmed in this opinion, and in the present paper I have

placed these insects as varieties under the respective species to

which I consider them to belong; at the time M. Lacordaire

wrote, he had, in most instances, so limited a number of specimens

under examination, that it was impossible to avoid separating

insects with such an apparent difference of structure, unconnected

by any intermediate link. An analogous instance may be adduced

in the case of Lucanus cervus, where the development of the male

mandibles varies so greatly in different individuals, as to have

caused the extreme states to be described under separate names.

I have never seen an insect answering exactly to the description,

as given by Lacordaire, of S. perlucida, but I possess small in-

dividuals of S. Buquetii, g , in my own cabinet, in which the sub-

apical teeth are reduced to less than half their usual size.

238 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions of

Sagra ignita, Lacord.

In this insect, which ought to be placed under S. splendida, the

under surface of the hinder thighs is generally tridentate, the

middle tooth being longest; the additional tooth is formed by

the development of the anterior extremity of the denticulate

ridge of the lower edge of the thigh, into a short spine. The

specimen in my cabinet has a rudimentary tooth on the inner edge

of the hinder tibiz.

Sagra formosa, Lacord.

I consider this insect to be the corresponding variety of the

Indian form of S. splendida ; a specimen exists in the collection of

Major Parry.

Sagra Weberi, Lacord.

The present insect belongs to S. Druryi; most frequently the

posterior thighs are bidentate beneath, as in the typical form of

the species; but occasionally they are tridentate, as in the two pre-

ceding insects ; it then becomes 8S. éridentata, Fabr.

Sagra Fabricii, Lacord.

This form is unknown to me, but I have no hesitation in placing

it as a variety of S. superba.

Sagra pygmea, Lacord.

With this pretty little insect I am also unacquainted, but

although the tomentose patch at the inner base of its hinder thigh

is wanting, I regard it as merely a small variety of S. Petelu.

Sagra heterodera, Lacord.

This singular insect is evidently a variety, belonging toa species

the typical form of which is as yet unknown; it ought probably to

stand in the first sub-section, near S. splendida.

Sagra seraphica, Lacord.

Two specimens from Old Calabar, both females, apparently

belonging to this species, exist, one in the British Museum, the

other in my own collection ; others I believe are to be found in the

‘cabinets of Mr. Murray and M. Javet, but I know not whether

either of these gentlemen possess the male.

Sagra Adonis, Lacord.

Is possibly a variety (analogous to var. A. of S. bicolor) of the

last species, S. seraphica.

some new Species of Sagra, §c. 239

Sagra Pfeifferi, n. sp.

Ob!ongo-ovata, crassa, viridi-aenea, caeruleo micans, sub-nitida,

antennis extrorsum nigris; thorace sub-quadrato, antice vix

producto, angulis anticis parum prominulis ; elytris ovatis,

basi truncatis, intra humeros modice impressis, tenuiter reticu-

lato-strigosis, interstitiis ad apicem crenulatis; gemellato-

punctato-striatis, striis fere deletis.

Mas.—¥emoribus posticis valde incrassatis, elytris fere dimidio

superantibus, subtus apice profunde sinuatis, sinu intus fulvo-

tomentoso, dentibus duobus validis armatis, horum secundo ad

angulum posticum emarginationis posito; tibiis posticis apice

mucronatis, ante apicem bidentatis, dente externo valido; ab-

dominis segmento basali vix deplanato, remote punctato, vage

flavo-tomentoso.

Long. 10 lin.

Robust, ovate, resembling 8. quadraticollis in form, but rather

shorter and thicker than that insect, bright metallic green, with

metallic blue reflexions, sub-nitidous, outer half of antenne black,

opaque. Head finely punctured ; antennz robust, two-thirds the

length of the body, six basal joints shining metallic green. Thorax

sub-quadrate, almost transverse across the anterior angles, the

latter moderately prominent, anterior margin very slightly pro-

duced; upper surface sub-opaque, impressed near the basal

margin with a shallow fovea; sparingly covered near the base by

a few very minute punctures, only visible under a lens. Scutellum

semi-ovate, its base deeply excavated. Elytra shorter, ovate,

truncate at the base, their apex sub-acutely rounded ; above very

convex, moderately impressed within the shoulders, the latter

somewhat prominent, basilar space indistinctly elevated, bounded

beneath by a nearly obsolete transverse depression; surface

covered with fine irregularly confluent grooved lines, more

crowded towards the apex, where their interstices are raised,

and form irregular crenulations ; on each elytron are six or seven

double rows of punctures, visible only here and there, principally

on the anterior half of the surface, being entirely obliterated for

the remainder of their course; on the outer disc, just before its

middle, is a small smooth spot, shining blue-green.

Male.—Posterior thighs strongly incrassate, extending beyond

the elytra for nearly half their length, their outer surface very

convex, the thickest portion of the thigh being across its middle ;

lower edge deeply notched at the apex and armed with two stout

teeth, the anterior larger and situated immediately in front, the |

other placed just at the posterior angle of the notch, the inner

240 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions of

edge of which is clothed with fulvous hairs; hinder tibize curved at

the base, thence nearly straight to the apex, the middle portion

slightly flexuose ; apex strongly mucronate, armed on either side

with a stout tooth, the outer one large and slightly curved, the

inner one very short; inner edge notched at the base, deeply

grooved and sparingly clothed with pale pubescence; basal seg-

ment of abdomen flattened, remotely punctured, very sparingly

dotted with a few fulvous hairs.

Hab. Borneo; collected by the late Madame Pfeiffer.

I know but a single specimen (in my own collection) of this

fine insect; it bears a very much stronger resemblance to S. su-

perba and quadraticollis than to S. Druryi and its congeners, with

which insects, however, from the possession of a second tooth at

the apex of the lower edge of its hinder femora, it must be placed ;

but the position of this tooth is very different—instead of being

situated in the notch itself, as in the above species, it is placed at

its posterior angle.

Sagra Javeti, n. sp.

Oblonga, postice attenuata, viridi-cuprea aut rufo-purpurea,

sub-nitida, tarsis antennisque nigris, his dimidio corporis

paullo longioribus; thorace sub-quadrato, sub-remote fortiter

punctato, margine antico modice producto, medio sinuato,

angulis anticis sat prominulis; elytris sub fortiter punctato-

striatis, infra humeros valde impressis, basi elevatis.

Mas.—F¥emoribus posticis elytra valde superantibus, supra

apicem versus non compressis, intus ad marginem in-

feriorem prope basin laxe flavo-tomentosis, subtus obsolete

denticulatis, apicem versus breviter sed fortiter bidentatis,

tibiis ejusdem paris apice uncinatis, extus pone medium spina

valida arcuata armatis.

Feem.—Femoribus posticis elytra vix superantibus, subtus te-

nuiter denticulatis, apicem versus creté denticulata instructis,

tibiis ejusdem paris apice mucronatis.

Var. A. Mas.—Minor, femoribus posticis subtus tridentatis.

Long. 7 lin.; var. 54—6 lin, ©

Oblong ; metallic green or cupreous, stained with rufo-aureous ;

antennze and tarsi black. Head with the vertex deeply and some-

what closely punctured; antenne robust, more than half the

length of the body, six basal joints shining, the rest semi-opaque.

Thorax slightly longer than broad, its anterior margin moderately

produced, obsoletely sinuate, anterior angles somewhat strongly

some new Species of Sagra, &c. 241

prominent ; sides sinuate; above deeply but not coarsely punc-

tured, punctures irregularly crowded, more scattered and distant

on the disc; on the centre of the latter is an indistinct longitudinal

ridge, and at its extreme base a distinct fovea. Elytra obovate,

their base truncate; basilar space considerably elevated, bounded

below by a deep transverse depression ; shoulders moderately

prominent, impressed on their inner margin with a deep oblique

fovea; surface distinctly punctate-striate, the puncturing, which

is visible to the extreme apex of the elytra, confused and irregular

towards the sides; interspaces finely aciculate-reticulate, the re-

ticulations on the outer side of the shoulder vermiculate. Body

beneath distinctly punctured.

Male.—Posterior pair of thighs extending considerably beyond

the apex of the elytra, elongate-incrassate, their upper edge pro-

duced in front into a broad but slightly elevated ridge, which

becomes lost on the apical third of the thigh, the latter portion

slightly depressed and obliquely rounded, its extreme apex being

deeply notched ; lower edge compressed into an obsoletely toothed

ridge, and armed immediately before the apex with two short

stout teeth, the anterior somewhat larger; inner surface longi-

tudinally carinate, its lower half sparingly clothed at the base

with a few scattered fulvous hairs ; tibia of the same pair strongly

flexuose, their apex strongly mucronate, outer edge armed with a

stout elongate curved spine. Basal segment of abdomen longi-

tudinally excavated, coarsely punctured, and, together with all

the other segments, covered with coarse yellow hairs.

Female.—Posterior pair of thighs furnished before their apex

beneath with a short denticulate ridge; tibiz simple.

Var. A. Smaller; thighs of the male tridentate beneath.

Hab. Port Natal.

This species may be separated from its congeners by the dif-

ferent form of the apical third of the upper surface of its hinder

femora; the general form of the body is also shorter and stouter

than in any of the allied species.

Sagra Stevensi, n. sp.

Elongato-oblonga, obscure metallico-viridis, sub-nitida, thorace

tenuissime punctato, transverso (apice modice producto pre-

termisso), lateribus fere rectis, angulis anticis modice pro-

minulis; elytris basi sat elevato-marginatis, intra humeros

valde sulcatis ; infra basin vix transversim impressis, tenuiter

punctato-striatis, striis per paria sat approximatis, apicem

versus deletis, interstitiis tenuissime punctatis, tenuiter reti-

culato-aciculatis.

242 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions of

Mas. —Femoribus posticis elytra modice superantibus, validis ;

intus ad basin flavo-tomentosis; supra apicem versus com-

presso-dilatatis et ibi carinatis, subtus ante apicem dente

valido trigono armatis; tibiis ejusdem paris flexuosis, apice

mucronatis, extus pone medium dente elongato arcuato in-

structis ; abdominis segmento primo complanato, remote

punctato.

Long. 8} lin.

Dull metallic-green, sub-nitidous, obscurely stained with purple ;

antenne black, basal joints obscure purple. Head with its vertex

finely punctured; antennez robust, longer than half the body.

Thorax slightly broader than long, anterior margin moderately

produced, anterior angles sub-prominent, obtuse; upper surface

minutely punctured, impressed at the base with a broad shallow

fovea; scutellum small, semi-ovate, shining black. Elytra oblong-

ovate, truncate at the base, narrowed towards their apex, convex,

their extreme base between the shoulders deeply impressed, the

basal margin itself being elevated into a narrow ridge ; shoulders

slightly prominent, their inner edge bounded by a deep longitudinal

fovea; basilar space bounded beneath by an indistinct transverse

impression ; surface covered with fine punctures, arranged in

longitudinal striz, approximating in pairs and becoming obsolete

towards the apex of the elytra; interspaces minutely punc-

tured, very finely reticulate-aciculate. First segment of abdomen

distinctly punctured, its centre without the usual covering of hair,

but together with all the other segments sparingly fringed near

the lower edge with coarse fulvous pubescence; posterior femora

extending beyond the elytra for about a fourth their length,

strongly incrassate, sub-clavate, outer surface longitudinally con-

vex; their upper edge rounded, its posterior third dilated and

compressed into an acute ridge, notched immediately above the

extreme apex of the thigh; lower edge armed near its apex with

a stout trigonate tooth; inner surface concave, its anterior half

covered with a large patch of coarse fulvous hairs ; posterior tibiz

arcuate at the base, their middle portion flexuous, the apex sub-

uncinate, the outer edge below the middle armed with a stout

spine.— Male.

Hab. White Nile. A single specimen in my own collection.

I have named this beautiful species after my friend S. Stevens,

Esq. It is nearly allied to S. Senegalensis, but nearly twice the

size, longer and more parallel than that insect, less narrowed

behind, rather less convex, its surface sub-opaque ; upper edge of

the hinder thighs more compressed and dilated at the apex ; thorax

much broader.

some new Species of Sagra, §c. 243

Sagra Jansoni, n. sp.

Elongata, rufo-aurea, viridi-nitens, antennis robustis, dimidio

corporis longioribus, purpureis, basi viridibus; thorace sub-

remote punctato, latitudine paullo longiori, angulis anticis

sub-prominulis, obtusis; elytris intra humeros oblique sulcatis,

infra basin leviter transversim-impressis, punctato-striatis,

interspatiis tenuiter reticulato-vermiculatis ; femoribus inter-

mediis subtus in dentem compressum productis.

Long. mas. 6—7 lin.; fem. 54 lin.

Mas.—Femoribus posticis elytra modice superantibus, elongato-

obovatis, intus ad basin flavo-tomentosis, subtus ante apicem

bidentatis; tibiis ejusdem paris apice mucronatis, ante apicem

extus spina validaé intus dente brevi armatis, abdominis seg-

mento primo longitudinaliter excavato, crebre punctato, flavo-

tomentoso.

Fom.—Femoribus posticis elytra vix superantibus, ante apicem

creta denticulata instructis.

Var. A.—Metallico-viridis, subtus purpureo-micans ; antennis

purpureis.

Elongate, shining rufo-aureous, with metallic-green markings

and reflexions beneath ; antenne purple, their basal half metallic-

green. Head deeply punctured ; antenne robust, slightly incras-

sate towards their apex, two-thirds the length of the body in the

male, somewhat shorter in the female, six basal joints metallic-

green, the remainder deep purple. Thorax slightly longer than

broad, anterior margin moderately produced, anterior angles

moderately prominent; sides slightly concave; above deeply but

not very closely punctured, middle transversely depressed in front

of the basal margin. Scutellum metallic- green, its surface smooth,

impunctate. Elytra oblong- elongate, their apex sub-acutely

rounded, above convex, base obliquely impressed within the shoul-

ders, the latter slightly prominent, basilar space bounded below

by a shallow but distinct transverse depression; finely but dis-

tinctly punctate-striate, the puncturing being visible over the whole

surface of the elytra, interspaces finely vermiculate-reticulate.

Body beneath more stained with metallic-green, sub-remotely

punctured ; four anterior thighs moderately incrassate, the inter-

mediate pair produced beneath into a flattened tooth; tibiz

strongly curved. |

Male.—Intermediate thighs produced beneath into a flattened

acute tooth; hinder thighs extending beyond the elytra for a

fourth their length ; elongate-obovate, incrassate, their lower edge

notched at the apex and armed with two short stout teeth, of

244 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions of

which the anterior one is rather larger; on the inner surface, at the

base, is a large patch of coarse yellow pubescence ; tibize of the

same pair mucronate at the apex, and armed just before the latter,

externally with a stout spine, internally with a very short obtuse

tooth; basal segment of abdomen longitudinally excavated, coarsely

punctured and covered with coarse yellow pubescence.

Female.—Intermediate femora produced beneath into a flattened

sub-acute tooth; hinder thighs scarcely extending beyond the

elytra, furnished near their apex beneath with a short denticulate

ridge. 7

Var. A.—Bright metallic-green, body beneath and legs with

purple reflexions.

Madras, collected by Mrs. Hamilton.

I have named this beautiful species after my friend E. Janson,

Esq., the able co-secretary of our Society; it ought to stand close

to S. Petelit, but is easily separated from that insect by its elongate

form and by the toothed intermediate thighs. ;

Sagra carbunculus, Hope.

“‘ Cyanea, elytris igneo auroque micantibus, pedibus posticis in-

crassatis, tibiis incurvatis.”

Long. 43 lin.

** Caput, antennee, thorax, corpus infra pedesque cyanei. Thorax

fere quadratus, antice ante oculos contractus, punctulatus.

Elytra carbunculosa, igneo auroque micantia, creberrime punc-

tulata. Pedes femoribus 4 anticis parum incrassatis, tibiis

subincurvis; posticis vaide incrassatis, subunidentatis, tibiis

arcuatis, tarsis flavo-spongiosis,

“* Ex. India orientali, Sylhet.”

Hope, Trans. Lin. Soc. xix. p. 112, pl. 10, fig. 9; Annals and

Mag. of Nat. Hist. ix. p. 248.

Mas.—Femoribus posticis valde incrassatis, elytra sat ‘super-

antibus, intus prope marginem inferiorem flavo-tomentosis ;

subtus ante apicem lamina tridentata, dente intermedio valido,

postice denticulato, instructis; tibiis ejusdem paris basi

arcuatis, deinde subrectis, apice mucronatis, extus ante apicem

late emarginatis, intus obsoletius dentatis, abdominis segmento

primo complanato, leviter excavato, parce punctato, vage

flavo-tomentoso.

Var. A.—-Duplo minor, femoribus posticis elytra modice super-

antibus, glabris, subtus ante apicem crista tridentata instructis,

tibiis ejusdeim paris simplicibus,

Long. 6 lin.; var. 42 lin,

some new Species of Sagra, &c. 245

Male.—Posterior pair of thighs considerably longer than the

elytra, strongly incrassate, their inner surface furnished near its

lower border with a narrow stripe of fulvous pubescence; lower

edge denticulate, produced near the apex into a flattened tridentate

plate, the middle tooth of which is elongate, slightly curved and

denticulate on its posterior margin; upper surface indistinctly

carinate; tibiz of the same pair arcuate at their base, thence

nearly straight to their apex, the latter mucronate; inner surface

on its outer edge, immediately before the apex, deeply emarginate,

the inner edge obsoletely tuberculate ; basal segment of abdomen

flattened, indistinctly excavated, remotely punctured, sparingly

clothed with short fulvous hairs.

Var. A. Nearly one-half smaller, hinder thighs extending for a

short distance beyond the apex of the elytra, glabrous within, their

lower edge denticulate and produced just before the ap@x into a

short tridentate ridge, the two outer teeth of which are small and

indistinct ; posterior tibiee arcuate, simple, their apex mucronate.

This insect varies in the degree of punctation and also in the

coloration of the elytra; the interspaces are minutely punctured

and sub-granulose, and covered with distinct irregular sinuosities,

which become more crowded near the apex of the elytra, their

interstices on that portion being irregularly wrinkled; in the

var, A. the elytra are smoother, and the colour of the elytra for

the most part is rufo-aureous, with a violet tint, narrowly edged

with bright metallic blue; in my specimen of var. A. the elytra are

bright igneous, bordered with metallic blue.

Hab. Northern India, Sylhet.

This beautiful little species, unknown to Lacordaire, is now not

uncommon in our collections ; a single specimen of var. A. is in

my own cabinet.

Sagra lucida, n. sp.

Oblongo-elongata, lzte purpurea, nitida; antennis robustis,

corporis dimidio vix longioribus; thorace latitudine paullo

longiori, sub-cylindrico, margine antico modice producto,

angulis anticis vix prominulis; elytris oblongis, intra humeros

modice impressis, basi paullo elevatis, infra basin leviter

. transversim depressis; tenuiter punctato-striatis, striis sub

lente egre distinguentibus.

Foem.—Femoribus posticis elytra non superantibus, subtus ante

apicem crista brevi denticulata instructis ; tibiis ejusdem paris

simplicibus,

Long. 6 lin. -

Oblong-elongate, deep shining metallic-purple. Head impressed

246 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions of

on the forehead with a deep round fovea; antennz robust,

thickened towards their apex, scarcely longer than half the body,

last four joints black, opaque. Thorax rather longer than broad,

sub-cylindrical, anterior margin moderately produced, anterior

angles scarcely prominent; above shining, impunctate. Scutellum

transverse-quadrate, its apex obtuse. Elytra oblong, moderately

impressed within the shoulders, the latter sub-prominent ; basilar

space indistinctly elevated, bounded beneath by a shallow trans-

verse depression; smooth and shining, very finely punctate-

striate, the striz, which are visible only under a lens, placed at

regular intervals on the surface.

Female.—Posterior pair of thighs not extending beyond the

elytra, their lower edge furnished just before the apex with a

short denticulate ridge ; posterior tibize simple.

Hab. Cape Coast.

Collection of Major Parry; also in my own cabinet.

This beautiful insect belongs, through the elevated basilar space

of its elytra, to the first division of the genus; its male pro-

bably resembles that of S. Senegalensis.

Sagra emarginata, n. sp.

Elongata, cuprea, late rufo-cuprea, purpureo-micans ; antennis

extrorsum purpureis, subtus nitida, supra sub-opaca ; thorace

sub-cylindrico, latitudine paullo longiori, angulis anticis vix

prominulis ; elytris sub-parallelis, apicem versus attenuatis,

singulatim apice leviter emarginatis, supra intra humeros

impressis, tenuiter punctato-striatis, striis per paria vix ap-

proximatis.

Mas.—¥emoribus posticis elytra parum superantibus, subtus

ante apicem creta brevi basi dente parvo munita instructis,

tibiis ejusdem paris curvatis, apice vix mucronatis; abdominis

segmento primo longitudinaliter excavato, sub-crebre punc-

tato, laxe flavo-tomentoso.

Fom.—Femoribus posticis elytris non superantibus, glabris,

subtus ante apicem creta brevi basi dente parvo munita

instructis, tibiis posticis curvatis.

Long. mas 5—6 lin.; feem. 8 lin.

Elongate, cupreous or rufo-cupreous, with purple reflexions ;

body beneath shining, above sub-opaque, six terminal joints of

antennz dark purple. Head sub-remotely punctured, front im-

pressed with a longitudinal fovea; antennz robust, more than half

the length of the body. Thorax sub-cylindrical, rather longer

some new Species of Sagra, §c: 247

than broad ; anterior margin moderately produced, anterior angles

scarcely prominent ; surface impunctate, impressed at the base with

an indistinct fovea. Scutellum longitudinally grooved. Elytra

narrowly oblong, sub-parallel, narrowed near the apex, the latter

in each elytron slightly but distinctly sinuate ; upper surface deeply

impressed at the base within the shoulders, finely and regularly

punctate-striate, the striz distinct for their whole length, and

(excepting at the extreme base, where they slightly approximate

in pairs) equidistant.

Male.—Posterior femora slightly produced beyond the apex of

the elytra, glabrous at the base, incrassate, somewhat flask-shaped,

their lower edge obsoletely denticulate, furnished before the apex

with a short denticulate ridge; tibize of the same pair arcuate,

simple, their apex obtusely mucronate ; basal segment of abdomen

with a longitudinal shallow depression, the surface of which is

deeply but not very closely punctured, and sparingly covered with

very fine fulvous hairs.

Female.—Posterior pair of thighs not extending beyond the

elytra, their lower edge similar to that of the male.

Hab. west coast of Africa.

Both sexes in the collection of Major Parry; the male in my

own cabinet.

Sagra Parryi, n. sp.

Elongata, rufo-purpurea, sub-nitida, subtus nitida; antennis ex-

trorsum ceruleis, tarsis obscure purpureis ; thorace latitudine

sat longiori, sub-cylindrico, angulis anticis vix prominulis ;

elytris tenuiter punctato-striatis, striis fere aquidistantibus.

Mas.—Femoribus posticis elytra paullo superantibus, intus ad

basin flavo-tomentosis, subtus pone medium crista brevi pos-

tice valide unidentata et ante apicem dente brevi obtuso,

instructis; tibiis ejusdem paris apicem versus incrassatis, apice

obtuse mucronato, margine antico extus crista, a vix ante

medium ad paullum ante apicem prolongata, et apice in dentem

compressum producta, intus ante apicem crista brevi emargi-

nata instructo; abdominis segmento primo leviter excavato,

sub-crebre punctato, vix flavo-tomentoso.

Foem.—Femoribus posticis elytris non longioribus, subtus ante

apicem crista brevi denticulata instructis, tibiis ejuasdem paris

curvatis ; thorace minus elongato.

Long. 7—8 lin.

Elongate, reddish purple or purple, sub-nitidous above, shining

beneath. Head deeply punctured; antennz robust, longer than

248 Mr. J. 8. Baly’s Descriptions of

half the body, five terminal joints deep metallic-blue. Thorax

considerably longer than broad, nearly resembling, in that respect,

S. longicollis, Lac., sub-cylindrical, apical margin very slightly

produced, anterior angles obsoletely prominent; upper surface im-

punctate, impressed at the base with a shallow but distinct longi-

tudinal fovea. Scutellum impressed with a broad longitndinal

fovea. Elytra oblong-elongate, sides sub - parallel, narrowed

towards the apex; above sub-nitidous, moderately impressed

within the shoulders, the latter shghtly prominent; surface finely

punctate-striate, the striz equidistant, slightly approximating

in pairs at the base, interspaces finely vermiculate; in the female

the surface of the outer disc is very feebly concave below the

shoulders: Body beneath shining, tarsi obscure purple, with

occasionally a rufous reflexion.

Male.—Posterior thighs slightly exceeding the elytra in length,

strongly incrassate ; lower edge armed before the apex with a very

short obtuse tooth, and immediately behind the middle with a short

ridge, the posterior extremity of which is produced into a long

stout tooth, inner surface furnished near the base with a small

patch of fulvous hairs; tibiae of the same pair compressed, strongly

curved at the base, gradually thickened from immediately before

the middle nearly to the apex, the latter mucronate; anterior sur-

face deeply channelled, its outer edge furnished with a broad ridge,

which, commencing just before the middle, gradually increases in

width until just before reaching the apex of the tibia, terminating

in a broad flattened tooth ; the inner edge is furnished immediately

before its apex with a short emarginate ridge; basal segment of

abdomen longitudinally excavated, irregularly but somewhat closely

punctured, its surface very sparingly covered with short fulvous

hairs, which are only visible when viewed obliquely.

Female.-—Posterior pair of thighs not extending beyond the

apex of the elytra, the lower edge denticulate, and produced near

its apex into a short denticulate ridge.

Hab. west coast of Africa.

Collections of the British Museum, Major Parry, ahd my own.

This beautiful species is remarkable for the peculiar form of

the hinder tibia; it is closely allied to §. amethystina, Lac., but

differs in having a tomentose patch at the inner base of the poste-

rior femora; S. Lacordairei, Thoms, appears to come very near

to the present insect, but according to the short description of the

author, the dentation of the thighs, and also the form of the tibie,

differ from the present insect.

some new Species of Sagra, Sc. 249

Sagra bicolor, Lacordaire.

*« Elongata, nigro-cyanea (vel nigra), opaca; elytris purpureis

opacis, subtilissime punctato-striatis, strils per paria ali-

quantum approximatis.” Lacord. Monog. des Phyt. tom. i.

p- 50.

Mas.—Femoribus posticis elytra valde superantibus, intus ad

basin flavo-tomentosis, subtus ante apicem bidentatis, dente

exterior valido; supra a medio ad apicem late canaliculatis ;

tibiis ejusdem paris basi arcuatis, deinde sub-rectis, apice

leviter mucronatis, basi tuberculo, ante apicem dentibus

duobus parvis instructis; abdominis segmento primo longi-

tudinaliter vix excavato, crebre punctato, vix tomentoso.

Sagra Natalensis, Thoms. Archiv. tom. i. p. 396.

Long. 73—9 lin.; var. 6 lin.

Var. A.—Minor, femoribus posticis elytra paullo superantibus,

subtus ante apicem crista brevi bidentata, dente postico

valido, munitis; tibiis ejusdem paris arcuatis, apice sub-mu-

cronatis, basi tuberculo, ante apicem dente sub-obsoleto in-

structis ; abdominis segmento primo longitudinaliter vix ex-

cavato, tenuiter punctato, vage flavo-tomentoso.

Var. B.—Corpus olivaceum, elytris cupreis, ceteris ut in Var, A.

Male.—Hinder pair of thighs elongate incrassate, extending

beyond the elytra for about a third of their length, their upper

edge deeply channelled along the posterior half; underside armed

just before the apex with two teeth, the outer one stout, the inner

minute; inner surface hollowed out from the base nearly to the

middle, the excavated portion covered with an obovate patch of

coarse yellow pubescence; posterior tibiz curved at the base,

their inner edge furnished with a short tubercle, the remainder of

their course nearly straight; apex sub-mucronate, and armed

just before the extremity with two short ill-defined lateral teeth ;

longitudinal space on the basal segment of abdomen feebly ex-

cavated, somewhat closely punctured, vaguely tomentose.

Var. A.—One-half smaller; thorax rather narrower, posterior

thighs slightly longer than the elytra, the outer tooth on the lower

edge replaced by a short bidentate ridge, the posterior tooth of

which is longer and stouter than the others; inner tooth nearly

obsolete ; hinder tibize regularly curved, their inner surface tuber-

culate at the base, and furnished near the apex with an indistinct

tooth, apex itself feebly mucronate.

VOL. Y. N. Ss PART VII.—-Nov. 1360. s

250 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions of

Var. B. Male.—Olivaceous, the elytra cupreous, more or less

stained with metallic-green ; all the other characters as in var. A.

Hab. Port Natal.

In most collections; var. A. in the British Museum; var. B.

in my own cabinet.

This insect has latterly arrived in some abundance from the

above locality; the male may be known from all its allies by the

broad groove on the posterior half of the upper edge of the hinder

thighs; its coloration is also entirely different from any known

species. I look upon var. A. and B. as bearing the same relation

to the normal state of the species that S. perlucida and ignita do

to their respective types. The tomentose space on the hinder

thigh in the male will cause the removal of the species from the

sub-section in which Lacordaire, from being unacquainted with

this sex, has provisionally placed it, to the succeeding one. . Mr.

Thomson has described the male of this species under the name

of Sagra Natalensis.

Sagra Kirbyi, n. sp.

Elongata,.obscure olivacea, sub-opaca ; thorace subc-ylindrico,

margine antico sat producto, angulis anticis vix prominulis ;

elytris regulariter punctato-striatis, striis per paria sat ap-

proximatis, interspatiis punctatis, processu prosternali ob-

soleto.

Mas.—F¥emoribus intermediis subtus acute unidentatis, posticis

elytra valde superantibus, supra anguste canaliculatis, intus

ad basin flavo-tomentosis, subtus ante apicem crista den-

ticulata, antice dente valido munita, instructis ; tibiis eyusdem

paris basi arcuatis, deinde sub-rectis, apice mucronatis, basi

tuberculo, ante apicem dentibus duobus indistinctis, munitis ;

abdominis segmento primo medio longitudinaliter complanato,

sub-remote punctato, vage flavo-tomentoso.

Fem.—Femoribus intermediis subtus obtuse unidentatis, posticis

elytris non superantibus, subtus cristé denticulata paullo ante

apicem dente brevi munitd, instructis; tibiis ejusdem paris

arcuatis, basi tuberculatis, apice sub-mucronatis.

Long. mas 83, facm. 7 lin.

Elongate, obscure olivaceous, sub-opaque. Head minutely

punctured ; the antennz unfortunately wanting in the only male

specimen that I possess; in the female they are robust and more

than half the length of the body. Thorax sub-cylindrical, rather

longer than broad, anterior edge moderately produced, anterior

angles indistinctly prominent, surface sub-remotely impressed with

some new Species of Sagra, &c. 251

very minute punctures, which are only visible under a lens. Scu-

tellum dark shining metallic-green, longitudinally grooved. Elytra

sub-elongate, narrowed behind, their surface impressed within the

shoulders, distinctly punctate-striate, the strize closely approxi-

mating in pairs, intervals between the double rows remotely im-

pressed with rather less distinct punctures than those on the strize

themselves ; these punctures are wanting inthe single female

before me. Prosternal process obsolete.

Male.—Intermediate thighs produced beneath into a compressed

acute tooth, posterior pair extending for a third of their length

beyond the apex of the elytra, incrassate and resembling an

elongate club, the upper edge narrowly but distinctly grooved

along the posterior two-thirds of its length; outer edge of the

groove elevated, and forming (when viewed from within) a distinct

ridge, inner surface excavated at the base, and clothed with coarse

fulvous pubescence; lower edge indistinctly denticulate, furnished

before the apex with a short ridge, the apex of which is produced

into a stout conical tooth, in front of which is a deep notch;

tibize of the same pair curved at the base, nearly straight towards

the mucronate apex, furnished on either side just before the latter

with a nearly obsolete obtuse tooth; inner surface tuberculate at

the base; basal segment of abdomen longitudinally depressed,

deeply but sub-remotely punctured, clothed with a few coarse

fulvous hairs.

Female —Intermediate thighs armed beneath with an obtuse

tooth, posterior pair scarcely extending beyond the apex of the

elytra, their lower edge obsoletely denticulate, furnished before

the apex with a short denticulate ridge, the anterior extremity of

which is produced into a short tooth,

Hab. Congo.

The male in my own collection, without precise locality, for-

merly belonged to the Rev. W. Kirby, and was sent to him by

M. Du Freme. The female, from Congo, is in the British

Museum. It ought to stand near S. bicolor, and it forms a link

between the section in which I have placed it and the succeeding

one; in the absence of a prosternal process and in the punctation

of the elytra it agrees with the former, whilst on the other hand

the toothed intermediate thighs ally it to the latter group.

Sagra Murrayi, 0. sp.

Late elongata, postice attenuata, ceruleo-viridis, sub-nitida ;

antennis corporis dimidio longioribus, thorace sub-quadrato,

252 Mr. J. 8. Baly’s Descriptions of

angulis anticis prominulis ; elytris fortiter flexuoso-impressis,

interspatiis (preesertim ad basin) elevato-plicatis ; processu

prosternali compresso, retrorsum producto, femoribus inter-

mediis subtus unidentatis.

Mas.—Femoribus intermediis subtus valide unidentatis, posticis

elongatis rectis, supra sub-sinuatis, intus ad basin flavo-to-

mentosis, subtus ante apicem bidentatis, dente externo valido

interno minuto; tibiis ejusdem paris sub-rectis basi tuber-

culatis, ante apicem sub-flexuosis, apice mucronatis ; abdo-

minis segmento primo longitudinaliter excavato, fortiter punc-

tato, flavo-tomentoso.

Fom.—Femoribus intermediis obtuse dentatis, posticis elytra

non superantibus, subtus crista denticulata antice unidentata

instructis ; tibiis ejusdem paris arcuatis, basi tuberculatis.

1 21;

Long. mas 93, foeem. 8% lin.

Broadly elongate, narrowed posteriorly, dark metallic blue-

green, sub-nitidous. Head impressed on the neck with an oblong

fovea; antennz robust, longer than half the body. ‘Thorax sub-

quadrate, broader than in S. ¢ristis, anterior margin moderately

produced, feebly sinuate in the middle, anterior angles moderately

prominent, above sub-opaque, impunctate, impressed at the base

with a distinct sub-cruciform fovea. Scutellum ovate, longitudi-

nally bifoveolate. Elytra elongate-ovate, truncate at their base,

narrowed behind their middle; sub-nitidous, slightly impressed

within the shoulders; surface closely covered with irregular

grooved lines, their interspaces strongly elevated, rugoso-plicate ;

these rugosities are less distinctly raised below the middle of the

elytra, and become nearly obsolete towards the apex, although

even there much more visible than in S. tristis ; prosternal process

flattened, produced posteriorly to the mesosternum.

Male.—Intermediate pair of thighs inerassate, their lower

surface produced into a stout acute tooth; hinder thighs extending

beyond the elytra for nearly a third of their length, elongate, in-

crassate, not increasing in width below the middle, lower edge

furnished with a narrow denticulate ridge; apex notched and bi-

dentate, the outer tooth large and stout, the inner one minute,

inner surface furnished at the base with a yellow tomentose

patch; hinder tibiz nearly straight, slightly flexuous before the

apex, the latter obtusely mucronate, their inner surface tuberculate

at the base ; basal segment of abdomen longitudinally excavated,

closely punctured, flavo-tomentose.

some new Species of Sagra, Sc. 253

Female.—Intermediate thighs produced beneath into an obtuse

tooth ; hinder pair armed on the lower edge with a stout acute

sub-apical tooth, hinder tibize arcuate, their inner surface tuber-

culate at the base, the apex simple. In this sex there are indi-

cations of some deeply punctured strize on the elytra; they are,

however, much interrupted by the rugosities of the surface, and

are with difficulty to be made out.

Hab. White Nile. Both sexes in my own cabinet.

Very close to S. tristis, immediately after which insect it must

be placed; it differs in the broader thorax, the much more

strongly marked rugosities on the surface of the elytra, and in the

different shape of the posterior femora; these latter are much

longer, scarcely increasing in thickness from below their base

nearly to the apex, their upper edge being much straighter and

obsoletely sinuate in the middle.

Sagra Dohrnii, n. sp.

Elongato-oblonga, late purpurea, nitida; antennis corporis

dimidio paullo longioribus; thorace sub-quadrato, margine

antico modice producto, angulis anticis sat productis, re-

trorsum fere curvatis, margine antico arcuatis, elytris fortiter

vermiculatis, interspatiis (praesertim ante medium) valde ele-

vatis, plicato-rugosis.

Foeem.—Femoribus intermediis subtus acute unidentatis, posticis

subtus denticulatis, ante apicem crista brevi antice unidentata

instructis ; tibiis ejusdem paris arcuatis, apice vix mucronatis,

processu prosternali compresso, retrorsum producto.

Long. 8 lin.

Narrowly oblong, bright purple, nitidous. Head finely punctured,

front impressed with a quadrilobate fovea; antennz robust, rather

longer than half the body. Thorax sub-quadrate, apical margin

moderately produced, anterior angles very prominent, their front

edge convex, the hinder one concave, causing the angles them-

selves to appear almost recurved; upper surface shining, impunc-

tate, impressed near the base with a shallow fovea. Elytra rather

more parallel and less narrowed behind than in Sagra Murray,

otherwise agreeing in form and sculpture with that species, their

surface still more irregular, the punctate strize more deeply im-

pressed, coarse, and rather more visible to the eye.

Female.—Intermediate thighs armed beneath with an acute

tooth; posterior pair not exceeding the elytra in length, their

lower edge denticulate, produced before the apex into a short

254 Mr, J. S. Baly’s Descriptions of

indistinct ridge, the anterior edge of which is unidentate; pos-

terior tibize arcuate, the apex obsoletely mucronate.

Hab. West Coast of Africa. In Major Parry's and my own

collections.

At once separated from S. Murrayi, next to which species it

ought to stand, by the peculiar form of the anterior angles of the

thorax, and the acutely dentate mesofemora.

Genus CuEttoxena. (Details, Pl. XIV.)

Antenne paullum intra marginem interiorem oculorum inserte,

filiformes, robuste, articulo primo brevi, incrassato, secundo bre-

vissimo, tertio elongato, czeteris fere cequalibus.

Mandibule (fig. b) prominentes, robuste, apice bidentate, dextra

intus dentata.

Labrum (fig. e) transversum, antice sub-sinuatum.

Epistoma (fig. c) facie separata, hujus margine inferiori (fig. d)

fere occultato, apice membranacea.

Palpi (figs. f, g) articulo ultimo obovato, apice truncato.

Mentum (fig. g) transversum, concavum.

Labium (fig. g) corneum, obtusum.

Prosternum distinctum, postice ampliatum.

Caput (fig. a) perpendiculare, faciei margine inferiori valde

emarginata, oculis rotundato-ovatis, intus vix sinuatis.

Thorax (fig. e) sub-cylindricus, basi et apice paullo angustatus,

dateribus dentatis.

Scutellum sub-trigonatum, apice obtusum.

Elytra therace multo latiora, oblonga, parallela, apice ro-

tundata, convexa, humeris lateralibus prominulis.

Pedes modice robusti, mediocres ; coxis quatuor anticis sub-

conicis, femoribus vix incrassatis, inermibus, posticis (fig. 7)

ceteris non crassioribus; tarsis (fig. 4) articulis sub-trigonatis,

inter se latitudine equalibus, tertio apice leviter emarginato,

ungue hoc duplo longiori, unguiculis dente brevi armatis.

Abdomen (fig. k) segmentis intermediis angustatis.

Corpus elongato-oblongum, convexum.

Type Cheiloxena Westwoodii, Baly.

This singular genus is remarkable for the possession of a free

epistoma, being separated by this peculiarity from the other

known phytophagous genera, in all of which the same part is

closely united in a single piece with thé face. In Chetloxena the

epistoma is attached by its base to the inner surface of the head,

being more or less concealed (when viewed from above) by the

some new Species of Sagra, §c. 255

deeply emarginate lower edge of the face; the extent of surface

visible varies greatly in different individuals, rendering it more

than probable that the insect in life has the power of retracting to

a certain degree the part within the head. ‘The anterior edge is

bordered by a broad membranous margin. Cheiloxena has very

strong affinities with the Longicornia; in fact, in many genera

amongst the Lamicide (the family to which it is most nearly

related) a similar Structure of the epistoma exists. It is, however,

at once separated from that group, as well as from the majority

of the tribe, by its simple eyes; whilst the perpendicular head

and the absence of a neck forbid its being placed with the Leptu-

ride, the only longicora family possessing a similar form of eye.

I have not therefore hesitated in uniting it with the Phytophaga,

of which great tribe it will probably ultimately form a distinct

family ; for the present I have placed the genus with the Sagride,

with which family it appears to have most characters in common.

It agrees with it in having a narrow thorax and a distinct pro-

sternum, differing in the free epistoma, non-incrassate and un-

armed hinder thighs, and (4matella excepted) in the toothed claws.

From the Donacide and Crioceride it is separated by the distinct

prosternum ; from the Chrysomelide by the narrow thorax and

smaller third joint of the tarsi; and from the Lumolpide by this

latter character and the different form of the antero-lateral plate of

the antipectus; it also differs from all the previously mentioned

groups, approaching the Clythride and allied families, in the

contraction of the intermediate abdominal segments.

Cheiloxena Westwoodii, n. sp. (Pl. XIV. figs. 1, 2.)

Sub-elongata, convexa, opaca, fusca, pilis squamzformibus

adpressis obscure flavis (his hic illic in elytris in maculas

parvas condensatis), induta, capite thoraceque fortiter et

crebre punctatis, hoc sub-cylindrico, lateribus ante medium

dentato ; elytris fortiter sub-crebre striato-punctatis, utrisque

sereibus quatuor tuberculorum elevatorum instructis,

Long. 4—54 lin.

Sub-elongate, convex, opaque, obscure fuscous, whole body

covered with short adpressed scale-like hairs, which are con-

gregated here and on the surface of the elytra into small obscure

fulvous- patches. Head coarsely and closely punctured; face

vertical, somewhat wedge-shaped, its inferior margin deeply

notched; eyes prominent, rotundate-ovate, their inner edge

feebly sinuate ; antenna robust, nearly three-fourths the length

256 Mr. J.S. Baly’s Descriptions of

of thes body, their surface covered with long adpressed pu-

bescence, finer than that on the body. Thorax rather longer

than broad, sub-cylindrical, sides rounded, obliquely narrowed

from the middle to the base, narrowed in front, armed before the

middle with three or four stout obtuse teeth, placed in an oblique

row ; anterior margin slightly produced, convex ; surface closely

and coarsely punctured, almost entirely covered with four or five

large shallow excavations. Scutellum sub-trigonate, sinuate on

the sides, the apex rounded, surface closely covered with ad-

pressed hairs. Elytra considerably broader than the thorax ;

sides parallel, apex regularly rounded; above convex, trans-

versely depressed below the basilar space, shoulders laterally pro-

minent, their apex rounded and compressed,-its edge indistinctly

sinuate; surface somewhat closely covered with large round

deeply impressed punctures, longitudinally arranged in strize; on

each elytra are four rows of elevated oblong tubercles, the inner

one most distinct, the others only visible on the hinder half of the

surface. Under part of body sub-opaque, abdomen less closely

punctured; hinder pair of thighs not extending to the apex of

the elytra, and not thicker than the rest.

Hab. Sydney. Collected by Mr. Hunter.

TABULAR LIST OF THE SPECIES OF SAGRA.

Divisio I. Elytra basi elevata, infra basin transversim depressa.

I. Femoribus posticis { maris intus ad basin glabris ; subtus apice

emarginatis, libiis posticis apice tridentatis.

* Femoribus posticis subtus tridentatis.

Sp. 1. Buquetzi, Lesson.

Var. A (mas). Miuor ; tibiis posticis simplicibus, apice breviter

mucronatis.

Sagra perlucida, Lacord.

** Femoribus posticis subtus bidentatis, dente postico in medio

emarginationis posito.

Sp. 2. migrita, Oliv.

‘Var. A (mas). Femoribus posticis subtus tridentatis ; tibiis

ejusdem paris simplicibus, apice leviter mucronatis,

intus ante apicem interdum obsolete unidentatis.

{ In the following Table the characters are drawn, unless otherwise stated,

from the normal forms of the fully developed males of the various species.

some new Species of Sagra, &c. 257

Var. B. Corpus obscure eneum, ceteris ut in typo.

Sagra dentipes, Fab.?

Sp. 3. + dentipes, Fab.

Sp. 4. + empyrea, Lacord,

Sp. 5. Drury?, Lacord.

Var. A (mas). Minor; femoribus posticis elytra vix super-

antibus, subtus tridentatis, tibiis ejusdem paris simplici-

bus, apice leviter mucronatis, intus ante apicem interdum

obsolete unidentatis.

Sagra tridentata, Weber.

Var. B (mas). Femoribus posticis subtus bidentatis, czeteris

ut in var. A.

Sagra Weberi, Lacord,

Sp. 6. + chrysochlora, Lacord.

Sp. 7. longicollis, Lacord.

Sp. 8. splendida, Weber.

Var. A (mas). Femoribus posticis elytris vix longioribus.

Var. B (mas). Minor; femoribus posticis elytris vix longio-

ribus, subtus tridentatis ; tibiis ejusdem paris simplicibus,

apice leviter mucronatis, intus ante apicem rarius ob-

solete unidentatis.

Sagra ignita, Lacord.

Sagra formosa, Lacord.

Sp. 9. speciosa, Lacord.

Var. A (mas.). Minor; pedibus posticis ut in S, splendida,

var. B.

**# Femoribus posticis subtus bidentatis, dente postico ad

angulum posticum emarginationis posito.

Sp. 10. Pfeifferi, Baly.

**** Femoribus posticis sublus unidentatis, dente ante angulum

anticum emarginalionis posito.

Sp. 11. superba, Lacord,

Var. A (mas). Minor; femoribus posticis elytra modice su-

perantibus, subtus unidentatis ; tibiis posticis simplicibus,

apice breviter mucronatis.

+ Sagra Fabrici, Lacord.

258 Mr. J. S. Baly’s Descriptions of

Sp. 12. quadraticollis, Lacord.

II. Femoribus posticis intus flavo-tomentosis.

* Tibiis posticis (maris) tridentatis, dente exteriori valido

plerumque in spinam curvatam producto, dente in-

terior? minuto, sepe obsoleto.

a Mesosterno apice obtuso.

Sp. 13. Javeti, Baly.

Sp. 14. Senegalensis (Dej.), Klug.

Sp. 15. Stevens, Baly.

Sp. 16. Jansoni, Baly.

b Mesosterno apice truncato.

Sp. 17. Peteli, Buq.

Var. A (mas). Minor ; femoribus posticis intus glabris, tibiis

ejusdem paris simplicibus.

Sagra pygmea, Lacord.

** Tibiis posticis apice mucronatis, extus ante apicem late

emarginatis, intus obsolete tuberculatis.

Sp. 18. carbunculus, Hope.

Var. A (mas). Minor; tibiis posticis apice breviter mucro-

natis, simplicibus.

Species ad hoc divisionem pertinentes, sed incerte sedis.

Sp. 19. heterodera, Lacord.

Sp. 20. lucida, Baly.

Divisio II. Elytra basi non elevata, infra basin non aut vix trans-

versim depressa ; corpus oblongo-elongatum aut elongatum.

I. Processu prosternali nullo.

* Femoribus intermediis inermibus.

a Femoribus posticis intus glabris.

Sp. 21. } amethystina (Dej.), Guér.

Sp. 22. emarginata, Baly.

aa Femoribus posticis intus flavo-tomentosis.

some new Species of Sagra, Se. 259

Sp. 23. Parryi, Baly.

Sp. 24. bicolor, Lacord.

Var. A.(mas). Minor; femoribus posticis subtus ante apicem

crista basi bidentata instructis.

Sp. 25. + c@ruleata, Lacord.

Sp. 26. + Urania, Lacord.

Sp. 27. seraphica, Lacord.

Sp. 28. + Adonis, Lacord.

** Femoribus intermediis subtus unidentatis.

Sp. 29. Kirbyi, Baly.

II. Processu prosternali postice producto.

* Thoracis angulis anticis paullo prominulis, femoribus inter-

mediis foeminze obtuse unidentatis.

Sp. 30. éristis, Fabr.

Sp. 31. Murrayt, Baly.

** Thoracis angulis anticis sat prominulis ; femoribus inter-

mediis foeminze subtus acute unidentatis.

Sp. 32. Dohrnii, Baly.

Sp. 33. + Galinieri, Reiche.

Species mihi ignote.

Sp. 34. + Deyrollu, Thoms.

Sp. 35. + Signoreti, Thoms.

Sp. 36. + Lacordairei, Thoms. f

Sp. 37. + enea, Oliv.

Sp. 38. + cyanea, Dalm.

+ This insect is probably my S. Parryi, but Mr. Thomson’s description of the

hinder thigh is too brief and superficial to enable me to decide with any approach

to certainty.

260 Mr. J.S. Baly’s Descriptions of Sagra, §c.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIV.

Fig. 1. Cheiloxena Westwoodii.

2. Cheilorena Westwoodii, lateral view.

a, head of ditto.

b, mandibles of ditto.

c, epistoma of ditto, detached from the head.

d, lower portion of face of ditto, showing the concave notch below

which the epistoma is seen.

e, labrum and epistoma as seen in sité when viewed from above ;

upper portion corneous epistoma, intermediate ditto the broad

membranaceous border, lower ditto the labrum.

Ff, maxilla of ditto, with maxillary palpus.

g, labium of ditto and labial palpi.

h, tarsus of ditto.

i, hinder leg of ditto.

k, abdomen of ditto.

3. Hinder thigh of Sagra Javeti, , upper surface.

4. Hinder thigh of Sagra Pfeifferi, @.

5. Hinder thigh and tibia of Sagra Parryi, ¢.

6. Hinder thigh and tibia of Sayra carbunculus, ¢.

7. Hinder thigh of Sagra bicolor, g.

8.* Intermediate thigh of Sagra Junsoni, ¢.

8. Thorax of Sagra Dohrnii.

9. Hinder thigh of Sagra Dohrnii, Q.

9,.*Intermediate thigh of Sagra Dohrnii, Q.

10. Hinder thigh of Sugra Stevensi, g.

11. Hinder thigh of Sagra splendida, var. B. g.

12. Hinder thigh of Sagra tristis, g.

13. Hinder thigh of Sagra Murrayi, ¢.

( 261 )

XXII. On the Genus Erateina, Doubl. ;. with Descriptions

of some new Species. By W. Witson Saunpvers, Esq.,

F.RS., &e.

[Read May 7th, 1860.]

Tue genus Frateina was established by the late talented Lepi-

dopterist Edward Doubleday, in a paper read before the Ento-

mological Society, and subsequently published in the 5th volume

of the Society’s Transactions. It was formed to include certain

very interesting moths of the family Geometride, natives of the

mountain regions of tropical America, the males of some of the

species being very remarkable for a curious fold of the inner

margin of the posterior wings, the use of which still remains an

enigma unsolved. E. Doubleday described five species, which are

well figured in the volume of Transactions before referred to, and

these he divided into three sections, according to the amount of

prolongation of the posterior wings into a tail-like process, which

gives a very peculiar appearance to some of the species. Since

the publication of E. Doubleday’s paper, little has been done to

increase our knowledge of this genus, the only additions to it

being made by Mons. Herrich-Scheffer and Mons. Guenée, the

former describing one new species in his ‘* Lepidopterorum

Exoticorum,”’ Nos. 75 and 76, under the name of radiaria, be-

longing to Doubleday’s 3rd section, and the latter author, in the

** Suites a Buffon —Lépidoptéres,” vol. 10, another new species,

belonging to the same section, and to which he gives the name of

siliquata. He also raises Doubleday’s variety of /anthe with red

bands on the anterior wings to the place of a species, calling it

Iphisata, by the use of an affix to Jphis, the name suggested by

Doubleday for this remarkable variety. This brings up the

number of species to eight, and I have now detected in the rich

collection of the British Museum and my own collection six ad-

ditional species, for which we are indebted to the exertions of

recent collectors, and of which descriptions will be found here-

after. These are still derived from the elevated parts of tropical

America, and especially from the vicinity of Bogota, which appears

to be the head-quarters of the genus. One of the recent dis-

coveries, which I have named Regina, is particularly elegant and

chaste in its markings and colours, and, at the same time, the

largest in size yet brought to our knowledge.

962" Mr. W. W. Saunders on the

I am doubtful of the necessity of the dividing this genus into

sections, otherwise than for the sake of discriminating the species,

for the Newra seems to be in form intermediate between the

divisions 1 and 3 of E. Doubleday and the new species lineata,

which, from its peculiar colouring and form, I am unable to include

in either of Mr. Doubleday’s divisions, and which I make into a

fourth division, is again an intermediate form, and must follow

the division including Neera.

In the following table will be seen the arrangement which I

now propose for the species, with such information regarding their

sexes and native countries which I have been able to obtain.

From this it will appear that we have positive knowledge of the

sexes of two species, that we know the males only of four species,

and the females only of eight species. Naturalists who may be in

a position to observe these beautiful and interesting insects in

their native haunts would do science a good turn by studying the

species carefully, and obtaining some of the information so much

wanted regarding their transformations, sexes, habits and economy.

ERATEINA.

Section 1.

1. Zoraida, Doub. f and Q............ Venezuela,

2. \Undalata, 'W.W.'S. fs. ev ornecs ss sDOgOta.

8: Sinuata, WoW. 8S. 2 92.28.20. 80 5~. Bogota:

4. Tanthé, Doub. 2 ......2000.206.5s. Venezuela,

5. Tphisata, Gu. VQ ess cts chs enecees Venezitla:

6. Julia, Doub. | 2 . sc.we vs ote s te ces oe Venezuela.

7. Regina, W. Wid. 2 wsscssece, es HBogota.

Section 2.

83, Newsa; Doub. + <Q: sabis sis skusrei tee op0.010)2 « DOMVIA:

Section 3.

9; Lineata, W.. WsSa Qua iiese a s00in 26,0: DOROtA.

Section 4.

10, Margarita, We W'S." 'o. o.sce0 see ee DOCOA.

ale Obsctra: Wa Ws Su 6 Vas cesses ses | Oe Olas

Pe Cynthia, GUD. “Duss oacece Gece ye os DOlvias

13. Siliguata,'Gu. ‘@ atid ¥ .....:....<. Brazil.

14, Radiaria, H.-Sch. 92 ..............Colombia.

go and @ of 2 species.

& only of 4 species.

¢ only of 8 species.

Genus Frateina. 263

1. Erateina undulata, W.W.S. 3. (PI. XV. figs. 1, 1a.)

Head, antennz and anterior wings above dark umber-brown,

the latter with a narrowish white band, crossing a little beyond

the centre, abruptly bent inwards about its middle, and not

reaching either the anterior or posterior margins of the wing;

below red-brown, with redder shades, and a transverse white band

as above, but crossing the wing entirely, and a transverse broader

ill-defined band about midway between the former and the base

of the wing, the space beyond being marked with white lines,

and there is also a small white transverse streak between the two

white bands. Posterior wings elongated, and produced into an

obtuse diverging tail; above black-brown, with a broad crimson

nearly straight band, crossing from near the posterior angle of the

anterior wing to the inner margin, a little in advance of the base

of the tail, and having three crimson elongated spots in the

sinuations of the outer margin, and two of the same colour on the

inner margin of the tail; below with a narrow crimson band as

above, and having the base, fold and portion of the basal side of

the crimson band silvery-white, variously lined diagonally with

crimson ; then a black-brown sinuated band down the tail,

corresponding with the dark groundwork of the upperside, and

three elongated pinkish- white spots on the outer and three on the

inner margin, including the tail. Thorax and body above dark

umber-brown. Underside of body and legs white.

Expansion of wings 1,7, inch.

Bogota. In the Collection of W. W. Saunders.

This is near Zoraida of Doub., but differs in the very undu-

lating and short band of the upperside of the anterior wings, and

in having only one narrow band on the underside, and in the

broader and less pointed posterior wings.

2. Erateina sinuata, W. W.S. @. (Pi. XV. figs. 2, 2a.)

Head, antenne and anterior wings above dark reddish-brown ;

underside of anterior wings pale reddish-brown, with a silvery-

white, nearly straight, rather narrow transverse band, crossing

nearly the centre of the wing from margin to margin, and having

the basal portion beyond the band all suffused with silvery-white,

except an elongate triangular patch of the ground adjoining the

band. Posterior wings elongate, produced into a broad abrupt

tail; above dark reddish-brown, with a crimson band, having a

sinuated margin crossing the wings from the outer angle to the

inner margin near the base of the tail, and having the space

264 Mr. W. W. Saunders on the

beyond the band black-brown, with four crimson spots fn the

sinuations of the outer margin and a minute crimson spot on the

inner margin, just above the termination of the crimson band ;

below silvery-white at the base, faintly streaked longitudinally

with red-brown, beyond which is a crimson band, corresponding

with the band on the upperside, which is here reduced to a mere

red line, having on its outer margin a series of minute yellow

streaks running into the dark reddish-brown ground beyond, on

which are three long white spots on the outer margin and two

smaller ones of the same colour on the inner margin. Abdomen

dark brown above, with the underside and legs white.

Expansion of wings 1,', inch.

In the collection of W. W. Saunders. Bogota.

This is very similar in markings to Janthe of Doub., and

chiefly differs in the broad and obtusely pointed posterior wings.

I have only seen the female, and in the differences alluded to it

is readily distinguished from the female of Janthe.

3. Erateina Regina, W. W.S. 9. (PI. XV. figs. 3, 3a.)

Head, antenne and thorax dark reddish-brown. Anterior wings

above bright rust colour, gradually shaded to dark red-brown at

the base, and on the exterior margin, the fringe of which is

mottled with black and white; below red-brown, crossed with

a rather broad nearly straight silvery white band a little beyond

the middle, and an obsolete whitish transverse band between that

and the apex, and having the basal portion beyond the silvery

band suffused with whitish-grey, all but a broad triangular patch

adjoining the band, the apex of which is towards the posterior

margin. Posterior wings broad and terminating with a sharply-

pointed diverging tail; above with a silver band, crossing the wing

in a slanting direction from the middle of the anterior margin to a

point on the interior margin about two-thirds its length from the

base, the band being crossed with black veins and sinuate an-

teriorily, and having the basal portion beyond the band black-grey,

and the portion in front of the band velvet-like black, margined with

red-brown towards the band, and having on the outer margin two

silver ]unate spots and the tail fringed with the same colour, and

two spots, one at the base of the tail, and the other just below

the termination of the silver band also silvery-white; below with

a broad silver band corresponding with the oe on the upper

surface, but curved upwards on the inner margin, edged with

purplish-crimson, and with the basal portion beyond the band dull

Genus Erateina. 265

silver, with indistinct crimson longitudinal lines; the outer portion

of the wing black-brown, with the marking on the margin as above,

and a series of short golden yellow, very fine oblique lines, running

from the crimson margin of the band into the black ground. Body

above dark-brown, below and legs dull white.

Prom Bogota. In the British Museum.

Expansion of wings 1-95 inch.

This is a very distinct species, very unlike any other, is the

largest yet described, and, at the same time, the most beautiful

in its markings,

4, Eratema lineata, W. W.S. @. (PI. XVI. figs. 1, 1a.)

Head black, with the orbits of the eyes white. Thorax dark-

brown, with the shoulders red-brown. Anterior wings above

black-brown, with a straight transverse yellowish-white band from

the middle of the anterior margin to a point a little within the

outer margin, near the anal angle, and gradually narrowing as it

approaches this point; also having a white narrow-line running

parallel to and a little within the inner margin; below rich crimson-

brown, with a white band, as on the upper side, and another,

orange-coloured, nearly midway between that and the outer margin,

but much narrower, and crossing from the anterior margin to the

inner angle, and having at the base of the wing a series of yellow

lines on the nervures. Posterior wings rather broad and slightly

produced into a broad rounded tail; above black-brown, with

a large orange-red, inverted, lunate patch near the apex, touching

the inner margin and extending nearly across the wing, and run-

ning up towards the hinder angle of the anterior wing, and having

the basal portion of the wing with the nervures yellowish-white,

and five white spots on the fringe of the outer margin and apex;

below bright crimson-brown, with the outer margin broadly

edged with dark crimson-brown, and fringed with black and white

in broad patches, having on the dark margin a narrow yellow,

curved line parallel with the inner margin of tail and outer margin,

inside of which is a band of the ground colour, then a narrow

band of yellow; beyond which the nervures are bright yellow.

3ody above dark-brown, with the segments of the abdomen mar-

gined with yellow; body beneath and legs yellowish-white.

Expansion of wings 1,8; inch.

Bogota. In the collection of the British Museum, and W. W,

Saunders.

A very distinet species, with the crimson spot in the posterior

VOL. V. N.S. PART VII.—Noy. 1860. ;

266 Mr. W. W. Saunders on the

wings much varying in size, sometimes reduced to a mere curved

narrow band.

‘5. Erateina margarita, W.W.S. g. (Pl. XVI. figs. 2, 2a.)

Head, antenne and thorax black, the former having two yellow

lines alongside the eyes, and the latter narrowly margined in

front with white, and having two fine longitudinal streaks, one on

the shoulders and one on the vertex of the same colour. Anterior

wings above black, with a large white semi-transparent oval trans-

verse spot in the centre of the disk, and a band of the same colour

arising from the base of the wing and curving backwards, nearly

parallel with the inner margin, gradually increasing in width, and

terminating before the internal angle; below red-brown, with a

silvery-white band corresponding in position with the oval spot on

the upper side, but elongated so as to touch the anterior margin,

and also the inner margin; the latter being reached by a line-like

production parallel to the outer margin, and also another silvery

band corresponding with the curved band on the upper side, and

also with a silvery streak arising from the base of the wing and

running a short distance on to the disk. Posterior wings slightly

elongated and rounded at the apex; above black, with a large

oval white spot on the disk, from which there is a pointed elon-

gation of the same colour in direction of the apex of the wing,

and with five white spots on the fringe of the outer margin and

apex; below red-brown, with a semi-oval fold, and with a silver

spot corresponding with the white spot on the upper side, excepting

that the prolongation suddenly curves upwards and is continued

by a narrow band to the inner margin near the fold, which latter

is margined with silver on the curved side. Body above dark-

brown; below whitish. Legs whitish, mottled with dark-brown.

Bogota.

Expansion of wings | 3, inch.

In the collection at the British Museum.

This approaches Cynthia of Doub., but is smaller, and with

markings on the posterior wings of a different character.

6. Erateina obscura, W. W.S. 6. (PI. XVI. figs. 3, 3a.)

Head and thorax black, the former with the inner margin of

the eyes white, and the latter having a white streak on the vertex,

Anterior wings above black, with the base greyish, and with an

oval-white transverse spot on the disk a little beyond the middle ;

below red-brown, with a white curved band in the position of

Genus Erateina. 267

the oval spot of the upper side, commencing on the anterior

margin, and continued from the base of the spot by a silvery

curved line running nearly parallel with the outer margin, and on

to the inner margin, which is broadly suffused with dull silver,

and with a silver-forked spot at the base and a transverse streak

of the same colour on the basal side of the band ; posterior wings

narrow, elongated and rounded at the apex; above brownish-

black, with a faint white longitudinal streak on the disk; below

red-brown, with a small semi-oval fold margined with silver on

the curved side, and having on the disk of the wing a very irre-

gular silvery longitudinal band, commencing at a point on the

anterior margin, then expanding suddenly and running towards

the apex, and terminating in a narrow prolongation reflexed on to

the inner margin a little above the anal angle, and also having five

spots on the fringe of the outer margin and apex, and the nervures

on the basal side of the band white; body black-brown.

Bogota. In the collection of W. W. Saunders,

Expansion of wings 1% inch.

This species nearly resembles the preceding margarita, but

differs in the posterior wings being more elongated, the fold

narrower, and in the almost uniform colour of the upper side of

the former. It is a male, except which, seeing its similarity to

margarita, | should have made it a variety of that species,

ras)

(268 3)

XXIII. Characters of undescribed Diptera in the Collection

of W. W. Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., &c. By Francis

Wacker, Esq., F.L.S., &e.

[Read February 2nd, 1857.]

BRACHYCERA.

Fam. STRATIOMIDA.

Genus Pritocera, Weid.

Ptilocera Natalensis ?

Feem.—Nigra, capite atro nitente, antennis sub-pectinatis apice

albis, thorace vittis duabus smaragdinis, scutelli spinis duabus

piceis, pectore argenteo, abdomine vittis quatuor argenteis,

pedibus ferrugineis, alis sub-cinereis apices versus sub-

obscurioribus, macula costali nigricante, halteribus ferru-

ginels apice nigris.

Ptilocera Natalensis, Gerstacker, Linn. Ent. xl. 334, 3.

Female.—Black : head deep black, shining; antenne a little

longer than the breadth of the head, minutely pectinated, white at

the tips ; thorax with two emerald-green stripes ; scutellum with

four piceous spines; pectus with silvery tomentum; abdomen

with four stripes of silvery tomentum, the middle pair much

abbreviated in front; legs ferruginous, with silvery tomentum ;

wings slightly greyish, a little darker towards the tips; a blackish

spot by the middle of the costa; veins black for half the length,

testaceous from thence to the tips; halteres ferruginous, with

black knobs.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

This is probably the female of P: Natalensis, which is described

as having the wings yellow, blackish at the base.

Natal.

Genus CyrpHomyra, Wied.

Cyphomyia simplex.

Fem.—Nigra, capite testaceo, scutelli spinis duabus robustis,

pectore albido, abdomine cyaneo, genubus anticis albidis,

Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera. 269

tarsis albis apice nigris, alis obscure cinereis, stigmate ve-

nisque nigris, halteribus testaceis apice nigris.

Female.—Black : head testaceous, paler hindward; antennz

black, longer than the breadth of the head; pectus with whitish

tomentum ; scutellum with two stout spines; abdomen blue, much

broader but hardly longer than the thorax ; tip attenuated ; fore-

knees whitish; tarsi white, with black tips; wings dark grey ;

stigma and veins black; halteres testaceous, with black knobs.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Mexico.

This is nearly allied to C. varipes, Gerstacker, but may be dis-

tinguished from that species by its black thorax.

Norr.—Two works on Diptera have appeared since these de-

scriptions were offered to the Entomological Society.

The first is, ‘‘Catalogue of the described Diptera of North

America. Prepared for the Smithsonian Institution by R. Osten

Sacken.” This work includes the Diptera of Mexico, of Central

America and of the West Indies, and indicates, as far as possible,

the locality where each species has been discovered, and the in-

stances of the extension of its range to South America, and thus

brings together large materials for the knowledge of the geo-

graphical distribution of species.

The other work is ‘‘ Saggio di Ditterologia Messicana di Luigi

Bellardi, Professore di Storia Naturale. Parte 14. Torino.

1859.”

The first part contains the Nemocera, and the families Stra-

tiomide, Tabanide and Acroceride of the Brachycera. The

descriptions are distinct and complete, and are accompanied by

two plates, in which the characters of the species are very well

delineated.

Genus Stratiomys, Geoffr.

Stratiomys constricta.

Mas.— Atra, capite antico sub-argenteo, scutelli spinis duabus

piceis, abdominis segmentis sub-argenteo-fasciatis, apice piceo,

tibiis posticis tarsisque fulvis, alis obscure fuscis basi luridis

apices versus limpidis.

Male.—Deep black: head with slightly silvery tomentum in

fiont, and with grey pubescence beneath and behind; scu-

tellum with two piceous spines; abdomen piceous at the tip,

and with a band of slightly silvery tomentum on each segment ;

tarsi and hind tibie tawny; wings lurid at the base, dark brown

270 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

from thence to more than half the length, vitreous and colourless

towards the tips.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

Mexico.

Stratiomys pinguis.

Fom.—Nigricans, capite ferrugineo-tomentoso antice albido-

pubescente, thorace ferrugineo-tomentoso vittis duabus fer-

rugineis, scutelli spinis duabus ferrugineis, abdominis seg-

mentis sub-aurato-fasciatis subtus albido-fasciatis vitta lata

fulva, femoribus tibiisque subtus tarsisque fulvis, alis limpidis

apud costam luridis.

Female.—Blackish. Head with ferruginous tomentum, above

with whitish pubescence in front; hind side with silvery to-

mentum. Antenne black ; third joint lanceolate towards the tip,

much longer than the first. Thorax with ferruginous tomentum,

and with a ferruginous stripe along each side. Scutellum with

two ferruginous spines. Abdomen with bands of slightly gilded »

tomentum on the borders of each segment ; underside with bands

of whitish tomentum, which are dilated on each side, and with a

broad tawny discal stripe. Femora and tibize beneath and tarsi

tawny. Wings vitreous, lurid along the costa from the base to

nearly two-thirds of the length.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

This may possibly be the female of S. constricta, though so

different from it in appearance.

Mexico.

Genus Critettaria, Meig.

Clitellaria obesa.

Mas.—Cyanea, capite antennisque nigris, thorace conico, scu-

tello spinis quatuor, abdomine nigro sub-punctato, pedibus

nigris, tarsis fulvis, alis sub-cinereis basi fuscescentibus, ma-

cula costali fusca, venis nigris.

Male.—Dark blue, thick. Head black. Antenne black,

shorter than the breadth of the head; third joint linear, acu-

minated ; arista shorter than the third joint. Thorax conical.

Scutellum with four spines. Abdomen black, minutely punctured,

not longer than broad. Legs black; tarsi tawny. Wings grey-

ish-vitreous, brownish at the base, and with a brown spot by the

costa before half the length; veins black.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Mexico.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 271

Genus Curysocutora, Latr.

Chrysochlora purpurea.

Mas.—Cyaneo-purpurea, antennis, coxis femoribusque nigris,

thorace nigro-pubescente, femoribus subtus plus minusve

testaceis, tibiis tarsisque pallide testaceis, alis fuscescente

cinereis striga fusca, venis nigris, halteribus albidis.

Male.—Purple, varied with blue. Antenne black. Thorax

with short black pubescence. Coxee and femora black ; femora

more or less testaceous beneath ; tibize and tarsi pale testaceous.

Wings brownish-grey, with a brown streak on each side of the

discal vein from the base to half the length; veins black. Halteres

whitish.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 14 lines.

Mexico.

Genus Sarcus, Fabr.

Sargus subinterruptus ?

Mas ?—Testaceus, capite atro subtus albido, antennarum ar-

ticulo 3° nigro-notato, arista nigra, abdomine fasciis quatuor

(una integra tribusque interruptis) apiceque nigris, femoribus

posticis supra basique nigricantibus, tibiis posticis atris, alis

sub-cinereis extus fuscescentibus, venis nigris.

Male ?—Testaceous. Head deep black above, whitish beneath.

Antenne short; third joint round, marked with black; arista

black, stout at the base. Abdomen paler than the thorax, with

four black bands and a black tip; second, third and fourth bands

each composed of two large round spots. Hind femora blackish

above at the base; hind tibiz deep black. Wings brownish, very

slightly greyish for nearly half the length from the base; veins

black.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

Mexico.

Sargus subinterruptus, mas? Bellardi, Ditt. Mess. i. 44, 9,

Dio tatis 22

Sargus rufibasis.

Feem.—tLurido- nigricans, antennarum articulo 38° ferrugineo,

abdomine purpurascente, disco basali apiceque lurido-rufis,

pedibus albis, femoribus dimidio apicali nigris, alis sub-

cinereis extus fuscescentibus, venis nigris, halteribus tes-

taceis.

Female.—Blackish, with a lurid tinge. Antenne black ; third

272 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

joint ferruginous, nearly oval; seta slender, a little longer than

the rest of the antenne. Abdomen purplish, lurid red at the tip

and in the disk towards the base. Legs white; femora black for

about half the length from the tips. Wings brownish, greyish for

nearly half the length from the base; veins black. Halteres pale

testaceous.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Natal.

Fam. TABANID.

Genus Panconta, Latr.

Pangonia atrifera.

Mas.—Atra, proboscide thoracis longitudine, thorace nigro-

pubescente, abdominis lateribus nigro-pilosis, tarsis subtus

piceis, alis nigricantibus apice et apud marginem interiorem

obscure cinereis, venz cubitalis ramo antico furcam emit-

tente.

Male.—Deep black. Proboscis as long as the thorax. Antenne

black, not dentate. Thorax with thick black pubescence. Ab-

domen broader and a little longer than the thorax, with short

black hairs along each side. Tarsi piceous beneath. Wings

blackish, dark cinereous at the tips and along the interior border ;

veins black; fore branch of the cubital vein emitting a fork at

its angle.

Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 16 lines.

Allied to P. rhinophora, Bellardi.

Mexico.

Pangonia tenuirostris.

Mas.—Cervina, capite antico ferrugineo, proboscide non thoracis

longitudine, palpis antennisque fulvis, thorace abdomineque

aurato-pubescentibus albido-sub-tomentosis, abdomine pedi-

busque fulvis, alis obscure cinereis basi et apud costam

fuscescentibus, venze cubitalis ramo antico furcam emittente,

halteribus apice albidis.

Allied to P. leucopogon, Wd. Male.—Fawn-colour: head

ferruginous in front, whitish hindward, with pale hairs beneath ;

proboscis slender, shorter than the thorax; palpi and antenne

tawny, the latter slender and simple; thorax and abdomen with

gilded pubescence, and with very slight whitish tomentum; abdo-

men and legs tawny; wings dark-grey, brownish at the base and

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 273

along the costa; fore branch of the cubital vein emitting a fork

near its base; hind branch joining the first externo-medial vein

at some distance from the border; sub-anal joining the anal at

some distance from the border; halteres with whitish tips.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 14 lines.

Mexico.

Genus Tapanus, Linn.

Tabanus dorsifer.

Foem.—Glauco-cinereus, capite albido pilis subtus albis, callo

nigro postice lato antice sub-quadrato ferrugineo, palpis

albidis, antennis parvis, thoracis vittis quinque pectoreque

albidis, abdomine maculis lateralibus ferrugineis, segmen-

torum marginibus maculisque quatuor trigonis lateralibus

albis, tibiis fulvis apice nigris, alis cinereis, halteribus apice

albidis.

Allied to 7. dorsiger, Wd. Female.—Glaucous-cinereous :

head whitish, with white hairs beneath; callus black, broad,

attenuated in front, and joining a ferruginous shining sub-quad-

rate spot; proboscis black ; Jancets ]uteous; palpi whitish ; an-

tenne black, small; third joint slightly dilated and angular ;

thorax with five whitish stripes; pectus whitish; abdomen with

dull ferruginous spots on each side; hind borders of the seg-

ments white; a large triangular white spot on each of the third

and fourth segments; legs black; tibiae tawny, with black tips ;

wings cinereous; veins black; fore branch of the cubital vein

obtusely angular at its base, not emitting a fork; sub-anal vein®

joining the anal at some distance from the border; halteres with

whitish knobs.

Length of the body 63 lines; of the wings 13 lines.

Mexico.

Tabanus commixtus.

Feem.—Fuscus, capite cervino subtus albido pilis albis, callo

gracillimo antice dilatato quadrato, palpis albidis, antennis

fulvis apice nigris, thorace cinereo, pectore albido pilis albis,

abdomine vittis tribus (lateralibus macularibus) testaceis,

ventre pallide testaceo, pedibus testaceis, tarsis femoribus

basi tibiisque apice nigris, alis cinereis, venis transversis vix

nebulosis, halteribus albis.

Allied to T. rufiventris, Macq., but with a longer and narrower

abdomen. Female.—Brown: head fawn-colour, with a very slender

274 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

callus, in front of which there is a black shining quadrate spot ;

underside whitish, with white hairs; palpi whitish; antennz

tawny, dilated into a tooth at the base of the third joint, black

towards the tips; thorax with cinereous tomentum ; pectus whitish,

with white hairs; abdomen with three testaceous stripes; the

lateral stripes composed of oblique elongated testaceous spots ;

underside pale testaceous; legs testaceous; tarsi, femora at the

base, and tibize at the tips, black; fore legs deep black, their

tibiae testaceous for half the length from the base; wings grey ;

veins black, ferruginous at the base; transverse veins hardly

clouded; fore branch of the cubital vein obtusely angular at the

base, not emitting a branch; sub-anal vein joining the anal at

some distance from the border; halteres white.

Length of the body 53 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Mexico.

Tabanus alteripennis.

Foem.—Ferrugineus, capite albido, callo gracillimo, antennis

S ’ ’ 5 >

luteis, dente apiceque nigris, thorace vittis tribus obscuri-

oribus, pectore cano, abdomine apicem versus nigricante,

pedibus anticis nigris, alis obscure cinereis albo-trimaculatis,

stigmate nigricante, halteribus albidis apice nigris.

te] to} ’ oD

Allied to 7. diversipennis, Female.—Ferruginous: head with

whitish tomentum; callus very slender; eyes nearly contiguous

above ; proboscis black ; antennze luteous, black towards the tips;

third joint slightly dilated, and with a minute black tooth near its

base; thorax with three indistinct darker stripes; pectus hoary;

abdomen blackish above towards the tip, with the exception of

the hind borders of the segments; fore legs black; wings dark

grey, with three white spots on the disk of each, the third spot

smaller than the other two, and on the base of the fore branch of

the cubital vein, which has the usual form, and emits no fork ;

stigma blackish; halteres whitish, with black knobs.

Var. B. Darker: abdomen not blackish towards the tip; wings

partly blackish.

Length of the body 43 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Mexico.

Tabanus purus.

Foem.—Pallide testaceo-flavus, callo longo gracili antice sub-

dilatato, proboscide nigro, thorace pectoreque albido-sub-

tomentosis, alis limpidissimis, venis albido-testaceis, venz

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 275

cubitalis ramo antico angulato furcam emittente, stigmate

flavescente, halteribus albidis.

Allied to 7. inconspicuus, Female.—Pale testaceous yellow :

head witb the callus long and slender, but slightly dilated in

front; proboscis black; antennee with the third joint very small

and slender, but dilated and angular towards its base; thorax

and pectus with slight whitish tomentum; abdomen somewhat

brighter than the thorax. Wings quite vitreous; veins whitish

testaceous, somewhat darker along the costa; fore-branch of the

cubital vein forming a well-defined obtuse angle at its base, and

there emitting a fork; sub-anal vein joining the anal at some

distance from the border ; stigma yellowish; halteres whitish,

Length of the body 43 lines; of the wings 9 lines.

Mexico.

Tabanus incipiens.

Feem.—Niger, capite albido. callo nigro tenui antice posticeque

dilatato sub-quadrato, palpis albis, antennis ferrugineis,

thorace cinereo, pectoris Jateribus albidis, segmentorum ab-

dominalium marginibus posticis maculisque dorsalibus tri-

gonis albidis, tibiis albis apice nigris, alis sub-cinereis, venze

cubitalis ramo antico angulato furcam brevissimam emittente.

Allied to TJ. trinotatus, Wd. Female.-—Black: head whitish,

with a very slight callus between two black sub-quadrate shining

spots; palpi white; antenna ferruginous; third joint hardly di-

lated; thorax with cinereous tomentum; pectus whitish on each

side ; abdomen with a whitish band on the hind border of each

segment, these bands dilated and angular in the middle above ;

tibiae white, with black tips; wings greyish; veins black ; fore-

branch of the cubital vein forming a well-defined slightly obtuse

angle at its base, and then emitting an extremely short fork ; sub-

anal vein joining the anal very near the border.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Amazon region.

Tabanus abscondens.

Feem.—Nigricans, capite subtus pilis albis, callo longo gracili

antice sub-dilatato, palpis fulvis, antennis parvis obscure fer-

rugineis apice nigris, thoracis lateribus ferrugineis, abdo-

minis segmentis ferrugineo - marginatis, ventre ferrugineo

fasciis abbreviatis nigris, pedibus fulvis, tibiis anticis apice

femoribus anticis tarsisque anticis nigris, alis sub-cinereis,

halteribus albidis.

Allied to 7. tenebrosus. Female.—Blackish. Head with white

276. Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

hairs beneath; callus long, slender, slightly wider in front. Palpi

tawny. Antenne small, dark ferrugivous, black towards the tips ;

third joint with a very small tooth. Thorax ferruginous on each

side; pectus partly ferruginous, with white hairs. Abdomen

with the hind borders of the segments ferruginous; underside

ferruginous, with short black bands. Legs tawny; fore-femora,

fore-tarsi and tips of the fore-tibize black. Wings greyish; veins

black, ferruginous at the base; fore-branch of the cubital vein

obtusely angular at its base, not emitting a branch; sub-anal vein

joining the anal at some distance from the border. Halteres

whitish.

Length of the body 63 lines; of the wings 14 lines.

Burmah.

Fam. ACROCERIDA.

Genus Cyrtus, Latr.

Cyrtus orbifer.

Mas.—Niger, proboscide corporis longitudine, antennis basi

testaceis, thorace pilis pallidis fulvis dense vestito, abdominis

segmentis testaceo-marginatis, pedibus pallide luteis, alis

sub-cinereis, venis nigris.

Male.—Black; proboscis curved towards the tip, as long as

the body; antenne very slender, testaceous at the base; thorax

thickly clothed with pale tawny hairs; abdomen with a testaceous

band on the hind border of each segment; legs pale luteous; wings

slightly cinereous; veins black, well defined.

Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings 10 lines.

Natal.

Fam. ASILIDZ.

Sub-fam. DasypoGonirTeEs.

Genus Dasypocon, Fab.

Dasypogon secabilis.

Foem.—Aurato-flavus, capite supra nigro fascia antica fer-

ruginea, mystace aurato, proboscide palpis antennisque fulvis,

thorace fulvo vittis duabus latissimis cinereo-ferrugineis tri-

busque angustis incompletis’ sub-auratis, abdomine nigro

segmentorum marginibus aurato-flavis, pedibus fulvis nigro-

spinosis, femoribus posterioribus basi nigris, alis cinereis,

venis fulvo-vittatis, halteribus flavis.

Group of D. brunneus; see Cat. Dipt. 2nd series, ii, 420.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 277

Female.—Gilded yellow. Head black between the eyes; front

flat, with a short ferruginous stripe extending from the base of

the antennze; mystax with a few pale gilded bristles. Proboscis,

palpi and antenne tawny ; third joint of the antenne sub-lanceo-

late, rather longer than the first and the second together. Thorax

tawny ; two very broad ferruginous cinereous-tinged stripes ;

three slight somewhat incomplete pale gilded stripes, the lateral

pair between the ferruginous stripes and the pectus, which is

partly ferruginous; scutellum gilded yellow. Abdomen black,

with a gilded yellow band on the hind border of each segment.

Legs tawny, stout, long, with black spines ; posterior femora

black towards the base. Wings cinereous, with tawny stripes

along the black veins. Halteres pale yellow.

Length of the body 10 lines; of the wings 18 lines.

This species has some resemblance to D. Mexicanus, Macq,,

but may be distinguished by the colour of the thorax.

Mexico.

Dasypogon gelascens.

Mas.—Argenteo-albus, capite subtus albo-piloso, epistomate

plano, mystace albo, antennis nigris, thoracis disco cinereo,

abdomine fasciis duabus latis abbreviatis nigris, pedibus

validis albo-setosis, alis sub-cinereis, halteribus albis.

Male.—Pure silvery-white: head with white hairs beneath ;

epistoma quite flat; mystax with white bristles; proboscis and

antenne black ; disk of the thorax cinereous; abdomen with two

broad abbreviated black bands; legs stout, with white bristles;

ungues black; wings slightly greyish; veins black; halteres

white.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Mexico.

Dasypogon proclivis.

Mas.—Niger, capite antico rufescente, mystace albido, antennis

basi ferrugineis, thorace cinereo, abdomine rufo, maculis

quatuor lateralibus apice ventreque nigris, guttis quatuor

lateralibus albidis, pedibus fulvis validis, tarsorum articulis

apice nigris, alis fuscis postice cinereis, halteribus ru-

fescentibus,

This and the two following species belong to the group of D,

Spectrum. See Cat. Dipt., 2nd Ser., ti. 471. Male.—Black.

Head reddish in frout ; mystax with ten whitish bristles. An-

tennee ferruginous towards the base; third joint nearly linear,

278 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

longer than the first and the second. Thorax with cinereous to-

mentum. Abdomen red-black at the tip, and with two black

spots and two whitish dots on each side ; underside black. Legs

tawny, stout; cox black; joints of the tarsi with black tips.

Wings brown, dark greyish along the hind border ; veins black.

Halteres reddish.

Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 14 lines.

Barmah.

Dasypogon inopinatus.

Mas.—Niger, capite pectoreque auratis, mystace albido, thorace

vittis quatuor auratis maculisque duabus humeralibus fulvis,

abdomine nigro-eeneo nitente maculis transversis lateralibus

albidis, pedibus fulvis validis, alis sub-luridis apice cinerels,

halteribus fulvis.

Male.—Black. Head in front ferruginous, or whitish gilded,

according to the direction in which it is viewed. Mystax whitish.

Third joint of the antennz almost linear, hardly tapering from the

base to the tip, rather longer than the first and the second toge-

ther. Thorax with four gilded stripes, and with a tawny spot on

each shoulder. Pectus mostly gilded. Abdomen eneous black,

shining; hind borders of the segments with transverse whitish

spots on each side. Legs tawny, stout; spines paler. Wings

slightly lurid, cinereous towards the tips; veins tawny, black

towards the tips and along the hind border. Halteres tawny.

Length of the body 83 lines; of the wings 16 lines.

Burmah.

Dasypogon inopportunus.

Feem.— Niger, capite albido nitente pilis subtus albidis, mystace

albo, abdomine nigro-cupreo pilis apicalibus albidis, fe-

moribus tibiisque anticis apice fulvis, alis nigricantibus

postice pallidioribus, halteribus testaceis apice nigris,

Female.—Black. Head with whitish tomentum and hairs, white

and shining or tawny in front according to the direction in which

it is viewed; mystax white. Palpi with stout black bristles.

Third joint of the antennz slightly attenuated from the middle to

the tip, much longer than the first and the second together.

Abdomen cupreous black, with some short whitish hairs at the

tip. ‘Lips of fore-femora and fore-tibize towards the tips tawny ;

spines pale testaceous. Wings blackish, somewhat paler along

the hind border; veins black. Halteres testaceous, with black

knobs.

Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 16 lines.

Burmah.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 279

Dasypogon decretus.

Mas.—Ater, capite cinereo pilis subtus albidis, mystace nigro,

antennarum articulo 3° clavato, thorace vittis duabus cinereis

duabusque lateralibus albidis, abdomine albo-canescente, pilis

lateralibus albidis, sexualibus rufis maximis, tibiis anterioribus

testaceis, femoribus anticis fulvo-strigatis, alis cyaneo-nigris,

halteribus ferrugineis.

Genus Microstylum, Macq. Male.—Deep black. Head with

cinereous tomentum, with some whitish hairs beneath; mystax

with a few black bristles, Third joint of the antennz clavate,

a little longer than the first and the second together. Thorax

with two cinereous stripes, and with two lateral whitish stripes,

which are much more distinct than the cinereous pair. Pectus

with whitish hairs. Abdomen with hoary white tomentum above ;

second, third and fourth segments with whitish hairs on each side;

sexual appendages red, very large. Anterior tibiz testaceous ;

fore femora with a slight tawny streak. Wings bluish black.

Halteres ferruginous.

Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

Burmah.

Genus DiscocerHata, Macq.

Discocephala divisa.

Fem.—Nigra, thorace sat convexo, lateribus pectoreque cine-

reis, pedibus validis, alis nigris fascia lata alba, halteribus apice

albidis.

Female.— Black : eyes in front flat and with large facets ; thorax

somewhat convex, cinereous on each side; pectus cinereous ; legs

stout; wings black, with a broad white band beyond the middle ;

halteres with whitish knobs.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Mexico.

Discocephala interlineata.

Fom.—Nigra, capite albido, thorace vittis quatuor luteis pos-

tice connexis, lineis duabus interioribus indistinetis pallidis,

scutello pallide luteo, pectore albido, abdominis lateribus

ventreque cinereis, pedibus albido-setosis, tarsis posticis

subtus aurato-tomentosis, alis nigricantibus, halteribus albis.

Female —Black: head whitish; thorax with four pale luteous

stripes, which are united hindward; two indistinct pale lines be-

tween the interior stripes, which are abbreviated in front; scutellum

280 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

pale luteous ; pectus whitish; abdomen cinereous on each side

and beneath; legs with rather long whitish bristles; hind tarsi

with gilded tomentum beneath ; wings blackish, black towards the

base along the costa; halteres white.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Mexico.

Sub-Fam. LAPHRITES.

Genus Lampria, Macq.

Lampria bitincta.

Mas.—Nigra, capite antico ferrugineo, pilis subtus albidis,

abdomine fulvo depresso lineari, pedibus fulvis, femoribus

validis, tibiis posticis dilatatis arcuatis ciliatis, alis obscure

cinereis apud costam basalem luteis, halteribus testaceis.

Male.— Black: head ferruginous in front, with whitish hairs

beneath; proboscis porrect; abdomen tawny, flat, linear; legs

tawny; femora stout, especially the hind pair; hind tibiz dilated,

curved, ciliated; wings dark grey, a little paler along the hind

border, luteous along the costa for more than one-third of the

length from the base; hind branch of the cubital vein and first -

externomedial vein united at some little distance from the border;

third and fourth externomedial veins united at some distance from

the border; sub-anal and anal veins united far from the border;

halteres testaceous.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

Amazon Region.

Genus Larnrtia, Fabr.

Laphria formidolosa.

Mas.—Nigra, .capite albo-piloso, mystace nigro, antennarum

articulo 3° fusiformi, thoracis vittis tribus angustis pectoreque

canis, abdomine rufescente lanceolato, ventre nigro, pedibus

validis albido-pilosis et nigro-setosis, alis nigricantibus, hal-

teribus pallide testaceis.

Group of L. Amandus. See Cat. Dipt. 2nd Ser. i. 533.

Male. —Black, with black hairs. Head with white hairs on each

side of the front, and beneath; front prominent and with numerous

black bristles in the disk. Third joint of the antennae fusiform,

a little longer than the first and the second together. Thorax

with three slender hoary stripes. Pectus hoary. Abdomen red-

dish, lanceolate; underside black and with black hairs, reddish

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 281

and with reddish hairs at the tip. Legs stout, with whitish hairs

and black bristles. Wings blackish; veins black; fore-fork of

the cubital vein slightly curved; hind fork and first externo-

medial vein united on the border; third externomedial vein

curved, joining the fourth rather far from the border. Halteres

pale testaceous.

Length of the body 10 lines; of the wings 18 lines.

Mexico.

Laphria componens.

Mas.—Nigra, capite albo, epistomate plano, mystace nigro,

antennarum articulo 3° fusiformi, thoracis vittis duabus an-

ticis pectoreque cinereis, abdomine cyanescente purpureo,

pilis lateralibus albidis, tibiis anterioribus testaceis, tarsis

subtus et tarsis anterioribus basi testaceis, alis cinerascentibus,

haiteribus albido-testaceis.

Male.—Black: head with white tomentum; vertex with two

long setze on the tubercle; epistoma quite flat, with a few slight

white bristles; proboscis short, lanceolate; third joint of the

antennze fusiform, a little longer than the first and the second

together; thorax with two cinereous stripes in front; pectus

cinereous; abdomen bluish-purple, with whitish hairs along each

side; legs rather slender, with long slender bristles; anterior

tibize testaceous; tarsi beneath and anterior tarsi at the base

testaceous; wings greyish; veins black; halteres whitish tes-

taceous.

Length of the body 34 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Mexico.

Laphvria triligata.

Feem.—Nigra, capite apud oculos argenteo, pilis subtus albidis,

mystace nigro, antennarum articulo 3° subfusiformi, pectore

cinereo, abdomine rufo, basi nigro, alis nigricantibus basi

sub-limpidis.

Female.—Black, and with black hairs: head silvery about the

eyes, and with whitish hairs beneath; face convex towards the

epistoma; mystax with several black bristles; proboscis porrect ;

third joint of the antennz sub-fusiform, a little longer than the

first and the second together; pectus cinereous; abdomen red,

black at the base; wings blackish, nearly colourless towards the

base; veins black.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 63 lines.

Mexico.

VOL. V.. N. S. PART VII.—Nov. 1860, U

282 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

Laphria abscissa.

Foem.—Nigra, mystace nigro, abdomine apicem versus sub-

latiore, pedibus validis, alis nigricantibus dimidio feré basali

sub-limpidis. )

Female.—Black: front prominent; mystax with black bristles ;

proboscis porrect; abdomen a little broader towards the tip,

longer than the thorax; legs stout; wings blackish, almost

colourless for nearly half the Jength from the base.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

Burmah.

Genus Atomosia, Macq.

Alomosia sericans.

Mas.—Nigra, fronte cinerascente, tibiis tarsisque anterioribus

testaccis, tibiis posticis fulvis apice nigris, tarsis posticis basi

fulvis, alis nigricantibus, venis nigris, halteribus albidis.

Male.--Black: head with somewhat cinereous tomentum in

front; anterior tibize and tarsi testaceous, with paler shining

tomentum; hind tibiae tawny, with black tips, slightly clavate ;

hind tarsi slightly dilated, tawny at the base; wings blackish,

darkest along the costa beyond the middle; veins black; halteres

whitish.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 43 lines.

Mexico.

Sub-Fam. ASILITES.

Genus Truranea, Macq.

Trupanea apivora.

Feem.-—Cinereo-nigra, capite subtus pilis albidis, fronte rufescente,

thorace vittis tribus indistinetis cinereis, pectore cinereo,

abdomine segmentis cinereo-marginatis, apice nigro nitido,

pedibus fulvis, coxis genubus tarsisque nigris, alis fuscescen-

tibus, venis nigris basi fulvis.

Female.—Cinereous black: head with whitish hairs beneath ;

front prominent, reddish, with pale hairs; thorax with three

indistinct cinereous bands; pectus cinereous; abdomen with a

cinereous band on the hind border of each segment, with whitish

hairs towards the base; tip black and shining; legs tawny, very

stout; coxe, knees and tarsi black; wings brownish; veins

black, tawny at the base.

Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 14 lines.

Burmah.

* This fly devours the very large black bees.”—MSS.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 283

Trupanea lateralis.

Mas.—Nigra, capite subtus pilis albidis dense vestito, fronte

fulva pilis sub-auratis, mystace aurato, thorace vittis tribus

indistinctis cinereis, lateribus pectoreque canis, abdomine

vittis duabus lateralibus latis testaceo-albidis subtus cinereo,

pedibus robustis, tibiis luteis apice nigris, alis cinereis, striga

sub-costali sub-apicali obscuriore.

Male.—Black: head tawny in front, thickly clothed with

whitish hairs beneath ; front with numerous slightly gilded hairs ;

epistoma with many gilded bristles ; thorax with three indistinct

cinereous stripes; sides and pectus hoary; abdomen with two

broad testaceous whitish stripes; underside cinereous ; legs very

stout ; tibiz luteous, with black tips; wings cinereous, with a dark

grey steak along the apical part of the costa; veins black, normal.

Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 12 lines,

Mexico.

Genus Asttus, Linn.

Asilus inamatus.

Foem.—Niger, capite albido, fronte sub-testacea setis nigris,

epistomate plano, mystace albido, thorace fasciis duabus

indistinctis cinereis, lateribus pectoreque canis, abdomine

sub-cinereo, tibiis fulvis apice nigris, alis sub-cinereis, venis

nigris.

Female.—Black : head with whitish tomentum, front with

slightly testaceous tomentum, wholly beset with black bristles;

epistoma quite flat, with some whitish bristles; thorax with two

indistinct cinereous stripes; sides and pectus hoary ; abdomen

slightly cinereous ; tibia tawny, black towards the tips, wings

greyish; veins black.

Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 7 lines.

- Mexico.

Asilus perrumpens.

Mas.—Cinereus, capite pilis subtus albis, mystace setis infe-

rioribus albidis superioribus nigris, antennis nigris, thorace

vitta lata nigricante vittam angustam cineream includente,

abdominis segmentis nigro late marginatis, pedibus robustis,

alis cinereis, halteribus albidis apice fulvis.

Male.—Cinereous : head with black bristles behind, and with

white hairs beneath ; front slightly convex towards the epistoma ;

mystax with several whitish bristles, above which are some shorter

284. Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

black bristles ; proboscis and antennze black ; thorax with a broad

blackish stripe, including a slender cinereous stripe; abdomen

with a broad black band on the fore-border of each segment,

wholly pale cinereous towards the tip; legs very stout, with pale

cinereous hairs and black spines; wings cinereous, extending

very little beyond the tip of the abdomen; veins black ; fore-fork

of the cubital vein forming a nearly right angle, which emits a

short branch; halteres whitish, with tawny knobs.

Length of the body 83 lines; of the wings 14 lines.

Mexico.

Genus Damatis, Fabr.

- Damalis signatus.

Fcem.—Testaceus, capite nigricante, epistomate plano, setis

quatuor nigris, antennis nigris, thoracis disco nigro valde

convexo, abdominis maculis lateralibus apiceque nigris, pe-

dibus fulvis validis nigro-setosis, femoribus posticis nigro-

spinosis, alis vitreis sub-luridis, venis nigris basi et apud

costam testaceis.

Female.—Testaceous: head blackish, testaceous about the base

of the proboscis; epistoma quite flat, with four black bristles;

antenne black; thorax very convex, its disk black; abdomen

black towards the tip, and with a row of black spots on each side ;

legs tawny, stout, with black bristles; hind femora with black

spines ; wings vitreous, with a slight lurid tinge; veins black,

testaceous at the base and along the costa.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 9 lines.

Burmah,

Fam. LEPTIDA.

Genus Curysopita, Macq.

Chrysopila trifasciata.

Foem.— Picea, capite pectoreque cano - tomentosis, proboscide

testaceo, antennis nigris, thorace sub-cinereo, abdomine nigro,

segmentis testaceo-marginatis, pedibus testaceis, tarsis nigri-

cantibus, alis sub-cinereis extus et apud venas obscurioribus,

stigmate nigricante, halteribus pallide testaceis apice nigris.

Female.—Piceous: head and pectus with hoary tomentum ;

proboscis testaceous; antenne black; thorax with a slight ci-

nereous tinge; abdomen black, with a testaceous band on the

hind border of each segment; legs testaceous ; tarsi blackish ;

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 285

wings greyish, dark grey along the veins and on more than one-

third of the length from the tips; stigma blackish; veins black ;

fore-fork of the cubital vein nearly rectangular and emitting a

rudimentary fork at its base; halteres pale testaceous, with black

knobs.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Mexico.

Chrysopila basalis.

Mas.—Picea, capite pectoreque cano-tomentosis, antennis nigris,

thorace vittis tribus testaceis, abdomine basi pedibusque pal-

lide testaceis, tarsis nigricantibus, alis limpidis, stigmate

magno nigricante, venis nigris.

Male.—Piceous: head and pectus with hoary tomentum; an-

tennz black; thorax with three dull testaceous stripes ; abdomen

pale testaceous at the base; legs pale testaceous ; tarsi blackish ;

wings vitreous; stigma large, blackish; veins black.

Length of the body 2? lines; of the wings 5} lines.

Mexico.

Fam. BOMBYLIDE&.

Sub-fam. ANTHRACITEs.

Genus AnTHRAX, Fabr.

Anthrax trifigurata.

Foem.—-Nigra, capite testaceo, thorace fuscescente tomentoso

setis anticis lateralibus nigris, abdomine fascia antica maculis

duabus transversis apiceque argenteis, alis sub-cinereis apud

costam fuscescentibus, fasciis quatuor nigro-fuscis e maculis

confluentibus, guttis duabus sub-apicalibus fuscis.

Group of A. Proserpina. See Dipt. Saund. 165. Female.—

Black: head with testaceous tomentum ; antenne and legs black ;

thorax with brownish tomentum, with black bristles on each side

in front; abdomen with a silvery band near the base, with a trans-

verse silvery spot on each side hindward, and with a silvery tip ;

wings slightly greyish, brownish along the costa, and with four

blackish-brown irregular bands, which are composed of confluent

spots: first band basal; second, third and fourth connected in

front; two sub-apical brown dots, the fore one much larger than

the hind one.

Length of the body 73 lines; of the wings 18 lines.

Haiti.

286 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

Genus Bomsytius, Linn,

Bombylius albavitta ?

Feem.—Fuscus, subtus testaceus albido-tomentosus, antennis

nigris, thorace vittis duabus lateralibus albidis postice con-

nexis, abdomine vitta argentea, lateribus albidis, pedibus

testaceis, tarsis nigris, alis antice fuscis postice sub-cinereis.

Bombylius albavitta? Macq. Dipt. Exot. Suppl. 1850, 421,

54, pl. 11, f. 5. HKemale.—Brown testaceous, and with whitish

tomentum beneath: head whitish beneath; proboscis a little

longer than the breadth of the head; antennz black, slender ;

thorax with two whitish lateral stripes, which are united behind

the scutellum ; abdomen with a silvery stripe, whitish along each

side; legs testaceous ; tarsi black ; wings brown in front, greyish

hindward, the grey part occupying the tips, but not extending to

the base of the hind border.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 9 lines.

Australia.

Bombylius furiosus.

Mas.—Ater, pilis nigris dense vestitus, thorace fascia antica

lata testacea, abdomine pilis lateralibus late rufis, alis sub-

cinereis basi nigris apud costam sub-fuscescentibus.

Male.—Deep black, thickly clothed with black hairs: thorax

with a broad testaceous band in front; sides of the abdomen with

bright red hairs, which do not extend to the tip; wings slightly

greyish, black at the base, slightly brownish along the costa for

two-thirds of the length; veins black.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Natal.

Fam. EMPID.

Genus Hysos, Fabr.

Hybos vittatus.

Mas.—Niger, thorace vittis quatuor cinereis, pedibus testaceis,

tibiis posticis femoribusque nigris, illis et femoribus anticis

apice testaceis, tarsis apice nigris, alis nigricantibus, maculis

duabus costalibus cinereis, stigmate venisque nigris.

Male.—Black: proboscis slender, porrect ; third joint of the

antennze almost round; arista about twice the length of the rest

of the antenna; thorax with four cinereous stripes; legs testa-

ceous; coxz, femora and hind tibie black, the latter and the fore

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 287

femora testaceous towards the tips; tarsi with black tips; wings

blackish, with a cinereous spot on each side of the stigma, which

is black ; veins black.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Natal.

Fam. DOLICHOPID A.

Genus Psitorus, Meig.

Psilopus solidus.

Foem.—Cyaneo-viridis, robustus, subtus albido-tomentosus, an-

tennis pedibusque nigris, abdominis lateribus basi cupreis,

alis sub-cinereis, fasciis duabus (1* media lata, 2# apicali latis-

sima) nigris antice connexis, halteribus testaceis.

Female.—Bright bluish-green, stout, with whitish tomentum

beneath: antennz and legs black; abdomen bright cupreous on

each side at the base; wings slightly greyish, with a broad black

band in the middle and a very broad apical black band, the two

bands connected in front; fore branch of the prebrachial vein

almost rectangular ; discal transverse vein straight, oblique; hal-

teres dull testaceous.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Mexico.

Psilopus peractus.

Fem.—Viridis, robustus, subtus albido-tomentosus, capite

cyaneo, antennis pedibus halteribusque nigris, abdomine

zeneo-viridi, alis sub-cinereis, venis nigris.

Female.—Green, stout, with whitish tomentum beneath ; head

blue; antennee and legs black; abdomen neous green; wings

greyish; veins black; fore-branch of the prebrachial vein ob-

tusely rectangular; discal transverse vein oblique, almost straight ;

halteres black.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 4 lines,

Mexico. ;

Psilopus hereticus.

Feem.—Purpureo-niger, latus, nitens, subtus albido-tomentosus,

capite antennis pedibusque nigris, abdomine nigricante pur-

pureo, alis sub-cinereis, venis nigris.

Female.—Purplish-black, broad, shining, with whitish tomentum

beneath: head, antenne and legs black, the latter rather stout;

thorax rather thickly beset with black bristles ; abdomen blackish-

purple; wings slightly greyish; veins black ; fore-branch of the

288 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

prebrachial vein rectangular, but with the angle somewhat

rounded ; discal transverse vein oblique, nearly straight.

Length of the body 1? lines; of the wings 33 lines.

Mexico.

Psilopus permodicus.

Mas.—Aureo-viridis, gracillimus, antennis pedibusque flave-

scente albis, alis limpidis, venis halteribusque pallidis.

Male.—Golden-green, very slender: antenne and legs yel-

lowish-white ; wings limpid; veins pale; fore-branch of the pre-

brachial vein obtusely rectangular ; discal transverse vein oblique,

straight; halteres very pale.

Length of the body 1? line; of the wings 4 lines.

Mexico.

Fam. SYRPHIDZ.

Genus Certa, Fabr.

Ceria cacica.

Fom.—Nigra, nitens, capite antico pectoreque albido-tomen-

tosis, scutello albido, abdominis segmentis albido-marginatis,

femoribus albido-strigatis, alis nigris postice cinereis, hal-

teribus albidis.

Female.—Black, shining: head with a triangular patch of

shining whitish tomentum on each side in front ; antennze longer

than the breadth of the head; first and second joints equal in

length ; third elongate-fusiform, much longer than the second ;

scutellum whitish ; pectus with two whitish patches on each side ;

abdomen with a whitish band on the hind border of the first,

second and third segments; band of the third segment very

narrow ; femora with whitish streaks, those of the hind femora

very short ; wings black, greyish along the hind border; halteres

whitish.

Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 13 lines.

Mexico,

Genus Paracus, Meig.

Paragus signatus.

-/Eneo-niger, capite albido, vitt& antica fuscd nitente,

antennis nigris, thoracis lateribus pectoreque testaceo-tomen-

tosis, abdomine testaceo vittis duabus lituraque nigris, pedi-

bus testaceis, femoribus tibiisque posticis nigro-fasciatis, alis

sub-cinereis fusco-sub-trifasciatis, halteribus testaceis.

Female.—Eneous-black ; head with whitish tomentum; front

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 289

somewhat elongated, with a shining brown stripe; proboscis long,

black ; antennez black; pectus and sides of the thorax with dull

testaceous tomentum; abdomen testaceous above, with a black

stripe on each side and a much arched black dorsal mark, which

emits two black lines, hindward; underside testaceous at the

base; legs testaceous; hind femora and hind tibie with a black

band on each; wings greyish, with three brownish irregular

bands ; first band in the middle, abbreviated hindward and in-

terrupted ; second and third connected; halteres testaceous.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

Natal.

Genus EristTatis, Latr.

Eristalis transpositus.

Mas et Foem.—Cyaneo-viridis, nitens, capite antico nigro, la-

teribus aldo-tomentosis, antennis tarsisque nigris, abdominis

apice cupreo, alis nigricantibus postice limpidis.

Male and Female.—Bluish-green, shining: head black in front,

where there is white shining tomentum on each side; antenne

black ; abdomen bright cupreous at the tip; tarsi black; wings

blackish on the fore half, limpid on the hind border.

Length of the body 7}—83 lines; of the wings 16 lines.

Burmah.

Eristalis impositus.

Foem.—Niger, capite fuscescente antice testaceo, callo fusco,

thorace vittis quatuor testaceis, scutello lurido, abdomine

atro-velutino, maculis quatuor maximis lateralibus fasciaque

tenui arcuata flavis, lineis tribus transversis apiceque nigro-

chalybeis nitentibus, pedibus halteribusque testaceis, tibiis

tarsisque posticis femoribusque nigris, alis sub-cinereis.

Female—Black : head with brownish tomentum above, with

pale shining testaceous tomentum in front, excepting the shining

brown callus ; antennz black ; thorax with four testaceous stripes ;

scutellum lurid; abdomen deep velvet-black, with two very large

yellow spots on each side, the fore pair larger than the hind pair,

beyond which latter there is a slender arched yellow band;

three chalybeous black, shining, transverse lines ; tip also shining ;

legs testaceous; femora black, with testaceous tips; hind tibiae

black; hind tarsi black, except at the base; wings slightly

greyish; veins black ; halteres testaceous.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Haiti.

290 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

Eristalis famiharis.

Mas.—Ater, capite albo, antennis pedibusque nigris, thorace

lineis duabus anticis transversis maculisque quatuor posticis

elongatis chalybeis, scutelli margine postico nitente, abdo-

mine lituris duabus basalibus transversis albis maculisque

quatuor magnis lateralibus flavis, tibiis piceis, alis limpidis

basi nigricantibus.

Male.—Deep black: head shining, with white shining to-

mentum behind and on each side in front; antennee and legs

black ; thorax with a transverse chalybeous line on each side in

front and with four elongated chalybeous spots hindward, the

outer pair near the base of the fore-wings ; scutellum shining on

the hind border ; abdomen with a white shining transverse mark

on each side at the base, and with two large yellow spots on each

side ; tibia piceous; wings limpid, blackish at the base; veins

black.

Length of the body 43 lines; of the wings 83 lines.

Mexico.

Eristalis expictus.

Mas.—Niger, capite albo, callo, antennis pedibusque nigris,

thorace fascia antica interrupta testacea, scutello flavo, ab-

domine flavo linea transversa basali vittaque angulosa nigris,

tibiis tarsisque posterioribus basi genubusque testaceis, alis

limpidis basi nigricantibus.

Male.—Black : head in front white and shining, except the

black shining callus; antenne and legs black; thorax in front

with a testaceous band, which is widely interrupted in the middle

and somewhat dilated on each side; scutellum yellow ; abdomen

yellow, with a black transverse line at the base and a black stripe,

which is dilated on the hind border of each segment and at the

tip ; posterior tibize and tarsi towards the base and knees tes-

taceous ; wings limpid, blackish at the base; veins black.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

Mexico.

Eristalis basiger.

Fem.—Fulvus, capite testaceo, thorace vittis tribus anticis

duabusque posticis lineisque duabus transversis testaceis,

scutelli margine testaceo, abdominis basi testaceé maculam

transversam fuscam includente, segmentorum marginibus

posticis testaceis, alis limpidis vitta antica fusca.

Female.—Tawny : head with a testaceous shining stripe on each

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 291

side between the eyes; underside testaceous; thorax in front

with three testaceous stripes, and on each side with a transverse

testaceous line which joins the lateral stripe; hind part of the

thorax with a stripe on each side and the border of the scutellum

testaceous ; hind borders of the abdominal segments testaceous ;

base testaceous, including a transverse brown spot; wings limpid,

with a brown front stripe, which is sub-costal for more than half

the length, costal from thence almost to the tips.

Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 83 lines.

Amazon Region.

Eristalis involvens.

Feem.—Niger, nitens, thorace cinereo obscuro vittis quatuor

nigris, alis cinereis strigd transvers4é media nigr4, alulis

sordide albidis margine obscuriore.

Female.—Cinereous, dull: head, antenne, scutellum, abdomen

and legs black, shining ; thorax with four black stripes, the in-

terior stripes more slender than the outer and united hindward ;

wings grey, with a black streak in the middle across the fore half;

veins black ; alule dingy whitish, with darker borders.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

Genus Xytora, Meig.

Xylota subcostalis.

Fom.—Nigra, nitens, capite pectoreque cinereis, thorace vittis

quatuor cinereis, pilis lateralibus sub-auratis, abdomine lan-

ceolato, genubus ferrugineis, femoribus posticis crassis, tibiis

posticis arcuatis, alis sub-cinereis vitta antica nigra, halteribus

albidis.

Female.—Black, shining: head with cinereous tomentum on

each side in front; antennz seated on a tubercle; third joint

elongate-conical, as long as the first and the second together ;

thorax with four cinereous stripes, and on each side with slightly

gilded hairs; pectus cinereous; abdomen lanceolate ; knees fer-

ruginous ; hind femora thick ; hind tibiz curved; wings greyish,

with a black stripe which is sub-costal for full half the length,

and costal from thence nearly to the tip; veins black; halteres

whitish.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

Mexico.

292) Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

Genus VotuceLta, Geoffr.

Volucella aperta.

Mas.—Picea, nitens, capite fulvo macula frontali piced, antennis

ferrugineis, thorace vittis duabus lateralibus fulvis valde in-

distinctis, scutello fulvo, abdomine testaceo apice nigro, alis

cinereis, venulis transversis mediis nebulosis.

Male.—Piceous, shining: head tawny, with a piceous spot on

the front; epistoma very prominent; antenne ferruginous, seated

on a small tubercle, which is beset with short black bristles ;

thorax with a very indistinct tawny stripe on each side; scutellum

tawny ; abdomen testaceous, black towards the tip; legs tawny;

tarsi black towards the tips ; wings grey; veins black; transverse

veinlets in the middle somewhat clouded.

Length of the body 53 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

Mexico.

Genus TeMnoceRA, St. Farg. et Serv.

Temnocera viridula.

Mas.—Testaceo-viridis, nitens, antennis testaceis, thorace ma-

culis duabus magnis (una anuca, altera postic&) nigricanti-

bus, scutello abdominisque segmentis viridibus, nigro-mar-

ginatis, tibiis tarsisque nigris, alis sub-cinereis, gutta costali

nigra.

Male.—Testaceous-green, shining: antenne testaceous ; thorax

with a large blackish spot in front and another on the hind border ;

scutellum green, its hind border and the metathorax black ; ab-

domen green, its segments with black borders; tibiz and tarsi

black; wings greyish, a little darker exteriorly ; a black dot on

the costa beyond the middle; veins black.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines,

Mexico.

Temnocera unilecta,

Feem.—Nigra, nitens, non lata, antennis piceo-nigris, thorace

nigricante cupreo, tarsis posterioribus basi ferrugineis, alis

cinereo-fuscis basi pallidioribus, venulis transversis nigro-

nebulosis, halteribus apice niveis.

Female.—Black, shining, not broad: epistoma very prominent ;

antennz piceous-black ; thorax blackish-cupreous ; posterior tarsi

ferruginous at the base; wings cinereous-brown, paler towards

the base; veins black ; transverse veinlets clouded with black ;

halteres with white knobs.

Length of the body 3} lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Mexico.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 293

Genus Syrruus, Fabr.

Syrphus colludens.

Foem.—Niger, sat gracilis, capite lato nitente antice testaceo,

fronte nigro-vittata, antennis ferrugineis, thorace vittis duabus

lateralibus interruptis flavis, scutello pallide luteo, abdomine

lineari fasciis quatuor excavatis (1* interrupta) pallide luteis,

guttis duabus basalibus flavis, segmentis chalybeo-margi-

natis, femoribus tibiisque anterioribus testaceis, alis sub-

cinereis angustis.

Female.—Black, rather slender: head broad, shining, testaceous

in front and beneath; front with a black stripe; antenne ferru-

ginous; thorax with a yellow interrupted stripe on each side;

scutellum pale luteous; abdomen linear, with four pale luteous

bands ; first band interrupted ; second, third and fourth excavated

on the hind side; hind borders of the segments chalybeous, a

yellow dot on each side at the base; anterior femora and tibiz

testaceous, the former black at the base; wings greyish, narrow ;

veins black.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

Mexico.

Fam. CONOPIDA.

Genus Conoprs, Linn.

Conops bipunctata ?

Feem.—Ferruginea, argenteo-tomentosa, capite guttis duabus

nigris, abdomine sub-clavato basi supra nigricante, tibiis

tarsisque nigris, alis obscure cinereis, halteribus testaceis.

Conops bipunctatus 2? Loew, Bericht Verhandl. Kon. Preuss.

Akad. Wissensch. Berl. 1852, 659, 18. Female.—Ferruginous,

with silvery tomentum: head with a black dot on each side be-

tween the eyes; third joint of the antennz lanceolate, with a short

apical seta; abdomen gradually deepening from the base to the

tip, blackish above towards the base ; tibize and tarsi black ; wings

dark grey; veins black; halteres testaceous,

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 9 lines.

Loew’s description is from a Mozambique specimen, and differs

somewhat from the character of the insect here described,

The above author, in the “ Archiv fur Naturgeschichte (1857),”

page 137, divides Africa into seven entomological districts; the

first with Egypt, Nubia and Abyssinia ; the second, or the whole

northern coast from Tripolis to Morocco; the third, or the Western

294 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

Islands; the fourth, or the west coast from Senegambia to Ben-

guela; the fifth, or the coast from the Cape eastward ; the sixth,

or the Eastern Islands; the seventh from Mozambique to Bab-el-

Mandeb. He reckons the number of Dipterous species therein to

be as follows :—

North-east district .............. 200 species.

Northnucoast2se sce sso amore Le BOO =e,

Western Islands ‘slc%icnisw coe canes 180 4,,

Wrest Coast) > .iccjeie sie «cities oe 2OO0R =

Southicoast,)s c.cis meow syeieinin ae woe OO nas

Hastert [slands: <2 Jone asc wweinsres«, LUO TG: gy

BASE CGASG 5 o-ciehs ems, jane se Sates DOs ass

He describes the following species of Stratiomide, all new with

the exception of the first, the eighth and the fourteenth, which

last may prove to be identical with Péizlocera Natalensis.

SARGINA.

1. Plecticus elongatus, Guinea, Cape, Caffraria.

Musca elongata, Fabr.

Sargus posticus, Wied.

2. Chrysonotus flavomarginatus, Mauritius.

3. Chrysomyia bella, Cape.

4, Microchrysa circumscripta, Caffraria.

5. $5 scutellaris, Caffraria.

OponTOMYINA.

6. Odontomyia quadrinotata, Mozambique.

7. 4 adusta, Caffraria.

8. 4, frontalis (Macq.), Cape.

9. Nemotelus dissimilis, Caffraria.

10. es hemorrhous, Caffraria.

11. Oxycera nubifera, Caffraria.

12. Ephippium maculipenne, Guinea.

PAacHYGASTRINA.

13. Sternobrithes (n. g.) tumidus, Guinea, Caffraria.

14, Ptilocera quadrilineata, Sierra Leone, Caffraria.

Stratiomys quadrilineata, Fabr.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 295

Fam. MUSCIDE.

Dive -C ALY P TB RAS,

Sub-fam. Tacuinipes.

Genus Ecutnomyi1A, Dumeril.

ees (

Echinomyia ludens. > Care -

Feem.—Testacea, nigro-setosa, capite albo supra sub-aurato,

antennis fulvis, articulo 3° elongato apice nigro-truncato,

thorace sub-aurato vittis quatuor fuscescentibus, abdominis

apice nigro, pedibus fulvis, tarsis apice nigricantibus, alis

cinereis, alulis lurido-cinereis, halteribus testaceis.

Female.—Testaceous, with stout black bristles: head slightly -

gilded above; white in front and beneath; epistoma prominent ;

proboscis black; antennz tawny; third joint longer than the

second, increasing in breadth towards the tip, which is black and

truncated ; arista black, stout; thorax slightly gilded, with four

brownish stripes; abdomen black at the tip; legs tawny; tarsi

blackish towards the tips; wings grey; veins black, tawny at the

base; prebrachial vein forming a right angle at its flexure, near

which it is curved, and is thence straight to its tip; discal trans-

verse vein hardly curved outward, parted by a little less than its

length from the border and by much less than its length from the

flexure of the prebrachial; alula cinereous, with a lurid tinge ;

halteres testaceous.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Brazil.

i eeiied

Echinomyia albiceps.

Mas.—Nigra, cinereo-tomentosa nigro-setosa, capite argenteo,

frontalibus fulvis, palpis testaceis, antennis nigris ex parte

ferrugineis, articulis 2° et 3° equalibus, hoc valde convexo,

thorace subvittato, scutello sub-ferrugineo, abdomine ferru-

gineo-piceo, alis cinereis, alulis albido-cinereis.

Male.—Black, with cinereous tomentum and black bristles:

head silvery-white in front and beneath; frontalia tawny, widen-

ing in front; epistoma slightly prominent; proboscis shining ;

palpi testaceous, rather long and slender; antenne black, partly

ferruginous ; third joint very convex above, as long as the second ;

thorax indistinctly striped; scutellum somewhat ferruginous ;

abdomen [erruginous-piceous, shining, a little broader but hardly

longer than the thorax; legs black; wings grey; veins black,

testaceous at the base; praebrachial vein forming a hardly obtuse

206) Mir: E. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

angle at its base, near which it is slightly curved inward, and is

thence straight to its tip; discal transverse vein nearly straight,

parted by a little less than its length from the border, and by

hardly more than half its length from the flexure of the pra-

brachial; alulze whitish cinereous.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Brazil.

wo bhecg .

Genus Jurinia, Desvoidy.

Jurinia debitrix.

Fom.—Nigra, nigro-setosa, capite testaceo, frontalibus ferru-

gineis, palpis testaceis, antennis piceo-nigris, articulis 2° et 3°

sub-zequalibus, thorace cinereo vittis vix conspicuis nigris,

lateribus scutelloque ferrugineis, abdomine ferrugineo spinis

plurimis nigris armato, alis angustis fuscescente cinereis, basi

fulvis.

Female.— Black, with numerous black bristles: head testaceous

in front and beneath; frontalia ferruginous ; epistoma very pro-

minent, with a few black bristles on each side; palpi testaceous ;

antenne piceous-black ; third joint elongate, oval, as long as the

second; arista much longer than the third joint; thorax with

cinereous tomentum, and with very indistinct black. stripes, its

sides and the scutellum dark ferruginous; abdomen dark ferru-

ginous, much broader than the thorax, very thickly beset with

black spines; legs bristly; wings narrow, brownish cinereous,

tawny at the base; veins black, mostly tawny towards the base;

prebrachial vein forming a right well-defined angle, with the

usual inward curve, and thence nearly straight to its tip, which is

at some distance in front of the tip of the wing; discal transverse

vein long, oblique, hardly undulating, parted by much less than

its length from the border, and from the flexure of the pree-

brachial; alule dark cinereous.

Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 13 lines.

Mexico.

Jurinia innovata.

Foem.— Nigro-cyanea, setosa, valida, capite zneo-viridi albo-

tomentoso, frontalibus atris, palpis antennisque nigris, horum

articulo 3° basi ferrugineo, ariste dimidio basali robusto, ab-

domine spinis duabus mediis plurimisque apicalibus, pedibus

nigris, alis obscure cinereis gutt& basali nigricante, vena

transversa preebrachiali nigro-nebulosa, alulis nigricantibus.

Female.—Dark blue, bristly, stout: head geneous green, white

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 297

in front and beneath; frontalia deep black, widening in front;

facialia without bristles ; epistoma hardly prominent; palpi black ;

antennz black, not reaching the epistoma; third joint ferruginous

at the base, convex above, rounded at the tip, a little longer than

the second ; arista stout for nearly half its length; scutellum with

very long stout bristles; abdomen with two spines in the middle

and many towards the tip; legs stout, black; wings dark grey,

with a blackish spot near the base; veins black; preebrachial

transverse vein clouded with black; preebrachial vein forming

aright angle, very slightly curved from thence to its tip, which

is somewhat in front of the tip of the wing; discal transverse

vein hardly undulating, parted by a little less than its length from

the border, and by hardly more than half its length from the

flexure of the preebrachial; alule blackish.

Length of the body 43 lines; of the wings 9 lines.

Mexico.

Genus Nemor@a, Desv.

Nemorea intrita.

Fom.— Nigra, robusta, pilosa, capite albido-testaceo, frontalibus

piceis, palpis fulvis clavatis, antennarum articulo 3° obtuso,

arista valida, thorace cinereo non vittato, abdomine nitente,

alis obscure cinereis, vena preebrachiali angulum rectum fin-

gente, vena transversa discali subrecta, alulis nigricantibus.

Female.—Black, stout, pilose: head whitish testaceous, cine-

reous above; frontalia piceous; facialia without bristles ; epistoma

rather prominent ; palpi tawny, clavate; antenne nearly extending

to the epistoma; third joint obtuse at the tip, a little longer and

broader than the second; arista stout, gradually tapering, very

much longer than the third joint; thorax with cinereous tomentum,

not striped; scutellum with very long bristles ; abdomen shining,

spinose towards the tip; wings dark grey, blackish towards the

base; veins black; praebrachial vein forming a right angle at its

flexure, near which it is slightly curved, and is thence straight to

its tip, which is at some distance in front of the tip of the wing ;

discal transverse vein nearly straight, parted by much less than its

length from the border, and by little more than half its length

from the flexure of the preebrachial ; alulee blackish.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Mexico.

VOL. V. N. S. PART VIII.—FEB. 1861. 5:<

298 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

Nemorea erythropus.

Feem.—Nigra, robusta, cinereo-tomentosa, capite albido, fron-

talibus nigris, facialibus et epistomate testaceis, antennis rufis,

articulo 3° nigro longissimo, thorace vittis quatuor nigris,

abdomine cyanescente-nigro cinereo-tessellato subtus rufe-

scente, pedibus rufescente fulvis, tarsis nigris, alis sub-cinereis,

alulis cinereis.

Female.—Black, stout, with cinereous tomentum: head whitish

in front and beneath; frontalia black, linear, the bristles on each

side extending to half the length of the face; facialia testaceous,

without bristles; epistoma testaceous, not prominent; antennze

nearly reaching the epistoma; first and second joints red; third

linear, black, about four times the length of the second; arista

stout for nearly half the length from the base; thorax with four

black stripes; abdomen bluish-black, tesselated with cinereous ;

underside reddish, except at the tip; legs reddish, tawny ; tarsi

black; wings greyish; veins black, testaceous towards the base

and along the costa; prebrachial vein forming a rounded and

slightly obtuse angle at its flexure, near which it is hardly curved,

and is thence straight to its tip; discal transverse vein slightly

curved inward, parted by less than its length from the flexure of

the prebrachial, and by much less than its length from the border ;

alule cinereous.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings § lines.

T aapanlie

Genus Evricaster, Macq.

Eurigaster saginata.

Foem.—Nigra, valida, sub-cylindrica, capite albo, frontalibus

latis ferrugineis, palpis fulvis, antennarum articulo 8° clavato

truncato basi ferrugineo, arista valida, thoracis vittis tribus

lateribus pectoreque cinereis, abdominis segmentis cinereo

late fasciatis, pedibus validis setosis, alis sub-cinereis “basi

obscurioribus, vena preebrachiali angulum rectum fingente,

vend transvers4 discali sub-recta, alulis albidis.

Female.—Black, stout, nearly cylindrical : head white, excepting

the vertex, which is black, and with stout bristles; frontalia broad,

ferruginous, hardly widening in front; facialia without bristles ;

epistoma prominent; palpi tawny; antenne just reaching the

epistoma; third joint ferruginous at the base, widening to the tip,

which is truncated; arista stout; thorax with three cinereous

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 299

stripes; sides and pectus cinereous; abdomen longer than the

thorax, with a broad cinereous band on the fore-border of each

segment; two spines on the disk and a few towards the tip; legs

stout, setose; wings greyish, a little darker at the base and along

the costa; veins black; praebrachial vein forming a right angle

at its flexure, hardly curved from thence to its tip, which is much

in front of the tip of the wing; discal transverse vein almost

straight, parted by much more than half its length from the

border, and by a little more than half its length from the flexure

of the prebrachial ; alula whitish.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

Mexico.

Eurigaster desita.

Fcem.—N igra, robusta, setosa, cinereo-tomentosa, capite argenteo,

frontalibus piceis, palpis fulvis, antennarum articulo 3° lon-

gissimo, abdominis apice aurato, pedibus validis, alis alulisque

nigro-cinereis.

Female.— Black, stout, setose, slightly covered with cinereous

tomentum: head silvery-white, with the exception of the vertex ;

frontalia piceous ; facialia bristly along most of the length; palpi

tawny; antennz extending to the epistoma, which is very slightly

prominent; third joint six times longer than the second; arista

stout, slightly tapering, a little longer than the third joint; scu-

tellum with many long stout bristles ; abdomen pale, gilded at the

tip; legs stout; wings and alule blackish-grey; veins black;

prebrachial vein forming a right angle at its flexure, slightly

curved from thence to its tip, which is at a little in front of the

tip of the wing; discal transverse vein forming an obtuse angle

near its base, straight from thence to its tip, parted by half its

length from the border, and from the flexure of the praebrachial.

Length of the body 43 lines; of the wings 83 lines.

Mexico.

Eurigaster commetans.

Feem.—Nigra, robusta, capite aurato, frontalibus atris, palpis

fulvis, antennarum articulo 2° rufescente, 3° longo apice

rotundato, ariste triente basali valido, thorace sub-aurato

Vittis quinque nigris, pectore cinereo, abdomine sub-aurato,

basi et segmentorum marginibus nigris, alis cinereis, costa

strigisque apud venas obscurioribus, vena prebrachiali an-

gulum obtusum fingente, vend discali transversd angulum

obtusum fingente, alulis obscure cinereis.

Female.—Black, stout, slightly setose: head gilded, paler be-

x 2

300 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

neath; frontalia deep black, widening much in front; facialia

without bristles; epistoma hardly prominent ; palpi tawny ; an-

tennz not reaching the epistoma; second joint reddish; third

linear, rounded at the tip, full four times the length of the

second; arista stout for about one-third of its Jength, rather

longer than the third joint ; thorax slightly gilded, brighter along

each side, with five black stripes; pectus cinereous; abdomen

very slightly gilded, black at the base and beneath and along the

hind borders of the segments ; wings grey, darker along the costa

for two-thirds of the length, and with some dark streaks along the

black veins; prebrachial vein forming an obtuse angle at its

flexure, very slightly curved inward from thence to its tip, which

is at a little in front of the tip of the wing; discal transverse vein

forming an obtuse angle at one-third of its length, parted by more

than half its length from the border and from the flexure of the

preebrachial ; alule dark cinereous.

Length of the body 43 lines; of the wings 9 lines.

Mexico.

Eurigaster fertoria.

Foem.—Nigra, valida, capite aurato, frontalibus atris, antenna-

rum articulo 8° longo, ariste triente basali robusto, thorace

subaurato, vittis quatuor nigris, pectore cinereo, abdomine

ovato, segmentis cinereo-fasciatis, alis sub-cinereis basi ob-

scurioribus, vena preebrachiali angulum perobtusum subro-

tundatum fingente, vena discali transvers4 intus subarcuata:

alulis sordide albidis.

Female —Black, stout: head gilded; frontalia deep black,

widening in front; facialia without bristles except towards the

frontalia ; epistoma not prominent; antenne nearly reaching the

epistoma; third joint linear, slender, about four times the length

of the second ; arista very much longer than the third joint, stout

for about one-third of its length; thorax slightly gilded, with

four black stripes; pectus cinereous ; abdomen oval, with a broad

cinereous band on the fore border of each segment; legs with

rather small bristles ; wings slightly greyish, darker at the base;

veins black; praebrachial vein forming a very obtuse and some-

what rounded angle at its flexure, very slightly curved inward

from thence to its tip, which is at a little in front of the tip of the

wing ; discal transverse vein straight, excepting an inward curve

near its hind end, parted by a little less than its length from the

border and from the flexure of the preebrachial; alule dingy

whitish.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 7} lines.

Mexico.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 301

Eurigaster postica,

Foem.—Nigra, lata, capite albido, frontalibus atris, antennarum

articulo 3° longo, aristee dimidio basali valido, thorace

cinereo vittis quatuor nigris, scutello postico rufescente,

abdomine ovato, lateribus rufescentibus, segmentis cinereo-

fasciatis, alis sub-cinereis, basi obscurioribus, vena praebra-

chiali angustum sub-obtusum fingente, vena discali trausversa

intus vix arcuata, alulis albis.

Female.—Black, broad: head whitish; frontalia deep black,

slightly widening in front, beset with bristles which extend along

one-third of the facialia; epistoma not prominent; antenne

almost reaching the epistoma; third joint linear, about four times

the length of the second; arista stout for half the length, very

much longer than the third joint; thorax with cinereous tomentum,

and with four slight black stripes ; scutellum reddish hindward ;

abdomen oval, reddish on each side, with a broad irregular cine-

reous band on the fore border of each segment ; wings greyish,

darker at the base ; veins black; prebrachial vein forming a very

slightly obtuse angle at its flexure, near which it is very slightly

curved inward, and is thence straight to its tip, which is rather far

in front of the tip of the wing; discal transverse vein hardly

curved inward near its hind end, parted by hardly more than half

its length from the border, and by somewhat less than its length

from the flexure of the preebrachial ; alule white.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Mexico.

Eurigaster habilis.

Fom.—Nigra, robusta, cinereo-tomentosa, capite albido, fronta-

libus atris antice latescentibus, palpis fulvis, antennis epistoma

attingentibus, thorace viitis quatuor indistinctis nigris, scutello

et abdominis lateribus ferrugineis, pedibus validis, alis cinereis,

vena prebrachiali angulum sub-obtusum sub-rotundatum

fingente intus apicem versus valdé arcuata, vena transversa

discali recta, alulis sordide albidis.

Female.—Black, stout, with cinereous tomentum : head whitish ;

frontalia deep black, widening in front ; facialia with a few bristles

towards the frontalia; epistoma not prominent; palpi tawny;

antenne reaching the epistoma; 3rd joint about four times the

length of the 2nd; arista slender, more stout towards the base,

very much longer than the 3rd joint; thorax with four indistinct

black stripes; scutellum and sides of the abdomen ferruginous ;

legs stout ; wings grey; veins black; preebrachial vein forming a

302 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

slightly obtuse and somewhat rounded angle at its flexure, much

curved inward from thence to its tip, which is at some distance in

front of the tip of the wing ; discal transverse vein straight, parted

by somewhat less than its length from the border and from the

flexure of the prebrachial ; alulze dingy whitish.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines,

Mexico.

Genus Masicera, Macq.

Masicera disputans.

Mas.—Nigra, gracilis, setosa, capite albo, frontalibus peran-

gustis, palpis ferrugineis, antennarum articulo 3° longo

gracili, aristé tenui, thorace cinereo vittis duabus angustis

nigris, pectore albido, abdomine tenuissimo, segmentis albido-

fasciatis, lateribus basi sub-rufescentibus, pedibus longius-

culis, alis obscure cinereis apud costam nigricantibus, vena

prebrachiali angulum perobtusum fingente, vena discali

transversa sub-undulata.

Male.— Black, slender, bristly: head white; vertex black ;

front prominent ; frontalia very narrow, widening in front ;

facialia without bristles; epistoma not prominent; palpi ferru-

ginous ; antenne almost reaching the epistoma ; third joint slender,

linear, rounded at the tip, about four times the length of the

second; arista very slender, except near the base, nearly twice

the length of the third joint; thorax cinereous, with two slender

black stripes; pectus whitish; abdomen very slender, with a

whitish band on the fore border of each segment ; slightly reddish

on each side towards the base; legs rather long and slender ;

wings dark grey, blackish along the costa; veins black; pre-

brachial vein forming a very obtuse angle at its flexure, straight

from thence to its tip, which is at a little in front of the tip of the

‘wing ; discal transverse vein slightly undulating, parted by much

less than its length from the border and by a little less than its

length from the flexure of the preebrachial ; alulee cinereous.

Length of the body 34 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

Mexico.

Masicera gentica.

Mas.—Nigra, gracilis, capite albido, frontalibus atris, anten-

narum articulo 3° longo apice obtuso, aristé gracili, thorace

cinereo vittis quatuor nigris, abdominis segmentis cinereo-

fasciatis, pedibus longiusculis, alis cinereis, vena prebrachiali

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 3038

angulum perobtusum sub-rotundatum fingente, vend discali

transversa intus arcuata, alulis albidis.

Male.—Black, slender, bristly : head whitish; frontalia deep

black, narrow ; facialia without bristles; epistoma not prominent ;

antenne reaching the epistoma; third joint slender, linear, some-

what obtuse at the tip, more than four times the length of the

second ; arista very slender, stout for about one-fifth of the

length, very much longer than the third joint; thorax cinereous,

with four distinct black stripes; abdomen longer than the thorax,

with a broad complete cinereous band on the fore border of each

segment ; apical half with long slender spines ; legs rather long ;

wings grey ; veins black; preebrachial vein forming a very obtuse

and somewhat rounded angle at its flexure, almost straight from

thence to its tip, which is somewhat in front of the tip of the

wing ; discal transverse vein curved inward near its hind end,

parted by much less than its length from the border, and by a

little less than its length from the flexure of the preebrachial ;

alule whitish, large. ;

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Mexico.

Masicera necopina.

Feem.—Nigra, sat gracilis, capite albido, frontalibus atris, an-

tennarum articulo 8° longo, apice rotundato, arista gracili,

thorace albido vittis quatuor nigris, abdomine ovato, seg-

mentis albido-fasciatis, apice rufescente, alis cinereis basi

nigricantibus, vend preebrachiali angulum sub-obtusum fin-

gente, verA transversa discali undulata, alulis albis.

Female.—Black, rather slender ; head white ; vertex cinereous ;

frontalia- deep black, linear; facialia without bristles; epistoma

not prominent; antenne reaching the epistoma; third joint more

than four times the length of the second, slightly widening from

the base to the tip, which is rounded; arista slender along the

whole length, much longer than the third joint ; thorax and pectus

whitish, the former with four black stripes; abdomen oval, with

a whitish band on the fore border of each segment; tip reddish,

with some black spines; wings grey, blackish towards the base ;

veins black; prabrachial vein forming a very slightly obtuse

angle at its flexure, very slighdy curved inward from thence to its

tip, which is at somewhat in front of the tip of the wing; discal

transverse vein undulating, parted by less than its length from the

border and from the flexure of the preebrachial ; alule white.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

Mexico.

304 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

Masicera excpergita.

Mas.—Nigra, gracilis, capite albo, frontalibus angustis atris,

antennarum articulo 3° longo, arista gracili, thorace sub-

cinereo, abdomine cylindrico maculis lateralibus albis, alis

nigricante cinereis, vena praebrachiali angulum perobtusum

fingente, vend transversa discali recta,

Male.—Black, slender: head white; frontalia narrow, deep

black ; facialia without bristles; epistoma not prominent; an-

tenne nearly reaching the epistoma; third joint slender, linear,

about four times the length of the second; arista slender, stout at

the base, very much longer than the third joint; thorax slightly

cinereous ; abdomen cylindrical, longer and a little narrower than

the thorax, bristly except towards the base, with white spots

along each side; legs slender ; wings blackish-grey ; praebrachial

vein forming a very obtuse angle at its flexure, hardly curved

from thence to its tip, which is very little in front of the tip of

the wing; discal transverse vein straight, parted by much less

than its length from the border, and by very much more than its

length from the flexure, of the preebrachial ; alule large, whitish.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 43 lines.

Mexico.

Mastcera alacris.

Feem.—Nigra, cinereo-tomentosa, capite albo, frontalibus nigris,

antennarum articulo 2° rufescente, 3° longissimo, thorace

lineis quatuor nigris, abdomine ovato sub-tessellato, seg-

mentorum marginibus postjcis nigris, alis cinereis, alulis

albido-cinereis. ;

Female.—Black, with cinereous tomentum: head shining white

in front and beneath; frontalia black, narrow, linear, with lateral

bristles, which do not extend along the face; facialia without

bristles; epistoma not prominent; eyes bare; antennz nearly

reaching the epistoma; second joint reddish; third linear, about

four times the length of the second; arista stout for about one-

fourth of the length from the base ; thorax with four slender black

lines; abdomen oval, slightly tessellated, not longer than the

thorax ; hind borders of the segments black; wings grey ; veins

black ; praebrachial vein forming a very obtuse angle at its

flexure, straight from thence to its tip; discal transverse vein

undulating, parted by less than its length from the fiexure of the

preebrachial, and by much less than its length from the border ;

alulee whitish-cinereous.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Brazil.

ewe,

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 305

Masicera incivica.

Mas et Feem.—Nigyra, nigro-setosa, capite albido, antennarum

articulo 3° longissimo epistoma attingente, abdomine zneo-

nigro fasciis interruptis albidis, alis cinereis apud costam ob-

scurioribus, vena transversa preebrachiali nigro-nebulosa.

Male and Female.—Black, with stout black bristles: head

whitish in front; bristles descending from the frontalia to half the

Jength of the face; epistoma not prominent; antenne extending

to the epistoma ; third joint four times the length of the second ;

arista stout for about one third of its length; thorax not striped ;

abdomen zneous black, with a whitish interrupted band on the

fore-border of each segment; wings grey, darker along the

costa; veins black; praebrachial vein forming an obtuse angle,

curved from thence to its tip, which is hardly in front of the tip

of the wing; prabrachial transverse vein clouded with black ;

discal transverse vein straight, parted by a little more than its

length from the flexure of the preebrachial, and by much less

than its length from the border; alule dark cinereous.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

Hindostan ?

Genus LypEtia, Macq.

Lydella cessatrix.

Foem.—Nigra, gracilis, capite albo, frontalibus rufescentibus,

antennis rufescentibus, articulo 3° clavato obtuso, thorace

cinereo vittis tribus angustis indistinctis nigris, abdomine

nitente, segmentis cinereo-fasciatis, apice rufescente, alis

cinereis, venis transversis subnebulosis, vend preebrachiali

angulum vix acutum fingente, vend transversa discali extus

vix arcuata, alulis albidis.

Female.—Black, slender: head white, excepting the vertex ;

frontalia reddish, widening in front; facialia without bristles ;

epistoma prominent; antennz reddish, reaching the epistoma ;

second joint rather long; third widening much from the base to

the tip, which is obtuse, about twice the length of the second

joint ; arista rather slender, very much longer than the third

joint; thorax cinereous, with three slender indistinct black

stripes ; abdomen shining, with a cinereous band on ‘the fore-

border of each segment, with two black spines in the disk, and

with several towards the tip, which is reddish; wings grey;

veins black ; transverse veins slightly clouded ; praebrachial vein

forming a hardly acute angle at its flexure, curved inward from

306 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

thence to its tip, which is far in front of the tip of the wing;

discal transverse vein hardly curved outward, parted by about its

length from the border, and by less than its length from the

flexure, of the preebrachial ; alule whitish.

This species differs much, in the structure of the third joint

of the antennz, from the typical form of Lydella.

Length of the body 3} lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Mexico.

Lydella? indita.

Feem.—Nigra, gracilis, cylindrica, sub-setosa, capite albo,

frontalibus atris antice latescentibus, facie valde obliqua,

palpis gracillimis, antennis epistoma vix attingentibus, ar-

ticulo 3° lineari, therace cinereo vittis quatuor indistinctis

nigris, abdomine cinereo sub-tessellato, pedibus longiusculis,

alis nigricante cinereis basi et cost& interiore pallide luteis,

margine postico sub-cinereo, vena preebrachiali angulum ob-

tusum fingente, vend discali transversa sub-undulata, alulis

albis magnis.

Female.— Black, slender, cylindrical, slightly bristly: head

white; frontalia deep black, widening much in front; face very

oblique; facialia without bristles; epistoma slightly prominent ;

palpi very slender; antennz nearly reaching the epistoma ; third

joint linear, rounded at the tip, about thrice the length of the

second; arista slender, stout at the base, very much longer than ~

the third joint; thorax cinereous, with four indistinct black

stripes ; abdomen much longer than the thorax, slightly tessellated

with cinereous, with some black spines in the disk and more

towards the tip; legs rather long; wings blackish grey, pale

luteous at the base and along halt of the costa, slightly greyish

along the hind border; prebrachial vein forming an obtuse angle

at its flexure, near which it is very slightly bent inward, and is

thence straight to its tip, which is somewhat in front of the tip of

the wing; discal transverse vein slightly undulating, parted by

half its length from the border and by much more than half its

Jength from the flexure of the przbrachial ; alule white, large.

Length of the body 53 lines; of the wings 9 lines.

Mexico.

Genus Tacuina, Fabr.

Tachina despicienda.

Cinerea, setosa, capite albo sub-depresso, frontalibus nigris,

antennis breviusculis, articulo 2° ferrugineo, abdomine fasciis

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 307

nigricantibus, pedibus nigris, alis cinereis, venis nigris, alulis

albis, halteribus testaceis.

Cinereous, setose: head white, somewhat depressed above ;

frontalia black; face oblique; antenna not near reaching the

epistoma ; second joint ferruginous ; third about twice the length

of the second ; abdomen with blackish bands on the hind borders

of the segments; legs black; wings grey; veins black; pre-

brachial vein forming an obtuse angle at its flexure, joining the

cubital vein ata little in front of the tip of the wing; discal trans-

verse vein oblique, almost straight, parted by a little less than its

length from the border, and by much more than its length from

the prebrachial transverse vein; alule white; halteres tes-

taceous.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 4 lines.

New South Wales.

Pn Se

Sub-Fam. DEXIDES.

Genus Dexia, Meig.

Dexia pertecta.

Nas.—Cinerea, capite albo, frontalibus atris, proboscide longo

nigro geniculato, palpis fulvis, antennarum articulo 2° rufo,

arista nuda, thorace vittis angustis indistinetis nigris, abdo-

mine lanceolato, maculis dorsalibus trigonis nigris, pedibus

testaceis longis, tibiis posticis tarsisque nigris, alis cinereis

longis angustis, costa venisque fuscescente nebulosis, vena

prebrachiali angulum perobtusum fingente, vena discali

transversa undulata.

Male.—:-Cinereous: head white, vertex cinereous in some

aspects ; frontalia deep black, widening slightly in front ; epis-

toma rather prominent; proboscis long, black, geniculated ; palpi

slender, tawny ; antenne black, not reaching the epistoma ; second

joint red ; third slender, linear, more than twice the length of the

second; arista slender, tapering, nearly twice the length of the

third joint; thorax with slender indistinct black stripes ; abdomen

lanceolate, much longer than the thorax, with a black triangular

spot on each segment, and with a few black spines towards the

tip ; legs testaceous, long, slender ; tibize darker than the femora ;

tarsi and hind tibize black; wings cinereous, narrow, very long,

brownish in front and along the veins; veins black, testaceous at

the base; prebrachial vein forming a very obtuse angle at its

flexure, hardly curved from thence to its tip, which is hardly in

front of the tip of the wing; discal transverse vein undulating,

308 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

parted by much less than half its length from the border and by

a little less than its length from the flexure of the prebrachial ;

alulee cinereous.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

Mexico.

Sub-Fam. SARCOPHAGIDES.

Genus Sarcopuaca, Meig.

Sarcophaga intermutans.

Fam.—Cinerea, valida, capite albido, frontalibus nigris lineari-

bus, thorace vittis tribus latiusculis mediis vittisque duabus

lateralibus angustioribus nigris, abdomine sub-tessellato apice

fulvo, pedibus nigris robustis, alis cinereis.

Female.—Cinereous, stout: head white; frontalia black, linear ;

epistoma rather prominent; thorax with three black, regular,

rather broad stripes, and with two more slender lateral black

stripes ; abdomen broader than the thorax, slightly tessellated,

tawny at the tip; legs black, stout; wings grey; veins black,

normal.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Mexico.

Sarcophaga perneta.

Mas.—Cinerea, sat robusta, capite pallidé aurato, frontalibus

atris anticeé sublatescentibus, thorace vittis tribus_ latis

nigris, abdomine tessellato, segmentis duobus apicalibus

auratis, pedibus nigris validis, alis cinereis.

Male.—Cinereous, rather stout: head pale gilded; frontalia

deep black, widening slightly in front; epistoma not prominent ;

thorax with three regular broad black stripes; abdomen tessel-

lated; two last segments gilded; legs black, stout; wings grey ;

veins black, normal.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Mexico.

Sarcophaga innota.

Foem.—Cinerea, sat valida, capite albo, faciei lateribus subau-

ratis, frontalibus atris linearibus, thorace vittis tribus latis

cinereo-nigris, abdomine tessellato, pedibus nigris, alis

cinereis.

Female.—Cinereous, rather stout: head white, very slightly

gilded on each side of the face ; frontalia deep black, linear; epi-

stoma not prominent; thorax with three broad black stripes which

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 309

are somewhat tinged with cinereous; abdomen tessellated ; legs

black ; wings grey ; veins black, normal.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Mexico.

Sarcophaga conclausa.

Foem.—Cinerea, vix robusta, capite aurato facie albida, fronta-

libus atris antice sublatescentibus, thorace vittis tribus atris

lateribus subauratis, abdomine tessellato subaurato apice

aurato, pedibus nigris validis, alis cinereis, alulis albidis.

Female.—Cinereous, hardly stout: head gilded; hind part and

face whitish ; frontalia deep black, very slightly widening in front ;

epistoma not prominent ; thorax with three regular black stripes,

its sides slightly gilded; abdomen very slightly gilded, very

regularly tessellated; last segment gilded; legs black, stout ;

wings grey ; veins black, normal; alulz whitish.

This may possibly be the female of S. perneta, but it can be

distinguished from that species by the difference of colour, and by

the narrower and more regular stripes of the thorax.

Length of the body 34 lines; of the wings 63 lines.

Mexico.

Sarcophaga despensa.

Foem.—Cinerea, sat gracilis, capite albido, frontalibus nigris

linearibus, thorace vittis tribus latis cinereo-nigris, abdomine

e maculis nigris tessellato, pedibus nigris validis, breviusculis,

alis cinereis, alulis albis.

Female.—Cinereous, rather slender: head whitish; frontalia

black, linear; epistoma not prominent; thorax with three black

stripes which have a cinereous tinge ; abdomen tessellated with

four rows of black spots; legs black, stout, short; wings grey ;

veins black, normal ; alulez white.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Mexico.

Sarcophaga effrenata.

Mas.—Cinerea, vix robusta, capite albo, vertice cinereo, fronta-

libus nigris antice angustioribus, thorace vittis tribus nigris,

abdomine tessellato apice fulvo, pedibus nigris validis, alis

cinereis, alulis albidis.

Male.—Cinereous, hardly stout : head white; vertex cinereous ;

frontalia black, narrower in front; epistoma not prominent;

thorax with three black stripes, the middle one narrower than the

310 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

other two; abdomen tessellated ; tip tawny; legs black, stout ;

wings grey; veins black, normal ; alule whitish.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Mexico.

Sarcophaga forlipes.

Mas.—Atra, robusta, capite albido, frontalibus atris antice

latescentibus, palpis subclavatis longiusculis, thorace vittis

quatuor albidis interlineatis, abdomine nitente pilosissimo

apice rufo, pedibus validis, femoribus tibiisque posterioribus

densé ciliatis, alis cinereis basi ex parte nigricantibus, alulis

nigricante cinereis.

Male.—Deep black, stout: head whitish, more cinereous on the

vertex ; frontalia deep black, widening in front; epistoma promi-

nent; palpi subclavate, rather long; thorax with four interlined

whitish stripes; abdomen shining, very pilose and with some

spines towards the tip, which is red ; legs stout; posterior femora

and tibize densely ciliated; wings grey, partly blackish at the

base; veins black, normal ; alulee blackish grey.

Length of the body 7—9 lines; of the wings 13—16 lines.

Haiti.

Sub-Fam. MUSCIDES.

Genus CatuipHora, Desv.

Calliphora femorata.

Feem.—Cyanea, valida, lata, viridi purpureoque varia, vertice

nigricante, frontalibus ferrugineis, palpis fulvis, antennis rufe-

scentibus, thorace subcinereo antice viridi, humeris pectore et

abdominis basi testaceis, pedibus fulvis, tibiis tarsisque piceis,

alis obscure cinereis, costa basali et apicali fusc&é, vena pre-

brachiali angulum obtusum subrotundatum fingente intus

apicem versus subarcuata, vena discali transversa sub-undu-

Jata, alulis obscuré cinereis.

Female.—Blue, stout, tinged with green and purple: head

testaceous, large, prominent in front; vertex blackish; frontalia

ferruginous; palpi tawny; antenne reddish, reaching the epi-

stoma; third joint very long; thorax with slight cinereous to-

mentum, green in front; humeri, pectus and base of the abdomen

testaceous ; legs tawny ; tibize and tarsi piceous ; wings dark grey,

brown along the costa near the base and also near the tip; veins

black ; praebrachial vein forming an obtuse and somewhat rounded

angle at its flexure, very slightly curved inward from thence to

its tip, which is very little in front of the tip of the wing; discal

transverse vein undulating, parted by hardly half its length from

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 311

the border and by more than half its length from the flexure of

the prebrachial; alulee dark grey.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

Mexico.

Calliphora socors.

Foem.—Cyaneo-nigra, capite testaceo, vertice nigro, proboscide

antennisque fulvis, palpis testaceis clavatis, thorace fasciis

cinereis, lateribus pectoreque fulvis, abdomine purpurascente

cyaneo, basi fulvo, pedibus fulvis, tarsis nigris, alis cinereis

fusco-nebulosis, vena prebrachiali angulum rotundatum valdé

obtusum fingente, vend discali transversd subrecta, alulis

cinereis.

Female.—Bluish black: head testaceous, prominent in front ;

vertex black; proboscis tawny ; palpi testaceous, clavate ; anten-

nz tawny, not reaching the epistoma; thorax with bands of cine-

reous tomentum; sides and pectus tawny; abdomen purplish

blue, tawny at the base; legs tawny; tibie darker than the fe-

mora; tarsi black ; wings grey, mostly clouded with brown; pre-

brachial vein forming a rounded and very obtuse angle at its

flexure, which is very near the border, straight from thence to the

tip, which is at the tip of the wing; discal transverse vein nearly

straight, parted by hardly half its length from the border, and by

alittle less than its length from the flexure of the prebrachial;

alulze cinereous.

Length of the body 43 lines; of the wings 11 lines.

Mexico.

Genus Curysomyrsa, Desv.

Chrysomya inclinata.

Foem.—Cyanescente viridis, capite anticé fulvo, frontalibus ni-

gris, palpis fulvis, antennis piceis, abdominis basi subtus

rufescente, pedibus nigris, alis vitreis, basi et apud costam

nigris, vena preebrachiali angulum rectum bené determinatum

fingente, vend transversa discali anticé extus subarcuatdé.

Female. Bluish green, shining: head tawny and with white

tomentum in front and beneath; frontalia black; palpi tawny ;

antenne piceous, extending to the epistoma; abdomen reddish at

the base beneath; legs black; wings vitreous, black at the base

and along the costa; veins black; preebrachial vein forming a

right and well defined angle at its flexure, near which it is much

curved inward and is thence straight to its tip; discal transverse

vein slightly curved outward near its fore end, parted by hardly

312 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

more than half its length from the border and by much more than

half its length from the flexure of the prebrachial ; alulae white.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Natal.

Genus Lucitta Desv.

Lucilia surrepens.

Feem.—Aureo-viridis, capite albido, frontalibus ferrugineis, epi-

stomatis lateribus, palpis humerisque fulvis, antennis rufe-

scentibus, pedibus nigris, alis vix cinerascentibus, vena pree-

brachiali arcuata, vena discali transversa subundulata, alulis

albis.

Female.—Golden green: head with whitish tomentum; fronta-

lia ferruginous ; epistoma tawny on each side; palpi tawny; an-

tenne reddish; third joint rather short; humeri tawny; legs

black; wings hardly greyish; veins black; preebrachial vein

curved at its flexure; discal transverse vein slightly undulating,

parted by more than half its length from the border and by not

Jess than its length from the flexure of the preebrachial; alulze

white.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Mexico.

Lucilia inventrix.

Feem.—Leté cyanea, capite albo, frontalibus atris, palpis anten-

nis pedibusque nigris, thoracis lateribus cyaneo-viridibus,

abdomine rufo apud discum sub-cyanescente, alis cinereis,

vena preebrachiali arcuaté, vena discali transversa intus vix

arcuata.

Female.—Bright blue: head white; frontalia deep black ; palpi,

antenne and legs black; sides of the thorax bluish green; abdo-

men red, with a bluish tinge in the disc; wings grey; veins

black ; preebrachial vein curved at its flexure, ending at a little in

front of the tip of the wing; discal transverse vein hardly curved

inward, parted by less than its length from the border and by very

much more than its length from the flexure of the prebrachial.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Natal.

Genus Pyretiia, Desv.

Pyrellia suspicax.

Mas.—Obscuré purpurascente cyanea, capite nigro, facie anten-

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 318

nisque ferrugineis, abdomine viridescente cyaneo, pedibus

nigris, alis sub-cinereis, costa basali nigro-binotataé, vend

discali transversa vix arcuata, alulis nigricantibus.

Male.—Dark purplish blue, shining: head black; face and

antenne ferruginous; third joint of the antenne rather short;

abdomen greenish blue; legs black; wings slightly greyish, with

two black marks on the costa near the base; veins black; discal

transverse vein hardly curved, parted by less than half its length

from the border and by little less than its length from the flexure

of the prebrachial ; alulae blackish.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

Mexico.

Pyreilia specialis.

Feem.—Viridescente cyanea, capite albo, frontalibus palpis pedi-

busque nigris, antennis pallidé rufescentibus, alis sub-cinereis,

venis transversis costaque ex parte fusco-nebulosis, vend pre-

brachiali arcuata, vena discali transversa recta, alulis sub-

cinerels.

Female.—Greenish blue: head white, except the vertex; fron-

talia, palpi and legs black; antenne pale reddish; third joint

rather short; wings greyish; transverse veins, costa in front of

the preebrachial transverse vein and towards the tip clouded with

brown; preebrachial vein forming a curve at its flexure, which is

very near the border of the wing ; discal transverse vein straight,

parted by less than half its length from the border and by more

than its length from the flexure of the preebrachial ; alulee greyish.

Length of the body 24 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

Mexico.

Pyrellia scordalus.

Feem.— Picea, capite testaceo, frontalibus saturate rufis, palpis

antennisque testaceis, thorace vittis quinque cinereis, pectore

pedibusque testaceis, abdomine purpureo basi testaceo, tar-

sis apice piceis, alis obscuré cinereis, vena preebrachiali sub-

arcuata, vena discali transversa sub-undulata.

Female.—Piceous: head testaceous, with white tomentum ;

frontalia deep red ; proboscis, palpi and antennee testaceous ; third

joint moderately long, reaching the epistoma ; thorax with five

cinereous stripes ; pectus testaceous ; abdomen purple, testaceous

towards the base ; legs testaceous ; tarsi piceous towards the tips ;

wings dark grey; preebrachial vein gé ntly curved at its flexure,

which is very near the border, ending at the tip of the wing;

discal transverse vein slightly undulating, partly by more than

VOL. V. N.S. PART VUI.—FEB. 1861. Yi

314 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

half its length from the border and by more than its length from

the flexure of the preebrachial ; alule grey.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 9 lines.

Mexico.

Genus Musca, Linn.

Musca sensifera.

Mas.—Nigra, cinereo-tomentosa, capite albo, frontalibus atris

anticé latescentibus, palpis antennisque fulvis, thorace vittis

tribus nigris, abdomine basi nigro-piceo, fasciis duabus canis,

alis cinereis, venis fuscescente nebulosis, vena prebrachiali

angulum rectum fingente, vena discali transvers& undulata.

Male.— Black, with cinereous tomentum: head white; fron-

talia deep black, widening in front; proboscis, palpi and antennz

tawny ; third joint of the antenne rather short, not reaching the

epistoma ; thorax with three black stripes; abdomen piceous,

black towards the base; second and third segments with hoary

bands on the fore borders; wings grey, brownish along the black

veins; prebrachial vein forming a well defined right angle at its

flexure, slightly curved inward from thence to the tip, which is

a little in front of the tip of the wing; discal transverse vein un-

dulating, parted by less than half its length from the border and by

more than half its length from the flexure of the prebrachial ;

alulz greyish white.

Length of the body 43 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Mexico.

Musca perlata.

Feem.—Obscuré cyanea, setosa, sat gracilis, capite albido, fron-

talibus obscuré nigris, palpis antennis pedibusque nigris,

thoracis vittis quatuor pectoreque albidis, abdomine fasciis

duabus latis albidis, apice rufescente, alis sub-cinereis, basi

vittaque costali lata nigris, vena preebrachiali angulum rectum

fingente, vena discali transversa subundulata.

Female.—Dark blue, bristly, rather slender: head black, with

whitish tomentum ; frontalia dull black, widening in front; palpi

and antenne black ; third joint of the latter slender, reaching the

epistoma; thorax with four whitish stripes; pectus whitish; ab-

domen with two broad whitish bands; tip reddish; legs black ;

wings greyish, black at the base, and with a broad black costal

stripe; prebrachial vein forming a well defined right angle at its

flexure, near which it is curved inward, and is thence straight to

its tip, which is somewhat in front of the tip of the wing; discal

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 315

transverse vein slightly undulating, parted by half its length from

the border, and by more than half its length from the flexure

of the prebrachial ; alule white.

Length of the body 33 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

Natal.

Sub-Fam. ANTHOMYIDES.

Genus Aricia, Desv.

Aricia rescita.

Fcem.—Cinerea, capite albo, frontalibus nigris, antennis longius-

culis, aristé plumosa, thorace vittis quatuor nigricantibus,

abdomine tessellato, alis sub-cinereis, Jituris duabus (una

basali, altera costali) nigris, venis transversis nigro-nebulosis,

alulis albis.

Female.—Cinereous: head white; frontalia black; antenne

reaching the epistoma; arista plumose ; thorax with four blackish

stripes ; abdomen tessellated ; wings greyish ; veins black ; a black

mark in the disk near the base and another on the costa; pre-

brachial transverse vein clouded with black ; discal transverse vein

slightly clouded with black, forming a slight outward angle, parted

by much less than its length from the border, and by not less than

its length from the prebrachial transverse vein; alulz white.

Length of the body 2% lines; of the wings 5 lines.

Mexico.

Aricia procedens.

Foem.—Cinerea, capite albo, palpis antennisque nigris, thorace

vittis quatuor indistinctis fuscescentibus, abdomine maculis

quatuor magnis obscuré fuscis, pedibus fulvis, alis cinereis,

venis transyersis nigro-nebulosis, vena discali transversa

intus arcuata, alulis albido-cinereis.

Female —Cinereous: head white; vertex cinereous ; proboscis,

palpi and antennez black ; third joint of the antennze long, reaching

the epistoma; thorax with four indistinct brownish stripes ; ab-

domen with four large dark brown spots; legs tawny ; tibize and

fore femora darker than the posterier femora; wings grey; veins

black ; transverse veins clouded with black; discal transverse

vein curved inward, parted by much less than its length from the

border, and by about its length from the prebrachial transverse

vein; alulz whitish cinereous.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Mexico,

316 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

Arwia circulatrix.

Feem.—Cana, setis nonnullis longis validis, capite albido, fronta-

libus atris, palpis piceis, antennarum articulo 3° longo basi

rufo, arista plumosa, thorace vittis quatuor angustis pigris,

abdomine fasciis duabus latis cinereis, pedibus fulvis validis

longiusculis, tarsis nigris, alis sub-cinereis, vena discali trans-

versa intus sub-arcuata, alulis albis, balteribus fulvis.

Female.— Hoary, moderately broad, with some long stout

bristles: head white; frontalia deep black, widening in front ;

epistoma not prominent; palpi slender, piceous; antenne nearly

reaching the epistoma; third joint slender, linear, red at the base,

about four times the length of the second ; arista plumose, much

longer than the third joint ; thorax with four slender black stripes ;

abdomen with two broad cinereous bands in the middle, not longer

than the thorax; legs tawny, stout, rather long; tarsi black ;

wings greyish ; veins black; discal transverse vein slightly curved

inward in the middle, parted by very much less than its length

from the border, and by more than its length from the preebrachial

transverse vein; alulae white; halteres tawny.

Length of the body 43 lines ; of the wings 10 lines.

Mexico.

Aricia inducta.

Cinerea, capite albido, antennis nigris, articulo 2° rufo, thorace

vittis quatuor nigricantibus, abdomine sub-tessellato, pedibus

testaceis, tarsis nigris, alis sub-cinereis.

Cinereous: head whitish in front about the eyes; antenne

black ; second joint red ; thorax with four blackish stripes; ab-

domen slightly tessellated ; legs testaceous ; tarsi black ; wings

greyish ; veins black, testaceous towards the base; discal trans-

verse vein angular inward, parted by less than its length from the

border and by a little more than its length from the preebrachial

transverse vein.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 63 lines.

New South Wales.

Genus Opnyra, Desv.

Ophyra intendens.

Nigra, nitens, thorace vittato?, pectore cinereo, alis cinereis,

venis transversis nigro-nebulosis, halteribus testaceis.

Black, shining: palpi and antenne black; arista bare; thorax

striped? ; pectus with cinereous tomentum; wings grey; veins

black ; transverse veins clouded with black; discal transverse

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 317

vein hardly curved, parted by a little less than its length from the

border, and by a little more than its length from the prabrachial

transverse vein; halteres testaceous.

Length of the body 3 lines ; of the wings 6 lines.

New South Wales.

Ophyra congressa.

Anthracina, sub-pilosa, abdomine pubescente, alis sub-cinereis,

venis testaceis, alulis sub-cinereis testaceo-marginatis, halte-

ribus albidis.

Coal black, slightly pilose: abdomen thickly pubescent ; wings

slightly greyish ; veins testaceous; discal transverse vein oblique,

hardly curved, parted by about half its length from the border,

and by hardly less than its length from the preebrachial transverse

vein; alulz slightly cinereous, with testaceous borders ; halteres

whitish.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

Hindostan.

Genus Antuomyia, Meigen.

Anthomyia protrita.

Foam.—Cinerea, capite albido, frontalibus atris, antennis brevius-

culis, thorace vittis quatuor angustis nigricantibus, abdomine

tessellato, pedibus nigris, alis sub-cinereis, vena prebrachiali

angulum obtusum fingente, vena discali transversd subrecta.

I’emale.—Cinereous: head whitish ; frontalia deep black ; an-

tennz short, not reaching the epistoma ; thorax with four slender

blackish stripes ; abdomen tessellated ; legs black ; wings greyish ;

veins black; prabrachial vein forming an obtuse but well defined

angle, slightly curved inward from thence to its tip, which is some-

what in front of the tip of the front ; discal transverse vein nearly

straight, parted by about its length from the border, and by much

Jess than its length from the flexure of the przbrachial; alulz

white.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 4 lines.

Mexico,

Authomyia prolectata.

Foem.—Cyanescente nigra, capite albo, vertice palpis antennis

pedibusque nigris, thoracis vittis duabus latis, lateribus pec-

toreque albis, abdomine subtessellato, alis sub-cinereis, vend

prebrachiali arcuata, vend discali transversa recta.

Female.—Bluish black : head white ; vertex, proboscis, palpi,

antenne and legs black; thorax with two broad white stripés ;

318 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

sides and pectus also white ; abdomen slightly tessellated ; wings

slightly greyish; veins black ; preebrachial vein curved ; ending

at the tip of the wing; discal transverse vein straight, parted by

half its length from the border and by more than its length from

the flexure of the preebrachial ; alulee whitish.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Natal.

Genus Hyztemyia, Desv.

. Hylemyia probata.

Mas.—Atra, gracilis, arista subplumosa, abdomine pedibusque

nigris, alis nigricantibus apud costam nigris, vend preebra-

chiali arcuata, vena discali transversa recta, alulis nigrican-

tibus.

Male.— Deep black, slender : arista slightly plumose ; abdomen

and legs black; wings blackish, black along the costa; veins

black; prabrachial vein curved, ending at just in front of the

tip of the wing; discal transverse vein straight, parted by a little

more than half its length from the border, and. by very much

more than its length from the flexure of the prebrachial; alule

blackish.

Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 4 lines.

Mexico.

Genus Canosia, Meigen.

Ceenosia intacta.

Cana, subsetosa, antennis pallide rufis longiusculis apice nigri-

cantibus, abdominis segmentis nigro-bimaculatis albo-mar-

ginatis, pedibus testaceis, femoribus cinereis, alis albis, venis

albidis, halteribus testaceis.

Hoary, slightly setose : antenne pale red, blackish towards the

tips, extending to the epistoma; third joint rather long ; arista

black ; abdominal segments with a black spot on each side, their

hind borders white ; legs testaceous ; femora cinereous, with tes-

taceous tips ; wings white; veins whitish ; costal vein black ; discal

transverse vein straight, upright, parted by nearly twice its length

from the border aud by much more than its length from the prae-

brachial transverse vein; halteres testaceous.

Length of the body 14 lines; of the wings 23 lines.

United States.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 319

Div. ACALYPTER-.

Sub-Fam. Hetomyzipes.

Genus Hetomyza, Fall.

Helomyza gratiosa.

Testacea, capite maculis duabus superis guttisque duabus

inferis nigris, antennarum articulo 3° supra nigro, arista

plumosa, thorace vittis quatuor maculisque lateralibus fulvis,

pectore abdomineque piceis, hujus lateribus luteo-trima-

culatis, pedibus nigris, tarsis luteis apice nigris, alis nigri-

cantibus albido-maculatis, halteribus testaceis.

Testaceous: head with two black spots on the vertex, and with

two black dots beneath, where it is paler; third joint of the an-

tenne black above; arista plumose; thorax with four tawny

stripes and with a few tawny lateral spots; pectus and abdomen

piceous, the latter with large luteous spots on each side; legs

black ; tarsi luteous, black towards the tips; wings blackish, with

several whitish round spots, the two largest occupying the tip;

halteres testaceous.

Length of the body 24 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

Natal.

Helomyza bipunctata.

Fulva, capite supra maculis duabus oblongis nigris, antennarum

articulo 3° nigro, abdominis segmentis nigricante marginatis,

tibiis apice tarsisque nigris, femoribus posticis gutta apical

nigra, alis sub-testaceo vitreis, venis pallide testaceis.

Tawny: head above with two black oblong spots, which spots

are attenuated hindward; third joint of the antennz black; hind

borders of the abdominal segments blackish ; tarsi and tips of the

tibia black; hind femora with a biack apical dot; wings with a

slight testaceous tinge; veins pale testaceous ; discal transverse

vein straight, parted by more than half its length from the border

and by much more than its length from the praebrachial trans-

verse vein.

Length of the body 24 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

Tasmania.

Genus Dryomyza, Meig.

Dryomyza maculiceps.

Testacea, capite guttis quatuor nigris, antennis_ breviusculis,

arista nuda, thorace vittis quinque ferrugineis, pectore guttis

quatuor lateralibus nigris, abdomine fuscescente, basi tes-

320 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

tacea, tarsis apice fuscescentibus, alis sub-cinereis, vena dis-

cali transversa recta, strigd discali nigra.

Testaceous: head with two black dots above the insertion of

the antenne and two more by the epistoma; antenne short;

third joint elongate-conical; arista bare ; thorax with five ferru-

ginous stripes ; pectus with two black dots on each side; ab-

domen brownish, except at the base; tarsi brownish towards the

tips; wings greyish; veins black, testaceous at the base; discal

transverse vein straight, upright, parted by full its length from

the border, and by more than twice its length from the praebra-

chial transverse vein; a black streak in the disk.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

Mexico.

Genus Catepa, Meigen.

Caelepa offendens.

Civerea, capite longiusculo apud oculos albo, antennis nigris,

thorace vittis canis, abdominis apice pedibusque fusce-

scentibus, alis sub-cinereis, venis pallide-testaceis, halteribus

albidis.

Cinereous: head somewhat elongate, white about the eyes;

antenne black ; thorax with hoary stripes ; abdomen brownish at

the tip ; legs brownish ; wings very slightly greyish; veins pale

testaceous ; discal transverse vein straight, upright, parted by

much less than its length from the border, and by much more than

twice its length from the przbrachial transverse vein; halteres

whitish.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

Tasmania.

Genus Sciomyza, Fallen.

Sciomyza transducta.

Cinerea, capite antico testaceo, antennis abdomineque nigris,

pedibus fulvis, tarsis anticis nigris, alis sub-cinereis, cosa

exteriore liturisque discalibus obscurioribus, halteribus tes-

taceis.

Cinereous: head testaceous in front and beneath; antennze

black; abdomen black; legs tawny; fore-tarsi black; wings

slightly greyish, dark grey along the apical part of the costa, and

mottled with dark grey in the disk; discal transverse vein slightly

curved and oblique, parted by half its length from the border,

and by nearly twice its length from the preebrachial transverse

vein; halteres testaceous.

Length of the body 13 line; of the wings 3 lines.

United States.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 321

Genus Sarromyza, Meig.

Sapromyza apta.

Testacea, subsetosa, capite albido, tarsis nigris, alis cinereo-

vitreis, vitta costali informi nigra, venis discali et preebrachiali

transversis nigro-nebulosis.

Testaceous, slightly setose : head whitish, testaceous about the

eyes; tarsi black; wings greyish-vitreous, with a black irregular

costal stripe extending from a little before two-thirds of the length

of the costa to the preebrachial vein; discal and prebrachial

transverse veins clouded with black ; discal transverse vein parted

by less than half its length from the border, and by a little less

than its length from the przebrachial transverse vein.

Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 4 lines.

Mexico.

Genus Teranocera, Dumeril.

Tetanocera pectoralis.

Testacea, capite guttis tribus anticis, thorace vittis duabus,

pectore guttis duabus lateralibus tarsisque anticis nigris, an-

tennis longiusculis, articulo 3° lanceolato, aristd plumosa,

pectore strigis duabus lateralibus fuscis, alis sub-cinereis

apud costam nigris, vena discali transversa recta.

Testaceous: head in front with three black dots; antenne

rather long; third joint lanceolate ; arista plumose; thorax with

two black stripes; pectus with a black dot on each side by the

base of the wing and a contiguous brown streak ; fore tarsi black ;

wings greyish, black along the costa; discal transverse vein

straight, upright, parted by about its length from the border, and

by much more than its length from the prebrachial transverse vein.

Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 4 lines.

Mexico.

Tetanocera discalis.

Testacea, capite supra fulvo, antennis nigricantibus, thorace

vittis duabus angustis interruptis nigris, pectore vittis duabus

latis nigris, abdomine nigro, vitta discali testacea, alis nigri-

cantibus albo-guttatis.

Testaceous: head tawny above; antenne blackish; thorax

with two slender interrupted black stripes; pectus with two broad

black stripes; abdomen black, with a testaceous dorsal stripe

which does not extend to the tip; wings blackish, with white dots

on the costa, two on the hind border and a larger apical one.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

Burmah.

322 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

Sub-Fam. LAUXANIDES.

Genus Loncuaa, Fall.

Loncheea discrepans.

ZEneo-nigra, antennis testaceis, articulo 3° brevi conico, arista

plumosa, pedibus piceis, tarsis testaceis, alis sub-cinereis,

halteribus albis.

/Eneous black : antenne testaceous; third joint short, conical ;

arista plumose; legs piceous; tarsi testaceous; wings greyish ;

veins black ; halteres white.

Length of the body 13 line; of the wings 4 lines.

Mexico.

Sub-Fam. ORTALIDES.

Genus Dacus, Fabr.

Dacus pectoralis.

Ferrugineus, antennarum articulo 3° lineari gracillimo longis-

simo, scutello pectoris fasciis duabus, maculisque duabus et

segmenti abdominalis 1! margine postico pallide flavis, femo-

ribus basi flavis, tarsis albidis apice ferrugineis, alis sub-

cinereis, vitta costali strigaque apud venam sub-analem fuscis.

Ferruginous: third joint of the antennez linear, slender, very

long, reaching the epistoma; scutellum pale yellow; pectus with

a pale yellow, slightly oblique band, and with a posterior pale

yellow spot on each side; abdomen with a slender yellow band on

the hind border of the first segment; femora yellow towards the

base ; tarsi whitish, with ferruginous tips; wings very slightly

greyish, with a brownish costal stripe, which is wider exteriorly,

and with a brown streak along the subanal vein; discal transverse

vein straight, oblique, parted by about one-fourth of its length

from the border, and by about its length from the prabrachial

transverse, which is oblique in the opposite direction.

Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 8 lines.

Natal.

Dacus brevistriga.

Fom.—Ferrugineus, capite testaceo, antennis. fulvis, -thorace

vitta tomentosa albidd, scutello pectorisque maculis duabus

lateralibus flavis, pedibus testaceis, alis vitreis vitta costali

fusca, vend preebrachiali transversa fusco-nebulosa.

Female.— Ferruginous: head testaceous ; antennz tawny ; third

joint rather shorter than that of D. pectoralis; thorax with a

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 323

whitish tomentose stripe; scutellum yellow; pectus with a large

pale yellow spot on each side ; legs testaceous ; wings vitreous, with

a brown costal stripe which extends round the tip to the end of

the prebrachial vein; prebrachial transverse vein clouded with

brown ; radial vein very near the costa; prebrachial vein slightly

curved between its tip and the discal transverse vein ; the latter

straight, upright, parted by less than one-fourth of its length from

the border, and by a little less than its length from the preebra-

chial transverse, which is slightly oblique.

Length of the body 3% lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Natal.

Dacus incisus.

Niger, capite fulvo, thoracis vittis duabus lateralibus posticis,

callis humeralibus, scutello, pectoris fasciis duabus maculisque

duabus lateralibus, necnon abdominis basi et segmenti 1'

margine postico flavis, ventre testaceo vitta nigra, femoribus

posticis tarsisque anterioribus basi, tarsisque posticis flavis,

tiblis anticis fulvis, alis vitreis, vitta costali nigra.

Black: head tawny; thorax with a yellow stripe on each side

hindward; humeral calli and scutellum yellow; pectus with a

yellow, slightly oblique band, and with a posterior yellow spot on

each side; abdomen yellow at the base, and with a yellow band

on the hind border of the first segment ; this band is excavated in

the middle of the fore border; underside testaceous, with a black

stripe which widens much hindward ; anterior tarsi yellow towards

the base; fore tibize tawny ; hind tarsi yellow; hind femora yel-

low for half the length from the base; wings vitreous, with a

slender black costal stripe which extends to the tip; structure of

the veins like that of D. brevistriga.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 5 lines.

Burmah.

Dacus squalidus.

Obscure testaceus, sub-pubescens, vertice nigricante, antennis

fulvis longiusculis, thoracis disco fulvo, alis maculis duabus

costalibus sub-cinereis.

Mas.— Abdomine nigricante compresso.

Fcem.—Abdominis dimidio apicali ferrugineo depresso nitente.

Dull testaceous, somewhat pubescent: vertex of the head

blackish; face oblique, with two grooves for the reception of the

antenne ; the latter tawny, extending to the epistoma; second

joint rather long; third slightly narrower towards the tip; disk

of the thorax tawny ; wings with a greyish costal spot before the

324 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

middle, and another more diffuse one on the apical part; discal

transverse vein slightly bent inward, parted by about one-third of

its length from the border and by less than its length from the

prebrachial transverse vein.

Male.—Abdomen blackish, compressed.

Female.— Apical half of the abdomen ferruginous, depressed,

shining.

Length of the body 3—33 lines; of the wings 53—6 lines.

Hindostan.

Genus Bricinnra, N.

Corpus longiusculum, sat angustum. Peristoma magnum.

Antennarum articulus 3"° longus, gracilis, linearis; arista

simplex, gracilis. Thorax longus, lateribus compressis.

Abdomen longum, subfusiforme, apice attenuatum. Pedes

validi. Alze sat angustee, venis rectis.

Feem.—Oviductus vagine producte, graciles.

Body rather long and narrow. Epistoma rather prominent ;

mouth large; third joint of the antennz long, slender, linear,

extending to the epistoma; arista slender, simple, nearly twice

the length of the third joint. Thorax long, compressed on each

side. Abdomen long, subfusiform, attenuated towards the tip.

Legs stout, moderately long. Wings rather narrow; veins

straight.

Female.—Abdomen attenuated at the tip. Vagina of the

oviduct slender, produced.

Bricinnia flexivitta.

Foeem.—Nigra, capite apud oculos albo, vitta anticé albida, an-

tennis ferrugineis basi fulvis, thorace vittis tribus albidis,

pectore purpureo-cyaneo, abdomine cupreo, femoribus pos-

ticis basi flavis, tarsis fulvis, alis sub-cinereis, costa apiceque

luridis, vitta discali angulataé nigr4, vend discali transversa

vix arcuata.

Female.—Black: head white about the eyes and with a whitish

facial stripe, which is dilated towards the epistoma; antennze

ferruginous, tawny towards the base; thorax with three whitish

stripes; pectus blue, varied with purple; abdomen cupreous ;

vagina of the oviduct attenuated; hind femora yellow towards

the base ; tarsi tawny ; wings greyish, lurid along the costa and at

the tips, and with a blackish stripe which extends from the base

to and along the discal transverse vein; the latter is upright and

hardly curved, and is parted by four times its length from the

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 325

border, and by a little less than its length from the preebrachial

transverse vein, which is oblique.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Mexico.

Genus Cuarax.

Corpus longum, gracile. Antennarum articulus 3"° longus,

lanceolatus; arista simplex, gracilis. Thorax longissimus,

lateribus compressis. Abdomen valde compressum, thorace

brevius et angustius. Ale angustee, venis subrectis.

Foem.—Abdomen apice attenuatum et acuminatum.

Body long, slender. Epistoma prominent. Antenne with the

third joint long, lanceolate, nearly reaching the epistoma ; arista

long, slender, nearly twice the length of the third joint. Thorax

very long; sides compressed. Abdomen much compressed, nar-

rower and shorter than the thorax, Legs moderately long and

stout. Wings narrow; veins almost straight,

Female. —Abdomen attenuated and acuminated at the tip.

Charax planidorsum.

Viridescente nigra, thorace vittis tribus sub-cinereis, abdomine

viridi-metallico, antennis pedibusque nigris, alis sub-cinereis

vitta tenui costali nigra, vena discali transversa recta, vend

preebrachiali transversa brevissima.

Greenish black: thorax with three greyish stripes; abdomen

metallic green; antennz and legs black ; wings greyish, with a

slender black stripe along the costa from one-third of the length

to the end of the praebrachial vein, the latter is slightly curved

upward towards the tip; discal transverse vein straight, upright,

parted by less than one-third of its length from the border, and

by nearly twice its length from the praebrachial transverse; the

latter is extremely short, the veins which it connects being almost

contiguous between it and the base of the wing.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

Burmah.

Genus Orta is, Fallen.

Ortalis leucomelas.

Nigro-viridis, antennis pedibusque nigris, tarsis piceis, alis albis

nigro-quadrifasciatis, fascia 14 basali, 2a 84que posticé dila-

tatis, 44 costali; halteribus albis.

Blackish-green : antennz and legs black ; tarsi piceous; wings

white, with four black bands; first band near the base; second

326 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

broad, much dilated hindward ; third narrow, also dilated hind-

ward; fourth costal, joining the third at much beyond half the

length of the costa, and extending thence to a little beyond the tip

of the wing; discal transverse vein parted by one-fourth of its

Jength from the border, and by more than twice its length from

the prebrachial transverse vein; halteres white.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 4 lines.

South America.

Ortals bipars.

Nigricante viridis, capite supra antennisque rufis, harum arti-

culo 3° longo lineari, pedibus nigris, alis albis nigro-trifasciatis

et apice maculatis, vittis 24 3Aque posticé obsoletis, 1a in-

completa, halteribus pallidis.

Blackisb-green : head above and antenne red; third joint

of the antenne long, linear ; legs black ; wings white, with three

slight black bands and a black apical spot; first band very in-

complete ; second and third obsolete hindward ; discal transverse

vein straight, upright, parted by one-fourth of its length from the

border and by much more than its length from the prebrachial

transverse vein; halteres pale.

Length of the body 23 lines ; of the wings 4 lines.

United States.

Ortalis alternata.

Viridi-nigra, nitens, capite rufo apud oculos subtusque testaceo,

antennis rufis breviusculis, pedibus nigris, tarsis testaceis

apice nigris, alis albis, fasciis tribus strigis duabus costalibus

maculaque apicali nigris, halteribus albis.

Greenish-black, shining: head red, testaceous about the eyes

and beneath; antennze red, rather short; legs black ; tarsi tes-

taceous, with black tips; wings white, with three black bands,

which are paler hindward ; first and second bands slightly curved ;

first extending along the costa to the base of the wing; a short

costal streak between the second and third bands ; another beyond

the third band, having behind it a black dot; a black apical spot ;

halteres white.

Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 33 lines.

Cape.

Genus Tryveta, Meig.

Trypeta polygramma.

Fuscescens, capite cinereo guttis drabus nigris, antennis tes-

taceis brevissimis, thoracis vittd antica, scutelli margine pec-

toreque cinereis, abdomine nigro maculis duabus basalibus

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 327

albidis, pedibus nigris, genubus tibiarum fascia tarsisque

posterioribus albidis, alis nigricantibus, guttis plurimis, ma-

culis quatuor apicalibus lineaque intermedia flexuosa albis.

Brownish : head cinereous, rather prominent and with a black

dot on each side above the antennz, which are testaceous and

very short; thorax with a cincreous stripe in front, mostly cine-

reous on each side; scutellum bordered with cinereous; pectus

cmereous ; abdomen black, with a whitish spot on each side at the

base; legs black; knees whitish; tibize with a whitish band ;

posterior tarsi whitish, with dark tips; wings blackish, with four

connected white apical spots; these are divided by some space

from numerous white discal dots, which are bounded exteriorly

by a white serpentine line.

Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 4 lines.

Natal.

Sub- Fam. SEPSIDES.

Genus Catospata, Fabr.

Calobata cyanescens.

Cyanescente nigra, capite cyaneo apud oculos albo, vertice atro,

pedibus piceis, femoribus posticis testaceo-unifasciatis, femo-

ribus tibiisque anticis nigris, tarsis anticis albis apice nigris,

alis obscuré cinereis.

Bluish-black. Head blue, with shining white tomentum about

the eyes; vertex deep black. Legs piceous, long, slender ; hind

femora with a testaceous band near the tips ; fore-legs black, their

tarsi white, with black tips. Wings dark grey; veins black;

radial and preebrachial veins converging towards the tip of the

wing, where they are nearly contiguous ; discal transverse vein

straight, nearly upright, parted by four times its length from the

discal transverse vein, and by less than its length from the border.

Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 10 lines,

Burmah.

Calobata bicolor.

Rufa, pectore et abdomine cyaneo-nigris, pedibus nigris, tarsis

anticis albis, femoribus posterioribus piceis albo-fasciatis,

tarsis posterioribus testaceis, alis sub-cinereis fusco-quadri-

fasciatis.

Red: pectus and abdomen bluish black ; legs black; fore tarsi

white ; posterior femora piceous, with a white band near the tips ;

posterior tarsi testaceous ; wings slightly greyish, with four brown

bands, the middle one about four times the breadth of the first;

328 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

the third apical, paler than the others and much broader than

the first; veins black, like those of the preceding species in

structure.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Genus MicuogasteEr, Macq.

Michogaster basistriga.

Testacea, capite transverso antice depresso, antennarum articulo

3° lineari, pectore abdomineque nigris, tibiis posticis nigris

subarcuatis, tarsis posticis basi albidis, alis vitreis macula

apicali nigra, venis transversis basalibus et prebrachiali

nigro-nebulosis, halteribus albis.

Testaceous: head transverse, a little broader than the thorax,

flat and slightly oblique in front; face retracted; antennz not

extending to the epistoma ; third joint linear, rounded at the tip;

arista very slender, more than twice the length of the third joint;

pectus and abdomen black; hind tibiae black, slightly curved ;

hind tarsi whitish towards the base; wings vitreous, with a black

apical spot; basal transverse veins and prebrachial transverse

vein clouded with black; discal transverse vein almost straight

and upright, parted by less than half its length from the border

and by more than twice its length from the praebrachial trans-

verse vein; halteres white.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 43 lines.

South America.

Michogaster marginailis.

Testacea, antennis nigris longis, thorace fusiformi, abdomine

subclavato, pedibus longiusculis, tarsis nigris, alis vitreis

apud costam nigris, halteribus apice nigris.

Testaceous, slightly setose: head a little broader than the

thorax, oblique and depressed in front; face retracted, and thus

forming an angle with the front; antennae black, extending to the

epistoma; third joint linear, slender, very long; arista very

minutely pubescent, longer than the third joint ; thorax fusiform ;

abdomen sub-clavate, much longer than the thorax; legs rather

long; tarsi black ; wings vitreous, black along the costa to a little

beyond the tip; praebrachial transverse vein clouded with black ;

discal transverse vein slightly oblique and curved, parted by one-

fourth of its length from the border and by twice its length from

the preebrachial transverse vein; halteres with black knobs.

Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 54 lines.

Amazon Region.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 329

Genus Nremopopa, Desy,

Nemopoda induans.

Nigra, obscura, capite supra nitente, antennis piceis, pedibus

testaceis, posticis nigris, femoribus posticis basi tarsisque

posticis testaceis, coxis albidis, alis sub-cinereis, halteribus

testaceis.

Black, dull: head shining above ; antennz piceous; legs tes-

taceous ; hind legs black; hind femora at the base, hind tarsi,

excepting the tips and hind knees, testaceous ; coxz whitish ;

wings vitreous, slightly cinereous; discal transverse vein parted

by more than its length from the border and from the pre-

brachial transverse vein; halteres testaceous.

Length of the body 24 lines; of the wings + lines.

South America.

Sub-Fam. DIOPSIDES.

Genus Dtopsis, Linn.

Diopsis obstans.

Mas.—Nigra, gracilis, oculorum petiolis thorace non longioribus

apice ferrugineis, abdomine fasciis cinereis, pedibus piceis,

coxis, femoribus posterioribus basi tarsisque anticis albidis,

his apice nigris, alis sub-cinereis fuscescente sub-nebulosis

apice fuscescentibus.

Mule.—Black, slender: petioles of the eyes about as long as

the thorax, their knobs with the apical half ferruginous; scu-

tellum with two long slender spines; abdomen with cinereous

bands ; legs piceous ; coxeze whitish; posterior femora whitish at

the base; fore tarsi whitish, with black tips; wings greyish,

slightly brownish in the disk, and with brownish tips.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 4 lines.

Natal.

Sub-Fam. PSILIDES.

Genus Loxocera, Fabr.

Loxocera? quadrilinea.

Fulva, nitens, capite antico depresso, antennarum articulo 3°

nigro longissimo, theracis vittis quatuor, abdomine, tibiis

anticis apice tarsisque anticis nigris, alis vitreis, halteribus

albidis.

Tawny, shining: head flat in front; antennz slender, linear,

longer than the breadth of the head ; third joint black ; thorax

with two slight black stripes on each side; abdomen, fore tarsi

and tips of fore tibize black ; wings vitreous ; veins black, straight ;

VOL. V. N. S. PART VUI.—FEB. 1861. Z

330 Mr. F. Walker’s Characters of undescribed Diptera

discal transverse vein very far from the border, and parted by

more than twice its length from the praebrachial transvere vein ;

halteres whitish.

Length of the body 1} line; of the wings 25 lines.

United States.

Genus Cuyuiza, Fallen.

Chyliza nigro-viridis.

Feem.—Nigro-viridis, capite apud oculos albo, antennis nigris,

thoracis tomento cinereo, abdomine lanceolato, pedibus pal-

lide fulvis, alis vitreis, venis testaceis, halteribus albidis.

Female.—Blackish-green: head whitish about the eyes; an-

tenne black; thorax with cinereous tomentum; abdomen lanceo-

late, very much longer than the thorax; legs pale tawny; wings

vitreous ; veins testaceous ; halteres whitish.

Length of the body 23 lines; of the wings 4 lines.

United States.

Sub-Fam. GEOMYZIDES.

Genus Opomyza, Fallen.

Opomyza signicosta.

Testacea, capite antico albido, thorace robusto, abdominis ma-

culis tribus dimidioque apicali nigris, pedibus albidis, alis

sub-cinereis, maculis duabus costalibus nigricantibus.

Testaceous: head whitish in front; thorax rather stout; ab-

domen with a spot on each side near the base, a dorsal spot, and

the apical half black; legs whitish; wings slightly greyish, with

a blackish spot on the costa near the base, and another at two-

thirds of the length; discal transverse vein straight, parted by

twice its length from the border, and by much more than twice

its length from the preebrachial transverse, which is near the base.

Length of the body 13 line; of the wings 3 lines.

United States. 3

Genus Drosopuita, Fallen.

Drosophila dorsivitta.

Testacea, valida, nitens, vitta abdominali nigra, pedibus albidis,

alis vitreis, venis testaceis apud costam nigris.

Testaceous, stout, shining: abdomen with a black dorsal stripe ;

legs whitish; wings vitreous; veins testaceous, black along the

costa; discal transverse vein straight, parted by less than its

length from the border, and by more than twice its length from

the przebrachial transverse vein.

Length of the body 1} line; of the wings 23 lines.

South America.

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 331

Drosophila inversa.

Fusca, subtus pallidior, antennis abdomineque nigris, thoracis

tomento cinereo, pedibus testaceis, alis sub-cinereis, vitta

costali exteriore obscuriore, venis nigris, halteribus albidis.

Brown, paler beneath: antenne black; thorax with cinereous

tomentum; abdomen black; legs testaceous ; wings very slightly

greyish, with a darker grey stripe along the apical half of the

costa; veins black; discal transverse vein straight, parted by

twice its length from the border, and by more than twice its

length from the prebrachial transverse vein; halteres whitish.

Length of the body 1} line; of the wings 3 lines.

United States.

Genus Asre1A, Meig.

Asteia? tenuis.

Nigra, nitens, gracillima, antennis albidis, thoracis disco pallide

cinereo, pedibus albido-testaceis, alis cinereis perangustis,

costa alba apice nigricante, margine postico vitreo, halteribus

pallidis.

Black, shining, very slender: antennze whitish; disk of the

thorax pale cinereous; legs whitish testaceous ; wings grey, very

narrow, vitreous along the hind border, white along the costa,

whose tip is blackish; discal transverse vein straight, oblique,

parted by less than its length from the border, and by much more

than its length from the prebrachial transverse vein; halteres

pale.

Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 3 lines.

United States.

NEMOCERA.

Fam. BIBIONID EE.

Genus Bis1o, Geoffr.

Bibio criorhinus ?

Foem.—Cyaneo-niger, capite nigro valde attenuato, abdomine

atro, alis halteribusque nigris.

Mas.—Pilosissimus, tibiis ferrugineis apice nigris, tarsorum

articulis basi ferrugineis, alis sub-cinereis, venis albidis apud

costam nigris.

Bibio criorhinus? Bellardi, Ditt. Mess. i. 17, 1.

Female. — Bluish-black : head black, much prolonged and

332 Mr. F. Walker’s Churacters of undescribed Diptera

attenuated in front; abdomen deep black; wings and halteres

black.

Male.—Body very pilose; tibize ferruginous, with black tips ;

joints of the tarsi ferruginous at the base; wings very slightly

greyish ; veins whitish ; costal veins black.

Length of the body 23—8 lines; of the wings 5—6 lines.

Mexico.

Bibio birudis.

Mas.—Ater, thorace cyaneo-nigro, tibiis posticis femoribusque

canaliculatis, femoribus tibiisque posticis clavatis, alis nigri-

cante cinereis apud costam nigricantibus.

Male.—Deep black: thorax bluish black; femora and hind

tibia channelled; hind femora and hind tibizw clavate; wings

blackish cinereous, blackish along the costa.

Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

Natal.

Genus Ditoruus, Meig.

Dilophus desistens.

Fom.—Niger, abdomine sub-tuberculato, pedibus_testaceis,

femoribus tibiis tarsisque apice nigris, coxis femoribusque

anticis dilatatis, his sub-spinosis, alis albidis, venis albis,

stigmate pallidé fusco, halteribus testaceis.

Female.—Black : abdomen tuberculated ; legs testaceous ; fe-

mora, tibize and tarsi with black tips; fore coxe and fore femora

dilated, the latter minutely spinose ;_ wings whitish; veins white ;

stigma pale brown; halteres testaceous.

Length of the body 1? line; of the wings 3 lines,

New South Wales.

Fam. SIMULIDA.

Genus Simutium, Latr.

Simulium ochraceum.

Fem.— Testaceum, albo-tomentosum, capite albo, thorace

ochraceo vittis duabus albis, abdomine nigricante basi tes-

taceo, femoribus tibiisque apice nigris, tarsis nigris basi

testaceis, alis vitreis pallido-venosis.

Female.—Testaceous, with white tomentum: head white; an-

tenn testaceous ; thorax ochraceous, with two white stripes ;

abdomen blackish, testaceous at the base; femora and tibiz with

in the Collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. 333

black tips; tarsi black, testaceous towards the base ; wings

vitreous ; veins pale testaceous.

Length of the body 1 line; of the wings 23 lines.

Mexico.

This species can hardly be the female of S. metallicum, Bellardi.

Fam. TIPULIDZ.

Genus Liruworta, Meig.

Limnobia stupens.

Feem.—¥Fusca, palpis nigris, antennis pubescentibus brevius-

culis basi testaceis, pectore testaceo lateribus nigricantibus,

abdomine lurido vitta dorsali nigricante, pedibus testaceis

longiusculis, femoribus apice nigricantibus, alis cinereis,

costa venisque fusco-marginatis, halteribus testaceis apice

fuscis.

Allied to Div. H. Meigen.

Female.—Brown: palpi black; antenne pubescent, testaceous

at the base, about twice longer than the breadth of the head;

pectus testaceons, blackish on each side; abdomen lurid, with a

blackish dorsal stripe; legs testaceous, rather long and slender ;

femora with blackish tips; wings grey, brownish along the costa

and along the veins ; halteres testaceous, with brown knobs.

Length of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 10 lines.

Mexico.

Limnobia nigricola.

Fcem.—Atra, antennis validis setaceis non longis, pedibus non

elongatis, alis nigris.

Female.—Deep black: antenne stout, setaceous, moniliform,

about twice longer than the breadth of the head ; legs moderately

long ; wings black.

Length of the body 33 lines; of the wings 7 lines.

United States.

Genus Treuta, Linn.

Tipula associans.

Mas.—Testacea, antennis apice fuscescentibus non_ pilosis,

thorace vittis tribus fuscis, lateralibus duplicatis, abdomine

apicem versus nigricante, pedibus gracillimis, tarsis lon-

gissimis, alis sub-cinereis, maculis costalibus unaque discali

oblongis fuscis.

Male.—Testaceous: antennz setaccous, not pilose, brownish

towards the tips, much Jonger than the breadth of the head:

thorax with three brown stripes, the lateral pair double ; abdomen

blackish towards the tip, which is pale testaceous; legs very

334 Mr. F. Walker’s Character of undescribed Diptera.

slender; tarsi extremely long, thread-like; wings greyish, with

oblong brown spots along the costa, and with an oblong brown

spot in the discal areolet ; veins black, strongly marked ; halteres

with brownish knobs.

Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 18 lines.

Mexico.

Tipula dispellens.

Fam.—Pallidé cinerea, capite maculis duabus fuscescentibus,

palpis basi nigricantibus, antennis setaceis breviusculis non

pilosis, thorace cervino vittis fuscis, abdomine supra fusce-

scente, pedibus gracillimis pallide testaceis, femoribus fusce-

scentibus, tarsis longissimis, alis sub-cinereis, cost& venisque

fusco-lineatis, halteribus albidis apice fuscis.

Female.—Pale cinereous: head with two brownish spots on the

vertex ; fore part dark brown beneath; palpi blackish towards

the base ; antennz setaceous, moniliform not pilose, a little longer

than the breadth of the head; thorax fawn colour, with two parallel

brown stripes, on each side of which are two brown streaks ; hind

part pale cinereous, with three brown stripes; abdomen brownish

above; legs pale testaceous, very slender; femora brownish,

tarsi very long; wings slightly greyish, brownish along the costa

and along the veins, which are dark brown; halteres whitish, with

brown knobs.

Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 16 lines.

Mexico.

Genus Pacuyrutina, Macq.

Pachyrhina nigrolutea.

Mas.—Leeté flava, capite macula trigona nigra vittaque antica

nigricante, antennis nigris basi flavis, thorace vittis tribus

latis nigris, pectore maculis variis nigris, abdomine nigro basi

subtusque testaceo, pedibus nigricantibus, femoribus flavis,

alis sub-cinereis apud costam sub-luridis, stigmate fusco.

Tipula nigrolutea? Bellardi, Ditt. Mess. 1, 11, 7.

Male.—Bright yellow: head with a large black triangular spot

on the vertex ; mouth with a blackish stripe ; antenne black, yel-

low at the base; thorax with three broad black stripes; pectus

with various black marks; abdomen black, testaceous at the base

and beneath; legs blackish, very slender; cox and femora pale

yellow, the latter with black tips; wings slightly greyish, with a

slight lurid tinge along the costa; veins testaceous, black towards

the tips; stigma brown; halteres with whitish tips.

Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

Mexico.

1 3351)

XXIV. Contributions to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon

Valley. (Continued from page 228.) By H. W.

Bares, Esq., Cor. Memb. Ent. Soc.

[Read November 24th, 1860.]

Group 2. P. Choridamas, and allies.

The preceding group is connected, through P. Madyes and Victorinus, Dbld.,

with the series of fine species of which P. Scamander, Bdv., may be considered

the type, but which has no representative in the equatorial low lands of America.

Next to this might naturally be ranged the group to which P. Polycaon and Thoas

belong ; but I prefer to follow the very evident line of affinity which connects

Protodamas of the preceding, to Choridamas of the present, group. Of the five

species, viz.: P. Choridamas, Bdv.; P. Huperion, Htibn.; P. Phaon, Bdv.;

P. Ulopos, Gray, and P. Pausanias, Hewits., which belong hereto, the last men-

tioned is the only one found on the banks of the Amazon. The group is remark-

able for the tendency to elongation in the wings, which reaches an extreme point

in P. Pausanias; where the facies of a Papilio gives place to that of a Heliconia.

It differs greatly in the antennz from. the species of the preceding group ; those

organs being short, with a strong abrupt club bent outwards, as in the species of

the typical Podalirius group. The abdominal fold of the hind wings is very slight

and turned downwards.

P. Pausanias, Hewits. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1852, pl. 6, f. 2.

On the Amazon I have seen this species only at Villa Nova and at Ega. The

species of Heliconia which it most closely mimics is the H. Clytia; it has also

something of the sailing, circling flight of the Heliconia, but in other respects

shows very different habits. It is never seen in the shades of the woods, to which

the Heliconie are confined; but is observed either about the summits of high

trees, or settled on the muddy margins of the rivers and lakes in company with

species of the preceding group.

Group 3. P. Jlus, and allies.

P. Euryleon, Hewits., of New Granada, connects the preceding naturally

with the present group. Here commences the style of colouration, viz.: black

ground colour, with crimson and white or green belts and spots, which charac-

terizes the main body of Neo-Tropical Papilios. The species of the present

group, however, differ from those of the chief group of these insects in their an-

tenne and habits. The antenne are here generally short, and rather abruptly

clavate, whilst always long and slender in the group mentioned. Their flight is

much more powerful, and, instead of being confined to the shades of the forest,

they frequent the sunny skirts of the woods, and are frequently found with other

strong-flying Papiliones at the moist margins of the rivers. The abdominal fold

to the hind wing of the males, also, is very different from that of the group alluded

to, being scarcely perceptible, whilst always very largely developed in the insects

composing the other group. The chief species are, I/us, F. ; _Ariarathes, Esper ;

Branchus, Doubleday; Harmodius, Dbld.; Euryleon, Hewits., and Hippason,

Cram.* The two last-mentioned differ greatly from the others in the antenne,

whilst agreeing with them well in all other respects.

* Mr. Hewitson has lately acquired from Mexico an inexpressibly beautiful

new species of this group, which | hope he will shortly figure and describe.

336 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Contributions

P ATATAthCS Ss ui0020. 004000 9. Esper, Ausl. Sehmett. t-

14, f. 2 (Ariqrathes).

Gray, Cat. Lep. B. M. p.

60, pl. 11, f. 3 (as Cy-

amon @ ). a

é, Boisd. Sp. Gen. No. 104

(as Jlus, ¥.).

Gray, Cat. Lep. B. M. p.

61 (Ariarathes $ ).

é and ¢, ErichsoninSchomb. Reise

in Brit. Guiana, p. 593

(Ariarathes & and ).

Local var. Cyamon ....-...-- &, Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 60,

pl. 7, f. 1 (Cyamon ¢ ).

Local var. Gayi ........+... & Lucas, Rev.et Mag. Zool.

1852, p. 195 (Gay),

Local var. Evagoras .. g and @, Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 6],

pl. 9, f. 3 and 4 (Era-

goras and @).

The figure of Esper does not show the pointed Jobe in the middle of the margin

of the hind wing, Which, indeed, is indisdinet in some individuals; otherwise it

represents accurately the insect figured by Gray as Cyamon 9. The @ was te-

ferred by Boisduval to the Tlus of Fabr., but it is easy to see trom the description

of Fabr., where he gives the fore wing beneath as immaculate, and the hind wing

as having four red spots at the base, that he had in view a quite different species.

The figure in Jones’s drawings (of which Mr. Westwood kindly showed me a

tracing) agrees with the Fabrician description, which, indeed, represents an insect

that I have not yet seen in any collection, The number of the red spots at the

base of the wings beneath in this group isan important specific character. P. Ari-

arathes, with all its varieties and unfixed local sub-species, has always two red

spots at the base of each wing, with sometimes an indication of a third in the hind

wing of the female. ‘The species is one of the most unstable in its colouration,

and partly so in its wing-outline; the varieties are generally, however, local, but

the individnals composing them are not constant enough, nor are the characters

sufficiently well defined, to induce me to treat them as independent sub-species.

The individuals of the type vary amongst themselves in the same locality. The

g, as pointed out by Erichson, has a triangular, dusty cream-coloured spot,

variable in size, on the foie wing, proceeding from about the middle of the hind

margin and extending obliquely outwards towards the midd'e of the wing. The

apex of the spot sometimes terminates at the first, sometimes extends to the third

median nervule. The red macular belt of the hind wing varies very much in breadth

and in the number of spots of which it is composed. The typical form of Ariar-

athes I obtained chiefly at Para, where none of the local varieties above cited oceur.

It is also found in English, Dutch and French Guiana. It is a rare species, and

flies with great rapidity in sunny places about the borders of plantations.

Var. Cyamon, Gray, &. This is an extreme variety of the ¢. It occurs on

the Upper Amazons. Here, the pale spot of the fore wings, 1ather whiter

than in the type, is removed to near the outer margin of the wing and is pro-

longed into a belt. Other varieties are before me, showing the belt arising

nearer to the middle of the biud margin ; these intermediate forms oceur at

Ega, and lower down the river at Villa Nova, Examples agreeing with the

but none with the Q of the true dArjarathes have been found on the Upper

to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley. 337

Amazon. I found examples ofa 9 incompany with Cuamon, at Eva, destitute

of white spot on the fore wing, which I consider the Q of Cyamon. Ladd a

description of it: —Cyamon 9. Somewhat smaller than 9 Ariarathes. Wings

black, apical halfof fore wing much clearer, fuscous. Fore wing, above, imma-

culate ; beneath, with two deep-red spots at the base. Hind wing, above, with a

belt composed of five elongate red spots, of which the anal one is geminated,

the central one sometimes extending into the cell; beneath, the same spots

paler in colour, and with two deep-red spots at the base. Rest as in P.

Ariarathes. ‘Two specimens taken at Nga.

Var. Gayi, Lucas ¢. Also an extreme var. of the ¢. I obtained a s‘ngle

example at Ega, which I have compared with the typical specimen of Gayi

in the Collection of the Jardin des Plantes, at Paris. The spot of the fore

wing, darker and clearer cream-coloured than in driarathes, is large and

sub-quadrate in form, and situated nearer to the base of the wing on the hind

margin. The red macular beit of the hind wing is reduced to two spots,

viz.: one, the usual twin spot at the anal angle, and another a little re-

moved from it. ‘The rest as in the Ariarathes . The Parisian specimen was

obtained from Cusco, in the south of Peru, doubtless from the humid forests

of the Upper Ucayali near there, which are continuous with those of the

Teffé, where mine was captured.

Var. Evagoras, Westw., Gray, ¢ and 9. This form was described from spe-

cimens taken in Venezuela by Dyson, having been first referred erroneously

by Doubleday to the I/us of Fabricius. The ¢ differs in no essential point

from the ¢ of the Ariarathes type. The 9 is rather more distinct, the spot of

the fore wings being dusky cream-coloured instead of white. ‘The character

offered by the red belt of the hind wing extending into the cell, as given in

Gray's figure, is not of specific importance, as it occurs in individuals of

several other species of this and allied groups. Males agreeing with Eva-

goras have been taken on the Rio Negro in the Amazon region, and I found

the form also at Ega. It is a curious fact, that most of those @ Papiliones

which, towards the mouth of the Amazon, have a large white spot on the fore

wing, show a tendency to lose it in localities higher up the river, or in

Guiana, as we shall see presently in P. Hippason and P. Lusander. In some

species, indeed, the white spot changes in some of the individuals to a dusky

yellowish tint, as well as disappearing altogether in others. In the present

species we see the @ has lost the spot in @ Cyamon, and has changed the

colour of itin Q Evagoras. The same takes place in P. Patros of Gray, as

will be seen in treating of that species,

P. Hippason oo cceveedcsccecso fy Cram, 29 Budi Chappason.

g, ib. 269 A. B. (Amosis).

Local var. Paraensis, nob. ¢ and 2, Gray Cat. B. M. p. 58, pl.

10, f. 3 (Hippason, var.

Da)

P. Hippason occurs in the Amazon region only as a local variety of the Surinam

type, as figured by Cramer. But the variety is shown distinctly only in the female

sex, as in other species of Papilio. The gray and white spot of the fore wing of

the ¢ differs much in examples from one and the same locality. The 9 of the

Surinam type, so far as we know, has spotless fore wings; in the Puraensis it

has always a large rounded white spot in the centre. It is only found in the

neighbourhood of Para, where it frequents the borders of the luxuriant, humid

forest to the N.E.of the city. It flies very rapidly, but is not very difficult of

capture on account of the fearlessness with which it allows itself to be approached

when settled on foliage. It is a strikingly handsome species, distinguished from

all its congeners by ifs peculiarly straight antenna, and is interesting as having

no other species nearly allied to it, and being confined in its range to Guiana and

the Delta of the Amazon,

338 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Contributions

Group 4. P. Anchisiades, and allies.

This group approximates in the character of the slenderness of the antenna to

the great Zneas group of Tropical American Papiliones, and indeed might be

included therein, did it not contain a number of species of peculiar facies (eg

P. Pharnaces, Dd.; P. Photinus, Dd.,; P. Thymbreus, Bdv., &c.), which would

not harmonise well with the other species. hey have not, either, the ample

abdomina! wing-fold so characteristic of the group mentioned, They are allied,

in this and other respects, to P. Torquatus of the Thoas group. They are not true

forest butterflies, like the A2neas series of species ; they frequent merely the skirts

of the woods and congregate on the moist margins of water. Anchisiades, and

some of its varieties, are the only forms found on the banks of the Amazon.

P. Anchisiades ........Esper, Aus. Schmett. t. 13, f. 1, 2.

Cram. 318 A. B.C. D.(as?An-

chises, Lin).

Local var. Istdorus.. & Doubld. Ann. Nat. Hist. xviii.

(1846), p. 374.

Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 64, pl. 5, f. 1.

This is a very variable species, at least in some localities. On comparing a

series of examples of the allied form Ideus, Fabr., from different localities with

the present, I think it would be difficult to find characters constant enough to

separate them as two species; one form or other of the two occurs over a wide ex-

tent of country, from Rio Grande in 32° S. lat. to Mexico, in 16° N. lat. The

varieties found in the Amazon region, however, I will refer to the Anchisiades,

taking Cramer’s figures as the type. In the typical form both sexes have a large,

rounded, dull white spot on the fore wing, and a broad belt of four elongate red

spots on the hind wing; the dentations of the hind wing are of equal size, and

the three marginal sinuses nearest the angle are tinged with rose colour, the rest

being bordered with white. Very few of the examples found by me on the

Upper and Lower Amazon agree with the type in these characters; but the

individuals vary in one and the same locality. The following are some of the

varieties.

Var.a, ¢. Marginal sinuses all bordered narrowly with white, that at the

anal angle only being spotted with rose colour. White spot of fore wing

reduced in size, being enclosed between the post-median nervure and the first

median nervule. Santarem, Lower Amazon.

Var. b, ¢. Hind wing very much produced towards the anal angle and the

whole outer margin scarcely convex. Marginal sinuses all bordered with

white. Ega, in company with the type.

Var. e. Isidorus, Dd., ¢. The example before me is only an approximation

to the Isidorus, Dd. ‘The fore wing above is immaculate. The hind wing

has the dentation at the third median nervule much more produced than the

others. The sinuses are all edged with white. The red belt of hind wing is

similar to that of the type, but much smaller. Beneath, the fore wing has a

large dusky-white spot, half way between the median nervure and the hind

angle, divided by the first and second median nervules ; ; the hind wing has,

in the place of the red belt of the upper surface, a series of four spots, of

which the two central ones are large, and pinkish-white in colour, the outer

one very small, cf same colour; the inner one rounded and rose-red ; all

four are accompanied on the upper side by a small rose-red spot. There is

also a row of three similar red spots between them and the costal edge of

the wing. P. Isidorus differs a little from this variety, but only as a further

divergence from the type ; it was found in Bolivia. My specimen I took at

Ega, in company with the type, Anchisiades. P. Ideus occurs in the south

of Brazil; other inconstant forms occur in Honduras and Mexico, some of

which have not yet been described either as species or varieties (e.g. P.

Pandion, Bdv., of the French collections). I bred P. Anchisiades from

to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley. 339

larve feeding on the orange tree at Santarem ; the larva is figured by Stoll,

plenlt2.

Group 5. P. 4neas, and allies.

This, the most numerous group of American Papiliones, is distinguished from

all the others by several important characters. The antenne are very long and

slender ; gradually thickened and strongly curved upwards, at the tip: the ab-

dominal fold of the hind wings is very strongly developed, soft in texture and

turned upwards, enclosing generally a mass of silky, down-like pubescence. The

style of colouration is very similar throughout the whole of the species ; viz., black

ground, with white or green spots on the fore wing, and crimson or yellow belts or

spots on the hind wing. In habits they all agree in being exclusively frequenters

of the shades of the forest. They are peculiarly the creatures of those vast, varied

and humid forests which clothe the wide-spreading equatorial plains and every

sweltering river-valley of tropical America, from the river Plata (about 28° S.

lat.) to Mexico (about 16° or 18° N, lat.). Southern and Central Brazil yield

five species, Columbia with Peru about thirteen, Central America and Mexico

about five ; whilst the Amazon valley with Guiana yield about twenty-two, most

of which are exclusively found there. I believe no species has hitherto been

found in the West Indian Islands (Trinidad, which is supposed to yield one, must

be considered merely a detached portion of the main land) ; and of the seventeen

Cuban species of Papilio, enumerated by Lucas in Sagra’s ‘ Histoire de Cuba,” no

one belongs to this group. In the forests of the Amazons they abound both in

species and individuals, each of the subdivisions of the country yielding its

peculiar species and local varieties. They are of rather slow flight, and are gene-

rally seen threading their way amongst the lower trees and bushes in the more

humid and luxuriant parts of the forest, being most abundant in the periods of

the year between the diy and the wet seasons. Sometimes they mount to con-

siderable elevations, attracted by the conspicuous flowers of climbing plants. The

females always fly nearer the ground, and slower than the males ; depositing their

eggs, in passing, on the underside of the leaves, one on a leaf, of low plants.

They are not related closely to any other group of Papitiones either of North

America, or any part of the Old World; their nearest alliance is through the

South Brazilian P. Dardanus, with the Agavus group, which is found nowhere

but in the south of Brazil, and, although of very different facies, shows in its

colouration and in the ample abdominal fold of the males a proximate relation to

the present. The group is essentially American ; showing, like the Platyrrhine

Monkeys, the arboreal Edentata, the Toucans, the Cracide, &c. in the mammals

and birds, the features of South American organization, its distinctiveness and its

adaptation to a forest country of enduring continuance and vast extent. The

sexes differ very much in colours, and the females are generally more subject to

vary than the males; in consequence, mistakes have been made by almost all the

authors who have written upon them, and the nomenclature is in a very confused

condition, The colour of the fringe in the sinuses of the wing-margins is an im-

portant character and very useful in the elucidation of the species; 1 shall class

the species according to it.

Section 1. Fringe of the wings white or yellowish.

P.. Sesostris ........ 6, Cram. 211 F. G. and authors.

@, Tb. 277 C.D. (as 2. Lullysy.

@, Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 58, pl. 5, f. 2 (as

P. Cutora @ ).

The male of this beautiful species does not vary in the slightest throughout the

country which I explored, through 22 degrees of longitude, from Para to Tabatinga ;

being always conformable to the Surinam type as figured by Cramer; but 6 de-

grees further west, on the Napo, near the foot of the Andes, it begins to vary ;

specimens from there showing the commencement of an elongate crimson spot,

near the abdominal edge of the hind wing. These are found in conjunction with

340 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Contributions

a still further divaiication from the type, viz., the P. Childrene, Gray (Griff. An.

King. pl. 38, f. 1, 2; Edippus, Lucas, Voy. de Cast. Lep. pl. 2, f. 4), and also

with the typical Sesostris. P. Children in the valleys of the Andes near Bogota,

becomes the prevailing form ; indeed, I have seen large numbers of it in collections

from there, unaccompanied by a single individual of the type. Another variety,

differing from Childrene, occurs further northward in Honduras, the Q of which

only has been figured (Zestos, Gray, loc. cit.).* The female varies a little in the

breadth of the crimson belt of the hind wing, in the presence or absence of a spot

between the third median nervule and the lower discoidal nervure, and of a

similar spot between the upper discoidal and the costal nervures of the hind wing.

The cream-coloured spot of the fore wing also varies a little in size and shape but

not in position. In the Honduras var. Zestos, the spot undergoes a more con-

siderable alteration (fig. loc. cit.). P. Sesostris is the boldest flier of the group ;

but I have never seen him out of the forest shades.

PaVeriumnus .occcase, 6. Cram. 211,-A.B.

Var. 9 Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 48, pl. 11, f. 4

(as P. Diceros).

Var. 2 (Bdv.) Lucas, Rev. and Mag. Zool.

1852, p. 489 (as P. Phronius).

Var. @ Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 48, pl. 8, f. 6

(as-P. Cixius)::

Var. 2 Bdv. Sp. Gen.’ Pap.-No. 117 (as

Ceelus).

Local Var. Cutora, Gray, g Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 58, pl. 10%, f. 6.

If we except the strongly marked variety Cutora, the g of this is subject to no

great variation from Para to the Peruvian frontier. The so-called var. fig. C. of

Cramer has not been found on the Amazon. The true Vertumnus varies only in

the presence or absence of a white speck ia the green patch of the fore wing, and of

a fourth opalescent crimson spot in the hind wing. But the Q varies so much that it

is difficult to find two individuals alike. What I consider to be the typical or most

usual form of the sex bas not been described ; but it agrees with the figure of P.

Diceros of Gray, except that the crimson band is not sub-opalescent. The white

spot of the fore wing varies from the large, irregular pa'ch of the var. Ca/us, to

the small quadrate spot of the var. Civins. The crimson belt of the hind wing, in

some examples sub-opalescent, is sometimes narrower sometimes broader ; some-

times consists of five spots with indications of a sixth, but generally of only four.

The dentations of the hind wing, also, vary very much in size, sharpness, and

prominence, the central one being sometimes longer than the others. The true

Vertumnus appears to be confined to Guiana and the Amazon region. At Surinam

it shows a strongly marked var, (the fig. C, Cram. t. 211), which extends into

Columbia, and is P. Telmosis, Bdv. Col. Towards the frontier of Peru in the

Amazon region, it shows a variety of quite a different nature to Telmosis, the

Cutora of Gray. In the Andean valleys of New Granada it is represented by {or

perhaps becomes changed to) the P. Purochles, Doubled. (Gray, Cat. pl. 9, f. 2),

but in some part of the same country it shows a nearer resemblance to its type,

as in P. Phaenon, (Kollar, Beitr, N. Gr. t. 1, f. 5,6). Inthe P. Zeuris and in

several undescribed varieties from New Granada, there appears to be a transition

between the forms resembling Vertumnus and those resembling Proteus, whilst

* There isa g& example in the B. M. Coll. from Honduras, which seems inter-

mediate between P. Sesostris and P. Childrene ; it has a narrow ciimson spot on

the hind wing between the abdominal margin and the first median nervule. It

may be considered the g of Zestos. Examples occur from New Granada and

the Napo. ‘The green spot of the fore wing ts as in P. Sesostris.

to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley. 341

at Para, Vertwmnus keeps itself perfectly distinct from, although existing in the

same forest with the form there represenung P. Proteus, viz. the P. Hierocles,

Gray. Vertumnus is found in the humid forests near Para, generally in company

with P. Aneus, flying slowly : on the Upper Amazon it delights to settle on the

oist margins of the rivulets which there flow through every ravine in the forest,

where in the chequered shade many of the most beautiful forest butteiflies love to

congregate, as P. Crassus, Pieris Lorena, Eubagis Persis and many others.

Local var. Cutora, Gray, ioc. cit. This form bas a very different aspect from the

type, on account of the peculiar colour of the spot of the fore wing, which is

yellowish-olivaceous instead of green. In the example before me the opalescent

crimson spots of the hind wing are only two in number, and, beneath, are yel/ow in

colour ; the fringe also is yellowish, Had it occurred in numbers in its locality,

to the exclusion of the type, I should have treated it as an independent or fixed

form of its group. It is foundon the Upper Amazon only, at Ega and St. Paulo,

1n company with the type but much rarer. IL have an example of a Q from Ega,

which I consider to be the Q of Cutora; I add a diagnosis of it. P. Cutora 2.

Size and form of P. Diceros, dentations of the hind wing much less acute. Fore

wing immaculate above and beneath, and of a fuscous colour. Hind wing witha

sub-opalescent crimson belt, similar in form to that of P. Diceros, but wanting the

outermost spot: the belt beneath pale rose coluur,

P. Mierocles 8, Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 55, pl. 10, f. 2.

9 ibs. p. 59, pl. 9; f..9 (as Mzerocles 9%):

£9. 1b, p56, pl.10, f.:6-(as. Aglaopen?.):

@ ibe p.52, plo 10*, £7 (as Phenasye

@ ib. p. 49 (as Cyphotes).

The ¢@ is tolerably constant to the type as figured by Gray. It varies, as do

all the species of the group, in the greater or less prominence of the-dentations of

the hind wing: the opalescent crimson macular belt of the hind wing varies in

breadth, aud the number of spots of which it is composed varies from three to

five. In some individuals the belt is in the same position as it is in examples of

the P. Proteus of Rio Janeiro. The Q varies more than the g. The white

spot of the fore wing varies in size, but it is always of a clear white. The crimson

belt of the hind wing consists of five or six spots (the anal one sometimes gemi-

nated) rather widely separated ; sub-oval in shape, varying in size, the second and

third always the largest, the fifth often large and rounded: it crosses the wing

in the same position as the macular belt of the g. The range of the species is

restricted to Paré. It will probably be found also in the other northern provinces

of Brazil, and must be looked upon as the representative in these revions of the P.

Proteus of Rio Janeiro. It flies in the same forest as its ally P. Vertumnus, but

prefers the dryer areas, where the soil is light and sandy, Vertumnus being touud

more in the lower and moister districts, ‘They keep themselves perfectly distinet,

and no instance of hybridity has come under my notice. ‘Ihe forms of this group

vesembling Proteus are numerous, and taken together have a wide range. At

Corrientes, on the Plata, beyond the tropics, a magnificent form oceurs, P. Orbig-

nyanus, Lucas; in Bolivia and in the forests of Peru, east of the Andes, P, Erlaces,

Gray (Cat. B. M. pl. 8, f.9). In Venezuela there is a beautiful representative,

viz. P, Erithalion, Boisd. (Gray, 10*, f. 3 and 4); in New Granada, P. Serupis,

Boisd. (Sp. Gen. t. 1 B. f. 2), which comes nearer our /?. Hierocles. In Hon-

duras there is P. Iphidamas, F. (Gray, pl. 8, f. 1 and 2), and in Mexico, P.

Panares, Gray (pl. 10, f. 4), of which P. Alector, Bdy. MSS., is probably the ¢.

Lastly, in the east, probably in the Island of ‘Trinidad, there occus P. Cymochles,

Dd. (Gray, pl. 10, f. 8). No representative has as yet been found in Guiana,* or

* Since writing the above I have acquired a specimen of a Papilio ftom Deme-

rara, which resembles P. Telmosis (Cram. 211 C.), but also approaches in many

points P, Hierocles of Para, and P, Evithalion of Venezuela. 1 add a brief de-

342 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Contributions

in any part of the Amazon region except the neighbourhood of Para. In its

habits it resembles P. Vertumnus, and is never seen out of the shades of the forest.

P. Aineas g , Lin. Reesel, Ins. ix. t. 2, f. 2 (AZneas).

Cram. 279 C. D. (as Zineas, L. ¢ ).

¢, Hiibn. Samm. Ex. t. 121 (as Marcius),

This species offers no notable variation in either sex. It is, at the same time, of

very limited range, having been found only in Guiana and the southern part of

the Delta of the Amazons, at Para. In the latter district it is always found in

company with P. Vertumnus.

P. Bolivar $ , Hewits. Tr. Ent. Soc. 1851, p. 97, pl. 10, f. 2.

@, Gray, Cat. B. M. pl. 10, f. 7.

From Par4 to the mouth of the Rio Negro neither P. meas nor any form

resembling it occurs; but on the Upper Amazons, at Ega, there is found the

present species, apparently very distinct from eas ; but from the similarity of

its habits, and from the fact that in all its marks of difference analogous cases are

offered by other local forms, which from having them less in degree are considered

as mere varieties of their type, I am inclined to consider it as a geographical

variety of that species. At Para, P. 4neas flies in company with P. Vertwmnus ;

in the same way P. Bolivar has this species for companion at Ega; but Ver-

tumnus has only changed in some individuals (P. Cutura), whilst Bolivar has

totally varied fiom its type. P. Cutora, however, in the points where it differs

from Vertumnus, differs in the same direction in which P. Bolivar does from P.

/Eneas ; viz. the green spot of the fore wing changes to olivaceous, and the red

spot of hind wing beneath to yellow; the contrast in colour, however, being more

strongly marked in the one than in the other case. ‘The @ has changed from the

@ £neas far more than has the same sex in Cutora from its type; but only in

the substitution of yellow for crimson on the hind wings, a change of colour which

we shall see has a tendency to occur in other species (P. Patros, Gray). Some

note should also be taken of the greater isolation of P. Bolivar in its geographical

relations to its type, and also of the important fact, which a close study of species

in natural history will reveal, that species differ immensely amongst each other

in their susceptibility of change. Susceptibility of change, power of adaptation

with or without change to new local circumstances, are qualities or characters of

species, just as much as bodily structure or peculiar instincts. The subject of

‘ representative species” was constantly forced on my attention during my travels.

After becoming thoroughly familiar with the productions of one region during

several years’ residence, I have at different times, removed to another several

hundred miles distant, and have been then obliged to notice the changes of ap-

pearance that many of my old friends had put on; some more, others less; whilst

some had assumed quite the form of new and distinct species. It 1s not, however,

all the allied species thus representing each other that can be considered in the

light of having varied the one from the other; there are cases in which two such

scription of it. P. Phosphorus, nob. ¢. Shape of P. Hierocles, the opalescent

crimson macular belt of the hind wing consisting of four spots (with a fifth very

ininute), placed exactly asin examples of Hierocles ; fore wing with a broad, short,

triangular grey-green spot in the middle of its hind margin, the apex nearly reaching

the second median nervule, and having two minute white specks in it, one behind

the second, the other behind the first median nervule. Demerara. This insect

is especially interesting as serving to connect still closer the forms between P. Ver-

tumnus and P. Proteus. If the presence of connecting links obliges us to sink two

species into one, these two forms ought to be considered as one species, that is, one

of them as a local modification of the other; how is it then that one of the local

varieties, Hierocles, presents the most distinct attribute of a true species, in asso-

eiating with Vertumnus without amalgamating with it?

to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley. 343

species occur together over a wide district on the frontiers of their respective

regions without amalgamating or showing any intermediate forms. In some cases

the differences between the two are much more strongly marked than in others;

and then we must seek for other causes of their origin than the operation of local

conditions on one aod the same species in distant points of its present zrea of

distnbution.

P. Triopas, Godt. Encyce. Méth. ix. p. 33, No. 23.

This is another species of confined range. It occurs only in Guiana, at Para and

on the Lower Amazon. I found it chiefly at Para and Obydos. It has been gene-

rally placed in classifications far away from the present group, but an examination

of its antennz and the abdominal fold of the ¢ will show at once that this is its

right position. Indeed, this and the following, I look upon as the culmination of

the type of the group. Ina group of the Papilio genus, where the effects of a

confined forest habitat are seen in many points of structure, as well as in the

enfeebled powers of flight, these two species show these characteristics to a greater

extent than any of their congeners. ‘The female flies near the ground and very

slowly, but the male takes a higher and rather bolder flight.

P. Chabrias, Hewits. Tr. Ent. Soc. 1852, pl. 6, f. 1, 9.

The ¢ has not been figured. It agrees in colour and markings with the 9.

It is found exclusively on the Upper Amazons, where no example of P. Triopas

has occurred, and I consider it a geographical modification or sub species of the

latter, in the same way as P. Bolivar is of P. Aneas.

P. Orellana $, Hewits. Tr. Ent. Soc. 1852, p. 24, pl. 5, f. 2.

This most beautiful and distinct species has the same glossy steel black ground

colour of the wings as P. Panthonus, Cr. The latter, however, has a rose-coloured

fringe, whilst the example of P. Orellana has, although it is seanty and obscure, a

white fringe. It is, therefore, a species which has no near ally in any part of

tropical America. I found only one individual during a four years’ stay iv the

district, at Ega, on the slopes of a luxuriant ravine in the forest, flying in company

with P, Sesustrisand P. Lysander.

Section 2. Fringe of the wings rose-coloured.

P. Aglaope $ , Gray, Cat. B.M. p. 55, pl. 10, f. 5, g.

The ¢ would be similar to the fig. 6, pl. 10, of Gray, if the fringe were rose-

coloured instead of white; but I have not seen any Q which I could refer to this

species. The g is nearly allied to P. Euristeus, Cr. (t. 29 F.), and to P. Pan-

thonus, Cr. (278 C. D.); all three belonging to the rarest of neo-tropical Pa-

piliones. Aglaope was taken at Para; I have only seen two examples of it, one

in the B. M. Collection, and one in my own.

BL Lysander: x. ives +2 6: Cram, t; 29 C; D. (Lysander),

— Eurymas, Godt. and Boisduval.

— Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 53, pl. 8, f.7 (as

é of Brissonius, Hiibn., the fringe

white, by error of colourist).

9, Cram. 386 C. D. (as Arbates).

— Hiibn. Samm. (as Arbates).

— Boisd. Sp. Gen. Pap. No. 118, part

(as 2 of Panthonus).

—- Godt. Encye. ix. Pap. No. 31 (as

Anchises, L.).

344 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Contributions

P. Lysander .......... %, Hiibn. Samml. (as Pompeius, cor-

rected in his Verz. to Brissonius).

— Gray, Cat. B. M. pl. 8, f. 8 (as @ of

Brissonius, Htbn.).

Local var. Parsodes, Gray, 6, Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 54, pl. 8, f. 3 (as

Parsodes &, fringe white, by error

of colourist).

@, Gray, Cat. B. M. pl. &, f.4 (as Par-

sodes @, fringe white, by error).

— Gray, Cat. p. 57 (as Sonoria), and

pl. 10, f. 1 (as Sonoria, var.).

The 9 of this species, like those of Ariarathes, Hippason, Vertumnus and others,

varies in the white spot of the fore wing, which is sometimes wanting altogether.

This, together with its proper mate being unknown, has given rise to much con-

fusion in the synonymy. The varieties of the 9, however, are nearly constant

according to locality. he Surinam form has generally an obscure small white

spot; at Cayenne a great many have the same spot (Jardin des Plantes, as Pan-

thonus @), but there occur others with a larger spot divided in two by the 2nd

median nervule (Boisd. Sp, Gen. p. 290). On the Upper Amazon every @, with-

out exception, is spotless; at Villa Nova, on the Lower Amazon, most of them

are spotless. but there occur a few with a slight trace of white spot. At Para

and on the Tocantins, where the species abounds, every individual has a very large

white spot, almost always entering the cell. As the male in the latter locality

shows generally a broader and brighter green spot of the fore wing, it is here

treated as a local sub-species of Lysander, and may be considered as a tolerably

constant and fixed formn. The spotless, or small-spot 9, has generally been con-

sidered as the Q of Panthonus. Panthonus, however, does not occur on the

Amazon. I have seen examples of both sexes from Demerara, the @ resembles

closely the ¢, and can very readily be distinguished from Arbates by the shape of

the red spots of the hind wing. The Arbates of Cramer is decidedly not the @ of

Panthonus. Lysander is found very abundantly at Kga and St. Paulo on the

Upper, and at Villa Nova on the Lower, Amazons. Parsodes is confined exclu-

sively to the district of Para. They prefer the most humid parts of the forest, and

fly heavily. Parsodes especially delights in the swampy palm groves which clothe

the numberless islets at the mouth of the Tocantins.

P. Echelus, 8, Hiibn. Samml.

¢, ib. (as Echemon).

Var. ¢? Gray, Cat. p. 55, pl. 10*, f. 1 (as Spartacus, Dd.)

This species appears to occur in no other country except the lower part of the

Amazon. It is the commonest of all the species of its group at Para, and re-

occurs at Santarem, on the southern shore of the Lower Amazon, but less abun-

dantly. On the northern shore, at Serpa and Barra, it is represented by P.

Erveteles. At Cayenne, however, there occurs a form intermediate between the

two, as will be mentioned presently. Echelus prefers the diier districts in the

forest, and flies in company with P. Hierocles. It delights to settle on flowers,

especially the pendulous spikes of flowers of Combretaceous plants, which hang

from the overarching trees in the narrow alleys of the forest near Para,

P. Ergeteles §, Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 52, pl. 8, f. 5.

The following is a diagnosis of the 9, from a unique specimen in my collec-

tion: —P. Ergeteles 9. Similar to Echelus Q. Fore wing much more pointed,

having in its centre a rounded, dingy white spot, dusty round its edge, and divided

by the second median nervule. Hind wing with a crimson belt, much broader

to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley. 345

and less distinctly macular than P. Echelus, composed of six spots, of which two

smaller, anal; the next three much elongated, like the corresponding ones in the

$, and the sixth small, triangular. The rest as in P. Echelus Q. This beautiful

insect, apparently so distinct, takes the place of Echelus on the north shore of the

Amazon, but it dues not pass apparently the Rio Negro to the west. It is evi-

dently a local sub-species of Echelus. At Cayenne there occurs a form, appa-

rently intermediate between the two; but the individuals there vary considerably

amongst themselves, like species in process of transition. I add a description of it

in a note, from two examples which I obtained lately in Paris.*

P. Aneides g, Esper, Aus]. Schmett. t. 15, f. 3, ¢.

Cram. t. 279 A. B. (as 4ineas, Lin. ¢).

9, Gray, Cat. B.-M. p. 51, pl. 9, f. 8 (as Zineides, @ ).

This species occurs in Guiana and on the Lower Amazons. At Para, where

Echelus is so common, it is not found at all, but is extremely plentiful on the

Tocantins. It reappears at St. Paulo, near Peru, as a well-marked local sub-

species. Its habits are those of Echelus; it frequents rather the high and dry

parts of the forest, but yet those where there is an alluvial soil, especially delight-

Ing in the cacao groves, and the wildernesses of second growth forest usually

found in their vicinity.

P. Olivencius, nob.

$. Size, shape and ground colour of wings asin P. Zneides #. Fore wing

with a large sub-triangular, greyish-green spot, nearly touching the hind margin

about the middle, its apex reaching the second median nervule. Hind wing with

a large crimson palmate spot as in P. Zneides. Q. Fore wing spotless. Hind

wing with a belt of pale carmine spots, six in number, extending in a waved line

across the wing, a little behind the cell; the spots are nearly equal in size, similar

in length to those of Echelus 9, but much more widely separated by the inter-

vening nervures. This sub-species or local form of P. neides is abundant at

the village of St. Paulo de Olivencia, near the frontier of Peru. I have also seen

an example of it from Bogota, in the Hopean Collection at Oxford. At St. Paulo

it is constant to the characters given above. ‘The most westerly point of the range

of the typical neides is Obydos, 13} degrees of longitude to the east of St.

Paulo. Between the two stations no form resembling either occurs. P. Aneides,

like P. Proteus, is a form which seems to have spread over the whole of tropical

America, but presenting in different regions weli-defined and constant local forms,

which have been treated by authors as distinct species. Thus, in the plains of

Bolivia, south eastward of the locality of P. Olivencius, there occurs P. Eurybates

(Gray, Cat. p. 51, pl. 9,f. 1). Westward of the Andes, at Guayaquil, it pre-

sents us the form of P. Timias (Gray, Cat. p. 50, pl. 9, f. 5). Northward, on the

Orinoco, it occurs as P. Agathocles (Kollar, Beitr. Ios. f. New Gran. p. 2). Fur-

ther north, beginning in the east at Berbice, in Guiana (Cram. t. iv. p. 199), it

spreads through Venezuela and New Granada as P. Eurimedes (Cram. 386, E. F.).

* P. Echephron, nob. &. Size, shape and ground colour of the wings as in

P. Echelus. Fore wing strongly produced at tip, as in that species, with a green

spot between the sub-median nervure and the second median nervule, divided

into two unequal ones by the first median nervule; beneath immaculate. Hind

wing with a large crimson spot, divided by the median nervules into four, of which

the first, second and third are very much more elongated than in P. Echelus. I

obtained one example from Dr. Boisduval and one from a dealer at Paris, and

was informed they were sent from the interior of French Guiana by M. Bar. I

should consider this to be the Opleus, Godt., did-he not distinctly say the fringe in

that species was white.

VOL. V. N.S. PART VIII.—FEB. 1861. AA

346 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Contributions

In Nicaragua and Mexico it recedes further from the type, as P. Mylotes* (Gray

MSS.). The species of South and Central Brazil (P. Zacynthus and P. Orsillus)

appear rather further removed from the type, but still are probably only further

modifications of the same common form.

P. Zacynthus .. $, Fab. E. S. iii. 1, 15, 46.

9, ib. 16, 47 (as Dimas).

Var. Polymetus g, Godt. Encyc. ix. 35, 28.

There is an example of the variety Polymetus in the British Museum Collec-

tion, said to have been taken by me at Para. I have no recollection of having

taken it and have seen no other Amazonian specimen. On this account, and from

the fact of the form being probably confined to South-Eastern Brazil, I think it

likely some mistake has occurred regarding the derivation of the specimen.

P. Orsillus, Gray, Swainson, Zool. Illustr. Ist ser. pl. 92, gand 9

(as Polymetus, Godt.)

This is the North Brazilian form of Zacynthus, and is the prevailing species at

Pernambuco. It extends also to the middle and lower parts of the course of the

river Tapajos, a southern affluent of the Amazons. It certainly does not occur

in the alluvial plains of the main river.

Group 6. P. Thoas, and allies.

The antennz in this group are moderately long and slender, with an elongate,

gradually-thickened club. The males sometimes differ from the females strongly

in colouration. They have generally spots or belts of an ochreous-yellow colour

on an olivaceous or fuscous black ground colour of wings. Although they are

“ swallow-tails,” they differ greatly from the Machaon and Podalirius groups of

the genus; and they are more immediately connected through P. Torguatus with

the Anchisiades group of American Papiliones. Their habits are in perfect con-

trast to those of the preceding group. They are never seen at home in the shades

of the forest, but prefer the open country, the gardens and plantations near the

towns and villages, and the borders of the forest. They fly boldly and sometimes

soar to great elevations. The females settle on flowers on the borders of the forest.

The species, as might be inferred from their more locomotive habits, are of more

extensive range than the £neas group, some one or more of them being found

from Chili to the southern parts of the United States; they are abundant too in

the West India Islands, which appear to be the focus of the group.

P. Polycaon $, Cram. 203 A. B.

?, ib. 16C.D.(Androgeus), and var. ib, 204 A.B.

(Piranthus).

Common in open places throughout the Amazon region. Both varieties of the

@ occurred. The species is found from the south of Brazil to Cuba.

* P. Mylotes, Gray, List Lep. B. M. No. 258. As the species has not been

described, I add a short diagnosis. g. Size, shape and ground colour of wings

as in P. Eurimedes $. Fore wing with a large triangular spot behind the

median nervule, connected at its apex with a smaller one lying across the cell

towards its apex, green, with two rather large cream-coloured spots terminating

it, one of them between the second and third median nervules, the other lying

across the cell. The base of the green spot lies between the first median nervule

and the post-median nervure. Hind wing with a carmine palmate spot as in

Eurimedes. ¢. Similar to 9 Eurimedes, an oblong cream-coloured spot lying

across the middle of the wing, traversed by the median nervure and third median

nervule. Hund wing with a very broad belt, pale carmine, crossing the wing,

close behind the cell; it consists of five elongate spots, the intersecting nervures

very faintly indicated, and it does not enter the cell. Nicaragua, from M. De-

lattre’s Collection.

to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley. 347

P. Lycophron g, Hiibn. Samm. Ex.

@, Boisd. Sp. Gen. 358, 201, Lucas in Sagra’s Hist.

de Cuba, pl. 16, f. 1 (as Pirithous).

I found this species only at Camet4 on the Tocantins, flying rapidly in an

orange grove, in company with P. Thoas and others. The example before me is

much smaller than those from other parts of Brazil, and the lunules of the sub-

marginal row on the hind wing ate much smaller than represented in Hubner’s

figure. The species occurs from the south of Brazil to Cuba. It offers in some

countries well-marked local varieties, one of which is the P. Hippomedon, Felder,

Lep. Fragmente, p. 25.

P. Thoas, Linn. Cram. 167 A. B.

This common neo-tropical species is subject to much variation. One of the

varieties is understood to prevail in the northern part of its range, viz., the West

India Islands and the southern parts of the United States, as P. Cresphontes, Cr.

(165 A. B. and 166 B.), but I do not know whether it is sufficiently well marked

and constant to be considered as a well defined sub-species. In the Amazonian

region Thoas is found only about the Delta of the river. In Para specimens the

sub-marginal lunules of the hind wings are much more rounded and obtuse than

in Cramer’s fig., or in Bogota examples before me. On the Upper Amazons it is

wholly replaced by the following.

P. Cinyras, Ménétriés, Cat. de Ja Coll. Imp. Ac. &c. de St.

Petersburg, p. 111, t. 7, f. 3.

This well-marked and fixed local form, whose ‘‘ specific rights” have given rise

to much useless controversy in some Entomological journals of Germany, first

appears in ascending the river, at Villa Nova. I neglected to notice whilst I

resided there, whether it was the exclusive form of Thoas in the locality. At Ega,

however, I convinced myself that it was there the only form which occurred. All

the individuals examined agree with the excellent figure of M. Ménétriés. It

appears to occur also at Bahia (Ménétr. loc. cit.), probably in the interior of the

country (Felder, Lep. Fragmente, p. 26).

P., Torquatus...- 6 ,Cram. 117 A.B.

¢, Hiibn. Samm, (as Caudius).

Local var. Patros 2, Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 43, pl. 7, f. 5, 7, 8.

The male is found throughout the country and offers very little variation. The

female varies very much between the Upper and the Lower Ainazons. The dif-

ference is so great between the sexes that it is only the evidence afforded by

having captured P. Torquatus and P. Caudius in copula that induces me to place

them together. Every example examined shows all the individuals of P. Tor-

quatus to be g¢ and all those of P. Caudius and P. Patros to be 9. In coloura-

tion the females approach P. Anchisiades and species of the eas group. In

their variation they show the same laws of substitution of colours which we have

seen to prevail in several other species, asin P. Bolivar, P. Vertumnus, P. Aria-

rathes, &c. They are subject to change of colour of the spot of the fore wing

from white to yellowish, and to lose it altogether, and to the replacement of the

carmine of the hind wing by yellow. Mr. Gray figures the three varieties which

occur on the Upper Amazon, where no example of the true P. Caudius has

occurred. A feature in the habits of the female may explain why it is subject to

these variations ; it frequents, like the species of the neas group, the shades of

the forest, coming out only on dull days to the borders. The male, although

choosing the open sunlight, descends also into the sunny breaks and open glades

of the forest, where L have often seen it in pursuit of the female, although I have

only once detected it in copula.

FIN

348 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Contributions

Group 7. P. Podalirius, and allies.

These are generally considered as the most typical forms of the Papilio genus,

although in some points they seem to resemble, more than any other group, the

genera Thais and Doritis. They would, therefore, rather seem to be aberrant

forms, and those forms which recede most from those of neighbouring genera

would be more correctly held to be typical, as the Ornithoptere, but especially the

species of the Aneas group. It is the group, however, which is the most widely

spread throughout the world. Besides the elongate caudal lobe and the style of

colouration, they agree in the antenne being short and slender, with a rather

abrupt, thick and strongly-curved club. They all frequent the open country. The

tropical species congregate in immense numbers to imbibe the moisture on the

humid margins of lakes, rivers, and on muddy places generally. J have included

P. Dolicaon and allies amongst them, although they have rather a different style

of colouration and are not generally included in the group.

P. Dolicaon, Cram. 17 C. D. and authors.

Not a common species. It is found occasionally from Para to Peru.

P. Columbus, Hewits. Tr. Ent. Soc. 1851, p. 98, pl. 10, f. 1.

This very beautiful species I discovered in November, 1849, at Cararaucu,

near Villa Nova, on a sandy beach, sitting at the water’s edge. I found it sub-

sequently at Ega, but it appears to be most abundant on the banks of the rivers

flowing from the northward, as an Indian trader once brought me an immense

number in a spoilt condition from the river Japura.

P. Protesilaus, L. Cram. 202 A. B. and authors.

Found throughout the country; but most abundant on the Upper Amazon,

where it sometimes assembles in dense masses on the moist sand and mud on the

banks of the river.

P. Autosilaus, Bdv. MSS.? Gray, List B. M. (as Agesilaus, Bdv.).

This species differs from P. Agesilaus, Bdv. (= Conon, Hewits. Tr. Ent. Soc.

vol.2, N.S. pl. 22, f.3), much more than the latter does from P. Protesilaus. It

has also the character of an independent species in being found in company with

Protesilaus without amalgamating with it. It has not yet been described. I there-

fore add a short diagnosis, P. Awtosilaus ¢. Smaller than Protesilaus. Ground

colour of the wings of a uniform pale greenish-white, not deeper green towards

the base, as Protesilaus and Agesilaus. Fore wing with a series of five short black

stripes proceeding from the costa as in the allied species: the outer edge with a

broad black margin (broadest at the apex of the wing), in the middle of which

Tuns a narrow semi-transparent pale stripe, of equal width, from the costa to near

the hind angle. Hind wing with the abdominal border black, and a black stripe

running from the costa, near the base, to the outside of the red anal lunule. The

outer border black, with a row of simple pale lunules along its centre. Beneath

the hind wing has two black stripes across near the base, the inner one with a red

spot outside at its base, the outer one with a broad red edge on its inner side, as in

P. Agesilaus. I found the species at Ega, always incompany with P, Protesilaus ;

out of a cluster of a hundred of the latter species settled on moist places, I could

generally select one or two of Awtosilaus, conspicuously differing from the others

through the different tint of its wings.

Group. 8. P. Zagreus, and allies.

The unique species which I place here seems to be nearest allied to species of

the Scamander group; but it does not consort well with any other known Papilio.

As in P. Pausanias, nature seems to have perverted the usual Papilio form to

produce the mimetic likeness of a Heliconide. :

to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley. 349

P. Zagreus, Doubled. and Hewits. Gen. D. L. pl. 1*, f. 1.

The species has been found in Venezuela and in New Granada. I obtained one

example, at Catua, near Ega, in November, 1850. The Heliconide which it

most 1esembles is Lycoreu Alergutis, Dbld., a species also confined apparently to

the same distiicts of country as the Papilio.

Obs. Having concluded the review of the Amazonian species of

Papilio, 1 think it will be useful to employ the results to illustrate

further some of the subjects mentioned in the remarks at the com-

mencement of the article; especially the interesting one of the

relation of the Amazonian“fauna to those of other countries of

tropical America. ‘The species are such conspicuous objects,

and are so well represented in collections, that they afford good

data for arriving at conclusions, which I think are not likely to be

falsified by any subsequent group of which we have to treat. The

simplicity and distinctness of the markings and colours also afford

good characters by which to measure the amount of modification

the species undergo from one locality to another. The Valley of

the Amazons, as I said before, has been classed, with regard to its

Zoological and Botanical productions, together with Columbia and

Guiana, as forming one great province, the Columbian. On the

north this is separated from the Mexican province by the Isthmus

of Panama; on the west from the Peruvian by the chain of the

Andes ; the great Brazilian province on the south beginning from

the southern borders of the alluvial plains of the Amazons.

The species of Papilio confirm, what however is a well-esta-

blished fact, the distinctness of the Brazilian province; but I

think they also afford very strong grounds for considering the

Guiana region (comprised between the Atlantic on the one hand,

aad the rivers Orinoco, Negro and Amazons on the other) as a

perfectly independent province, possessing a peculiar character in

its productions, and having a very large proportion of species pe-

culiar to itself. I think it will also appear, that the Valley of the

Amazon, from the mouth of the river to about 72° W. long.

(where Columbian begin to predominate over Guiana forms), has

received its fauna chiefly from this region. Of about fifty species

and distinct local sub-species of Papilio found: in the two districts

of Guiana and Amazonia, I find that no less than twenty-nine are

found in no other country. It is true that a large proportion of

species, as far as we are at present aware, seem peculiar to Ama-

zonia; but these are nearly all very closely related to, and some

of them evidently local forms or modifications of, Guiana species.

In comparing the Amazonian fauna with that of Guiana, it must be

350 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Contributions

remembered, that it is only the district of the north-eastern sea

board of the latter country and the river valleys near the coast that

are taken into consideration, that being the only part of the country

of which we have sufficient knowledge. Strictly speaking, the

northern shore of the Lower Amazons should be taken as part of

Guiana, forming, indeed, the southern frontier of the region; this

would reduce only, however, by one species the number peculiar

to the Amazon Valley. It is interesting to notice how the nume-

rous local sub-species peculiar to Amazonia, ‘all show themselves

to be local modifications of Guiana species; some of them (6)

being confined to the Upper Amazon, and others (2) to the Delta

at Para; none of them being found on the northern or Guiana

shore of the Lower Amazon. It would thus appear that Guiana

is the great centre whence radiated the species which now people

the low lands on its borders, at their last emergence from the sea

or other waters ; and that some of them, in advancing westward

into the alluvial plains which occupy the wide basin of the Upper

Amazon, and eastward into the apparently recent land forming

the southern part of the Delta, have become modified into local

sub-species. The other great centres of distribution, Columbia

and Brazil, have sent but very few forms, in comparison, to

people these vast river valleys. The few Columbian forms found

on the Amazons (3 in number) occur only in the extreme west,

from Ega upwards. The Brazilian forms (2) occur on the south

shore, one indeed (Orszllus) does not reach the alluvial plains at

all, being found only in the narrow valleys of the hilly region of

the Tapajos, a southern affluent. A third form (Herocles) might

be considered an Amazonian modification of a South Brazilian

species (Proteus); this occurs only on the southern part of the

Delta at Para. The following table will show these facts in a

clearer light.

Species peculiar to the Amazon Valley .. aK Sees

Local sub-species ss ate En Bek

Species peculiar to Guiana with the Aimeeaus oe So eke

ss “ Guiana alone ae te aes

Total number of species found in Guiana and Amazonia 50

* Hierocles. Bolivar. Orellana. Aglaope. Echelus. Ergeteles. Columbus.

Chabrias.

t Olivencius. Patros. Cyamon. Gayi. Cutora. Isidorus. Paraensis. Parsodes.

¢ Belus. Lycidas. Vertumnus. neas. Aneides. Lysander. Ariarathes.

Triopas. Pausanias.

§ Hippason. Euristeus. Bitias. Aristeus. Panthonus.

to an Insect Fauna of the A mazon Valley. 351

Species peculiar to the Amazon Valley and Brazil .. 2*

- BS 3 and Columbia.. 3+

Total number of species common to Amazonia and

Guiana .. ar a te ths ne a stuhD

Total number of species common to Amazonia and

Brazil... pera x an ais ws Sear

Total number of species common to Amazonia and

Columbia ae ous Ne a a ae 3

A bare enumeration of species without further exhibition of

the degrees of resemblance gives but a very inadequate idea of

the true relations of faunas. Thus of the eight species given

here as peculiar to the Amazon Valley, two, Bolivar and Chabrias,

are strictly speaking but modifications, although well defined

and fixed, showing the strong peculiarities of the Upper Amazon

region, of Aneas and T'riopas, peculiar Guiana forms. A third

species, Ergeteles, is restricted to the Guiana side of the Lower

Amazon, and might be deducted from the exclusively Amazonian

species. A fourth Echelus, a remarkable form especially cha-

racteristic of, and almost confined to the district of Para, is con-

nected with the Guiana Ergeteles through the intermediate form of

Echephron of Cayenne. One only Hierocles, can be considered as

more nearly related to forms of a centre of distribution not Guia-

nian, being apparently the Amazonian modification of the South

Brazilian P. Proteus. Of the confessed local sub-species, the

two confined to the delta of the river, Paraensis and Parsodes, are

varieties of the Guianian Hippason and Lysander, and are instances

of the peculiar modifying effect of the district of country near

Pard. The others, all varieties of Guiana forms, are confined to

the Upper Amazon, and exhibit, in the replacement of colours

which constitute the variations, the same effects of local conditions

there prevailing as the more fixed sub- or representative species

of the locality.

From the foregoing considerations, added to what has been ad-

vanced in the observations and table at the commencement of this

article, I think we may conclude that the facts derived from the

study of the distribution of the species of Papilio tend to establish

the following propositions :—lst, that the Amazon region, al-

though showing great diversity within itself, chiefly from many of

*® Orsillus. Cinyras.

t Zagreus. Evagoras. Autosilaus.

P. Varus and P. Zacynthus have not been included in these enumerations, from

the doubts which see under the head of those species.

052 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Contributions

the species having become modified in different ways in migrating

westward and eastward from a central district on the lower river ;

on the one hand towards the upper river, and on the other towards

the delta, has received by far the greater part of its fauna from

Guiana; and, 2nd, that the two countries form together one and the

same independent zoological province. It is probable, however, that

the distinctiveness of the Guiano-Amazonian fauna will not be so

strongly exhibited in other groups, as in the genus Papilio; this

group being better represented than many others in equatorial

countries, especially in the wooded, humid regions of Guiana and

Amazonia. The total number of species and distinct local sub-

species known to exist there is about fifty, whilst Brazil proper

has only about forty-three, and Columbia with Peru about thirty-

eight. Here a result may be mentioned highly interesting, as

bearing upon the question of how far extinction is likely to have

occurred in equatorial regions during the time of the Glacial

epoch in Geology. It has been argued,* that during this period

the refrigeration of the earth extended to the equatorial regions,

and enabled many species of temperate zones to pass from one to

the other hemisphere. It is supposed, that at that time the cli-

mate of the equatorial plains resembled what now exists at six or

seven thousand feet of elevation near the equator. It is a tolera-

bly well established fact, that arctic forms then moved twenty-five

degrees southward from their homes, and if the decreased tem-

perature then extended to the centre of the tropics, the regions

near the equator must have possessed a temperature similar to

what is now enjoyed in countries near the twenty-fifth parallel of

latitude. Extinction, in this case, must have been at work largely

amongst the forms (if there were any) peculiar to the equatorial

zone, and the present character of its fauna ought to show, in

consequence, a poverty in endemic forms and unmistakeable signs,

in the shape of local varieties or representative species, of a de-

pendence, on the part of the now existing forms, on those living

towards the twenty-fifth parallel of latitude; because, with the

returning warmth, the extratropical species then living near the

equator, would retreat north and south to their former homes,

leaving some of their congeners, slowly modified subsequently

by the altered local conditions, to repeople the zone they had

forsaken. The present distribution of the species of Papilio does

not support the hypothesis of such a degree of refrigeration in

the equatorial zone of America, or at least does not countenance

* Darwin’s Origin of Species, Chap. XI.’p. 378.

to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley. 353

the supposition of any considerable amount of extinction. The

fauna of the Guiano-Amazonian region, as far as regards this

genus, is in the highest degree peculiar; showing no dependence

on that of the countries near either of the tropics. If now we

except the local varieties (the inclusion of which would only

strengthen the position), there are about forty perfectly distinct

species of this genus inhabiting this region, and of these no less

than eighteen * are endemic, all of them so peculiarly restricted

in their range, that they are not found, nor any forms closely

representing them, even at twelve degrees of latitude on either

side the equator. The result is plain, that there has always (at

least throughout immense Geological epochs) been an Equatorial

fauna rich in endemic species, and that extinction cannot have

prevailed to any extent within a period of time so comparatively

modern as the Glacial epoch in Geology.

Before dismissing the genus Papilio, I think it will be con-

sidered a service rendered to future students if I add a list of all

the published species of the most difficult group of the genus,

viz., that of A/neas and its allies, with the chief synonymy; my

endeavours to understand the Amazonian species having led me

to make considerable research into the literature and natural his-

tory of the whole of the American species. As in all dominant

groups; i.e. groups which seem adapted under the present con-

ditions of existence to increase and spread; the separation into

species is extremely difficult. I have found it impossible to

‘ bring forms, which have so many different grades of relationship

to their next of kin, into a series of well-defined species. I have

endeavoured, therefore, to read nature as I have found her, and to

arrange the forms according to the amount of difference between

them respectively ; having regard always to the important point,

whether the difference be constant or not amongst the individuals

concerned. ‘Thus, differences in one or a few individuals in a

locality where the typical form prevails, I have treated as simple

varieties ; others of more importance, either through the increased

amount of difference and the tendency to occur only in certain

localities, or through prevailing amongst all the individuals in a

locality to the exclusion of the. type, I have considered as local

varieties or sub-species. ‘The next grade of forms, that in which

* Lycidas. Coristeus. Hippason. Panthonus. LEuristeus. Orellana. Ver-

tumnus. Aneas. Ergeteles. Bolivar. Aneides. Echelus. Lysander, Aglaope.

Triopas. Chabrias. <Ariarathes. Columbus.

354 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Contributions

the differences would generally be considered of a specific charac-

ter, and which involve all the individuals in the locality, but

which at the same time have all the appearance of geographical

varieties, I have thought it best to treat as doubtful species. The

perfectly distinct forms are introduced without a mark of doubt;

they are distinct from the species, or series of doubtful species

which precede them on the list, but are connected with the doubt-

ful species which follow them. Even with this arrangement I

cannot conceal from myself that the distinctions are still too

arbitrary; viewed in nature the forms appear to blend-into each

other much more than they do in the following arrangement.

Nature, as far as species are concerned, wears a false air of sim-

plicity in all our lists and monographs. There are in some

species individual differences which it is difficult not to consider

as important as described varieties ; the varieties too are of many

degrees of importance, some of a very partial nature, others em-

bracing a large proportion of individuals and occurring only in

certain localities, which latter might be considered with almost

equal justice as local varieties or sub-species. Local varieties

again are sometimes ofa slight nature, whilst at others assume

forms so well defined that it is difficult to exclude them from the

category of full species. There is no absolute, well defined dis-

tinction between these different grades of relationship, and there-.

fore there are in the following list many forms which I consider

it merely a matter of individual opinion under what category to

treat them; some varieties might be considered mere individual

differences, some local varieties as true or complete species, and so

forth. This question, ! think, is not of so much importance as cer-

tain others which might be raised concerning them. TI will only add

here that I have considered the series of doubtful forms related

to P. Vertumnus, sp. 2, to end at sp. 4, beginning those related to

P. Proteus with sp. 5. I have separated the two series of forms

somewhat arbitrarily, as there is no break in the connecting links ;

P. Zeuxis of the one series being extremely near P. Phosphorus of

the other. The extreme forms, however, of the two series, viz.

P. Panares or Iphidamas and P. Vertumnus, are so dissimilar that

I have thought it best at present to separate the two groups of

semi-species which they respectively represent. Future dis-

coveries will, no doubt, serve to link all these forms still more

closely together, and it will then remain a remarkable fact that the

local modification of form affects the tendency to return into the

normal form, or amalgamate, when varieties thus produced are

brought by natural re-distribution into contact; because P.

to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley. 308

Hierocles (one of the varieties) exists in the same locality with

Vertumnus, without a single instance occurring of its pou mnE NDS

with that species.

Genus Paritio of authors.

Group Aneas, and allies.

Section 1. Fringe of the wings white or yellowish.

Sp: lo-P. Sesostris .......« 6; Cram. 211, FE. Gand authors:

9, ib. 277, €C.. Diss fullus):

— Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 58, pl. 5,

f. 2 (as P. Cutora 2).

Hab. Guiana and Amazonia.

Local var. (1) Zestos.. g, Gray, List B. M. p. 70 (as Ses-

ostris, d).

Bates, Tr. Ent. Soc. vol. v.

N.S. p. 340, note.

@, Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 47, pl. 10%,

f. 5 (as Zestos @).

Hab. Honduras and New Granada.

Local var. (2) Childrene.. 8, Gray, Griff. An. King. pl. 38,

as Pe

Lucas, Voy. de Castenau, Lep.

pl. 2, f. 4 (as @idippus).

Hab. New Granada.

Sp. 2. Po Vertumnuss «cece - dé, Cram... 271, sASB:

?, Bates, Tr. Ent. Soc. vol. v. N.S.

p- 340.

var. — Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 48, pl. 11,

f. 4 (as P. Diceros).

var. — (Bdv.) Lucas, Rev. and Mag.

Zool. 1852, p. 489 (as P.

Phronius).

var, — Bdv. Sp. Gen. Pap. No. 117, (as

P. Ceelus),

var. — Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 48, pl. 8, f.

6 (as P. Cixius).

Hab. Guiana and Amazonia.

Local var. Cutora (3) 6, Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 58, pl. 10*,

£6;

@, Bates, Tr. Ent. Soc. vol. v. N.S.

p. 341.

Hab. Upper Amazons.

356 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Contributions

Local var. Phaenon (4) $, Kollar, Beitr. N. Gr. t. 1, ff.

5; 6.

Hab. New Granada..

Rete Oe lel HT OCR S.cis ote 2 jar oke g, Doubled. Ann. Nat. Hist. xiv.

| (1844), p. 416.

Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 46, pl. 9,

f. ‘2.

Hab. New Granada.

var. a. Gray, Cat. B, M. p. 46.

Hab. Guayaquil.

Sat) tor HEULIS ere oleisieicle's $, (Bdv.) Lucas, Rev. and Mag.

Zool. 1852, p. 190.

id. Voy. de Castelnau, Lep. pl.

Otros

Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 46, pl. 9, f.

6 (a slight var.)

O., sib. inlay att ef «

Hab. Venezuela and New Granada.

ps Oy (Ps Lebmosis. o's 0:6-< wees $,(Bdv. coll. ?) Cram. t. 211, f. c,

(as Vertumnus, var.)

Hab. Guiana.

Sp. ? 6. P. Phosphorus...... é, Bates, Tr. Ent. Soc. vol. v.

N.S. p. 341, note.

Hab. Demerara.

Pet Void od 1ENOCLES wx ole orm nis Sy lay, Cat. Bs 6 NL. spd o5. pla, lO,

fs 2

Q:, Ub. mpley9, gcse

? — ib. p. 56, pl. 10, f. 6 (as Agla-

ope 2).

— tb. p. 52, pl. 10*, f. 7. (as

Thelios).

— ib. p. 49 (as Cyphotes).

Hab. Para.

Sp.? 8. P. Erlaces~0.% ion a, Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 49, pl. 8,

59%

Hab. Bolivia and Eastern Peru.

MPe he ar Pac RORCUS ste aig cae $, Bdv. Sp. Gen. Pap. No. 128.

?, Godt. Enc, Méth. ix. p. 37, 36

(as Nephalion).

to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley. 357

Sp. ? 10.

Sp. ? 1}.

Sp. ? 12.

Sp.? 13.

Sp.? 14.

Sp.? 15.

var. 9, Gray, Cat. B. M. pl. 10%, f. 8.

Hab. S. E. Brazil.

BP. Slbon os oe &, Koll. Ann. Wien. Mus. 1839, t.

12h le

Hab. S. E. Brazil.

P. Orbignyanus.... ¢, (Bdv.) Lucas, Rev. and Mag.

Zool. 1852, p. 192; t.-10; f.3.

Hab. Corrientes.

P. Cymochles... «+ g, Gray, Cat. B. M. pl. 10, f. 8.

Hab. Trinadad ?

P, Erithalon...... @, Bdv. Sp. Gen. Pap. No. 125.

— Gray, Cat. B. M. pl. 10%, f. 4.

2h; ib. pl. 10*, f. 3.

Hab. Venezuela.

POUISCHEUDUSL « wales: ora 4, Bdv. Sp. Gen. Pap. No. 130, t.

1, B. f. 2.

Hab. New Granada.

P. Iphidamas ...... 8, Gray, Cat. B. M. pl. 8, f. 1.

Q> ib. f. 2 (as

Iphidamus, doubtfully of Fabricius).

‘Hab. Mexico and Honduras.

Sp.? 16.

Sp. 17:

Sp. 18.

Sp.? 19.

P. Panares .... i495 Gray, Cat. pl. 10;-f. 4.

24, Bdv. Coll. as Alector.

— B. M. Coll. as Anchises, Lin.,

erroneously,

Hab. Mexico.

Pe Opleus) avers ere 3 ¢, Godt. Ene. ix. p. 33.

Hab. South America.

P. Aineas......... 8, Lin. Syst. Nat. p. 747, 16.

— Roesel, Ins. 3x. t. 2, f. 2.

— Lucas, Rev. and Mag. Zool.

1852, p. 191 (as Bochus of

Bdv.)

¢, Hiibn. Samm. Ex. (as Marcius).

Hab. Guiana and Para.

BP, Bolaar’. . 2 are,0 = é, Hewits. Tr. Ent. Soc. 1851, p.

97, pl. 10, f. 2.

9, Gray, Cat. B. M. pl. 10, f. 7.

Hab. Upper Amazons.

358 Mr. H. W. Bates’s Contributions

Sp. 20. P. Orellana ....... 8, Hewits. Tr. Ent. Soc. 1852, p.

24, pl. 5, f. 2.

Hab. Upper Amazons.

SP cileel tel OPUS els 5 ok eines = Godt. Enc. ix. p. 33, No. 23.

Hab. Guiana, Para and Lower Amazons.

Sp.? 22. P. Chabrias .....9, Hewits. Tr. Ent. Soc. 1852, p.

24, pl. 5, f. 2.

Hab. Upper Amazons.

The following are ¢ insufficiently known, but belonging to this

section :— .

P. Tarquinius, 2, Bdv. Sp. Gen. Pap. 127.

The description of Boisduval is not sufficiently precise to enable

us to indicate the position of this insect. In his collection the

specimen is now mated with a Mexican ¢, allied to Erithalion.

Hab. Columbia.

P. Arcas, 9, Cram. 378 C.

If the fringe in the figure were red instead of white, it would

represent exactly the 2 of Lurtmedes.

Hab. Brazil (?).

P. Lycomes, 2, Gray, List. p. 66; Tullus, 9, Esper. Aus]. Schm.

te 25a. 3:

I have not been able to consult the figure of Esper.

Hab. Surinam.

P. Anchises, ¢, Linn. Clerck, Icon. t. 29, f. 1.

The figure of Clerck represents a @ of some species allied to

Vertumnus.

Hab. Surinam.

Section 2. Fringe of the wings rose-coloured. ©

ps 20s ete IdOpe.w- dcteeisiee « $, Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 55, pl.

KOR As

Hab. Para.

Spee Ps eUrISleUs ss. socctwe m= ifvs Tal, Souk

Hab. Dutch Guiana.

Mp..20. PD. Panthonus jasie cass « $, Cram. 278 C. D.

9, Bates, Tr. Ent. Soc. vol. v.

n.s. p. 343.

Hab. Dutch and English Guiana.

to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley. 359

pe 26: Pebysander vo. vden ia: g, Cram. 29 C. D.

— Eurymas, Godt. and Bdv.

— Gray, Cat. B. M. (as Bris-

sonius, Htibn. 3).

@, Cram. 386 C. D. (as Ar-

bates).

— Bdv. Sp. Gen. Pap. No.

118, part (as Pantho-

nus, 9).

— Godt. Ency. ix. Pap. No.

31 (as Anchises, L. part).

— Hiibn. Samnil. (as Arbates).

— ib. (as Pompeius).

— Hiibn. Verzeich. (as Bris-

sonius).

— Gray, Cat. pl. 8, f.8 (as @

of Brissonius, Hubn.)

Hab. Guiana, and Upper and Lower Amazons.

Local var. (5) Parsodes.. g, Gray, Cat. p. 54, pl. 8, f. 3

(as Parsodes 4).

9, Gray, Cat. pl. 8, f. 4 (as

(Parsodes ¢).

— Gray, Cat. p. 57 (as Sono-

ria), pl. 10, f. 1 (as So-

noria, Var.)

Hab. Para.

SG Ole Ps LCROLUS x0, :<fuis sarees $, Hiibn. Samm.

2, ib. (as Echemon),.

? var. 9, Gray, Cat. p. 55, pl. 10*, f.

1 (as Spartacus, Dbld.)

Hab. Para.

Local var. (6) Echephron.. 4, Bates, Tr. Ent. Soc. vol. v.

N.S. p. 345, note.

Hab. Cayenne.

Spo? 28:7 Po Ergetelese , siesire $, Gray, Cat. p. 52, pl. 8, f. 5.

a ib. p- 52.

?, Bates, Tr. Ent. Soc. vol. v.

p- 344,

Since my description of the 9 was printed, I have

found that Mr. Gray has already given an excellent de-

scription of it in the place quoted.

Hab. Lower Amazons.

360

Sp.? 29.

Sp. ? 30.

Sp.? 31.

Mr. H. W. Bates’s Contributions

TP PAS NONI oe 8 a Gaius 388 g, Esper. Ausl. Schm. t. 15,

{3,16

— Cram. 279 A. B. (as Zineas,

Lag):

9, Gray, Cat. p. 51, pl. 9, f. 8.

var. 9, Hiibn. Zutr. f. 997, 8 (as

Neophilus).

Hab. Guiana, Lower Amazons and Para.

Local var. (7) Olivencius.. $ and ¢, Bates, Tr. Ent. Soc.

vol. v. N.S. p. 345.

Hab. Upper Amazons and New Granada.

Local var. (8) Hurybates.. §, Gray, Cat. p. 51, pl. 9, f. 1.

Hab. Bolivia.

P. Eurimedes .......+.. 4, Cram. 386 E. F.

g, Bdv. Sp. Gen. Pap. No. 123

(as Arriphus). ;

Hab. English Guiana, Venezuela and New Granada.

Local var. (9) Agathocles.. ¢, Kollar, Beitr. N. Gran. p. 2.

Hab. Orinoco.

Local var. (10) Timias.. $, Gray, Cat. p. 50, pl. 9, f. 5.

Hab, Guayaquil.

Loeal var. (11) Mylotes (Gray) $ and ¢, Bates, Tr. Ent.

Soc. vol. v. N.S.

p. 346, note.

? 9, Docimus, Gray, MSS.

List, p. 64.

Hab. Nicaragua and Mexico.

P. Zacynthus ...0.....&, Fab. Ent. Syst. iu. 1, p. 15,

46.

9, Fab. Ent. Syst. iii. 1, p. 16,

47 (as Dimas).

var. 9, Gray, Cat. p. 56, pl. 10%,

f. 2. (as Eupales).

Hab. S. E. Brazil.

Local? var. (12) ¢ Polymetus. .Godt. Encyc. ix. p. 35, 28.

Hab. S.E. Brazil.

Local var. (13) Orsillus.. g and g, Swains. Zool. Ilustr.

Ist Ser. pl. 92 (as

Polymetus, Godt.)

Gray, Cat. p. 57 (as

Orsillus).

Hab Pernambuco and River Tapajos.

to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Walley. 361

The following are g of this section, which at present cannot be

mated :—

P. Numa, 9, Bdv. Sp. Gen. Pap. No. 116.

This species is represented by a solitary specimen in Dr. Bois-

duval’s Collection. It resembles the 9 of Lysander, but the tore-

wings are much more rounded in outline, and the macular belt of

the hind wing is composed of much more widely separated spots,

which are of an oval or rounded lozenge-shape.

Precise habitat unknown.

P. Callicles, nob. 9, Gray, Cat. B. M. p. 49, pl. 8, f. 10 (as @

Erlaces).

This is the ¢ of some species allied to Lysander. It comes from

Bolivia, whence no ¢g allied to Lysander has as yet been received,

to my knowledge.

VOL. V. N.S» PART 1X.—-JUNE, 1861. BB

362 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on

XXV. On the Atlantic Cossonides. By T. Vernon Wot-

LASTON, Esq., M.A., F.L.5., &c.

[Read Feb. 4th, 1861.]

I propose, in this paper, to lay before the Entomological Society

an enumeration of all the members of the Rhynchophorous sub-

family Cossonides which have hitherto been detected in the

Atlantic islands; and it will be perceived, by a glance at the

following pages, that no less than forty of them have, up to the

present date, been discovered in those various oceanic groups.

But, as neither the Azorean archipelago nor that of the Cape de

Verdes have as yet been investigated, it is certain that many

additions will eventually be brought to light. In St. Helena, too,

it is far from unlikely that others will be found—particularly

of the anomalous genus Microxylobius, of which six exponents are

recorded below. From the Madeiras, which have been now so

carefully explored, and in which as many as nineteen of these

Xylophagous Curculios have already been observed, we cannot

expect much further material; whilst the fifteen Canarians may

be safely regarded as a-near approximation to the entire number

inhabiting the neighbouring archipelago. The single species from

Ascension, as will be gathered from the remarks, is perhaps a

mere accidental importation into that island; though its close

affinity with the Mesoxeni, and the fact of its being absolutely

congeneric with the British Pentarthrum, would render it at all

events probable that the insect is essentially an Atlantic one.

Touching the Madeiran and Canarian groups, of which alone

I feel enabled to speak with any amount of precision, no one who

has laboured in them practically can have failed to be struck with

the important part which the Cossonides play in the several

districts and altitudes of those mountain-islands. Whether in

the few sylvan regions which still remain (and where a large

proportion of them do the work of destruction amongst the mag-

nificent Laurels which so eminently characterize the Atlantic

flora), or whether on the exposed rocky slopes (where the

gigantic Euphorbias nourish a fauna of their own, and the stalks

of shrubby plants afford unfailing sustenance for these Rhynco-

phorous borers), or even beneath stones on the open serras of a

lofty elevation, we find them strangely predominant, and oc-

casionally in such profusion (though individually rather than

specifically) that the various rotten stems appear to be almost

alive with them.

the Atlantic Cossonides. 363

As a slight aid to the eye, in judging of their habitats, I have

thought it worth while to ‘give the following geographical tabula-

tion of these Cossonides, which will show at a glance to what

island-groups they respectively belong; and it is curious to re-

mark, that the species are so topographically restricted that ap-

parently only one out of the whole forty (namely, the Mesoxenus

Monizianus), has its range extended beyond a single cluster ;

whilst two extensive genera (not to mention smaller ones)—

namely, Caulotrupis and Microxylobius, are, in like manner, thus

limited geographically.

Madeiras.| Canaries. | Ascension.|St. Helena.

Biremotes!crasslcOrmis, Bre sos eect) | aie), e,0. 00 # hood coda /sacococe

Hexarthrum capitulum, W.....¢. * Bono coon lsabecddollosod code

Rhyncolus crassirostris, W. ......|..eeeee- * staveleiisye oil etevovelarsrete

Caulophilus sculpturatus, W. .... 7 seve neeeleeenoereleceeenes

Phleeophagus sulcipennis, W. .... Ss odidie te ee] eceas vieliecice ces

SS tenax, W. 0.0) ejelee as * Peet eeerslecraccecve| see eevee

GALVUSsWView cielciereletete * sia iel@ s/s evel| aloeldiclalersl|(lonmrelateleye

GAULT) Wis. <tcloie/el ejell/siarsicveieras were cess lee tr rene

ITA Al Geomprioloodene on

=== ALIN SV ch, alellete: efehajoi|( sie, sversiciere

Simmplicipess Wrejreteiael|(s« eels +e

——. TOKE ANG GdoooU colloa sconde

Caulotrupis lacertosus, W. ......

Subnitidus; W* - ssl

lucifucus.; Wis «sciesietle

WIMP ya VV clare eve erctovedsts

———-— LEE DANS 5) Wise eisielatet ore

—— Chevrolatii, W.......

ODACUS AW ajeisiates/sieleyels

CONICONIS; | Wiocietern ets 'el«

es ed

eeeversel(ee te ears

* * Ke KX

CC es

eoeeeeerricasncecsveceelscoesneeee

see o ee eel ee seseee{ ret oo oe

peeseeceeleesecenes/on tr> eee

sees eweelsoseaereors eo ee eter

COC err ererisesraesceesisee ts on oe

eer e eer eele see es asiee teen ee

is Pee ee ee re

Rk KH He KK KE ¥

Ce ee

Microxylobius Westwoodii, Chev. |.-..ees.|ss eter ee|ereeeees *

—_——. Tacertosus, W. ...cleeccvcce|etrrceer|rcesracs +

lucifugus, W. ese celeeeeee ce [etererseleccecene ra

——---———- terebrans, W.....-c|eeesesce[soertre® teeecees *

————-——. Chevrolatii, W. ....leessscce[ reer re reloeesnnce *

—- GOMTCOIITS Wis eje4e aveie)| \a\avolepey overs litle 212,6(9)9)*)]\a,6) bel si0\e.0 *

Pentatemnus arenarius, W. .ccers|eoeeeees # eee cceelescsccns

Onycholips bifurcatus, W. ..cccs[eccecces * siolerevelers s'|\eheleiehofetere

Leipommata calcaratum, W....-.- * se eeccerleneeencs[serseres

Mesoxenus Monizianus, W....... ¥ # 6/0, eievs.0) s0]| elaielsfolerate

—— Bewickianus, W. .... * BRINOIOOOg INCneionnnl OOOO

Pentarthrum cylindricum, W. ereslescsssesi[essecees % eee cees

Stenotis acicula, W. .cccesesccee cs sisiel\ viele 8\|'e1a)siel elevate) felefetalivie lave

Mesites complanatus, W. ..-eeeselesscoee- a o.0 eleleleisi|ice vielele| sie

——— persimilis, W. ..cecreeeee|esceeees & se ccccccl(eccccecs

maderensis, W. cecsoecs %i svoin/ovslcieralllatetelatoegoie||loieleferere ate

Euphorbia, W. rr ” ee es ee

PLOXimuS, W.. wo cccccseelscoecess * sie ela elaVeres| | biahorefelelwte

<= FISTFOLINIS,, Wie 0.0 cls eee sae] 80 eo ses % el svehe oi siellateiole slaleie

pubipennis, W.. -ceeeece|sreveeee * < ajele/e/e e/eilieie eialeisie)e

AA2

364

Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on

Genus Erermores, nov. gen. (PI. 18, fig. 1.)

Corpus sat parvum, cylindricum, calvum, profunde sculptu-

ratum, Hylurgi formam simulans : capite convexo; rostro

brevi, crasso, lato, antice sensim attenuato ; scrobe valde pro-

funda obliqua curvata, infra oculum (et ibidem subargute ter-

minat4) desinente ; mandibulis magnis, exsertis ; oculis longe

ante marginem prothoracis anticum sitis, rotundatis, valde

prominentibus : prothorace subconico, antice truneato (hand

producto), pone marginem anticum transversim constricto:

scutello rotundato, distincto: elytris cylindricis. Antenne

(18, la) breves, crassissimee, ante medium rostri inserte ;

scapo brevi, robusto, gradatim clavato, vix curvato; funiculo

7-articulato, articulo lmo sat magno subquadrato, 2do brevis-

simo (preecedenti fere immerso), reliquis quinque brevibus

transversis latitudine vix crescentibus, inter se sat arcte

compressis et ultimo clave sat arcte adpresso; capitulo

parvo, haud abrupto, ovato basi truneato et apice leviter

acuminato, solido, apicem versus obscure 3-annulato. Pedes

robusti, crassi, antict ad basin fere approximati, inlermedi

distantiores, postici valde distantes: femoribus muticis : dibis

subcurvatis, ad apicem externum in uncum magnum acutum

inflexum, necnon ad internum in spinam parvam productis :

tarsis pseudotetrameris, articulo 3tio precedentibus vix la-

tiore,

Obs.—Genus inter Cossonides valde anomalum, Hylurgi

formam simulans, sed tibiarum structuraé Curculionidis omnino

congruit : rostro antennisque brevibus valde incrassatis,

funiculi articulo secundo brevissimo (praecedente fere re-

condito), capitulo parvo minus abrupto, oculis valde rotun-

datis prominentibus longe ante marginem prothoracis anticum

sitis, tibiarum angulo interno in spinam producto tarso-

rumque articulo antepenultimo praecedentibus vix latiore a

generibus hujus Subfamilize plerisque discedit.

Ab épnpwrijc, destructor | épnpow, destruo ].

Although his short notice of it omits to call attention to any

single structural peculiarity of the insect except the thickness of

its funiculus, I have but little doubt that the remarkable beetle

from which the above generic characters have been compiled is

identical with M. Brullé’s Hylurgus crassicornis,—of Webb and

Berthelot’s “ Histoire Naturelle des Iles Canaries.” With Hylur-

gus,

however, it has in reality nothing whatever to do, except in

outward contour,—the formation of its apically uncinate, undi-

the Atlantic Cossonides. 365

lated and externally-simple tibize being sufficient of itself to re-

move it* from the whole of those sub-Rhyncophorous groups ;

whilst in its enormously thickened antenna, small capitulum, and

the excessively shortened second-joint of its funieulus (which is

nearly lost within the enlarged basal one), as well as in its very

prominent and perfectly rounded eyes (which are remote from the

anterior edge of the prothorax), and the small spine with which

the izner apex of its tibiae is armed, it presents a combination of

features essentially its own. Nevertheless, with the exception,

perhaps, of the Stenoscelis hylastoides,* from the Cape of Good

Hope, it probably makes a nearer approach to the various mem-

bers of the //ylesinide than any other truly Curculionideous genus

hitherto described; and may correctly, therefore, in conjunction

with Stenoscelis, be placed at the very commencement of the

Cossonides.

1. Lremotes crassicornis, Brullé, (PI. 18, fig. 1.)

EE. ater, subnitidus; rostro parce punctulato, fronte convexa

et foveola minuta (plus minus. canaliculiformi) impresso ;

prothorace profunde punctato (punctis magnis et versus

Jatera confertissimis), ad latera paulo rotundato ; elytris

profunde punctato-striatis, Interstitiis convexis et minute

seriatim punctulatis, mox ante apicem utrinque plicato-sub-

constrictis ; antennis pedibusque nigro-piceis, illarum capi-

tulo ferrugineo.

Long. corp. lin. 2—vix 23.

Habitat sub cortice laxo necnon in truncis putridis Pini cana-

riensis in locis eleyatis insularum Canaria, Teneriffa ct Palma,

hine inde rarior.

Hylurgus crassicornis? Brullé, Webb & Berth. Hist. Nat.

des Iles Can. 71 (1839).

This singular insect appears to subsist exclusively under the

loose bark and in the rotten wood of the Pinus canariensis, in the

old (and often inaccessible) Pinals of the Canary Islands. It pro-

bably occurs wherever the Pinals still remain; though, from the

excessive difficulty of exploring the remote serras and mountain-

slopes on which they are principally situated, I have myself,

up to the present time, only observed it above San Bartolomao (in

the district of Tarajana), of Grand Canary, at the Agua Mansa of

Teneriffe, and in the Barranco above Santa Cruz of Palma. It

will doubtless be found, equally, in Gomera and Hierro; though

* Vide ‘ Journal of Entomology,” i, pl. XI., fig. 1 (i861),

J00m. Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on

in Fuerteventura and Lanzarote, where not so much as a a fir- tree

exists, of course it cannot be expected to occur.

Genus Hexarrurum. (PI. 18, fig. 2.)

Woll., Annals of Nat. Hist. (Ser. 3), v. 448 (1860).

The weevil for which I established the present genus in the

‘* Annals of Natural History” for June, 1860, was described by

myself in the December number of 1858 as the Rhyncolus capitu-

dum ; and it was through not having my original type of the latter

to compare with it that I inadvertently characterized it afresh,

giving it the name of “ Hexarthrum compressum.” Since, there-

fore, I overlooked the structural peculiarity of the genus in my

first Paper and re-described the species in my second, it follows

that the title under which the insect must stand 1s Hexarthrum

capitulum, the specific name of compressum having been superseded

by the other.

In its 6-jointed funiculus (18, 2a), Hexarthrum differs from all

the other genera of the Cossonides here enumerated, with the ex-

ception of the anomalous Onycholips, which may possibly be re-

garded as a somewhat doubtful member of the present sub-family ;

whilst in its excessively short, broad, triangular rostrum, de-

pressed eyes, and its thick, abbreviated antenna, it is still further

characterized. In everything, however, but the number of the

joints of its funiculus it is identical with the true Rhyncoli,—its

funiculus-articulations being closely compacted together, and with

the second of them not longer than the third; whilst in the almost

unexpanded ante penulntanee joint of its feet it is equally on the

Rhyncolus-type ; nevertheless, the character above alluded to will

at once distinguish it from that group.

2. Hexarthrum capitulum, Woll. (Pl. 18, fig 2.)

Rhyncolus capitulum, Woll., An. of Nat. Hist. (Ser. 3), ii. 410 (1858).

Heaxarthrumcompressum, Id., An, of Nat. Hist. (Ser.3), v.449 (1860).

Habitat Maderam australem, in ligno antiquo a D.D. Park et

Bewicke repertum.

Apparently very rare, or at any rate extremely local, and ob-

served hitherto only in the south of Madeira, where a single speci-

men of it (described by myself as the ‘ Rhyncolus capitulum”) was

first detected by Mr. M. Park. Several examples, however, have

been found more recently by Mr. Bewicke amongst old wood,

company with the Afesoxenus Bemickianus, in a small shed, or out-

house, at the Praia Formosa, near Funchal.

the Atlantic Cossonides. 367

Genus Ruyncotus. (PI. 18, fig. 3.)

(Creutz), Germar, Ins. Spec. 307 (1824).

The Rhyncoli and Phiceophagi are very closely related inter se ;

and of the three Madeiran exponents I have hitherto regarded

only one (the P. sulcipennis) as belonging to the latter, assigning

- the other two (R. fenax and calvus) to the former, The detection,

however, of a typical Rhyncolus in the Canary Isiands has induced

me to believe that the whole three of these Madeiran representa-

tives are better referred to Phlceeophagus, with the recorded cha-

racters of which they have certainly more in common, ‘Thus, whilst

the rostra of the true Rhyncoli are more or less abbreviated and

thick, and the antenne (18, 3a) short, with their funiculus-joints

closely compressed together (the second one, moreover, being as

short as, or even shorter than, the third), and with their capitulum

usually small; in the Phlecophagi the rostra and antenne are for

the most part longer and slenderer, the club of the latter is more

abrupt, and the joints of the funiculus are more separated or dis-

tinct, the second one of which is obconical, and decidedly longer

than the third. The Phlceophagi, also, have their prothorax gene-

rally more rounded at the sides than is the case with the Rhyncole,

and the humeral angles of their elytra rather more sloped off or

obliquely-truncated ; but in this latter particular (which is not a

very important one) the two Madeiran insects which I had regarded

as Rhyneoli partake more of the Rhyncolus- than of the Phlco-

phagus-type.

3. Rhyncolus crassirostris, n. sp. (PI. 18, fig. 3.)

R. piceus, subnitidus; rostro brevi, lato, triangulari, sat crebre

punctulato, oculis oblongis, valde demissis ; prothorace pro-

funde punctato (punctis magnis et versus latera confertis), ad

latera minus rotundato; scutello transverso; elytris profunde

punctato-striatis, interstitiis sub-convexis et minute sub-seria-

tim punctulatis ; antennis brevissimis pedibusque rufo-piceis,

illarum capitulo rufo-ferrugineo, solidissimo, ad apicem valde

truncato.

. j 1

Long. corp. lin. 1.

Habitat in truncis emortuis Pinz canariensis, una cum genere

preecedenti degens; in regione “ Tarajana” ins. Canariz mense

Aprili A.b. 1858 primus inveni.

The present Rhyncolus has much the general appearance of the

European R, truncorum; nevertheless its rostrum is broader and

shorter (being very thick and triangular); its antennee (18, 3a) areé

368 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on

still more abbreviated, with their club abrupter and more straightly

truncated at its apex; its prothorax is much more deeply and

remotely sculptured, and its elytral punctures are also larger, the

small intermediate ones especially being more perceptible. In its

closely-compressed funiculus-joints (the second of which is quite

as short as the following one), and the unexpanded third joint of

its feet, it agrees with the R. truncorum ; nevertheless its funiculus

(no less than the scape) is altogether shorter than is the case in

that insect, and the joints themselyes are more transverse. it

appears to be confined to the Pinals of the Canarian group, where

it perforates the old fir-trees, in company with the Eremotes cras-

sicornis. 1 took several examples of it out of the rotten trunk of

a Pinus Cunariensis on the ascent to the Cumbre above San Barto-

lomao, in the district of Tarajana, of Grand Canary, during my

sojourn there with the Rev. R. T. Lowe, in April, 1858, but I

have not hitherto observed it in any of the other islands,

Genus CAULOPHILUS.

Woll., Ins. Mad. 315, tab. vi. f. 4 (1854).

[ have no further remark to offer on this genus than those

recorded in the ** Insecta Maderensia;” the small weevil on which

it was founded in 1854, and which was captured in 1847, being,

after our combined (but intermittent) researches for now fourteen

years, still unique. Whether a more critical examination of it

would tend to unite it with either the Phleeophagi or Rhyncoli, 1

will not (in the absence of the original type, which is no longer in

my possession) speculate, though I may just repeat the observation,

that ‘its linear outline, and depressed, deeply sculptured surface,

in conjunction with its comparatively large eyes and scutellum,

will at once serve to separate it” from, at any rate, Caulotrupis ;

and I may further add, that if it has eventually to be united with

either of the above-mentioned genera, the chances are that it will

be more easily associated with Rhyncolus than with Phlecophagus.

4, Caulophilus sculpturatus.

Caulophilus sculpturatus, Woll., Ins. Mad. 315, tab, vi. f. 4 (1854),

Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 104 (1857).

Habitat Maderam australem, sero autumno a.p. 1847 specimen

unicum prope Funchal deprehensi.

The single example as yet detected was captured by myself,

during the autumn of 1847, from beneath a stone, on an exposed

the Atlantic Cossonides. 369

grassy slope to the eastward of Funchal, just before arriving at

the Cabo Garajao, or Brazen Head.

Genus Put@ornacus. (PI. 18, fig. 4.)

Schonherr, Gen. et Spec. Cure. iv. 1047 (1838).

As already stated, | propose removing the two Madeiran in-

sects Intherto regarded as Rhyncoli into the genus Phleophagus,

their elongated antenne and rostra (as compared with the Rhyn-

coli proper), laterally-rounded prothorax, somewhat larger club

and less compact funiculus-joints (the second one of which, more-

over, is distinctly longer, vide 18, 4a, than the third), agreeing better

with the published diagnosis of the latter than with that of the

former. So that we shall have, up to the present date of dis-

coveries, only a single Rhyncolus in the Atlantic islands, namely,

the &. crassirostris, from the Canaries; whilst of the Phlcophagi

there will be three in the Madeiran- and five in the Canarian-

‘groups. ‘These ‘ five” latter ones constitute a small geographical

assemblage, and are very closely related inter se, being at first

sight scarcely separable from each other. Nevertheless their

characters are in reality extremely constant, and are not the less

real because they happen to be (for the most part) microscopic,

and thus far, therefore, difficult of observation. At least I can

affirm with truth that, in compiling their diagnoses, I have exa-

mined most critically upwards of 300 specimens, and that I have

not found a single individual which has left me in the slighest

doubt as to the precise type to which it belonged; though it is

certainly an open question whether one or two which I have

thought it safer to record as varielices may or may not hereafter,

when further material is amassed, be considered to rank as ad-

ditional species.

5. Phleeophagus sulcipennis, Woll.

Phleeophagus sulcipennis, Woll., Ins. Mad. 508 (1854).

Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 100 (1857).

Habitat Maderam, in ligno putrido, locis inferioribus, passim :

in horto suo, etiam in ipsa urbe Funchalensi, plurima specimina

collegit Dom. Moniz.

The P. sulcipennis has occurred hitherto only in Madeira proper,

where, until numerous examples were found two years ago by

Sr. Moniz in his garden at Funchal, I had considered it extremely

rare—the only specimens in fact which I had seen being two

which were collected by the late Dr. Heineken, But, since

370 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on

Sr. Moniz’s extensive and successful capture, it has been like-

wise taken, though much more sparingly, by Mr. Bewicke. It is

very closely allied to the European P. spadix, of which it may

possibly be only a geographical state; but its elytra are just per-

.ceptibly more ovate and less rugulose, with their striz less deeply

impressed, and their punctures (when viewed beneath the micro-

scope) rather smaller and considerably more remote; its pube-

scence, too, is perhaps a little shorter, and its antennal club some-

what less robust.

6, Phleophagus tenax, Woll. (PI. 18, fig. 4.)

Rhyncolus tenax, Woll., Ins. Mad. 307 (1854).

Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 100 (1857).

Habiiat Maderam sylvaticam, sub cortice arborum laxo (pree-

sertim laurorum) in locis elevatioribus vulgaris.

An abundant insect throughout ali the sylvan districts of Ma-

deira, occurring principally in the laurel-woods of intermediate

and lofty elevations.

7. Phlecophagus calvus, Woll,

Rhyncolus calous, Woll., Ann. of Nat. Hist. (Ser. 3), v. 448 (1860),

Habitat Maderam australem, in ligno antiquo haud procul ab

urbe Funchalensi 4a Dom. Bewicke repertus.

Found only, hitherto, in Madeira, and only by Mr. Bewicke, by

whom it was detected amongst rotten wood, in company with

Hexarthrum capitulum and the Mesoxenus Bewickianus, during

May of 1857, in a small shed (or out-house) at the Praia For-

mosa, near Funchal. In general contour and type it approaches

the five Canarian species described below ; and in its rather narrow

outline, piceous hue, and but slightly dilated antepenultimate

tarsal-joint, it is, perhaps, nearer to the P. piceus than to any of

them. It is, however, still more piceous than that insect; whilst

its elytra are much less deeply punctate-striated than is the case

with any of the Canarian Phlceophagi—the punctures of the striz

being not only less impressed, but smaller and more remote ; its

scutellum is very minute and triangular, but quite apparent beneath

the microscope.

8. Phleophagus caulium, n. sp.

P. nigro-piceus ; prothorace valde profunde punctato ; scutello

vix observando [oculo valde armato, minutissimo transverso ];

elytris oblongo-ovatis, profunde punctato-striatis, interstitils

the Atlantic Cossonides. 371

vix convexis; pedibus piceis, tibiis subcurvatis, tarsorum

articulo tertio distincte dilatato-bilobo ; antennis piceo-ferru-

gineis, capitulo ovali.

a. prothorace valde profunde punctato, elytris sat profunde

punctato-striatis, interstitiis depressiusculis. [Jnsula Lan-

zarote. |

(. prothorace vix densius leviusque punctato, elytris paulo pro-

fundius punctato-striatis, interstitiis paulo magis convexis.

[Jnsula Fuerteventura. |

Long. corp. lin. 13—vix 2.

Habitat insulas Lanzarote et Fuerteventura Canarienses, 10

ramis Kuphorbiarum emortuis vulgatissimus.

The present Phlceophagus has a just perceptibly different phasis

for the islands of Lanzarote and Fuerteventura respectively (the

specimens from the former having their elytra a trifle less densely

sculptured and with the interstices more depressed, and their pro-

thoracic punctures perhaps somewhat larger and more remote) ;

nevertheless they agree in everything essential, and more espe-

cially in their obsolete scutellum—it being barely possible to catch

a glimpse of it even beneath the highest power of the microscope

(where, however, it may occasionally be just detected in the form

of a minute ¢ransverse plate). The P. cauliwm, moreover, has

its_ tibiae less straightened than in the following species (though

they can scarcely be called flexuose) ; the third joint of its tarsi is

very distinctly expanded and bilobed, and its limbs are a trifle

shorter and darker than is the case in the P. daurimeus. It occurs

in Lanzarote and Fuerteventura (the two eastern islands of the

Canarian Archipelago), where it would seem to be peculiar to the

decayed Euphorbia-stems, and where it was taken abundantly by

Mr. Gray and myself in January, 1858, and subsequently by

myself in March, 1859. It may often be seen crawling up the

whitewashed walls in the villages and towns; bat, as the greater

part of the fuel used for burning is composed of dried bushes of

the various Euphorbias, which may frequently be observed piled

in heaps near the houses, I have but little doubt that such speci-

mens are accidental ones, transported from their proper habitats.

In compiling the above diagnosis I have inspected closely seventy-

three examples.

9. Phleeophagus laurineus, n. sp.

P. nigro-piceus ; prothorace valde profunde punctato ; scutello

distincto, triangulari; elytris sub-olongis, valde profunde

av2 Mr. ‘T. Vernon Wollaston on

prnctato-striatis (punctis magnis), interstitiis valde convexts 5

pedibus rufo-piceis, tibiis rectis, tarsorum articulo tertio dis-

tincte dilatato-bilobo ; antennis pallido-ferrugineis, clongatis,

sub-gracilibus, capitulo sub-acuto-ovali.

Var. B. capitulatus [an species distincta?], paulo minus profunde

sculpturatus, prothorace sub-alutaceo punctis vix minoribus

densioribus, elytrorum interstitiis Vix minus costatis, capitulo

vix abruptiore breviore. [Znsuda Palma. |

Long. corp. lin. 13—vix 2.

ifabitat in locis editioribus Teneriffee, sub cortice laxo necnon

in truncis emortuis laurorum, hine inde vulgatissimus: var. (3. ad

insulam Palmam sola pertinet.

Whilst the preceding Phleeophagus appears to be peculiar to the

Euphorbia-stems of Fuerteventura and Lanzarote, the present

one, so far as I have hitherto observed, is attached to the Laurels

of Tenerifie and Palma, in the decayed trunks of which it often

abounds, at intermediate and lofty elevations. At first sight the .

whole of these Canarian species are scarcely recognizable from

rach other ; but, when placed beneath the microscope, the present

and two following ones will be found to have very distinct scu-

tella—which would suffice, even of itself, to separate them from

the P. caulium and piceus. Amongst other characters, however,

T may mention that the P. daurineus has its elytra (which are per-

haps a trifle less ovate) more deeply sculptured than those of any

of its allies, the punctures of which (except as compared with

those of the P. stmplcipes) are perceptibly larger and the inter-

stices more convex; its antenna, also, are slightly elongate and

pale, with their funiculus-joints somewhat lax znter se, and their

club rather acute, and its third tarsal-articulation is almost (if not

quite) as much expanded and bilobed as in the last species.

The var. 6 (which would seem to be peculiar to Palma) may

possibly be distinct, in reality, from the typical form of ‘Teneriffe ;

nevertheless, its differential characters are so small that I have

thought it better not to isclate it; it differs in having its pro-

thorax (when viewed beneath the microscope) sub-alutaceous,

with the punctures rather smaller and more dense, in its elytral

interstices being somewhat less convex, and its antennal-club a

trifle more abbreviated and abrupt,—in most of which respects

(though not in all) it is somewhat intermediate between the typical

laurineus and the affinis: nevertheless, in the paleness of its an-

tenn and its principal characters (and I believe, also, in its

habits), it has, I think, more in common with the former than with

the Atlantic Cossonides. ote

the latter. I have taken the P. lawrineus abundantly beneath the

bark and in the rotten wood of old laurels in most of the few

remaining sylvan districts of ‘Teneriffe, such as the Agua Garcia,

Las Mercedes, Taganana, &c.; and the var. /3 I found (so far as

I can recollect) under similar circumstances in the Barranco da

Agua, on the north-west of the island of Palma. Of the typical

form I have examined carefully no less than 161 specimens ; and

of the var. J. eighteen.

10. Phleeophagus affinis, n. sp.

P, nigro-piceus; prothorace sub-alutaceo, sat profunde punc-

tato; scutello distincto, triangulari; elytris oblongo-ovatis,

sat profunde punctato-striatis, interstitiis plus minus depres-

siusculis, pedibus rufo-piceis, tibiis rectis, tarsorum articulo

tertio sat distincte dilatato-bilobo ; antennis ferrugineis, capi-

tulo sub-acuto-ovali,

Var. 3 proximus [an species distincta?!, prothorace vix vel

haud subalutaceo, elytrorum interstitiis sub-convexis, capitulo

elongato, [Jnsula Hierro.]

Long. corp. lin. 14—12.

Habitat 'Teneriffam, nisi fallor in ramis Euphorbiarum, hine

inde vulgaris: var. 3 in insula Hierro adhue sola observavi.

For the present Phleeophagus I have no very decided structural

character, and I can therefore best express it negatively,—i. e., by

stating what it is not. ‘Thus, its exceedingly perceptible sentellum

(when viewed beneath the microscope) at once removes it from

the P. caulium and piceus, whilst its sufficiently expanded third

tarsa]-joint will likewise prevent its confusion with the latter, and

therefore @ fortiort with the simplicipes. It remains, therefore,

only to point out its distinctions from the laurineus, and this, in ats

normal state, is easily done, since it is not only less deeply sculp-

tured, and with its antennee somewhat darker and not quite so

elongate, but its elytral interstices are less convex, and its pro-

thorax (like the var. 6 of the daurineus) is more or less sub-aluta-

ceous and with its punctures a little smaller and more dense. In

the var. (5 (from Hierro) all these points are a trifle less evident,

and it is possible, therefore, that further material from that island

might prove the “var. (3 to be distinct, since it stands in much

the same relation to the typical specimens as the Palman “var. 3”

of the last species does to its supposed type. In the Hierro

examples the prothorax does not appear sub-alutaceous under the

microscope, and its elytral interstices are not quite so depressed

374 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on

as in those from Teneriffe; nevertheless, my own belief is that

they are a mere phasis of the latter. ‘The P. affinis is, { believe,

attached principally to the Huphorbia-stems of low and intermediate

elevations, rather than to the forest trees of the higher ones; at

all events I have taken the normal state in such positions at 'Taga-

nana, in the north of Teneriffe, and also more sparingly at the

Acua Mansa; the var. was found at a very slight altitude above

the sea in the region of El Golfo, on the west of Hierro. Of the

former I have examined carefully, beneath the microscope, twenty-

two specimens; but of the latter only nine.

11. Phlocophagus simplicipes, n. sp.

P, nigro-piceus ; prothorace valde profunde punctato; scutello

distincto, triangulari; elytris oblongo-ovatis, profunde punc-

tato-striatis (punctis magnis), interstitiis convexis; pedibus

rufo-piceis, tibiis sub-rectis, tarsorum articulo tertio vix

dilatato; antennis ferrugineis, crassiusculis, scapo breviusculo,

capitulo ovali.

Long. corp. lin, 14—vix 12.

Habitat Teneriftam, arbores emortuas fici in locis inferioribus

terebrans.

The P. simplicipes is very closely allied to the laurineus, but is

rather smaller, with its elytra just perceptibly more ovate (or ex-

panded behind the middle), with the interstices not quite so con-

vex, and with its antenne a little thicker, darker and shorter (the

scape particularly being more abbreviated, and the sub-claval

joints somewhat broader). A more conspicuous character, how-

ever, exists in its third tarsal articulation, which is hardly at all

dilated and bilobed. Unlike the P. daurineus, it appears to occur

at low elevations, and to be attached (so far as I have hitherto

observed) to decayed fig-trees, in the dry, rotten wood of which

it frequently swarms. Under such circumstances I have taken it

abundantly in the Barranco do Passo Alto, near Santa Cruz, of

Teneriffe. The above diagnosis is drawn out from twenty ex-

amples.

12. Phleeophagus piceus, n. sp.

P, piceus, angustulus; prothorace sat profunde punctato;

scutello vel vix vel haud observando; elytris oblongo-ovatis,

ad humeros rectioribus (i.e. minus oblique truncatis), sat

profunde punctato-striatis, interstitiis paulo convexis; pedibus

rufo-piceis, tibiis sub-rectis, tarsorum articulo tertio paulo

the Atlantic Cossonides. 375

dilatato; antennis ferrugineis, funiculi articulis inter se sub-

arctius adpressis, capitulo ovali, abrupto.

Var. [3 subparallelus [an species distincta?] paulo major, pro-

thorace paulo minus profunde punctato, scutello vix dis-

tinctiore. (Jnsule Lanzarote et Fuerteventura. )

Long. corp. lin, 1{—13.

Habitat Canariam Grandem, in arbore quadam fici emortua ad

Mogan mense Aprili a.p. 1858 deprehensus.

The present Phlwophagus differs from all the other Canarian

species hitherto observed in its somewhat smaller size, narrower

outline and more piceous hue. In its only slightly-expanded

antepenultimate tarsal-joint (which, however, is broader than in

that species), as well as in its habits (for it appears to be attached

to the fig-trees of comparatively low elevations), 1t approaches the

P. simplicipes; nevertheless, apart from the characters just alluded

to, its less deeply sculptured surface, somewhat more compact

funiculus-joints, less obliquely-truncated shoulders and usually

imperceptible seutellum, will immediately separate it from that

insect. Indeed, out of ten examples from which the above

(typical) diagnosis has been compiled, it is only in one of them

that I can detect the least trace of a scutellum, even beneath the

highest power of the microscope (though a small triangular place

for its reception is just visible); whereas in the last species the

scutellum is, in all instances, remarkably conspicuous.

The var. 6 (from Lanzarote and Fuerteventura), which may

possibly be specifically distinct, is, on the average, a trifle larger

than the Grand Canarian type, with its scutellum rather more

perceptible, and its prothorax a little less deeply punctured. The

ten specimens from Grand Canary were found in the rotten wood

of an old fig-tree at Mogan, towards the south-west of the island,

on the 16th of April, 1858. Of the var. 6 1 have hitherto cap-

tured only four examples in Lanzarote and one in Fuerteventura;

but two more of it were taken in the former island by Mr. Gray.

I believe they all occurred in decayed fig- trees.

Genus CavuLoTruris.

Woll., Ins. Mad. 308, tab. vi. f. 6, 7, 8, 9 (1854).

I am far from being convinced that this genus can properly be

dissevered from Phlceophagus; and it was mainly through the

species which compose it being somewhat remarkable externally,

and appearing to constitute a small geographical assemblage

peculiar to the Madeiras, that I thought it desirable originally to

376 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on

establish it. Unfortunately the znstrumenta cibaria of the Cur-

culionideé are so totally ignored and unknown, that we may pro-

bably often fail in recognizing the distinctness of closely allied

groups for which good structural characters (however small)

might be afforded by a careful dissection; and it is far from im-

probable, therefore, that the rather singular contour of these stalk-

infesting Caulotrupides may be indicative of more decided modifi-

cations of their oral organs: at any rate, until this point is fairly

settled, I prefer keeping them still apart from the Phlaeophagi.

‘Their main features consist in their comparatively unsculptured

surfaces—their prothoraces especially (which have a tendency to

become more or less conical) being nearly free from sculpture,—

in their apterous, fusiform bodies, sub-connate elytra, and in their

scutella being almost or entirely obsolete. ‘Their third tarsal-

joint also is somewhat more evidently expanded than is the case

in the ordinary Phleophagi; but how far any of these characters

may be the index of more important ones yet to be discovered, I

will not at present venture to conjecture.

13. Caulotrupis lacertosus, Woll.

Caulotrupis lacertosus, Woll., Ins. Mad. 309, t. vi. f. 6 (1854).

Id., Cat. Mad. Col, 102 (1857).

Habitat Maderam sylvaticam (presertim borealem), sub cortice

necnon in ligno emortuo Jaurorum, hine inde sat vulgaris.

Not an uncommon insect towards the lower limits of the sylvan

regions of Madeira, especially, however, in the north of the

island,—occurring in the rotten wood, and under the bark, of

forest-trees, particularly laurels.

14. Caulotrupis subnitidus, Woll.

Caulotrupis subnitidus, Woll., Ann, of Nat. Hist. (Ser. 3), v. 452

(1860).

[Habitat insulas Maderenses (sc. Maderam et Desertam Gran-

dem), ramos Luphorbie piscatorie in locis sub-inferioribus tere-

brans.

Apparently peculiar to the dead Huphorbia-stems of Madeira

and the Deserta Grande, occurring usually in spots of a rather

low elevation.

15. Caulotrupis impius, Woll.

Caulotrupis impius, Woll., Ins. Mad, 311 (1854).

Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 103 (1857).

Habitat insulas Maderenses (sc. Maderam, Desertam Grandem

the Atlantic Cossonides. 3Th

ct Desertam Australem), intra caules Si/ybi Mariani, Grtn. (=

Cardui benedicti, antiquorum), degens.

Found on three of the Madeiran islands,— being very abundant

on the Deserta Grande, apparently more scarce on the Southern

Deserta, and rare in Madeira proper. So far as I have hitherto

observed, it is confined to the soft, pithy stalks of the Sedybum

Marianum (the “ Holy Thistle” of the ancients); though it may

possibly occur in other plants likewise.

16. Caulotrupis lucifugus, Woll.

Caulotrupis lucifugus, Woll., Ins. Mad. 310, t. vi. f. 7, 9 (1854).

Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 102 (1857).

Habitat insulas omnes Maderenses, in insulo singulo plus minus

varians,—vel intra caules plantarum vel sub lapidibus occurrens.

A universal insect throughout the Madeiran group, though

nowhere (unless perhaps on the Northern Deserta) very abun-

dant,-—occurring at low and intermediate elevations, either under

small stones or at the base of the stems of various plants, and

having a more or Jess distinct phasis for the several islands.

17. Caulotrupis terebrans, Woll.

Caulotrupis terebrans, Woll., Ins. Mad. 312, t. vi. f. 8 (1854).

Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 103 (1857).

Habitat Portum Sanctum, in cacuminibus montium rarissimus.

An exceedingly rare species, two specimens only having hitherto

been taken,—captured by myself on the summit of the Pico do

Facho, in April, 1848.

18. Caulotrupis Chevrolatu, Woll.

Caulotrupis Chevrolatii, Woll., Ins. Mad. 313 (1854).

Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 103 (1857).

Habitat Maderam sylvaticam, in locis editioribus haud infre-

quens,

A generally distributed insect throughout the sylvan regions of

Madeira proper, occurring principally at a high elevation.

19. Caulotrupis opacus, Woll.

Caulotrupis opacus, Woll., Ins. Mad. 313 (1854),

Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 103 (1857).

Habitat Maderam sylvaticam, in locis similibus ac pracedens

sed illo paulo rarior.

Occurs in the sylvan districts of Madeira proper, though some-

what more rarely perhaps than the C. Chevrolati.

VOL, V. N.S. PART IX,—JUNE, 1861, Ge

378 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on

20. Caulotrupis conicollis, Woll.

Caulotrupis conicollis, Woll., Ins. Mad. 314 (1854).

Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 103 (1857).

Habitat insulas Maderenses (sc. Maderam et Desertam Gran-

dem), sub lapidibus vel ad caules plantarum, passim.

Found sparingly in Madeira and on the Deserta Grande, oc-

curring under stones and at the stems of plants, at rather low and

intermediate elevations.

Genus Microxytorius. (PI. 18, figs. 5, 6,7, 8, 9.)

Chevrolat, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. (1st Series), 1. 98 (1836).

Corpus parvum, glabrum, in speciebus nonnullis fuasiformi-

elongatum, in aliis etiam breviter ovatum : rostro longiusculo,

subarcuato, deflexo; serobe obliqua, profunda, subrecta, infra

oculos (laterales, sat magnos, rotundatos, demissos) desi-

nente: prothorace ad latera plus minus rotundato, rare co-

nico: scutello haud observando: elytris connatis: alis obso-

letis : abdomine e segmentis 5 composito, articulis Imo et

2do magnis (illo paulo majore), inter se arctissime connatis

(suturaé zgre observanda), 3tio, 4toque brevissimis eequa-

libus, ultimo majore subtriangulari. Antenne (18, 5a, 6a, 7a,

8a, 9a), crassiuscule, ultra medium rostri inserte ; scapo

subareuato, apice clavato; funiculo 5-articulato, articulo

Imo secundo aut vix aut (ut in typicis) distincte latiore,

2do Stioque vel (ut in typicis) inter se subzequalibus vel illo

longiore, 4to Stoque plus minus brevibus subeequalibus (hoc

clavee haud arcte adpresso); capitulo solido, plus minus

elongato-ovato, obscurissime 4-annulato. Pedes (18, 6b, 7b,

Sb, 9b), elongati, robustissimi, subaequales, antic? ad basin

fere approximati, atermedi paulo distantiores, postict valde

distantes : femoribus vel (ut in typicis) muticis, vel posticis

(in utroque sexu?) spina magna acutissima sub-basali supra

armatis ; posticis (preesertim in sexu masculo?) versus apicem

interne transversim strigulosis et per marginem inferiorem

plus minus obscure irregulariter tuberculatis : tibzis subrectis,

validis, ad apicem externum in uncum magnum elongatum

inflexum acutum productis, ad internum angulo parvo spini-

formi terminatis : tarsis pseudotetrameris, articulo 3tio

plus minus late bilobo.

After a careful consideration of the five insects described below,

all of which were taken at St. Helena, by my friend Mr. Bewicke,

of Madeira, amongst native vegetation, on the extreme summit of

the island, I haye come to the conclusion, in spite of their great

the Atlantic Cossonides. 379

variety of outline, and the anomalous character* possessed by two

of them of a large acute spine towards the base of the upper (!)

edge of their femora, that they are nevertheless members of a

single group; and I am the more convinced of this, since in

many well-known Rhynchophorous genera (such as Ceutorhynchus,

Celiodes and Bruchus), we have exponents with toothed thighs

(though toothed in the usual manner, it is true,—i.e. on the under

side, not on the upper), and others with simple ones. For when

we take into account their most peculiar feature of a 5-jointed

funiculus, as well as their glabrous bodies, obsolete scutella, and

the other essential points of their structure, it is impossible to

help perceiving that they are all nearly akin inter se and cannot

properly be separated. I have, however, formed a distinct

section for the dentate species, and have given it a provisional

name, in the event of its being found desirable hereafter to

detach it from the other.

Judging from his description and figure, and taking into ac-

count the island habitat, there cannot be the slightest doubt what-

soever, that at any rate the first two species described below are

congeneric with M. Chevrolat’s Microaylobius Westwoodii, cha-

racterised in the first volume of the ‘Tran. of the Ent. Soc. of

London,” in 1836. I have, however, compiled a fresh diagnosis

for this interesting little group, because that given by M. Chev-

rolat, being founded upon the details of a solitary representative,

does not apply to the whole five now before me; whilst, more-

over, even as regards those points in which it is sufficiently

accurate, it is far too short. It would seem, too, inter alia, that

his quasi-generic character, “ elytra singulatim rotundata extre-

mitate,” is merely a trivial one, as it certainly does not accord

with any of the species here established (though it is a feature

which is more or less evident in the Pentarthra proper, and one

which is just traceable even in the two Mesoxeni from Madeira

and the Canaries), whilst the specific variation in the length of

the second joint of the funiculus he had of course no opportunity

of ascertaining,—his M/. Westwoodii belonging apparently to the

former of my divisions, in which that articulation is scarcely

longer than the third, and following ones. Moreover, his ‘ Pedes

* Whether this character be a sexual one or not, I am scarcely able, from

want of more material, to pronounce for certain; but my belief is, that it is not

sexual, At any rate, I have certainly both sexes of the M. lucifugus ; and there-

fore, as there is no appearance of femoral spines in either males or females of that

species, it is at least probable that the structure is not dependent on the sex in the

M, Chevrolutii and conicollis.

cc2

380 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on

tot approximati,” which would imply (if indeed anything decisive

can be extracted from the expression), that all the legs are

equally distant (and but very slightly so) at their base, can have

no meaning at all in the present and neighbouring groups,—in

which (like most of the Cossonides) the anterior pair are but very

little separated from each other, the intermediate ones a good

deal more so, and the hinder pair excessively distant.

Although members of the same sub-family, and possessing a

5-jointed funiculus, the Microxylobii are essentially distinct from

the Pentarthra, and may be regarded as a little geographical

assemblage, in ali probability (like the Caulotrupides, in Madeira)

peculiar to St. Helena. Apart from their very great differences

of outward configuration, and the spiniferous femora of some of

them, they may be known from the true Pentarthra (which are

narrow, cylindrical, linear, deeply sculptured insects, like Mesites

and Cossonus), by their obsolete scutellum, and more elongated

limbs and rostrum,-—the latter of which is, moreover, less

straightened, and with the antennz inserted much nearer to its

apex; whilst the antennee of the typical Pentarthra are (in both

sexes) strictly medial, or (if anything, perhaps) implanted a

trifle even behind the middle, rather than before it.

It would seem, indced, that there is a small cluster of Cosso-

nideous groups with 5-jointed funiculi; for, now that I have

lately received, through the indefatigable researches of Mr,

Bewicke, a second species of Pentarthrum proper from the island

of Ascension, I have no hesitation whatsoever in regarding the two

weevils from Madeira and the Canaries, which (through a disin-

clination to multiply genera) I had lately registered* as aberrant

Pentarthra, as a separate genus (for which in the present paper

T have proposed the name of Mesoxenus),—characterized by its

almost obsolete eyes, and differing from Pentarthrum proper in

the more convex, fusiform, escutellale bodies, less straightened

rostra, and more apically inserted antenne of the insects which

compose it; and from the St. Helena Microrylobius (to which,

perhaps, it is more akin), in the smaller size and unmetallic sur-

faces of its two hitherto detected representatives,—which, more-

over, have a less dilated antepenultimate tarsal joint, their

antenne implanted a Jité/e further from the apex of their rostrum,

and no tendency whatever for the above-mentioned anomalous

femoral spines. So that, if my premises be correct, we shall

* Vide “ Annals of Natural History’’ (1860), where these two insects are de-

scribed, under the names of Pentarthrum Monizianum and Bewickianum respec-

tively,

the Atlantic Cossonides. 38l

have (up to the present date of discoveries) all mith a 5-joinicd

Jwuculus, the following eleven exponents of the sub-family Cos-

sonides :—two Pentarthra (viz. from the west of England and the

island of Ascension respectively); two Mesoxeni (from Madeira

and the Canaries); one Pentatemnus (from the roots of sand~

plants in the Canaries); and including M. Chevrolat’s original

type, which I have not inspected, six Microrylobu (from St.

Helena).

The Microxylodii now before me, although possessing (as lately

stated) the same essential characters amongst themselves, differ

so very much (specifically) in external contour, that we may be

almost certain that many intermediate forms will yet be brought

to light, and that, like the Madeiran Caulotrupides, they will be

found to be an extensive insular assemblage. So curious an

analogy, indeed, do they bear to the several members of Caulo-

trupis, that I have given these five the same trivial names iter

se, by way of calling attention still further to this singular (though,

perhaps, somewhat fanciful) parallelism.

§ I. Femora (in ulroque sexu?) mutica.

A. Funicult articulus lmus secundo distincte latior ; 2dus tertio vie

longior. (Microxylobu typici.)

21. Microxylobius Westwoodi, Chev.

Microxylobius Westwoodii, Chev., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond, i. 98, pl.

x. f. 6 (1836).

Having been unable to obtain a sight of this insect, I know

nothing of it beyond what may be gathered from M. Chevrolat’s

original diagnosis. But I infer, from Mr. Westwood’s excellent

figure which accompanies it, that it is a member of the former of

my two sections here indicated,—not merely in its unarmed

femora and diminutive bulk (it being described as only a line in

Jength, and therefore even smaller than the A. lacertosus), but also

in the second joint of its funiculus being subequal to the third,

In its brassy hue it would seem to accord with the majority of the

species here characterised,

22. Microxylobius lacerlosus, n. sp. (PI. 18, fig. 5.)

M. elongato-ovatus, piceo-niger, sub-opacus, alutaceus ; capite

rostroque confertissime sed minus profunde punctatis (hoc

subconvexo); prothorace longiusculo, subconvexo, confer-

tissime punctato, ad latera minus rotundato; elytris sub-

seriatim tuberculatis (haud punctatis) et leviter longitudins

382 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on

aliter costatis; antennis pedibusque breviusculis, rufo-piceis ;

tarsorum articulo antepenultimo minus dilatato.

1 1

Long. corp. lin, J$.

This little Microrylobius, the smallest of the species. here cha-

racterized (and apparently but slightly larger than M. Chevrolat’s

M. Westwoodit), may be at once known from the following ones

by its comparatively undilated antepenultimate tarsal joint, its

subopaque, alutaceous surface, and the peculiar sculpture of its

elytra,—which are free from punctures, but are roughened by a

set of minute, somewhat longitudinally-disposed tubercles, and

have a series of obscurely elevated costee, which are rather more

apparent towards either side than near the suture. Its elytra,

also, have their widest part a little behind the middle (which is

not the case in any of the species enumerated below) ; its rostrum,

too, is a little more convex on its upper side, its eyes are a trifle

more prominent, its prothorax is longer and straighter (with the

sculpture much more dense), and its four hinder legs are somewhat

shorter than in its allies described below. Like the M. lucifugus,

it is black; but it is more piceous than that insect, and. has no

trace whatever of a metallic tint, even on its elytra. There was

but a single specimen of it amongst Mr. Bewicke’s captures at St.

Helena.

23. Microxylobius lucifugus, n. sp. (Pl. 18, fig. 6.)

M. fusiformis, niger, subnitidus; capite rostroque confertim

et (presertim in feeminis) profunde punctatis (hoc robusto

et ad apicem in medio leviter depresso; in maribus sub-

triangulari, basi Jato); prothorace convexo, profunde con-

fertim et regulariter punctato, ad latera rotundato; elytris

obsoletissime subeenescentibus, subconvexis, rugulosis, leviter

punctato-striatis, interstitiis latis confertim punctatis; an-

tennis pedibusque robustis, breviusculis, piceis, illarum basi

rufescentiore.

Long. corp. lin. 2.

A large and well-marked species; and one which may be

readily distinguished by (énéer alia) its rather thickened limbs,

black hue (there being only the faintest possible tinge of aneous

just traceable on the elytra), densely and deeply punctured,

though but slightly shining, surface (which, however, is less

opaque than in the M. dacertosus), and by its subrugulose elytra.

Two specimens of it (male and female) were collected at St.

Helena by Mr. Bewicke.

the Atlantic Cossonides. 383

B. Funiculi articulus (mus secundo vix latior ; 2dus tertio multo

longior.

24. Microxylobius terebrans, n. sp. (Pl. 18, fig. 7.)

M., fusiformi-ovatus, eneus, nitidus; capite rostroque sat con-

fertim et profunde punctatis ; prothorace convexo, sat pro-

funde punctato, ad latera rotundato; elytris convexis, leviter

punctato-striatis, interstitiis latis punctatis, ad basin ipsam

paulo ruguloso-asperatis; antennis tarsisque rufo-piceis, il-

larum capitulo minore, minus abrupto, ovato.

Long. corp. lin. 13.

If it should so happen (which, however, I think is not probable)

that the curious development of an acute spine on the upper edge

of the thighs in the two following Microxylobi should be a sexual

character, it is possible that the present species (of which I pos-

sess only a pair of females)-may be removed eventually into the

next section; with the members of which, in the more elongated

second joint of its funiculus and its brightly aneous hue, it better

agrees. Still, in the absence of any appearance of a femoral spine,

and under the impression that that structure is not a sexual one,

I have no alternative but to include the J. terebrans in the same

primary division with the dacertosus and lucifugus. In minor de-

tails, its shining brassy surface will at once distinguish it from

any of the Microwxylobii here described except the M. Chevrolatu

and conicollis; from the latter of which it is altogether removed

by the short-ovate outline, conical prothorax, arcuate upper sur-

face, and peculiar antennze, of that insect. From the MM. Chevro-

latii it may be immediately known by its smaller size, more ovate

outline, more convex prothorax and elytra (the former of which

is more deeply punctured), and by its rather smaller and less

abrupt antennal club.

§ II. Femora postica (in ulroque seau?) spind magnd acutissimd

sub-basali supra armatis, Funiculi articulus \mus secundo

vis latior ; 2dus tertio mullo longior. (Microxylobu aberrantes.

—Subg. Thaumastomerus, Woll.)

25. Microxylobius Chevrolatii, n. sp. (Pl. 18, fig. 8.)

M. fusiformi-elongatus, lete zeneus, nitidus; capite rostroque

sat confertim et profunde punctatis ; prothorace subconvexo,

levissime punctulato, ad latera rotundato; elytris leviter

punctato-striatis, interstitiis latis leviter punctatis, antennis

tarsisque rufo-piceis, illarum capitulo abrupto, globoso-

ovato.

Long. corp. lin. 23.

384 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on

In spite of its analogy (however fanciful) in outward contour

and hue (though not in relative size) with the Madeiran Caulotrupis

Chevrolatit, I have an additional pleasure in dedicating this beau-

tiful Microrylobius to M, Chevrolat, since it was he who first

established the present genus. It may be at once recognized by

its large size, elongate outline, brightly aneous hue, and very

lightly punctulated prothorax. An important character, also,

exists in the second joint of its funiculus, which is longer than is

the case with the corresponding one in either the MZ. conicollis or

terebrans,—it being not only very much more elongate than the

third, but a dtéZe longer than even the basal one. ‘Two examples

of it, which (as I am inclined to believe) may represent the sexes,

and both of which have a powerful spine towards the base of the

upper edge of their femora, were amongst Mr. Bewicke’s 5t.

Helena collection,

26. Microxylobius conicollis, n. sp. (PI. 18, fig. 9.)

M. breviter ovatus, eneus, nitidissimus ; capite rostreque parce

et leviter punctatis (hoc valde deflexo); prothorace conico

(i.e. postice Jato neenon ad Jatera oblique recto), parce ct

leviter punctato; elytris profuncis sub-punctato-striatis, in-

terstitiis latis leviter et parce punctatis ; antennis pedibusque

nigro-piceis, illis ad basin tarsisque rufescentibus.

The M. conicollis is so remarkable an insect that for some time

I had conceived that it must be generically distinct from any of

the preceding species. Indeed the structure of its funiculus and

club (the former of which has its joints more conical, and more

compact inter se, whilst the latter is longer and less abrupt), in

conjunction with its shortly-ovate outline, its much deflexed ros-

trum, and its extremely glossy, slightly sculptured. and arcuate

upper-surface,—its prothorax being not only conical (i. e. broadest

at the extreme base, and with the sides obliquely straight), but

also in a continuous curve with the elytra,—giving it a character

peculiarly its own. Nevertheless, in spite of these external singu-

Jarities, in all essential respects it is moulded on the same type as

the other Microxylobii,—the immensely developed spine on the

upper edge of its thighs being merely somewhat larger than that

of the M. Chevrolatit; whilst its internally-strigulose femora, ob-

solete scutellum, and the other details of its structure, are all co-

incident with the corresponding ones of the several members of

the genus here described. A single specimen only of it was cap-

tured by Mr. Bewicke, during his visit to St. Helena.

the Atlantic Cossonides. 38

Genus Pentaremnus, nov, gen. (PI. 19, fig. 1.)

Corpus parvum, fusiforme, sculpturatum, parce sed longe et

grosse pilosum: rostro breviusculo, Jatiuseulo, tereti (ad au-

tennarum inseruonem haud ampliato), vix arcuato, paulo

deflexo ; oculis (ut in genere Afesoxeno) minutissimis, valde

demissis, fere obsoletis (egre observandis), e lentibus 5 vel

6 solum compositis ;_ scrobe brevi, sat profunda, infra oculum

desinente et ibidem (sed heud argute) terminatad: prothorace

longiusculo, sub-conico, ad latera paulo rotundato; seutello

obsoleto: elytéris connatis: alis nullis: abdomine e segmentis

4 composito (suturis tribus profunde et argutissime im-

pressis’, 1mo maximo (e duobus confluentibus composito),

2do S3tioque brevissimis, 4to rotundato-triangulari. Antenne

(19, Ja) breves, crassee, in utroque sexu vix pone medium

rostri insertz ; scapo ad basin ipsam flexuoso, apice facile

clavato ; funiculo 5-articulato, 1mo magno crasso, reliquis lon-

gitudine sub-aequalibus, latitudine paulo crescentibus, ultimo

clave haud arcte adpresso; capitulo solidissimo, globoso-

ovato, apice obscurissime annulato et ibidem paululum piloso.

Pedes breves, validi, sub-equales, antict ad basin fere ap-

proximati, zrtermedi paulo distantiores, postict (19, 1b) valde

distantes: femoribus crassis, clavatis, muticis: ¢ibis rectis,

extus muticis (haud spinulosis), ad apicem externum in un-

cum maximum acutissimum valde deflexum (unco in poste-

rioribus basi extus compresso-ampliato, necnon magis subito

deflexo, quare nisi oculo valde obliquo superne haud obser-

vando), sed ad internum in spinam brevem parvam robustam,

productis; anticis intus versus apicem longe pilosis: larsis

psendotetrameris, filiformibus, crassiusculis, articulo Imo

longiusculo, 2do 3tioque paulo brevioribus sub-equalibus

(hoe vix dilatato et vix bilobo), 4to minutissimo, ultimo

circiter primi longitudine, sub-clavato, unguiculis parvis sim-

plicibus munito.

Obs. Genus corpore piloso aptero, oculis obsoletis tarso-

rumque articulo antepenultimo vix reliquis latiore, necnon

pedibus sub-fossoriis habituque generali subterraneo generi

Leipommata (Porttis Sancti) proximum; sed funiculo 5- (nec

7-) articulato, antennis brevioribus magis incrassatis, ab api-

cem rostri distantioribus, prothorace longiore conico, scutello

omnino obsoleto, tarsis crassioribus uncisque tibiarum poste-

riorum acutioribus, multo magis subitoque deflexis (quare su-

386 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on

perne haud observandis), necnon ad basin externam com-

presso-ampliatis, praeter ceeteras, discedit.

A mévre, quinque, et répivw, seco.

In the anomalous construction of its minute, deeply-sunken and

almost obsolete eyes, as well as in its escutellate apterous body,

connate elytra and 5-articulated funiculus, the curious weevil from

which the above details have been drawn is coincident with the Ma-

deiran and Canarian J/fesoxeni; nevertheless, in its much broader,

shorter and less arcuated rostrum (which is of equal breadth

throughout,* not being in the least degree widened at the point of

insertion of the antennz), as also in its more abbreviated and much

less apically implanted antennz (which spring from rather behind

the middle, instead of at a considerable distance before it), its haay

surface, the outer basal-enlargement of its four hinder tibial-

hooks, its almost undilated antepenultimate tarsal joint, and its

extraordinary burrowing habits, it altogether recedes from those

insects. Indeed there can be no doubt that it is far more inti-

mately allied, in reality, to the curious Leipommata calcaratum from

Porto Santo,—with which, in its unexapanded feet, pilose body (a

most remarkable feature for an insect which resides deep under-

ground, beneath shifting sand), and sub-fossorial mode of life, it

entirely agrees; nevertheless, in Leipommata the funiculus is 7-

(instead of 5-) articulate, the eyes are quite absent, the antenne

(although short) are longer and slenderer, and are inserted a little

before the middle of the rostrum (instead of somewhat behind it),

the scutellum is just traceable beneath the microscope, the hinder-

tibize ave sub-flexuose, the tibial-unci are less acute, and the four

posterior ones very much less decurved} (so that they are quite

apparent when the insect is viewed from above) and without any

trace of the disproportioned development at their outer base.

* In this respect, as well as in the submedial position of its antenna in both

sexes (no less than in its 5-jointed funiculus), it agrees better with Pentarthrum

than with Mesorenus ; but the fully developed eyes and scutella of the Pentarthra,

in conjunction with their linear, glabrous bodies (the most essential feature of the

typical Cossonides), smaller and ordinary tibial-hook (which is not enlarged into

an obtuse, compressed process at its outer base), and their common lignivorous

habits, will at once separate them from the whole of these blind, pilose, sub-

fossorial, sand-infesting Curculionide.

+ The sudden manner in which the four hinder tibial-unci are decurved in

Pentatemnus is very remarkable,—being, in consequence, quite concealed from

view unless the insect be examined laterally ; whilst the compressed development

at the base of these unci is, on the other hand, so apparent, that it seems primd

facie as though it terminated the tibie, and that there was no hook beyond it.

the Atlantic Cossonides. 387

Thus, whilst Pentatemnus resembles in some respects Leipom-

mata and in others Mesoxenus, its structural details entirely forbid

its being associated with either of them; though I think that the

characters which would tend to affiliate it with the former are the

more important ones, and that it must be considered therefore as

nearer akin to the Porto Santan genus than to the wood-feeding

Mesoxeni of Madeira and Teneriffe.

I do not hesitate in regarding as “ blind” the members of the

present and three following genera, because, although it is only in

two of them (Onycholips and Leipommata) that the eyes are abso-

lutely untraceable beneath the highest power of the microscope, it is

nevertheless equally certain that the others (Pentatemnus and Me-

soxenus) have their visual organs so excessively imperfect, minute,

deeply immersed and rudimentary, that they are strictly what

would be termed “ obsolete ;” and there can be no doubt there-

fore, I imagine, that these latter ones likewise must be practically

blind.

In spite of their many and important discrepancies (for the

exponent of the second genus, in the construction of its almost

incomprehensible feet, is perhaps one of the most extraordinary

Coleopterous insects which has ever been made known) I am

nevertheless convinced, after a long and careful consideration of

them, that at any rate the first three of these groups are so closely

allied that no system of classification, which would tend on

account of those “ discrepancies’ to place them far asunder, can

possibly be a natural one. Indeed, their want of sight, their

coarsely-sculptured pilose bodies, obsolete wings and sub-fossorial

habits (the insects residing underground at the roots of the few

plants which stud the tracts of drifting sand in the eastern islands

of the Canarian, and northern one of the Madeiran, Archipelago, )

are all particulars, and very expressive ones, in which they are

literally coincident. And, when we take into account the extreme

peculiarity of their mode of life (for the Rhynchophora) and their

remarkable feature of a hairy surface (especially for Cossonides,

and for creatures, moreover, which live at a considerable depth in

the sand—never rising to the surface except when brought there

by accident or design), we shall be still further struck by the

fact, that the habits of these Curculios are as marvellous as they

are identical inter se.

If we may consider, therefore, their near relationship as a

settled point, it becomes comparatively easy to discuss their

affinities; for, had the second of them only (Onycholips) been

brought to light, we might have had great difficulty in referring it

388 » Mr. 'T. Vernon Wollaston on

to any known sub-family or group—the structure of its four

hinder tarsi and other minutiz being quite unintelligible without

the aid of some collateral form to suggest a partial explanation.

But, granting its kinship with Pentatemnus and Leipommata, we at

once connect it with the Mesoxent (of Madeira and Teneriffe),

which Pentatemnus manifestly approaches, and thence with Pen-

tarthrum and the typical Cossonides.

The burrowing propensity of the representatives of these three

genera (Pentalemnus, Letpommata and Onycholips) cannot be too

prominently brought forward—not simply because of its eccen-

tricity amongst the Cossonideous groups, but likewise because

the whole details of their structure, except (apparently) their

more or less hirsute bodies, are in perfect keeping with this in-

stinct of their nature; for, whilst all of them are blind (eyes being

useless for creatures which never intentionally approach the light)

and apterous, Letpommata and Pentatemnus have the nner apical-

angle of their tibize (a very rare circumstance in the true Rhyncho-

phora) produced into an acute spine, their antepenultimate tarsal-

joint (the usual dilatation of which implies a power of adhesion to

the foliage and stems of plants) almost unexpanded, and their

elytra connate ; whilst in Onycholips the four posterior tibiae are

powerfully spinulose along their outer edge (after the fashion of

many of the Lamellicorns), and have their feet (of which here-

after) most abnormally furnished with compressed divaricating

spiniform lobes.

(oly s

27. Pentatemnus arenarius, n. sp. (PI. 19, fig. 1.)

P, angusto-ellipticus, piceus, pilis longis sub-erectis mollibus

cinereis parce vestitus; prothorace longiusculo, sub-conico,

valde profunde et distincte punctato; elytris transversim

rugulosis, sub-seriatim punctatis ; antennis pedibusque paulo

rufescentioribus,

Occurrit pilis plus minus attritis,—corpore sub-calvo,

Pecan line el

Long. corp. lin, 14—1]}.

Habitat insulas Lanzarote, Fuerteventura et Gran Canaria, ad

radices plantarum (presertim Zygophyllum Montanesti, Webb) in

arenosis aridis submaritimis crescentium, hine inde haud infre-

quens.

Although the present insect would never be found by any one

who was unacquainted with its habits, it 1s nevertheless far from

uncommon when searched for in its proper localities. It occurs,

the Atlantic Cossonides. 389

generally, at a considerable depth underground, about the roots of

various shrubby plants (particularly the Zygophyllum Fontanesii,

Webb, and a small Euphorbia) which stud the dry barren sandy

tracts of I'uerteventura, Lanzarote and Grand Canary, and around

which solid hillocks have gradually accumulated from the loose

surface-sand, which the constant breezes of those latitudes keep

in an eternal state of drift. In such situations, by selecting a

mound and scooping a large hole at the side of it (so as to catch

everything that might chance to fall), and then laying bare the

roots and stems immediately above it, I have at times taken the

Pentatemnus in tolerable profusion—especially on the arid wastes

in the vicinity of Porto de Cabras of Fuerteventura, and on those

far more extensive ones at Corralejo (the extreme northern point

of the island). In like positions I have found it, though more

sparingly, near Arrecife, of Lanzarote, and at Maspalomas, in the

south of Grand Canary.

Genus Onycuorirs, nov. gen. (PI. 19, fig. 2.)

Corpus parvum, sub-globoso-ovatum, sculpturatum, longissime .

et grosse pilosum: rostro brevi, latissimo, apicem versus vix

angustiore (ad antennarum insertionem haud ampliato), vix

arcuato, deflexo; oculis nullis; scrobe brevissima, profunda,

flexuosa, valde obliqué (sc. foveolé auriculiformi solum):

prothorace breviusculo, ad latera rotundato: scutello distincto,

triangulari: elytris liberis: alis nullis: abdomine e segmentis

5 composito, Imo sat magno, 2do brevi, 3tio 4toque brevis-

simis, 5to rotundato-triangulari. Antenne (19,2a) brevis-

simee, crassa, in utroque sexu prope medium rostri insertz ;

scapo brevissimo (in scrobe auriculiformi profunda omnino

abscondito), sub-flexuoso, gracili ; funiculo 6-articulato, arti-

culis Imo et 2do maximis crassis latitudine sub-zequalibus

(illo paulo breviore transverso-rotundato, hoe sub-ovato apice

late truncato) et pilis paucis longissimis obsitis, reliquis parvis

brevibus sub-zequalibus, ultimo clavee sat arcte adpresso;

capitulo magno, solidissimo, globoso-ovato, apicem versus

densissime et sat longe piloso. Pedes breves (antici brevis-

simi), validissimi, fossoril, anteriores ad basin approximati,

postici(19, 2c, 2d) valde distantes: femoribus crassiusculis, sat

clavatis, muticis: ¢ibiis anticis (19, 2b) rectis extus haud spi-

nulosis, ad apicem externum in lobum tectiformem obtusum

longissimum Jete translucidum, sed ad internum in spinam

parvam valde compressam, productis ; postcrioribus sub-cur-

vatis, extus fortiter spinulosis, ad apicem (externum et in-

390 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on

ternum) valde compressis et lobato-ampliatis: tarsis brevibus,

valde anomalis, pone tibiarum apicem compressum lobatum

insertis, quasi 4-articulatis (articulo ultimo vel vere vel quasi

obsoleto!) ; anticis (19, 2b) vere 4-articulis [articulus ultimus

omnino abest], brevissimis, longissime pone apicem tibiarum

lobatum sitis et lobo ipso brevioribus [ergo superne haud

observandis], filiformibus, articulo Imo brevi, 2do longiore,

3tio hoc paulo breviore, 4to praecedenti vix minore, regu-

lariter ovali necnon ad apicem pilis perpaucis longissimis

obsito; posterioribus (19, 2c, 2d) quasi 4-articulatis [articuli

ultimus et penultimus nisi fallor inter se omnino commis-

centur, articulum, aut potius appendiculam bifurcatam, ano-

malam, efficientes], articulis 2do, 3tio et ultimo ad angulos

anticos longissime spinoso-lobatis (articulos 3 longe bifur-

catos formantibus!)—articulo 1mo brevi-ovato apice trun-

cato, intra apicem compressum tibiarum abscondito, 2do

majore longiore, una cum Stio (minore graciliore) lobis duobus

spiniformibus longissimis aucto, 4to nisi fallor minuto inter

spinas tertii immerso et in ultimum (apice bifurcatum, sed

haud unguiculatum) omnino suffuso.

Obs. Genus valde anomalum, scapo brevissimo (in scrobe

auriculiformi omnino abscondito), funiculo 6-articulato (arti-

culis Imo et 2do maximis crassis subzequalibus, reliquis

minutissimis), corpore sub-globoso longissime piloso ceco,

habituque subterraneo fossorio necnon tibiarum tarsorumque

structura mirifica abnormali Curculionidis omnibus mihi cog-

nitis toto czlo differt.

Ab ovvé, unguiculus, et Nei, relinquo.

In its marvellously reduced antennal scape (which is so exces-

sively short as to lie entirely buried within the deep fovea, or abbrevi-

ated scrobs, in which it is implanted), as well as in the very unusual

proportions of its six-jointed funiculus, its total freedom from even

the rudiments of eyes, and its most wonderful tibize and feet, this

extraordinary genus presents a combination of features perfectly

anomalous, and which I believe are quite unparalleled in any

Coleopterous insect on record. Indeed, the structure of its

tibia and tarsi are so outrageously abnormal, that, did not the

general outward contour of the creature, and the formation of its

rostrum, oral organs and antennz (not to mention its superficial

points of resemblance with the exponent of the preceding genus),

bespeak it as Rhyncophorous, it would have been quite impos-

sible to decide to what primary division of the Coleoptera it

should be referred. And althovgh even now I may be mistaken

the Atlantic Cossonides. 391

in the conclusions which I have drawn, I may add that, had

I not mounted in balsam many specimens of the legs for micro-

scopic observation, and thus fixed them in so transparent a

medium that their immer structure became visible, I do not think

I could have offered any explanation of a foot which seemed to

have nothing in common with the ordinary Coleopterous type.

Whilst examining the tibice and tarsi of this Canarian “ mon-

ster’”* (in balsam) under the microscope, one might almost imagine

(however fancifully) that one could trace out the mode of its de-

velopment in arriving at its present erratic climax; for it would

seem as if the tibiae had been gradually increased by a narrow,

compressed, lateral, spinulose marginal-appendage, which had be-

come so enormously developed at the tip as to have almost

doubled the original length of the limb,—so that the tarsi, which

are implanted into the apex of the frue tibie, arise immensely be-

hind the lobed termination of what I may be perhaps permitted

to call (by way of illustration) the pseudo-tibia. In the front-

legs (19, 2b), which are excessively short, this compressed marginal

rim is hardly at all developed along the edge,—where it is just

traceable (under a high power) as a hair-like line armed with one

or two rudimentary infinitesimal spines; but at the apew it is pro-

duced into a long, obtuse, roof-shaped lobe,} or finger, concave

beneath and far exceeding the tarsus in length,—which is conse-

quently entirely hidden when viewed from above. In the four

hinder tibiae (19, 2c, 2d) this compressed lateral ‘‘ appendage” is

much more developed, and powerfully spinulose along its outer

edge; and at the apex it is greatly enlarged,—stretching out,

moreover, into elongated lobes which occupy the relative positions

of the internal and external angles of the ‘ true” tibia, and which

almost conceal from observation the basal joint of the tarsus

(which arises out of the latter).

Thus much for the tibize,—the structure of which, however

anomalous (especially for the Rhynchophora), is intelligible enough.

Not so, however, the feet,—which, although on a perfectly dif-

ferent type in the front-legs to what they are in the remainder,

may be all regarded as tetramerous,{ the apical joint having either

* Length, one line!

+ This tectiform finger, or lobe, has a very beautiful appearance, even under an

ordinary lens, when seen in particular lights,—reflecting from its thin surface a

rich sanguineous iridescence. And indeed all the compressed spines, both of the

tibie and tarsi, show more or less of this peculiarity ; though, from their exces-

sively minute dimensions, it is in them less conspicuous.

$ It may perhaps be said, that I have described from imperfect specimens,—

392 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on

become merged with that which precedes it (as I believe to be the

case with the hinder ones), or else (as I am inclined to think pro-

bable in the anterior pair) entirely lost.

The front-tarsi (19, 2b) are very short, slender and small; and,

since they do not equal in length the apical projection of the tibia,

they are only visible when the insect is looked at obliquely, when

they may be seen hanging loosely down, as though weak and

aboriive,—a peculiarity which is at once confirmed on inspection,

for they have every appearance of being useless. They would

scem to be composed of four joints of sub-equal breadth,—the

second being a little the longest, and the ultimate one regularly

oval and furnished at its tip with a few long hairs. There is no

indication whatever of waguiculi, and therefore, as the whole

number of articulations (so far as I can detect them) is only four,

I conclude that the claw-joint must be the missing one. So abbre-

viated indeed are these feet, and so cumbersome must be the

elongate overhanging tibial-lobe, that one can scarcely understand

how they could possibly be brought into play; but whether their

present abortive and imperfect state can have any connection with

this fact, or whether the outrageous and most anomalous develop-

ment of the four hinder tarsi can have had any correlative ten-

dency to weaken the structure of the front ones, it is useless to

conjecture,

The four posterior feet, however, constitute the chief anomaly

of this remarkable Curculio; and it was not until I had looked at

them for a considerable time, and had thought over them for many

days, that I felt at all satisfied about the nature of their real

structure; for their first appearance (19, 2d) is simply that of

three apically-bifircate portions, or joints, arising one out of the

other in succession, and each of them diminishing in breadth, as

well as in the length of these enormously-developed lateral spini-

form lobes. On mounting them, however, in balsam, and throw-

ing a strong light through them from beneath (vide 19, 2c), a basal

articulation (which was concealed before within the double and

compressed apical-enlargement of the tibia) became at once appa-

rent; whilst, at the same time, I was able to detect in the follow-

ing transparent joints distinct indications of what would seem to

have been (speaking metaphorically) the size and shape of the

original joints before the present immense lateral appendages were

which indeed I was, myself, at first inclined to suspect; but I can only say that

I have mounted carefully twelve legs in balsam, and have examined, as opaque

objects, those of twelve more examples (amounting, on the whole, to eighty-four

limbs), and I find no exception to the above statement.

—

the Atlantic Cossonides. ‘ 393

alded to them. Thus, on this principle, the first articulation

(now hidden within the augmented tibial-apex) appears to have

been short and small, the second one (now furnished with these

two immense spiniform lobes) much larger and slightly emarginate

at its front edge, the third (likewise armed with these elongate

lateral appendages) rather smaller and slenderer, and a little more

decidedly emarginate at its apex, whilst the ultimate one (at the

base of which I believe I can discern evidences of the minute

penultimate joint of the ordinary pscudotetramerous foot) would

appear to have terminated befere the base of the two (com-

paratively short) divaricating and exceedingly thin lobes which

now crown its apex.

On this explanation (which I believe to be really correct), the

foot is reduced from a perfectly incomprehensible type to an in-

telligible one; and although (to make my meaning more plain) I

have used the term “development,” &c., in speaking of these

abnormal spiniform lobes, I do not mean thereby to express my

conviction that the latter have actuaily been added to a foot which

was originally formed after the fixed Rhynchophorous pattern ; but

simply that that type has not altogether been lost sight of in even

this extravagant modification of it.

Since the ‘‘ developments” at the apex of the tibia of this Cur-

culionideous monster, and which so marvellously increase the

length of what I have (somewhat fancifully) designated the

tibial spur and hook (at the internal and external angles, respec-

tively); and since the spiniform lobes of the second and third

tarsal joints likewise arise from the angles of those articulations

(as though they were enormous prolongations of them); I there+

fore conclude, from analogy, that the two (smaller) terminal lobes

of the dast tarsal-joint follow the same law, and may be regarded,

consequently, as prolongations of the angles of that joint, and

have nothing whatever to do with the wnguiculii—which they,

therefore, do not represent. And, in support of this, the evident

indications that are present may be adduced of the claw-joint

having (as it were) terminated before the base, or commencement,

of this bifurcated “appendage.” Or we may state it thus :—

since the claws are altogether absent in the fron-feet, it.would

appear the less improbable @ priori that they might have become

also obsolete in the posterior ones,—-absorbed (as it were), if I

may so express it, by this anomalous development of spiniform

lobes; in which case the lobes could not be said to represent them,

VOL. V. N.S. PART IX,—JUNE, 1861. DD

394 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on

though they might be regarded as the proximate cause of their

extinction.

With respect to the minor generic details of this curious insect,

space forbids me to comment on them,—so I must merely refer to

the diagnosis. I may just add, however, that it differs inter alia,

from Pentatemnus in having its scutellum distinct and its elytra

free, in its four anterior legs being approximate at their base,

and in the remarkable confirmation of its antenne (19, 2a),—

the scape of which (as already stated) is so minute as to be quite

buried in the small scrobs, or auriculiform fovea, in which it is

implanted ; whilst the funiculus is 6-articulate (the first two

joints being very large and thick, and the remaining four short

and small); and the capitulum most densely pilose towards its

apex. |

28. Onycholips bifurcatus, n. sp. (Pl. 19, fig. 2.)

O. globoso-ovatus, pallido-ferrugineus, rostro ad apicem ipsum

nigro, pilis longissimis erectis mollibus flavo-cinereis vestitus ;

prothorace parvo, coleopteris angustiore, ad latera (pre-

sertim postice) rotundato, punctato (punctis maximis sed

leviter impressis); elytris rugosis, substriato-punctatis (punctis

maximis sed Jeviter impressis confusis) et minutissime sub-

seriatim tuberculato-asperatis; antennis pedibusque vix pal-

lidioribus.

Long. corp. lin. 1—14.

Habitat insulas Fuerteventura et Gran Canaria, in locis simi-

libus ac Pentatemnus arenarius et una cum illo degens, sed multo

rarior: ad radices Zygophyllum Fontanesii prope Puerto de

Cabras Fuerteventure sat frequens, necnon inter urbem Las

Palmas et viculum Puerto de Luz, Canarie Grandis, exemplar

unicum cepi.

Occurs at the roots of shrubby plants, in company with the

Pentatemnus arenarius, but very much rarer. In the sandy region

to the south of Puerto de Cabras, of Fuerteventura, it was taken

sparingly, both by myself and Mr. Gray; and I found a single

specimen of it in Grand Canary, on the sandy isthmus (between

Las Palmas and Puerto de Luz) which connects the Isleta with

the mainland.

Genus Lrirommata. (PI. 19, fig. 3.)

Woll., Cat. Mad. Col. 100 (1857).

The curious weevil which was detected by myself in Porto

Santo, at the roots of sand-plants, during May of 1855, and for

the Atlantic Cossonides. 395

the reception of which I founded (in 1857) the present genus, is,

as has been already stated, so closely allied in external aspect

and contour to the Pentatemnus arenarius (found in similar spots

in the three eastern islands of the Canarian archipelago), that at

first sight it would undoubtedly be regarded as congeneric with

it. Yet, in spite of this wonderful similarity in facies and habits,

the Leipommata calcaratum recedes from Pentatemnus in many of

the most important details of its structure,—though especially,

perhaps, in possessing a 7- (instead of a 5-) jointed funiculus.

In their pilose bodies and sub-fossorial habits (two most re-

markable characters for the Cossonides), as well as in their sub-

connate elytra, obsolete wings, almost unexpanded antepenulti-

mate tarsal-joint, and the more or less produced (or spiniform)

tnner apical-angle of their tibiae, the two insects are nearly coinci-

dent; nevertheless, in Letpommata the eyes are entirely absent

(there being no indication of them whatsoever, even beneath the

microscope); the antennee (although short) are rather longer and

thinner, and implanted a little nearer to the apex of the rostrum ;

the prothorax is smaller and less conical, the scutellum is not

quite obsolete (being just traceable under a high magnifying

power), the tarsi are slenderer, and the apex of the tibia is very

differently modified,—the large outer hook (vide 19, 3b) being

more obtuse and very much less deflexed (so that the four hinder

ones are quite apparent when the insect is viewed from above),

whilst the inner terminal-spine is considerably larger and more

elongated. In Leipommata, moreover, the hinder tibiz are less

straightened than in Pentatemnus, and the base of their apical-

hook is not compressed and developed as is the case in that

genus.

29. Leipommata calcaralum, Woll, (PI. 19, fig. 3.)

Leipommata calcaratum, Woll., Cat. Mad. Col, 101 (1857).

Habitat Portum Sanctum (insularum Maderensium), ad radices

plantarum (preesertim Arundo donax) in colliculis arenosis mox

pone oram maritimam crescentium, mense Maio a.p. 1855 a

meipso repertum.

Taken sparingly at the roots of sand-plants (especially the com-

mon Arundo donax), and generally at a considerable distance

beneath the surface, on the sand-hills of Porto Santo (immediately

behind the sea-beach), during May, 1855.

Genus Mesoxenus, nov. gen. (PI. 19, figs. 4, 6.)

I need not give the structural details afresh of the two singular

DD2

396 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on

insects for the reception of which I would now propose the pre-

sent genus. In a late paper on “ Additions to the Madeiran

Coleoptera,” published in the ‘* Annals of Natural History” for

last year, I described these species minutely, and, whilst record-

ing them as aberrant Pentarthra, stated the exact points in which

they differed from Pentarthrum proper,—as then solely repre-

sented by the P. Hattoni, from the west of England. I will

simply add, therefore, that the detection by Mr. Bewicke of a

second Pentarthrum, in the island of Ascension, has so completely

confirmed my original diagnosis of the group (enabling me, inter

alia, to pronounce for certain, what I was formerly only able to

suspect, that the antennze are in both sexes strictly medial), that

I can no longer admit into it the two weevils enumerated below,—

the characters of which are very different from the corresponding

ones of the veritable Pentarthra: indeed, the possession of a

5-jointed funiculus is almost the only essential peculiarity in

which the members of this genera agree,

The Mesorent are at once separated from the Pentarthra by

their almost obsolete eyes* (which are so extremely rudimentary

and abortive that there can be but little doubt that the creatures

must be practically blind), by their quite obsolete scutella, by

their longer, narrower, and more arcuated rostra, which is slightly

widened at the point of junction of the antenna, and by these

latter being very decidedly ante-medial in their insertion. The

Mesoxeni, also, are more convex, fusiform and less roughened

Insects than the Pentarthra (which are narrow, parallel and

deeply sculptured, like the Mesites and Cossoni); and their pro-

thoraces are less conical,—being rounded at the sides, instead of

being widest at the extreme base.

30. Mesoxenus Monizianus, Woll. (PI. 19, fig. 4.)

Pentarthrum Monizianum, Woll., Ann. of Nat. Hist. (Ser. 3),

v. 450 (1860).

Habitat insulas Maderenses et, Canarienses, rarissimus: spe-

cimen unicum mense Martio a. vp. 1857 ad Orotavam ‘Teneriflz

primus deprehensi, sed tempore vernali 1858 in horto quodam

Funchatensi Maderz copiosior collegit Dom. Moniz.

Apparently extremely rare, or at any rate very local; and the

only one of the Atlantic Cossonides which has hitherto been ob-

* For a description of these eyes, vide ‘ Annals of Natural History” (Ser. 3),

v. 450 (1860).

the Atlantic Cossonides. 397

served in more than a single island-group. A solitary specimen

of it was taken by myself, in a house at Orotava, in the north of

Teneriffe, during March, 1857; and many more were captured

by Sr. Moniz, in Madeira, during the spring of 1858,—from out

of old boards lying on the damp earth in his garden at Funchal.

31. Mesorenus Benickianus, Woll. (PI. 19, fig. 6)

Pentarthrum Benickianum, Woll., Ann. of Nat. Hist. (Ser. 3),

v. 451 (1860),

Habitat Maderam australem, in ligno antiquo a Dom. Bewicke

repertus,

Likewise very scarce,—or, at any rate, extremely local; and

hitherto found only by Mr. Bewicke, amongst rotten wood in a

small shed, or out-house, at the Praia Formosa, near Funchal.

Genus Penrarturum. (PI. 19, fig. 5.)

Woll., Ann. of Nat. Hist. (Ser. 2), xiv. 129 (1854).

The genus Pentarthrum was established by myself, in 1854, for

the reception of a small weevil discovered by my nephew, the

Rev. H. W. Hutton, during the previous year, in Devonshire ;

and, with the exception of AMicroxylobius, it was the first true

member of the Cossonides in which less than seven funiculus-joints

had been observed. Since then, however, I have myself de-

scribed four other Cossonideous gevera, in which the articulations

of this portion of the antenna are numerically reduced,—namely,

Hexarthrum and Onycholips, in which the number of joints are

six ; and Pentatemnus and Mesoxenus, in which it is five ; so that,

up to the present date, there are four known groups of this sub-

family which possess a 5-jointed funiculus,—i.e., Microrylobius

(from St. Helena), Pentatemnus (from the Canary Islands), Afe-

soxenus (from Madeira and the Canaries), and Pentarthrum (from

the south-west of England and Ascension).

As already stated (in my observations under the preceding

genus), the recent detection by Mr. Bewicke, at Ascension, of a

new Pentarthrum, has so completely confirmed my original diag-

nosis of the groun (proving, amongst other important particulars,

that the antenne are in both sexes strictly medial), that it is impos-

sible to include under it any longer the two curious Madeiran

beetles which (from a dislike to multiplying genera) I had charac-

terized last year (in the ‘* Annals of Natural History”) as aberrant

Pentarthra, wonder the respective titles of P. Monizianum and

Bewickianum; and 1 have consequently just proposed for these

398 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on

latter the generic name of Mesoxenus. And, in point of fact, Me-

soxenus and Pentarthrum (each of which have now two known ex-

ponents) are remarkably well-defined inter se, and cannot possibly

be confounded; for not only has the latter large and fully-de-

veloped eyes and a distinct scutellum (whilst the former is escutel-

late, and almost, if not entirely, blind), but its antennee are in-

serted, also, much further from the apex of the rostrum—which

latter is broader, less arcuate, and of perfectly equal breadth

throughout. The Pentarthra, likewise, are more linear, parallel

and deeply sculptured insects than the Mesoxeni ‘resembling the

typical Cossonides),—being less fusiform, and with their protho-

races (instead of dilated at the sides) sub-conical.

The only structural differences that I can possibly detect be-

tween the British and Ascension Pentarthra are, that the latter has

the joints of its funiculus (vide 19, 5a) a little more compact—

with the second one not at all longer than the third (all except the

enlarged one at the base being of sub-equal length)—its club

smaller, more ovate, and less abrupt, and its third tarsal articula-

tion less expanded and bilobed; but certainly such slight dis-

crepancies (which are merely in degree, and not in kind) cannot

be regarded, in the present instance, as of more than secondary

importance.

The habits of both of these genera are somewhat peculiar, their

exponents appearing to have a decided partiality for decayed wood

in (what one would conceive to be) its least nutritive or attractive

state; such as old, used-up planks, rotten boards, and portions of

boxes, lying on (and often buried in) the damp earth, and, more-

over, as much removed from the light as possible. In such posi-

tions both of the Mesoxeni were observed (one by Sr. Moniz and

the other by Mr. Bewicke); as also the Pentarthrum cylindricum,

at Ascension; and, to a certain extent, indeed (i. e. amongst cut-

up wood in an out-house, and not in the open country), the P.

Huttoni likewise.

32. Pentarthrum cylindricum, n. sp. (Pl. 19, fig. 5.)

P. angusto-cylindricum, piceo-ferrugineum, subnitidum, gla-

brum; rostro (preesertim in maribus) latiusculo, in utroque

sexu (preecipue ad basin) sat profunde punctato, lineari, sub-

recto, oculis magnis, leviter prominulis, fronte sub-convexa ;

prothorace elongato cylindrico-conico, valde profunde punc-

tato, ad latera oblique recto (quare ad basin ipsam, quam

alibi latiore); elytris sub-rugulosis, striato-punctatis, inter-

Stitlis minutissime seriatim punctulatis; antennis ad basin

the Atlantic Cossonides. 399

pedibusque vix rufescentioribus ; antennis tarsisque brevibus ;

articulis funiculi inter se compactis, secundo reliquis (se-

quentibus) haud longiore, capitulo ovato parvo minus abrupto;

tarsorum articulo antepenultimo minus dilatato, praecedenti-

bus vix latiore et obscure bilobo.

Long. corp. lin. 13.

Habitat in ins. Ascension, a dom. Bewicke mense Aprili a.p.

1860 captum.

The present Pentarthrum differs from the English P. Huttoni,

not only in its smaller size, narrower outline, and more cylindric

body, but likewise in its broader, shorter and more deeply punc-

tured rostrum, more convex forehead and larger eyes, in its rather

more transverse scutellum, its straighter and more cylindrical pro-

thorax—the broadest part of which is at the extreme base (where

it is of the exact breadth of the elytra), and not just before it as in

that species,—and in its rather less rugulose elytra, which have a

somewhat less evident tendency to be separately rounded-off at

their respective apices.

Many specimens of it were detected by Mr. Bewicke, during

April of 1860, ‘in the decayed wood at the bottom of some

boxes,” which he suspects had been used for importing plants into

the island,—probably either ‘ from the Cape of Good Hope or the

Mauritius.” It follows, therefore, that the insect is but a doubtful

native of Ascension, and that its presence there may have been

only accidental. Still, its close affinity with the British species,

and its no distant relationship with the two Mesoxent from Madeira

and Teneriffe, would make it at least unlikely that so remote a

spot as the Mauritius should be its proper country,—a conclusion

‘which its admixture (at Ascension) with a single example of the

minute Cryphalus aspericollis, which also occurs in both the Ma-

deiran and Canarian groups, would not tend to invalidate.

Genus Stenotis. (PI. 19, fig. 8.)

Woll., Ins. Mad. 316, tab. vi. f. 5 (1854).

Concerning the present genus I have nothing to add beyond the

remarks given in the “ Insecta Maderensia.” The excessively

narrowed outline, pallid hue, sub-pubescent and less hardened sur-

face of the extraordinary little weevil for which it was established,—

which, moreover, has its antenne inserted considerably behind the

middle of its (much porrected and slender) rostrum, its antepenul-

timate tarsal joint considerably expanded and bilobed, and its

prothorax and elytra straightly truncated (rather than sinuate) at

400 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on

their respective bases,—will suffice to distinguish it from all the

other Atlantic Cossonides hitherto described. Upon the whole,

however, it has perhaps more in common with the Pentarthra

than with anything else here enumerated, with which in its parallel

body and fully-developed scutellum it agrees; nevertheless, its

7-jointed funiculus and sub-pubescent surface will of themselves

(apart from its many other, and conspicuous, differential characters )

at once separate it from those insects.

83. Stenolis acicula, Woll.

Stenotis acicula, Woll., Ins. Mad. 316, tab. vi. f. 5 (1854).

Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 104 (1857).

Habitat Maderam borealem sylvaticam, rarissima, folia laurorum

destruens,

The S. acicula is excessively rare, and confined, so far as I have

hitherto observed, to the laurel-woods of the densest and most

inaccessible regions in the north of Madeira,—off the foliage of

which I have, on three separate occasions, brushed it (though

very sparingly). I first detected it, on the 23rd of July, 1850, in

the remote sylvan district of the Lombo dos Peceguciros, towards

the eastern edge of the Ribeira de Joao Delgada,—in which same

locality I again captured it, on the 26th of the same month, in

1855; as also, a few weeks later (on the 19th of August), in the

Ribeira do Ponteclaro, a small tributary ravine of the Ribeira de

Sao Jorge.

Genus Mesires. (PI. 19, figs. 7, 9.)

Schénherr, Gen. et Spec, Cure. iv. 1043 (1838).

The genus A/fesites is a very important one in the Madeiran and

Canarian islands, not so much however from the number of its

species as from that of its individuals,—though, at the same time,

it will probably be admitted that seven well-defined exponents are

sufficient for us to consider it largely represented even as regards

the former also, So far as I have hitherto observed, the Atlantic

Mesites are either confined to the laurel-woods of intermediate

and lofty elevations (where they do the work of devastation on a

considerable scale), or else to the rotten Luphorbia-stems of all

altitudes (even down to the level of the sea-shere). In the former

case they are moulded on a large type, all more or less (and some

very closely) related to the M. Tardii* of the south-western por-

* The M, Tardii differs from the whole of these closely allied species (i. e. the

three Canarian and two Madeiran ones), inter alia, in being more convex and

the Atlantic Cossonides. % 401

tion of the British Isles, and to the pallidipennis of the Mediter-

ranean latitudes; the others are smaller, more or less fusiform

(i. e. not so parallel) in outline, and are even still more gregarious

than their allies. In both sections, however, they are eminently

variable, as to stature,—some examples being more than double the

size of others; so that it is necessary to have an extensive series*

in order to determine the specific limits, and to draw out their

several diagnoses correctly.

§ I. Corpus plerisque sat magnum, parallelum ; femoribus omnibus

muticis.

34, Mesites complanatus, n. sp.

MM. atro-piceus (rare piceus), latiusculus, valde depressus, fere

calvus; fronte inter oculos profunde longitudinaliter fo-

‘veolata; prothorace valde profunde et sat crebre punctato,

distincte carinato necnon postice in medio impresso, ad Jatera

rotundato-ampliato; elytris valde profunde crenato-striatis

(striis magnis Jatissimis), interstitiis angustis costatis ; anten-

nis piceis ; pedibus nigro-piceis,

Mas.—Rostro elongato, punctulato, ad antennarum insertionem

paulo rotundato-ampliato.

Foem.—Rostro breviore, graciliore, tereti, polito, rufo-piceo,

mox pone antennarum insertionem (?, e. mox ante basin ipsam)

paulo ampliato.

Long. corp. lin. 3—53.

Habitat regiones editiores sylvaticas ins. Palme, sub cortice

Jaurorum laxo hine inde sat vulgaris.

shining, in its male rostrum being more quadrately expanded at the implantation

of the antenne, and in that of its female sex having its small dilatation a little

further removed from the anterior margin of the eyes, as well as by ils elytral

interstices being less evidently punctulated.

* I may add that, out of 1,035 specimens of the Madeiran and Canarian

Mesites which I have lately examined (and which are exclusive of those which

have formerly passed under my eye), I find them distributed as follows :—which

will serve to show, inter alia, that the sexes are pretty equally abundant :—

Ole

complanalus..cccerecsccsees -GO 4- 69== 135

DETSUMAULSialevalerereliele over ors elals)stelsmtel/ 0 -t-1 Oe

MAAETENSIS cececccccccccsess GO 124—= 204

Euphorbia escevsscsccccceee Id+-+-22== 35

MILOLEMUS ee) eiekojelejoisieleisteleieieisio) iy ote) —— pane

Susiformis .ccccceccceccceese 2144220 494

pubipennis ceresssvecveccosee Of 3= 8

510 +525 =1,035

402 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on

The present large and beautiful MZesttes (which, so far as I have

hitherto observed, appears to be peculiar to the island of Palma),

may be known readily from the following one by its broader out-

line, more depressed, deeply sculptured surface, and darker hue.

Its prothorax is wider, and more rounded at the sides than is the

case in that insect, with its punctures considerably larger and

less dense, and its central keel more evident; whilst its elytral

striee are much deeper, wider, and more coarsely crenated, and

the interstices proportionably narrower and more costate, or

convex. I took it, not uncommonly, beneath the loose outer

bark of the native laurels, in the dense sylvan ravines of Palma,

at rather a high elevation, especially the Barranco da Agua and

the Barranco de Galga,—during my residence in that island, with

the Rev. R. T. Lowe, in May and June of 1858.

35, Mesites persimilis, n. sp.

M, piceus vel rufo-piceus, sub-depressus, fere calvus; fronte

inter oculos profunde longitudinaliter foveolata ; prothorace

sat profunde et creberrime punctato, obscure carinato necnon

postice in medio impresso, ad lJatera minus rotundato-am-

pliato; elytris sat profunde crenato-striatis, interstitiis paulo

convexis ; antennis pedibusque rufescentioribus,

Mas.—Rostro elongato, punctulato, ad antennarum insertionem

paulo rotundato-ampliato.

Foem.—Nostro breviore, graciliore, tereti, polito, rufo-piceo, ad

antennarum insertionem (i.e. mox ante basin ipsam) paulo am-

pliato.

Long. corp. lin. 25—5.

Habitat in locis similibus ac preecedens, sed in ins. Teneriffa

(nec Palma).

The M. persimilis, which abounds in certain spots within the

sylvan regions of Teneriffe, is narrower, less depressed, more

piceous, and (on the average) rather smaller than its Palman re-

presentative; its prothorax, also, is less rounded, or widened at

the sides, more closely and less deeply punctured, and with its

central keel less distinct ; whilst its elytra have their striz very

much narrower and less deeply crenated and their interstices

(proportionably) broader and less convex.

Both the present Aesttes and the last one belong more par-

ticularly to the same type as the M. maderensis and the British

M. Tardii ; and, indeed, the persimilis is very closely allied to the

former,—with which I had at first imagined it to be identical. It

may, however, be at once known from it through its almost

the Atlantic Cossonides. 403

entirely wanting (as in the case also with the AZ. complanatus)

the fine elytral pubescence which is so conspicuous in the Ma-

deiran species; its prothoracic keel, also, is more obscure; and

its elytra are less convex, with their strize much broader, deeper

and more coarsely crenulated. In both of these Canarian species

the eyes are rather smaller, and more oblong than in the JZ.

maderensis.

86. Mesites maderensis, Woll.

Mesites maderensis, Woll., Ins. Mad. 319 (1854).

Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 104 (1857).

Habitat in editioribus Maderz sylvaticze, sub cortice lauro-

rum laxo hince inde valde gregarius.

The M. maderensis may be regarded as representing in Ma-

deira the Teneriffan M. persimilis,—to which, indeed, as already

stated, it is closely allied. Like that species, it occurs beneath the

loose bark of the native laurels, attaining its maximum at a rather

lofty elevation, and never descending below the sylvan districts,

37. Mesites Euphorbia, Woll.

Mesites Euphorbia, Woll., Ins. Mad. 318 (1854).

Id., Cat. Mad. Col. 104 (1857).

Habitat Maderam, truncos Euphorbiarum emortuos, ab ord

maritima usque ad regiones sylvaticas crescentium, destruens.

The present Mesties is the Euphorbia-destroying species of

Madeira,—doing the work of destruction on apparently as large

a scale in that island, as the AZ. fusiformis does at the Canaries.

Up to a comparatively recent period I had observed it only in the

rotten stems of the gigantic Luphorbia mellifera of lofty elevations ;

but on the 23rd December, 1858, I took it in equal profusion from

out of the decayed branches of the L. piscatoria, on the low rocky

slopes towards Canico, to the east of Funchal,—in which locality,

as well as in others, it has subsequently been captured both by

Sr. Moniz and Mr. Bewicke. It is probably, therefore, indepen-

dent of elevation, occurring indiscriminately wherever the Eu-

phorbias are found. It may be at once known from the Canarian

M. fusiformis and pubipennis by, inter alia, its more parallel (or

less fusiform) outline, less shining surface, and very much paler

(or ferruginous) hue, by its prothorax being more uniformly

punctured (and free from the larger additional punctures which

are there so conspicuous on the hinder portion of the dorsal line),

by its elytra having their striz strictly crenated, instead of punc-

404 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on

tate, and the interstices minutely rugulose, by its less foveolated

forehead, and by the antennez of its females arising just percep-

tibly nearer to the extreme base of the rostrum.

38. Mesites proximus, n. sp.

M., ineequaliter badio-piceus, depressus, subopacus, fere calvus,

fronte inter oculos profunde foveolata; prothorace dis-

tinctius alutaceo, in disco parce et minus profunde punctato,

carinato necnon postice in medio impresso et ibidem punctis

maximis notato, ad latera rotundato-ampliato; elytris vix

pubescentioribus, per suturam nigrescentibus, profunde cre-

nato-striatis (striis latis), interstitiis subconvexis ; antennis

pedibusque rufescentioribus, funiculi articulis breviusculis.

_ Mas.—Rostro punctulato, ad antennarum insertionem paulo

rotundato-ampliato.

Fem.—Adhuc latet.

Long. corp. lin. 23—81.

Habitat Teneriffam, ad “Taganana” mense Maio a.p. 1859, a

meipso repertus.

Of this insect I can at present find but two specimens amongst

my Canarian material, though it is very probable that more may

be brought to light when I have had time to overhaul my

numerous boxes more completely. ‘They offer such decided

characters of their own, that, although unwilling to erect ad-

ditional species without a large number of examples for compari-

son, I cannot possibly refer them to any of the Atlantic Mesiles

hitherto detected; though I think they have a greater affinity

with the Madeiran M. Luphorbie than with anything else. They

were taken by myself at Taganana, in the north of Teneriffe,

during May, 1859; but whether in the laurel-woods on the

mountains above the village, or in the Euphorbia-stems towards

the coast, 1 am unfortunately unable to recall, though I am in-

clined to suspect that they were brushed from off the foliage of

Euphorbias in the sylvan region on the ascent to the Cumbre.

In outline the AZ. proximus is a trifle less parallel than the

preceding members of this section, though its elytra have only a

faint tendency to the posterior-attenuation which is so very

evident in the two exponents of the following one; their male-

femora, however, have not any appearance of that obtuse, sub-

dentiform projection, on their under side, which characterizes

the M. fusiformis and pubipennis. It is a little smaller and more

depressed than the persimilis, its colour is more cloudy, or un-

the Atlantic Cossonides. 405

equal (after the fashion of tortoise-shell), its prothorax is more

rounded at the sides, rather coarsely alutaceous, and very much

more finely and remotely punctured (and with comparatively

larger additional punctures in its central basal depression), its

elytra are more evidently (though only very slightly) sub-pube-

scent and with their striz proportionably broader and deeper,

and its funiculus-joints are altogether somewhat shorter and more

compact. From the Madeiran M. Fuphorbie it may be known,

mler alia, by its darker hue, more laterally-rounded prothorax

(which has its hinder central punctures much more coarse), by

its larger frontal fovea, and by its elytral striae being very much

broader, deeper, and more distinctly crenated.

§ IT. Corpus minus, sub-fusiforme (elytris postice sensim acuminatis);

JSemoribus masculis subtus obtuse sub-dentatis.

39. Mesites fusiformis, n. sp. (PI. 19, figs. 7, 9.)

M. nigro-piceus, nitidus, depressus, fere calvus; frente inter

oculos profunde foveolata; prothorace in disco levissime et

parce punctulato, sat obscure carinato necnon postice in

medio impresso et ibidem profunde sub-biseriatim punctato ;

elytris plus minus rufescentioribus, profunde punctato-stri-

atis, Interstitiis planiusculis, minutissime et parce punctulatis ;

antennis pedibusque rufescentioribus,

Mas.—Rostro punctulato, ad antennarum insertionem paulo

rotundato-ampliato ; prothorace versus latera vix profundius den-

siusque (quam in disco) punctato,

I'ceem.—Rostro graciliore, tereti, polito, rufo-piceo, ad anten-

narum insertionem (i. e. mox ante basin ipsam) paulo ampliato ;

prothorace versus latera multo profundius densiusque (quam in

disco) punctato,

. , Pen

Long. corp. lin. 14—5S.

Habitat insulas Canarienses, ramos Euphorbiarum emortuos

ubique destruens.

The present Mesites and the M. pubipennis may be at once

known from those already enumerated by their sub-fusiform out-

line (their elytra being more or less perceptibly attenuated pos-

teriorly), and by their male-femora being obtusely sub-dentate

beneath ; whilst ater se they will be recognised by the AZ. fusi-

Jormis being (like the five preceding species) free from any trace

of the lurid pubescence which is so conspicuous in the Palman

representative. The MW. fusiformis is, likewise, less deeply sculp-

tured than the pubipennis; and its elytral interstices are less

406 Mr. T. Vernon Wollaston on

convex, and more sparingly (and even more minutely) punctulated.

Although confined to the rotten stems of the various Euphorbias

of the Canary Islands, the present insect and the following one

are essentially distinct from the M. Luphorbie of Madeira; for

not only do they differ in the sectional characters already pointed

out, but {in addition to numerous other differential features) their

elytra are much more coarsely striated (the striae, moreover, being

punctate instead of crenate), their surface is more shining and of a

darker hue (the head and prothorax, and sometimes even the

elytra likewise, of the Canarian species being almost or entirely

black); their forehead is more deeply foveolated, their prothorax

is impressed with a few additional larger punctures in the centre

behind, their elytral interstices are less rugulose, and the antennz

of their female sex are implanted rather further from the extreme

base of the rostrum.

The M. fusiformis is most abundant throughout the Canarian

group——Palma being the only one of the seven islands in which,

up to the present date, I have not taken it. Being thus universal,

however, there can be but little doubt that it must exist in Palma

likewise; and the fact of my sojourn there, in May and June of

1858, being somewhat late in the season for the Euphorbia insects,

may perhaps be a sufficient explanation for its having escaped me

in that island. Nevertheless it is certainly remarkable that the

few specimens of the genus Mesites which I happened to secure

whilst at Palma from the dead stems of the Euphorbias should

have .been specifically distinct from those which obtain in

similar positions throughout the remainder of the archipelago.

Nor is this rendered the less curious from the circumstance, that

the large M. persimilis, which infests the laurel-woods of Teneriffe,

should be, also, represented in the sylvan districts of Palma by an

allied but most conspicuous species, the MZ. complanatus! The

M. fusiformis was first captured by myself and Mr, Gray, during

January, 1858, out of the rotten Huphorbia-stalks in the north of

Lanzarote; since which period I have, as just stated, found it in

all the Canarian islands except Palma, It swarms in the various

Euphorbias (though less, perhaps, in the FE. canariensis than in

the others), and occurs throughout the whole Euphorbia regions,

independent of elevation.

40. Mesites pubipennis, n. sp.

M. nigro-piceus, nitidus, depressus, breviter lurido-pubescens ;

fronte inter oculos profunde foveolata; prothorace in disco

leviter et parce punctulato, obscure carinato necnon postice

the Atlantic Cossonides. 407

in medio impresso et ibidem profunde sub-biseriatim punc-

tato; elytris plus minus rufescentioribus, densius pubescen-

tibus, valde profunde punctato-striatis, interstitiis convexis,

minute punctulatis ; antennis pedibusque rufescentioribus.

Mas.—Rostro punctulato, ad antennarum insertionem paulo

rotundato-ampliato ; prothorace versus latera paulo profundius

densiusque (quam in disco) punctato.

I'cm.—Rostro graciliore, tereti, polito, rufo-piceo, ad anten-

narum insertionem (i, €. mox ante basin ipsam) paulo ampliato ;

prothorace (preesertim versus latera) multo profundius densiusque

(quam in disco) punctato,

Long. corp. lin, 13—23.

Habitat ins. Palmam, in ramis emortuis Euphorbie piscatorie-

Maio exeunte A.D. 1858 a meipso captus.

The distinctions between the present species and the last one

have already been pointed out—the pubescent elytra of the

M. pubipennis (which have their interstices more convex and

evidently punctulated, and their strie broader and deeper), in

conjunction with its more closely and roughly punctured pro-

thorax (especially, however, of the female sex), being quite suf-

ficient at once to characterize it.

As just stated, the MM. pubipennis is apparently peculiar to

Palma, where I took eight specimens of it from out of the decayed

stems of the Huphorbia piscatoria, in the Barranco, above Santa

Cruz, at the end of May, 1858. That it is no modification of the

M. fusiformis, which is so abundant and universal throughout the

other islands of the Canarian Archipelago, seems evident from the

fact that that insect remains constant under the various circum-

stances and conditions, and in the innumerable localities, in which

it is elsewhere found—being, to all appearance, quite independent

both of external agencies and altitude. I conclude, therefore,

that the very decided characters of sculpture and clothing which

distinguish the M. pubipennis are truly specific ones, and such as

cannot be referred to local influences of any kind.

408 Mr. John Scott’s Descriptions

AXVI. Descriptions of Five New Species of Coleophora.

By Joun Scorr, Esq.

{Read Aug. 6th, 1860.]

Coleophora Melilotella. (Pl. 17, fig. 1.)

Antennis supra articalum basalem per squamas_ orichalceas

manifesté incrassatis, ceterum fuscis apice albo; alis anticis

orichalceis, nitidis, apice saturate cupreo, cillis violaceis.

Exp. alar. 7—9".

MMale.—Palpi, face, head and thorax bright green bronze. An-

tenna fuscous, with a few of the terminal joints white. The

basal joint perceptibly thickened, This, with the two following, is

covered with bronzy-green scales. Anterior wings extremely

bright and shining green-bronze, the apex broadly coppery, the

Jatter colour extending also for an indefinite length along the

costal edge. Posterior wings and cilia (of both pairs) inclining to

violaceous.

Female.—Palpi, face, head and thorax bronzy-green. Antenne

dark bronze for about two-thirds of their length, the terminal

third white. Basal joint thickened, and this, as well as the two

following, are covered with brilliant violaceous-red bronze scales,

Anterior wings golden bronze, tip broadly of a ruby copper,

which colour also extends for some way along the costal edge.

In some examples the entire outer edge is of this colour. Cilia

violet grey. Posterior wings violaceous, inclining to bronzy-green

at the tips; cilia as in the anterior wings. Abdomen in both sexes

of a bronzy-green, that of the @ partaking of a silvery hue. All

the legs are also clothed with bronzy-green scales.

This insect on first sight bears a great resemblance to F’rischella.

Tt is fully as large as that species and certainly as brilliant, but

the wings are somewhat narrower and the colour has more of a

silvery greenness about it, which will enable any one to separate

it from Frischella, The perfect insect makes its appearance about

the middle of July.

In August last year I met with the larva of this species feeding

on the seeds of Melilotus officinalis, In its young state the larva

hollows out a single seed, which it attaches to the apex of a

second one, upon which it commences its operations, and after

having mined this also, it travels away with the two emptied

of Five New Species of Coleophora. 409

seeds, and attaches the end of one of these to the apex of a third

seed. The case at this time has somewhat the appearance of

three diamond-shaped beads strung together. After a little time,

however, all the irregularities disappear, and the case becomes

nearly cylindrical, slightly narrowed at the mouth, while the apex

is drawn into the shape of an equilateral triangle, generally paler

than the other portion of the case, which is a dirty-brown colour.

Coleophora Artemisiella. (PI. 17, fig. 2.)

Antennis albis fusco-annulatis, articulo basali incrassato; alis

anticis albidis lineis quatuor griseo-ochreis, prima levis

apicem versus distinctior, secunda in apice cum prima, tertia-

que recta In apice cum secunda junctis, quarta lata ex basi

in margine postica extensa et in tertia currente.

Exp. alar. 5”.

Head, face and palpi white; antennz white, annulated with

fuscous, the basal joint thickened, white; anterior wings white,

with four drab-coloured longitudinal streaks, all rising from the

base of the wing. The three upper ones are all united at and for

some distance from the base, the one next the costal edge being

the most slender, and almost obliterated before reaching the

costal angle, when it suddenly becomes of a deeper colour, ex-

tends into the cilia, and at this point it is met, at an acute angle,

by the extremity of the second streak. The middle (or second

streak of the three) seems always inclined to branch off towards

the costal edge, and about the middle of the wing a short streak

is put forth; beyond this it is much broader, and joins, as stated

above, the first streak at an acute angle. The lowest of the three

streaks runs straight out to the dorsal edge, along which it goes

until it joins the second streak abruptly at the anal angle. The

fourth streak is broadest at the base of the wing; it also runs out

to and along the dorsal edge until it joins the third. The white

space between this and the third streak is very distinct. Cilia

grey, with somewhat of a violet tinge. Posterior wings lead-

coloured, faintly inclined to purple. Cilia as in the anterior pair.

Legs white, tarsi of the posterior pair pale fuscous underneath.

Underside of the anterior wings lead-coloured, with a slight shade

of purple. Cilia along the costal edge greyish-white. Posterior

pair lead-coloured, also with a purplish gloss. Cilia greyish.

The insect is very abundant, in the larva state, at Middlesbro’,

and may be found from the end of August to late in September.

The perfect insect is one of those dingy-looking species which

VOL. V. N.S, PART X.—ocT, 1861. EE

410 Mr. John Scott’s Descriptions

might be easily overlooked. It is nearly allied to C. Murinipenneila,

argentula and albicans, but the first streak next the costal edge,

running into the cilia, and the second and broadest streak of the

four, not branching out as in the above species, will at once render

it easy of separation from them.

The larva feeds on Artemisia maritima, in a grey and somewhat

cylindrical case.

Coleophora Ardecepennella. (PI. 17, fig. 3.)

Antennis albis angusté fusco-annulatis, basi alba, penicillo

brevi apice fusco ; alis anticis albis costa ciliisque nigris.

Exp. alar. 5—6”,

Palpi, face, head and thorax pure pearly-white. Antenne

white, narrowly annulated with pale fuscous, the basal joint hav-

ing a short white tuft, the extreme tip of which is pale fuscous.

Anterior wings white, with a few black scales at the costal angle ;

the costal edge from where the cilia rise, as well as the cilia them-

selves, are also black, the remaining cilia fuscous. Posterior

wings dark grey; cilia the same. Legs and tarsi white, the hinder

tarsi annulated with fuscous. Underside of the anterior wings

blackish-fuscous, and without the whitish blotch in the cilia as in

Ibipennella.

‘The larva lives in a short pistol-shaped black case, which

stands almost perpendicular to the leaf. It is somewhat after the

shape of Anatipennella, but is not half its size, and is flatter on

the sides than in that species. It also somewhat resembles the

case of Ibipennella, but the different position of the mouth, as well

_ asthe deeper blackness of this last-named species, readily distinguish

it from Ardeepennella. ‘The larva is full fed at the end of June or

beginning of July, and has hitherto been found only on oaks. The

perfect insect appears towards the end of July, and might easily

be passed by as /bipennella, but the few black scales at the costal

angle, as well as the black cilia and costal edge from which these

rise, readily distinguish it from Jbipennella. It is an abundant

species in the larva state both in Dulwich and Darenth Woods.

Coleophora politella. (Pl. 17, fig. 4.)

Antennis albis, articulo basali brunneo vix incrassato, ceterum

albis fusco-annulatis; alis anticis sub-angustis, apice leeté

recurvo, aureo-brunneis, nitidis; ciliis aureo-brunneis, in

dorso purpurascentibus.

Kyu

Exp. alar. 5—53",

of Five New Species of Coleophora. 411

Palpi, face, head and thorax shining golden brown. Antenne

white, annulated with fuscous; the basal joint, scarcely thickened,

is, with the next, golden-brown. Anterior wings shining golden-

brown, rather narrow and slightly falcate at the tips. Cilia (costal)

shining golden-brown, extending to the anal angle; the remainder

purplish, mixed with golden brown. Posterior wings bronze-

coloured, with greyish-brown cilia. All the legs and underside of

the abdomen of a shining pale golden-brown colour, having a

silvery lustre. Underside of all the wings purplish-fuscous; the

tips of the anterior pair golden-brown. Cilia of the anterior pair

golden-brown at the anal angle and along the costa; the remainder,

as well as those of the posterior pair, purplish-brown.

This insect is allied to and very much resembles C. fuscedinella,

but the wings are much narrower than in that species, and are

besides falcate at the tips. These characters will enable any one

to separate it from fuscedinella.

The larva lives in a singularly stumpy case, reminding one of a

miniatare Viminetella, but it is rather stouter and only about one-

half its length. The specimens from which my description has

been made were bred from cases found by Mr. Eedles on nut-trees.

The perfect insect appears in July.

Coleophora Wilkinsoni.

Antennis distincté fusco et albido annulatis, apice albo arti-

culo basali incrassato, nitidulo; alis anticis fusco-murinis, ni-

tidis.

Exp. alar. 5—7”.

Head and face mouse-coloured grey, metallic. Palpi white.

Antenne distinctly annulated with fuscous and white to beyond

the middle, the remaining portion white ; basal joint of the antennz

thickened, mouse-coloured grey. Anterior wings mouse-coloured

grey, shining. Posterior wings the same. Cilia of all the wings

virealeroeene Hinder legs silvery white.

This insect belongs to the/.ccifolia group of the genus, in whi cl

the perfect insects assum¢ more or less 2 lead-coledved appear=

ance, so that when they/are eaptured, and not bred, so great is

their similarity to each other that the most experienced eye has a

difficulty in distinguishing them. The insect which I have de-

scribed as Coleophora Wilkinsoni is nearly allied to siccifolia, but

may be distinguished from that species by the annulations on the

antennz being only continued for about half their length, whereas

in siccifolia the annulation is carried throughout. Again, in sicci-

EE2

412 Mr. John Scott on New Species of Coleophora.

folia two or three of the basal joints seem to diminish in thickness

until they arrive at a uniformity. In Wilkinsont the basal joint

alone is thickened, all the others being of an uniform thickness.

Nor do the antennz appear to be so long in the present species

as are those of siccifolia. The hinder legs have a silvery-white

appearance, and when the light falls upon the tarsi in certain di-

rections they appear annulated.

The larva mines the birch-leaves in August and September.

The case appears to be made of a portion of the leaf of the food

plant, and is of a dark brown colour, growing deeper, through

various atmospheric causes, after the larva has retired to complete

its transformation. ‘The case somewhat resembles those of Vi-

minetella and politella, but it is longer than the latter and not so

long as the former, neither is it bicolored as in these two species.

A great character in the formation of the case of Wilkinsoni is a

rounded projection towards the middle, on its underside, of a

greater or lesser size, the lower edge of which is parallel with the

mouth of the case, and rests upon the leaf both while the larva is

feeding and in a state of repose. ‘This insect cannot be con-

founded with the birch-feeding species for which the name of

betulifolia (Ent. Annual, 1858, p. 115) was proposed, because in

the Ent. Annual, 1857, p. 134, this species is described with a case

similar to siccifolia.

I have named the insect after Mr. Thomas Wilkinson, of Scar-

borough, who has bred it now for four years, and who was the

first to call my attention to its peculiarities.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON,

1858—1859.

February 11, 1858,

F. Smirn, Esq., in the Chair.

The Secretary read a letter from the President of the Society, Dr. J. E. Gray

(who was unavoidably absent), in which he nominated as Vice-Presidents for the year

W. W. Saunders, Esq., J. O. Westwood, Esq., and F. Smith, Esq.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

donors :—‘ Transactions of the Linnean Society, Vol. xxii., Part 2; presented by the

Society. ‘ Mémoires d’Eutomologie publiés par la Societé Entomologique des Pays-

Bas,’ Livraisons 1,2 & 3; by the Society. ‘ Exotic Butterflies, Part 25; by W. W.

Saunders, Esq. ‘Genera des Coléoptéres,’ Tome iv.; by the Author, Prof. Lacor-

daire. ‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society, Vol. ix., No. 28; by the Society. ‘The

Literary Gazette’ for January; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’

for January; by the Editor. ‘ Biographical Notice of the late Professor Carlo Pas-

serini.” ‘The Zoologist’ for February ; by the Editor. ‘ Description de Longicornes

Nouveaux du vieux Calabar, par M. A. Chevrolat; by the Author, ‘ Linnea Ento-

mologica,’ Zwolfte Baud ; by the Entomological Society of Stettin.

Election of a Member.

R. B. Were, Esq., 35, Osborne Terrace, Clapham Road (formerly a Subscriber to

the Society), was balloted for and elected a Member.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Stevens exhibited some Lepidoptera and Coleoptera sent from Port Natal by

M. Gueinzius: amongst the former were specimens of Charaxes Zoolina, Salamis

Cloantha, and some beautiful species of Bombycide ; also an Adela closely resembling

the A. Degeerella of Europe: the Coleoptera included Hypselogenia geotrupina,

Stérnetornus Bohemanni, Eunostus Gueinzii, and eight species of Paussus.

Mr. Stevens observed that Eunostus Gueinzii was stated by M. Gueinzius to be

nocturnal in its habits, and this appeared to be generally the case with pale-coloured

insects: the pale Megacephala taken by Mr. Bates on the Amazon was said by him

to be a strictly nocturnal species.

Mr. Smith observed, in corroboration of this theory, that the pale-coloured Vespa

Doryloides, Sauss., lately sent home by Mr. Wallace from Borneo, was said to be

found at night only, which was the more interesting as no other species of wasp was

yet known to be nocturnal.

The following notes, which accompanied the collection exhibited by Mr. Stevens,

were communicated by M. Gueinzius :—

On the Habits of Pausside, &c.

“‘ Except the specimens of Pausside which have been atiracted by candle-light, I

have never found a specimen elsewhere than in ants’ nests, except one, and that anew

species, in this collection, which I found in the hot sunshine, sitting upon a blade of

grass, no doubt quite accidentally. They all live with species of ants which are car-

nivorous: Cerapterus, Pleuropterus and Pentaplatarthrus with different larger species,

but the true Paussi seem to live only with our small species; at least I have found P.

cucullatus, P. Dohrnii, P. Latreillii, P. Shuckardii, and three other species in the

collection, all with one and the same species.

“ One night last summer I heard a slight tap on a window-pane, as from a grain

of gravel: upon going out with the candle I found it was a Paussus (similar to

Dohrnii), of which I had not seen a specimen for some years: not half an hour after-

wards I heard the same sound on the same window, and found a second specimen.

Although I did not observe the sex, there is little doubt that the first specimen was a

female, and the second a male. In a number of instances I have observed that the

females of Coleoptera move some time before the males. I observed one morning a

female Eudicella Smithii settle on a branch of a shrub before my door; not half an

hour after I had removed it a male had settled on the very same spot. An enormous

female Sternotornis niveisparsa (attracted by the candle) will strike the window so as

nearly to break the pane, when some time after the smaller-sized male will arrive at

the same window. In the same way, and under the same circumstances, I have ob-

tained two rare species of smaller Scarites, always in pairs; and so it appears that

these beetles are able to trace the flight of the opposite sex through the air, a good

while alter it has passed. Paussi appear in the mouth of November, and last during

the whole season until April: their caustic juice is squirted out of the sides of the

abdomen; part of it evaporates immediately as a blue smoke, distinctly visible by sun-

light; the remainder covers both sides of the elytra, and remains as a whitish or pale

yellow unctuous matter. I have repeatedly found P. Latreillii in the act of copulation

in ants’ nests. The specimens are nearly always found in the part of the nest where

the eggs and pupe are deposited; and although I have never yet observed a Paussus

in the act of feeding, yet, from the great and mysterious attachment which the ants

show them, I am inclined to believe that they feed upon the spoil which the ants con-

vey into the nests, rather than upon their eggs or pupe: I believe, likewise, that the

eges of the Paussi are there deposited and bred, and it is not impossible that their

larvee ave fed by the ants as their own offspring. The sunny sides of the margins of

forests are the places where Paussi are generally met with; a piece of old dry wood is

seldom found without an ants’ nest beneath it (stones get too hot in the sun): when

the weather is very dry they remain below ground, but when moist they ascend and

carry their eggs and pupe to the surface under the wood: when this shelter is care-

fully lifted up on one side, I have often observed a Paussus (P. Dobrnii, cucullatus or

Latreillii), surrounded and covered with ants, apparently sucking nourishment out of

him, and fondling him all the time with their antenna, as they do the Aphides and

larve of Centroti, and other lamellicorn Coleoptera found with ants.

“When the alarm is given in a nest, and all is hurry and bustle to save eggs and

pup, two or three ants will seize the sluggish Paussus by the antenne, and he is

quickly hurried below with the rest. I can discern no difference in the odour emitted

by P. cucullatus and P. Laveillii, when exploding, and that which is perceived on

opening an ants’ nest on a hot day.”

Captain Cox exhibited some diagrams illustrating the economy of Scolytus

destructor, and read the following communication, pursuant to notice given at the

last Meeting :—

On the Ravages of Scolytus destructor.

“Ten years have nearly elapsed since the Royal Botanic Society of London

awarded me their medal, and had my Paper (read before the Society in 1848) published

for distribution among the Fellows and Members. Mr. R. Marnock (the Curator)

then stated ‘that the results of the operations recommended in that Paper had been

most satisfactory, and had proved highly beneficial to the trees.’ As I feel certain

that I shall nearly stand alone in the views I have taken of the habits of the Scolytus

destructor, it is most essential that I should avail myself of the powerful testimony of

the award made by the Royal Botanic Society of London, and of the report of the

Curator, to assist me in bringing conclusive evidence before you that we are now per-

fectly acquainted with the true habits of the Scolytus destructor, and the means of

arresting its future progress; it is most peculiarly fitting now that Science should step

in and prove that over one pest at least we have power, and if not made use of the fault

lies entirely with the public.

“ Among the various pests that are constantly claiming attention by their

obnoxious powers, the Scolytus destructor holds no mean rank: the elm is one

~of the most useful trees we have in this country; it suits our climate, is extremely

ornamental and flourishes where others would not thrive so well, its timber is made

use of in various ways, and therefore its preservation is alike advantageous to our

ornamental parks and woodland scenery. Previous to 1840 the Scolytus destructor

was known, but its habits not perfectly understood: it was during the formation of the

Royal Botanic Gardens that my attention was first directed to the sickly state of the

elms forming the belt of the inner circle of the Regent’s Park ; the axe was constantly

being applied, and large and increasing gaps pointed to where the trees had stood

and where destruction was going on: on enquiring of the parties laying out the

grounds as to the cause of the premature decay of these fine young trees, I was

informed that ‘some had perished by having an inner embankment formed to prevent

“parties outside the garden from looking over, and consequently a portion of earth had

been raised round their stems, and that others had died, and were dying from their

roots entering the gravel.” Now, if this latter information were true, I could not

understand why the circle of trees, separated by only a few yards from them, and

forming the next circle, were healthy, all being of the same age. In all cases where

the destruction was going on I found the Scolytus in great profusion: on mentioning

this circumstance to the Curator, the old stereotyped answer came in due form, ‘ that

this beetle always attacked sickly and deceased elms, and were since to be found in all

places where this timber had fallen or had been conveyed, either decaying along the

road-side or drawn into the timber-yard.’ Now, in the first place, I was not satisfied

in my own mind that the trees were perishing from the assigned causes; the coinci-

dence was too remarkable not to be noticed, and I felt sure that there was something

more than the embanking and gravel to account for the rapid death of so many young

trees in different parts of the belt, more especially as my attention had been called, in

1842, to the state of the trees in St. James’ Park; with a very little reflection I felt

convinced that insects had something at least to do with the matter, and that among

them, if the Scolytus destructor were not the first and absolute cause, their presence

acted most injuriously by still more disabling the already impeded circulation of the

sap: being fully impressed, after further close and most attentive examination into

the subject, of their powerful influence, I made it my business to study their habits,

and soon became so far master of them that I was induced, in 1843, to read a paper

upon the subject before the Royal Botanic Society, aud detailed a mode of treatment

I felt almost certain would succeed: as the trees in the park belong to Her Majesty’s

Woods and Forests, the Council of the Society applied for permission to allow me to

experiment upon some, and a row of eighteen, fairly selected, were placed at my

disposal.

“ The following eighteen trees were granted by the Commissioners of Woods and

Forests in 1843 :—

No. Scolytus. Cossus. Condition —1843. Condition—1847. Condition—1849,

1 of 0 Slightly. Nearly recovered. Recovered.

2 3 a Most severely, dying. Dead. Dead, removed.

3 a6 FA Most severely. Nearly recovered. Recovered.

4 0 53 Slightly. Recovered. Do.

5 s Do. Do. Do.

6 % 0 Do. Do. Do.

vf 3 5 Severely. Do. Do.

8 ee ‘ Slightly. Do. Do.

9 - - Most severely. Nearly recovered. Do.

10 0 3 ‘Slightly. Recovered. Do.

Ll <3 e Very severely. Do. Do.

12 0 5 Slightly. Do. Do.

13 cS 5 Very severely. Do. Do.

14 0 55 Slightly. Do. Do.

15 +5 zs Most severely. Nearly recovered. Do,

16 0 Pa Do. Do. Do.

17 a uN Slightly. Do. Do.

18 0 55 Most severely Do. Do.

* The presence of either Scolytus destructor or Cossus larve is indicated by ,,

according to the heading of the column in which they appear.

“From this table the condition of the trees will be seen previous to being sub-

mitted to my plan. Now, before we procéed to speak of treatment, there are two very

important stages to be settled: first, is the tree diseased before it is attacked by the

Scolytus? and, in the second place, does the attack of the Scolytus prove injurious to

the tree?

“ As regards the condition of the tree, I think we had in the Garden of the Royal

Botanic Society a sufficient number of sickly ones to enable us to come to a very fair

conclusion. The number first planted was 242; in 1843, 67 had a healthy appear-

ance; 66 were attacked by the Scolytus, LO by the larve of Cossus Ligniperda ;

99 had sickened or died, and had been cut down, 62 of which sprouted again, and 37

quite perished. With respect to the condition of the healthy ones, the embankment

equally adjoined them in places; but of the 18 that were allotted to me no embank-

ment existed ; therefore this could not have been the cause of Nos. 2, 3, 7, 9, 11, 13,

15, 16 and 18 having such a sickly appearance; and if it arose from their roots pene-

tating a gravelly soil, the mere fact of partially barking could by no possibility restore

them to health and vigour. I think we may fairly say that this is a self-evident pro-

position. And, again, what is the appearance of a tree languishing from defective

soil? We see it first in the leaf, which is small and unhealthy in colour; the termi-

nal branches next gradually decay, piece.after piece breaking away, until the longer

branches present what is generally called a ‘stag-horned appearance,’ and the tree

finally perishes; but this is not brought about in a day or a week, being usually the

affair of some few years, for as long as nutriment can be obtained the crippled tree

exists in its withering and fading condition. But when we find a tree dead, with ter-

minal branches profuse and perfect, we certainly, under ordinary circumstances,

should not say that tree had died from defective nutrition in the svil, but that, from

some cause -or another, it had suddenly, as it were, come to an untimely end; and

such a tree we had in the Gardens; I watched it in its beauty, and in three years saw

it cut down and carried away dead; but what a sight met cur view on removing the

bark !—the surface of the trunk, as many gentlemen will remember (for I exhibited a

piece of it, 3 feet long, before this Society), was beautifully scored by the lateral tubes

of the Scolytus larve ; and we reckoned that this solitary tree gave birth to no less

than the prodigious number of 280,000 perfect insects! Well may we be transfixed

with astonishment; but the greater wonder is that an elm should still be found to

grace our ornamental parks. I may now fairly presume to state that the 18 sickly

trees were not in the least suffering from defective nourishment at the roots, nor had

their stems been embanked in soil; and yet many of them were evidently dying; but

one thing was very apparent, namely, that in proportion to the sickly condition of the

tree so we found the increase of Scolyti. And this leads us to the second question, —

Does the attack of the Scolytus prove injurious to the tree ?

“ The Scolytus destructor is known to many present; it is a small dark beetle, be-

longing to the family Bostricide of Leach. When the first warmth of spring sets in

the perfect insect escapes from beneath the bark, by eating its way out; the female

soon after selects a tree for the purpose of depositing her ova; she commences her per-

foration always beneath a little projecting piece of bark at the upper end of a crack ;

she bores inwards and upwards until on the surface of the alburnum, when she ascends

direct; the tube thus formed is from 2 to 3} inches in length, 3ths of a line in diame-

ter, aud of equal size throughout, except at a short distance from its entrance, where

a small cavity is usually found sufliciently large to allow the parent insect to turn ; on

each side, in small crenules, she deposits her eggs as she advances, and closes the

aperture with some plastic material; the number of eggs is in proportion to the length

of tube (and this is very much influenced by the condition of the under surface of

the bark, for if the Scolyti abound the parent ceases boring, so as not to perforate the

workings of another when she approaches it) ; only a small septum divides each; there

are generally from 60 to 70. On bursting their shells the young larve immediately

commence feeding on the last deposit of alburnum; they at first form parallel trans-

verse lines or tubes, which are seen to gradually enlarge and diverge, and are filled

with exuvie as the larve progress onwards; their increasing size now oblige those

larve first hatched to bore downwards, the centre ones outwards, and the jast upwards ;

here they continue to feed during the summer, autumn and winter (if mild): when

full-grown they form a case, in which they change to the pupa state; and then, at the

end of May or beginning of June, they eat their way out through the substance of the

bark, and leave those shot-like holes showing their plan of exit: they now fly about

fur a short time, and then the females commence the process for perpetuating their

species, by laying their eggs. I believe after they have once commenced boring and

depositing their ova they never take wing again: as soon as the female has deposited

all her eggs, with her head pointing inwards, she dies at the entrance of her tube,

thus, as it were, even in death performing a maternal duty, by closing the aperture to

her young ones with ber dead body. It is very rare to find a parent tube without the

insect, Although no doubt they occasionally become a prey to various smaller insects.

It is the frass the female ejects from the tube that leads to the detection of the pre-

sence of the brood, for were it not for this fortunate circumstance we should never be

apprised of the destruction going on within the tree until the ee of the mature

insect, in spring, shows the exit-holes.

“ J will not trespass more now into detail, but simply state ‘that each family will

destroy nearly four square inches of bark. Granting, therefore, even the possibility of

the Scolyti being attracted by the sickening state of a tree, here we find one parent

insect has the power of destroying a large portion of bark, and consequently must

rapidly hasten the final decay. No doubt where the insect abounds it will perforate

the bark of fresh-hewed timber; but I have never found one specimen in an elm

whose juices were dried up. Therefore, irrespective of the cause of disease, it must

be unanimously granted that an insect which can destroy four square inches of bark

by detaching it from the alburnum must prove highly destructive, and, whilst permit-

ted to remain, frustrate any attempt to restore health. If, in the absence of any

trne and logical cause, we have found elm trees sickening and dying, and their bark

bearing the unequivocal signs of the Scolyti, and simply by a process of partial bark-

ing and removing the Scolyti larve, we arrest the decay of those not too far advanced,

and in a comparatively short period restore them to health and beauty, we have every

rational right to infer that the Scolyti, and the Scolyti alone, were the aggressors in

the first instance, and destroyers in the second; and still more, that when we find the

whole of the diseased trees in the Royal Botanic Gardens perfectly recovered in

1849, and now (1858) bearing all the impress of vigour, so that in many the fearful

sears once made are now hidden from sight, and buried by the overlapping of suc-

ceeding yearly deposits, I think this Society will ask no further proofs at my hands of

the sound and practical results that have followed the simple and easy process of par-

tial barking; that the lapse of so many years establishes beyond a doubt its great

utility ; and that, in the absence of any other advanced system for arresting the spread

of the Scolyti in particular, this plan ought to be strongly advocated ere another year

sends forth its thousands to still more diminish the number of these noble and beauti-

ful ornaments to our parks and pleasure-grounds.

“The plan I adopt for destroying the insect is very simple: as the frass always

indicates the aperture to the tube,-and as this always ascends directly upwards, so by

paring off the old exuvial bark we lay bare the tube and completely destroy the young

brood. I strongly advocate clearing off all the oid bark of elms where the Scolyti

abound: in the first place, the trees actually seem to improve by the process; in the

next place, the Scolyti cannot find the shelter of the overhanging bark, and therefore

are more liable to become the prey of birds; and finally, you detect at once the

presence of any fresh attack. I believe the process adopted in France, of taking the

whole bark off down to the alburnum, is fraught with great risk; it did not succeed in

a tree that I saw, nor can I conceive a more unnatural operation. I merely cut the

insect out, the tree is scarcely injured by the process, and a few years obliterates all

trace of the operation. The instrument I prefer is a simple draw-shave, known to

coopers and carpenters; it is very easily used, and answers the purpose admirably: in

using it all we have to do is to cut down to the parent tube, and then lay bare the

lateral tubes to their end, taking care that no larve remain; the healthy alburnum is

therefore not injured, ‘ causa sublata eger verelescit.’ ”

Mr. 8. 8. Saunders read a paper intituled “ Observations on the Habits of the

Dipterous Genus Conops,” and exhibited the larva, pupa and imago of a species of

that genus, which he had reared from Pompilus audax.

Mr. Westwood read the description of a new genus of Carabideous insects, be-

longing to the Scaritides, having the outward appearance of the Heteromerous genus

Adelostoma (differing from all the known Searitides in the opaque surface of the

body), and remarkable for the two deep oblique canals on the under side of the head,

united behind in front of the very small neck, and within which thé antenne are

lodged when at rest. The genus is founded ona single species recently sent from

the River Amazon by Mr. Bates, to which Mr. Westwood applied the name of

Solenogenys fada.

Part VI. of the current volume of the Society’s ‘Transactions’ was on the

table.

March 1, 1858.

Dr. Gray, President, in the Chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

donors :—* The Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England, Vol. xviii.

Part 2; presented by the Society. ‘Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean

Society,’ Vol. ii. No.7; by the Society. ‘The Natural History Review, Vol. v.

No. 1; by the Dublin University Zoological Association. ‘ List of the Specimens of

Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum,’ Part xiii. Noctuide ;

by the Author, Francis Walker, Esq., F.L.S. ‘The Zoologist’ for March; by the

Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for February; by the Editor. ‘The

Literary Gazette’ for February ; by the Editor. ‘The Atheneum’ for January; by

the Editor, ‘The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer, Nos. 67 tv 74; by H.T.

Stainton, Esq.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Smith exhibited a box of insects sent him by Mr. Foxcroft, by whom they

were captured in the Free Town Garden and suburbs of Sierra Leone, in December

last. The Lepidoptera included Papilio Hippocoon and P. Pylades, a fine Charaxes,

apparently the female of C. Brutus, and both sexes of Euchromia instructa. Amongst

the Coleoptera were Tetralobus flabellicornis, Stermotomis mirabilis and S. regalis,

Prosopocera bipunctata aud Dirphya, n. s.

Mr. Smith also exhibited a Coleopterous insect allied to the genus Myrmedonia,

which he had found amongst a number of specimens of the driver ant (Anomma Bur-

meisteri), sent from Sierra Leone with the before-mentioned collection.

Mr. Stevens exhibited some beautiful Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, taken by

Mr. Wallace in Ke and Aru Islands, near New Guinea, of which the most remarkable

were the sexes of a variety of Ornithoptera Priamus, and the pupa-case from

which a female specimen had been bred, Papilio Enchenor, P. Ormenus, P.

Ambrax, Hestia D’Urvillii, some fine species of Drusilla and beautiful Erycinide,

mostly hitherto unknown, Cocytia D’Urvillii, and some singular Geometre, &c. The

Coleoptera included three handsome species of Eupholus, a gigantic new Mecocerus,

several brilliant Buprestide, some fine and new Lomoptere, numerous species of the

Papuan genus Tmesisternus, and a nuble Batocera, very distinct from all the known

species of the genus.

Mr. Smith exhibited some Hymenoptera captured by Mr. Wallace in the Aru

Islands; amongst the more remarkable were a species of Zuthus, entirely of a tine

brassy green colour, a new and beautiful species of Tremex, several very beautiful

Powmpili, and numerous Formicide ; amongst tle latter the finest species of Myrmica

perhaps hitherto discovered; three species of Odontomachus, and sume entirely new

forms of the genus Polyrhachis.

Mr. Westwood observed that it was extremely interesting to see the fine Papilios,

&e., which had been found seventy years ago by the Dutch in the Islands of the

Indian Archipelago, and since almost forgotten, were now being re-discovered and

sent to this country in such adimirable preservation: the best thanks of entomologists

were due to Mr. Wallace and those who, like him, hazarded their lives in unhealthy

tropical climates to collect objects of Natural History, and he trusted they would

receive the pecuniary reward they so well merited.

Mr. Westwood exhibited a Tortrix of the genus Carpocapsa, allied to C. splen-

dana of Europe, which had been bred by Mrs. Wood, of St. Leonards, from one of the

“jumping seeds” sent from Mexico by Mr. Lettsom, and exhibited at the Meeting of

the Society in October last: he observed that, according to a long statement on the

subject which had appeared in the ‘Journal des Debats, some of these seeds had

lately been received at the Jardin des Plantes in Paris, where the larva had been pro-

nounced to be Coleopterous ; but the specimen exhibited proved the correctness of the

opinion entertained by entomologists in this country, that they belonged to a Lepi-

dopterous insect. The question as to the mode in which the inclosed larve are able

to execute the jerking movements exhibited by the seeds remained still an interesting

question, for, supposing they were caused by the caterpillar adupting a process similar

to that employed by the cheese-hopper, it must be regarded as a solitary instance of

such action amongst lepidopterous larve.

A a toe

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Mr. Westwood also exhibited the larva of Drilus flavescens, which had been sought

for in vain in snail-shells during the excursions of the Society at Reigate, where the

males were not uncommon. He had received the larva from a correspondent who had

found it in a snail-shell, and it agreed with the figures which had been published in

France, where its transformations had attracted considerable attention some years ago,

and where the female had been described as a distinct genus, under the name of

Cochlevetonus.

Dr. Gray observed that this larva was known to Petiver one hundred years ago.

Mr. 8. S. Saunders exhibited two specimens of Leptoderus Hohewartii (Stagobius

troglodytes, Schiodte, Trans. Ent. Soc., N.s., v. 1, pl. 9, figs. 1, 1 a), one of the blind

beetles from the Proteus Cave at Adelsberg, in South Austria. The species, which

pertains to the Silphadz (although the extraordinary elongation of the antenne and

legs give it an appearance quite dissimilar to that of any other genus in the family),

was found by Mr. Saunders on a large Stalactite in the deepest part of the cave.

Mr, Smith exhibited some Hymenoptera and their nests, sent from Port Natal by

M. Gueinzius, and read the following note communicated by him :—

On the Habits of the Hymenoptera of Natal.

“A species of Stilbum lays its eggs on the collected caterpillars stored up by

Eumenes tinctor, which constructs a nest of mud and attaches it to reeds, &c., not

in single cells, but a large mass, in which cells are excavated, similar to the nest of

Chalicodoma micraria. How does the fly, with such an apparently weak instrument,

penetrate such a structure? First, it uses it as a gimlet, and when its point has a

little penetrated, then as a saw or rasp: it likewise feels with its ovipositor, aud, finding

an unfinished or an empty cell, it withdraws it immediately, without laying an egg.

A great number of insects breed annually in my house, for which purpose I have

always a door or window open to give them free ingress and egress. I once observed

a wasp (Synagris calida), flying about my door; I attempted to catch it, when it flew

off, but I observed that it returned again and again; at length I noticed some fresh

clay stuck on the door, indicating an intention of building: I was anxious to observe

its movements and to reconcile it to my standing the door quite back, inwards; this I

effected by partly closing it and then watching the return of the insect with its clay ;

when it was settled, and was eagerly engaged, I moved the door slowly and carefully,

and thus by degrees, in the course of two days, I had the satisfaction to see the

Synagris during its building operations: it soon became accustomed to the closest ob-

servation, and took no notice of me. One day the Synagris, having finished a cell,

and not having time to commence a new one, had to perch on the exposed nest

during the night; the light of my candle, however, attracted it, and it flew into the

room, and took shelter behind a window-curtain until the morning. This insect

collects the larve of Catocala and other Noctuide which secrete themselves in the

fissures of tree-bark, between seed-vessels or contracted leaves. JI once observed this

Synagris sitting on the leaves of a fine Zinnia elegans; it wandered about as a pointer

dog would do, inserting its long maxille here and there, and getting more and more

excited every moment; at length it began to buzz Joudly, and struggling it drew forth

at last a hidden caterpillar from the middle of one of the flowers of the Zinnia. No

tiger could have been more furious over its prey: with what fury it ran its sting into

the abdomen of its helpless victim again and again, and with what a buzz of savage

glee it dragged it about frum leaf to leaf! at length, striding over it, the caterpillar

lay motionless, but the suckers of its feet stuck fast, the wasp then had to stop to

loosen them; this it did very cleverly by curving its abdomen like a hook under the

belly of the caterpillar, using its point like a lever; the stoppages occurred so

frequently that the wasp got tired of them, so, turning the caterpillar on its back, all

further obstruction was avoided.

“Large spiders and caterpillars become immediately motionless on being stung,

and I cannot help thinking that the poisonous acid of Hymenoptera has an antiseptic

and preserving property; for caterpillars and locusts retain their colours weeks after

being stung, and this, too, in a moist situation under a burning sun.

*“ Anthidium cordatum. This insect forms its cells of vegetable down, glued toge-

ther with a balsam or resin, which it procures from a flower which exudes a brown

balsam ; with this it glues the hair together. I have frequently seen the Anthidium

in the middle of the flowers, and have no doubt this is the plant which supplies the

materials for its nest. I think the plant belongs to the Euphorbiacew; it is described

by Thunberg in ‘ Flora Capensis.’

“ Pelopeus chalybeus. A number of this insect annually make their nests under

my verandah; these they construct in the hollow tubes of the bamboo. Having

stored up a number of spiders, they resort to the forest, where I have seen them scrape

the white birds’ dung off the leaves of plants; this they moisten with saliva into a

pulp, shape it into a lump, and carry it off. With this material they construct the

divisions between the cells.

“ Anthophora ? This bee infests the walls of my house inside and out;

there is not a single hollow or hole that is not tenanted by one of these industrious,

tame and stingless little bees. The hotter the weather becomes the harder they work.

They appear twice in the season, November and February. When prevented from

going abroad they are not idle, but busy themselves in enlarging and cleaning out

their nests; this I have frequently heard them doing in the middle of the night. This

bee has a parasite; it is a Crocisa; it inserts its antenne into the cells to ascertain if

there is a store of pollen collected; if it finds the owner at home it tries to squeeze

past it; if the passage is too narrow it lays hold of the poor bee, and pulls him out of

his own door; the bee, without taking any notice of the intruder, flies away after its

own business. This Crocisa has the same habit as many other species of Apide,

namely, that when at rest it does not sit down, but lays hold with its mandibles of the

outermost points of a twig or shrub, keeping its body out in a horizontal position. A

number of species, probably all males, may be found every evening, occupying similar

situations, attached to twigs, blades of grass, &c. It is a strange sight to see a grass

or shrub bearing a number of gray, brown or black hairy bees in the place of seeds or

flowers.

“The large (Sphex) Pompilus preys upon a very large hairy spider, which lives

in thatched roofs, under verandahs, &c. I have seen this spider fly in the greatest

terror from the Sphex, who, however, soon overtook him; the spider kept his enemy

at a distance with his long legs fur some time, until, exhausted at last, it drew its legs

close to its body and remained motionless ; the Sphex, like a tiger, was soon upon him,

and, thrusting his sting into his thorax, soon rendered him motionless; the Sphex

then, walking backwards, dragged his victim out of doors.

“T have noticed two large species of Xylocopa; the first black, with a ferrugi-

nous thorax, the male of which closely resembles the female; the second black, with

long white hairs on the margin of the abdomen; both excavate dead branches, posts,

&e. The male of the latter species I have reason to believe is a large yellow one.

Two years ago I broke a hollow fence post, in which I found a species of Xylocopa ;

the females were black, the males of a pale fulvous colour. This species was of

a smaller size.”

‘Mr. S. Stevens exhibited an entomological store-box lined with Croggon’s patent

felt, instead of cork, for which, he observed, it appeared to be a tolerably good and

very cheap substitute.

Mr. Stevens announced that Mr. Shield proposed to visit Bahia or Paraguay, in

search of insects and other objects of Natural History, and was anxious to obtain sub-

scribers to enable him to do so.

Mr. Stainton read the following

Note on a curious little Geometra taken in London by Mr. Hunter.

“Some years ago Mr. Hunter met with a little species of Geometra, apparently of

the genus Acidalia, in his garden in Bloomsbury Street. The specimen was unfortu-

nately much injured on one side, and the other side was not so brightly marked as

could have been wished ; yet enough was left to show that it belonged to none of our

existing species.

“In 1855 I examined this specimen, and referred it to the circuitaria of Hubner,

remarking at the time, ‘No good figure of this exists, from which it may be assumed

that I did not find a complete agreement between the insect and Hibner’s figure.

The reason of this is now obvious: Hwbner's figure of circuitaria is cited by Guenée

as an excellent figure ; hence it cannot be intended for Mr. Hunter's insect.

“* Mr. Huntev’s insect thus loses the name by which it has passed current for two

years, and what is to become of it? We all remember how we were startled by the

announcement of Eriopus Latreillii having been bred at 24, Bloomsbury Street, and

when I again looked at the little Acidalia I was haunted by lurking suspicions that,

perhaps, what I had before me was only another case of accidental importation.

“ Having been lately working at the genus Acidalia, I had the markings of each

species fresh in my recollection, and I became very strongly convinced that this speci-

men must be placed near bisetata and trigeminata, in spite of the great difference in

the ground colour.

“ Referring again to Guenée’s volume, I found, almost immediately following

trigeminata, a species which not only answers our purpose of giving a name to Mr.

Hunter's late circuitaria, but also affords us an explanation of the peculiar habitat of

London for a new British Geometra.

“ The insect in question is Acidalia herbariata and Fischer’s figure of pusillaria is

referred to as the best representation of the insect. The first glance at Fischer's figure

was anything but reassuring: instead of the powdery-looking insect I had before me

I saw a bright neat insect, with a well-defined dark central band. Not content with

the figure, I referred to the description, which I found far more satisfactory.

“ The ground colour of all the wings is pale loam-colour, mixed with black scales,

which form fascie and strige, whence the markings appear blackish gray. The space

between the base and the middle fascia is dull; the fascia is in many specimens ‘ very

dark’; it seems to have been one of these that Fischer has figured ‘ broadest at an

externally protruding point in which is a black dot, narrowest below the middle,

being rather broader again on the inner margin.’ In the broader parts the pale ground

colour appears through as spots. Beyond the fascia and parallel to it is a line, often

very dark, behind which the space to the fringes is clouded with dark and bisected

into two equal parts by a wavy line of the pale ground colour; the inner portion of

these dark parts has below the middle two contiguous short streaks or spots pointing

towards the cilia,—a character which no specimen is without.

“On the posterior wings are similar markings, except the central fascia, which is

replaced by a dark cloudy stripe which borders the duller basal portion; beyond it

near the following line and not far from the costa is a black longish punkstrich.

“ The elongate form of the central spot of the posterior wings is well shown in

Fischer’s figure, and is perceptible in Mr. Hunter’s specimen, and the two dark teeth

so especially mentioned by Fischer are the most conspicuous markings of the anterior

wiugs ; hence, in spite of Fischer’s very different-looking figure, I feel confident that

his insect and Mr. Hunter’s are the same.

“ Now, how do we account for the insect occurring in London? One-half of the

world little knows how the other half lives ; and we may suppose that one-half of the

geometric larve have little conception of what the other half feed npon. At any rate

the tastes of this particular insect are very peculiar. It does not feed on a fungus like

our other London friend, Boletobia fuliginaria, it does not feed on lichens or moss.

On what then? On the dried plants in collections.

“* We read in Fabricius, Supp. p. 457, ‘ Habitat in herbariis folia plantarum exsic-

catarum exedens. Mus. Dom. Bosc.’

“ T supposed Dom. Bose was anything but pleased at this new collecting ground

opened out to him; butif it be sothat a geometric larva finds nutriment in dried

plants it is well we should know of it, as a looper casually observed in a herbarium

would be supposed to be there quite by accident.

*“« On referring again to Fischer we read that ‘ the perfect insect occurs at the end

of July on palings and walls near houses, often indeed in houses, but especially in ware-

houses where dried plants are kept, since the larva feeds exclusively on dried plants,

and as far as we know never touches green ones.’

“Tt feeds all through winter on these dry plants, and is sometimes very injurious

to herbaria, changes in June to a pupa ina slight cocoon in a corner or between dried

leaves, and in ten days or a fortnight the perfect insect appears.

* Now the whole mystery seems explained ; and the occurrence of a devourer of

dried plants in Bloomsbury Street, in the immediate vicinity of the British Museum,

where perhaps more specimens might be obtained by a careful search, seems perfectly

intelligible.”

April 5, 1858.

J. O. Wrstwoop, Esq., V.P., in the chair,

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

duonors:—‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society, Vol. ix. No. 29; presented by the

Society. ‘The Zoologist’ for March; by the Editor. ‘Catalogue of British Cole-

optera, by G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., F.Z.S., &c., two copies, one of them printed on

one side only; by the Author. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for March; by the Editor.

‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for March; by the Society. ‘ Exotic Butter-

flies, Part 26; by W. W. Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., &c. ‘ Stettiner Entomologische

Zeitung, xix. jahrgang, Nos. 1—3,; by the Eutomological Society of Stettin. ‘The

Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer,’ Vol. iii.; the same, No. 79; by H.'T. Stainton,

Esq. ‘The Atheneum’ for February and March; by the Editor. A pair of Carabus

intricatus, Linn.; by J. J. Reading, Esq.

Election of Members.

Alexander Wallace, Esq., of Bembridge, Isle of Wight, and H. G. Knaggs, Esq.,

of Maldon Place, Camden Town, were balloted for and elected Members of the

Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Stevens exhibited a specimen of Papilio Ulysses, taken by Mr. Wallace in

Aru, and observed that Mr. Wallace saw this species on the wing almost daily during

his three months’ stay in the island, but, owing to its high and rapid flight, he only

succeeded in capturing two examples.

Mr. Janson exhibited various Coleoptera, handed to him for that purpose by

Mr. Douglas, which had been recently taken by that gentleman in nests of Formica

rufa ; the species most noteworthy were Saprinus piceus, I//., Dendrophilus pygmeus,

L., Leptacinus formicetorum, Maerk., and Thiasophila angulata, Hrichs.

Mr. Janson also exhibited a specimen of Harpalus servus, Duft., which had been

detected by Mr. H. Squire among a number of unset Coleoptera presented to him by

Mr. F. Smith, by whom they were captured, near Deal, last autumn. He observed

that Mr. Squire, who had identified this insect, considered it specifically identical with

Harpalus maritimus (Kirby), Steph. olim (subsequently sunk, in the ‘ Manual, as

synonymous with H.complanatus, Sturm.), as he found the individual exhibited

agreed precisely with the specimens thus denominated in the Kirbyan, Stephensian

and Leachian cabinets. Mr. Janson remarked that he had not himself yet had an op-

portunity of following Mr. Squire’s investigations in this matter; he was therefore not

competent either to confirm or contradict the view he advanced.

Mr. Janson likewise laid before the Meeting the following, which he had recently

taken:— —

Ocyusa ruficornis, Kraatz, Naturgesch. d. Ins. Deutschl. ii. 158, 2 (1856), a species

not previously recorded as an inhabitant of Britain, and indeed only recently discovered

by Dr. Kraatz, near Berlin. It has also been taken in the vicinity of Paris, and is

described by MM. Fairmaire and Laboulbéne in their ‘ Faune Entomologique de

France,’ i. 441, 33 (1856), under the name of Oxypoda fulvicornis: the specific tide

imposed by Dr. Kraatz will, however, stand by right of priority, his description being

anterior in publication by several months. The present species may be at once dis-

tinguished from its near ally and as yet sole congener, O. maura, Erichs., by its

superior size, brown hue, longer antenne, and by the bright brownish red colour of

those organs and of the legs; other, less apparent, differences exist in the form of the

thorax and in the sculpture and pubescence of the elytra, &c.

Hygronoma dimidiata, Gray., Evichs., Steph.

Stenus picipennis, Exichs., first discovered and identified by Mr. Edwin Shepherd,

in the autumn of 1857, and subsequently taken, he had heard, by Dr. Power, in

Hampshire.

Ischnodes sanguinicollis, Panzer (Ctenicerus sanguinicollis, Steph.). The female,

which differs somewhat in size and form from the male, is unquestionably Sericosomus

fulvicollis of Stephens.

In answer to a question of Mr. Westwood, relative to the localities in which these

insects had been found, Mr. Janson stated that he had captured the last-named species

in the London district; in respect to the other three, he was not certain whether the

locality was situate within that limit or not,—at all events he might venture to say

one of the home counties South of the Thames; this he considered quite sufficient for

all scientific purposes, and most respectfully declined henceforth publicly to indicate

the precise localities of his captures, an announcement which appeared to afford much

amusement to some of the Members, as it was greeted with considerable hilarity.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited the following species of Coleoptera, believing they had

not hitherto been recorded as British, viz. :—

Hister marginatus, Erichs. ‘Two specimens of this insect had come under

Mr. Waterhouse’s notice, one specimen in his own collection, and one in that of

Dr. Power. The localities in which they were found are unfortunately unknown.

Saprinus immundus, Gyll. One specimen taken by Mr. Waterhouse, at the mouth

of the Orwell, in September, 1855, and several specimens taken by Dr. Power and

Mr. F. Smith, at Deal.

Saprinus metallicus, Fabr. Two specimens taken at Deal by Mr. F. Smith. This

insect is given as British by Mr. Stephens, but he had mistaken the S. rugifrons, Payk.,

for the species.

Abraus (Acritus) nigricornis, Ent. H. Found in the months of May and June in

the corridor of the Crystal Palace.

Calodera riparia, Erichs. A single specimen taken by Dr. Power at Holme

Bush.

Mr. Waterhouse also exhibited a specimen of a Plegaderus, which he supposed to

be the P. dissectus, Hrichs., and stated that it was one of two specimens found in

Windsor Forest by Mr. Samuel Stevens: a notice had already appeared relating to

the discovery of the insect by Mr. Stevens, and Mr. J. F. Stephens, who published

this notice in the ‘ Zoologist, had regarded the insect as Abreus vulneratus, Kug.

Mr. Waterhouse then proceeded to describe four species of Staphylinide, which he

believed to be new:—

OxyYPODA NIGRINA.

O. Nigra, opaca, sericeo-pubescens, pedibus fuscescentibus, corpore fusiformi, supra

confertissime punctulato. Long. 1 lin.

Very close’ to Oxypoda cuniculina, Erichs., but rather smaller and usually of an

uniform sooty black colour; the antenn rather shorter, the terminal joint compara-

tively short and obtusely pointed; the elytra rather less strongly notched at the pos-

terior outer angle; the tarsi (more especially the posterior pair) shorter. Head about

one-third narrower than the thorax, rounded, convex; the parts of the mouth dusky ;

antenne about as long as the head and thorax, gradually increasing in width to the

apex, the last joint decidedly the shortest; first and second joints moderately elongate,

obconic, and nearly equal; third joint about half the size of the preceding ; of the re-

maining joints the first two or three are quadrate or nearly so, and the remainder (with

the exception of the last) distinctly transverse. Thorax gradually contracted from the

base to the fore part, the sides and the posterior margin gently rounded; above con-

vex and even, or with a very indistinct dorsal furrow. Elytra about one-fourth longer

than the thorax and rather broader, the puncturing fine, and, being extremely dense,

produce a dull appearance. Abdomen attenuated and also very finely and densely

punctured, the last segment and the edge of the preceding one often fuscous. Legs

more or less dusky, with the knees and tarsi fusco-testaceous.

I met with this insect at Charlton in June, 1856, and at Erith in July, 1855, and

some other localities not distant from London; it is also found in Scotland, Mr. Morris

Young having taken it at Paisley.

OxyYPODA NIGRO-FUSCA.

O. Fusco-nigra, thorace, elytris, abdominisque apice fuscis ; pebidus testaceis ; corpore

fusiformi, supra confertim subtilissime punctulato. Long. 1 lin.

It was with some little hesitation that I ventured to separate this species from

O. hemorrhoa, Mannerheim, so much does it resemble that insect in size and form, as

well as it the structure of the antenne; the fuscous thorax and elytra I at first thought

might only be indications of immaturity; I found, however, that all the specimens

which presented this colouring had the thorax dull, whereas in O. hemorrhoa the

same part is somewhat glossy, and upon placing the two insects side by side under a

low power in the microscope, I soon perceived that the punctuation of the thorax was

much more dense in the insect I call O. nigro-fusca.

Found in the débris left upon removing a stack of faggots in Bishop’s Wood, near

Hampstead.

HoMALOTA PLUMBEA.

H. Plumbeo-nigra, opaca, griseo-pubescens, creberrime subtilissime punctata ; antennis

fuscis, pedibus fusco-testaceis ; thorace subquadrato coleopteris multo angus-

tiore ; abdomine nitidiusculo. Long. 1 lin.

This species should be placed in Kraatz’s second section, near to the Tachyusiform

species, such as Homalota labilis, &c., in which the elytra are ample, distinctly

broader than the thorax. It reminds one of H. incana, Erichs., agreeing pretty

nearly in size, form, and colouring with that insect, but it is much more thickly and

finely punctured, and the antenne are longer, and none of the joints are decidedly

transverse; the legs, moreover, are paler. Head rather narrower than the thorax,

convex and rounded, but with the eyes slightly prominent, and the parts of the mouth

rather produced, the surface, like that of the thorax and elytra, of a somewhat dull

and silky appearance, owing to the thickness and fineness of the puncturing, combined

with a tolerable dense and fine ash-coloured pubescence; palpi and antenne dusky,

the latter sometimes, with the base, dirty testaceous; they increase very slightly in

thickness towards the apex; the first three joints considerably elongated and very

nearly equal; of the following joints the first are rather longer than broad, and the

penultimate quadrate ; the terminal joint nearly equal in length to the two preceding

taken together. Thorax subquadrate, slightly emarginate in front; the sides pre-

senting a very gentle sigmoid curve, being a little dilated and rounded towards the

fore part and slightly contracted behind; posterior margin rounded, posterior angles

obtusely rounded; anterior angles rather acute; upper surface moderately convex,

and with a somewhat large aud shallow depression behind. Elytra ample, fully one-

fourth longer than the thorax, and nearly twice as broad. Abdomen growing rather

broader towards the hinder part, very thickly and finely punctured throughout. Legs

testaceous ; the femora and tibizw*more or less suffused with brown. I can perceive no

differences indicative of sexes in the specimens before me.

Found by Dr. Power, at Seaford, near Newhaven.

HoMALOTS IMBECILLA.

H. Linearis, subdepressa, subtiliter pubescens, nigra, nitidiuscula, antennis pedibusque

Suscescentibus, ano elytrisque testaceis, his basi fuscis; thorace transversim

subquadrato ; abdomine supra omnino crebre punctato. Long. 13 lin.

Head very little narrower than the thorax, rounded and moderately convex, very

finely and rather thickly punctured; antenne, if bent back, reaching about to the apex

of the elytra; slender and with no perceptible increase in thickness towards the apex ;

the penultimate joints as long as broad; the middle joints longer than broad; the

terminal joint nearly as long as the two preceding joints taken together; palpi fuscous,

paler at the base. Thorax subquadrate, slightly broader than Jong, straight in front,

very gently rounded at the sides, and more distinctly rounded behind; above gently

convex, very finely and thickly punctured, and with a shallow fovea behind. Elytra

scarcely longer and very little broader than the thorax, and very thickly and rather

finely punctured. Abdomen with all the segments thickly and finely punctured; the

punctures, however, on the terminal segments are a little less dense than on the basal ;

from the apex of the abdomen spring numerous longish hairs. First joint of the

posterior tarsi a trifle longer than the second.

I found several specimens of this insect under rejectamenta at the mouth of the

Orwell, in September, 1855. It-is a soft and delicate little insect, and subject to con-

siderable variation in colouring, chiefly in the elytra, these being sometimes entirely

pale and sometimes entirely pitchy, but usually they are dusky at the base, and this

dark colour is more or less extended in different individuals ; the apex of the abdomen

is always pale.

H. imbecilla, together with H. fluviatilis, Kraatz, H. cambrica, Wollaston, and H.

thinobioides, Araatz, may be grouped together as linear species allied to H. elonga-

tula, but distinguished by the abdomen being thickly punctured throughout.

H. fluviatilis—or rather an insect (found on the banks of the Thames, near Hawn-

mersmith, by Mr. Squire) which I suppose to be the species so named by Kraatz—

approaches the nearest to H. elongatula, but differs in being rather smaller, in having

the body black throughout, the antenne dusky (or impure black) to the base, the head

rather narrower and less rounded, the sides being nearly parallel, and the thorax

rather longer.

H. imbecilla is about equal in size to the smallest specimens of H. elongatula ;

the antenne are longer and more slender than in that insect, sometimes fusco-testa-

ceous throughout, and sometimes entirely dusky; the legs of a less bright and clear

colour, being more or less suffused with brown or dusky at the base.

H. cambrica is very like H. imbecilla, but its form is more slender, its elytra are

longer, and the punctuation is finer and more dense; that on the thorax and elytra,

indeed, is so delicate as to be scarcely perceptible under a strong Stanhope lens, whilst

in H. imbecilla the puncturing throughout is tolerably distinct.

H. thinobioides is the smallest of the group and the most slender in its make, but

very like H. cambrica: its colouring is darker, and the punctuation of the abdomen

is still more dense.

This note is made upon specimens from Madeira, given me by Mr. Wollaston.

Mr. Westwood remarked the admirable manner in which the Abrzus exhibited by

Mr. Waterhouse was set, every tarsus being spread out. Mr. Waterhouse thereupon

informed the Meeting that the plan he adopted to set out small Coleoptera, of this

and some other families, was to gum the insects slightly down on their backs (using

gum Arabic for this purpose): the legs, &c., were then readily spread out with a

camel’s-hair pencil, after which the insect was easily removed by gently inserting the

point of a pen-knife under it, and then placed in its proper position on gummed card:

by this simple process many species could be set out, of which it is otherwise almost

impracticable to display the limbs.

Mr. Waterhouse also detailed another plan, which he had found very useful, in

setting out those tribes of small Coleoptera in which the limbs are rigid, such as the

Curculionide, &c., viz. to gum the insects on card, without attempting to set out the

legs, &c., until the gum has dried, when by slightly moistening the limbs, on one side

of the insect only, they were very readily brought to their required position with the

setting needle, and, on their again becoming dry, the other side could be treated in a

similar manner; by gumming out several insects at once no time need be lost, as

whilst one specimen was under process, the others would be drying.

Mr. Tegetmeier exhibited a newly constructed bee-hive, which consisted of two or

more boxes, designed to be placed one above the other, each one furnished with move-

able bars, to which the combs are attached, thus affording great facility for the removal

of the latter, either fur the purpose of scientific research, the partial deprivation of

honey, or the artificial production of swarms. The bars are retained in their places by

long wooden slides passing between them, which obviate the necessity for covers,

enable a single bar of comb to be removed without disturbing those remaining, and

permit the removal of the top boxes to be most readily accomplished. The boxes are

square in form, and so constructed that bars of brood or honey-comb can be easily

transferred from one to another.

Some discussion having arisen relating to the construction of the cells of the hive

bee, Mr. Waterhouse stated that he was of opinion that the hexagonal form of cell

was accidental, so far as the constructors of the cell were concerned; and, having been

called upon to explain his views, he proceeded, in the first place, to call attention to

the fact that if a number of cylinders of equal size were packed close together, side by

side, each cylinder would be surrounded by six others; that, assuming the cylin-

drical form (or at least a form of cell approaching more or less to the cylindrical,

and having a circular section) was the type form of isolated cells constructed by different

kinds of bees, and that, in the case of the hive bee, a number of insects worked

together, first depositing a small portion of wax, then excavating a small circular

cavity in the same, for the commencement of a cell; this then being followed by the de-

position of more wax and the excavation of more cavities, and these being placed close

to the first; then neither of the cells could be constructed of their natural diameter,

provided the first cavity formed had not attained the full diameter of the complete cell.

The diameters of the cells would intersect each other ; but, if partitions be left between

them, the cell must be six-sided, if the cells remain equal in size. In order to make

the idea more clear, he (Mr. Waterhouse) would assume for a moment that it were a

law that a number of equal-sized circles, being packed closely together, side by side,

and that each circle was then surrounded by seven others; he believed that the cell of

the hive bee would, in that case, have been seven-sided. Such were the views enter-

tained many years back by Mr. W.,and published by him in the ‘ Penny Cyclopedia ;’

and having subsequently had his attention particularly directed to the subject, whilst

examining the nests of a vast number of Hymenopterous insects, he still believes those

views to be essentially correct. He now, however, has reason to believe that it is not

absolutely necessary for the supposed natural diameters of the cells to intersect before

an angular-formed cell would be produced. The instinct which leads an insect to ex-

cavate, in order to form a cell, may lead it to excavate beyond what would be neces-

sary to form a sufficiently large cell, in the case of an insect, which, under ordinary

circumstances, burrows until it comes in contact with an adjoining cell. Contact with

other cells was the essential condition which influenced the angular form of any par-

ticular cell. It has been brought as an objection to his theory, Mr. W. went on to say,

that, in the case of the wasp or hornet, a single female insect constructs hexagonal

cells. This is true, but the same principle obtains,—no wasp builds a single, isolated,

hexagonal cell; when wasps, or allied Hymenoptera, build hexagonal cells, many

cells are built almost simultaneously, the first cell has made the least possible progress

before six other cells are commenced around it, and these again have progressed very

little before others are commenced external to them and in their interstices, so that a

wasp’s cell may be said to be altered into the hexagonal form as it proceeds, excepting

in the case of the outermost series of cells, where only the inner side of each cell is

angular, the outer side being almost always rounded. Mr. Waterhouse said he had

possessed a very small nest of a hornet which consisted of three cells only ; it was built

in a small cavity adjoining a large nest, and where there was not room for more than

three cells; they were circular externally and angular internally,—that is to say, each

cell had two straight sides where it came in contact with two other cells, and was

rounded elsewhere.

Mr. Tegetmeier remarked that he possessed a small piece of honey-comb which

presented the same peculiarities.

Mr. Tegetmeier added that he had found it a great improvement to have double

glass to observatory hives.

In answer to a question from Mr. Lubbock, Mr. Tegetmeier stated that he had not

made any observations, confirmatory or otherwise, of the theories advanced by Professor

Siebold, relative to the reproduction of these insects.

Mr. Murray observed, with reference to this subject, that Professor Simpson had

transferred eggs from drone to queen cells, and that a larva produced therefrom grew

so large that at length it reached the glass of the observatory hive in which the experi-

ment took place, and then died: he thought it would be interesting to have this grub

dissected, in order to ascertain whether it was a female or not.

Part 7 of Vol. iv., new series, of the Society’s ‘ Transactions’ was on the table.

May 3, 1858.

Dr. Gray, President, in the Chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

donors :—‘ Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou,’ 1856, Nos.

2—4, and 1857, No. 1; presented by the Society. ‘Catalogue of the Lepidopterous

Insects in the Museum of the East India Company,’ by Thomas Horsfield, M. and

Ph. D., F.R.S., Keeper of the Company’s Museum, and Frederic Moore, Assistant,

Vol. i.; by the Hon. Court of Directors of the East India Company. ‘ Proceedings

of the Royal Society? Vol. ix, No. 30; by the Society. ‘ Proceedings of the Zoolo-

gical Society,’ Nos. 339—349, both inclusive; by the Society. ‘The Zoologist’ for

May; by the Editor. ‘ Abhandlungen de Mathemat-Physikalischen Classe der Ko-

niglich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenchaften,’ Vol. viii. Part I.; ‘ Ueber den

Auban und Ertrag des Bodens im Koénigreiche Bayun,’ Part I., by Dr. F. B. W.

Hermann; by the Akademie. ‘The Atheneum’ for April; by the Editor. ‘The

Literary Gazette’ for April; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’

for April; by the Society. ‘ List of the Specimens of Homopterous Insects in the

Collection of the British Museum,’ by Francis Walker, F.L.S., &c.—Supplement ;

by the Author. ‘A Manual of British Butterflies and Moths,’ No, 16; by the

Author, H. T. Stainton, Esq. ‘The Entomologist's Weekly Intelligencer,’ Nos.

79—83 ; by the Editor, H. T. Stainton, Esq.

Elections.

Robert Mc Lachlan, Esq., of Park Road Terrace, Forest Hill, and Alfred Boot,

Esq., of Park Row, Greenwich, were elected Members; and Joseph Stevens, Esq., of

Upper Richmond Road, Wandsworth, a Subscriber to the Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Majendie sent for exhibition a piece of beech bark covered with a white sub-

stance, which Mr. Westwood pronounced to be a secretion exuded from the body of

the female of a species of Coccus, of which the male is as yet unknown.

Mr. Shepherd exhibited specimens of Stenus solutus, Hrichs., taken in the Lon-

don district, observing that the species had been recorded as British in Mr. Water-

house’s recently published Catalogue, on the authority of a single specimen in the

collection of Dr. Power.

Mr. W. F. Evans sent for exhibition living examples of the larva and imago of a

species of the Rhynchophorous genus Prypnus, Schoenh., which he had found in

bulbs imported from the Cape of Good Hope.

Mr. Horace Francis exhibited various Coleoptera which he had met with in the

vicinity of Folkestone, in September last, including beautiful examples of Anchome-

nus livens, Gyll., and Ocypus (Goerius) cyaneus, Fab.

Mr. Janson exhibited the following Coleoptera, recently captured by him within a

short distance of the metropolis :—

Oodes Helopioides, Fab., a species which he had not before taken, and which ap-

pears to be this year unusually abundant, having been found in considerable numbers

in Kent, by Mr. Lewis, Mr. Douglas, Dr. Power and others: the series now before

the Meeting were taken in the adjoining county of Surrey.

Badister peltatus, Panzer, a single individual found on the 19th of March last,

under loose bark of willow, in the notorious Hammersmith, or, perhaps more cor-

rectly, Shepherd’s Bush Marshes. The synonymy of and references to this species

should be thus expressed: Carabus peltatus, Panzer, Faun. Ins. Germ. Fas. xxxvii.

tab. 20 (1797), probably figured and described from a very immature specimen, with

the head and thorax ferruginous, the elytra pale brassy, and the antenne and legs

entirely testaceous, a state of things so different from the ordinary aspect of the insect

as to render identification, if not impossible, at least very problematical and unsatis-

factory; Illiger, Verzeichn. d. Kafer Preuss. 197, 80 (1798); Duft. Faun. Austr. ii.

147, 193 (1812). Amblychus peltatus, Gyll. Ins. Suec. ii. 76, 2 (1810). Trimorphus

Erro, Newman (olim), Ent. Mag. v. 489 (1838); Steph. Man. Brit. Col. 23, 134

(1839). Badister peltatus, Sturm, Deutschl. Faun. Ins. iii. 189, 3, tab. Ixxvi. fig. a,

A (1815); Dej. Spec. ii. 408, 4 (1826); Iconogr. ii. 226, 4, tab. 101, fig. 3 (1830) ;

Heer, Faun. Col. Helv. i. 49, 3 (1838); Brich. Kaf. d. Mark Brand. i. 24, 4 (1839) ;

Schaum, Ent. Zeit. Stett. ix. 37 (1848); Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 2nd series, iii. 35

(1849); Newman, Zool. 2276, 2277 (1848); L. Redib. Faun, Austr. 82 (1849), 2nd

ed. 31 (1857); Dawson, Geod. Brit. 61, 3, tab. 1, fig. C (1854); Fairm. § Laboulb.

Faun. Ent. Franc. i. 63, 4 (1854); Schaum, Naturg. d. Ins. Deutschl. i. 352, 4

(1857).

Cossonus linearis, Linn., Schoenh., Steph., Walton. A species, judging from the

old cabinets, frequently met with in Britain in days of yore, but which has probably

not occurred for nearly twenty years, specimens having been taken by Dr. Power, in

Cambridgeshire, about that period, since which apparently no instance is on record of

its capture. The series now exhibited was taken a few days since in an old elm, which

literally teemed with the insect in all its stages, the semi-decayed portions of the tree

being riddled in all directions by the larve, and the débris mingled with the remains

of countless members of bygone generations.

Stenus solutus, Eric., captured at the same time and place as the specimens pre-

viously exhibited by Mr. Edwin Shepherd, to whom I am indebted for the opportunity

of taking this scarce and local species.

Lathrobium punctatum, Zetterstedt, Faun. Ins. Lappon. i. 84, 5 (1828), to whom,

and not to Nordmann, this species must be assigned, he having first elaborately

described it under this name.

Mr. Westwood remarked that Cossonus linearis used to be taken in Battersea

Fields.

Mr. Janson rejoined that it was certainly not there that he had met with it: little

anxiety need, however, be felt as to the precise locality which had yielded it, as he had

not only secured but set out an ample supply for all his friends, and specimens (a

dozen if he desired them) were quite at Mr. Westwood’s service.

Mr. Gloyne observed that he had taken a specimen of Oodes Helopioides on the

banks of the Thames, near Mortlake.

Mr. Stainton exhibited a new species of Cemiostoma, bred by Mr. Wailes, of

Newcastle-on-Tyné, from larve mining the leaves of Genista tinctoria, for which the

name Wailesella had been proposed: the insect was closely allied to C. spartifoliella

and laburnella, but smaller, and with a bluer tint than those species.

Mr. Westwood wished to know whether the larve of these closely-allied species fed

on closely-allied plants; if so it was most probable that they were not distiuct species,

but merely modifications produced by the difference in the food plant.

Mr. Stainton observed that, independently of the differences in the larve and

perfect insects, differences which truly were minute, there were differences of habit,

especially between the larve, which would render it difficult to refer them to the same

species; and to assume that because the differences were small, and because the larva

fed on a different plant, the difference of food should so modify the insect in all its

stages, seemed rather like begging the question: it was possible the effect of the food

might be to alter the appearance of the insect, but that was certainly a point which

required to be proved before it could be admitted.

Mr. Smith exhibited a Stylops which he had bred from a living example of

Andrena fuscata, Kirby: it emerged from the pupa at half-past nine o’clock that

morning, and although he endeavoured, by keeping it in as cool a place as possible, to

preserve it alive to exhibit that evening, it died at about half-past four o'clock: he

believed it to be the same species which he had lately figured in the Society’s

‘ Transactions,’ or certainly a very closely-allied species. :

Mr. Smith also exhibited a piece of tube formed of vulcanized India-rubber, con-

taining cells of the leaf-cutter bees: the cells were placed transversely in the tube,

which he considered an extraordinary instance of sagacity in the bees.

Mr. Stevens exhibited some butterflies, taken in Amboyna by Mr. Wallace, in-

cluding beautiful males of Papilio Ulysses, and the female of this species, the Papilio

Diomedes, Cram.; also Papilio Codrus, and some fine Pieride.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited the following Coleoptera, from the Collection of Dr.

Power :—

Tachyusa sulcata. Taken at Southend.

Homalota orbata. Taken at Merton.

Agaricochara levicollis. Taken at the Holt, Hampshire.

Oligota granaria. Taken at the Holt, Hampshire.

Xantholinus glaber. Taken at Holme Bush.

Quedius fuscipes. ‘Taken at Addington.

Stenus solutus. Taken at Cowley and Lee.

Stenus (sp. 20 of Mr. Waterhouse’s Catalogue). Taken at Shirley. Mr.

Waterhouse observed that this insect, in some respects (especially in the dark colouring

of the palpi), more perfectly agreed with the description of S. providus, Erichs., than

did the species which he had supposed was that insect, and which, from its more cy-

lindrical form, he now thought might prove to be Kraatz’s S. Rogeri. Before, how-

ever, this point could be settled, it would be necessary to ascertain the sexual characters

of Dr. Power's insect, of which one specimen only had been found.

Philonihus signaticornis. Taken at Eastcot and Merton.

Philonthus nigrita. Taken at Eltham.

Philonthus pullus. Taken at Portsea.

Philonthus lepidus. Taken at Deal.

Mr. Waterhouse also exhibited the following species from his own collection :—

Oxypoda aterrima, nov. sp.

Anisotoma obesa, Schmidt, A. ciliaris, Schmidt, A. brunnea, Sturm, A.parvula, Sahl.

Cyrtusa minuta, Ahrens.

Agaricophagus cephalotes, Schmidt.

Leiodes orbicularis, Herbst.

Euthia plicata, Gyll., EB. truncatella, Evichs. First taken by Mr. Whittingham

at Leytonstone, and subsequently by Mr. Waterhouse at the Crystal Palace.

Mr. Waterhouse read the following description of the new species of Oxypoda

exhibited by him :—

“ Oxypopa ? ATERRIMA.

“0. linearis, aterrima, nitidiuscula, antennis pedibusque piceo-nigris, thorace ely-

trisque crebre punctatis, abdomine parcius punctato; thorace coleopteris longi-

tudine subaquale, basi foveola impresso. Long. corp. 1 lin.

“ This little insect is extremely like Homalota analis, but is usually a trifle larger:

the antenne are distinctly shorter, a little stouter, and with the intermediate joints

strongly transverse; the head rather more globose and less suddenly constricted

behind; the thorax rather less transverse, but in other respects like, with the same

posterior fovea and indistinct dorsal channel; the punctuation, however, of this part,

as well as of the elytra, is rather stronger: the elytra are very nearly equal to the

thorax, both in width and length, and present scarcely a trace of the posterior notch:

the abdomen is rather less finely and less thickly punctured than in H. analis; the

three visible segments nearest the elytra are transversely impressed at the base; the

jaws are testaceous; the palpi dusky.

“Several specimens of this insect have been taken by Mr. Morris Young near

Paisley: its general appearance is so like that of a Homalota (especially H. analis)

that I was much surprised, upon placing it under the microscope, to find five joints

to the fore tarsi, and this character accompanied by a somewhat elongated basal joint

to the posterior tarsi: this joint, however, though decidedly longer than the following

joints, is less elongated than in most of the Oxypode.”

Mr. Westwood exhibited a drawing of a dark variety of Acronycta Ligustri, and

of the larva from which it had been bred by Mr. Henry Boyle.

Captain Cox sent for exhibition a portion of a hop-pole perforated by the larva of

a Coleopterous insect, apparently a Callidium.

Mr. Stevens communicated the following extract from a letter written by Mr. H.

W. Bates, from Sto. Paolo, Upper Amazons : —

“On arriving at this station, one of the first new acquaintances in the butterfly

department which greeted me was the very beautiful Pandora Prola, Boisd.,—at least

T suppose it to be this species, from the nearly spotless scarlet colour of the under

surface of posterior wings; it was flying wildly about the streets of the village, en-

tering houses by the windows and settling on the walls: since then I have always

seen one or two on every very hot sunny day: the species does not penetrate the

forest; it is found only about the houses, and ata spot on the borders of the forest

where the vultures roost: its habits altogether are unlike those of any other species of

Nymphalide ; it settles frequently, sometimes on the ground, attracted by offal, but

frequently on the trunks of trees, bare walls, &c., holding in repose its wings slightly

raised: it is excessively wary, and only during the very hottest weather allows itself

to be approached: I have captured several on my own person, as, when standing about

waiting an opportunity to obtain it, it is apt to sail up boldly and settle on one’s

clothing; its habit of settling on the trunks of trees and its bold rapid style of flight

very much resemble the manner of the Ageronie, and I am quite satisfied that the

true position of the genus Pandora is in proximity with Ageronia. There are two

grand species of this latter genus new to me also found here, one of which has the

greater part of the under surface of the hind wings red, and the other has the same

part saffron-yellow: they fly in company with Pandora at the place on the borders of

the forest, but do not wander so far in their flight. I wish to mention here

that I think there is quite an erroneous conception established by lepidopterists, of the

nature and aflinities of the Ageronie. M. Lacordaire and Mr. Wallace have said

that the chrysalis is secured by a ligature round the body ; I think there is some mis-

take about this: I have bred two species of the genus, and most certainly the chry-

salis is suspended by the tail like all the other Nymphalide. In our systems

the Ageroniz are placed at the head of the Nymphalidz, near the true Papilionide,

as though forming the connexion between the families. I think all this is a mis-

conception. There is no proximate affinity at all between the Papilionide and

the Nymphalide ; the two families are separated by the whole mass of the Ery-

cinide, I should as little expect to find an Ageronia chrysalis with a ligature round

the body, as a true Papilio chrysalis suspended only by the tail. The larve of

Ageronia are spinose ; the lines of thoracic segments densely ramose. In their flight

they make a smacking noise with their wings like the clicking of castanets, but rarely

repeated. The Pandora does not produce this noise.”

The Secretary read the following paper by Mr. A. R. Wallace :—

A disputed case of Priority in Nomenclature.

“ Allow me to call the attention of the Entomological Society to what seems to me a

novel and most erroneous as well as inconvenient interpretation of the law of priority :

it is, that of transferring a name long borne by one insect (but which it has lost by

being found to be but a sex or variety) to another insect which has been erroneously

referred to the same species. This has been done by the late Mr. Doubleday, who has

changed Ornithoptera Remus, a name which for fifty years has been invariably borne

by one well-known species, into O. Panthous, a name which for a still longer period has

been applied to the female of O. Priamus. Such a change would be most inadvisable,

even were the principle on which it was made a good une ; whereas it is one which

gives, at it were, a premium to error. Linneus described the female of Priamus as a

distinct species (Panthous) and Remus as the male of Panthous. Cramer corrected the

latter error and figured the two sexes of Remus correctly, giving the species for the

first time a distinct name. This name it appears to me cannot be changed for that of

Linnzus, who erroneously supposed the species to be the sameas one he had previously

named, although that name has been reduced to a synonym. The two errors of Lin-

neus should not be allowed to take precedence of Cramer, who first correctly named

the species. The question here raised is of importance because an analogous case is

now open for decision. P. Darsius of G. R. Gray was previously figured by

Doubleday as the male of Amphimedon. Now, Amphimedon is certainly the female

of Helena, and, if the rule holds good, the new species Darsius must take the old name

of Amphimedon, just as Remus has been made by Messrs. E. Doubleday and G. R.

Gray, to take the name of Panthous. Such a practice will certainly not be generally

followed, and I would humbly suggest that it is one of the duties of an Entomological

Society, to check, by an expression of their opinion, all that tends still further to con-

fuse the nomenclature and synonymy.

“ Amboyna, January 1, 1858.”

The Secretary read “Descriptions of six New British Neuroptera sent by

Mr. Dale to the British Museum,” by Dr. Hagen; and the following paper by Mr.

Newman :—

Note on Scolytus destructor.

“ Having heard from Mr. Stainton that the Royal Botanic Society had awarded

a gold medal to our fellow-member, Captain Cox, for certain successful experiments

in recovering elm trees from the attacks of Scolytus destructor, I was delighted to

receive for the press that elaborate paper with which the Society was favoured at its

last meeting. That paper is published in our ‘ Proceedings,’ and will afford to

the world abundant proof that! we are now regarding Entomology in a utilitarian

as well as a scientific spirit. ‘It is, as the writer observes, ‘ peculiarly fitting that

Science should step in and prove that over one pest at least we have power, and if not

made use of the fault lies entirely with the public. I cannot sufficiently regret my

absence from so interesting a meeting, since, had I been present, I should have en-

deavoured to elicit still further information from a gentleman who has so successfully

studied this important branch of rural economy; more especially, as the Parisians, in

their bungling attempts to employ the draw-shave, have sacrificed the finest elm trees

around the French metropolis. I may perhaps be allowed to state, touching the

bibliography of Scolytus destructor, that I think Captain Cox scarcely goes back far

enough, when he dates the knowledge of its economy from 1840: previously to that

year the late M. Audouin had thoroughly mastered its history; and six years earlier

still, an obscure writer in the ‘ Entomological Magazine’ (i. 425), under the assumed

name of ‘ Rusticus’—the habit of assuming names cannot be sufficiently reprobated—

described its economy so minutely as to induce the idea that Captain Cox must have

been at the writer’s elbow even while he held the pen, and dictated what he wrote:

before Rusticus, Kirby and Spence seem to have been cognizant of its doings; and to

go back still further, the very name carries with it an idea of some knowledge of its

economy. Captain Cox has, however, added one most interesting fact overlooked by

previous writers: that ‘ the female dies at the entrance of her tube, thus performing a

maternal duty by closing the aperture to her young ones with her own dead body.’

The points, however, on which I would solicit for the Society additional information

are these: Captain Cox states his firm conviction that healthy trees are attacked by

Scolytus ; and that this insect is the cause of premature decay and eventual death.

He narrates with great perspicuity that eighteen dying elm trees were placed at his

disposal, that he experimented on every one of them, by taking off the surface bark

with a draw-shave; and that seventeen out of the eighteen completely recovered: the

operation is most simple, and I believe every one will admit that its very simplicity

adds to its beauty and its value. Before commencing his experiments, Captain Cox

numbered the trees from 1 to 18, and made a careful memorandum of the state of each ;

the summary of these memoranda may be thus briefly stated. Fifteen were suffering

severely from the ravages of Cossus ligniperda ; and out of these fifteen, nine were

also infested with Scolytus: three, making up the eighteen, were attacked by

Scolytus, but all these three “slightly.” Now, to a superficial observer, it will occur

that the state of the trees, scarcely bears out the author’s own conclusion as to Scolytus

attacking sound trees, since fifteen out of the eighteen were manifestly attacked by

the most deadly enemy that a timber tree can possibly have: and toa superficial

observer, I purposely repeat this qualifying expression, nothing can present a more

sickly or abnormal appearance than a tree, the solid timber of which is riddled

through and through by the enormous larve of Cossus ligniperda: such trees, with

or without the smaller pest, I should have unhesitatingly pronounced in an unhealthy

state. When Captain Cox favours us, as I doubt not be will, with an explanation of

this apparent inconsistency, arising probably from some accidental oversight or trans-

position of words, may I ask him to reexamine the larve which he denominates those

of Cossus ligniperda, and which had so severely injured the fifteen trees under con-

sideration ; because I never happened to find that insect feeding on elm, and had not

the statement been made by an entomologist who possesses an unusually extensive

knowledge of the larve of our British Lepidoptera, I should have fancied that

the trees were dying from some other and undiscovered cause. One other slight diffi-

culty occurs to me which will, doubtless, be removed without causing any additional

or unnecessary trouble to Captain Cox. Seeing that the larva of Cossus mines

the solid wood, and not the bark, except in its very juvenile state; and seeing that the

fifteen Cossus-mined trees completely recovered after their outer bark had been merely

draw-shaved, how is it to be explained that this simple external process affects

the deadly Cossus deep in the interior? The author has not explained this,

probably concluding that entomologists were more intimately acquainted with the

reciprocal offices of bark and solid wood, than I fear is the case. I trust that

these queries, unimportant in themselves, will not be deemed irrelevant, but will

acquire some importance from the acknowledged importance of the subject; I hope

they will induce Captain Cox to enrich our ‘ Proceedings’ with a second paper still

more explanatory than the first. As an observation on Scolytus, quite independent of

the paper to which I have been alluding, it is rather interesting that in the two great

London colonies of this insect, Greenwich Park and Camberwell Grove, its advent

dated two years subsequently to the introduction of gas, and its ravages have not yet

extended beyond the reach of the gas influence: that gas has an injurious effect on

elms is a self-evident fact, so probably have all gases evolved by combustion in facto-

ries, since we always see elms in manufacturing cities losing their leaves six or seven

weeks earlier than in the country : in this weakened state trees are particularly obnoxious

to the attacks of insects, and about London elm trees are generally infested with

the larve of Scolytus destructor and Zeuzera Hsculi. I am well aware of the alleged

fact of the trees in the Hartz forest and elsewhere in France and Germany being

destroyed by Scolytus, still the coexistence of elm failure and gas-lights must remain

an indisputable fact, although at present a fact from which no general conclusions can

be safely drawn.”

Mr. Westwood observed, with reference to the latter part of Mr. Newman’s paper,

that the Scolytus was abundant in Christ Church Meadows, Oxford, far away from

gas-lights.”

June 7, 1858.

J.O. Westwoop, Esq., V.P., in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

donors :—‘ First and Second Report on the Noxious, Beneficial and other Insects of the

State of New York, made to the State Agricultural Society, pursuant to an appropria-

tion for this purpose from the Legislature of the State,’ by Asa Fitch, M.D.; presented

by the author. ‘Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, Vol. ii., No. 8;

by the Society. ‘The Natural History Review,’ Vol. v., No.2; by the Dublin Uni-

versity Zoological Association. ‘A Monograph of the Asiatic Species of Neptis and

Athyma, two genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera belonging to the Family Nymphalidae,’

by Frederic Moore; ‘ Descriptions of some New Species of Lepidopterous Insects

from Northern India,’ by Frederic Moore; by the Author. ‘ Annales de la Société

Entomologique Belge,’ Tome premier; by the Society. ‘ Bibliotheca Historico-

Naturalis, Vol. vii. No.1; by the Author, E. A. Zuchold. ‘The Zoologist’ for

June, 1858; by the Editor. ‘List of the Specimens of Lepidopterons Insects in

the collection of the British Museum,’ by Francis Walker, F.L.S., &c.; Part xiv.

—Noctuide; by the Author. ‘Report of the Proceedings of the First Meeting of

the East Kent Natural History Society;’ by Captain Cox. ‘The Journal of the

Society of Arts’ for May; by the Society. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for May; by the

Editor. ‘Deseriptions de Six Longicornes Exotiques Nouveaux, par M. Chev-

rolat (from Archiv Entom.); presented by the Author.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Stevens exhibited a number of Coleoptera found in nests of Formica fuliginosa

and F. rufa, amongst which were examples of Myrmedonia cognata and M. lugens,

and a fine series of Dinarda Maerkelii, taken near Guildford, of which he distributed

specimens amongst the members present.

Mr. Smith exhibited a specimen of Myrmica cingulata, found by Mr. S. Stevens

in a nest of Formica fusca, and examples of Myrmica lippula and Ponera contracta,

found by Mr. Janson in company with Formica fuliginosa ; he wished those entomo-

logists who were in the habit of searching for Coleoptera in ants’ nests would bear in

mind that several rare species.of Myrmicide are only to be met with in the nests of

the different species of Formica, and that two or three such species of Myrmica well

known to continental entomologists have not yet been discovered in this country.

Mr. Janson exhibited an example of a species of Trichonyx, found by Mr.

E. Shepherd in a colony of Formica flava, under a flint on the “ Hogsback,” near

Guildford, on the 2Ist ult. Mr. Janson observed that it was the same species which

he had alluded to in his paper on Coleoptera frequenting ants’ nests, in the

‘Entomologist’s Annual’ for 1857, but he had not yet been able to identify the insect

with either ef the two known continental species of this genus.

Mr. Janson also exhibited specimens of an Hemipterous insect which he had taken

on several occasions in nests of Formica rufa at Hampstead and Highgate, and which

he was disposed to refer to the Microphysa myrmecobia, Maerkel, in Germ. Zeitsch.

f. d. Ent. v, 262, 276 (1844), with whose description the individuals before the

QF ‘

Meeting agreed pretty closely, differing, however, somewhat in the sculpture of the

head and thorax. He remarked that he had met with the male only, the female,

according to Germar, has the hemelytra truncate—a structure obtaining in M. Psela-

phiformis, Westwood, Annales de la Soc. Ent. de France, iii. 642, tab. vi. f. 3 (1834).

[Loricula Pselaphiformis, Curtis, Ent. Mag. i. 197 (1833) ; Microphysa pselaphoides,

Burmeister, Handb. d. Entom. ii. 286 (1835) ], and which may pessibly prove to be

the female of the present species, although here the apical joints of the antenne are

decidedly the longest, and the rostrum is broad and scarcely exceeds the head

in length.

Mr. Westwood observed that so long a period had elapsed since his attention was

given to the species in question, that he could not then express an opinion in this

matter; the specimen which Mr. Janson had placed in his hands would enable him

to institute a comparison, the result of which he would communicate at a future

time.

Mr. Stainton exhibited a specimen of a new species of Cemiostoma, bred by Mr.

T. Wilkinson, from Lotus, and for which the name “ Lotella” had been proposed :

the insect is closely allied to C. scitella, from which it differs in the narrower anterior

wings, the different position of the radiating dark lines in the cilia, and in having the

apical spot from which these lines appear to emanate, black, instead of tawny as in

scitella.

Mr. F. Smith exhibited two hermaphrodites in the aculeate Hymenoptera, viz., a

specimen of Nomada baccata, and of Andrena nitida; in both insects the male cha-

racters were on the right side of the body.

Mr. Douglas exhibited pup@ of a Lepidopterous insect found under bark of syca-

more, and presumed to be those of Stigmonota Regiana; also a living example

of Trinodes hirtus, and aspecimen of Acrognathus mandibularis, a Coleopterous insect

new to this country, taken at Darenth Wood, about three years ago.

Mr. Westwood exhibited a fine specimen of the Carpocapsa, which he had

recently bred from the Mexican “jumping seeds,” for which he proposed the

name of

CaRPoOcaPSA SALTITANS.

C. Ale anticis griseo-albis cinereo rivulosis ; costa lineolis circiter 16 obliquis alter-

natim tenuibus, angulo apicali nigricanti playa parva ovali albida ; margine

postico prope basin macula parva quadrata nigricanti, plagaque postica magna

conica cinerea, nigro lineata et marginata ; margine apicali griseo plumbeo et

albo variegato serie duplici punctorum minuiorum nigrorum ; alis posticis fuseis ;

capite et collari brunnescentibus ; palpis extus fuscis, intus albidis. Expaus.

alarum antic. lin, 9.

Hab.—Larva in seminibus plante Peruviane Calliguaja dictw, que motu salta-

torio mire progrediuntur.

Mr. Westwood exhibited a drawing, lately received by Mr. Spence from India, of

the winged male and apterous worker of a species of Dorylus, together with the larva

and pupa of the latter, which had been communicated to Herr Neitner by the Hon.

Walter Elliot. The male is of the ordinary Dorylus form, that sex having only

hitherto been observed, but the worker is a species of Mr. Westwood’s genus

Typhlopone. Herr Neitner’s letter is as follows :--

“ Rambodde, Ceylon, March 24, 1858.

““W. Spence, Esq., London.

“ Dear Sir—When at Madras, a few weeks ago, my friend the Hon. Walter

Elliot showed me an entomological sketch, a copy of which I beg to enclose, asking

me what the insect represented was. There can be no doubt that it is a Dorylus, and

of great interest, as it represents two sexes, and as Mr. Elliot has observed their do-

mestic habits. With regard to the latter, Mr. Elliot states that a couple of years ago

he found a large society of these insects at Collenada, near Coringa, north of Madras,

at about 17° N. L. They lived in the manner of ants, under the stone foundations of

a house built on loose sand, within half-a-mile of the sea-coast: the society was very

numerous. Mr. Elliot brought away a number of the insects, and had a drawing

made of them by a native draughtsman: the enclosed sketch is a copy of it, also made

by a native draughtsman. [The drawing represents the male insect of the natural

size and in different positions, with magnified details of the antenna, legs and geni-

talia ; also the worker of the natural size, and magnified with details, and with the

larva and pupa]. There can be no doubt that these insects are closely allied to the

social ants. The difference in size of the male and the worker is very remarkable.

The female remains still to be discovered: still I feel confident that the enclosed

sketch and Mr. Elliot’s observations will interest you as much as they have interested

me, and will be generally considered as an acceptable addition to the natural-history

of the genus Dorylus.”

Mr. Thwaites, by whom Herr Neitner’s letter was transmitted to Mr. Spence, adds

that “it is very interesting to find Shuckard’s conjecture that Typhlopone would prove

to be of the Dorylus family verified. Shuckard’s paper on the subject is in the

‘Annals of Natural History’ for 1840: his idea of its being a parasite, is, however,

certainly disproved by this discovery of Mr. Elliot.”

Mr. Westwood added that Mr. Shuckard, in his ‘ Monograph on the Dorylides,’

referred to by Mr. Thwaites, had suggested that Typhlopone was composed of females

of Labidus, and had consequently removed the former from the family of the ants,

considering the Dorylides as an osculant family between the Mutillide and Formicidae,

whereas he (Mr. Westwood), in the Arcana Ent. i. 73, had shown Typhlopone to

belong to the family of the ants, and had considered the Dorylides as a section of the

Formicide, doubting, at the same time, the supposed sexual connexion between

Typhlopone and Labidus.

Mr. Smith observed that the communication was certainly very interesting: Dr.

Savage had, however, to his own satisfaction, settled the relationship of Dorylus some

years ago. In the ‘ Proceedings of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia’ for 1850, a com-

munication from Dr. Savage states, that he found in Africa a number of specimens

of Dorylus in company with a new species of Anomma, “ A. rubella, Sav.’; the latter

he considers to be the workers of Dorylus, yet, notwithstanding this opinion and

the details given, Mr. Sinith expressed his doubts of there being any specific con-

nexion between these insects; they were not even found ina nest, but upon the

ground, the Dorylus being mixed with a procession of Anomma. Although great dis-

parity in the size of the sexes of some species of ants was well known, no instance of

the male so greatly exceeding the worker had come under his notice, and in India

Dorylus was common, whilst Anomma has not yet been found. Mr. Smith was far

more inclined to adopt the opinion of Dorylus being the male of Typhlopone, but he

did not consider the communication decisive upon that point ; the Dorylus it appeared

had been discovered in the same nest, or in company with workers of Typhlopone, but

the female had not been discovered, and Dorylus might yet prove to be a parasite.

Mr. Shuckard had suggested the probability of Labidus, the New World representa-

tive of Dorylus, being the male of ‘Typhlopone; and as the Jatter genus, or one very

closely resembling it, had been received from Brazil from Mr. Bates, the communica-

tion, should the connexion therein stated prove eventually to be correct, certainly con-

firmed Mr. Shuckard’s views.

Mr. Stainton read the following paper :—

On the persistence of Species.

“Some strangely heretical notions were broached at the last Meeting,—at least

they were such notions as must appear heretical to all who have closely studied

species.

“It was suggested that those individuals of a genus which all who have most care-

fully investigated the subject agree in considering species, were not in reality species,

but merely varieties, or rather races caused by some modification of habit. The

statement that different species will, in the larva state, feed on different plants, was

used in an inverted manner toimply that eggs of one species laid on four or five dif-

ferent plants will produce apparently as many different species.

‘““T do not wish in the slightest degree to overstate the new theory, but I cannot

see that it differs in degree from what I have just mentioned. Species somewhat

similar feeding on closely allied plants were suggested as probable variations caused

by the difference of food; but ifa slight difference of food causes a slight apparent

difference of species, a greater difference of food would of course produce a greater

apparent difference of species, and thus each genus might be assumed to consist of

only a single species, varying according to its food and other circumstances.

‘“‘ Hence species are not; they were merely phantoms of the brain of the naturalist.

“The difference between the two specimens of Cemiostoma I have exhibited is

not.a specific difference; Scitella, driven by stress of weather far from its usual food,

laid eggs on Lotus, and thus produced an apparently new species. It is of course an

interesting problem whether, if this insect bred fron the Lotus were to deposit eggs

on an apple-leaf the resuit would not be some other aberrant creature, which the

first captor would hold to be a new species till an elaborate investigation intu its pedi-

gree should show that it was descended from Scitella, out of Lotus, by Scitella,

out of apple.

“Such theories would never have been started but for the smallness of the

objects under discussion.

“T have also brought for exhibition two hitherto reputed distinct species of

butterflies, of the genus Vanessa ; but as they are very similar in appearance, and feed

on plants of the same natural order, Urticacee, perhaps the Meeting will now be dis-

posed to consider Polychloros and Urtice as one species: it will of course be

remarked that the flight of these two insects is very different, that of Polychloros

being far the more powerful; but then it must be borne in mind that elm trees grow

higher than nettles, and consequently a butterfly bred from an elm tree might be

expected to be endowed, on that very account, with stronger organs of flight.

“JT could multiply similar instances ad nauseam; but really I feel that 1 am un-

necessarily taking up the time of this Meeting, and I should not have recurred

to the subject but for the number of young entomologists who now attend our

Meetings, on some of whom the idea of gradual developments from one species to

another might have most injurious effects, were it not briefly, yet effectually,

exploded.”

Mr. Westwood considered it would require far greater research than had yet been

made, and far more argument than the few lines Mr. Stainton had just read, to dis-

prove the theory he had advanced at the last Meeting, although Mr. Stainton was

pleased to imagine he had “ effectually exploded” the idea of gradual developments,

yet he (Mr. Westwood) still maintained that many of the supposed new species of

Micro-Lepidoptera lately established might be merely modifications of other species

dependent on diversity of food or other circumstances with which we are not

acquainted. That many species of animals, including insects, underwent modifica-

tions and became, so to speak, geographical or structural sub-species was well

established, as might be seen in Mr. Wollaston’s work on “ Species,” since the publi-

cation of which a great change had taken place in the minds, especially of German

naturalists, as to the specific rank of many of the supposed species of Carabideous in-

sects, which were now sunk into local sub-species. It was not sufficient to say that

larvee which had fed on the oak, would die rather than feed on any other tree, because

the experiment was tried with an individual which had already become quercivorous.

Many of the best botanists had also adopted the theory of local sub-species; it was

quite necessary to register these permanent or even transitory sub-species, but far

more philosophical to endeavour to discover the centre, so to speak, from which they

radiated. :

Mr, Douglas remarked tbat in some of the species most closely allied, as, for in-

stance, Cemiostoma Spartifoliella and Laburnella, it was not merely that they fed on

different plants, but the habit of the larve was totally different, and it would

be a preposterous doctrine to maintain that the difference of the habit was the cause

of the modification of the species, and not rather that the habit differed because

the species were different.

Mr. Dunning said he was no advocate fur the notion of species gradually

changing from one form to another.

Mr. Stainton observed that Mr. Westwood’s remarks went fully the length of

maintaining the development theory, and in further illustration of the difference of

habits, showing closely allied species to be distinct, he exhibited larve of M. Mil-

liére’s new Coleophora Lugduniella, feeding on Vicia Cracca, and larve of C. Vibi-

cella, on Genista tinctoria; the former larva having an ample silken cloak thrown

over its black case, and the latter being entirely without the cloak; the former larva

eating the leaves through into holes, and the latter blotching the leaves in the usual

Coleophoric fashion.

Mr. Vardon called the attention of the Meeting to the lamentable state of the

fruit trees in Worcestershire: a few weeks ago they promised one of the finest crops

ever seen, which had since been totally destroyed by multitudes of caterpillars, some

of which he laid before the Meeting. His own orchards were planted with currant

and gooseberry bushes under the fruit trees, and the caterpillars after defoliating the

latter, had descended to the former: he would feel much indebted to the members

present for any suggestions calculated to remedy or mitigate this serious evil: the

crop on at least 1000 acres being totally destroyed.

Mr. Westwood observed, with reference to the statement of Mr. Vardon, as to the

wholesale destruction of the apple crop (as well as of that of the currant and goose-

berry trees planted under the apples), that the caterpillars which had now proved so

destructive for several years were those of the winter moth Cheimatobia brumata, and

that as they were now full-grown, the mischief which they had produced had arrived

at its height for the present year. The destruction of such of the caterpillars which

still remained in the trees by beating the branches over large sheets, and which had

already been practised to a large extent, was still highly desirable ; but Mr. West-

wood considered that the peculiarities of the perfect insect offered much greater

facilities for preserving the crop of next year. The habit of the caterpillar to

descend to the ground and undergo its transformations in the earth, together with the

fact that the female being wingless, would only be enabled to lay her eggs upon the

tips of the present year’s shoots (so as to allow the newly hatched larve to find an

immediate supply of food) by creeping up the trunks of the trees, suggested what

appeared to be a satisfactory means of combatting this pest. The German horticultu-

turists had indeed invented a kind of boot or box for the protection of the base of the

trunk of the tree, composed of four upright boards fixed close round the tree, each

having a small oblique ridge at the top, the inner surface which was kept (during the

months of October and November when the perfect insects appear) moistened with gas

tar or other sticking matter, which caught the females as they endeavoured to ascend

the trees. It would also be very advisable at the same period of the year, either to

remove and burn the earth beneath the trees to the depth of several inches, in order

to carry away and destroy the chrysalids, or to beat the surface hard so as to prevent

the moths making their escape to the open air. Children might also easily be trained

to watch for and destroy the females when they make their appearance. They, how-

ever, rapidly ascend the trees so that much vigilance is required. It had been asked

whether it would not be advisable to destroy the apple trees in order to save the goose-

berry and currant trees beneath, but this appeared a proceeding very doubtful of suc-

cess, as the insects certainly first attacked the apples, and the destruction of the latter

would only increase their attacks on the other trees.

Mr. W. W. Saunders read “ Descriptions of some new species of the genus

Erycina.”

July 7, 1858.

Dr. Gray, President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented

to the donors: —‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society,’ Vol. ix., No. 31; presented by

the Society. ‘The Zoologist’ for July ; by the Editor. ‘ Exotic Butterflies, Part 27;

by W. W. Saunders, Esq. ‘Bulletins de Academie Royale des Sciences, des

Lettres et des Beaux Arts de Belgique, 2me Série, Tomes i., ii. et iii.; ‘ Mémoires

Couronnés,, Tome vii.; by the Academy. ‘ The Classed Catalogue of the Educational

Division of the South Kensington Museum’; by the Committee. ‘The Literary

Gazette’ for June; by the Editor. ‘The Atheneum’ for June; by the Editor.

‘The Journal of the Society of Arts ;’ by the Society. ‘A Manual of British Butter-

flies and Moths,’ No. 18; ‘The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer, Nos. 89, 90,

91 and 92; by H. T. Stainton, Esq.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Smith exhibited some insects of various orders collected at Sierra Leone by

Mr. Foxcroft, upon which Mr. Adam White communicated the following notes :—

Anthocharis Evippe, male and female.

Philognoma Varanes. Found in West Africa as well as South Africa.

Romaleosoma Ceres. A genus of many species, of sombre and yet not unhandsome

butterflies, peculiar to West Africa.

The large black Hesperia (Mars. ?) and two or three other interesting species may

be specified.

Pontia Narica. Connecting Pontia with Leucophasia.

Myrina Alcides or an allied species. It would be very valuable to ascertain

the transformations of this fine butterfly and of the allied genus Tolaus.

Acrea Circeis, Westw. There are several species of Acrea in this little col-

lection ; Acrea Euryta, var., with its spined chrysalis, and Acrea Quirina, a lovely

species.

The sugar-cane Nonagria, very like the one figured by Landsdown Guilding, from

the West Indies.

Of Sphingide, Daphnis Nerii, so widely distributed, and Acherontia Atropos,

whose fuod-plants are also widely spread, may be specified.

The fig-tree feeder is one of the most interesting moths in the collection; it

belongs to the same group as Cossus and Zeuzera, and may prove a genus allied to

Langsdorfia from Brazil and Cossodes from King George’s Sound.

Massaga Hesparia, Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. in Brit. Mus., pt. 2, p. 358. (Phalena

Hesparia, Cram. Pap. Exot. i. p. 87, pl. 56, f. C).

We have an imperfect specimen of this in the British Museum from Sierra Leone,

where it was found by the Rey. D. F. Morgan. Cramer published it as from

Demerara, but Morgan’s, and again Foxcroft’s capture of it as well as its affinities,

show that Sierra Leone is its real habitat.

Thyridopteryx Sierricola, White. Male. Antennis subfuscis pallidulis, alis hya-

linis, argenteo-nitidis, anticis ad basin plaga atra longi-squamulata, thorace lana alba

sericea longa induto. Hab.—Sierra Leone.

An interesting member of a genus which doubtless abounds in species. Mr.

Westwood’s monographs of these “Arcana” will require shortly a new edition. This

should be figured with its chrysalis, cocoon, &c.

Of Orthoptera, there may be specified a curious Hymenotes with its Membracis-

like aspect, a very interesting Mantidous insect allied to one described by Westwood.

Of Coleoptera there are several species, some of which are Myrmecophilous and

Staphylinidous.

Of Geodephaga, an Acanthogenius, and a Cicindela, allied to nitidula.

Of Lamellicorns (and the Cetoniadous family in particular) may be specified

Plesiorhina recurva (Fabr.), Schaum. ; Pachnoda fimbriata (Gory § Perch), Burm.—

perhaps only a variety of P. olivacea ; Pachnoda marginella.

Of Longicorns, the Mallodon and Hammaticherus, with their transformations, are

interesting.

Of Neuroptera, the male Termes is worthy of notice.

And lastly, of the Spiders; there is the large Nephila, belonging to the same

group as our garden Epeira Diadema, and which makes very thick silken ropes,

which the late Mr. Whitfield once told Mr. White were so strong, that in the forest

the wanderer must take care of his face, as he might, if careless, be hurt by coming

against them.

Mr. Smith also exhibited some interesting nests of Hymenoptera sent by Mr. Fox-

croft from Sierra Leone, amongst which was that of a species of Vespa, formed of a

perfectly white material; and a leaf from the same locality covered with small purse-

shaped galls, from which a minute black species of Thrips had been bred.

Mr. Westwood observed that although the species of Thrips were certainly

insectivorous, yet that certain species were well known as being amongst the greatest

pests to the horticulturist, puncturing the leaves of melon, cucumber and other

greenhouse plants; the discovery that any species of this group formed galls was cer-

tainly quite a new fact, although from the great analogy with the Aphides, it was not

improbable that they might be gallicolous, in the same way as certain Aphide forming

the genus Byrsocrypta.

Mr. Walker also suggested that it was not improbable that the small finger-like

galls found so constantly on lime-tree leaves, and of which he had never observed the

inhabitants, were also the production of Thrips.

Mr. Westwood, in reference to the exhibition by Mr. Janson, at the preceding

Meeting, of a minute species of Heteropterous Hemiptera found in ants’- nests, now

exhibited the type specimen of his Microphysa pselaphiformis, together with a speci-

men of Microphysa myrmecobia of Germar, which last was identical with Mr. Jan-

son’s insect, although it was certainly not congenerical with the British type of the

genus, which had abbreviated elytra, whereas they entirely cover the abdomen in M.

myrmecobia, although destitute of an apical membrane.

Mr. Stevens exhibited a small box of insects sent home by Mr. Shield from

Bahia.

Mr. Stainton exhibited some leaves mined by the larve of Nepticule also sent

from Babia by Mr. Shield, and being the first tropical examples ever brought to this

country.

Mr. Stainton also exhibited specimens of Anthrocera Minos found on the west

coast of Scotland; and the larve of Cemiostoma lotella, mining the leaves of Lotus

major, in which they had been found in some plenty by Mr. T. Wilkinson.

Mr. Westwood would take this opportunity of correcting the erroneous view which

Mr. Stainton had taken of the remarks made by him on specific differences, at the last

Meeting, asserting in the report of the Meeting published in ‘The Entomologist’s

Weekly Intelligencer, p. 95, that they went fully the length of maintaining the

development theory,—that is, the theory advocated by the Lamarckian and ‘ Vestiges

of Creation’ schools, that an animal in a series of ages is able to develope itself into a

totally different kind of creature; that a mouse, for instance, anxious to fly, is able

after a long series of generations to acquire wings like a bat. Mr. Westwood, on the

contrary, affirmed the identity and permanence of species, but insisted not only on the

possibility of the modification of individuals composing the species, but also on the

permanence of such modifications of specific forms through several or even many

generations, so long, in fact, as the disturbing influences which produced the modifi-~

cation remained at work. It was by this kind of radiation from a central specific type

that geographical varieties were produced and perpetuated; and thus, for instance,

Mr. Westwood was induced to regard all the species of Ornithoptera allied to O. Pria-

mus, recently proposed by himself and others, as modified sub-species or local varieties

of that insect. So also were produced by the agency of man himself the different

varieties of the silk-worm, so well known in the ‘‘magnaneries” of the South

of France and Italy. He believed that if many of the Micro-Lepidoptera regarded by

Mr. Stainton as distinct species were really such, they would exhibit tangible struc-

tural modifications in the length and form of the joints of the palpi, the number of

joints in the antenne, the structure of the veins of the wings, or of the tarsi. Mr.

Stainton had, however, failed in describing any such characteristic modifications.

Mr. Stainton observed that he should consider that such differences as Mr. West-

wood alluded to would be generic, not specific.

Dr. Gray maintained the existence of permanent and geographical varieties in all

classes of animals, from Mammalia downwards.

Mr. Stevens exhibited a few insects collected in Madagascar by Madame Pfeiffer,

amongst which was a fine species of Calandra.

Mr. Mitford exhibited a beautiful Noctua (Brana calopasa) from Ceylon, and gave

the following interesting account of the habits of the species, communicated by E. L.

Mitford, Esq.:— One morning in March, about seven o'clock, I saw a cloud of these

moths whirling and sporting round the trunk of a large tree. After continuing their

gyrations for half an hour, they gradually settled in a large patch on the shady side of

the tree, forming a sort of thatch, the wings of one row overlapping the bodies of the

next, when they appeared like an excrescence on the bark, which they resembled in

colour: this habit is very peculiar to this moth, as it is very uncommon for moths to

go in swarms.”

; Cells of the Honey Bee.

Mr. Tegetmeier stated that he had recently made some experiments with a view of

ascertaining whether the cells of the hive-bee were formed hexagonally, or whether

such form was the result of lateral pressure, or rather the natural result of placing

cells close together without any loss of space; with this object in view he had placed

pieces of wax on the bars of one of “ Wildman’s” hives and watched the bees com-

mence excavating therein; the cells formed, invariably proved cylindrical. They

were, however, not in juxtaposition, as in the normal comb.

Mr. Tegetmeier also expressed his conviction that the cells of bees were also ~

formed in the first instance with a hemispherical base, having observed the deposition

of the foundations of numbers of cells on the under side of one of the bars of his leaf-

hive, which he had removed shortly after the swarm had been hived into it ; and also

that the outer portion of each cell was also cylindrical until a fresh cell was added on

its outer side, when the cell became an inner one, and ils outer sides transformed into

an hexagon.

Dr. Gray contended that the hexagonal form was undoubtedly tbe result of lateral

pressure, if cylinders composed of any yielding substance (vermicelli for example)

were placed side by side and subjected to such pressure, they were invariably forced

into the hexagonal form ; he considered the attempt made by Natural Theologians

to prove that the formation of an hexagonal rather than a cylindrical cell indicated

the possession of a greater degree of Divine wisdom bestowed on the insect, was the

greatest piece of humbug they had ever brought forward.

Mr. Smith had tried the experiment with cylinders formed of paper pasted

together, but failed in producing the result stated by Dr. Gray; he was not prepared

to argue or to express any opinion upon the formation of the cells of the hive-bee, but

he was prepared to show that the common wasp (Vespa vulgaris) constructed her

hexagonal cells upon as predetermined a plan as a mason would build a stack

of hexagonal chimnies.. When the wasp commences the construction of her nest,

having found or formed a suitable cavity, she begins by making three circular saucer-

shaped receptacles, in each of which she deposits an egg; she then proceeds to form

other similar shaped receptacles, until the eggs first deposited are hatched and the

young grubs require a share of her attention. From the circular bases she now begins

to raise her hexagoual cells — not building them up at once, but from time to time

raising them as the young grubs grow: this is all effected by the mother-wasp, un-

assisted by a single worker; and it must be borne in mind, that she works with no

plastic material like wax, and that the hexagonal cells are built, course by course, like

layers of brickwork. There was fortunately in a box upon the table a specimen of a

small nest of a Brazilian wasp, (Polybia): these wasps construct in the first place

a comb of hexagonal cells, having, like that of the common wasp, circular bases; over

the first comb they construct a flat covering or roof, and by this time the grubs are all

full-fed and the cells closed in; the wasps now commence a second comb, and the flat

roof serves as the foundation to build upon: they form no cup-shaped bases, but

build up the walls of the hexagons as regularly as a mason would erect hexagonal

chimneys; in some instances, as might be seen in the nest before the Meeting, only

the foundation of the first plane of the hexagon is laid down, in another case two,

in another three, and so on; but that wasps ever build cylinders, which afterwards

become hexagons, in Mr. Smith’s opinion, has no foundation in fact.

Mr. Tegetmeier added that he did not consider his experiments as conclusive evi-

dence on the subject; he intended to repeat them and to ascertain, if possible, what

use was made of the wax taken from the excavations formed in the pieces of wax

which he provided to the bees, and, with that object in view, proposed to colour the

wax with Alkanet root before placing it on the bars of the hive.

Mr. Tegetmeier exhibited to the Meeting a new observatory hive which he had

lately constructed, having the sides each composed of three plates of glass placed

about a quarter of an inch apart, and each made perfectly air-tight at the junction

with the frame ; by this contrivance he considered a nearly uniform temperature would

be maintained in the hive despite external atmospheric changes.

Part 8 of the current volume of the Society’s ‘ Transactions’ was on the table.

August 2, 1858.

J.O. Westwoop, Esq., V.-P., in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

donors:—‘ The Natural History Review, Vol. v. No.3; presented by the Dublin

University Zoological Association. ‘The Zoologist’ for August; by the Editor.

‘A Manual of British Butterflies and Moths, No. 19; ‘The Entomologist’s Weekly

Intelligencer, Nos. 983—96; by H. T. Stainton, Esq. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for

July; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for July; by the Editor.

Four specimens of Laverva phragmitella; by A. F. Sealy, Esq.

Election of a Member.

George Fenning, Esq., of Lloyd’s, London, was balloted for and elected a Member

of the Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Knaggs exhibited a box of beautiful Lepidoptera and other orders of insects

from Demerara.

Mr.Waring exhibited a fine male specimen of Notodonta bicolora, a species hitherto

unrecorded as British, taken by Mr. Bouchard, in July last, near Killarney.

Mr. Hunter exhibited five specimens of Trochilium Chrysidiformis and Spilodes

palealis, taken near Folkestone.

Dr. Wallace exhibited the following insects, taken in the Isle of Wight this season,

viz., Micra ostrina (two specimens), a species hitherto recorded as British on the

authority of a single example, taken many years since, by the late Captain Blomer, near

Bideford; fine specimens of Spilodes silacealis; a Nola, apparently distinct from the

known British species; and a fine series (including both sexes) of Phibalapteryx gem-

maria, amongst which, he observed, were specimens similar to those recently recorded

in this country as P. fluviata.

Mr. Westwood read a letter from Herr Nietner, received by Mr. Spence, recording

the discovery, in Ceylon, of a Strepsipterous insect, parasitic on anant. Mr. West-

wood exhibited drawings, and read a description of the species, drawn up from the

mutilated examples which accompanied Herr Nietner’s letter, proposing for it the name

of Myrmecolax Nietneri.

Mr. Walker read a paper on ‘ Undescribed Neuroptera in the Collection of W. W.

Saunders, Esq.’

September 6, 1858.

Dr. Gray, President, in the Chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

donors :—‘ Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung,’ Nos.4d—9; presented by the Entomo-

logical Society of Stettin. The ‘ Zoologist’ for September; by the Editor. The

‘Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England, Vol. xix. Part 1; by the

Society. ‘Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, Vol. iii. No. 9; by the

Society. ‘ Catalogue of the Birds in the Museum of the Hon. East India Company,’

by Thomas Horsfield, M. and Ph. D., F. BR. S., Keeper of the Company’s Museum, and

Frederic Moore, Assistant; by the Court of Directors. The ‘Journal of the Society of

Arts’ for August ; by the Society. The‘ Literary Gazette’ for August ; by the Editor.

The Atheneum ’ for August ; by the Editor.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Janson exhibited, on the part of Mr. H. Squire, a box of Coleoptera, collected

by him during a visit which he had just made to the Shetland Isles, and remarked, that

considering the period of the year at which this trip was undertaken, his short stay of

a week only, and the limited district which he had investigated (for the unpropitious

state of the weather had precluded him from extending his excursions beyond three

miles from Lerwick) the series now before the Meeting must be looked upon as highly

satisfactory. The number of species amounts to one hundred and twenty-five, and,

although the major portion of them are forms familiar to every London entomologist,

still there are among them several to which he would direct the attention of the

Meeting.

The first of these is apparently a species altogether new to the British list, the

veritable Nebria (Carabus) nivalis of Paykull, which Drs. Kraatz and Schaum have

recently shown is not identical with N. Gyllenhalli, Schomh., as had been generally

supposed. The specimens now under consideration differ from N.Gyllenhalli (the

ci-devant nivalis of British collections) in having a smaller thorax, which is more

narrowed posteriorly ; the striz on the elytra are much shallowed, and the impressed

points or punctures much more evident; and, moreover, the femora are black, the tibie

and tarsi alone being red.

The second is a Patrobus which does not entirely correspond with the P. excavatus,

Payk., Dawson, differing in having the thorax shorter and more rounded at the sides

and its sculpture coarser; it appears to agree with an insect taken by Mr. Murray in

the Clova Mountains, by the Rev. Hamlet Clark in North Wales, and by Dr. Power

in Lancashire. Mr. Squire, who has compared it with continental specimens of

P. lapponicus, Chand., in the national collection, refers it to that species.

The third is a species of Hydroporus manifestly differing from any at present in our

list, and which the Rev. Hamlet Clark considers will, in all probability, prove to be

the H. Lapponum of Gyllenhal.

Fourthly, Hydroporus halensis.

Fifthly, Otiorbynchus maurus.

And lastly, an Omalium, which is scarcely referrible to any of the recorded species.

Mr. Stevens exhibited a specimen of Pieris Daplidice, taken by Mr. Spencer, near

the South Foreland lighthouse, on the 6th of August last.

The Rev. Hamlet Clark exhibited a box of Coleoptera, recently taken by Dr. Power

in Lancashire, containing an extensive series of Bembidia, and numerous rare

Stapbylinide, &c.; also a singular monstrosity of Bembidium concinnum, having 22

tarsi on one of the fore legs; a specimen of Euryporus picipes, taken at Preston Marsh

by Mr. Graham; and Hydroporus ferrugineus, also from Lancashire, being a new

locality for that rare species. He also exhibited a specimen of Opilus univittatus,

Rossi, a species hitherto considered peculiar to Italy, which had been sent alive in a

pill-box to Mr. Baly, by a lady residing at Malvern.

Mr. Stevens exhibited a small box of insects, sent by Mr. Shield from Monte

Video, containing, amongst other minute Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, a singular

species allied to Claviger, found in ants’ nests, and a Lithocolletis closely allied to

L. lautella of Europe.

Mr. Douglas exhibited an apparently new species of Coleophora, found amongst

Atriplex, at Seaford, in Sussex ; also a small Heterocerus, and a Bryaxis, of which he

had been unable to determine the species, found in the mud under stones in the same

locality.

Mr. McLachlan exhibited an Acrobasis, new to Britain, taken at Forest Hill, which

My. Stainton had pronounced to be A. rubrotibiella of Mann., a species hitherto

only found near Vienna: it is closely allied to A. tumidella, though sufficiently distinct,

as pointed out by Fischer-von-Roslerstamm in his illustrated work.

Mr. Bond exhibited four fine bred specimens of Carpocapsa saltatans, Westw.,

with the pupa cases and seeds from which they had emerged.

Mr. Waring exhibited a singular pale variety of Poecilocampa Populi.

Mr. Adam White exhibited the flat pupa-case of a Cebrionideous genus from North

China, and remarked on the vast field of research still open to entomologists in the

transformations of Coleoptera. He also communicated the following :—

“Mr F. G. Nicolay, a promising young naturalist, who lately went to St. Salvador,

Brazil, sent over, within a week or two of his landing, a box containing the following

insects. The list may be not unworthy the notice of the Members, and its publication

may encourage youthful entomologists to persevere, and ascend from collecting to

observing transfurmations :—

Papilio Thoas Vanessa Lavinia

» Polydamas Anarta Iatrophe

Heliconia Halia >», Amalthea

Evides Dianasa Heterochroa Cytherea

Mechanitis Lysimnia Argynnis Hegesia ?

Agraulis Vanille Didonis Biblis

» dulia Polyommatus and three or four

Danais Gilippus Hesperie.

» Archippus

Terias He : Beetles.

» Mana Phanzas Jasius (very common)

Callidryas Eubule RA principalis

Ageronia Ferentina Cyclocephala melanocephala ? ”

Mr. Tegetmeier observed it was generally believed that pollen was only used as

fuod for the larve of bees, and not by the perfect insects; he had, however, frequently

observed bees on the alighting-board of a hive, especially in dull weather, eating the

pollen from the legs of their companions as they arrived. He had continued the

experiments detailed by him at the July Meeting of the Society, with a view of

ascertaining the cause of the hexagonal form of the cells of the hive bee, and found

that when excavating in a solid mass of wax they always formed cylinders, but on the

sides of the cells approximating they invariably became hexagonal; he considered

therefore that the hexagonal form resulted simply from the cells being constructed with

a view to the greatest economy of space, and not from any predetermined plan on the

part of the bees.

Mr. Lubbock remarked that Mr. Darwin had made similar experiments to those

described by Mr. Tegetmeier, with precisely the same results.

Mr. Smith maintained the assertions made by him at the July Meeting that in

wasps’ nests the cells are constructed of an hexagonal form, and do not acquire it from

compression or any other cause. He exhibited the nest formed by the female of Vespa

vulgaris in the spring, as sufficient proof that the hexagonal form was not caused by

two insects working at the same time at the formation of adjoining cells, as had been

suggested to be the cause with bees ; he also exhibited nests of a South American spe-

cies of Polybia, and of Icaria guttatipennis, in which he observed the outside cells

were as angular as those in the centre of the layers of comb, thus proving that the

hexagonal form could not, in these instances, result from lateral pressure.

Dr. Gray observed that the theory of lateral pressure certainly was not applicable

to the cells of wasps, as they are constructed of a material, which when once hardened

never alters its form.

Mr. Downie exhibited a small observatory hive of his own invention, fixed on the

top of the stock hive, and a hive, constructed by him, with an improved mode of

ventilation.

October 4, 1858.

J. O. Westwoopn, Esq. V.P., in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to

the donors : —‘ Biblotheca Historico-naturalis. Achter Jahrgang, von Ernst A.

Zuchold ;’ presented by the Editor. ‘ Proceedings of the Zvological Society, Nos.

350 to 362; by the Society. ‘Proceedings of the Royal Society, No. 32; by

the Society. ‘ Mémoires d’ Entomologie publiées par la Société Entomologique des

Pays-bas, Livraisons, 4,5 and 6; by the Society. ‘The Journal of the Society of

Arts’ for September; by the Society. ‘The Zoologist’ for October; by the Editor.

‘ The Literary Gazette’ for September; by the Editor. ‘The Atheneum’ for Sep-

tember; by the Editor. ‘The Natural History of the Tineina,’ Vol. iii.; ‘ Manual of

British Moths and Butterflies, Nos. 20 and 21 ; ‘ The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelli-

gencer’ for 1858; the same, No. 105; by H.T. Stainton, Esq. ‘ Monographie des

Elaterides,’ par M. E. Candize, Tome Premier ; by the Author.

Election of Members.

R. H. Mitford, Esq., of Haverstock Place, Hampstead, was ballotted for and

elected a Member; and W. H. Allchin, Esq., 7, Pembridge Villas, Bayswater,

a Subscriber to the Society.

Evhibitions.

Mr. Stainton exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Boyd, some of the latter gentleman’s

most interesting captures in Cornwall this summer, interesting not merely as species

new to our lists, but from the fact that some of these insects had only hitherto been

found in the Mediterranean or at Madeira. ‘The principal species exhibited were

1. Diasemia Ramburialis, of which Mr. Boyd had only taken a single specimen ;

this species was first detected in the Island of Corsica.

2. Gelechia leucomelanella, a conspicuous black and white species, hitherto known

only as a native of Central Europe, bred from Silene maritima.

3. Gelechia Cornubie, n. s. (or a variety of Solutella); this was not scarce among

the Cornish heath (Erica vagans),

4. Gelechia Ocellatella,n.s., bred from Beta maritima; this species had been

obtained in Madeira by Mr. Wollaston.

5. Glyphipteryx schenicolella, n. s., allied to G. oculatella ; these were bred from

the heads of Scheenus nigricans.

6. A series of Hlachista triseriatella and dispunctella, clearly showing that those

two species were merely forms of one and the same.

Mr. A. F. Sheppard exhibited, on behalf of Mr. C. 8. Gregson, specimens

of Peronea Potentillana, Cooke, recently described as a distinct species in the

‘ Zoologist’; Mr. Sheppard expressed his opinion that the insects in question were

varieties of P. Schalleriana.

Mr. Edleston sent for exhibition a series of specimens, from which it was evident

that the so-called species is a mere variety.

Mr. Stevens exhibited some beautiful butterflies taken by Mr. Wallace in Celebes,

amongst which were both sexes of Ornithoptera Remus and O. Haliphron, Papilio

Androcles, and two undescribed species of that genus, some fine Pieride, &c.

Mr. Bond exhibited two bred specimens of Xanthia gilvago, and an example of

Agrotis saucia, in most perfect condition, which was infested by hundreds of a small

Acarus, of a species unknown to the Members present.

Dr. Knaggs exhibited some Noctue, &c. lately taken at Camden Town, observing

that the occurrence of such species close to the metropolis was interesting ; they

included Agrotis saucia, A. corticea, and A. ravida, Gortyna micacea, Endorea Cem-

bre, &c.; he also exhibited some larve of a species of Dynastes, from Demerara, pre-

served in spirits, and a small female of a Termes from the same locality.

Mr. Stevens stated that he has recently been informed by a letter from Mr. H. W.

Bates, that the small pale Scarites taken by him on the Amazons, and briefly charac-

terized by Mr. Westwood, at the February Meeting of the Society, by the name of

Solenogenys feda, was an inhabitant of the nests of white ants.

Mr. Robinson exhibited specimens of Lamophleus Clematidis, found in the stems

of the Clematis Vitalba, near Gravesend.

Mr. Piffard exhibited a collection of insects, consisting chiefly of Coleoptera and

Lepidoptera, which he had recently made in Nova Scotia and the vicinity of Demerara

River.

Memoirs of the Entomological Society of the Netherlands.

Mr. Westwood called attention to the recently published ‘ Memoirs of the

Entomological Society of the Netherlands, as containing many beautiful figures and

valuable papers; he observed that the long illness and subsequent death of Dr. De

Haan had caused the collections at the Leyden Museum to be much neglected ; he

was, however, happy to say that his successor, Mr. 8. C. Snellen van Vollenhoven,

was going energetically to work, and had recently shown hin some excellent

drawings intended to illustrate the work before him. The Leyden Museum was par-

ticularly rich in the insects of the Indian islands, such as the industry of Mr. Wallace

was now adding to our British collections.

Mr. Westwood added that the drawers containing the larger Lepidoptera in the

collection alluded to were constructed with glass bottoms, the insects being pinned to

narrow slips of cork affixed thereto ; this plan obviated the necessity of taking out the

specimens to examine the under side, as to do so it was only necessary to turn the

drawer upside down.

Bees Feeding on Pollen.

Mr. Tegetmeier stated that with a view to prove more satisfactorily that bees

devoured pollen in their perfect state, he had driven the stocks from two ordinary

straw hives into one of his bee hives, placing in the box above it some old comb filled

with pollen, which was speedily eaten by the bees, although as there was a quantity of

syrup in the food-pan, they were certainly not driven to devour it from hunger: he

exhibited the empty comb to the Meeting, observing that the only mention made by

any writer on bees of pollen being eaten by the perfect insects was in ‘ Kirby and

Spence’s Introduction to Bitdurblogiy?

Mr. Tegetmeier added that Mr. Darwin has lately coloured the margin of some

cells in the course of construction, and found that the bees remasticated the coloured

wax and used it in the formation of the cells, thus proving that they can work up old

material.

Cylindrical forms of Cells.

Mr. Smith observed that the theory advanced by Mr. Waterhouse in the ‘ Penny

Cyclopedia,’ of the bees first making cylindrical excavations, only separated from

each other by the thickness of the walls of the intended hexagons at their points of

contact, certainly in his opinion, would render it absolutely necessary that the bee, or

wasp working, should be able to insert its head into the excavations, otherwise, how

could they possibly form the planes of the hexagons? Now, that such could not be

the case in building the cells of the wasp, he was prepared to prove. Mr. Smith ex-

hibited the spring nest of Vespa vulgaris, in which the mother-wasp had constructed

about thirty cells, seven only being carried up to their full height, which contained

each a grub or a pupa, so that no worker had escaped ; the cells being of such a size

that by no possibility could the head of the builder be inserted into them; this, he con-

tended, was in his mind decisive against the theory alluded to, at least it was not

applicable to the building of the nests of the Vespide.

Mr. Smith also called particular attention to a singular fact, namely, that in the

nest of the wasp the smallest cells were built in the spring nests by the largest indi-

vidual, the female; whilst the largest cells, those required for the females and males,

were built in the summer by the smallest individuals, the workers; now, as he under-

stood the Waterhousian theory, the size of the planes of the hexagon, were determined

by the distance the insects excavating could reach with its mandibles, if such were the

case, how was it possible to reconcile the above facts with the theory of the ‘ Penny

Cyclopedia.’

Mr. Westwood could not imagine how the female wasp constructed the beautiful

little nest before the Meeting without inserting her head into the cells, but it evidently

was quite impossible for the insect to do so, as stated by Mr. Smith.

November 1, 1858.

Dr. Gray, President, in the Chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to

the donors:—‘ Annales de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon, Tomes iii. and iv.; pre-

sented by the Societé Linnéenne de Lyon. ‘Annales des Sciences Physiques et

naturelles, d’Agriculture et d’Industrie, publiées par la Société imperiale d’ Agriculture,

&c. de Lyon, 2iéme Serie, Tome viii., 3iéme Serie, Tome i.; by the Society.

‘Mémoires de Académie impériale des Sciences, Belles-lettres et Arts de Lyon.

Classe des Lettres, Tomes v. and vi.; Classe des Sciences, Tomes vi. and vii. ; by the

Society. ‘Verhandlungen des zoologisch-botanischen in Wien,’ Vol. vii.; also

‘ Personen-Orts und Sach Register der fiinf usten Jahrginge der Sitzungsberichte und

Abhandlungen ;’ by the Society. ‘ Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical

Society of Liverpool? No. 12; by the Society. ‘ Exotic Butterflies, Part 28; by

W. W. Saunders, Esq. ‘ List of Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Gollection

of the British Museum,’ by Francis Walker, F.L.S., &c., Part xv. Noctuide ; by the

Author. The ‘ Zoologist’ for November; by the Editor. The ‘ Literary Gazette’

for October ; by the Editor. The ‘ Journal of the Society of Arts ;’ by the Editor. A

‘Manual of British Butterflies and Moths, No. 22; The ‘ Entomologist’s Weekly

Intelligencer’ for October ; by H. T. Stainton, Esq. Six specimens of Agrotis saucia ;

by F. Bond, Esq.

Election of a Member.

Robert Slade, Esq., of 36, Gillingham Street, Pimlico, was balloted for and

elected a member of the Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Stainton exhibited a specimen of a new British Noctua, Micra parva, taken at

Torquay by Dr. Battersby: that gentleman had made a careful investigation of the

cliffs at Torquay, in June last, in consequence of his daughter having met with a

specimen of Micra ostrina, and the result was several more specimens of M. ostrina,

and with them two M. parva, which he at first mistook for small females of M. ostrina:

“they lay very close amongst the grass and brambles, and when disturbed did not fly

more than a yard or two.”

Mr. Gorham exhibited the living larve of Coleophora Virgaurez, from Westerham,

Kent.

Mr. Westwood exhibited beautiful examples of Acherontia Atropos and Sphinx

Convolvuli, and remarked on the usefulness of setting out the legs of specimens of

Lepidoptera, which has hitherto been much neglected by entomologists in this

county.

Mr. Smith exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Plant, the following Coleoptera, viz :—

Tropiderus sepicola, from Buddon Wood; Zeugophora flavicollis, from Martinshaw

Wood, Lincolnshire ; and Orsodacna humeralis, captured in Birkland Forest, Notting-

hamshire.

Mr. Stevens exhibited some fine Coleoptera, taken by Mr. A. R. Wallace in

Celehbes.

Mr. Westwood exhibited an ant, from South America, destitute of eyes ; the

specimen had been obtained by him on his recent visit to Denmark. Mr. Smith

believed the insect pertained to the genus Eciton.

Mr. Bond exhibited, on behalf of Mr. A. F. Sealy, two specimens of Luperina

Dumerilii, taken in the South of England during the past season.

Mr. Stevens read some extracts from a letter received from Mr. Diggles, of More-

ton Bay, on the Entomology of that part of Australia, and stated that he had received

a letter from M. Mouhot, who had undertaken a journey to Siam in quest of

objects of Natural History, announcing his arrival at Sincapore in September

last.

Mr. Wilkins observed that he had lately had a female of Acherontia Atropos

brought to him, which, on being placed under a tumbler, had deposited eggs; it was

usually considered that the autumnal specimens of this and other allied species were

invariably barren.

Mr. Dutton had lately obtained a female of Acherontia Atropos which contained

no ova.

December 7, 1858.

Dr. Gray, President, in the Chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to

the donors:—‘ Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou,’ Année

1857, Nos. 2—4; 1858, No.1; presented by the Society. ‘Journal of the Proceedings

of the Linnean Society, Vol. iii, No. 10; by the Society. The ‘ Natural History

Review,’ Vol. v., No. 4; by the Dublin University Zoological Association. The

‘ Zoologist’ for December; by the Editor. The ‘Atheneum’ for November; by the

Editor. The ‘ Literary Gazette’ for November; by the Editor. The ‘Journal of the

Society of Arts’ for November; hy the Society. A ‘ Manual of British Butterflies

and Moths, No. 23; The ‘ Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer, Nos. 110—114; by

H. T. Stainton, Esy. ‘ Description de diverses espéces nouvelles ou peu connues des

Genre Scolia’ par H. de Saussure; by the Author.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Stevens exhibited a box of minute Coleoptera, chiefly Staphylinide, sent by

Mr. Wallace from Celebes, amongst which were several species of Philonthi and Steni.

He observed that he was informed by Mr. Wallace that the Staphylinidwe were no

doubt as numerous in the tropics as in more temperate regions, if assiduously searched

for.

Mr. Stevens also exhibited two fine longicorn beetles, Phosphorus angulator and

Tragocephala pulchella, from Sierra Leone.

Mr. Bond exhibited a specimen of Acherontia Atropos, having the markings of

both the anterior and posterior wings on the right side much more suffused than

usual.

Dr. Wallace exhibited a box of Lepidoptera taken in the Isle of Wight during

the past summer: it contained a fine specimen of Catephia alchymista, a Noctua new

to Britain, taken in September last; a specimen of Laphygma exigua, attracted by

light, also in September ; Heliothis armigera ; Leucania vitellina ; specimens of Micra

ostrina, taken in June and August, and an example of Nola centonalis, attracted by

light the first week in July.

Mr. Smith exhibited some beech leaves from Fontainebleau Forest, infested by

galls formed by Cecidomyia Fagi: he observed that the species was mentioned by

Mr. Walker in the third volume of the ‘ Insecta Britannica,’ p. 131, as found on beech

trees in Switzerland, &c.

Mr. Smith also exhibited specimens of Ponera contracta, found by Mr. Squire in

a bakehouse near Burton Crescent.

Mr. Westwood observed that the first recorded British example of this species was

found by him in St. James’s Park.

Mr. Westwood exhibited a specimen of Solpuga fatalis, a large and very poisonous

spider from India.

Mr. Westwood stated that the binding of the books in the library of a lady residing

at Oxford had lately been found to be much injured by a Lepidopterous larva,

apparently that of Endrosis fenestrella.

The Secretary read the following, from a letter addressed by Mr. H. W. Bates to

Mr. Stevens :—

“ Ega, September 29th, 1858.

“The two species of Cymindis you mention as interesting things contained in my

last collection were taken under extraordinary circumstances, which I think are wotth

relating, although there is nothing of scientific importance connected with the

subject. One only is a Cymindis, the largest of eight or ten species: I have found

all but this one about roots of herbage in sandy, partly sheltered places ; the other

metallic species, so similar to the Cymindis in its rufous square humeral patch,

is really a Coptodera or new genus allied thereto,—all the allied species of which, at

least twenty taken here, are found coursing over the bark of decaying trees. These

two species, however, were not taken in their proper habitats, but cast ashore on the

sandy beach near the town after a stormy night on the lake. I found them together

with vast multitudes of other insects; in fact, there was a ridge of sediment along the

beach, a mile in length, composed almost entirely of insects. It is remarkable that a

great number of the species I have never been able to obtain in any other manner.

The causes of the phenomenon I suppose to be these,—premising that it occurs only

once annually, atthe end of August, during stormy, changeable weather, which follows

the first heats of the fine season: —a sultry night attracts vast numbers of nocturnal

insects from the forest to fly about over the lake; a squall of cool wind arrives sud-

denly from the opposite shores, and the wind and chilled temperature cast the myriads

of gambolling insects into the water, the swell afterwards casting them on the beach.

It is a proof of the vast number of the nocturnal insects in the tropics. The greater

proportion consists of Coleoptera ; there are also many Hemiptera and moths; even

small birds, Cerabz and others.

“The Coleoptera consist chiefly of vast numbers of Scaritide, from minute species

less than the Dyschirius gibbus of Europe to large Scarites, 14 inch long; some of

them of very singular forms, such as Oxystomus, Stratiotes, and some, I think, new

genera; the most remarkable of which Mr. Westwood has recently described

as Solenogenys feeda. There are also many Truncatipennes, chiefly of genera

Polystichus, Zuphium, Diaphorus, Galerita, Casnonia and Brachinus. Other Geode-

phaga are in less variety, but some species, as a species of Dercylus, are in vast mul-

titudes. Next in numbers to the Scaritides are the Heteromera, chiefly small species

allied to Helops. After them come the Lamellicornes ; grand Dynastes—the Mega-

losome, Mars and Acton, Enema infundibulum, species of Strateegus, Czlosis, Ligy-

rus, Stenocrates, Chalepus and Cyclocephala. Some black species of Chalepus and

Stenocrates especially occur always by thousands. There are also a few Melolonthide,

of the genus Microcranium (Burm.). Amongst the sediment I found also one or two

large handsome Buprestidw. Staphylini occur in less abundance, although there are

great numbers of minute ‘species clinging to portions of wood, and a few very large

species, as Pinophilus torosus, Er., a very large Staphylinidi. The Pselaphide are

also in vast numbers, clustering within the crevices of pieces of wood and rubbish cast

up by the waters. I could only find time to select a few of the more curious species 5

one was a minute Articerus, some others belonged evidently to genera at present un-

known. There were many other large Coleoptera, of which only single specimens

occured, such as two very fine Prionide, one, I think, a Mecosarthron. Numbers of a

Macraspis also occurred,—a genus which I thought were exclusively day-flyers, and it

was a species which I had not yet taken in its place in the forest. There were also

many Coccinelle ; two Cantharides which I have never been able to meet with else-

where; several Anthici, Curculionides, Casside and other families of Coleoptera.

“‘ There are a few Hymenoptera, ants and one or two bees and wasps.

“The Hemiptera were chiefly two or three species of Pachycoride, very handsome

insects, especially one, an Angocoris, but these were rare, whilst a species of Canthe-

cona was in great abundance.

“The greater part of the insects thus cast up by the waters of the lake were quite

dead, others nearly so, whilst many clinging to portions of wood and weeds were alive:

two or three hours of an equatorial sun soon dispersed the latter: of the former, the

large-bodied Lamellicornes became a prey to flocks of insectivorous birds, especially

bands of little sandpipers; they ate only the abdomen: the Carabides and Hemip-

tera they would not touch ; many of them remained entire for many days, others fell to

fragments after being exposed to the sun. The waters of the rivers at this season were

retreating, but the fragments of insects were covered by a stratum of blown sand, and

this may serve to explain the method by which masses of the bodies and mutilated

remains of insects become imbedded in fossiliferous strata.

‘This wholesale destruction of insect life does not occur frequently ; in fact, I

have witnessed it on a large scale only once a year. On many sultry evenings, in the

fine season, numbers of insects are to be seen flying abroad, but the various conditions

required for the grand immolation do not combine frequently. I have found many

interesting Coleopterous insects by standing in a favorable place on the banks of the

river, and observing them as they pass; it is necessary to have the clear western sky

in the background. The insects are Very uncertain in their appearance; it is not even

every sultry night that proves favorable; they appear to be acted upon by atmospheric

conditions which we cannot ourselves appreciate or calculate. Many of the insects

taken flying in this way are the same as those found drowned on the beach, as related

above, especially the Scaritidz, the Polystichi, Heteromera, &c.; but many others are

different,—for instance, many small Longicornes, especially Chrysoprasis, are eminently

day-insects.

“‘One evening on the banks of the Amazons at St. Paulo I witnessed an extraor-

dinary flight of Coleoptera, almost all Scaritidx ; there was literally a shower of them,

nearly all the same species—some twenty or thirty—which I had previously found at

Ega, on the beach. These insects are extremely difficult to find in their proper habi-

tats; of the thirty or more species of Scaritide found flying in the evening, I have

not taken more than five or six in sité, and those at roots of herbage in shady places.

Sometimes these nocturnal insects may be attracted by a lamp at night, placed in a

favorable place, but a prolific night rarely occurs; in this way I have taken a great

variety of Pselaphide, Searitide, including the Solenogenys feeda; Staphylinide,

including some extraordinary forms allied to Ophites; also Palpicornes, Calleide,

even Cicindele ; numbers of Harpalide, geuus Selenophorus, but no Longicornes,

for many night-flying insects appear not to be attracted by light.”

Mr. Stevens stated that Mr. Bates proposed to return to England in the spring of

next year, having spent the last eleven years in the investigation of the Eutomology

of the region of the Amazons.

Mr. Westwood trusted he would receive a hearty welcome from the entomologists

of this country, whose collections he had enriched with South-American insects to a far

greater extent than had been done by any other individual.

Mr. Stainton read descriptions of twenty-five new species of Indian Micro-

Lepidoptera received from Mr. Atkinson, of Calcutta.

Mr, Waterhouse read a paper intituled “ Notes on the Species of Elateride in the

Stephensian Cabinet.”

January 3, 1859.

Dr. J. KE. Gray, President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to

the donors:—‘ Transactions of the Zoological Society of London,’ Vol. iv., Part 5;

presented by the Society. ‘On the Arrangement of the Cutaneous Muscles of

the Larva of Pygera bucephala, by John Lubbock, Esq., F.R.S., L.S., G.S., &c.; by

the Author. ‘Exotic Butterflies, Part 29; by W. W. Saunders, Esq. * Mono-

graphie des Gomphines,’ par Edm. DeSelys Longchamps, Membre de l’Académie

Royale des Sciences de Belgique et de plusieurs autres Académies et Sociétés

Savantes; avec la collaboration de M. le Docteur Hagen, de Koenigsberg; by

the Author. ‘The Journal of the Royal Dublin Society,’ Vol. i.; by the Society.

‘Proceedings of the Zoological Society, Nos. 363—369; by the Society. The

‘Zoologist’ for January; by the Editor. The ‘Atheneum’ for December; by the

Editor. The ‘ Literary Gazette’ for December; by the Editor. The ‘Journal of the

Society of Arts’ for December; by the Society. The ‘ Entomologists’ Annual’ for

18595; ‘A Manual of British Butterflies and Moths,’ No. 24; The ‘ Entomologists’

Weekly Intelligencer, Nos. 115—118; by H. 'T. Stainton, Esq.

Election of a Member.

George 8. Mosse, Esq., of Eldon Road, Kensington, was balloted for and elected

a Member of the Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited a specimen of Tachyusa concolor of Kraatz = Homa-

lota concolor, Hrichs. ‘The insect was found at the uppermost of the Highgate Ponds,

on the 25th of May, 1855. Latterly, Dr. Power has taken the same species at

Barnes Common and at the Hammersmith Marshes.

Mr. Waterhouse also exhibited a specimen of Symbiotes latus of Redtenbacher,

which he found in sweeping the herbage in a wood near Ryde, in the Isle of Wight,

in the summer of 1854: Mr. Waterhouse believed this was the first occurrence of the

genus Symbiotes in England.

Mr. Janson observed that he believed the discovery in Britain of Tachyusa

concolor was due to Dr. Power, from whom he had received the species some months

back; he had likewise seen it in the collection of Mr. H. Adams; Mr. Squire

had also met with it at Hammersmith, and had long since placed it in his cabinet

with its legitimate specific appellation.

With respect to Symbiotes latus, Red¢., Mr. Janson remarked that he had been for

some time past perfectly familiar with it as a British insect. He had first taken it

beneath the loose bark of a dead tree, in which a formidable.colony of Formica flava

had established itself for some years; the beetles were moving about amongst the ants.

Redtenbacher says (Faun. Austr. 2nd Ed. 371) that “the species” of this genus, of

which he describes two, “ live among ants.” That Symbiotes latus is not, however,

a myrmecophilon, in the strict sense of the term, Mr. Janson stated he had

subsequently satisfied himself, as he had found several individuals subsisting on a

species of mould growing on a rotten elm stump, more than a mile distant from the

spot in which he had first discovered it, and certainly unaccompanied by any

ant. Mr. Janson added that Microchondrus (G@uérin), Wollaston, Ins. Mad, 196

(1854) was coincident with Symbiotes, Redt., and that he should probably have occa-

sion to return to this subject at a future Meeting.

Mr. Stevens exhibited some Coleoptera from the interior of Peru, amongst which

were a fine new species of Psalidognathus allied to P. Friendii, and an Agaocephala

very distinct from all known species of that genus.

Mr. A. F. Sheppard exhibited some Coleoptera taken at Geelong, Victoria.

Mr. Janson exhibited a specimen of Oxypo.ta spectabilis, Maerkel, Germar,

Zeitschr. £. d. Entom. v. 217, 47 (1844) ; Kraatz. Naturgesch. d. Ins. Deutsch. ii.

162, 2 (1856), taken by Mr. R. Hislop, near Falkirk, during the past season,

transmitted him by that gentleman for identification. He remarked that the insect

had been first found in Saxony associated with Formica fuliginosa, and was hence

considered and described by Herr Maerkel as myrmecophilous, but it was sub-

sequently taken near Berlin, among damp fallen leaves, unaccompanied by ants: the

individual exhibited occurred “ amongst grass.” Dr. Kraatz, /. c., gives it as a dis-

tinct species, stating, however, that it appears to him not improbable that it will ulti-

mately prove to be a dark form of O. ruficornis, Gyll., but that a long series

of examples was requisite, in order definitely to determine this question. Mr. Janson

had carefully compared the present specimen with four individuals of O. ruficornis,

Gyll., Kraaiz, and had been unable to detect any structural distinctions, the

only point of disparity being in colour: thus, O. spectabilis has pitchy black

antenne, the three basal joints alone red, the thorax and elytra likewise pitchy black,

the humeral angles of the latter rufous. QO. ruficornis has the antennz and lateral

margins of the thorax rufous, the elytra rufo-testaceous, with the region of the scu-

tellum dusky.

Mr. Edwin Shepherd exhibited a specimen of Stenus palustris, Erich., a species

hitherto unrecorded as British, taken by Mr. F. Bond, in the fens near Cambridge.

Mr. Adam White exhibited a sketch of a curious Isopodous Crustacean, receutly

sent home by F. M. Rayner, Esq., Surgeon of H.M.S. Herald, and taken by him on

Flinders and Hummock Island; it belongs to the family Sphewromide, but is

distinguished from every isopod hitherto described or seen by Mr. White, in having

a long horny projection from the epistome; the facetted eyes are conspicuous on each

side of the same segment ; with them isa projecting horn shorter than the middle one.

He named it Cephaloniscus Grayanus, in compliment to the keeper of the zoological

collections at the British Museum. Mr. White also made some remarks on the order

Isopoda. _

Mr. Stainton exhibited, on behalf of tha Rev. H. A. Pickard, a specimen of

Plutella Annulatella, remarkable as having been taken in a new locality, the Isle of

Portland, and as being much whiter than ordinary specimens. The only previous

localities in this country recorded for this insect, were the North of England (near

Neweastle-on-Tyne), the North of Ireland and Scotland; from the greater contrast

of colour in this Portland specimen, it was far prettier than the northern form of the

species.

Dr. Allchin exhibited a large Noctua allied to Catocala, said to have been taken

near Bolton, Lancashire; he had been unable to identify it with any species

contained in the extensive general collection of Noctuz in the British Museum

Mr. Walker made the following remarks:—‘At a former Meeting, on the occasion

of the exhibition of a horn-shaped gall inhabited by a Thrips, discovered by

Mr. Foxcroft, at Sierra Leone, I observed that it resembled the horn-shaped gall of

the lime-leaf, and that I had not discovered the insect which is the cause of the latter

excrescence ; but I have since found that its history has been investigated long ago

by the botanist under-mentioned : —‘ Observations Physiologiques sur le development

des gales corniculées de la feuille de tilleul de Hollande, et sur la cause qui les

produit. Par P. J. F. Turpin.’ (Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Institut. Fr. vi. 1835).” He

noticed that it was inhabited by a mite, which he named Sarcoptes Gallarum Tilie,

and of which he traced the development from the egg to the perfect insect. He

observes that it is not certain whether the mite is the cause of the formation of the

gall, in which it does not occur before the middle of May nor after the middle

of August, and, therefore, its mode of life during nine months of the year is

still unknown. Another horn-shaped gall appears on the leaves of the beech, and is

quite distinct from the pyramidal gall lately mentioned here as the habitation

of Ocidomyia Fagi.

Mr. Smith communicated a paper intituled “A Contribution to the History of

Stylops, with an enumeration of such species of Exotic Hymenoptera as have been

found to be attacked by these parasites.”

Mr. Waterhouse read the following papers: —“ A List of the British Species of

Latridius.” “A Revision of the British Species of Corticaria.”

Part ix. of the current volume of the Society’s ‘Transactions, published in

December, was on the table.

Anniversary Meeting, January 24, 1859.

Dr. Gray, President, in the chair.

Messrs. J. Lubbock, E. Sheppard, H. T. Stainton and G. R. Waterhouse were

elected Members of the Council, in the room of Messrs. F. Bond, W. W. Saunders,

J.T.Syme and J. O. Westwood. Dr.J.E.Gray was re-elected President; 8. Stevens,

Esq., Treasurer ; and Messrs. E. Shepherd and E. W. Janson, Secretaries.

The Report of the Library and Cabinet Committee and the Treasurer’s accounts

were read and received; the latter showed a balance in favour of the Society of

£266 13s. 2d.

The President delivered an Address on the affairs of the Society, and the general

progress of Entomology, for which the Meeting passed a cordial vote of thanks.

Report of the Library and Cabinet Committee for 1858.

We beg to report that all the typical specimens having been selected from

the Society’s Collection of Exotic Insects, the remainder was disposed of at public

auction in April last, and the sum of £274 9s. was realized thereby above all necessary

expenses of sale.

In pursuance of the Resolution previously agreed to by the Society, that the pro-

ceeds of such sale should be devoted to the purchase of Entomological works wanting

in our library, whenever favorable opportunities of doing so might occur, we have to

report that the sum of £46 7s. was expended at the sale of the late Mr. Heysham’s

library, in July last, and we have to congratulate the Society on the important addi-

tions of standard Entomological works made to our library on that occasion,—in parti-

cular we may mention a perfect original copy of Hiibner’s ‘ European Lepidoptera.’

A further sum of £35 5s. has been expended in binding such of our books as most

required it, and in preparing a perfect manuscript Catalogue of the entire Library,

which we recommend to be printed forthwith, in as compact a form as possible for the

use of our members.

The removal of the Exotic Insects from our Cabinets having left the Society most

ample accommodation for the collection of British Insects, we have to solicit our mem-

bers to assist us, not only with specimens of such species as we do not possess, but also

in the necessary task of re-arranging the cullections.

JOHN EDWARD GRAY.

W. WILSON SAUNDERS.

FRANCIS P. PASCOE.

FREDERICK SMITH.

EDWIN SHEPHERD.

Abstract of the Treasurer's Accounts for 1858.

RECEIPTS.

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PAYMENTS.

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PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 1859.

February 7, 1859.

Dr. Gray, President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to the

donors:—‘An Accentuated List of the British Lepidoptera, with hints on the derivation

of the names,’ published and presented by the Entomological Societies of Oxford and

Cambridge. ‘ List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the

British Museum, by Francis Walker, F.L.S., &c., Part xvi., Deltoides ; by the Author.

‘ Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society,’ vol. iii. No. 2; by the Society.

‘The Zoologist’ for February ; by the Editor. ‘ The Journal of the Society of Arts

for January ; by the Society. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for January ; by the Editor.

‘The Atheneum’ for January ; by the Editor. ‘A Manual of British Butterflies and

Moths, No. 25 ; ‘ The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer,’ Nos. 119—122; by H.T.

Stainton, Esq. ‘ Proceedings of the Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club,’ vol. iv. No. 2;

by the Club. ‘ Catalogue of Hispidz in the Collection of the British Museum, by

Joseph S. Baly, M.E.S., &c., Part I.; by the Author. ‘ Stettiner Entomologische

Zeitung, Nos. 10—12, for 1858 ; by the Entomological Society of Stettin.

Nomination of Vice-Presidents.

The President nominated Messrs. F. Smith, H. T. Stainton and G. R. Waterhouse

Vice-Presidents for the year.

Election of a Member.

Godfrey Howitt, Esq., M.D. of Melbourne, Victoria, was balloted for and elected

a Member of the Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Stevens exhibited a box of insects received from Mr. Bates, containing a beau-

tiful series of Micro-Lepidoptera from the Upper Amazon ; and some fine Coleoptera

taken by Mr. A. R. Wallace in Amboina, amongst which were Euchirus longimanus,

some new and beautiful species of Buprestide and Anthribidw, a magnificent new species

of Batocera, and a fine Prionus also new to Science.

Mr. Pascoe has furnished the following diagnoses of two fine longicorns in this

Collection :—

Monchammus Grayti. M.aterrimus; prothorace antice, elytrisque fasciis quatuor,

et macula basali hirtis, ochraceis, his chalybeo-atris, nitidis, parce punctatis.

Long. 13 lin.

Dixi in hon. J. KE. Gray, Ph.D., Ent. Soc. Lond. Prases., &c., &c.

Agnia fasciata.—A. aterrima ; elytris parce punctatis, fasciis quatuor hirtis,

ochraceis. Long. 9 lin.

Precedenti facie simillima, sed Agnia, Newm., genus bene distinctum, pertinet.

Mr. Janson exhibited a series of Symbiotes latus, Redtenbacher [Faun. Austr. Ist ed.

198, 184 (1849), 2nd ed. 371, 382 (1857), Gerstaecker, Mon. Endom. 400, 1 (1858)]

illustrating the variations in size and colour to which this species is subject. These

specimens were captured by himself, within the London district, on the 30th of June,

14th of July, and on the 8th and 29th of August, 1858, and, as previously stated, in

localities upwards of a mile apart. He remarked that he had experienced no difficulty

in determining, within a few hours of first meeting with this insect, the genus to which

it pertained, the analytical method pursued by Dr. Redtenbacher, in his admirable

work above cited, and the clearness and precision of his generic characters, affording

peculiar facilities to the student ; but having advanced thus far, safe progress was inter-

dicted, for, although Dr. Redtenbacher’s description of S. latus satisfactorily applied, in

most respects, to the insect before the Meeting, two, apparently important, discrepancies

presented themselves, namely, that of his S. latus the author distinctly says that the

thorax has “ the upper surface smooth, shining, not punctured,” and “ the interstices

between the strie of the elytra not punctured,” whereas, in all the individuals of the

insect under consideration, the prothorax is conspicuously, although minutely and

sparsely, punctured, and the insterstices of the elytral strie present numerous irregularly

disposed punctures, very evident throughout the basal moiety, but obsolete on the apical

half. Under these circumstances he had considered it right to defer bringing the

insect before the Society until he had ascertained its legitimate appellation, for which

purpose he had intended to transmit specimens to Vienna on the first opportunity

which should present itself. In the meanwhile, however, Dr. Gerstaecker’s valuable

‘ Monographie der Familie Endomychide,’ Berlin, 1858, came to hand, in which the

genus Symbiotes is treated, and the species fully described, and at once all doubt as to

the identity of our insect and S. latus, Redt., was dispelled. As the present insect so

closely resembles in its facies the common Mycetea hirta, Marsh., Steph., that it may

be very pardonably confounded with it (its usually larger size and more parallel elytra

might perhaps betray it), the following comparison of the characters of the two nearly

allied genera, jotted down some months back for a friend, may prove acceptable to

English students :—

Mycret@a.

Antenne. With the first joint of the

triarticulate club very little wider

than the preceding (8th).

Labrum. Transverse, truncate.

Maxille. With the two lobes nearly

equal in length.

SyMBIOTEs.

With the first joint of the triarticulate

club conspicuously wider than the pre-

ceding (8th), very nearly as wide as the

succeeding (10th).

Transverse, slightly emarginate.

With the inner lobe very short and

narrow

Max. Palpi. With the apical joint

elongate-ovate, acuminate.

Lab. Palpi. With the second and third

joints nearly equal in width.

With the apical joint ovate obliquely

truncate.

With the third joint much wider than

the second (penultimate), globose.

Mr. Smith exhibited the nest of a species of Larrade, and that of Sphex Lanierii,

Guérin, and read the following .—

Observations on two Species of Fossorial Hymenoptera which construct exterior

Nests.

“The varied economy of the fossorial division of the aculeate Hymenoptera, equals,

if it does not exceed, that of the Mellifera. The name proposed by Mr. Westwood for

the former division, “‘ Insectivora,” is by far the most characteristic, since all the fos-

sors provision their nests with other insects. As far as my knowledge of the habits

of the British species enables me to judge, I believe the majority to be fossorial ; some,

however, burrow in wood, whilst others avail themselves of ready-formed burrows, &c.,

adapted to their purposes, never, as far as I have observed, forming tunnels or recep-

tacles for their cells: this appears to be the habit of the species of the Genera Sapyga

and Pemphredon.

“ Our knowledge of the economy of Exotic species is very limited ; I have had the

pleasure of bringing before the Society some very interesting observations, made by

M. Guenzius at Port Natal, upon various species of Hymenoptera, some belonging to

the fossorial division. Mr. Bates has also contributed occasional notices of the habits

of various species of these insects. In a collection lately received from the latter

gentleman, a nest with the insect which constructed it was received, than which nothing

could be more at variance with our preconceived ideas of the habits of the genus to

which it belongs: the insect is a species of Larrada; the nest is composed apparently,

as Mr. Bates suggests, of the scrapings of the woolly texture of plants; it is attached

to a leaf, having a close resemblance to a piece of German tinder ora piece of sponge.

With the first nest of this description forwarded by Mr. Bates was received a note, to

the effect that he saw the insect issue from it, and he supposed it to be the builder; a

second nest has, however, been received with the information that he had now no doubt

of the nest being constructed by the Larrada, as he had observed it repeatedly busy in

its construction. I have raised the nest from the leaf, and found four or five pupa-

cases of a dark brown, thin, brittle consistency.

“T am not aware of any similar habit of building an external nest having been pre-

viously recorded ; our British species of the closely-allied genus Tachytes, are burrowers

in the ground, particularly in sandy situations ; their anterior tarsi are strongly ciliated,

the claws bifid and admirably adapted for burrowing. On examining the insect which

constructed the nest now exhibited, I find the legs differently armed ; the anterior pair

are not ciliated, and the claws are simple and slender, clearly indicative of a peculiar

habit, differing from its congeners, and how admirably is this illustrated in the nest

before us.

*“‘ Another nest, also sent by Mr. Bates from Ega, is equally interesting ; it is that

of a species of Sphex, I believe the Sphex Lanierii of Guérin: this is constructed of

a cottony substance, which fills a tunnel formed by a large curled leaf. Here we have

another instance of economy at variance with our preconceived notions of the habits of

the genus ; we have hitherto regarded the species as being pre-eminently fossorial, and

upon examing a large number of individuals I find they have the anterior tarsi very

strongly ciliated, and all the tibiw strongly spinose. On examining the Sphex which

constructed the nest in the rolled leaf, the anterior tarsi are found to be very slightly

ciliated, and the tibia almost destitute of spines, thus affording another instance

proving that difference of structure is indicative of difference of habit.”

Mr. Tompkins exhibited three species of Psychide hitherto unrecorded as British,

viz.:—P. roboricolella, Bruand, bred June 26, 1858; P. salicolella, Bruand, bred

June 23,1858; P. tabulella, Bruand, taken July 24, 1854 flying about beeches at

Mickleham ; the names were determined from Bruand’s Monograph of the family.

Mr. Stainton exhibited specimens of the coloured plates which were intended to

illustrate Mr. Logan’s projected work on the Lepidoptera of Scotland, on which the

transformations of the following species were beautifully delineated, viz. :—Poly-

ommatus Artaxerxes, Agrotis lucernea, Lampronia rubiella, L. quadripunctella and

Lozotenia costana.

Mr. Westwood exhibited the larva of Anobium striatum commonly known as the

“ bookworm,” and a living larva of Phlogophora meticulosa, found feeding on

southern-wood, which he considered a very extraordinary food-plant for the insect.

Entomology of the Cape of Good Hope.

Mr. Adam White read the following extracts from a letter addressed to him by

R. Trimen, Esq., dated Knysua, Cape of Good Hope, November 15, 1858 :—

“‘ My experience in this part of the world since last July tends to show that the

entomologist in South Africa must not expect an abundance of active insect life; as

yet I have not in any place seen as many insects congregated and visible at one time

as in the woods of England in June or July. As far as the Lepidoptera are concerned,

T have found it hitherto almost impossibte to discover the metropolis of any species ;

with the exception of some common Pieride and Hipparchia, which are to be found

everywhere, the butterflies appear to be scarce. In this district the entomologist

requires a great deal of patience, for the nature of the woods—with their rotting stumps,

fallen logs, stones and immense variety of thorns—renders chasing insects an impossi-

bility, and the only way is to stand quietly in some sunny nook, and catch them as

they successively visit the spot. The following will show you the respective pro-

portions of the several genera of butterflies, as far as I have been able to obtain

them, up to this time, and as well as I can make out the number of species :—

Papilio : : : ss Euplea : : : 1

Colias 1 Acrea . . 2

Pieris : - 3 Polyommatus . : ° 8

Anthocharis. 1 Chrysophanus . 1

Erebia : : : 3 Zeutis . : : a

Mycalesis (?) . : : | Thymele_ . : : x 2

Euryteia. F é s 1 Steropes ‘i : 3 2

Cynthia . : - : 1 Pamphila . : - 2

Philognomes ; ; 1 ? ; = : 2

Salamis . : . . i

“Of moths I have upwards of 120 species, of which Geometre and Pyrales form

the greater proportion ; of Sphingide I have but five species, one Syntomis, two

Anthrocera, one Smerinthus and one Trochilium. Sugar does not seem to succeed

here in attracting them; I sugared twice without the least success, and the third time

only found two moths, on sugared flowers. Light succeeds well on certain nights, and

I have obtained a good many in that way.

“ November 19. It has been very warm all the week and insects are visibly increasing

in numbers every day. I have taken another Anthocharis (I think Danae), Danais

Chrysippus, a beautiful Zygena, intermediate between Procris and Syntomis, &c.

“ My collection of beetles comprises about ninety species of larger size and a good

number of small species. The Lamellicorns constitute the most numerous section of

the Coleoptera here, and many of the species are very curious and striking in their

appearance. The whole district is overrun by numbers of juvenile green and black

locusts, which hang in hundreds on the shrubs and plants, and strip them of their

leaves and young shoots in a very short time. The day before yesterday I sawa

Bittacus (of a species very common here) carrying a large fly along by one of its hind

tarsi: the fly had evidently been abstracted from a spider's web, as it was wrapped in a

webby shroud.

“Tt is worthy of remark how few species of Lepidopterous larva I can find;

I imagine the greater number of them must feed at night, or high up on the

trees.

“ December 5.—I am going to morrow to some large woods near at hand to endea-

vour to obtain some wondrous butterflies I have been informed of ; they have, according

to my informant (an observant old farmer), ‘ hard wings’ which ‘ snap’ when they fly ;

they keep entirely within the forests, and are found sucking the sap from the Polygale

that grow there: I thought of Cicade, and suggested them to my informant, but he

knew the latter well, and insisted that those he meant were butterflies ; and that there

were several kinds, all large, and one with two tails on each hind wing. The only one

I have in my descriptions as possessing two tails on each wing is Charaxes Xiphzus ;

it is probably that species.

“ December 13.—I have been out to-day in the woods, from 8 a Mm. to 3 p.M., but

although I visited the express woods mentioned by my informant, I saw nothing of

the ‘ snap-wing’ butterflies he described ; indeed, though a splendid hot day, I saw

very little in the insect way in the forest itself, though near it I captured a large and

beautiful Trochilium, which must, I think, be quite new to Science, and some fine

specimens of Danais Chrysippus.”

Mr. White observed that no doubt the snapping sound alluded to was similar to

that produced by the Agerone.

Mr. Waterhouse read a paper entitled “ Notes on the British species of Hetero-

cerus.”

The President announced that the Council had resolved that all Members and

Subscribers, whether residents in London or otherwise, shall in future be entitled to

receive the Transactions of the Society gratuitously.

March 7, 1859.

Dr. Gray, President, in the Chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to the

donors :—‘ The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London,’ Vol. xxii. Pt. 3 ; pre-

sented by the Society. ‘ Konigliga Svenska Fregatten Eugenias Resa omkring Jorden

under Befal’ af C. A.Virgin, aren 1851—1853 ; by the Royal Academy of Sciences of

Stockholm. ‘An Accentuated List of British Lepidoptera, 3 copies ; by the Entomo-

logical Societies of Oxford and Cambridge. ‘ Journal of the Proceedings of the

Linnean Society, Supplement to Botany, No. 1; by the Society. ‘ Proceedings of the

Royal Society,’ Vol. ix. No. 33; by the Society. ‘The Journal of the Royal Agri-

cultural Society of England,’ Vol. xix, Part 2; by the Society. ‘ Tijdschrift voor

Entomologie uitgegeven door de Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereiniging,’ Vol. ii.,

Parts 2 and 3; by the Netherlands Entomological Society. ‘ Insecta Caffrarie,’ Part

ii.; by the Author, Professor C. H. Bohemann. ‘ The Zoologist’ for March; by the

Editor. ‘ The Atheneum ’ for February ; by the Editor. ‘ The Literary Gazette’ for

February ; by the Editor. ‘ The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for February ; by the

Society. ‘A Manual of British Butterflies and Moths, No. 26; ‘ The Entomologist’s

Weekly Intelligencer,’ Nos. 124—127; by H. T. Stainton, Esq. ‘ Linnea Entomo-

logica,’ Vol. xiii; by the Entomological Society of Stettin. ‘ Description of New

Species of Phytophagous Beetles ; by the Author, J. S. Baly, Esq. ‘ A Catalogue of

British Coleoptera, Part 2; by the Author, G. R. Waterhouse, Esq.

Election of a Member and a Subscriber.

The Rev. Evan Lewis, B.A., of Rothwell, Northamptonshire, was balloted for, and

elected a Member, and W. B. Tegetmeier, Esq., of Muswell Hill, a Subscriber to the

Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Stevens exhibited two specimens of Petasia nubeculosa, which had that morning

emerged from the pupz : he had reared the larve from eggs received from Perthshire,

and the insects had passed two winters in the pupa state.

Mr. Stevens also exhibited some butterflies, chiefly Pieride, sent from Siam by

M. Mouhot, and some beautiful Micro-Lepidoptera, taken by Mr. Diggles at Moreton

Bay.

Mr. Douglas exhibited a box containing 1300 specimens of Coleoptera, taken

during the last month, chiefly in the neighbourhood of Lee, but a few were from

Hammersmith Marshes and Darenth Wood, amongst them were the following :-—

Stenus solutus. Stevolophus exiguus

» pubescens Gyrophena lucidula

Sunius intermedius Euryusa laticollis

Calodera wxthiops Homalota flavipes Poni

= nigrita Thiasophila angulata vesiaval

55 riparia Quedius brevis Barats

Phlcopora reptans Saprinus piceus Bier

Sericoderus lateralis Dendrophilus pygmzus ;

Oxypoda n. sp.?

Mr. Douglas also exhibited a monstrous species of Pulex found in grass at the

margin of a pond, and some larve, supposed to be those of Trinodes hirtus, found under

loose bark of oak, also a specimen of Rhyzophagus politus, Hellw., Fab., a species new

to Britain, taken by sweeping in a ditch at Lee, in June.

Mr. Westwood exhibited a drawing of the larva of a species of the Dipterous

Genus Thereva, remarkable for the anomalous development of the abdominal seg-

ments which were comparatively of so large a size, each being also transversely

divided by an impression that there appeared to be double the usual number of joints,

which added to the head, three thoracic segments (of the usual size) and the anal

segment give the appearance of twenty-one segments, being eight more than

the usual number; the eight abdominal segments being as it were duplicated,

the alternate ones presenting a minute lobe on each side: the head is extremely small

and dark-coloured, and the whole insect has the appearance of an elongated wire-

worm. He had received it from Mr. Mitford, who had found it to be carnivorous,

feeding on the pupe of Aleucis pictaria. It has also been found to have destroyed

several pupa of the Sphinx Ligustri. No previous indication of its carnivorous habits

had been recorded, nor had the peculiar structure of the abdominal segments been

previously described.

Mr. Westwood also exhibited three species of insects recently received by him from

Mr. Neitner at Ramboddo, in Ceylon, which have been found by that gentleman to

be injurious to the coffee plantations. These consist of a species of Coccide

(Lecunium Coffee) the scales of which infest the leaves in immense numbers;

a minute moth, which Mr. Stainton thinks is referrible to the genus Gracilaria, and

distinct from the Elachista coffeella of Guérin, which appears to belong to the genus

Bucculatrix 3 the larve of this little moth mine the leaves of the coffee, as do also

the larve of the third insect, a minute species of Muscidae, which Mr. Haliday,

to whom it had been referred, regards as belonging to the genus Agromyza.

Mr. Westwood also exhibited various insects which had been found to be injurious

tv books, in the Bodleian Library, where a careful hunt after book-worms is now

going on. In addition to small cockroaches and Lepisme (generally dead and

crushed) two, if not three species of Anobium (A. striatum and A. paniceum), and

their larve were more commonly found; the latter gnawing the interior of the

bindings as well as perforating the leaves. He considered that the larve might be

destroyed by placing the infected volumes in a large close box in which a small

quantity of benzine collas had been dropped.

He also exhibited an insect which he had received some time previously from Mr.

Backhouse, of Gateshead, as a gigantic flea, and which he had exhibited to the

Society on the 4th of May, 1857 (without, however, having previously had an oppor-

tunity of carefully examining it), and for which he then suggested the name of Pulex

Imperator. He had, however, recently examined the insect more minutely, and had

ascertained that it was a very young larva of a Blatta, much distorted by being crushed

flat in rather an oblique position, and with most of the limbs broken off. A small por-

tion of the base of one of the multiannular antenne was visible in such a situation

as to seem like a part of the mouth, but on microscopically examining it, as well as

the portions of the legs still remaining, it became evident that the insect was not a flea,

and on dissecting the mouth, its true character was at once detected.

Captain Cox exhibited some beautiful drawings of the larve of Lepidoptera,

including those of Carpocapsa saltatans, Westw., Phlogophora empyrea, Nyssia hispi-

daria, &c.

Mr. Stevens exhibited, on behalf of Signor De Tivoli, some larve of Lepidoptera,

spiders and other insects, preserved by having been immersed in a chemical solution

which had the effect of hardening them; in some instances the form and colour were

well preserved.

Mr. Gorham exhibited a specimen of Tachyusa concolor, recently found by him at

Chelsea Water-works.

Mr. Janson called attention to the recently pnblished Catalogue of European Cole-

optera, by Dr. Schaum, in which were many modifications and alterations, amongst

which he might mention the Strepsiptera being included in it as a family of Cole-

optera.

Mr. Adam White mentioned that be had just received an interesting letter from

Mr. Gloyne, now a student in Geneva. Mr. Gloyne had been making excursions in

the neighbourhood of that Swiss city, and was struck with the occurrence of species of

Coleoptera not met with in Great Britain, but associated with species of common

occurrence in our islands. He had not himself taken Omophron limbatum, but a

friend of Mr. Gloyne’s found that curious geodephagous beetle in banks, by pouring

water on them here and there, when little groups of eight or ten individuals were some-

times met with.

Mr. White also remarked that he was glad to see in Dr. Schaum’s new ‘ Catalogue

of the European Coleoptera, that the learned chief compiler of that Catalogue had

separated the Brenthide from the Curculionidae, and placed them close to the Longi-

corn Beetles.

Mr. White added that he had, some time back, tried to show at a Meeting of the

Linnean Society, where he had exhibited the specimen of the rare Hypocephalus

Desmarestii, belonging to J. Aspinall Turner, Esq., M.P., that Hypocephalus

belonged to the Longicorns, and was close to Dorysthenes. He had then dwelt on

the Brenthide not being far removed from the Longicorns ; some, such as the great

Eutrachelus Temminckii of Java, showing this affinity most markedly. He alluded

to Mr. Curtis’s paper on that insect, with its fine drawing. Mr. White expressed

himself pleased that in a Catalogue like Schaum’s, philosophical arrangement,

founded on an extensive study of the Coleoptera of all countries, had led Dr. Schaum

to place Amorphocephalus, the solitary European representative of the Brenthide,

just before the Longicorns.

The Secretary read a letter from L. Lardner, Esq., accompanying some living

larve, apparently of a species of Curculio, from Calcutta, feeding on poppy seeds,

received from Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy.

Mr. Stevens read the following extract from a letter just received, addressed to

him by Mr, A. R. Wallace, dated Batchian, Moluccas, October 29th, 1858 :—

“ As there is now a boat going which may just catch the mail at Ternate, I write

a few lines to let you know of my having arrived here safe and commenced operations.

I came here in a small hired boat with my own men, luckily it was fine weather, or

100 miles at sea with no means of cooking and only room for one day’s water, would

have been more than unpleasant. I stopped five days at the Kaiod Islands, just half

way, and gota nice collection of beetles, a fair number of new species, and some

curious varieties of those before found at Ternate and Gilolo. I have only been here

five days, but from what I have already done, and the nature of the country, I am

inclined to think it may prove one of the best localities I have yet visited ; I have

already twenty species of Longicorns new to me, nothing very grand, but many pretty

and very interesting ; the most remarkable is one of the Bornean genus, Triammatus,

also several species of the elegant little genus Serixia, which have been very scarce or

absent since I left Sarawak ; I have also an elegant new Pachyrhynchus, a fine Ips,

a small new Cicindela, and a small new species of Therates. In butterflies I have

taken an imperfect specimen of a glorious new species very like Papilio Ulysses, but

distinct, and even handsomer! I have also seen a female of a grand new Ornithop-

tera, but cannot say what the male will'prove to be. I have several times seen what

I think is a new species allied to Papilio Codrus, but they are too wild to catch: the

Papilio allied to P. Sarpedon, which I found at Macassar, is also here, and two or three

other species which I have not yet been able to capture.”

Part I. of the fifth volume of the new series of the Society’s ‘ Transactions’ was

announced as published.

April 4, 1859.

Dr. Gray, President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to the

donors:—‘ Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle de Genéve,’

Tome xiv. 2e Partie; presented by the Society. ‘ Mémoires couronnés et Mémoires

des Savants etrangers,’ publiés par l’ Academie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des

Beaux-arts de Belgique, Tome xxvii.; by the Academy. ‘On the Digestive and Nervous

Systems of Coccus hesperidium, by John Lubbock, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S.; by

the Author. ‘The Zoologist’ for April; by the Editor. ‘ Premiére Centurie de

Longicornes du vieux Calabar, par Auguste Chevrolat, &c.; by the Author. ‘A

Manual of British Butterflies and Moths,’ Nos. 27 and 28; ‘ The Entomologist’s

Weekly Intelligencer,’ Nos. 128—131; by H.T. Stainton, Esq. ‘ The Atheneum ’ for

March ; by the Editor. The Literary Gazette’ for March; by the Editor. ‘The

Journal of the Society of Arts’ for March ; by the Society.

Election of Members.

W. S. Coleman, Esq., 7, Ampton Place, Gray’s Inn Road; and W. Jeakes, Esq.,

22, Camden Road Villas, Camden Town, were balloted for and elected members of

the Society.

Evhibitions.

Mr. Stevens exhibited some beautiful Coleoptera, taken by Mr. Wallace, at Dory,

New Guinea, amongst which were Eupholus Cuvieri, E. Schonherri, Promechus

splendidus and Oxycephala speciosa. He also exhibited, from the same locality, a

most extraordinary nondescript Dipterous insect, having long horn-like appendages

to the eyes.

Mr. Smith mentioned that amongst the Hymenoptera recently sent by Mr.Wallace

from Celebes, was a species of Dolichurus, which was interesting from the fact that the

only other known species of this remarkable genus, D. corniculus, is European.

Mr. Janson exhibited five species of Coleoptera hithertv unrecorded as British,

with notes of their localities, &c., as follows :—

1. Oligota atomaria, Eric., Kraatz. Colney Hatch, December 27, 1855. Dis-

tinguished from O. pusillima by its broader form and its pitchy black legs and

antlenne.

2. Stenus proditor, Eric., Kraatz. Near Finchley, December 5, 1858.

3. Platystethus nitens, Sahlb., Kraatz. Highgate.

4. Abracus granulum, Eric., de Morseul. Walthamstow, Essex, May 18, 1851.

5. Lemophleus duplicatus, Waltl., Eric. Beneath bark of a dead oak near High-

gate, March 27, 1859. Readily recognised from its congeners by the two impressed

longitudinal lines on each side of the thorax, and the truncate elytra of the male.

Mr. Janson also exhibited the following Coleoptera :—

Carabus granulatus, Linn. Variety, having one elytron bright green, the other

and the remainder of the upper surface of the usual brassy tint. Hammersmith,

March 24, 1859.

Lyctus brunneus, Steph. (Xylotrogus). Felled elms, Highgate, August 11, 1858.

Stenolophus elegans. Ditch by the Fort below Gravesend, May 28, 1858. One

specimen.

Lymneum nigropiceum, Marsh. Southend, August 3, 1858. One specimen.

Mr. Janson announced that having recently placed his collection of Trichop-

terygide in the hands of the Rev. A. Matthews, that gentleman informed him

that he has identified therein the following species, previously unknown as inhabitants

of Britain :—

Ptinella Ratisbonensis, Gillm., var.

P. tenella, Eric. (Microscopica [Waltl. in litt.], Gillm.)

P. angustula, Gillm.

These insects were captured during the past year, at various points near London,

beneath the bark of dead trees. Mr. Janson added that this announcement was made

at Mr. Matthews’ request, and that he (Mr. M.) is now preparing for publication, in

the ‘ Zoologist,’ a supplementary paper to his former valuable contribution on this

family.

Mr. Wilson Saunders exhibited a living specimen of Scolopendra morsitans, found

in a chest of tea from China, and some living examples of Branchipus stagnalis;

this largest and most beautiful of British Entomostraca had lately been found by

Mr. Brewer, jun., on Reigate Heath, in some shallow pools which were quite dry

during the summer.

Dr. Gray observed that he had noticed this species on Blackheath, in puddles left

by rain which had fallen within the previous twenty-four hours.

Mr. Saunders also exhibited some galls on branches of young oaks, also from

Reigate, and remarked that they appeared to be those produced by Cynips Quercus-

petioli, formerly observed only in Devonshire, but now apparently spreading over the

South of England; although they do not contain so much tannin as foreign galls, yet

as they could be obtained in large quantities, he thought it worthy of consideration

whether they might not be advantageously collected and employed as a substitute for

the foreign article, and the young plantations would certainly be much benefited by

the removal of them.

Mr. Westwood remarked that these galls were now found in the Midland Counties

as well as in the South of the kingdom.

Mr. Westwood exhibited specimens of the case-bearing larva of Coleophora gryphi-

pennella, which had recently been very injurious to some pot-roses in a greenhouse.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited British specimens of

Epurea neglecta, Heer, Sturm, Erichs.

Anisotoma nigrita, Schmidt, Erichs.

Olibrus oblongus, Evichs.

Mr. Waterhouse stated that the first of these insects had long been named, by

Mr. Murray, in Dr. Power's collection; that he (Mr. W.) had supposed the insect to

be identical with an Epurea in his own collection, which he made out to be the

E. parvula of Sturm, aud had not inserted the E. neglecta in the ‘Catalogue.’

Having, however, recently had an opportunity of comparing the two insects, he was

convinced of their being distinct. KE. neglecta was taken by Dr. Power, at Holt

Forest, near Farnham. A. nigrita was taken by Dr. Power, at Addington, near

Croydon: Mr. Waterhouse believed that the insect inserted in his ‘Catalogue’ as

Anisotoma rubiginosa, with a note of doubt, was a small female of the same species.

O. oblongus was found by Mr. Squire, at Horning Fen and Whittlesea Mere.

Mr. Waterhouse took this opportunity of mentioning that the following numbers

had been omitted in the third edition of his recently published ‘ Catalogue of British

Coleoptera,’ viz. :—

No. 14 to Hister 12-striatus.

» 2 to Oxylemus variolosus.

The omission of these numbers caused the names of these species to appear as

synonyms of the preceding insects.

Mr. Stevens exhibited a fine Buprestis, allied to Catoxantha, found by Mr. Wallace

at Gilolo, of which Mr. Adam White furnished the following description :—

“The Buprestide are separated into genera and even into great groups by

characters which, in many other families of insects, would be deemed hardly im-

portant enough to be regarded as anything but specific. The subgenus, here briefly

described, more nearly resembles Catoxantha in the shape of its thorax than

Chrysochroa; it has an apparently dull-coloured look, compared with either of the

two genera alluded to; its under side is decidedly metallic, except on the last

segment of the abdomen beneath; its elytra are strongly grooved, and in their con-

tour considerably resemble Catoxantha, differing in surface and in terminal pointing.

It may be called Catoxantha (Demochroa) carinata.

“ CaToxaNTHA (? DEMOCHROA) CARINATA, N. S.

“C. Elytris viridi-purpurascentibus, creberrime acupunctatis, costis quatuor cul-

tratis elongatis, costa brevi obliqua ad suturam prope basim, apice subtruncato,

triapiculalo ; capite, ceruleo, purpureo et viridi decorato, antice inter antennas

subcavato, et cultrato ; thorace dorso irregulari, creberrime acupunctato, postice

sulculis duobus curvates longitudinalita directis, et sulco ad latera singula ;

thorace, abdomineque subtus purpureis, pilis brevibus subdensis ochraceo-flavis,

indutis, pedibus cyaneis, femoribus, basi presertim, viridi et igneo variegatis,

abdominis segmento ultimo subtus pallido flavo, dorso lete metallico-viridi.

“ Hab. in Insula Gilolo. Long. unc. 1, lin.6.”

May 2, 1859.

H. T. Starnton, Esq., V.P., in the chair.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to he presented to

the donors :—‘ Journal of Proceedings of the Linnean Society,’ Vol. iii., No. 12; pre-

sented by the Society. ‘Abhandlungen der Koeniglich Bayerischen Akademie de

Wissenschaften,’ Vol. iii., Part 2; by the Society. ‘The Zoologist’ for May; by the

Editor. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for April; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the

Society of Arts’ for April; by the Society. ‘The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelli-

gencer,’ Nos. 132 to 135, and Vol. v.; ‘Manual of British Butterflies and Moths,’

Nos. 29 and 30.

Election of a Member.

Douglas Timmins, Esq., of Oriel College, Oxford, was balloted for and elected a

Member of the Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Stevens exhibited some butterflies taken by Mr. Wallace, in New Guinea ; the

most conspicuous being a beautiful Hestia, allied to H. D’Urvillei.

Mr. Westwood exhibited a number of specimens of Oxytelus sculptus, one of the

smaller Brachelytra, which had been found by a correspondent upon young cucumber

plants after dark, four different sowings of which had been destroyed without any trace

of the depredator being visible, during the day. It was consequently supposed that

wood-lice were the cause of the mischief, but on examining the plant with a light,

after dark, vast numbers of this species, with a few individuals of two small species of

Philonthus, were captured, which were considered by Mr. Westwood to be the

cause of the damage in question, although contrary to the generally-received opinion

of the insectivorous habits of the Staphylinide. Mr. Westwood referred to the occur-

rence of great numbers of these insects in decaying Fungi, Boletiand dung, considering

that it was on the vegetable matter they fed, as was also the case with the larva of one

of the species described in the Linnean ‘ Transactions, by Mr. Walford, which destroys

young wheat plants by gnawing through the stems.

Several members present dissented from this view, and Mr. F. Smith especially

mentioned Oxyporus rufus, which, although always found in Fungi, is evidently, from

its structure, a very voracious insect-feeder.

Mr. Westwood exhibited both sexes of Mutilla (Psammothera) flabellata, one of

the Aculeate Hymenoptera, from South Africa, anomalous on account of the male pos-

sessing bipectinated antenna, a peculiarity known only to occur in two or three other

of the Aculeata. Mr, Westwood regretted that he was compelled to employ this term

anomalous after observations made at the last meeting, and subsequently in the ‘ Intel-

ligencer,’ with reference to its alleged impropriety, considering that no other word so

completely expressed the peculiarity of an animal which exhibited a departure from

the ordinary structure of the group to which it belonged. It was erroneous to assert

that it was only our ignorance which compelled us to regard such structures as irregu-

larities or anomalies ; on the contrary, it was our knowledge of vast numbers of

species belonging to the group in question which enabled us to say what were its

regular, normal or ordinary characters,

Mr. Westwood also exhibited three very interesting additions to the British lists.

The first of these was the Blatta Acervorum of Panzer, which formed the type of the

genus Myrmecophila, and which, although strictly belonging to the family of which

the house cricket may be considered as the type, had been regarded by Mr. MacLeay

as the osculant form between the Blattide, representing the cursorial, and the Achetide,

representing the saltatorial, Hymenoptera. It had been found in moss by the Rev.

F. W. Hope, in the Archdeacon’s Copse, near Netley, Shropshire. The second was

the Bethyllus depressus of Fabricius (being the type of Klug’s genus Pristocera), and

interesting amongst the Hymenoptera as forming one of the connecting links between

the Aculeata and Terebrantia ; it had also been taken by Mr. Hope, in Shropshire.

The third of these insects was the Dryinus formicarius of Latreille, figured in the

‘Genera Crustaceorum,’ and of the greatest rarity on the-Continent. This elegant

insect was remarkable for the anomalous structure of its anterior tarsi, which are ter-

minated by a long slender recurved forceps nearly as long as the entire tarsus: a

single specimen had been taken by Dr. Baly, at Cobham, in October, and by him pre-

sented to Mr. Westwood.

Mr. Westwood also exhibited several specimens of the insects which injure books

and book-bindings, namely, a small species of Anobium with punctate-striate elytra,

in the imago state, which Mr. Westwood regarded as Anobium paniceum, but which

Mr. Janson thought was not a native species (a question, indeed, of considerable

importance); these had been found dead in eastern manuscripts, with many living

larve, which from their size might fairly be assumed to be those of this species of

Anobium: also a Ptinideous larva, which Mr. Westwood had found gnawing the

morocco covers of books in his own library, in the same manner as the Lepidopterous

larva which he had exhibited at a previous meeting of the Society: also a large

Ptinideous larva, found within the covers of a Syriac manuscript, which Mr. Westwood

considered to be that of Ptinus fur, as dead specimens of that species had also been

found in the same collection of books.

Mr. Smith observed that he had seen the female of Vespa vulgaris on the wing on

the 14th of February last,—a proof of the unusual mildness of the season at that

period.

The Secretary read the following communication from Mr, A. R. Wallace, Corre-

sponding Member of the Society, dated Batchian, Moluccas, Nov., 1858, intituled

Remarks on enlarged coloured Figures of Insects.

“ The practice of publishing bighly-coloured figures of insects, more especially of

Coleoptera, above the natural size, is so very general that I fear I shall stand almost

alone in protesting against it.

‘Coloured figures should represent nature in every respect. They should as much

as possible take the place of actual specimens, enabling us more readily to determine

species than can be done by descriptions, and making us acquainted with the actual

appearance of the rare and beautiful forms which are daily being discovered. Insects,

it is true, vary very much in size; yet, as a general rule, magnitude is a great assist-

ance, and often an important supplementary character, in determining species. This

assistance we altogether lose by enlarging our coloured figures ; for not only does it

require time to look for the line of size appended to each, and to consider the effect of

reducing the insect to that size, but a small and obscure species is often so trans-

formed, by all its delicate detail being brought out and exaggerated, that we may

pass it over altogether as something we have never seen, although the identical insect

may be wailing for its name in our cabinet. The evil is made still greater by no

system being followed. In the same plate we have insects figured of the natural size,

and others slightly or very much enlarged; so that in some cases the largest figure

represents the smallest of the insects. See White’s Cat. of Longicorns in B. M. tab. 6,

figs.5 and 9. An instance of the same anomaly occurs also, I believe, in one of the

plates of Longicorns illustrating Mr. Pascoe’s second paper in the Transactions of the

Society.

‘“‘ There is also another evil in this unsystematic enlargement of insects,—that we

cannot readily check the accuracy of the figures, which must be often very doubtful,

as the artist must trust solely to his eyes for the various proportions ; whereas in figures

of the natural size a fine*pair of compasses will both give the principal dimensions

accurately, and enable any one in a moment to test their accuracy. Now, though

size may not be, yet proportion is certainly an excellent specific character ; and it can-

not be considered a trifling matter that, by enlarging our figures in no determinate

scale, we can no longer use this character with confidence.

“In turning over good coloured plates of an entomological Monograph or of a local

Fauna, we may get at once a mass of useful information. We can compare the

species with those of our own country, or of any other district with which we may be

acquainted, or the species of a new genus with those of an allied group in our cabinet,

seeing at a glance their several relations of size, form and colour. But this can only

be done if the figures are of the natural size. In the other case we get quite an erro-

neous idea of the new group or of the unknown Fauna,—erroneous not only as to size,

but in form and colour also ; for a mass of colour, though of the same tint, strikes the

eye more forcibly than a small portion; and in like manner any abnormal form

becomes far more striking when exhibited of a larger size than usual. Let any one

compare two plates of well-known insects, in one of which all the figures are of the

exact natural size (representing actual specimens), in the other variously enlarged

(representing nothing in nature), and he will be convinced that the former is in a very

great degree more useful and instructive than the latter. It is the difference between

truth and error.

“‘ Species which are too small to be well coloured of the natural size should be

represented by outlines enlarged in some definite given proportion ® and such figures

should be given on separate plates, so as to be comparable with each other.

“To make our coloured figures larger than nature has formed the objects which

they are intended to represent, in order to make them more showy and ornamental

than they really are, is quite unworthy of Science. Such figures do not possess any

one solid recommendation, while they do possess many positive disadvantages to the

scientific inquirer. They are also likely to disgust the incipient entomologist with his

study when he finds that his cabinet can never be so showy as the plates on which

entomologists profess to represent his specimens.

“In Lepidopterous figures nature is seldom so falsified. Who ever thinks of

figuring a new Erycina or Lycena so as to equal in size a Papilio or a Morpho?

The thing would be scouted as absurd, yet it would be in reality not one whit more

objectionable than is the present practice as regards Coleoptera.

“I beg, therefore, to propose that the Entomological Society of London should

lead the way in this salutary reform, and allow, in its ‘ Transactions,’ fully-coloured

figures only of the natural size, and outlines enlarged in some definite degree which

should be uniform for at least all the figures on the same plate.”

Several members present objected to the opinions expressed by Mr. Wallace, and

Mr. Smith suggested that Mr. W.’s dislike to enlarged coloured figures might arise

from the fact that he had never seen any well-executed plates coutaining such figures.

Mr. W. Wilson Saunders read a paper on some remarkable Dipterous insects from

Dory, New Guinea, having long horns arising under the eyes, and projecting forward

like those of some of the deer tribe. The specimens were exhibited at the last

meeting of the Society, and were sent to this country by Mr. Wallace. Mr. Saunders

proposed for their reception the genus Elaphomya, and described five species, viz.,

E. cervicornis, E. Wallacei, E. alcicornis, E. brevicornis, and E. polita.

June 6, 1859.

Dr. Gray, President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered; to be presented to

the donors: —‘ The Journal of the Royal Dublin Society, Nos. 12 and 13; presented

by the Society. ‘Journal of Proceedings of the Linnean Society,’ Supplement to

Botany, No. 2; by the Society. ‘ Catalogue of the described Diptera of North Ame-

rica, prepared for the Smithsonian Institution, by R. Osten-Sacken ; by the Smith-

sonian Institution. ‘ List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection

of the British MuSeum,’ by Francis Walker, F.L.S., &c., Part XVII., Pyralides ; by

the Author. ‘The Zoologist’ for June; by the Editor. ‘ Bibliotheca Historico-

Naturalis heraus gegeban’ von Ernst A. Zuchold, Achter Jahrgang, Heft 2; by the

Author. ‘ Boston Journal of Natural History, Vol. vi. No.4. ‘ Proceedings of the

Boston Society of Natural History,’ Vol. vi. Nos. 11—22; by the Society. ‘ Eleventh

Annual Report of the Board of Agriculture of the State of Ohio,’ to the Governor, for

the year 1856; by the Board. ‘ Report of the Commissioner of Patents for the year

1856; by the Patent Office of the United States. ‘The Journal of the Society of

Arts’ for May; by the Society. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for May; by the Editor.

‘The Atheneum’ for April and May; by the Editor. ‘The Entomologist’s Weekly

Intelligencer,’ Nos. 1837—140; ‘A Manual of British Butterflies and Moths, Nos.

31 and 32; by H. T. Stainton, Esq. ‘Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung,’ Nos.

1—6; by the Entomological Society of Stettin. ‘ Fabricia Entomologica, Part I.,

No.3; by the Author, M. H. Jekel. ‘ Description de la Leptura Militaris,’ par M.

Aug. Chevrolat; ‘ Description de Nouvelles espéces de Coléoptéres, par M. Aug.

Chevrolat ; by the Author.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Stevens exhibited some fine examples of both sexes of Papilio Ginomaus,

sent from Ternate by Mr. Wallace.

Mr. Stevens also exhibited specimens of Leemophleus Clematidis, of which spe-

cies above a hundred examples had been captured by Dr. Power, Mr. Jeakes and

himself, near Gravesend ; Stenolophus elegaus, of which Dr. Power and himself had

secured about fifty, at Southend; and a living example of Hetwrius sesquicornis, one

of several which he had recently taken near Hampstead, in nests of Formica fusca.

Mr. Janson exhibited specimens of Haploglossa gentilis, found by Mr. F. Smith,

in company of Formica fuliginosa, at Hampstead. The species had not hitherto

been detected in this country.

Mr. R. B. Were exhibited a specimen of Crioceris merdigera having a transverse

lateral black patch on each elytron, which had been recently found in a garden at

Homerton.

Mr. Stainton stated that when at Ratisbon lately, Dr. Herrich-Schaffer had

informed him of a new Lepidopterous insect frequenting ants’ nests, which be had

received from the East Indies; and he had been exceedingly surprised to hear that

this new inmate of the formicarium was a butterfly, apparently of the family Lycx-

nide. Dr. Herrich-Schaffer had been assured that this insect made: no use of its

wings, and merely walked about in the ants’ nests, baving thick legs, of a peculiar

construction, not unlike wooden legs.

Mr. Westwood had little doubt but the butterflies alluded to were the singular

insects figured by Dr. Horsfield in his ‘ Lepidopterous Insects of Java,’ Plate II.,

under the generic name of Symetha (Polyommatus Symethus of the ‘ Encyclopédie

Methodique’ being the type), and having remarkably developed and thick tarsi. This

Opinion was subsequently confirmed by Mr. Stainton.

Mr. Douglas exhibited the following insects, and notes of their economy :—

‘““Ornix Scoticella, with its pupa-case projecting frum its puparium, within a leaf

of Sorbus aria.

“ Coccyx splendidulana, Guén., with its pupa-case projecting from its puparium,

in a piece of the bark of a willow, where I found it in March. Mr. Wilkinson, in his

‘ British Tortrices, says the imago of this species ‘appears among fir trees ; but this

does not accord with my experience, and in the present instance there is not a fir tree

within half a mile of the place where [ found the pupa.

“* Ruphidia P Last February, when examining, in Richmond Park, the

rotten pieces of oak branches blown down by the wind, I found, in the centre of two

of them, a larva of a Raphidia. What they did there I do not know; they appeared

to have nothing except the wood to eat, but they were very lively. I took them home

and put them in a large glass jar, still in the wood ; and there they remained till the

6th of May, when I found two perfect insects. Attached firmly by the outstretched

feet, was the pupa-skin which I now exhibit; it was in a vertical position, rent on the

back where the imago had emerged, and resembled the exuvium of a dragon-fly, such

as we constantly see attached to the stems of plants growing in water. The other pupa-

skin I could not find. Twenty-five years ago Mr. Waterhouse read a memoir on the

transformations of a species of Raphidia, to this Society, and it is published in the first

volume of the * Transactions.’ J should not have deemed it worth while to bring the

subject again under your notice, only that my observation of the position of the larva

goes to prove his supposition that the habit is not carnivorous; and, moreover,

I thought it might be of interest to show that, in the instances I noticed, the larve

were not immediately beneath the bark of solid wood as his were, but in the centre of

rotten branches, so rotten indeed that they crumbled beneath the fingers. Possibly

they are not the same species as Mr. Waterhouse’s. Percheron says the larve feed

on larve of Arachnides and Onisci; certainly mine had no such food after I got them,

and as the pupa state lasts, according te Percheron, about fifteen days, mine either

fasted two months or fed on the wood.

“ Trinodes hirtus. The larva I exhibited recently, at a meeting of this Society,

has, as I expected, produced an example of Trinodes hirtus. The following is a

description of the larva :—

“Length 13 line. Dirty white; head large, testaceous ; second segment narrow,

black ; each segment is narrowly margined with black, and down the back is a row of

black spots. The whole larva is densely clothed with black, stout hairs, arising in

fascicles ; these hairs are erect on the back, but those along the sides are rather

curved ; they are shortest at the head and anus, but the longest are more than half as

long as the body. The larva is without the Caen anal tufts of hairs which are so

couspicuous in the larva of Ztresias serra,

“The pupa state was assumed about the middle of May, within the skin of the

larva, and under the web of the spider in whose company both this species and

Tiresias serra live together under the loose bark of old oak trees. The imago appeared

on the 3rd of June.”

Mr. Stevens communicated the following extracts from a letter received by him

from Mr. A. R. Wallace, dated Batchian, January 28, 1859 :—

“T had determined to leave here about this time, but two circumstances decided

me to prolong my stay—first, I succeeded at last in taking the magnificent new

Ornithoptera, and, secondly, I obtained positive information of the existence here of a

second species of Paradisea, apparently more beautiful and curious than the one I[ have

obtained. You may perhaps imagine my excitement when, after seeing it only two

or three times in three months, I at length took a male Ornithoptera. When I took

it out of my net, and opened its gorgeous wings, I was nearer fainting with delight

and excitement than I have ever been in my life; my heart beat violently, and the

blood rushed to my head, leaving a headache for the rest of the day. The insect

surpassed my expectations, being, though allied to Priamus, perfectly new, distinct,

and of a most gorgeous and unique colour; it is a fiery golden orange, changing,

when viewed obliquely, to opaline-yellow and green. It is, I think, the finest of the

Ornithoptera, and consequently the finest butterfly in the world? Besides the colour,

it differs much in markings from all of the Priamus group. Soon after I first took it

I set one of my men to search for it daily, giving him a premium on every specimen,

good or bad, he takes; he consequently works hard from early morn to dewy eve, and

occasionally brings home one ; unfortunately several of them are iu bad condition. I

also oc@asivnally take the lovely Papilio Telemachus, n. s.

“‘T have seut off a small box containing four males, one female, and one young

bird of the new Batchian Paradisea, besides one red-ticketed private specimen ; six

males and five females of the new Ornithoptera, and seven Papilio Telemachus.

“Tell Mr. Gray and Mr. Gould that the Paradisea had better not be described

yet, as I am making great exertions to get the second species, evidently of the same

genus, which will enable a generic character to be more accurately given. The but-

terflies, I trust, will be both figured, male and female, either in Mr. Hewitson’s bouk

or in Ent. Soc. Trans. For the Ornithoptera I propose Cresus as a good name.

Butterflies are scarce ; good beetles turn up occasionally, but nothing very grand. I

have now a handsome series of Buprestide, and a remarkably pretty lot of Longi-

corns; one of my last acquisitions is a grand bronzy Tmesisternus, 14 inch long, a

single specimen only. In almost all orders, and in birds, there is a deficiency of spe-

cies ; yet there are so many pretty and brilliant things, and a few so grand and new,

that on the whole I am inclined to think my Batchian collection will be the best

I have made anywhere.

“ Another reason which may induce me to stay perhaps two or three months

longer at Batchian is that I have had no fever here, which I have never been free

from two months at a time for the last two years before; and I may therefore hope to

get my health well established for my next journey to New Guinea.

“« The butterflies will make a show-box which will, I think, be admired almost as

much as the birds of Paradise.”

Mr. Westwood observed that he had little doubt the male Ornithoptera of which

Mr. Wallace had given such a glowing description, in the letter just read, was the

Ornithoptera Tithonus of De Haan, figured on the first plate of his-fine work on the

‘Insects of the Dutch Settlements, the hitherto unique specimen of which is in the

Leyden Museum, and was seen by Mr. Westwood on his visit last year; he had also

little doubt that the female would prove to be the O. Victoria of G. R. Gray, figured,

some time since, in the ‘ Proceedings of the Linnean Society, from a specimen taken

by Mr. M’Gillivray in one of the islands of the Eastern Archipelago, and now in the

British Museum collection.

Mr. Shepherd thought, with Mr. Westwood, that Mr. Wallace’s description agreed

with O. Tithonus, but considered it hardly possible that Mr. Wallace was not

acquainted with De Haan’s figure. Previous to leaving this country for the East,

Mr. Wallace had carefully investigated the works containing descriptions and figures

of the entomological productions of the countries he was about to visit ; and it seemed

almost incredible that he could have overlooked or forgotten this fine insect.

Mr. Baly read a paper on new species of Phytophagous insects, together with the

characters of a new genus, Paralina: this latter is closely allied to Lina and Chryso-

mela, and is separated from these genera on account of its produced meta-sternum,

which, passing forwards between the meso-coxe, articulates with the base of the pro-

sternum, entirely concealing the meso-sternum ; its type is Lina Indica, Hope.

July 4, 1859.

Dr. Gray, President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be given to the

donors : —‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society,’ Vol. ix. No. 34; presented by the

Society. ‘Farm Insects; being the Natural History and Economy of the Insects

injurious to the Field-crops of Great Britain and Ireland, and also those which infest

Barns and Granaries; with suggestions for their destruction.’ By John Curtis, F.L.S.,

&e. Part I.; by the Author. ‘The Zoologist’ for July; by the Editor. ‘A Manual

of British Butterflies and Moths, No. 33; ‘The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer,’

Nos. 141 to 144; by H.T.Stainton, Esq. ‘The Atheneum’ for June; by the Editor.

‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for June; by the Society. ‘The Literary

Gazette’ for June; by the Editor. ‘ Exotic Butterflies,” Parts 30 and 31; by W. W.

Saunders, Esq.

The following works were announced as having been recently purchased for the

Society’s Library :—Olivier, ‘ Entomologie, 8 Vols. Boisduval and Guenée, ‘ Species

Général des Lepidoptéres, 7 Vuls. and 7 Fasciculi of Plates. Fabricius, ‘ Systema

Antliatorum.’ MacLeay,‘ Annulosa Javanica, PartI. Martyn’s ‘Spiders.’ Walcke-

naer, ‘ Faune Parisienne, Insectes, 2 Vols. ‘ Zoological Journal, 5 Vols. Spinola,

‘Essai Monographique sur les Clerites,’ 2 Vols. Guérin-Méneville, ‘ Iconographie

du Régne Animal, Insectes.’ Redtenbacher, ‘ Fauna Austriaca der Kafer.’

Election of a Member.

W. D. Crotch, Esq., Uphill House, Weston-super-Mare, was balloted for and

elected a Member of the Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Jeakes exhibited a specimen of Arrhenodes maxillosus,Oliv., a North-American

Curculio of the family Brentide, but which had been found flying in a garden at

Camden Town by Miss Jeakes.

Mr. Bond exhibited some Lepidoptera taken at Freshwater, Isle of Wight, amongst

which were beautiful varieties of Setina irrorella, a series of an apparently new spe-

cies of Coleophora, Cochylis flaviciliana, &c.; he also exhibited a splendid living

specimen of Calosuma sycophanta, found on the coast at Freshwater a few days pre-

viously, and had since been fed on the larva of Biston hirtarius, of which it devoured

three or four full-grown examples daily.

Mr. Shepherd exhibited specimens of Deleaster dichroa, lately taken near London.

Mr. A. F. Sheppard sent for exhibition two specimens of Erastria venustula, taken

near Loughton, Essex.

Mr. Janson exhibited the following species of Coleoptera, hitherto unrecorded as

British, viz., Stenus opticus, Grav., from Mr. Jeakes’ collection, taken by Mr. Squire

in Horning Fen; Conosoma pedicularium, Grav., from Holme Fen; and Scolytus

Pruni, Ratz., taken near London.

Mr. Mitford exhibited a fine series of Psyche fusca, which he had lately bred from

the larve taken near Hampstead; and a specimen of Carabus intricatus, found near

Bath, being a new locality for this fine species.

Mr. Holdsworth exhibited the nest and eggs of Hydrous piceus, from the aquarium

of the Zoological Society, in the Regent's Park.

Mr. Gorham exhibited specimens of Anchomenus livens, taken on sugar placed

on trees to attract Noctue.

Mr. Stevens exhibited an apparently new species of Phycita, taken near Mickle-

ham; and some beautiful Lepiduptera, chiefly Tineina, sent from Moreton Bay, by

Mr. Diggles; also the drawing of the larva of a species of Gastrophasia, Guén., and

the moth reared therefrom.

Mr. Stevens also exhibited both sexes of the splendid Ornithoptera alluded to by

Mr. Wallace in the letter read at the last meeting of the Society; and also both sexes

of the beautiful Papilio allied to P. Ulysses, for which Mr. Wallace proposed the

specific name of “Telemachus,” which had arrived in this country since the last

meeting. He observed that the Ornithoptera, although allied to O. Tithonus, DeHaan,

was by no means identical with that insect, as had been conjectured by Mr. West-

wood, from the description given in Mr. Wallace’s letter.

Mr. Westwood exhibited, and read the description of, a new and beautiful species

of Phasmide, for which he proposed the name of Donelytron Batesianum, and to publish

a coloured figure in the ‘ Transactions’ of the Society, it having been forwarded by

Mr. Bates, from the Amazon River, too late for representation in Mr. Westwood’s

monograph on the family, published by the Trustees of the British Museum.

Mr. Westwood also exhibited a fine Papilio, collected in New Caledonia, by Mr.

MacGillivray, of which the following are the characters :-—

Mr. Westwood exhibited, and read the description of, a new and beautiful species

of Phasmida, for which he proposed the name of Donelytron Batesianum, and to publish

a coloured figure in the ‘Transactions’ of the Society, it having been forwarded by

Mr. Bates, from the Amazon River, tov late for representation in Mr. Westwood’s

monograph on the family, published by the Trustees of the British Museum.

Mr. Westwood also exhibited a fine Papilio, collected in New Caledonia, by Mr.

MacGillivray, of which the following are the characters :—

Papttio (Utysszs, var.) ULysstnus, Westw.

Alis nigris dimidio basali ceruleis, corpore et basi alarum viridi irroratis, venulis

tribus vene mediane macula holosericea nigra singulatim indutis, incisuris

marginalibus albido maculatis; alis subtus fuscis, luteo-variis striga trans-

versa aree discordalis, lutea ; posticis lunulis 6-maculaque anali luteis, squa-

mis ceruleis supra marginatis. Expans. alar. unc. 33.

Mr. Westwood, in describing this insect, called attention to the state of the

question as to the views of the modification of species entertained by different recent

writers, and observed that it appeared to him to afford an additional proof of the fact

that, whilst many species of insects seemed to be free, under any changes of time or

place, from more than occasional and slight individual variation, other insects evi-

dently exhibited decided modifications of higher than individual character, wherever

they existed in distinct localities. Of the former of these kinds of species he quoted

Cynthia Cardui, which maintained its pure specific character almost all over the

world (to which Mr. Douglas added Deiopeia pulchella) ; whilst of the other kind

Papilio Paris, and apparently P. Priamus (to which P. Ulysses might now be added),

might be cited. Hence Mr. Westwood considered that the fine Papilio exhibited

that evening was another local variety of P. Ulysses ; and he suggested for it the sub-

specific name of “ Ulyssodes.” He added that in the British Museum collection is

another geogra phical sub-species, also from New Caledonia, in which the male has

scarcely any trace of the silky patches on the fore-wings, although agreeing in size

with Ulyssinus. For this he proposed the name of P. (Ulysses) Ulyssellus. This

diversity in the modificational powers of certain species had, he believed, not been

sufficiently noticed in treating upon the question of the modification of species. He

considered it would be advisable, however, to give to each decided geographical modi-

fication of a species a separate specific or sub-specific name.

Mr. Waterhouse admitted the existence of decided and well-marked geographical

races amongst certain insects, citing certain species of Philippine Pachyrhynchus.

He had not, however, deemed it necessary to give to ihese races distinct names. He

also noticed the fact that whilst certain species seemed never to vary (Coccinella

7-punctata for example), other species in the same genus were so variable, in the

same locality, that it was scarcely possible to obtain two specimens alike.

Mr. Westwood also observed that he was not sure whether the grand new Orni-

thoptera, for which Mr. Wallace proposed the name of “ Croesus,” might not be a local

variety of O. Priamus. .

Mr. Pascoe stated, with reference to his papers on the Longicorn Coleoptera,

published in the ‘Transactions’ of the Society, that he had ascertained his genus

Blemmya was identical with Euryarthrium, Blanch., and that Anomesia was refer-

rible to Eunidia, Erich., which is also the Evethis of Dejean. His names therefore,

being the most recent, must be suppressed. He also mentioned that Sophronica, Dej.,

“

was synonymous with Dasyo, and that his Pachypeza implex appeared to be the

Cacostola leucophea of the same author.

Mr. Smith read some notes on the economy of the Ichneumons constituting the

genus Pezomachus of Gravenhorst, with observations on Pezomacbus fasciatus.

Mr. Waterhouse read two papers, intituled “ Notes on the British Species of

Donacia,” and “ Notes on the British Species of Cissida.”

Part 2 of the current volume of the Society’s ‘Transactions’ was on the table.

August 1, 1859.

J.O. Westwoop, Esq., F.L.S., in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to

the donors : —*‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society, Vol. x., No. 35; presented by the

Society. ‘Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society,’ Vol. iv., No. 13 ; by

the Society. ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London,’ Nos. 370—391 ; by

the Society. ‘Catalogus Hemipterorum, Herausgegeben von dem Entomologischen

Verein zu Stettin;’ by the Society. ‘ Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Ko6niglichen

Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, Jahrgang 1858;’ by the Society.

‘Errinerung an Mitglieder der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Classe der Koéniglich

Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, von Dr. Carl Friedrich Philipp von Mar-

tius, Secretari der gennanten Classe ; ‘ Monumenta Secularia, II. Classe;’? § Alma-

nack fir das Jahr 1859 ;’ by the Koniglich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaf-

ten. ‘Farm Insects,’ No. 2; by the Author, J. Curtis, F.L.S., &e. ‘ The Zoologist’

for July; by the Editor. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for July; by the Editor. ‘ The

Journal of the Society of Arts’ for July; by the Society.

The following works were announced to have been recently purchased for the

Society’s Library : — Mulsant, ‘ Coleoptéres de France, 8 Vols. Silberman, ‘ Revue

Entomologique, 5 Vols. Erichson, ‘ Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschlands,’

Vol. i. Fas. 1—3; ii., 1—6; iii. and iv., 1 and 2. Ratzeburg, ‘ Die Forst Insecten,’

6 Vols. Germar, ‘ Zeitschrift fir Entomologie, 5 Vols. Koch, ‘ Arachniden,’ 16

Vols. ; and ‘ Uerbersicht des Arachniden Systems, 5 Parts.

Mr. H. W. Bates, Corresponding Member of the Society, who had lately arrived

in England, was present, and very cordially received by the Meeting. He has

devoted the last thirteen years to the investigation of the Entomology of the Valley

of the Amazons ; and the collections which he has from time to time forwarded to

this country sufficiently attest his energy and perseverance under the dangers and

hardships to which he has been exposed.

Exhibitions.

Mr. M‘Lachlan exhibited specimens of Cuchylis Francillana, with the pupa-cases

from which they were bred, projecting from a stem of the wild carrot, in which the

larva feeds ; they were found in February last, at Forest Hill. Also specimens of

Rhodophea rubrotibiella, taken recently at Forest Hill, in the same locality as the two

specimens exhibited by him at the meeting of the Society in September last, and then

new to Britain.

Mr. M‘Lachlan also exhibited an example of Ochsenheimeira vacculella found at

Lewisham, on the 28th ult., in a most singular situation for the imago of a Lepi-

dopterous insect, namely, under close bark on the stump of an old alder tree, about

three feet from the ground.

Mr. Bond exhibited the larva of Drilus flavescens, found near Folkestone.

Mr. Lewis exhibited a living example of Chlenius Schrankii, of which he had

lately taken about sixty specimens near Luccombe, Isle of Wight.

Dr. Wallace exhibited a specimen of Deilephila lineata, taken by Dr. Burkill, in

1856, at Tremeri, in Ireland ; aud Agrotis valligera, from the same locality. He also

exhibited examples of the following species, which he had lately found on a recent

visit to Waterford, namely, Leucania littoralis, Mamestra abjecta, Cidaria populata,

Larentia salicaria, Eupithecia denotaria, E. constrictaria, E. satyraria, Acidalia im-

mutaria, and A. inornaria. Euchelia Jacobee and Cetonia aurata were in great

plenty in the neighbourhood ; the latter species, he was informed, had been very rare

till late years.

Mr. Mitford exhibited fine specimens of Trochilium Chrysidiformis, Timandra

prataria, and Spilodes palealis, taken near Folkestone.

Mr. Westwood exhibited a mass of the empty cocoons of Ilythia sociella, for-

warded to him by Professor Harvey, of Dublin, of which the Irish naturalists had

failed in determining the nature, which had been taken from the stomach of a cow.

The only explanation which he could give of so unusual a situation was, that, as the

social caterpillars of these species frequent the nests of humble bees in considerable

numbers, it was probable that the cow, whilst grazing, had come upon the nest ofa

moss-carder Bombus, and had chewed it together with the grass, the stomach not

having had the power to dissolve the mass of cocoons. Mr. Bond confirmed this

opinion, having found the mass of cocoons of the Ilythia in the nest of the moss-

carder bee.

Mr. Westwood had observed, last season, some elm trees near Oxford, which were

infested by the Scolytus destructor in the heat of the summer, exuded sap, and

attracted large quantities of insects. One of these, this season, has died off, still

emitting small patches of extravasated sap: this had attracted vast quantities of

Cetonia aurata, the tree from the base of the trunk tu the topmost branch being

covered by hundreds of specimens, in clusters of a dozen or score together, producing

shining masses visible at sume distance, and which had attracted Mr. Westwood’s

attention to the insects. Many had become so stupified from the fluid they had

imbibed that they had fallen down helplessly to the ground. Their sense of smell

must have been extremely acute, and the odour of the sap (in very small quantities ip

each place) very penetrative and diffusive, in order to have attracted so great an

assemblage of beetles.

Mr. Douglas remarked that an almost imperceptible exudation from the trunks of

trees was often caused by the young larva of Cossus ligniperda.

Mr. Tegetmeier described a practical application of Shirach’s discovery re-

specting the power of bees to raise a new queen frum a neuter or worker grub ;

by means of which the contents of old hives can be taken without destroying

the bees or sacrificing any brood. ‘The plan consists in driving out the queen,

and about half the bees, in the spring, and establishing them as a new swarm,

when the bees remaining in the old hive have to rear a new queen from a worker

grub. From the time required to accomplish this, it follows that no eggs can be laid

for about three weeks ; by this time the workers producing eggs laid by the old queen

will have been hatched out, and the cells filled with honey, when the whole of the

bees are to be driven out, and the honey, which will be found perfectly free from

brood, retained for use. The plan had been very successfully worked at the bee-

house of the Apiarian Society, and specimens of the results were submitted to the

Meeting.

September 5, 1859.

Dr. Gray, President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to

the donors : —‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society, Vol. x. No. 36; presented by the

Society. ‘Farm Insects, Parts 3 and 4; by the Author, John Curtis, Esq., F.L.S.

‘The Zoologist’ for September; by the Editor. ‘Smithsonian Contributions to

Knowledge, Vol. x. ‘Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian

Institution for the year 1857; ‘Reply to the Statement of the Trustees of the Dud-

ley Observatory,’ by Benj. Apthorp Gould, jun.; ‘Defence of Dr. Gould, by the

Scientific Council of the Dudley Observatory ;? by the Smithsonian Institution. ‘The

Atheneum’ for July; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for Au-

gust; by the Society. ‘The Literary Gazette for August; by the Editor.

Election of a Subscriber.

R. W. Fereday, Esq., of 2, Leighton Villas, Talbot Road, Kentish Town, was bal-

loted for and elected a Subscriber to the Society.

Exhibitions.

The President exhibited, on behalf of their captor, Dr. Power, the following

British Coleoptera, with localities and dates of capture :—

Anchomenus versutus, Gyll. Wimbledon, July 30, 1858.

Polystichus fasciolatus. Sheerness, June and August, 1859.

Trechus longicornis. Banks of Ribble, July, 1859.

Acrognathus mandibularis, Gy/l. Darenth, June 19, 1859.

Odacantha melanura. Merton, August. 1859.

Deleaster dichrous. Colney Hatch. June 25, 1859.

Anchomenus pelidnus (var. Thoreyi ?). Merton, July, 1859.

Ancylophorus glabricollis, Hric. Merton, July 26, 1859.

Helophorus intermedius. Merton, July, 1859.

The two last-mentioned species had not previously been recorded as natives of Britain.

Mr. Smith remarked, with reference to Polystichus fasciolatus, that Mr, Hewitson

took this species in some plenty, on the shore to the west of Southwold, near Lowe-

stoft; they were found under stones above the shingle on the sloping shore, in front

of the salt marsh beyond which is the mud wall leading to the ferry over to Walben-

wick. The salt marsh abounds in species of Coleoptera. The date of capture was

the month of April.

Mr. Stevens exhibited a portion of a collection of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera

made by Mr. Trimen in South Africa, about 300 miles east of the Cape of Good

Hope; and a fine series sent from Sierra Leone by Mr. Foxcroft.

Mr. Stevens also exhibited a living specimen of Locusta migratoria, which he had

captured near Brighton, in which neighbourhood, he stated, the species was un-

usually common this autumn.

Dr. Knaggs observed that he had seen a specimen lately taken at Camden Town.

Mr. M‘Lachlan exhibited a specimen of Hadena peregrina, which he had lately

captured at Freshwater, Isle of Wight, being the second recorded British example ;

also Phibalapteryx gemmaria and Eupeecilia flaviciliana, from the same locality,

Dr. Allchin exhibited a specimen of Synia musculosa, taken at Brighton, and two

fine examples of Nola centonalis, taken in Kent.

Mr. Janson exhibited a fine new species of Adelops, found by M. Jacquelin Duval

in the Pyrenees, and for which he proposed the specific name of Bonvouloirii.

Dr. Knaggs exhibited the following Lepidoptera, with notes of capture :—

Clostera Anachoreta. He had lately been fortunate enough to capture eleven

larve of this insect in one of the home counties, and succeeded in rearing ten moths ;

a friend who subsequently took a pupa presented it to him, and this also reached the

imago state. The only reputed British examples of this species hitherto known are

_ contained in the British Museum Collection, and were obtained by the late

Dr. Leach from the collection of Mr. Spratt: so many years having elapsed without

the occurrence of other specimens, its claim to rank as a British insect has been

almost universally disputed, and the present capture may therefore be looked upon as

a re-discovery.

Aplecta occulta. A specimen taken in his own field at Camden Town in August

last. Few examples of this fine insect have occurred in the southern districts of

Britain. He had captured, during the past three years, upwards of ninety species of

Noctuz in this piece of ground.

Emmelesia teniata, Taken by B, Piffard, Esq., at Tintern, at the end of June;

the locality is interesting, the insect having previously only occurred in Ireland and

in the Lake District.

Eupithecia tenuiata, Also taken by B. Piffard, Esq., at the same time and place.

Nonagria concolor. ‘Taken at Folkestone, end of June. Some of the Members

present were of opinion that it was not that species, the examples being paler and

apparently a more slender insect than those found in the fen district.

Simaethis vibrana. Taken at Folkestone, end of June. Previous captures of this _

insect certainly do not exceed six examples.

Diplodoma marginipunctella. Bred by Dr. Knaggs from larva, taken chiefly near

Epping, at the beginning of June. Dr. Knaggs observed that the case-bearing larve

of this species were by some entomologists considered to be entirely carnivorous; he

had, however, found them to feed freely on bramble and hazel.

Melanippe fluctuata. A singular variety, destitute of the larger costal blotch, the

central spot being thereby brought out conspicuously.

Dr. Knaggs also exhibited the living larve of Acidalia strigillata, he believed

never before seen in this country ; they were reared by him from the egg, and were a

few weeks old: he observed that he had supplied them with various plants as food,

but all were rejected by them till (by the advice of Mr. Henry Doubleday) he had

given them the common knot-grass (Polygonum aviculare), on which they fed freely.

“

And lastly, Dr. Knaggs exhibited a male of Pamphila Linea and a female of

Anthrocera Filipendule, which he kad taken in copu/d, and which was confirmed by

Mr. J. B. Lynch, who also saw them in that state; he kept the Anthrocera alive for

some time, in the hopes of getting ova, but was doomed to disappointment.

Strophosomus limbatus feeding on Rhododendrons.

The Secretary read the following letter, addressed to him by Mr. Charles Noble,

of Bagshot Nursery, dated August 19th, 1859 :—

“ Sir,—I trust you will pardon the liberty I take in sending the enclosed insects

to you; they are doing me an immense amount of injury by eating the leaves of

young Rhododendrons, and it appears to me they will destroy some thousands if a

remedy cannot be found to destroy them. Could you favour me with its name, its

mode of life, how and where its eggs were laid, and if any known remedy can be

adopted to destroy it?”

Mr. Janson observed that the insects sent were Strophosomus limbatus, a Curculio

common on heath, and therefore doubtless abundant in the immediate neighbourhood

of Mr. Noble's grounds; and the President remarked that it was scarcely to be

wondered at that the insect should attack Rhododendrons, which belong to the same

natural order of plants as heaths.

Bees drinking from a Chalybeate Spring.

Mr. Tegetmeier stated that when recently at Blechynden, near Southampton, he

was informed that the bees in the neighbourhood resoried almost exclusively to one

particular spring, or deep open cutting dug for draining: on examination, he found

that the water was strongly impregnated with iron, evidently derived from the

decomposition of iron pyrites. He noticed that the bees congregated in the greatest

numbers at the head of the cutting, drinking the water as it issued from the ground,

before it had deposited any of the iron as peroxide. There were numerous other

open cuttings in the field, the water in which was not impregnated with iron, and

they were not freyuented by the bees. The fact of bees preferring a chalybeate

spring had not, he believed, been previously noticed.

Mr. Pascoe stated that the collection of insects of all orders belonging to the

United Service Museum was to be disposed of by private contract.

October 3, 1859.

Dr. Gray, President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to

the donors:—‘ The Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England,’ Vol. xx.

Part 1; presented by the Society. ‘ Tijdschrift voor Entomologie uitgegeven door de

Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging,’ Vol. iii. Parts 3, 4 and 5; by the Ento-

mological Society of the Netherlands. ‘Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean

Society, Vol. iv. No. 14; by the Society. ‘ Farm Insects,’ Part 5; by the author,

John Curtis, Esq., F.L.S. ‘ Exotic Butterflies, Part 32 ; by W. W. Saunders, Esq.,

F.R.S. * The Zoologist’ for October ; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society

of Arts” for September; by the Editor. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for September; by

the Editor. ‘The Atheneum’ for August; by the Editor. ‘A Manual of British

Butterflies and Moths,’ Vol. ii.; ‘ The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer, No. 157;

‘The Natural History of the Tineina,’ Vol. iv.; by H. T. Stainton, Esq. ‘ Bijdragen

tot de Dierkunde uitgegeven door het Koninklijk Genootschap Natura Artis Magistra

te Amsterdam.’ Part 7; by La Commission du Jardin Zoologique @Amsterdam. Four

specimens of Pterophorus Loewii; by the Rev. O. P. Cambridge.

Election of a Member.

The Baron Maximilian de Chaudoir was balloted for, and elected a Member of

the Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Stevens exhibited a specimen of Pieris Daplidice, taken by Mr. Shickle on the

Kentish coast.

Mr. Bond exhibited specimens of Laphygma exigua and Heliothis armigera, taken

at Freshwater; also single examples of Noctua flammatra and Leucania extranea,

from the same locality ; these two last-mentioned species being additions to the list

of British Noctuz, and the latter especially remarkable as not being hitherto recorded

as an European insect, although found in various parts of America, Asia and Aus-

tralia.

Mr. Bond also exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Matthews, a specimen of Aspilates

sacraria, taken by him in Devonshire; and on the part of Mr. Lynch, a fine specimen

of Acidalia rubricaria, taken in Kent.

Mr. Smith exhibited a specimen of Aspilates sacraria, taken on Banstead Downs,

on the 22nd of August last; and a number of the original drawings of the illustrations

of Roesel’s ‘ Insecten Belustigung, lent to him by Dr. Gunther.

Dr. Allchin exhibited a specimen of Lycena beetica, taken near Brighton on the

7th of August last, and the first known instance of the occurrence of the species in

Britain ; and an example of Leucania extranea taken near Lewes on the 9th of Sep-

tember. He also exhibited specimens of Coremia ferrugata and the variety called

unidentata by Haworth, taken in copula.

Dr. Allchin also exhibited beautiful drawings of Lycena beetica and Leucania

extranea, made by Mr. W. S. Coleman.

Mr. Stainton observed with reference to the occurrence of L. beetica in England,

that the species is usually rare in the north of Paris, but this season it had been very

abundant in the north of France, and also in the Channel Islands; it was not, there-

fore, to be wondered at that it should have reached our southern coast.

Mr. Stainton exhibited a specimen of Pterophorus brachydactylus, taken in Cum-

berland by Mr. Hodgkinson ; this being the second British specimen of the insect, of

which a single specimen had occurred in Norfulk more than twelve years ago.

Mr. Stainton exhibited a drawing of a new species of Lithocolletis (L. Helianthemi)

with a cocoon of the insect; the habit of this species was altogether abnormal, as the

larva, which mines the under side of the leaves of the Helianthemum vulgare, quits the

mine to undergo the change to the pupa state, and forms a flattish, white cocoon, very

similar to those formed by some larve of the genus Gracilaria. The perfect insect

has considerable resemblance to L. sylvella, and, despite the habit of the larva, appears

to be a veritable Lithocolletis. Mr.S. has received the drawing and cocoons from

Herr Hofmann, of Ratisbon.

Mr. F. Moore exhibited the larve of the Eria moth, of Bengal (S. Ricini, Boisd.),

and of the hybrid between it and the Eria of China (S. Cynthia, Drury), reared from

eggs received from M. Guerin-Menéville. The larve have been fed on the castor-oil

plant (Ricinus Palma-Christi).

Mr. Gorham exhibited some Coleoptera taken near Westerham, including Amara

ruficincta, Tetratoma Desmarestii and Philonthus thermarum; also Stenolophus Skrim-

shiranus, from Hammersmith.

Mr. Trimen exhibited a further portion of the entomological collection made

by him in South Africa, and part of which had been exhibited at the September

meeting of the Society ; amongst the Lepidoptera were some splendid Hepialide and

Zygenide.

Dr. Knaggs exhibited some specimens of a species of Ino, which he considered

might be distinct from the known British species, Ino Statices and I. Globularie: he

also exhibited a singular mass of cocoons found on a twig of the Virginian creeper,

at Kentish Town, which Mr. Westwood pronounced to be the cocuvons of Microgaster

alyearius.

Mr. Janson exhibited a specimen of Emus hirtus, taken at Southend hy

Mr. Haward; and an example of the true Anchomenus elongatus, Dejean, taken by

Mr. Brewer at Southwold, Suffolk,—the specimen, which is unique as British, now

belongs to the collection of Mr. Jeakes.

Mr. Janson read some extracts from Henry Mann, Esq., of Mercarra in Coorg,

Madras Presidency, respecting a species of Coccus, which has done much injury to

the coffee plantations in that part of India.

Mr. Mitford stated that he had recently captured a single larva of Deilephila

Euphorbiz in the Isle of Wight.

The Larve of the Gnat.

Mr. Westwood read a letter from Mr. Swan, which stated that whilst trying some

experiments in bleaching materials for paper, he had occasion to use some rain-water

swarming with the larve of the gnat. Wanting to make some strong alkaline ley, he

put 2 oz. of soda (used for washing) with 2 oz. of quick-lime into a pint of the water,

whereupon the larve darted about as usual, and did not appear in the least incon-

venienced after the soda was dissolved and the lime slacked, nor did they succumb till

the water was placed over a fire to be boiled. Knowing that chloride of lime was

very destructive in killing fish (from seeing the effects of the spent liquor thrown by

the paper-makers into the river, after having used it for bleaching their pulp), he tried

the effect of it upon these larva in two quarts of water, in which over 1 fb. of bleaching

salts (or chloride of lime) was thoroughly dissolved, and which was so strong that

after stirring it up with the hand he was obliged to anoint it with some oil to take off

the injurious effect produced upon the skin; these larve, however, seemed quite at

home and comfortable, if anything a little more lively, even after having been in the

liquor an hour and a half.

Observations on Sitaris humeralis.

Mr. Smith read some remarks on Sitaris humeralis by Mr. Stone, in which the

writer, after stating that his attention had been directed to these insects on some old

walls in the neighbourhood of Brighthampton, by a paper by Mr. J. W. Douglas,

published in No. 149 of the ‘ Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer,’ observes :—

“On the 17th of August the insect made its first appearance this season, and in

the course of that day I secured seven specimens. On the following day I obtained

four more, and on the third and fourth days a couple of dead ones. Nota single

specimen was to be met with from this period till the 3rd of September, when the

insect again appeared, and this time in great profusion. I procured that day upwards

of thirty specimens, and they have been coming out daily, in numbers apparently

varying somewhat, according to the temperature, from that time to the present

(September 27th).

“ When the insect first began to appear in the winged state I set about exploring

the cells of the bee upon which it was said to be parasitic. In doing this I obtained

three or four larve just about to become pupe. The change from one state to the

other reminded me more than anything else of a ‘ dissolving view.’ First, there was

a distinct picture in the shape of a white, fat larva; presently an obscurity began to

extend itself over the picture, gradually becoming more and more dense, and after a

while as gradually clearing away, when an entire change was found to have taken

place ; and instead of a white, fat larva, there was to be seen an amber-coloured object,

in shape much like a coffee-berry, loosely enveloped in a semi-transparent covering.

Having removed several of these coverings, and examined them with the aid of a

powerful Jens, they appear to me to be the skins of bee larve, and if so, it is clear the

Sitaris larva must feed upon the body of the bee larva, living and undergoing its

changes inside the latter.

“T obtained a considerable number of pupz, which were found in groups, each

group consisting of from three or four to ten or twelve, and each pupa occupying a cell

of the bee upon which the insect is parasitic. .

“The perfect insects make their way out of the cells in which they have been bred by

gnawing away the mortar or dirt of whch they are composed. The females, on emerging,

station themselves just outside the cells they have quitted, and there await the coming

of the males. They are not in general long without a partner, for by some curious

arrangement they mostly contrive to emerge in pairs. Copulation takes place without

loss of time, and in a brief space (generally not longer than three or four minutes)

impregnation is effected, and the female, without removing from the situation she has

been occupying, proceeds to deposit her eggs. They are deposited in immense masses,

sometimes in the roof of the cell she has just vacated, or if not there, then in some con-

venient cranny or crevice immediately adjoining.

“IT have observed many instances of females dying, apparently of exhaustion,

before they had completed the task of depositing their eggs; and in any case they

appear to survive its accomplishment but a very brief period. The males also appear

to be almost as short-lived as the females.

“‘ Nature would seem to have given these creatures wings merely by way of orna-

ment, for I have never seen either sex make the least attempt to use thew, aérial exer-

cise being a thing they seem never to dream of taking ; indeed, they appear to be of

the most sluggish habits, rarely, if ever, quitting the wall in which their whole life has

peen passed, but to it they cling with amazing tenacity, and it requires some degree

of force to compel them to loose their hold.”

Mr. Smith observed that having examined the “semi-transparent coverings ”

alluded to by Mr. Stone, which that gentleman had forwarded to him, he was of opinion

that they were not the skins of bee larve, as supposed by Mr. Stone, but the cast skins

of the larve of Sitaris.

Mr. Lubbock said that M. Fabre had recently published, in the ‘ Annales des

Sciences Naturelles,’ an interesting account of the habits and metamorphoses of Sitaris.

After much trouble he convinced himself that the active little hexapod larva, after fixing

itself to the body of the bee, patiently awaits the deposition of an egg, at which moment

it quits the bee and attaches itself to the fresh-laid egg. After devouring the yolk it

swims about for awhile in the empty egg-shell, and then, after undergoing the first

metamorphosis, commences to eat up the honey. M. Fabre is so excellent an observer,

and his paper is evidently written with so much care, that this statement is pro-

bably correct, in which case Mr. Stone must be wrong in supposing that the Sitaris

larva feeds on the body of the bee larva. Mr. Stone will be doing good service

to Entomology if he is able, in a future season, to confirm the interesting observa-

tions made by M. Fabre.

Mr. Westwood stated that he had himself made nearly the same observations as

Mr. Stone, on the habits of the perfect Sitaris, many years ago, in a village, in Oxford-

shire, when he had found it usually abundant, and had succeeded in rearing the larve

from the eggs laid by the females. He had since been favoured, by Madame Audouin,

with permission to make copies of the extensive series of observations made on the

habits and transformations of the same species, by the late lamented Prof. Audouin,

which he promised to lay before the Society at a future opportunity.

Part 3 of the current volume of the Society’s ‘Transactions’ was on the

table.

November 7, 1859.

Dr. Gray, President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to

the donors : —‘ Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool,’

No. 13; presented by the Society. ‘Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Natu-

ralistes de Moscou,’ 1858, Nos. 2,3 and 4; 1859, No.1; by the Society. ‘ Farm

Insects, Part 6; by the Author, John Curtis, Esq., F.L.S. ‘The Zoologist’ for

November; by the Editor. ‘ List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the

Collection of the British Museum,’ Part 18—Pyralides ; by the Author, Francis Walker,

Esq., F.L.S. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for October ; by the Society. ‘The

Atheneum’ for September; by the Editor. ‘ The Literary Gazette’ for October; by

the Editor. ‘ Catalogus Hemipterorum, Herausgegeben von dem Entomologischen

Verein zu Stettin;’ ‘Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, Nos. 7—9; by the Ento-

mological Society of Stettin. ‘The Entomologist's Weekly Intelligencer, Vol. vi.

and Nos._158—162; by H. T. Stainton, Esq.

Election of a Subscriter.

E. C. Rye, Esq., of King’s Road, Chelsea, was balloted for, and elected a Sub-

scriber to the Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited, on the part of Dr. Power, two new British species of

Coleoptera, viz., Donacia obscura of Gyllenhal, Lacordaire, &c., determined by Mr.

Waterhouse ; and Philonthus fuscus, Gravenh., determined by Dr. Power. The Do-

nacia was sent to Dr. Power by Mr. Somerville, of Glasgow ; it is most nearly allied

to D. Lemne, but is of an uniform bronze, inclining to lead-colour, has the posterior

thighs more strongly dentate; the tarsi longer ; the third joint relatively rather longer,

the punctures of the strie of elytra finer; the form of the hinder tibiz also differs, &c.

Of the Philonthus there are two specimens, one taken at Shirley and the other at

Merton, in July of the present year.

Mr. Waterhouse then exhibited from his own collection :—

1. A specimen of Philonthus fuscus, Grav., taken by him at Southend, at the be-

ginning of September, 1858 ; it differs somewhat from Dr. Power's specimens (which

have the thorax black, inclining to pitchy behind), in having the thorax red, with the

fore-half pitchy ; this, it would appear froin the descriptions, is the more common

colour of the part in question. In all the specimens exhibited the elytra are red,

with the apex pitchy. Mr. Waterhouse added that Mr. Douglas has also taken this

insect.

2. Tachinus laticollis, Grav., Kraatz. Mr. Waterhouse stated that he is

indebted to Mr. Constantine for a pair of this insect, which, according to Mr. Con-

stanline, is not uncommon near Blackburn, in Lancashire. He had long searched for

this insect in vain, both in the neighbourhood of London and in the New Forest, sus-

pecting, from its range on the Continent, that it would be found here. By Erichson

it is regarded as a variety of Tachinus marginellus, but it appears to Mr. Waterhouse

that Dr. Kraatz is justified in again separating it asa species. Mr. Constantine,

who takes both insects, states that he readily distinguishes them.

3. Tomoxia bucephala, Costa, Mulsant. = Mordella fasciata, Payk., Gyll. Mr.

Waterhouse has seen this insect mixed with specimens of the Mordella fasciata, Faé.,

in several of the London collections. The Tomoxia is distinguished by differences in

the structure of the antenne and by differences in the relative length of the inter-

mediate tibie and tarsi; but the most obvious distinction is in the large size and

nearly square form of the scutellum, which is emarginate behind. In Mordella the

scutellum is small and triangular.

4, Byturus fumatus, Linn. Like the preceding, seems to be confounded with a

nearly allied species. It differs from M. tomentosus in having the elytra more elon-

gate and the eye much larger; the antenne also are inserted close to the anterior

angle of the eye, whilst in M. tomentosus they are somewhat remote from that organ.

Tenebrio Molitor, specimens having deformities produced by injuries received by

the larve. Oue specimen has the thorax shorter and broader than usual, and cor-

responds most closely with the insect upon which Mr, Stephens founds his Tenebrio

laticollis; this type-specimen is evidently deformed. One specimen, exhibited by

Mr. Waterhouse, had not the full number of joints to the antenne, and the joints

forming the club were much deformed, and more or less anchylosed. A second speci-

men was remarkable only for having one of the hind legs much smaller than the

other.

Mr. Stevens exhibited a box of Coleoptera, chiefly Geodephaga, taken in the

neighbourhood of Rio, by Mr. Squire.

Mr. Syme exhibited a beautiful drawing of the larva of Sphinx Convolvuli, drawn

from Nature by Mrs. Syme; he also exhibited the following Lepidoptera, taken during

the past season on the South Coast, viz., Leucania vitellina, Heliothis armigera,

Ennomos fuscantaria and Phibalapteryx gemmaria.

Mr. Bond exhibited a fine Phycis, new to this country, taken in Dorsetshire by

the Rev. Mr. Green; and a specimen of Ancylocheira fasciata, Fab., found alive in

Oxford Street, in July last.

Mr. Janson exhibited a specimen of Hydrochus carinatus, Germar, a species new

to the British list, one of two taken by Mr. T. P. Dossetor, at the beginning of May

last, in Holme Fen, Huntingdonshire ; and an example of Mycetophagus quadrigut-

tatus, Muller (M. pubescens, Steph.), found about three weeks since, by Mr. R.

M‘Lachlan, in a fungus on an oak, near Beckenham, Kent, and remarked that the

present individual, one in the cabinet of the late Mr. Stephens, from the neighbour-

hood of Portsmouth, and one taken by Mr. Waterhouse, in the corridor of the Crystal

Palace, at Sydenham, in April, were the only indigenous examples of this species he

had yet seen.

Mr. Stainton exhibited some specimens of Micro-Lepidoptera, collected in South

Africa by Mr. Trimen, amongst which was a beautiful Neurophora, which, unlike the

known species of that genus, was adorned with elegant markings ; some specimens of

the genus Coleophora, though in bad condition, were interesting as the first extra-

European examples of that genus which had been met with.

Mr. Stainton also exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Birks, of York, a specimen of An-

chocelis rufina, with an expanded tuft of hairs inserted beneath the abdomen, on the

side of the third segment; a similar brush had existed on the opposite side, but had

become detached whilst being microscopically examined. Mr. Stainton said it had

been suggested that this was a peculiarity of the male A. rufina, and Mr. McLachlan

remarked that he had noticed it in other specimens.

Mr. Trimen exhibited some apparently nondescript Coleoptera and Lepidoptera,

from South Africa.

Dr. Allchin exhibited an example of Luperina Dumerilii, taken at Brighton on the

26th September last.

“Mr. Pascoe exhibited some longicorn beetles sent from Batchian by Mr. A. R.

Wallace, and furnished the following characters of two of the species :—

CERAMBYX AUREIPENNIS.

C. ater; prothorace elongato, mutico, antice angustato, disco tuberculis tribus

nitidis ; elytris sericeo-aurantiacis ; antennis corpore brevivribus. Long.

8 lin. Batchian.

TMESISTERNUS LOTOR.

T. oblongo-ovatus, fulvo-brunneus ; capite, prothorace, elytris plagis tribus anticis,

fascia post-mediana, maculisque apicalibus flavo-griseis ; geniculis nigris.

Long. 9 lin. Batchian.

Mr. G. Wailes communicated the following :—

Rhododendrons and their Enemies.

“Mr. Noble’s communication, as to the destruction done to his Rhododendrons,

reminds me of the doings of the larva of Mamestra Brassica amougst mine. Many

years ago when the variety was scarce in gardens, these larve nearly ate up the whole

of the young foliage of a plant of Rhododendron caucasicum album in a very few

days, and on detecting the mischief I picked off some dozens of them. Since that

ume I have occasionally seen marks of their handiwork on the lower leaves of R. pon-

ticum, especially where the branches swept the surface of the turf. This year they

have flown at nobler game, and made sad havoc in a house which I have devoted to

the growing of the Sikhim aud Bhootan species. My collection of these fine plants

wants only some three or four to include in it all the introduced species, and consists

of more than a hundred plants. I mention this to show that the larve had full choice

of food before them, whilst their attacks have been confined to the following,—glau-

cum, barbatum, Maddeni, Hookeri, Windsori and Jenkinsi, and of these the plants

were scattered about in different parts of the house, intermingled with the other sorts.

I need hardly add that the mischief was done at night, and evidently by larve

of nearly full growth, as may be seen by the leaves I enclose, and, as I found to be

the case, when I managed to capture the offenders. My impression is that a female

moth had gained access by the open windows, and had deposited her eggs on some

other plants in the house, and I noticed that some young Chinese primroses, &c., had

their leaves partially eaten, which I concluded was the work of small slugs, and that

it was not till other food failed, or the larve had acquired a taste for roaming, that

they had recourse to the Rhododendrons. I have also observed that the larva of some

Tortrix attacks and twists up the small leaves which terminate the growth of such

species as R. Dalhousie, Edgworthii and formosum, but have not yet succeeded in

rearing the species. The damage is very trifling, as they don’t appear to meddle with

the dormant buds.

“ Another curious circumstance connected with these plants I have noticed as regards

the habits of what is termed “ the white scale,’ a species of Aspidiotus. This pest, as

is well known to all plant growers, confines its attacks almost exclusively to the under

sides of leaves, where it often escapes the vigilance of the gardener. In the case of

one of my plants of R. Edgworthii, from a nursery, it had established itself on the upper

surface along the midrib, and on the depressed veins caused in this species by the

bullate areoles of its beautiful leaves. To this locality it had evidently been driven by

the thick tomentum which covers the stems and under sides of the leaves, and so pre-

vents its attaching itself to the surface of the leaf itself Here, unfortunately for its

safety, it at once strikes the eye and is readily destroyed.

“ The very young leaves of several of the species have suffered also from the doings

of the larve of one of the Tenthredinide, I think an Athalia, which in summer

attacks almost all plants under glass, and seems a general feeder, eating the leaves

half through from the under side. ‘This I will endeavour to rear, notwithstanding the

almost irresistible inclination one naturally feels to be rid of it, and to ascertain what

it really is.”

A paper by Mr. S. Stone was read, entitled

Facts connected with the History of a Wasp’s Nest ; with Observations on Ripiphorus

paradoxus.

In this paper Mr. Stone shows that having taken a nest of Vespa vulgaris, and

having destroyed the entire community, he placed it in an apartment near to a com-

munity of the same species, which he had previously obtained; that members of the

latter community at once proceeded to feed the grubs in the stranger-nest, and to

construct a covering, which they completed in about a week. At the end of three

weeks Mr. Stone found, to his surprise, that the cells were occupied with eggs and

pupe in every stage of growth; and as by that time all the eggs and pup in the

nest, when first taken, must have been either full grown and spun up, or must have

become perfect wasps, it was clear that all those observed in the cells must have been

deposited subsequently to the nest, having been taken.

As none of the wasps driven out of the nest when this excommunication took

place were queens, all being of the ordinary size of workers, Mr. Stone concludes that

the eggs were those of workers, and as the whole brood which were subsequently

developed were workers, it appeared that the results went partly to confirm Dr.

Ormerod’s observations, published in the ‘ Zoologist,’ last August, namely, that

workers deposit eggs which produce workers ; Dr. Ormerod, however, obtained males

as well as workers from a nest which was deprived of its queen. The latter writer

having removed a nest from a shrub, found that three or four straggling workers recon-

structed the nest, and both eggs and grubs were found in it; this nest was also

removed, and a third was consiructed by a few workers and eggs deposited in

the cells ; not one wasp being observed or found in the nest. Mr. Stone also found

numbers of Ripiphorus paradoxus, a beetle parasitic in nests of Vespa vulgaris: the

discovery was too late in the season for Mr. Stone to observe in what manner

the young grub of the beetle obtained its nourishment; one fact was, however,

noticed, — that Ripiphorus is covered in the cell of the wasp, in the same way as the

pupa of the latter insect, by a silken convex cap.

Mr. Smith observed that doubtless every entomologist was acquainted with the

details of Professor Siebold’s work on ‘A True Parthenogenesis, in which the won-

derful but simple means were detailed whereby the eggs of the queen bee were ren-

dered capable of producing fertile females and workers; and, having read Dr.

Ormerod’s highly interesting paper on the Vespide (Zool. 6641), in which the author

apparently proves that worker wasps can and do deposit eggs which develope workers

and also males, and having heard in Mr. Stone’s paper a strong corroborative case

described, he naturally was led to ask the question,—Is the wasp, then, differently

organized to the honey-bee? This question he was not in a position to answer.

It did appear, as a thing proved, that worker wasps, without a possibility of copu-

lation, were capable of depositing eggs, and that those eggs developed both workers

and males. That no copulation could have taken place was proved by the fact that

not a single male was developed uutil six weeks later in the season. Another

question forced itself upon his mind, as to whether parthenogenesis, as detailed by

Siebold in reference to impregnation, applied equally to the social Vespide as to the

social honey-bee ; in fact, was it a general law applying to all social hymenopterous

insects? ‘Phe details before the Meeting appeared to give an answer in the negative.

Mr. Smith further observed that, for his own part, he could not, as the question

stood, but think that there had been some defective observation, and that further and

more close attention to the subject might possibly prove this to have been the case.

Dr. Ormerod got over the difficulty by supposing some of the small queens—or large

workers, as they in fact are—hybernated throughout the winter, being, like the queens,

impregnated the previous season ; but to this Mr. Smith could not assent; it was con-

trary to the observations of all previous observers. He had himself found, during his

researches the last twenty years, great numbers of hybernating wasps, but all had been

the large queens: he had never known of a single worker having been thus discovered.

If worker wasps hybernated, and were capable of continuing their kind, whence any

necessity for queen-wasps at all ?—Z. S.

December 5, 1859.

Dr. Gray, President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be pre-

sented to the donors: —‘ Genera des Coléoptéres, par M. T. Lacordaire, Tome v.,

and ‘ Atlas, Livraison 1; presented by the Author. ‘ Monographie des Elatérides,’

par M. E. Candéze; by the Author. ‘Transactions of the Zoological Society,

Vol. iv. Part 6; by the Society. ‘Farm Insects,’ Part 7; by the Author, John

Curtis, Esq., F.L.S. ‘The Zoologist’ for December; by the Editor. ‘The Pro-

ceedings of the Zoological Society, 1859, Part 2; by the Society. ‘The Atheneum’

for October and November; by the Editor. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for November;

by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for November; by the Society.

‘ The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer, Nos. 163 to 166; by H. T. Stainton, Esq.

Election of Members.

Roland Trimen, Esq., 71, Guildford Street, Russell Square, and Henry Johnson,

Esq., 31, St. Mark’s Crescent, Regent’s Park, were balloted for and elected Members

of the Society.

Exhibitions.

Dr. Wallace exhibited some specimens of the Coquilla nut from South America,

the kernels of which had been eaten by the larva of Bruchus Bactris, of which he also

exhibited examples.

Mr. Janson stated that he had had the larva of this species alive for the last five

months.

Dr. Wallace also exhibited some specimens of Myrmica domestica, which he had

lately found in great numbers in his own residence: as this was in the immediate

neighbourhood of the British Museum, he thought the authorities of that establish-

ment ought to take every precaution to prevent it from obtaining an entrance therein,

as it appeared to be impossible to exterminate them when they once obtained a

lodgment, the nests apparently being situated in the foundations of the houses.

Mr. Baly exhibited a fine new Hispa, sent from Batchian by Mr. Wallace, and

read the following description of it :—

“ OxYCEPHELA IMPERIALIS.

“ Elongata, subdepressa, pallide fulva, nitida; antennis (basi excepto) piceis;

thorace transverso-quadrato, basi ad apicem paullo ampliato, crebre punctato ;

elytris postice attenuatis, metallico-cyaneis, apice externo rufis, fascia lata

obliqua, vix ante mediam posita, extrorsum abbreviata, pallide fulva.

Long. 7 lin.

“ Hab. Batchian.”

Mr. Stainton exhibited a specimen of Margarodes unionalis, a species new to

Britain, taken by Mr. King, at Torquay.

Mr. Fereday exhibited a beautiful series of Sphinx Convolvuli, captured this

season; anda variety of Colias Edusa, having the central spot on the anterior wings

much suffused on the under side.

Dr. Knaggs brought for distribution amongst the members a number of specimens

of Amara plebeia, found in his own field at Kentish Town.

Mr. Tegetmeier exhibited specimens of Apis ligustica, of which he had lately

received living examples of the queen and workers from the Continent, where it is

considered a more profitable species to the owner than the common honey bee; he

hoped, during the next season, to test the correctness of this opinion.

Mr. Stainton read a paper “ On the Geographical Distribution of British Butter-

flies.”

Some conversation ensued on the probability that the few examples of Vanessa

Antiopa, Argynnis Lathonia, &c., which are found in this country, are specimens bred

on the Continent, and flown across the channel during favourable weather. Mr. Water-

house observed that whilst crossing from Liverpool to Dublin in a steamer, a few years

ago, on a remarkably calm day, when the sea was as smooth as glass, he noticed the

surface of the water was literally covered with butterflies and other insects, which

seemed to keep pace with the steamer; thousands of them must have crossed the

channel that day: he was convinced that the powers of flight possessed by insects

could hardly be over-estimated.

The Secretary read a paper by Mr. Wallace, intituled “ Notes on the Habits of

Scolytide and Bastrichide,” in which the author expressed his opinion (founded on

extensive observations of the habits of those insects in the islands of the Eastern

Archipelago) that they only attack trees which are already in a diseased or dying

state.

January 2, 1860.

J. O. Westwoop, Esq., F.L.S., in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to

the donors :— The Transactions of the Linnean Society, Vol. xxii, Part 4 ; ‘ Jounal

of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society,’ Vol. iv. No. 15; presented by the Society.

‘Exotic Butterflies, Part 33; by W. W. Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., &ce. ‘The Entomo-

logist’s Annual ’ for 1860; by the Editor, H. T. Stainton, Esq. ‘The Zoologist’ for

January ; by the Editor. ‘The Atheneum’ for November and December; by the

Editor. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for December; by the Editor. ‘ The Journal of the

Society of Arts’ for December ; by the Society. ‘ Descriptions of some Asiatic Lepi-

dopterous Insects belonging to the Tribe Bombyces,’ by Frederick Moore, Assistant to

the Natural-History Department of the Museum, India House; by the Author. ‘ List

of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum,’

Part xix. Pyralides ; by the Author, Francis Walker, Esq. F.L.S., &c. ‘ Catalogue of

British Coleoptera,’ sheets H and I; by the Author, G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., F.Z.S.

Election of a Member and Subscribers.

J. W. May, Esq., 19, Clifton Road, St. John’s Wood, was balloted for and elected

a Member of the Society ; and R. G. Keeley, Esq., 11, Sydney Terrace, Marlborough

Road, Chelsea, and W.G. Pelerin, Esq, 28, Hertford Road, De Beauvoir Square, were

elected Subscribers to the Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Samuel Stevens exhibited a large box of insects of various orders, sent from

Siam by M. Mouhot.

Mr. Groves exhibited a specimen of Libellula pectoralis of De Selys, a dragon-fly

new to Britain, taken in June near Sheerness.

Mr. Westwood exhibited a small Lepidopterous larva with eight ventral and two

anal prolegs, preserved in spirits, which he had received from a correspondent, who,

whilst asleep, was aroused by a smart bite inflicted on his instep, and who, on exami-

nation of the part affected, discovered the larva exhibited. Mr. Westwood observed

that although some Lepidopterous larve were known to be carnivorous, and many

species in confinement would devour other larva, yet, taking for granted that the larva

exhibited was the real culprit in this case, this was the first instance he had heard of

their attacking the human species. The larva appeared to be that of one of the Tineide,

but there was no appearance of a case in which it might have resided.

Mr. Westwood also exhibited an elytron of a beetle (Broscus cephalotes) received

from Sir C. Lyell, who had sent it to him as that ofa “ fossil” beetle, having been

obtained from Mundesley, in Norfolk, from a formation containing fish remains (as

Agassiz determined them) of extinct species, although associated with recent shells.

Mr. Westwood, however, had no doubt that the elytron was a recent one, and it was

not difficult to account for it being found in such a situation, as the species is common

under marine rejectamenta on the coast, and it might readily be supposed that the

working of worms might have carried down so small an article as the elytron of a beetle.

The fact, however, possesses a certain interest in connexion with that of the flint arrow-

heads in the drift, which is attracting so much attention at the present time.

Dr. Allchin exhibited a small flask, constructed of brass, for introducing small

quantities of chloroform into pill-boxes containing Lepidoptera, for the purpose of

killing them ; he and others had experienced much inconvenience in using chloroform

for this purpose when engaged in collecting, and the instrument exhibited was calcu-

lated to remove all difficulty, as by means of it a single drop could be introduced into

a pill-box without any risk of spilling or evaporation.

Part 4 of the current volume of the ‘ Transactions,’ recently published, was on the

table.

AwniversaRY Mrerine, January 23, 1860.

H. T. Srainton, Esq., F.L.S., Vice-President, in the chair.

The Chairman read a letter from the President of the Society, Dr. Gray, stating

his absence was caused by indisposition.

Messrs. J. W. Douglas, W. W. Saunders, F. Walker and J. O. Westwood were

elected Members of the Council, in the room of Messrs. J. S. Baly, F. P. Pascoe,

F. Smith and G. R. Waterhouse.

J.W. Douglas, Esq., was elected President; S. Stevens, Esq., Treasurer; and

Messrs. Edwin Shepherd and Edward W. Janson, Secretaries.

The Chairman delivered an address on the present state and future prospects

of the Society and Entomology, for which the Meeting passed a cordial vote of

thanks.

Mr. Saunders, one of the Auditors of the Treasurer’s accounts, read an abstract

thereof, and congratulated the Meeting on the favourable state of the Society's

finances.

The Report of the Library and Cabinet Committee, adopted by the Council as its

Report to the Society, was read and received.

A vote of thanks was passed to Dr. J. E. Gray, the retiring President, for his

services to the Society during his period of office.

A vote of thanks was also passed to the retiring Members of the Council.

ie)

THE ANNIVERSARY ADDRESS.

GENTLEMEN,

Owing to the absence of our excellent President, who, I am

sorry to say, is suffering in health, I have been asked to make a few

observations this evening on the affairs of this Society and of Ento-

mology in general during the past year,

It is scarcely necessary to inform the Members now present that

our Meetings have been well attended during the past year; they

have been too well attended for the size of our room. However

pleasing it may be to us to see an increasing interest taken in the

Meetings of this Society, that pleasure is at present not unalloyed with

pain: head-ache, throbbing temples and the extreme discomfort caused

by breathing for some time a vitiated atmosphere, are the penalties to

which we are subject for the attractiveness of our favourite Science.

We number amongst our ranks many medical men, and I am sure all

will agree with me that the monthly crowding together of entomologists

in a space unfitted for their numbers must be deleterious. It might

be that were this state of things continued indefinitely, many of our

Members would succumb in this new struggle for existence, and those

entomologists best fitted to breathe our vitiated atmosphere would

have advantages over their fellows, and would become the favoured

race; and supposing they transmitted these qualifications to their

descendants, it #zght happen, in the course of a few hundred years,

that a race of entomologists would be produced who would positively

feel uncomfortable unless in rooms crowded to suffocation ; but whether

the probability of this consummation be great or not, [ think it points

to a period too remote to be immediately applicable to the present

assembly.

I am aware that there are difficulties in the way of moving a Society

which possesses a Library so extensive as ours: the expense of our

removal must necessarily be a considerable item. But yet I feel con-

vinced that if a suitable locality could be found with a meeting room

at least twice as large as this, the Society would soon derive the benefit

from the increase in its Members, more than sufficient to repay the

expenses of removal. I say a room at least twice as large as this,

because if we are to move, | think we ought to take a lesson from the

case-making larve of the genus Coleophora, and these larve when

they find their case too small and have to construct a new one, make

it more than twice the size of the old one, so that it may at least last

for a considerable time ; these larve do not like to be always making

cases, and we, as a Society, do not wish to be always moving.

During the past year we have added fifteen gentlemen to our ranks,

ten of whom have been elected Members and five Subscribers. In

the same period we have lost fonrteen—three Members by death, and

five Members and six Subscribers have resigned. It will thus be

observed we have now two Members more than last year, and one

Subscriber less; this is clearly a gain on the side of the Society.

Amongst our losses the latest, but not the least, is that of our highly

esteemed Honorary Member, Mr. Spence. The name of Spence is

so indissolubly connected with Entomology, and the Science has

benefited so largely by his labours, that we owe no common debt of

gratitude to his memory. William Spence was born in 1783, and in

the early part of his life he resided at Hull. When about ten years of

age he imbibed a slight taste for Botany, from being then under the

charge of a clergyman who had himself a fondness for that study, and,

to use Mr. Spence’s own account of the circumstance,* “ I was led from

mere boyish imitation to collect and dry plants and to copy out the

names of the Linnean classes and orders. This was the sole extent of

my then botanical acquirements, which were wholly interrapted by

going to another school ; and for the seven or eight subsequent years I

never looked at a plant. But the germ was there, and old associations

having led me to purchase at a book-sale a copy of the Lichfield

translation of the ‘Systema Vegetabilium,’ with a preliminary explan-

ation of botanical terms, I was induced first to study these and then

other introductions to the Science, till Botany became an object of my

ardent pursuit, and was followed (as in Mr. Kirby’s case) by Ento-

mology, when the plants in the neighbourhood of my residence were

exhausted.”

* Address delivered at the Anniversary Meeting of the Entomological Society of

Loudon, January 22, 1849, by William Spence, F.R.S., President.

Tt was not till the year 1805 that Mr. Spence turned his attention

to the subject of Entomology, and the order then to which he then

devoted himself was the Coleoptera. His first letter to Mr. Kirby,

written within six months of his entering upon this new field of study,

shows a vast amount of observation and of critical acumen. In those

days the literature of Entomology was less voluminous than it now

is; and the few standard authors on a group were more thoroughly

studied. Mr. Kirby, whose curiosity in regard to Mr. Spence had

already been excited by the sight of some letters which the latter

gentleman had written to a mutual friend, Mr. Marsham, was well

pleased to enter on a correspondence with so promising an incipient,

“who, so far from falling into the errors usual with beginners, determined

his species with the judgment and precision of the most experienced

naturalist.”

In June of the following year Mr. Spence visited Mr Kirby at the

Rectory at Barham, and from that time they corresponded continually,

and the mutual friendships formed lasted through life. In 1808 the

idea of the popular ‘ Introduction to Entomology’ was first broached

by Mr. Spence, and being warmly taken up by his older friend was

successfully carried out, though so many books had to be read through

with the view of collating curious observations, that a longer time was

consumed in the preparation of the work than could have been anti-

cipated in the first instance, and it was not till the spring of 1815

that the first volume appeared.

A work that is to live for many years needs a slower process of

birth than ephemeral productions.

In 1818 Mr. Spence was subject to severe head-aches, which caused

an interruption to his entomological pursuits: he was ordered to lock

up his books and cabinets, and to be “ for several years an idle man,”

and he quitted Yorkshire with his family for the more genial climate

of Exmouth, where he remained several years; but his health being

still far from reestablished he removed to the Continent in 1826,

visiting in succession most of the European capitals, and residing four

years in Italy.

In 1833 Mr. Spence took considerable interest in the formation of

this Society, and at the first Meeting of the Society, in November of

that year, he was elected an Honorary English Member, and the bye-

laws expressly stipulated that no resident in Great Britain could be

an Honorary Member, except Mr. Kirby and Mr. Spence. Since

Mr. Kirby’s death, in 1850, Mr. Spence has been our sole Honorary

English Member.

Mr. Spence contributed several notices to the early Meetings of this

Society, and in April, 1834 read some “ Observations upon a mode

practised in Italy of excluding the House Fly from Apartments,”

which was published as the first paper in the first volume of our

‘ Transactions.’

In the year 1847 Mr. Spence was elected President of this Society,

and it was very much owing to his exertions during the period that

he occupied the chair that we recovered from the extreme depression,

both in numbers and in funds, under which we were suffering at that

time. He continued very regularly to attend our Meetings till about

six years ago, when an increasing deafness prevented him from

deriving amusement from our discussions, but his interest in Ento-

mology suffered no abatement, and any one who wanted his counsel

on any point connected with the Science was sure that it would be

heartily rendered. He had always a kind word of encouragement,

and was ready even to go considerably out of his way to render a

service to his friends.

So few years have elapsed since Mr. Spence was himself contributing

notes to the obituary notice of Mr. Kirby that we are apt to overlook

the difference in age between Kirby and Spence. Mr. Kirby was

ordained the year before Mr. Spence was born; in short, he was 24

years his senior. Mr. Kirby died in the fulness of years, at the age

of 91. Mr. Spence survived his coadjutor ten years, but died at the

age of 77. His loss will long be felt by this Society, and by Ento-

mology in general.

Another loss we have to deplore is that of Dr. Horsfield, who had

the charge of the zoological treasures at the Museum of the East

India House.

Fifty years ago Dr. Horsfield was located in Java, and from the

years 1809 to 1816 he was actively employed in collecting information

with regard to the insect inhabitants of Java and the neighbouring

islands. Dr. Horsfields’ own account of his doings at that time is

too interesting not to merit a place here.

“ Harly in 1815 I resumed my entomological pursuits with

renewed energy. J had now acquired greater experience in collecting:

a number of natives had been instructed for affording that assistance

which in a hot climate was not only necessary, but greatly conduced

to the enlargement of my investigations. I was amply provided with

every convenience and facility for preserving what I had collected.

Several draughtsmen had likewise been trained, under my super-

intendence, for botanical delineations, and the skill they acquired in

those soon fitted them for the annulose department. I was therefore

enabled to enter upon a history of the metamorphoses of Javanese

Lepidoptera ;. a design which had long engaged my anxious

sulicitude.

“Although I did not, at this period, so fully conceive the para-

mount necessity of an acquaintance with the metamorphoses of

Lepidoptera, towards the establishment of a natural arrangement,

as I have.been led to do in later periods, yet I was so strongly

impressed with its essential importance in attempting a complete

history of insects, that I commenced with a fixed determination

to prosecute the enquiry with unremitted industry and zeal, to

collect all the larvee of Lepidopterous insects which I might possibly

obtain, and to trace them through the various periods of their

existence. With this view I fitted up a large apartment adjoining

my residence with breeding-cages and receptacles for chrysalides.

At the commencement of the rainy season, the period when, in

tropical climates, the foliage of vegetables is renewed, I daily went

out in search of caterpillars, accompanied by the most intelligent

of my native assistants. The caterpillars thus collected were placed

in separate breeding-cages, and several of the assistants were in-

structed to provide daily, at regular periods, the food the individuals

required, and to secure the cleanliness of the cages. As soon as the

individuals were approaching to perfection, a drawing was made of

them. The same individual which had been submitted to the

draughtsman was then separately confined, watched with the most

diligent care, and, as soon as it had passed into the state of a

chrysalis, again made the object of the pencil. A determinate

number was carefully attached to the drawing and to the cage of

the chrysalis. As soon as the perfect insect had appeared and

expanded its wings, it was secured, set and numbered in accordance

with the larva and chrysalis. During this period every possible

solicitade was employed to prevent mistakes; the original series,

consisting of the perfect insects and the chrysalides, obtained by

this mode of proceeding, and numbered in accordance with the

collection of drawings made at the same time, is now deposited

in the Museum of the Honourable Kast India Company, and affords

an authentic document of the accuracy of the details regarding

the metamorphoses of Javanese Lepidoptera.

“ During this process, the food, the date of appearance, the

peculiarities, as far as regards the abundance or the scarcity of

the species bred, were carefully recorded, with the intention of

forming a regular ‘Raupen- Calendar, according to the plan of

Schwarz, as well as for the purpose of contributing to a general

Calendar of the Fauna and Flora of the Island of Java.”

Having continued this mode of research for two seasons, the

labours of Dr. Horsfield were unexpectedly terminated by the

transfer of Java to another European power, and Dr. Horsfield

returned to England with this valuable collection of Javanese

insects. :

In this country he was soon engaged in preparing for publication

the results of his studies amongst the Lepidoptera of Java, and

in 1828 there appeared the first part of a ‘ Descriptive Catalogue

of the Lepidopterous Insects contained in the Museum of the

Honourable East India Company.’ Of this work, which was

originally intended to be completed in six parts, only one other

part appeared, and that was published in 1829. Dr. Horsfield

subsequently remarked that “It had been undertaken on a plan

which could not ensure public support, and was discontinued after

the publication of the two first numbers.”

In 1857 Dr. Horsfield brought out, with the assistance of Mr.

Frederic Moore, a ‘Catalogue of the Papiliones and Sphinges in

the East India Company’s Museum,’ forming the first volume of

a Catalogue of the Lepidoptera contained in that rich collection.

Dr. Horsfield was then upwards of eighty years of age, and the

second volume, treating of the Bombyces, was not destined to

appear under his own auspices; but we trust that volume is in

a forward state, and will not be long delayed.

Dr. Horsfield was one of the original Members of this Society,

and one of our first Vice-Presidents, but I am not aware that he

frequently attended our Meetings, though I find that, in 1834, he

took part in a discussion as to the most effectual mode of destroying

ants in houses,—a subject which you will remember was but very

recently again brought before us.

The third Member who has been removed from us by death is

Mr. John Garland, of Dorchester.

Mr. Garland had for some years devoted much of his spare time

to the pursuit of Entomology, and when I was preparing the

‘Manual of British Butterflies and Moths,” he supplhed me with

information as to the Butterflies, Sphinges and Bombyces occurring

in the neighbourhood of Dorchester. He came up to London for

medical advice two years ago, and was on several occasions present

at our Meetings.

Having now brought to a close the most solemn part of my

address, let us turn our attention for a few moments to the losses

we have sustained by the withdrawal of Members, and to our conse-

quently relative position compared with this time last year.

I have already mentioned that we have now two Members more

and one ‘Subscriber less than at our last Anniversary; but our

excellent Secretary, Mr. Shepherd, who has so kindly supplied me

with the materials wherewith to construct a report of our state of

being, has called my attention to the fact, that our list of losses has

been swollen by two or three old defaulters and absentees, whose

names have now been erased from our lists, and one gentleman, in

reply to a recent reminder of his arrears, politely informed us that he

ceased to belong to the Society when we resolved to part with the

Exotic Collections, but as he had not then the courtesy to inform us

of this fact we have only expunged his name during the past year.

Looking at our gains and losses in a commercial point of view, we

may say that we have exchanged thirteen guineas of bad and

doubtful subscription for fifteen guineas which are thoroughly good,

aud I am thankful to say that I can congratulate the Society on the

list of good men and true who have joined our ranks during the past

year. It is also interesting to bear in mind the large proportion of

new Members that we have elected; it has frequently happened that

we have elected two Subscribers for one Member in former years,

but now this state of things has been reversed, and we have elected

during 1859 two Members for each Subscriber. Members we find,

in point of fact, to be more permanent than Subscribers; a Member

will generally have determined to be an entomologist; a Subscriber

will frequently be doubtful in his own mind whether he shall devote

himself to the pursuit of our Science or not. It may be that we thus

obtain as Subscribers some who would never have become Members ;

but, on the other hand, many who are now Subscribers would cer-

tainly have joined us as Members had the inferior class not

been open to them. I trust our Subscribers will bear in mind that

they can at once be proposed as Members, if they wish it, and

thereby become eligible to the offices of the Society, and the orly

extra drain upon their purses will be the admission-fee of two

guineas.

This leads me to the consideration of our financial state. You

are aware that at this time last year, owing to the sale of our Exotic

Collections, we had in hand a heavy balance of cash. This balance

we bave contrived to reduce; £100 has been invested in the Funds,

and £70 has been expended in making additions to our Library.

Our income during the past year amounts to £181 Ils. 7d.; our

expenditure (exclusive of our investments already mentioned) to

£204 4s. 2d., leaving, at first sight, a balance on the wrong side of

the account of about £22 12s. 7d. But you are aware that the

Council came to a resolution this time last year to furnish the

‘Transactions’ gratis to all the Members and Subscribers, whether

residing in the country or in the metropolis, though by so doing it

was calculated that we should suffer av immediate loss of about £15 a

year; at the same time it was determined to raise the price of the ‘Trans-

actions’ to the public, so that the four quarterly parts should cost

very nearly as much as our annual subscription; now, having some

conscience, we felt that we could not double the price of our

quarterly parts unless we increased their size, and thus we have been

led to incur a larger expense for the ‘ Transactions’ than usual, and

these circumstances combined will more than account for increase of

expenditure over income.

And further I may mention that one of our Members has, since

I entered this room this evenivg, handed to our Treasurer a cheque

in payment of the amount of the colouring of his plates of the

Erycinide, which will almost swamp this deficiency, so that I may

congratulate you on the fact that, in spite of our giving away our

‘Transactions,’ and in spite of our increased printer’s bill, both sides

of our account balance; and our very excellent Treasurer has at this

moment, even after meeting every liability we have incurred, a

balance of £39 3s. 2d. in hand, and a certain amount of arrears of

subscription (say £10 10s.) is confidently to be reckoned upon as

good. We therefore commence the new year with most cheering

prospects; accounts balancing, cash in hand, library increased,

property in the Funds, Members increasing — everything seems

couleur de rose, except this small apartment, wherein we are

** Cabin’d, cribbed, confined.”

During the past year there have appeared four parts of our

‘ Transactions,’ containing papers by Mr. Bates, Mr. Pascoe,

Mr. Moore, Mr. Waterhouse, Mr. Saunders, Mr. Smith, Mr. Baly,

Mr. Westwood and Mr. Walker.

Mr. Bates has contributed some useful notes on the habits of

South-American butterflies. Mr. Bates’ long residence on the banks

of the Amazons has afforded him unusual opportunities of studying,

year after year, the habits of the same species, and such contributions

to entomological literature possess a value for all time.

Mr. Pascoe has contributed another paper “On New Genera and

Species of Longicorn Coleoptera,’ embracing many of the novel

forms discovered by Mr. Wallace in the Aru Islands.

Mr. Moore has furnished us with a Monograph of the Genus

Adolias, in which fifty-two species are described: this memoir is

illustrated with seven plates, in which thirty out of the fifty-two

are figured.

Mr. Waterhouse has contributed four papers on the Coleoptera of

this country ; the first on the species of Elaleride in the Stephensian

Cabinet, the second being a revision of the British species of the genus

Corlicaria, in which all the species are very carefully described, and

their distinctive characters pointed out,—such monographs of genera

are highly useful; the other two papers treat on Helerocerus and

Lathridius.

Mr. Saunders has contributed some descriptions of new species oi

the, genus Hrycina, which forms a Supplement to a paper by the

same author on the subject ten years ago, which appeared in the fifth

volume of our first series of ‘Transactions. The present paper is

illustrated by two plates.

Mr. Smith has enriched our pages with “ A Contribution to the

History of Stylops,” enumerating the species which are subject to the

attacks of these parasites, and the various parts of the globe in which

Siylopized insects have been met with.

Mr. Westwood has furnished us with a description of a new genus

of Carabide, which Mr. Bates had met with on the banks of the

Amazon.

Mr. Walker’s paper is only commenced in the last part of our

‘ Transactions ;’ it treats of undescribed Neuroptera in the rich col-

lection of Mr. Saunders.

I do not propose on the present occasion to allude to other

entomological papers which have appeared elsewhere during the past

year. I undertook at such short notice to prepare an address for this

evening that time has not permitted me to obtain as accurate a list of

the entomological works published in i859 as I could have wished, -

and rather than render an imperfect account 1 would prefer to render

none at all. Suffice it to say that the British Museum has not been

100

idle, and that several Museum ‘ Catalogues’ on various branches of

Entomology have appeared, and papers on Physiological Entomology

have been read by Mr. Lubbock before the Linnean and Royal

Societies.

The Entomological Societies on the Continent all appear to be

flourishing. Belgium and Holland have now each their Entomological

Society, and the old rivalry between Austria and Prussia is continued

in the scientific emulation of the Entomological Societies of their

respective capitals. Yet though Berlin seems to flourish, Stettin is

not extinct, and the ‘ Zeitung’ and ‘ Linnea’ still continue to make

their appearance.

One of the beneficial results of the improving prospects of the

Central Italian State will, I would fain hope, be a more thorough

investigation of the Entomology of that country. Entomologists are

still almost unknown south of the Alps and Pyrenees, yet much no

doubt of exceeding interest, much to aid us in our attempts at

classification, will yet be found even in Europe, when the less known

parts are more thoroughly explored.

The subject of Entomology, when we endeavour to reflect on the

various forms which occur in the whole globe, even in individual groups

of comparatively small extent, is so vast that when from this attempt

to grasp comprehensively a single group we turn to the entire order,

and then to the whole insect race, we may well feel overwhelmed at

the magnitude of the subject, and at the colossal proportions our -

Science must sooner or later assume. But we attack the giant piece-

meal, and the strongest must succumb to the assaults of ever-increasing

numbers.

101

Report of the Library and Cabinet Committee, adopted by the Council

as their Report to the Anniversary Meeting, 1860.

During the past year a further portion of the sum realized by the sale of the

exotic insects has been invested in the purchase of standard entomological works

for our Library, which, together with our Collections, remain in good preservation,

with the exception of some injury which, we regret to state, has been inflicted on

one of our copies of Curtis’ ‘ British Entomology’ and two or three other works,

by the extraction of the title-pages (since restored), and in attempts made to

efface from them the Society’s stamp, by the person who was last year employed

in drawing up a Catalogue of the Library, and who, we are grieved to say,

abstracted these and other books from our rooms. The injuries above mentioned

were committed for the purpose of rendering these books marketable; we have,

however, the satisfaction of adding that they have been recovered without any

expense being entailed on the Society.

We would direct attention to the present unsatisfactory state of our Collections

of British Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera and other orders, and to the desirability

of having them thoroughly re-arranged in conformity with the nomenclature now

in use. About six years back several of our Members undertook the reformation

and arrangement of the Collection of British Lepidoptera; specimens were solicited

and freely presented; the old and worthless examples of the ancient collection

were rejected, and an excellent working collection was got together and arranged

in the course of a few months; and it appears to us that a similar reform might

as readily be achieved in respect to the other orders if a few of our Members

would earnestly and unitedly take the matter in hand.

J. E. GRAY.

W. WILSON SAUNDERS.

FRANCIS P. PASCOE.

F. SMITH.

E. SHEPHERD.

102

Abstract of the Treasurer’s Accounts for 1859.

RECEIPTS.

By Balance on hand, January Ist, 1859 ssesssecceessecteceerserseeteereees 266 13

”?

Atrears Of Subscriptions 2.00. eccccsccccocsceecseescccsscceccsssscccssese Ie

Subscriptions for 1859 ...sscssecssssesecsecsscsssssccsceeees sossecsesseees LOL

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PAYMENTS.

To paid arrears for 1858:—Rent to Christmas............ 20 0 0

Mr. Newman, Printing......... its. 6

Mr. Dunn, for Oil ae4.ae-se0eeer 12S 0,10

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103

Liabilities and Assets of the Society.

Liabilities. Assets.

' Yet RN ESOS

Rent to Christmas ............ 20 0 0 Arrears of Subscriptions,

Mr. Yates for Plates ......... 013 9 OOM scacsscersecieapnontagn TO LOM aO

» Dunn for Oil 4 0 6 Ditto, doubtful £14 14 0

» Wilkinson for Printing 6 9 O Add Balance in hand...... 108 18 2

Messrs. Williams & Norgate ——

fOr IDOOKS.. sssacecscsecesess OO OO 1193. 2

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£69 15 O of the DOCIELVcecscs ssenr £49 13 2

—-——

104

February 6, 1860.

J.W. Dovuatas, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to

the donors:—‘ The Zoologist’ for February; presented by the Editor. ‘ Notes on the

Silkworms of India,’ by Capt. Thomas Hutton; by the Author. ‘Synopsis of the

known Asiatic Species of Silk-producing Moths, with Descriptions of some New

Species from India, by Frederic Moore, Assist. Museum India House; by the

Author. ‘Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung,’ 1859, Nos. 1O—12; by the Entomolo-

gical Society of Stettin. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for January; by the

Society. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for January; by the Editor. ‘Farm Insects,’

Part 8; by the Author, John Curtis, Esq., F.L.S. ‘Nouveau Guide de PAmateur

d’Insectes, par plusieurs Membres de la Societé Entomologique de France’; by H.'T.

Stainton, Esq. ‘An Address delivered at the Anniversary Meeting of the Entomo-

logical Society of London, on Monday, January 23, 1860’; by H. T. Stainton, Esq.

‘Notice of the Presentation of the Hope Collections to the University of Oxford’; by

J.O. Westwood, Esq., M.A., &c.

Election of a Subscriber.

Arthur E. Crafter, Esq., of Tokenhouse Yard, was balloted for and elected a

Subscriber to the Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. W. W. Saunders exhibited two fine Orthoptera, a Phasma from New South

Wales, and a Gryllus from Peru, both insects being entirely covered with diverging

spines.

Mr. Stevens exhibited specimens of a species of Coccyx allied to C. strobilana,

Linn., but much larger; he had recently bred them from cones of Conus Benthammiana,

received from California.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited specimens of a species of Bembidium, which he stated

he had had in his collection for many years separated as a distinct species, but hitherto

had been unable to identify with any description. The insect in question greatly

resembles the Leja lampros of our collections, but differs in being shorter and

broader, and in having the antenne entirely black; the legs, moreover, are entirely

black, or with a mere indistinct trace of rufo-piceous in the tibie; the head is broader

than that of L. lampros, the frontal ridge relatively much broader, and the lateral sulci

less strong; the thorax is broader and relatively shorter, less contracted behind, the

sides more strongly rounded, and here the rounded outline is continued almost to the

posterior angle. In B. lampros the side is distinctly sinuated at a greater distance

above the angle, and the angle thus becomes prominent and somewhat acute, whereas

in the insect exhibited the angle is a right angle; the transverse depression on the

back of the thorax is less strongly marked, and the lateral fovee are smaller; the

elytra are shorter, more ovate, and more convex; the strie scarcely differ, excepting

that the punctures are a little less strong.

105

Mr. Waterhouse has no note of the locality of the original specimens of his

collection: he had recently seen the insect in a box of Coleoptera sent by Mr. J.

C. Dale to be named, and he had procured two other specimens from a collection

which formerly belonged to Mr. Walker, of Mansfield.

Upon a former occasion, in attempting to identify this insect with descriptions,

he had considered the account given by Gyllenhal of the colour of the legs in

his B. nigricornis was such as to preclude the identification of the present insect with

Gyllenhal’s; but considering that in other respects the description in the ‘ Insecta

Suecica’ agrees with the insect exhibited, he was now inclined to apply the name

“ nigricornis ” to the species, and to suppose that the discrepancy was more apparent

than real as regards the colour of the legs.

Mr. Janson exhibited five species of Coleoptera not hitherto recorded as inhabit-

ants of Britain, and made the following remarks concerning them :—

Quedius truncicola, Fairmaire, Faune Ent. Frang. i. 538, 14 (1856). Nearly

allied to Q. fulgidus, F., and bearing a very close resemblance to Erichson’s var. 3

(niger, pedibus piceis, abdomine rufo-brunneo basi nigricante”), but from which it

may be distinguished by its punctured scutellum. I captured the two specimens

exhibited, the only individuals I have yet seen, under bark of elm; one near Totten-

ham, on the 29th October, 1848, the other near Hampstead about a fortnight since.

In the first of these the punctures on the scutellum are so few and ill defined as to be

scarcely perceptible.

Haploglossa rufipennis, Kraatz, Naturgesch. d. Ins. Deutschl. ii. 81, 3 (1856).

Distinguished from its near ally, H. pulla, Gyll. Eric. Kraatz, by its more parallel

form, closer and much finer punctuation, and the colour of the elytra, which are red,

with a dark patch in the region of the scutellum, and at the outer posterior angles.

Found by Mr. Wollaston in sand-pits on Reigate Common, on the 26th June, 1857,

and by myself in brushing in the same place on the 6th July, 1859.

Cryphalus Fagi, Fab. A single individual taken by myself, at Hampstead, on the

31st July, 1859, amongst the refuse of a stack of faggots. The narrow subcylindrical

form, long elytra, prominent tubercles or processes on the anterior portion of the tho-

rax, and red legs and antenna, distinguish this species. Mr. Gorham informs me

that he has recently found some numbers of a Cryphalus in bark of beech, at Wester-

ham, Kent, and which will probably prove to be specifically identical with the

example now before the meeting. 4

Cryphalus Abietis, Ratzeb. Two specimens given me by the Rev. A. H.

Matthews, by whom they were taken from bark of firs, in the vicinity of his residence

at Gumley, Leicestershire. Distinguished by the tubercles on the anterior portion of

the thorax being few in number and irregular in their distribution (not in concentric

rows), the regular strize of punctures and the short pubescence of the elytra. The

legs and antenne are red; the club of the latter pitchy black.

Anthicus bimaculatus, Nliger, Schmidt, de Laferté, var. 8B. A single example, given

me by Mr. Joseph Chappell, of Pendleton, near Manchester, by whom it was sent up

to me, together with a number of other Coleoptera for determination, and who in-

forms me that it was taken during the past summer on the Lancashire coast. Readily

distinguished from all the species of the genus yet ascertained as indigenous to

106

Britain, by its large size, pallid hue and obovate convex elytra. The normal form,

that first described by Illiger, has a triangular black dorsal spot on-each elytron a

little behind the middle, but of this in the specimen exhibited there exists scarcely any

indication. M. de Laferté, Monogr. des Anthicites, 149 (1848), remarks “ that the

individuals from the shores of the ocean are generally paler than those from the

eastern countries of Europe, and that those from the coasts of France and Belgium

are entirely destitute of the discoidal spot.”

Mr. Janson also exhibited the following rare species :—

Philonthus fuscus, Grav. Taken by himself in a boletus on an ash, near Hornsey,

Middlesex, on the 19th ultimo.

Oxylaemus cylindricus, Panz., Eric.. Found by Turner about ten days since, in

bark of oak in the New Forest, near Brockenhurst.

Tomicus monographus, F. The male, apparently very rare, conspicuous by having

the anterior margin of the thorax triawgularly produced with the apex recurved 5

found by Turner at the same time and under the same circumstances as the foregoing.

Erichson (Naturgesch. d. Ins. Deutsch]. iii. 284, 1845), adds to his description of

Oxylaemus cylindricus: ‘‘ In oaks, rare. Found by Professor Ratzeburg and myself

in the burrows of Bostrichus monographus.” It is therefore interesting to find the

two species associated in this country.

Platydema violaceum, F. Likewise taken by Turner, under bark of oaks, at the

same time and in the same locality as the two preceding.

The President remarked that he had hiuwself taken Philonthus fuscus, under

bark of trees infested by the larve of Cossus ligniperda, and Mr. Shepherd stated that

he also had met with this species in similar situations.

Mr. Sealy exhibited a beautiful series of varieties of Colias Edusa, including the

white female variety (Helice, Hub.), and examples forming links from it to the typical

insect: also a specimen of Sphinx Pinastri, said to have been captured by a young

entomologist whilst flying about a fir-tree at Romsey, Hants.

The President remarked that, with the exception of the specimens said to have

been received by the late Dr. Leach many years ago from the neighbourhood of

Edinburgh, there was no record of the capture of this species in Britain, although so

abundant in many parts of Europe; he inquired of Mr. Sealy whether there was any

likelihood of the specimen exhibited being a foreign example which had been

inadvertently placed amongst insects from the locality mentioned.

Mr. Sealy replied that the reputed captor had some time previously visited

Switzerland, and there taken a few insects, but he was assured that the S. Pinastri

was not one of the Swiss captures; moreover, he (Mr. Sealy) believed that country

was not a locality for S. Pinastri.

Mr. Stainton observed that Mr. Sealy was mistaken, as the insect is well known

in Switzerland ; it was, however, only fair to state that from his knowledge of

the habits of S. Pinastri on the Continent, he considered the neighbourhood of Rom-

sey a very likely spot for the occurrence of this species.

Mr. Stevens exhibited specimens of four species of Lomaptera sent from Batchian

by Mr. A. R. Wallace.

107

Mr. Stevens also communicated the following by Mr. A. R. Wallace :—

Note on the Sexual Differences in the Genus Lomaptera.

“ Lacordaire says in his ‘Genera’ that the Lomapterz offer no sexual distinctions,

except slight variations in the legs; and in the generic character he adds ‘ the fore

legs are three-toothed in both sexes or in the females only.’ In four species of the

genus which I have recently taken in the Gilolo group of islands, I have, however,

observed very strongly marked sexual differences, and I have had the good fortune to

confirm them by capturing pairs of two species in copuld. These differences are as

follows :—

“Ist. The males have always a distinct longitudinal furrow or depression on the

under side of the abdomen, which in the females is quite smooth or rounded.

“2nd. The males have one tooth less than the females on the outside of the ante-

rior tibia. In the two larger species the males have two and the females three teeth ;

in the two smaller species the males have but one (terminal) tooth, the females two

teeth.

“3rd. The pygidium in the males is simple, with the extremity somewhat obtuse.

In the females it terminates in a sharp reflexed edge, and in the two smaller species is

swollen and compressed above and very concave beneath, while in the males it

is a simple ovate cone equally rounded above and below.

“Tt is probable that these characters exist in all the species of the genus, and may

enable persons possessing series of Lomaptere to pair their specimens. I may here

remark that the species of this genus are very closely allied, and at the same time very

limited in their range. In Ternate and Gilolo, and in Kaida and Batchian,—islands

only ten or fifteen miles apart,—are found distinct but closely allied species, differing

so slightly (although constantly) that they would be infallibly considered as very

trifling varieties, if single specimens of each only were examined. Differences

of colour exist in specimens from the same locality ; while minute differences of form

and sculpture mark these representative species of adjoining islands.”

Mr. Gloyne read descriptions of some new species of Lema.

Mr. Stainton read ‘ Descriptions of South-African Tineina collected by R. Trimen,

Esq., in 1858—59.’

Mr, Tegetmeier announced the death, on the 3lst ult., of Dr. Edward Bevan, of

Hereford, one of the original Members of this Society, and author of that well-known

work, ‘ The Honey Bee,’ at the advanced age of 80 years.

108

March 5, 1860.

J. W. Dovetas, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to

the donors :—‘ The Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England, Vol. xx.

Part 2; presented by the Society. ‘Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal,’ No. 99 ;

by the Society. ‘ Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society,’ Vol. iv. No. 16;

by the Society. ‘The Zoologist, for March; by the Editor. ‘Saggio di Ditterlogia

Messicana, di Luigi Bellardi, Professore di Storia Naturale, Part 1; by the Author.

‘ Memoires de la Société de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle de Genéve, Tome xv.

lre Partie; by the Society. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for February; by

the Society. ‘ The Literary Gazette’ for February; by the Editor. ‘The Atheneum’

for February ; by the Editor. ‘ The Entomologists’ Weekly Intelligencer, Nos. 171—

179, inclusive; by the Editor, H. T. Stainton, Esq. ‘Stettiner Entomologische

Zeitnug, 1860, Nos. 1—3; by the Entomological Society of Stettin.

Election of Members.

Dr. Schaum and Mons. Leon Dufour were elected Honorary Members, and Mons.

J. Bigot, Vice-President of the Entomological Society of France, of Rue de Luxem-

bourg, Paris, an ordinary Member of the Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Stevens exhibited a large box of Coleoptera sent from Batchian by

Mr. A. R. Wallace; it contained a vast number of new species, some beautiful

Buprestide, &c.

Mr. Janson exhibited a box of Coleoptera he had just received from Mr. C.

Turner, collected by him during the last few weeks at Rannoch, Perthshire,

and remarked that no less than four of the species were not comprised in Mr. Mur-

ray’s ‘Catalogue of the Coleoptera of Scotland, viz., Xyloterus domesticus, Linn.,

Tomicus acuminatus, Gy/l., Cis Alni, Gyll., and Bradycellus placidus, Gyld.

Mr. Dunning exhibited a singular pale Noctua, which had been pronounced by

Mr. H. Doubleday to be a variety of Mamestra anceps.

Mr. Dunning also read a letter addressed to him by C. Maurice, Esq., respecting

the specimen of Sphinx Pinastri exhibited by Mr. Sealy at the last Meeting of the

Society, in which the writer asserted positively that the insect in question was caught

by him at Romsey, as then stated by Mr. Sealy.

The Secretary also read a letter addressed to Mr. Sealy by S. H. Maurice, Esq.,

brother of the before-named gentleman, who had, as mentioned at the February Meeting,

taken some moths in Switzerland during the past summer: in this letter the writer

States that be feels certain the moth in question was not one of his Swiss captures, but

was caught by his brother at Romsey, after his return from Switzerland.

109

Mr. Westwood made some observations on the usefulness of labelling insects at the

time of capture, by which such instances of disputed identity as the present were

avoided; he objected to the plan of employing a number referring to a note-book as

commonly in use, as, in the event of dispersion of a collection on the death of

the owner, such numbers became useless to all but the possessor of the note-book, and

indeed instances had come under his notice in which the said book had been lost. He

had always employed in his collection tickets bearing an abbreviation of the locality,

as Ch. W. for Coombe Wood.

The President feared that Mr. Westwood’s plan of abbreviations would be rather

perplexing to any one but himself, unless accompanied by an index, which would be

open to the same objections as the note-books which he had just condemned.

Some conversation ensued on the claims of Sphinx Pinastri to be considered

a British species; during which Mr. F. Walker reminded the Meeting that Mr.

Thomas Marshall, well known to many Members present as one of our most accurate

observers, had himself seen this insect alive in Cumberland, and had recorded the fact

in the ‘ Entomologist’ some years ago.

Dr. Wallace exhibited two examples of Acosmetia caliginosa, taken by Mr. Grim-

stead in a wood near Ryde, Isle of Wight: he observed that the species had hitherto

only been captured in this country in the New Forest.

The Secretary read the following paper by Mr. G. Wailes, of Newcastle :—

The Hybernation of Vespa vulgaris.

“Tt is very evident that we have a great deal yet to learn about the social wasps,

and therefore the following remarks as to Vespa vulgaris may be interesting. Ever

since 1829 I have, at intervals, searched the summit of Skiddaw (3022 feet) for speci-

mens of Leistus montanus, and on every occasion have taken out from underneath the

loose fragments of the slate perfectly torpid females of this wasp, with the wings, legs,

antenne, &c., precisely in the state in which we find them during winter in the lower

lands. Not unfrequently I have met with dead specimens which seemed to have

perished in the same dormant state, and been there for a year or two at least.

Mr. Swith, in his ‘ Catalogne of the British Vespide, under this species, states that

‘Mr. Wollaston found the female abundant under stones on the extreme summit of

Gribon Oernant, near Llangollen, in September, 1854,’ adding ‘ probably hybernating

for the winter, but had evidently forgotten my writing him on the same subject. My

visits to the mountain have extended from the latter end of June to the latter end of

August, and therefore it necessarily follows either that these specimens of the female

wasp were those of the previous year, or that this sex appears much earlier in the sea-

son than has been hitherto supposed. But in either case, the question arises why are

they torpid during these the hottest months of the year? It is quite true that the

temperature at the altitude is below that of the plains, especially during the night, and

I have myself been enveloped in falling sleet and snow more than once, both in June

and August, though as a rule the Cumberland mountains seldom have a thick covering

of snow, and often only a few inches once or twice ina winter. Still, the temperature of

ordinary mountains always approaches that of the plains in summer, and one would

have expected was in Britain at least sufficiently high to rouse these wasps in their

110

winter quarters, when every other insect under the same stones was active and

stirring, and the air so warm and bright that Larentia salicata and Crambus furca-

tillus were sporting in the mid-day sun above them. Such, however, was not the case,

and when turned out of their snug, dry quarters, they allowed themselves to be

handled and put into pill-boxes just as they do in winter. We may therefore ask,

when are these sleepers to awake ? for as the ground temperature reaches its maximum

during the months in which I have met with them, and Mr. Wollaston has found

them in a similar state in September, when a declining temperature has set in,

we must conclude that for that year all prospect of their subsequent issue from their

retreats through the influence of heat is barred. Can this be called hybernation

as it is usually understood? Or is there some other cause of torpidity besides

mere cold? Or are we to conclude that when once put to sleep in these lofty

regions they wake no more unless kindly removed into a milder clime by a stray

entomologist, when, as I have always noticed, they become as active as those of

the warm lowlands?

“JT have searched in vain for the record of similar facts in other parts of

Europe, where, doubtless, the same circumstances occur, and therefore I send

this note to the Society with the hope of calling the attention of others to the

subject.”

Mr. Westwood considered that these female wasps had been the founders of

colonies in the preceding spring, and after performing their maternal duties, had

retired to die in the situations in which they were found by Mr. Wailes.

Mr. H. W. Bates communicated the following :—

Diagnoses of three New Species of Diurnal Lepidoptera belonging to the Genus

Agrias, and of one belonging to Siderone.

“Wishing to dedicate one of the grandest new species of Agrias (a genus which

he has done so much to illustrate) to Mr. W. C. Hewitson, I send the diagnosis for

insertion in the ‘ Report of the Proceedings of the Entomological Society ’ for March,

preparatory to the figures which Mr. Hewitson will publish in the Apvril part of his

‘Exotic Butterflies. I add the diagnoses of two other new species which will be

figured on the same plate, as well as of a species of Siderone, intended to be figured at

some subsequent early date. All four species were taken by myself on the Upper

Amazons, and belong to the most beautiful productions of that wonderful country.

The discovery of the female of one of the species makes the present communication of

some importance in a scientific point of view; as the non-appearance of females with

the usual Nymphalideous structure of the fore legs in that sex, in the genera Agrias

and Megistanis, seems to have excited doubts as to the constancy of that sexual cha-

racter throughout the whole family, especially as two forms of males have occurred in

some species having the usual superficial appearance of the two sexes (e. g. in Megis-

tanis Beotus). But the discovery of the females in the allied genus Agrias shows

that the sexual character in the fore legs is precisely of the same nature here as in the

rest of the family Nymphalide. The four species now characterized will be included

in the ‘Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley, Part Diurnal Lepidoptera, now

preparing for publication.

“ Acrias HEwitsontvs.

“ $. Size of A. Phalcidon (Hewits. Ex. B.) Above. Black. Fore wing having

at the base a large orange-coloured spot, rounded on its outer edge ; followed bya ~

broad belt of dark blue, extending from the costa to very near the hind margin;

edged externally by a belt of six pale greenish lunules. Near the apex is a short belt

of three dusky white lunules. Hind wings with a large subtriangular spot on the disk,

occupying about half the surface, of the same blue colour as the fore wing.

: “ Beneath. Fore wing has an orange-coloured spot similar to the one on the upper

side; the apex is of a pale greenish gray; the intermediate part of a dull black.

Hind wing: the base to nearly the middle orange, the outer edge of the patch deeply

sipuated in the middle. Rest of the wing pale greenish gray ; a submarginal line, a

central strongly curved macular belt, interrupted at the first median nervule; two

short ones across the disk, and two spots in the middle of the cell, black. Between

the central and submarginal belts is a row of seven large, equal, black ocelli, having

white pupils (double in the anal one) and shining blue irides. Body above rufous-

brown. Antenne black. The female is considerably larger and less brilliant in

colour, having also less blue colour on the disk of the hind wing.

““T took four specimens of this distinct species, at Ega, one male and three

females. It is a very bold and rapid flyer, similar to the Prepone and the Apature of

the old world. It is attracted, as well as one of the following species, by the sugary

sap exuding from certain trees in the forest, where I have seen it feeding amongst a

group of Incas and Cetoniade.

“ AGRIAS PERICLEs.

“ @. Very similar in size and outline to A. Phalcidon. The hind wing, both

above and beneath, offers not the slightest difference; the fore wing differs as

follows: — Above. Fore wing black: the basal portion, to about two-thirds the

length, occupied by a large spot of a beautiful scarlet colour inclining to orange.

This is followed by an oblique belt of five elongated spots of a metallic-green colour,

edged on the inner sides with brilliant dark blue. Towards the apex is a narrow belt

composed of four small cream-coloured spots.

“J took one individual only of this species, in company with A. Phalcidon,

at Villa Nova, in 1854. The specimen has travelled with me from place to place on

the Upper Amazons for five years. I have considered it hitherto only an extraordinary

variety of A. Phalcidon, but on further experience of the singular way in which spe-

cies of this genus and of Catagramma differ from each other, I now prefer to consider

it distinct. A. Phalcidon was not uncommon at Villa Nova, although I saw not a

trace of it at any other locality. It flies high, and I never saw it descend towards the

ground. It settled on leaves of trees about fifteen to twenty feet from the ground, in

the broad alleys of the glorious forest at that locality, and could only be captured by

attaching a long pole to the bag-net.

“ Aarias SARDANAPALUS.

“gd, In size and shape of wings very similar to A. Claudius, of Rio Janeiro.

The under surface.of the wings does not differ in any way from that species: above,

112

the colouration is very different, Fore wing black; the basal portion having a large

triangular spot (occupying about three-fourths the surface of the wing) of a rich car-

mine colour, glossed with cobalt-blue, in certain lights. This is followed by a belt of

the most beautiful blue colour, leaving only the apex and a narrow outer margin

black, the former of which has a short belt of three large indistinct pale spots.

Hind wing has the base and the margins narrowly black; the disk entirely of the

same rich blue as the belt across the fore wing.

“T took two of this very richly coloured species, one at Ega and one at St.

Paulo: one of them is in the collection of Mr. W. C. Hewitson and one in my

own. I saw only four individuals during four years’ residence and travel on the

Upper Amazons.

“ SmpERONE Mars.

“@. Considerably less in size than S. Ide. The fore wing has the apex more

more falcate than in that species; the outer margin much more strongly rounded,

leaving the hinder angle indistinct; the hind wing also is shorter.

“ Above. Deep black, With two clear white spots near the apex. A large

oblique belt of carmine crosses the wing from the costal edge to near the hind

angle; its costal part dilated towards the extreme base of the wing. Hind wing

black. ‘Two conspicuous rounded red spots near the middle of the costal edge.

Anal lobe gray.

“ Beneath. The base and apex of both wings are of a rich rufous-brown. The

discal portion is glossy brownish gray, irrorated nearly throughout with rufous-brown.

The hind wing has a broad belt across the middle, of a shining ash-colour, spotless.

The apex of the fore wing has a belt of white and lilac-coloured spots.

“T only saw one individual of this species, at St. Paulo, near the frontier of Peru.

Like all the other species of Siderone and Paphia, it has the rapid flight of the typical

Nymphales, and, like them, not easily scared when reposing, pertinaciously returning

to the same spot after being driven away. Its near relative, Siderone Ide, so common

in the West Indian Islands and Guiana, also occurs in the country, but is very

rare.”

The Secretary read the first part of a paper by Mr. H. W. Bates, intituled “ Con-

tributions to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley.”

113

April 2, 1860.

J. W-. Dovetas, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to

the donors:—‘ The Zoologist ’ for April; presented by the Editor. ‘The Proceedings

of the Zoological Society of London,’ 1859, Part 3; by the Society. ‘Journal of the

Proceedings of the Linnean Society,’ Supplement to Vol. iv. Botany; by the Society.

‘Exotic Butterflies; Part 34; by W. W. Saunders, Esq. ‘The Journal of the

Society of Arts’ for March; by the Editor. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for March ; by

the Editor. “@

Elections.

Dr. E. Candeze, of Liege, Belgium, was elected a Member ; and George Seaton,

Esq., of Trinity Square, Brixton, and J. C. Young, Esq., of Redwood House,

Bromley, were elected Subscribers to the Society.

Exhibitions.

The President exhibited some specimens of a species of Trogoderma, which had

bred in great numbers in rice imported from Akyab, about two years since, and now

at Hibernia Wharf, London Bridge; he also exhibited a quantity of the damaged

rice in which, he was informed, the larva had increased to a great extent within the

last nine months.

Mr. Stevens exhibited some splendid Lepidoptera sent from Batchian by Mr.

Wallace, amongst which were beautiful examples of both sexes of Ornithoptera

Creesus, Papilio Ormenus, P. Deiphobus, P. Codrus, and a fine new species allied to

P. Peranthus ; also a small Hestia, very distinct from any described species.

Mr. Lewis exhibited a damaged example of Telephorus atra, Zinn., a species not

hitherto recorded as a native of Britain ; the specimen exhibited had been taken in

Scotland by Mr. John Scott, and determined by Mr. F. Smith and himself, by com-

parison with continental examples in the British Museum collection.

Mr. Janson exhibited some Coleoptera taken at Rannoch by Mr. C. Turner.

Mr. Westwood observed, with reference to the large species of Bruchus,

exhibited at the last December meeting by Dr. Wallace, as infesting the interior

of the nut of the Cogqnilla (Attalea funifera of Brazil), that there appeared

from an investigation which he had made with a view to the determination of the

species in question, to be considerable confusion in the nomenclature of the species

allied to Bruchus Bactris of Linneus. That name had been given to a species which

infests an American palm of the genus Bactris, and which had been first figured by

Jacquin in his ‘ History of Select American Plants, pl. 170. According to Schon-

herr, this species and the allied Bruchus Nucleorum of Fabricius are at once dis-

tinguished by having the intermediate joints of the antenne marked on the upper

side with a deep oblong impression. It may, however, probably be questioned

whether in the absence of specimens reared from the same species of palm, there is

sufficient ground for the distinct identification of the Linnean species, In the

‘Proceedings of the Entomological Society,’ September 4th, 1854, some seeds of the.

114

wax palm of the Brazils, Copernicia cerifera, were exhibited, together with the beetles

reared from them. These were purchased by Mr. Westwood at the sale of the

Society’s exotic collection, and are now in the Hopeian Museum at Oxford.

The beetles agreed with Gyllenhal’s diagnosis of Bruchus Bactris in Schonherr

(i. p. 93).

Latreille’s Bruchus curvipes (described and figured by Humboldt, Obs. de

Zoovlogie, p. 158) was obtained from the fruit of a palm near Serullo, in New Spain.

It has longer black antenne, with entire joints. Germar’s Bruchus ruficornis infests

cocoa nuts brought to Europe,— the fruit, apparently, of a species of Bactris (probably

Bactris minor); it differs from Latreille’s species in having red fore legs and

antenne, but is given as synonymous with it by Schonherr, without, as appears, suf-

ficient cause.

Sir William Hooker had forwarded to Mr. Westwood a larva of one of these large

species of Bruchi found in the interior of a seed of a palm (a species of Astrocaryum

from Bahia) which had been received at the Royal Gardens, Kew: the larva differed

in no respect from that of the Coquilla nut. Mr. Westwood had also obtained the

nut of another kind of palm, in the interior of which was found a perfect beetle, which

seems in no respect to differ from Bruchus ruficornis of Germar. Mr. Kirby also pos-

sessed a specimen of a large and closely-allied Bruchus, evidently obtained, from its

not fully-developed state, from the interior of some nut, also purchased by Mr. West-

wood, but having much larger and more strongly-serrated posterior femora. A speci-

men of the Coyuilla-nut beetle itself is preserved in spirits in the Christ Church

Museum, Oxford, in company with the nut and its larva. It also seems to agree

with Bruchus ruficornis, so as to preclude the necessity of giving it a distinct

specific name, until a more detailed examination of the allied species can be made.

The species allied to Bruchus ruficornis are distinguished from Bruchus Bactris,

not only in the smooth intermediate joints of the antenne, but also in having the

sutural stria of the elytra simple at its base; in the latter species it is accom-

panied at the base by two very short rows of punctures like an acute V.

May 7, 1860.

J. W. Dovetas, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to the

donors :—‘ Fragments Anatomiques sur quelques Elatérides ;’ ‘ Fragments Anatomiques

sur quelques Coléoptéres ;’ ‘ Fragments d’Anatomie Entomologique ;’ ‘Note sur

YAbsence dans le Nemoptera lusitanica d’un Systéme nerveux Appréciable ; ’

‘Description des Galles du Verbaseum et du Scrophularia, et des Insectes qui les

Habitent, pour servir a Histoire du Parasitisme ;’ ‘ Mémoire sur une nouvelle éspéce

de Belostoma (B. algeriense) et Reflexions sur ce genre d’Hémiptéres Aquatiques ; ’

‘Recherches Anatomiques sur les Hyménoptéres de la Famille des Urocerates ;’

‘Fragments d’Anatomie Entomologique sur les Buprestides, suivis de la Description

d'une éspéce nouvelle de Cychrus d’ Espagne ;’ ‘ Histoire Anatomique et Physiologique

115

des Scorpions ;’ presented by the Author, M. Léon Dufour, Naturgeschichte der

Insecten Deutschlands,’ Eister Band, Eiste Haefte ; by the Author, Dr. H. Schaum.

‘The Butterfly Number of Young England ;’ by the Author, E. Newman, Esq. ‘The

Zoologist ’ for May ; by the Editor. ‘The Literary Gazette’ for April ; by the Editor.

‘The Journal of the Society of Arts ;’ by the Society. ‘The Atheneum” for April;

by the Editor. ‘The Farm and Garden,’ Vol. ii. Nos. 13,14 and 15, containing

papers on Injurious Insects ; by the Author, C. A. Wilson, Corr. M.E.S. ‘The Ento-

mologist’s Weekly Intelligencer,’ Vol. iv. and Nos. 183—187; by the Editor, H. T.

Stainton, Esq. ‘Die Deutschen Phytophagen aus der Klasse der Insekten,’ von

J. H. Kaltenbach ; by the Author. ‘ List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects

in the Collection of the British Museum,’ Part xx. Geometrites; by the Author, Francis

Walker, Esq., F.L.S., &c. ‘ Insecta Saundersiana, or Characters of Undescribed Insects

in the Collection of William Wilson Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., &c.;’ ‘ Coleoptera

Curculionides,’ Part ii., by Henri Jekel; by W. W. Saunders, Esq.

Exhibitions.

The President exhibited a living specimen of Homeusa acuminata, found by Mr.

Scott in a nest of Formica fuliginosa, at Mickleham, and living examples of Claviger

testaceus from the same locality.

Mr. Stevens exhibited a large collection of Coleoptera, made by Mr. H. Squire in

the neighbourhood of Rio.

Mr. Janson exhibited some Coleoptera and Lepidoptera sent from Perthshire by

Mr. Turner.

Mr. Scott exhibited Bolitobius inclinans, Mycetoporus lucidus and Elachista gan-

gabella, and made the following observations respecting them :—

Bolitobius inclinans, Grav. A single example taken at Coombe Wood. Authors,

so far as I am aware, have not observed, or if so not described, the remarkable develop-

ment of the basal joint of the intermediate tarsi.

Mycetoporus lucidus, Erichs. Only three or four individuals of this species are

known as having been taken in England previously. One specimen also taken at

Coombe Wood.

Elachista gangabella, Zeller. The type form of this species has a white fascia on

the anterior wings, as in EK. zonuariella and others of the group. The specimen

exhibited, however, is entirely black. In certain lights there are very faint indications

of the fascia. Bred by me last year from larve received from Mr. Stainton. It seems

to be quite a south country species, and very local.

Mr. W. W. Saunders exhibited a small folding box, manufactured by Mr. Harris,

of Oak Lane, City, for the purpose of transmitting small articles by post; from its

lightness and strength he considered it would prove useful for entomological purposes.

Mr. Saunders also exhibited some small galls growing in close clusters, found

under the ground on the roots of common hazel. He had not yet succeeded in rearing

the insect which caused them, but considered it must prove a distinct species frum the

Cynips Quercus-radicis, the galls produced by which are found on the vak, generally

on the surface or immediately above ground.

Mr. Saunders also exhibited an apparently new species of Harpalus, taken in Ire-

land by Mr. Bouchard ; agd illustrations of the, economy of a beetle, apparently of the

genus Urodon, from the Cape of Good Hope, which, in the larva state, inhabits one

116

of the cells in the seed-vessel of a Mesembryanthemum, forcing the remaining cells,

which become abortive, into a very small space.

Mr. Walker observed that the galls exhibited by Mr. Saunders were probably

similar to one which Mr. Bouchard had lately found at the root of an oak tree. This

gall was in the possession of Mr. Smith, who has reared numerous Cynipide from it,

and also specimens of a Pteromalus, which much resembles P. Puparum, the butterfly-

chrysalis parasite.

Mr. H. Cooke exhibited a hybrid moth which had been obtained in the following

manner. He had bred a considerable number of Ephyra trilinearia and E. orbicularia,

and had repeatedly endeavoured to pair the opposite sexes of these species, but only

succeeded in one instance in doing so, the insects being a male E. orbicularia and

female E. trilinearia. The female deposited eight eggs, all of which hatched, and the

larve in due course were full-grown, at which time they presented great dissimilarity

in appearance, two or three exactly resembling the larve of E. trilinearia, while others

were precisely like those of E. orbicularia, the remainder differing much from those of

either parent. Although all of them seemed to enter the pupa state in the most satis-

factory manner, yet only the one moth exhibited, and that somewhat crippled in the

posterior wings, was produced. This insect bore very little resemblance to either

species, the colour and markings approaching nearer to E. poraria, the central fascia

common to all the wings being broad and well defined.

Mr. Bond exhibited a specimen of Smerinthus ocellatus, having one side of the

abdomen pure white, the markings in all other respects being as usual. The insect

was taken at Freshwater.

Mr. Rye exhibited a specimen of Euryporus picipes, taken at Holme Bush. Also

both sexes of Ptinus germanus, from Purfleet ; and a fine series of Badister peltatus,

taken by himself near Boston.

Mr. Saunders read the following extracts from Froebel’s ‘Central America,’

pp. 433 and 537 :—

Poisonous Caterpillars.

“Karly the next morning we arrived at San Antonio. Here I learned what had

befallen, during the three months of my absence, the small caravan with which I had

started from Chihachoa. They had encamped in the prairie, a few miles from San

Antonio. Sickness had broken out among the mules, carrying off nineteen of the best

animals, and afterwards more died on the road. Several had been bitten by rattle-

snakes, and saved with the greatest difficulty. The same thing happened to one of

our drivers, but a remarkable accident befel the waggon-master ; he had crushed on

his hand a little hairy caterpillar which was crawling on it, and in a few minutes the

most alarming symptoms appeared. A shiver ran from the hand through his whole

frame, and especially down his back. His abdomen swelled, his tongue was heavy,

his consciousness became dimmed, and for a week the man was in imminent danger.

I afterwards saw the caterpillar in a collection of insects at San Antonio, where the

patient recognised it. If he was right it is a little worm covered with long yellowish

hairs, about a quarter of an inch long; it resembles a caterpillar, but whether it is

one I cannot say. I afterwards heard of other examples of the extraordinary effects

caused by this creature. Ina garden at Indianola one of them dropped from a tree

on to a child’s arm, who immediately screamed with pain; the arm swelled, a violent

fever came on, and the child’s life was in great danger for several days.’—p. 433.

117

Mineralogical Ants.

“ Before continuing the account of our journey I must offer a remark connected

with an observation I made in the desert. When traversing certain parts of the North-

American Steppes and Deserts I have frequently observed ant-hills formed exclusively

of small stones of the same mineral species, as, for instance, small grains of quartz.

In one part of the Colorado Desert the hills of these mineralogical ants consisted of

heaps of small shining fragments of crystallized feldspar, chosen by these little animals

from the various components of the coarse sand of these parts. The last time I was

at E] Paro a North-American driver came to me and inquired the value of a small

bag of garnets he possessed. On my asking in what place they had been found I

heard that these stones — imperfect crystals of red transparent garnets — were the

material of which the ants build their hills in the country of the Navago Indians, in

New Mexico, and that he knew a place where any quantity uf them might be collected.

These remarks may perhaps not be uninteresting to the question relating to the gold-

seeking ants of Herodotus.”— p. 537.

Mr. Saunders also read descriptions of some new species of the genus Erateina ;

and exhibited the insects to the meeting.

Part 5 of the current volume of the Society’s ‘ Transactions’ was on the table.

June 4, 1860.

J. W. Dovetas, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to

the donors :—‘ On the Cultivation of Silk at Mussooree, Himalaya Mountains, with-

Notes on the Treatment of the Silkworm ;’ presented by the Author, Capt. Thomas

Hutton, F.G.S8., Superintendent of Government Silk Plantations. ‘On some New

Longicornia from the Moluccas;’ ‘ On some New Anthribide ;’ by the Author, F. P.

Pascoe, Esq. F.L.S., &c. ‘The Journal of Entomology,’ No. 1; by the Proprietors.

- * The Zoologist’ for June ; by the Editor. ‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society, No. 38 ;

by the Society. ‘ Tijdschrift voor Entomologie,’ Vol. ii. Part 6, Vol. iii. Parts 1,2 and 3;

by the Entomological Society of the Netherlands. ‘A Catalogue of the Lepidopterous

Insects in the Museum of Natural History at the East-India House,’ by Thomas

Horsfield, M.D., Ph.D., F.R.S., Keeper of the Museum, and Frederick Moore,

Esq., Assistant, Vol. ii.; by the East India Company. ‘The Atheneum’ for May ;

by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts ;’ by the Editor. ‘ The Ento-

mologist’s Weekly Intelligencer, Nos. 188—191 ; by the Editor.

Evhibitions.

Mr. Stevens exhibited a specimen of Criomorphus castaneus, found alive in the

playground of a school at Blackheath. He observed that the species had been recorded

118

as British, by the name of Callidium luridum, but he believed its claims to be considered

a native were rather doubtful.

Mr. W. W. Saunders exhibited two specimens of Papilio Antenor, Drury, sent

from Madagascar by Mr. Layard, and read the following note of their capture by that

gentleman. “TI have sent two not very good specimens of Papilio Antenor of Drury,

which I shot at Boyana Bay, Madagascar. They fly very high, and I could not obtain

them in any other way. I have two more from the French missionaries, who said they

did sometimes come down.”

Mr. Bond exhibited two living examples of Acrocinus longimanus, and two speci-

meus of Deilephila lineata, caught near Brigliton on the 12th and 14th ult. He also

exhibited two dead pupe of Sphinx Convolvuli, found last autumn in a potato-field

near Canterbury ; and an enormous cocoon of Eriogaster lanestris, three larve having

united in forming it.

Mr. Stainton exhibited specimens of Deilephila lineata from Lewisham and

Torquay.

Mr. M‘Lachlan exhibited specimens of a species of Cecidomyia, which he had

bred from small galls found on buds of the common broom.

Mr. Janson exhibited Spherites glabratus, Rhinomacer attelaboides and other

Coleoptera from Scotland.

Mr. Stainton exhibited Lithocolletis Helianthemi, bred from larve mining in leaves

of Helianthemum vulgare, received from Ratisbon; and a specimen of Aspidisca

splenderiferella, an American species of Tineina, bred from Crategus tomentosa.

Mr. Moore exhibited a living example of the Eria silk moth (Adéacus Ricini) bred

from a larva which fed on the castor-oil plant.

Mr. Gorham exhibited the following Coleoptera :—

Dinarda dentata. Taken by Mr. Crotch in nests of Formica fusca.

Haploglossa rufipennis. ‘Taken in sandpits near Addington.

Mycetoporus lucidus. Wimbledon Common.

Eucephalus complicans. Charlton.

Lathrobium punctatum. Hammersmith.

Lemophileus duplicatus. Near Farnborough, Kent.

Chryphagus micrographus. Isle of Wight. Of this species Mr. Lewis had taken

a single example near Croydon.

Mr. Tegetmeier exhibited some remarkable specimens, illustrating the production

of fertile workers in a hive of the ordinary honey-bee (Apis mellificu). They were

produced by placing, in March, a comb containing eggs and larve in workers’ cells

only in a hive which had been some time without a queen, and which consequently

contained no brood whatever. There was no apparent attempt made by the bees to

form a royal cell and to rear a new queen from the workers’ eggs, but after the latter

were hatched the bees produced from them laid eggs. These were deposited in the

drone cells only, sometimes as many as six being placed in one cell, of which only one

was hatched, a drone in all cases being produced. It was noticed that these fertile

workers were hatched and laid eggs before any drones had been observed in the adjacent

hives. Huber supposed that such workers were produced by partaking of some of the

food designed for the production of a queen, which had been deposited in the cells

adjacent to the royal one. This supposition was disproved, as there was no royal cell

in the single brood-comb which the hive contained.

119

Mr. S. Stevens communicated the following extract from a letter from Robert

Clark, Esq., and exhibited a specimen of the fly alluded to therein :—

“These insects are pretty numerous in the windward division of the Gold Coast,

in March, April, May, November and December, especially in the three former months,

before the first rains set in, when the weather is generally close and oppressively hot.

As soon as they are observed, either in or about the houses of the Europeans or natives,

everything is done to get rid of them, for when they alight on the person they inflict a

painfully stinging wound, rapidly followed by a wheal, which becomes the seat of an

annoying itchiness. The proboscis, as you may have noticed, is strong and keen, and

they readily push it through thick clothing and thin leather. Horses and other beasts

of burden suffer severely from their attacks, and there are good grounds for believing

that this is the cause why no animal of that description will live upon the windward

part of the Gold Coast; indeed, my friend Mr. R. D. Ross was so persuaded of this

being the case that he made a strong representation to the head of the Commissariat

Department to that effect, suggesting, at the same time, that hammock instead of horse

allowance should be granted to the officers of the G. C. A. Corps stationed in the wind-

ward districts.

“In 1858 I procured from the late Mr. Consul Campbell, of Lagos, four horses

for the use of some of the officers stationed at Cape Coast Castle. They arrived in

fair condition, were well stabled, carefully groomed and fed, nevertheless in six or

eight weeks from the date of their landing they were all dead. This did not seem to

me to arise from the grass, as‘it was in every respect quite equal to that on which

horses feed and thrive admirably on the leeward division of the Gold Coast, at Sierra

Leone and the Gambia, The precaution of partly drying it before it was given to the

animals was not neglected, and their food was varied with ground nut-straw, which is

considered capital fodder for horses both at Sierra Leone and the Gambia. The late

Mr. Brodie Cruikshank even imported hay and oats from England, conceiving (I am

of opinion incorrectly) that the mortality of beasts of burden depended upon some

poisonous herb being mixed up with the grass on the part of the Gold Coast I refer

to, but as might be anticipated the experiment in question proved a complete failure.

“With regard to these insects I think I told you that a Mr. Glydden, purser of

H.M. store ship ‘ Buffalo, to whom I showed them on the Coast, insisted that they

are identical with the tzetze described by Dr. Livingstone, alleging that he had met

with them in some of the regions of Southern Africa which he had visited.”

Mr. Westwood remarked that the insect exhibited was closely allied to the common

Tabanus bovinus of Europe, and certainly not the “ tzetze” met with by Dr. Living-

stone and others, as was asserted in the latter part of the letter just read.

Dr. Wallace communicated the following :-—

Remarks on the Occurrence of Rarer British Sphingide.

“ The fact that in many female Sphingide captured in Great Britain and Ireland,

in the autumn months, no ova have been found, induces the question as to whether

some species may or may not be continuously indigenous. Many think that the absence

of ova in the female is merely a question of time, as in the case of A. Atropos, the

females of which, notoriously devoid of eggs in the forced autumn specimens, are found

in June depositing ova, whence the brood is perpetuated. Others maintain that it is

120

a question not of time only, but also of place, for taking S. Convolvuli, females of which

are constantly taken in the autumn months, almost invariably without eggs (in 1846

and 1859 the species occurred most freely : one individual took nearly fifty specimens

in 1859, all the females of which were destitute of ova). In this case either a female

is hatched in the autumn with eggs, hybernates and deposits ova in the spring, or

emerges in the spring from the pupa, or else specimens fly over from abroad and

deposit ova in this country. I would ask has ever 8S. Convolvuli been taken or observed

in the spring or early summer in this country, and if so in what condition or of what

sex? Are we to look for a development of females of D. Lineata without eggs, in the

autumn months, if a hot summer intervenes? A series of observations carefully made as

to time, place, condition, sex, and also as to the complete development of sexual organs

of any or all of the rarer Sphingid, would help to resolve the question. Without giving

any opinion myself, I may add the truth can only thus be obtained, from a series of

observations, not from a single capture. Have any of the commoner Sphingide, the

Smerinthi or others, occurred in the autumn months, and if so were they fully developed ?

Are any of the rarer Noctuz to be louked upon in the same light ?

“ This question appears of more importance than the double-broodedness of some

Notodontide, about which so much has been written, and I commend it to the attention

of entomologists.”

Mr. Smith read an extract from Park’s ‘ History of Hampstead,’ in which it was

stated that in 1782 great numbers of “ vermin” appeared on the hedges and trees in

that neighbourhood, and that men were employed to beat them off with poles and burn

them. These persons experienced considerable irritation on the face and other exposed

parts of the person, whilst those who incautiously inhaled the fumes produced by

burning them were much indisposed in consequence.

Mr. Stainton considered these “ vermin” were the larve of the brown-tail moth

(Porthesia Chrysorrhea), which had in former years appeared in immense numbers in

this country, and the hairs of which and many of its congeners were well known to

produce much irritation of the human skin.

Mr. Smith also read the following papers:—“ Observations on Cynips lignicola

and C. Radicis,” and “ Descriptions of new Species of Australian Hymenoptera and of

a Species of Formica from New Zealand.”

Mr. Baly read a paper intituled “ Description of some New Species of Sagya ;

Remarks on that Genus; and the Characters of Cheiloxena, a New Genus ‘belonging

to the same Family.”

July 2, 1860.

J. W. Dovetas, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to

the donors: —‘ Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society,’ vol. v. No. 17 ;

presented by the Society. ‘The Zoologist’ for July; by the Editor. ‘The Athe-

neum’ for May ; by the Editor.

121

Election of a Subscriber.

C. Miller, Esq., 17, Silurian Terrace, Dalston, was balloted for, and elected a Sub-

scriber to the Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Stevens exhibited a portion of a collection of drawings of European Lepi-

doptera, in which the wings were formed by transferring the scales from the wings of

the insects by a process not ascertained, the bodies and limbs being afterwards beauti-

fully drawn in water-colours. Mr. Stevens stated that the entire collection was con-

tained in seven portfolios, and comprised nearly the whole of the European Macro-

Lepidoptera ; it had been formed in Germany, by the labour of a lifetime, and now

sent to England to be disposed of at a very moderate price.

The specimens exhibited were much admired by the Members present, some of

whom stated they had tried various modes of transferring the scales of Lepidoptera to

paper, but with very unsatisfactory results.

Mr. Janson exhibited the following Coleoptera, taken at Rannoch by Mr. C.

Turner, viz., Otiorhynchus septentrionis, Herbst, Scolytus Ratzeburgii, Janson, Mag-

dalinus carbonarius, Fab., and Rhagonycha paludosa, Fallen.

Mr. Janson also exhibited a specimen of Homalota subterranea, Mulsant., a

species first detected in France, which he had found at Mickleham, Surrey, on

the 23rd ult., under a stone, in a nest of Formica flava. He also exhibited Ischno-

glossa rufopicea and Conosoma bimaculatum, found beneath bark of oaks at Colney

Hatch.

Mr. McLachlan exhibited a fine specimen of Chrosis Audouiana, lately caught at

Darenth Wood,, Kent.

Mr. Douglas exhibited the following Coleoptera, found in the sap exuding from

the perforations formed in oaks by the larva of Cossus ligniperda, viz., Cryptar-

cha imperialis, Epurea 10-guttata, Tachinus bipustulatus, Homalota cinnamomea,

H. hospita, and Omalium planum. He also exhibited Conopalpus testaceus, bred

from rotten oak-branches from Richmond Park.

The Rev. H. Clark sent for distribution amongst the Members specimens of Lac-

cophilus variegatus, Germ., taken by him at Pevensey in June last.

Mr. Lewis exhibited specimens of Thiasophila inquilina, found at Charlton in

nests of Formica fuliginosa. Mr. Lewis remarked that he had, at the Meeting of the

Society held on the 2nd of April last, exhibited a specimen of Telephorus atra, L.,

and stated it to be a species unrecorded as British ; but he had since found that it

had been long before included by Mr. Murray in his ‘ Catalogue of Scottish Co-

leoptera.’

The Secretary read a letter from R. J. L. Guppy, Esq., Port of Spain, Trinidad,

on the habits of an insect allied to, if not identical with, Ranatra linearis of Europe,

which he had found in streams in that island.

August 6, 1860.

J. W. Dove as, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to

the donors :—‘ Catalogues of Natural History Collections in the British Museum,’ viz.

Lepidoptera, Part 1 (Papilio); Hymenoptera, Parts 1 and 2 (Chalcidites); Hymenop-

tera, Parts 1—7; Diptera, Parts 1—7; Homoptera, Parts 1—4, and Supplement ;

Hemiptera, Parts 1 and 2; Orthoptera, Part 1; Nomenclature of Coleoptera, Parts

3, 4 and 6; Coleoptera, Parts 7-9; Coleoptera of Madeira; Coleoptera, Part 1

(Cucuijde); Hispide ; Neuroptera, Parts 1—4; Neuroptera, Part 1 (Termitina) ;

British Animals, Parts 5—17; British Hymenoptera, Part 1; British Fossorial

Hymenoptera ; British Ichneumonide ; British Curculionide ; British Diatomacee ;

Marine Polyzoa, Parts 1 and 2; Lepidoptera Heterocera, Part 20. ‘ Proceedings of

the Royal Society, vol. x. No. 39; presented by the Society. ‘Journal of the Pro-

ceedings of the Linnean Society, Supplement to vol. iv. (Zoology) ; by the Society.

‘Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh, vol. i.; by the Society.

‘Catalogue of British Coleoptera, Sheets K and L; by the Author, G. R. Waterhouse,

Esq. ‘ Exotic Buterflies, Part 35; by W. W. Saunders, Esq. ‘ The Zoologist’ for

August; by the Editor, ‘The Atheneum’ for July; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of

the Society of Arts’ for July; by the Society. ‘The Natural History of the Tineina,

vol. v.; ‘ The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer, Nos. 192—200; by H.T. Stainton,

Esq. ‘ Liunea Entomologica, vol. xiv.; by the Entomological Society of Stettin.

Exhibitions.

The President exhibited specimens of Stathmopoda pedella, one of the Tineina

hitherto so extremely rare in our collections that only two or three examples were

known. He found it in abundance in July in the foliage of alder trees at Lewisham,

and other persons had also taken it there, so that more than 200 specimens had been

captured. Professor Behewann had recently informed him that this moth was not

scarce in Sweden, but he was not aware that the larva had been observed since Linneus

wrote of it, “ Habitat in Alni foliis subcutanea.” It was to be hoped that with this

guide to its habits no long time would now elapse before the larva would be re-dis-

covered. The President called attention to the peculiar position in which the spinose

hind legs were held in repose—turned under the wings and extended laterally in frout

of them—a peculiarity which had been noticed by Linneus. Even when the moth

walked, these legs were rarely put down, so that the creature usually walked about by

means of its other four legs only.

The President also exhibited a specimen of Phloiotrya rufipes, found dead under

the bark of an old oak at Leatherhead Common.

Mr. Bond exhibited specimens of a Trochilinm, recently taken by Mr. G. King at

Torquay ; and also some examples of apparently the saine species from the collection

of J. R. Hind, Esq., captured in Spain, and labelled Philanthiforme.

The species taken by Mr. King, as far as can be ascertained from the damaged

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condition of his specimens, appears to be the S. Musceformis of Esper, originally

recorded as a British species by Mr. Newman, in his “ Monographia Ageriarum

Anglie ” (Ent. Mag. vol. i. p. 79), on the authority of a specimen in the collection of

Mr. J. F. Stephens; the species was also given as British by Mr. Stephens in the

Appendix to his ‘ Illustrations ’ (Haust. iv. p. 385), on the authority of the same speci-

men, which, however, he subsequently considered to be merely a variety of S. Ichneu-

moniformis, and placed it as such in his ‘ Catalogue of British Lepidoptera in the Col-

lection of the British Museum’ (Part 5, p. 31). This specimen (now contained in the

collection of the British Museum) is unquestionably a damaged example of S. Ichneu-

moniformis.

Mr. Janson exhibited three unrecorded species of British Coleoptera, recently taken

by Charles Turner at Rannoch, Perthshire, and made the following observations

respecting them :—

Rhopalodontus perforatus, Gyll. Cis perforatus, Gyll. Ins Suee. iii. 385, 7 (1813).

Rhopalodontus perforatus, Mellié, Anuales de la Soc. Ent. de France, Ser. 2, vi. 234,

tab. 9, fig. 23 (1848).—The first indigenous example of this pretty little insect which

came under my notice I obtained from the late James Foxcroft, mixed up with some

scores of Cis nitidus, reared during the winter of 1853-4, from a hard woody boletus he

found on the trunks of old birch trees in the Black Forest, Perthshire, and which,

remarking that it was perforated by innumerable minute coleopterous larve, he brought

up with him to London the previous autumn. Turner, who carefully examined the

specimen, and to whom I pointed out its most obvious distinctive characters and com-

municated its history, has succeeded in securing upwards of thirty examples.

Rhagonycha elongata, Fallen. Cantharis elongata, Fallen, Mon. Canth. i. ii. 8 (1807);

Gyll. Ins. Suec. i. 335, 8 (1808). Nearly allied to Rhagonycha paludosa, Fallen,

Gyll., exhibited by me at our last meeting, but readily distinguished from it by its

superior size, relatively narrower form the pale basal joints of its antenne, pale apex

of its femora and base of its tibia, and its subquadrate prothorax, of which the posterior

angles are salient. Gyllenhal and Sahlberg inform us that this species “ habitat in

frondibus abietis.” Zetterstedt remarks that it occurs likewise on birch “ in Betuletis

Nordlandie et Finmarkie ;” from Turner, who is far from communicative touching

his craft, all the information I can elicit is that he “ got it in a very strange way.”

Brachonyx indigena, Herbst. Curculio indigena, Herbst, Natur. Syst. Col. vi. 170,

130, tab. 71, fig. 12 (1793 ?). Rhynchaenus indigena, Gyll. Ins. Suec. iii. 71, 7 (1813).

Brachonyx indigena, Schoenh. Cure. Disp. Meth. 232, 132 (1826); Gen. et Spec.

Cure. iii. i. 329, 214 (1836) ; Guerin, Icon. Ins. 145, tab. 38, fig. 3 (1833 ?).—This

species is found, according to Gyllenhal and other continental authorities, “in Pini

Sylvestris frondibus.” Turner, to whom I sent instructions to search for it on this

tree, asserts he beat it from birch. Although of not unfrequent occurrence in Sweden,

Finland, Lapland, and in the mountainous districts of central Europe, it would appear

to be exceedingly rare in Scotland, as Turver assures me that every effort on his part

had yielded three examples only, one of which is unfortunately mutilated.

Mr. Waring exhibited two fine specimens of Acidalia rubricata, and a beautiful

female of Lithostege nivearia, taken near Brandon, Suffolk, during the present

season.

Mr. Scott exhibited the following Lepidoptera :-—

Coleophora binotapennella. Bred from larve found two years ago at Brighton.

Tinea caprimulgella. Found on the trunk of a tree in Blackheath Park.

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Ephestia semirufa, Haw. Found abundantly near Lewisham, as also the variety

rufa described by Haworth as a species. Mr. Doubleday informed Mr. Douglas that

he had seen no specimens of this insect since he received it from Mr. Dale many years

ago.

Mr. Scott also exhibited the following Coleoptera :—

Deleaster Dichrous, Grav. Taken at Crwmlyn, Monmouthshire. June.

Stilicus fragilis, Grav. Taken at Crwmlyn, Monmouthshire. June.

Clythra 3-dentata Found at Darenth Wood.

Mr. Mitford exhibited a beautiful series, including both sexes, of Nemotois cupria-

cella, lately caught at Hampstead : though the female of this species has been frequently

taken in various parts of England, the male had not previously been captured.

Mr. Miller exhibited a number of interesting Micro-Lepidoptera, including an

apparently new species of Coleophora bred from larve which fed on hazel, and a Litho-

colletis, the larva of which mined in leaves of the plum tree.

Mr. F. Walker exhibited a remarkable variety of Lasiommata Megera, and made

the following observations respecting it :—

This singular variety of L. Megera, if it had been found in a distant region, would

perhaps have been considered to be a distinct species. It was taken by my son in

Guernsey. The upper surface somewhat resembles that of L. Clymenus, a Russian

species, and in the band of the fore wings of the male not being forked it approaches

L. Tegelius from Corsica. The most decided peculiarity is in the under side of the

hind wings, and it appears to differ as much from L. Megera as the latter does from

L. Mera and L. Meroides, Boisd., found in Hindostan ; this last species hardly differs

from L. Mera. Examples in the British Museum of L. Megera from Persia in no

wise differ from the European specimens.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited specimens of the Cychramus fungicola of Heer and

Erichson, an insect which he believed had been commonly confounded in this country

with the C. luteus. The C. fungicola, however, might be distinguished by its more

convex form, stronger punctuation, less dense and coarser pubescence, and, usually by

the disc of the elytron being clouded with brown.

A series of C. luteus was exhibited, with the C. fungicola for comparison. Mr. Water-

house stated that he believed both speeies were equally common, and that he had taken

them both at Darenth Wood, Birch Wood and Erith. He here observed that the second

species of Byturus (viz., B. fumatus) he had this year found both at Darenth and Birch

Woods; that at the time he first called attention to the existence of B. fumatus in

England, he was not aware of the localities of the very few specimens which came

under his notice. The B. fumatus he was aware had been taken by other entomolo-

gists in the London district ; he had seen specimens captured by Mr. Douglas and

Mr. Stokes.

Mr. Waterhouse then exhibited specimens of two species of Ceutorhynchus, which

had to be added to our list of British Coleoptera. The first was the C. Syrites of Germar,

Gyllenhal and Schénherr. The specimens exhibited were found by sweeping in the

field opposite the inn at Birch Wood Corner, on the 11th of July last, and he had taken

a single specimen at Erith on the 26th of June last.

The C. Syrites is nearly allied to C. assimilis, but may be distinguished by its

shorter and more convex form, the larger size of the white scales (which are very dense,

and form a white line along the suture), with which it is clothed, the somewhat coarser

125

sculpturing, and, lastly, by the apical third of the elytra being covered with minute

tubercles, both on the upper surface and sides. Formerly another species of Ceuto-

rhyncus had been mistaken for the C. Syrites, viz., the C. inaffectatus of Schénherr, a

more oblong and more depressed insect, readily distinguished by its femora being

dentate, on which account it is placed in a separate section.

The other species exhibited was the C. tarsalis, of which Mr. Waterhouse had

taken specimens at Erith, on June 26th, by sweeping. It was found in company with

C. sulcicollis, which it much resembles. Like that insect it has a patch of pale (either

yellowish or almost white) scales on the sides of the chest, at the angle between the

thorax and elytra, but its form is more elongate and depressed, and, instead of being

dull black above, it is somewhat glossy, especially the elytra, which, moreover, have a

slight metallic tint, usually of a bronze hue. In its form it more nearly approaches

the C. cyaneipennis, from which it may be distinguished by its dark colouring, and

the pale patch of scales already alluded to, and from both the species named it differs

in having pale testaceous tarsi.

Mr. Waterhouse then proceeded to observe that “ Mr. Walton, having prepared

a Catalogue of the British Curculionide for the British Museum, and all the desiderata

of the Museum British collection being marked in this Catalogue, he, with his well-

known liberality and public spirit, tien presented to the public a series of all the

species which were desiderata to the Museum, including the unique specimens.

Among these specimens thus presented are two British specimens of a Ceutorhynchus

bearing the name “ tarsalis ;” there is, also presented by the same gentleman, a third

insect with the same name, this last having been received by Mr. Walton from Germar.

With Germar’s specimen the insect exhibited by me as C. tarsalis agrees perfectly,

as it does likewise with Schonhert’s description, but when compared with Mr. Walton’s

two specimens I notice differences which lead me to doubt if they be the same species ;

they want the metallic gloss on the elytra, are rather more convex, the striz of the

elytra are rather more strongly marked, and the interstices are more strongly rugulose ;

moreover, the tubercles at the apex of the elytra are mcch less distinct. I cannot

help thinking that the two insects in question will prove to be varieties of the C. sulci-

collis, in which the tarsi are piceo-rufous instead of black. It seems to me probable

that Mr. Walton had some doubts of this identification, and hence did not introduce

the species C. tarsalis into his list. An insect which appeared to me to agree with

Mr. Walton’s I now exhibit: it certainly is a very rare circumstance for C. sulcicollis

to have the tarsi ferruginous ; for I have examined an immense number of specimens,

and this is the only one I have seen, with the exception of the two specimens in the

Museum already alluded to.”

Mr. Waterhouse also exhibited a specimen of Trox hispidus of Laichart, and like-

wise a specimen of Crioceris dodecastigma of Panzer, both of which he had reason to

believe were English; he knew not the locality of either, and his object was to call

attention to these insects, through Which he thought it possible to learn some definite

localities for them.

Of these insects he has possessed a specimen of each for years ; they were given to

him by his friends, and were suppused both by him and them to be the nearly allied

British species, viz., Trox sabulosus and Crioceris 12-punctata. The Trox Mr. W.

had long back separated from sabulosus, but could not identify with any description,

but recently Dr. Power brought to him for identification a species which appeared

to him distinct from others. With this Mr. W. was able to satisfy himself that Dr.

Power’s insect is the Trox hispidus of Laichart, and that his own insect is a variety of

the same, in which the thorax is very sparingly punctured, whereas it should be rather

thickly punctured. The species is readily distinguished by the alternate rows of

smaller and larger tubercles on the elytra.

The Crioceris dodecastigma, which has until quite recently been confounded in

his collection (never having been looked at probably since it was received), is distin-

guished from C. 12-punctata by the legs and under parts of the body being entirely

black, instead of red. The orbit of the eye is also entirely black, and the antenne

are less stout, &c.

Mr. Rye exhibited a specimen of Deleaster dichrous, taken in a house at Glasgow ;

a female of Odonteus mobilicornis, from Darenth Wood ; and a singular male example

of Rhynchites betuleti, destitute of the usual spines on the thorax.

Mr. Westwood exhibited some examples of the pupe of Papilio Machaon, received

from Dr. Verloren, and detailed some experiments by him, proving that the well-known

diversity of colour in the pupz of this species is not indicative of the sexes, or of any

variation in the colours of the imago.

Natural Cross Breeding in Bees.

Mr. Tegetmeier described a series of experiments he had been making recently to

ascertain whether there existed any natural means for preventing continued inter-

breeding in the honey bee. He stated that his own experience, as a breeder of several

varieties of vertebrate animals, was that continued interbreeding led to deterioration

of size, great delicacy of constitution, and ultimately to extinction of the race. It had

been alleged, in opposition to these views, that continuous interbreeding was not injurious

to the bee, the young queens being supposed to be fertilized by the drones of the same

hive, bred from the same parent. It is well known that on a stranger worker bee

attempting to enter a hive it is at once seized by the guards, and, unless it succeeds in

escaping, stung to death. He found that on placing drones captured as they entered

one hive at the entrance of another they ran in and were readily received. In order

to ascertain whether they ever willingly entered other hives than those from which they

emerged, he marked them as they flew forth, by dusting them with flour, and observed

that about one-third of the whole number flew into other hives on their return. The

workers do not appear to distinguish between stranger drones and those of their own

hive ; in fact the drones seem common to all the hives in an apiary; hence, even sup-

posing a young queen to be always fertilized by the drones inhabiting the hive in which

she is reared, continuous interbreeding must of necessity be prevented.

Mr. Tegetmeier also exhibited reared specimens of Apis Ligustica, from a hive of

that species at the Apiary, Muswell Hill, London.

Mr. Westwood read “* Remarks on the Effects of Time and Heat in the Develop-

ment of certain Sphingidz,” being the results of most elaborate observations, by Dr.

Verloren, on Sphinx Ligustri and other species.

Mr. Scott read descriptions of four new species of Coleophora, viz., C. Melilotella,

C. Artemisiella, C. Ardepennella and C, politella.

Part 6 of the current volume of the Society’s ‘ Transactions’ were announced as

published.

September 3, 1860.

H. T. Srainron, Esq., V.P., in the chair.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to

the donors : —‘ Monographie des Elaterides,’ par M. E. Caudéze, Tome troisiéme ;

presented by the Author. ‘ Verbandlungen der Kaiserlich-K6éniglichen Zoologisch-

Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien,’ Vol. ix.; by the Society. ‘The Proceedings of

the Zoological Society of London, 1860, Parts ]. and II.; by the Society. ‘ Stettiner

Entomologische Zeitung, 1860, Nos. 4—9; by the Fntomological Society of Stettin.

‘ Coléoptéres des Iles Acores, par Frederic Tarnier ; by the Author. ‘The Zoologist’

for September; by the Editor. ‘ Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical So-

ciety of Liverpool during the Forty-ninth Session, 1859—60; by the Society. ‘The

Journal of the Society of Arts’ for August; by the Society. ‘The Entomologist’s

Weekly Intelligencer,’ Nos. 201—204; by H. T. Stainton, Esq.

Election of a Subscriber.

John Ellerton, Esq., of 9, Westmoreland Place, Westbourne Grove, was elected a

Subscriber to the Society.

Evhihitions.

Mr. Stevens exhibited two examples of Diachromus germanus, recently captured

in the town of Deal; one having been found by Mr. Smith, jun., crawling on the

pavement; the other by himself, on the wall of a house.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited examples of the larva, pupa and imago of Trachodes

hispidus, forwarded to him by Mr. Plant, of Leicester.

Mr. Waterhouse also exhibited two species of Dorcatoma, both bred from rotten

wood brought from Richmond Park. The first was D. flavicornis, and was merely

exhibited for comparison with the second, which Mr. W. believed to be the D. chryso-

melina of Sturm. It differs in being more oblong than D. flavicornis. The three

terminal joints of the antenne are much more dilated in the male, and the penulti-

mate and antepenultimate joints have the upper edge emarginate. In specimens

which appear to be females the corresponding joints differ much less from those of

D. flavicornis; still the upper edge is slightly emarginate, and the three club joints

are more unequal in size, the first being relatively larger.

Mr. Janson remarked that Mr. Frederick Smith had captured, some twelve years

back, on old oaks near Peckham, a species of Dorcatoma which agreed well with

Sturm’s figure and description of D. chrysomelina ; he had himself likewise taken the

insect in the same locality, and had labelled it in his collection without doubt as

D. chrysomelina, Scurm.

Mr. Pelerin exhibited a beautiful variety of Staphylinus cwsareus, having the

pubescence entirely fulvous. Also, Platystethus nitens and Mycetophagus 4-guttatus,

taken at Hornsey, both these species being of very rare occurrence in Britain.

Mr. G. King exhibited some fine varieties of Crambus paludellus, Argynnis Eu-

phrosyne, Arctia villica and Calligenia miniata. Also, a series of Acentropus niveus,

from Horning Fen, Norfolk.

Mr. Lewis exhibited specimens of Hallomenus humeralis, which he had lately

found in abundance on a fence at Charlton. This species was first recorded as British

in the ‘ Entomologist’s Annual’ for 1859.

128

Mr. Stainton exhibited some larve of Nemotois scabiosellus which he had received

from Herr Hofmann, of Ratisbon. They had been obtained by collecting the scabious-

heads in which females had been observed ovipositing. The difficulty attendant on the

finding of these larvee was now apparent, as the young larva fed in the seeds, and then

made use of the seed-husk asa case, till it had attained a sufficient size to require a flat

leaf-made case. Whilst ensconced in the seed-husk the larva could scarcely be

detected, the inhabited seed-husk resembling so precisely the other seeds of the

plant.

Mr. Janson exhibited specimens of a new British Donacia, D. Comari (Ahr.),

Suffrian, taken by the late James Foxcroft in Perthshire, in May, 1854. He re-

marked that this species so nearly resembled the common D. sericea, LZ. (D. Proteus,

Steph.), that it has probably been confounded with it in some of our collections; it

may, however, be readily distinguished by its parallel elytra, and the totally different

structure of its antenne, which are much shorter and stouter, with the third joint only

just perceptibly longer than the second, and but very little shorter than the fourth ;

whereas in D. sericea the antenne have the third joint fully half as long again as the

second, and nearly as much shorter than the fourth. He observed that the occurrence

of this species in Britain was particularly interesting, as it had hitherto been found

only in the Hartz mountains, where it was discovered about the year 1806, by Dahl,

who, from mercenary motives, not only kept its true locality a secret, but circulated

various absurd and false statements respecting it; thus, Ahrens, in his ‘ Monograph of

Donacia’ (Neue Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft zu Halle, 29, 1810),

relates that Dabl had beaten it in some numbers from pine trees. Twenty years sub-

sequently, however (in the summer of 1830), Ahrens found the beetle in considerable

plenty in the Hartz, on the leaves of Comarum palustre ; and at the end of July in

the following year Dr. Suffrian met with it under similar circumstances in the same

locality (vide Ent. Zeit. Stett. vii. 85, 1846). Mr. Janson further remarked, that

although our British species of Donacia are readily separable by external characters,

several North-American species are not only so closely allied ander se, but, moreover,

bear so strong a resemblance to certain European species, that while, on the one hand,

certain slight yet apparently constant peculiarities in habit induce the conviction that

they are really specifically distinct, it is, on the other hand, utterly impossible to find

good diagnostics whereby to characterise them. A few evenings since, being engaged

with Mr. Baly in endeavouring to throw the North-American Donacie of that gen-

tleman’s extensive collection into species, they remarked that many of the specimens

presented an exserted organ at the apex of the abdomen ; these they at first supposed

to be males, but the microscope soon convinced them that they were females, and that

the organ thus protruded was the ovipositor within its sheaths. To clear up the

doubts they at first had on this point they examined many specimens, and the result not

only satisfied them that this organ is the ovipositor, but that the structure both of the

superior and inferior valves, especially the first, varies so much in apparently closely-

allied species as to afford reliable characters for their discrimination.

Mr. Rye exhibited a Bagous, apparently distinct from the recorded British spe-

cies, taken at Hammersmith. Also, on behalf. of Mr. Solomon, the following rare

Coleoptera : — Aleochara ruficornis, from Campsie Glen, Glasgow ; Philonthus lepi-

dus, from Southport ; Omias sulcifrons, from York; and Phléophagus Spadix, from

Purfleet.

Mr. McLachlan exhibited some Lepidoptera recently captured in the Isle of

Wight, including fine specimens of Triphena subsequa and Depressaria bipunctosa,

129

and a long series of a Gelechia allied to G. instabilella and G. ocellatella, but con-

sidered by him perfectly distinct from either.

Mr. McLacblan also brought for distribution among the members a series of bred

specimens of Coleophora saturatella.

Mr. Janson read the following letter, lately received by him from Walter Elliott,

Esq., of Hawick, N.B., dated August 30, 1860 :—

“ Dear Sir,—I have not been unmindful of the interesting conversation I had with

you in the month of June last, on the subject of the Hylobius Abietis, but several

things have occurred to call me away from home, and I have not been able to make

much investigation, until within the last few days, into the ravages of the insect.

“T find that although well known to the working foresters with whom I have con-

versed, the insect has attracted little attention from proprietors of woodlands and

country gentlemen.

“ The larch is known to be failing throughout Scotland, and I believe throughout

Britain; and much speculation exists as to the cause or causes. The Scottish Arbo-

ricultural Society, instituted in 1854, offered a prize in 1857 for the best essay on the

causes of decay in the larch (‘On the Dry Rot and other diseases in Larch and

Spruce’), and in the volume of their ‘ Transactions’ for the current year I find a short

paper by James McNeoll, forester, of Abercairney, Crieff, which makes no mention of

the Hylobins as a primary agent of destruction, but dwells largely on the physiological

conditions required for a healthy plantation, and observes, incidentally, that the plants

in crowded plantations become sickly and etiolated, and thus ‘ the languid circulation

of the tree in summer invites the attacks of a species of beetle, whose ravages destroy

the foliage, thus impairing the wood-producing foliage or power of assimilation. —P. 8.

“ Brown, in the ‘ Forester,’ second edition, 1849, does not notice the beetle at all,

but in the most recent work I can find on the subject, intituled ‘The Larch Disease,’ by

Charles McIntosh, Blackwood, 1860, it is mentioned, among ‘ the accidental misfortunes

the larch is liable to, as evidently a very minor cause of the mischief so extensively pre-

vailing in larch plantations, but its operations are limited ‘to attacks on newly-

planted larch, or such as are sickly.’—P. 113.

“The main causes of decay, according to these authorities, are :—

“1, The employment of bad seed, the produce of sickly or unhealthy trees. The

larch appears to have been indiscriminately and very extensively planted on all kinds

of soil. Many of these, particularly rich low-lying soils and undrained wet lands, are

uncongenial to the nature of the tree, and the plantations have failed more or less ac-

cordingly, exhibiting what is called ‘dry rot or decay at the heart” It seems to be a

fact that unhealthy trees produce a larger crop of cones than sound ones, and hence

much bad seed has been gathered and distributed.

“2. Plantations on the old red sand-stone formation invariably fail ; and this rock is

very prevalent in Scotland.

“3. Plantations of larch on ground previously occupied by other coniferous trees,

or indeed any trees, also fail.

“ There is no doubt that larch timber has been much infected by what the foresters

call ‘ dry rot’ or decay at the heart, and probably the use of low, or rich, or wet soils

may have been the occasion of this. I am also prepared to admit that mischief may

have resulted from the employment of morbid seed. But I believe the attacks of this

beetle have had far more to do with the destruction of trees than has hitherto been sus-

pected. My present forester, a native of Sutherlandshire, says he has been familiar

130

with the attacks of the beetle in the north for the last ten years. It has certainly been

unknown in the south, where I now am, until within two or three years, and now it is

swarming in every wood. Six years ago, when ona visit from India to my father-in-law

in Ayrshire, the Hylobius was pointed out to me by the old forester at Blairquhan as

a recent scourge which had just made its appearance. It appears, therefore, to have

travelled from the north gradually towards the south. Several persons here whose

attention I have drawn to the subject, and who have consequently directed observation

more carefully to the matter, have been struck with the extent of the damage inflicted

by the beetle on the woods around, which they had previously attributed to such-like

vague causes as dry rot, fungus, ulcers, &c., and I am persuaded that more careful

investigation will invest the ravages of the Hylobius with a degree of importance they

have not hitherto received.

“ By this post I send you a small box containing specimens of the beetle of both

sexes. One pair at least were captured in conjunction. I also send pieces of a stem

of a young larch, showing how completely they have gnawn the bark. I find trees of

all ages are attacked by them. On large trees the twigs that haye been gnawn wither,

but the rest of the tree looks healthy. Branch after branch, however, is destroyed,

and then the top withers and the trunk dies. The numbers of the beetles are so great

that I can suggest no means for destroying them. They are evidently on the increase,

and will soon leave not a larch alive. I have also found them attacking the spruce

occasionally.

“‘ Have you been able to make any more discoveries of the habits of the Hylobius

from the German work you showed me? I should be glad of any hints you can give

me to direct further examination of the subject. As far as I can observe, the breeding

season is now begun, but I have failed to discover any eggs or larva.”

October 1, 1860.

H. T. Stainton, Esq., V.P., in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented

to the donors:—‘ The Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England,’

vol. xxi. Part 1; presented by the Society. ‘ Proceedings of the Royal Society,’

vol. x. No. 40; by the Society. ‘Mémoires de Académie Imperiale des Sciences,

Belles-Lettres et Arts de Lyon,’ Classe des Sciences, Tomes viii and ix.; Classe des

Lettres, Tome vii.; by the Academy. ‘Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles

d’Agriculture et d’Industrie de Lyon, Tomes ii. and iii.; by the Society. ‘ Exotic

Butterflies,’ Part 36; by W. W. Saunders, Esq. ‘The Journal of the Society of

Arts’ for September; by the Society. ‘The Zoologist’ for September; by the

Editor.

131

Election of a Member.

M. Deyrolle, of Rue Rivoli, Paris, was balloted for, and elected a member of the

Society.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Janson exhibited specimens of Epitrix Atrope, Maerkel, Foudras (Crepi-

dodera Atrope, Allard), taken on Atropa Belladonna, near Arundel, by Mr. Wollaston

and the Rev. Hamlet Clark, on the 8th ultimo. He remarked that several examples

of this species, new to the British list, had been found a few days previously in the

same locality by Mr. John Gray, and he had this morning heard from Mr. S. Stevens

that specimens, reported at the time as the E. pubescens of Panzer, were taken by Mr.

H. Francis near Reigate, on the 22nd of June last. He also remarked that this

insect, considered by the older entomologists as a mere variety of E. pubescens, and

beautifully figured as such as far back as 1803, by Sturm in the ‘ Entomologische

Hefte, was first signalised as a distinct species by Herr Maerkel, and that the late

M. Foudras of Lyons had described it in his extraordinary work ‘ Altisides de France,

and pointed out the differences between it and its near allies Epitrix pubescens, Panz.

and EK. intermedia, Foudras ; and further that the genus Epitrix is not accepted by

by M. Allard, in his ‘ Essai Monographique sur les Galerucites Anisopodes, Latr., ou

Description des Altises d’Europe et des bords de la mer Méditerranée,’ of which the

first portion has recently appeared in the ‘Annales de la Société Entomologique de

France,’ who places the E. pubescens and E. Atrope at the end of the genus Crepidodera,

remarking with respect to the latter that “elle n’est peutétre q’une variété de la pubes-

cens ;” but the form of the edeagus, described by M. Foudras, is so dissimilar in the

two insects, and, setting aside size and colour, the difference in the form and sculpture

of the prothorax, although in creatures thus minute scarcely perceptible to the unas-

sisted eye, is so apparent under a lens, that he entertained no doubt whatever as to the

propriety of considering them good and distinct species.

Mr. Janson also laid before the meeting a box, handed to him for that purpose by

Mr. Baly, containing examples of closely allied species of Donacia, Chrysomela and

Paropsis : by the side of each specimen, mounted on card, were placed the generative

organs extracted from it. He called particular attention to these organs as exhibiting

striking differences in species so closely resembling each other as to be readily taken

for mere varieties, and to the perfect condition of the insects which had been submitted

to this operation, showing that with a little practice and care the most valuable insects

may be thus treated without injury.

Mr. Stevens exhibited two examples of Diachromus germanus, taken at Hastings

a few years ago; and a specimen of Coptodera massiliensis, found alive in the street at

Hastings many years since by Mr. Rankings.

Mr. Waterhouse considered this latter insect had most probably been imported

amongst foreign plants.

Mr. Stevens also exhibited a small collection of insects of various orders made by Mr.

Oxley in New Zealand ; a large box of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera from the vicinity of

the Cape of Good Hope, sent home by Mr. Trimen ; and a fine Goliathus allied to G.

Derbyanus, from the interior of Africa, likewise forwarded to this country by Mr.

Trimen.

132

Mr. Westwood exhibited a box of exotic Lepidoptera, recently obtained in Paris,

containing many rare and interesting species, especially several collected by M. Lorquin

in the Philippine Islands, including Papilio Daedalus, Zethera Pimplea (of which the

male only had been hitherto known—figured by Erichson—the female now exhibited

being totally unlike the male), Debis Lorquinii, a species belonging to the family

Satyridw, but having the wings of the male of a resplendent blue colour; also Morpho

Aurora, Westw. (a lovely species of great rarity), several brilliant Erycinide, a fine

new Paphia from Columbia, and a remarkable Adolias from the Philippine Islands ;

likewise specimens of both sexes of Saturnia Cynthia and S. Ricini, reared at Paris,

as well as specimens of both sexes of a hybrid variety reared between the two last

mentioned species. Unfortunately, owing to the absence of M. Guérin Méneville

from Paris during Mr. Westwood’s visit, he had not been able to obtain any detailed

account of the circumstances under which these hybrids had been produced, nor had

he learned whether they were prolific. M.Guérin himself had given in the ‘ Annales

de la Sociéte Entomologique de France, 1859 (Proc. p. xlvi.), some account of these

hybrids showing their peculiar tendency both in structure and habits to one or other

of their parents. On the occasion when this account was given to the French Society,

M. Aubé suggested the probability that the two supposed parent species were not

specifically distinct, but were, on the contrary, only races due to domesticity, an opinion

which Mr. Westwood was induced to adopt, although the circumstances connected with

the two supposed species as regarded their food-plants, relative capability of enduring

cold, time of pupation, &c., if applied to great numbers of the Micro-Lepidoptera

would be regarded by most modern Lepidopterists as decided evidence of distinctness of

species. Even supposing these hybrids are not fertile (upon which, however, Mr. West-

wood had no information) the fact of the facility with which the species had been

crossed seemed to him to show that the pareuts were more nearly related than if they

were really distinct species.

Mr. Lubbock wished Mr. Westwood would confirm by actual experiments his

repeatedly expressed opinion that very many of the so-called species, both of Macro-

and Micro-Lepidoptera, were mere modifications produced by§ diversity of food,

locality, &c.

Mr. Stainton observed that the hybrid Saturnia exhibited by Mr. Westwood were

larger and finer insects than either S. Ricini or 8. Cynthia; he thought such would

hardly be the case if they were mere local varieties of one species.

Mr. Syme exhibited a female specimen of Sphinx Convolvuli, which had

emerged from the pupa on the 15th ult. It had been produced from a larva

found in a potato field at Deal in the autumn of last year, and had remained

nearly a year in the pupa state; the eggs contained in the abdomen were, however,

extremely small.

Mr. Smith exhibited a specimen of a Danish humble-bee (Bombus equestris) caught

by Mr. J. Stevens on board a steamer at sea, midway between Hamburg and Lowes-

toft, and consequently about two hundred miles from land.

Mr. Smith also exhibited two parasites found on Anobium paniceum, received from

Dr. Power. The insects, which were a species of Pteromalus, had been found by that

gentleman on the Anobia, bred in a preparation of a human arm which had been

laid aside for some time.

Mr. Janson observed that he had frequently met with Anobium paniceum asso-

ciated with a minute Hymenopterous parasite closely resembling, he would not say

133

identical with that exhibited by Mr. Smith, in druggists’ shops, amongst pearl barley

and coriander seed.

Mr. Stainton exhibited, on behalf of the Rev. Mr. Hellins, drawings of the larvae of

the nine British species of the genus Melanippe, admirably executed by Mr. W. Buckler.

The larve delineated had in all instances been bred from the eggs, and were repre-

sented both of the natural size and magnified.

Mr. Bond exhibited some Lepidoptera from the Isle of Wight, including a

fine example of Leucania vitellina, and the female of Agrotis cinerea, both

captured by Mr. Rogers; and a beautiful series of Heliophobus hispida, taken by

himself.

Mr. Stevens communicated some extracts from a letter received by him from

Mr. R. Trimen, on the Entomology of the Cape of Good Hope.

Mr. Janson said that he was desirous of contradicting a report in circulation rela-

tive to Donacia Comari, exhibited by him at the previous meeting as a species hitherto

unrecorded as British, to the effect that it is described by the late Mr. Stephens under

the name of Donacia Proteus, and had therefore been Jong known as indigenous. He

stated that the facts are simply as follows. First, Stephens’ Latin diagnosis of D.

Proteus is copied verbatim from Kunze; his description is an abridged translation from

the same author. Secondly, 1). Proteus of Kunze is identical with D. sericea of Lin-

neus, and has been cited on all hands for the past twenty years as a synonym of that

species. Thirdly, D. sericea of Linneus and D. Comari of Ahrens and Suffrian

(D. sericea, Ahrens olim nec Linn.) being a distinct species it is obvious that Stephens’

description cannot refer to D, Comari. Moreover the “ prominent anterior angles of

the thorax ” of Stephens’ description of D. Proteus apply incontestably to D. sericea

of Linneus and not to D. Comari, which has those angles obtuse and deflexed.

Supposed new Species of Nonagria.

Dr. Knaggs exhibited some specimens of an undescribed species of Nonagria?

taken at Folkestone, and read the following remarks and description :-—

“It may be recollected that specimens of Nonagria concolor were taken for the

first time in this country at Whittlesea Mere, in the year 1849, and for the last time,

in the same locality, in 1850. The spot was afterwards destroyed by fire, and subse-

quently cultivated, since which the insect has been seen no more. Its time of appear-

ance was June, and it came to‘ sugar.’ In 1859, at Folkestone, I captured specimens

of a Nonagria which bore considerable resemblance to this species, and which was

returned by M. Guenée as N. concolor. Through the kindness of my friends Messrs.

Doubleday and Bond, who have lent me specimens of the true N. concolor for com-

parison, I am enabled to give the following characteristics, which I think justify the

acceptance of my specimens as a species totally distinct from Nonagria concolor, and

new to Science. In the following remarks I shall designate my specimens Nonagria

Bondii.

“In addition to the larger size of Nonagria Bondii, and the difference in colour,

the fore wings being constantly paler, the hind wings darker in N. Bondii than in N.

concolor, there are other distinguishing characters. In shape N. concolor approaches

that of a Glea, N. Bondii that of a Noctua; for instance, the costa of the fore wings

in N. concolor presents from the base to the middle a convex curve, and for the rest *

is straight, or if anything even slightly coucave ; while in N. Bondii there is a gradual

134

convex curve frum base to apex; if there is any straightness or approach to concavity

it is on the basal side of the middle of the costa. Again, the hind margin of the fore

wings is considerably more angulated in N. concolor than in N. Bondii; in the latter

the curve is much less abrupt, gradual, and in some cases inappreciable. The costa

and inner margin are also more parallel in N. concolor, and there is consequently less

breadth of the fore wings from the costa to the anal angle; and the breadth at the

insertion seems also greater in proportion in N. concolor than in N. Bondii. The

hind wings are much more oval in N. Bondii, and are devoid of a concave notch a little

below the costa which is constant in N. concolor. The general appearance of

N. Bondii is much more slender than that of N. concolor, especially as regards the

proportionate size of the thorax. The antenne are much longer, legs darker, larger

and much less hairy in N. Bondii than in N. concolor, indeed in the former the legs

are comparatively almost naked. With respect to markings, there is a constant dotted

line more or less distinct at the insertion of the cilia in the fore wings of N. concolor,

totally wanting in N. Bondii. There is on the other hand a constant shade in the

centre of the hind wings in N. Bondii, absent in N. concolor; and while the under

surface of the fore wings is dark sooty gray in N. Bondii, it is pale brownish gray in

N. concolor; this, too, applies to a certain extent to the under side of the hind wings,

in which however other differences are visible. The palpi of N. concolor are larger,

stouter and much more thickly clothed with scales than in N. Bondii, although the

latter is the larger insect, and the palpal scales show considerable difference re-

spectively under the microscope. The down from the tippet is very diagnostic under

the microscope in N. concolor; each scale at its free end is notched with four or five

deep serrations, while in N. Bondii these serrations are either entirely wanting or there

are two very slight lateral serrations. Scales, from corresponding points in the wings

of the respective species, present considerable differences, but owing to the difficulty of

obtaining them all of the same size their comparison is not so satisfactory as I could

wish.

“The above microscopic observations were made from insects of the same sex,

namely, females; and when to these it is added that N. concolor used to appear from

the beginning to the middle of June, mine from the end of June to the end of July;

that N. concolor is a fen insect, mine a coast insect ; that N. concolor used to ‘ come

to sugar,’ whereas I never knew N. Bondii to do so until the second flight (about

11.30 p.m.), I think that I have some reason in bringing this forward as a distinct

species ; and as it is on all sides admitted that if not N. concolor it is new to Science,

I beg to maintain the latter, and propose for my insect the name of

Nonacria ? Bonpit.

Alis anticis amplioribus, ovato-triangularibus concoloribus osseo-albis, serie punc-

torum semicirculari inter marginem posteriorem mediumque ducta, subtus

tenebrosis ; alis posticis ovatis fumeo-cinereis umbra centrali tinctis ; fimbriis

candidis; thorace et abdomine tenuibus ; antennis longioribus.

Exp. al. 1 in. 2 lin. ad 1 in. 33 lin.”

Ravages of Hylobius Abietis.

Mr. Janson communicated the following extracts from a letter which he had

addressed to Mr. Walter Elliott, of Wolfelee, Hawick, N.B., in reply to his request

135

for information relative to the economy of Hylobius Abietis, and the plans best

adapted to arrest the ravages of this beetle :—

** London, Sept. 18, 1860.

“My dear Sir,— Your favour, accompanied by specimens of Hylobius Abietis and

twigs of larch from which they had gnawn the bark, reached me in due course on the

3rd. The interesting remarks on the ravages of the beetle, and the specimens, were

communicated to the Society at its meeting on the same evening, and an account will

appear in the ‘ Proceedings.’

“ Having ransacked such foreign works as I possess which treat on insects inju-

rious to foresters, for information respecting the Hylobius, the following memoranda

will perhaps prove not altogether unacceptable.

“ This beetle appears to attack indiscrimately ail the species of fir cultivated in

Germany, preferring however, according to Ratzeburg, Pinus sylvaticus and P. abies.

In countries where firs are not grown this insect seems to be unknown.

“Tt is the perfect insect alone which is directly injurious. It gnaws the young

shoots, causing them to wither. The extremities of a tree thus attacked (the most

vigorous and healthy trees are invariably selected by the beetle) several years in suc-

cession, sickness and death inevitably ensue; in dry seasons especially, the mischief

this beetle occasions in fir woods where it abounds, is almost incredible.

“The perfect beetles emerge from May to October, and copulation takes place

from the period first named to about the end of June, but is rarely witnessed later in

the year: the beetles which make their appearance after this time hybernate, and do

not copulate until the ensuing spring. The female deposits her eggs, and the larve

subsist, either in the stems of sickly or dead, standing or felled trees, or in the stumps

and roots of those which have been felled remaining in the ground, and are therefore

scarcely to be considered as directly injurious. Hence it will be obvious that by grub-

bing up all stumps, and keeping the plantations cleared of all sickly and dead trees,

an important step will be made towards reducing the numbers of the beetles. All

timber should be barked as soon after it is felled as practicable, as the females lay

their eggs in the bark only. All dead branches likewise should be lopped off close to

the stem.

“Ratzeburg mentions several plans adopted in Germany for entrapping the

beetles: of these the most successful appear to be—

“1, Pits and trenches with perpendicular sides, dug at frequent intervals round

the plantations and along the sides of the paths or road-ways, into which the beetles

fall or fly, and from which, being unable to escape, they are to be taken and destroyed.

“2. Bunches of young fir boughs laid about the plantations or in the pits. These

are to be shaken daily over cloths, and the beetles collected and destroyed. As soon

as the boughs commence to dry they prove unattractive, and must be replaced by

fresh ones. Ratzeburg informs us that 2500 beetles have been taken daily from 100

of these bunches or bundles.

downwards allure the beetles in great numbers ; on lifting these the insects are found

congregated upon and beneath them.

“ T remain, &c.,

“ Epwarp W. Janson.

“To W, Elliott, Esq.”

136

Notes on the Habits of a Species of Mantis found at the Cape of Good Hope.

Mr. Smith read the following communication from Mr. Trimen :—

“A Mantis taken on May 13th has, during the two months just elapsed, con-

structed four nests of eggs, at intervals of about a fortnight. I had the pleasure of

seeing her construct one of these, and was rather surprised at her method of pro-

ceeding. I used to fancy that the eggs were arranged first, and the structure coated

over with cement afterwards ; but I found this to be a great mistake. The insect is

grass-green, mandibles scarlet, fore tibia and tarsi yellow, and band along the abdo-

men crimson and white. The nest is constructed all in a mass, that is to say, the eggs

as they emerge are completely imbedded in a frothy cement so as to be invisible. The

emission of the mingled eggs and cement is incessant, and the structure is shaped as

it proceeds by the extremity of the abdomen and a sharp trowel-like organ which pro-

trudes from within the abdomen, while the two external filamentous anal appendages

are constantly moving over the surface as if to smooth it. The peculiar projection at

one end of the nest is the finishing pvint, and the insect, as if aware that it would drop

off if left immediately after formation, sustains the little horn-like process between its

anal plates for some minutes, until sufficiently solidified to sustain itself in position,

I cannot imagine the use of this curious projection, unless it is to frighten marauding

insects or other enemies from devouring the eggs. The eggs, when the cement has

dried, give the nest a ribbed appearance: the structure is remarkably firm and hard

when dry. The four nests are as nearly as possible of the same size, and of precisely

similar shape.

“The manner of devouring the house-flies I feed my Mantide with is

peculiarly remorseless and sanguinary. Once having seized its prey, with a sudden,

embracing stroke of one or both of its powerful fore legs, the Mantis conveys it

to its mouth, and immediately commences to devour it. There is no preparatory

wounding or stupefying of the unfortunate victim; the devourer eats regularly down,

generally commencing at the eyes, the unfortunate fly struggling to the last bit of

muscle he has left; the fly’s legs are always devoured, his wings but rarely. The

Mantis when hungry would catch and eat portions of ‘ bluebottles, but generally

dropped it half-devoured, and always if I introduced an ordinary fly. One very large

Musca vomitoria that the Mantis attacked, after she had just finished a nest, actually

dragged the Mantis round the box, she devouring the back of its thorax all the time!

These remarks may probably have nothing but their accuracy to recommend

them.”

137

November 5, 1860.

J. W. Doves, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to the

donors:—‘ Patent Office Reports: Agriculture, for 1857, 1858, 1859; presented by

the United States Government. ‘Twelfth Annual Report of the Ohio State Board of

Agriculture, with an Abstract of the Proceedings of the Gounty Agricultural Societies

to the General Assembly of Ohio: for the year 1857;’ by the Board. ‘ Annual

Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, shewing the Opera-

tions, Expenditures and Condition of the Institution for the year 1858’; by the In-

stitution. ‘ Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History,’ Vol. vi., Sheets

23—28; Vol. vii., Sheets 1—9; by the Society. ‘ Bibliographia librorum Entomolo-

gicorum in America Boreali Editorum ;’ by the Author, W.Sharswood. ‘ Sitzungsbe-

richte der Konig]. bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Miinchen,’ 1860, Heft

1 and 2; by the Academy. ‘ The Zoologist’ for November ; by the Editor. ‘Journal

of the Society of Arts’ for October; by the Editor. ‘The Farm and the Garden,

Vol. ii. Nos. 19—21; by C. A. Wilson, Esq. ‘The Atheneum’ for October; by the

Editor. ‘Dela Chasse des Hymenoptéres ;’ by the Author, Dr. Sichel. ‘ The Jour-

nal of Entomology,’ No. 2; by the Proprietors. Four specimens of Heliophobus his-

pidus ; by F. Bond, Esq.

Exhibitions.

The President exhibited Mycetoporus angularis, Rey and Mulsant, a species not

hitherto announced as British, which he had taken in the mud on the coast near

Shoreham, Sussex, on the 7th ult.: he observed that the above authors described the

sixth segment of the abdomen in this insect as testaceous-brown, which did not agree

with his examples; the insect had been previously taken by Dr. Power and Mr.

Waterhouse.

Dr. Power sent for exhibition the following British Coleoptera, with the accom-

panying remarks :—

Mycetoporus angularis, Rey and Muls. Cambridge, 1833. I have seen many

other specimens in possession of Messrs. Waterhouse, Douglas, Brewer, &c.

Quedius infuscatus, Erich. Sent to me by Mr. Crotch for determination. Said

to be found about nests of Formica fusca.

Ammecius brevis, Erich. Taken by Mr. Hayward on the sands at Southport.

These three insects, I believe, have not hitherto been announced as British.

Sphindus Gyllenhalli, Chev. Taken by C. Turner, in a fungus in the New

Forest. This insect is figured by Spry and Shuckard, and described as found in Sher-

wood Forest, but does not occur in Stephens or any of our Catalogues ; fetes: have

seen any British specimens except this.

Rhizophagus nitidulus, Erich. Scotland. Distinguished from R. dispar, which I

have placed below it for compariscn, by its larger size, cylindrical aud convex form,

the red band at base of the elytra, and especially by the last segment of the abdomen

being deeply impressed beneath.

138

Lemophleus bimaculatus, Payk. New Forest, August, 1860.

Oxyleamus variolosus, Duf. Taken by myself from rotten fungus grown on a stump

at Holme Bush, May, 1860. }

Hetarius sesquicornis. Interesting as taken by myself from a new locality

(Weybridge), in the autumn (October, 1860), and from nests of F. rafa, instead of

those of F. fusca, as at the only other known locality, Hampstead.

Leptinus testaceus. Near London, October, 1860.

Batrisus venustus. Near Croydon, under bark, October, 1860.

Mycetoporus punctus, Erich. Near London, October, 1860.

Philonthus splendidulus, Erich. Scotland, 1860. Possibly sometimes confounded

with P. aterrimus, but easily, distinguished by having only five thoracic punctures and

pale antenne.

Platyderus dissectus. Taken by the Rev. A. H. Matthews near Nottingham.

Mr. M‘Lachlan sent for exhibition a specimen of a new British species of

Phryganidex (Limnophilus borealis of Zetterstedi), identified from a specimen in the

foreign collection in the British Museum, from Dr. Hagen; also an example of

Agrypnia Pagetana (Curtis), taken originally near Yarmouth, and of which very few

British specimens are known. Both of these species were taken by Mr. Winter in the

Ranworth Fens.

Mr. John Scott exhibited the following Coleoptera, recently captured by him-

self; —

Leptinus testaceus. Taken in the London district.

Mycetoporus punctus. Ditto. :

Philonthus splendidulus. Under bark of oak, at Abergavenny.

Omosita depressa. Under bark, at Crwmlyn.

Mr. Stevens exhibited some splendid Coleoptera, lately received from M. Moubot,

captured by him in Cambodia; amongst them may be mentioned both sexes of

Baladeva Walkeri, first described and figured in the ‘ Transactions’ of the Society,

and the female, hitherto unknown; a magnificent new Buprestis, equal in size to the

largest known species of the family; and a splendid smaller species, also new, and

both unique. Mr. Stevens also called attention to some fine new Longicorns and

Anthribide in the collection.

Mr. Janson exhibited the following Coleoptera, not previously recorded as natives

of Britain, viz. Bradycellus harpalinus, Dej., Mycetoporus angularis, Muls., and

Hylastes cunicularius (Anoch.), Erie.

Mr. Janson also exhibited the nest of a Hymenupterous insect, apparently a

species of Pelopeus, which had been found inside a grand piano-forte sent home

from Ceylon to Messrs. Collard & Co., for repairs.

Mr. Waterhouse read a paper intituled “ Notes on Chrysomelide in the Linnean

and Banksian Collections.”

Mr. Walker read “ Characters of undescribed Lepidoptera in the Collection of

W. Wilson Saunders, Esq.”

Part vii. of the current volume of the Society’s ‘ Transactions’ was on the table.

139

December 3, 1860.

J.W. Dovatas, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented to

the donors :—‘* Nouveaux Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou,’

Tomes xi., xii. and xiii. ‘ Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou,’

1859, Parts 2, 3 and 4; 1860, Part 1 ; presented by the Society. ‘ Bibliotheca His-

torico-Naturalis,’ Vol. x. Part 1; by the Author, E. Zuckold, Esq. ‘ Tijdschrift

voor Entomologie,’ Vol. iii. Parts 4,5 and 6; by the Entomological Society of the

Netherlands. ‘ Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung,’ Vol. xxi. Nos. 10,11 and 12; by

the Entomological Society of Stettin. ‘Journal of the ‘ Proceedings of the Linnean

Society,’ Vol. v. No. 18; by the Society.‘ The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer,’

Vol. viii., and Nos. 205—217 ; by the Editor. ‘The Zoologist’ for December ; by the

Editor. ‘ Mein Aufenthalt auf Taiti;’ ‘ Reise von Shanghai bis Sidney ; ‘ Beitrag

zur Fauna Dalmatien’s; ‘ Ueber die ersten Stande von Plinthus Megerlei, Pz.;

‘Mein Aufenthalt in Rio Janeiro; ‘ Beitrag zur Insectengeschichte ;’ ‘ Ueber einen

bisher verkannten Laufkafer, beschrieben von L. Miller: und einen neuen augenlosen

Russelkafer, beschrieben von F.Schmidt: ferner einige von Schmidt in Schischka

neu entdeckte Hohlenthiere ; ‘ Beobachtungen uber die Entwicklungsgeschichte der

Chionea aranevides von Dr. J. Egger und G. Frauenfeld, nebst Anatomie des Insectes

und der Larve von Dr. F. Brauer ; ‘ Ueber die Sommerbeschaftigung eines Theiles

der Bewohner des Wienerwaldes, St. Paul,’ Parts 1 & 2; ‘ Bericht des Henn Custos-

adjuncten G. Frauenfeld uber den Erfolg der ihm gewordenen Mission die Weltum-

segelungs-expedition S.M. fregate ‘ Novara’ als Zoologe zu begleiten ; ‘ Ausflug nach

dem Adamspik auf Ceylon ;’ ‘ Notizen wber die Fauna Hongkong’s und Schanghai’s ;’

‘Notizen gesammelt wahrend meines aufenthaltes auf Neuholland, Neuseeland, und

Taiti;’ presented by G. Frauenfeld. ‘The Journal of the Society of Arts’ for

November; by the Society. ‘The Atheneum’ for November ; by the Editor. ‘ List

of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum,’

by Francis Walker, F.L.S., &c., Part 21, Geometrites (continued) ; by the Author.

Election of a Member.

Mons. Henri de Bonvouloir, of No. 15, Rue de Université, Paris, was balloted for

and elected a Member of the Society.

The President announced that Mr. W. W. Saunders had kindly undertaken to

receive the subscriptions from members of the Entomological Society of France resi-

‘dent in this country, and that the ‘ Annales’ of that Society would be forwarded to

him, and be delivered to members so paying, at his office, No. 13, Copthall Court,

London.

Exhibitions.

Mr. Stevens exhibited some Coleoptera sent from Ceram by Mr. Wallace, in-

cluding Eucheirus longimanus, Monohammus Grayii, and other fine species.

Mr. King exhibited a singular variety of Camptogramma bilineata, and two spe-

cimens of Leucania putrescens taken near Torquay.

140

The Rev. A. R. Hogan exhibited specimens of Niphargus Kochianus, Spence Baie,

a species of well-shrimp discovered by him, along with two other new species, at

Ringwood, in the New Forest. They were afterwards found in several other places,

those before the Meeting being from Upper Clatford, near Andover. One of the

most remarkable facts connected with Niphargi was their occurrence in recently-sunk

wells; they have in move than one instance been drawn up in large numbers by pumps

not two years’s sunk. Their organization is of a very high character, but most of the

species, both in this country and on the Continent, are destitute of eyes. When in

captivity the movements of these Crustacea are exceedingly interesting, being grace-

ful and active, as well as peculiar; but there is great difficulty in keeping them alive

for any length of time, owing to their sensitiveness to temperature; a very cold

atmosphere at once deprives them of life. The limbs are also very fragile ; so that it

is difficult to transmit them with safety by post. The size of the largest species as yet

found in England, N. fontanus, reaches about half an inch. A description of the

British Niphargi and of their habits was made public in the ‘ Natural History Review

and Quarterly Journal of Science’ for 1859, in papers by C. Spence Bate, Esq., and

the Rev. A. R. Hogan; and a more complete account will be given in the British

Museum ‘ Catalogue of Crustacea, now in the press.

Mr. Hogan also exhibited a female specimen of Chirocephalus diaphanus, taken

at Shaftesbury, in Dorsetshire, last summer, furnishing a new locality for one of our

largest and most beautiful fresh-water Crustaceans.

Mr. Lubbock said he was very glad to see some exhibitions which were a little out

of the ordinary course. Both the animals now exhibited by Mr. Hogan appeared to

be very local. He had himself some time ago brought to a meeting of the Society

some blind shrimps from a well at Brighton, and some specimens of Chirocephalus

diaphanus from a pond in Kent, between Bromley and Sevenoaks. He believed that

the present was the most northern locality in which this beautiful and interesting

Crustacean had hitherto been found.

Mr. Lubbock then exhibited some specimens of Campodea Staphylinus, Westw.,

which he at first supposed to be Neuropterous larve. They were found under slices

of turnip which had been placed as a trap for Myriapods.

Mr. Lubbock also exhibited some specimens of Spherularia Bombi, a parasite of

the humble-bee, which was first discovered by M. Leon Dufour, and subsequently

observed by Siebold. Mr. Lubbock stated that he had himself found these parasites

in the females of every species of Bombus which he had examined. As the mature

form of this parasite only is known, he was very anxious to obtain some Bombi during

the winter, in order to determine, if possible, the process of development, and to

throw some light on the manner in which the young parasites effect an entrance into

their victims: he should therefore be much obliged to those entomologists who would

forward to him any hybernating Bombi which might be found while searching for

insects during the winter months.

Mr. Westwood exhibited a singularly pale variety of Alcis repandata, taken by Mr.

Daubeny, of Magdalen College, Oxford, the markings forming a link between the

typical insect and the variety named “ conversaria” by Hubner, the subapical strige

being very acutely undulated, and preceded by a large, nearly black patch.

Mr. Westwood observed that his attention had recently been drawn to a specimen

of Eristalis similis, Weig., presented to the Hopeian collection in Mr Well’s cabinet of

British insects, in which the head is entirely enveloped in the thin, semitransparent

14]

pellicle forming the true pupa-skin ; the upper part of the head being, moreover, sur-

mounted by the transverse Junate piece of the indurated head-covering of the larva,

through which the two horns of the so-called pupa bad been protruded. | This lunate

piece is represented by Reaumur (Mém. iv. pl. 33, fig. 6, d,d); and as, in looking at

the head from the front, the open space between the upper part of the pellicle and the

lunate piece is seen to be traversed by two internal prolongations of the horns, ex-

tending to the pellicle itself, it seemed not improbable that these two horns are the

antenna-cases.

Mr. Westwood further directed attention to the statement made by Mr. Curtis,

that the death’s-head moth, on emerging from the chrysalis, has its legs enveloped in

thin pellicles, subsequently cast off; and suggested whether this pellicle was not ana-

logous to the thin skin cast by the May flies after their first flight, and which appears

equally to be identical with the thin pellicle covering the bodies of the pup of coarc-

tate Diptera, such as that of the Eristalis mentioned above. Monsters of this kind

are of great rarity, a Noctua described by Miller (‘ Naturforscher, St. xiv. pl. 4, figs.

1—3), and a butterfly, Nymphalis Populi, figured by Wesmael (Bull. Acad. Bruxelles,

t. iv. No. 8), being the only recorded instances. A Dytiscus, however, in Mr. Bowring’s

collection, and an Emperor moth in Mr. Stephens’s cabinet in the British Museum,

also agree with the preceding, retaining, in the perfect state, the head-covering of the

larva.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited two species of Donacia which he had compared with

the Leptura aquatica and L. sericea of the Linnean collection. The latter is the

Donacia sericea of modern authors; the L. aquatica of Linneus differs in being a

rather shorter and stouter insect. In D. sericea the thorax is broadest in front, and

considerably contracted behind the middle: the anterior angles are as prominent as

the lateral hump or swelling which lies immediately behind them. In L. aquatica the

thorax is rather shorter, nearly quadrate, less contracted behind ; the anterior angles

are not so prominent as the lateral hump, and this hump is rather smaller; the surface

of the thorax is more rugulose, and the dorsal impression is more distinct. In

D. sericea the ‘third joint of the antenne is elongate-obconic, and decidedly longer

than the second ; whilst in L. aquatica the third joint of the antenne is short-obconic,

and very little exceeds the second in jength. In both sexes the antenne are longer in

D. sericea than in L. aquatica; the legs are also rather longer. In L. aquatica the

tooth to the hind femora is stouter, and the joints of the tarsi are shorter and broader.

Such are the differences which present themselves upon comparing the insect exhibited

to the Society, as being similar to the L. aquatica of the Linnean collection, with the

Donacia sericea. Mr. Waterhouse could not say whether these differences are all of

them constant. The specimen exhibited was taken at Rannoch, in Perthshire.

Mr. Waterhouse observed that since the last Meeting he had examined certain

Casside in the Linnean collection which might be referred to British species. They

were :—

1. Cassida viridis. This is not, as has by many been supposed, the C. equestris,

but is the species commonly found by us on thistles, having acute posterior angles to

the thorax, and punctate striz to the elytra. == C. rubiginosa of Bohemann.

2. C. nebulosa = C. nebulosa of Bohem.

3. C. Murrea = C. murrea of Bohem. The rufous-brown variety.

4, C. maculata = C. murrea of Bohem. The green variety.

5. C. nobilis = C. obsoleta of Bohem, Has the margins of the elytra reflexed,

142

the alternate interstices of the striz of the elytra slightly raised, and the region of the

scutelium depressed.

6. Cassida Vitex = C. nobilis of Bohem. The specimen is apparently discoloured ;

the whole dorsal surface of the elytra is darkish brown, if we except the second inter-

stice, which is pale, and which no doubt, in the living insect, was occupied by the

bright gveen stripe ; the dark colour occupying the first interstice and the 3rd and 4th

interstices of the striw, but stopping considerably short of the apex ; the remaining

upper parts are paler: the under parts are black, the sides of the abdomen rather nar-

rowly edged, and the apex very narrowly edged with pale. The thighs are black,

excepting at the apex, and the tibie and tarsi are piceo-testaceous (the anterior tibie

piceous), which is unusual. The expanded margins of the elytra are deflexed.

Mr. Waterhouse considered that this must have been the C. nobilis of the ‘ Fauna

Suecica,’ and does not really represent that described by Linneus under the same

name.

Mr. Rye exhibited a specimen of Choleva spadicea found in a fungus at Coombe

Wood.

Dr. Knaggs exhibited some eggs of a Lepidopterous insect from which small Hy-

menopterous parasites, apparently a species of Mymar, had emerged ; and some eggs

of Sesia bembeciformis found deposited on a sallow-leaf.

Mr. Stevens exhibited some small Staphylinide recently found in moss, including

Eveesthetus scaber, Acidota cruentatus, Stenus fuscicornis? and Syntomium eneum.

Mr. Waterhouse read a paper intituled “ Notes on the Species of Triplax of

Stephens’s ‘ Illustrations’ and Collection.”

January 7, 1861.

J. W. Douetas, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations.

The following donations were announced, and thanks ordered to be presented

to the donors: —‘ Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, Vol. iii. Part 4; presented by

the Entomological Society of the Netherlands. ‘ Abhandlungen de Mathemat-

Physikalischen Classe der Koeniglich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften,’

Vol. viii. Part 3. ‘ Denkrede auf Alexander von Humboldt ;’ ‘ Sitzungsberichte

der Kénigl. bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Minchen,’ 1860, Part 3; by

the Academy. ‘Kongliga Svenska Fregatten Eugenies Resa omkring Jorden In-

sekter, Parts 2 and 3; by the Académie Royale des Sciences de Stockholm. ‘ Papers

and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania,’ Vol. iii. Part 2; ‘ Report of the

Royal Society of Tasmania’ for 1858; by the Society. ‘ Proceedings of the Royal

Society, Vol. x. No. 41; by the Society. ‘ British Butterflies: Figures of every

Native Species, with an Account of Butterfly-development, Structure, Habits, Localities,

Mode of Captureand Preservation, &c.,’ by W. S. Coleman ; by the Publishers, Messrs.

Routledge, Warne and Routledge. * Monograph of Halticide in the Collection of the

143

British Museum,’ by the Rev. Hamlet Clark, M.A., F.L.8., Physapodes and CE&di-

podes, Part 1; by the Author. ‘ Exotic Butterflies, Part 37 ; by W. W. Saunders,

Esq. ‘The Zoologist’ for January; by the Editor. ‘The Journal of the Society of

Arts’ for December ; by the Society. ‘The Atheneum’ for December; by the Editor.

* Catalogue of British Coleoptera, by G. R. Waterhouse, Esq., F.Z.S., &c., Sheets m

and N, two copies; by the Author. ‘The Entomologist’s Annual’ for 1861; ‘The

Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer, Nos. 218 to 222 inelusive ; by H. T. Stainton,

Esq.

R Election of a Member, &c.

Francis A. Jesse, Esq., of Lanbedr Hall, Derbyshire, was elected a Member; and

W.F. Kirby, Esq., of 25, Albert Street, Mornington Crescent, and H. W. Bates, Esq.,

of King Street, Leicester, were elected Subscribers to the Society.

Exhibitions,

Mr. S. Stevens exhibited some splendid Papilios and other Lepidoptera sent from

Ceram by Mr. Wallace.

Mr, Shepherd exhibited a fine dark variety of Hemerophila abruptaria, taken near

London.

Mr. Bond exhibited some fine varieties of Dictyopteryx uliginosana and Gelechia

snbdecurtella from the Cambridgeshire fens ; also a fine series of Gracillaria stigma-

tella, one example being nearly pure white.

Mr. M‘Lachlan exhibited an example of Setodes interrupta of Fabricius (non

Stephens), taken near Taunton by Mr, Parfitt, in 1859; and remarked that this phry-

ganidous insect may be considered as new to Britain, for although Fabricius, in 1792,

indicated it as occurring in England, no one appears to have rediscovered it until now.

The Rey. H. A. Pickard exhibited a specimen of Gonepteryx Rhamni, var.

Cleopatra, taken by John Fellerton, Esq., at Thyrbergh Park, near Rotherham, on the

27th of June, 1860, being the first recorded British example of this beautiful variety.

Mr. Scott exhibited some specimens of Mycetophagus 4-guttatus, Muller. The

species had been lately found in decaying pea-haulm, by Mr. Douglas and himself.

In all about tifty specimens had been secured.

Dr. Knaggs exhibited some eggs of Geometride from which hymenopterous para-

sites had emerged.

Mr. Westwood pronounced these parasites to be Platygaster Ovulorum.

Mr. Gorham exhibited examples of Micropeplus staphylinoides, Marsham, and M.

Margarite, Duval, and made the following remarks :—“T believe under the specific

name of staphylinoides two species of Micropeplus have been generally mixed in Bri-

lish collections; they are the true M. staphylinoides of Marsham, and M. Margarita of

Duval. I have therefore attempted to point out the characters by which these species

may be separated. In M. staphylinoides the elytra are scarcely a third louger than

the thorax ; their sides are parallel, and the fourth segment of the abdomen is armed

with an acute prominent crest: in M, Margarite the elytra are longer, being nearly

half as long again as the thorax, their sides rounded, and the disk more convex than

in M. stapbylinoides ; the fourth segment of the abdomen with a small and not con-

spicuous tubercle. 1 also beg to call attention to the sexual characters which M.

Duval has pointed out, but which appear to have escaped the notice of former authors,

viz., the existence of a tooth on the tibie of the male. In M. staphylinoides the head

of the male is produced into a tooth in front; that of the female is rounded: in M.

Margarite the head of the male is more acutely toothed ; that of the female rounded,

144

Tn this respect they may both be separated from the nearly-allied species, M. longi-

pennis, Araatz (M. staphylinoides, Atz., olim, nec Marsh.), which has the head

rounded in front in both sexes.”

Mr. Ellerton exhibited some pupa-cases of Cerura vinula, showing the thin mem-

branous lining alluded to at the last Meeting of the Society.

Mr. Westwoud remarked that these delicate white pellicles, seen attached to the

inner surface of the cast skins of lepidopterous pupe, were probably identical with the

skin said by Mr. Curtis to be cast by the death’s-head moth after assuming the perfect

state. A more careful examination of these pellicles was, however, necessary, as the

question really was whether the Lepidoptera on emerging from the pupa cast one or

two envelopes,—whether, like the Ephemere, they were enveloped in two distinct

skins, as indeed the statement of Mr. Curtis implied, thus partially resembling the

coarctate Diptera, in which, however, the outer skin of the pupa is only the hardened

ultimate skin of the larva ; or whether the limbs of Lepidoptera are not respectively

enclosed in a single sheath, the outer surface of which becomes hardened by a glu-

tinous secretion, by which the whole are fastened together into a solid mass.

Mr. Fereday exhibited a living larva, apparently of Triphena pronuba, which had

been found, a short time previously, lying on the snow with which the ground was

then covered, and frozen quite hard, but on being removed tu a warm room quickly

became active.

Mr. Waterhouse exhibited a new British species of Sevdmenus, and a series of the

British Euplecti, and read some notes on their differential characters.

Mr. Scott exhibited a new species of Coleophora, and read a description of it, pro-

posing for it the specific name of Wilkinsoni, the insect having first been discovered

by Mr. T. Wilkinson, at Scarborough.

Mr. M‘Lachlan observed that he had found the larva-cases of this species at

Dulwich Wood.

How to cure Grease in Insects.

Dr. Wallace read the following paper :—

“The Rev. Joseph Greene has given us (Zool. 6692) his method of curing grease

in insects. Other entomologists extract the interior of greasy bodies, with very fine

scissors, at a subsequent period after setting, whenever signs of grease are evident. I

propose another method, more economical of time, equally certain in action.

“Small greasy insects—as Tineide, Tortricidae, Crambide, small Geometre, Py-

ralide and Bombycide—lI soak entire in benzole. Of all large insects which may

even be suspected of grease, having disarticulated the bodies from the thorax, and

labelled according to the plan suggested by Mr. Greene—either of a year's capture or

of many years’ collecting—I expose such (bodies) to the heat of the fire, on a cork

placed at about six inches distance ; and if the grease has previously run into the

thorax and spread over the wings, such parts must be further soaked in the manner

above recommended for the smaller insects. By exposure on a cork to the fire, the

grease, being liquefied and permeating the body, shows itself on the exterior, causing

softening and a dark discoloration ; if no such action takes place there is no amount

of grease in the interior of the body, and no need to slit open the body as hereafter

described. Simple soaking for a few days in benzole will remove the small portion of

grease which may be deposited on the exterior of the insect.

“ When discoloration and softening ensue, I slit open the body on the under sur-

face and soak in benzole for twenty-four hours; thev, taking say a hundred or more

’

145

bodies, I boil them as rapidly as possible in about an ounce or more of benzole (adding

a little from time to time) in a water bath, which may be easily composed of a sauce-

pan containing water, in which is placed the covered jar containing the benzole and

the bodies. In this process that portion of benzole which had previously soaked into

the interior of the slit body, having been brought into close relation with the grease so

as to dissolve it, is very readily volatilised ; bubbles of gas are seen to effervesce rapidly

from the body, currents of boiling benzole rush into and out of the slit body, and the

grease is literally washed out. This may be best observed by boiling a single body

with a drachm of benzole in a test-tube over a spirit lamp: but if the body be soaked,

and not boiled, the benzole in the interior of the slit body dissolves the fat ; but, while

drying, it percolates slowly through the substance of the body, and deposits again in

the interior nearly the whole of the grease previously dissolved, that portion only being

got rid of which, being on the exterior layers, is in immediate relation with a sur-

rounding stratum of benzole. The quicker the boiling, the more readily is the grease

washed out, but the greater the volatilisation of benzole.

“The bodies are now removed from the hot liquid, washed with fresh benzole,

dried on blotting paper, and if exposed again to the action of heat will show no signs

of grease. It will be found necessary to test a single body from time to time,

the period necessary to extract all the grease varying according to the rapidity of

boiling, the strength and purity of the benzole, aud the amount of grease in the

bodies. The bodies are finally attached each to its corresponding thorax with Canada

balsam, liquid glue or gum.

“‘T think I may safely state that insects thus treated will never grease again.

‘“‘ This process may be performed in the winter months, when all greasy insects can

be cleaned together. It is economical in time and labour, and thorough in its action :

it interferes very little with the beauty of the insect.

“‘ That the body is the sole seat of grease is shown by taking a fresh-dried speci-

men of an insect liable to grease, as Nonagria Typhx. Disarticulating the body,

expose both it and the thorax and wings to the same amount of heat; the body will

quickly discolour; the rest of the insect will remain unchanged. Bodies, therefore,

should be always heated, while the head, thorax and wings are as yet free from signs

of grease. If any doubt occurs as to the question of grease in an insect, its presence

is readily tested by the exhibition of the body on a cork placed about six inches dis-

tant from the fire. Only very greasy bodies need be boiled; simple soaking will suffice

for slight cases. When bodies are very small the passage of a pin breaks them unless

soft with grease; I therefore prefer to soak the whole insect as above described.”

Dr. Wallace subsequently boiled sume greasy bodies of Nonagria Typhe in ben-

zole contained in a test-tube over a spirit-lamp, and exposed the bodies thus boiled,

and others which had not been subjected to the process, to the heat of the fire: the

former were unaffected by it, but the latter were rapidly discoloured and became soft.

Mr. Westwood communicated some notes on the time of appearance, in the per-

fect state, of Acherontia Atropos, furnished by Mr. W. Groves.

Mr. M‘Lachlan read a paper intituled “ Notes on the Genera Mystacides and

Setodes, in the second part of Kolenati’s ‘ Genera et Species Trichopterorum,’ with

reference to the Species described in the works of Messrs. Curtis and Stephens.”

146

Anniversary Meeting, January 28, 1861.

J. W. Doveras, Esq., President, in the chair.

Messrs.’ J. W. Dunning, H. G. Knaggs, R. M‘Lachlan and G. R. Waterhouse,

were elected members of the Council, in the room of Messrs. J. E. Gray, F. Grut,

E. Sheppard, and S. J. Wilkinson.

J. W. Douglas, Esq., was re-elected President; S. Stevens, Esq., Treasurer ; and

Messrs. E. Shepherd and E. W. Janson, Secretaries.

The Report of the Library and Cabinet Committee, made to and adopted by the

Council as their Report to the Society, was read and received.

The President delivered an Address on the state and future prospects of the

Society and entomological Science, for which the Meeting passed a cordial vote of

thanks, and ordered it to be printed in the Society’s ‘ Proceedings.’

A vote of thanks to the retiring Members of the Council was also passed.

Report of the Library and Cabinet Committee, adopted by the Council as their

Report to the Anniversary Meeting, 1861.

We have the satisfaction of stating that our Collections and Library continue in

good preservation.

In our Report last year we alluded to the very unsatisfactory condition of our

Collections of British Coleoptera and other orders, and appealed to our Members to

assist in rearranging them in accordance with the modern classifications and nomen-

clatures: as no response has yet been made to that appeal, we would suggest the

propriety of employing some person, if such can be found, able and willing to under-

take the task, feeling confident that were the collections properly arranged they would

speedily be greatly enriched by donations of specimens from those Members who are

engaged in the study of the various groups and orders, and facilitate the study of

British Entomology generally.

We would therefore suggest that the sum of ten pounds be expended in repapering

the drawers and rearranging the Collection of Coleoptera, and that the specimens

presented to the Society by the Rev. W. Kirby be arranged separately, as was done

in the case of the Lepidoptera.

J.W. DOUGLAS, President.

W. WILSON SAUNDERS.

F. P. PASCOE.

FREDERICK SMITH.

EDWIN SHEPHERD.

147

THE PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS.

GENTLEMEN,

Our By-Laws provide that at the Anniversary Meeting the

Society ‘‘shall receive from the Council, and hear read, the Annual

Report on the general concerns of the Society.” But our constitu-

tion says nothing about an Address to be delivered by the President,

and therefore the President for the time being would not fail in his

prescribed duties if he did not say a word at the Anniversary

Meeting about the affairs of the Society or the progress of Ento-

mology. Yet it has apparently been deemed necessary that the

President should make some such statement, and the way in which

in different years this has been done is very various. Some addresses

have been extemporary, some have been very short, and others very

elaborate: what I now purpose to say will not come under either of

these heads, and if the few observations I have to make serve no

other purpose they will at least fill up the time that must necessarily

elapse while the ballots remain open.

Finance.

First, then, I take our finance, for finance is at the root of all

material prosperity. Our Treasurer’s account shows the receipts of

last year (including the balance in hand) to have been £288 12s. 834d.,

and the payments £183 8s. 6d., leaving a balance of £105 4s. 23d.;

add to this “Arrears of subscription due £9 9s.,” the balance

becomes £114 13s. 23d., from which must be deducted “ Amounts

due at Chrismas, £48 17s. 3d.,” making the true balance in favour

of the Society £65 15s. 113d. Contrasted with the balance of last

year, £49 13s. 2d., this appears favourable, but it must be recollected

that we have brought out but three, instead of four, parts of ‘ Trans-

actions’ during the year. ‘The actual income of the Society for the

year was £158 5s. 63d., and the expenditure £165 4s. 3d.; so that,

though we have not gone much beyond our revenue, yet an increased

income, such as I believe we might easily attain by the method I

148

shall presently point out, would be entirely devoted to the publication

of papers in the ‘ Transactions.’

There is one item in our balance-sheet to which I feel bound to

draw particular attention. The cost of “Tea” amounts to £138 13s.,

and the receipts on account thereof to only £5. This item of

“Tea” has always been a vexed question amongst us: many times

has it been brought under the consideration of the Council and the

Society, always with the result that it was not desirable to discontinue

to provide it, and that to defray its cost a special subscription should

be relied upon. Year by year this subscription becomes less, and

the names of the subscribers fewer, and it seems to me that as the

amount has at last become so small, and there is really no authority

to pay for tea out of the income of the Society, that if the Members

generally do not think fit to subscribe a fund to cover the expense,

it would be better to determine that tea shall no longer be provided.

A small contribution from each of the Members attending the

meetings would be sufficient to defray the cost and keep us on a level

with other Societies, but if the subscription this year does not make

up the required sum, it will be the duty of the Council to see that

the Society’s funds are no longer burdened with an outlay for which

they are not intended, and of which Members not resident in or near

London may fairly complain.

Election of Members.

During the past year we have elected two Honorary Members,

viz. Dr. Schaum, of Berlin, and M. Léon Dufour, of Saint Sever,

France. We have also elected five Members, viz. M. Bigot,

M. Bonvouloir, M. Candéze, M. Deyrolle, F. A. Jesse, Esq., and

seven Subscribers, viz. H. W. Bates, Esq., A. E. Crafter, Esq:,

J. Ellerton, Esq., W. Kirby, Esq., C. Miller, Esq., G. Seaton, Esq.,

J. C. Young, Esq. On the other hand, we have lost by resignation

three Members, viz. Dr. Adams, H. Ansell, Esq., and C. P. Melly,

Ksq., and two Subscribers, viz.. H. W. Brown, Esq., and J. Sang,

Esq.

Obituary.

Death has not thinned our ranks during the last year, but he has

called away one of our oldest entomologists, who had outlived his

generation and still lingered amongst us. Bracy Clark died on the

16th of December, in his ninetieth year, and, although not a Member

of this Society, yet as a veteran of the Linnean school and the father

149

of the Linnean Society, his departure calls for a record of our

respect. Mr. Clark published several papers in the ‘ Linnean Trans-

actions’ on the genus Cistrus, the first of which is dated 1797, and

he also contributed papers on the same subject to the ‘ Zoologist.’

His only separate work was an ‘ Essay on the Bots of Horses and

other Animals,’ 1815.

Library and Collection.

During the past year our library has received accessions of many

valuable works, and although still wanting in several books I should

like to see on its shelves, we yet possess a very good collection of

entomological literature. As you have already learned, by the Report

of the Council read to-night, the Council have determined to put the

Society’s Collection of British Insects into good working order,

beginning with the Coleoptera; and as it is very desirable not only

to make the collection as complete as possible, but to have fresh

specimens, I appeal to the Members who collect Coleoptera to supply

our cabinets from their duplicate stores with recent examples of even

the common species. I am persuaded they could in no better manner

make use of the specimens which at present encumber their boxes,

‘both with reierence to the benefit that would thereby be conferred

upon young students, and upon the Society as an association whose

aim is to advance and diffuse entomological Science.

Monthly Meetings.

The interest attending our monthly meetings does not abate; on

every occasion we have exhibitions of new or rare insects, and

remarks or discussions thereupon, or upon some subject brought

before us. ‘T'o these I need not more particularly allude, as they

are of such recent date, and are duly reported in our ‘ Proceedings,’

and if every one will do his best to bring matter before this Society

the interest of our meetings will continue. Several valuable scientific

papers have also been read before us, to which, as they have been or

will be published in our ‘ Transactions,’ and I shall mention most of

them hereafter, I do not now do more than refer to, except to say

that thev show that the attention of English entomologists is being

turned to other orders than Lepidoptera and Coleoptera,—a cheering

indication of the progress of Entomology amongst us.

150

New Apartments.

At the last Anniversary Meeting the Chairman dwelt upon the

inadequate size of our meeting-room, and, the pressure on our space

having continued, the Council have determined to remove us to

larger premises in a central situation, so that within six months from

this date I hope to take the chair in a meeting-room where we may

breathe freely; and I trust that the expense to which the Society

will be put by the removal will be repaid by the addition of many

new Members. To advertise “ crowded houses” may be a successful

attraction for a theatre to use, but, for our more sober recreation, we

are about to try the announcement of “room to spare,” and surely

with this inducement to attend our meetings, a central locality, an

excellent library, an improving collection of insects, and the free

distribution of our ‘ Transactions’ to every Member, we ought to add

largely to our numbers. I hope therefore that every one of us will

make known these advantages as widely as possible, and if each

individual would, as I think he might, induce but one new Member

to join us, the advantages to the Society and to Science would be

very great.

‘ British Museum Collections.

Dr. Gray has kindly furnished me with the following particulars

respecting the collections in the British Museum :—

“The total number of specimens of Annulosa added during the

year 1860 has been 15,101, of which 720 are British: 11,466 were

purchased and 3635 presented. The principal donors to whom we

are indebted for specimens of British insects are F. Bond, Esq.,

Henry Cooke, Esq., R. M‘Lachlan, Esq., B. Piffard, Esq., Dr. Knaggs,

Dr. Power, Roland Trimen, Esq.”

In the note conveying the above particulars Mr. F. Smith adds

the following remarks :—

“The desirability of a complete collection of British insects being

accessible in the British Museum, I think will be obvious to all, and

I think it not unlikely that British entomologists will shortly unite

for the purpose of forming one. I have heard of such a scheme being

on foot amongst our principal Coleopterists, and I would call atten-

tion to this in order to stimulate Lepidopterists into a similar under-

taking. I hope by this time next year to have to report that

151 :

our collection of British Coleoptera is the most complete in the

country.”

I cordially endorse this statement; I do not think the plan pro-

pounded will at all clash with my appeal for insects for this Society’s

collection, and I believe not only will there be material forthcoming

for both collections, but that the two may each have its sphere of

usefulness. For, as the Museum closes at four o’clock in winter and

at six in summer, only those persons who can go there in the day-

time can avail themselves of its advantages, whereas our collections

are accessible until seven o’clock every Monday throughout the year,

and thus those of our Members who are engaged in business during

the day, and I think they are the majority, have here opportunities

of examining and comparing insects which the Museum cannot

afford, the types, moreover, being their own property; therefore I

wish both plans success.

The Hopeian Collection, &c., at Oxford.

The Hopeian Collection of Insects, presented eleven years ago to

the University of Oxford, is rich in exotic species, especially from

India, New Holland and Africa, and containing extensive series of

types described by their several authors,—e. g. Cetoniade and Bu-

prestide, by Gory; Curculionide, by Schénherr; Orthoptera (Mar-

chal’s entire collection), by Serville ; Ichneumonide, by Gravenhorst ;

Chalcididee, Proctotrupide and Aphide, by Walker and Foerster;

Diptera, by Macquart ; &c., &c.,—has almost annually received large

accessions from Mr. Hope himself, and in 1857 the entire collection

of insects, books and drawings formed by Mr. Westwood were added,

when the whole were placed under the charge of that gentleman.

Since that time also continual additions have been made, including

the whole of Mr. Wollaston’s second and enlarged cabinet of Madeiran

insects, the whole of Mr. Wells’ English and foreign collection, a

considerable portion of the Kirbyan Collection, and selections from

those sent home by Bates, Wallace, Stevens (Bogota), Squire, Guein-

zius, Dupuiset, &c., &c.: many contributions of smaller extent have

been received from the Museums of Amsterdam, Leyden and Berlin,

and from many entomologists, including Messrs. Baly, Sheppard,

Pascoe, Parry, W. W. Saunders, Bree, &c. The collection is also

rich in specimens illustrating the natural history of insects and in

specimens preserved in spirits.

. 152

Hitherto the collections of insects and books have been kept in

four spare rooms in the Taylor Institution, waiting the completion

of the rooms assigned to them in the New Museum. ‘hese are now

being fitted with proper tables, cases, cabinets, book-shelves, &c.,

and it is expected that the collection will be removed in the course

of the following summer. The collection is open daily both to

members of the University and the public, and is tending, in con-

junction with the Entomological Society of Oxford, to awaken and

diffuse a love for the Science, especially among the junior members

of the University. This Society meets on the first Tuesday in every

month during the four academic terms, and the meetings are generally

rendered interesting by the distribution of duplicates, exhibition of

captures, and notes and observations by the members. Excursions

are also made during the spring and summer terms.

British Entomological Works published in 1860.

Our ‘ Transactions,’ published during the past year, contain the

following papers :—

“Characters of Undescribed Neuroptera in the Collection of

W. W. Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., &c.,” by Francis Walker, Esq.

“Notes on the British Species of Cisside,”’ by G. R. Water-

house, Esq.

“Notes on the Economy of the Ichneumons constituting the

Genus Pezomachus of Gravenhorst, and Observations on Pezoma-

chus fasciatus,” by Frederick Smith, Esq.; with a Description of a

New Species of Hemiteles, by Thomas Desvignes, Esq.

“Notes on the British Species of Donacia,’ by G. R. Water-

house, Esq.

“Note on the Habits of Scolytide and Bostrichide,” by Alfred

R. Wallace, Esq.

“Descriptions of South-African Tineina collected by R. Trimen,

Esq., in 1858—9,” by H. T. Stainton, Esq.

“Contributions to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley,” by

H. W. Bates, Esq.

“Notes on the Geographical Distribution of the British Butter-

flies,” by H. T. Stainton, Esq.

“Descriptions of some new Species of Sagra; Remarks on that

Genus; and the Characters of Cheiloxena, a new Genus belonging

to the same Family,” by J. S. Baly, Esq.

153

“On the Genus Erateina, Doubleday, with Descriptions of some

new Species,” by W. Wilson Saunders, Esq.

“Characters of Undescribed Diptera in the Collection of W. W.

Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., &c.,” by Francis Walker, Esq.

The Trustees of the British Museum have published the following

Catalogues :—

‘Lepidoptera Heterocera,’ two Parts, by Francis Walker, Esq.

* Catalogue of the Halticide,’ with ten plates of figures and details,

by the Rev. Hamlet Clark, M.A.

‘The Lepidopterist’s Calendar,’ by Joseph Merrin. This work

relates only to the British species of Lepidoptera, and may in cer-

tain cases be of service to collectors; but it will also help to puzzle

them.

‘The Lepidopterist’s Indicator: an Alphabetically-arranged Guide

to the Species of the British Lepidoptera,’ by B. Bradney Bockett,

M.A., Oxon, Vicar of Epsom, Surrey. To those who adopt the

slovenly method of calling an insect by its specific name only, this

work may be of use by enabling them to know its genus, if they

value such information, which I doubt; and it will also serve the

better purpose of referring them to a description or a figure. It

proceeds, however, upon the faulty principle of giving as the accepted

specific name of an insect, one under which it has not been described;

for instance, Gelechia affinis is called affinella,—a name not found

anywhere but in catalogues, and of no authority whatever.

‘British Butterflies: Figures and Descriptions of every Native

Species, with an Account of Butterfly-development, Structure, Ha-

bits, Localities, Mode of Capture and Preservation, &c.,’ by W. S.

Coleman. Essentially different from the work next noticed, as the

author has relied upon the coloured figures, rather than the descrip-

tions of the insects, to make his book popular. No doubt he has

succeeded, but this is only the way to make collectors and not scien-

tific students. However, there is much to be said for “ mere col-

lectors ;’ and so I do not find fault with a book which has no higher

aim than to induce a love of beautiful creations merely for their

beauty. As a nation we are far in arrear of other nations in our

capacity of appreciating beauty, and anything that has a tendency to

cultivate the csthetical faculty should be welcomed.

154

‘A Natural History of all the British Butterflies, by Edward

Newman, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &e. (being the Butterfly Number of ‘ Young

England’). This contains very careful descriptions, in untechnical

terms, of the British butterflies, with a figure of each species beauti-

fully drawn on wood; and the price being only sixpence, the sale

has been very great. The work is so well known and appreciated

that to say anything in its praise is superfluous.

‘A Catalogue of the Lepidopterous Insects in the Museum of Na-

tural History at the East India House,’ by Thomas Horsfield,

M. & Ph. D., F.R.S., and Frederick Moore, Vol. ii.

‘The Honey-Bee: its Natural History, Habits, Anatomy and Mi-

croscopical Beauties,’ by James Samuelson.

‘The Natural History of the Tineina,’ by H. T. Stainton, assisted

by Professor Zeller, J. W. Douglas and Professor Frey, Vol. v., con-

taining Coleophora, Part 2, witheight coloured plates.

‘The Journal of Entomology, Descriptive and Geographical.’ Of

this new publication two parts have appeared, containing the fol-

lowing articles and eight plates :—

“On the Halticidee of the Canary Islands,” by T. V. Wollaston,

isq., M.A., F.L.S.

“ Remarks on the Pollinosity of the Genera Lixus and Larinus,”

by M. Henri Jekel, Member of the Entomological Soc. of France, &e.

“* Characters of Undescribed Species of the Genus Leucopsis,” by

F. Walker, Esq., F'.L.S.

“ Description of new Genera and Species of Eumolpide,” by J. S.

Baly, Esq.

“Notices of new or little-known Genera and Species of Co-

leoptera,”’ by Francis P. Pascoe, Esq., F.L.8.

“Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Exotic Hyme-

noptera,” by Frederick Smith, Esq.

“On the Coleoptera of the Salvages,’ by T. Vernon Wollaston,

Eisq., M.A., F.L.8.

“ Descriptions of Six new Species of Chrysomela from the East,”

by J. 8S. Baly, Esq.

The names of the authors are a sufficient guarantee of the excel-

lence of these papers; I can only regret that the writers have thought

proper to coutribute them to a new work in no respect differing from

155

our ‘ Transactions,’ which languish for want of the very support here

so freely bestowed. I might quote many letters that I have received

upon this subject to show that this is not my own individual opinion;

I content myself with an extract from one which conveys the meaning

of all the others. My correspondent writes :—‘‘ Cannot you get more

papers for the Society ? Can you tell me why the ‘ Journal of Ento-

mology’ was started, and by whom? I see a second No. is an-

nounced ; I had hoped the first would have been the last. It is too

bad that the writers should starve the Society’s ‘ Transactions,’

unless they have some very cogent reasons.” The only advantage

that I can conceive the authors have is that the papers are published

somewhat sooner than they would be in our ‘ Transactions,’ but this

could be remedied if we had the matter to publish, for want of matter

has sometimes delayed our Parts ; and even on the score of expense

to the Society, if that were urged as an objection, if the authors con-

tributed something to the Society to insure the rapid publication of

their papers, the cost to them, or to the promoters of the ‘ Journal,’

as the case may be, would be much less than that of bringing out a

separate publication. Indeed, I think that with the exceedingly

numerous entomological publications at present in existence, he who

adds another one, without any feature to distinguish it from others,

needlessly increases labour and expense to his entomological

brethren. Therefore I think the publication of the ‘Journal’ a mis-

take ; and as the promoters are all members of, and I believe well-

wishers to this Society, and, besides, friends of my own, I make

these remarks, embodying a very general opinion, with the best

feeling, and in the hope that they will be received as they are

meant,

‘A List of the British Euplexoptera, Orthoptera, Thysanoptera

and Hemiptera,’ by Francis Walker. For the publication of this

List we are indebted to the kindness of W. Wilson Saunders, Esq. ;

and I sincerely hope it may have the effect intended by that gentle-

man, of directing the attention of British entomologists to the now

neglected orders of insects which it includes.

The Ray Society has just issued to its Subscribers of last year :—

‘A History of the Spiders of Great Britain and Ireland,’ Part 1,

by John Blackwall, Esq., F.L.S. (twelve plates, folio). This elabo-

rate work gives ample descriptions and coloured figures of 110 spe-

cies of spiders, and descriptions only of several more ; and while it

156

will add to the well-deserved fame of the author, who has devoted

many years to his subject, it must do much to advance the study of

‘Arachnology amongst us.

‘Farm Insects; being the Natural History and Kconomy of the

Insects Injurious to the Field Crops of Great Britain and Iveland,

and also those which infest Barns and Granaries, with Suggestions

for their Destruction, by John Curtis, F.L.S. This is a collection

‘of the articles which the author had from time to time published in

the ‘Journal of the Agricultural Society’ and the ‘ Gardener's

‘Chronicle,’ and are therefore well known to us all. — ;

‘The Entomologist’s Annual’ for 1861, with a coloured plate, con-

tains the following articles :—

Neuroptera.—“ Synopsis of the British Phryganide,”’ by Dr.

Hagen. “ Synopsis of the British Psocide,” by Dr. Hagen. ‘‘ Some

Suggestions for the Successful Pursuit of the Study of the Phryga-

nide, with a Description of a new British Species,’ by Robert

M’ Lachlan.

Hymenoptera, by Frederick Smith.—“ Observations on the Effects

_of the late Unfavourable Season on Hymenopterous Insects ;” ‘*‘ Notes

on the Economy of Certain Species, on the Capture of Others of

Extreme Rarity, and on Species new to the British Fauna.”

Hemiptera, by the Editor.—‘“A List of British Hemiptera.”

Coleoptera, by E. W. Janson.—‘‘ New British Species Noticed in

1860.”

Lepidoptera.—‘ New British Species in 1860,” by the Editor.

“ Rare British Species Captured in 1860.” “ Observations on British

Tineina.” ‘ Answers to Enigmas.” ‘“ Enigmas still Unanswered.”

“New Enigmas for Solution.” ‘“ Natural History of the Tineina.”

“ Index to the New Lepidoptera in Former Volumes of the ‘Annual.’ ”

“Notes on EKupithecia Larve,” by the Rev. H. Harpur Crewe, M.A.

“New Works on Entomology.”

The ‘ Zoologist’ contains, as usual, a large amount of interesting

entomological matter, chiefly consisting of notices of the capture of

new or rare insects, and observations on the habits of various species.

I may particularly enumerate the following articles. ‘On the

Functions of the Antenne of Insects,” by Dr. Clemens, in which the

author, after making experiments by amputating the antenne of Lepi-

doptera, says, ‘The structure of the organs, together with these

157

experiments, entirely justify the inference that the antenne, instead

of being the organs of any special sense, as they are usually regarded,

are, in Lepidoptera, instruments of atmospheric palpation, having

especial reference to the action and use of the wings in flight. This

conclusion has been reached contrary to my own preconceived

notions of the functions of those instruments ; and I believe the view

here taken is entirely new. Should the experiments be repeated by

any observer, he should be careful to select for experimental study

those Lepidopterous insects that are unprovided with simple eyes or

ocelli on the vertex at the base of the antenne. In those species

with ocelli on the vertex the flight is deranged scarcely at all, as

eompared with the effect of antennal excision on individuals unprovided

with these organs.” This last statement of Dr. Clemens seems to

me scarcely to corroborate the theory propounded, for power of

directing the flight would seem to be due not so much to the presence

of antenne as to the possession of ocelli, since, if the latter be present,

the deprivation of the former does not appear to be of much conse-

quence. The subject clearly requires elucidation, and I hope to hear

of further and more conclusive experiments. “ Facts Connected

with the History of a Wasp’s Nest; with Observations upon the

Parasite Ripiphorus paradoxus,” by S. Stone, Esq., F.S.A., &e. “A

List of Micro-Lepidoptera of which the Transformations are Un-

known,” by Charles Miller ; a very praiseworthy paper by a promising

young entomologist. ‘‘ Notes on the British Trichopterygide, with

Descriptions of some New Species,” by the Rev. A. Matthews, M.A.

“On the Musical Powers of the British Species of the Genus Acalles,”

by F. Smith, Esq. “ Occurrence of Bagéus nodulosus of Schénherr

in Hammersmith Marshes,” by E. C. Rye, Esq. The author of this

note, by some inadvertence in pointing out the differential characters

of this insect, has said that B. binodulus has “ on each elytron” four

knobs and B. nodulosus only two, whereas it should have been “ on

the elytra,” and not “on each elytron ;” yet this slip—evident enough

to those interested in the subject—has been elaborately criticised in

the ‘ Entomologist’s Annual.’ “Note on the Rate of Speed of a

Butterfly,” by C. Horne, Esq., showing how steam may be beaten by

sails, for the clipper insect “‘ Painted Lady” outstripped in speed the

steamer ‘‘ Pera,” when going ten and a half knots per hour. The

‘ Zoologist’ also contains a great number of descriptions of Lepidop-

terous larvee, very carefully made by the editor ; but buried as they

are in the midst of other matter, and without much arrangement,

their value for reference is greatly detracted from. Hereafter, if the

158

series attain anything like completeness, it may be worth the author’s

trouble if he will reprint these descriptions in methodical order and

a separate form.

‘The Entomologist’s Weekly Intelligencer,’ vol. viii. This volume,

like its predecessors, contains many valuable notices of captures and

observations on the economy of insects. But there is also other

matter which I confess I should like to have seen, or rather known

to have been, shut out by better material. No doubt in a periodical

which, like this, must appear at short-stated intervals, many indifferent

things are inserted, because the space must be filled; yet it does

appear strange to me, that with such a publication specially at their

service, English entomologists do not crowd its pages with their ob-

servations. Possibly some little alteration in the plan of the paper

would be requisite to accomplish this, and I submit this hint for the

consideration of the editor; but it is too bad of us not to support

better than we do such a disinterested effort on behalf of Entomology

as this paper manifestly is.

‘Annals and Magazine of Natural History,’ 3rd series, vols. v. and

vi. :—

“On some new Anthribide,” by Francis Pascoe, F.L.S., &c., with

two plates. (Continued from vol. iy. p. 439).

“On some new Longicornia from the Moluccas,” by Francis P.

Pascoe, F.L.S., &c.

“ On the Aphanarthra of the Canary Islands,” by T. Vernon Wol-

laston, M.A., F.L.S.

“ Descriptions of Two British Spiders new to Science,” by the Rey.

O. P.-Cambridge, B.A.

“ On Additions to the Madeiran Coleoptera,” by T. Vernon Wol-

laston, M.A., F.L.S.

“On the Generative Organs of the Scarabeidous Beetles,” by

C. Roussel. (Translated from the ‘Comptes Rendus’ of January 16,

1860, p. 158.)

“‘ Characters of some apparently Undescribed Ceylon Insects,” by

F. Walker, F.L.S. (Hymenoptera. Continued from vol. iv. p. 376.)

“On the Seminal Fluid and Fecundation in the Arachnida,”

by Emile Blanchard. (Translated from the ‘Comptes Rendus’

of April 9, 1860, p. 727).

“On Certain Musical Curculionide, with Descriptions of Two

new Plinthi,” by T. Vernon Wollaston, M.A., F.L.S.

159

“ On the Occurrence of Spiders and their Webs in Coal-pits,” by

R. H. Meade, F.R.C.S.

“Note on some Parasites of Julus terrestris,” by M. d’Udekem.

(Translated from Bull. de l’Acad. Roy. de Belgique, 2me série, viii.

No. 8).

“Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Tenthredinide in

the Collection of the British Museum,” by Frederick Smith.

“ Descriptions of T'wo Coleopterous Insects from Cambogia,” by

the Barao do Castello de Paiva, Professor of Botany in the Academia

Polytechnica of Oporto, &e.

“The Cutting Ant of Texas (Hcodoma Mexicana, Sm.),” by S.

Buckley. (From the Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences of Philadelphia,

1860, p. 233).

“On an Undescribed Crustacean of the Genus Myris,” by the

Rey. Alfred Merle Norman, M.A. (with a plate).

Foreign Entomological Works and Papers Published in 1860.

‘Linnea Entomologica,’ xiv. Band. Berlin, contains :—

“ Berichtigtes Verzeichniss der bis jetzt bekannt gewordenen

Asiatischen Cryptocephalen,” von Schulrath Dr. E. Suftfrian.

* Monographie der Termiten,” von Dr. H. Hagen.

“Die Arten der Gattung Lissomus, Dalm.,” von Dr. A. Gerstiicker.

“ Das Elachisteden—Geschlecht Laverna,’ von Professor H. Frey.

“ Beitrage zu einer monographischen Bearbeitung der Familie

der Emesina,” von Anton Dohrn.

“ Bibliographia Librorum Entomologicorum in America-Boreali,’

editorum auctore Guil. Sharswood.

“ Beschreibung einiger neuer Chilenischer Schmetterlinge,’ von

Professor Dr. R. A. Philippi.

‘ Histoire Naturelle des Coléoptéres de France’ (Mulsant’s) :—

* Altisides,” par Foudras, — Paris.

“ Rostrifréres,” liv. 10, par Mulsant, Paris.

‘Naturgeschichte der Insekten Deutschlands,’ Band. 1, pt. 4,

Coleoptera, by Dr. Schaum, Berlin.

‘Fauna Austriaca,’ Diptera, Heft 1 and 2, by Dr. J. Rudolph

Schiner, Vienna. This work will contain the characters of all the

European genera, and a citation of the European species.

160

‘ Terminologia Entomologica, Heft 1—4, by J. Miiller, Brunn.

‘Diptera Scandinavie Disposita et Descripta, Tome xii. xiv.,

J. W. Zetterstedt, Lund.

‘Arcana Nature, ou Archives d'Histoire Naturelle,’ liv. 1, par

J. Thomson, Paris.

‘Iconographie et Description des Chenilles et Lépidoptéres

inedits,’ liv. 1, 2, plates, par P. Milliére, Lyon.

‘Die Europaischen Hemiptera, nach der analytischen Methode

bearbeitet,’ Heft. 1, by E. X. Fieber, Vienna.

‘ Entomologie Analytique,’ 2 vols., par. C. Dumeril, Paris.

‘Die Pflanzen und Raupen Deutschlands,’ von O. Wilde, Berlin.

‘ Correspondenzblatt fiir Sammler von Insecten, insbesondere von

Schmetterlingen,’ 1 Jahrgang, Nos. 1—12, Regensburg. A monthly

publication, somewhat after the plan of the ‘ Intelligencer,’ conducted

by Dr. Herrich-Schiitfer.

‘Monographie des Elaterides,’ Tome 3, par E. Candéze, Liége.

“Genera des Coléoptéres,’ Tome v., par Lacordaire, Paris, con-

tains the families Tenebrionide, Cistelide, Nilionide, Pythidie, Me-

landryide, Lagriide, Pedilide, Anthicide, Pyrochroide, Mordellide,

Rhipiphoride, Stylopide, Meloide and Gidemeride.

‘Entomologische Zeitung Herausgegeben von dem Entomologis-

chen Vereine zu Stettin,’ 21 Jahrgang, Stettin, contains :—

Nos. 1—3. Dohrn, “ Neujahrs Moralitat.” Mitelieder—Verzeich-

niss. Dohrn, “ Rede zur Stiftungsfeier des Entomologischen

Vereins.” Hagen, “ Bericht iiber die in der Provinz Preussen von

1857 bis 1859 schidlich auf getretenen Insekten.” V. Heyden,

“ Nekrolog tiber Johann Joseph Maria Becker.” V. Heyden, “ Mer-

mis antiqua.” Hagen, “ Neuroptera Neapolitana nebst Synopsis der

Ascalaphen Europas.” Speyer, “ Die Schmetterlinge Deutschlands

und der Schweiz, systematische bearbeitet von H. v. Heinemann.”

161

Osten-Sacken, “ Classification der Linnobiaceen.” Altum, “ Her-

maphroditen von Sphinx Convolvuli.” Freyer, “ Lepidopterologie ;

Gastropacha arbuscule ;” ‘‘ Naturgeschichte von Thyris fenestrina.”

Hagen, “‘ Hemerobius (Chrysopa) trimaculata, Girard.” A. Dohrn,

** Hemipterologische Miscellaneen.”

Nos. 4—6. Hagen, “ Fragmenta (Micro Lepidoptera).” Pfaffen-

zeller, ‘‘ Gastropacha arbuscule.”’ Suffrian, ‘“‘ Synonymische Mis-

cellaneen (Coleoptera). Schenk, “‘ Hymenoptera aculeata.” Anton

Dohrn, ‘‘ Hemipterologische Miscellaneen” (with a plate). Gers-

tiicker, “ Beschreibung einiger ausgezeichneten neuen Dipteren aus

der Familie Muscarie.”’ A. Dohrn, “ Berichtigung.” Hagen,

“Neuropteren Nord-Amerikas.” Mengelbir, “ Lepidopterologische

Miscellen.” Hagen, “ Miscellen.” Koch, “ Lepidopt. Systematis-

cher.” Bischoff, “ Gastropacha arbuscule.”

Nos. 7—9. Philippi, *‘ Coleoptera Chilensia.” Gerstiicker, “‘ Uber

Conops.” Bertolini, “ Camptorhinus statua.’ Staudinger, “ Zur

Rechtfertigung.” Cornelius, “ Lichtreiz der weissen Farbe.” Hagen,

“ Die Phryganiden Pictet’s.” Gartner, “ Limenitis aceris.”” Dohrn,

“ Literatur” (Schiner). G. Koch, “ Antikritik.” Snellen van Vol-

lenhoven, “ Uber die Columbatscher Miicke.” Dohrn, “ Der Wei-

zenverwiister ” (Cecidomyia destructor).

Nos. 10—12. Dohrn, ‘ Reminiscere II.” Hagen, “ Myrmeleon-

Arten.” Speyer, “ Lepidopterologische Beobachtungen.” Gers-

tiicker, “ Curculionen.” Anton Dohrn, “ Zur Heteropteren Fauna

Ceylon’s.” Suffrian, “Synonymische Miscellaneen (Coleoptera).”

Pfeil, “ Pelecotoma fennica.” Freyer, “ Gastropacha arbuscule.”

Schenck, “ Nachtriige zu Nassau’s Aculeatea.” Koch, “ Berichtigung.”

Lederer, “ Notiz.” Staudinger, “ Erklirung.”

‘Bericht iiber die wissenchaftlichen Leistungen im Gebiete der

Entomologie wahrend des Jahres 1858,’ by Dr. Gerstiicker, Berlin.

‘Les Lépidoptéres de la Belgique, leurs Chenilles et leur

Chrysalides, décrits et Représentés,’ liv. 1—8 (24 coloured plates),

par C. F. Dubois, Brussels.

‘Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift; Herausgegeben von dem

Entomologischen Vereine in Berlin.’ Vierter Jahrgang (1860). Seven

plates, of which one coloured, and portrait of Ruthe; and Catalogue

of European Hemiptera Heteroptera, pp. 25.

Contents :—“ Ueber die Naturgeschichte des Psychiden,” von

Dr. Ottmar Hofmann, in Regensburg (Hierzu ‘Taf. 1. and ii.)

“Ueber die Artrechte einiger Spanischer Caribi,” von Dr. G.

Kraatz.

“ Die Gattung Cardiomera, Bassi,” von Professor Schaum.

“ Ueber die europiischen Hirschkifer,” von Dr. G. Kraatz (irstes

Stiick).

“ Zwei neue Prostemma-arten,” von J. P. E. Frdr. Stein, in

Berlin.

“ Ueber Acanthia intrusa, Herr.-Schffr.,” von J. P. E. Frdr. Stein,

in Berlin.

“ Synonymische Bermerkungen,” I., von Prof. Schaum; II., von v.

Kiesenwetter; III., von Dr. G. Kraatz.

“ Nekrolog on Johan Friedrich Ruthe, and William Spence,” by

Professor Dr. Schaum. A portrait of the former is given as frontis-

piece to the vol.

“ Zeitschriftschen ” (Bibliographical Notices). I. to L.

“Deutsche Braconiden,” von J. F. Ruthe (Aus dessen Nachlass

veroffentlich), Erstes Stiick.

“ Das System der Carabicinen,” von Professor Schaum.

“ Beitrage zur Keuntniss einiger Laufkaifer Gattungen,” von

H. Schaum, with a coloured plate (III).

“Die Figitiden des mittlern Europa,” von H. Reinhard, Medicinal

Rath, in Bautzen (Plate IV.).

“ Ueber einige Coreiden-Gattungen,” von J. P. E. Frdr. Stein, in

Berlin.

“ Hine neue europaische Heuschrecken-Gattung,” von J. P. E. Frdr.

Stein, in Berlin (Hierzu Tafel v.).

“Ueber die systematische Stellung einiger Bostrychinen,” von.

Prof. Dr. Doebner, in Aschaffenburg (Hierzu Taf. vi.).

“Ueber die europdischen Hirschkéfer,’ von Dr. G. Kraatz

(Zweites Stuck, Dazu Taf. vii.).

“Zwei neve europaische Cimiciden-Gattungen aufgestellt,”? von

Dr. C. Stal, in Stockholm.

“Die Ponera-artigen Ameisen,” von Dr. J. Roger.

“H. de Bonvouloir, Synonymische Bemerkungen.”

“Klemen Mittheilungen. Hymenoptera,” v. Kiesenwetter, Ueber

der Bienen des Hymettus. Coleoptera, 1. H. Touris in Genf.

Drei neue europaische Kiafer-arten ; 11. Sammelbericht (Lists of Cap-

tures), by H. Fuss, in Ahrweiler; Dr. Sandu, in Hildesheim; Tieffen-

bach, in Berlin; Prémmal, in Berlin; Striibing, in Berlin; v. Twar-

dowsky, in Frankfort; v. M. G. Kraatz; Reiche, in Paris, and

163

v. Kiesenwetter. Diptera: Stein, in Berlin. Lepidoptera: v. Kiesen-

wetter.

“ Nekrolog. on Johann Christian Friedrich Maerkel,” by v. Kiesen-

wetter. (A lithographed portrait of Maerkel will be published in the

next part.)

“ Hemiptera Heteroptera Europea Systematica disposita,” auctore

F. de Baerensprung.

‘Glanures Entomologiques, ou Recueil de Notes Monographiques,

descriptions, critiqnes, remarques et synonymies diverses, par M.

Jacquelin du Val (Camille). Cahier 2. Paris: chez M. A. Deyrolle,

Naturaliste, Rue de la Monnaie, 19. 18 Mai, 1860.

This work appears at uncertain intervals, and the price of the

numbers varies according to the matter they contain. Part 2, the

only one to hand in 1860, contains :—

“ Hissaie Monagraphique sur le Genre Henicopus.”

“Supplément au Synopsis des Espéces Européennes du Genre

Lampyris.”

“ Synopsis des Espéces Européennes du genie Cebrio.”

“ Description de deux Genres nouveaux et d’une Espéce inédite de

la Famille des Ptinides.”

“ Descriptions de deux Espéces nouvelles” (Necrophorus Gallicus

et Xenostrongylus Deyrollei).

* Diagnoses provisoires de quelques Genres nouveaux.”

“ Note sur la Cardiomera Bonvouloirii de M. Schaum.”

** Remarques et Notes Critiques sur les Bembidium.”

“ Remarques et Synonymies diverses.”

‘Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenscaps Akademiens Férhandlingar Sex-

tonde Arginger, 1859.” Stockholm: 1860.

Contains six entomological papers:

“‘ Holingren, Ichneumonidermas Lefnadsatt.”

< 5s Sveriges Pimplariz.”

“ Stal, Om Reduvini.”

5, Om Amerikas Chrysomelina.”

* Wallengren, Skandinavien’s Coleophoren.”

This last enumerates twenty-eight Scandinavian species of the

genus Coleophora; one new species is described under the name of

C. Scolopacinella.

164

‘ Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps Academiens Handlingar ; Ny Féljd.’

Andra Bandet; Andra Haftet. 1858.

This was sent from Stockholm, November 18, 1860, by the

Académie Royale des Sciences de Stockholm. Contains two ento-

mological papers:

“Stal, Bidrag till Rio Janeiro-traktens Hemiptera Fauna.”

“ Holingren, Férsok till upstallning och besckrefning af de i Sverige

funna Ophionider.”

The first part of the second volume of the last-mentioned work,

dated 1857, contains a paper by Wallengren on Diurnal Lepidoptera

collected by J. A. Wahlberg in Caffraria from 1838—1845, and the

first volume contains a Monograph of the Swedish Tryphonide, by

Holingren, extending to 237 pages.

The Entomological Season of 1860.

In the ‘ Entomologist’s Annual’ for 1861 Mr. F. Smith, in a very

interesting paper, has recorded the effect of the extremely cold and

wet season of 1860 upon Hymenoptera, in producing a scarcity of

Aculeata ; and he adduces proof that leaves no doubt in one instance,

and by inference in others, that the want of heat was the cause of

the non-appearance of the species. He says, “‘ In the month of June

last I obtained a large number of pupe of a species of Colletes ;

these, in the usual progress of development, would appear in the

perfect condition about the middle of July; a few came forth in

August, but the majority still remain in the larva state.” In sucha

case Mr. Smith does not anticipate any perceptible diminution in

numbers next year, but in other cases he expects there will be a great

scarcity next season, for he says, “On the 16th September I found

a nest of Bombus Muscorum, in which the larve had nearly all

changed to pup, and had perished in that condition, in consequence

of the long-continued wet and cold; this, I fear, has been the case

with a large majority of the moss-building bees.”

But Mr. Smith goes on to say, “ I have no doubt of a similar scar-

city having been observed in other orders of insects, and that in

addition to the questions—What has become of the wasps? What

has become of the house-flies? it has also been asked, What has

become of the butterflies?” JI am glad that for once we have hada

scarcity of wasps and flies, although we must all regret that desirable

consummation could not be brought about without the loss of the

universally favourite butterflies. Yet it would be wrong to suppose

165

because butterflies were scarce that other Lepidoptera were rare also ;

I think rather that, of a great many species at least, the examples

were not seen for want of opportunity for collectors to seek them. I

arrive at this conclusion from the fact the London collectors have this

autumn found the larve of the larger Lepidoptera in unprecedented

numbers, showing that the parent moths had been matured during

the summer. In some instances there has been positive proof of the

existence, in numbers, of species usually rare, such as Erastria venus-

tula, Deilephila Livornica, Stathmopoda pedella, &c.

In Coleoptera there has been no scarcity of the usually common

species, and seldom have so many rare species been captured — in

considerable quantity too. I may instance Hallomenus humeralis,

Rhynchites truncorum, Mycetophagus 4-guttatus, Badister peltatus,

&e. Another season must elapse before we can ascertain whether

the “skiey influences” of 1860 have had any effect upon the repro-

duction of Coleoptera.

In the paper before quoted Mr. Smith says, “ Another effect pro-

duced by the late summerless year has been a great diminution of

the brilliancy in colouring in many species,’ of which he gives

examples. Nothing of the kind, however, has come under my notice

among Coleoptera or Lepidoptera; indeed, in the latter order, we

we have had before us, at the last meeting, a specimen of Hemero-

phila abruptaria and one of Gonepteryx Rhamni, var. Cleopatra,

captured in 1860, both of which were remarkable for their depth of

colour, But I doubt whether great heat is a cause of the intensity

of colour in insects, or at least in Lepidoptera, for it is notorious that

in many species which occur throughout Britain, the examples from

Scotland are much deeper in colour than specimens taken in the

south ; and again it is well known that in Chariclea Delphinii, which

remains from one to seven years in the pupa state, the longer the

individuals are in assuming the imago condition the more intense is

the colour.

British Entomological Societies.

The establishment of Entomological Societies or Clubs in various

parts of the country is a cheering sign of the diffusion of Entomology

in Britain. With the exception, perhaps, of the Societies of Oxford

and Cambridge, none of these associations aim at a scientific standard,

and most of them are exclusively devoted to insects of the order

Lepidoptera; yet, as centres of union for collectors, where they may

compare notes and captures, and communicate knowledge to each

166

other, they may do much good service in the working out of the

Natural History of the Lepidoptera, and eventually of other orders ;

for the economy of a vast number of species being still unknown,

there is in this department alone a wide field to be explored.

British Entomologists.

Much has been said against English entomologists confining their

attention exclusively to the insects of Britain, but the field of Entomo-

logy is so vast that it is impossible for any one to obtain more than a

very general idea of all the orders of insects in a country, and few of us

have either the leisure or opportunity for doing even this. Speaking

on this subject lately to a celebrated European entomologist, he said

that the only true way for any individual to work with effect was for

him to restrict his attention either to one order or one geographical

region at one time, and then, in either case, the results would be

valuable and satisfactory. Hitherto, in this country, attention has

been given chiefly to Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, but I am happy to

say that the other orders are gradually coming into favour, and

eventually I hope we shall have what has never yet been obtained—

a complete insect Fauna of Great Britain.

One more remark and I have done. Collecting has with some

persons become such a mania that to form a collection, at whatever

cost, appears to be the sole object of their lives. ‘The possessor of a

unique specimen prides himself upon having it ; the captor of rarities

hoards them up, or barters them away with reference to their money

value ; and others take advantage of the ignorance of young collectors

to obtain from them any rare species they may happen to possess.

My attention has been so often called to cases of want of honourable

feeling and consideration, such as I have alluded to, that I feel bound

to give expression to the disgust of all right-minded entomologists at

such conduct. A collection of insects, besides being a repository of

the most beautiful objects of Divine skill, should also serve to increase

and preserve our knowledge of them; but a collection formed

on any other principle only becomes a monument of the cupidity and

selfishness of its owner.

Another matter which has pained me, and which, I think, deserves

the severest reprobation, is the personal altercation and recrimination

of entomologists, not only in this country but abroad. “ Genus irri-

tabile ” is an appellation which bids fair, if this spirit be not repressed,

to attach with truth to entomologists as a body; and to my certain

167

knowledge the unamiable behaviour of some of our body has pre-

vented and still prevents individuals joining our Society. Entomo-

logy, and indeed, Science in general, should be, if not holy, at least

neutral ground ; entomologists should show to the world and to each

other that they have learned to differ without acrimony, and that

the study of the glorious beauty and harmony of Nature has impressed

them with a sense of the utter littleness of personal squabbles. The

entomologist to whom a sense of humility and self-negation is wanting,

whatever may be his other qualifications, has missed the greatest

lesson of his vocation, and is only half a naturalist ;

“ For it is alone to students,

True and ardent, are laid open

Nature’s deeply hidden secrets.”

Tnabilities and Assets of the Society.

Liabilities. Assets.

Biiguaods A Be: oe

Messrs. Day for Plates ...... 3 4 O Arrears of Mea

» Bright for ane good.. sdonoctons 9 BE)

GICAL G | ermmesiccciecsiocciecd «elas Guat Ditto doubtful ‘£16 16 0

» lioworth for printitig Add Balance in hand...... 105 4 2b

Transactions ...s0..... 13 5 6

Rent to Christmas ............ 20 0 O 114 13 24

(9) Wena baa scene chapeaasenarcccl st1snO-r 10) Less amounts due at

Messrs. Wilkinson for print- Christmas s.5:s3... a 40°17 3

IN GTP LACES .cccaccsoscsesecsass: 2 eO-- OD -

>» Dulau & Co. for

WS OOKSifesstaccinacisaciencioedaccjay Ones ani

True Balance in favour

£48 17 3 of the Society ......... £65 15 114

168

Abstract of the Treasurer's Accounts for 1860.

RECEIPTS.

By Balance on hand January Ist, 1860 ......sscesccoessccecscccecseessees L108 18

(0)

PMETEDES OL SUDSCTIPPIONS! \2,eescheserecec con sense teceetcecssrclvwscaaeevavee | Ol, o

SuUbseriptions for 1860 1.0.20. cvecserccssceseccssvesavececdseee wevenseccensen 1047 2

AAMisSsiOu (MeeS'.cacsdeeeessigepiesevensscassenstedceinesiete/ceeliscsseseeveesteeask (ou LA

Tea Se. sep snpbolslaas sep mae annaedansionnssmccel tatesractisae pee ter seine

Sale of Transactions at the Bonne Sones aeues aeons nee eel ea

Ps AU LOUGMANS orevevccsscaerssestes CY Dy ns

Dividend received on £109 14s. 9d. 3 & Cent Consols .......00. 3 5

Plates of Adolias (of Mr. Moore)... SaocscacOeancer cco PS

Cash of Mr. Saunders for cost of Saunt Plates of Bereinide. «« 219

£288 12

PAYMENTS.

paid arrears for 1859:—Rent to Christmas........ seneene 20,0 0

Messrs. Williams & Norgate,

LOTS OOKS cencescieocescescesesasl COMMOL TO

», Wilkinson, printing Plates 6 9 O

——- _ 65 14

ent Lo MMi GSUMIMNEE - ca. nce asneccnessncieocatnce-Wueaittn/eneieseiss dusiassjecieiene 20° <0

Insurance to Lady- -day, 1861 asSiatis nea ssichiewedhacelssotascaaceueadaasreese EMO ae

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GENERAL INDEX.

Nore.—Where the name only of an Insect is mentioned the description thereof

is referred to.

The figures refer to the pages of the Transactions, and the Numerals to the pages of

the Journal of Proceedings.

GENERAL SUBJECTS.

Anniversary Address, 1859..xci.

1860..cxlvii.

Ants, forming nests exclusively of mineral substance, exvii.

Ants’ nests, butterfly found in, Ixviil.

Beehive, on a new construction, Xvli, XXxxv.

Bees, drinking from a chalybeate spring, Ixxviii.

natural cross-breeding in, cxxvi.

British Butterflies, notes on the geographical distribution of, 229.

Sphingide, remarks on the occurrence of rare species, cxix.

Cape of Good Hope, entomology of, lvi.

Caterpillars, poisonous, cxvi.

Cells of bees, &c., mode of construction of, xvii, xxxiv, xxxvill, xli.

Coffee plantations, insects injurious to, lix.

Enlarged coloured figures of insects, remarks on, Ixvi.

Fertile workers of common honey bee, cxviii.

Fossorial Hymenoptera, exterior nests of, lv.

- Grease in insects, cure of, exliv.

Hermaphrodite Hymenoptera, xxvii.

Honey, method of obtaining without destroying bees or brood, Ixxv.

Insects, injurious to beoks, lix, Ixv.

Larve of the gnat, tenacity of life of, Ixxx.

Library and Cabinet Committee Report, 1858..1.; 1859..ci.; 1860. .cxlvi.

Pollen, bees feeding on, xxxviii, xl.

Priority in nomenclature, disputed case of, xxiii.

Pupz-cases, membranous lining of, cxl, exliv.

Rhododendrons and their enemies, Ixxxv.

Species, on the persistence of, xxix.

Treasurer’s Accounts, 1858..li.; 1859..cii.; 1860..clxviii.

Wasps’ nest, facts connected with the history of a, Ixxxvi.

VOL. V. N.S. PT. Xx.—ocT. 1861. AA

170

APHANIPTERA.

Pulex Imperator, proved to be the young larva of a Blatta, Ix.

ARACHNIDA.

Nephila, strength of the web of a, xxxili.

COLEOPTERA.

Abreus granulum, a new British species, ]xii.

nigricornis, a new British species, xiv.

Acylophorus glabricollis, a new British species, ]xxvi.

Agomorphus remotus, Pascoe, 29.

Atrenea cognata, Pascoe, 36.

terrena, Pascoe, 36.

Agathomerus Salléi, Baly, 153.

Agnia fasciata, Pascoe, liv.

Ammecius brevis, a new British species, cxxxvil.

Amphionycha circumeincta, Pascoe, 54.

Anisotoma nigrita, a new British species, xiii.

Anomesia dolosa, Pascoe, 53.

Anthicus bimaculatus, a new British species, cv.

Apomecyna nigrita, Pascoe, 49.

Arrhenodes maxillosus, capture of, at Camden- town, 1xxii.

Astathes externa, Pascoe, 46.

decipiens, Pascoe, 46.

divisa, Pascoe, 47.

Athemistus, characters of, 49.

Augomela dives, Baly, 157.

ornata, Baly, 157.

? an apparently new British species, exxviii.

Bagous

Bembidium nigricorne, a new British species, cv.

Bostrichide, notes on the habits of, 218.

Brachonyx indigena, a new British species, cxxiii.

Brachytria pulcherrima, Pascoe, 28.

Bradycellus harpalinus, a new British species, ¢xXxxviil.

Bruchi, observations on the species of, cxiii.

Cacia triloba, Pascoe, 44.

Callia chrysomelina, Pascoe, 45.

Calliaspis Bohemani, Baly, 159.

Callichroma Thomsoni, Pascoe, 24.

trogoninum, Pascoe, 24.

Calodera riparia, a new British species, xiv.

Cassida, of the Linnean collection, cxli.

Catoxantha carinata, White, |xiv.

Caulophilus sculpturatus, Woll., 368.

Caulotrupis Chevrolatii, Woll., note on, 377.

conicollis, Woll., note on, 378.

impius, Woll., note on, 376.

171

COLEOPTERA —continued.

€aulotrupis lacertosus, Woll., note on, 876.

lucifugus, Woll., note on, 377.

opacus, Woll., note on, 377.

subnitidus, Woll., note on, 376.

terebrans, Woll., note on, 377.

Ceragenia sericata, Pascoe, 16.

Cerambyx aureipennis, Pascoe, |xxxiv.

consocius, Pascoe, 20.

demissus, Pascoe, 21.

macilentus, Pascoe, 20.

venustus, Pascoe, 19.

vernicosus, Pascoe, 19.

versutus, Pascoe, 20.

Cerepsius histrio, Pascoe, 45.

patronus, Pascoe, 43.

Ceutorhynchus Syrites, a new British species, cxxiv.

tarsalis, a new British species, cxxv.

Chetloxena, characters of, 254.

Westwoodii, 255.

Cissid@, notes on the British species of, 260.

Cis affinis, Gyll., 208.

Alni, Gyll., 206.

Boleti, Scop., 202.

cornutus, Gyll., 208.

bidentatus, Oliv., 206.

festivus, Panz., 205.

fuscatus, Mellié, 205.

glabriculus, Gyll., 208.

hispidus, Payk., 204.

micans, Herbst., 204.

nitidus, Herbst, 207.

pygmaeus, Steph., 205.

villosulus, Marsh., 203.

Clytus ascendens, Pascoe, 27.

Balyi, Pascoe, 27. “

Bowringii, Pascoe, 28.

Walkeri, Pascoe, 27.

Coleoptera, mode of setting, xvii.

Collyrodes, characters of, 25.

Lacordairei, Pascoe, 25.

Colobothea Fryi. Pascoe, 52.

longimana, Pascoe, 52.

luctuosa, Pascoe, 53.

Conosoma pedicularium, a new British species, Ixxii.

Coptops nanus, Pascoe, 39.

Corticaria, a revision of the British species of, 134.

crenulata, Gyll., 135.

AA 2

172

COLEOPTERA—continued.

Corticaria cylindrica, Mann, 139.

denticulata, Gyll., 136.

elongata, Gyll., 140.

ferruginea, Gyll., 141.

fulva, Chevrier, 137.

fuscula, Gyll., 144.

gibbosa, Payk., 142.

pubescens, Gyll., 134.

serrata, Payk., 138.

Wollastoni, Waterh., 143.

Cossonides, on the Atlantic, 362.

Crioceris Adonis, Baly, 150.

Bakewellit, Baly, 151.

flavipennis, Baly, 151.

pulchella, Baly, 152.

Cryphalus Abietis, a new British species, cv.

Fagi, a new British species, cv.

Cychramus fungicola, a new British species, cxxiv.

Deuteromma mutica, Pascoe, 25.

Diachromus germanus, capture of, cxxvii.

Didymocantha cylindricollis, Pascoe, 18.

Diotima, characters of, 57.

undulata, Pascoe, 58.

Dolichotoma gloriosa, Baly, 160.

Donacia Comari, a new British species, cxxviil, CXXxX1il.

obscura, anew British species, Ixxxiii.

notes on the British species of, 212.

Dorcatoma chrysomelina, a new British species, cxxvil.

Doryphora cruciata, Stal., 153.

De Gandei, Baly, 154.

Drilus flavescens, larva of, ix.

Dystheta, characters of, 31.

anomala, Pascoe, 31.

Elaterid@, notes upon the species of, in the Stephensian cabinet, 88.

Emus hirtus, captured at Southend, lxxx.

Epitrix atrope, a new British species, cxxxi.

Epurea neglecta, a new British species, Ixiii.

Eremotes, characters of, 364.

crassicornis, Brullé, 365.

Eroschema, characters of, 17.

Poweri, Pascoe, 17.

Esmia, characters of, 55.

turbata, Pascoe, 55.

Exocentrus hamaticollis, Pascoe, 37.

hispidulus, Pascoe, 37.

inclusus, Pascoe, 38.

Glenia commissa, Pascoe, 54.

173

COLEOPTERA—continued.

Glenia scapifera, Pascoe, 54.

Golsinda infausta, Pascoe, 41.

Gonioctena flexuosa, Baly, 156.

Gyaritus levicollis, Pascoe, 38.

Haploglossa gentilis, a new British species, Ixviii.

rufipennis, a new British species, cv.

Hathlia grammica, Pascoe, 49.

murina, Pascoe, 50.

procera, Pascoe, 50.

Helophorus intermedius, a new British species, Ixxvi.

Hesthesis meerens, Pascoe, 21.

Hesycha albilatera, Pascoe, 36.

Nyphonoides, Pascoe, 36.

Heterocerus flexuosus, Steph., 167.

fusculus, Kiesenw., 166.

levigatus, Panz., 162.

marginatus, Fabr., 1695.

obsoletus, Curtis, 164.

rectus, Waterh., 168.

sericans, Kiesenw., 166.

Heaxarthrum, characters of, 366.

capitulum, Woll., 366.

Hister marginatus, a new British species, xiv.

Homalomelas zonatus, Pascoe, 23.

Homaiota imbecilla, Waterh., xvi.

plumbea, Waterh., xv.

sublerranea, a new British species, cxx1.

Hoplionota Templetoni, Baly, 158.

Hydrochus carinatus, a new British species, Ixxxiv.

Hydroporus Lapponum ? a new British species, xxxvil.

Hylastes cunicularius, a new British species, cxxxviil.

Hylobius Abtetis, ravages of, in Scotland, cxxix, cxxxiv.

Hypselomus paganus, Pascoe, 35.

pupillatus, Pascoe, 35.

variolosus, Pascoe, 35.

Tolea histrio, Pascoe, 45.

proxima, Pascoe, 45.

Tschnotes Bakewelli, Pascoe, 56.

Lemophleus duplicatus, a new British species, Ixii.

Lasiopezus Whitei, Pascoe, 30.

Lathridius, list of the British species of, 174.

Leiopus suffusus, Pascoe, 37.

Leipommata, Woll., note on, 394.

calcaratum, Woll., 395.

Lema cognata, Baly, 148.

De Gandei, Baly, 146.

174

COLEOPTERA—continued.

Lema Erycina, Baly, 147.

Fortunei, Baly, 148.

Hebe, Baly, 150.

oculata, Baly, 149.

variolosa, Baly, 146.

Leptinotarsa porosa, Baly, 155.

Leptoderus Hohenwartii, capture of, ix.

Lissonotus Shepherdi, Pascoe, 16.

Lomaptera, note on the sexual differences in the genus, vit.

Maerotoma gemella, Pascoe, 15.

Mallodon figuratum, Pascoe, 14.

fulvipenne, Pascoe, 15.

Mecynopus semivitreus, Pascoe, 56.

Mesites, Schon., note on, 400.

complanatus, Woll., 401.

Euphorbia, Woll., 403.

fusiformis, Woll., 405.

maderensis, Woll., 408.

persimilis, Woll., 402.

proximus, Woll., 404.

pubipennis, Woll., 406.

Mesosa columba, Pascoe, 40.

Mesoxenus Bewickianus, Woll., note on, 397.

Monixianus, Woll., note on, 396.

Meton Digglesii, Pascoe, 59.

granulicollis, Pascoe, 42.

Micropeplus, remarks on species of, exliii.

Microtragus Amycteroides, Pascoe, 61.

Microxylobius, characters of, 378.

Chevrolatii, Woll., 3838.

conicollis, Woll., 384.

lacertosus, Woll., 381.

lucifugus, Woll., 382.

terebrans, Woll., 383.

Westwoodii, Chev., note on, 581.

Monohammus commixtus, Pascoe, 42.

Grayii, Pascoe, liv.

Mycetoporus angularis, a new British species, cxxxvil.

Nebria nivalis, a new British species, xxxvil.

Notolophia dispersa, Pascoe, 47.

variabilis, Pascoe, 47.

Nyphena Bakewellii, Pascoe, 38.

insularis, Pascoe, 39.

pullata, Pascoe, 39.

Nyssicus, characters of, 17.

Ocyusa ruficornis, a new British species, X1ii.

175

COLEOPTERA —continued.

Obrium ibidionoides, Pascoe, 26.

laterale, Pascoe, 26.

mecestum, Pascoe, 26.

Olenocamptus clarus, Pascoe, 44.

Olibrus oblongus, a new British species, ]xiii.

Oligota atomaria, a new British species, | xii.

Omotes erosicollis, Pascoe, 57.

Onychocerus albitarsis, Pascoe, 31.

Onycholips, characters of, 389.

bifurcatus, Woll., 394.

' Opilus univittatus, a new British species, XXXVil.

Oreodera cretifera, Pascoe, 29.

Ostedes, characters of, 43.

pauperata, Pascoe, 44.

Oxycephala imperialis, Baly, 1xxxviii.

Oxylymma, characters of, 21.

lepida, Pascoe, 22.

Oxypoda ? aterima, Waterh., xxii.

nigrina, Waterh., xiv.

nigrofusca, Waterh., xv.

spectabilis, a new British species, xlvil.

Pachypexa simplex, Pascoe, 55.

Paralina, characters of, 155.

Pausside, on the habits of, i1.

Pempsamacra vestita, Pascoe, 57.

Pentarthrum, Woll., note on, 397.

cylindricum, Woll., 398.

Pentatemnus, characters of, 385.

arenarius, Woll., 388.

Penthea conferta, Pascoe, 40.

Phemone, characters of, 48.

frenata, Pascoe, 48.

Philonthus fuscus, a new British species, 1xxxiil.

Phleophagus affinis, Woll., 373.

calvus, Woll., 370.

caulium, Woll., 371.

laurineus, Woll., 371.

piceus, Woll., 374.

simplicipes, Woll., 374.

sulcipennis, Woll., 369.

tenax, Woll., 370.

Platystethus nitens, a new British species, Ixii.

Polyrhaphis Jansoni, Pascoe, 30.

Porphyraspis pulchella, Baly, 159.

Psilomorpha apicalis, Pascoe, 58.

Ptinella angustula, a new British species, |xiii.

Ralisbonensis, a new British species, Ixii.

176

COLEOPTER A—continued.

Ptinella tenella, a new British species, 1xiii.

Quedius infuscatus, a new British species, exXxvui.

truncicola, a new British species, cv.

Raphidia ? habits of, Ixix.

Rhagiomorpha exilis, Pascoe, 58.

Rhagonycha elongata, a new British species, exxiil.

Rhipiphorus paradozus, observations on, Ixxxvi.

Rhopalodontus perforatus, a new British species, exxilt.

Rhyncolus crassirostris, Woll., 367.

Rhytiphora cretata, Pascoe, 60.

polymita, Pascoe, 60.

Ropica ExocentroidesPascoe, 61.

incana, Pascoe, 50.

preusta, Pascoe, 51.

stigmatica, Pascoe, 51.

varipennis, Pascoe, 51.

Sagra, Adonis, Lacord., note on, 238.

bicolor, Lacord., 249.

carbunculus, Hope, 244.

descriptions of some new species of, Ne., 236.

Dohrnii, Baly, 253. =

emarginata, Baly, 246.

Fabricii, Lacord., note on, 238.

formosa, Lacord., note on, 288.

heterodera, Lacord., note on, 238.

ignita, Lacord., note on, 238.

Jansoni, Baly, 243.

Javeti, Baly, 240.

Kirbyi, Baly, 250.

lucida, Baly, 245.

Murrayi, Baly, 251.

nigrita, Oliv., note on, 236.

Parryi, Baly, 247.

perlucida, Lacord., note on, 237.

Petellii, Lacord., note on, 236.

Pfeifferi, Baly, 239.

pygmea, Lacord., note on, 238.

seraphica, Lacord., note on, 238.

splendida, Weber, note on, 236.

Stevensi, Baly, 241. ;

tabular list of the species of, 256.

Weberi, Lacord., note on, 238.

Saperda funesta, Pascoe, 53.

Saprinus immundus, a new British species, xiv.

metallicus, Fabr., a new British species, xiv.

Scolytida, notes on the habits of, 218.

Scolytus destructor, note on, XXiv.

Lrigg

COLEOPTERA—continued.

Scolytus destructor, on the ravages of, iil.

Pruni, a new British species, lxxii.

Sebasmia, characters of, 18.

Templetoni, Pascoe, 19.

Sitaris humeralis, observations on, Ixxx.

Solenogenys, characters of, 170.

foeeda, Westw., 171.

Stenoderus labiatus, Pascoe, 24.

Stenotis, Wool., note on, 399.

acicula, Woll., 400.

Stenus opticus, a new British species, ]xxii.

palustris, a new British species, xlvil.

picipennis, a new British species, xiv.

proditor, a new British species, Lxii.

Sthenias Bondii, Pascoe, 48.

Strophosonus limbatus, feeding on Rhododendrons, Ixxviii.

Symbiotes latus, a new British species, xlvii.

note on, liv.

Symphyletes cinnamomeus, Pascoe, 59.

metutus, Pascoe, 40.

sodalis, Pascoe, 41.

Tachinus laticollis, a new British species, Ixxxiii.

Temnosternus dissimilis, Pascoe, 59.

Thranius, characters of, 22.

bimaculatus, Pascoe, 23.

gibbosus, Pascoe, 23.

Tmesisternus lotor, Pascoe, lxxxiv.

Trichomesia, characters of, 18.

Newmani, Pascoe, 18.

Trinodes hirtus, description of the larva of, Ixix.

Tritocosmia Digglesii, Pascoe, 58.

paradoxa, Pascoe, 56.

rubea, Pascoe, 24.

Trypanidius geminus, Pascoe, 29.

Zygocera barbicornis, Pascoe, 34.

bifasciata, Pascoe, 32.

complexa, Pascoe, 34.

Mace Leayi, Pascoe, 32.

pentheoides, Pascoe, 32.

plumifera, Pascoe, 33.

pumila, Pascoe, 33.

CRUSTACEA.

Cephaloniscus Grayanus, White, xlviii.

Niphargus Kochianus, capture of, exl.

178

DIPTERA.

Achias, singular species of, 417.

Anthomyia prolectata, Wallf., 317.

protrita, Walk., 317.

Anthrax trifigurata, Walk., 285.

Aricia circulatriz, Walk., 316.

inducta, Walk., 316.

procedens, Walk., 315.

rescita, Walk., 315.

Asilus inamatus, Walk., 283.

perrumpens, Walk., 283.

Asteia ? tenuis, Walk., 331.

Atomosia sericans, Walk., 282.

Bibio birudis, Walk., 332.

criorhinus ? Bellardi, 331.

Bombylius albovitta ? Macq., 286.

furiosus, Walk., 286.

Bricinnia, characters of, 324.

flexivitta, Walk., 324.

Calliphora femorata, Walk., 310.

socors, Walk., 311.

Calobata bicolor, Walk., 327.

cyanescens, Walk., 327.

Ceria cacica, Walk., 288.

Charax, characters of, 325.

planidorsum, Walk., 325.

Chrysochlora purpurea, Walk., 271.

Chrysomyia inclinata, Walk., 311.

Chrysopila basalis, Walk., 285.

trifasciata, Walk., 284.

Chyliza nigro-viridis, Walk., 330.

Clitellaria obesa, Walk., 270.

Ceelopa offendens, Walk., 320.

Ceenosia intacta, Walk., 318.

Conops bipunctata ? Loew, 293.

Cyphomyia simplex, Walk., 268.

Cyrtus orbifer, Walk., 276.

Dacus brevistriga, Walk., 322.

incisus, Walk., 523.

pectoralis, Walk., 322.

squalidus, Walk., 323.

Damalis signatus, Walk., 284.

Dasypogon decretus, Walk., 279.

gelascens, Walk., 277.

inopinatus, Walk., 278.

inopportunus, Walk., 278.

proclivis, Walk., 277.

secabilis, Walk., 276.

179

DIPTERA — continued.

Devwia pertecta, Walk., 307.

Dilophus desistens, Walk., 332.

Diopsis obstans, Walk., 329.

Diptera, characters of undescribed species in the collection of W. W. Saunders,

Esq., 268.

Discocephala divisa, Walk., 279.

interlineata, Walk., 279.

Drosophila dorsivitta, Walk., 330,

inversa, Walk., 331. :

Dryomyza maculiceps, Walk., 319.

Echinomyia albiceps, Walk., 295.

ludens, Walk., 295.

Elaphomyia, characters of, 413.

Alcicornis, Saund., 415.

brevicornis, Saund. 415.

cervicornis, Saund., 414.

polita, Saund. 416.

Wallacei, Saund., 414.

Eristalis basiger, Walk., 290.

expictus, Walk., 290.

familiaris, Walk., 290.

impositus, Walk., 289.

involvens, Walk., 291.

transpositus, Walk., 289. °

Eurigaster commetans, Walk., 299.

desita, Walk., 299.

fertoria, Walk., 300.

habilis, Walk., 301.

postica, Walk., 301.

saginata, Walk., 298.

Helomyza bipunctata, Walk., 319.

gratiosa, Walk., 319.

Hybos vittatus, Walk., 286.

Hylemyia probata, Walk., 318.

Jurinia debitrix, Walk., 296.

innovata, Walk., 296.

Lampria bitincta, Walk., 280.

Laphria abscissa, Walk., 282.

componens, Walk., 281.

formidolosa, Walk., 280.

triligata, Walk., 281.

Limnobia nigricola, Walk., 333.

stupens, Walk., 333.

Lonchcea diserepans, Walk., 322.

Loxocera ? quadrilinea, Walk., 329.

Lucilia inventrix, Walk., 312.

surrepens, Walk., 512.

Lydella cessatrix, Walk., 305.

180

DIPTERA—continued.

Lydella? indita, Walk., 306.

Masicera alacris, Walk., 304.

disputans, Walk., 302.

eapergita, Walk, 304.

gentica, Walk., 302.

incivica, Walk., 305.

necopina, Walk., 303.

Michogaster basistriga, Walk., 328.

marginalis, Walks, 328.

Musca perlata, Walk., 314.

sensifera, Walk., 314,

Nemopoda induans, Walk., 329.

Nemoreéa erythropus, Walk., 298.

intrita, Walk., 297.

Ophyra congressa, Walk., 317.

intendens, Walk., 316.

Opomyza signicosta, Walk., 330.

Ortalis alternata, Walk., 326.

bipars, Walk., 326.

leucomelas, Walk., 325.

Pachyrhina nigrolutea, Walk. 334.

Pangonia atrifera, Walk., 272.

tenuirostris, Walk., 272.

Paragus signatus, Walk., 288.+

Psilopus hereticus, Walk., 287.

peractus, Walk., 287.

permodicus, Walk., 288,

solidus, Walk., 287.

Ptilocera Natalensis, Walk., 268.

Pyrellia scordalus, Walk., 313.

specialis, Walk., 313.

suspicax, Walk., 312.

Sapromyza apta, Walk., 321.

Sarcophaga conclausa, Walk., 309.

despensa, Walk., 309.

effrenata, Walk., 309.

fortipes, Walk., 310.

innota, Walk., 308.

intermutans, Walk., 308.

perneta, Walk., 308.

Sargus subinterruptus ? Bellardi, 271.

rufibasis, Walk., 271.

Sciomyza transducta, Walk., 320.

Simulium ochraceum, Walk., 332.

Stratiomys constricta, Walk., 269.

= pinguis, Walk., 270.

Syrphus colludens, Walk., 293.

181

DIPTERA—continued.

Tabanus abscondens, Walk., 275.

alteripennis, Walk., 274.

commixtus, Walk., 273.

dorsifer, Walk., 273.

incipiens, Walk., 275.

purus, Walk., 274.

— ?a pest on the Gold coast, exix.

Tachina despicienda, Walk., 306.

Temnocera unilecta, Walk., 292.

viridula, Walk., 292.

Tetanocera discalis, Walk., 321.

pectoralis, Walk., 321.

Thereva, carnivorous habits of a species of, lix.

Tipula associans, Walk., 333.

dispellens, Walk., 334. ™*

Trupanea apivora, Walk., 282.

lateralis, Walk., 283.

Trypeta polygramma, Walk., 326.

Volucella aperta, Walk., 292.

Yylota subcostalis, Walk., 291.

HYMENOPTERA.

Anthidium cordatum, habits of, x.

Anthophora ? habits of, x.

Apis Liguria, introduced in Britain, Ixxxvili, cxxvi.

Bethyllus depressus, a vew British species, lxv.

Bombus, parasites of, cxl.

Dorylus, habits of, xxviii.

Hemiteles formosus, Desv., 211.

Hymenoptera of Natal, habits of the, ix.

2? nest of, lv.

Larrada

Pelopeus chalybeus, habits of, x.

Pexomachus, notes on the economy of, 209.

Sphex Lanierii, nest of, lv.

Vespa vulgaris, hybernation of, cix.

LEPIDOPTERA.

Acidalia herbariata, a new British species, xii.

Acrobasis rubrotibiella, a new British species, xxxviil.

Adela Natalensis, Staint., 222.

Adolias, monograph of the genus, 62.

Aconthia, Cram., 62.

Adima, Moore, 76.

Adonia, Cram., 67.

Alpheda, Godt., 66.

Ambalika, Moore, 74.

Anosia, Boisd., 65.

182

LEPIDOPTERA—continued. |g

Adolias Apiades, Menetries, 77.

Cocytina, Horsfd., 75. |

Cocytus, Fabr., 76.

Confucius, Westw., 79.

Coresia, Hub., 82.

Dirtea, Fabr., 84.

Dunya, Doubl., 84.

Durga, Moore, 80.

Epiona, Gray, 79.

Evelina, Stoll., 75.

Francie, Gray, 81.

Garuda, Moore, 64.

Gopia, Moore, 738.

Hesperus, Fabr., 85.

Iva, Moore, 78. |

Jahnu, Moore, 74.

Japis, Godt., 73.

Kanda, Moore, 69.

Kardama, Moore, 80.

Kesava, Moore, 67. |

Lubentina, Cram., 67. |

Lutala, Moore, 71.

Mahadeva, Moore, 68.

Merta, Moore, 72.

Monima, Fabri., 86.

Nara, Moore, 78.

Nesimachus, Boisd., 83.

Nicea, Gray, 83.

Palguna, Moore, 70.

Parta, Moore, 63.

Pelea, Fabr., 86.

Phemius, Doubl., 65.

Pulasara, Moore, 71.

Puseda, Moore, 71.

Ramada, Moore, 69.

Sahadeva, Moore, 80.

Salia, Moore, 69.

Sananda, Moore, 76.

Sancara, Moore, 78.

Sedeva, Moore, 68.

Sikandi, Moore, 75.

Siva, Westw., 85. '

Telchinea, Menetries, 77.

Tenta, Doubl., 81.

Trigerta, Moore, 72.

Vasanta, Moore, 77.

Agrias Hewitsonius, Bates, exi.

183

LEPIDOPTERA—ccntinued.

Agrias, notes on, 2.

Pericles, Bates, cxi.

Sardanapalus, Bates, cxi.

Anatole, note on, 5

Anarsia candida, Staint., 114.

Atkinsonia, characters of, 125.

Clerodendronella, Atkinson, 125.

Butalis triocellata, Staint., 120.

Caerois choringus, note on, 4.

Callithea Sapphira,economy of, 3.

Calydne, notes on, 9.

Carpocapsa saltitans, Westw., Xxvii.

Catephia alchymista, a new British Noctua, xliii.

Cemiostoma, a new species, xxvii.

Wailesella, a new species, xxi.

Ceromitia Wahlbergi, Zell., 222.

Cerostoma albofasciella, Staint., 114.

rugosella, Staint., 113.

Charis, note on, 8.

Cheimatobia brumata, ravages of the larva of, xxxi.

Clostera anachoreta, capture of, Ixxvii.

Coleophora, descriptions of five new species of, 408.

Artemisiella, Scott, 409.

Ardeepennella, Scott, 410.

Melilotella, Scott, 408.

politella, Scott, 410.

Wilkinsoni, Scott, 411.

Cosmopteryx eneella, Staint., 124.

Asiatica, Staint., 122.

semicoccinea, Staint., 123.

Cybdelis, note on, 4.

Depressaria? Ricinella, Atkinson, 110.

Ricini, Atkinson, 115.

Zizyphi, Atkinson, 116.

Diasemia Ramburialis, a new British species, xxxix.

Emesis, note on, 9d. ;

Ephyra, hybrid specimen of, cxvi.

Erateina, Doubl., observations on the genus, with descriptions of some new

species, 261.

lineata, Saund., 265.

margarita, Saund., 266.

obscura, Saund., 266.

Regina, Saund., 264.

sinuata, Saund., 263.

undulata, Saund., 263.

Erycina Amazon, Saund., 97.

Atahualpa, Saund., 101.

184

LEPIDOPTERA —continued.

Erycina Batesii, Saund., 99.

Bogota, Saund. 98.

Calphurnia, Saund., 106.

Colubra, Saund., 103.

Eryxo, Saund., 104.

Etias, Saund., 102.

Heliconoides, Swains., 99.

Huana, Saund., 100.

Huascar, Saund., 101.

Ocollo, Saund., 105.

Erycinide, pup2 of, 6.

Gelechia Cornubia, a new British species, xxxix.

2 Hibisci, Atkinson, 117.

leucomelanella, a new British species, xxxix.

marginipunctella, Staint., 118.

ocellatella, a new British species, xxxix.

? pubescentella, Staint., 117.

simpliciella, Staint., 118.

Glyphipteryx Scheenicolella, a new British species, x).

Gonepteryx Rhamni, var. Cleopatra, exliii.

Gracilaria auricilla, Staint., 120.

falcatella, Staint., 121.

ustulatella, Staint., 121.

Heliconida, notes on, l.

Hyponomeuta Africanus, Staint., 222.

fumigatus, Zell., 222.

Ilythia sociella, cocoons of, found in the stomach of a cow, Ixxv.

Ino, an apparently new species of, Ixxx.

Lasiommata Megara, variety of, cxxiv.

Laverna Mimosa, Staint., 126.

Lemonias, note on, 5.

Leucania extranea, anew British Noctua, xxix.

Lithocolletis Helianthemi, habits of, 1xxix.

Lozostoma, characters of, 124.

flavofasciata, Staint., 124.

semisulphurea, Staint., 125.

Lycena Beetica, taken near Brighton, Ixxix.

Lymnas, note on, 6.

Lyropteryx Appollonia, Westw., 109.

Lyra, Saund., 109.

Margarodes unionalis,a new British species, Ixxxviii.

Mesosemia, notes on, 4.

Micra parva, a new British Noctua, xlii.

Necyria Hewitsonii, Saund., 106.

Manco, Saund., 107.

Tapaja, Saund., 108.

185

LEPIDOPTER A—continued.

Noctua flammatra, a new British species, ]xxix.

Nonagria Bondii, Knages, cxxxiii.

Notodonta bicolora, a new British species, xxxvi.

Nymphidium, note on, 4.

@ceophora subganomella, Staint., 119.

Ornithoptera, capture of a new species of, Ixx.

Ornix albifrons, Staint., 122.

Panara Barsacus, note on, 9.

Pandora Prola, habits of, xxii.

Papilio Aineas, and allies, note on, 839.

Aneides, note on, 345.

Aglaope, note’on, 343.

Anchisiades, and allies, note on, 338.

Antenor, capture of, cxviii.

Ariarathes, note on, 336.

Autosilaus, note on, 348.

Belus, Cram., note on, 227.

Bolivar, note on, 342.

Caudius, note on, 1.

Cinyras, note on, 347.

Chabrias, note on, 543.

Choridamus, and allies, note on, 336.

Columbus, note on, 348.

Crassus, Cram., note on, 227.

Dolicaon, note on, 348.

Echelus, note on, 344.

Echephron, Bates, 345.

Ergeteles, note on, 344.

Hierocles, note on, 341.

Hippason, note on, 337.

Tlus, and allies, note on, 339.

Lycidas, Cram., 228.

Lycophron, note on, 347.

Lysander, note on, 343.

Numitor, Cram., 228.

Olivencius, Bates, 345.

Orellana, note on, 343.

Orsillus, note on, 346.

Pausanias, note on, 380.

Podalirius, and allies, note on, 348.

Polycaon, note on, 346.

Polydamus, Linn., note on, 228.

Protesilaus, note on, 348.

Sesostris, note on, 339.

Thoas, and allies, note on, 346.

Torquatus, notes on, 1, 347.

Triopas, note on, 343.

VOL, V. N.S. PT. x.—ocT. 1861.

186

LEPIDOPTERA—continued.

Papilio Ulyssinus, Westw., Ixxiii.

Varus, Kollar, note on, 228.

Vertumnus, note on, 340.

Zacynthus, note on, 346.

Zagreus, and allies, note on, 348.

Parasia apicipunctella, Staint., 119.

Pterophorus brachydactylus, taken in Cumberland, Ixxix.

Psyche roboricolella, a new British species, lvi.

salicolella, a new British species, lvi.

tabulella, a new British species, lvi.

Siderone Mars, Bates, cxii.

Sphinx Pinastri, said to have been captured at Romsey, cvi.

Stathmopoda pedella, capture of, cxxii.

Symmachia, note on, 5.

Syrmatia, note on, 8.

Theclida, notes on, 10.

Tharops, note on, 5.

Thyridopteryx Sierricola, White, xxxii.

Tinea Gigantella, Staint., 221.

longicornis, Staint., 113.

purpurea, Staint., 221.

rutilicostella, Staint., 221.

Trochilium Musceformis, eapture of, cxxii.

Zeonia, habits of, 7.

NEUROPTERA.

Apochrysa beata, Walk., 184.

Ascalaphus decrepitus, Walk., 197.

flavilinea, Walk., 197.

intractabilis, Walk., 196.

leucostigma, Walk., 195.

sublugens, Walk., 196.

unicus, Walk., 195.

Berotha, characters of, 186.

insolita, Walk., 187.

Chrysopa ignobilis, Walk., 183.

Mozambica, Walk., 184.

pubicosta, Walk., 183.

Cloeon debilis, Walk., 199.

Curgia, characters of, 179.

braconoides, Walk., 179. :

Drepanepteryx falculoides, Walk., 185.

Ephemera dislocans, Walk., 198.

Hemerobius decisus, Walk., 185.

setosulus, Walk., 186.

Tasmania, Walk., 186.

Hermes corripiens, Walk., 180.

decemmaculatus, Walk., 180.

Leptocerus abjurans, Walk., 177.

187

NEUROPTERA—continued.

Leptocerus niveistigma, Walk., 176.

quadrifurca, Walk., 177.

Libellula pectoralis, a new British species, ]xxxix.

Limnophilus borealis, a new British species, cxxxviii.

griseus, note on, 176.

Macronema percitans, Walk., 177.

Mantispa compellens, Walk., 181.

-lurida, Walk., 181.

umbripennis, Walk., 181.

Musarna, characters of, 178.

aperiens, Walk., 178.

claudens, Walk., 179.

interclusa, Walk., 178.

Myrmeleon albidilinea, Walk., 189.

ambiguus, Walk., 192.

conicollis, Walk., 188.

contractus, Walk., 192.

eccentros, Walk., 198.

excogitans, Walk., 190.

incuratus, Walk., 191.

indiges, Walk., 189.

insolitus, Walk., 194.

nigriventris, Walk., 188.

obducens, Walk., 190.

peculiaris, Walk., 194,

perplexus, Walk., 191.

pubiventris, Walk., 189.

trigroides, Walk., 187.

Neuroptera, characters of undescribed species in the collection of W. W.

Saunders, Esq., 176.

Osmylus punctipennis, Walk., 183.

Palingenia annulifera, Walk., 199.

continua, Walk., 199.

Phryganea divulsa, Walke, 176.

Polamanthus exspectans, Walk., 198.

Psocus reponens, Walk., 198.

Varnia, characters of, 182.

perloides, Walk., 182. -

ORTHOPTERA.

Blatta acervorum, a new British species, Ixv.

Mantis, habits of a species of, cxxxvi.

STREPSIPTERA.,

Myrmecolax, characters of, 419.

Nietneri, Westw., 419.

Strepsipterous insect parasitic in ants, 418.

Stylops, a contribution to the History of, 127.

LONDON:

PRINTED BY C. ROWORTH AND SONS,

BELL YARD, TEMPLE BAR.

GENERAL INDEX

THE FIVE VOLUMES COMPOSING THE SECOND OR

NEW SERIES

OF THE

TRANSACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS.

Nore.—Where the name only of an Insect is mentioned, the descrip

tion thereof is :eferred to.

The large Roman Numerals refer to the Volumes ; the Arabic figures to

the pages of the Transactions ; and the small Roman Numerals to

the pages of the Journal of Proceedings.

PAGE PAGE

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APHANIPTERA «.ee++eeeees 195 | HiyMENOPTERA ....<0-s eon Pelt

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ARACHNIDMctesiceesecvscs cs 195 | NEUROPTERA ‘sicisice'> sisioprelanne 4.0)

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@RUSTACEA) os sioleclecisisle sale 4e LOUlt SIEREPSIP Mei Avers co aielerets ieleter= 248

HIEMTe TER ates pa cielecieteleleres 225

GENERAL SUBJECTS.

Address, Anniversary, 1851, I., xlix.

1852, I., exxxi.

1853, II.; xl.

1854, II., cxlii.

1855, IIL., xviii.

=1856, IIT., exxxi.

1857, IV., xl.

1858; IV..,ici.

1859, V., xci.

1860, V., cxlvil.

President’s Inaugural, 1851, L., Ixv.

Alternation of generation in insects, I., 234, exiii; II., eviil.

Antenne, functions of the, III., exvii.

Anthemis cotula, insects reared from, IIL., xliii.

Ants’ nests, butterfly found in, V., Ixviil.

formed of mineral substance, V., exvil.

mode of capturing insects in, 1V., xil.

Aru Islands, Entomology of, IV., xci.

Associates, repeal of Bye-laws relating to, III., xci.

VOL. V. N.S. CC

190 General Index.

GENERAL SUBJ ECTS—continued.

Bee-hives, improvements in, IITI., xlii.

on a new construction, V., xvii, xxxv.

Bees, construction of cells, V., xvii, xxxiv, xxviii, xli,

drinking from a chalybeate spring, V., Ixxvill.

natural cross-breeding in, V., cxxvi.

toads destructive to, IT., cxxxi.

Books, scientific, the spirit with which they should be studied, ITI.,

Cxxi. ;

Breeding-cages, note on, II., xevile

British Butterflies, geographical distribution of, V., 229.

Sphingide, remarks on occurrence of rare species, V., cxix.

Bye-Laws relating to Associates repealed, III., xci,

Cape of Good Hope, Entomology of, V., lvi.

Carduus lanceolatus, insects reared from, III., xliv.

Catalogue of Coleoptera, proposed, IIL., Ixxx, Ixxxvil.

Caterpillars, poisonous, V., exvi.

Cells of bees, construction of, V., xvii, xxxiv, xxxviil, xli.

Champion, Lieut.-Col., obituary notice of, ILI, lui.

Chinese insects, observations on, I1., 25, 232, ii, vil.

method of driving away mosquitoes, II., xv.

taking honey from hives, II., cxxxix.

wax insects, II., xciii.

Chloroform, for killing insects, IT., cix.

for stupifying bees, IT., exxii.

Cholera, abundance of ‘‘ flies” during prevalence of, II., exxix.

Clavaria on Lepidopterous larva, ITI., xvi.

Cochineal insect, new kind of, LI., viii.

Cockroaches, method of destroying, II., viii, xilk

a word for, III., Ixxvii.

Coffee plantations, insects injurious to, V., lix.

Corn destroyed by Dipterous larve, 1V., v.

Cornus sanguineus, larva mining leaves of, II., exxvi.

Dahlias, cure for earwigs attacking, I., exvii, exxix.

De Haan, W., obituary notice, III., exxxii.

Doubleday, Edward, biographical notice, I., i.

Enlarged coloured figures of insects, remarks on, V., Ixvi.

Entomological students, difficulties of, 111, 84.

Entomologists treated as trespassers, III., xiv.

Excrement of insects, III., 18.

Ferns destroyed by Oniscus Armadillo, 11., exxxii.

Fertile workers of common honey bee, V., cxviii.

Fischer von Waldheim, Professor, death of, II., cl.

Fly-blight of Australia, protection from, IT., xxxvi.

Food, insects used as human, II., 241, xxxi, exxil.

Fossorial Hymenoptera, exterior nests of, V., lv.

Fungus on Heilipus brachypterus, IV., xevii.

Fungus-like excrescences on a caterpillar, II., xxi, cxix.

;

{

;

General Index. 191

GENERAL SUBJ ECTS—continued.

Galls, on Glechoma hederacea, II., exxxiv.

Rosa canina, 1V., xciv.

Gelatine for mounting insects on, I., vil.

Genera, observations on, IV., 113.

Geographical distribution of insects, I., cxxvii.

Germar, Dr., death of, II., exxili, cxlix.

Glechoma hederacea, galls on leaves of, I., exxxiv.

Gory, Hippolyte, death of, II., lin.

Grease in insects, cures for, II., xevi, ce, exxxix; III., iv, Ixxxiii,

Ixxxvii, cxli; V., exliv.

Hagen’s remarks on Hill’s ‘‘ Decade of Curious Insects,” II., cxx.

Hermaphrodite insects, I., xxxvi, xxxix, Ixxxii; II., xxxiv, CXxx, CXXXIV 3

US exxiv 3) Vi.) xxvil.

Honey, method of obtaining, without destroying bees or brood, V., Ixxv.

Hybrid insect, V., cxvi.

Ingpen, Abel, A.L.S., obituary notice, ITI., 1.

Insects, blind, in caves of Illyria, II., xevii.

corrosion of pins by, IV., Ixi.

covered with film, LIT., xvi, xvii.

difficulty in identifying, remedy proposed, II., xxx.

of preserving in United States, I., xlv.

distribution of the Society’s duplicates, III., Ixxxvi.

effects of certain agents on, I., 195, exxvill.

excrement of, III., 18.

exotic, caught in Britain, IT., xxvii, exxxv.

flying out at sea, IT., iv.

from Arctic regions, I., exiii, exvii, exxvii, Cxxvill.

impaled on thorns, I., xvi, xxxvi, Ixxix; II., ix, XXVil, XXxVill,

evi.

in amber, IV., xviii.

in geological strata, note on, III., xlvii.

in serpents, II., iv.

in the human body, IL, iv; JII., xxxiii.

inhabiting caves, I., 134.

injurious to apple trees, I., xv; II., exxii.

ash trees, II., exxxvi.

bamboo, II., i, xxii.

books, V., lix, Ixv.

eattle in Africa, II., xevi.

Chrysanthemum, II., exxx.

coffee plantations, V., lix.

corn, I, 107, exxix.

cotton plant, I., 158.

Dahhias, I., exvii.

elms, II., exxxvi.

ferns, II., cxxxii; III., ¢c.

figs, I., exiv.

GCE

192 General Index.

GENERAL SUBJECTS—continued.

Insects injurious to forest trees, III., cii.

Frencli beans, I., cxiv.

fruit trees, LII., xxvii, cix.

gun stocks at Weedon, I1., cxix.

macaroni, I., exiv.

mace, II., cxviil.

mustard, III., xxiv.

nothera speciosa in India, I., exxix.

peach trees, II., cxviil.

pear trees, I., iv, xv, xxxiv, Ixxxv, c.

pearl barley, 11., exxxv.

plum trees, II., exviii.

provisions, II., viii, xxxvii.

Rhododendrons, I., xvi.

Ribes sanguineum, I., xv.

strawberry plants, I., ]xxxil.

timber, I., exv.

tobacco, I., xlv.

turnips, I.,c; IL, eviii.

wine corks, I., exiv; II., vill, xvii, xxii, xxv.

method of killing and setting, IT., evi, cxv.

packing, II., exxxiv.

motion communicated to seeds by, III., xxviil, xxxiv, vin.

mouldiness in, IV., Ixi.

of West Canada, IV., Ixxiv.

phosphorescence in, ILI., v, xxxiv.

photographs of, III., xxxvii.

power of life in, I., exvii, cxxviii.

preservation of specimens, II., xevi.

taken by Dr. Livingstone, IV., Ixx.

far at sea, I., xlv.

used as human food, II., 241, xxxi, exxii.

winter, of New York, I., xcv.

Inula dysenterica, insects reared from, I1I., xliv.

Jarman, Rev. D., death of, ILI., exxxi.

Juncus glomeratus, Coleophora reared from, III., xly.

Kirby, Rev. W., memoir of, L., xix.

Klug, Dr., death of, LV., xl.

Lamb, C., death of, TV., xlii.

Lancey, W., death of, II., cxlviii.

Larve of the gnat, tenacity of life of, V., Ixxx. |

Lepidoptera, preparation of, 1V., xxxii.

Library and Cabinet Committee’s Report, 1850, I., Ix.

1851, I., clxvi.

1852, II., xe.

1853, II., cliti.

1854, IIL., Ixxii.

General Index. 193

GENERAL SUBJECTS—continued.

Library and Cabinet Committee’s Report, 1855, IIL, cliv.

1856, IV., lit.

1857, IV., exiv.

1858, V., |.

1859, V., ci.

1860, V., exlvi.

Mannerheim, Count, death of, IIT., liv.

Mould in insects, apparatus for destroying, IT., 19.

Muller, P. W. J., death of, IL., iii.

Muscardine in silk worms, I., xxxix.

prevalence of, among caterpillars in 1853, II., cxxxiii.

Musquito tobacco, composition of, 1V., Ixvi.

Mussel-scale blight, proposed as subject of prize essay, II., cvi, cxiv.

Nets for protection from attacks of flies, II., xxxvi.

Newport, George, F.R.S., obituary notice of, III., li.

Oak-galls, made by a new British Cynips, III., xxxv, xl, Ixxvi, Ixxxviil,

CXIV, CX1X, CXXXVi.

species of Trochilium and Cynips reared from, III., xxi.

Oil obtained from cockchefers, I., xcix.

Onward progress of Entomology, how may it be furthered? IV., 38,

Parasitic insects, I., 43, 57, xiv, xxxvi, ciii; IL., 83, 125, 141, 248, v,

ix, CXXiV, CXxx, cxxxv, exxxvili; IV., 115; V., 127, 418, 419, cxl.

Pistacia lentiscus, insects reared from, III., xlv.

Poison with laurel leaves, [V., xxiii.

Pollen, bees feeding on, V., xxxviii, xl.

masses attached to insects, II., evi, exvill, Cxxvil.

Potato disease caused by insects, II., xxxv, exxil.

President’s Address. See ‘‘ Address, Anniversary.”

Priority in nomenclature, disputed case of, V., xxi.

Prize Essay on the Duration of Life in the H oney-bee, II., 145, xu,

° XXXIX.

Natural History of the Cocci injurious to Fruit

Trees, IL., evi.

for 1854 and 1855, III, i.

for 1856, IV. ix.

Pseudogynous Lepidoptera, note on, LV., Ixxii.

Pupa-cases, membranous lining of, V., exl, exliv.

Recent progress of Micro-Lepidopterology on the Continent, IV., 82,

Rhododendrons and their enemies, V., ]xxxv.

Rosa canina, galls on, IV., xciv.

Scutellar depression, LV, Ixvii.

Senecio Jacobea, Diptera reared from, III., xliv.

Siam, Coleoptera of, III., ex.

Silk called ‘‘ Tsatlee,” how produced, I., ciil.

new kinds of, II., exxii.

of Saturnia Cecropia, I11., xevi.

of the Eria, difficulty of unwinding, ILI., xvi, xxxi.

Indian method of preparing, LiL., Ixxvi.

194 General Index.

GENERAL SUBJ ECTS—continued.

Silk-felt, produced by Saturnia Pavonia-media, III., xii, exi.

Silk-worm, the ‘‘ Eria,”’ III., viii.

new food for, II., xxii.

Silken web, new kind of, I., i.

Soap-suds, putrid, attractive to moths, II., xx, xxx.

Solier, M., death of, IT., lit.

Sound produced by insects, II., xeviii.

Species, on the persistence of, V., xxix.

“Specimen Faunz Subterranee,” by Schiédte, I., 134.

Spheria in Lepidopterous larve, III, xx.

Spinola, Marquis, death of, IV., cii.

Stephens, J. F., death of, IL., xxxviii.

disposal of collections, II., Ixxxix.

library, I1., cxiv.

labours of, II., xlvi.

remarks respecting his collection, II., 229, cxili,

Sting of a scorpion, effect of, IV., Ixiv.

bees, II., 113,

Sugar, new method of using, as a bait for moths, II., xxx.

Tarsi, structure of, IV., Ixiii.

Thompson, W., death of, I1., 1.

Toads destructive to bees, II., cxxxi.

Treasurer’s Account for 1850, I., Ixii.

1851, I., elxvii.

1852, IL., xci.

1853, IT., cliv.

1854, ILI., xxii.

1855, IIT., clvii.

1856, IV., liv.

1857, IV., exv.

1858, V., li.

1859, V., cii.

1860, V., elxviil.

Tropics, small Coleoptera in the, ILI., xciv.

Walckenaer, Baron, death of, IT., li.

Wallace, A. R., loss of his collections, II., xxix.

Wasp’s nest, fact connected with the history of a, V., Ixxxvi.

Wax insects of China, account of, IL., xciii.

Whitfield, Thomas, death of, II., exxxix.

Wing, William, F.L.S., obituary notice of, ILL., xlix.

neuration of, traced by adaptation of camera obscura to micro-

scope, III., cvi.

rays of insects, III., 225.

veins of insects, IV., 60.

Yarrell, William, death of, IV., xxiv.

obituary notice, 1V., xli.

ee a ne es =

General Index. 195

APHANIPTERA.

Flea belongs to this order, IIT., citi.

economy of, IIL,, ciii.

Pulex imperator, a new species, IV., Ixx.

proved to be the young larva of a Blatta, V., Ix.

APTERA.

Acari, in Daguerrotypes, LV., iv.

on hay, III., xxiv.

nuisance of, IV., ix. :

silk spinning of the furze, III., exiii.

Pediculus, a species of, used as human food, II., 244,

Melitte, note on, II., 4.

ARACHNIDA,

Blothrus Speleus, I., 149.

Epeira Senegalensis, habits of, 1V., xiii.

silk of, IV., xiv.

xebrata, nest of, I., cxxvili.

Method of preserving, III., xeviii.

Mygale preying on birds, III., xcix, exxxviii.

Nephila, strength of the web of a, V., xxxiil.

Spiders, gigantic, in India, II., xxxy.

nests, curious, II,, xiii.

remarks on, L[., cviil.

silk, of St. Helena, IV., iii.

the lost, [V., ii.

Stalita tenaria, I., 148.

* COLEOPTERA.

Abreus granulum, new British species, V., Ixii.

nigricornis, new British species, V., xiv.

Acalolepta pusio, 1V., 247.

Acalyptus Carpini, new British species, I., Ixxxi, xevill.

Acantholophus Adelaide, III., 76.

planicollis, I1I., 78.

Achlainomus (n.g.) ebeninus, IT., 179.

Aconodes montanus, IV., 107.

Acrocyrta clytoides, LV., 44.

Acylophorus glabricollis, new British species, V., Ixxvi.

Adelotopus ephippiatus, I1I., cxxvii.

rubiginosus, III., exxviil.

gomorphus remotus, V., 29.

fEgus levicolle, I11., 54,

punctiger, ILI., 55.

‘Erenea cognata, V., 36.

terrena, V., 36.

trigona, IV., 247.

196 General Index.

COLEOPTERA—continued.

Agapete carissima, I., 84.

Agathomerus Sallei, V., 153.

Agelasta irrorata, 1V., 100.

Agnia fasciata, V., liv.

Agra, sexual distinctions in the genus, IV., x. }

Akiptera semiflava, I., 83.

Alphitopola maculosa, 1V., 251.

Ammecius brevis, new British species, V., ¢xxxvil.

Ampedus lugens, note on, III., 222.

nigrinus, note on, III., 223.

subcarinatus, note on, III., 224.

tristis, capture of, in Scotland, IL., CXIV.

Amphionycha albina, 1V. 256.

cephalotes, 1V., 257.

circumeincta, V., 54.

vittata, 1V., 256.

Amycterus crenicollis, III., 79.

Dohrnii, IUI., 79.

Anisotoma nigrita, new British species, V., Ixii.

Anommatus 12-striatus, note on, IIL., xevi, xcix.

Anobium paniceum, destructive to pearl barley, IL., exxxv.

note on, I., exiv.

Anomearthria (n. g.) c@ruleopennis, U., 191.

Anomesia dolosa, V., 53.

fulvida, 1V., 256.

Anthicus bimaculatus, new British species, V., cv.

Apate Bambuse, note on, II., ii, xxi.

Aphadii, flying by night, IV., xxvii. . :

Apion Curtisii, note on, IIL., exvi, cxxx,

Aplotarsus cothurnatus, III., 16, 224.

maritimus, III., 15, 224.

Apomecyna atomaria, 1V., 253.

binubila, 1V., 253.

frenata, IV., 107.

nigrita, V., 49.

Ara@ocera Coffee, feeding on mace, II., exviil.

Arrhencdes mazillosus, capture of, at Camden Town, V., Ixxii.

Arrhenotus Wallacei, 1V., 242.

Articerus angusticollis, 11I., 275.

Brasiliensis, I1I., 277.

curvicornis, LII., 275.

dilaticornis, III., 276.

selipes, III., 276.

Astathes decipiens, V., 46.

divisa, V., 47,

externa, V., 46.

purpurea, 1V., 108.

eee

eer eae el a NESE a

General Index. 197

COLEOPTERA—continued.

Astathes simulator, LV., 44.

straminea, 1V., 108.

terminata, IV., 109.

Asthenorhina Turneri, I11., 63.

Athemistus, characters of, V., 49.

Athous campyloides, note on, III., xc.

rhombeus, larva of, III., 35.

Atomaria, revision of British species, LV., 64.

analis, IV., 78.

apicalis, LV., 78.

atra, IV., 74.

atricapilla, IV., 72.

basalis, IV., 76.

Berolinensis, 1V., 73.

elongatula, IV., 67.

Serruginea, IV., 66.

fimetarii, IV., 67.

fuscipes, 1V., 71.

fuscula, IV., 73.

gutta, EV. .74:

Hislopi, 1V., 77.

linearis, 1V., 67.

mesomelas, LV., 75.

munda, 1V., 76.

nigripennis, LV., 76.

nigriventris, 1V., 69.

peltata, Ve. 1105

pusilla, 1V., 71.

ruficornis, LV., 79.

umbrina, IV., 68.

versicolor, 1V., 80.

Attelabus Curculionoides, economy of, II.,

Augomela dives, Wi.;, lode

elegans, III., 256.

hypochalcea, I1I., 255.

iridea, III., 254,

ornata, V., 157.

pretiosa, III., 256.

pyroptera, III., 254.

Australica Bartoni, III., 245.

cingulata, III., 245.

circumfusa, III., 251.

crassicornis, III., 249.

Curtisii, I1I., 243.

fulvilabris, III, 247.

geniculata, III., 248.

ioptera, I11., 246.

198 General Index.

{

COLEOPTERA—continued. |

Australica Mac Leayii, III., 244. |

maculicollis, IL1., 246. /

pallida, III., 248.

pulchella, I1I., 250.

ruficeps, III., 247.

vittata, III., 250. ?

Bagéus ? an apparently new British species, V., cxxvili. j

Baris laticollis, note on, I., xvill.

Bathyscia Byssina, I., 141.

montana, I., 141.

Batrisus angulatus, 111., 273.

venustus, capture of, IT., xxv.

Bembidium nigricorne, new British species, V., cv.

Bimia femoralis, I., 82.

Bledius, new British species of, 1V., xxx.

unicornis, note on, LY.,, lvii.

Blemmya bifasciata, 1V., 43.

humeralis, I[V., 99.

Whitei, 1V., 42.

Bolbocerus mobilicornis, method of capturing, LII., xi.

Bolitophagus reticulatus, larva of, I1I., 36. i

Bostrichide, notes on the habits of, V., 218. ;

Brachelytra of Hong Kong, note on, II., vii.

Brachinide of Hong Kong, note on, II., 233.

Brachonyx indigena, new British species, V., ¢xxill.

Brachopsis concolor, 1., 79.

st tt: a PS,

eer

Brachytria gulosa, I., 83.

pulcherrima, V., 28.

Bradycellus harpalinus, new British species, V., cxxxviil.

Brontes planatus, capture of, IV., xxxiv.

Bruchus, observations on the species of, V., exiii.

Bryaais atriventris, I11., 270.

quadriceps, III., 270.

strigicollis, III., 269.

Bumetopia oscitans, 1V., 252.

Cacia concinna, IV., 10),

confusa, 1V., 101.

inculta, 1V., 102.

Newmanni, 1V., 102.

picticornis, 1V., 249.

setulosa, IV., 101.

triloba, V., 44.

Cacostomus squamosus, IIL., 211. /

Calandra? larva used as human food, IIL., 243.

Callia chrysomelina, V., 45.

Calliaspis Bohemani, V. 159.

Callichroma Faldermannii, If., 111.

General Index.

COLEOPTERA —continued.

Callichroma Thomsoni, V., 24.

trogoninum, V., 24.

Callidium sanguineum, capture of, I., Ixxxi.

striatum, capture of, L., xxxiv.

Callirhipis Championii, II., 235.

Templetonii, I1., 234.

Calodera riparia, new British species, V., xiv.

Calpazia vermicularis, LV., 93.

Campylocnemus Schreteri, structure of, II., 11.

Cantharoenemis Downesii, 1V., 236.

Capnolymma Stygia, IV., 266.

Carabide at Hong Kong, notes on, LI., vii.

Carabus Blakistoni, 1V., Ix.

glubratus, feeding on worms, IIL., xlv.

intricatus, capture of, ILL., xvii; 1V., xxviil.

Cardiophorus formosus, III. 15, 224.

Carterica cinctipennis, 1V., 263.

Caryoborus Bactris, \arva in palm seeds, III., xxv.

Cassida, of the Linnzan collection, V., exli.

Catorama Tabaci, note on, L., xlv.

Catorantha carinata, V., \xiv.

Caulophilus sculpturatus, V., 368.

Caulotrupis Chevrolatii, note on, Vin sid.

conicollis, note on, V., 378.

impius, note on, V., 376.

lacertosus, note on, V., 376.

lucifugus, note on, V., 377.

opacus, note on, V., BYE

subnitidus, note on, V., 376.

terebrans, note on, V., 377.

Ceragenia sericata, V., 16.

Cerambyx aureipennis, V., Ixxxiv.

consocius, V., 20.

demissus, V., 21.

egenus, IV., 236.

fulvidus, IV., 236.

macilentus, V., 20.

micaceus, LV., 237.

morosus, 1V%, 92.

venustus, V., 19.

vernicosus, V., 19.

versutus, V., 20.

Ceratorhina Passerinii, I1I., 62.

Smithii, III., 62.

Cereopsius eroletus, 1V., 105.

histrio, V., 43.

marmoreus, LV., 105.

200 General Index.

COLEOPTERA—continued.

Cereopsius putronus, V., 43.

Cerosterna hispida, 11., 112.

Cetonia @nea, larva of, habits of, J., xxxv, xcvi.

note on, II., xxxiv.

Cetoniide@, new species of, III., 61.

Ceutorhyncus Syrites, a new British species, V., cxxiv.

tarsalis, a new British species, V., cxxv.

Chetectetorus spinipennis, II., 203.

Chetosoma Scaritides, 1., 172.

Chalcolampra acervata, I1I., 184.

chalybeata, III., 185.

constricta, ILT., 182.

18-gutlata, III., 186.

parallela, I1I., 183.

pustulata, ILI., 181.

repens, ILI., 184.

simillima, III., 185.

thoracica, III., 183.

Chalcomela eximia, III., 260.

illudens, III., 259.

insignis, III., 259.

sulcata, I1I1., 258.

Cheilorena, characters of, V,, 254.

Westwoodii, V., 255.

Chelotonyr (n. g.) Batesii, I1., 189.

Cherrus, note on, IIL, iti.

Chinese Coleoptera, note on, I., civ.

Cholovocera Madera, L., vii.

Chrysomela, Monograph of Australian species, I1L., 170, 241,

cerealis, note on, I., xciv.

luteicornis, III., 262.

nitidipennis, I1I., 262.

orphana, III., 263.

pacifica, III., 186.

sapphira, III., 262.

Cicindelide, of Hong Kong, note on, II., 232.

Cisside, notes on British species, V., 200.

Cis affinis, V., 208.

alni, V., 206.

bidentatus, V., 206.

boleti, V., 202.

cornutus, V., 208.

festivus, V., 205.

fuscatus, V., 205.

glabriculus, V., 208.

hispidus, V., 204.

micans, V., 204.

General Index. 201

COLEOPTERA—continued.

Cis nitidus, V., 207.

pygmaeus, V., 209.

villosulus, V., 203.

Cladognathus gracilis, TII., 47, 203.

picipennis, ILI., 202.

Clytellus (n. g.) methocoides, If., 240.

Westwoodii, 1V., 97.

Clytus ascendens, Wosezuc

Balyi, V., 27.

Bowringii, V., 28.

cruentatus, 1V., 239.

mustela, 1V., 239.

Sappho, L¥., 239.

viverra, 1V., 240.

Walkeri, V., 27.

Coccinella Reppensis, capture of, II., iv.

Cockchafers, weight of, I., exix.

oil obtained from, [., xcix.

Collyrodes, characters Of Vig os

Lacordairei, V., 25.

Colobothea Fryi, V., 52.

longimana, V., 52.

luctuosa, V., 53.

Colobus sericeus, II., 111.

Colophon Thunbergit, IIL, 198.

Westwoodii, I11., 197.

Conosoma pedicularium, new British species, V., Ixxii.

Coptomma variegatum, capture of, in England, I., Ixxxil.

Coptops nanus, V., 39.

Corticaria, revision of British species, V., 134.

crenulata, V., 135.

cylindrica, V., 139.

genticulata, V., 136.

elongata, V., 140.

ferruginea, V., 141.

fulva, V., 137.

fuscula, V., 144.

gibbosa, V., 142.

pubescens, V., 134.

serrata, V., 138.

Wollastoni, V., 143.

Cosmiomorpha (n. g.) modesta, i295

setulosu, LII., 70.

Cossonides, on the Atlantic, V., 362.

Cossyphodes Wollastonii, I., 170.

Cratonychus castanipes, captured in Britain, I1I., xli.

202 ; General Index.

COLEOPTERA—continued.

Cratonychus niger, note on, III., 223.

Crioceris Adonis, V., 150.

Bakewellii, V., 151.

Slavipennis, V., 151.

pulchella, V., 152.

Cryphalus abietis, new British species, V., ev.

binodulus, new British species, [V., xxvi.

fagi, new British species, V., cv.

Cryptocephalus imperialis, new British species, 1V., Ixxxvii.

nitens, capture of, III., citi.

variabilis, new British species, IV., ]xxxvii.

Cryplodus, descriptions of species of, IV., 1.

caviceps, IV., 6.

paradorus, 1V., 2.

passaloides, LV., 5.

piceus, IV., 2.

politus, 1V., 4.

Tasmannianus, TV., 3.

variolosus, IV., 2.

Cryptostetha marmorata, 1V., 350.

Ctenicerus castaneus, capture of, I., c.

larva of, III., xl.

Cubicosomus (n. g.) Whitei, I1., 181.

Curculionide, new genera and species, II., 172.

Cychramus fungicola, new British species, V., cxxiv.

Cyclomela nitida, III., 257.

Cyclosomus insularis, habits of, I., civ.

Cylindrepomus comis, 1V., 241.

letus, IV., 241.

peregrinus, LV., 241.

Dasyo improba, IV., 254.

lineata, 1V., 254.

Dendrophilus pygme@us, capture of, LV., xxvi.

Denops personatus, note on, I., civ.

Deretaphrus, note on, III., Ixxxix.

Deuteromma callidioides, 1V., 98.

mutica, V., 25.

testacea, IV., 111.

Diachromus germanus, capture of, V., exxvil.

Dialeges pauper, 1V., 47.

Dicronocephalus Wallichii, I11., 69.

Dicronorhina micans, I11., 61.

Dictyopterus Aurora, new British species, I., xxxix,

Didymocantha cylindricollis, V., 18.

thoracica, 1V., 98.

Dinarda Maerkelii, capture of, IV., xxv.

Dinodes Maillei, new British species, III., eviil.

Senge A

ee ewan

General Index. 203

COLEOPTERA — continued.

Diotima, characters of, V., 57.

undulata, V., 58.

Diphyllocera gemellata, I1I., 176.

Dircea disculor, new British species, I., exiii,

Dirphya, new genus, LV., 262.

Dohrnia miranda, note on, IITI., Ixxxix.

Dolichotoma gloriosa, V., 160.

Donacia, notes on British species, V., 212.

Comari, new British species, V., exxviil, exxxill.

obscura, new British species, V., Ixxxiil.

Dorcadion? spinipenne, 1V., 252.

Dorcasta crassicornis, 1V., 264.

oryx, 1V., 264.

Dorcatoma chrysomelina, new British species, V., CXXVil.

rubens, capture of, TV., XXVl.

Dorcus? luteus, I1T., 218.

murginalis, I1I., 53.

ohscurus, IIL., 52.

Pelorides, IIT., 220.

striato-punctatus, III., 51.

striatus, IIT., 53.

vicinus, III., 51.

Doryphora Batesii, 1V., 343.

bella, IV., 341.

Bohemanni, IV., 346.

catenuluta, LV., 348.

cruciata, V., 153.

De Gandei, V., 154.

flavocineta, 1V., 349.

fleauosa, IV., 342.

Hebe, IV., 344.

irrorata, LV., 348.

Javeti, 1V., 342.

mirabilis, LV., 341.

18-guttata, 1V., 349.

Sheppardi, IV., 343.

simulans, IV., 347.

spectabilis, 1V., 341.

subglobosa, 1V., 346.

Thomsoni, IV., 347.

trivittata, 1V., 345.

vespertina, 1V., 345.

Whitei, 1V., 348.

Wollastoni, 1V., 344.

Dorysterna cruentata, LV., 339.

festiva, IV., 340.

pretiosa, 1V., 340.

204 General Index.

COLEOPTERA—continued.

Dorysterna tibialis, 1V., 339.

Dorytomus, new species of, I., xvi.

Doubledaya (n. g.) viator, I., xii; IL, 1.

Drepanoderes (n. g.) fuscus, II., 187.

viridifasciatus, Il., 186.

Drilus flavescens, larva of, V., ix.

Driopea clytina, IV., 244.

Dryophila Anobioides, capture of, I., xvi.

note on, II., iv.

Drypta emarginata, capture of, ILI., xcix, ciil.

Dynamostes audar, 1V., 90.

Dynastes Mars, capture of, IV., Ixxxvi.

Dysthata, characters of, V., 31.

anomala, V., 31.

Ectatosia Moorei, 1V., 109.

Ecthea, new genus, IV., 250.

Ectemnorhinus (n. g.) viridis, Il., 185.

Ectinus aterrimus, ILL, 12, 222.

? gagates, IJI., 12, 222.

Elater Gibboni, 1V., 51.

Jansoni, 1V., 52.

longicollis, economy of, III, xlv.

nigrinus, III., 14, 228,

Elateride (n. g.)? puncto-lineatus, III., 13.

British, critical remarks on, III., 10, 222, Ixxxv.

feeding on Aphides, III., ex.

notes on the species in the Stephensian cabinet, V., 88.

proposed monograph of, IIT., Ixxviii.

Elytrosphera vittata, 1V., 350.

Emus hirtus, captured at Southend, V., xxx.

Enaptorhinus (n. g.) Sinensis, 11., 180.

Enchoptera apicalis, I., 77.

nigricornis, I., 77.

Entelopes brevicollis, note on, IV., 46.

ioptera, LV., 108.

Wallacei, IV., 46.

Epania, new genus, IV., 237.

Epitrir atrope, new British species, V., cxxxi,

Epurea neglecta, new British species, V., Ixii.

Eremotes, characters of, V., 364.

crassicornis, V., 365.

Eris anthriboides, 1V., 110.

Eroschema, characters of, V., 17.

Poweri, V., 17.

Esmia, characters of, V., 55.

turbata, V., 55.

Eugeusis (n. g.) palpator, IT., 239.

orem Se

im em

General Index. 205

COLEOPTERA—continued.

Eulina Curtisii, 111., 180.

Eumathes undatus, IV., 251.

Euplectus sulcicollis, note on, ILI., xevi.

Eupeécila ochracea, 111., 73.

succinea, ILI., 74.

Eurychirus (n. g.) bituberculatus, IT., 183.

Eurypoda (n. g.) antennata, I1., 109.

Exocentrus hamaticollis, V., 37.

hispidulus, V., 37.

inclusus, V., 38.

Figulus Lilliputanus, 111., 219.

Galeruca Lawsonie, note on, I., cxxix.

Geodephaga, locality for, IL1., exi.

Glaresis (n. g.) Frivaldszkyi, I., 72.

Glenea blandina, 1V., 259.

collaris, 1V., 258.

commissa, V., 54.

despecta, 1V., 258.

detrita, 1V., 259.

ertensa, 1V., 258.

Fortunei, I1., 112.

pulchella, [V., 260.

relicta, 1V., 258.

rufina, LV., 259.

scapifera, V. 54.

verutor, LV., 260.

Glochinorhinus (n. g.) Doubleduyi, I1., 195.

Gnathocera Angolensis, I11., 65.

Gnorimus nobilis, larva in wood of cherry tree, [II., xxxvii.

Gnostus formicicola, I1I., 90.

Goerius olens, destructive to earwigs, I., cxvil, exxix.

Goliathus Cacicus, note on a living specimen, I., Ixxxv.

Drure@i, in its pupa case, I., xxxvi.

Golsindu infausta, V., 41.

tessellata, 1V., 49.

Gonioctenu flexuosa, V., 156.

Groo-groo worm of West Indies, account of, II., xxx.

Gyaritus hamatus, 1V., 244.

levicollis, V. 38.

Haltica erata, destructive to strawberry plants, I., Ixxxii.

Hamaticherus Heros, note on larva, 1., exv.

Haploglossa gentilis, new British species, V., Ixviii.

rufipennis, new British species, V., ev.

Harpalus cordatus, capture of, III., eviii.

Hathlia Buckleyi, 1V., 107.

grammica, V., 49.

murina, V., 50.

VOL. V. N.S. DU

Sipe

206 General Index.

COLEOPTERA—continued.

Hathlia procera, V., 50.

zebrina, LV., 252.

Helobia brevicollis, economy cf, I1T., xlv.

luminosity of, III., xxxiv.

impressa, note on, ILI., xl.

Helophorus intermedius, new British species, V., Ixxvi.

Hemilissa, new genus, IV., 238.

Hesthesis merens, V., 21,

ornata, I., 84.

Hesycha albilatera, V., 36.

Nyphonoides, V., 36.

Heterius quadratus, new British species, IV., xii.

Heterocerus fleruosus, V., 167.

fusculus, V., 166.

levigatus, V., 162.

marginatus, V., 165.

obsoletus, V., 164.

rectus, V., 168.

sericans, V., 166.

Heterorhina bicostata, I1I., 66.

notes on, II]., Ixxxiv.

Herarthrum, characters of, V., 366.

cupitulum, V., 366.

Hister marginatus, new British species, V., Riv.

Homalomelas zonatus, V., 28. :

Homalota confusa, capture of, 1V., Ixxvi.

imbecilla, V., xvi.

plumbea, V., xv.

subterranea, new British species, V., cxxi.

Homeusa acuminata, capture of, IV., xxi.

Hoplionota Templetoni, V., 158.

Hybophorus (n. g.) rufotuberosus, II., 206.

Hydrobius, eggs of, I., xvii.

Hydrochus, revision of the synonymy of the species, II., 229.

carinatus, new British species, V., Ixxxiv.

Hydroporus Lapponum 2, new British species, V., xxxvil.

Hugrotus bisulcatus, note on, 11T., exvi, exxx.

Hylastes cunicularius, new British species, V., exxxviil.

rhodedactylus, capture of, I., xvi.

Hylecetus Dermestoides, habit of, ILI., xii.

Hylobius Abietis, destructive to fruit trees, II., exviii.

ravages of, in Scotland, V., exxix, ¢xxxiv.

Hypera Rumicis, pupa of, I., xxxvi.

tigrina, new British species, I1., xxv.

Hypselomus paganus, V., 35.

pupillatus, V., 35.

variolosus, V., 38.

eee eee

Gencral Index. 207

COLEOPTERA—continued.

Hypulus quercinus, capture of, II1., xvii.

Tole histrio, V., 45.

literata, 1V., 255.

longicornis, 1V., 255.

nigripes, IV., 255.

prolata, 1V., 254.

proxima, V., 45.

Ischnotes Bakewelli, V., 56.

Lemophleus Clematidis, new British species, 1V., ]xxix.

duplicatus, new British species, V., Ixii.

Lamellicornia, with exserted mandibles and 10-jointed antenna, me-

moir on, II., 59.

Lamprolina e@neipennis, I1f., 177.

grandis, I1I., 178.

perplexa, III., 261.

puncticollis, IIl., 179.

simillima, III., 178.

Lampyris, luminosity of, I., xliv.

Langelandia anophthalma, notes on, III., xevi, xcix.

Languria viator, I1., 1.

Larve, descriptions of, III., 33.

Lasiopexus Whitei, V., 30.

Lathridius, list of British species, V., 174.

Lebia crua-minor, capture of, II1., exxi.

Leiopus suffusus, V., 37.

Leipommata, note on, V., 394.

calcarutum, V., 395.

Lema cognata, V., 148.

De Gandei, V., 146.

Erichsoni, new British species, 1V., Ixxxvii,

Erycina, V., 147.

Fortunei, V., 148.

Hebe, V., 150.

oculata, V., 149.

variolosa, V., 146.

Leptinotarsa porosa, V., 155.

signatipennis, 1V., 352.

vittata, 1V., 351.

Leptoderus ungustatus, IL., xevil.

Hohenwartii, capture of, V,, ix.

sericeus, II., xcvii.

Leptosthethus (n. g.) marginatus, IL., 175.

Waltoni, IL., 177.

Lichas (n. g.) funebris, I1., 238.

Liparochrus fossulatus, I1., 70.

geminatus, II., 69.

sculptilis, I1., 70.

DD2

208 General Index.

COLEOPTERA—continwed.

Lissonotus Shepherdi, V., 16.

Lissotes Cancroides, III., 215,

crenatus, III., 216.

Menalcas, III., 214.

obtusatus, III., 217.

reticulatus, III., 218.

subtuberculatus, IL{., 215.

Lomaptera, note on the sexual differences in, V., evil.

Longicornia, Australian, descriptions of, I., 76.

new Chinese species, II., 109.

Lucanid@, new species of, III., 197.

Lucanus biplagiatus, 111., 200.

Cervus, malformation in, II., xxxvii.

Fortunei, III., 46.

Thibeticus, I\1., 199.

Ludius ferrugineus, capture of, III., xx, cili.

Lymexylon navale, notes on, I., xix, xxxiv, xxxvi.

Macronota fraternata, I11., 71.

regia, III., 72.

setipes, I1]., 73.

Macrones erilis, I., 78.

rufus, 1., 78.

Macrotoma gemella, V., 15.

Malachius gneus, economy of, ILI., xlv.

bipustulatus, economy of, III., xlv.

Mallodon figuratum, V., 14.

fulvipenne, V., 15.

Mecinus collaris, new British species, I., lxxxv, xevili, cil.

Mecynopus semivitreus, V., 56.

Megacephala, habits and synopsis of the species, II., 49.

Melée, note on, I., xvi.

Merioneda puella, 1V., 238.

scitella, 1V., 238.

Mesites, note on, V., 400.

complanatus, V., 401.

Euphorbie, V., 403.

Susiformis, V., 4085.

Maderensis, V., 403.

persimilis, V., 402.

proaimus, V., 404.

pubipennis, V., 406.

Mesosa columba, V., 40.

griseata, IV., 243.

perplexa, LV., 243.

Mesorenus Bewickianus, note on, V., 397.

Monizianus, note on, V., 396.

Meton Digglesii, V., 59.

General Index. . 209

COLEOPTERA —continued,

Meton granulicollis, V., 42.

Metopias bellicosus, III., 278.

Curculionoides, TIT., 278.

pacificus, ILI., 279.

Micromela cupripennis, ILI, 261.

Micropeplus, remarks on species of, V., cxliil.

Microtragus Amycteroides, V., 61.

Microrylobius, characters of, V., 378.

Chevrolatii, V., 383.

conicollis, V., 384.

lacertosus, V., 381.

lucifugus, V., 382.

terebrans, V., 383.

Westwoodii, note on, V., 381.

Monochamus Sartor, capture of, in London, IL., iv.

Menohammus angustus, 1V., 49.

aspersus, 1V., 48.

blattoides, [V., 48.

Bowringii, name proposed for a Longicorn, IV., xix.

curissimus, I[V., 104,

commiatus, V., 42.

eurialis, 1V., 246.

diophthalmus, IV., 49.

gravidus, [V., 245.

Grayii, V., liv.

hilaris, IV., 108.

infelix, 1V., 48.

luridus, IV., 47.

permutans, 1V., 103.

proletarius, [V., 246.

sobrius, IV., 246.

sutor, boring powers of, I., xxxiv.

vicinus, LV., 245.

Mononychus Pseudacori, capture of, IL., xxx.

Monotoma, British species of, 1V., xcvil.

Moron distigma, IV;, 249.

Mycetoporus angularis, new British species, V., xxxvil.

Myrmedonia cognata, capture of, LV., Ixxi.

Nebria nivalis, new British species, V., xxxvii.

Nemotragus cincticornis, 1V., 110.

Neostenus Saundersii, LV., 91.

Neozantha amicta, 1V., 45.

Noctiluca, a new British species of, IT., exxxvi.

Noémia flavicornis, LV., 111.

Stevensii, 1V., 11i.

Noserius tibialis, 1V., 95.

Notiophilus rufipes, capture of, I1L., exiii.

210 General Index.

COLEOPTERA—continucd.

Notocleu splendens, IIL , 262.

Notolophia dispersa, V., 47.

variabilis, V., 47.

Nyphona Bakewellii, V., 38.

insularis, V., 39.

pullata, V., 39.

Nyssicus, characters of, V., 17.

Oberea annulicornis, 1V., 261.

inclusa, LV., 261.

ophidiana, IV., 262.

rubetra, [V., 261.

sylvia, LV., 261.

umbrosa, 1V., 262.

viperina, 1V., 262.

Obrium ibidionoides, V., 26.

laterale, V., 26.

minutum, larva, where found, [., cxxix.

mestum, V., 26.

Ocalemia vigilans, 1V., 265. ;

Ochina Ptinoides, note on, II., v.

Ochodeéus Americanus, II., 66.

turidus, II., 67.

lutescens, II., 64.

pictus, II., 65.

rugatus, II., 67.

Ochthebius, revision of the synonomy of the species, II., 230.

Ocyusa ruficornis, new. British species, V., xiil.

Odontolabris emarginatus, I11., 49, 202.

Evansii, J11., 201.

nitidus, III., 47.

sinicus, III., 48.

Olenocamptus clarus, V., 44.

Olibrus oblongus, new British species, V., Ixiit.

Oligota atomaria, new British species, V., Ixii.

Omias sulcifrons, note on, IIL, Ixxxv.

Omotes erosicollis, I11., 57.

Onocephala metallica, 1V., 263.

picta, IV., 263.

Onychocerus albitarsis, V., 31.

Onycholips, characters of, V., 389.

bifurcatus, V., 394.

Opilus univittatus, new British species, V., xxxvui.

Oreodera cretifera, V., 29.

Oroderes humeralis, I., 81.

Ostedes, characters of, V., 43.

pauperata, V., 44.

Otiorhynchus seplentrionis, captured in Scotland, III., xxx ii.

General Index. 211

COLEOPTERA—continued.

Otiorhynchus sulcatus, economy of, III., ec.

Oxycephala imperialis, V., 1xxxviii.

Oxylymma, characters of, V., 21.

lepida, V., 22.

Oxupoda ? aterrima, V., xxii.

nigrina, V., XIV.

nigrofusca, V., xv.

spectabilis, new British species, V., xlvii.

Oxyrhynchus Fortunei, I1., 172.

Philippinensis, IL., 173.

Orystoma ulicis, notes on, I., Ixix, Ixxiv, cili.

Pachylocerus plumiferus, 1V., 96,

Pachypeza simplex, V., 55.

Paralina, characters of, V., 155.

Paromia Doreuvides, I., 168.

Pausside, on the habits of, f., ev; II., xxi1; IIL., exxi; V., il.

of Hong Kong, note on, II., vii.

new species and synopsis of the family, II., 84.

Paussus Afxelii, I1f., 82.

Audouinii, IL., 92.

Bohemani, I11., 83.

Chevrolatii, II., 93.

De Geerii, I1I., 82.

Dohrnii, I1., 93.

Germavi, I1., 94.

Humboldtii, UL., 90.

Natalensis, synonomy of, I., evi.

pacificus, II[., 81.

Schaumii, I1., 94.

Pempsamacra vestita, V., 57.

Pentarthrum, note on, V., 397.

cylindricum, V., 398.

Pentatemnus, characters of, V., 385.

arenarius, V., 288.

Penthea conferta, V., 40.

Saundersii, I[V., 103.

Pezicus (n. g.) binotatus, IT., 193.

Phacellocera Batesii, 1V., 242.

Phea acromela, 1V., 256.

miniata, 1V., 256.

Phemone, characters of, V., 48.

frenata, V., 48.

Philonthus fuscus, new British species, V., Ixxxiil.

Philus (n. g.) inconspicuus, TELL:

Phlaophagus affinis, V., 373.

caluus, V., 370.

caulium, V., 371.

Ee General Index.

COLEOPTERA—continued.

Phleophagus laurineus, V., 371.

piceus, V., 374.

simplicipes, V., 374.

sulcipennis, V., 369.

tenar, V., 370.

Phlyarus basalis, 1V., 245.

Phehe cretifera, IV., 260.

Phyllocharis cyanicornis, Lh.

cyanipennis, III., 174.

cyanipes, IIL., 172.

flecuosa, IIT., 175.

leoparda, III., 173.

nigricornis, IL1., 175.

Phymasterna conereta, 1V., 105.

Placoderes (n. g.) variegatus, I1., 184.

Plagiocorynus (n. g.) twberculatus, I1., 202.

Platychile pallida, suggestion respecting habits of, LL., xix.

Platymela sticticollis, I11., 241.

unilineata, III., 242.

Platynocephalus Hamiltoni, Ode

Platyprosapus Hopei, I1I., 50.

platymelus, III., 50.

Platystethus nitens, new British species, V., Ixii.

Pogonocherus fasciculatus, capture of, in Scotland, I., exxxvi.

Pogonus Burrellii, capture of, I., xvi.

Polyphrades, note on, III., ini.

Polyrhaphis Jansoni, V., 30.

Poropterus Chevrolatii, I1., 196.

Jekelii, II., 197.

Parryi, I1., 198.

Westwoodii, II., 200.

Porphyraspis pulchella, V., 159.

Porphyronota Sinensis, I1., 32.

Praonetha melanura, 1V., 106.

posticalis, 1V., 106.

Prionus fossatus, 1V., 90.

hydropicus, 1V., 91.

Proseicela Chevrolatii, 1V., 351.

spectabilis, 1V., 351.

Prostomis mandibularis, larva, III., 37.

Protetia intricata, I1., 31.

Prothema funerea, IV., 43.

signata, IV., 43.

Protopalpus Schonherri, IT , 192.

Psalidocoptus scaber, proposed name for a Longicorn, LIT., xeix.

Pselaphide, abstract of a memoir on, L., exix.

new species of, ILI., 268.

Se ee ee eee er ee

eee

General Index.

COLEOPTERA—continued.

Pselaphus Antipodum, II1., 274.

geminatus, Lil., 273.

Pseudoumela Murrayi, 1V., 88.

Natalensis, 1V. 88.

Pseudomorphu amaroides, III., exxvil.

Psilomerus? macilentus, 1V., 238.

Psilomorpha apicalis, V., 58.

tenuipes, I., 80.

Ptinella angustula, new British species, V., Ixiii.

Ratisbonensis, new British species, V., Ixiii.

tenella, new British species, V., Ixiii.

Pyrestes eximius, LV., 96.

hematicus, 1V., 97.

miniatus, IV., 97.

Pyrochroa pectinicornis, new British species, IIL., xvii.

Pyrophorus ?, luminosity of, LV., xx.

Pytho depressus, capture of, in Britain, I., xxxiv.

Quedius dilatatus, capture of, IV., xc.

habitat of, ILI., exii, exvii.

infuscatus, new British species, V., cxxxvii.

truncicola, new British species, V., cv.

Raphidia ?, habits of, V., Ixix.

Rhagiomorpha ezilis, V., 58.

Rhagium indagator, capture of, I., xxxiv.

Rhagonycha elongata, new British species, V., xxiii.

Rhaphuma placida, 1V., 240.

Rhipicera tessellata, I1., 236.

Rhipiphorus paradozus, observations on, V., Ixxxvi.

Rhizophagus, British species of, IV., xevii.

Rhomborhina Fortunei, 11., 30.

nigra, IT., 29.

Rhopalodontus perforatus, new British species, V., exxlii.

Rhyncolus crassirostris, V., 367.

truncorum, new British species, [V., Ixxv.

Rhytiphora cretata, V., 60.

polymita, V..; 60.

Ropica exocentroides, V., 61.

incana, V., 50.

piperata, IV., 248.

posticalis, 1V., 248.

preusta, V,, 5).

stiomatica, V., 51.

varipennis, V., 51.

Sagra, descriptions of new species of, V., 236.

tabular list of species of, V., 256.

Adonis, note on, V., 238.

bicelor, V., 249.

213

214 General Index.

COLEOPTERA — continued.

Sagra carbunculus, V., 244.

Dohrnii, V.,°253.

emarginata, V., 246.

Fabricii, note on, V., 238.

femorata, pupa case of, LV., xx.

formosa, note on, V., 238.

heterodera, note on, V., 238.

ignita, note on, V., 238.

Jansoni, V., 243,

Javeti, V., 240.

Kirbyi, V., 250.

lucida, V., 245.

Murrayi, V., 251.

nigrita, note on, V., 236.

Parryi, V., 247.

perlucida, note on, V., 237.

Petelii, note on, V., 236.

Pfeifferi, V., 239.

pygmeéa, note on, V., 238,

seraphica, noteon, V., 238.

splendida, note on, V., 236.

Stevensi, V., 241.

Weberi, note on, V., 238.

Saperda Bohemani, IV., 257.

erythaca, 1V., 257.

funesta, V., 53.

Saprinus immundus, new British species, V., xiv.

metallicus, new British species, V., xiv.

Sclerostomus caviceps, I11., 212.

costalus, I1t., 209.

Ditomoides, I11., 208.

femoralis, U1., 209.

hastatus, L11., 205.

nevtragus, L1I., 207.

Scolytide, notes on the habits of, V., 218.

Scolytus destructor, note on, V., xxiv.

notes on larva, 1[., 83, cxxxvt.

on the ravages of, V., ili.

pruni, new British species, V., Ixxit.

rugulosus, new British species, 1V., Ixxx.

Scopadus ciliatus, 1V., 100.

' Scortizus maculatus, LII., 210.

Sebasmia, characters of, V., 18.

Templetoni, V., 19.

Serixia apicalis, 1V., 45.

modesta, 1V., 45.

Sitaris humeralis, observations on, V., xxx.

— ae aD tall

LE OL GOEL MO PORN UO EY

General Index.

COLEOPTERA —continued.

Solenogenys, characters of, V., 170.

Jeda, V.,17).

Spherites glabratus, capture of, III., exii.

Stagobius troglodytes, I., 146.

Staphylinide, capture of rare species, I11., xlvi.

larve feeding on worms, IIL., xlv.

Stegenus dactylon, 1V., 104.

Stenoderus labiatus, V., 24.

maculicornis, I., 79.

quietus, 1V., 53.

Slenolophus elegans, capture of, LV.) Ixxix.

Stenotis, pote on, V., 399.

acicula, V., 400.

Stenus, British species of the genus, IIT., 136.

215

notes on species described by Kirby and Stephens, III, 143.

opticus, new British species, V., Ixxii.

palustris, new British species, V., xlvii.

picipennis, new British species, V., xiv.

proditer, new British species, V., Ixii.

Stephanops nasutus, I., 81.

Sternacanthus picticornis, 1V., 95.

Steropus madi lus, with a Filaria attached, IL., eviii.

Stethomela poroptera, II1., 253.

prasina, IIT., 252.

submetallica, I1I., 252.

Sthenias Bondii, V., 48.

dorsalis, 1V., 251.

Strangalia Fortunei, 1V., 265.

Streptocerus speciosus, I1L., 204.

Stromatium alienum, LV., 95.

Strophosomus limbatus, feeding on Rhododendrons, V., xxvii.

Symbiotes latus, new British species, V., xlvil.

note on, V., liv.

Symphyletes cinnamomeus, V., 59.

lateralis, 1V., 250.

maculicornis, [V., 250.

metutus, V., 40.

sodalis, V., 41.

Sympiezoscelus (n.g.) Spencei, IL., 204.

Synaptonyx (n. g-) ovatus, II., 188.

Synelasma bufo, 1V., 248.

Tachinus laticollis, new British species, V., Ixxxiil.

Tachyporide, list of British species, 1V., Ixxxiii.

Teniodera ornata, II., 3}.

Temnosternus dissimilis, V., 69.

Tetralophus sculpturatus, L1., 174.

Thranius, characters of, V., 22.

216 General Index.

COLEOPTERA—continued.

Thranius bimaculatus, V., 23.

gibbosus, V., 23.

Throsci, grooves in the eyes of, [V., Ixviii.

Tmesisternus gratiosus, LV., 99.

lotor, V., Ixxxiv.

Tmesorrhina Saundersii, I11., 64.

Trachodes hispidus, capture of, IIT., xx.

Trachys pygmea, note on, 1V., Ixxiv.

Triammatus Chevrolati, IV., 47.

Trichomesia, characters of, V., 18.

Newmanni, V., 18.

Trinedes hirtus, description of larva, V., Ixix.

Triodontus Owas, II., 74.

Tritocosmia Digglesii, V. 58.

paradoia, V., 56.

rubea, V., 24.

Trypanidius geminus, V., 29.

Tyrus humeralis, I11., 272.

spinosus, III., 271.

Velleius dilatatus, larva, II1., 33.

Xoanodera magister, 1V., 93.

trigona, 1V., 92.

Xyletinus serricornis, note on, I., xlv.

Zatrephus inscitus, 1V., 94.

pannosus, LV., 94.

Zuphium olens, new British species, 1V., Ixxxviil.

Zygocera barbicornis, V., 34.

bifasciata, V., 32.

complera, V., 34.

Mac Leavi, V., 32.

pentheoides, V., 32.

plumifera, V., 83.

pumila, V., 33.

CRUSTACEA.

Calanus brevicornis, 1V., 17.

communis, 1V., 16.

inconspicuus, LV., 14.

latus, IV., 15.

mirabilis, [V., 16.

penicillutus, 1V., 14.

Candace pachydactyla, 1V., 29.

Candona albida, I1T., 235.

Cephaloniscus Grayanus, V., xlviil.

Clytemnestra Atlantica, 1V., 31.

Copilia Atlantica, 1V., 32.

General Index. 217

CRUSTACEA—continued.

Coryceus styliferus, IV., 32.

Sutherlandii, 1V., 31.

Cyclops brevicornis, I11., 237.

Cypris australis, III., 234.

Brasiliensis, I11., 234.

Chilensis, II1., 234.

Donnettii, 111., 233.

Speciosa, ILI., 234.

Daphnia Brasiliensis, I11., 236.

granavia, ITI., 236.

spinifera, IIL., 236.

Diaptomus abdominalis, 1V., 28.

Brasiliensis, I11., 237.

dubius, LV., 27.

Entomostraca, collected in the Atlantic, [V., 8.

fresh-water, of South America, III., 232.

Eucheta Atlantica, 1V., 19.

Sutherlandii, 1V., 20.

Gammari, from a well at Brighton, Vere XXIXe

Gammarus subterraneus, found at Wandsworth, LV., iv.

Helocypris Atlantica, 1V., 34.

New or rare species, I., cii, CXill.

Niphargus Kochianus, capture of, V., exl.

Stygius, L., 150.

found in a well in England, II., exvi.

Oniscus Armadillo, in ferneries, note on, Il., CXXXil.

Palemon serratus, note on, IIL., cxviit.

Pontella setosa, LV., 30.

Rhincalanus cornutus, 1V., 18.

Sapphirina Dane, Vivo:

opaca, LY., 33.

stylifera, 1V., 34.

Titanethes albus, I., 153.

Undina Dane, IV., 21.

Helene, 1V., 25.

longipes, 1V., 23.

plumosa, IV., 24.

pulchra, 1V., 26.

DIPTERA.

Acanthina longicornis, 1V., 120.

porcata, IV., 120.

Achias, singular species of, V., 4 Wie

Agromyza invaria, LV., 232.

Pistacie, name proposed, III., xlv.

Anthomyia prolectata, Veco.

protrita, V., 317.

218 General Index.

DIPTERA—continucd.

Anthrax albirufa, 1V., 143.

angustipennis?, IV., 141.

argentilatus, 1V., 142.

combinata, 1V., 143.

commiles, 1V., 141.

conclusa, 1V., 139.

10-macula, IV., 139.

dorsalis, 1V., 138.

ineaacta, LV., 140.

latifascia, 1V., 142.

lineata, [V., 140.

lurida, IV., 139.

sobricula, IV., 144.

solita, 1V., 140.

subsenex, IV., 144.

irifigurata, V., 285.

Avicia circulutrix, V., 316.

ignava, IV., 217.

inducta, V., 316.

inscia, LV., 217.

procedens, V., 315.

rescita, V., 315.

Asilus firmatus, 1V., 130.

inamatus, V., 283.

mendax, LY., 130.

perrumpens, V., 283.

sericans, 1V., 130.

Shalumus, 1V., 131.

Asteia? tenuis, V., 331.

Atomosia sericans, V., 282.

Bengulia depressa, IV., 211.

Bibio birudis, V., 332.

criorhinus?, V., 331.

Zealandicus, 1V., 235.

Blow-flies, note on, II., 118.

Bombylius albavitta?, V., 286.

areolatus, 1V., 145.

Juriosus, V., 286.

Porborus Amazonicus, 1V., 222.

Bricinnia, characters of, V., 324.

Jlexivitia, V., 324.

Calliphora femorata, V., 310.

socors, V., 3ll.

Calobata bicolor, V., 327.

cyanescens, V., 327.

Cecidomyia bursaria, larva in leaves of ground ivy, II., exxxiv.

o> a

General Index. 219

DIPTERA—continued.

Cecidomyia, habits of a new species, I., ev.

7 note on Jarva of, I., xviii.

Ceratophya bicolcr, 1V., 151.

luridescens, 1V., 151.

Ceria cacica, V., 288. |

divisa, IV., 152.

Characters of undescribed species in the collection of W. W, Saunders,

Esqe; LV, 1195 190);. W.;, 268.

Charar, characters of, V., 325.

planidorsum, V., 325.

Chironomus nivoriundus, I., xevii.

Chrysochlora purpurea, V., 271.

Chrysomyia inclinata, V., 311.

Chrysopila basalis, V., 285.

trifasciata, V., 284.

Chyliza nigro-viridis, V., 330.

Clitellaria obesa, V., 270.

Calopa offendens, V., 320.

Cenosia intacta, V., 318.

Conops bipunctata?, V., 293.

macrocephala, note on, III., exvi.

nigra, note on, ILI., exvil.

observations on habits of, IV. 285.

Cordyligaster tipuliformis, 1V., 205.

Ctenophora atrata, note on larva, II., xxxvii.

Culex, annoyance from, in northern latitudes, T., xxxix, @Xxviil.

hyemalis, I., xevii.

Cynomyia auriceps, 1V., 209.

Cyphomyia simplex, V., 268.

Cyrtus orbifer, V., 276.

Dacus brevistriga, V., 322

incisus, V., 323.

pectoralis, V., 322.

squalidus, V., 323.

Damalis signatus, V., 284.

Dasypogon @qualis, 1V., 127,

decretus, V., 279.

gelascens, V., 277.

Grantii, L[V., 57.

inopinatus, V., 278.

inopportunus, V., 278.

proclivis, V., 277.

secabilis, V., 276.

suavis, 1V., 127.

Dexia albicans, 1V., 204.

eatrema, LV., 203.

Silipes, LV., 202.

220 General Index.

DIPTERA—continued.

Dewia pertectu, V., 307.

spinosa, 1V., 204.

Dichromyia? punctipennis, 1V., 225.

Dilophus desistens, V., 332.

Diopsis obstans, V., 329.

Discocephala divisa, V., 279.

interlineata, V., 279.

Dorycera? conspersa, IV., 221.

Drosophila dorsivitta, V., 330.

inversa, V., 331.

valida, IV., 232.

Dryomyxa cingulipes, 1V., 220.

maculiceps, V., 319.

Echinomyia albiceps, V., 295.

furiosa, IV., 194.

grossa, notes on habits of, I., ev.

ludens, V., 295.

platymesa, 1V., 195.

stolida, 1V., 195.

Elachipleron brevipennis, economy of, III., eviii.

Elaphomyia, characters of, V., 413.

alcicornis, V., 415.

brevicornis, V., 415.

cervicornis, V., 414.

polita, Vi, 4165

Wallacei, V., 414.

Empis reciproca, 1V., 147.

Ephydra brevis, 1V., 233,

lata, IV., 233.

nana, LV., 234.

oscitans, IV., 233.

Eristalis basiger, V., 290.

erpictus, V., 290.

Samiliaris, V., 290.

impositus, V., 289.

involvens, V., 291.

transpositus, V., 289.

Eurigaster commetans, V., 299.

cuprescens, 1V., 196.

desita, V., 299.

fertoria, V., 300.

habilis, V., 801.

languida, 1V., 198.

postica, V., 301.

saginata, V., 298.

Tasmania, 1V., 197.

Geron albidum, IV., 146.

ate os 2 a A TEA AN OD

General Index. 221

DIPTERA—continued.

Geron tenue, IV., 147. -

Glossina morsitans, the ‘‘ Tsetsé’’ of Africa, IT., xevii.

note on, LV., Ixxxix.

Gonia estroides, IV., 201.

Helomyxa bipunctata, V., 319.

gratiosa, V., 319.

lata, IV., 219.

marginalis, 1V., 220.

robusta, LV., 220.

Helophilus auratus, 1V., 153.

scitus, 1V., 152.

strenuus, IV., 152.

Herina decisa, 1V., 227.

delerminata, IV., 227.

divisa, 1V., 228.

intrudens, IV., 228.

nigritula, 1V., 228.

Hilara plebeia, 1V., 148.

Hippobosca viridipes, 1V., 235.

Hybos vittatus, V., 286.

Hylemyia fasciata, 1V., 217.

probata, V., 318.

Idia extensa, IV., 211.

simpler, IV., 212.

varia, LV., 212.

Jurinia debitrix, V., 296.

innovata, V., 296.

Lampria bitincta, V., 280,

cilipes, 1V., 128.

Lamproguaster lepida, 1V., 226.

Laphria abscissa, V., 282.

componens, V., 281.

formidolosa, V., 280.

fortipes, LV., 128.

triligata, V., 281.

Larve in walnuts, II., xxxiv.

voided by a gentleman, II., iv.

corn destroyed by, IV., v.

Lepidophora secutor, 1V., 145.

vetusta, 1V., 145.

Leptogaster cingulipes, 1V., 131.

Limnobia nigricola, V., 333.

stupens, V., 333.

Lomatia fascioluris, 1V., 144.

Lonchea albimanus, IV., 222.

discrepans, V., 322.

Loxocera? quadrilinea, V., 329.

VOL. V. N.S. EE

999 General Index.

DIPTERA—continued.

Loroneura Perilampoides, 1V., 226.

Lucilia basifera, 1V., 213.

inventrix, V., 312.

pinguis, LV., 213.

surrepens, V., 312.

Lycastris albipes, IV., 155.

Lydella cessatrir, V., 305.

? indita, V., 306.

Masicera alacris, V., 304.

albescens, 1V., 199.

disputans, V., 302.

expergila, V., 304.

gentica, V., 302.

incivica, V., 305.

inclinans, 1V., 199.

longiuscula, 1V., 198. -

necopina, V., 303.

Merodon torpidus, 1V., 153.

Michogaster basistriga, V., 328.

marginalis, V., 328.

Microdon testaceus, 1V., 152.

Midge, the winter, II., 117.

Morellia indecora, IV., 215.

Mosquitoes, Chinese method of driving away, I1., xv.

Musca perlata, V., 314.

ruficornis, 1V., 215.

sensifera, V., 314.

Mydas effracta, 1V., 126.

signata, IV., 126.

Nemopoda induans, V., 329.

Nemorea erythropus, V., 298.

intrita, V., 297.

stride, note on, L., Ixxvi.

Ophyra congressa, V., 317.

intendens, V., 316.

Opomyza signicosta, V., 330.

Ortalis alternata, V., 326.

bipars, V., 326.

leucomelas, V., 325.

Oscinis scita, 1V., 23).

Pachymyia jactans, LV., 210.

Pachyrhina nigrolutea, V., 334.

Pangonia atrifera, V., 272.

tenuirostris, V., 272.

Walkeri, 1V., 56.

?, note on, [V., Ixxxii.

Paragus signatus, V., 288.

pn ct OS ARB A

General Index. 223

DIPTERA—continued.

Philopota limosa, IV., 125.

Phora nebulosa, LV., 234.

urbana, expelled from the human body, IIL. 33.

Phthiria lineifera, 1V., 146.

lurida, IV., 146.

Phytomyza diminuta, LV, 2o06

solita, 1V., 232.

Pipiza divisa, 1V., 156.

dolosa, IV., 156.

pica, IV., 156.

Pipunculus translatus, LV., 150.

Platypalpus vicarius, IV., 148.

Psilopus hereticus, V., 287.

peractus, V., 287.

permodicus, V., 288.

solidus, V., 287.

unyulivena, IV., 149.

Ptilocera Natalensis, V., 268.

Pyrellia facilis, 1V., 214.

scordalus, V., 313.

specialis, V., 313.

suspicax, V., 312.

torpida, 1V., 214.

Rhamphomyia expulsa, LV., 148.

tristis, LV., 148.

Rhoga lutescens, 1V., 157.

Rhopalomera nebulosa, 1V., 225.

substituta, 1V., 225.

tibialis, 1V., 224.

Sapromyza apta, V., 321.

Sarcophuga conclausa, V., 309.

decedens, 1V., 207.

despensa, V., 309.

effrenata, V., 309.

fortipes, V., 310.

injuncta, LV., 208.

innota, V., 308.

intermutans, V., 308.

perneta, V., 308.

punctipennis, LV., 208.

subsericans, LV., 207.

Sargus rujibasis, V., 271.

subinterruptus?, V., 271. .

Saunders, W. W., characters of undescribed species in the Collection

of, 1V., 119, 190; V., 268.

Sceva pyrastii, note on, IL., xxvill.

Scatophaga Canadensis, 1V., 218.

224 General Index.

DIPTERA—continwed.

Sciomyza terminalis, 1V., 219.

transducta, V., 320.

Senostoma? punctum, 1V., 205. é

Silvius nitescens, 1V., 124.

Simulium ochraceum, V., 332.

Sophira distorta, 1Y., 230.

Stratiomys constricta, V., 269.

inanimis, 1V., 121.

pinguis, V., 270.

Syritta transversa, 1V., 153.

Syrphus colludens, V., 293.

subchalybeus, IV., 157.

Tabanus abscondens, V., 275.

alleripennis, V., 274.

bitinetus, LV., 123.

cingulifer, IV., 123.

commixtus, V., 273.

dorsifer, V., 273.

humillimus, LV., 124.

imponens, 1V., 122.

incipiens, V., 275.

mallophoroides, 1V., 123.

purus, V., 274.

unicinetus, LV., 122.

?, a pest on the Gold Coast, V., xix.

Tachina despicienda, V., 306.

nitidula, economy of, II., 82.

Tachydromia postica, 1V., 149.

vittipennis, 1V., 149.

Temnocera circumdata, 1V., 154.

integra, IV., 155.

trifascia, LV., 154.

unilecta, V., 292.

viridula, V., 292.

Tephritis, larva of a, destructive to Chrysanthemum, II., cxxx.

Tetanocera discalis, V., 321.

lateralis, 1V., 221.

pectoralis, V., 321.

Thereva avrida, 1V., 133.

scutellaris, 1V., 133. :

carnivorous habits of a species of, V., lix.

Tipula associans, V., 333.

dispellens, V., 334.

Trichocera brumalis, 1., xviii.

Trichophthalma albibasis, 1V., 134.

bivitta, 1V., 135.

letilinea, LV., 134.

ee ee

———.

—_

—

General Index.

DIPTERA—continued.

Trichophthalma primitiva, 1V., 134.

Trixa ? sejuncta, LV., 200.

Trupanea apivora, V., 282.

lateralis, V., 283.

lewcopyga, LV., 129.

venerabilis, 1V., 129.

Trypeta lutescens, LV., 229.

polygramma, V., 326.

sinica, 1V., 229.

tubifera, 1V., 230.

Tsetsé, venomous nature of, II., xevi, XCVIl.

Ulidiu ? fulviceps, 1V., 227.

Volucella aperta, V., 292.

Xylophagus hasipunctatus, 1V., 121.

Xylota subcostalis, V., 291.

HEMIPTERA.

Acanthosoma, notes on British species of, L., 109, 271.

ZEdnus ventralis, 11., 10.

Amphaces virescens, II., 14.

Anisoscelis rufiventris, L., 5.

Arilus nigricollis, eS.

Belostoma, flying out at sea, IL., iv.

Cercopis dimidiata, I., 11.

Sulviceps, I., 10.

Dinidor gibbus, IL., 18.

lineatus, II, 11.

Harpactor obscurus, eis

Mecidea Indica, II., 9.

linearis, LI., 9.

quadrivittata, ities Ds

Nematopus serripes, I., 4.

Oplomus elongatus, Te Os

Platymeris fulvipes, 1., 6.

Ranatra gracilis, I; 10;

pilipes, I., 9.

Sciocoris Australis, IIL., 7.

Scutata (Hemiptera), new species of, IL., 6.

Tropicoris latus, TE.12.

Urochela 4-punctata, eas

Urostylis notulata, ies 1

HOMOPTERA.

Aphides, abundance of, at Newcastle, before cholera, II., exxix.

secretion of, attractive to Lepidoptera, &e., U., exxi.

Aphis Quercus, note on, LV., xcvs

225

226 General Index.

HOMOPTERA—continued.

Cicada, exotic, found alive in England, I., exxvii.

hematodes, note on, LY., Ixv.

septemdecim, notes on, I., lxxx, ciil.

Cocci, notes on, I., xv.

prize offered for Essay on Natural History of, IL, evi.

Coccus arborum-linearis, destructive to fruit trees, ILI., Ixxvit.

Fabe@, a new cochineal insect, II., vill.

pela, wax secreted by, 1V., xxxiil.

Sinensis, the wax insect of China, II., xev, cxvi.

Dorthesia Characias, parturition of, IV., v.

Fulgora candelaria, Lepidopterous parasite on, I., xxxvi; II., v.

Notonecta glauca, habits of, IV., xe.

Phyllomorpha Livingstonii, 1V., 1xxi.

Thrips, injurious to roses in Australia, IT., evi.

Typhlocyba Filicum, new species, injurious to ferns, LI., exxxil.

Umbonia spinosa, used as human food, II., 242.

_ Urophora Hardwickii, note on, IL., vii.

HYMENOPTERA.

Abispa, note on, L., 180.

Ancistrocerus deflendus, II., 141.

Sflavopunctatus, I., 36.

Anthidium cordatum, habits of, V., x.

; nest of, III., exxx.

maculatum, new British species, II., eviii.

2, habits of, V., x.

Anthophorabia retusa, notes on, I1., 248, cxxx, cxxxv.

Ants, Brazilian, economy of, III., 156.

destructive to Cocci, III., x.

nests, Coleoptera inhabiting, IITI., 90.

Apis Ligustica, introduced into Britain, V., 1xxxvili, cxxvi.

Aulucus, new species of, I., 222.

Anthophora

Bees, honey, Chinese method of taking honey from, IT., cxxxix.

chloroform for stupifying, IL., cxxu.

destroyed by toads, IL., exxxi.

drone-eggs laid in worker-cells, II., cxxxvi.

duration of life in, II., 145.

fertile workers of, V., cxvill.

fond of water, II., 116.

junction of swarms of, IT., cxvii.

monstrosity in, II., xxv.

new enemy to, III., Ixxxii.

note on, IJ., 115.

queen reared from worker-brood, I., exiii.

observations on, III., 187.

South African, IIT., Ixxxi.

leaf-cutter, note ov, I1., 116.

)

General Index.

HY MENOPTERA—continued.

Bees, mode of opening snapdragons, I., xxxviis

moss-earder humble, note on, II., 113.

sting of, IL., 113.

Bethylus depressus, new British species, V., Ixv.

Bombi, impaled on thorns, I., xvi.

parasites of, V., cxl.

Bombinatrices, habits of, I., Ixxxvi, cix, exvili.

Bombus arcticus, new British species, I., citi.

atripes, II., 44.

breviceps, II., 44.

Derhamellus, note on nest of, I., cxi.

eximius, I1., 47.

flavescens, II., 45.

Sunerarius, IL., 47.

hemorrhoidalis, 11., 43.

nasutus, II., 44.

nivalis, captured in Scotland, I1., xxv.

rufofasciatus, II., 48.

simillimis, II., 48.

trifasciatus, II., 43.

tunicatus, I1., 43.

Bred specimens of Hymenoptera, note on, I., xvi.

Calosoter vernalis, parasitic on Ptilinus pectinicernis, LL, 83.

»?P ’

Capitonius bifasciatus, I., 225.

Cataulacus (n. g.) Guineensis, IL., 225.

parallelus, I1., 226.

Taprobane, I1., 225.

Cerceris xonalis, II., 35.

Chalcidide, in nests of an Osmia, I1., xxxiv.

Chalcidoma celocera, nest of, III., exxix.

Cheiropachus quadrum, parasitic on Scolytus destractor; 11, 83,

Chelostoma florisomnis, habits of, IV., xxvii.

Chrysis, new British species, I., xvi.

Coleocentrus, observations on, I., 12.

Crabro, new British species, L., xvi.

Cremastus Buoliana, I1I., 60.

Cryptocerus, monograph of, IL., 213.

Ai thiops, 11., 216.

Araneolus, \1., 223.

argentatus, II., 218.

cordatus, II., 219.

discocephalus, I1., 222.

D’ Orbignyanus, I1., 218.

dubitatus, II., 216.

elegans, I1., 222.

JSemoralis, Lr 2195

pubescens, LI., 223,

2a?

228 General Index.

HY MENOPTERA—continwed.

Cryptocerus unimaculatus, II., 223.

Cryptus purpuratus, If., 33.

Cynips lignicola, new British species, III , cxiv.

longipennis, larva of, I., exiil.

palliceps, ILI., xxi.

new British species, III., xxxv, xl, Ixxvi, Ixxxvii, cxix.

Dorylus, habits of, V., xxviii.

Eciton crassicornis, III., 163.

curvidentata, III., 162.

hamata, III., 160.

legionis, III., 164.

rapar, III., 163.

simillima, III., 164.

vagans, III., 162.

Eumenes decoratus, I1., 36.

quadratus, I1., 37.

tinctor, nest of, IIT., exxviii.

Evania and allied genera, memoir on, [., 213.

Evaniide, economy of, I1I., xxi.

Fenus, new species of, I., 217.

Formica brunnea, 1V., 278, Ixxxviii.

congerens, IV., 278.

cunicularia, IIT., 103.

note on, I., Ixxxii.

flava, III., 108.

Juliginosa, ILI., 105.

fusca, III., 104.

graminicola, note on, I., Ixxxii.

nigra, III., 109.

rufa, III., 100.

sanguinea, III., 101.

umbrata, ILI., 106.

Formicide, British genera and species, III., 95; IV., 274.

Hemiteles formosus, V., 211.

Hornets, note on, I., Ixxii.

Hyleus gibbus, 1., 59.

hyalinatus, economy of, II., 84.

rubicola, I., 58.

non-parasitic, II., x.

versicolor, I., 58.

notes on, I., 43, xii, c.

Hylecthrus Sieholdii, I1., 142.

Icaria guttatipennis, nest of, IIT., exxix.

Ichneumon paludator, I11., 44.

Isle of Wight, captures in, I., ec.

Iswara luteus, I., 232.

Lamprocolletes bipectinatus, LV., xxxi.

General Index. 229

HYMENOPTERA—continued.

Larrada 2, nest of, V., lv.

Lestis eratus, I., 180.

bombylans, 1., 179.

Lyda fasciata, note on, ep xVie

Macrus, observations on, I., 12.

Megalyra, new species of, I., 225.

Megischus, new species of, I., 229.

Melittobia Acasta, economy of, II., 248.

Meranoplus petiolatus, L1., 224.

Mischocyttarus lubiatus, nest of, III., cxxixs

Monodontomerus, economy of, IL., Xvill.

Monomachus, notes on species of, L., 216.

Myrmecina Latreillii, LII., 1382; IV., 284.

Myrmica acervorum, IIl., 124; IV., 280.

caspitum, II1 , 122; 1V., 279.

denticornis, III., 120; 1V., 279.

domestica, I1I., 130.

fiavidula, &c., capture of, TY. XXIV °

fugaz, II1., 127; IV., 283.

graminicola, III., 126.

levigata, III., 130.

levinodis, I1I., 118; IV., 279.

lippula, new British species, LV., Ixxxix.

lobicornis, LV., 279.

longiscapa, III., 122.

molesta, 1V., 284.

nitidula, new British species, IV., Ixxxix.

Nylanderi, 1V., 280.

pallidula, IV., 282.

ruginodis, III., 116; IV., 279.

scabrinodis, III., 115; IV., 279.

simillima, LII., 129.

sulcinodis, III., 119; IV., 279.

unifasciata, ITI., 128.

Westwoodii, 1V., 281.

Myrmosa nigriceps, I., 69.

Natal, habits of Hymenoptera of, V., ix.

New species, [I., 33.

Nomada armata, capture of, III., xvii.

new British species, I., xvi.

Odynerus parietum, economy of, III., 43.

(Ecodoma cephalvtes, used as human food, IL., 242.

Ophion undulatum, new British species, I., vi.

Orectognathus (n, g.) antennalus, II., 228.

Osmia parietina, development Ol Ulu

Panurgus ursinus, habits of, II., exl.

230 General Index.

HYMENOPTERA—continued.

Paragia Odyneroides, I., 42.

tricolor, I., 41.

Pelopeus chalybeus, economy of, III., 42.

habits of, V., x.

nest of, III., exxix.

Pezomachus, economy of, III., xlvi; V., 209.

Pison regalis, 11., 34.

Polistes Lanio, nest of, I., 176.

sulcatus, II., 38.

Pompilus punctum, economy of, III., 41.

variegatus, capture of, in England, II., xxv.

Ponera contructa, I11., 118.

Pseudomeria Greca, 1., 69.

Pseudomyrma bicolor, I11., 157.

cephalica, 111., 168.

elegans, III., 159.

maculata, III., 158.

. nigriceps, II]., 159.

oculata, III., 159.

pallida, III., 160.

sericata, III., 159.

termitaria, III., 158.

testacea, III., 158.

unicolor, III., 158.

Pteromalus, species parasitic on Oxystoma ulicis, L., citi.

Raphigaster Guineensis, nest of, I11., exxix.

Raphiglossa Eumenoides, I,, 72.

Odyneroides, I., 72.

Rhopalum tibiale, note on, I, xv.

Rhynchium flavo-marginatum, II., 35.

ornatum, II., 36.

Sapyga 4-guttata, economy of, III., 42.

Selandria sericans, new British species, I., Ixxxv.

Sirex duplex, injurious to Scotch firs, 1V., xevi.

proportion of sexes, IL., iii.

Sphex Lanierii, nest of, V., lv.

Stenumma albipennis, III., 134.

Westwoodii, III., 134.

note on the genus, III., xcii.

Stephanus, note on, I., 227.

Synagris calida, nest of, IIT., exxviii.-

mirabilis, nest of, III., exxviii.

Tapinoma erratica, III., 111.

polita, III., 112.

Tenthredo cingulata, capture of female, III., xvii.

Trichiosoma lucorum, I., Ixxvi, Ixxxii.

Trigona leviceps, note on, LV., xevili.

a a.

General I adex.

HYMENOPTERA — continued,

Trigonalys compressa, I., 176.

species of, I., 231.

Trogus Pepsoides, TI., 33:

Tryphon nigriceps, new British species, IT., CXXXVi.

Trupoaxylon, economy and habits of, IIL, 42; LV., Ixxvi'

Vespa Britannica, note on larva, IL., xxxiv.

Crabroniformis, II., 40.

decora, Il., 41.

ducalis, II., 39.

magnifica, I1., 45.

Mandarinia, II., 38.

obliterata, 1L., 47.

vulgaris, hybernation Of Vie cixe

Wasp, seven Stylopites in one, IL., ix.

social, note on nest of, I., 177.

Wasps killing flies, note on, Les Wa.

mason, note on, II., 114.

nests, material of, III., xviii, xix, xxv, lv.

note on, II., 114.

Xylocopa appendiculata, I1., 41.

pictifrons, I1., 42. ; °

rufipes, I1., 42.

violacea, capture in England, T1I., eviii.

LEPIDOPTERA.

Abraxas? ribearia, habits of, I., cvi.

Acentropus Garnonsii, capture of, III., xxiv.

Achcrontia Atropos, found in a bee-hive, IV.,, Ixx.

squeaking in pupa state, I., xIvi.

variety of larva, UES xix.

Acidalia herbariata, new British species, V., xil.

Acrobasis rubretibiella, new British species, V., XXXVlil.

Adela cuprella, capture of, I., Ixxxi ; IL, xi.

Laurella, I11., 290.

Natalensis, V., 222.

Adolias, monograph of, V., 62.

Aconthia, V., 62.

Adima, V ., 76.

Adonia, V., 67.

Alpheda, V., 66.

Ambalika, V., 74.

Anosia, V., 65.

Apiades, V., 77.

Cocytina, V., 75.

Cocytus, V., 76.

Confucius, Wiest Oe

Coresia, V., 82.

931

232

General Index.

LEPIDOPTERA—continued.

Adolias Dirtea, V., 84.

Dunya, V., 84.

Durga, V., 80.

Epiona, V., 79.

Evelina, V., 7d.

Francia, V., 81.

Garuda, V., 64.

Gopia, V., 73.

Hesperus, V., 85.

Iva, V., 78.

Jahnu, V., 74.

Japis, V., 73.

Kanda, V., 69.

Kardama, V., 80.

Kesava, V., 67.

Lubentina, V., 67.

Lutala, V., 7).

Mahadeva, V., 68.

Merta, V., 72.

Monima, V., 86.

Nara, V., 78.

Nesimachus, V., 83.

Nicea, V., 83.

Palguna, V., 70.

Parta, V., 63.

Pelea, V., 86.

Phemius, V., 65.

Pulasara, V., 71.

Puseda, V., 71.

Ramada, V., 69.

Sahadeva, V., 80.

Salia, V., 69.

Sananda, V., 76.

Sancara, V., 78.

Sedeva, V., 68.

Sikandi, V., 75.

Siva, V., 85.

Telchinea, V., 77.

Tenta, V., 81.

Trigerta, V., 72.

Vasanta, V., 77.

Echmia oculatella, capture of, I., xciv.

Stanneella, I., vi.

Agdistes Bennettii, larva of, 1V., xvi.

Agrias, notes on, V., 2.

Hewitsonius, V., exi.

Pericles, V., exi.

FO es a ee

General Index.

LEPIDOPTERA—continued.

Agrias Sardanapalus, V., exi.

Agrotis Ashworthii, I11., XCiV.

lunigera, capture of, I., xxxix ; II., xxvil ; IIT., ciii.

saucia, from Venezuela, I., v.

suffusa, from Venezuela, I., v-

Aleucis pictaria, capture of, L., xiii; II., exiv.

Anarsia candida, V., 114.

Geniste, food of larva, III., xcii.

Anarta cordigera, economy of, III., xcvi.

Anatole, note on, V., 5.

Anchylopera Upupana, capture of, IL., xvii.

Anesychia Stella, III., 290.

Anthocharis Cardamines, variety of, TII., xxxvil.

Anthrocera Vilipendule, variety of, IIL., citi.

Anticlea berberata, note on larva, II., xxx.

Antispila Pfeifferella, IV., 268.

Rivillei, 1V., 269.

Treitschkiella, IV., 268.

Apatura Iris, varieties of, 1V4, xc.

Aphomia anella, new British species, I., xxxv.

Aplota palpella, food of, II., exvill.

Arctia Caja, hermaphrodite, I., XXXVI.

variety of, LV., Ixii.

Horsfieldi, 1., 162.

Argynnis Euphrosyne, varieties of, IIT., ii, iv ; IV., xevii.

Lathonia, capture of, I., xvii; HL, xxxvil, Ixxxix.

Paphia, varieties of, TENG ii; iv:

Asopia nemoralis, new British species, We exxx.

Asychna eratella, capture of, III., citi.

economy of, IIL, XC1X.

Atkinsonia, characters of, V., 125.

Clerodendronella, V., 125.

Baits for moths, II., xx, xxx, cxxii.

Bedellia somnulentella, natural history of, II., 207.

Bombyx, cocoons containing two pup®, I., xxxix.

larva-case of a Tinea attached to, I., xlvii.

Cynthia, introduction into Italy and Malta, IIL., viii,

XXXVill, XCl.

Bondia Nigella, I11., 289.

Borys silacealis, taken in Isle of Wight, 1V., xxv.

urticalis, economy of, II., vill.

Boydia criniferella, III., 292.

Bryophila perla, economy of, LV., viii.

larva of, II., 117.

Bucculatrix Cidarella, capture of, I., XCiv.

cristatella, I., vi.

Butalis triocellata, V., 120.

233

XXVill,

234 General Index.

LEPIDOPTERA —continued.

Butterflies, habits of Amazonian species, IT., 253.

Eastern, II[., ]xxxi.

method of finding larve, II., evil.

Caerois chorineus, note on, V., 4.

Callimorpha Hera, captured in England, IIT., exxv.

Callithea Batesii, I., 99.

Godurtii, note on, I., vi.

Sapphira, economy of, V., 3.

Calydne, notes on, V., 9.

Caradrina Alsines, note on, III., cil.

blanda, note on, ILI., ciii.

cubicularis, larva injurious to grapes, 1V., xxi.

Carpocapsa saltitans, V., Xxvil.

Castulo Doubledayi, IV., 55.

Jatagramma Astarte, note on, I., 100.

Catephia alchymista, new British species, V., xlni.

Catocala, manner of sitting, IL., exxxviil.

Catoptria Albersana, habit of larva, I1., exvii.

Cemiostoma Laburnella, habit of larva, Iv, ciil.

Wailesellu, a new species, V., xxi.

a new species, V., XXvil.

Cerata Servillana, capture of, IT., xvii.

Ceromitia Wahlbergi, V., 222.

Cerostoma albofasciella, V., 114.

rugosella, V., 1138.

Charis, note on, V., 8.

Cheimatobia brumata, ravages of larva, V., xxxi.

Chilo cicatricellus, new British species, I1., xxvii.

mucronellus, capture of, I., xviii.

Chimabacche Cinderella, III., 288.

Cherocampa Celerio, capture of, I., xxxix ; IL., exiil.

note on larva of, III., exv.

Nerii, captured in England, II., xxxiv.

Choreutes vibrana, new British species, II., exxx.

Cleogene Peletieraria, captured in Ireland, IL., cxxxv.

Clerome Arcesilaus, 1V., 183.

: Busiris, 1V., 187.

Eumeus, 1V., 188.

Faunula, 1V., 186.

Phaon, 1V., 185.

Stomphaz, 1V., 186.

Cloantha conspicillaris, capture of, III., Ixxxix.

Clostera anachoreta, capture of, V., Ixxvil.

Cochylis Francillana, note on, I., xcv.

Coleophora albitarsella, natural history of, II., 79.

Alcyonipennella, natural history of, II., 79.

Ardeepennella, V., 410,

General Index.

LEPIDOPTERA —continued.

Coleophora Artemisiella, V., 409.

binotupennella, new British species, IT., exxxe

conspicuella, capture of larva, II., xxi.

deauratella, capture of, II., xxx.

235

hemerobiella, food of larva, I., xv, xxxiv, Ixxxv; II., xxv.

Inule, new British species, L., ci.

Melilotella, V., 408.

Onosmella, food of larva, II., xxv.

Paripennella, note on, I., Ixxxv.

politella, V., 410.

Wilkinsoni, V., 411.

Wockeella, larva of, IL., exxvii; IV., xii.

reared from Juncus glomeratus, I1., xlv.

Coriscium orientale, III., 301.

substriga, notes on larva, II., 99, 107.

Cosmopleryx, new British species of, I., ii.

éneella, V., 124.

Asiatica, V., 122.

semicoccinea, V., 123.

Zieglerella, food of larva, II., exxvill.

Crambus uliginosellus, I., vi; IL., xxvi.

Crymodes templi, habits of, II., xxii.

Cryptoblabes Rutilella, food of larva, III., xci.

Cucullia Verbasci, note on, I., cxxx.

Cybdelis, note on, V., 4.

Cynthia Cardui, variety of, III., xc.

Danais Daos, note on, I., xxxv, xXxvi.

Deilephila Celerio, capture of, I., xxxix ; II., exiii.

note on larva of, III., exv.

Dalii, 1V., 54.

lineata, captured in Ireland, II., xeviil, cix.

Depressaria assimilella, food of larva, I., vii.

atomella, food of larva, L., ciii.

capreolella, capture of, II1., ix.

emeritella, food of larva, II., xxviii.

Lewinella, Ill., 291.

Libanotidella 2, new British species, 1V., xxvi-

food of larva, IL, xxvii.

Melesella, III., 291.

? Ricinella, V., 110.

Ricini, V., 115.

Zizyphi, V., 115.

Diasemia Ramburialis, new British species, V., xxxix.

Dictyopteryx uliginosana, capture of, IIT., exil.

Digging for pupz, observations on, IT., cix.

Diphthera Orion, capture of, I., exvii.

Dircenna Duillia, 11., 247.

236 General Index.

LEPIDOPTERA—contin wed.

Discophora Zal, IV., 188.

Ditula angustiorana, notes on, L., iv, Ixix, xev.

Drepana Sicula, capture of, IV., xxii.

Drusilla catops, 1V., 181.

Horsfieldii, 1V., 181.

Mylecha, I., 175; IV., 182.

Phorcas, IV., 182.

Selene, 1V., 181.

Urania, LV., 180.

Elachista, aberrant species of, IV., 267.

notes on species of, I., 21, 24.

remarks on the economy of, III., 85.

abbreviatella, 1V., 299.

adscitella, IV., 310.

aire, 1V., 808.

albifrontella, 1V., 298.

anserinella, IV., 319.

apicipunctella, IV., 298.

arundinella, 1V., 306.

atricomella, I1V., 300.

Bedellella, 1V., 303.

biatomella, IV., 315.

bifasciella, IV., 309.

bistictella, 1V., 323.

Briinnichella, 1V., 270.

food of larva, III., evi.

cerussella, 1V., 314.

taken in cop. with E, rufosinerea, I., xvi.

chrysodesmella, 1V., 313.

cinctella, IV., 310.

cinereopunctella, 1V., 299.

cingillella, 1V., 312.

collitella, 1V., 318.

consortella, 1V., 307.

constitella, 1V., 320.

contaminatella, 1V., 314.

cygnipennella, 1V., 322.

natural history of, II., 210.

disemiella, 1V., 316.

dispilella, LV., 317.

dispositella, 1V., 305.

dispunctella, 1V., 316.

eleochariella, 1V., 315.

extensella, 1V., 304.

festucicolella, IV., 321.

Jflavicomella, 1V., 300.

Suscochreella, 1V., 322.

General Index. 937

LEPIDOPTERA—continued.

Elachista gangabella, 1V., 312.

Gleichenella, 1V., 297.

Gregsoni, IV., 302.

griseella, 1V., 305.

grossepunctella, LV., 321.

Helvetica, 1V., 301.

Holdenella, 1V., 302.

humilis, 1V., 306.

incanella, LV., 304.

Kilmunella, IV., 301.

luticomella, 1V., 300.

magnificella, LV., 297.

Megerlella, 1V., 311.

natural history of, II., 210.

Miuhligiella, 1V., 323.

nigrella, LV., 302.

nitidulella, 1V., 321.

nobilella, 1V., 297.

obliquella, 1V., 311.

obscurella, IV., 305.

occultella, I., vii.

ochreella, LV., 322.

perplezella, 1V., 308.

Poa, a new species, ITI., xiii; IV., 309.

pollinariella, LV., 317.

pollutella, 1V., 321.

pullella, LV., 308.

quadrella, 1V., 296.

rectifasciella, [V., 304.

revinctella, 1V., 310.

Rhynchosporella, 1V., 315.

Rivillei, suggested name for a species mining vine leaves,

TS Site

rudectella, 1V., 320.

rufocinerea, 1V., 319.

taken in cop. with E. cerussellu, I., xviii.

salicis, IV., 323.

serricornis, LV., 313.

stabilella, LV., 303.

Staintoni, food of larva, I., viii, xvi.

subnigrella, 1V., 307.

natural history of, II., 210.

subocellea, LV., 318.

teniatella, IV., 312.

economy of, IV., xi.

testaceella, food of larva, II., xxx.

tetragonella, 1V., 296.

VOL. V. N.S. EE

238 General Inder.

LEPIDOPTERA —continued.

Eluchista trapeziella, 1V., 296. |

capture of, II., xxx.

triatomea, 1V., 317.

triseriatella, LV., 320,

capture of, ILI., xxxiv.

tristictella, 1V., 323.

utonella, 1V., 314.

gzonariella, 1V., 311.

Emesis, note on, V., 5.

Endromis versicolor, capture of, IEI., Ixxxix.

habit of, [II., cxvii.

Entometa obligua, an Australian Bombyr escaping from cocoon in

England, III., exiv.

Ephestia Ficella, note on, I., cxiv.

Ephyra, hybrid specimen of, V., exvi.

Epicalia and Myscelia, sexes of one genus, II., iv.

Epipyrops anomala, proposed name for parasite on Pulgora candelaria,

TL. ; Vv.

Erateina, observations on, and descriptions of new species, V., 261.

lineata, V., 265.

margarita, V., 266.

obscura, V., 266.

regina, V., 264.

sinuata, V., 263.

undulata, V., 263.

Erycina Amazon, V., 97.

Atahualpa, V., 101.

Batesit, V., 99.

Bogota, V., 98.

Calphurnia, V., 106.

Colubra, V., 103.

Eryzo, V., 104.

Etias, V., 102.

Heliconoides, V., 99.

Huana, V., 100.

Huasear, V., 101.

Ocollo, V., 105.

Saundersii, I1., 245.

Erycinide, pupe of, V., 6.

Eudioptes Indica, I., 163.

Eupithecia tenuiata, note on, I., xev.

ultimaria, new British species, I., eviii. |

Gastropacha Ilicifolia, a British species, I., ]xxxv, xciv. 4

Gelechia, memoir on British species, I., 14, 60, 101, 241, cxxx.

notes on species of, I., 23, 24, cxiv, xxix,

basaltinella, capture of, II., 27.

blandella, natural history of, IJ., 76.

General Index. 939

LEPIDOPTERA—continued.

Gelechia cerealella, abundant at Renfrew, L[., cxxviii.

contigua, natural history of, IL., 76.

Cornubia, new British species, V., xxxix.

costella, larva hybernating, II., iv.

fraternella, natural history of, IT., 76.

Hermannella, note on larva, IJ., 101,

? Hibisci, V., 117.

instabilella, food of larva, IJ., cxxvii.

lentiginosella, food of larva, II., exxvii.

note on, I., eviil.

leucomelanella, new British species, V., xxxix,

marginipunctella, V., 118.

neviferella, note on larva, II., 101.

ocellatella, new British species, V., xxxix.

? pubescentella, V., 117.

simpliciella, V., 118.

subocellea, notes on larva, I., xliv, xlvii, exvii.

Glyphipteryr Subella, III., 297.

Schenicolella, new British species, V., xl.

Glyphisia crenata, larva of, III., ix.

Gonepteryr Rhamni, economy of, IV., vii, xiii.

var. Cleopatra, V., exlili.

Goniodoma auroguttella, capture of, III., exii.

Gracilaria, memoir on the genus, I., 115, 183.

auricilla, V., 120.

auroguttella, natural history of, II., 124,

faleatella, V., 121.

Franckella, natural history of, IT., 123.

? Oenerostomella, I., vi.

Ononidis, capture of, I., xciv, ciii.

Phasianipennella, capture of, I., cxvii.

food of larva, If., exxviit.

stigmatella, natural history of, II., 124.

Syringella, note on larva, II., 99.

ustulatella, V., 121.

Graphiphora ditrapezium, capture of, II., xxv; IV., XXL

Grapholitha corollana, economy of, III., xxvii.

Weirana, I., viii.

Gymnancyla canella, food of larva, III., xci.

Hetera Hortona, II1., 246.

Hypesia, I1., 247.

Heliconide, notes on, V., 1.

Heliophobus hispidus, capture of, [., eviii; III., eviii.

Hemithea smaragdaria, capture of, 1V., Ixxxii.

economy of larva, II., v.

Hestia Daos, I., xxxvi.

Homeosoma binevella, food of larva, II., xxviii; ITT., xci,

EE 2

240 General Index.

LEPIDOPTERA —continued.

Fydrilla caliginosa, capture of, 1I., xviii.

Hyponomeuta Africanus, V., 222.

fumigatus, V., 222.

plumbellus, economy of, IIT., xiii. {

20-punctatus, larva of, 1V., xxx. :

Hypsolophus limosellus, I1., xxviii. i

? palustrellus, I., xiv.

Schmidtiellus, 11., xxxix.

Verbascellus, new British species, II., exxvii.

Ilithyia sociella, cocoons of, found in stomach of a cow, V., Ixxv.

Incurvaria masculella, curious larve of, IT., xxvii, exiv, exxi.

tenuicornis, capture of, III., xvi.

Zinckenii, curious larve of, II., xxvii, cxiv, cxxi.

Ino, an apparently new species of, V., Ixxx.

Lampronia corticella, habits of larva, II., exix.

Laphygma exigua, larva of, LV., Ixii.

Larve affected by muscardine, II., cxxxiil.

fungoid appendages to, II., xxi.

leaf-miners mentioned by Réaumur, II., 97. a

longevity of, IV., viii. {

method of finding, IT., evi.

mining leaves of Cornus sunguineus, II.. xxvii.

Lasiocampa Callune, note on its distinetness, IT., ex xviii.

Trifolii, parasitic (?), moth in pupa of, IT., exxx.

Lusiommata Megera, variety of, V., cxxiv.

Laverna conturbatella, new British species, 1V., xix. :

Mimose, V., 126.

ochraceella, food of larva, II., exviii.

Raschkiella, new British species, 1V., xix.

Lebeda cuneilinea, 1V., 58.

Lemonias, note on, V., 5.

Leptalis Acraoides, I., 99.

Leucania extranea, uew British species, V., Ixxix.

musculosa, capture of, III., evi.

vitellina, new British species, 1V., xxxiv.

Limacodes asellus, capture of, II1., xix.

Limnecia Phragmitella, note on, I., Ixxv.

Lithocolletis, habits of the larve, II., 102, 119.

note on larve, I., Ixx.

species of, I., v.

species of, on low growing plants, II., cxvii.

Bauhinia, I11., 303.

Bremiella, new British species, III., cviii.

Carpinicolella, note on, I., xv.

Coryli, note on, I., ci.

Dunningiella, new British species, I., cxii.

Helianthemi, habits of, V., lxxix.

General Index.

LEPIDOPTERA—continued.

Lithocolletis irradiella, I11., 9; I1., exxxiii.

Lalagella, I11., 300.

Nicellii, capture of, IT., exiv.

nigrescentella, I., 182.

Scabiosella, natural history of, II., 121.

Stettinensis, food of larva, II., exvi.

tenella, note on, I., xv.

trifusciella, natural history of, II., 120.

Lithosia depressa and helvola, sexes of one species, II., xiv.

Lozostoma, characters of, V., 124.

Jflavofasciata, V., 124.

semisulphurea, V., 125.

Lycena Betica, taken near Brighton, V., Ixxix.

Lymnas, note on, V., 6.

Lyropteryx Apollonia, V., 109.

Lyra, V., 109.

Macaria notataria, malformations of, LV., xxii.

Macroglossa Nox, IV., 54.

Margarodes unionalis, new British species, V., Ixxxviil.

Mesosemia, notes on, V., 4.

Micra parva, new British species, V., xlii.

Micro-Lepidoptera, mentioned by Réaumur, II., 97.

natural history of, LI., 75.

of Bogota, II., exli.

reared in winter by heat, IT., ii.

tropical, III., 301, Ixxxvii, xcuii.

Micropteryx, monograph of British species, I., 26.

Anderschella, food of larva, II., xxviil.

mansuetella, note on, I., xv.

Mixodia Hawkerana, bred from sea-spurge, LV., Ixxi.

Morpho Cytheris, habitat of, IT., xix.

oriental species related to, LV., 158.

Moths on street lamps, III., ii.

Myelois Artemisiella, I., vi.

Epelydella, food of larva, II., xxviii.

Myscelia and Epicalia, sexes of one genus, II., iv.

Nascia cilialis, capture of, I., xviil.

Necyria Hewitsonii, V., 106.

Manco, V., 107.

Tapaja, V., 108.

Nepticula, notes on larva of, II., 105, viii.

species of, I., citi.

4-maculella, note on, III., xviii.

Noctua flammatra, new British species, V., !xxix,

sobrina, new British species, IT., exxxiv.

Noctuide, abundance of, in 1855, ILI., civ, exiy.

Nonagria Bondii, V., exxxiil.

241

242 General Index.

LEPIDOPTERA—continued.

Nonagria Canna, hermaphrodite, I., xxxix.

Notodonta bicolor, new British species, V., xxxvi.

carmelita, bred from the egg, III., Ixxxix.

capture of, II., xii, xvi, Cxvi.

cucullina, bred from the egg, III., Ixxxix.

larva of, III, xiii.

tritophus, captured in Scotland, IJ., xxxvii.

very subject to attacks of Ichneumons, IT., CXNXIll.

Nyctegretes Achatinella, new British species, 1V., XXile

Nymphidium, note on, V., 4.

Ocnerostoma Piniariella, economy of, IV., iv.

Odontia dentalis, capture of, I., xxxiv.

(@cophora, notes on species of, I., 22.

Agnesella, I1I., 297.

Arabella, I1I., 296.

bimaculella, I1I., 295.

Ellenella, I1¥., 295.

Hecatella, I11., 299.

Isabella, III., 295.

lacteella, note on larva, IT., xxv.

Marionella, I11., 294.

Paulinella, U11., 297.

Sabella, I11., 299.

Semelella, III., 298.

subganomella, V., 119.

Zitella, I11., 296.

Cnophila V-flava, notes on, IL., xvili, xxiii.

(Enosandra Boisduvalii, IT1., 286.

Opostega Laburnella, food of larva, II., xxviii.

somnulentella, note on, I., xii.

Ornithoptera Brookiana, III., civ.

capture of a new species, V., Ixx.

habits and transformations of a species of, [V., 272.

Ornix albifrons, V., 122.

Meleagripennella and its allies, I., 86.

Orthosia hyperborea, capture of, III., xxiii.

ruticilia, new British species, I., iii.

Orthostizis catenaria, taken in Britain, I., Ixxiv.

Orthotenia Buoliana, rernarks on, III., 59.

Ourapteryx Sumbucaria, peculiarity in the pupa, I1., exvin.

Pachetra leucophea, captured in England, 11., exvill, cxxi.

Pedisca bilunana, note on, IJ., xev.

Panara Barsacus, note on, V., 9.

Pandora Prola, habits of, V., xxii.

Papilio A/neas, and allies, note on, V., 339.

Eneides, note on, V., 345.

ee ee

General Index. 243

LEPIDOPTERA—continucd.

Papilio Aglaope, note on, V., 343.

Anchisiades, and allies, note on, V., 338.

Antenor, locality for, and capture of, III., xl; V., cxviil.

Ariarathes, note on, V., 336.

Autosilaus, note on, V., 348.

Belus, note on, V., 227.

Bolivar, I., 97.

note on, V., 342.

Caudius, note on, V., 1.

Chabrias, I1., 23.

note on, V., 343.

Choridamus, and allies, note on, V., 330.

Cinyras, note on, V., 347.

Columbus, I. 98.

note on, V. 348.

Conon, II., 246.

Crassus, note on, V., 227.

Dolicaon, note on, V., 348.

Echelus, note on, V., 344.

Echephron, V., 345.

Ergeteles, note on, V., 344,

Hierocles, note on, V., 341.

Hippason, note on, V., 337.

Ilus, and allies, note on, V., 339.

Lycidas, V., 228.

Lycophron, note on, V., 347.

Lysander, note on, V., 343.

Nomius, note on, III., cix.

Numitor, V., 228.

Olivencius, V., 345.

Orellana, I1., 23.

note on, V., 343.

Orsillus, note on, V., 346.

Pammon, note on, III., cix.

Pausanias, II., 22.

note on, V., 335.

Podalirius, and allies, note on, V., 348.

Polycaon, note on, V., 346.

Polydamus, note on, Wis. 228:

Polydorus, note on, DT, cixXs

Polytes, note on, TEIs, c1x:

Protesilaus, note on, V., 348.

Sakontala, I1., 24.

Sesostris, note on, V., 339.

Telearchus, I1., 22.

Thoas, and allies, note on, V., 346.

Torquatus, notes on, Wey dy ads

244 General Index.

LEPIDOPTERA—continued.

Papilio Triopas, note on, V., 343.

Ulyssinus, V., 1xxiil.

Varus, note on, V., 228.

Vertumnus, note on, V., 340.

Zacynthus, note on, V., 346.

Zagreus, and allies, note on, V., 348.

Papilionide, notes on American specics, I., ci.

remarks on the sexes of some species, I., 97.

Parasia apicipunctella, V., 119.

Metzneriella, food of larva, III., xvii.

Peacock Butterfly, sound produced by, IV., ii.

Peronea, new species of, I., eviii.

Perophora Batesii, III., 5, xii.

Melsheimerii, II1., 2.

Petasia nubeculosa, taken in Perthshire, IV., xii.

Phaleéna oblinita, I., 161.

Phibalapteryr gemmaria, capture of, IT., exxx.

Phlogophora empyrea, new British species, IIL., exii.

capture of, IV., Ixxxviil.

Phorodesma smaragdaria, economy of larva, Il., v.

capture of, LV., Ixxxii.

Phycidea binevella, food of larva, II., xxviii; III., xci.

Phyllocnistis Citrella, I11., 303.

Pieris daplidice, captured in England, II., xxxvii.

Plusia orichalcea, capture of, I., ci.

Plutella harpella, food of larva, I., v.

horridella, capture of, Il., xxvii.

Polia occulta, note on, III., civ.

Polyommatus Agestis, variety of, III., exii.

Alewis, hermaphrodite, II., xxxiv; III., xxiv.

variety of, II., cxiv.

method of finding larve of, IT., evii.

Porrectaria laricella, damage by larva of, IV., xx.

Prays Curtisellus, economy of, ITI., xiii.

Psecadia funerella, capture of, I., xviii.

Pseudogynous Lepidoptera, note on, TV., Ixxii.

Psyche helicinella, note on, III., Ixxviii.

marginicolella, new British species, II., cxiv.

opacella, var. ?, found in Scotland, IL., u, xxxiv.

reticella, note on, I., xvi.

roboricolella, new British species, V., lvi.

salicolelia, new British species, V., lvi.

tabulella, new British species, V., lvi.

Psychide, note on a new species of, I., exv.

remarks on the, I., 234.

Pterophoride, notes on food of larve, IL., x.

Pterophorus brachydactulus, taken in Cumberland, V., Ixxix.

tinctidactylus, IL1., 300.

General Index. 245

LEPIDOPTERA—continued.

Pupz, observations on digging for, IL., cix.

effect of moisture on, II., xcviii.

Retinia Turionana, capture of, II., xvii; IV., Ixxv.

Rhodaria sanguinalis, capture of, I., xxxiii.

Roslerstammia pygmeana, food of larva, I1., xxx.

?, silk of, IV., xx.

Carpini, curious cocoon of, I., eviii.

variety of, I., c.

Cecropia, note on, III., xevi.

Pavonia-media, silk felt produced by, III., xlii, exi.

Ricini, notes on, III., xci, civ.

Saturnia

Sciaphila Perterana, food of larva, II., xxv.

Scopula decrepitalis, captured in Ross, LV., xxi.

Sericinus Telamon, I., 173.

Sericoris antiquana, natural history of, II., xix.

littorana, food of larva, [., xviii.

Siderone Mars, V., exii.

Silk-worms, new species of, I., ciii.

structure of the blood in diseased, I., xxxix,

Smerinthus Populi, curious structure in, L, Ixxxv.

hermaphrodite, I., Ixxxii.

Solenobia, alternation of generation in, II., eviii.

Spelotis Valesiaca?, captured in Britain, ILI., xxii.

Spermatophthora Hornigii, food of larva, ILI., xci.

Sphaleroptera ictericana, note on, I., xcv.

Sphinx Anteus, captured in England, II., xxvii.

Celerio ?, note on Jarva of, III., cxv.

capture of, I., xxxix; II., exii.

Ligustri, tongue-sheath bifurcate, II., iv.

Pinastri, said to have been captured at Romsey, V., evi.

Stathmopoda pedella, capture of, V., exxii.

Stephensia Briinnichella, LV., 270.

food of larva, I[T., evi.

Stigmonota dorsana, new British species, I., xin.

Weirana, L., viii.

Symmachia, note on, V., 5.

Synemon, habits of the species, IV., x.

Syrmatia, note on, V., 8.

Taleporia, alternation of generation in, I., 234, exiii.

Teara denticulata, I11., 283.

Edwardsii, III., 284.

Guénei, 1I1., 284.

Termessa Shepherdi, III., 285.

Tharops, note on, V., 5.

Thaumantis Aliris, TV., 176.

Camadeva, IV., 177.

Diores, 1V., 171.

246 General Index.

LEPIDOPTERA—continued.

Thaumantis Howqua, I., 174; 1V., 178.

Klugius, 1V., 173.

Lucipor, 1V., 173.

Noureddin, IV., 175.

Nourmahal, 1V., 178.

Odana, I1V., 170.

Ramdeo, 1V., 172.

Thyridopteryx Sierricola, V., Xxxii.

Tinea caprimulgella, new British species, I., xin.

Ethelella, I1I., 288.

gigantella, V., 221.

longicornis, V., 113.

ochraceella, new British species, I., xxxiv, Cvie

pallescentella, new British species, I., Ixxv.

pellionella, larva on hartshorn shavings, III., iv.

purpurea, V., 221.

rutilicostella, V., 221.

Tischeria complanella, note on larva, II., 107.

Tortricopsis Rosabella, III., 293.

Tortrix Ashworthana, III., 286.

Standishana, I1I., 287.

Transformations of caterpillars, II., 117.

Trochilium Chrysidiforme, capture of, III., cil, exi.

Culiciforme, note on larva, II., xvii.

gallivorum, III., xxi.

Musciforme, capture of, V., xxii.

Scoliiforme, new British species, III., cxv.

Vanessa Io, sound produced by, II., xeviil.

variety of, I., Ixxxv.

Urtice, variety of, ILI., xxxvii.

Xylina conspicillaris, capture of, II., xvii.

Zeonia, habits of, V., 7.

Zeusera Arundinis, note on larva, I., xviii.

Duponchelii, I1I., 282.

Zygena Minos, new British species, ILI., iv.

NEUROPTERA.

Apochrysa beata, V., 184.

Ascalaphus decrepitus, V., 197.

flavilinea, V., 197.

intractabilis, V., 196.

leucostigma, V., 190.

sublugens, V., 196.

unicus, V., 195.

Berotha, characters of, V., 186,

insolita, V., 187.

ELI ee IF =

General Index. 247

NEUROPTERA—continued,

Boreus brumalis, I., xevi.

nivoriundus, I,, xevi.

Characters of undescribed species in the collection of W. W. Saunders,

Esq., V., 176.

Chrysopa ignobilis, V., 183.

Moxambica, V., 184.

pubicosta, V., 183.

Cloéon debilis, V., 199.

Coniopteryx, nomenclature of, III., 57, xcii.

Curgia, characters of, V., 179.

braconoides, V., 179.

Drepanepteryx falculoides, V., 185.

Phalenoides, capture of, I., xlvi.

Ephemera dislocans, V., 198.

Hemerobius decisus, V., 185.

dipterus, III., 56.

setulosus, V., 186.

Tasmania, V., 186.

variegatus, note on, LV.,, xii.

Hermes corripiens, V., 180.

10-maculatus, V., 180.

Idolothrips Halidayi, I11., 265.

Leptocerus abjurans, V., 177.

niveistigma, V., 176.

quadrifurca, V., 177.

Libellula pectoralis, new British species, V., 1xxxix.

Limnophilus borealis, new British species, V., exxxviii.

griseus, note on, V., 176.

Macronema percitans, V., 177.

Mantispa, memoir on the genus, I., 252.

compellens, V., 181.

lurida, V., 181.

umbripennis, V., 181.

Musarna, characters of, V., 178.

aperiens, V., 178.

claudens, V., 179.

interclusa, V., 178.

Myrmeleon albidilinea, V., 189.

ambiguus, V., 192.

conicollis, V., 188.

contractus, V., 192.

eccentros, V., 193.

excogitans, V., 190,

incuralus, V., 191.

indiges, V., 189.

insolitus, V., 194.

nigriventris, V., 188.

248 General Index.

NEUROPTERA—continued.

Myrmeleon obducens, V., 190.

peculiaris, V., 194.

perplerus, V., 191.

pubiventris, V., 189.

trigroides, V., 187.

Nemoura nivalis, I., xevii.

Osmylus punctipennis, V., 183.

Palingenia annulifera, V., 199.

continua, V., 199.

Panorpa ruficeps, I., xiv.

Perla nivicola, I., xevi.

Phleothrips Anacardii, III., 266.

Phryganea, deposition of eggs of, 1V., xxvii.

divulsa, V., 176.

Polamanthus exspectans, V., 198.

Psocus reponens, V., 198.

Saunders, W. W.., characters of undescribed species in the collection of,

V., 176.

Sisyra terminalis, III., 56.

Termes lucifugus, possible importation of, into Britain, II., exv.

Termites, note on the workers, I., cxxix.

Varnia, characters of, V., 182.

perloides, V., 182.

White ants, injuries done by, IT., xxiii.

used as food, IJ., 243.

ORTHOPTERA.

Blatta acervorum, new British species, V., Ixv.

Germanica, injurious to provisions, II., viii.

orientalis, method of destroying, II., viii, xiii.

Cockroaches, eat bed-bugs, III., Ixxvii.

Earwigs attacking dahlias, cure for, I., cxvil, exxix.

Forficula maritima, new British species, LV., xxxix

Locusta migratoria, capture of, LV., Ixxxvii.

Locusts, as articles of food, represented on buildings at Ninevch, II.,

CXXil.

parasites on, L., xiv.

Mantis, habits of a species of, V., exxxvi.

Mole crickets, voracity of, II., exvii.

STREPSIPTERA.

Considered to be Coleopterous insects, II., exxv.

Habits, transformation, and sexual economy of, 1.,43; IJ., 125, ix,

CXXIV.

Hylecthrus Quercus, I., 58.

Rubi, 1.557.

Myrmecolar, characters of, V., 419.

Nietneri, V., 419.