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HARVARD UNIVERSITY.

LIBRARY

OF THE

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.

i

THE

TEANSACTIONS

OF

THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

OF

LONDON.

SECOND SERIES— VOLUME VI.

ZOOLOGY.

1

^L O N D O N:

PRINTED BT TAYLOR AKD FEANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET :

SOLD AT THE SOCIETY'S APARTMENTS, BTJRLINGTOX-irOTTSE ;

AXD BY LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO., PATERNOSTER-KOAV.

1894-97.

*

.•<^

CONTENTS.

PART I.— January, 189i.

I. Eeport on Entuinostraca from the Gulf of Guinea, collected by John Buttray, B.Sc.

By Thomas Scott, F.L.S., Mem. Soc. zool. France, Naturalist to the Fishert/

Board for Scotland. (Plates I.-XV.) page 1

PART II.— May, 1894.

II. The Subterranean Crustacea of Neiv Zealand : with some general Bemarhs on the

Fauna of Caves and Wells. By Charles Chilto>j, 3I.A., D.Sc, F.L.S., Bector,

District High School, Port Chalmers, New Zealand. (Plates^'XVI.-XXIII.) 163

PART III.— August, 1894.

III. On a Freshwater Schizopod from Tasmania. By George M. Thomson, F.L.S.

(Plates^XXIV.-XXVI.) 285

PART IV.— February, 189G.

IV. The Comparatice Morphology of the GaleodidsB. By H. M. Beenard, M.A.

Cantab., F.L.S. , F.Z.S. {From the Hu.vley Besearch Laboratory, Boyal College

of Science.) (Plates^XXVII.-XXXIV.) BO.!

PART v.— June, 189G.

V, A Bevision of the British Copepoda belonging to the Genera Brady a, Boeck, and

Eetinosoma, Boeck. jB// Thomas Scott, F L.S., Mem. Soc. zool. Fratice, Naturalist

to the Fishery Board for Scotland, and Andrew Scott, Fisheries Assistant,

University College, Liverpool. (Platcs'xXXV.-XXXVIII.) 419

[ iv ]

PART VI.— July, 1896.

VI. 0)1 .sumc iietc or rai-e Phasmidye in the Collection of the British 3Iuseum. By

"\V. P. KiRBY, F.L.S., F.B.S., Assistant in the Zoological Bejjarttnent, British

JIuseiim, South Kensington. (Plates XXXIX. & XL.) 447

PAIIT VII.— OcTOBEii, 1896.

VII. The Internal Anatomy o/Bdella. By A. D. Michael, V.P.L.S., F.Z.S., P.B.M.S.

(Plates'XLI.-XLITI.) 477

PART VIII.— Pebruary, 1897.

Titlepage, Contents, and Index . . .' 529

2nd Ser. ZOOLOGY.]

[VOL. VI. PAET 1.

THE

TRANSACTIONS

OF

THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OE LONDON

EEPOPiT ON ENTOMOSTRACA FEOM THE GULF

OF GUINEA.

BT

TPIOMAS SCOTT, F.L.S.,

NATUTiALIST TO THE FISHEnV BOARD FOR SCOTLAND.

LONDON:

PRINTED FOB THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

SOLD AT THE SOCIETY'S APARTMENTS, BUULINGTON-HOUSB, PICCADILLY, \Y.,

AND BY LONGMANS, GKEEN, AND CO., PATERNOSTER-ROW.

January 189Jd.

TRANSACTIONS

OP

THE LINNEAN SOCIETY.

I. Bejwrt oil Entomostraca from the Gulf of Ouiiiea, collected by John Rattray, J3.Sc.

By Thomas Scott, F.L.S., Nattiralist to the Fishery Board for Scotland.

Read 2iid February, 1893.

' (Plates I.-XV.)

I HE following" Report contains a Catalogue, more or less descriptive, of all the

Entomostraca obtained in the tow-net gatherings collected by Mr. John E-attray, in

the Gulf of Guinea, while engaged as naturalist ou board the Telegraph Steamer

' Buccaneer.'

It is not necessary that I should enter into any explanation of the causes of the delay

in the publication of the Report on the Entomostraca further than to state that the

collections were handed over to me early in 1891, and since then all the leisure that

could be spared has been devoted to their examination aud to the preparation of the

followinti? Catalogue.

In the preparation of the Report the author has to acknowledge the valuable aid he

has received from Professor G. S. Brady, E.R.S. He is also under great obligations to

the Senatus of the University of Edinburgh for the privilege of consulting the numerous

works on Natural History in the University Library, and to Mr. Webster, the Librarian,

who has always been ready to help in hunting up any literature wanted.

My thanks are also due to Dr. T. Wemyss Fulton, of the Fishery Board for Scotland,

for the active interest he has taken in the preparation of the Report ; among other

things he obtained for me the privilege of consulting the valuable Natural History

Works in the Library of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.

The Government Grant Committee of the Royal Society of London allocated to me

the sum of £20 in 1891, and again in 1892, for the purposes of this investigation ; and

this enabled me to retain the services of my son, Mr. Andrew Scott, for the preparation

of the drawings that accompany and illustrate the Report, which, by their acknowledged

SECOND SERIES. — ZOOLOGY, VOL. VI. 1

■2 ME. T. SCOTT ON EXTOMOSTKACA

nccuracy as well as their beauty, add greatly to its value. My son also prepared the

greater number of the dissections represented by the drawings, which were necessary for

the satisfactory diagnosis of the various species recorded.

The Entomostraca described in the following Catalogue include species belonging to

the orders Copepoda, Cladocera, and Ostracoda. The first is represented by one

hundred and forty-eight species, the second by two species, and the third by twenty-four

species.

The great tendency to, and multiplicity of, variation observed, especially in certain

groups, has caused considerable difficulty in deciding the value that should be placed on

the amount of variation met with. Thougli care has been taken to avoid as far as

possible attaching a higher value to these variations than they deserved, it has been

necessary in not a few instances to give them specific and even generic rank, in order to

dispose of them in anything like a satisfactory manner.

A considerable number of more or less immature forms occurred in nearly all the tow-

nettings, and were the cause of much trouble during the examination of the material ;

the liability of mistaking an immatui'e specimen of one species for a member of another,

and a different one, is considerable, and has to be kept constantly in view during the

examination of such small organisms.

Since writing this E,eport I have, through the kindness of Dr. T. Wemyss Fulton, of

the Fishery Board for Scotland, been favoured with a perusal of Dr. Giesbrecbt's excel-

lent work on the Mediterranean Copepoda, which has enabled me to make some

alterations that will l)ring it more into conformity with recent views on the nomenckiture

of that important group of the Crustacea ; while the Introductory Remarks by

Mr. Rattray, which follow, will add to its completeness.

Introductory Remarks. By John Rattray, B.Sc, F.R.S.E.

For the opportunity of taking part in this expedition, of the results of Avhich a report

on the Entomostraca is now presented, I have exclusively to thank Dr. John Murray,

of H.M.S. ' Challenger ' Commission. J. Y. Buchanan, Esq., formerly chemist on board

H.M.S. ' Challenger,' accompanied the expedition, and all my Avork was carried on

under his immediate supervision on board the S.S. ' Buccaneer ' (Captain Thomson,

R.N.R.), then in the service of the India Rubber, Gutta Percha, and Telegraph Works

Co., Ld., of Silverto"v^^l, Essex, and at that time engaged in sounding-operations

preliminary to the laying down of a telegraph-eable on the West Coast of Tropical

Africa.

Sailing from Liverpool in the S.S. ' Nubia ' in the begimiing of December 1885, the

' Buccaneer ' was joined by Mr. Buchanan and myself at Sierra Leone on December 23,

and sailed at once northwards, touching on Dec. 24 at Bullama and Bassao, between

the Isles de Los and Dakar, near Capo Verd, arriving at Dakar on the evening of the

same day to complete preliminary arrangements for the soimding expedition, which

started thence on December 29.

FEOM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 3

So far as relates to the Biological collections, the equipment provided consisted of a

supply of botanical paper with botanical press for the preservation of such larger plant

specimens as might ])c procured on any short expeditions that might be possible on shore.

Such chances were found only at rare intervals : thus gatlierings were made on the

outward voyage at Madeira, in the vicinity of Fuuchal (Dec. 10), at Teneriffe, in and

around Santa Cruz (Dec. 12 and March 28, 1886), at Sierra Leone (Dec. 21), at Conakoy,

Isles de Los (March 17, 1886), at Dakar (Dee. 26-29), at Accra, North Coast of Gulf of

Guinea (Jan. 16), at Sao Thome, Gulf of Guinea (Jan. 25 and 31 and Feb. 1, 1886), at

Principe Island, Gulf of Guinea (Jan. 27), and at St. Paul de Loanda, E. coast of Gulf of

Guinea (Feb. 10-17). On Dec. 13 some algse and shells were procured at Las Palmas,

Gran Canaria, a landing for a few hours only being possible. During the brief calls at

Bullama and Bassao on Dec. 21, the time Avas entirely occupied in the collecting of

marine specimens either floating on the very muddy waters of these parts or occurring

on the beach ; the visits paid to Libreville, Gaboon Biver, on January 28, and to

Bananah Creek, Congo Iliver, on February 7, were so brief that no landing could be

effected. So far as relates to Phanerogams, the best gatherings were made in and about

Santa Cruz and at Sao Thome ; a considerable number of Thalamiflorse were found at both ;

Papaveracege and Coniferte especially at Santa Cruz ; Malvaceae especially at Sao Thome.

At the latter Legiuninous, Kosaceous, Crassulaceous, Myrtaceous, Onagraceous, Samy-

daceous, and Cucurbitaceons CalycifiorfE were well represented ; at the former were

gathered some Ficoidefi) and Uml)ellifera- not obtained at the latter. At St. Paul de

Loanda, Leguminous and Myrtaceous Calyciflorse only were found, e. g. especially

Indigofera, Uialium, Ccesalpiaia, Civtalaria, Tamarindus, and Psidium. Of Fpigynous

Monopetaloid Compositte more were obtained at Santa Cruz than at Sao Thome ; but, on

the other hand, more hypogynous specimens at the latter than at the former, the

Jasminacese, Apocynaccne, and Convolvulacete predominating. Again, Apetake, Nycta-

ginacese, Amarantaceai, Urticacea?, Euphorbiacese, and Monocotyledones — especially

Connacese, Cyperacea^, and Gramineae — were found most abundantly at Sao Thome.

Most Filices were obtained from Principe Island, including particularly species of

Nephrolepis, Nephrodium, Polypodlum, and many young forms. At Dakar and at

St. Paul de Loanda the coast-flora was poor, owing to the vast stretches of sand ; at the

former were observed species of Argemonc, Ihena, Vigua, Cassia, AlMzzla, Seshunia^

Jussicea, Selioti-opium, Clerodendron, Hgptis, Scirpus, CIdorls, Pennisetum, Peiiicllkwia,

Andropogou, Ccnchrus, not obtained at the latter, which, on the other hand, yielded

species of Sesuvmm, Slda, Trlbuhis, Ilonetia, Indigofera, Psidium, Pluchea, Dichoma,

Ipomcea, Boerhaavia, Bougainvlllea, Centema, Pupalia, Phyllanthus, Euphorhiu,

Panicum, Sporoholiis, Enigrostis, Aristida, &c., not found at Dakar.

Much difficidty was experienced in protecting specimens against the hot moist

atmosphere of the tropics, and recourse was ultimately had to having them deposited near

the furnaces of the steamer. This at length proved effective, but was accompained by the

accumulation of much dust, which might, however, have been largely avoided by wrajjpin'--

in fine muslin, had that been available.

1*

4 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

Among Algte specially noteworthy were the exuberant growths of Corallinge near

Las Palmas, attached to a soft sandstone on a narrow isthmus joining the volcanic

sections of the island, and of Pad'ma (Adanson) on the beach, about 3 miles from Dakar,

at the far side of the bay surrounding Goree Island.

Per the preservation of zoological specimens the following means were at hand : —

methylated spirit, alsolute alcohol, glycerine, benzole, ether, chloroform, acetic acid,

ammonia, hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, nitric acid, corrosive sublimate, caustic

potash, osmic acid, chromic acid, j)icric acid, iodine, picrocarmine, hsematoxylin, Canada

balsam; with accessories such as slides, cover-glasses, watch-glasses, porcelain dishes,

spirit-lamj), camel-hair brushes, needles, spatulas, two nets of varying degrees of fineness,

a tank-box, shrimp-ti*awls, mud-bags, and specimen bottles. Some 200 bottles of 4-oz.

capacity, in addition to several boxfuls of others of larger sizes. At the end of the work

all the available bottles were filled, and as many others as could be obtained empty from.

the supplies of the ship.

Many micro-preparations were made of the products of the soundings, of which 411

were taken during the cruise, and of the contents of the tow-nets at various points.

Larger specimens, such as species of Pisces, were procured from native fishermen at

St. Paul de Loanda, and for these the tank-box proved very u.seful. Larger Crustacea,

of which a few were fouud on shore, were preserved in spirit at once. Numerous shells

of Mollusca were obtained dry ; but one of the most important departments of the work

was the preservation of the more delicate Arthropoda (Copepoda, Amphipoda, Schizopoda,

&c.), Ascidia, ova, fish-larvce, Sag'Uta, &c., found in the tow-net gatherings. Por these the

methods adopted were essentially those practised at the zoological stations of Naples * and

elsewhere. Por delicate objects, Prof. E. R. Lankester had recommended, in a letter to

Dr. John Murray, two plans : (a) corrosive sublimate followed by dilute then stronger

alcohol, and (/3) ^ per cent, osmic acid, or this mixed with very dilute chromic acia

or acetic acid, giving a short exposure of 1 to 2 minutes according to size : this to be

followed by alcohols of increasing strength. The latter method was recommended for

Olione and other Pteropoda ; it was adopted but rarely, owing to the difficulty of prose-

cuting many different methods in a limited amount of space (the laboratory at command

being quite small, but very compact) the combined chrom-osmic or aceto-osmic plans

were not tried at all : the former method was freely used. For the Radiolaria the osmic

acid process also proved of use, it had been recommended by Hartwig and by Haeckel ;

but a glycerine medium to follow it was not employed because of the unsuitability of

its refractive index to that of the E-adiolarian skeleton.

For preserving the products of the tow-net pure alcohol was never adopted ab initio,

but acidulated alcohol was tried, following the directions of Paul Mayer and Whitman,

viz. 70 or 80 per cent, alcohol with a small addition of pure hydrochloric acid and a trace

of picric acid. The specimens were subsequently washed with strong spirit to remove

the acid, and preserved in spirit. Again, the picrosulphuric acid method following

* Mayer, Mittheil. zool. Stat. Neap. ii. (1S31) p. 1 ; Journ. Eoy. Micr. Soc. u. s. ii. (1882) p. 866.

FROM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 5

Kleinenberg's * formula, as adopted by Mayer f , that is, without the addition of creosote,

was often used, because of its reported high degree of penetrability for chitinized

structures. The fixing agent was simply added to the sea-water, and this was subse-

quently succeeded by increasing strengths of spirit. Mayer's J pier o- hydrochloric acid

method was only employed a few times.

Corrosive sublimate was extensively used, and was found to be of special service on

account of the rapidity of its action. Lang's § methods were simplified and accelerated

by adding a little of the solid salt to the sea-water ; the hot solution of the salt was

never adopted, though it has been recommended for Sagitta, Copepoda, ScqMrina, and

other Arthropod larvte. In a few cases, following Carnoy || , a trace of acetic acid was

added to the corrosive solution. The mercuric salt was removed by subsequent washing

— the mode of filtration was found of advantage from its speed and cleanliness — and

successive treatment with progressive strengths of spirit. The animals were in all cases,

where preservation was required, killed as rapidly as possible after capture, with a view

to the obtaining of good results for structural purposes.

Tow-net collections were made throvighout the whole course of the voyage ; the total

number of these was, however, somewhat less than the total number of soundings,

because (1) soundings were sometimes taken with much speed in shallow depths, and the

delay of the steamer was therefore brief ; (2) tow-net gatherings could not continuou.sly

be obtained by night and by day, save only at intervals. During work only one net was

really lost through the snapping of gear belonging to the net itself, a few others, usually

in deep water, w^ere lost on account of the breaking of the cable upon which they were

attached.

The majority of the gatherings were made in the upper strata of the water, or say

down to 25 fathoms ; but deep-sea nets were repeatedly used. The deepest w^ere wrought

at 360 and t60 fathoms on January 22, in lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E.

Prof. Chrystal's double-hooped net was used at a depth of 260 fms., but the collection

obtained was small. On Feb. 5, in lat. 4° 26' 7" S., long. 10° 1' 8" E., two nets were set

adrift at 235, 185, and 85 fathoms attached to balloon buoys in a S. ^ W. current of

0-54 knots ; and, again, similarly on Feb. 22, in lat. 5° 59' 4" S., long. 3° 49' 4" E., a series

of nets were exposed at 30, 40, 70, 100, 130, 160, 190, and 200 fms.,— the temperatures at

these respective depths being 6r-3 F., 59"-3 F., 57°-5 F., 55° F., 52°-5 F., 49° F., and

46°"7 F. ; but in heaving up, after an exposure of 7 hours, the cable snapped, and all but

the uppermost were lost. Three more deep-sea nets were lost by the breaking of a steel

rope attached to an anchor-dredge in lat. 5° 5 1' S., long. 11° 48' W., when, out of 1780

fms. of rope, 1675 fms. were lost together with the anchor-dredge, weighing 5 cwt. 2 qrs.

14 lbs. These accidents were specially to be regretted by reason of the opportunities

* Foster and Balfour, Embryol.

t Journ. Roj'. llicr. Soc. n. s. ii. (1882) p. 867.

+ Mittheil. zool. Stat. Neap. 1881, p, 5.

§ Zool. Anzeig. 1878, p. 79.

II La Biol. Celhilaire, p. It.j.

Q ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTRACA

they presented for ascertaining something of life at these depths. In lat. 0' 7' 8" S.,

lono-. 14° 28' 6 " "W., nets were employed at intervals down to 100 fms. on March 10 ;

and again on March 11, down to 76 fms., in lat. 0° 0' 7" N., long. 13° 4' W.

The time of exposure of tow-nets varied with circumstances and opportunities from 20

minutes to 7 hours (the latter when sent adrift from the ship). Inshore nets taken at

Conakoy, Isles de Los, Bullama, Bassao, Dakar, Accra, off Little Bassam, in the vicinity

of the suhmarine gully known as the " bottomless pit," Porto Novo, Libreville (Gaboon

River), Bananah Creek (Congo River), and St. Paul de Loanda were always at or near

the surface. Of special interest is the series procured during soundings in the vicinity

of the Congo canon, where gyrations of the water, accompanied by the production of

coarse bubbles of foam, were very evident on the surface of the sea.

For Ascidia, Prof. Herdman had recommended three plans, all of which were employed,

viz. : (1) picric acid and alcohol ; (2) osmic acid and alcohol ; and (3) picric acid alone,

without alcohol, for Saljjcs and Doliolmn. Some were also preserved in glycerine,

without either picric acid or spirit to prevent opacity. Por living specimens of sclero-

dermic corals, of which only a few were obtained, the corrosive sublimate treatment

was employed. No Hydrozoa were preserved, according to Pagenstecher's * method, by

the use of sodium chloride and alum succeeded by stronger and stronger alcohols. Por

the Peridinidffi, of which several were obtained, Gcza Entz'sf recommendation of

glycerine was not followed, though tried, chiefly on account of refractive considerations.

Porifera have been treated by Keller % with osmic and chromic acids, the former of the

strength of -^-(,- to ro pei' cent., the latter very dilute ; but of these, the only repre-

sentatives obtained were found on the shore at Ascension Island, and were immediately

placed in spirit.

Subjoined is a list of the positions of the 48 stations of the expedition, where the best

available means were adopted for obtaining collections, with the sru'face temperature

observed at each : —

Station I. Dec. 29, 1885, lat. l.r 48' N., loug. 19° 18' W. (75° F.).

II. Jan. 1, 1886, lat. 7° 54 N., long. 17° 25' W. (82°-2 F.).

lat. 7° 1' N., long. 15° 54 W. (82°-9 F.).

lat. 7° 33' N., long. 15° 18' W. (83° F.).

lat. 7° 20' N., long. 13° 26' W. (83°-2 F.).

lat. 7° 8' N., long. 13° 27' W. (83°-4. F.).

lat. 5° 48' N., long. 14° 20' W. (85°-5 F.).

lat. 3° 57' 2" N., loug. 7° 42' 8" W. (82°-8 F.). Here a S.E. current

down to 150 fms.

* Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xvii. (1S67) p. 379.

t Zool. Anzeig. 1881, p. 575.

X Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xxx. p. 568.

FEOM THE GCJLF OF GUINEA.

Station IX. Jau.10,1886, lat. 3° 0' 8" N., long. 7^ 43' W. (83° F.). Station in and near outer

edge of Guinea current. Water ultramarine.

lat. 3° 58' N., long. 3° 12' W. (83°-7 F.).

lat. 5° 15' 4" N., long. 3° 10' E. (83°-2 F.).

lat. 4° 12' 7" N., long. 3° 57' 5" E. (82°-7 F.). A strong N.N.W.

current 2 to 3 fms. deep, and under it a strong current in opposite

direction,

lat. 3° 55' 3" N., long. 4° 7' 3" E. (83°-2 F.).

lat. 2^ 20' 2" N., long. 5' 7' 8" E. (82°-2 F.).

lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5= 55' 5" E. (82°-9 F.). Current N. 37'= W.=

0-72 knots,

lat. 0'' 38' 6" N., long. 6" 25' 8" E. (82'"-9 F.).

lat. 0° 21' 1" N., long. 7° 33' E. (83'' F.).

lat. 1= 22' 2" S., long. 7° 45' E. (81°-4 F.).

lat. 1° r/ 2" S., long. 8° 10' 4" E. (83° F.).

lat. 1° 1' 2" S., long. 8° 19' 7" E. (82°-8 F.).

lat. 2° 39' S., long. 8° 58' E. (81°-7 F.). A floating island near this,

lat. 2° 47' S., long. 8° 46' E. (82°-7 F.).

lat. 4° 26' 7" S., long. 10^ 1' 8" E. (82°-l F.). Current S. 4 W.=0-54

knots.

X. „ 13,

XL „ 19,

XII. „ 20,

XIII. „ „

XIV. „ 21,

XV. „ 22,

XVI 23

XVII. „ 29,

XVIII. Feb. 3,

XIX. „ „

^Y.v. „ „

XXI. „ 4,

XXII. „ „

XXIII. „ 5,

, XXIV.

,, XXV.

, XXVI.

„ XXVII.

„ XXVIII.

„ XXIX.

„ XXX.

„ XXXI.

„ XXXII.

„ XXXIII.

„ XXXIV.

„ XXXV.

„ XXXVI.

„ XXXVII.

XXXVIII.

„ XXXIX.

XL.

XLI.

„ XLII.

„ XLIII.

„ XLIV.

„ XLV.

„ XLVI.

„ XLVII.

„ XLVIII.

„ 6, „ lat. 5° 54' S., long. 11° 33' E. (82= F.).

0

„ 19,

„ 20,

„ 21,

!> !>

90

„ 23,

24

or;

,, ~j,

26

„ 27,

„ 28,

Mar. 5,

„ 6,

„ 7,

0

„ 10,

„ 11,

„ 12,

„ 13,

lat. 5° 55' 8" S., long. 11° 50' 3" E. (84°-2 F.),

lat. 8° 8' 2" S., long. 12° 29' 4" E. (79°-8 F.).

lat. 5° 9' S., long. 10° 43' E. (82°-3 F.).

lat. 5° 51' 7" S., long. 8° 36' 5" E. (83°-3 F.).

lat. 5° 47' 7" S., long. 6° 49' 5" E. (82°-2 F.).

lat. .5° 50' 9" S., long. 5° 1' 4" E. (81°-7 F.).

lat. 5° 59' 4" S., long. 3° 49' 4" E. (83° F.).

lat. 6° 2' 2" S., long. 1° 50' 7" E. (81°-8 F.).

lat. 5° 58' 1" S., long. 0'^ 1' 5" E. (81° F.).

lat. 5° 58' 5" S., long. 1° 24' 1" W. (81° F.).

lat. 5° 59' 5" S., long. 3° 24' 5" W. (80° F.).

lat. 6° 0' 7" S., long. 5° 5' 4" W. (81° F.).

lat. 6° 3' 4" S., long. 6° 27' 2" W. (85°-5 F.).

lat. 3° 58' 6" S., long. 8° 11' W. (79°-8 F.).

lat. 5° 56' 3" S., long. 9' 32' 6" W. (80°-6 F.).

lat. 5° 54' S., long. 11° 48' W (81° F.).

lat. G 0' 3" S., long. 13° 24' 9" W. (81° F.).

lat. 3° 59' S., long. 13° 28' W.

lat. 2° 42' 2" S., long. 14° 43' 4" W. (81°-5 F.).

lat. 0"^ 1' 6" S., long. 15<= 56' 5" W. (81' F.).

lat. 0° 7' 8" S., long. 14° 28' 6" W. (81°-6 F.).

lat. 0° 0' 7" N., long. 18° 4' W. (80°-8 F.).

lat. 1° 17' 6" N., long. 13° 54' 4" W. (82°-3 F.).

lat. 3° 3' 4" N., long. 1 5° 0' 9" W. (83°-l F.).

Current W. byS. true.

(At Loanda.)

ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

Part I.

COPEPODA.

The material from which the Copepoda noticed in this Report were ohtained w^as

collected chiefly hy means of tow-nets worked at the surface and at various depths

(under surface) from 2 to 460 fathoms, and a few were shore gatherings.

The material was contained in 149 hottles, which represented ahout as many separate

gatherings.

Lists of species ohtained in some of the more important gatherings are appended to

these introductory remarks {vide p. 13).

Comparatively few of the species were generally distributed throughout the area

examined, or were of frequent or common occurrence in the tow-nettings.

The following were among the most common and most widely distributed species in

the collection : — Eacalanus attenuatus, Bldncalanus cormitus, TJucUna vulgaris, EiichcBta

mariua, Temora stylifera, Corycmus varius, Corycceus speciosus, and Onccea obtusa. On

the other hand, a considerable number of species, though obtained in gatherings from

localities all over the area examined, were uncommon or rare in the collections in which

they occurred — Eucalanus setiger and Pleuromma abclominale may be given as examples.

Other species, though observed in comparatively few gatherings, were yet moderately

common in those in which they did occur — Kemicalanus longicoriiis is a striking

example of this. Tliis species was observed in comparatively few gatherings, but in one

of these no fewer than 80 fairly perfect specimens were obtained ; in contrast to this, it

may be stated that scarcely half a dozen sjoecimens of Ilemicalani were observed in the

whole of the ' Challenger ' collections. Several species, as Acartia sinnicaudata, Olthona

miuuta, Amyriione Andreici, Ilyopsyiliis affiiiis, and some other Harpactids, were obtained

in gatherings from inshore and brackish-water localities, as, for example, from a shore

collection at Accra and at Sao Thome Island, and in surface-gatherings from Bananah

Creek at the mouth of the River Congo, and from Loanda Harbour. A few fish-para-

sites, including the pretty Messella, were also observed, and are described in this

Report,

Many of the species occurred more frequently in the surface tow-nettings collected

during the night than in tliose collected^during the day, while in the under-surface tow-

nettings they were of more frequent occurrence in those collected during the day than

in those collected during the night. This will be observed by referring to the classified

list of species.

FEOM THE GULF OF GUINEA.

9

The following Table exhibits some points of interest respecting the general distribution

of species in surface and uuder-suri'ace, and in day and niglit, collections: —

Table I. — Description of the Tow-net Gatherings.

It will be observed from this Table that the difference between the average number of

species in each of the day and night surface tow-net gatherings is rather considerable;

while as regards the average number of species in each of the day and night under-surface

tow-net gatherings there is comparatively little difference, and the difference shoAvn is

the reverse of that observed in the surface tow-net gatherings. Further, the average

number of species in the surface-gatherings is much greater in those collected during

the night, but in the under-surface gatherings the average is rather greater in those

collected during the day ; while in the combined surface and under-suxface tow-nettings

the average is, again, in favour of the night collections.

The area in which the tow-net gatherings were made may be described approximately

as extending from lat. 7° 54' N., long. 17° 25 W., eastward to Accra on the Golb Coast,

thence southwards across the Bights of Benin and Biapra to Slo Thome Island ;

from Sag Thome Island eastwards towards the mouth of the Gaboon River ; then

southwards to the mouth of the Congo and to Bananah Creek, and thence to

LoANDA Harbour. No gatherings from mid-ocean are included in the collection : the

greatest distance from land where tow-nettings were collected was not much, if at all,

over 400 miles ; but the greater number of them were collected much nearer land than

that, and this probably explains why the ' Buccaneer ' Copepoda — which exceed in number

of species those obtained from the ' Challenger ' collections, extending over an immensely

wider area — differ so much in the entire absence of some species, and in the com

paratively greater abundance of others, when compared with the ' Challenger ' Copepoda,

and also accoixnts for the presence of many curious and interesting species not repre-

sented in that collection.

second series. — ZOOLOGY, VOL. VI. 2

10 ME, T. SCOTT ON EiSTOMOSTEACA

Summary of the 'Buccaneer' Toic-net Collections, toitli the number of Species

observed in each separate gathering.

The surface tow-nettings are kept together, the under-surface are arranged according to

the depth at which the tow-nets were let down, and the whole of the tow-net gatherings

are arranged as near as possible in the order in which they were collected. In the

Table the figures 1, 2, 3, &c. above the line represent the number of the gathering as

near as possible in the order in which it was collected. " D " indicates that the

collection was made between 6 a.m. (inclusive) and 6 p.m., " N " that the collection was

made between G p.m. (inclusive) and 6 a.m., " SD " or " SN " that the collection was

made inshore during the day or night. The figures under the line show the number of

species observed in each separate gathering. Thus : — " Surface, -yt'' indicates that

No. 3 tow-netting was a surface gathering collected between 6 p.m. and 6 a.m., and that

sixteen species of Copepoda were observed in it. " Surface, ' ! ," indicates that No. 73

was an inshore gathering collected between 6 a.m. and 6 p.m., in which five species of

Copepoda were observed. " 100 fms., ^," indicates that No. 8 was a gathering from

100 fathoms collected during the day, and yielded twenty-sis species of Copepoda; and so

on as in the Table.

Table II. — Summary of Tow-net Collections.

Surface Tow-net Gatherin,a;s.

FEOM THE GULP OF GUINEA. 11

Two fathoms Tow-net Gathering.

19 N

Two and half fathoms Tow-not Gathering. ^,

88 D

■ V

23 ■

Three fathoms Tow-net Gatherings.

24 D 33 N 35 D 38 N

21 ' 11 ' 6 ' 9 •

Five fathoms Tow-net Gathering.

89 D

17 •

Ten fathoms Tow-uet Gatherings.

41 D 42 D 45 N 50 D 51 N 54 X 55 N 64 D 65 D 07 D

~2r' ~I5~' ^2]~' ^22"' 25 ' 20 ' 21 ' 27 ' ^^T' ^23"'

69 D 72 D 100 D 114 D

~Jd~' 36 ' 19 ' 32 •

Fifteen fathoms Tow-net Gatherings.

15 N 18 D 71 N

TS'' 11 ' 39 •

Twentj' fathoms Tow-net Gatherings.

47 N 52 y 53 N 56 D 66 D 08D 70 D 9(:)J) 101 D 109 D

24 ' 30 ' 29 ' 26 ' 27 ' 39 ' 23 ' ~2T ' IS ' ^22^'

115 D

28

Twent3'-five fathoms Tow-net Gatherings.

1J5; 5N 61) lOJf 17 D 20 N 231) 25 D 29 D

"25"' 10' 21' 16 ' "15"' T6~' "29"' "30"' li7~'

Thirty fathoms Tow-net Gatherings.

43 D 46 N 57J) 113 D

27 ' 36 ' 45~' ~li5'-

Thirty-five fathoms Tow-net Gathering.

58 D

33 •

Fifty fathoms Tow-net Gatherings.

2 N 4 N 7 D UN 21 D 26 D 30 D 44 D

26"' 3r' U' 13 ' liE~' "30"' "UT" "ST"

Sixty fathoms Tow-net Gathering.

59 D

T5"-

o*

12 ME. T. iSCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

Eighty-five fathoms Tow-net Gathering.

116 D

14 '•

One hundred fathoms Tow-net Gathering.

27*

One hundred and thirty-five fathoms Tow-net Gathering.

117 D

One hundred and sixty fathoms Tow-net Gathering.

60 D

•JO •

One hundred and eighty-five fathoms Tow-net Gathering.

118 D

Two hundred and thirty-five fathoms Tow-net Gathering.

119 D

33 •

Two hundred and sixty fathoms Tow-net Gathering.

61 D

"26"-

Three hundred and sixty fathoms Tow-net Gathering.

62 D

"IT"

Four hundred and sixty fathoms Tow-net Gathering.

63 D

^8"-

The following separate Lists, representing about 16'6 per cent, of the entire number of

the ' Buccaneer ' tow-nettings, are given for the purpose of showing, among other details,

the comparative differences in the general grouping of species in gatherings collected at

the surface from others collected at various depths.

The richest hauls — that is, those containing the greatest number of species — were

uuder-surface gatherings, and were, with few exceptions, from no very extreme depths.

Several o-ood catclies were also obtained by working the tow-net at the surface during

the night (see Table II.). The gathering that yielded the greatest number of species was

No. 62 from 300 fathoms, collected during the middle of the day, on January 22nd, in

lat. 1° 55' 5'' N., long. 5° 55' 5" E. ; forty-seven species were obtained in this gathering.

The collection that appeared to contain the greatest number of individuals was No. 113,

from 30 fathoms, collected during the middle of the day, on Tebruary 5th, at Station 23.

FEOM THE GULF OF GUINEA.

13

List I. — Tow-net Gatlieving No. 3, surface, collected at Station 2, January 1st, 1886,

between 0 and 8.15 p.m. The specific gravity of the water calculated at 60° F, was

1'0221, surface temperature of water 82°"2 E.

Euchaita marina {PrestandrM).

Temora stjiifera {Bana).

Candace paohydactyla, Dana.

Labidocera detruncata, var. intermedia.

Pontellina plumata, Dana.

Oithona Challengeri, Bradij.

Microsetella atlantica, Bradi/ cj- liobertsoti.

Mii-acia eiferata, Dana.

Clytemnestra rostrata {Brady).

Setella gracilis, Dana.

Corycaeus varius, Dana.

pellucidus, Dana.

venustus, Dana.

Oncsea oblusa {Dana).

Copilia mirabilis, Dana.

Saphirina ovalis, Dana.

List II. — This List gives the number of species obtained in Tow-net Gathering No. -i,

from 50 fathoms, collected at Station 2 (lat. T 54' N., long. 17° 25' AY.), January 1st,

between 7.20 and 8.20 p.m.

Calanus valgus, Brady.

■ gracilis, Dana.

comptus, Dana.

Eucalanus atteuuatus, Dana.

Hemicalanus longicornis. Clans.

plumosus, Claug.

Heterocalanus serricaiuLitus, n. sp.

Pleuromma abdominalo (LuhhocJc).

Undina vulgaris, Dana.

Scolecithrix Danoe, LuhhorJc.

■ Bradyi, (Jicslirccht.

securifrons, n. sp.

cteiiopus, Giesbreclit.

tenuipes, n. sp.

Euclueta marina (Prestandrea).

hebes, Gicsbrecht.

• australis, Brady.

Euchseta barbata, Brady.

yEtidius armatus, Brady.

Clausocalanus arcuicornis (Dana).

Phyllopus bidentatus, Brady.

Candace pectinata, Brady.

■ pachydactyla, Dana.

intermedia, n. sp.

Aeartia laxa, Dana.

Oitbona Challengeri, Brady.

Setella gracilis, Dana.

Corycffius varius, Dana.

speciosus, Dana.

Oncaea obtusa ( Dana).

gracilis ( Dana).

Saphirina metallina, Dana.

*Saphirinella stylifera (Lubbock).

List III. — Tow-net Gathering Xo. 8, 100 fathoms, collected at Station 3, January 2ud,

Specific gravity of tlie water at 100 fathoms

between 9 a.m. and 5.30 p.m.

1-02608, temperature 56°-4 F.

Calanus pro))in(|uus, Brady.

Eucalanus attenuatus, Dana.

Ehincalanus cornutus, Dana.

Hemicalanus longicornis. Clans.

Augaptilis longicaudatus {Clans).

Calocalanus pavo (Dana).

Heterochajta spiuifrons, Claus.

Leuckartia flavicornis, Claus.

Scolecithrix Danse {Lnbboch).

minor, Brady.

Euch;eta marina (Pr> stand rca).

jEtidius armatus, Brady.

Temora stylifera (Dana).

Aeartia laxa, Dana.

Phaenna spinifera, Clans.

Oithona Challengeri, Brady.

* SajjhlrinLlla is now known to be the male form of CopfVi'rt, of which there are several species.

14

Mli. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

Miracia efferata, Dana.

Machairopus (?) idyoides, Brady.

Setella gracilis, Dana.

Corycaeus varius, Dana.

speciosus, Dana.

Oncaja obtusa {Dana).

Oncaea gracilis (Dana).

Copilia mirabilis, Dana.

Lubbockia squDlimana, Glaus.

Saphiriiia metallina, Dana.

Sapbirinella stylifera {Lubhod').

List IV.— Tow-net Gathering No. 14-, surface, lat. 5° 58' N., long. 14° 20' W., January 5tli.

Collected in the evening after darkness set in.

Calanus valgus, Bradi/.

propinquus, Brad;/.

Eucalanus attenuatus, Dana.

Rhincalanus corniitus, Dana.

Leuckartia flavicornis, Claiis.

TJndina vulgaris, Dana.

Euchirella messinensis (Chins).

Scolecitbrix Danse (Lubhocl-).

Eucheeta marina (Prestandrea).

Candace pachydactyla, Dana.

Pontcllopsis villosa, Brady,

Pontellina plumata, Dana.

Labidoeera detruncata, var. intermedia, n. var.

Oithona setigera, Dana.

Miracia efferata, Dana.

Setella gracilis, Dana.

Corycoeus varius, Dana.

speciosus, Dana.

pellucidus, Dana.

Oncaea obtusa, Dana.

Copilia mirabilis, Dana.

Sapbirina ovalis, Dana.

Saphiriuella stylifera (Lubbock).

List V.— Tow-net Gathering No. 21, 50 fathoms, Station 9 (lat. 3^ 0' 8" N., long. 7° 43' W.),

January 10th. Collected at noon. Temperature (corrected) of water at 50 fathoms

59°-59 P., sp. gr. 1-02G32.

Eucalanus setiger, Brady.

attenuatus, Dana.

spinifer, n. sp.

Ehincalanus cornutus, Dana,

Hemicalanus longicornis. Clans.

Augaptilis longicaudatus (Glaus).

Leuckartia flavicornis, Claus.

Scolecitbris Danae (Lubbock).

Bradyi, Giesbreclit.

ctenopus, Gu'sbreclit.

tenuipes, n. sp.

Eucbaeta marina (I'restandrea),

Hcssei, Brady, var. similis, n. var.

Candace pacbydactyla, Dana,

intermedia, n. sp.

Acartia laxa, Dana,

Clausocalanus arcuicornis (Dana),

Temora stylifera (Dana),

Phaenna spinifera, Clans.

Pontellina plumata (Dana),

Oithona Challengeri, Brady,

Euterpe gracilis, var. armata, n. var.

Miracia efferata, Dana,

Clytemuestra rostrata (Brady).

Setella gracilis, Dana.

CorycEeus varius, Dana,

speciosus, Dana.

pellucidus, Dana.

limbatus, Brady.

Oncaea obtusa, Dana.

gracilis, n. sp.

mediterranea (Claus).

Copilia mirabilis, Dana.

Saphiriua metallina, Dana,

Saphiriuella stylifera (LubbocJc).

PEOM THE GULF OF GUINEA.

15

List VI.— Tow-net Gathering No. 29,

13th. Collected hetween 8 a.m

sp. gr. 1-02606.

Calanus valgus, Bradif.

gracilis, Dana.

Paracalanus parvus (Claus).

Eucalanus setiger, Bradij.

attenuatus, Dana.

f;piinfer, n. sp.

Khiuoulauus cornutus, Dana.

Hemicalanus mucrouatus, Clans.

Calocalanus pavo (Dana).

Heterocliaita spinifrons, Claus.

Leuckartia flavicornis, Clans.

TJndiua vulgaris, Dana.

Scolecithrix Dante {Luhbocl-).

ctenopus, G-ieshrecM.

Eucha?ta marina {Prestandrea).

hebes, Giesbrecht.

.^tidius armatus, Brady.

Clausooalanus furcatus (Bradi/).

Centropages violaceus, Claws.

25 fathoms, lat. 3° 58' N., long. 3° -12' W., January

and 1 P.M. Temperature at 25 fathoms 67°"7 F.,

ilecynocera Clausi, /. C Thompson.

Candace pachydactyla, Dana.

Acartia laxa, Dana.

Pontellina plumata (Dana).

Miracia efFerata, Dana.

Clytemnestra rostrata (Brady).

Setella gracilis, Dana.

Corycseus varius, Dana.

spcciosus, Dana.

— • pellucidus, Dana.

venustus, Dana.

Onciea obtusa, Dana.

Copilia mirabilis, Dana.

Saphirina opaca, Lubbock.

splendens, Dana.

metallina, Dana.

Sapliirinella stylifera (Lidibock).

Clausocalanus arouicornis (Dana).

List VII.~Tow-net Gathering No. 16, 30 fathoms, lat. 3° 22' 5" N., long. 4" 11' 8" E.

January 20th. Collected about 7 p.m.

Calanus valgus, Brady.

propiuquus, Brady.

gracilis, Dana.

Eucalanus setiger, Brady.

attenuatus, Dana.

llhincalanus cornutus, Dana.

Hemicalanus longicornis, Clan.t.

• mucronatus, Claus.

Pleuromma abdominale (Luhhoch).

Leuckartia flavicornis, Claus.

Undlna vulgaris, Dana.

EuchircUa messinensis (Claus).

Scolecitbrix Danae (Lidiboclc).

Euchaeta marina (Prestandrea).

^tidius armatus, Brady.

Temora stylifera (Dana).

Centropages furcatus (Dana).

Mecyuocera Clausi, I. C. Thompson.

Candace pectinata, Brady.

Acartia laxa, Dana.

Oithona Challengeri, Brady.

• setigera, Dana.

Microsetella atlantica, Brady ■.^- Boberfson.

Clytemnestra rostrata (Brady).

Setella gracilis, Dana.

CorycKus varius, Dana.

spcciosus, Dana.

limbatus, Brady.

Oncaja obtusa (Dana).

Copilia mirabilis, Dana.

Lubbockia squillimana, Claus.

Saphirina ovalis, Dana.

opaliua, Dana.

opaca, LuhbocJc.

metallina, Dana.

Saphirinolla stylifera (Lubbocl-).

16

MR. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTKACA

List VIII.— Tow-net Gathering No. 55, 10 fathoms, lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long 5° 55' 5" E.,

January 22nd. Collected during the middle of the day. Temperature (corrected)

of the water 81°-98 P., surface sp. gr. 1-02358.

Paracalanus parvus (Claus).

Eucalanus attenuatus, Dana.

Euchasta marina {Prestandrea).

Clausooalamis furcafcus {Brady).

Temora stylifera (Dana).

Ceiitropages furcatus (Dana).

violaceus, Clans.

Candaoe pectinata, Brad//.

Pontellina plumata (Dana).

Oithona Challengeri, Brady.

Miraoia efferata, Dana.

Setella gracilis, Dana.

Corj-ciEus varius, Dana.

speoiosus, Dana.

pellucidus, Dana.

Oncsea obtusa (Dana).

Copilia mirabilis, Dana.

8aphirina ovalis, Dana.

insqualis, Dana.

opaoa, Lubbock.

Saphirinella stylifera (Lubbock).

List IX. — Tow-net Gathering No. 57, 30 fathoms. Locality, date, and time of collection

the same as List VIII. Temperature of the water 63°-98 F.

Calamis valgus, Brady.

propiiKjuus, Brady.

gracilis, Dana.

Paracalanus parvus (Claus).

Eucalanus attenuatus, Dana.

Ehincalanus cornutus, Dana.

Hcmicalanus longicornis, Claus.

Calocalanus pavo (Dana).

plumulosus (Claus).

Heterochieta splnifrons, Claus.

Leuckartia flavicornis, Claus.

Undina vulgaris, Dana.

Scoleeithrix Danre: (Lubbock).

minor, Brady.

Bradyi, Giesbrcchf.

ctenopus, Oksbreclit.

Euchajta marina (Prestandrea).

^tidius armatus, Bradif.

Clausocalanus furcatus (Brady).

arcuicornis (Dana).

Temora stylifera (Dana).

longicornis (^I'dller).

Mecynooera Clausi, /. C. TJiompson.

Centropagos furcatus (Dana).

Candace pachydactyla, Dana.

intermedea, n. sp.

truucata, Dana.

Acartia laxa, Dana.

Pontellina plumata, Dana.

Oithona Challengeri, Brady.

Microsctella atlantica, Brady Sf Robertson.

Miracia efferata, Dana.

Setella gracilis, Dana.

Coryeasus varius, Dana.

speciosus, Dana.

■ pellucidus, Dana,

limbatus, Brady.

venustus, Dana.

Onea?a obtusa (Dana).

Copilia mirabilis, Dana.

Lubbockia squillimana, Claus.

Sapliirina ovalis, Dana.

metallina, Dana.

Saphirinella stylifera (Lubbock).

List X. — Tow-net Gathering No. 59, 60 fathoms. Locality, date, and time of collection

the same as List VIII. Temperature of water 60°-25 P., sp. gr. 1-02029.

Eucalanus setigcr, Brady. Hoterochoeta spinifrons, Claus.

Ehincalanus cornutus, Dana. Leuckartia flavicornis, Claus.

Pleuromma abdominale (Lubbock). Euchasta hebes, Gieshrecht.

FROM THE GULF OF GUINEA.

17

Candace pachydactyla, Dana.

yEtidius armatus, Bradif.

Phaemia spiniter, Claus.

Oithona ChaUengeri, Brady.

Corycseus varius, Daim.

Coryea3us spcciosus, Dana.

Copilia mirabilis, Dana.

Saphirina metallina, Dana.

Saphirinella stylifcra (Luhhoch).

List XI. — Tow-net Gathering No. 60, 160 fathoms. Locality, date, and time of collection

the same as List VIII. Temperature about 50° F.

Paraoalanus parvus (Clans).

Undina vulgaris, Dana.

Euchseta marina (Prestandrea).

Temora stylifcra {Dana).

Centropages violaceus, Claus.

Pontcllina phimata, Dana.

Labidocera dctruncata, var. intermedia.

Miracia etferata, Dana.

SetelJa gracilis, Dana.

Corycseus varius, Dana.

Corycseus speciosus, Dana.

pellucidus, Dana.

Onea;a obtusa (Dana).

Copilia mirabilis, Dana.

Saphirina ovalis, Dana.

inaequalis, Dana.

opaoa, Lubbock.

splendens, Dana.

Saphirinella stylifcra (Lubbock).

List XII.— Tow-net Gathering No. 61, 260 fathoms,

the same as List VIII. Temperature

Calanus valgus, Brady.

gracilis, Dana.

Eucalanus attenuatus, Dana.

Rhincalauus cornutus, Dana.

Hemicalanus longieornis, Claus,

Pleuromma abdominalis (L\d)bock).

Heterochaeta spinifrons, Claus.

Leuckartia flavicornis, Claus.

Scolecithrix Danse (Lubbock).

Bradyi, Giesbrechi.

^tidius armatus, Bradij.

Euchseta marina (Prestandrea).

Candace pectinata, Bradi/.

Locality, date, and time of collection

of water about 46° F.

Candace pachydactyla, Dana.

Pontellina plumata, Dana.

Oithona ChaUengeri, Bradij.

Miracia eiferata, Dana.

CorycKus varius, Dana.

speciosus, Dana.

pellucidus, Dana.

limbatus, Brady.

OncEea obtusa (Dana).

Copilia mirabilis, Dana.

Saphirina serrata, Brady.

Saphirinella stylifera (Lubbock).

Saphirella abyssicola, nov. gen. et sp.

List XIII. — Tow-net Gatbering No. 62, 360 fathoms. Locality, date, and time of collection

the same as List VIII. Temperature of water about 43° F.

Calanus propinquns, Brady.

Paracalanus parvus ( Clans).

Eucalanus attenuatus, Dana.

Rhincalanus cornutus, Dana.

Hemicalanus longieornis, Claus.

longicaudatus, Claus.

plumosus, Claus.

Augaptilis bectieus, Giesbrechi.

SECOND SERIES. — ZOOLOGY, VOL. VI.

Calocalanus pavo (Dana).

Pleuromma abdominale (Lubbock).

princeps, n. sp.

Leuckartia flavicornis, Claus.

Undina vulgaris, Dana.

Scolecithrix Dana? (Lubbock).

longieornis, n. sp.

liradyi, Giesbrechi.

18

MR. T. SCOTT ON ENT0310STRACA

Scolecithrix tenuipes, n. sp.

Amallophora dubia, nov. gen. et sp.

Euchiieta marina (Prestandrea).

harbata, Brady.

jEtidius armatus, Brady.

armiger, Gieshrecht.

Clausocalanus arcuicornia (Dana).

Phyllopus bidentatua, Brady.

Temora stylifera (Datia).

Candace tnincata, Dana.

Acartia laxa, Dana.

MormoniUa pbasma, Gieshrecht.

Phaiinna spinifera, Glaus.

Pontellina plumata, Dana.

Oithona Challeiigeri, Brady.

setiger, Dana.

Miracia efferata, Dana.

Setella gracilis, Dana.

^gisthus longirosh-is, n. sp.

Corycseus varius, Dana.

speciosus, Dana.

■ pellucidus, Dana.

limbatus, Brady.

obtiisus, Dana.

Onca^a obiusa (Dana).

gracilis (Dana).

Copilia mirabili.s, Dana.

Lubbockia squillimana, Glaus.

Saphirina iutequalis, Dana.

■ ■ metallina, Dana.

Sapbirinella stylifera (Luhhock).

List XIV. — Tow-net Gathering No. 63, 400 fathoms. Locality, date, and time of

collection the same as List VIII.

Calanus propincjuus, Brady.

gracilis, Dana.

Paracalanus parvus (Clans).

Eucalanus attenuatus, Dana.

Khincalanus cornutus, Dana.

Hemicalanus longicornis, Glaus.

Pleuromma abdominale (Lubhock).

Heterocha^ta siiiuifrous, Glaus.

Leuckartia flavicornis, Claws.

Undina viilgaris, Dana.

Eucbirella mcssiucnsis (Glaus).

Amallophora dubia, nov. gen. tt sp.

magna, n. sp.

Euchfet-a marina (Preslandrea).

Eucha^ta Hcssci, var. similis, n. var.

jEtidius armiger, Oieshrecht.

Temora longicornis (Midler).

Candace varicans, Gieshrecht.

Oithona Challengeri, Brady.

Microsetclla atlantica, Brady df Bohertson.

Longipedia minor, T. Sf A. Scott.

Clytemnestra rostrata, Brady.

Setelia gracilis, Dana.

Coryceeus varius, Dana.

speciosus, Dana.

venustus, Dana.

Oncoea obtusa (Dana).

(?) Saphirina nigromaculata, Glaus.

List XV.— Tow-net Gathering No. 08, 20 fathoms. Off Sao Thome Island (lat. 3° 34'

N., long. 0° 30' 4" E.). Collected after midday, January 23rd.

Calanus valgus, Brady.

propinquus, Brady.

gracilis, Dana.

Eucalanus attenuatus, Dana.

Khincalanus cornutus, Dana.

Hemicalanus longicornis, Glaus.

mucronatus, Glaus.

Augaptilis hecticus, Gieshrecht.

Eattrayi, n. sp.

Pleuromma abdominale (Luhhocl').

Heterochoeta spinifrons, Glaus.

Leuckartia flavicornis, Glaus.

Undina vulgaris, Dana.

Scolecithrix Dan^ (Luhhoch).

Bradyi, Gieshrecht.

ctenopus, Gieshrecht.

Euchaeta marina (Prestandrea).

■?, sp.

^tidius armatus.

Clausocalanus arcuicornis (Dana).

Temora stylifera (Dana).

Mecyuocera Clausi, /. G. Thonipson.

rKO.M THE GULF OF GUINEA.

19

Oandaee pectinata, Brady.

pachydactj'la, Dana.

truncata, Dana.

I'ontellina plumata, Dana.

Stenhelia aocraensis.

Setella gracOis, Dana.

Corjcaeus variiis, Dana.

speciosus, Dana.

pellucidus, Dana.

Cor3'caeus limbatus, Brady.

Onca;a obtusa {Dana).

Copilia mirabilis, Dana.

Lubbockia squillimana, Ohms.

Saphirina ovalis, Dana.

opaca, LtMock.

nietallina. Dana.

Sapbirinella stylifera (Luhlocl-).

List XVI.— Tow-net Gathering No. 71, 15 fatlioms, lat. 0° 28' 7" N.

Collected al)out 6 p.m., January 23rd.

long. 6° 35' 2" E.

Calanns valgus, Brady.

proi)inquiis, Dana.

gracilis, Dana.

ParacalaDus parvus (Claus).

Eucalanus attenuatus, Dana.

llhincalanus cornutus, Dana.

Hemicalanus lougieornis, Clans.

Hctcrochasta spiuifrons, Claus.

Undina vulgaris, Dana.

Scolecithrix Danse (IaMocJc).

Bradyi, GieshrecJd.

Euchaeta marina {Prestandrea).

hebes, Gieshrecht.

Clausocalanus fureatus (Brady).

Temora stylifera {Dawi).

longicornis, Midler.

Centropages \-iolaceus ( Glaus).

Candace pacbydactyla, Dana.

intermedia, n. sp.

Acartia laxa, Dana.

Pontelliua jilumata, Dana.

Uithona Challeiigeri, Brady.

Microsetella atlantica, Brady ^- Robertson.

Miracia efferata, Dana.

Clytemnestra rostrata (Brady).

Setella gracilis, Dana.

Coryca'us varius, Dana.

speciosus, Dana.

pellucidus, Dana.

limbatus, Brady.

venustus, Dana.

Oncasa obtusa (Dana).

Copilia mirabilis, Dana.

Lubbockia squillimana, Claus.

Saphirina iuEequalis, Dana.

opalina, Dana.

opaca, LiMock.

splendens, Dana.

Saphirinella stylifera (Luhbock).

List XVII. — Tow-net Gathering No. 82, surface.

Collected about midnight, January 28th.

Calanus valgus, Brady.

Paracalauus parvus (Claus).

Eucalanus attenuatus, Dana.

lihincalanus cornutus, Dana.

Leuckartia flavicornis, Claus.

Undina vulgaris, Dana.

Euchseta marina (Prestandrea).

Temora stylifera (Dana).

longicornis, Muller.

Centropages fureatus (Dana).

Candace pectinata, Brady.

iuteimedia, n. sp.

Pontellina plumata, Dana.

lat. 0° 22' 8" N., long. 8' 33' 2" E.

Sp. gr. of the water 1-02237.

Oithoua Challengeri, Brady.

Microsetella atlantica, Brady ^- Moberfson.

Euterpe gracilis, var. armata, n. var.

Clytemnestra rostrata (Brady).

Setella gracilis, Dana.

Corycaeus varius, Dana.

speciosus, Dana.

pellucidus, Dana.

obtusus, Dana.

Oncoea obtusa (Dana).

Saphirina ovalis, Dana.

inajqualis, Dana.

20.

Ml{. T. SCOTT ON EJNTOMOSTEACA

List XVIII. — Tow-net Gathering No. 91, shore (low tide), Sao Thome Island. Collected

during- the day, January 31st

Laophonte pygm^a, n. sp. Machairopus idyoidos, Brady.

longipes, n. sp.

List XIX.— Tow-net Gathering No. 92, surface, lat. 0° 7' & N., long. 6° 59' 2" E. Collected

February 2nd, shortly after midday.

Calanus valgus, Brady.

Temora stylifera (Dana).

Pontellina plumata, Dana.

Oithona Challcngeri, Brady.

Microsetella atlantica, B. ijj- R.

Miraoia efferata, Dana,

Corycoeus varius, Dana.

speciosus, Dana.

pellucidus, Dana.

venustus, Dana.

obtusus, Dana.

Oucuia obtusa (Dana).

List XX. — Tow-net Gathering

Collected Febr

Calanus valgus, Brady.

Rhincalauus cornutus, Dana.

Leuckartia flavicornis, Claus.

Undina vulgaris, Dana.

Seolecitbrix Bradyi, Giesbrecht.

Euchaita liebes, Gvshrecht.

Temora stylifera {Dana).

loDgicornis (Mailer).

Candace intermedia, n. sp.

Labidocera acutifroas (Dana).

Pontelliua plumata, Dana.

Oithona Challengeri, Brady.

Euterpe gracilis, var. armata, n. var.

No. 97, surface, lat. 0° 45' 8" S., long. 7° 37' 4" E.

uary 3rd, shortly after midnight.

Microsetella atlantica, Brady 4' Robertson.

Miracia efferata, Dana.

Clyta;muestra rostrata (Brady).

Setella gracilis, Dana.

Corycoeus varius, Dana.

speciosus, Dana.

pellucidus, Dana.

limbatus, Brady.

venustus, Dana.

Onca;a obtusa (Dana).

Lubbockia squillimana, Claus.

Saphirina iuKiqualis, Dana.

serrata, Brady.

List XXL— Tow-net Gatliering No. 113, 30 fathoms. Station 23 (lat. 4° 26' 7" S.,

11 A.M. and 3 p.m., Eebruary 5th. Tempera-

This gathering contained a greater number

species, than any other in the collection.

long. 10° r 8" E.). Collected between

ture 82°-l F., sp. gr. at noon 1-U2347.

of individual specimens, though not of

Calanus propinquus, Brady.

gracilis, Dana.

tonsus, Brady.

Eucalanus setigcr, Brady.

• attenuatus, Dana.

Rhiucalanus cornutus, Dana.

Hemicalanus longicornis, Claus.

mucrouatus, Claus.

Heterochaeta spinifrons, Claus.

Undina vulgaris, Dana,

Euchirella mcssinensis (Claus).

Seolecitbrix Danas (Lubbock).

Euchseta marina (Prestandrea).

barbata, Brady.

Candace pectinata, Brady.

pacbydactyla, Dana.

intermedia, n. sp.

— ■ — truncata, Dana.

Acartia laxa, Dana.

Phaenna spinifera, Claus.

FROM THE GULF OF GUIjNEA.

21

Labidocera acutifrons (Dana).

Pontella securitcra, Bradij.

Oithona Challengeri, Brady.

Corycseus varius, Dana.

speciosus, Dana.

Oncaja obtusa (Dana).

gracilis (Dana).

Copiliii mirabilis, Da?ia.

Copilia quadrata, Dana.

Rattrayi, n. sp.

Lubbockia squillimana, Claus.

Sapbiriua ina^qualis, Dana.

scrrata, Brady.

splcndcns, Dana.

metalliua, Dana.

Sapbiriiiella stylLfcra (Lubbock).

List XXII. — Tow-net Gathering No. 119, 235 fathoms, Station 23. Date and hour of

collection the same as last.

] -02648.

Calanus valgus, Brady.

propiuquus, Brady.

gracilis, Dana.

Eucalanus atteuuatus, Dana.

spinifer, n. sp.

Rhincalanus coniutus, Dana.

Hemicalanus longicornis (Claus).

plumosus, Claiis.

Plouromma abdominale (Lubbock).

Heterochajta spinifrons, Claus.

Leuckartia fiavicornis, Claus.

Scolecithrix minor, Brady.

Eucha3ta marina (Prestandrea).

uEtidius armatus, Brady.

Mecynocera Clausi, /. C. Thompson.

Acartia lasa, Dana.

Mormonilla j)hasma, Oicsbrecht.

At 200 fathoms the temperature was 55° E., sji. gr.

Euterpe gracilis, var. armata, n. var.

Microsetella atlantiea, Brady 4 Roherison.

Miracia efferata, Dana.

Clytemnestra rostrata (Brady).

Setclla gracilis, Dana.

.^ilgisthus longirostris, n. sp.

Oncaea obtusa (Dana).

gracilis (Dana).

Corycaeus varius, Dana.

speciosus, Dana.

Copilia mirabilis, Dana.

Lubbockia squillimana, Claus.

Saphirina splendens, Dana.

metallina, Dana.

Saphirinella stylifcra (Lubbock),

Artotrogus abyssioolus, n. sp.

List XXIIL— Tow-net Gathering Xo. 133, surface, lat. 6° 29' 4" S., long. 11° 24' 8" E.

Collected at 7.30 p.m., February 8th. Sp. gr. at 8 p.m. 1-02398.

Paracalanus parvus (Clai(s).

rieuromma abJominale (fyubhock).

Leuckartia flavieurnis, Claus.

Undina vulgaris, Dana.

Scolecithrix Dana; (Lubbock).

Temora dubia (Lubbock).

longicornis (Miiller).

Centropages brachiatus, Dana.

furcatus, Dana.

Candace pachydactyla, Dana.

intermedia, n. sp.

Pontellopsis villosa, Brady.

Pontella seourifer, Brady.

inermis, Brady.

Oithona seligera, Dana.

Microsetella atlantiea, Brady ^ Robertson.

Coryca3us varius, Dana.

■ speciosus, Dana.

obtusus, Dana.

Oncaea obtusa (Dana).

Lubbockia squillimana, Claris.

22

MK. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTRACA

List XXIV. — Tow-net Gathering No. 137, sur

Collected at 5 a.m., February 9th.

Calanus valgus, Brady.

• piopiiiquus, Brady.

Paracalauus parvus (Clans).

Eucalanus atteiiuatus, Dana.

Khincalanus cornutus, Dana.

Undina vulgaris, Dana.

Soolecithrix Danas (Lubbock).

Euehseta marina (Prestandrea).

Temora dubia (LubbocJc).

longicornis (Muller).

Candace pectinata, Brady.

Acartia lasa, Dana.

Pontellopsis villosa, Brady.

Labidocera acutifrons (Dana).

face, lat. 7° 38' S., long. 12° 3' 3" E.

Sp. gr. at 1 A.M. 102623.

Pontella securifer, Brady.

inermis, Brady.

Oithona plumifeia, Dana.

Coryeteus spociosus, Dana.

pelluoidus, Dana.

limbatus, Brady.

Oncsea obtusa (Dana).

Copilia mirabilis, Dana.

Lubbockia squillimana, Claus.

Sapbirina inaequalis, Dana.

opalina, Dana.

■ splendens, Dana.

Sapbirinella stj'lifera (LubbocJc).

List XXV. — Tow-net Gatherings Nos. 141, 142, 143, 144, and 145, surface, Loanda

Harbour. Collected during the afternoon, February 13th and 15th. Surface-tem-

perature at noon on the 13th was 78°'2 F. ; at noon on the 15th the surface-temperature

of the seaward part of the Harbour, where all the tow-net gatherings, except

No. 141, w^ere collected, was 79°'2 F. Few species were observed in any of the

Loanda Harbour gatherings.

Eucalanus attenuatus, Dana.

Temora longicornis (AliiUi'r).

Ceutropages brachiatus, Dana.

furcatus, Dana.

Acartia plumosa, n. sp.

Paracartia dubia, n. g. et sp.

spiuicaudata, n. g. et sp.

Oitbona setigera, Dana.

minuta, n. sp.

Longipedia minor, T. cj- A. Scott.

Euterpe gracilis, var. armata, n. var.

Corycoous obtusus (Dana).

Hersiliodes Livingstoni, n. sp.

Lichomolgus propinquus, n. sp.

COPEPODA.

INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES.

age

Acartia, Dana 65

Clausi, Giishrccht 67

denticornis, Brady 66

laxa, Da7ia 65

plumosa, n. sp 66

.^gisthus, Giesbrecht 104

longirostris, u. sp 104

Page

jEtidius, Brady 70

armatus, Brady 70

armiger, Giesbrecht 71

Amallophora, nov. subgen 54

dubia, n. sp 55

magna, n. sp 55

robusta, n. sp 56

Page

Amallophora typica, n. sp 54

Amymone, Claus 94

Andrewi, n. sp 94

Artotrogus, Boecl- 128

abyssicolus, n. sp 128

Augaptilis, Giesbrecht 34

hecticus, Giesbrecht 35

¥EOM THE GULF 0¥ GUINEA.

23

Page

A ugaptilis longicaudatus ( Clatis) 34

Eattrnyi, n. sp 36

Bradya, Boeck 02

brevicornis, n. sp 02

Calanus, Leach 24

comptus, Dtnia 26

gracilis, Dana 25

propiiKjuus, Braihj 25

tonsus, Brailif 25

valgus, Brad;/ 24

Caligus, MiiUer 120

bengoensis, n. sp 130

dubius, n. sp 130

Murrayanus, n. sp 120

(?) Tbymni, Da,i,( 120

Calocalanus, Gksbrecht 37

pavo (Dana) 37

plumulosus {Claus} 30

Candace, Dana 60

intermedia, n. sp 61

pacbydactyla, Dana CO

pectinata, Brad if Gl

truncata, Dana 63

varicaus, Gieshredit 62

Centropages, Kroi/er 77

brachiatus (Dana) 77

furcatus (Dana) 77

violaceus (Ckins) 78

Clausooalanus, Gieshredit .... 72

arcuicornis (Dana) 73

furcatus (Bradif) 72

latipes, n. sp 72

Cletodes, Brady OS

linearis (Clauf) 08

Clytemnestra, Dana 106

rostrata (Brady) 106

Copilia, Dana 113

denticulata, n. sp 114

Fultoni, n. sp 114

mirabilis, Dana 113

quadrata, Dana 113

Corycieus, Dana 110

limbatus, Brady Ill

obtusus, Dana. 112

pellucidus, Dana 110

speeiosus, Dana 112

varius, Dana 110

venustus, Dana Ill

Cyclopicera, Brady 127

Page

Cjxlopicera lata, Bradi/ 127

Dactylopus, Claus 08

latipes, n. sp 00

propinquus, n. sp 90

Ectinosoma, Beecl- 02

Chrystali, n. sp 02

Eucalanus, Dana 28

attenuatus, Dana 28

setigor, Brady 30

spinifer, n. sp 20

Euchffita, Philippi 57

australis, Brady 58

barbata, Brady 58

gigas, Brady 58

hebes, Gieshredit 50

var. valida, nov. var. . . 60

Hessci, Brady, var. similis. 58

nmrin'O. (Prestandrca) .... 57

pulchra (Luhhodc) 57

EuchireUa, Gieshredit 45

messinensis (Claus) 45

Euterpe, Claus 03

gracilis, Claus, var. artnata,

n. var 03

Harpacticus, M.-Edwards .... 102

ehelifer (Midler), var 102

Hemicalanus, Chius 32

longicornis, Claus 32

mucronatus, Claus 33

plumosus, Claus 33

Hersiliodes, Canu 118

Livingstoni, n. sp 118

Hessella, Brady 131

cylindrica, Brady 131

Heterocalanus, n. gen 30

serricaudatus, n. sp 40

HeteroohKta, Claus 43

spinifrons, Claus 43

Ilyopsyllus, Brady ^ Robertson . 101

affinis, n. sp 101

Labidocera, Lidjhodc 82

acutifrons, Dana 85

acutum, Dana 85

Darwinii, Luhhodc S3

detruncata, Dana, var. . . S3

Laophonte, Philippi 96

brevicornis, n. sp 07

longipes, n. sp 06

pygmtea, n. sp 97

Page

Laophonte sorrata (Claus) .... 96

Leuckartia, Claus 44

flavicoruis, Claus 44

Lichomolgus, Thorcll 1 20

congoeusis, n. sp 120

Longipedia, Claus 91

minor, T. l}- A. Scott .... 91

Lubbockia, Claris 115

squillimana, Claus 115

Machairopus, Brady 104

idyoides, Brady 104

Mecynocera, /. C. Thompson . 80

Clausi, /. C. Thompson . . 80

Microsetella, Brady ^f- Robertson. 01

atlautiea, Brady c|- Robert-

son 91

Miraeia, Dana 102

efferata, Dana 102

minor, n. sp 102

Mormonilla, Gieshredit 64

phasma, Giesbrccht 64

Nogagus, Leadi 1 30

validus, Dana 130

Oitbona, Baird 89

Challengeri, Brady 89

minuta, n. sp 90

plumifera, Dana 89

setigera, Dana 91

Onoasa, Philippi 116

gracilis (Dana) 116

mediterranea (Claus) .... 117

obtusa (Dana) IIG

Pachysoma, Claus 119

punctatum, Claus 110

Paracalanus, Botd- 26

parvus {Clans) 26

pygmseus (Claus) 27

Paracartia, u. gen 68

dubia, n. sp G9

spinicaudata, u. sp 69

Phaenna, Claus 81

spinilera, Claws 81

Phyllopus, Brady 74

bidentatus, Brady 74

Pleuromma, Claus 41

abdomiuale (Lubbod) .... 41

gracile, Claus 42

princeps, n. sp 42

Poutclla, Dana 85

24

ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

Page

Pontella inermis, Brady 85

mediterraiica (Claus) .... 86

securifera, Bnidij 86

Pontellina, Dana 88

plumata, Dana 88

Pontellojjsis, Brady 87

■villosa, Brady 87

Pontopsyllus, n. g 131

elongatus, n. sp 131

Pseudanthessius, Claris 121

propinquus, n. sp 12)

Rhincalanus, Dana 30

aculeatus, n. sp 31

cornutus, Dana 30

SaphireUa, n. gen 126

abyssicola, u. sp 126

Saphirina, /. C. Thompson .... 122

inaequalis, Dana 122

Page

Saphirina mctallina, Dana .... 125

opaca, LubhocJc 124

opalina, Dana .• ■ • • 123

ovalis, Dana 122

serrata, Brady 123

sinuicauda, Brady 125

splendens, Dana 124

Siphiriuella, Clans 126

stylifera (Luhhoch) 126

Scolecithrix, Brady 47

Bradyi, Giesbrecht 51

ctenopus, Giesbrecht 48

Dante (Lidiboek) 49

dubia, Giesbrecht 5.3

latipes, n. sp. . . .

longicornis, n. sp.

major, n. sp. ...

50

52

Page

Scolecithrix minor, Brady ... 50

securifrons, n. sp 47

tenuipes, n. sp 48

tumida, n. sp 52

Sctella, Dana 109

gracilis, Dana 109

Stenhelia, Boech 95

accraensis, n. sp 96

Temora, Baird 75

longicornis {MiUler) .... 76

stylifera {Dana) 75

Temoropia, n. gen 79

mayumbaensis, n. sp 79

Thalestris, Claas 100

forficula, Claus 100

Undina, Dana 44

vulgaris, Dana 44

Section I. GNATHOSTOMA, ThoreU.

Family CALANID^.

Genus Calanus, Leach.

1819. Calanus, Leach^ Diet. Nat. Sci. vol. xiv. Art. Entomostraca.

Calanus valgus, Brady.

1883. Calanus valgus, Brady, ' Challenger' Copepoda, p. 33, pi. iii. figs. 1-7.

Habitat. Station 2 (lat. 7° 54' N., long. 17° 25'W.),in 5 and 25 fathoms, tow-nettings,

January 1st (night collection). Lat. 3° 58' N., long. 3° 42' W., in 25 and 50 fathoms,

tow-nettings, January 13th (day collections). Banauah Creek, Mouth of the Congo,

surface tow-netting ^day collection). Lat. 7° 51' G"-8, long. 11° 11' 7" E., surface

tow-netting (night collection), &c.

This species was obtained in 55 tow-nettings, 21 of which were surface nettings and 31

under-surface nettings : 5 of the surface and 22 of the under-surface nettings were day

collections, while 19 surface and 11 under-surface nettings were night collections, as

shown in the annexed formula : —

f 5 day collections,

r 24 surface 1 19 night ditto.

Tow-nettmgs 55 < . -.^ , ,.^,

I 31 under-surface / ^^ day ditto.

1 11 night ditto.

The under-surface tow-nettings ranged from 5 to 260 fathoms. Calanus valgus was

taken in the open sea, where the specific gravity of the water was 1-02620, and the

FEOM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 25

temperature 82°'2 P., and at Bananali Creek, where the sp. gr. of the water was 1-00870

and the temperature 82° F. It was also captured at a depth of 260 fathoms (as recorded

above), where the temperature of the water was about 16° F. This species is thus

apparently able to exist under very varied conditions, as regards the density and tem-

perature of the water. It also appeared to be generally distributed throughout the area

examined, but was more plentiful near, and south of, the Equator. The flexed position

of the right fifth foot of the male, referred to by Dr. Brady in his Eeport on the

' Challenger ' Copepoda, was also observed in many of ' Buccaneer ' specimens.

Calanus peopinqtjus, Brady.

1883. Calanus propinquus, Brady, op. cit. p. 34, pi. ii. figs. 1-7, pi. xiv. figs. 10, 11.

Habitat. Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E., 360 fathoms, day collection, January

22nd. Station 23, surface and 235 fathoms, day collections, February 5th.

This species, though only satisfactorily identified in tow-nettings from the localities

described, may have occurred in others. Usually I was unable to identify this Calanus

with certainty, except by carefully dissecting the specimens ; hence the probability of its

being of more frequent occurrence in the collection than the few localities given for it

would seem to indicate.

Calanus tonsus, Brady.

1883. Calanus tonsus, Brady, op. cit. p. S-i, pi. iv. figs. 8, 9.

Eahltat. In a tow-netting from Station 23, a surface gathering.

The large and tumid first abdominal segment seems to be a fairly good character

of this species.

Calanus gracilis, Dana.

1852. Calanus gracilis, Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped. p. 1078, pi. Ixxiv. fig. 10.

1883. Calanus gracilis, Brady, op. cit. p. 35, pi. v. figs. 1-6, and pi. xlvi. fig. 1.

Habitat. Station 2, 5 fathoms, night tow-netting, January 1st. Station 3, 25 fathoms,

January 2nd (day collection). Lat. 3° 22' 5" N., long. 4° 11' 8" E., 30 fathoms, January

20th (night collection). Station 21, surface, February 3rd (day collection). Station 23,

surface and 235 fathoms (the first a day, the other a night collection).

Calanus gracilis was obtained in 19 tow-nettings — 4 of these were surface gatherings and

15 were under-surface gatherings. 2 of the surface and 12 of the under-surface tow-

nettings were day collections, while 2 of the surface and 4 of the under-surface were

night collections, as in the formula : —

2 day collections.

1.

..• -,n( ^^'^'^^"^ I 2 night ditto.

Tow-nettmgs 19 -^ ^-.^i ,-..

( 15 under-surface | ^^ day ditto.

l 4 night ditto.

The under-surface tow-nettings ranged from 5 to 160 fathoms. Though frequent in a

few of the gatherings in which it occurred, Calanus gracilis was not a common species,

SECOND SERIES. — ZOOLOGY, VOL. VI. 4

26 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

l)ut was> nevertlieless, -widely though sparingly distributed throughout the greater part of

the area examined. The specimens obtained were mostly females, and were readily

distinguished from the other species of Calanns by the long anterior antenntie and the

peculiar terminal spine of the first swimming-feet.

? Calanus comptus, Dana. (PI. V. figs. 46-50; PI. VI. figs. 1-5.)

1853. Calanus comptus, Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped. p. 1050, pi. Ixxii. fig. 2a.

Hale. Length, exclusive of tail-setae, 3'3 mm. Body composed of sis segments, the

first as long as the entire length of the other five. Anterior antennae scarcely longer

than the cephalothorax, 23-jointed, and very sparingly setiferous ; the proportional

lengths of the joints are nearly as in the formula : —

36 . 6 . 6 . 7 . 8 ■ 8 . 7 ■ 8 . 11 . 12 ■ 13 . 17 . 18 . 20 . 20 ■ 21 . 22 . 22 . 18 ■ 10 . 18 . 19 . 10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23'

Posterior antennae and mouth-organs nearly as in Calanus fimnarcliicus. The first

four pairs of swimming-feet closely resemble those of Cal. gracilis, Dana, the peculiar

terminal spine of the outer branches of the first pair in both species being almost

identical. The fifth pair also resemble those of that species, as figured in the ' Challenger '

Copepoda, except that the small secondary branch is 3-jointed. Abdomen short,

5-jointed, the second segment rather longer than any of the others. Caudal stylets

short.

Habitat. Lat. 6° 34' N., long. 12° 39' W,, surface collection. One or two specimens

only were obtained.

This Calamis so closely resembles Calanus gracilis in many respects that I am inclined

to consider it as simply a variety of that species.

Genus Paracalanus, Boeck (1864).

Paracalantjs parvus (Claus). (PI. I, figs. 9-14.)

18G3. Calanus parvus, Claus, Die freilebendeu Copepoden, p. 173, t. xxvi. figs. 10-14, t. xxvii. figs. 1-4.

1864. Paracalanus parvus, Boeck, Oversigt Norges Copepoder, p. 232.

Length 1"12 mm. Cephalothorax elongate-ovate, rounded in front and behind.

Anterior antennae reaching to the end of the caudal stylets, 24-jointed ; the proportional

lengths of the joints are as follow (antennae the same in both sexes) : —

35 ■ 25 ■ 12 . 12 . 10 . 10 . 12 ■ 13 . 10 . 10 . 10 . 13 . 12 . 13 . 15 . 15 . 15 . 15 . 15 . 15 . 13 . 14 . 15 . 27

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24*

Posterior antennae and mouth-organs as in Calanns. The inner branch of the first

pair of swimming-feet 2-jointed, about as long as the first two joints of the outer

branch ; the basal joint of the peduncle bears a stout plumose seta near the inner distal

angle. The basal joints of both branches of the fourth pair are small, the second and

third joints of the inner branch and tlie second joint of the outer branch are furnished

on the side with an armature of spines as in the figure (fig. 11), and the outer margin of

the last joint of the outer branch is distinctly dentate from the base to the first marginal

TEOM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 27

spine. All the first four pairs of swimming-feet liave the inner margins of both branches

furnished with long plumose hairs. The fifth feet in the male are 1-branched — the

right short, 3-jointed, and terminating in two short spines of unequal length ; the left

5-jointed, apparently hinged between the first and second joints ; length of the joints

subequal, the last terminating in two small spines. Fifth pair of feet in the female

1-branched, 2-jointed, the last joint much narrower than the first and terminating in

one long and one short spiniform setse.

Bahltat. Lat. 6° 34' N., long. 12° 39' W., surface, January 6th (day collection). Off

Accra, 3 fathoms, January 15th (night collection). Lat. 1" 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E.,

10, 20, 30, 360, and 160 fathoms, January 22nd (day collection). Station 18, surface

tow-netting, February 3rd (day collection). Station 21i (off the mouth of the Congo

River), surface tow-netting, February 6th (day collection). Lat. 5° 9' 8" S., long. 11°

10' 4" E., surface tow-netting, February 19th (day collection), &c.

Paracalanus parvus occurred in 19 tow-nettings, 29 of which were surface and 20

under-surface gatherings. The under-surface tow-nettings ranged from 2^ to 460

fathoms. 11 of the surface and 16 of the under-surface tow-nettings were day col-

lections, while 18 surface and 4 under-surface were night collections, as in the

formu.la : —

r 11 day collections,

r 29 surface 1 18 night ditto.

Tow-nettmgs 49 < ^-.n ^ v^i.

\ 20 under-surface X ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^O"

I 4 night ditto.

This species was comparatively frequent in all the gatherings in which it was

observed.

Paracalanus pyoai^L's (Claus). (PL I. figs. 1-8.)

1863. Calanus pijffnueus, Claus, Die freilebenden Copepoden, p. 74.

Female. Length 7 mm. (l-36th of an inch). Body robust, composed of four

segments, the first being fully twice the entire length of the outer three ; rostrum short,

stout, prominent. Anterior antennae reaching beyond the cephalothorax, 24-jointed,

sparingly setiferous ; sette mostly small, except towards the extremity, where there are

several moderately long hairs ; the proportional lengths of the joints are as shown in

the formiila : —

30 ■ 6 ■ .5 ■ 5 ■ .5 . 5 . 5 . 5 ■ G ■ 7 . 8 . 8 ■ 8 ■ 8 ■ 8 . 7 ■ S . 11 ■ 8 ■ 12 ■ U ■ 12 . lo . 15

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24'

Posterior antennoe small, provided with moderately long setse; the primary branch

composed of two nearly equal joints ; secondary branch fully half the length of the other ;

7-jointed, the third, fourth, and fifth joints very short, the others longer and subequal.

Mouth-organs as in Paracalanus j^arcus. The swimming-feet are also similar to those

of that species, but differ in their armature, especially in having the second as well as

the last joints of the outer branches of the second, third, and fourth pairs serrate on the

outer margin, in the terminal spines being proportionally smaller, and in both branches

4*

28 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

of the fourth pair being more slender. The fifth pair resemble those of Faracalanus

parvus, but are proportionally stouter and have much shorter terminal spines. Abdomen

small, composed of four segments, the second and third segments very short. Caudal

stylets nearly as long as the last abdominal segment, breadth about half the length ;

apical setse four. No males were observed.

Rahitat. Lat. 3° 57' 2" N., long. 7° 42' 8" W., 2 fathoms, January 9th (night collection).

Libreville, Gaboon River, surface, January 28th (day collection). Bananah Creek,

Congo River, surface, February 7th (day collection).

Comparatively few specimens of Faracalanus pygmceus were obtained.

Genus Eucalantjs, Dana.

Eucalanus and Calarms (iu part), Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped. (1852).

ElJCALANUS ATTENUATUS, Dana.

1852. Calanus attenuatus, Dana, loc. cit. p. 1080, pi. Ixxv. fig. 2.

1856. Calanus mirabilis, Lubbock, Trans. Entom. Soc. vol. iv. pi. v. figs. 1-6.

1883. Eucalanus attenuatus, Brady, op. cit. p. 38, pi. ii. figs. 8-10, pi. vi. figs. 1-8.

Habitat. Station 2, 5, 25, and 50 fathoms tow-nettings, January 1st (night collections).

Station 9, 25 and 50 fathoms tow-nettings, January 10th (day collections). Station 14,

10 fathoms tow-netting, January 21st (night collection). Lagoon Island, Sao Thome,

surface tow-netting, January 28th (night collection). Station 23, surface, 10, 20, 85, 135,

185, and 235 fathoms tow-nettings, February 5th (day collections). Bananah Creek,

Congo River, surface tow-netting, February 7th (day collection). Loanda Ilarbour

(seaward), surface, February 15th (day collection).

This was one of the more common and generally distributed sj)ecies in the ' Buccaneer '

collections. It occurred in 89 tow-nettings, 41 of these being surface and 48 under-

surface gatherings. The under-surface tow-nettings ranged in depth from 2 to 460

fathoms. 18 of the surface and 35 of the under-surface gatherings were collected

during the day, while 23 of the surface and 13 of the under-surface were collected during

the night, as in the formula: —

18 day collections.

r 18 day collectic

-41 surface \ 23 night ditto.

Tow-nettings 89-

Us under-surface J 3-^ "^"^^ ^^^^^'O-

1 13 night ditto.

Eucalanus attenuatus was taken at the surface in the open sea, the specific gravity of

the water being 1-02543 and temperature 85°-5 F., and at 360 fathoms with the tem-

perature of the water at about 43° F. It was taken off the mouth of the Congo River,

where the specific gravity of the water was 1-01984 and the temperature 82° F. (the

colour of the water here, — lat. 6° 54' 3" S., long. 11° 33' E., — was "brownish olive-green to

amber-brown "), and at Bananah Creek, where the specific gravity was only 1'00870. It

will be observed from these records that this Eucalanus is able to live in water of very

varied character, as regards density and temperature. A species capable of existing

FEOM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 29

under such a diversity of conditions might be expected to have a wide distribution, and

such is the case witli this Eucalamis. Dana has recorded it from the Pacific and China

Seas. In the ' Challenger ' Report it is recorded from the Malayan and Australasian

Seas. Sir John Lubbock has recorded it from the Bay of Biscay * and Mr. I. C.

Thompson from Madeira and the Canary Islands f. Prof. Claus records a Calanella from

the Mediteranean, which Dr. Brady thinks is " in all probability identical with the

present species."

EUCALANUS SPINIFER, n. sp. (PI. I. figs. 15-23.)

Length 5"5 mm. Forehead triangular ; rostrum as in Eucalanus attenuatus ; postero-

lateral angles produced and spiniform ; anterior antennae 22-jointed, reaching to the

extremity of the caudal stylets, the proportional lengths of the joints are nearly as

follows : —

40 ■ 11 . 11 ■ 12 . 12 . 13 . 20 . 18 . 20 . 2-5 . 29 . 27 . 29 . 29 . 29 . 26 . 29 . 27 . 24 . 2.3 . 13 . 10

12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22"

The secondary branch of the posterior antennae small, 7-jointed, the two basal and the

terminal joints longer than the others, both branches furnished with numerous plumose

hairs. The secondary branch of the mandible-palp 3-jointed, stouter and nearer the

distal end of the large basal part than that of E. attenuatus; both branches furnished with

a number of long hairs, those of the secondary branch being setiferous from the middle

to near the extremity (fig. 17). Anterior and posterior foot-jaws as in E. attenuatus.

The inner branches of first pair of swimming-feet 2-jointed, joints subequal; the

following three pairs as in Eucalanus attenuatus. Fifth pair of feet in the male

1-branched, each branch 4-jointed, the last joint terminating in a long somewhat curved

spine ; on tlie inner margin and near the base of the spine springs a stout plumose hair,

the length of which exceeds that of the terminal spine. Abdomen very short and 3-

jointed, the basal joint as long as the other two together. Caudal stylets nearly as long-

as the last two abdominal segments, each stylet furnished with five plumose hairs, the

inner one being about half the length of the other four, which are about equal.

Habitat. Station 9, 50 fathoms tow-netting, January 10th (day collection). Lat.

5"" 10' N., long. 3° 56' 2" W., inshore surface tow-netting, January 12th (night

collection). Lat. 3° 58' N., long. 3' 42' W., 25 fathoms tow-netting, January 13th (day

collection). Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E., 35 fathoms tow-netting, January 22nd

(day collection). Lat. 4° 26' 7" S., long. 10° 1' 8" E., 238 fathoms tow-netting, February

5th (day collection).

The tow-nettings from the localities described were the only gatherings in which this

Eucalanus was observed, but, though its distribution was limited, a considerable number

of specimens were obtained. Its chief and most apparent distinctive characters are the

spiniform lateral angles of the last thoracic segment and the form of the male fifth feet.

Eucalanus spinifer is also a larger and more robust species than Eucalanus attenuatus,

which it closely resembles.

* Trans. Entom. Soc. vol. iv. pt. 2, p. 10. t Trans. Linn. Soc.

30 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTRACA

EuCALANUS SETIGER, Brady.

1883. Eucalanus sethjer, Brady, op. cit. p. 39, pi. iii. figs. 8-15.

Sahitat. Station 2, 50 fathoms, January 1st (night collection). Station 9, 50 fathoms,

January 10th (day collection). Off Accra, surface and 3 fathoms tow-nettings, January 16th

(day collection). Lat. 0° 45' 8" S., long. 7° 37' 4" E., surface tow-netting, Eehruary 2nd

(night collection). Bananah Creek, Congo River, surface tow-netting, February 7th (day

collection), &c.

Eucalanus setiger was observed in 32 tow-nettings, 15 of which were surface and 17

under-surface gatherings. The under-surface tow-nettings were from various dej)ths,

ranging from 3 to 60 fathoms. Of the surface gatherings 10 of them were day, and 5

(including 1 close inshore) were night collections. Of the under-surface gatherings,

11 were day and 6 were night collections, as in the formula : —

f 10 day collections.

n. ,,. „r 15 surface -y 5 ^igi,t ditto.

Tow-nettmgs 32-< ^ ,, ^ ,.^

1 17 under-surface | ^^ ^^^ '^^tto.

1 6 night ditto.

By comparing this with other formula it will be observed that Eucalanus setiger

occurred in a proportionally greater number of day surface tow-nettings than do the

majority of the species recorded in this Report, the occurrence of which is frequent

enough to admit of comparison. This difference may only be due to accidental causes ;

nevertheless it seems of sufficient interest to be worth noting, as possibly indicating less

susceptibility to the influence of daylight or sunlight than those species which occur more

frequently in night than in day surface collections.

Eucalanus setiger, like Eucalanus attenuatus, seems able to exist under very varied

conditions as regards the density and temperature of the Avater : it was obtained in the

open sea at Station 2 (50 fathoms), the density of the water being about 1*02020 and

temperature (corrected) 56°-85 E. ; at Station 23 (surface), density 1'02347 and temperature

82°-l E. ; and at Bananah Creek, where the density of the water was only 1"00870. This

may readily Ije distinguished from the other Eucalani of this Report by its smaller size

and by lateral setoe on the last two thoracic segments.

Genus Rhincalanus, Dana (1852).

Rhincalanus cornuttjs, Dana.

1852. Rhincalanus cornutus, Dana, loc. cit. p. 1083, pi. Ixxvii. figs. 2a-d.

1883. Rhincalanus cornutus, Brady, op. cit. ]). 11, pi. vii. figs. 1-10.

Eahitat. Station 3, 100 fathoms tow-netting, January 2nd (day collection). Station 9,

25 and 50 fathoms tow-nettings, January 10th (day collection). Station 14, 10 and 20

fathoms, January 21st (night collection). Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 55" E., 30, 60,

260, 360, and 460 fathoms tow-nettings, January 22nd (day collections). Station 23,

surface, and 10, 20, 85, 135, 185, and 235 fathoms tow-nettings, Eehruary 5th (day

collections), &c.

FEOM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 31

This species was observed in 70 tow-nettings, 29 of these were surface and 41 under-

surface gatherings. The under-surface comprised tow-nettings from various depths from

3 to 400 fathoms. 9 of the surface and 30 of the under-surface tow-nettings were collected

during the day, while 20 surface and 11 under-surface Avere collected during the night,

as shown by the formula : —

( 9 day collections.

rr ff .J29 surface | 20 night ditto.

Tow-nettmgs 70 < , , .

i il under-surface / '^" '^^^ ^^i^to.

1 11 night ditto.

The superficial and bathymetrical distribution of BJdncalanus cormitus was co-extensive

with tlie area examined, except that, unlike either Eucalanus attenuatus or setiger, it was

not obtained in any gathering from Bauanah Creek or Loanda Harbour, where the specific

gravity approximates so closely to that of fresh water. I have not observed a single

specimen among the large number that have passed through my hands that could be

ascribed to Rldiicalanus gigas, Brady.

Ehincalanus actjleatus, n. sp. (PL II. figs. 11-21.)

Length about 3'25 mm. (exclusive of tail-setae, which were fully 1 mm. in leno-th).

Body ovate, attenuate towards the head. Forehead produced forward into a strongly

spiniform rostrum. The postero-lateral angles of the last thoi*acic segment are produced

backward into spine-like processes. The anterior antennae long and slender, reaching to

beyond the caudal stylets, 21-jointed ; the proportional lengths of the joints are nearly as

follows : —

170 . 42 ■ 17 ■ 18 . 14 . 14 ■ 10 . 9 . 9 . 12 ■ 13 . 45 . 54 ■ 59 . 72 . 85 . 82 . 82 . 80 . 80 . 30

1 2 3 4 5 fi 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21'

The anterior antennae are sparingly setiferous. The secondary branch of the posterior

antennae about two-thirds the length of the primary branch, 6-jointed, the first joint

fully half as long as the second, the third, fourth, and fifth small, the last as long as all

the preceding three together ; the end of the primary branch is furnished with four long-

plumose setse and a small plain one ; two plumose setas spring from the end of the last joint

of the secondary branch and one from each of the preceding four joints. Mandible

stout, the distal end with four teeth, three of which are close together and one separated

from the others by a deep and moderately wide sinus. I failed to observe a mandible-

palp. The maxilla-palp furnished with three very long sette, which are plumose from the

middle. The anterior foot-jaws resemble those of Hemicakmus more closely than those

of Hhincalanus. The posterior foot-jaw as in Hhincalanus cornutus, but differing in being

furnished with three ciliated heart-like processes, two of which are on the under margin

and near the end of the first segment and one on the upper margin of the second

segment. Both branches of the first four pairs of swdmming-feet 3-jointed, the second of

the two basal joints of the first feet is produced on the inside so as to form a stout process

to which the inner branch is attached. A stout curved spine springs from the end of the

posterior margin of the second joint of the outer branch of the second pair of swimming-

32 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

feet, wliich is fully half as long as the next joint. The end of the last joint of the

outer hranch of the first pair is furnished with a stout plumose spinous seta, while the

outer hranches of the next three pairs have each a terminal falciform spine ciliated on the

inner margin and finely serrate on the outer margin. Fifth pair of feet 2-branched,

inner branch 1-jointed, rudimentary, and bearing at its apex a long plumose seta ; the

ff outer branch 2-jointed ; an extremely long slender seta springs from the outer edge near

^ the proximal end of the second basal joint on both sides. The terminal joints of both of

the outer branches bear several small spines on the outer margin and one on the inner

margin. Abdomen short, 4-jointed ; second and third joints smaller than the first,

subequal. Caudal stylets fully as long as the last abdominal segment, and furnished with

densely plumose dark-coloured setse.

Bahitat. Lat. 6° 38' N., long. 12° 37' W., 25 fathoms tow-netting, January 6th (day

collection). One sj)ecimen only of this curious form was obtained.

llliiihcalanus aculeatus differs somewhat from the generic characters of Rldncalanus as

described by Prof. Brady in the number of joints of the anterior antennge, the compara-

tively long terminal joint of the secondary branch of the posterior antennae, and in the

form of the mandible and maxilla, but agrees with the other characters ; I have therefore

included it in that genus.

Genus Hemicalanus, Claus, 1863.

Hemicalanus, Claus, Die freilcbenden Copepoden, 1863 (not Hemicalanus of Dana) ;

Brady, 'Challenger' Copepoda, 1883.

Hemicalanus longicornis, Claus.

1863. Hemicalanus longicornis, Claus, loo. cit. p. 179, pi. sxix. fig. 1.

1883. Hemicalanus longicornis, Brady, op. cit. p. 44, pi. ix. figs. 1-5.

Habitat. Station 2, 25 and 50 fathoms, January 1st (night collection). Station 3, 100

fathoms (day collection). Station 9, 50 fathoms (day collection). Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long.

5° 55' 5" E., 30, 260, 360, and 460 fathoms (day collections). Station 23, surface, and 10,

20, 85, 135, 185, and 235 fathoms, January 5th (day collections).

Hemicalanus longicornis was obtained in 26 tow-nettings, but only one of these was

from the surface, all the others were under-surface gatherings and ranged in depth from

5 to 160 fathoms. 21 of these tow-nettings (including the surface gathering) were day

collections, while 5 were night collections, as shown in the formula : —

1 surface 1 day collection.

25 under-surface I ^0 day coUections.

l 5 night ditto.

This Hemicalanus was of frequent occurrence in some of the tow-nettings. It was very

common in a gathering from 35 fathoms, collected on the 22nd January in lat. 1° 55' 5"

N., long. 5 55' 5" E. ; in this gathering eighty-five perfect specimens, besides a number

of others more or less damaged, were obtained.

Tow-nettings 26.

FROM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 33

Hemicalaktjs PLrMOSUS, Claus. (PI. II. fig. 6 ; PI. VI. fig. G.)

1863. Hemiculanus plumosvs, Claiis, Die freilebeiidcii Cojjcpotleu, p. 178, pi. xxviii. fig. 12, pi. xxix.

figs. 1-7.

Habitat. Station 2, 50 fathoms (night coUcetion). Lat. 6° 38' N., long. 12° 37' W., 25

fathoms (day collection). Lat. 3° 55' 3" N., long. 4' 7' 3" E., 30 fathoms (day collection).

Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E., 360 fathoms (day collection). Station 23, 85 fathoms

and 235 fathoms (day collections).

This appears to bea sciirce species in the ' Buccaneer collections ; only a few specimens

have been ol)tained. Claus {Joe. cit.) gives a very full description and some very good

figures of this Hemicalanits. Hemicalamts jj^mnosua comes very near Hemicalamis

orientalis, Brady, described in the ' Report on the ' Challenger ' Copepoda.'

Hemicalanus mucronatus, Claus.

1863. Hemicalanus mucronatus, Claus, loc. cit. p. 179, pi. xxix. fig. 2.

Length (exclusive of the tail-setse) of the specimen figured 3'8 mm. (the length varies

in diiferent specimens). Body somewhat cylindrical. Head pyramidal, the apex mucro-

nate^in some specimens spiniform, the postcro-Iateral angles of last thoracic segment

rounded. Anterior antennse, reaching to beyond the caudal stylets, 25-jointed. The

proportional lengths of the joints are represented very nearly by the annexed formula : —

40 . 10 . 15 . 17 ■ 18 ■ 18 ■ 18 . IS ■ 21 . 20 . 22 . 23 . 30 . 34 . 34 . 35 . 37 . 37 . 33 . 28 . 30 . 29 . 28 ■ 27 . 18

1 2 3 4 5 G 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 i!l 22 23 ^4 25"

Posterior antenuaj similar to those of H. 'plumoms. The mouth-organs are also similar

to those of that species, except that the anterior foot-jaws are weaker, the spines on the

second and third joints of the same foot-jaws are shorter and more slender, and the

terminal setse of both anterior and posterior foot-jaws are not spiniferous or ciliated as in

Hemicalanus flumosus. The swimming-feet are similar to those of Hemicalanus plumosus.

Abdomen 4-jointed, first segment much larger than the others. Caudal stylets short,

divergent, the terminal seta} densely p)lumose.

Habitat. (1) Station 2, 50 fathoms toAv -netting, January 1st (night collection). (2)

Lat. 3° qS' N., long. 3° 42' W., 25 fathoms tow-netting, January 13th (day collection).

(3) Lat. 3° 22' 5" N., long. 4° 11' 8" E., 30 fathoms tow-netting, January 20th (night

collection). (4) Station 14, 10 fathoms tow-netting, January 21st (night collection).

(5) Lat, 6° 38' N., long. 12' 37' W., 25 fathoms tow-netting (day collection). (6) Lat. V

55' 5" E., 35 fathoms tow-netting, January 22nd (day collection). (7) Off Sao Thome

Island (lat. 0° 34' N., long. 6' 30' 4" E.), 20 fathoms tow-netting, January 23rd (day

collection). (8) Station 23, surface tow-netting, Eebruary 5th (day collection).

Several specimens of H. mucronatus were obtained ; the size of the specimens varied to

some extent, and the forehead was more spiniform in some specimens than in others. This

species comes very near Hemicalanus aculeatus, Brady, in general form and in the

structure of the appendages, but is much smaller than Brady's specimen. The length

of the specimen described and figured in this lleport, which was one of the largest of

SECOKD SEllIES. — ZOOLOGY, VOL. VI. 5

34 MK. T. SCOTT 0\ ENTOMOSTEACA

the 'Buccaneer' specimens, was, as already stated, 3"8 mm.; hut Semicalamis aculeatus,

Brady, measured 575 mm. in length — that is, fully half as long again as the ' Buccaneer '

specimen.

It is interesting to note that while six ^^ecxes of Memicalanus (including four of Claus's

Mediterranean species) have been obtained in the ' Buccaneer ' collection, only three

(including one of Claus's Mediterranean species) were observed in the collections of the

'Challenger' expedition, and further, that while Hemiealaiii were of frequent occurrence

in the ' Buccaneer ' tow-nettings, 85 perfect specimens, besides a number of others more or

less damaged, were captured in a single tow-net gathering. The three species recorded

in the ' Challenger ' Report were represented in the collection " only by about half a dozen

specimens in all." Such a remarkable difference in the distribution of the Memicalani

seems to indicate that their distribution is local, and that, with perhaps one or two

exceptions, they prefer to frequent what is comparatively inshore water to mid-ocean.

Hemic alcmus longicornis appears to be more cosmopolitan than the other species and to

have a more or less general distribution throughout tropical and subtropical seas. Yet,

though this SemiccdaiiHs has undoubtedly an extensive distribution, it is noteworthy

that none of Dana's species can be satisfactorily ascribed to it. This might have been

accounted for had it been a critical species, but the extremely long anterior antennse of

Hemicalanus longicornis at once distinguish it from all other Calmiidce.

Genus Augaptilis, Giesbrecht (1889).

Hemicalanus, Clans (in part).

Augaptilis longicaudatus (Claus). (PL I. figs. 24-26; PL II. fig. 5.)

1863. Hemicalanus longicaudatus, Claus, loc. cit. p. 179, pi. xxix. fig. 3.

1892. Au(/aptilis longicornis, Giesbrecht, Fauna unci Flora des Golfes vonNeapel (Copepodeu), p. 414,

pi. 27. fig. 31 ; pi. 28. figs. 2, 8, 19, 23, 31, 3.5, 38; pi. 39. figs. 37, 48.

Habitat. Station 3, 100 fathoms tow-netting, January 2nd (day collection). Lat. 1°

55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E., 360 fathoms tow-nettmg (day collection).

This Augaptilis occurred only in the tow-nettings from the two localities described ; it

differs from other species of Hemicalanus in the great length of the secondary branch of

the posterior antennte, in the comparatively long caudal stylets, and particularly by

the anterior and posterior foot-jaws being furnished with moderately long setae, which

possess each a double row of short filaments with round, flat, button-like tops. These

filaments (or sense-organs ?) somewhat resemble " drawing-tacks," i. e. small nails

with round flat heads, used for fixing drawing-paper upon a drawing-board. There is a

double row of these filaments on each seta, the filaments of each double row being usually

opposite each other ; there are about 147 of these filaments in the length of a millimetre.

They impart to the setae that are furnished with them a very marked and striking

appearance. Prof. Claus considers them as forming an important and distinctive specific

character, and refers to them in his description of the species in the following terms : —

"Die Hakenhorsten der oberen imd untern Maxillarfiisse tragen zwei Reihen sehr zierlich

FROM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 35

geknopftev Seitenspitzen." This form of filament appears to be peculiar to Augtqitilis

longicaudatns. Another species {AnguptUis TluUrwji) described in this lleport possesses

similar filaments, but the button-tops, instead of being round, are broadly crescent-shaped.

Not more than about half a dozen specimens of AugaptiUs longicaudatns were obtained

in the ' Buccaneer ' collections.

AuGAPTiLis HECTicus, Giesbrecht. (PI. I. figs. 37-39, PI. II. figs. 1-4, 38-4i2.)

1892. AnnaptUif! hecticus, Ciesbreclit, op. cit. p. ill, pi. 27. fig. 30; pi. 28. figs. 5, 9, IG, 30, 33, 37;

pi. 29. fig. 18; pi. 39. fig. 45.

1892. Hemicalanus longisetosus, Scott (MS. name).

Length, exclusive of tail-setse, 2-46 mm. ; cephalothorax elongate, slender, cylindrical,

subtriangularin front, rounded behind ; anterior antennye, reaching beyond the extremity

of the abdomen, 25-joiuted ; the right antenna of the male 18-jointed. Tlie proportional

lengths of the joints are nearly as follows : —

Male. 20 . 12 . 10 . i:^ . 1 ;^. . 1 3 . 12 . 56 . 20 . 22 . IS . 17 . 19 . 22 . 35 . 29 . 18 . 18.

12 3 4 .-. li 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25.

Female. 20 .8 . 8 . 8 . S . 8 . 8 . 8 . 10 . 10 . 11 . 13 . 15 . 15 . ll . 13 . lT7]5TT2TTo7roTTO . 11 . 15 . is!

In the male antennae the eighth joint is rather longer than the imited lengths of

the preceding four joints, and there is a distinct hinge between the fourteenth and

fifteenth joints ; the fifteenth bears at the proximal end a slender hair-like appeudao-e

which extends forward beyond the extremity of the joint. A densely plumose seta

springs from the lower terminal angle of the sixteenth joint, and from the upper

angle a rather long non-plumose spinous seta ; a second densely plumose seta, similar to

that on the sixteenth, springs from the upper terminal angle of the seventeenth joint. The

second and third last joints of the female anterior antennae and the left male antenna

are likewise fm-nished with one or two (?) plumose sette similar to those of the male

eighth antenna ; the antennae of both sexes are otherwise sparingly setiferous. The

secondary branch of the posterior antennae is fully half the length of the primary branch,

6(?)-jointed, both branches with long plumose hairs ; mandible styliform, the extremity

somewhat furcate, but one of the teeth nearly obsolete ; other mouth-organs as in

Hemicalanus longlcornis. Five pairs of swimming-feet in both sexes, all of them 2-

branched, with both branches 3-jointed ; the terminal spine of the outer branch of the

fourth pair has a row of minute tubercules along its exterior margin ; the inner margin

is ciliated. The middle joint of the outer branch of the right (?) fifth foot of the male

bears a stout, slightly curved process on the upper part of the inner margin ; the last joint

bears a short terminal spine, immediately behind which, on the inner margin, is a

moderately long plumose hair ; the last joint of the outer branch of the left foot bears a

long curved terminal spine, finely serrate on its inner edge ; both the inner margins are

furnished with several long plumose hairs which extend beyond the terminal spine of

the outer branch of the left foot. Abdomen in the male 5-jointed, in the female 4-

jointed ; the length of the segments in both are subequal. Caudal stylets in the male about

as long as the last two abdominal segments, and in the female about the length of the

5 *

36 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

last segment of the abdomen. Eacli stylet is fm-nished with one extremely long seta,

wliicli is longer than the cephalothorax and abdomen together ; each seta bears a dense

mass of fine hairs, near, but not quite at, its extremity ; the extreme end appears to be

free from hairs ; there are also three short and densely plumose setse on the exterior

margin of the stylets, one near the middle and two near the extremity of each stylet.

EaUtat. (1) Lat. 3° 58' N., long. 3°42' W., 25 fathoms tow-netting January, 13th (day

collection). (2) Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E., 360 fathoms tow-netting, January

22nd (day collection, temperature of the water about 43° E.). (3) Off Sao Thome Island

(lat. 0° 34' N., long. 6" 30' 4" E.), 24 fathoms tow-netting, January 23rd (day collection).

Only two or three specimens of this interesting form were obtained. The extremely

long tail-setse, \Aath the remarkable accumulation of fine hairs near their extremity,

distinguish this Augaptilis at once from the other species described in this Report.

AuGAPTiLis Rattrayi, n. sp. (PI. II. figs. 25-37.)

Length, exclusive of tail-setse, 4'9 mm. Cephalothorax robust, seen from above

broadly ovate, measuring in breadth 2'6 mm., rounded in front, the postero-lateral

ano-les of the last thoracic segment also rounded. Thoracic segments five, the first as

lono" as all the other four together. Every part of the integument — cephalothorax,

abdomen, and appendages — is covered more or less with minute spinous hairs. Anterior

antennre short, not much longer than the first thoracic segment, 24-jointed. The pro-

portional lengths of the joints are nearly as follows : —

60 . 25 . 20 . 20 . 20 . 20 . 22 . 35 . 35 . 32 . 43 . 50 . 53 . 49 . 52 . 54 . 60 . 56 . 47 . 49 . 40 . 42 . 45 . 36

i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2r"22 23 24"

The antennae are sparingly setiferous, the setge on the second, eighteenth, and twentieth

joints being the longest. The posterior antennse have the basal part stout, the primary

and secondary branches short, the secondary branch being shorter and more slender than

the other and 7-jointed ; the last joint is rather longer than all the preceding four

too'ether, and furnished at the extremity with three long setae, which are plumose from

the middle. The end of the primary branch is also furnished with a number of hairs

similar to those of the secondary branch. The mandibles are slender and terminate in two

moderately long teeth, between which is another minvite and rudimentary one ; the

mandible-palp is stout, 2-branched, one of the branches 2-, the other 4-jointed ;

both branches bear several plumose hairs. The "rod-like process" of the maxillas

terminates in three very long plumose hairs. Two hairs, bearing each a double row of

peculiar short filaments having flat broadly crescent-shaped tops, which extend from

near the distal end to about the middle of the hairs, spring from the extremity of a

stout lateral appendage of the maxillse. Anterior foot-jaws stout, 5-jointed, the first

two with several stout spinous hairs on the anterior margin, the last three with a number

of long setae having a double row of short filaments, with flat, broadly crescent-

shaped tops, each double row not extending below the middle of the seta. The posterior

foot-jaw 6-jointed, the first two joints moderately stout and long, sparingly setiferous

on the upper margin ; the second joint has also a long non-plumose hair attached to

FROM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 37

its upper distal angle ; tlie next three joints are short and stout, and bear four long

fllamentiferous setre similar to those of the anterior foot-jaws. The end joint is small

and rudimentary, and terminates in one short and two long non-plumose hairs. The

swimming-feet are as in Hemicalanus longicornis ; the five pairs are 2-branched and

each branch 3-jointed, all of them being more or less thickly beset with short spinous

hairs. The basal joint of the outer branches of the first pair bears on its posterior distal

angle an elongate spine, which extends to the extremity of the last joint. The exterior

distal angles of the first and second joints of the outer branches of the third and fourth

pairs bear one very stout spine, having a short spinous process on each side of it at its

base. Abdomen short, 3-jointed, the first joint much longer than the otherjtwo together.

Caudal stylets short, somewhat divergent, each with six plumose hairs, four terminal,

which are moderately long and subequal ; a smaller one on the lower outer margin,

and one very slender hair near the base of the second terminal seta, counting from the

inside.

Habitat. (1) Station 3, 100 fathoms tow-netting, January 2nd (day collection), specific

gravity of the water 1-0260S, temperature 56"-4 F. (2) Lat. G° 38' N., long. 12^ 37' W.,

25 fathoms tow-netting, January 6th (day collection), sp. g. of the water (surface) l"02i00,

temperature (surface) 83°-5 F. (3) Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E., 35 fathoms

tow-netting, January 22nd (day collection), temperature at 30 fathoms 63°"98 F. (1) Off

Sao Thome Island, lat. 0°3i'N., long. 6° 20' 4" E., 20 fathoms tow-netting, January 23rd

(day collection).

Only one adult specimen and a few others more or less immature were obtained ; the

adult specimen is from locality (3), and is the one from which the drawings were made.

The peculiar short flat-topped filaments (sense-organs ?) with which several of the

hairs of the maxilla? and foot -jaws are furnished resemble those observed and described

in Atlcjaptilis longiccmdahis, which Prof. Claus speaks of as " sehr zierlich geknopfte

Seitenspitzen," but instead of the tops being circular like a button, as in that species,

they are broadly crescent-shaped; the " bvitton-tops " are also larger than those of

Augaptilis longictmdatiis. In AngaptiUs Rattrayi there are about forty button-topped

filaments in the length of a millimetre, but in Aifgctptilis lofigicaitdatus the number of

filaments in a millimetre is about one hundred and forty-seven. The filaments in each

double row are usually opposite each other, as shown in the enlarged drawings. They

give a pecuHar and striking appearance to the setse that are provided with them.

Genus Calocalanus, Giesbrecht (1891).

Elenco dei Copepodi pelagici,— R. Corvetta ' Vettor Pisaiii.' (Atti della Reale Accademia

del Lincei, serie iv. Rendiconti, vol. v. pt. 1.)

Calocalanus pavo (Dana). (PI. VI. figs. 9, 10.)

1852. Calanus jnivo, Daua, loc. cit. p. 1061, pi. 72.

1892. Calocalanus pavo, Giesbrecht, op. cit. p. 185, pis. 1, 4, 9, 36.

38 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

Length about 7 mm. Cephalotliorax rounded in front and behind. Anterior antennae

fully a half longer than the cephalothorax and abdomen together, 24-jointed, the first

joint large and bearing two plumose and a few plain seta3, the last joint long and

slender, furnished at its extremity with four plain setae of moderate length. The

second and third last joints possess longer setae than any of the other joints ; all

the joints from the eleventh to the twentieth inclusive bear each a number of

small hairs on the upper margin besides the longer setae with which all the joints are

more or less furnished. The proportional lengths of the joints are very nearly as in the

annexed formula : —

45 . 10 . 10 . 10 . 10 . 10 . 10 . 10 ■ 11 . 11 ■ 15 ■ 15 . 17 ■ 18 . 22 ■ 24 . 27 . 28 . 29 . 30 . 25 . 24 . 20 . 87

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 lO 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24"

Secondary branch of the posterior antennse as long as the primary branch, 8-jointed ; the

third and last much larger than the other joints ; both branches setiferous. Mandibles

stout, the apex furnished with several more or less rudimentary teeth ; the mandible-palp

well developed ; secondary branch 5(?)-jointed, shorter than the primary, the basal part

furnished with three seta3 on its inner margin. Maxillae large, somewhat similar to

those of Micalanus, but the basal part dilated. Foot-jaws as in Eiicalanus, but the

terminal setae of first foot-jaws plain. The first four pairs of swimming-feet 2-branched,

outer branches 3-jointed, the inner branch of first pair 2-, of the others 3-jointed.

The outer branches of second, third, and fourth pairs only with sabre-like terminal

spines ; the second joint of the outer and the second and third joints of the inner

branches armed with transverse rows of spines. Fifth pair of feet in the male (?J 1-

branched, branches 3-jointed, the terminal joint longer than the other two together,

compressed, the extremities rounded and furnished with several long setae and two or

three transverse rows of small hairs as in the figure, Abdomen very short, 3(?)-

jointed. Caudal stylets extremely divergent, bearing four long spreading setae, two of

which are divided to near the base.

Habitat. Station 2, surface and 25 fathoms tow-nettings, January 1st (night col-

lections). Station 3, 25 fathoms, January 2nd (day collection). Station 9, 50 fathoms,

January 10th (day collection). Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5' 55' 5" E., 360 and 400 fathoms

tow-netting, January 22nd (day collection). Station 23, 20 fathoms, February 5th (day

collection).

This species was comparatively frequent all over the area examined. It is readily

distinguished from other Calanidce described in this Report by the remarkably divergent

caudal stylets, which are at almost right angles to the abdomen. The anterior antennae

and tail-setae appear to be, in this species, more than usually fragile ; not a single perfect

specimen was obtained in the whole collection. The tail-setae were commonly altogether

wanting or the stumps of them only remained, and the anterior antennee were, with

very few exceptions, all more or less damaged. It was only after very carefully searching

the tow-nettings that a few specimens were discovered that had the joints of the

antennae complete ; the figure, therefore, represents the anterior antennae perfect as

regards the number of joints. No specimens with perfect caudal setae were obtained.

FKOM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 39

Calocalanus plumulosus (Glaus). (PI. I. %s. 35, 36; PI. VI. figs. 7, 8.)

1863. Calanus plumulosus, Claus, Die freilebenden Copciioden, p. 174, taf. xxvi. figs. 15, 16.

1892. Calocalanus plumulosus, Giesbrecht, op. cit. p. 185, pis. 3, 9, 36.

Length (female) 1-3 mm. Body elongate, first segment nearly equal to twice the

entire length of the other three ; postero-lateral angles of thorax rounded. Anterior

antennoe, reaching somewhat beyond the extremity of the abdomen, 24.-jointed; the large

basal joint bears one long plumose seta near the proximal end, the last joint is slender

and equal to the combined length of the preceding two. The proportional lengths

of the joints are nearly as shown in the formula : —

50 . 10 . 10 . 10 . 10 . 10 . 10 . 10 . 11 . 13 . 10 . 16 . 18 . IS . 18 . 19 . 18 . 21 . 21 . 21 . 21 . 20 . 15 . 36

i 2 3 4 5 0 7 8 0 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2)i 23 24'

Posterior antennae, mouth-appendages, and swimming-feet as in Calocalanus pavo.

The last joint of each foot of the fifth pair is equal to half the length of the foot, and

the third joint is nearly one and a half times the length of the preceding one ; the

broadly rounded extremity of the last joint bears a small spine near the outer ano-le a

much larger spine near the middle, and a moderately long seta near the inner ano-le •

there are also two small setae near the distal end of the inner margin ; both mar^-ins of

the joints are also more or less fringed with cilia (PI. I. fig. 35). Abdomen short, first

segment rather tumid, the second much shorter than either the first or third, breadth of

the second and third increasing towards the distal end ; the first and second have each a

fringe of small serrse concentric with, and a little anterior to, the distal margin. Stylets

about equal to the length of the second abdominal segment, slightly divergent, and

furnished with four terminal plumose setae, and one very small seta near the extremity

of the inner margin.

Calocalanus plumulosus was obtained in a tow-net gathering from 30 fathoms,

lal. r 55' 5" N., long. 6° 55' 5" E., collected January 22ud. Only a few specimens were

observed.

This species difi'ers very markedly, not only in its greater size but also in general

appearance, from Calocalanus pavo ; moreover, the anterior antennae are proportionallv

much shorter than in that species. The proportional lengths of the joints of the anterior

antennae and fifth feet also differ considerably in the two species. Another character of

the spirit specimens is the abruptly flexed abdomen, which is bent at a right angle in all

those obtained. The position of the caudal stylets in Calocalanus plumulosus is almost

normal, while those of Calocalanus pavo are extremely divergent. The long plumose

seta on the basal joint of the anterior antennae appears also to be a character of Caloca-

lanus plumulosus *.

Genus Heterocalanus, nov. gen. (Provisional name.)

Anterior antennae 22-jointed ; right antennae of the male resembling that of the

* " Dieser " (the long basal joint of the anterior antenna?) " triigt eine kraftige, zweiseitig befiederte, gelb

pigmentirte Borate." Claus, he. cit.

40 MR. T. SCOTT ON -ENTOMOSTRACA

Pontellklce. Second branch of the posterior antenutc longer than the prhiiary branch,

4-jointed. Mandibles stout, broad, furnished with papilliform teeth and elongate

tooth-like processes on the exterior angle ; mandible palp 2-branched, secondary

branch 3-jointed. Anterior foot-jaws like those- of Ithincalanns cornutus. Posterior

foot-jaws strong, 6-jointed, the two basal joints large. The first four pairs of swimming-

feet have both branches 3-jointed. Pifth pair in both sexes 1-branched, those of

the male dissimilar and adapted for grasping ; those of the female the same on both

sides, 3-jointed, the last joint produced into a large curved spiniform process. Ovisac

large.

Heterocalanus serricaudatus, n. sp. (PL II. figs. 43-48; PI. III. figs. 1-7.)

Length 1"15 mm. Body elongate, narrowly rounded in front, the postero-lateral

angles of last thoracic segment rounded, and bearing several small spines. Anterior

antennse longer than the body ; those of the female slender, 22-jointed, sparingly seti-

ferous. The proportional lengths of the joints are nearly as follows : —

11 ■ 11 . 5 ■ 7 . 6 . 10 . 5 ■ (i . 10 . 12 . 14 ■ 16 ■ 18 . 18 ■ 18 . 16 . 14 . 14 . 13 . 14 . ]2 . 3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 IL' 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22'

The right anterior antenna of the male also 22-jointed, distinctly hinged between the

18th and 19th joints, the upper margin of the 18th joint serrate ; the 11th and

12th joints are small, the 14th, 15th, and IGth dilated. The general form of the male

riffht antenna somewhat resembles that of the Pontelliclce. Posterior antennae have the

secondary branches longer than the primary, 4-jointed, the third joint very small, im-

parting to the branch the appearance of being much constricted in the middle ; both

branches furnished with numerous non-plumose hairs. Mandible stout, broad, bearing

several small papillose teeth, and on the exterior angle three elongate tooth-like processes

and a short plumose seta. The basal part of the mandible palp is comparatively large,

and produced laterally to form the base of the secondary branch, which is 3-jointed.

Both branches are furnished with a number of non-plumose hairs (PI. III. fig. 4). Anterior

foot-jaws like those of Rhmcalaiius cornutus, short, obscurely 3(or 4 ?)-jointed.

Posterior foot-jaws strong, 6-jointed, the two basal joints large, the other four small,

subequal ; each of the fourth, fifth, and sixth joints bear interiorly a stout, elongate,

blunt-pointed spine, that of the fifth being much larger than those of the other two

joints ; the terminal joint is also furnished with six long plumose hairs. The first four

pairs of swimming-feet are 2-branched, both branches 3-jointed. The joints of the

inner branch of the first pair subequal ; the outer branch is without dagger-Hke spines

at the distal angles of the joints. The first joint of the inner branch and the middle

joint of the outer branch of the second, third, and fourth pairs are smaller than the other

joints, and the exterior distal angles of all the joints of the outer branches bear stout

dagger-like spines, which are finely serrate on both edges ; the last joint has an additional

and similar spine arising from an excavation on the lower half of the outer margin.

The terminal spines of the outer branches are finely serrate on the outer edge, except

near the base, which is plain ; the extremity of the terminal spines is slightly curved

FEOM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 41

outwards. The terminal spines of the outer branches of the first pair are more slender

than those of the others ; all tlie four pairs are furnished Avith numerous stout plumose

seta? on the inner marorins of both branches as well as round the extremity of the inner

branches. The fifth pair in the male is 1-branchcd. The second joint of the right foot

bears interiorly a small dilated process liaving a number of small spines ; the extremity of

the last joint truncate ; an elongate curved appendage with a tumid base springs from

the inner angle, and a stout setiferous spine from the outer angle of the extremity of

the last joint. The second joint of the left foot has a long slender appendage, very

faintly serrate on the inner edge. The outer angle of the third joint and the extremity

of the fourth terminate in a long spinous process, and the inner edge of the base of the last

joint is ciliated. The fifth pair in the female is 1-branched, the right and left are

similar, and 3(or 4 ?)-jointed ; the first and second joints stout, the third short, but produced

inwards into a large curved spiniform process, finely but distinctly serrate on both

margins ; the last (?) joint nearly obsolete, terminating in one long plain spine and a second

short one, serrate on the inner edge. Abdomen (exclusive of caudal stylets) nearly half

as long as the cephalothorax, 5-jointed in the male, 4-jointed in the female ; the

second, third, and fourth segments in the male, and the first, second, and third in the

female, fringed posteriorly wdth a prominent row of saw-like teeth. Caudal stylets as

long as the last abdominal segment, narrow, somewhat divergent, bearing each four

moderately long, terminal, plumose setva, and a fifth which springs from a notch on the

outer margin ; all the seta? are articulated below the proximal half; there is also a small

hair between the two inner setse. Ova forming one large circular complanate cluster,

containing about sixteen large ova arranged in a single layer, eleven or twelve round

the circumference, the others central.

Habitat. Lat. 5° 10' N., long. 3° 56' 2" "W., surface, close inshore, January 12th (night

collection). Off Accra, three fathoms, January 16tb (night collection). Ofi' Appi,

surface tow-netting, January 18th (day collection). Libreville, Gaboon River, in two

surface tow-nettings, January 28tli (day collection). Bananah Creek, Congo River, surface

tow-netting, Eebruary 8th (night collection).

Seterocalanus serricaudafus appears to be more confined to inshore waters than many

of the species recorded in this Report, though it seems nevertheless capable of existing

under varied conditions as regards the density of the water, having been obtained in

water varying in specific gravity from 1*02511 to l'0087O.

Genus Pleuromma, Claus.

Pleuromma, Claus, Die freilebenden Copepoden (1863).

? Mctridia, Boeck, Oversigt af Norges Marine Copepoda, 1864.

? Metridia, Brady, Monograph, British Copepoda, vol. i. 1878.

Pleuromma abdominale, Claus.

1863. Pleuromma abdominah, Claus, loc. cit. p. 195, pi. v. figs. 1-6, 13, 14; pi. vi. figs. 1-10.

1883. Pleuromma abdominak, Brady, ' Challenger,' Copepoda, p. 46, pi. xi. figs. 1-13.

SECOND SERIES. — ZOOLOGY, VOL. VI. 6

42 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

Sabitat. Station 2, 25 fathoms tow-netting, January 1st (night collection). Lat.

3° 55' 3" N., long. 4° 7' 13" E., 50 fathoms tow-netting, January 20th (day collection).

Off Sao Thome Island (lat. 0° 34' N., long. 6° 31' 6" E.), 20 fathoms tow-netting,

Januaiy 23rd (day collection). Station 23, 235 fathoms tow-netting, Eehruary 5th (day

collection).

Pleuromma ahdominale was obtained in 25 tow-nettings, eight of which were surface

gatherings, and seventeen under-surface, ranging in depth from 3 to 460 fathoms ; one

of the surface and seven of the under-surface gatherings were day collections, the others

were collected dm'ing the night, as shown in the formula : —

1 day collection.

r i day collection.

8 surface | 7 ^jgj^^ collections.

Tow-nettings 25 •. ^ . t^

1 17 under-surface J ^ day ditto.

I 10 night ditto.

In the adult males the abdomen was usually more or less distorted, as figured by

Prof. Brady in his Report on the ' Challenger ' Copepoda.

The form agreeing with Pleuro^nma gracile, Claus, was obtained in a few of the tow-

nettings, and the difference between it and JPlenromma ahdominale. is so marked and

constant in the ' Buccaneer ' specimens that I have considered it preferable to record

them separately.

Pleuromma geacilb, Claus. (PI. VI. figs. 11-14.)

1863. Pleuromma gracile, Claus, loc. cit. p. 197, pi. v. figs. 7-11.

1883. ? Pleuromma ahdominale, Brady (in part), op. cit. p. 46, pi. xii. figs. 1-16; pi. xsxi. figs. 13, 14.

Habitat. Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E., 250 and 360 fathoms tow-nettings,

January 22nd (day collections). Lagoon, Sao Thome Island, surface.

A form agreeing with the description and figures of Pleuromma gracile in ' Die frei-

lebenden Copepoden ' occurred in the gatherings described ; it seems to be distinct from

Pleuromma abdominals.

Pleuromma princeps, n. sp. (PI. III. figs. 8-20.)

Length (exclusive of tail-setae) 12 mm. Cephalothorax elongate, robust. Eorehead

acute ; postero-lateral angles of the last thoracic segment produced, shortly spiniform.

Left anterior antenna of male 25-jointed ; the right antenna is 22-jointed, hinged at the

eighteenth joint, the proportional lengths of the joints as in the annexed formula : —

Lett. 50 . 20 . 20 . 15 . 20 . 20 . 20 . 15 . 20 . 25 . 3(1 . 30 . 40 . 45 . -50 . -SO . 50 . 50 . 55 . 38 . 85 . 37 . 40 • 30 . 10.

~1~ 2 3 4 5 6 7 H 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2l 22 23 24 25.

night. 7u . 20 . 20 . 20 . 20 . 25 . 1« . 15 . 12 . 12 . 25 . 24 . 30 . 45 . 40 . 50 . 60 . 13 . 70 . 80 . 30 . 7 .

The nineteenth joint is furnished at the distal end with a tooth-like process which

extends over the base of the next joint. There are also, near the middle of the same

joint, one long and one very short spine, which extend in a forward direction along the

margin of the segment ; both antennae are sparingly setiferous. Posterior antennae as

FEOM THE GUI.F OF GUINEA. 43

in Flevrcn.ma aldcmhwle; seta? on both branches plumose. The mouth-organs also

as in P. abdominrie, but the anterior foot-jaw bears two elongate spines which spring

from a prominent basal part near its extremity. The distal processes of the maxiUte

appear to be less produced than in Pleuromma abdominale. The first pair of swimming-

feet are smaller than the following three pairs ; the posterior outer aspect of the basal

joint of the inner branch is beset with numerous fine cilia, and the outer margin of

the middle joint is fringed with fine hairs. The exterior margin of the second, and the

upper half of the third, segment of the outer branch are also fringed with fine hairs,

while the lower half of the third segment is finely serrate. The outer branch of the

second pair of swimming-feet on both sides has the first segment " deeply excavated at

the base ;" the excavation is bounded interiorly by two strong, upward-directed, curved

spines. There is no " thumb-like prominence " on the basal segment of the third pair

of feet, as in 'Pleuromma ahdomhwle. The fourth pair of feet closely resemble the

preceding pair. The last segment of the outer branch of the first pair terminates in a

long stout seta, plumose on the inner margin. The outer branch of the second, tliird,

and fourth pairs terminates in a moderately short, stout, sabre-like spine, the inner

margin fringed with cilia, the outer margin very faintly toothed. The fifth pair of feet

strongly prehensile ; one branch (the right ?) terminates in a clumsy claw-like segment.

A small spine springs from near the proximal end of the penultimate segment. Tlie

last segment of the other branch is furnished, on the inner side and near the base, with

a moderately long, stout process, and two peculiar, stalked ap^Dendages. There is also

at the base of the last segment a thin plate having a saw-like edge, and partly sur-

rounded with delicate cilia ; both branches of the fifth feet are about the same leuo-th.

Abdomen 4-jointed; joints subequal. Caudal stylets twice the len"-th of the last

abdominal segment, and each furnished with six setae, four of them on the rounded

extremity of the stylet, one on the outer margin, and a very small slender seta on the

inner margin. All the setiB are densely plumose.

Habitat. Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E., 360 fathoms tow-netting, January 22nd

(day collection).

Only one specimen — a male — of this fine species was obtained.

Genus Heteroch^eta, Claus.

HeterochiBta, Claus, Die fi'eilebendeu Copepodeu (1863).

HETEROCHiETA SPINIFRONS, ClaUS.

1863. Heterochatd spinifrons, Claus, loc. cit. p. 182, pi. xxxii. figs. 8, 9, 14, 16.

1883. Heterochata spinifrons, Brady, Report ' Chall.' Copep. p. 49, pi. xiii. figs. 1-13.

Habitat. Station 2, 25 fathoms tow-netting, January 1st (night collection). Lat.

3° 58' N., long. 3° 42' W., 50 fathoms tow-netting, January 13th (night collection).

Station 14, 10 fathoms, January 21st (night collection). Off Sao Thome Island (lat.

0° 3i' N., long. 6° 30' 4" E.), 20 fathoms, January 23rd (day collection). Station 23,

235 fathoms, February 5th (day collection).

6*

M ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTRACA

HeterochcBta spinifrous occurred in 20 tow-nettings ; only one of these was a surface

gathering collected during the day, the other nineteen were under-surface and I'anged

in depth from 5 to 4G0 fathoms ; fifteen of these were day collections, and four night

collections, as shown in the formula : —

r 1 sm-face 1 day collection.

Tow-nettings 20 < r 15 day collections.

U9 nnder-surface | 4 ^;^„^^ ^litto.

This, though generally distributed, was a somewhat rare species in the ' Buccaneer '

collection. The dilated outer branches of the fourth pair of swimming-feet, with their

short terminal spines, and the extremely long and slender seta of the right caudal

stylet, allow of its being readily distinguished from most other species.

Genus Leuckartia, Glaus.

Leuckartia, Claus, Die freilebenden Copepoden (1863).

Leuckartia plavicornis, Claus.

1863. Leuckartia flavicornis, Claus, loc. cit. p. 183, pi. xxxii. figs. 1-7.

1883. Leuckartia flavicornis, Brady, op, cit. p. 50, pi. xv. figs. 1-9, 16.

Habitat. Station 2, 25 fathoms, January 1st (night collection). Off Accra, surface

tow-netting, January 16th (night collection). Lagoon, Sao Thome Island, surface

tow-netting, January 27 th (night collection). Station 23, 10, 20, 85, 135, 185, and 235

fathoms tow-nettings, February 5th (day collection). Bananah Creek, Congo River,

surface tow-netting, February 7th (day collection).

This Leuckartia was observed in 67 tow-uettings ; 30 of these were surface gatherings,

and 37 under-surface. The under-surface tow-nettings were from various depths, from

10 to 460 fathoms. Seven of the surface and 27 of the under-surface tow-nettings

were day collections, the others were night collections, as exhibited by the annexed

formula : —

r 7 day collections.

r30 surface I 23 night ditto.

Tow-nettmgs 67 < ro7 i r++

L37 under surface [ ^^ ^'^^^ d^"*^-

L 10 night ditto.

This species appears to have been widely distributed throughout the area examined

during the ' Buccaneer's ' expedition, but comparatively few specimens were observed in

the tow-nettings in which it occurred, except in those from deep water.

Genus Undina, Dana.

Undina, Dana, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. (1849).

Undina vulgaris, Dana.

1852. Undina vulgaris, Dana, Crust, of U.S. Espl. Exped. p. 1092, pi. Ixxvii. fig. 8, a-d.

FEOM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 45

1856. Undina longipes, Lvibbock, Trans. Entom. Soc. p. 17, pi. vi. figs. 1-5.

1883. Undina vulgaris, Brady, Report 'Cliall.' Copep. p. 53, pi. xv. figs. 11-15 ; pi. x\iii. fig. 6.

Eabitat. Station 2, surface tow-ncttings, January 1st (niglit collection). Lat. 3° 58' N.,

long. 3° 10' W., surface tow-netting, January 13tli (day collection). Lat. 1° 55' 5" N.,

long. 5° 55' 5" E., 20, 35, and 460 fathoms tow-nettings, January 22nd (day collections).

Lagoon, Sao Thome Island, surface tow-netting, January 27th (night collection). Station

21, surface tow-netting, February l<th (day collection). Bananah Creek, Congo River,

surface tow-netting, Februaiy 7th (day collection).

TIndina vulgaris was observed in 89 tow-nettings ; 51 of these were surface gatherings

and 38 under-surface, the depth of which ranged from 2 to 400 fathoms ; 20 of the

surface and 26 of the under-surface gatherings were collected during the day, while

31 of the surface and 12 of the under-surface gatherings were collected during the

night, as shown by the annexed formula : —

f 20 day collections,

t 31 nio-]

T H- .J^l^^^'f^^^ 1 31 night ditto.

Tow-nettings 89< .^^ , ^.^^

1 38 under-surface / 26 day ditto.

(. 12 night ditto.

This Undina was comparatively common in the ' Buccaneer ' collections, both sexes

being equally frequent. It was also one of the more common of the ' Challenger '

Copepoda. Another species (ZJwc^mw J>«rt(?i»^, Lubbock), which appears to have been

almost as common as Undina vulgaris in the ' Challenger ' collections, was entirely

absent from the ' Buccaneer ' tow-nettings, not a trace of it being observed, though

carefully sought for.

Genus Euchieella, Giesbrecht (1891).

Elenco del Copepodi pelagici, — R. Corvetta ' Vettor Pisani.' (Atti deUa Reale Accademia

dei Lincei, serie iv. Reudicoiiti, vol. v. pt. 1, p. 330.)

? EUCHIRELLA MESSINENSIS (Claus). (PI. VI. figS. 15 & 16.)

? Undina messinensis, Claus, Die freilebendeu Copepoden, p. 187, pi. 31.

Length, exclusive of tail-setae, 5 mm. Body elongate, robust. Forehead subtruncate ;

postero-lateral angles of the last thoracic segment rounded and furnished with a number

of hairs. Anterior antennae reaching to near the extremity of the abdomen ; the left

24-, the right 23-jointed, the proportional lengths of the joints nearly as in the annexed

formula : —

Eight antenna. 10 ■ 13 . 7 . 6 . 7 ■ 7 . 7 . 11 . 8 . 8 . 8 . 14 . 19 . 19 . 19 . 20 . IS . 20 . 18 . 13 . 13 . 13 . 14.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24.

Left antenna. 10 . 13 . 7 . 6 . 6 . 7 . 6 . 8 .6.7.7. 8 . 14 . 15 . 20 . 19 . 20 . 18 . 20 . 17 . 14 . 13 . 11 . 14,

The 3rd, 7th, 8th, 13th, 17th, and 20th joints are each furnished with a long j^lain

seta. The terminal joint bears three (or four ?) long setse, two of them plumose ; there

is also a plumose seta on the penultimate joint, and two stout short plumose hairs sjjring

from near the end of the basal joint. The posterior antennae have the secondary branch

46 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

large and stout, 6-joiuted, the first and last joints long, tlie intermediate very short.

The small intermediate joints bear each one seta, and the extremity of the last joint three

lono" plumose setse ; the primary braucli is extremely short, being almost rudimentary.

Mandible stout, with nvimerous terminal papillose teeth; the exterior angle bears a

strono- laterally-produced spine, which is serrate on the ujiper margin. The mandible

palp is of moderate size, 2-branched, each branch with several long terminal plumose

liairs. The maxUlBD are large, and bear at the extremity and on the interior margin a

]iumber of stout setiferous spines ; the external branch of the maxilla-palp very short

and broad; terminal branch stout, somewhat digitiform; both branches with numerous

plumose hairs. Foot-jaws as in Euchceta Hessei, except that near the extremity of the

anterior foot-jaw are two setiferous spines much stouter than the others, and also two

plain spinous setae on the lower extreme angle of the ultimate joint. The first four

pairs of swimming-feet are similar to those of Euchceta ; the first pair resemble those of

Euchceta Sessei, except that the inner branch has a lobe-like process near the base, and

the outer branch a long slender terminal spine, finely serrate on the outer margin ; the

outer branches of the second, third, and fourth pairs armed with a stout terminal spine,

liaving about twenty strong saw-like teeth on its outer margin. The basal joint of the

fourth pair bears a large bifurcate spiniform appendage ; the setse on both branches of

all the four pairs are densely plumose. Abdomen short, composed of four segments,

the first large, beiDg nearly as long as all the other three together. Catidal stylets short,

divaricate, each with one short spine on the outer distal angle, and foiu* moderately long

terminal plumose hairs ; another slender hair springs from near the inner distal angle of

each stylet, and is about half the length of the others.

Habitat. Station 2, 50 fathoms, January 1st (night tow-netting). Lat. 5° 58' N.,

long. 14° 20' W., surface gathering, January 5th (night tow-netting). Lat. 3° 22' 5" N.,

long. 4° 11' 8" E., 20 and 30 fathoms tow-nettings, January 20th (night collections).

Lat. r 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E., 460 fathoms tow -netting, January 22nd (day collection).

Lat. 1° 29' N., long. 7° 33' 8" E., surface tow-netting, January 27th (night collection).

Station 23, 30 fathoms, February 5th (day collection).

Only a few specimens of this species were obtained ; they were all females, and were

readily distinguished by the large forked spiniform appendage on the basal joints of the

fourth pair of swimming-feet. As has been pointed out by Prof. Brady, TJiidina messi-

nensis, Clans, differs from Vnclina, Dana, by the absence of the first pair of foot-jaws in

the male (as described by Dr. Glaus), and by the inner branches of the first and second

swinimino'-feet being only 1-jointed (Glaus, however describes the inner branch of the

second pair as 2-jointed, but ia the ' Buccaneer ' specimens it was certainly only

1-jointed). In TJndina, Dana, on the other hand, the inner branches of all the

swimming-feet are 3-jointed. Uiidina messlnensis has the fifth pair of feet in the

male similar to those of EuchcBta pulchra, Liibbock (to which it has been doubtfully

referred), but dificrs from that and all other Euchceta} kno\\Ti to me by the very

rudimentary form of the primary branch of the posterior antennse.

FROM THE GULF OF GriNEA. 47

Genus Scolecithrix, Brady.

ScolecithrLv, Brady, Report 'Challenger' Copepoda (1883).

Scolecithrix securifrons, n. sp. (PI. IV. figs. 40-56; PL V. fig. 1.)

Length, exclusive of tail-setae, about 4 mm. Cepbalothorax robust, the anterior

segment fully two-tbirds the length of the body. Forehead with a prominent median

keel, which is continued do\Aniwards to the slightly furcate rostrum. Anterior antennse

longer than the body, 23-jointed in the female, 19-jointcd in the male. The annexed

formula shows very nearly the proportional lengths of the joints : —

Male. 10 ■ 11 . 5 ■ 6 . 6 . 7 ■ 6 . 41 . 22 . 1.3 . 13 ■ 14 . 13 . 10 . 9 . 13 . 13 . 12 . 3 '

12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23.

Female. 13 . 12 . 6 . 6 . 7 . 7 . 7 . 21 . 9 . 11 . 14 . 15 . 15 . 15 . 14 . 14 . 14 . 13 . 13 . 13 . 14 . 12 3.

The long eighth joint has one or two pseudo-divisions, indicating the possible

coalescence of two, if not three, smaller joints. The secondary branch of the posterior

antennse is half as long again as the primary one, 5-jointed, the third and fourth

joints small, the last joint with three terminal setre ; several setse spring from the vicinity

of the two small joints ; the primary branch is furnished with a number of terminal

setae, which, with the others, are all more or less plumose. Mandible-palp with two

small branches set wide apart, and each with numerous plumose hairs. Maxillae and

other mouth-organs as in Scolecithrix Dance. Pirst pair of swimming-feet small, inner

branch 1-jointed, with a lobe-like appendage, terminal spine of the outer branch small.

All the joints of the second and third pairs are armed with transverse curved rows of

short stout spinules, and the terminal sabre-like spines of the outer branches have their

exterior margin strongly and coarsely toothed. The fourth pair Avants the transverse

rows of spinules, but is otherwise similar to the second and third pairs. The fifth jjaii'

in the female is very small, 1-branched, 2-jointed, and with a moderately long

slender, curved, terminal spine, the distal half serrate on the outer margin ; a small

blunt process springs from the inner distal angle of the terminal joint, close to the base

of the elongate spine ; this spine was apparently hinged to the extremity of the last

joint, for in one or two specimens it was turned upAvard at a right angle to the joint, and

in such a manner as to allow of its being ap]jlied to the base of the first abdominal

segment. The fifth feet in the male are strongly developed ; the left foot is 1-branched,

3-jointed, with a curved finger-like process at the extremity ; the right has a slender

1-jointed inner branch, curved outwards so as to be opposed to the 2-jointed clawed

terminal part of the outer branch ; the basal part to which the two branches are attached

is much dilated. Abdomen in the female short, first segment larger and much wider

jwsteriorly than the next; the posterior margiii of the abdominal segments in both sexes

fringed with hairs. Caudal stylets short, divergent, each with four long terminal

plumose setae nearly equal in length, and a small hair near the base of the inner seta.

Habitat. Station 2, 50 fathoms tow-netting, January 1st (niglit collection). Lat. 7°33'N.,

long. 15° 18' W., 25 fathoms tow-netting, January 2nd (night collection). Lat. 1° 55' 5" N.,

long. 55° 55' 5" E., 360 fathoms tow-netting, January 22nd (day collection). Lat. 0° 25' 1" N.,

4S ME- T. SCOTT OX ENTOMOSTRACA

long. 6° 35' 2" E., 10 fathoms tow-netting, January 23rd (night collection). Station 23,

185 fathoms tow-netting, February 5th (clay collection).

Kot more than one, or at most two, specimens of this Scolecitlirix were obtained in

each of the tow-nettings from the localities here recorded. The prominent keeled

forehead, which gives this species such a marked character, enables it to be readily

distingiiished.

^S"

ScOLECiTHRix CTENOPUS, Giesbrecht. (PI. V. figs. 2-9.)

1892. Scolecithrix denopus, Giesbrecht, Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel (Copepoden), p. 285,

pis. 13, 37.

Male. Length, exclusive of tail-setse, 1'83 mm. The cephalothoras elongate, rounded

in front and behind. Anterior antennae slender, reaching to the extremity of the

abdomen, the left 21-, the right 20-jointed. The proportional lengths of the joints of the

left antenna are nearly as follows : —

16. 16. 3. 3.3. 4. 4. 16. 5. 5. 6. 6. 6. 5. 6. 5. 6. 6. 6.6. 3

1 -J. a 4 5 6 7 S y lu 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21'

The sixteenth joint of the right antenna consists of two coalescent joints, but otherwise

the right and left antennse are similar ; posterior antennce and mouth-organs as in Scoleci-

tlirix DaiKe. The inner branch of the third pair of swimming-feet small, the terminal spine

of the outer branch somewhat distorted, its outer margin being furnished with irregular

but stout and prominent teeth. The fifth pair of feet has one very short 3 -jointed,

and one very long, slender, 4-jointed branch, which extends beyond the extremity of

the abdomen ; the last segment of the elongate branch is curved, furnished on one side

with a dense fringe of hairs, and terminates in two unequal spines ; the small 3-jointed

branch is about as long as the first segment of the long branch, the basal joint being

longer than the other two together. Abdomen 4-jointed ; joints subequal, fully one-

fifth the length of the cephalothorax. Caudal stylets short, not divergent, bearing at

the extremity four moderately long plumose hairs, the inner being shorter, and the next

one considerably longer than the others ; the arrangement of the tail-setse in this species

resembles Undina more than Scolecitlirix.

Mahitat. Station 2, 50 fathoms tow-netting, January 1st (night collection). Station 9,

50 fathoms tow-netting, January 10th (day collection). Lat. 3° 58' N., long. 3° 42' W.,

25 fathoms tow-netting, January 13th (day collection). Lat. 3° 55' 3" N., long. 4° 7' 3" E.^

20 fathoms tow-netting, January 20th (day collection). Lat. 0° 21' 1" N., long. 7° 33' E.,

20 fathoms tow-netting, January 29th (day collection).

Scolecitlirix ctenojms was comparatively a rare species in the ' Buccaneer ' collection,

having been observed in only a few of the tow-nettings. The most marked characteristic

uf this Scolecitlirix is the extremely long branch of the fifth foot, having the last

segment curved, and with the margin densely setiferous.

SCOLEClTHrvIX TENUIPES*, n. sp. (PI. V. figs. 10-19.)

Male. Length, exclusive of tail-seta?, 1-4 mm. Anterior antennse reaching to beyond

* From the Iod"- slender fifth loot.

FEOM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 49

the extremity of the abdomen, the left 21-, the right 20-jointed. The following are the

proportional lengths of the joints, nearly, of the left antenna : —

5.4.3.3.3.3.3.13.4. 4.5. 5. 5. 6. 5. 5.5. G.5. 5. 3

12 3 4 5 0 7 ^S 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2l'

The sixteenth joint of the right antenna consists of two coalescent joints, but otherwise

both right and left antennae are similar. The posterior antennae, mouth-organs, and first

pair of swimmiug-feet are somewhat similar to those of Scoleclthrix DancB. The outer

branch of the third pair has a distorted terminal spine, as in Scolecithrix ctenojms. The

segments of all the first four pairs of swimming-feet are armed with curved, transverse

rows of short, stout spinules. The fifth pair of feet consists of one very long, slender

branch, and an extremely short, almost obsolete, 3-jointed one. The elongate branch

has the basal joint somewhat stout and sliort, the second long, fully twice the length of

the third; the fourth long and slender, longer than the second; the last joint is

extremely small, with a spiniform extremity. Abdomen, caudal stylets, and tail-setae as

in Scolecithrix ctenopus, which appears to be closely allied to the species now described.

The fifth pair of feet are, however, decidedly different from those of Scolecithrix ctenopus,

being much more slender and without the fringe of hairs. The terminal worm-like

sense-organs of the anterior foot-jaws are stouter than those of Scolecithrix ctenopus,

though that species is the larger of the two.

Sahitat. Station 2, 50 fathoms tow-netting, January 1st (night collection). Station 9,

50 fathoms tow-netting, January 10th (day collectionj. Lat. V 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5". E.,

30 and 3G0 fathoms tow-nettings, January 22nd (day collection).

Scolecithrix temiipes was not obtained from any surface gatliering, and was of rare

occurrence in the few tow-nettings in which it was observed.

Scolecithrix Dan.e (Lubbock).

1856. Undina Dana, Lubbock, Trans. Entom. Soc. vol. iv. p. 15, pi. ix. figs. 6-9.

1883. Scolecithrix Dance, Brady, Report ' Chall.' Copep. p. 57, pi. xvii. figs. 1-12.

Habitat. Station 2, surface tow-netting, January 1st (night collection). Station 9,

25 fathoms tow-netting, January 10th (day collection). Station 11, 10 fathoms tow-netting,

January 19th (day collection). Stations 21 and 22, surface tow-nettings, February 4th

(day collection). Lat. 5° 55' 1" S., long. 11° 30' 7" E., surface tow-netting, February 18th

(night collection).

Scolecithrix Dance w^as observed in 57 tow-nettings, 20 of which were surface gatherings,

and tiie others undei'-surface ; 10 of the surface and 24 of the under-surface were day

collections, wdiile 10 of the surface and 13 of the under-surface gatherings were collected

during the night, as shown by the formula ; —

r 10 day collections.

f 20 surface 1 m ,,;'i + ^•^-^.

rr, ,,. >- I <- 10 night ditto.

Tow-nettings o / < °

1 37 under-surface | ^"^ '^^^ '^^^tto.

1 13 night ditto.

SECOND SERIES. — ZOOLOGY, VOL. VI. 7

50 MR. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

The imder-siirface tow-nettings ranged from 5 to 260 fathoms. This species was more

or less common in nearly all the tow-nettings in which it was observed.

Scoj-ECiTHKix MINOR, Brady.

1883. Scnlecithrix mirwr, Brady, op. cit. p. 58, pi. xvi. figs. 15-16; pi. xviii. figs. 1-5.

Hahitat. Station 3, surface tow-netting, January 2nd (day collection). Lat. 3° 5.5' 3" N.,

long. 4° 11' 8" E., 50 fathoms tow-netting, January 20th (day collectiou). Station 14,

10 fathoms, January 21st (night collection). Lat. 0° 21' 1" N., long. 7° 33' E., 20 fathoms,

January 29th (day collection). Station 23, 235 fathoms, Eebruary 5th (day tow-netting).

Station 24 (off the mouth of the Congo, colour of the water brownish-olive green to

amber-brown), surface, Eebruary 6th (day collectiou).

This Scolecithrixv{di?>a. somewhat rare species in the 'Buccaneer' tow-nettings; males

especially were very scarce, and were observed only in a 30-fathoms tow-netting from

lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E. The ultimate joint of the longer branch of the male

fifth foot and the appendage of the same branch were not so long as shown in the figure

in the ' Challenger ' Beport, but otiierwise the ' Buccaneer ' specimens agreed with the

description and drawings of Sooleciflirix minor (loc. cit.). I have examined many

specimens, mature and immature, of Scoleciihrix Dance, and have certainly not found the

fifth pair of feet in any of them to agree in structure with those of Scoleciihrix minor ;

hence I feel satisfied that the two are quite distinct from each other.

SCOLECITHRIX LONGICORNIS, n. sp. (PI. V. figS. 20-28.)

Female. Length, not including tail-sette, 1-54 mm. The first body-segment is more

than twice the entire length of the other three ; the forehead is rounded. Anterior

antenme slender, reaching to the extremity of the abdomen, 23-jointed, and furnished

with a number of very small setae (with the exception of the last joints, which

bear longer setas) (fig. 21) ; the proportional lengths of the joints nearly as in the

formula : —

G. 4. 3. 3. 3. 3.. 3. 7. 2. 3. 4. 4.. 5 .6.5. 6. 0.6. 6. 6. 6. 5. 4

i 2 3 4 5 () 7 S U H) U ll' 13 14 15 IG 17 18 1!) 20 21 -I'l 23*

The anterior foot-jaws terminate in four lobes with several plumose set?e at their

extremity, while one lobe forms the base of a fascicle of slender sensory filaments ; a

single filament also springs from the end of the lowest of the four setiferous lobes.

Posterior foot-jaws small, the first two joints long, the third very short, the fourth equal

to the entire length of the last three. Other mouth-organs similar to Scolecitlirix Dance.

The first four pairs of swimming-feet similar to those of Scoleciihrix securifrons. Eifth

pair small, 3-jointed, the middle joint rather longer than either of the other two, and

bearing several small spiniform setae at its exterior distal angle ; the extremity of the

last joint is produced forward into a triangular sharji-pointed process, wiiile an elongate

spine, serrate on the outer margin, springs from the inner distal angle (fig. 27). Abdomen

short, stout, composed of four segments, the first segment large, the other three very

FEOM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 51

short. Caudal stylets short, the length and hreadth equal ; each stylet bears four long

plamose terminal seta;, and one small seta on. the inner distal angle.

Habitat. Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E., 3G0 fathoms (day collection). Station 23,

135 fathoms, February 5th (day collection).

This Scolecithrix was obtained in only two tow-nettiags from comparatively deep -water.

ScoLECiTHRix Bradyi, Gicsbreclit. (PL V. figs. 29-39.)

1892. Scolecithrix Bradyi, Giesbreclit, op. cit. p. 283, pis. 4, 13, 37.

Length about 1-8 mm. In form like that of Scolecithrix Dance. Anterior antennis in

the male as long as the cephalothorax, 19-jointed; in the female 23-jointcd and about

one-fourth longer than those of the male. The proportional lengths of the joints are

nearly as in the annexed formula : —

Male. 4. 4. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 12. 3. 4. 5. 5. 5. 5. 4. 4. 5. 6. 7.

12345 B 78 ^DIO 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23.

Female. 5. 5. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 7^. 3. 4. 5. 5.5.6.6.6.6.5.5.5.6.5.3."

The basal joints bear a number of setse, but the others are very spai-ingly setiferous ;

posterior antenme and mouth-organs as in Scolecithrix Bance, but the larger branch of

the mandible-palp bears a number of very long slender setie. The first four pairs of

swimming-feet are similar to those of Scolecithrix securifrons ; the terminal spines of

the outer branches are finely but somewhat ixnequally serrate on the outer margin and

ciliated on the inner. Eifth pair wanting in the female, 1-branched in the male ; basal

joints dilated ; the third joint of the (?) right foot elongate, with a short digit-like process

on the inner margin near the distal end, the last joint divided to near the base into two

subequal segments, the inner of which is curved upward so as to form a hook-like

appendage. The (?) left foot 5-jointed and longer than the other; the second joint is

the longest, being nearly as long as all the following three together, and bearing at its

inner distal angle an appendage which is fully as long as the third joint. Abdomen and

caudal stylets in both sexes as in Scolecithrix Dance.

Scolecithrix Bradyi resembles Scolecithrix Dance very nearly in its general form, but is

much smaller ; it differs in possessing extremely long hairs on the larger branch of the

mandible-palp, and especially in the form of the fifth pair of feet.

Suhitat. Station 2, 25 fathoms tow^-netting, January 1st (night collection). Station 9,

50 fathoms tow-netting, January 10th (day collection). Olf Sao Thome Island (lat. 0°

34' N., long. G° 30' 4" E.), 20 fathoms tow-netting, January 23rd (day collection). Station

23, 135 fathoms tow-netting, Eebruary 5th (day collection).

Scolecithrix affiuis was obtained in thirteen of the tow-nettings, one only of which was

a surface (night) gathering, the other twelve being under-surface, the depth of which

ranged from 5 to 360 fathoms, and of which three were collected during the day and nine

during the night, as in the formula : —

f 0 day collection.

r 1 surface { -. • i . tv-v-

m i.^- TO (_ 1 night ditto.

Tow-nettmgs 13< ^ °

\\-2 under-surface/ 3 day collections.

1 9 night ditto.

7*

52 MR. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

ScoLECiTHRix LATIPES, n. sp. (PI. III. figs. 21-23 ; PI. V. figs. 40-43.)

Temale. Length 8'2 mm. (l-8th of an inch). Body stout. Abdomen short, 4-jointed

Porehead with a median keel extending round the front to the bifid rostrum. Anterior

antennte rather longer than the thorax, 23jointed, sparingly setiferous (fig. 58). The

proportional lengths of the joints are as shown in the formula : —

35 . 5 . 5 . 5 . 5 . 5 ■ 11 ■ 5 . 5 . (i . 8 . 8 ■ 8 . 8 ■ 9 ■ 9 ■ 6 . 8 . 8 ■ (j . 9 . 10 . 7

T 2~irT~5^6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10 17 18 19 20 21 22 23'

The posterior antennae, mouth-organs, and swimming-feet are somewhat as in Scole-

cithrix I)ancp, but the anterior foot-jaws are strongly gibbous on the underside (PL V.

fig. 42). The fifth pair of feet are simple, considerably dilated, especially towards the end,

and are each furnished with three spines on the broadly-rounded apes ; the inner ^^voq,

which is longer than the others, is finely serrate on the outer margin, the others are plain

(PL III. fig. 22). Caudal stylets short, shghtly divergent, and furnished with four long,

plumose, terminal setse.

This form, of which only one or two specimens (females) were obtained, occurred in a

gathering from 85 fathoms, collected February 5th at Station 23 (lat. 4° 26' T S.,

long. 10° V 8" E.).

Scolecithrix latipes was readily distinguished from the other species of Scolecithrix by

the pecuHar form of the fifth pair of feet, which are broad and leaf-like.

Scolecithrix major, n. sp. (PL III. figs. 24-26 ; PL V. figs. 44, 45.)

Female. Length 3 mm. (l-8th of an inch). Body elongate. The anterior foot-jaws

are stout and the marginal lobes are furnished with long, spiniform, plumose, terminal

setae ; all the sensory filaments are large with the exception of two, which are smaller and

provided witli elongate acutely -pointed heads. The terminal spines of the swimming-feet,

especially those of the third and fourth pairs, are coarsely toothed on the outer margin ;

there are sixteen or seventeen large teeth along the margin. Fifth pair small, simple,

2-jointed ; the last joint is about three times the length of the other, and armed with

one moderately long terminal and one small subtermiual spine, while a long spiniform

seta springs from near the middle of the inner margin. Abdomen long, composed of four

segments, the first three nearly equal, the last much shorter. Caudal stylets short, about

as long as the last abdominal segment ; apical sette four, plumose.

Habitat. Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E., 460 fathoms (day collection, January 22nd).

The form of the animal, the armature of the anterior foot-jaws, and the coarsely-toothed

terminal spines of the swimming-feet are characters which distinguish this from other

species of Scolecithrix. A considerable portion of the anterior antennte was wanting in

the only specimen obtained.

Scolecithrix tumida, n. sp.* (PL III. figs. 33-38.)

? Scolecithrix ubyssalis, Giesbreclit, op. cit. p. 284, pL 13. figs. 15, 40, pi. 37. fig. 7.

Female. Length 2-4 mm. Body somewhat robust ; forehead obtuse, with a small

* This is probably the Scola-ithi-iv abi/ssalis of Giesbrechfc ; but, as there appear to be some difi'erences between his

FEOM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 53

rostrum ; jiostero-lateral angles of last thoracic segment rounded. Anterior antennre

long, reaching to near the extremity of the abdomen, 21 -jointed and sparingly setiferous.

The annexed formula shows the proportional lengths of the joints : —

12 . 3 ■ 3 . 3 . ;i ■ 3 . 8 . 3 ■ 3 ■ 4 . 6 ■ 0 ■ 7 ■ 7.8.7.7.7.6.8.11

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1(5 17^18~i9~2(rTl'

Anterior foot-jaws stout ; four of the marginal lobes are each armed with a long

setiferous spine and two sctce ; a number of slender sensory filaments spring from the end

of the anterior foot-jaws as in other species of Scolccithrix. The terminal spines of the

swimming-feet are finely toothed on the outer margin ; the arrangement of the marginal

teeth of the terminal spines of the third and fourth j)airs differs from those of the second,

as shown in figure 36. The fifth pair are small, somewhat dilated, and 1-jointed, armed

with one terminal spine, a stout and prominent spine on the inner margin, and a small

tooth on the outer margin (fig. 37). Abdomen short, stout, the last segment small. Caudal

stylets short, the breadth about equal to the length, and furnished with one subterminal

and three apical sette.

Eabitat. Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E., 460 fathoms (January 22nd, day collection).

Station 23, 85, and 235 fathoms (February 5th, day collection).

Scolecithrix tumida is a rare species in the ' Buccaneer ' collections ; its robust form,

the spinous armature of the anterior foot-jaws, and the dilated fifth pair of feet are

characters that readily distinguish it from other species of Scolecithrix.

Scolecithrix dubia, Giesbrecht. (PI. III. figs. 27-32 )

1892. Scolecithrix dubia, Giesbrecht, oj). cit. p. 281, pi. 13. fig. 29 a.

1892. Scolecithrix simulans, Scott (!MS. uame).

? Male. Length 1-6 mm. Body robust; abdomen of moderate length, 3-jointed, the

middle segment rather shorter than the first or last. Anterior antennae reaching to

about the end of the second abdominal segment, sparingly setiferous, composed of twenty

joints, the eighth equal to the entire length of the preceding four, the last two elongate,

slender. The formula shows the proportional lengths of the diflerent joints : —

5. 5. 3.3. 3.3. 3. 12. 3. 5. 6. 7.7. 7.7.5 .5.4.8.0

12 3 4 5 6 7 8 S) 10 11 12 13 14 15 10 17 18 19 20'

The articulation between the sixteenth and seventeenth joints of the right antenna is

imperfect and somewhat indistinct. The posterior antennae, mouth-ap^jendages, and

first four pairs of swimming-feet nearly as in Scolecithrix Dcmce, except that the marginal

lobes, especially the one nearest the apex, of the anterior foot-jaws bear elongate curved

spines with ciliate inner margins ; the apex, as in Scolecithrix Dance, bears a number of

hair-like filaments (fig. 29). The terminal spines of the swimming-feet are finely serrate

on the outer and ciliate on the inner margins. The fifth pair are unequal; the (?) left

consists of three joints ; the basal part of the elongate middle joint is considerably swollen

and bears a (?) spiniform appendage on its inner aspect ; the inner angle at the distal end

description and figures and the description and figures given in this Eeport, I leave the ' Buccaneer ' species as

originally described.

54 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

forms a produced lobe-like process ; the last joint small, curved imvard, and bearing a

minute bent terminal spine. The (?) right foot is longer than the other and 5-jointed ;

the first joint is about twice the length of the first joint of the (?) left foot, but the first

and second joints of the (?) right are together scarcely equal to the length of the same

joints of the other foot ; an elongate appendage — ? as long as the third joint — springs from

the end of the second joint ; the third and fourth joints, which are subequal in length, are

more slender than the preceding joint, and are together nearly equal in length to the

first ; the fifth, which is scarcely so long as the fourth and appears to be connected with

it by a hinged articulation, is ciliate on the inner edge.

Habitat. Lat. 4° 26' 7" S., long. 10° 1' 8" E., in a tow-net gathering from 235 fathoms

collected between 11 a.m. and 3.30 p.m. February 6th.

This Scolecithrix somewhat resembles Amallophora in the form of the feet of the fifth

pair, but differs in the number and proportional length of the joints. It also differs from

any other Scolecithrix described in tliis Report in the proportional length of the joints of

the anterior antenna;, the form of the anterior foot-jaws, and the fifth pair of feet.

Subgenus Amallophora *.

(Subgenus of Scolecithrix, Brady.)

Anterior antennsB 20- to 23-joiuted. Mouth-organs and swimming-feet nearly as in

Scolecithrix, except that the anterior foot-jaws are furnished with one or more appendages,

each consisting of a bundle of filaments resembling a sheaf of corn in miniature.

Fifth pair of feet in the male dissimilar, 1- or 2-branched, prehensile ; in the female

siuiple, 1-branclied.

Amallophora tvpica, n. sp. (PL III. figs. 39-lG ; PI. VI. figs. 1-1.)

Length 2"7 mm. (about l-9th of an iuch). .Body elongate, moderately stout ; forehead

rounded. Anterior antennai rather longer than the body, 20-jointed, and sparingly

setiferous. The formula shows approximately the proportional lengths of the joints : —

15 . 18 . 10 . 10 . 10 ■ 10 ■ 10 . 17 . C4 . 21 . 25 . 2G . 26 . 22 . 14 . 15 . 14 . 16 . 14 . 10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 y 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20*

The first seven joints bear short club-shaped appendages. Primary branch of the

posterior antenna? short, secondaiy branch moderately long, the intermediate three very

short (fig. 41). Mandible small, with a large 2-branched palp, one of the branches 2-,

the other 4-jointed (fig. 42). Anterior foot-jaws stout, short, 4-jointed, first joint

long, the second provided with an appendage bearing a large rounded cluster of curled

filaments, and somcAvhat resembling a sheaf of corn in miniature ; third and fourth joints

small and armed with a large spiniform and several small plumose setie (fig. 44). Posterior

foot-jaws slender and elongate, 6-jointed, the first, second, and fourth joints long, the

others very short and bearing a few seta;. The first four pairs of swimming-feet as in

Scolecithrix ; the terminal spines are strongly serrate on the outer edge, those of the third

* "A/i(u\Aa, a bundle or sheaf, aud ^epeu-, to carry.

FKOM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 55

pair considerably narrowed at the base. The fifth pair is simple, consisting^ of one short

3-jointcd branch, which terminates in a small spine, and one very long" and slender

branch, composed of four nearly equal parts, and bearing a ciliate digitiform process and

a number of short sette at the apex. Abdomen short, tlie first segment rather narrower

than tlie next ; the last is very small. The caudal stylets are also very short and somewhat

divergent (PI. IV. fig. 4).

Habitat. Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5^ 55' 5'' E., in a tow-net gathering from 35 fiithoms,

collected January 22nd. Only one specimen of this curious form Avas obtained.

Amallophora magna, n. sp. (PI. IV. figs. 5-9.)

Female. Length about 4"5 mm. (2-lltlis of an inch). Body robust, attenuated towards

the front, tlic first segment equal to the entire length of the other body-segments and

abdomen; head produced into a distinct though small median keel, which passes round

over the forehead (fig. 31). The postero-lateral angles of the last thoracic segment are

produced ventrally into a small tooth. Anterior foot-jaws small; four of the marginal lobes

are furnished with long terminal plumose setae, while the other forms the l)asc of a long

setose spine; several small sensory filaments, some of which have rounded licads, spring

from the extremity of the foot-jaw, as shown in fig. 0. The other mouth-organs and

swimming-feet are similar to those in Scolec'dhrLv Daiicv, except that the large terminal

spines of the swimming-feet are strongly toothed on the outer margin. Tlie fifth pair

are very small, simple, 2-jointed; the second joint is nearly twice the length of the

other and provided with one terminal and two submarginal setoe ; the terminal and one

of the submarginal sette are long and slender, the other is very short (fig. 9). Abdomen

short.

Kahltat. Off Sao Thome Island, 20 fathoms, January 23rd (day collection).

One specimen only of this curious form was obtained ; it wanted a considerable portion

of the anterior antennae and part of the abdomen, but, though thus mutilated, the peculiar

structure of the anterior foot-jaws and the large, strongly-toothed, terminal spines of the

swimming-feet, together with the large size of the animal, readily distinguish this from

allied species. No males were observed.

Amallophoea dttbia, n. sp. (PI. IV. figs. 10-18.)

Mule. Length 2-5 mm. (1-lOth of an inch). In this species the first cephalothoracic

segment is nearly equal to the entire length of the other three body-segments and the

abdomen. Anterior antennse about as long as the cephalothorax ; the right antenna is

18-, the left 23-jointed ; in the right antenna, which is indistinctly geniculate at

the proximal half (fig. 11), the seventh joint is composed of five and the fifteenth, of

two coalesced joints; the first thirteen joints of the left antenna and the corresponding

joints of the right have a row of elongate setae along the upper margin, each of which

is fvu'nished with a membrane-like unilateral expansion or fringe as shown in the figure,

but the remaining portion of the antenna? is only sparingly setiferous. The annexed

formula shows the proportional lengths of the right and left antennce : —

56 MR. T. SCOTT ON EXTOMOSTRACA

The mouth-organs are as in Scolccith^'lx, except that the anterior foot-jaws are each

provided with two jieculiar appendages, consisting of a moderately stout filament bearing

an oblong conical head, which appears to be composed of dense fibre-like tissue (fig. 13).

The posterior foot-jaws are furnished at the extremity with a few hair-like papilliferous

filaments (fig. 14). The swimming-feet are as in Scolecithrix, but the first four pairs

difi"er in the form and amount of their armature (figs. 15, 16). The fifth pair has the

second joint of the left foot elongate ; the basal part of the joint is greatly dilated, and is

furnislied interiorly with a spiniform appendage which terminates in a small apical seta ;

the third and fourth joints are small and slender ; both branches of the right foot are

2-jointed and furnished with small digitiform terminal processes (fig. 17). The abdomen

is composed of four segments, the first l)eiug rather shorter than the others. Caudal

stylets short, each bearing four moderately long, plumose, terminal hairs (fig. 18).

Habitat. Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5' E. In two gatherings, one from 360 fathoms

and one from 160 fathoms. Collected during the middle of the day, January 22nd.

Variety similis. (PL IV. figs. ]9-23.)

This is a form which occurred along with the other in the gathering from 460 fathoms,

and which, though closely resembling it, yet diff'ers in a few points. It resembles

AmaUoj^hora dnbia, es^^ecially in the form of the fifth pair of feet, but differs considerably

in the proportional length of the joints of the anterior antenute and of the segments of

the abdomen, as will be observed by comparing the figures of the variety with those of

the species.

Amallophoka eobusta, n. sp. (PL IV. figs. 24-29.)

Female. Length 3 mm. (l-8th of an inch). The body is robust, with a rounded forehead

and a small rostrum. The anterior foot-jaws are jorovided with a number of terminal

filaments, the majority of which are comparatively short and possess ovate conical heads,

while three of them are stout and moderately long and resemble those in Scolecithrix

(fig. 25). Posterior foot-jaws as in Scolecithrix, except that the first joint in each is

furnished with a short and stout filament having an ovate pointed head like the smaller

filaments of the anterior foot-jaws. The swimming-feet are similar to those of Amallo-

fhora magna, but the terminal spines are long, and finely seri'ate on the outer edge, and

plain on the inner edge. The fifth feet are small, simple, and 2-jointed; a large setose

spine springs from the inner margin, and a small spiniform seta from the outer margin,

of the last joint ; ^\hile a plain spine, smaller than that on the inner margin, springs from

the inner part of the rounded ai^ex, as shown in. the figure (fig. 28). Abdomen comj^ara-

tively small, 4-jointed, the segments subequal. Caudal stylets about half the length

of the last abdominal segment, and furnished with four apical plumose setae.

FEOM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 57

mthitat. Station 23 (Lat. 4° 26' 7" S., long. 10° 1' 8" E.), in a gathering from 85 fathoms.

Collected about midday, Eebruaiy 5th.

One or two specimens only of this species were obtained. The armature of the anterior

and posterior foot-jaws, the long and finely serrate terminal spines of the swimming-feet,

and the form and armatiu-e of the fifth pair are characters by which this may be dis-

tinguished from other allied species.

Genus Euch^ta, Philippi.

Eucliata, Philippi, Arcliiv f. Natiirgcsch. 1843; Dana, Proc. Amcr. Acad. Sci. 1849; Claus,

Die fieilebcndeu Copepodeu, 1863 ; Brady, Report Cliall. Copep. 1883.

Edch^ta maeina (Prestandrea, 1833).

1843. Euclueta Prestandrea, Philippi, Arehiv. f. Naturgesch. Taf. iv. fig. 5.

18G3. EuchcEta Prestundrece, Claus, Die freilebeudeii Copepodeu, p. 183, pi. v. fig. 12 a, pi. ix.

figs. Q, 7, 9, 12, pi. XXX. figs. 8-17.

1883. Euclueta Prestandreie, Brady, Report Chall. Copep. p. 60, pi. xvdii. figs. 7-15, aud pi. xix.

1892. Euclueta marina, Giesbrecht, Fauna und Flora des Golfcs von Neapel (Copepoden), p. 262,

pis. 1, 15, 16, 37.

Habitat. Stations 2, 3, 9, 11, 14, 21, 24, aud others; also Lagoon, Sao Thome Island,

surface tow-nettings.

Euchceta, inarina was one of the commoner species observed in the collection. It

occurred in lOG tow-nettings, 47 of which were surface-gatherings and 59 uuder-surface,

ranging from 2 to 460 fathoms. 16 of the surface and 41 of the u.nder-surface tow-nettings

Avere collected during the day, and 31 of the surface and 18 of the uuder-surface during

the night, as represented in the formula : —

J 16 day collections.

... . n. r ^^ ''''"^''''^ ^ 31 night ditto.

Tow-nettmgsl06<^ . ^^ " ,.^^

1 59 under-surface 1 ^^ '^^^ '^^"O"

1 18 night ditto.

A greater number of Euchceta marina carried ova than any other species of

Calanidse in the ' Buccaneer ' collection. The clusters of ova somewhat resembled

miniature bunches of grapes.

ErcH^TA PULCHRA (Lubbock).

1856. Undina pulcliru, Lubbock, Trans. Entom. Soc. iv. p. 14, pi. iv. figs. 5-8, pi. vii. fig. 6.

1883. Euclueta pulchra, Brady, Report Chall. Copep. p. 63, pi. xiv. figs. 6-9, pi. xx. figs. 14-19.

mihitat. Lat. 7° 33' N., long. 15° 18' W., 25 fathoms tow-netting, January 2nd (night

collection). Lat. 2° 34' 9" N., long. 5° 22' 2" E., 20 fathoms, January 21st (night col-

lection). Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E., 35 fathoms, January 22nd (day collection).

Lat. 0° 25' 1" N., long. 6° 36' 6''E., 10 fathoms, January 24th (night collection). These are

the only tow-nettings in which this Euchceta was observed, and a few specimens only were

obtained .

SECOND SERIES. — ZOOLOGY, VOL. VI. 8

58 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

EucHiETA ATJSTRALis, Brady, (PI. VI. fig. 23.)

1883. Euchceta australis, Brady, Report Chall. Copep. p. 65, pi. xxi. figs. 5-11.

A single specimen of this species (a male) was obtained in a tow-net gatliering from

50 fatlioms at Station 2 (lat. 7° 54' N., long. 17° 25' W.). Collected between 7.20 and

8.20 p.m., January 1st. I have nothing to add to the description of this apparently rare

species contained in the Report on the Copepoda of the ' Challenger ' Expedition,

The species, after being dissected, was easily recognized by the description and figures of

it in that Report.

EucH^TA GiCAS, Brady.

1883. Euchata gigas, Brady, loc. cit. p. 65, pi. xxii. figs. 1-5.

This Euchceta was obtained in a tow-net gathering from a depth of 35 fathoms in

lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E. Collected during the day, January 22nd. Two or at

most three specimens (females) were obtained.

EucH^TA BARBATA, Brady. (PI. VI. fig. 17.)

1883. Euchceta barbata, Brady, loc. cit. p. 66, pi. xxii. figs. 6-12.

This 'Eucliceta was obtained in three different tow-net gatherings, in one from 50

fathoms at Station 2, January 1st, in one from 360 fathoms in lat. 1° 55" 5' N,, long.

5° 55' 5" E., January 22 nd, and in one from 30 fathoms, at Station 23, Eebruary 4-th.

This remarkable species is readily distinguished from other EuclicetcB by the tufts of

setae on the last abdominal segment, by the first abdominal segment being greatly dilated

ventrally, and by the tufts of seta3 on the posterior angles of the last thoracic segment.

Very few specimens (females) were obtained.

ErCHiETA (?) Hessei, Brady, var. similis, nov. var. (PL VI. figs. 24 & 25.)

1883. Euchmta Hessei, Brady, loc. cit. p. 63, pi. xx. figs. 1-13, pi. xxiii. figs. 11-14.

Male. Length 2"2 mm. (l-12th of an inch). Body elongate, rounded in front; the

postero-lateral angles of the last thoracic segment are produced in aculeate spines, as

shown in fig. 1. Anterior antennae as long as the thorax, 21-jointed, geniculate at the

twelfth joint ; the eighth and twelfth joints are composed of two or three coalesced

joints and are indistinctly articulated ; the basal joints are furnished with leaf -like appen-

dages, and a club-shaped filament springs from the end of the last joint. The annexed

formula shows the proportional lengths of the joints : —

10. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 8. 3. 3. 4. 4. 5.6. 6. 6. 9. 14. 8. 8. 8

1 2 3 4 5 G 7 8 y 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 IS 19 20 21

Posterior antennae and mouth-organs similar to those of Euchceta marina, but

the anterior foot-jaws, though small, are somewhat stout, as shown in fig. 4. Swimming-

feet also as in that species, except that tlie terminal spines of the swimming-feet are

more coarsely serrate — especially those of the third and fourth pairs, the serrations of

which number about eighteen ; the secondary spines of the second pair are longer than

TEOM THE GULF OF GUITs'EA. 59

in the other swimming-feet. The fiftli pair (fig. 25) closely resemble those of Euchceta

Sessei as figured in the ' Challenger ' Copepocla. Abdomen composed of four nearly

equal segments. Caudal stylets very short, furnished with four long plumose hairs.

Hahitcd. Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E., 460 fathoms (day collection, January 22nd).

This comes very near Euchceta Sessei* and is possibly a form of that species. It

differs in the following points : — It wants the prominent rostrum of Euchceta Hessei ; the

posterior margin of the last thoracic segment bears on each side a small but distinct

aculeate spine; it possesses small but stout anterior foot-jaws; the inner edge of the terminal

spines of the swimming-feet is densely cilia te. The right foot of the fifth pair has no

secondary appendage and terminates in a spiniform process ; the left foot has a very short

inner appendage, and the last joint, which is elongate, is geniculate near the middle.

No females were observed.

Etjch.^ta hebes, Giesbrecht. (PI. VI. figs. 18 & 19.)

1892. Euchceta hebes, Giesbrecht, op. cit. p. .263, pis. 15, 16, 37.

Male. Length 2"7 mm. (l-9th of an inch). Body elongate, rostrum small. Anterior

antennae not longer than the thorax, 22-jointed ; the second joint bears a number of small

club-shaped appendages ; the upper margin of the eighth joint is produced near the

distal end into a small digitiforni setiferous lobe ; the proportional lengths of the joints is

shown in the annexed formula : —

G. 5. 3. 3. 3. 4. 4. 9. 4. 4. 6. 6. 6. 7. 7. 8. 9. 8. 8. 9. 8. 11

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 IS 19 20 21 22

Posterior antennjB robust, the primary branch considerably shorter than the secondary.

Mouth-organs as in Euchceta marina, except that the posterior foot-jaws are com-

paratively short and stout. Swimming-feet nearly as in Euchceta marina ; the

fifth pair are unequal in length ; the left is 2-branched, the outer branch 3-jointed,

the last joint being long and slender, with a bluntly rounded extremity, the inner branch

is 1-joiuted and as long as the first two joints of the outer branch ; the right foot,

which has a small rudimentary inner branch, is shorter than the other and terminates in

three processes ; one of these processes is stout, curved, and spiniform ; the second is

oblong-ovate, somewhat truncate at the apex, and bears a dense fringe of cilia on the

distal end of the inner margin ; tlie third is a strong, somewhat hook-like appendage,

serrate on the inner edge. The whole forms a complicate apparatus with which the left

foot probably interlocks. Abdomen elongate, of four nearly equal segments, the posterior

margins of which are serrate. Caudal stylets very short, nearly obsolete, and furnished

with four plumose setae — the third from the outside being considerably longer than the

others.

Mahitat. Station 2, 50 fathoms (night collection, January 1st). Station 9, 50 fathoms

(day collection, January 10th).

* This reference is to the description aud drawings of Eachnia J/csscl in the 'Challenger" Copepoda, as no Eucha;ta

agreeing -with these was obtained in the ' Buccaneer ' collections,

8*

60 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTRACA

This species is closely allied to Euchceta marina, but differs in several important

points and especially in tlie character of the fifth feet ; it also wants the prominent bifid

rostrum of that species. No females were observed.

Etjch^ta hebes, var. valida. (PI. VI. figs. 20-22.)

A form, which may be only a variety of Euchceta hebes, occurred along with that

species in a tow-net gathering from 50 fathoms at Station 2 (lat. 7° 54' N., long. 17° 25' W.).

But while resembling Euchceta hebes in general form and in the form of the fifth feet, it

differs in some of its structural details as well as by its much greater size. The following

is a description of some of its more obvious differences : —

Length (male) 5*7 mm., of which the body forms two-thirds and the abdomen one-

third. Anterior antennte reaching somewhat beyond the last thoracic segment, 22-

jointed, sparingly setiferous ; the eighth joint, which is longer than the preceding

two together, and the seventeenth, eighteenth, and last are subequal, and are the longest

joints of the antenna?. The proportional lengths of the joints are nearly as shown in the

formtda : —

12 . 12 . 5 ■ li ■ 7 . 8 . 9 ■ 19 ■ 6 ■ 8 ■ 11 ■ 10 . 13 ■ 14 ■ 15 ■ 10 . 19 ■ 19 ■ 16 ■ 16 ■ 15 ■ 19

i 2 3 4 5 6 7 S 9 lU 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2,1 22"

Between each of the large marginal teeth of the proximal half of the terminal spines

of the second, third, and fourth swimming-feet there is a very small tooth ; it can only

be satisfactorily distinguished by using a moderately high magnification (fig. 21). The

second joint of the (?) right foot of the fifth pair is moderately short and considerably

swollen, and bears interiorly at its distal end an appendage, the lengtli of which is rather

greater than the elongate third joint ; the fourth joint is very slender and as long as the

third, and terminates in a blunt-pointed extremity. The (?) left foot is 4-jointed, the

first joint is short, the second and third elongate ; the last, which is comparatively short,

ends in a complex trifid apparatus, somewhat similar to that of Euchceta hebes (fig. 22).

Abdomen slender, the last segment about two-thirds the length of the preceding. Stylets

short, thek breadth scarcely equal to the length ; the long seta — the third seta from the

outside — of each is at least equal in length to the abdomen.

Genus Candace, Dana.

Candacia, Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci. 1846.

Ifionyx, Kvoyer, Nat. Tidsskr. 1849.

Candace, Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped. 1853.

Candace pachtdactyla, Dana.

1852. Candace pachyihtctyla, Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped. p. 1113, pi. Ixxviii. figs. 2a-b.

1883. Candace pachydactyla, Brady, Report Cliall. Exped. p. 68, pi. xxxi. figs. 2-9.

Habitat. Station 2, 5 fathoms tow-netting, January 1st (night collection). Lat. 4° 21'

8'' N., long. 1° 57' W., surface tow-netting, January 14th (day collection). Station 24,

10 fathoms, January 21st (night collection). Lagoon, Sao Thome Island, surface,

FEOM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 61

January 27tli (clay collection). Station 23, surface, 10, 20, 85, and 185 fathoms tow-

nettings, February 5th (clay collection). Lat. S" 36' 8" S., long. 12° 57' E., surface,

February 9th (clay collection).

This Ccmdace was obtained from 57 tow-nettings, 24 of which were surface and 33

under-surface gatherings ; 37 of the tow-nettings (16 surface and 21 under-surface) were

collected during the day, and 20 (8 surface and 12 under-surface) were collected during

the night, as shown in the formula : —

16 day collection.

8 nio'ht ditto.

r24s surface

Tow-nettino;s 57< .^_ . ..,,

33 under-surface / ^^ ^^ ^"*^°-

night ditto.

■■»'■

{

The under-surface tow-nettings ranged in depth from 2 to 260 fathoms. Ccmdace

pachyclactyla, as noted above, occurred in twice as many day surface as in night surface-

gatherings ; its distribution in this respect is thus more or less the reverse of that of most

of the species described in this Report.

Candace pectinata, Brady.

1878. Candace pectinata, Brady, Monog. Brit. Copep. i. p. 49, pi. viii. figs. 14, 15 ; pi. s. figs. 1-12.

1883. Candace pectinata, Brady, Report Chall. Copep. p. 67, pi. xxx. figs. 1-13.

Habited. Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E., 35 fathoms, January 22nd (day collec-

tion). Station 23, surface tow-netting, February 5th (day collection).

This Candace was of rare occurrence in the ' Buccaneer ' collections.

Candace intermedia, n. sp. (PI. IV. figs. 30-37.)

? Candace curta, Dana (1852), Crust. U. S. Espl. Expedition,

Length, exclusive of tail-seta?, 2'46 mm. In form somewhat like Candace pectinata,

Brady, but the posterior margin of the first thoracic segment is produced in the median

dorsal line so as to form a distinct hump, which is usually of a chocolate- brown colour,

while the surrounding integument is white or nearly so (fig. 56). The last thoracic

segment (figs. 62, 63) is furnished on each side with four small hairs, the posterior one

being the longest. The 16th, 17th, and 18th joints of the right male antennae are

toothed in a manner somewhat similar to that of Candace pectinata, but the teeth on the

18th joint (the joint on the distal side of the hinge) do not form a distinct beard-like

fringe as in that species. The proportional lengths of the joints, especially of the right

male antenna, differ from those of C. pectinata and are very nearly as in the annexed

formula : —

Male antenna}. 10 . 10 . 3 . 5 . 6 . 3 . 3 . 3 . 3 . 3 . 4 . 6 . 6 . 7 . 8 . (J . 10 . 10 . 10 . 6 . 5 . 6 . 8.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 X3 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23.

Female antennas. 10 . 10 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 3 . 3 . 3 . 3 . 3 . 5 . 5 . .5 . 7 . 7 . 9 . S . 9 . 7 . 5 . 4 . .5 . 6.

The 17th joint in the male is usually dark-coloured. The mouth-organs and swimming-

feet, except the fifth pair, resemble those of Candace pectinata. The fifth feet in the

female are somewhat like those of Candace pachydactyla, but the terminal spines only

62 ME, T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

are dark-coloured ; the fiftli feet in the male are intermediate in form (fig. 35) between

Candace pectinata and Candace pachydactyla. The abdomen in the female has the first

segment stout and rounded — not "produced at each side into a triangular prominence,"

as in Candace pectinafa. The first segment in the male, however, is produced on

the right side similar to that species. The posterior margin of all the abdominal

segments is finely and distinctly serrate. Between the second and third setse of the

caudal stylets (counting from the outside) there is a short stout spine, which was quite

conspicuous in some of the specimens.

This species is intermediate between Candace pectinata and Candace pachydactyla,

but is readily distinguished from both by the characteristic dark-coloured dorsal hump

described above.

Habitat. Station 2, 5 fathoms, January 1st (night collection). Station 9, 50 fathoms

(day collection). Lat. 1" 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E., 36 fathoms, January 22nd (day

coUectionj. Station 23, surface and 10 fathoms, February 5th (day collection). Lat. 7°

5Ji' 6" S., long. 12° 14' 7" E., surface, February 9th (day collection). This species occurred

in 16 tow-nettings, 9 of which were surface and 7 under-surface gatherings ; the under-

surface tow-nettings were from 5 to 50 fathoms. The proportion of day to night

eatherings in which it was observed is shown in the annexed formula : —

f 2 day collections.

17

r 9 surface I 7 night ditto.

Tow-nettmgs 16 <^ r a ^ ^•>.l.

17 under-surfaceJ^' day ditto.

I 3 night ditto.

Candace intermedia, though restricted in its distribution, was nevertheless of frequent

occurrence in some of the gatherings in which it was observed.

Candace varicans, Giesbrecht. (PL IV. figs. 38, 39 ; PI. VII. figs. 7-10.)

1892. Candace varicans, Giesbrecht, Faima und Flora des Golfes von Neapel (Copepoden), p. 439,

pi. 22. figs. 22, 23.

Candace tenuiremus, Scott (MS. name).

Length, exclusive of tail-setce, 2"3 mm. Anterior antennse long and slender, reaching

to the extremity of the abdomen, 21-jointed in the female, the right antenna in the male

23-jointed ; the proportional lengths of the joints as in the annexed formula: —

Male right antenna. 10 . 10 . 5 . 4 . 0 . 7 . 3 . 4 . 3 . 3 . 4 . 4 . 8 . 7 ■ 8 . 8 . 6 . 13 . 11 . 13 . 7 ■ 6 . 8.

1 2 3 4 5 0 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1-5 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24.

Female antenna . . . 12 . 10 . 4 . 4 . 0 . 8 . 4 . 3 . 4 . 4 . 4 . 7 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 10 . 11 . 12 . 13 . 12 . 7 . 5 . 7 . 10.

The 18th joint of the right male antenna (the joint on the proximal side of the hinge)

is distinctly pectinate ; the 17th joint, which is about half the length of the 18th, is finely

toothed, and the 19th has a fringe of small fine setse on the upper margin ; several of the

basal joints bear strong marginal spines, and the 20th joint is as long as the following

two joints together. The female antemiEe resemble those of Candace truncata. The

mouth-organs and first four pairs of swimming-feet resemble those of other species of

Candace. The 5th pair in the female 3-jointed, the last joint long, with three long, stout.

FKOM THE GULF OF GriNEA. 63

terminal setose spines, and a small spine on tlie exterior margin below the middle of tlie

segment ; the 2nd joint has a stout seta on the exterior distal angle. The 5tli pair in the

male are somewhat similar to those of Candace pectiuata and Candace pachydactyla; the

left foot is 4-jointed, the penultimate bcmg longer than the others, and furnished

with a fringe of hairs on the lower exterior margin and a small spine near the interior

distal angle; the outer margin of the last joint has a fi'inge of hairs on the upper half and

four spines (2 short, 1 long, and 1 intermediate) near the margin of the lower half.

There is a small tuft of hairs and a spine on the inner aspect of the same foot ; the right

foot termmates in a stout prehensile hand like Candace pect'mata. The posterior thoracic

segment has the lateral angles produced into stout prominent spines, which in the male

reach to near the end of the first abdominal segment. The abdomen in the male 5-, in

the female 3-jointed; the first segment of the female abdomen is about as long as the

other two together, stout and rounded, but not produced into angular processes as in

Candace pect'mata. It resembles Candace trimcata in this respect, but the middle

segment is much shorter than in that species. The abdomen of the female in the

' Buccaneer ' specimens is dark-coloured — almost black, but only the stylets of the

male abdomen are dark-coloured. The tail-setse are also dark-coloured and densely

plumose. This species is intermediate between Candace pachydactyla and Candace

triincata ; its chief distinctive characters seem to be the form of the anterior male

antenna and of the male and female fifth feet.

Hahltat. Lat. 1°55' 5" S., long. 5° 55' 5" E. It was obtained in two tow-nettings from

this locality, one from 35 fathoms and one from 460 fathoms. The peculiar arrange-

ment of the colour, together with its decided character, make the species, especially

the females, quite conspicuous among their confreres.

Candace truncata, Dana.

1852. Candace truncata, Daua, Crust. U. S. Exj^lor. Exped. p. 1118, pi. Ixxviii. figs. 8 a-d.

1863. 1 Candace fizA^ji/iosa, Claus, Die freilebendeu Copep. p. 191, pi. xxvii. figs. 9-16; pi. xxxiii.

fig. 5.

1883. Candace trimcata, Brady, Report ' Challenger ' Copep. p. 69, pi. xxviii. figs. 12-15 ; pi. xxix.

figs. 1-14.

Habited. Station 2, 25 fathoms tow-netting, January 1st (night collection). Lat. 1°

55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E., 20 and 30 fathoms tow-netting, January 22nd (day collections).

Off Sao Thome Island, lat. 0° 38' 6" N., long. 6° 25' 8" E., 20 fathoms tow-netting,

January 23rd (day collection). Station 23, surface tow-netting, February 5th (day

collection).

Candace truncata was a somewhat rare species in the ' Buccaneer ' collection, the

tow-nettings described above being the only ones in which it was observed. It never-

theless appears to have a wide distribution.

64) MR. T. SCOTT OX ENTOMOSTEACA

Genus Mormonilla, Giesbrecht (1891).

Corynuropis, Scott (MS. 1892).

Resembles Corynura, Brady, in general appearance but differs in the following

details : —

1st. The body becomes gradually narrower posteriorly, so that the thorax and abdomen

are not clearly defined the one from the other.

2nd. The secondary branch of the posterior antennae is multiarticulate.

3rd. The maxillae are provided with a well-developed bilobed palp.

4th. The anterior foot-jaws are large and resemble those of Hemicalanus longicornis,

Claus.

5th. The posterior foot-jaws, which are fui'nished with a number of marginal setse, are

2-jointed, the apical joint being comparatively short (fig. 17). They resemble neither

Acartia nor Corynura.

6th. The outer branches of the first four pairs of swimming-feet are 2-, and the inner

branches 1-jointed, except the first and second pairs, which appear to have the inner

branches very indistinctly 2-joiuted.

7th. In the female the fifth pair of feet is absent or obsolete. Male unknown.

These differences, especially the 3rd, 5th, and 7th, are too important to allow of the

' Buccaneer ' specimens being ascribed to Corynura, even though the general resem-

blance is very striking.

MoBMONiLLA PHASMA, Giesbrecht. (PI. VII. figs. 11-21.)

1892. Mormonilla phasma, Giesbrecht, Fauna uiid Flora des Golfes von Neapel (Copepoden), p. 536,

pi. 43. figs. 28-32, 3-1-41.

1892. Corynuropis tenuicaudatus, Scott (MS. name).

Female. Length 1-7 mm. Body elongate-pyriform, composed of five segments, the first

equal to the combined length of the other body-segments and abdomen; forehead narrowly

rounded. Anterior antennae slender, 5 -jointed, and bearing a number of long plain

setEe, especially at the extremity, where there are six or seven of considerable length ; the

second and fourth joints are subequal and fully twice the length of the third joint, as

shown by the annexed formula : —

Anterior antenna;. 14 . 20 . 0 . 23 . 14

I 2 3 4 W

The basal joint of the posterior antennae short ; the primary branch moderately stout,

2-jomted ; the end joint about three-fourths the length of the first ; the integument of both

partly covered with fine cilia. Secondary branch rather longer than the first joint of the

primary branch, 8-jointed; all the joints small except the first, which is nearly equal to

the entire length of the next three ; the last joint of the principal branch and all the

joints of the secondary one are furnished with very long plumose setse (fig. 13).

Mandibles with a broad dentate biting part ; the principal branch of the palp is furnished

with long aculeate sette, and the small secondary branch with plumose setae (fig. 14).

FEOM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 65

The maxillte are well developed and provided witb a stout bilobed palp — one lobe

bearing long plumose, the other aculeate setae (tig. 15). Anterior foot-jaws large,

5-jointed, the first joint about twice the lengtli of the remaining portion, the three apical

joints very sliort ; the third and fourth joints bear each one, and the last thi-ee,

moderately long aculeate setae ; the anterior foot-jaws are also provided with four

marginal setiferous lobes — three on the first joint and one on the proximal end of the

second. Posterior foot-jaws smaller, 2-jointed, and bearing several stout marginal and

terminal setae ; the last joint is comparatively short (fig. 17). The last joint of the outer

branches of the first four pairs of swimming-feet are each provided with a long slender

terminal spine, very finely serrate on the outer and ciliate on the inner edge, and also

with several long plumose seta; ; the inner branches, which are shorter than the outer,

bear two long terminal setse, and a sub terminal one. In the first pair, which differ from

the others, the exterior margin of the outer branch is armed with three stout spines and a

subterminal spiniform seta, while the interior margin of the inner branch bears three

processes resembling somewhat the dilated bases of rudimentary hairs. The inner

margin of the second basal joint is also armed with several short spines (fig. IS).

Abdomen slender, 3-jointed, the middle segment scarcely half the length of either the

first or third. Caudal stylets very slender, once and a half the length of the abdomen,

bearing each four long terminal setae, and a small subterminal seta exteriorly, while a

moderately long seta springs from the outer margin and near the base of each stylet, as

shown in figure 21.

Rabitat. Lat. 1° 65' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E., 360 fathoms, tow-net gathering. Collected

during the day, January 22nd. Temperatuj-e of the water about 43° F. Lat. 4° 24' 7" S.,

long. 10 1' 8" E., in tow-net gatherings from 235 fathoms and 185 fathoms. Collected

between 11 a.m. and 3.30 p.m., February 5th. Temperature of the water at 200 fathoms

55° E. A considerable number of specimens were obtained in the first of the three

ffatherinajs. No males were observed.

This species has a close general resemblance to Corymira gracilis, Brady, and I was at

first incHued to ascribe it to that genus, but a further study of the structure of the animal

showed that there were differences between it and Qorijnura so important as to make its

position in that genus untenable (see remarks to description of genus, p. 61).

Genus Acartia, Dana.

Acartia, Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci. 1846 ; Brady, Report ' Chall/ Coi^ep. 1883.

Dias, Lilljcborg, Crust, ex. ord. trib. 1853 ; Glaus, Die freilebend. Copep. 1863 j Boeck, Oversigt Norg.

Copep. 1864 ; Brady, Monogr. Brit. Copep. 1878.

Acartia laxa, Dana.

1852. Acartia laxa, Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped. p. 1123, pi. Ixxix. figs. 5 a-c.

1883. Acartia laxa, Brady, Report ' Chall.' Copep. p. 73, pi. xxxii. figs. 1-11.

Habited. Station 2, 25 fathoms, tow-netting, January 1st (night collection). Station 9,

50 fathoms, January 10th (day collection). Ofl' Sao Thome Island (lat. 0° 38' 6" N.,

SECOND SERIES. — ZOOLOGY, VOL. VI. 9

66 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

long. 6° 25' 8" E.), 20 fathoms, January 23rd (day collection). Station 22, 20 fathoms,

February 4th (day collection). Lat. 5° 55' 1" S., long. 11° 30' 7" E., surface, Eebruary

18th (night collection), &c.

Acartia laxa was observed in 38 tow-nettings, 11 of which were surface and 27 under-

surface gatherings. The under-surface tow-nettings ranged in depth from 5 to 235 fathoms.

Eour of the surface and 19 of the under-surface gatherings were collected during the day,

while 7 surface and 8 u.nder- surface gatherings were collected during the night, as

shown in the formula : —

f 4 day collections.

11 surface \ ^ -^^^ ^^^^0.

Tow-ncttin2:s- 38 ^ , "^ .

27 under-surface \ ^^ "^^^ ^^^"0.

J- 8 night ditto.

Acartia laxa was of frequent occurrence in nearly all of the tow-nettings in which it

was observed.

AcAiiTiA DENTICORNIS, Brady.

1883. Acartia denticornis, Brady, op. cit. j). 73, pi. xsxi. fig. 1, pi. xxxii. figs. 12-17.

Habitat. Lagoon, Sao Thome Island, surface tow-netting, January 27th (night col-

lection). Libreville, Gaboon River, surface, January 28th (day collection). Lat. 4° 40'

S., long. 10° 25' 2" E., surface, Eebruary 5th (night collection). Bananah Creek, Congo

Ptiver, surface, Eebruary 7th (day collection). Loanda Harbour, surface, Eebruary 13tli

(day collection).

The distribution of Acat'tia denticornis within the area dealt with in this Report appears

to have been more restricted than Acartia laxa ; it was also more confined to inshore and

surface gatherings than was that species. It is interesting to note that this apparent

preference of A. denticornis for localities more or less inshore is borne out to some extent

by the ' Challenger ' records, where the following statement occurs (loc. cit. p. 74) : —

" Abundant in Hilo Harbour, Sandwich Islands (August 1875) ; one or two specimens

noted in a gathering from the Philippine Islands and (?) in the Atlantic, north of Tristan

d'Acunha."

Acartia denticornis was obtained in 14 of the ' Buccaneer ' tow-nettings — all of them

surface gatherings. Eight of the tow-nettings were day and 6 were night collections.

The specific gravity of the water in which it occurred varied from 1*0255 to 1-0087.

ACABTIA PLUMOSA, u. sp. (PI. VII. figs. 22-32.)

Length 1'2 mm. Body elongate-ovate, somewhat rounded in front; the rounded

postero- lateral angles of the last thoracic segment bear a number of small spines.

Anterior antennae about as long as the cephalothorax, those of the female 20-jointed and

furnished witli numerous plumose setae ; the annexed formula shows the proportional

lengths of the joints ; —

18 ■ 11 . lU ■ U . 12 . 8 . 8 ■ 5 . 13 . 11 . 15 ■ 15 . 1.5 ■ ]2 . 14 ■ 15 ■ 10 ■ 18 ■ 10 ■ 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 y 10 11 12 13 14 15 It) 17 18 19 2o'

FROM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 67

The male right antenna is 17-joiute(l ; the 11th, 12th, and 13th appear to be each

composed of two coalesced joints, indistinctly hinged between the 12th and 13th joints, both

of which are ciliate on the upper margin. On the proximal side of the hinge there is

one and on the distal side three short stout spines, as shown in fig. 8. Posterior antennae

and mouth-organs as in Faracartia spinicaiidata. The length of the joints of the inner

branches of the first pair of swimming-feet is about equal, while the first joint of the

outer branch is mvich stouter and once and a half the length of the next. The

inner branch of the fourth pair is slender, the first joint of which reaches nearly to the

middle of the second joint of the outer branch; the last joint of the outer branch is

much smaller than either of the other two joints ; the terminal spines are long and slender

(fig. 27). The fifth pair in the female are each furnished with two long setae, one of

which is submarginal and plumose and one apical ; the basal part of the plain apical seta

is considerably dilated and gibbous (figs. 29, 30). The right fifth foot in the male is

much longer than the other, and the penultimate joint, which is shorter than either the

preceding or following joints, is produced interiorly into an elongate protuberance ; the

last joint of the left foot is armed with a large spine on its inner aspect ; each foot termi-

nates in a short stout spine, and the first joint of both is furnished with a long plum se

seta on the outer margin (fig. 30). In the abdomen of the female the first segment is

about once and a half the length of the next and fully twice the length of the last

segment ; the first and second segments are sparingly dentate on the posterior margin

(tig. 31). Caudal stylets longer than the last, and nearly as long as the penultimate,

abdominal segment ; caudal setae as in Acartia Clausi. The first segment in the male

abdomen is considerably narrower than those that follow. The caudal stylets are about

three-fourths the length of those of the female and not longer than the last abdominal

segment, and furnished with setae as in the female (fig. 32).

Habitat. Bananah Creek, Congo River, in a surface gathering collected at noon,

Eebi'uary 7th; the specific gravity of the water when the gathering was made was

1"00870 ; and in Loanda Harbour, in two surface gatherings collected in the seaward part

of the Harbour during the afternoon of the loth February. The surface temperature

of the water was about 79° P.

Acartia plumosa somewhat resembles Acartia discandata (Giesb.), especially in the

male right anterior antennae and fifth pair of feet, which are quite prominent in adult

specimens.

Acartia Clausi, Giesbrecht. (PL VII. figs. 33-40.)

1889. Acartia Clausi, Giesbreclit, Rendicouti R. Accad. d. Liucei, vol. v. fasc. 11.

1892. Acartia gahoonensis, Scott (MS. name).

Length fully 1 mm. Viewed doi'sally the body is oblong-ovate, the forehead is broadly

triangular, almost truncate, with the lateral angles somewhat produced ; the last thoracic

segment has the postero-lateral angles rounded. Anterior antennae nearly as long as the

thorax, those of the female, which are 21-jointed, are sparingly setiferous, except towards

the extremity, where the last five joints bear moderately long plumose setae ; a plumose seta

9*

68 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTRACA

also springs from the 8th and 12th joints, counting from the end. The proportional

lengths of the joints are nearly as shown in the formula: —

34 ■ 8 . 10 . G ■ 11 . 16 . 14 . 15 . 15 . 13 ■ 11 . 16 . 15 ■ 18 . 15 ■ 15 . 17 . 9 ■ 16 ■ 10 . 6

12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21'

The jointing of the proximal half of the antennae was somewhat indistinct and required

a high power of the microscope and careful focussing to make out the articulations.

The right anterior antenna of the male is 15-jointed, and hinged between the 11th and

12th joints; both of these joints are fringed with small teeth on the upper margin, while

a moderately stout spine springs from the jiroximal end of the 12th joint (fig. 35) ; the

male antennoe are sliorter than those of the female, and are provided with a greater

number of plumose setse. The posterior antennae and mouth-organs resemble those of

Paracartia spiiiicaudata. The first four pairs of swimming-feet also resemble those of that

species. The fifth pair in the female have the apex subtriangular and are each furnished

interiorly with an elongate stout spine, serrate on the inner margin of the distal half

and exteriorly with a long plumose seta (fig. 31). In the male the fifth pair are com-

paratively short and stout, as in Acartia denticornis, Brady ; the proximal joint of each

is furnished on the exterior margin with a long plumose seta (fig. 38). Abdomen in the

female short, stout, and composed of three segments ; the first is longer than both the

other two together, the second is about equal in length to the third ; the posterior margin

of the first and second joints is fringed with small teeth. The caudal stylets are some-

what longer than the last abdominal segment, and are each provided with six plumose

setfB arranged as follows : — one, strongly curved, near the middle of the exterior margin ;

one subterminal ; three terminal, tlie middle one being much longer than any of the

others ; and one (small) on the lower half and near the inner margin of the stylet. The

abdomen in the male is composed of five segments ; the first is rather narrower than the

next, and the penultimate one is very short. The stylets are shorter than those of the

female, but the number and arrangement of the plumose sette are similar (fig. 34).

Habitat. Lil^reville, Gaboon River, in a surface gathering collected at midday, January

28th. The surface temperature of the water was 83°'l P., and the specific gravity 1'02301.

This Acartia resembles Acartia denticornis, Brady, in several of its characters, but

differs in some important points, especially in the armature and proportional length of

the joints of the male right anterior antenna and in the form of the male and female

fifth feet and abdomen.

Subgenus Paracartia, n. subgen.

Near Acartia, Dana, but differing very markedly in the form of the fifth pair of feet,

wliich in the female are each armed with a stout curved spine ; in the male the fifth pair

are large and unsymmetrical, that of the left side being about half the length of the

right ; the male right antenna has also the joints of the proximal half somewhat tumid,

as in Pontella.

FEOM THE GULF OF GULS'EA. 69

PaRACARTIA SPINICAUDATA, 11. sp. (PL VIII. figs. 1-11.)

Female. Length 1-25 mm. Ceplialotborax elongate, rather tumid, rounded in front,

the postero-lateral angles of the last thoracic segment acute. Anterior antenna as long

as the cephalothorax, 20-jointed, and hearing a number of long plumose setaj distrilnited

as follows— one on each of the 2nd, 3ixl, 1th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 13th, 15th, IGth, and 18th

joints, two (one smaller than the other) on the 19th, and five on the last joint. The

7th joint is about as long as all the preceding three together ; the 12th and last joints

are shorter than the others. The proportional lengths of the joints are nearly as in the

annexed formula : —

30 . 16 ■ 9 . 13 . 11 . 9 . 30 ■ 15 . 10 . 15 . 15 . 12 . 6 . 14 ■ 12 . 16 . 13 ■ 15 ■ U ■ 7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20"

Posterior antennae, mouth-organs, and first four pairs of swimming-feet as in Acartia

luxa, except that the last joint of the outer branch of the first swimming-feet has the

lower exterior surface setose. Pifth pair of feet small, 1-branched, the basal part

short and tumid and furnished Avith a stout curved spine, the distal half of which is

strongly toothed on both margins ; exteriorly and close to the spine and about a third of

its length is a small plain seta ; the right and left branches are alike. Abdomen short,

3-jointed ; tlie first segment is somewhat triangular in form and has the distal end

fully twice the breadth of tlie next segment ; it is also longer than both the second and

last segments together. Caudal stylets short and broad, rather longer than the last

abdominal segment, each stylet armed with a prominent and strong terminal spine and

two setae, one on each side of the spine ; there are also two setse on the exterior margin

of the stylets, and a third, Avith a distinct basal part, a little above the inner of the two

terminal setae. The terminal spines, which are about double the length of the stylets,

and all the setae, except the one last described, are plumose.

Rubltat. Eananah Creek, Congo Eiver, in one surface tow-nettiug collected at noon

and in another collected at 4.30 p.m. February 7th, 1886. Several specimens, all females,

were obtained in these two tow-nettings.

The more obvious characters which serve to distinguish this species are the fifth

feet and the peculiar form of the abdomen.

Pakacautia dubia, n. sp. (PL VII. tigs. 41, 42 ; PL VIII. figs. 12-15.)

Male. Length about 1-2 mm. Body elongate, broadly subtriangular in front, and

rounded posteriorly, composed of five segments ; head indistinctly separated from the

thorax. Anterior antennae about as long as the body, that of the left side provided with

a number of moderately long setae, 20-jointed, the proportional lengths of the joints being

nearly as shown in the formula : —

16 ■ 14 ■ 6 ■ 5 ■ 5 . 8 . 10 . 10 . 12 . 11 ■ 9 ■ 20 ■ 20 . 15 . 12 . 16 . 11 . 18 . 10 . 8

~1 2" 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18^ 19 20"

The proximal half of the right antenna, which bears several long plumose hairs,

has the lower portion somewhat dilated ; there is a hinged articulation between the fifth

70 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

and sixth joints, counting from the end. The sixth joint, which is nearly as long as the

remaining' portion of the antenna, has a rounded excavation on the upper edge and near

the proximal end; the lower side of the excavation is produced into a stout tooth-like

lobe ; the fifth joint, still counting from the end of the antenna, is about half the length

of tlie preceding, and bears a styloid process on its upper margin and a long plumose

seta at the upper distal angle ; the ultimate and penultimate joints are also furnished

Avith a number of long plumose setae (PI. VII. fig. 42). The posterior antennae and

mouth-organs as in Paracartia spinicaudata. The first four pairs of swimming-feet

similar to those of Acartia. The fifth pair is largely develojied, that of the right side

large, 4-jointed, the first and second joints stout, the other two slender, elongate; the

fourth joint appears as if it were articulated to the side of the third. There is a stout

digitiform process on the inner side of the upper half of the second joint, and near the

middle of the third joint the outer margin is produced into a bluntly triangular lobe ; the

last joint bears an apical appendage, the basal part of which is tumid, the extremity

slender and setiform. The right foot has an inner rudimentary second branch composed

of one joint about equal in length to the first joint of the outer branch. The left foot,

which is stout, scarcely reaches to the middle of the second joint of the principal branch

of the right foot, and appears to be 3-jointed ; the second joint is furnished with a

membraneous, curved (?) sexual process, as shown in figure 9. Abdomen composed of five

segments, the first short, of greater width than the next, the outline of the sides rounded

(PL VIII. fig. 15) ; the second and third joints are long, while the combined length of

the fourth and fifth is scarcely equal to the third. The stylets are somewhat longer

than the last abdominal segment, and have the third apical seta, counting from the

outside, considerably longer than any of the others.

Habitat. Loan da Harbour, in material collected with surface tow-net, on the afternoon

of Pebruary 15th. Several specimens, males only, were obtained.

As females only of Paracartia spinicaudata, and males only of P. dubia, were obtained

in the tow-net gathering from Loanda Harbour, it is just possible that they may both

belong to the same species, but the difference between the two is so considerable and so

marked that it seems better, for the present at least, to describe them under separate

names.

A species described and figured by I. C. Thompson in the ' Proceedings of the

Liverpool Biological Society,' vol. ii. p. Ill (1888), as Acartia verrucosa, resembles

somewhat the Paracartia spinicaudata of this Report ; but the difference in the form of

the fifth feet and in other important details is great enough to render them at least

specifically distinct.

Genus iEiiDius, Brady.

Aitidtus, Brady, Report ou the Copepoda of the ' Challenger' Expedition, 1883.

J^TiDius AiiMATUS, Brady.

1883. ALitdhis armatus, Brady, Report ' Chall.-" Copep. p. 7G, pi. x. figs. 5-16.

Habitat. Station 2, 5 fathoms tow-netting, January 1st (night collection). Lat. 3° 58'

FEOM THE GTJLF OF GUINEA. 71

N., long. 3° 42' W., 50 fathoms, January 13tli (day collection). Lat. 3° 55' 3" N., long.

4° 7' 3" E., 30 fathoms, January 20th (day collection). Off Sao Thome Island (lat. 0" 34"

N., long. 6'' 31' 6" E.), 20 fatlioms, January 23rd (day collection). Station 3, 135 fathoms,

Fehruary 5th (day collection).

JEtidius armatus occurred in 19 toAV-nettings, all of which -were under-surface col-

lections and ranged in depth from 5 to 460 fathoms ; 2 of the tow-nettings were collected

during the night, the other 17 were day collections. With one exception, all the

tow-nettings were from 20 fathoms or more, and eleven of them from 50 fathoms and

over. The difference between the bathymetrical distribution of this species and of Acartia

denticornis is very marked, the Acartia having been observed only in surface gatherings.

The distribution of ^tidius was nearly coextensive with the area examined, aud

in some of the tow-nettings it was of comparatively frequent occurrence. The strong

curved rostrum, and the sj)inous and strongly produced lateral angles of the last

thoracic segment, are so conspicuoiis as to make the species readily distinguished from

other Copepoda. It was obtained at five of the ' Challenger ' stations, one of which

(Station 348, lat. 3 10' N., long. 14 51' W.) was in the vicinity of the area traversed by

the ' Buccaneer.'

iETiDius ARMiGER (Gicsbrecht). (PI. VIII. figs. 16-27.)

1892. Gaetanm armiger, Giesbrecht, Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel (Copepoden), p. 224,

pi. xiv. figs. 19, 20, 22, 26, 28, pi. xxxvi. figs. 2, 6.

Female. Length, exclusive of tail-setae, 2*6 mm. (about 1-lOtli of an inch). The male is

rather smaller than the female. Body robust, composed of four segments, the first

segment more than twice the entire length of the other three, rounded anterioi-ly and

furnished with a prominent sharp-pointed rostriim. The postero-lateral angles of the

last thoracic segment are produced backward into spiniform processes as long as the

first abdominal segment. Anterior antennae reaching to the extremity of the abdomen,

alike in both sexes, and composed of 24 joints, which are sparingly setiferous ; the

prof brtional lengths of the joints nearly as in the formula : —

!) ■ (i ■ 3 ■ 3 ■ 3 ■ 3 ■ 4 ■ 0 ■ .3 ■ .3 . 4 ■ 6 ■ .5 ■ 6 . 7 ■ 7 ■ T ■ t) ■ 8 ■ 7 . 8 ■ 8 . 7 . 3

1 1' 3 4 5 (i 7 8 'J 10 11 12 13 14 1-5 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24'

The basal joint of the posterior antennte wants the three setae shown in Brady's figure

of u'Etidiiis armatus ; the first joint of the secondary branch is small, the second larger,

the third, fourth, and fifth small and bearing each a long plumose seta ; the sixth joint

is fully one third the length of the whole branch, and furnished with one plain and three

long plumose terminal setae. Mandibles and maxillae as in ^E. armatus ; one of the two,

small intermediate digits of the maxilla-palp terminates in a spiniform plumose seta.

Foot-jaws also similar to those of ^TJtidius armatus, except that the two outer marginal

lobes of the anterior foot-jaw terminate each in a stout elongate spine, ciliate on the

inner edge ; and the inner distal angle of the basal joint of the second foot-jaw forms a

blunt, rounded process, the end of wliich is ciliate and bears a few setae (fig. 22). The

72 MR. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTRACA

lirst four pairs of swimming-feet resemble those of ^tidius armatus, except that the

second joint of the inner branch of the second pair is shorter than the other. Fifth pair

in the male small, each composed of a basal joint and two 1-jointed branches ; the outer

branch is comparatively large and bears two small unequal teeth at the extremity ; the

inner branch is small and rudimentary, with a rounded end. Abdomen in both sexes

composed of five (?) segments, the last segment very small, the other segments in the male

al)domen subequal ; in that of the female the first segment is large and tumid, the

second smaller, while the third and fourth are about equal and smaller than the second.

Caudal stylets short and broad, and furnished with four long and two very small

terminal plumose setse.

HaUtat. Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. h° 55' 5" E., 360 and 460 fathoms, January 22nd

(day collection). Station 23, 135 fathoms, February 5th (day collection), ^tkl'ms

armiger, of which only two or three specimens have been obtained, is quite distinct

from ^. armatus, being readily distinguished by the difference in the form of the male

fifth feet, and by the peculiar spiny armature of the forehead and last thoracic segment.

Genus Clausocalanus, Giesbrecht, 1888.

Drepanopus, Brady (in part).

Clausocalanus fukcatus (Brady).

1883. Drepanopus furcatus, Brady, Report of the ' Challenger ' Copepoda, p. 77, pi. iv. figs. 1 & .2 ;

pi. xxiv. figs. 12-15.

1892. Clausocalanus furcatus, Giesbrecht, Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel (Copepodeu) ,

p. 194, pi. xxxvi. figs. 32, 33, 35.

Hahltat. Station 2, 25 fathoms (night collection), January 1st. Lat. 3° 58' N., long.

3° 42' W., 25 fathoms (day collection), January 13th. Off Sao Thome Island (lat.

O'^ 34' N., long. 6" 30' 4" E.), 10 fathoms, January 23rd (day collection). Station 23,

10 fathoms, February 5th (day collection). Lat. 6° 39' 5" S., long. 11° 24' 7" E.. surface,

February 8th (night collection), &c.

This species occurred in 20 tow-nettings, 3 of which were surface and 17 under-surface

gatherings. The under-surface gatherings were from various depths ranging from 2^ to

50 fathoms. The 3 surface tow-nettings were night collections ; 11 of the under-

surface were day and 0 were night collections, as shown by the formula : —

rno day collections.

..• onf ^'^'"^^^^ I 3 night ditto.

Tow-nettmgs 20< ^„ , "^ ,.,

1 17 under-surface Pl ^^^y ^1^*^.

L 6 nisht ditto.

Clausocalanus latipes, n. sp. (Provisional name.) (PL VIII. figs. 28-37.)

Female. Anterior antennse long and slender, provided with a very few short setae and

FEOM THE GITLF OF GUINEA. 73

composed of 23 joints, the proportional lengths of the joints being nearly as shown in

the formula : —

3.5.2.2.2.2.2.4.2.2.3.3.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.5.6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 iTTS 19 20 21 22 23'

The posterior antennae nearly as in Drepaiwjms pectinalas. Mandibles well developed,

strongly dentiferous on the biting-edge, and furnished with a large two-branched palp

one branch being 2-, the other '1-jointed (fig. 29). Anterior foot-jaws 4-jointed, the last

two very small; marginal lobes six, tive of tliem large, each with two (or three) plumose

terminal setae; the other small, forming the base of a single plain seta; three plain

sette spring from the last joint of this foot-jaw. The posterior foot-jaws are 7-jointed ;

the first and second joints are large, subequal, and longer than the entire length of the

next three ; the third to the last joints are small and furnished with a few plumose hairs

(fig. 31). First pair of swimming-feet similar to those of Drepanopus pect'matits, but

there are longer spines on the outer distal angles of the first two joints of the outer

branch, and the inner distal angle of the second basal joint tei'minates in a short spine

instead of a plumose hair. The three following pairs are also similar to Drepanopvs

pectinatus, except that the distal margin of the second basal joint is strongly denticulated

in the second pair, and in the third 2iair is furnished with a few large spiuiform teeth ; the

tei'minal spines of the outer branches are long and broad, and finely serrate on the outer

margin. The fifth pair are robust, simple, and composed of two 2-jointed branches of

unequal length ; in the short branch the last joint is much smaller than the other and

terminates in three conical tooth-like prolongations ; in the other branch, which is at

least twice the length of the short one, the last joint is rather longer than the first, and

bears a small spine near the middle of the outer margin and three spiniform teeth at the

extremity (fig. 35). The abdomen is composed of four segments, the first longer tlian

the others, the next two subequal, the last small. Caudal stylets about as long as the

last abdominal segment and bearing four plumose terminal hairs.

Habitat. Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E., 35 fathoms.

One specimen only of this species has been obtained ; it appears to be a female. While

agreeing with Drepanopxis in its more important details of structure, Clausocalanus

latipos differs from both the species described in the Report on the ' Challenger '

Copepoda, especially in the number and proportional length of the joints of the anterior

antennae autl in the form of the fifth feet. It agrees in some respects with Clausocalanus

furcatus, Brady, but in that species, the inner branches of the second pair of swimming-

feet are 1-jointed, the fifth pair and the anterior antennae also differ cousideraljly, so

that for the present it seems better to consider the species as distinct.

Clausocalanus aecuicornis (Dana). (PI. VIII. figs. 38-47.)

1849. Calanus arcnicornis, Dana, Amer. Journ. Sc. vol. viii.

1892. ClauavcaJa litis arcuicornis, Giesbrecht, op. cit. p. 193, pis. ], 2, 10, 3G.

Length, not including tail-setae, 1-3 mm. Body elongate, composed of five segments,

SECOKD SEIUES. — ZOOLOGY, VOL. VI. 10

74 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

the first nearly tAvice t)ie entire length of the other four. Porehead rovinded, produced

into a sniall, sharp-pointed rostrum. Anterior antennre slender, as long as the cephalo-

thorax, 20-jointed, and sparingly setiferous, the proportional lengths of the joints as in

the formula : —

34 . 4. 4. 4. 4. 3.3. 4.4.4. 4. 10 . 16 . 10 . 12 . 12 . 18 . 15 . 18 . 22

"T 2 3 4 5 0 7 « 0 10 11 12 13 14 1-5 16 17 18 19 20'

The first joint is stout and long, and the second considerahly broader than those

immediately following. The primary branch of the posterior anteunfe is short and

2-jointed ; the secondary branch is fully twice the length of the other, and composed of

six joints ; the second joint is long and about equal to the entire length of the next four ;

the third, fourth, and fifth joints are very small (fig. 39). Mandible-palp small, one

branch is 4-, the other 2-jointcd (fig. 40). Maxillte nearly as in Brepanoiyus j^ectiiuctiis.

Anterior foot-jaw very small, with four (or five) marginal setiferous lobes. Posterior

foot-jaw small, 7-jointed, and bearing a few spinous setoe ; the first and second joints are

elongate, the third short, the fourth about twice the length of the third, the fifth about

equal to the third and as long as the next two together (fig. 44). The first four pairs of

swimming-feet resemble those of Drepanopus pectinatns, except that the first two joints

of the outer branch of the first pair have no spines on the exterior distal angles. The

fifth pair are simple and consist of one very short 2-jointed In'anch, and one which is long

and 4-jointed ; the last joint of the short branch is very small and terminates in three

small spines ; the extremity of the long branch terminates on one side in a digitiform

lobe, which is opposed by a finger-like process, articulated to the l)asal part of the lobe ;

both are fringed wdth fine cilia (fig. 45). Abdomen 5-jointed, the last segment very

small. Caudal stylets short, length about equal to the breadth, each furnished with

four plumose terminal seta?.

Habitat. Station 2, 50 fathoms, January 1st (night collection). Station 9, 50 fathoms,

January 10th (day collection). Lat. 3^ 58' N., long. 3° 42' W., 25 and 50 fathoms,

January 13th (day collection). Off Accra, 3 fathoms, January 16th (night collection).

Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E., 3C0 fathoms, January 22nd (day collection). Off

Sao Thome Island, 20 fathoms, January 23rd (day collection).

Males only of this species were obtained.

Genus Phylloptjs, Brady.

Phyllopus, Bi-ady, Report on the Copep. of tlie Chall. Exp. 1883.

Phylloptjs bidentatus, Brady. (PL \1. figs. 26-28.)

1883. P/tyllopus bkkntatus, Brady, Report Cluill. Copep. p. 78, pi. v. figs. 7-14.

Habitat. Station 2, 5 fathoms, January 1st (night collection). Lat. 1° 55' 5" N.,

long. 6° 55' 5" E., 360 fathoms, January 22ud (day collection). Temperature of water

at 360 fathoms about 43' E.

Three specimens only of this curious form were obtained, and they were all more or

FEOM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 75

less damaged ; two of them were carefully dissected, from tliese dissections figures have

been prejiared of a few of the more important details, not represented in the ' Challenger '

Report. I have also been enabled to add tlie following description : — Secondary branch

of the anterior antennfe nearly twice the length of the primary branch, 8-jointed, the

last nearly as long as the preceding six joints, and furnished with four terminal hairs.

Both branches of the first four pairs of swimming-feet 3-jointed, the middle joint of the

outer branch of the first pair shortest, bearing a comparatively long, slightly curved,

setiferous spine on the exterior distal angle ; the last joint has two shorter and more

slender spines on its outer margin, and a long slender terminal spine, both branches

furnished with numerous, long, plumose setse. In the second, tiiird, and fourth pairs

the inner are much shorter than the outer branches ; the three joints of the outer

branches are each armed with a stout dagger-like spine at tlie outer distal angles ; the

last joint has two similar additional spines inserted in excavations of the outer margin,

and a broad falciform terminal spine, finely serrate on the outer margin ; both branches

are well furnished with plumose seta3. The fifth pair in the female resemble the figured

example in the ' Challenger ' Report, but theii* form seems to vary somewhat in different

specimens, both as regards the serration of the last joint, and also the comparative length

and breadth of the joints. Abdomen in the female 4-jointed, first joint much larger

than the others and dilated. Caudal stylets short, not divergent, each with five long,

plumose terminal sette, the second from the inside longer than the others.

The mouth is a short tube ; the front part projects outward and backward so as to

form an oblique opening. The edge of the upper part of the tube has a dense fringe of

hairs, which can be readily observed if tlie specimen be in a favourable position.

Judging from a careful examination of the ' Buccaneer ' specimens, I am inclined to

think that the figures in the ' Challenger ' R-eport represent a female instead of a

male.

Genus Temora, Baird.

Temora, Baird, Brit. Entomostraca, 1850.

Diaptoinus, Lubbock, Trans. Eutoin. Soc. 1856.

Temora stylifeka (Dana).

1849. Calanus stylifer, Dana, Amer. Joiu"n. Sci. vol. viii.

185G. D'utptomus dubius, Lubbock, Trans. Entom. Soc. vol. iv. n. s. p. 21, pi. ii. figs. 1-7.

1883. Temora dubia, Brady, Report Cliall. Copep. p. 79, pi. xxv. figs. 1-17.

Kahitat. Station 2, surface and 25 fathoms, January 1st (night collections). Station 9,

25 fathoms, January 10th (day collection). Station 11, 10 fathoms, January 19th

(day collection). Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E., 360 fathoms, January 22nd

(day collection). Lagoon, Sao Thome Island, surface, January 27th (one day and one

night collection). Libreville, Gaboon River, surface, January 28th (day collection).

Station 23, 10, 20, 135, and 185 fathoms, Pebruary 5th (day collections). Bananah

10*

76 MR. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

Creek, Congo Pviver, surface, February 7th (two day collections). Lat. S'' 55' 1" S.,

long. 11° 30' 7" E., February 18th (night collection).

Temora stylifera was observed in 105 tow-nettings, 61 of them surface and 4-1 under-

surface gatherings : of the surface gatherings 25 were collected during the day and

36 during the night ; of the under-surface gatherings, which ranged in depth from 2 to

360 fathoms, 37 were collected during the day and 7 during the night, as shown by the

annexed formula : —

r 25 day collections.

... . n- r^^ '"'^''''^ 1 36 night ditto.

Tow-nettmgs 10o{ r^n a v,,

1 44 under-surface (37 day ditto.

1. 7 night ditto.

This was one of the more common and generally distributed species in the ' Buccaneer '

collection ; it also appears to be one of the most common of the extra-European

Copepoda.

Temora longicornis (Muller). (PI. VII. fig. 47.)

1785 ?. Cyclops longicornis, Muller, Eiitom. p. 115, t. xix. figs. 7-9.

1850. Temora finmarchica, Baird, Brit. Eiitom. p. 228, pi. xxviii. figs. 1 a-g.

1849?. Calanus turbinatus, Dana, Amer. Journ. Sc. vol. viii.

1857. I>iaptomus longicaudatus, Lubbock, Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, vol. xx. pi. x. figs. 11, 12;

pi. xi. figs. 12, 13.

1878. Temora longicornis, Brady, Monogr. Brit. Copep. vol. i. p. 54, pi. iii. figs. 10-19.

Bahitat. Lat. 7° 33' N., long. 15° IS' W., surface, midnight, January 2nd. Station 9,

50 fathoms, January 10th (day collection). Off Accra, 3 fathoms, January 15th

(night collection). Same locality, January 16th, surface, night collection, and 3 fathoms,

day collection. Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E., 35 and 460 fathoms, January 22nd

(day collections). Libreville, Gaboon lliver, surface, January 28th (day collection).

Bananah Creek, Congo River, surface, February 6th (day collection). Loanda Harbour,

surface, February 13th (day collection), and again on the 15th in the seaward part of the

Harbour, also surface (day collection). Lat. 5° 40' 8" S., long. 11° 33' 4" E., surface,

February 19th, &c. (day collection).

This Temora was observed in 57 tow-nettings, 40 of which were surface and 17 under-

surface gatherings ; 16 of the surface gatherings and 12 of the under-surface were day

collections, while 24 surface and 5 under-surface were night collections, as shown by

the formula : —

r 16 day collections.

,,. ^ rlOs^ii-foce 1 24 night ditto.

Tow-nettmgs 57 < ^ , ,.

b7 under-surface (12 day ditto.

I 5 night ditto.

The under-surface tow-nettings were from depths ranging from 3 to 50 fathoms, and

one from 135 and another from 460 fathoms.

Temora longicornis was not only generally distributed throughout the area examined,

FEOM THE GULP OF GUINEA. 77

but was a moderately common sjiecics in some of the tow-nettings in which it occui-red.

This species is readily distinguished from either Temora slylifera (Dana) or Temora

armata, Claus, by having the last thoracic segment in both sexes rounded at the

postero-lateral angles. The first pair of swimming-feet have the inner branches more

or less distinctly 2-jointed. The male fifth pair (fig. 1-7) differ somewhat from the same

pair of feet in British specimens, but otherwise the ' Buccaneer ' specimens agree with

those of the British seas.

Genus Centropages, Kroyer.

Centropaijes, Kroyer, Nat. Tidskr. 1849 ; Boeck, Oversigt Norges Copep. 18G4 ; Brady, Monogr. Brit.

Copep. 1878.

Caiopia, Dana, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. 1819.

Calano/iid, id. (in part) Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped. IS.oS.

Ichthyophorba, Lilljeborg, De Crust, ex. ord. trib. 1853; Claus, Die freilcbendcn Copepoden, 1803.

Centropages epvAchiatus (Dana).

1852. Calanopia brachiutu, Daua, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped. p. 1133, pi. Ixxix. figs. 7 a,h.

1883. Centropages brachiatiis, Brady, Report Cliall. Copep. p. 82, pi. xxvi. figs. 1-7.

KaUtat. Lat. 7° 33' N., long. 15° 18' W., surface, January 2nd (midnight collection).

Lat. 5° 10' N., long. 2," 5C' 2" AY., surface (close inshore), January 12th (night collection).

Station 21, surface, February 4th (day collection). Station 23, 20 fathoms, February 5th

(day collection). Bananah Creek, Congo Ptiver, surface, February 7th (two day collec-

tions). Loauda Harbour, surface, February 13th (day collection).

Centropucjes brachiatus was observed in 37 tow-nettings, comprising 28 surface and

9 under-surface gatherings. The under-surface tow-nettings included two at 3 fathoms,

two at 10 fathoms, one at 20 fathoms, two at 25 fathoms, and two at 50 fathoms.

14 of the surface and G of the under-surface gatherings were day collections, while 14

surface and 3 under-surface were night collections, as shown by the formula : —

r 14 dav collections.

..• ^.r-8«"^"^^«^ 1 14 night ditto.

Tow-nettmgs 3/< "l ^. ^ '^ ^.^^

l 9 under-surface I & clay ditto.

I 3 night ditto.

This, thotigh occurring in a considerable number of tow-ncttings, was by no means a

common species. The size of the ' Buccaneer ' specimens agreed with those of the

'Challenger' collections, viz. 8-lOOths of an inch=about 2 mm. (not 4-4 mm. as stated

in the ' Challenger ' Report).

Centropages fifrcatus (Dana).

1852. Catopid furcata, Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped. p. J 173, pi. Ixxix. figs. 1 a-d.

1883. Centropages fur catus, Brady, Report Cliall. Copep. p. 83, pi. xxviii. figs. 1-11.

Bubltat. Lat. 7° 33' N., long. 15° 18' W., surface, January 2nd (midnight collection).

Lat. 5° 10' X., long. 3° 56' 2" AV., surface (close inshore), January 12th (night collection).

78 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 6° 56' 5" E., 10 and 30 fathoms, January 22ncl (day collections).

Libreville, Gaboon River, surface, January 28th (two day collections). Lat. 5° 5G' 5" S.,

long. 11° 17' 2" E., surface, Eebruary 8tli (night collection). Loanda Harbour (seaward),

surface, Eebruary 1-Jth, &c. (day collection).

This Centropages was observed in 49 tow-nettings, 33 of whicli were surface and 16

under-surfaee gatherings ; 11 of the surface and 11 of the under-surface tow-nettings

were day collections, and 22 surface and 5 under-surface were night collections, as shown

by the annexed formula : —

11 day collections.

I

122

T H- ,^ r^^ ^^^^'^^^^ 1 22 night ditto,

low-nettings 19 < «. &

Lie under-surface | ^^ ^^y ditto.

(. 5 night ditto.

The under-surface tow-nettings were from depths ranging from 3 to 50 fathoms. This

species can be readily distiuguished, even in the immature stages, by the characteristic

ai'mature of the last thoracic segment.

Centropages violacetjs (Claus).

1863. Ichthi/ophorba violacea, Claus, Die freilebenden Copep. p. 199, pi. xxxi. figs. 13, 14.

1883. Centropages violaceus, Brady, Report Cliall. Copep. p. 83, pi. xxvii. figs. 1-14.

Habitat. Station 2, 50 fathoms, January 1st (night collection). Station 9, 25 fathoms,

January 10th (day collection). Off Sao Thome Island (lat. 0° 32' 7" N., long. 6° 31' 6" E.),

10 fathoms, January 23rd (day collection). Lat. 1^ 47' 7" S., long. 8° 21' 3" E., surface,

Eebruary 4tli, &c. (night collection).

Centropages violaceus was obtained in 11 tow-nettings, one of which was a surface

(night) gathei'ing, and the other 10 under-surface gatherings ; G of the under-surface

gatherings were day, and 4 were night collections, as shown by the formula : —

r 0 day collection.

r 1 surface 1 i uight ditto.

Tow-nettmgsll<^ r ^ n n r

1 10 under-surface/^ 'W collections.

I 4 night ditto.

Eour of the under-surface gatherings were from 10 fathoms, two from 15 fathoms,

one from 20 fathoms, two from 25 fathoms, and one from 50 fathoms.

This Centropages was much rarer in the ' Buccaneer ' collections than the other

two species recorded in the ' Challenger ' collection. On the other hand, it was the more

common of the three species of Centropages observed by Dr. Brady. Centropages

violaceus differs from the other two species in having the postero-lateral angles of the

last thoracic segment rounded oflP instead of being produced into spinous processes. No

indication of colour could be detected in the ' Buccaneer ' sijecimens. Tliis was probably

due to their long immersion in spirit, which had extracted the colour characteristic of

the species.

FROM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 79

Genus Temokopia, n. gen. (Provisional name.)

Anterior antennae ? 22- or ? 23-jointed ; the right antenna of the male 19-joiuted,

hinged between the 15th and 16th joints. Posterior antenn!3e and mouth-organs as in

Calanus. Inner branch of the first pair of swimming-feet 2-jointed, of the second, third,

and fourth pairs 3-jointed. Pifth pair in the female simple, alike on both sides, and

each composed of a single 3-jointed branch ; in the male the fifth pair, which are

prehensile, and each composed of a single branch, are large and conspicuous. The

female abdomen consists of four and the male of live segments ; the first segment in the

female is considerably dilated.

Temoropia mayumbaensis, n. sp. (PL VIII. figs. 18, 49 ; PL IX. figs. 1-12.)

Length '93 mm. Body elongate-ovate, composed of five segments ; the first segment,

which is about as long as the combined length of the next three, is indistinctly articu-

lated at the upper half. Porehead broadly triangular. Anterior antennae of the female

? 22- or ? 23-jointed.* The right anterior antenna of the male scarcely reaches to the

end of the thorax, is sparingly setiferous, and 19-jointed, constricted between the 11th

and 12th, and hinged between the 15th and 16th joints ; the proportional length.s of the

joints as in the formula : —

Male : 30 . 10 . 8 . 8 . 9 . 6 . 7 ■ 8 . fl . 9 . 14 . 27 . 11 . 12 . 27 . 28 . 17 . 15 . 22

Eight anterior antenna. ^ 2 3 4 5 0 7 8 9 10 11 11' 13 14 15 10 17 18 19 '

Posterior antennae and mouth-organs as in Calanus. The inner branches 6f the first

pair of swimming- feet are 2-joiuted ; the inner branches of the second, third, and fourth

pairs 3-jointed ; the first joint is short, while the last is equal to the combined length of

the preceding two joints. Pifth pair of feet in the female simple, each composed of a

single 8-joiuted branch, one branch being rather longer than tlie other ; the first joint

in both is somewhat dilated ; the inner distal angle of the second joint is furnished

with a spiniforra seta nearly as long as the last joint ; the last joint has a conical and

pointed extremity with a small tooth-like process on the inner margin. The fifth pair

in the male is large and conspicuous ; tlie right foot is composed of two moderately

large joints, which decrease in breadth towards the extremity, and terminates in a

long slender curved spine. The left foot, which consists of three broad joints, has an

excavation at the apex in Avhich the terminal sjjine of the foot probably interlocks, wliUe

a long curved spine springs from the end of the first joint (PL IX. fig. 9). The abdomen

in the female consists of four, in the male of five, segments; the first segment in the

female is considerably swollen, and is produced ventrally and posteriorly into a large

rounded process (PL IX. fig. 10). Caudal stylets short, each furnished with three stout

plumose terminal seta3, and a small seta on the inner margin.

Habitat. Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 6° 55' 5" E., 35 and 360 fathoms (day collections).

Station 23 (lat. 1° 26' 7" S., long. 10° 1' 8" E.), 235 fathoms (day collection).

* The basal portions only of the anterior antenn;e of all the females, and of tho left antenna of all the males,

remain iutact ; tboy were broken off, mostly, at the end of the eighth joint; but, judging from the number of joints

in the male right antenna, the female antenme probably consist of twenty-two or twenty-three joints.

80 MR. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTRACA

About twenty specimens of this species were obtained in tow-nettings from the

localities described ; tlie specimens were all more or less imperfect, especially tbe

anterior antennae and swimming-feet.

The specific name has reference to Mayuraba, a place on the coast near Station 23,

one of the two localities where the species was obtained.

Genus Mectnoceba, I. C. Thompson (1888).

1888. Mecynocera, I. C. Thompson, Jouru. Liun. Soc. (Zoology) vol. xx. p. 146.

Mectnocera clatjsii, I. C. Thompson. (PI. I. figs. 27-3i ; PI. II. 7-10.)

1888. Mecynocera clausii, I. C. Thompson, Jouni. Linn. Soc. (Zoology) vol. xx. p. 140, pi. xi.

figs. 1-4.

Length fully 1 mm. Female somewhat longer than the male. Body elongate,

slender. Cephalothorax composed of six segments ; viewed dorsally the first is almost

cylindrical ; forehead somewhat angularly rounded ; the postero-lateral angles of the

last segment are rounded. Anterior antennae fully twice the length of the animal,

slender, 2i-jointcd ; the Kith to the 20th joints are considerably longer than any of the

others ; several of the middle joints of both antennce in male and female are provided

with longitudinal rows of small spiniform teeth ; two, or even three, rows were observed

on some of the joints, on others only one row ; the antenna; are sparingly setiferous

(PI. I. fig. 31). The annexed formula shows the proportional lengths of the joints : —

7 . 14 . 7 . 7 . 7 . 7 . 7 . 12 . 12 . 10 . 12 . 13 . 14 . 17 . 18 . 22 . 24 . 29 . 26 . 24 . 18 . 12 . 8 .14

1 2 3 4 .5 6 7 S 9 10 11 12 13 14 15~10 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24"

The basal joint of the posterior antennoe stout, primary branch 2-jointed (exclusive of

the basal joint), the first being nearly a third longer than the other; secondary branch

7-jointed ; the second joint is longer than the first, and nearly equal to the entire length

of the next four ; the tliird to the last joints very short (PI. I. fig. 30). Mandible-palp

well developed, 2-branched, basal part stout, distally narrowed and jiroduced to form

the base of the 1-jointed branch ; the second branch, which occupies a submarginal

position, is ^-jointed (PL II. fig. 7). Poot-jaws and swimming-feet nearly as in

RJdncalanus, except that the inner branches of the first swimming-feet are 1-joiuted,

the inner branches of the second, third, and fourth pairs are 3-jointed ; the exterior

distal angles of the joints of the outer branches are armed with short stout spines which

are curved inwardly ; the last joint of the outer branches of the fourth paix has a similar

spine on the exterior margin (PL I. fig. 33) ; the outer branches of all the first four

pairs possess long delicate terminal spines. Tlie fifth ])My are 1-branched, alike on both

sides and in both sexes ; basal portion 2-jointed, not much stouter than the terminal

portion, which is 3-jointed. There is, so far as could be observed, no terminal spine.

Caudal stylets somewhat divergent, and about two thirds the length of the last abdominal

segment ; caudal setae four, long, plumose.

Habitat. Station 2, 25 fathoms, collected January 1st. Lat. 6" 31' N., long. 12' 39' W.,

surface, collected January Gth. Lat. 1. 31' G" N., long. & H 4" W., 50 fathoms, collected

FEOM THE GrLF OP GUINEA. 81

January lltli. Oflf Sfio Thome Island (lat. 0° 34' N., long. & 30' i" E.), 20 fathoms,

collected January 23rd. Lat. 4 26' 7" S., long. 10 1' 8" E., 235 fathoms, coUcctcd

February 5th, etc.

Meci/nocera Clausii Avas observed in 16 of the tow-net collections, 1 only being

a surface gathering; the deepest under-surface gathering in which it was observed

was 235 fathoms.

1 day collection.

r 1 ciay coueciic

1 surface | 0 night ditto.

Tow-nettings 16s. ^ -, ^ . ,, ,.

1 15 under-surface/ ^^ '% collections.

I 3 night ditto.

The ' Buccaneer ' specimens of this species differed from Ilecynocera Clausii, I. C.

Thompson, as described and figured in the ' Transactions ' of the Linneau Society,

vol. xs. p. 150, pi. xi. tigs. 1-1. Ilecynocera Clavs'd is there described as wanting a fifth

pair of feet, whereas the ' Buccaneer ' specimens possess a fifth pair large enough to be

easily observed without requiring to dissect the animal to see them.

Genus Phaenna, Glaus.

Phaenna, Claus, Die freilebenden CopejDodeu, 18(53.

Phaenna spinifeea, Glaus. (PL VI. fig. 35 ; PI. VII. figs. 1, 2.)

1863. Phaenna spinifera, Clans, Die freilebenden Copepodeu, p. 189, pi. xxxi. tigs. 1-7.

Length 2'25 mm. Body globose (breadth about 1"1 mm.), composed of five segments,

the first rather longer than the next two together. Anterior antennae as long as the

cephalothorax, 2i-jointed. The proportional lengths of the joints are very nearly as

shown in the formula : —

10 .4. 3. 4. 4.4. 4. ■> .4.4. 4. 6.7.9. 9. 9. 10. 10 .8.9.7.8.9.4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24'

Sparingly setiferous ; the basal joint in the female bears on its upper margin a single

plumose seta*. The ends of the third, last, and of the basal joints bear each a plumose

hair on the underside. In the male the basal joint wants the plumose seta. The

posterior antennae have the primary branch much shorter than the secondary ; the

secondary branch 5-jointed ; the first and last joints are large, the three intermediate

ones very small, both branches furnished with long plumose hairs. Mandibles elongate,

bearing numerous small teeth at the distal ends ; mandible-palp stout, 2-branched, both

branches furnished with plumose hairs, the basal part with three short hairs on its

inner aspect. Maxillre large, foliaceous. Anterior foot-jaw.s short, truncate; joints

crowded, not clearly defined, setiferous, the apical part bearing one long, faintly serrate,

spinif orm, curved appendage ; and a number of peculiar, cylindrical processes (sense-

* " Das basale Glied triigt im weiblicheu Gescliiecbte eine befiederte Borste," Claus, loc. cil. p. 189.

SECOND SERIES. — ZOOLOGY, VOL. VI. 11

82 MR. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTRACA

organs ?), densely ciliated at the extremity ; posterior foot-jaw in the female slender,

(j-jointed, the last two joints very small. Three long setaj, plumose along the upper

edge, spring from the terminal joints ; the basal joints are sparingly setiferous ; the

posterior foot-jaw is stouter in the male, and the terminal joints bear a much larger

number of setae. First pair of swimming-feet 2-branclied, the outer 3-jointed, the inner

2-jointed ; both branches with numerous stout plumose setge, the terminal spine of the

outer branch slender, and faintly serrate on the outer margin. The inner branch of the

second pair 2-jointed, of the third and fourth pairs 3-jointed and armed on the side with

fascicles of short, stout, and sharp-pointed spines ; the outer branches foliaceous and

bearing several strong spines on the exterior margin, one at the base of the first and

second joints, and three on the last joint ; the terminal spines of the outer branches of

the second, third, and fourth pairs broad, falciform, the outer margin faintly serrate.

The fifth pair wanting in the female, in the male simple, 1-branched, 5(?)-jointed, the

left branch longer and stouter than the right, with the last joint small and fringed with

hairs ; the right branch terminates in a slender spine. Abdomen in the male 5-, in the

female 4-jointed, the last joint the smallest. Caudal stylets short, divergent, and

furnished with several plumose seta3, the second seta fi'om the inside being much longer

than the others.

Habitat. Station 9, 25 and 50 fathoms, January 10th (day collections). Lat. 1 55' 5" N.,

long. 5" 55' 5" E., 35, GO, and 360 fathoms, January 22nd (day collections). Station 23,

surface, 20 and 85 fathoms, February 5th (day collections). These were the only

gatherings in which Fhaenna spinifera was obtained.

The ciliated processes of the anterior foot-jaws resemble somewhat the worm-like

sense-organs of the same appendages in Scolecithrix, but instead of being produced so

as to form lengthened hair- or " worm-"like processes, as in that genus, they are

cylindrical and truncate, and furnished with a terminal fascicle of delicate cilia.

Subfamily Pontellin.T3, Dana.

Genus Labidocera, Lubbock, 1853.

PonteUa, Dana, (in imrt), Amcr. Joum. Sci. 184-6; Claus, Die freilebeuden Copep. 1803; Brady,

Monogr. Brit. Copep. 1878 ; id. Report Chall. Copep. 1883.

Labidocera, Lubbock, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, vol. xi. (1853).

Labidocera detrtjncata (Dana), var. intermedia. (PL VI. figs. 36-38 ; PI. VII.

figs. 3, 4.)

Length 3 mm. Ccphalothorax elongate-ovate, the postero-lateral angles of the last

thoracic segment produced, acute. Anterior antennge in the female 23-jointed, the

upper margin of the first eight or nine joints furnished with moderately short, plumose

seta3, and the lower margin with a fringe of delicate hairs extending to the 12th joint.

Right anterior antennse of the male 17-jointed, hinged between the 13th and 11th

FEOM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 83

joints, the upper margins of these joints minutely denticulate (a j-inch objective is

required to see the denticulation distinctly). The 12th joint is not denticulate.

Mandible strongly toothed; the distal end is covered exteriorly with numerous short

spinous setae arranged in oblique rows ; the two inner teeth of the mandible are large

and wide apart. The posterior foot-jaws are somewhat similar to those of Labklocera

acuta, Dana. The third segment of the right fifth foot of the male has the base

produced into a long stout spine, and at the distal end is furnished with a long curved

and slender appendage, bearing two short claw-like processes at its extremity. The

left foot is 3-jointed ; the second joint is shorter than the first, the third is about equal

in length to the second and somewhat triangular in shape ; the apex terminates in

three teeth, the middle one being the longest. The fifth pair in the female are inter-

mediate between Labidocera detruncata and Labidocera acutifrons, Dana. Abdomen in

the male 4-jointed, in the female 3-jointed ; the middle segment in the female large and

tumid, the last segment of the male abdomen smaller than the other three, which are

subequal in length.

The form here described differs from Labidocera, detruncata, as described and figured in

the ' Challenger ' Report, in the following particulars : — the right anterior male

antenna differs in the proportional length of the joints and in the absence of the

prominent denticulations on the 12th, 13th, and 11th joints, but especially on the 12th,

and also in the postero-lateral angles of the last thoracic segment being acutely and

strongly produced so as to resemble, in this respect, Labklocera acutifrovs. The fifth pair

of feet in the male of the variety here described resemble Dana's figure very closely,

much more so than that of the specimen figured in the Report on the ' Challenger '

Copepoda.

Habitat. Lat. 5° 58' N., long. 14' 20' W., surface, January 6th (one day and one night

collection). Off Sao Thome Island (lat. 0 32' 7" N., long. 6 31' 6" E.), 10 fathoms,

January 23rd (day collection). Lagoon, Sao Thome Island, surface, January 27th and

28th (one day and one night collection). Lat. 1 30' 3" S., long. 8 8' 6" E., surface,

February 3rd (night collection). Lat. 4° 55' 9" S., long. 10 47' 3" E., surface, Feb-

ruary 5th (night collection). Lat. 5 50' 5" S., long. 11' 17' 2" E., surface, February 8th

(night collection). Lat. G 39' 5" S., long. 11 24' 7" E., surface, February 8th (night

collection).

This was comparatively a rare species in the ' Buccaneer ' collection. The above is a

full list of the localities where it was obtained.

/_

Labidoceka Dakwinii (Lubbock). (PI. VI. figs. 39-42 ; PL VII. figs. 5, 6.)

1853. Labidocera Danvinii, Lubbock, Ami. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, vol. ii. p. 29, pi. i. figs. 1-11.

1892?. Labklucera Lubbockii, Giesbrecht, Pelag. Copep. Golfes von Neapel, p. 459, pis. 23, 25, 41.

Length, male 2" 2 ram., female 2-4 mm. The forehead is broadly rounded, and docs not

possess any angular median projection. The last thoracic segment has the lateral angles

considerably produced, and in the male more so on the right side than the left, but the

11*

84 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTRACA

same on both sides in the female. Anterior antennae 21<-jointed; the two basal joints are

moderately stout and large, several of the succeeding joints are very short, while from

the 16th to the end all the joints, but especially the 18th and 19th, are elongate and

slender. The approximate proportional lengths of the joints are shown in the formula : —

7.10.1.1.1.1.2.2.3.3.3.4..5.5.6.9.9.10.11.8.7.7.6.6

T 2 3 -4 5 6 7 « y 10 11 12 13 1-1 15 16 17 18 liJ 20 21 i'l> 23 24'

The middle joints of the right male antenna are slightly swollen ; the 3rd joint has a

number of indistinct articulations ; the 9th and 10th joints, between which is a dis-

tinctly hinged articulation, are furnished with marginal appendages that are toothed

along the upper edge ; the free portion of the appendage of the 9th joint extends hack-

ward the whole length of the preceding joint, while that of the 10th joint projects only

a little forward beyond the joint to which it belongs ; the 7th joint is about twice the

length of the preceding one, and equal to the next ; the 9tli is a little shorter than the

8th, and about half the length of the 10th ; the 11th is about two thirds the length of

the 10th, and equal to the next two together. The marginal teeth on the appendage

of the 9th joint spring from the distal end of a quadrangular base ; the basal parts of

the teeth are closely applied to each other, end to end, as shown in the enlarged drawing ;

the marginal teeth on the appendage of the lOtli joint are somewhat conical in shape,

and are slightly curved forward. The apical portion of the posterior foot-jaw is

4-jointed (PI. VI. fig. 39). The first joint of the right tif th foot of the male (fig. il) has a

broad triangular outline, and part of the outer angle is, as it were, cut off to form an

attachment for the next joint; the last joint is considerably swollen, so that the inner

marffin forms an elevated arch ; a stout curved and snoon-like claw is articulated to the

exterior portion of the joint, and the claw is opposed by a produced basal process so as

to form a prehensile organ closely resembling the beak of a bird, and giving to the

whole joint somewhat the appearance of an enlarged " bird's-liead process " observed in

species of Polyzoa. The last joint of the left foot has a bifid apex and a small blunt-

pointed tooth on its outer margin ; part of its inner surface is covered with fine cilia,

while the inner angle of the second joint is produced in the form of a ringed (? sexual)

process. Fifth pair in the female simple, the basal joints stout, with a small seta on

the proximal half ; outer branches elongate, attenuated towards the pointed apex, and

furnished exteriorly with a comparatively large subapical spine, and with a minute spine

on the interior edge. The inner branches are small, curved, stoutly spiniform, and not

half the length of the outer In-anch. The abdomen in the male is composed of four, in the

female of two segments, as shown in PL VI. fig. 12 and PI. VII. fig. 5. In the female the

caudal stylets are unequal in length ; the fourth caudal seta, counting from the outside,

in both male and female, but especially the former, is considerably long er than the others

(fig. 42). In all the female specimens obtained an apparently structureless membrane

of an irregular outline covered the greater portion of the abdome n, and extended beyond

the stylets to about halfway over the caudal setae, as shown in tig. 42.

HahiUd. Libreville, Gaboon Uiver, in surface tow-net material collected after midday,

January 28th.

FEOM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 85

Tliough the Labldocera now described differs in one or two points from Sir John

Lubbock's ir<i/rfocer« JDarwiml, especially in the number of joints of the apical portion of

the posterior foot-jaws, yet its agreement with that species is closer than with Labldocera

acutifrons, Dana ; the ' Buccaneer ' specimens have therefore been ascribed provisionally

to Lubbock's species.

Labidocera acutifrons (Dana).

1852. PonteUa acutifrons, Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Espcd. p. 1149, pi. Isxx. figs. Wa-h.

1883. PonteUa acutifrons, Brady, Report Chall. Copep. p. 91, ]A. xxsv. figs. 1-13.

JIaUtat. Lat. 5° 10' N., long. 3° 50' 2" 'W., surface (close inshore), January 12th

(night collection). Near Appi (Porto Novo), surface, January 18th (day collection).

Libreville, Gaboon E-iver, surface, January 28th (two day collections). Bananah Creek,

Congo Eiver, surface, February 7th (day collection). Lat. T 54' 6" S., long. 12° 14' 7" E.,

surface, February 9th (night collection).

Tliis Labldocera was obtained in 21 tow-nettings, 20 of which were surface and 1

under-surface gatherings ; one of the under-surface gatherings was from 2J fathoms

(day collection), one from 3 fathoms (night collection), one from 10 fathoms (day

collection), and one from 50 fathoms (day collection). 10 of the surface-gatherings

were day, and 10 were night collections, as in the formula : —

10 day collections.

r iu Clay coiiecuc

r 20 surface j 10 night ditto.

Tow-nettings 24 <^ r q i vff

I 4 under-surface I 3 day ditto.

i- 1 niijht colL

ight collection.

Labldocera acutifrons was comparatively a rare species, though generally distributed

throushou.t the area examined.

'a"

Labidocera acuta (Dana).

1859. PonteUa acuta, Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped. p. 1150, pi. Ixxx. figs. 12 a-c.

1883. Fontella acuta, Brady, Report Chall. Copep. p. 89, pi. xxxvi. figs. 1-12.

Sabitat. Libreville, at the mouth of the Gaboon River. Only one or two specimens

of what appeared to be this species were obtained.

Genus Pontella, Dana, 1846.

Pontia, Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. des Crust. (1828).

PonteUa, Dana (in part), Amer. Journ. Sc. (2) vol. i. (1816) ; Brady (in part), Eeport 'Challenger'

Copcpoda, 1883; Giesbrecht, Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel (Pelagische Copepoden),

1892.

Pontella inermis, Brady.

1883. PonteUa inermis, Brady, Report Chall. Copep. p. 95, pi. xlv. figs. 10-15.

Habitat. Lat. 5' 10' N., long. 3' 56' 2" W., surface (close inshore), January 12th

86 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

(night collection). Station 21 (off tlie mouth of the Congo), sui*face, Fchruary 6th (two

day collections). Also in surface gatherings collected on the 8th February at the following

localities :— Lat. 5^ 56' 5" S., long. 11^ 17' 2" E. ; lat. 5' 54' 4" S., long. 10^ 50' 7" E. ;

lat. 6" 3' 3" S., long. 11° 7' 5" E. ; lat. 6 29' 4" S., long. 11° 24' 8" E. ; lat. 6° 39' 5" S.,

long. 11 24' 7" E. ; and on the 9th Eebruary at lat. 7' 38' S., long. 12° 3' 3" E.

Pontella inermis was observed only in tow-nettings from the localities described above.

Tliey were all surface gatherings, and comprised four day and five night collections.

Pontella secubifer, Brady.

1883. Pontella securifer, Brady, Report Cliall. Copep. p. 96, pi. xlv. figs. 1 9.

Sabitat. Lat. 3° 57' 2" N., long. 7° 42' 8" W., 2 fathoms, January 9th (night collections).

Lat. 0° 22' 4" N., long. 7 59' 8" E., surface, January 29th (day collection). Station

23, surface, day collection, Eebruary 5th. Lat. 5 56' 5" S., loQg. 11" 17' 2" E., surface,

Eebruary 8th (night collection), also on the same date at lat. 6° 3' 3" S., long. 11° 7' 5" E.,

surface (day collection) ; lat. 6° 23' 3" S., long. 11° 3' 8" E., surface (day collection) ; lat.

6 29' 4" S., long. 11° 24' 8'' E., surface (night collection). On the 9th February at lat.

7 38' S., long. 12° 3' 3" E., surface (night collection) ; lat. 8 36' 8" S., long. 12° 57' E.,

surface (day collection) ; and on Eebruary 18th at lat. 5 53' S., long. 11 31' 1" E.

A11 the tow-nettings in which Pontella securifer was obtained were surface gatherings,

and comprised five day and four night collections. This species is readily distinguished

horn, fhe, oi\\Gv FontellcB by the remarkable "hatchet-shaped" appendage of the right

male antennae. A few specimens only of this interesting species were obtained.

Pontella (?) mediterranea (Claus), var. gaboonensis, nov. var. (PI. V. figs. 43-48.)

1863. Pontell'ma mediterranea, Claus, Die freilebeiiden Copepoden, p. 211, t. ii. figs. 8-10, t. iii.

fig. 8, t. xxxvi. figs. 11, 12.

Male. Length 2' 5 mm. Nostrum with prominent frontal eye as in Vontella sectirifer,

Brady. The posterior thoracic angles scarcely produced. Anterior antennae not

reaching to the end of the thorax ; that of the left side 24-jointed ; the first and second

joints are moderately stout, the third to the eleventh are short, while the I7th,

18th, 19th, and 22nd are longer than any of the others with the exception of the basal

joints, as shown by the annexed formula : —

Left anterior 22 . 14 . 4 . 4 . 4.4.4.4.5. o ^4 .8.8. 8 . 10.14 .Ib^ IS ^ 19 . 14 . 13 . 15 . 10 . 13

anteuna. T^f'WT 5 0^ 9, 9 10 11 12 13 14" 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24'

Several of the small proximal joints are furnished with moderately long plumose

setae on the upj)er edge, and a fringe of tine hairs or cilia on the lower margin (fig, 44).

The sixth, seventh, and eighth joints of the right antenna are abruptly and considerably

dilated ; the first of the three, which is also the shortest, bears a stout elongate spine on

its upper edge (fig. 45). The tenth and eleventh joints, which arc long, and connected

together by a hinged articulation, are finely toothed along the upj)er margin ; the denti-

culations of the tenth joint apjoear to be bifid, as shown by the figure; the penultimate

FEOM THE GULF OF GUI^^EA. 87

joint is as long as the preceding and fully twice the length of the terminal joint. The

joints of the apical portion of the posterior foot-jaws gradually decrease in length towards

the extremity; the fii-st joint is about twice the length of the third, the second is as

long as the third and fourth together, the terminal joint is very small (fig. 46). Inner

branches of the first pair of swimming-feet 3-jointed, and not longer than the first

two joints of the outer branch. Inner branches of the second, third, and fourth pairs

2-jointed. The basal angle of the short, tumid, terminal joint of the right fifth foot

is produced into a moderately long digitiform process, which appears to interlock with

the spoon-like apical part of the stout angularly curved terminal claw. The last joint

of the left foot is furnished with three stout apical spines, one of which is short, while

the longer one of the other two is about equal in length to the terminal joint (fig. 48).

Abdomen composed of four (? five) segments, the first and third segments are considerably

longer than the others. Caudal stylets longer than the third abdominal segment ; the

fourth seta of eanh stylet (counting from the outside) is about twice the length of the

others.

Habitat. Libreville, at the mouth of the Gaboon River, in two surface gatherings-

one being collected near the highest point reached.

Figure 47 shows the fifth feet of an immature female from the same locality. Only

three female specimens were obtained, which were all immature.

The Poiitella here described seems to be nearly identical with PontelUna mediterranean

Claus, except that Claus's specimens were larger — 4 mm. There is also a difference in

the number of jomts that precede the three swollen ones of the right male antenna :

Claus describes the three swollen joints as "vom dreizehnten bis funfzehnten Gliede,"

but in the ' Buccaneer ' specimens it is the sixth to the eighth joints that are swoUen.

Moreover, there is some difference in the armature of the prehensile part of the right fifth

foot ; in the ' Buccaneer ' specimens the " eight large and numerous small boat -like

knobs " described by Claus are wanting. But as these differences are comparatively

unimportant, and may be due to local causes, there appears to be no suflicient reason

to consider the ' Buccaneer ' specimens distinct from Pontella mediterranea, Claus,

except as a local variety.

Genus Pontellopsis, Brady.

{Pontellopsis, Brady, ' Challenger ' Copepoda, p. 85, 1883.)

? Monops, Lubbock, 1853.

Pontellopsis villosa, Brady. (PL VI. figs. 29-34.)

Pontellopsis villosa, Brady, op. cit. p. 86, pi. xxxiv. figs. 10-13, pi. xxxv. figs. 14-20.

Male. Length 1*85 mm. Right anterior antenna somewhat like that of Pontella

plumosa, Dana, but differing in the armature and in the number and proportional length

of the joints (fig. 34). The left anterior antenna, the posterior antennae, mouth-organs,

and swimming-feet are similar to those of the female (see also pi. xxxv. figs. 14-20,

88 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

of the ' Challenger ' Copepoda). The annexed foi'mu]a shows the proportional lengths of

the joints of the left anterior antenna, which is 18-jointed : —

5.7.6.7.4.4.4.4.3.6.7.8.9.G.(3.7.7.7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 S i) lU 11 12 13 14 15 1(5 17 1«-

The fifth pair of feet are nearly like those of Fontella iilumosa ; the most obvious

difference between them is in the size and proportional length of the joints. Abdomen

stout, short, and composed of five segments ; the first is rather longer than the combined

length of the next two ; the second, third, foiirth, and fifth segments are nearly equal

in length. Caudal stylets about equal in length to the three preceding abdominal

segments.

Fontellopsis villosa was obtained in 21 tow-nettings from various parts of the area

traversed by the ' Buccaneer,' between lat. 5° 58' N., long. r4' 10" W., and lat. 6° 9' 8" S.,

long. 11° 10' 4" E., all of which, except one from 10 fathoms, were surface-gatherings.

The number of day and night collections are as follows : —

f 9 day collections.

1

r 20 surface 1 11 night ditto.

Tow-nettings 21 < f 1 1 11 f

L 1 under-surface (10 fathoms) < ^

^ l 0 „ ditto.

The genus and species were described by Dr. Brady from female specimens, of which

only three were obtained. In the ' Buccaneer ' collections a considerable number

of specimens were observed, but comparatively few of them were females, and none of

them reached the dimensions of those described in the 'Challenger' Copepoda; the

females also wanted the peculiar lateral abdominal apijendage possessed by the

'Challenger' specimens; otherwise, however, the 'Buccaneer' specimens (females)

agree in every respect with those described and figured in the ' Challenger ' Report.

The last three thoracic segments of all the 'Buccaneer' specimens possess a brownish

coloured mark of an irregular outline on each side of the median dorsal line, as shown

in figure 29. The abdomen in the females is also commonly distorted, and the first

segment is furnished with two small protuberances ; the form and size of the caudal

stylets are also more or less unequal.

Dr. Giesbrecht * considers Mouojjs, Lubbock, to be synonymous with Fontellopsis,

Brady, and as Monops is prior to the other he substitutes it for Fontellopsis.

Genus Pontellina, Dana, 1852.

Pontella, Brady (in part.)^ Eeport on the ' Challeugcr' Copepoda, 1883.

Pontellina, Giesbrecht, Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel (Pelagische Copepoden), 1892.

Pontellina plumata, Dana.

1852. Pontellina plumata, Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Esped. p. 1135, pi. Ixxix. figs. \Oa-d.

* ' Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel (Pelagische Copepoden),' p. 486.

FEOM THE GULF OF GUINEA. bl)

1852. Pon fella turgida, ^, Daua, loc. cit. p. 1136, pi. kxix. figs. 11 a, b, figs. 12 a, b.

1883. Pontella plvmata, Brady, Report Chall. Copep. p. 92, pi. xxxvii. figs. 1-11.

Habitat. Station 3, 25 fathoms, Janviary 2iul (day collection). Station 9, 25 fathoms,

January 10th (day collection). Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E., 10, 20, 30, 200, and

360 fathoms, January 22nd (day collections). Station 23, 10 and 185 fathoms, February

5th (day collection). Lat. 8° 36' 8" S., long. 12' 57' E., surface, February 13th (day

collection), &c.

Fontellina plnmuta occurred in 67 tow-nettings, 39 of which were surface and 28

under-surface gatherings. The under-surface gatherings ranged from 2^ to 360 fathoms ;

16 of the surface and 21 of the under-surface were day collections, while 23 surface and

7 under-surface were night collections, as shown by the annexed formula : —

r 10 day collections.

n. H- . J^'-^ ^^^^-f^^*^ 1 23 night ditto.

Tow-nettmgs 67 < >- »

L28 under-surface (21 f^ay ditto.

1 7 night ditto.

This species was abundant in the ' Buccaneer ' collection, l)oth sexes being frequent.

Its distribution was co-extensive with the area examined.

Family CYCLOPID.E.

Genus Oithona, Baird.

Oithona, Baird, Zoologist, 1843.

OiTHONA Challengerii, Brady.

1883. Oithona ChaUengerii, Brady, Ecport Cliall. Copep. p. 97, pi. xl. figs. 1-10.

Huhitut. Station 2, 5 ftithoms, January 1st (night collection). Station 9, 50 fathoms,

January 10th (day collection). Station 18, surface, February 3rd (day collection). Station

23, surface, February 5th (day collection). Lat. 5" 53' S., long. 11' 31' 1" E., surface,

February 18th (night collection), &c.

0. ChallemjerU seemed to be distributed all over the area examined ; in some tow-

nettings it was rather rare, but in others frequent. Considerable care was necessary in

diagnosing the species, owing to the close resemblance between it and others of the

same genus, and to their being so long immersed in spirit, which rendered it very

di£Bcult to make out the number of joints in the antennae.

Oithona plumipera, Dana.

1852. Oithona plumiftru, Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Expcd. p. 1100, pi. 76.

Ilaliitat. Lat. 4 31' 6" K., long. 6 4'4" W., 25 fathoms, January lltli (day collection),

lat. 3' 58' N., long. 3 42' W., 50 fathoms, January 13th (day collection). Lat. 2 22' 2" S.,

long. T 45' E., 20 fathoms, February 3rd (day collection). Station 21, surface, February

SECOND SERIES. — ZOOLOGY, VOL. VI. 12

90 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

4tli (day collection). Station 22, 20 fathoms, February 4tli (day collection). Station

24, surface, February 6th (day collection). Lat. 7 ' 38' S., long. 12' 3' 3" E., surface,

February 9th (night collection).

This Oilhona has long densely plumose setjB of a persistent purplish colour, which are

sufllciently conspicuous to enable the species to he readily distinguished. Oithona

plumifera, though frequent in the tow-nettings in which it was observed, appeared to be

somewhat rare generally, as the seven collections noticed above were the only ones in

which it was obtained.

Oithona minuta, n. sp. (PL IX. figs. 14-25.)

Length, female "64 mm., male -5 mm. Body moderately stout, ovate. Anterior

antennee not reaching to the end of the thorax : in the female composed of nine distinct

joints; the basal joint, which forms about a third part of the whole length of the

antenna, is indistinctly divided into seven unequal portions by very faint lines that do

not appear to be true joints. If these indistinct articulations be included the female

antennfB will consist of fifteen joints, the proportional lengths of which are nearly as

shown in the formula : —

(32 . 4 . 4 . 13 . 4 . 4 . 4) . 14 ■ 24 . 34 ■ 10 ■ 16 . 6 . 12 . 11

(1 .2.3. 4 .5.0.7). 8 . 0 . 10 . 11 . 12 . 13 . 14Tl5"

The figures in parentheses refer to the indistinct pseudo-articulations observed in the

elongate basal joint. Male antennae 11-jointcd, hinged between the ninth and tenth

joints (fig. 16). Posterior antennse nearly as in Oithona spinlrostrls, Glaus (fig. 17) The

principal branch of the mandible-palp is armed with two stout, curved, claw-like apical

appendages bearing minute marginal spines ; the accessory branch is 4-jointed and

furnished with several long plumose setoe (fig. 19). The biting part has on one side a

short, stout, submarginal tooth, and on the other side a spiniform seta at the apical

angle fully twice the length of the apical teeth (fig. 18). Anterior and posterior

foot-jaws nearly as in Oithona Challengerli or Oithona sjmiirostris, as are also the

swimming-feet. The feet of the fifth pair in the female are bisetose, with moderately

long plumose setse ; those of the male very minute, with two very small setae. Abdomen

of the female 4-, of the male 5-jointed ; stylets as long as the last abdominal segment ;

the last abdominal segment and stylets in the male are a third shorter than in

the female, the tail-seta? in the male arc also much shorter than in the female

(figs. 24, 25).

This minute but distinct Oithona was obtained in a tow-net gathering collected at

Bananah Creek, Congo River, February 7th ; the sp. gr. of the water was only 1-00870.

In two tow-net gatherings from the seaward portion of Loanda Harbour, February 15th,

surface-temperature of the water at noon 79"-2 F. : the Loanda Harbour tow-net

gatherings were collected during the afternoon. Oithona minuta was moderately common

in these last two gatherings, and many of the females carried ovisacs.

FEOM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 91

OiTHONA SETiGERA, Dana.

1852. Oiihona setigera, Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped. p. 1101, pi. ~G.

Ilabitat. In tow-net gatherings from 50 fathoms, lat. 3 58' N., long. 3 42' W.

(temperature 61°' 15 P., sp. gr. 1-02531), collected between 8 a.m. and 1 p.m., January

13th ; and from 3G0 fathoms, lat. 1 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E. (temperature about

43"^ P.), collected January 22nd. Oiihona setigera was also obtained in a few other

gatherings, but was much less frequent than Oithona Challengerii.

Subfamily Longipediinjj;, Boeck.

Genus LoNGiPEDiA, Claus (1863).

LONGIPEDIA MINOR, T. & A. Scott. (PI. XII. flgS. 10-13.)

1882. Longipedia coronata, Giesbrccht, Die freileb. Copepodeu dcr Kieler Folircle, p. 99, pis. i., iv., xii.

1893. Longipedia coronuta, var. vii/ior, T. & A. Scot, Anu. Scott. Nat. Hist. vol. ii. pt. 2, p. 93.

1893. Longipedia coronata, var. in'inor, T. Scott, xi. Aim. Rept. Fishery Board for Scotland, pt. iii.

p. 200, pi. ii. figs. 1 1-20.

Habitat. Lat. 1 55' 5" N., long. 5 55' 5" E., 460 fathoms, tow-net gathering, collected

January 22nd. Luanda Harbour, in three surface tow-net collections, Pebruary 15th.

Pour or five specimens in all were obtained ; they differed considerably from Longijjedia

coronata as described by Drs. Claus and Brady.

Genus Microsetella, Brady & P^obertson (1873).

Microsetella, Brady & Eobertson, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. scr. 4, vol. xii. p. 130 (1873).

Ectinosoma, Brady (in part), Mon. Brit. Copepoda, vol. ii. p. 13; id. Report on tlie ' Cliallenger '

Copepoda, p. 100 (1883).

Microsetella atlantica, Brady & Robertson.

1873. Microsetella atlantica, Brady & Robertson, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, vol. xii. p. 130,

pi. ix. tigs. 11-lG.

1880. Ectinosoma atlanticum, Brady, Mon. Brit. Copep. viii. p. 13, pi. xxxviii. figs. 11-19.

1883. Ectinosoma atlunticum, id. Report Cliall. Copep. p. 100, pi. iv. figs. 10-14.

Habitat. Lat. T 33' N., long. 15' 18' W., surface, January 2nd (night collection). Lat.

3° 58' N., long. 3 42' W., 50 fathoms, January 13th (day collection). Lat. 1 55' 5" N.,

long. 5° 55' 5" E., 460 fathoms, January 22nd (day collection). Lat. 6' 47' 5" S., long.

11' 30' 6" E., surface, Pebruary 8th (night collection), &c.

Microsetella atlantica was observed in 40 tow-nettings, 19 of which were surface and

21 undcr-surface gatherings; 4 of the surface and 15 of the under-surface gatherings were

day collections, Avhile 15 of the surface and 6 under-surface were night collections, as

shown by the annexed formula : —

r 4 day collections.

{10 surface { ik • i j. i-j-i

1 15 night ditto.

21 under-surface 1 15 day ditto

t 6 night ditto.

12*

92 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

The under-surfoce tow-nettings included eighteen gatherings from 2i to 50 fathoms,

and one at 185, 235, and 460 fathoms. This species appeared to be distributed all over

the area examined, and was comparatively frequent m some of the gatherings ; females

with ovisacs were not uncommon.

Canthocamptus rosens, Dana, probably belongs to this species. Dana's description

(so far as it goes) and figure agree with Microsetella atlantica, but the descrij)tion is

too meao-re to admit of a satisfactory comparison. There is a difference between the

two as reo-ards size and colour, but such differences are not of much value unless allied

with structural differences.

Genus Ectinosoma, Boeck.

Ectinosoma, Boeck, Oversigt Norges Copepodei-, ISQi.

Ectinosoma, Brady (in part), Mon. Brit. Copep. vol. ii. p. 10.

Ectinosoma Chrystalii, n. sp. (Pi. IX. figs. 26-35.)

Length 1 mm. Body robust ; anterior antennse short, stout, furnished with numerous

long setfe; 6-jointed, the third joint is somewhat longer than either the preceding or

following ; the last is smaller than the others and about two-thirds the length of the

penultimate joint, truncate at the apex, and furnished with three long apical sctse. The

long middle joint of the posterior foot-jaw is setose on the ujiper edge, and a long plumose

seta that extends beyond the apex of the foot-jaw springs from the upper distal angle of

the first joint ; last joint short, provided with three seta3 (fig. 34). The second basal

joints of the first pair of swimming-feet are furnished interiorly with a setose spine that

extends nearly to the middle of the second joint of the inuer branches ; the outer

branches, which are comparatively short, reach only to the end of the second joint of the

inner branches, and the spines on the exterior edge are elongate and sharp-pointed, other-

wise the first pair closely resemble those of Ectinosoma spinipes. The second basal joint of

the fourth pair is somewhat produced and armed exteriorly with an elongate setose

spine ; the branches of tlie fourth pair are nearly of equal length, and armed similar to

the first pair, except that the exterior marginal spines of the outer branches are not

elongate nor setose. Eifth pair nearly as in Ectinosoma melaniceps, Boeck. Caudal

stylets about equal in length to the last abdominal segment; the inner of the two

principal caudal sctoe considerably longer than the other.

Sahitat. Station 3 (lat. T 1' 1" N., long. 15' 54' W.), 25 fathoms, collected between

9 A.M. and 5.30 p.m., January 2ud.

Several specimens, all females, were obtained in this gathering. The species is

named after Professor Chrystal, who designed a tow^-net used in collecting some of the

material from which the Copepoda described in this Report were obtained.

Genus Bradya, Boeck, 1872.

Bradya, Boeck, Nye Stegter og Arter af Saltvands-Copepoder, 1872.

Bradya brevicornis, sp. n. (PI. IX. figs. 36-43.)

Length 88 mm. Somewhat similar in form to Bradya typica, Boeck. Anterior

FEOM THE GULF OF GUI^'EA. 93

antennce short, stout, upper edge fringed witli long sctEe, 7-jointed, the second joint

shorter than, and having the upper distal angle produced so as to extend considerably

over, the next joint; the fourth joint is much shorter than either the preceding or

following joints ; the last joint is very small and hears two long terminal setae. In the

2-jointed secondary branches of the posterior antennse the distal joint is about twice

the length of the proximal one (fig. 38). The anterior foot-jaws are short and stout. The

small terminal joint of the posterior foot-jaws boars two long, stout, blunt-pointed spuaes,

ciliate on both edges, and a long, slender seta ; a long, plain seta springs from the end

of the first joint (fig. 10). The first four pairs of swimming-feet are nearly as in Bradya

typica ; the fifth pair are longer than broad, the apex of the second joint is obliquely

truncate and furnished with two setae, while the inner distal angle terminates in a stout

conical spine. Caudal stylets about once and a half the length of the last abdominal

segment. The imicr of the two principal tail-sette is about twice the length of the other ;

a small spiniform seta sjjrings from the outer margin and near the distal end of

each stylet.

Habitat. In a surface tow-net gathering from a lagoon, Sao Thome Island, collected

January 21st.

Subfamily T a c H i d 1 1 n .e, Boeck.

Genus Euterpe, Claus.

'Euterpe, Clausj Die freilebenden Copepoden, 1803 ; Brady, Monog. Bi'it. Copep. 1880.

Euterpe gracilis, Claus, var. armata, n. var. (PL XII. figs. 11-23.)

Length '9 mm. Body as in Euterpe gracilis, but with the rostrum more pyramidal,

slightly curved. Anterior antennse 7-jointed, shorter than the first body-segment. The

proportional lengths of the joints as in the formula : —

5. 10. 8. 9. 6. 5. 9

1 2 3 4 5 6 7'

The fourth joint bears one and the last joint two slender sensory hairs at their distal

end. The last three joints also bear a number of long plain sette. Posterior antennne

4-jointed, the first two short, the third and fourth longer, subequal ; a small 1-joiuted

secondary branch springs from near the end of the second joint. The mouth-organs and

s-wimming-f eet are similar to those of JEtiterpe gracilis, but with the following differences : —

The second joint of the inner branches of the first pair of swimming-feet bears a mode-

rately long and stout setiferous terminal spine, which is curved outwards ; near the middle

of the same joint is a curved transverse row of seta) extending from the outer margin to

fully halfway across the joint. The extremity of the outer branches of the second pair is

furnished with a long spine, finely serrate on the outer edge, a shorter setiferous spine,

a long slender plumose seta, and several small setose spines ; the inner branches also bear

a row of small spines at their extremities in addition to the jjluuiose hairs. The inner

branches of the third and fourth pairs are each armed with a long, stout, strongly seti-

94 MR. T. SCOTT OiS' ENTOMOSTEACA

ferous, and straiglit terminal spine, iu addition to several smaller spines and a slender

plumose seta. The extremity of the outer branches bears a long curved spine, serrate

on the outer edge, two smaller dagger-like spines, and a plumose hair ; these smaller

spines and the spines at the outer distal angles of the first and second joints are strongly

serrate on both margins. A row of spinous setae extends obliquely across the lower

middle portion of the last joint of the inner branches of the fourth pair as well as round

the extremity of the joint. The fifth pair as in Euterjie gracilis, but with only one short

and three long dagger-like terminal spines. A moderately long seta springs from the

external margin and near the base of each branch, and a row of small spines extends

obliquely from the marginal seta to fully halfway across the segment ; moreover, the

extremity and inner margin of each branch are fringed wdth short spinous setee. Ovisac

single, large, containing numerous ova.

Habitat. Station 9, 50 fathoms, January 10th (day collection). Off Accra, svirface, 1 day

and 1 night collection ; 3 fathoms, 1 day and 1 night collection, January 16tb. Lagoon,

Sao Thome Island, surface, January 27th (night collection). Station 23, 235 fathoms,

Eebruary 5th (day collection). Loanda Harbour, surface, February 15th (day collection).

This species was obtained in 29 tow-nettings, 10 of which were surface and 13 under-

surface gatherings ; 4 of the surface gatherings were collected during the day and 12

during the night, while 10 of the u nder-surface were collected during the day and 3

during the night, as shown by the annexed formula : —

r 4 day collections,

r 16 surface 1 12 night ditto.

Tow-nettings 29 < r -ir^ -i ^•^.i.

1 13 under-surface J ^^ ^'^^ ^^<^^«-

I 3 night ditto.

The under-surface gatherings were from depths ranging from 2i to 235 fathoms.

The form here described, though agreeing generally with Miter;pe gracilis, differs in

several important points, as, for instance, in the proportional length of the joints of the

anterior antennae, in the inner branches of the third and fourth pairs of swimming-feet

being furnished with prominent, strongly setiferous, terminal spines, and in the fifth pair

j)ossessing four instead of five terminal spines. These difi'erenccs, which are suflQciently

characteristic to allow of the variety being readily distinguished, may ultimately be

considered of specific value ; meanwhile, however, I prefer to consider the ' Buccaneer '

specimens as constituting a variety of Eutei^e gracilis.

Subfamily AmymoniN-E, Boeck.

Genus Amymone, Glaus.

Anu/monc, Die frcilebeudeu Copepocleu, 1863; Brady, Monog. Brit. Coj^ep. 1880.

Amymone Andrewi, u. sp. (PL XI. figs. 44-47 ; PI. X. fig. 1.)

Length "55 mm. Cephalothorax somewhat similar in form to Ariiymone sphcBrica, Claus,

except that the last thoracic segment is more produced and does not bear any spine-like

FEOM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 95

processes. Anterior anteunfe not longer than the first thoracic segment, 8-jointed, the

proportional lengths as follows : —

24 . 24 ■ 18 . 13 . 6 . 5 . 3 . 8

1 2 3 4567 8'

The fourth joint bears a long sensory hair at its distal end, and two similar but rather

small hairs spring from the extremity of the last joint. Posterior antennjB slender,

3-jointed, the second and third joints subequal, the last terminating in one long and one

short, stout, claw-like seta ; the first joint bears at its distal end a small 1-jolnted secondary

branch possessing four apical setaj. The terminal joint of the first foot-jaws is slender,

and furnished with several long plumose hairs and at the extremity with three stout spini-

form setse. A stout sctiferous process springs from the end of the second last joint and

reaches to the end of the spiniform sette just described. Second foot-jaws 2-jointed, long,

and powerful. The hands possess strong curved terminal claws, bearing below the middle

portion one long and one short spinous seta. The Ijasal part of the hands is produced out-

ward into a stout, curved, spiniform process ; the hollow formed by this spiniform process

bears a peculiar dilated appendage, furnished with several small spine-like tubercles on

its outer surface. The inner margin of the hand is doubly and finely serrate. The

integument is closely beset with minute tubercles, much more prominent and distinct

than those of A. sphcerica.

Habitat. Lagoon, Sao Thome Island, surface, January 27th (night collection). Specific

gravity of the water 1"0237 to 1'0255. One specimen only of this curious species was

obtained : I was able to prepare the foregoing diescription without dissecting it.

The posterior foot-jaws in this species form powerfal gL'asping-organs. Thej)roduced

base of the hand acting as a sort of thumb and the terminal claw as a finger, with

the dilated appendage in the hollow at the base of the hand acting as an interlocking

arrangement, form together an elaborate and efficient instrument for grasping purposes,

such as I have not observed in any other described species. This curious and interesting

genus is represented in various and widely distant localities. It has been observed in

various parts of the North Sea, as at Heligoland, Christiania, and several places on the

English and Scotch coasts ; at Messina, Naples, and other localities on the Mediterranean

coast ( Ckms) ; in the Gulf of Mexico (Herrick) ; and on the "West Coast of Africa, as now

recorded.

The species is named after my son Andrew Scott, who has assisted me so well with the

preparation of this Eeport, and who discovered the only specimen of this genus obtained

in the ' Buccaneer ' tow-nettinsrs.

r>-

Subfamily Stenheliin.e, Brady (1880).

Genus Stenhblia, Bocck (1864).

Stenhelia, Boeck, Oversigt Norges Copepoder, 1864.

Stenhelia accraensis, n. sp. (PI. X. figs. 2-12.)

Length -85 mm. Body moderately robust ; first cephalothoracic segment considerably

96 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

lono-er than the entire lenijth of the other four ; rostrum prominent. Anterior antennae

short and stout, 9-jointed ; the upper distal angle of the fourth joint is produced forward

over the next, while the terminal joint is ahout as long as the total length of the pre-

ceding four ; the relative lengths of the joints are nearly as shown in the formula : —

10. 8.5. 3. 2.3. 2.2. 9

1 2345678 9'

Mandibles and maxillae nearly as in Stenlielia hispida. Foot-jaws nearly as in

Stenlielia ima. The swimming-feet are also nearly as in the last-named species, except

that the proportional lengths of the joints are somewhat ditfercnt; the first joint of

the inner branches of the first pair is not longer than the outer branches and not

much longer than the combined length of the second and third joints. The inner

branches of the fourth pair are somewhat longer than the outer branches. The fifth pair

closely resemble those of Stenlielia ima (fig. 11). Caudal stylets somewhat widely

apart, about equal in length to the last abdominal segment, and furnished with four

apical seta3 (fig. 12).

Habitat. Accra, in a shore gathering, collected January 16th,

Subfamily CANTHOCAMPTiNyE, Brady (1880) .

Monograph of the British Copepoda, vol. ii. p. 47.

Genus Laophonte, Philippi (1810).

Laophonte, Philippi, Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, 1840.

Cleta, Claus, Die freilebendeu Copepoden, 1863.

Asellopsis, B. & R., Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xii. 1873.

Laophonte serrata (Claus). (PI. XII. figs. 21-28.)

1863. Glefa serrata, Claus, loc. cit. p. 123, t. xv. figs. 13-20.

1880. Laophonte serrata, Brady, op. cit. vol. ii. p. 71, pi. Ixxii. figs. 1-14.

RaUtat. Accra, in a shore gathering, collected January 16th. This, though ajoparently

widely distributed, is nevertheless a rare species. It has been obtained in a few British

localities, but always sparingly.

The strong conical tooth -like process on the second joint of the anterior antennae and

the serrated margin of the third joint (fig. 25) are well-marked characters of the species.

Laophonte longipes, n. sp. (PI. X. figs. 13-23.)

Length '6 mm. Body elongate ; anterior antennae 7-jointed ; the first thi'ee joints are

together about equal to twice the entire length of the other four, and the last is about

equal to the combined length of the two preceding joints. The relative lengths of the

joints are nearly as follows : —

6.7.7.2.2.2.4

12 3 4 5 6 7'

FROM THE GULF OF GUTXEA. 97

The upper distal portion of the fourth joint is produced and forms the base of a sensory

filament and one or two setae. The secondary branch of the posterior antennae is very

short and provided with four setae — three terminal and one subterminal. Mouth-organs

nearly as in Laophonte similis, Claus. The outer branches of the first pair of swimming-

feet 2-joiuted, not reaching to the middle of the inner branches ; the first joint is about

two-thirds the length of the second. The inner branches of the foui'th pair, which reach

nearly to the end of the second joint of the outer branches, have the first joint fully half

as long as the second, but the first and second joints of the outer branches are about equal

in length. Fifth pair nearly as in Laophonte curticauda. Caudal stylets somewhat

divergent ; length about tln-ee times the breadth ; principal tail-setae elongate, two-thirds

the length of the animal.

Mahitat. In a shore gathering from Sao Thome Island, collected January 25th at

low water ; and in a tow-net gathering from 20 fatlioms off Stlo Thome, collected

January 23rd.

Laophonte rxoM^aEA, n. sp. (PI. X. figs. 21-30.)

Length 'fG mm. (l-oith of an inch). Body elongate, slender. Anterior antennae

7-jointed, nearly as in Laophonte hrecicornis ; tlie annexed formula shows the pro-

portional lengths of the joints : —

G. 7. 7. 2. 2. 3. 4

12 3 4 5 6 7'

The posterior antennae and mouth-organs are also nearly as in Laophonte brevicornis,

except that the posterior foot-ja^ys have the second joint finely ciliate on the inner edo-e

and furnished with a small seta near the middle of the exterior edge. Inner branches of

first swimming-feet small, 2-jointed ; inner branches of fourth pair very short, scarcely

longer than the first joint of the outer branches, 2-jointed ; the first joint is very small, and

the apex of the second is provided with one stout terminal and two subterminal setae.

The outer branches are armed with a stout apical spine (fig. 28). Eeet of the fifth pair

nearly as in Laopjhoute curticauda, Eoeck ; outer margin and surface of basal joints

ciliate. Caudal stylets somewhat divergent ; their breadth is nearly equal to half the

length, and each is provided with two stout apical setae, the inner one being nearly double

the length of the other.

Hahitat. Shore, Sao Thome Island, in the same gathering as the last.

Laophonte brevicornis, n. sp. (PI. X figs. 31-37.)

Length -58 mm. Body slender. Anterior antenna^. G-jointed, the fourth and fifth joints

very short; the upper portion of the fourth is produced so as to extend to near the

extremity of the following joint and form the base of a moderately stout sensory filament.

The relative lengths of the joints are nearly as shown in the annexed formula : —

10 . 7 . 7 . 2 . 2 . 8

1 2 3 4 .5 «"

Second joint of posterior foot-jaws with a row of very fine cilia on the upper margin;

SECOND SEKIES.^ZOOLOGY, VOL. VI. 13

98 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

both the two joints and the terminal claws appear to be otherwise destitute of spines or setas.

Outer branches of first pair of swimming-feet 2-jointed, fully half the length of the first

joint of the inner branches, the joints subequal ; the length of the first joint of the

inner branch is equal to nearly four times its breadth ; the terminal claw is stout, and

fully two-tliirds the length of the first joint and nearly twice and a half the length of

the second (fig. 34). The inner branches of the fourth pair, which are scarcely equal in

length to the first joint of the outer branches, are composed of two nearly equal joints

— the first being the smaller of the two and possessing a moderately long seta on its inner

edge; the last joint is furnished with two coarsely plumose terminal setae and a similar

seta on the inner and outer margin ; the joints of the 3-jointed outer branches are subequal

in length, but the middle one is the shortest of the three (fig. 35). The second joint of the

fifth pair, which is considera1)ly smaller than the basal joint, is broader at the distal than

the proximal end, and furnished with six setae round the exteriorly oblique apex ; the

basal joint is somewhat truncate at the apex and provided with three plain apical setse

and two coarsely plumose setae on the lower portion of the inner margin (fig. 36). Caudal

stylets about equal in length to the last abdominal segment and comparatively wide apart.

Each stylet is furnished with one long and stout and a few small setae ; the length of the

principal seta is equal to about once and a half the combined length of the stylet and

last abdominal segment, and has the extremity curved outwards (fig. 34).

JIahilat. In a shore gatliering at Accra, collected January IGth.

Genus Cletodes, Brady (1872).

Cktodes, Brady, Nat. Hist. Traus. Northumb. & Durham, 1872.

Lilljeborffia, Clans, Die Copeijodcii-Fauna von Nizza, 1866.

Orthopsi/lliis, Brady & Robertson, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Ilist. vol. xii. 1873.

Cletodes linearis (Glaus). (PL XII. figs. 29-32.)

1866. Lilljeborffia linearis, Claus, Die Copepoden-Fauna von Nizza, p. 22, t. ii. figs. 1-8.

1873. Orthopsijlhs linearis, B. & R., Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xii. p. 138.

1880. Cletodes linearis, Brady, Brit. Copep. vol. ii. p. 95, pi. Ixsx. figs. 1-14.

Habitat. Accra, in a shore gathering, collected January IGth. Loanda Harbour, in a

surface tow-net gathering, collected February 13th.

This species, though numerically scarce, appears to have an extensive distribution.

In 'British Co]:)epoda' Professor Brady records it from Scilly Islands, also from Newry

and Roundstone, Ireland, and Glaus has recorded it from Nice.

Subfamily HARPACTiciNyE, Boeck (in part).

Oversigt Norges Copepoder, 1864.

Genus Dacttlopus, Glaus (18G3).

Dactylopus, Clans, Die t'reilebenden Copepodeu, 1863.

Dactylopus, Brady, British Copepoda, 1880.

niOM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 99

Dactylopus latipes, n. sp. (PL X. figs. 38-43.)

Length 1-25 mm. (l-20th of an inch). Body moderately robust. Fii'st segment of the

cephalothorax once and a half the entire length of the other fom* segments; rostrum

sliglitly curved, stout, of moderate length. Anterior autennte short, stout, 9-jointed ;

first joint large, the fourth provided with a long sensory filament ; the proportional lengths

of the joints nearly as in the formula : —

^5 . 8 . 7 . e . ^ . A . 2 . l . S

1 2 3 4 o tj 7 S i)'

Second foot-jaws short and stout ; a plumose seta springs from near the inner distal

angle of the first joint ; the inner margin of the second joint is ciliate, and a small seta

springs from the side and near the middle of the same joint (fig. 10) ; the terminal claw

is provided Avith a slender seta near the base. Pirst pair of swimming-feet nearly as in

Dactylopus tishoides, Clans. The fifth pair consists of large foliaceous plates jmrtly

overlapping each other and forming, apparently, a kind of ovigerous pouch for the pro-

tection of the ova (fig. 42 ; see also fig. 38). Abdominal segments fringed with small

teeth ; their general surface is also more or less hispid. Caudal stylets about equal in

length to the last abdominal segment and rather longer than broad. The inner of

the two principal tail-setai is equal to the entire length of the abdomen and stylets.

Hahitut. Accra, in a shore gatliering with Dacfijloims prophiquus, Lauphonte serrata,

Stenhella, &c., collected January 16th.

Dactylopus propinqui's, n. sp. (PI. X. figs. 44-52; PL XI. figs. 1-3.)

Female. Length '5 mm. (l-50tli of an inch). Body moderately stout. Anterior

antennae short and stout, 6-jointed ; the upper portion is produced and forms the base of

a long sensory filament. The annexed formula shows the proportional lengths of the

joints : —

8 . 5 . 8 . 2 . 4 . r,

12 3 4 5 0

Posterior antennae nearly as in Dactylopus tishoides, Claus (PL X. fig. 47). The first joint

of the posterior foot-jaws bears two small spinous seta; on the inner margin and another

at the inner distal angle ; a row of small spinous setae extends diagonally from near the

outer edge at the proximal end to the upj)er edge near the distal end of the second joint ;

the terminal claw is stout and provided wdth a small seta on its inner aspect. The outer

branches of the first swimming-feet consist of three nearly equal joints — the middle one

being somewhat shorter than the first or third, the last two joints of the inner branches

very short and armed with one stout terminal claAV and a long seta ; the exterior margin

of both the last two joints bears several small spiuiform teeth (fig. 49). The inner

branches of the second, third, and fourth pairs are somewhat shorter than those of

Dactylopus Stromii (Baird), but otherwise they resemble very closely the same swimming-

feet of that species. The second joint in the fifth pair, which does not extend much

beyond the apex of the basal joint, is subquadrangular in outline and furnished with five

13*

100 Mil. T. SCOTT OX ENTOMOSTRACA

long sette on its outer nearly straight marg-in, and another on the inner lateral margin;

the hroadly triangular portion oi' the basal joint hears one apical and two suhapical

stout plain seta?, and two slender setse spring from the anterior margin (fig. 50). Caudal

stylets very short, fringed with long slender serrse ; the longer of the tAvo principal terminal

setae is fully twice the length of the abdomen. Ovisacs two.

Habitat. Accra, in a shore gathering collected January 16th. Off Sao Thome

Island, in a tow-net gathering from 20 fathoms, collected January 23rd, and in a

tow-net gathering from a lagoon by the shore of Sao Thome Island, collected

January 23rd.

A form, which is probably the male of the Dactylopus now described, occurs in the

same gatherings with it. The only important difference is in the anterior antennae,

which are somewhat longer and 8-joiuted ; they are hinged between the fifth and sixth

joints. But though the anterior auteuuse of the male usuallj^ consist of the same

number of joints as in the female, and frequently of a fewer number, it occasionally

happens that they are composed of more joints — as, for instance, in I/i/ojysi/Ilns coriaceus

(Brady and Bobertson *) and Ilyopsi/llns ajjiiiis, described in this Report, in both of

which the male antennai consist of a greater number of joints than those of the female.

The first swimming-feet of the male of Dactylopus projjinquus are similar to those of

the female already described ; the second pair resemble those of the male of Dactylopus

Stroma (Baird). The first abdominal segment is provided with a pair of trispinose

appendages as shown in PL XL fig. 3 (see also PI. X. fig. 41).

Genus Thalestris, Claus.

Thalestris, Claus, Die freilebenden Copepodeu, p. 128 (1863).

Thalestris forpicula, Claus. (PI. XII. figs. 33-11.)

1863. Tlialeslris forjicula, Claus, Die freilebenden Copepoden, p. 131, pi. xvii. figs. 7-11.

Habitat. In a shore gathering from Accra, collected January 16th.

The length ("5 mm.) of the ' Buccaneer ' specimen is less than that stated by Claus,

which is 'S mm. The anterior antennae are 8-jointed ; the relative lengths of the joints

being nearly as shown by the annexed formula : —

9.8.6.5.4.4.3.4

12 3 4 5 6 7 8'

The secondary branch of postei'ior antennae 2-joiuted. First pair of swimming-feet

elongate, the inner branches considerably longer than the outer ; terminal claws short and

stout. Inner branches of the second, third, and fourth pairs shorter than the outer

branches : in the fourth pair the inner branches reach only to about the end of the second

joint of the outer branches, while the outer branches are long and slender, Avith a long

slender terminal sjiine, ciliate on the outer edge (fig. 39). Second joint of the fifth pair

* Brit. Copep. vol. ii. pi. Ixxxii. fig. 4.

FROM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 10]

elongate, larg-cr tlian the basal joint and furnished with six plain setae — two apical, two

suhapical, and two on tlui lower half of the outer margin (fig. 10). Caudal stylets very

short ; the basal part of the principal caudal setae is distinctly g-il)bous, as shown in

fig. 41. Clans also, op. cit., describes and figures this character of the tail-setae. He

obtained Thalestris fovficula at Messina.

Genus Ilyopsyllus, Brady & Eobertson.

IlyopsyUus, Brudy & llobcrtsou. Aim. & Mag. Nat. Hist. s. 4, vol. xii. p. 132 (1873).

Ilyopsyllus affinis, n. sp. (PI. XI. figs. 4-17.)

Length "5 mm. Body tumid, .similar in form to Ilijopsyllus coriaceus, B. & E,. ;

rostrum broadly triangular, furcate at the apex.

Anterior antenna? S-jointed in the female, 8-jointed in the male ; the produced upper

distal portion of the dilated liasal joint is more or less hispid and furnished with several

spiniform seta? ; a curved fold fringed with long stout serrse occurs near the distal end

of the base, and extends from the upper margin downwards about two-thirds the breadth

of the joint. In the female the three apical joints are of nearly equal length. The

proportional lengths of the joints are nearly as shown in the formula : —

Female : 20 . 10 . 8 . 7 . 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

llalc : 8 . 20 . 5 . t) . 7 . lU . 0 . .5

The third and fourth joints in the male are each provided with a long " olfactory "

appendage, as are also the female antennae, and these olfactory filaments appear to have a

small joint near the proximal end, as shown by the figs. 4 and 5 ; posterior antennte and

mandibles nearly as in Ilyopsijllus coriaceus. Eig. 10 represents what appear to be

the maxillae and oral aperture. Figs. 11 and 12 represent what appear to be the

anterior and posterior foot-jaws as observed in the dissections of the animal. The first

four pairs of swimming-feet resemble those of Ilyopsyllus coriaceus, except that the

middle joint of the outer branches of the first pair is somewhat longer than either the

first or third joints. Fifth pair small, simple, obliquely truncate at the apex, with the

lateral angles somcAvhat produced and bearing each a smtill spiniform seta, and a

similar seta springs from the distal half of the outer margin ; a transverse curved row

of small spines extends nearly across the basal part of each foot (lig. 15). Abdominal

segments fringed with stout cilia. Caudal stylets short, breadth about equal to the

length, each furnished with two very short set;© and a long one, which is slightly

spathulate at the base.

Habitat. In a shore lagoon at Sao Thome Island, among species of Conferva.

102 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

Genus Harpacticus, Milne-Edwards (1838).

Harpacticus chelifer, ?var. (PI. XII. figs. 42-46.)

1776. Cyclops chelifer, Miiller, Zool. Dan. Prodr. 2413 ; Entomostraca, p. Hi, t. xix. figs. 1-3.

1850. Arpacticus, Baird, Brit. Entom. p. 212, t. xxix. figs. 2, 3, 3 a-g.

1863. Harpacticus, Clans, Die freilebendeu Copcpoden, p. 135, t. xix. figs. 12-19.

1880. Harpacticus, Brady, Brit. Copep. vol. ii. p. 146, pi. Ixv. figs. 1-15, pi. Ixiv. figs. 10, 11.

A form of Harjiacticus closely resembling Harpacticus chelifer was obtained in a

shore gathering collected at Accra, January 16th, and in a tow-net gathering from

185 fathoms at Station 23, collected February 5th.

The chief point of difference seems to be the absence of the curved spines or " claws "

on the inner distal margin of the last joint of the posterior foot-jaws ; the inner margin

of these foot-jaws is also not concave as in S. chelifer, but in all other respects the

' Buccaneer ' specimens closely resemble that species.

Genus Miracia, Dana.

Miracia, Dana, Proceed. Amer. Acad. Sci. 1849.

Miracia efferata, Dana.

Habitat. Station 2, 50 fathoms, January 1st (night collection). Station 9, surface,

25 and 50 fathoms, Jahuary 10th (day collections). Station 14, 10 fatlioms, January

21st (night collection). Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E., 10 to 360 fathoms,

January 22ud (day collections). Lat. G" 3' 3" S., long. 11° 7' 5" E., surface, Eebruary 8th

(day collection).

This Miracia was observed in 49 tow-nettings, 18 of which were surface and 31 under-

surface gatherings. The uuder-surface gatherings were from 3 to 360 fathoms, 8 of the

surface and 21 of the under-surface tow-nettings were day collections, while 10 surface

and 10 under-surface were night collections, as shown by the formula : —

f 8 day collections.

rl8 surface \ ^i^ • w ivi

m i.i.- ,n) ^10 nm'ht ditto.

Tow-nettings 49 < ^

tsi under-surface ( 21 day ditto.

1 10 night ditto.

It was of frequent occurrence in several of the gatherings, and many of the specimens

carried ovisacs.

MlKACIA MINOR, u. sp. (PL XI. figs. 18-30.)

Length -93 mm. General form as of Miracia efferata, but not half the size. Anterior

antennce 8-jointed, slender in the female ; the proportional lengths of the joints are as

follows : —

IS . 15 . 13 . lit . 14 . 20 . 11 . 15

FEOM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 103

The joints bear from, one to four setae each, except the last, which has one on the

upper and four on the lower side ; it has also three terminal sette. The seta wliich

springs from the upper distal angle of the third joint is longer than those on the other

joints except the last, and a long sensory filament springs from the upper distal angle

of the fourth joint. In the male antennae the first three joints are short, the third being

shorter than either of the other two ; the fourtli is dilated and longer than the

preceding three together ; the fittli is short ; the sixth long and slender ; the seventh

is very small ; the eishtli a little longer than the seventh and furnished with four

terminal seta} ; the male antenna} hinged between the fifth and sixth joints. The

following are the proportional lengths of the joints : —

10 . 9 . 4 . 24 . 9 . 11 . 2 . 5

1234 5 678

Posterior antenna} 4-jointed — the last joint as long as the preceding two together,

and ciliated along one of its margins. A small 1-jointed secondary appendage, furnished

with two stout terminal setaj and a few marginal cilia, springs from the end of the

second joint. Mouth-organs as in Mlracia efferata, except that the posterior foot-jaws are

3-jointcd and nearly alike in both sexes, but that of the male has a longer terminal claw ;

in neither, however, is the terminal claw so short as in Miracia efferata. The first pair

of swimming-feet has the inner branches scarcely so long as the outer ones ; the second

joint of the outer branches is furnished with a moderately long plumose hair on the inner

distal angle ; the inner margin is fringed with short stoixt settc, as are also the ends of

the first and second joints. The second pair in the female resembles the third and

fourth pairs, but are rather smaller. The inner branches of the second jiair in the male

are 2-jointed ; the last joint bears one short terminal spine, and one on the lower half of

the outer margin ; on the inner margin are two long plumose hairs. The third and fourth

pairs are similar in both sexes ; the inner branches being shorter than the outer ; all the

joints of botli branches are fringed with hairs on the external margin ; the inner distal

angle of the last joint bears a long, slender, non-plumose hair (or spine). The fifth feet

small, foliaceous, 2-jointed ; the proximal joint in the male is armed with two spinous setae ;

the distal bears one long setiferous spine and two short spines, also a small hair on the

inner aspect, as shown in the figure. In the female the proximal joint is armed with

one long setiferous spine and four small spinous setjie (one of which is very minute) ;

the distal joint is somewhat cylindrical in form, and is furnished with several setiferous

spines at the extremity. Abdomen in the male 5-, in the female i-jointed — the first

two joints being coaleseent in the female. The posterior margin of the last three

segments, in both sexes, fringed with small spinous seta}. Caudal stylets rather longer

than the last abdominal segment, each furnished with one moderately long setiferous

and two shorter spines, besides several spinous setae on the outer aspect near the middle

of the stylet. At the extremity are one long and stout and one short setiferous spine

and a number of spinous setee ; the long terminal setiferous spine is fully half as Ion"-

again as the stylet.

104 MR. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTRACA

Hahitat. Station 23, 235 fathoms, February 5th (day collection).

Several speciniens, a few carrying ovisacs, vv'ere ohtainecl in this gathering, which

was the only one in which Miracla minor was observed. It differs from both Dana's

species, especially in the number and proportional lengths of the joints of the anterior

antennae.

Genus Machairopus, Brady.

Machairopus, Erady, Report on the ' Challenger' Coj^epoda, 1883.

Machairopus idyoides, Brady.

1883. Machairopus idyoides, Brady, Report ■ Cliallenger ' Copep. p. 101, pi. xli. figs. 1-12.

Habitat. The shore of Sao Thome Island, January 31st (day collection).

This collection, which contained a very small quantity of weed and sand, yielded a

number of Sarpacticidm, including two specimens of the Machairopus. The ' Challeuger '

specimens (" two or three only were found ") were from Betsy Cove, Kergueien Island.

The full and carefully figured details which accompany the description of this species

make its identification comparatively easy and certain.

Genus JEgisthus, Giesbrecht, 1891.

JEffisthus, Giesbrecht, Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel (Pelagisehe Copepoden), p. 573 (1892).

Thaumatopsytlus * , Scott, MS. name, 1892.

Body slender, elongate, and with a more or less sharp-pointed rostrum. Anterior

antennfe slender, in the female about equal in length to the first body - segment,

6-jointed ; in the male the anterior anteunjB are longer, and consist of a greater number

of joints. Posterior antennae somewhat similar to those of Iliracia, 3-jointed, and with

a small 1-jointed secondary branch. Mandibles well develojjed, the broad biting apex

irregularly toothed ; mandible-palp (?) absent or very rudimentary. Posterior foot-jaws

5-jointed, the three apical joints very small; a long, stout, curved spine springs from the

inner distal angle of the second joint ;. in the male the posterior foot-jaws are smaller

than those of the female. Both branches of the first four pairs of swimming-feet

3-jointed and of nearly equal length ; in the first pair in the female the articulation

between the second and third joints is imperfect and indistinct. Fifth pair simple,

1-brauched, 1- (or indistinctly 2-) jointed in the female; distinctly 2-jointed in the male.

The tail-seta3 of the species for which the genus is instituted are extremely long, and

may or may not form a generic character. {Note. — ^Tliis description was written before I

saw Giesbrecht's worlc.)

jEgisthus longirostris, n. sp. (PI. XI. figs. 31-44)

Body elongate, slender, gradually tapering towards the posterior end ; forehead

produced into a long pointed rostrum. Caudal stylets short, each terminating in an

*

Oavpariis, ■wonderful ; ;f t>XAos, a flea.

FEOM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 105

extremely long, slender, jointed, setiferous sjiine, bearing a plumose seta at its extremity

(fig. 31). Length, exclusive of caudal spines, 2-4 mm. ; Icngtli to the extremity of the

caudal spines 12-5 mm. (J an inch). Anterior antennae (female) slender, about equal in

length to the first cephalothoracic segment, 6-jointed, sparingly setiferous, penultimate

joint very short. The upper distal end of the first joint is produced to form a broadly

conical tooth provided with an apical seta. A long " olfactory " appendage springs from

the end of the third joint. The relative lengths of the joints are nearly as follows : —

10 ■ 12 ■ 13 . 8 . 1 . 3

1 2 3 4 5 6'

Anterior antennse of the male very long aud slender, fully twice the length of tliose

of the female, 7-jointed, penultimate joint extremely long ; the olfactory appendage that

springs from the distal half of the fourth joint and the principal apical seta are also very

long. The annexed formula shows the relative lengths of the joints : —

12 . 13 . 5 . 15 . 6 . 38 ■ 12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ■

Both the male and female antenntB are geniculate between the first and second joints

(fig. 3i). Second and third joints of the posterior antennae elongate : secondary branch

very short, with two apical setae. Mandibles broad, with the truncate distal end

irregularly toothed and bearing a pectinate stout seta at the outer angle (fig. 36) ; no

trace of a palp was observed. The maxillae have a well-developed biting part aud a

small secondary appendage bearing three apical setae. Anterior foot-jaws small ; first

joint armed with two stout spines, setose on both edges, and a small spine and a seta ;

the very small terminal point bears three apical setae. The last three joints of the

second foot-jaws are very small and furnished with several long setae ; the inner distal

portion of the elongate second joint is produced and forms the base of a long, stout,

curved spine ; there is a small setiferous process on the inner margin of the proximal

end (fig. 39). The posterior foot-jaws in the male are somewhat similar to those of the

female, but smaller and less setiferous (fig. 40). The middle joint of the second, third,

and fourth pairs of swimming-feet shorter than the first or third ; the marginal spines

of the outer branches stout, dagger-shaped, and serrate on both margins ; terminal spines

elongate, falcate, serrate on the outer edge, the inner edge ciliate. Fifth pair of feet

simple, each foot armed with three long dagger-shaped spines on the outer margin and

two at the apex : both edges of these spines are serrate except near the base : there are

two plumose setae near the middle of the inner margin, and a plain seta near the base of

the outer margin of each foot, as shown in fig. 48.

Hahitat. In a tow-net gatliering from 360 fathoms. Lat. 1° 65' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E.,

collected January 22nd ; and in tow-net gatherings from 185 fathoms and 235 fathoms,

Station 23, collected February 5th.

Several specimens of this remarkable species were obtained. They do not agree with

^gisthus aculeatus, Giesbrecht, — e. y. the fifth pan- of thoracic feet, &c.

SECOND SERIES. — ZOOLOGY, VOL. VI. 14

106 ME. T. SCOTT OX ENTOMOSTEACA

Genus Clytemnestra, Dana.

Clytemnestra, Dana, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. 1849.

Goniojjsyl/us, Brady, Report ' Challenger/ Copepoda, 1883.

Goniopelte, Claus, Arb. Zool. Inst. Wien, 1889.

Saphir, L. Car. 1890.

Head and first thoracic segment coalescent. Forehead usually subrostrate. The

joints of the cephalothorax much constricted in front, dilated behind so as to form

jirominent lateral triangular processes. Anterior antennee 6- to 8-jointed, geniculate in

the male. Posterior antennae 3(or 4 ?)-jointed ; secondary branch wanting, or very

small and rudimentary. Mandible slender, apex obscurely digitiform ; the palp absent

or very rudimentary. Maxillae also rudimentary. Anterior foot-jaw small, clawed at

the apex. Posterior foot-jaw elongate, 2- or 3-jointed; terminal claw, in the male, long

and powerful, in the female small. First pair of swimming-feet 2-branched, inner

branch 3-jointed, the outer with one to three joints. The second, third, and fourth

pairs nearly alike, 2-branched, both branches 3-jointcd. Feet of fifth pair 1-branched,

the branches similar and 1-jointed, and the same in both sexes.

Clytemnestra rostrata (Brady). (PL XII. figs. 47-57 ; PI. XIII. figs. 1-3.)

188.3. Goniopsyllus rostratus, Brady, Report on the ' Challenger ' Copepoda, p. 107, pi. xlii. figs. 9-16.

1849. Clytemnestra (?) scuteUata, Dana, Proc. Amer. Acad. Science.

1860. Clytemnestra (?) tenuis, Lubbock, Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xxiii. p. 180, pi. xxix. figs. 6, 7.

1889. (?) Goniopelte gracilis, CLaus, ArlD. Zool. Inst. Wien, t. ix.

Length about 1-25 mm. The body is usually more or less curved inwards. The fore-

head is subtruncate, with middle part produced forward so as to form a prominent rostrum.

Postero-lateral angles of the tirst four thoracic segments extended backward into

angular jirocesses ; the last thoracic segment smaller than either the preceding one or

the first al)dominal segment, its postero-lateral angles not produced. Abdomen 5-jointed

in the male, 4-jointed in the female ; the first abdominal segment in the female composed

of two coalescent segments, with usually a pellucid spot in the median dorsal line

(PI. XII. fig. 48). Body, seen dorsally, elongate, narrow, and tapering gradually from

the head backwards. Caudal stylets short, about as long as the last abdominal segment,

each furnished with a few short marginal hairs, and in the male with two long plumose

terminal setse. The plumose setae are wanting in the female and are replaced by two or

three plain and very small hairs. Anterior antennae in both male and female 7-jointed,

the proportional lengtlis of the segments being nearly as follows : —

Male. 12 . 19 . 6 . 22 . 3 . 18 . 25

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Female. 12 . 20 . KJ . 15 . 15 . 17

The anterior antennae of both male and female are sparingly setiferous. There is a

hair-like filament on the upper margin and near the middle of the third joint in both

sexes, while the upper distal angle of the fourth segment and the extremity of the last

FEOM THE GULF OF GUmEA. 107

bear each two similar filaments or " sensory liairs," one of which on both seg-mcnts is

longer and stouter than the other. In the male the third (?) and last joints are hinged,

and the fifth hears a spiuiform ajipendage. The posterior antennte are of moderate length

and 3-jointed (Clans says 4-jointed, and the hasal joint of some of the ' Buccaneer '

specimens has a faint line, requiring the |-inch objective to see it, crossing the basal

segment near the middle, which may be a pseudo-joint ; hut there are certainly only

three distinct jo'mts in all of the ' Buccaneer' specimens examined), having at the distal

end of the first segment a 1-jointed rudimentary branch bearing two long terminal

plumose setae. The lower margin and the distal half of the surface of the last segment

of the primary branch is setose ; the upper edge of the same segment hears one, and at

the extremity five setae. Mandibles small, basal part somewhat dilated, the upper part

slender, with the extremity furcate or obscurely digitiform; the mandible-palp absent or

very rudimentary (no palp was observed in any of the ' Buccaneer ' specimens, though

they were dissected with the greatest possible care). Maxillae rudimentary, bearing two

terminal spiniforni seta?, and one seta near the middle of the basal part. Anterior foot-

jaws small ; the end joint with three terminal spiniform setae, the middle one being the

longest. Thei-e is at the end of the basal segment a lu-oportionally large marginal

process bearing thi-ee terminal spinif or tn hairs, which imparts to the anterior foot-jaws the

appearance as if they were 2-branched; a long, slender, marginal hair springs from

the i^roximal half of the basal joint. Posterior foot-jaws in the male large, composed of

two long segments and a long, curved, terminal claw, nearly as long as the second

joint, and forming a powerful prehensile organ ; the upj^er margin of the second

joint is finely serrate. The jjosterior foot-jaw in the female, which is also 2-jointed

(PI. XII. tig. 50), is shorter and more slender than that of the male, the terminal claw

being also short and feeble, the length of the whole ajjpendage being little, if at all,

longer than the first joint of the male cxppendage (Prof. Brady describes, loc. cit., the

posterior foot-jaws as possessing a rudimentary third joint, but no such joint was observed

in the ' Buccaneer ' specimens). First pair of swimming-feet 2-branched, inner branches

3-jointed, the last joint being the shortest ; outer branches 1-jointed, rather longer than

the first joint of the iimer branches. All the joints are furnished with long plumose

hairs ; a single plumose hair springs from the outer margin of the second basal joint.

Second, third, and fourth pairs nearly alike, also 2-branched, both branches 3-jointed,

joints subequal ; the outer branches rather shorter than the inner ones, all well furnished

with long plumose setae. Fifth pair of feet 1-branched, 2-jointed, slender, the second

joint twice the length of the first, bearing a long, slender, setiferous, terminal spine, and

a similar one on the iimer margin near the extremity of the joint; four short spinous

hairs spring at irregular intervals along the outer margin ; there is also a slender hair on

the outer margin and near the distal end of the first joint. The preceding description

of the five pairs of feet applies to both sexes. Ova not apparently enclosed in a sac, but

forming a single cluster somewhat similar to that of Eaclueta marina.

Habitat. Station 2, surface, January 1st (night tow-netting). Station 9, 50 fathoms,

14*

108 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

January 10th (day tow-netting). Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E., 460 fathoms,

January 22nd (day tow-netthig). Station 23, 10, 185, 235 fathoms, February 5th, &c.

(day tow-nettings, and a surface night tow-netting).

This interesting species was obtained in 81 tow-nettings, 16 of these being surface and

15 under-surface collections. One of the surface and 9 of the under-surface tow-

nettings were day collections, while 15 surface and 6 under-surface were night collections,

as shown in the formula : —

r 1 day collection.

rl6 surface | 15 uigi^t coUections.

Tow-nettings 31^ . 9 day ditto.

(^ lo under-surface < •'

I 6 night ditto.

The under-surface tow-nettings ranged from 3 to 460 fathoms.

Clytemnestra rosfrata was of more or less frequent occurrence in nearly all the tow-

nettings in which it w^as observed. Siiecimens carrying ova were not uncommon in some

of the collections.

The form here described, including its real and supposed varieties, has been the

subject of a good deal of misunderstanding and controversy, due in great part to the

meagreness and insufficiency of Dana's description and figures. Nevertheless, after

having carefully dissected and examined a large number of specimens, I have no doubt

whatever that the species under consideration belongs to Dana's Clytemnestra, and I

hesitate to ascribe it to his Clytemnestra scutellata only because of the difference in

number of the joints of the inner branches of the first pair of swimming-feet, which in

C. scutellata, as described by Dana, are 3-jointcd, but which in the ' Buccaneer' specimens

are 1-jointed; and also because of the very marked difference in the form of the dorsal

aspect between the ' Buccaneer ' specimens and Dana's figure of Clytemnestra scutellata.

Dana's figure represents the thoracic as decidedly broader than the abdominal part of the

body, whereas the form of the ' Buccaneer ' specimens is elongate-narrow, with the breadth

gradually diminishing from the head to the last abdominal segment, and in this

respect they agree with Goniopsyllus rostratus, Brady, and Goniopelte gracilis, Clans.

Further, the ' Buccaneer' specimens differ from GoniopsyUus rostratus, as, figured and

described by Prof. Brady in the ' Challenger ' Report, in two important points : first, the

posterior antennse of the ' Buccaneer ' specimens possess a rudimentary but yet distinct

secondary branch bearing two plumose hairs, while in Goniopsyllus rostratus the secondary

branch is wanting, being represented by a single plumose hair attached to the end of

the basal joint of the primary branch ; second, the inner branches of the first pair of

swimming-feet in Goniopjsyllus rostratus are described as 3-jointed, whereas in the

' Buccaneer ' si)ecimens they are only 1-joiuted, and are so in both the male and female.

On the other hand, the species described and figured by Prof. Claus as Goniopelte gracilis

agrees, so far as I can make out, in every essential particular with the ' Buccaneer '

specimens, so that the ' Buccaneer ' specimens appear to belong to Goniopelte gracilis,

Claus, rather than to Goniopsyllus rostratus, Brady.

In an interesting paper by Prof. Claus in the ' Zoologischcr Anzeiger,' No. 378

FROM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 109

(Nov. 30, 1891), he discusses somewhat fully the classification of the species now under

consideration, as well as that of its allied forms, and also the various opinions expressed

by different writers bearing on tlie same question. In this paper Prof. Clans shows, more

or less conclusively, that Sai^phir rosti^atus, L. Car., is synonymous with Goniopsyllus

rostratus, Brady, and also that Chjtemnestra Uendorffi, Poppe, is equivalent to Goniopelte

gracilis, Claus. In a concluding uote, referring to the likelihood that Goniopelte may

be synonymous with Goniopsyllus, he says : " But if it is desirable, — which I could not

advise, taking into account the different points, — that the two forms Goniojjelte and

Goniopsyllus should be made only different species of the same genus, Clytemnestra, for

reasons given in my work on Copepods, would not be valid as a generic name. It

must in that case be Goniopsyllus, Bi'ady." With all deference, however, to W'hat

Prof. Claus has stated, I prefer meantime to restore Dana's generic name, Chjtem-

nestra ; for, though his description be imperfect, there need be no uncertainty as to his

figures.

{Note. — The jireccding remarks on Chjtemnestra were written at the close of 1891, and

long before I saw Giesbrecht's Monograph of the Neapolitan Copejjoda.)

Genus Setella, Dana.

Setella, Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped. 1852.

Setella gracilis, Dana.

1852. Setella gracilis, Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped. p. 1198, pi. Ixxxv. figs. 3 a, g.

1883. Setella gracilis, Brady, Report Chall. Copep. p. 108, pi. 1. figs. 1-10.

Habitat. — Station 2, 5 fathoms, January 1st (night collection). Station 9, 50 fathoms,

January 10th (night collection). Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E., 460 fathoms,

January 22nd (day collection). Station 18, surface, Pebruary 3rd (day collection).

Lat. 6" 47' 5" S., long. 11" 30' 6" E., surface, February 8th (day collection), etc.

Setella gracilis was obtained in 85 tow-nettings, 31 of which were surface and 51

under-surface gatherings. The under-surface gatherings were from various depths, from

2-| to 460 fathoms. 11 of the surface and 34 of the under-surface tow-nettings were

collected during the day, and 23 of the surface and 17 under-surface w^ere night collec-

tions, as shown by the formula : —

11 day collections.

34 surface

{.

... n^ , l23 nisht ditto.

Tow-nettmgs 8o ^ r o . i ' t

( 51 under-surface | 3* "'^^ ^^i^*"-

1 17 night ditto.

A considerable proportion of the specimens carried ovisacs. The size of the specimens

varied sufficiently to lead me to think that there were more than one species of Setella

in the collection ; but careful dissection showed little, if any, structural diflPerence

among the specimens, and any structural difference observed was easily accounted for by

difference in maturity or sex.

110 MR. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTRACA

Section II. P(ECIL0ST03fA, Thorell.

Family COEYCiEID^, Dana.

Genus Cortc^eus, Dana.

Corycmiis, Dana, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelpliia, 1845.

Corijc<eus, Brady, Report ou the Copepoda of the ' Challenger ' Expedition, 1883.

CoKTC^us VARius, Dana.

1852. Corycaus varius, Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped. p. 1211, pi. Ixxxv. figs. 4 a-i.

1856. Corycaus styliferus, Lubbock, Trans. Entom. Soc. iv. N. S. pi. v. figs. 7, 8.

1863. Corycatts furcifer, Glaus, Die freilebenden Copep. p. 157, pi. xxiv. figs. 7-12.

1883. CoryccBus varius, Brady, Report Chall. Copepoda, p. Ill, pi. lii. figs. 1-14.

Habitat. Station 2, 25 fathoms, January 1st (night collection). Station 9, 50 fathoms,

January 10th (day collection). Lat. 1° 56' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E., 460 fathoms,

January 22n(l (day collection). Station 18, surface, February 3rd (day collection).

Bananah Creek, Congo River, surface, February 7th (day collection), »&c.

This CoryccEus was obsei'ved in 110 tow-nettings, comprising 48 surface and 62 uuder-

surface gatherings. The under-surface gatherings ranged in depth from 2 to 400

fathoms. 23 of the surface and 44 of the under-surface tow-nettings were day collections,

while 25 surface and 18 under-surface were uight collections, as shown by the annexed

formula : —

r 23 day collections.

... ^_r48 surface { 25 night ditto.

Tow-nettmgs 110< > ,, , =' ,.^^

162 under-surface 1^^ ^^^^ ^^^tto.

I- 18 night ditto.

This was the most common species of Corycceus in the collection, both as regards its

general distribution throughout the area examined and its frequency in the tow-nettings

in which it occurred.

Corycaus pellucidus, Dana.

1852. Cory cceus pellucidus, Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped. p. 1224, pi. Ixxxvi. fig. G.

1863. Coryceeus rostratus, Claus, Die freilebenden Copepoden, p. 157, pi. xxviii. fig. 5.

1883. Cory ccEus pellucidus, Brady, Report Chall. Copep. p. 112, pi. lii. figs. 15-19.

Habitat. Station 2, 50 fathoms, January 1st (night collection). Station 9, surface,

25 and 50 fathoms, January 10th (day collections). Lagoon, Sao Thome Island, surface,

January 27th (one day and one niglit collection). Station 18, surAice, February 3rd

(day collection). Lat. 7° 38' S., long. 12" 3' 3" E., surface, February 9th (night

collection), &c.

This Coryceeus, which was a moderately common species in the collection, occurred

FEOM THE GULF OF GUINEA. Ill

in 81 of the tow-nettiugs, wliich comprised 42 surface aud 3i) iinder-surface gatherings.

The under-surface tow-nettings ranged in depth from 2 to 360 fathoms. 15 of the

surface and 30 under-surface tow-nettings were day collections, while 27 surface and 9

under-surface were night collections, as shown in the formula :—

r 15 day collections,

r -12 surface { 37 ^^.^ ditto.

Tow-ncttmgs 81 < ^„^ 1 ■,-,,

1 39 under-surface / ^0 day ditto.

(. 9 night ditto.

The distrihution of Corycceus pelbicidus was co-extensive "with the area examined.

The long spine-like and strongly setiferous hairs of the posterior foot-jaws form an easily

recognized character of this species.

CoRTC^us LIMBATUS, Brady.

1883. Conjcceus Umbatus, Brady, Report Chall. Copep. p. 114, pi. xlix. figs. 18-22.

Habitat. Station 2, night collection. January 1st. Station 9, 50 fathoms, January 10th

(day collection). Station 11, 10 fjxtlioms, January 19th (day collection). Lagoon, Sfio

Thome Island, surface, January 27th (night collection). Lat. 7° 38' S., long. 12° 3' 3" E.,

surface, February 9th (night collection), &c.

Corycceus Umbatus was obtained in 25 tow-nettings, 10 of which were surface and 15

under-surface gatherings. The dejith of the under-surface toAv-nettings ranged from

2| to 50 fathoms, exclusive of two, one of which was from 260 fathoms and one from

360 fathoms. 4 of the surface and 10 of the under-surface tow-nettings — including the

two specially referred to — were day collections, while 6 of the surface and 5 of the under-

surface were night collections, as shown by the formula : —

4 day collections.

f 4 day collect:

10 surface | 6 night ditto

{'I

Tow-nettings 25 , ,^ ,

[15 under-surface f 10 ^^y^^itto.

5 night ditto.

This Corycceus, though generally distributed over the area examined, was nevertheless

a comparatively rare species, only a few specimens at most being observed in any one

of the tow-nettings in which it occurred.

CoKYC^us VENUSTUS, Dana.

1852. Corycmis venusfus, Dana, Crust. U. S. Expl. Exped. p. 1222, pi. Ixxxvi. figs. 4 a-d.

1883. Corycmis renu.stus,V,xa.Ay, Report Chall. Copep. p. 115, pi. liv. figs. 8-10.

Habitat. Station 2, surface, January 1st (night collection). Station 9, surface and

25 fathoms, January 10th (day collections). Lat. 1 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E., 30 and

460 fathoms, January 22nd (day collections). Lat. 6 23' 3" S.,long. 11° 3' 8" E., surface,

February 8th (day collection).

This species — one of the rarer of the CorycmidcB in the collection — was obtained in

24 tow-nettings, 13 of which were surface and 11 under-surface gatherings. The

112 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

svxrface tow-nettings comprised 7 day and G night collections, and the under-surface

7 day and 1 night collections, as shown in the formula : —

f 7 day collections.

,,. ^ J 13 surface ( 6 night ditto.

Tow-nettmgs 2i< ^„ -, ,.,,

Ill under-surface (^ ^% ^^^^to.

1. 4 night ditto.

The under-surface tow-nettings included four at 10 fathoms, one at 15 fathoms, one

at 20 fathoms, two at 25 fathoms, one at 30 fathoms, one at 60 fathoms, and one at 160

fathoms.

CoRTC^us sPECiosus, Dana.

1852. Corycfeus speciostis, Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped. p. 1222, pi. lxxx\'i. figs. 4a-d.

1883. CoryccBus speciosus, Brady, Report Chall. Copep. p. 115, pi. liv. figs. 8-10.

Habitat. Station 2, 5, 25, and 50 fathoms, January 1st (night collection). Station 9,

surface, 25 and 50 fathoms, January 10th (day collections). Lat. 1 55' 5" N., long.

5° 55' 5" E., 10, 20, 30, 60, 260, 360, and 160 fathoms, January 22nd (day collections :

the nets were fixed at intervals on a deep-sea line and exposed simultaneously

from 11 A.M. to 2.23 p.m.). Station 23, surface, 10, 20, 135, 185, and 235 fathoms,

February 5th (day collections : nets fixed on deep-sea line and exposed simultaneously

from 11 A.M. to 3.30 p.m.). Lat. T 54' 6" S., long. 12' 11' 7" E., surface, Eebruary 9th

(day collection), &c.

This fine and well-marked species was observed in 86 tow-nettings, 32 of which

were surface and 51 under-surface collections. The depth of the under-surface

tow-nettings ranged from 2 to 460 fathoms. 17 of the surface and 39 of the imder-

surface tow-nettings were day collections, while 15 surface and 15 under-surface were

night collections, as shown in the annexed formula : —

rl7 day collections,

r 32 surface 1 15 night ditto.

Tow-nettings 86 < , ..^ , ,.,,

1 54 under-surface ( "^^ '^""^ '^^^^''^

1 15 nidit ditto.

"a^

o

Corycceus speciosus was one of the more common species of the Gorycceidce observed

in the collection, but it was not obtained in any gathering from localities where the

water was of a decidedly brackish character, as at Bananah Creek. The remarkably

divergent caudal stylets made this an easily recognized species ; several specimens were

obtained with ovisacs.

CoRTC^us OBTUSUS, Dana.

1852. Corycieus obtusus, Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Expcd. p. 1211, pi. Ixxxv. fig. 6.

1857. V Corycceus angUcus, Lubbock, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xx. pi. xi. figs. 14-17.

1883. Coryaeus obtusus, Brady, Report Chall. Copep. p. 116, pi. xlvi. figs. 7-9.

Habitat. Station 2, 50 fathoms, January 1st (night collection). Ofi' Accra, 3 fathoms,

January 16th (day collection). Lagoon, Sao Thome Island, surface, January 27th (night

collection). Loanda Harbour, surface, Eebruary 13tli (day collection).

FKOM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 113

Corycceus ohtusus Avas observecl in 39 tow-nettings, 23 of which were surface and IG

under-surfaee gatherings ; 7 of the surface and 10 of the undor-surface tow-nettings

were collected during the day, while 10 of the surface and 6 of the under-surface were

night collections, as shown in the annexed formula : —

j 7 day collections.

f 23 surface \ -,n „^„k+ a-*.*.^

m j-i- on ) 1 1" night ditto.

Tow-nettings 39 < i. &

(.10 under-surface { ^^^ '^^y '^it^^-

1 0 night ditto.

The under-surface tow-nettings ranged from 2i to 50 fathoms, and one at 185 fatlioms.

The hook-like process at the base and on the under surface of the first abdominal

segment seems to be peculiar to this species and forms one of its distinctive characters.

Genus Copilia, Dana. -^

Copilia, Dana, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. 1849; Brady, Report on the Copepoda

of the ' Challenger' Expedition, 1883.

Copilia mirabilis, Dana.

1852. Copilia mirabilis, Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped. p. 1232, pi. Ixxx. figs. 14 a-g.

1856. Saphirina styUfera, Lubbock, Trans. Entom. Soc. vol. iv. p. 28, pi. iv. figs. 9, 10 ^ .

1863. ? Copilia denticulata, Claus, Die freilebcnden Copepoden, p. 161, pi. xxv. figs. 14-20.

1883. Copilia mirabilis, Brady, Report Chall. Copepoda, p. 117, pi. liii. figs. 1-11.

Habitat. Station 2, surface and 50 fathoms, January 1st (night collection). Station 9,

surface and 25 and 50 fathoms, January 10th (day collection). Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., lono'.

5° 55' 5" E., 10, 20, 30, 60, and 300 fathoms, January 22nd (day collection). Station 23,

surface, February 5th (day collection).

Copilia mirabilis was observed in 70 tow-nettings, 21. of which were surface and 46

under-surface gatherings. The under-surface gatherings ranged in depth from 2 to 300

fathoms. 12 of the surface and 33 of the under-surface tow-nettings were day collections,

while 12 surface and 13 under-surface were night collections, as shown by the annexed

formula : —

f 12 day collections.

..• ,^(24 surface 1 12 night ditto.

Tow-nettings 70 ^ r ^ -, T

(.46 under-surface P3 '% ^^^^to.

1 13 night ditto.

This species was of frequent occurrence in several of the tow-nettings.

Copilia qladeata, Dana.

1849. Copilia quadrata, Dana, Proc. Amer. Acad. Boston, vol. ii.

1866. Sapiiirinella pellucida, Claus, Die Copepoden-Fauna von Nizza.

1892. Copilia quadrata, Giesbrecht, Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel (Pelagische Copepoden),

p. 658, pi. 2. fig. 3, pi. 50. figs. 1, 10, 13, 16, 22, 28, 33, 36, 41.

SECOND SERIES. — ZOOLOGY, VOL. VI. 15

114i MR. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

Uahltat. Station 23 (lat. i^ 26' 7" S., long. 10 1' 8" E.), 30 fathoms, in a tow-net

slathering collected between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m. A few specimens (male and female)

were observed ; they were readily distinguished by being larger and much broader in

proportion to the length than the others.

? COPILIA DENTICULATA, Claus.

1863. Copilia denticulata, Claus, Die freilebenden Copepodcn, p. 161, pi. xxv. figs. 14-20.

One or two specimens ( 2 ) of a Copilia apparently belonging to this species occurred

in a few of the tow-net gatherings along with Copilia mirabilis.

Copilia Pultoni, n. sp. (PI. XI. figs. 15-50 ; PL XII. figs. 1-3.)

Length, including caudal stylets, 5"3 mm. {\j of an inch), the length of the caudal

stylets is about 1"6 mm. The first cephalothoracic segment is equal to about four-tenths

of tlie entire length of the animal, including the stylets. Anterior antennae as in Copilia

mirabilis, Dana, 6-jointed, the proportional lengths of the joints as in the formula : —

40 . 35^ 17^5^. 17_^

1 2 "~3 ^ 5 W

Posterior antennse and mandibles also nearly as in Copilia mirabilis, except that the

third joint of the posterior antennse is scarcely two-thirds the length of the preceding

joint, and tlie marginal spine of the second joint is much smaller than that on the intero-

distal angle of the first joint (PI. XL figs. 47-48). The maxillfe consist each of a single

broadly spatulate joint bearing three apical spines (PI. XL fig. 49). Anterior foot-

jaws stout, 1-joiuted, and provided with two terminal spines and two lateral spiniform

seta3 (PL XL fig, 50). Posterior foot-jaws 2-jointed and armed with a stout, nearly

straight claw (PL XII. fig. 1). SAvimming-feet as in Copilia mirabilis. Fifth pair rudi-

mentary, each consisting of one small joint provided with a terminal spine and two small

setae. The abdomen is 4-jointed and is about equal to the combined length of the

last three thoracic segments ; the postero-distal angles of the first a1)dominal segment

each bear two small spiniform seta?, and the last joint is about equal to the combined

length of the two preceding joints. The second last thoracic segment only is produced

into a median dorsal spine.

Habitat. Station 23, in a tow-net gathering from 30 fathoms, collected February 5th.

Only three specimens were obtained.

The comparatively short posterior abdominal segment distinguishes this species at a

glance from Copilia mirabilis, Dana. It differs from Cojjilia Briicll, I. C. Thompson,

by the evenly rounded outline of the first body-segment, in the proportional length of

the joints of the posterior antenna;, in the second last thoracic segment being produced

into a median dorsal spine, and in the presence of a fifth pair of feet, besides one or two

other points shown by the drawings.

In the Report on the ' Challenger ' Copepoda the abdomen of Copilia is, in the

FEOM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 115

definition of the genus, stated to eonsist of five segments, and in the drawings of CopUin

mirahllls the fourth pair of swimming-feet are I'eiJresented as attached to wliat is descrihed

as the last thoracic segment ; if this he correct, then, shouki a fifth pair of feet he present,

they would necessarily be attached to the same segment as the fourth pair, which Avould

be very unusual, the fifth pair only being usually attached to tlie last segment of the

thorax. In the species now described, if the abdomen be held to consist of five segments,

the appendages of the first segment are not a fifth pair of feet, and the fourth pair are

attached to what, in that case, is the last thoracic segment, and a separate segment, for

the support of a fifth pair of feet, is entirely absent. In these circumstances I prefer

to consider the abdomen as consisting of four segments and that the fourth pair of

swimming-feet are appendages of the second last segment of the thorax, and further that

the rudimentary appendages of the next, or last, thoracic segment are a fifth pair of feet,

because such an arrangement of the parts is more in harmony witli those of closely

allied genera.

Genus Ltjbbockia, Clans.

Lubbockia, Claus, Die freilebeiulcn CopeiJodcu, 1863 ; Brady, Report on the

Copepoda of the ' Challenger' Expedition, 1883.

LUBCOCKIA SQUILLIMANA, Claus.

1863. Lubbockia squiUimana, Claus, Die freilebenden Copcpodcn, p. 164, jil. xxv. figs. 1-5.

1883. Lubbockia squiUimana, Brady, Report Chall. Copep. p. 118, pi. liii. figs. 12-16, pi. liv. figs. 1-7.

Hcdntat. Station 3, 100 fathoms, January 2nd (day collection). Station 9, 25 fathoms,

January 10th (day collection). Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5 55' 5" E., 360 fathoms,

January 22nd (day collection). Station 23, surface and at 10 fathoms, February 5th (day

collection). Lat. 8° 30' 8" S., long. 12 5' 7" E., surface, February 9th (day collection), &c.

Luhhockia squilUmana was observed in 39 tow-nettings, 13 of which were surface

gatherings and 26 under-surface. The under-surface gatherings were from various

depths from 10 to 360 fathoms ; 3 of the surface and 18 of the iinder-surface tow-

iiettings Avere day collections, while 10 surface and S under-surface were night collections,

as in the formula : —

r 3 day collections.

..• on f ^'^ '"''^'''''' i 10 night ditto.

Tow-nettmgs 39 < "

I 26 under-surface j 18 day ditto.

I 8 night ditto.

Though generally distributed throughout the ar(^a represented in this Report, and

though observed in a considerable number of gatherings, Luhhockia was of less frequent

occurrence in the tow-nettings in which it was obtained than some other species with a

more restricted distribution. Specimens of both sexes were collected, but females were

much more common than males ; several females carrying ovisacs were taken.

15*

116 MR. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTRACA

Genus Onc^a, Philippi.

Onceea, Philippi, Wiegmana's Arcliiv, 1843.

Antaria, Dana, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. 1849.

Onc^a obtusa (Dana).

1843. Onceea venustat, Philippi, Wiegmanu's Archiv, pi. 111. fig. 3.

1852. Antaria obtusa, Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped. p. 1230, pi. Ixxxvi. figs. 13 a-c.

1883. Onceea obtusa, Brady, Report Chall. Copep. p. 120, pi. li. figs. 1-11.

Habitat. Station 2, surface, 5, 25, and 50 fathoms, January 1st (night collections).

Station 9, surface, 25 and 50 fathoms, January 10th (day collections). Lat. 1° 55' 5" N.,

long. 5° 55' 5" E., 10, 20, 30, 260, 360, and 460 fathoms, January 22nd (day collections).

Bananah Creek, Congo River, surface, February 7th (day collection). Loanda Harbour,

surface, Pebruary 13th (day collection).

Onccea obtusa was observed in 119 tow-nettings, 60 of wdiich were surface and 59

under-surface gatherings. The under-surface tow-nettings ranged in depth from 2 to

460 fathoms. 20 of the surface and 41 of the under-surface gatherings were day col-

lections ; 34 of the surface and 18 of the under-surface gatherings were night collections,

as shown by the formula : —

26 day collections.

r lb clay collect!

60 surface \ 3^ ^^„^^ ^j^to

Tow-nettings 119 , .-, n tm;

(.59 under-surface P^^^'^y^^^^*^-

(. 18 night ditto.

This was one of the most common and most generally distributed species in the

' Buccaneer ' collection ; many of the specimens carried ovisacs, and though the collection

had been for several years in spirit a considerable proportion of the OnccBce retained

much of the vivid coloration so characteristic of the species.

ONcasA GRACILIS (Dana). (PI. XIII. figs. 4-12.)

1853. Antaria gracilis, Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped. p. 1229, pi. Ixxxvi. fig. 11 a.

Length I'l mm. Cephalothoras narrow, ovate. Abdomen elongate, slender ; the

breadth of the first abdominal segment is somewhat less than two-thirds its length, and

one-third the length of the abdomen, exclusive of the stylets ; the second segment is

scarcely half the length of the first, and equal to the combined length of the next two ;

the third segment is nearly twice the length of the last, while the caudal stylets are

somewhat longer than the last abdominal segment (fig. 12). The anterior antenna? are

similar to those of OnccBa obtusa, but are more slender ; the relative lengths of the joints

are nearly as in the formula : —

4 . 4 . 13 . 2 . 1 . 3

r~2 3 4 5 6'

The last joint of the posterior antennte about as long as the preceding one, but more

slender and furnished with four long, stout, ajjical setae, and another seta near the base.

Mouth-appendages nearly as in Onceea obtusa, except that the last joint of the posterior

foot-jaw is elongate and armed with a long, powerful, nearly straight terminal claw.

FEOM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 117

which is finely serrate on the inner edge (fig. 10). First swimming-feet also similar to

that species, but more slender, and provided with much longer terminal spines, — the

terminal spine of the outer branch is equal to about three times the length of the joint

from which it springs. The terminal spines of the three pairs (both branches) are also

long. The inner branch of the fourth pair is much shorter than the outer branch, and

its three joints are nearly equal in length ; the terminal spine is long and setiform.

Fifth pair of feet as in Onccea obtum.

Habitat. Station 2, 50 fathoms, collected January 1st, between 7.20 and 8.20

P.M. Station 9, 50 fiithoms, collected January 10th, during the day. Ofi" Appi *

(near Porto Novo), surface, collected January 18th (day). Lat. 3° 55' 3" N.,

long. 4° 7' 3" E., 30 fathoms, collected January 20th. Lat. 2° 34' 9" N., long. 5° 22' 2" E.,

20 fathoms, collected January 21st. Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E., 360 fathoms,

collected January 22nd. Station 23, in two gatherings at 30 and 85 fathoms, collected

February 5th. All the gatherings except the first one w^ere collected during the day.

Though I have included this species under Onccea, it nevertheless differs very

markedly from the very common Onccea ohtusa, Dana. The last joint of the posterior

antennse is elongate and slender ; the inner branch of the fourth pair of swimming-feet is

considerably shorter than the outer branch, and consists of three nearly equal joints ;

the al)domen is long and slender, and the last three segments are much longer, com-

paratively, than in Onccea obtusa. These differences, taken together, should j^erhaps be

considered of more than merely specific value, but I prefer meantime to refer the species

above described to Oncceci.

Note. — The species described above agrees in several points with Concea rapax,

Giesbrecht (Mon. Pelag. Copep. of the Gulf of Naples), and should perhaps be ascribed

to that genus.

ONCiEA MEDITERRANEA (Claus). (PI. XIII. figS. 13-17.)

1863. Antaria mediterranea, Claus, Die freilebenden Copepadeu, jj. 159, pi. xxx. figs. 1-7.

Length '85 mm. (l-30th of an inch). Somewhat like Onccea obtusa in general form,

but with a proportionally shorter abdomen. Abdomen, including caudal stylets, equal

to about two-fifths the length of the ccphalothorax ; length of first abdominal segment

equal to about twice the breadth, and to fully twice the entire length, of the remaining

segments ; and, togetlier with the caudal stylets, the length of the last abdominal

segment is rather greater than that of the two iireceding segments added together.

Caudal stylets about twice as long as broad, and nearly equal in length to the last two

abdommal segments. Anterior antennse slender ; the pro2)ortional lengths of the joints

are nearly as shown in the formula : —

2.3.8.2.1.2

12 3 4 5 0"

* Note lij Mr. llattray. — " Appi is a flourishing village, with three French factories. It is the nearest port to

the inland town of Porto Novo, and communicates with it by a lagoon. The surf at Appi is very heavy, and it is

impossible to land except in a native boat built for that purpose. The boats are manned by about sixteen negroes

and propelled by paddles. The beach is steep and sandy."

lis ME. T. SCOTT ON EXTOIMOSTEACA

Last, joint of the posterior antennEe fully three-fourths the length of the precetlinp^

joint. Mouth-organs similar to those of Oiicaa ohtusa, except that the last joint of the

posterior foot-jaw is broadly ovate; the fringe of hairs on the inner margin extends

backwards from the apex nearly three-fourths the length of the joint, and is bounded at

the proximal end by a small spine (fig. 16). The swimming-feet are similar to those of

Onccea ohtusa, but the joints, especially of the outer branches of the first pair, are

jiroportionally longer, and the length of the terminal spines of both branches of all the

swimming-feet is much greater than those of that species : in the iiist pair the terminal

spine of the outer branches is equal to the combined length of the second and last joints ;

in the fourth pair the terminal spines of both branches are equal to the entire length of

the branches they spring from ; the terminal spines of the inner branches are also serrate

on both branches. The fifth pair, like those of Onccea ohtusa, are very small and rudi-

mentary. One or two females only of this species were obtained.

Habitat. Station 9, 50 fathoms, collected January 10th. Lat. 1^ 55' 5'' N., long.

5' 55' 5" E., 300 ftithoms, collected January 22nd.

This species, though closely resembling Onccea ohtusa, appears to be quite distinct

from it ; the following are some points in which it differs from that species : — the last

joint of the secondary branch of the posterior antennae is considerably longer ; the joints

of the outer branches of the first swimming-feet are proportionally longer ; the abdomen

is shorter, being only equal to about two-fifths of the length of the cephalothorax ; and

the terminal spines of the swimming-feet, and especially of the fourth pair, are of much

greater length than those of Onccea ohtusa. Onccea mecliterranea (Claus) seems to agree

much closer with this species than with Onccea ohtusa (Dana), and I have therefore

ascribed it to the species described by Dr. Claus.

Genus Hersiliodes, Canu, 1888.

Hersilioees LiviNGSTONi, n. sp. (PI. XIII. figs. 31-38.)

Length, exclusive of tail-setse, 1-03 mm. Viewed dorsally the body is broadly ovate,

and much constricted near the posterior end ; it is composed of six segments, the first

being nearly equal to the entire length of the other five ; the fifth segment is short, and

considerably narrower than that which precedes or follows it ; the breadth of the last

segment is greatest posteriorly. Forehead rounded. Anterior antennae stout, 7-

jointed, and bearing numerous setiB; the proportional lengths of the joints are nearly as

shown in the formula : —

15 . 25 ■ 12 . 18 . 14 . 11 . 11

12 3 4 5 6 7 ■

Posterior antenniie stout, 4-jointed, the first joint being nearly equal to the

combined length of the other three; the third joint bears two stout curved spines at the

exterior distal angle, while the truncate extremity of the last joint is armed with four

elongate curved sj)ines and a few setse (fig. 33). The mouth is in the form of a small

conical tube, the margin of which is fringed with cilia. The mandible is armed

exteriorly with a stout, somewhat curved tooth, having a doul:)le row of scrratures along

FROM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 11!)

its inner margin, and interiorly with tliree setiferous spines. Maxillse simple,

terminating in two very short and rounded spiniferous lohes (tig. 3i). The anterior

foot -jaws are furnished with a short, stout, and slightly curved terminal claw, which is

provided Avith several setiferous spines at the base, while two stout setiferous sjiines

spring from the end of the tirst joint ai\d close to the basal part of the claw. The

posterior foot-jaws are large ; they arc furnished with several spiniform plumose setae on

the inner margin, and terminate in stout, elongate, and strongly curved claws, from the

base of which springs a strong and curved claw-like spine (fig. 35). Both branches of

the first four pairs of swimming-feet 3-jointed ; joints short and broad. The exterior

margin of the outer branches of the first pair is furnished with four spines, — one on

each of the first and second, and two on the last joint. Hound the end and inner margin

of the last joint there are six long plumose setae, while one long seta, also plumose,

springs from the inner distal angle of the second joint. The first and second joints of the

inner branches have no spine on the outer margin ; the outer distal angle of the second

joint forms a tooth-like process; the last joint is furnished with a stout spine on the

lower half of the exterior margin, — the margin being hollowed out to receive the base of

the spine; there are also five plumose setae round the end and inner edge of the last

joint. The extremities of both branches of the second, third, and fovxrth pairs are

armed with one long and one short spine ; the long sj)ine of the outer branches is ciliate

along the inner edge (tig. 37). The foot of the fifth pair consists of a broad foliaceous

joint, rounded at the extremity, and furnished with one long terminal and three small

submarginal setse (fig. 38). Abdomen composed of four segments; the first is con-

siderably dilated, the first, third, and fourth are about equal in length, but the second is

rather longer. Caudal stylets half as long again as the last abdominal segment, some-

what divergent, and furnished AA^th two long and three short terminal set£e ; there is also

a small submarginal spine about one-third the length of the stylet from the extremity

(fig. 31).

Habitat. Loanda Harbour ; surface tow-net gathering, collected February 15.

Genus Pachysoma, Claus.

Pachysoma, Claus, Die freilebenden Copepoden, 1863.

Pachysoma punctatum, Glaus. (PI. XIII. figs. 18-21.)

1863. Pachysoma jMnctatiim, Claus, op. cit. p. 163, pi. xxv. figs. C-11.

Length 2"5 mm. Body rotund; forehead produced into a small triangular pointed

rostrum. Anterior antennae very short, stout, 7-jointed, the third and fourth joints

shorter than the others ; the proportional lengths of the joints are as follows : —

30 .2.5. 9 .12. 22 . 20 . 1.5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 '

Posterior antennae nearly as in Liohomolgiis, 1-jointed, the third joint short, the others

of moderate length and subequal (fig. 20). Mandibles small, stylet-shaped, ciliate along

one edge ; the maxillae consist of small 1-jointed appendages bearing two long apical

120 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTE.ACA

setse. Anterior foot-jaws rudimentary, 1-jointed, with a moderately stout terminal

claw and a small seta (fig. 23). Basal joint of posterior foot-jaws greatly dilated ;

second joint stout, bearing two marginal spiniform setae and armed with a strong curved

terminal claw, which is provided with a small seta near the base and on the inner

aspect. Swimming-feet nearly as in Lichomolgiis, both branches 3-jointed ; the setse on

their inner margins are stout and densely plumose ; the inner branches are considerably

lono-er than the outer (fig. 2\). Eifth pair rudimentary and provided with one small

marginal and two apical plumose setae. Abdomen short, composed of four segments ;

first segment large, the next three much shorter and narrower ; in the male the postero-

lateral angles of the first abdominal segment carry two plumose setse. Caudal stylets

about equal in length to the first abdominal segment ; apical setse three, and one on the

outer edge about one-third the length of the stylet from the proximal end. The

structure of the integument is shown in fig. 18.

KaUtat. Station 9, in a tow-netting from 25 fathoms. Lat. 2' 34.' 9" N., long. 5' 22' 2"

E., 20 fathoms. Station 14, in two tow-net gatherings from 10 and 20 fathoms.

Lat. r 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E., 20 fathoms, and lat. 0' 21' 1" N., long. T 0' 33" E.,

20 fathoms.

Though observed in these six separate tow-net gatherings, very few specimens were

obtained.

Genus Lichomolgus, Thorell.

Lichomolgus, Thorell, Om Krustaceer i Ascidier, p. 74 (1859).

LiCHOMOLGTJS CONGOENSIS, n. sp. (PL XIII. figs. 39-48.)

Length fully 1 mm. Cei^halothorax moderately robust. Anterior antennae fully half

the length of the first cophalothoracic segment, 7-jointed, nearly as in Lichomolgus

fucicolus; the relative lengtlis of the joints are shown in the formula : —

12 . 26 . 8 ■ 17 . 18 . 15 . 10

12 3 4 5 6 7'

Posterior antennae 4-jointed ; first, second, and fourth joints elongate, subequal ; third

joint very short and bearing two stout seta3 on the upper distal angle ; the last joint is

armed with two slender curved terminal spines and two setse ; there is also a small seta

on the inner margin near the apex (fig. 41). The mandible consists of a comparatively

broad and apparently abruptly bent process, the truncate apex of which is furnished

with a comb-like fringe of short setae ; a stout stylet-like appendage, finely crenate on

the upper edge, springs from the outer distal angle, and is closely applied to the

anterior edge of the ajipendage, and extends some distance beyond its fringed apex

(fig. 42). The maxillae are simple 1-jointcd appendages, bearing a few apical setae

(fig. 43). Eoot-jaws nearly as in Lichomolgus fucicolus, except that the posterior foot-

jaw is armed with a long curved spine on the inner margin of the proximal half of the

second joint (fig. 45). The four pairs of swimming-feet are also nearly as in Lichomolgus

fucicolus, except that there are stout dagger-shaped spines on the exterior margin and

FEOM THE QVLF OF GUINEA. 121

apex of the outer branches ; the apex of the inner branches is also provided with similar

spines ; the inner branch of the fourth pair is 2-jointed (fig. 4G). Fifth pair subquad-

rangular, rather longer than broad, and furnished with two stout terminal spines.

Abdomen scarcely equal to half the length of the cephalothorax. Caudal stylets about

as long as broad, and three-fourths the length of the last abdominal segment. The

fourth tail-seta, counting from the outside, is stouter and rather longer than the others.

HahitcU. Bananah Creek, Congo River, in a surface tow-net gathering, collected

Eebruary 6th. Only two specimens (females) were obtained.

Genus Pseudanthessius, Claus.

Pseudanfhessius, Claus, Arb. Zool. Inst. Wien, 1889.

PSETJDANTHESSITJS PUOPINQUITS, n. sp. (PI. XIII. figs. 49-56; PL XIV. figs. 1, 4.)

Length 1'3 mm. (l-18th of an inch). Anterior antennae 7-jointed; the formula shows

the proportional lengths of the joints : —

12 . 21 . 6 . 12 . 12 . 11 . 8

12 3 4 5 0 7

The short penultimate joint of the posterior antenna3 bears a long slender spine on its

upper distal angle ; the last joint is provided \vdth a stout curved apical spine and five

setae. Mandibles somewhat as in Lichomolgus congoensis, but the stylet-like appendage

is longer and strongly dentate on the upper edge, the basal tooth being much larger

than the others (PI. XIII. fig. 52). Maxillae armed with three stout terminal spines,

two of which are serrate on both edges, and a small marginal seta (PI. XIII. fig. 53).

Anterior foot-jaws stout, 1-jointed, and provided with four strong terminal spines, the

two larger of which are furnished with several tooth-like processes. Posterior foot-jaws

in the female short, 3-jointed ; the second joint carries two short, stout, marginal spines,

and the last joint, which is small, carries one terminal and four lateral seta3 (PL XIII.

fig. 54). In the male the posterior foot- jaws are more slender; the first and second

joints are fully twice as long as broad, and the inner margin is fringed with cilia ; the

last joint is very short and forms the base of a stout, elongate, curved claw, which is fur-

nished with two small setae near the base. The fourth pair of swimming-feet are nearly

as in Pseudanthessim Thorelli (Brady), but the margins of the 1-jointed inner branches

are not ciliate ; a moderately long plumose seta springs from the proximal half of the

inner edge (?and probably also from the outer edge opposite to the other) (PL XIV.

fig. 3). The first three pairs of swimmiug-feet are nearly as in Lichomolgus fucicolus.

The fifth pair consist each of a moderately stout joint, furnished with two apical spines.

Abdomen, inclusive of stylets, nearly equal to three-foiu'ths the length of the cephalo-

thorax : in the male the first segment is as long as the next two together ; in the female

the first segment is rather more than half the length of the abdomen, the remaining three

segments are as in the male. Caudal stylets once and a half the length of the last

abdominal segment, and furnished with one seta near the middle of the outer margin and

four apical setae.

Habitat. Loanda Harbour, in a surface tow-net gathering, collected February 15th.

Very few specimens were obtained.

SECOND SERIES. — ZOOLOGY, VOL. VI. 16

122 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

Genus Saphieina, Thompson.

Saphirina, Thompson, Zoological Researches, 1829

Saphieina ovalis, Dana.

1852. Saphirina oralis, Dana.

1883. Saphinna ovalis, Brady, Report Chall. Copep. p. 123, pi. xlvii. figs. 1-12.

Habitat. Station 2, January 1st (night collection). Lat. 1" 55' 5" N., long. 5^ 55' 5"E.,

10 and 30 fathoms, January 22nd (day collections). Station 21, surface, February 4th

(day collection). Station 2i, surface, February 6th (day collection), etc.

This Saphirine was obtained in 27 tow-nettings, 10 of wliich were surface and 17

under-surface gatherings. The uuder-surface tow-nettings ranged from 2 to 50 fathoms,

with the exception of one which was from 185 fathomxS. 2 of the surface and 13 of the

under-surface were day collections, while 8 surface and 4 under-surface were night collec-

tions, as shown in the formula : —

J 2 day collections,

f 10 surface. |. g night ditto.

Tow-nettings 27 . -^3 ^ ^^^^^

I 17 under-surface < •'

K 4 night ditto.

Only one or at most very few speciniens were observed in any one of the tow-nettings,

Tlie females of Safhlrlna ovalis were usually readily distinguished from other Saphirines

by the numerous, circular, opaque white spots scattered somewhat symmetrically over the

entire dorsal surface, and which imparted a rather elegant appearance to the specimens.

(It will be understood that the ornamentation described is that of specimens which have

been several years in spirit.)

Note. — This appears to be the species described by Giesbrecht as Saphirina stellata

and = S. ovalis of Dr. Brady's ' Challenger ' Coi)epoda, but not S. ovalis, Dana.

Saphieina inj^qualis, Dana. (Not S. nlgromaculata, Claus.)

1852. Saphirina inatqualis, Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped. p. 1241, pi. Ixxxvii. fig. 7.

1860. Saphirina elegans ( ? ), Lubbock, Trans. Liuu. Soc. vol. xxiii. p. 12, pi. xxix. figs. 18, ID.

1883. Saphirina incequalis, Brady, Report Chall. Copep. p. 124, pi. xlviii. iigs. 1-5.

Ilahitat. Station 9, 25 fathoms, January 10th (day collection). Station 11, 10 fathoms,

January 19th (day collection). Station 14, 20 fcithoms, January 21st (night collection).

Station 18, surface, February 3rd (day collection). Station 24, surface, February 6tli

(day coUection). Lat. 5' 40' 8" S., long. 11 33' 4" E., surface, February 19th (day col-

lection), &c.

Saphirina incequalis was observed in 41 tow-nettings, 22 of which were surface and 19

under-surface gatherings ; 8 of the surface and 14 of the under-surface gatherings were

day collections, Avhile 11 of the surface and 5 of the under-surface were night collections.

The under-surface tow-nettings ranged from 2| to 25 fathoms, with the exception of one

which was from 360 fathoms.

5 dav collections.

pO surface 1 5 night ditto.

FROM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 123

r 8 day collections,

r 22 surface 1 11 niilit ditto.

Tow-nettin£?s 41 < r^ , i tj.^

^ I T n I f r I'i' day ditto.

(_19 under-surface <^ •'

L 5 night ditto.

This was the most common of the Saphirines in the ' Buccaneer ' collections.

Saphirina serrata, Brady.

188.3. Saphirina serrata, Brady, Report Cliall. Copep. p. 125, pi. xlix. figs. 1, 2.

Habitaf. Station 9, 25 fathoms, January 11th (day collection). Lat. 1 55' 5" N., long.

5' 55' 5" E., 200 fathoms, January 22nd (day collection). Station 23, surl'ace and 10

fathoms, February 5th (day collections). Lat. 5' 40' 8" S., long. 11" 33' 4" E., surface,

February 19th (day collection), &c.

This species occurred in 20 tow-nettings, 10 of which were surface and 10 under-surface

gatherings. The surface comprised 5 day and 5 night collections ; the under-surface 8 day

and 2 night collections, as shown in the formula : —

r

i 5

Tow-nettings 20 <[ ^ - .

tlO under-surface 1 8 day ditto.

I 2 night ditto.

The under-surface tow-nettings included one at 3 fathoms, three at 10 fathoms, one at

15 fathoms, two at 20 fathoms, one at 25 fathoms, one at 50 fathoms, and one at 260

fcxthoms. The distinct, though finely serrate, margins of the abdominal segments

(except the first) in the female constitute one of the most prominent characters of the

species. S. serrata was one of the less common of the Saphirines in the collection.

Saphirina opalixa, Dana.

1852. Saphirina opalina, Daua, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exp. p. 1254, pi. Ixxxviii. fig. 4.

1860. Saphirina Thomsoni, Lubbock, Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xxiii. p. 18(i, pl. xxix. figs. 22, 23.

1883. Saphirina opalina, Brady, Report Chall. Copep. p. 12G, pl. xlix. figs. 3-G.

Habitat. Station 9, 25 fathoms, January 10th (day collection). Off' Sao Thome Island

(lat. 0 34' K., long. G 30' 4" £.), 10 fathoms, January 23rd (day collection). Station 23,

20 fathoms, February 5tli (day collection). Lat. T 38' S., long. 12 3' 3" E., surface,

February 9th (night collection), etc.

This Saphirine was obtained in 5 surface and 8 under-surface tow-nettings. The

8 under-surface gatherings comprised two at 10 fathoms, one at 15 fathoms, two at

20 fathoms, and two at 25 fathoms. The annexed formula shows the number of day and

night collections : —

f 1 day collection.

5 surface

Tow-nettings 13^ , . , "^

j ^ =uxxa^^ ^ ^ ^.gj^^ collections.

^'^ ^IS under-surface I ^ day ditto.

1 3 niojht ditto.

This species was readily distinguished from other Saphirines by the peculiar form of

the very short caudal stylets.

16*

124i MK. T. SCOTT ON EXTOMOSTRACA

Saphirina opaca, Lubbock.

1856. Saphirina opaca, Lubbock, Trans. Ent. Soc. vol. iv. p. 27, pi. v. figs. 9-11.

1883. Saphirina opaca, Brady, Report Chall. Copep. p. 127, pi. xlix. figs. 14-17.

Habitat. Lat. 3' 58' N., long. 3' 42' W., 25 fathoms, January 13th (day collection).

Off Sao Thome Island (lat. 0" 46' 6" N., long. 6^ 22' E.), 10 fathoms, January 23rd

(day collection). Off the Gaboon River (lat. 0' 22' 8" N., long. 8^^ 16' 7" E.), surface,

January 28th (two night collections). Station 23, 10 fathoms, February 5th (day

collection) .

This comparatively large species was obtained in 18 tow-nettings, 7 of which were

surface and 11 under-surface gatherings. The under-surface tow-nettings included one

at 2| fathoms, six at 10 fathoms, one at 15 fathoms, one at 20 fathoms, one at 25 fathoms,

and one at 30 fathoms. 1 surface and 9 under-surface gatherings were collected during

the day, Avhile 6 surface and 2 under-surface were night collections, as shown by the

annexed formula : —

r 1 day collection.

T ff iQ ( ^ surface | q ^^^^^ collections.

Tow-nettmgs 18 -^ ^- »

(.11 under-surface P ^% ^^i^to.

( 2 night ditto.

The large size, elongate form, and the produced inner angle of the caudal stylets serve

to distinguish this from most of the other Saphirines in the collection . A few specimens

carried ovisacs.

Saphirina splendens, Dana.

1852. Saphirina splendens, Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped. p. 1246, pi. Ixxxvii. fig. 9.

1883. Saphirina splendens, Brady, Report Chall. Copep. p. 127, pi. xlix. figs. 11-13.

Rahitat. Station 3, 25 fathoms, January 2nd (day collection). Lat. 4 31' 6" N., long.

6' 4' 44" W., 50 fathoms, January 11th (day collection). Off the Gaboon lliver (lat. 0^

22' 8" N., long. 8 25' E.), surface, January 29th (night collection). Station 23, surface

and 10 fathoms, February 5th (day collection). Lat. 7° 38' S., long. 12' 3' 3" E., surface,

February 9th (night collection), &c.

Saphirina splendens occurred in 16 tow-nettings — 6 surface and 10 under-surface.

The surface tow-nettings comprised 3 day and 3 night collections, the under-surface

9 day collections and 1 niglit collection. The under-surface tow-nettings included one

at 2 1 fathoms, four at 10 fathoms, one at 15 fathoms, two at 25 fathoms, and two at

50 fathoms. The annexed formula shows the number of day and night collections : —

{3 day collections.

o night ditto.

xuvv -lie L tings xu ^ ®

.10 under-surface j ^ ^^^y ditto.

1 night collection.

FROM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 125

Saphirina metallina, Dana. (PI. XII. fig. 4.)

1852. Saphirina metallina, Daua, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped. p. 1242^ pi. Ixxxvii. fig. 5.

1860. Saphirina cylindrica, Lubbock, Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xxiii. p. 184, pi. xxix. figs 13-15.

1883. Saphirina metallina, Brady, Report Chall. Copep. p. 128, pi. 1. figs. 11-17.

Rahitat. Station 2, 5, 25, and 50 fathoms, January 1st (night collections). Station 3,

100 fathoms, January 2ncl (day collection). Lat. 1" 55' 5" N., long. 5' 55' 5" E., 30, 00, and

360 fathoms, January 22nd (day collections). Station 23, surface, one day and one night

collection ; also in one at 20, 85, 135, and 235 fathoms, February 5tli, &c. (day collections).

Saphirina metallina occurred in 29 tow-nettings ; only 4 of these were surface, the

other 25 being under-surface and ranging in de[)th from 5 to 360 fathoms. The surface

gatherings comjirised 1 da}- and 3 night collections, and the under-surface 19 day and 6

night collections, as shown by the annexed formida : —

J 1 day collection.

rr .,• on/ ^^^^"^'^^^ 1 3 night collections.

Tow-nettmgs 29 < ^ o

I 25 under-surface [ ^^ "^""^ ^^"«-

i 6 night ditto.

The form of the caudal stylets in this species makes it readily distinguished from all

other Saphiriues. A peculiar appendage of the caudal stylets is, by deep staining, brought

prominently into view. The outline of the appendage may be perceived without staining

by observing the ditfraction of light around its edges, but it is only by allowing the speci-

men to be well soaked in the stain (Kleinenberg's hsematoxylin does very well to stain

with) that the appendage can be seen to advantage. It is then observed to possess a

narrow oval outline with an acute apex ; a thickened part extends from base to apex

like the midrib of a leaf. The whole appendage has thus the appearance of a seta

possessing delicate wing-like expansions. Such a leaf -like aj)pendage {cerGophyllnm)

has not been noticed in any other species of Saphiri)ia in the 'Buccaneer' collections.

These cercophylla probably enable the animal to move with greater rapidity through the

water, and thus to be more successful in the struggle for existence. By possessing greater

celerity in its movements it would be able to escape more readily from its enemies and

be more certain of success in attacking its prey. Whether the cercophylla are used as

an additional motive-power or not is at present conjectural, but the study of the animal

in the living state should tend to throw some light on the use of these curious organs.

Saphiiiina sinuicalda, Brady.

1883. Saphirina sinuicauda, Brady, Report Chall. Copep. p. 129, pi. xlix. figs. 7-10.

Rahitat. Lat. 23 4 9" N., long. 5° 22' 2" E., 20 fathoms, January 21st (night collection)'.

Station 21., surface, February 6th (day collection).

This was one of the rarest of the Saphiriues observed in the ' Buccaneer ' collections,

and is distinguished from the other species by the form of the inner branch of the second

swimming-foot and of the caudal lamellse. Only two or three specimens in all were

obtained.

126 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

Genus Saphirinella, Glaus.

Saphirinella, Claus, Die freilebendea Oopepodeu, 1863.

Saphirinella stylifera (Lubbock).

1856. Saphirina sttjlifera, Lubbock, Trans. Ent. Soc. vol. iv. p. 28, pi. iv. figs. 9, 10.

1866. Saphirinella stylifera, Claus, Die Copepoden-Fauna von Nizza, p. 17, pi. i. figs. 13, 14.

Habitat. Station 2, 5, 25, and 50 fatboms, January 1st (uigbt collections). Station 3,

25, 50, and 100 fatboms day tow-nettings, and 50 fatboms nigbt tow-netting, January 2nd.

Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5' 55' 5" E., 10, 20, 30, 60, 260, aud 3C0 fatboms, January 22nd

(day collections). Station 23, surface, 20, 85, 185, and 235 fatboms, February 5tb

(day collections).

Saphirinella stylifera was obtained in 58 tow-nettings, 37 of wbicb were day and 21

Avere nigbt collections. 47 of tbe collections were under-surface, tbe otbers were surface

gatberings, as sbown by tbe annexed formula : —

j 1 dav collections,

r 11 surface | 7 nigbt ditto.

Tow-nettings 58 <^ oq i y,,

1-17 under-surface ( 33 day ditto.

1 11 nigbt ditto.

Tbe under-surface tow-nettings included gatherings from 5 to 360 fatboms, in nearly

all of wbicb Saphirinella was more or less frequent.

Many specimens of Saphirinella were obtained, but tbey all appeared to belong to the

one species Saphirinella stylifera (Lubbock). Very few specimens were observed in tbe

' Challenger ' collections, which is the more remarkable considering the number of

gatberings and the extensive area represented.

Note. — Saphirinella : It has been sbown by Dr. Giesbrecbt that Saphirinella is only

tbe male form of Copilia, and that Saphirinella stylifera, Lubbock, is the male of Copilia

mirabllis, Dana.

Saphirella, nov. gen. (Provisional name.)

Anterior antenna? nearly as in Saphirina, 5-jointed. Posterior antennae 3-jointcd.

Mandibles stout, each bearing a strong terminal conical tooth, serrate on both margins,

and a stout plumose terminal spine. Maxilla? broadly subquadrangular and furnished

with a few terminal seta?. Posterior foot-jaws stout, 3-jointed, and armed with a mode-

rately strong terminal claw. The swimming-feet arc 2-branched, each branch consists of

a single broadly foliaceous joint ; fifth pair rudimentary or obsolete.

Saphirella abyssicola, n. sp. (PI. XIII. figs. 57, 58; PL XIV. figs. 5-10.)

Length 1'2 mm. Cephalothorax robust ; the first segment, which is about as long as

broad, is fully two-fifths tbe length of the whole animal ; the triangular postero-distal

angles of tbe second segment are extended backwards to near tbe end of tbe fourth

TROM THE GULP OF GUINEA. 1:27

segment. Anterior antennse nearly as in Saphlrina, short, stout, 5-jointed, the third

and fourth joints shorter tlian the others ; tlie proportional lengths of the joints are

shown l)y the annexed formula : —

12. V.K 10.8 . 12

1 2 3 4~5 ■

Tlie posterior antennae consist of three nearly equal joints, and are furnished with one

or two marginal and a number of apical setae, two of the apical setae and one subapical

lieing strongly curved, long, and spiniform (PI. XIII. fig. 58). Mandibles stout, armed

with a strong terminal conical tooth ; serrate on l)oth edges, and a stout plumose spine ;

there are also two stout subapical plumose setre (PI. XIV. fig. 6). Maxillse broadly

subquadrangular, bearing one submarginal and a few terminal setie (PI. XIV. fig. 7).

The basal joint of the anterior foot-jaws is considerably dilated, and is provided with

two stout plumose spines on the inner distal angle ; the last joint is small, about once

and a half longer than broad, and Ijears four spines on its truncate ajjex (PL XIV.

fig. 8). Posterior foot-jaw stout, 3-jointed, the last joint very small and furnished

with a moderately strong and nearly straight claw and a long, spiniform, plain seta ;

the first joint bears three setse on its inner distal angle, and there are two setse near

the middle of the second joint (PI. XIV. fig. 9). Swimming-feet stout, 2-branched;

each branch consists of a single broadly foliaceous joint ; the outer liranch of the first

pair carries four stout dagger-shaped marginal and subterminal spines, serrate on both

edges, and three terminal plumose setae ; the inner branch carries three similar spines,

two plain apical setae, and a seta near the base of the inner margin. The second pair

of feet are like the first, but the three dagger-shaped spines on the inner branch are

replaced by plumose setae. Only two pairs of feet were observed ; the others wer(^

wautiu!?. The last segment of the abdomen is about twice and a half lon<rer than

l)road. Caudal stylets very short, each bearing a long, slender, sabre-like spine and a

few very small setae.

Habitat. Lat. 1" 55' 5" X., long. 5° 55' 5" E., in a tow-net gathering from 260 fathoms,

collected Januarv 22nd.

Section III. SIPHONOSTOMA, Thorell.

Family ARTOTEOGIDJE.

Cyclopicera, Brady (1872j.

? Cyclopicera lata, Brady. (PI. XIII. figs. 25-30.)

1868. Ascomyzon echinicola, Norman, Brit. Assoc. Report, p. 300.

1872. Cyclopicera lata, Brady, Nat. Hist. Trans. Nortliumb. and Durham^ vol. iv. p. 433, pi. wm.

figs. 3-8.

1880. Cyclopicera lata, Brady, Mon. Brit. Copep. vol. iii. p. 56, pi. Ixxxix. fig. VI; pi. xc. figs. 11 -Ul

Length -7 mm. Body subrotund ; first body-segment shorter than broad and about

128 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

equal to half the entire length of the animal, exclusive of caudal stylets ; forehead

hroadlv rounded. Anterior antennae slender, shorter than the first hody-segment,

20-jointed; the second to the ninth joints and also the eighteenth and twentieth,

which are all of nearly equal length, are shorter than the others, as shown in the

annexed formula : —

10. 4. 3. 3. 3. 2. 2. 3. 4. 4. 7. 7. 7. 6. 7. 8. 10. 4. 6. 3

1 2345678 9 101112 13 1415 16 17 18 19 20

An olfactory filament springs from the end of the seventeenth joint. Posterior

antennae and mouth-organs nearly as in Artoti^ogus Boeckii, except that the mandihular

stylets are considerably longer and their terminal setoe shorter ; the terminal claw of the

posterior foot-jaws is also longer in the ' Buccaneer ' specimens. The five pairs of

swimming-feet also resemble those of Artotrogus Boeckii. In the fourth pair (fig. 26)

a long, stout, plumose seta springs from the extero-distal angle of the first basal joint,

and the outer distal angle of the second joint of the inner branch is bidentate. The

abdomen consists of three segments, and the caudal stylets, which are about three times

as long as broad, are equal in length to the last abdominal segment.

Habitat. Accra, in a shore gathering, collected January IGth. One or two specimens

only were obtained.

Artotrogus, Boeck (1859).

Artotrogus (pars) and Asterocheres, Boeck, Tvendc nye parasitiske Krebsdyr, 1859.

Ascomyzon, Thorell, Om Knistaceer i Ascidier, 1859.

? Artotrogus abyssicolus, n. sp. (PL XII. figs. 5-9 ; PL XIV. figs. 11-18.)

Female. Length 1"1 mm. Cephalothorax robust ; the first segment, which is con-

siderably dilated and equal to about four-ninths the length of the entire animal, is

anteriorly three-lobed ; the two side-lobes are i-ounded, but the middle one is broadly

triangular ; the last thoracic segment is very small and scarcely so broad as the first

segment of the abdomen. The abdomen is elongate and slender, and nearly of equal

breadth throughout ; first segment about equal to the length of the next two together,

the remaining segments become gradually shorter. Caudal stylets about half the

length of the last abdominal segment, and furnished with five moderately long setae.

Anterior antennce short, S-jointed, the last joint longer than any of the others ; a

long sensory filament springs from the end of the sixth joint ; the relative lengths of the

joints are shown in the formula : —

27 . 12 . 6 . 12 . 8 . IS . 10 . 34

T 2 3 4 "5 6 7 8"

Posterior antenna? 4-jointed, the second and third joints subequal and longer than the

first or fourth ; the last joint bears three spines — two terminal, one of which is moderately

long and one short, and a marginal spine ; a small 1-jointed secondary branch springs

from near the end of the second joint. The mandible consists of an elongate basal

FROM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 129

joint furnished with two long, slendei', terminal sette. The first joint of the anterior

foot-jaws is stout and without sjjiucs or settle ; the apical portion of the foot-jaw is long

and slender, the proximal half being about four times longer than broad and fijiely

ciliate on the inner aspect, while the distal half forms a strongly curved claw ; no

articulation was observed between the claw and tlie broadened basal part. Posterior

foot-jaw 4-jointed, second joint large, third and fourth much narrower and shorter;

the second, third, and fourth arc each provided with a small spine on the inner aspect;

terminal claw equal to fully twice the length of the last joint, stout and slightly curved.

Swimming-feet nearly as in Artotrogtis (PI. XIV. figs. 17, IS). No fifth pair were

observed. Siphon as in Artotrogns.

RaUtat. Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E., in a tow-net gathering from 360 fathoms,

collected January 22nd. Station 23, in a tow-net gathering from 235 fathoms, collected

February 5th.

Several sjiecimens of what may be the male (? immature) of this species occurred in

the same gatherings ; they diff^ered in the following points : — Body elongate ovate ;

abdomen long and very slender, and aj)parcntly 6-jointcd, the first segment lieing

distinctly constricted in the middle (PI. XII. fig. 9). The anterior antenna? consist of

four moderately stout, short joints, and an extremely long, slender, apical part without

articulations (PI. XII. fig. 6). The approximate proportional lengths of the basal joints

and long apical part are as follows : —

25 ■ 8 ■ 8 . 4 . 270.

12 3 4 5

The posterior foot-jaws are more slender (PI. XII. fig. 8). All the other appendages

closely agree with the foregoing description.

Caligus, Mliller.

Caligus (?) Thtmni, Dana. (PI. XIV. fig. 21.)

1853. Calii/us Tliijmni, Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Expecl. p. 1353, pi. xciv. fig. 3 ff.

HaMtat. Station 9, in a tow-net gathering from 25 fathoms, collected about midday,

January 10th. One specimen only.

This specimen, which is doubtfully referred to Caligus Thymni, Dana, differs from that

species chiefly in the form and comparative length of the posterior part of the abdomen.

In the ' Buccaneer ' specimen this part is somewhat narrower and longer proportionally

than Dana's figure represents Caligus Thymni to be.

Caligus Murrayanus, n. sp. Provisional name. (PL XIV. fig. 19.)

Length 3 mm. Prontal plate produced and much narrower anteriorly. Fourth pair

of feet elongate and rather slender. The first abdominal (genital) segment in the

female, Avhicli becomes wider posteriorly, is about ouc-and-a-half times longer than it is

broad at the middle, and equal to aloout half the length of the cephalothorax. The

SECOND SERIES. — ZOOLOGY, VOL. VI. 17

130 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTRACA

posterior part of the abdoineu, exclusive of caudal stylets, is about half as long as the

genital segment, and the breadth less than half the length. A small sucker-like

appendage springs from each side of the median ventral line and at the posterior end of

the genital segment. Caudal stylets very short.

Habitat. Loanda Harbour, in a surface tow-net gathering, during the afternoon of

February 15th. One specimen only obtained.

The outline of the frontal plate, in this species, somewhat resembles an equilateral

triangle, from the aj)ical part of which a portion equal to about two fifths of the height

has been cut otf, while the sucker-disks are situated near the middle of what remains

of each side. The species is named in compliment to Dr. Murray of the ' Challenger '

Expedition, who has done so much to foster and encourage the study of marine

zoology.

Caligus bengoensis, n. sp. Provisional name. (PL XIV. fig. 20.)

Length about 2*4 mm. Prontal plate about one fifth of the length of the cephalo-

thorax, narrower anteriorly. Sucker-disks forming almost a complete circle. The

length of the genital segment of the abdomen is about equal to one-and-one-third times

its breadth ; the following segment is shorter than broad, and in length equal to about

half the breadth of the genital segment ; the last abdominal segment is longer than the

preceding one, and about as broad as long. Caudal stylets half as long as the last

abdominal segment. The fourth pair of feet are moderately stout.

Habitat. Loanda Harbour, in a surface tow-net gathering, but not the same as that in

which Caligus Murrayanus was obtained.

Caligtjs DUBiiTS, n. sp. Provisional name. (PI. XIV. fig. 22.)

'Female. Length 3"G mm. Porehead broadly rounded, sucker-disks comparatively

shallow. Cephalothorax equal to about four sevenths of the entire length of the animal.

The genital segment, which becomes wider towards the distal end, is about as long as

the remaining portion of the abdomen, including caudal stylets ; its breadth at the distal

end is equal to about three fourths the length, and the postero-lateral angles are rounded.

The remaining portion of the abdomen, the length of which is about equal to the

posterior end of the genital segment, is three times longer than broad ; no articulations

were observed in this part of the abdomen. The length of the caudal stylets is equal

to twice the breadth, and each is furnished with three moderately short plumose setse.

Habitat. Loanda Harbour, in two surface tow-net gatherings, collected, one on the

13th and one on the 15th of February ; also in a surface tow-net gathering collected off

Appi, January 18th.

NoGAGUS, Leach.

NoGAGUS vALiDUs, Dana. (PI. XIV. fig. 23.)

1853. Nuyayus validus, Dana, Crust. Expl. Exped. p. 13G3, pi. xciv. fig. 9 a-h.

FROM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 131

Habitat. Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long 5' 55' 5" E., in a tow-net gathering from 30 fathoms,

collected January 22nd. One specimen only was obtained.

Hessella, Brady.

Hessella cylindrica, Brady.

1883. Hessella cyl'indnca, Brady, ' Cliallcnger' Copepoda, p. 13G, pi. Iv. figs. 9-13.

18G0. ? Baculux elnnyatus, Lubbock, Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xxiii. p. 190, pi. xxix. fig. 40.

Habitat. Station 3, in a tow-net gathering from 25 fathoms, collected January 2nd.

Only one sjiecimen of this interesting species was obtained.

This appears to be the Baculus elongatm, Lubbock, described by Sir John Lubbock

in his paper " On some Oceanic Entomostraca collected by Caj)tain Toynbee," and

imblished in vol. xxiii. of the Transactions of the Linnean Society. If my con-

jecture is right, Sir John Lubbock's name must take precedence of that of Dr. Brady.

Incert.e Sedis.

PONTOPSYLLUS BLONGATTJS, U. g. et sp. (PI. XIV. figS. 24-30.)

Length 2'23 mm. (1-llth of an inch). Body cylindrical ; first segment four sevenths

of the whole length of the animal and equal to twice the combined length of the remaining

three segments, which are subcqual. Abdomen very short, composed of four segments ;

the two intermediate segments, which are of about equal length, are shorter than the

first or fourth. Caudal stylets rudimentary and furnished with a moderately stout

curved plumose terminal seta and three small marginal ones ; the integument of the last

abdominal segment is covered with minute cilia, and the terminal seta of each of the

caudal stylets is curved inwards (fig. 24). Anterior antenniB short, 5-jointed, bearing a

few scattered hairs ; the anterior distal angle of the basal joint is provided with a long

plain seta that reaches beyond the apex of the antenna. The proportional lengths of the

joints are as follows : —

27 -IS . 15. 15 . 18

T 2 3 4 5 ■

The posterior antennae are 2-jointed and very short and stout ; a strong curved claw,

articulated to the exterior half of the truncate apex and opposed by a stout pointed

tooth, forms a powerful grasping-organ (fig. 20). Mandible and maxiUge rudimentary ;

the first consists of a simple, somewhat stylet-shaped appendage, the other of two strong

hooked spines attached to a stout 1-jointed basal part (figs. 27 a, b). Posterior foot-jaws

large ; the dilated basal joint carries an elongate, slender, apical appendage, the distal end

of which is clothed with fine cilia, and, becoming gradually attenuated, terminates in a

small spiral coil of about one-and-a-half turns, as shown in figure. The four pairs of

swimming-feet are all similar and consist of two short 2-jointed branches ; the exterior

distal angles of the joints of the outer branches are furnished with stout dagger-shaped

spines, finely serrate on both edges ; the broad terminal spines, which are more than twice

132

MR. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTRACA

the length of the branches from which they spring, are plain on the inner and serrate

on the outer margin ; the inner branches have no terminal spine ; both branches are

provided with several long plumose setse (fig. 29).

Sabitat. Lat. 1° 55' 5" N., long. 5° 55' 5" E., in a gathering from 360 fathoms, collected

January 22nd. One specimen only was obtained.

A form that may be an immature stage of the foregoing was obtained in a surface

tow-net gathering from Loanda Harbour, collected February 15th, and is represented by

fig. 58. The anterior antennre are 2-jointed ; the posterior foot-jaws are large and well-

developed ; the siphon is elongate, with a flattened sucker-like disk at the extremity

(fig. 30)

This form is closely analogous to the immature stage of Caligus, formerly described

as a distinct genus under the name of Chalimus.

Part II.

CLADOCERA and OSTRACODA.

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Asterope, PhUippi 140

squamiger, n. sp 140

Bairdia, M'Coy 136

inornata, n. sp 136

Cypria, Zenker 134

atlantica, n. sp 134

Cythere, Miiller 137

multicava, n. sp 137

radula, Brady . 138

rimosa, n. sp 138

sculptilis 137

thalassiea, n. sp 138

venusta, n. sp 138

Cytherella, Jones 144

Page

Cytherella africana, n. sp 144

pumilla, n. sp 144

Cytheropteron, G. 0. Sars 139

trilobitos, Brady 139

Cytherura, G. 0. Sars 139

simulans, n. sp 139

Evadno, Loven 133

Nordmanni, Loven 133

Halocypris, Dana 141

aculeata, n. sp 142

atlantica, Bana 141

brevirostris, Dana 141

elongata, ii. sp 141

Page

Halocypris punica, n. sp 143

torosa, n. sp 142

Penilia, Dana 132

orientalis, Da^ia 132

Phlyctenopliora, Brady 135

africana, n. sp 135

Pontocjpris, G. 0. Sars 136

subreniformis, n. sp 136

trigonella, G. 0. Sars. . . 136

SarsieUa, No7-man 140

Murrayana, u. sp 140

Xestoleberis, G. 0. Sars 139

margaritea, Brady 139

CLADOCERA.

Cladocera were exceedingly rare in regard to the number of species observed, only

two species having been obtained in the whole of the ' Buccaneer ' collections. They

FEOM THE GULF OF GUIXEA, 133

represented, however, two widely prevailing groups — the Calt/ptomera and Ghjnomera ;

the fii'st is confined almost exclusively to fresh and brackish water, while species belonging

to the other are to be found in fresh water and also in the open sea.

The following are the two species referred to : —

CALYPTOMEBA.

Family PENILID^, Dana.

Genus Penilia, Dana (1853).

Penilia orientalis, Dana.

1853. PenUia orientalis, Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped. p. 1270, pi. Ixxxix. fig. 3 a-e.

SaUtat. Loanda Harbour, in three surface tow-net gatherings, collected February 15th.

A number of specimens were observed.

GYMNOMEBA.

Family POLYPHEMIDiE, Baird.

Genus Evadne, Loven.

EvADNE NoEDMANNi, Loven.

This species was obtained in a number of the tow-net gatherings.

OSTPvACODA.

Comparatively few Ostracoda were obtained in the ' Buccaneer ' collections. The

Ostracoda, with the exception of Halocypris and a few others, live among the weed, or

on the sand and mud at the bottom of the water, and can be captured only by the dredge

or other implement suited for collecting bottom material ; dead shells of Ostracods,

however, may be frequently obtained by carefully examining the sand or other debris on

the shore. As, therefore, the ' Buccaneer ' collections consisted chiefly of tow-net

gatherings, pelagic species, as Halocypris, were the only forms observed in. all but a very

few of the gatherings.

Several species of Cythere, as well as one or two of other genera belonging both to the

Cypridse and Cytheridse, were obtained in a surface gathering from a lagoon at Sao

Thome Island, in another from Loanda Harbour, and in a third collected off the mouth

of the River Congo.

1^- ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

One of the most interesting captures was an Ostracod closely allied to Cypria exsculpta

(Fischer), which in this Report is named provisionally C]jpna atlantica; it was

obtained in the gathering collected off the mouth of the River Congo, referred to above,

at about 40 miles from land. It is well known to students of the Entomostraca that

several species of the Cypridae, as, for example, Cypria ophthalmica (Jurine), Cypris

prasina, Fischer, Candona Candida (Milller), &c., though usually or frequently obtained

in fresh water, are nevertheless occasioually obtained also in water more or less brackish,

but have not been known to occur in the open sea, except as dead shells ; it is therefore

interesting to find a species closely resembling a freshwater Cy^ma living in the sea so

many miles from land.

It is possible that the fresh water poured into the sea by the River Congo may extend

to a distance of 40 miles or more from land before it becomes thoroughly mingled with the

water of the Atlantic, and may thus form a suitable hahUat for a species which possibly

would not be able to Live in pure sea-water. Whether this be tbe correct explanation

of the occurrence of a Cypria so far out at sea, or not, it is a subject of some interest as

bearing on the distribution of species.

It may he stated in connexion with this that several surface tow-net gatherings were

collected off the mouth of the Congo, and within a few miles of each other, but the

Cypria was observed only in the one mentioned under the description of the species.

Though the Ostracoda described in this Report be comparatively few in number, they

nevertheless include representatives of three out of the four principal Groups, viz. : —

the Podocopa, the Myodocopa, and the Platycopa. The following are the descriptions

of species obtained belonging to these three Groups : —

I. PODOCOPA.

Family CYPRID^.

Cypria, Zenker (1854).

(?) Cypkia atlantica, n. sp. (PI. XIV. figs. 31-33 ; PI. XV. figs. 16, 20, 21, 25.)

Shell compressed ; seen from the side, the dorsal margin is considerably arched,

hio-hest and somewhat angular in front of the middle ; the dorsal margin slopes gently

backwards from the highest part in a nearly straight line till it joins the broadly curved

posterior margin ; the front slojie has a greater declivity and is very slightly curved, and

niero-es in the boldly rounded anterior margin ; ventral margin nearly straight. Greatest

height equal to two-thirds of the length. Outline seen from above ovate ; sides evenly

rounded, widest behind the middle ; greatest width equal to about seven sixteenths of

the leno'th ; extremities acutely angular, but more so in front than behind ; the sides

also converge more gradually towards the anterior extremity than they do posteriorly.

Surface of shell ornamented with impressed reticulate lines, having the interspaces

FEOM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 135

covered with minute clots that appear to have a linear arrangement when viewed iu

certain positions. Length of shell '61 mm. (l-41st of an inch). Antennules 7-

jointed, hasal joint large, the others small ; the formula shoAv s the relative lengths of the

joints : —

32 . 10 ■ 11 . 8 ■ 7 . 6 . 9

1.2.3.4.5.6.7'

The last tw^o or three joints are provided with several long plain sette ; there are also a

few scattered sette on the other joints. Antennae 4-jointed; the proportional lengths

of the joints are as follows : —

10 ■ 14 ■ 10 . 4

1.2.3.4'

Pive long and nearly equal setse spring from the end of the second joint ; the terminal

claws reach only to about the middle of the setse. Post-abdomen moderately stout,

armed at the apex with two strong, curved, and nearly equal claws, and a small seta ; a

small seta also sj)rings from near the middle of the lower margin of the post-abdomen.

Sabitat. Lat. 5° 53' 0" S., long. 11 31' 1" E., in a surface tow-net gathering collected

11.30 P.M., February 18th. (Off the mouth of the Ptiver Congo, about 40 miles from

land.)

A considerable number of specimens w'ere obtained. The occiu'rence in the open sea

of a species so closely related to a freshwater Cijpria is of interest as forming another

link connecting the truly freshwater with the truly marine Ostracoda.

Pigure 33, PI. XIV., is that of an immature specimen.

Phltctenophora, Brady (1S80).

Phlyctenophora africana, n. sp. (PI. XIV. figs. 31, 35 ; PI. XV. figs. 17-19.)

Shell elongate ovate ; seen from the side the dorsal margin forms a depressed arch,

rather highest in front of the middle ; ventral margin sinuated in front, gently

convex behind ; anterior extremity somewhat attenuate and evenly rounded ; posterior

margin slightly produced and angular below the middle ; greatest height equal to five

tAvelfths of the length. The outline seen from above is compressed ovate, widest in the

middle ; greatest width a little more than a third of the length ; sides tapering similarly

and evenly to both extremities, which are subacute. Length 1 mm. (l-25th of an inch).

Antennules 7-jointed ; relative lengths of the joints nearly as in the formula : —

22 . 5 . 5 . .5 . 6 . 4 . 4

12 3 4 5 6 7'

The last joint bears a moderately stout and long apical spine ; the other joints are more

or less setiferous; setse plain. Anteimse 6-jointed, sparingly setiferous ; the first three

joints large, the last three small, as shown by the relative lengths of the joints given in

the formula : —

17 . 16 . 17 . 4 ■ 7 . 3

1 2 3 4 5 6'

236 MR, T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTRACA

A fascicle of about six short seise springs from the side and near the distal end of the

third joint, while the penultimate joint carries one spine, and the last joint two

moderately long claw-like spines. Post-abdomen short, stout, and armed with two

strong terminal claws, setiferous on the lower distal half, and a few small setse.

Babitat. Loanda Harbour, in a surface tow-net gathering, collected February 13th,

Several specimens were obtained.

PoNTOCYPRis, G. O. Sars (1865).

PoNTOCTPRis TRiGONELLA, G. O. Sars. (PI. XIV. figs. 36, 37.)

1865. Pontocypris trigonella, G. O. Sars, Oversigt af Norges Marine Ostrac. p. 16.

1889. Pontocypris trigonella, Brady and Normau, Mou. M. & F.-w. Ostrac. of the N. Atlantic and

N.W. Europe, p. 109, pi. xxii. figs. 18-25, pi. x.xiii. fig. 6.

Sabitat. Sao Thome Island, in a surface tow-net gathering from a shore-lagoon,

collected January 27th. One specimen only was obtained.

(?) Pontocypris subreniformiSjU. sp. Provisional name. (PI. XIV. figs. 38, 39.)

Outline of the shell seen from the side subreniform ; dorsal margin considerably

arched ; extremities similarly and somewhat obliquely rounded ; ventral margin slightly

concave ; greatest height at the middle scarcely equal to four ninths of the length.

Seen from above oblong ovate, widest at the middle, tapering at the sides from the

middle to each end in nearly straight lines; extremities obtusely pointed. Greatest

width equal to rather more than one third the length. Length 58 mm.

Sabitat. In the same gathering with the last.

Family BAIRDIID^.

Bairdia, M'Coy (1814).

Bairdia inornata, n. sp. (PI. XIV. figs. 40, 41.)

Viewed laterally the dorsal margin of the shell is boldly arcuate ; highest a little

behind the middle ; at the highest the dorsal margin is obtusely angular, and from

thence it slopes rapidly downwards on both sides, but more so behind than in front, till

it merges in the evenly rounded extremities ; ventral margin gently sinuated ; greatest

height equal to two-thirds of the length. The outline of the shell seen from above is

compressed ovate ; greatest width slightly behind the middle and equal to about five

twelfths of the length ; the sides curve regularly towards both ends ; extremities sub-

acute; surface of valves smooth. Length -7 mm.

Babitat. Lat. 5° 53' 0" S., long. 11 31' 1" E. ; in a surface tow-net gathering collected

at 11.30 P.M., February 18th. One specimen only obtained : it was in the same gathering

with Cypria atiantica, already described, and which was taken oflP the mouth of the

River Congo, at about 40 miles from land.

FROM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 137

Pamily CYTHEEID/E.

Cythere, Miiller (1785).

Cytheue mtjlticava, n. sp. (PL XIV. figs. 42, 43; PI. XV. figs. 13, 15.)

Shell elongate, rather tumid ; seen from the side, dorsal margin highest and bluntly

angular in front of the middle ; thence it slopes gently backwards in a nearly

straight line to the rounded, obscurely crenate, posterior end ; anterior uiargin oblique,

interiorly rounded and crenulate, ilatteued al)ove, and sloping posteriorly upward to the

hinge-prominence. Heigiit rather less than half the length. As seen from above

oblong, sides nearly parallel, slightly gibbous in front; width about two fitths of the

length ; posterior extremity broadly rounded at the sides, centrally produced and trun-

cate ; anteriorly the valves taper gently to the obtusely pointed extremity. Shell

ornamented with numerous small circular depressions arranged in irregular lines.

Length '77 mm.

Antennules 6-jointed, first and second joints long, the others small ; their relative

lengths ai"e as follows : —

25 . 27 ■ 10 . 6 . 8 . 10

I 2 0 4~5 6'

A stout spine springs from the exterior distal angle of the third, fourth, and fifth, and

from the apex of the last joint.

First and third joints of the antennse elongate, subequal, about three times as long as

the second joint; last joint very small, aiKl furnished with two apical spines. A long,

hair-like appendage carried by the second joint is connected by a duct with a (?) poison-

gland situated at the base of the antennae.

Habitat. Loanda Harbour, in a gathering collected February 13th. A few specimens

only were obtained.

Cytheue sculptilis, n. sp. (PL XIV. figs. 4f, 45.)

Shell : viewed laterally, the outline of the shell is broad and ol)liquely rounded in front,

narrow behind ; greatest height in front of the middle equal to fully half the length ;

dorsal margin forming a sinuous declivity towards the posterior end ; posterior extremity

subtruncate, somewhat produced below and bluntly dentate ; lower part of anterior

margin crenate or bluntly toothed, ventral margin shallow concave. Seen from above,

subquadrangular ; anterior end truncate ; sides subparallel, sinuated ; greatest width

scarcely equal to half or three sevenths of the length, constricted behind the middle,

gently rounded and converging posteriorly. Towards the posterior end the edges of the

valves become flattened and are produced backwards, and terminate in obliquely truncate

ends as in the figures. Length "54 mm.

Habitat. With the last in a surface tow-net gathering from a lagoon, Sao Thome

Island. One specimen only obtained.

second series. — zoology, vol. VI. 18

138 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

Cythere radula, Brady.

Cijthere radula, Brady, Report on the ' Challenger ' Copepoda, p. 102, pi. xix. fig. 4 a, b.

Habitat. Lagoon, Silo Thome Island, in tlie same gathering with the last. A single

valve evidently belonging to Cythere radula was obtained, but was broken while being

examined.

Cythere rimosa, n. sp. (PL XIV. figs. i6, 47.)

Shell tumid; seen from the side the dorsal margin is highest behind the middle, thence

it slopes gently in a nearly straight line to the anterior end, but merges behind into the

boldly and somewhat obliquely rounded posterior margin ; front margin subtrancate,

the lower part of the shell slightly produced ; greatest height equal to fully half the

length. The outline seen from above subovate, sides nearly parallel, but somewhat

wider in front of the middle ; thence they converge in a gently rounded curve to the

posterior end, which is slightly emarginate; greatest width scarcely equal to half the

length. Posterior extremity subtriaugular, with the apex truncate. Surface of the

valve curiously sculptured, with flattened ridges arranged in irregular and more or less

oblique lines extending across the shell. Length -6 mm.

Habitat. Lagoon, Sao Thome Island, in a surface tow-net gathering, collected January

27th, also the same gathering with Gypria atlantica collected off the mouth of the river

Congo, at about 40 miles from land, February 18th.

Cythere thalassica, n. sp. (PI. XIV. tigs. 48, 49.)

Outline of shell, seen from the side, narrow, elliptical, highest at the middle ; greatest

height scarcely equal to half the length ; dorsal margin gently and evenly arched, ventral

margin nearly straight ; both extremities similarly and boldly rou.nded. Seen from above,

ovate, rather widest at the middle, width and height about equal; anteriorly the sides, which

are slightly rounded, converge gently towards the obtusely jiointed extremity ; posterior

end l)roadly and moderately convex. Surfaces of valves smooth. Length -85 mm.

Habitat. In a lagoon, Sao Thome Island, in a surface tow-net gathering, collected

January 27th. One or two specimens only obtained.

Cythere venijsta, n. sp. (PI. XIV. figs. 50, 51.)

Shell, seen from the side, broadly eUiptieal ; greatest height behind the middle, scarcely

equal to half the length. The dorsal margin is slightly arcuate, middle portion forming

a nearly straight line, but gently curved in front to where it joins the boldly and evenly

rounded anterior extremity ; posterior margin moderately and regularly convex ; ventral

margin slightly concave. Seen from above the shell is broadly ovate, widest behind the

middle ; greatest width equal to five twelfths of the length ; sides evenly rovinded, con-

verging gently towards the anterior extremity, but more convex posteriorly ; extremities

bluntly angular ; valves somewhat unequal, the right being rather smaller than the left.

Surface of the valves ornamented with flattened and gently curved longitudinal ribs placed

PROM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 139

side by side, extending from the posterior extremity, but becoming obsolete towards the

anterior end, where they run out into shallow circular depressions ; the front margin is

marked with a number of impressed, short, radiating lines. Length -8 mm. (l-31st of

an inch).

Habitat. Loanda Harbour, in a surface tow-net gathering, collected February 13th.

One specimen only obtained.

This species closely resembles Cijtlicre costellata, lloemer, an ostracod obtained fossil

in the Tertiary deposits of England and also in France.

Xestolebeuis, G. O, Sars (1865).

Xestolebekis (?) MARGARiTEA (Brady).

18G5. Cytheridea margaritea, Brady, Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. v. p. 370, pi. Iviii. fig. 6, a, b.

1880. Xestokbtris margaritea, Brady, Report ou the ' Challenger ' Copepoda, p. 127, pi. xxx. fig. 2, a, h.

Habitat. Lagoon, Sao Thome Island, in a surface tow-net gathering, collected January

27th ; several species were obtained. 'IlhaXestoleberis now recorded, when viewed laterally,

differs from X. margaritea described and figured hi the ' Challenger ' Pi-eport in being

rather more pointed at the anterior end, but otherwise it seems to agree with that

species ; it also agrees with the figures of the same species in the ' Monograph of the

Marine and Fresh-water Ostracoda of the North Atlantic and North-western Europe,'

by Brady and Norman, ji. 246.

Cytherura, G. O. Sars.

Cytuerura simulans, n. sp. (PL XIV. figs. 52, 53.)

Shell, viewed laterally, subovate ; greatest height behind the middle equal to about

four ninths of the length ; dorsal margin moderately and evenly arched ; ventral margin

slightly concave ; beak subcentral, obtuse, more prominent than in Cytherura similis,

G. O. Sars, which the species now described somewhat resembles; anterior extremity

evenly rounded and slightly oblique ; the outline seen from above is subovate, widest

behind the middle ; width equal to the height ; sides flattened centrally, converging and

gently curved ; anterior subtruncate behind, with the middle part shortly produced to a

blunt pointed apex ; anterior extremity subacuminate. Length •16 mm.

Habitat. Loanda Harbour, in a surface tow-net gathering, collected February 13th.

One specimen only obtained.

Cytheropteron, G. O. Sars (1865).

Cytheropteron trilobitis, Brady. (PI. XIV. figs. 51, 55.)

1880. Cytheropteron trilobitis, Brady, On Ostracoda collected by H. B. Brady in South Sea Islands,

Traus. R. S. E. vol. xxxv. pt. ii. p. 511, pi. iii. figs. 22, 23.

Habitat. In a lagoon, Sao Thome Island, in a tow-net gathering, collected January 27.

Only a few valves of this species were obtained ; it differs very little from the ' Challenger '

specimen.

18*

140 MR. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

II. 3IYOBOC0PA.

Family CYPEIDINID/E, Baird.

Genus Asterope, Philippi.

AsTEROPE SQUAMiGEE, D. sji. (PL XIV. figs. 56, 57 ; PI. XV. figs. 14, 22, 23, 26.)

Female. Shell, seen from the side, subrotundate, highest at the middle, convex and evenly

rounded in front; dorsal margin nearly straight; extremities evenly rounded; the

posterior curve slightly oblique, notch well defined, beak subacute, height equal to four

fifths of the length. Length 1-15 mm. Seen from above ovate, tumid, widest at the

middle ; width equal to tbree fifths of the length ; sides moderately and regularly convex ;

posterior extremity obtusely rounded ; valves slightly produced in the middle ; anterior

extremity emarginate. Surface of shell ornamented with small squamiferous markings.

Antennules 6-jointed and of moderate length, the second to the fifth joints subequal,

the last very small and furnished with several slender apical setfe and a slightly hooked

claw. Secondary branches of antenna) 3-jointcd, ; first and third joints short, the last

bearing a short seta at its apex. Pirst maxillse nearly as in Astero])e teres, Jones ; post-

abdomen armed with about six spines, the first large iiud serrate on the j)Osterior edge,

the next three shorter and plumose and apparently articulated near the l)ase, the others

very small.

Habitat. (?) Lagoon, Sao Thome Island, in a surface tow-net gathering, collected

during night, January 27th. Two specimens only.

Sarsiella, Norman, 1868.

Sarsiella Murrayana, n. sp. (PI. XIV. fig. 58 ; PL XV. figs. 24, 28, 29, 31.)

Male. Shell laterally compressed in front, tumid behind, seen from the side subrotund;

height equal to three fourths of the length ; dorsal margin slightly convex ; front margin

boldly rounded and continuous with the anterior end ; posterior extremity produced in

front into a blunt-pointed, triangular, beak-like process ; dorsal angle at the junction of

the posterioi" and dorsal margin rounded ; there is a small, tumid, triangular, tooth-like

process a little behind the dorsal angle (fig. 40). Surface of the shell covered with small

puncture-like markings.

Antennules 4-joiiited ; first joint elongate, second and third subequal and shorter than

the first; last joint fully three fourths the length of the preceding and furnished with

several apical setse of moderate length ; second joint of natatory branch rather longer

than the next two joints together ; third to the last joints small, subequal. Post-

abdomen armed with a long, powerful, terminal claw and four spines of varying length

on the posterior distal margin. Ovii'erous foot nearly as in Asterope Ilarice (Baird).

Length •93 mm.

Kahltal. Lagoon, Sao Thome Island, in a surface tow-net gathering collected during

night, January 27th. Two specimens only obtained.

FEOM THE GULF OF GUINEA. 141

Family CONCHCECID.E.

Subfamily II A l o c Y p ii i N je, Daua.

Geuus IIalocypris, Dana (1853).

Halocypbis brevirostuis, Dana.

1853. Halocypris hrevirostr'ts, Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped. p. 1303, pi. xci. fig. 9, a-c.

Habitat. From the following-, among other localities : —

January .5th, lat. 5 58' 0" N., long. It' 10' 0" W., surface gatherings.

The first of these gatherings was collected in Lhe evening after dark, the others during the

day. The specimens observed in any of the gatherings were comparatively few in number.

Halocypris elongata, n. sp. (PL XV. figs. 1, 2, 27, 30.)

Shell, seen from the side, elongate, anterior extremity rounded below the notch and

continuous with the ventral margin ; ventral and dorsal margins nearly straight, dorsal

produced posteriorly so as to be considerably longer than the ventral ; posterior margin

oblique, nearly straight, forming an acute angle at its junction with the dorsal edge; the

ventral angle obtusely rounded ; shell highest posteriorly, greatest height fully one third

of the length. Length 3' 2 mm. Seen from above, elongate ovate, widest at the middle,

width equal to rather less than one third of the length ; from the middle the shell tapers

and becomes much compressed towards the posterior extremity, which is somewhat

obtuse ; anteriorly the width decreases more gradually to the base of the rostrum,

whence the valves rapidly converge to the sharp pointed extremity of the beak ; surface of

the valves smooth. The setre of the anterior antenna; of the female are four short and one

long ; the second joint is s(jmewhat shorter than that which precedes or follows ; the last

joint is very short. The distal part of the tentacle seems to be continuous with the basal

portion instead of sagittifoi'm as in Halocypris atlaiitica, Lubbock. Natatory branch of

the posterior antennie slender ; secondary branch small ; first joint somewhat dilated and

furnislied with two small spines; apical joint small, bearing five setae — two very small,

two elongate and reaching to near the extremity of the apical seta^ of the primary branch,

and one about half as lung.

Habitat. From several localities, among which arc the following : —

January lOtli, lat. 3" 0' 8" N., long. 7' 13' 0" W., 50 fathoms (Station 9).

20th, „ 3 55' 3" N., „ 4^ 7' 3" E., 30 fathoms.

22nd, „ 1' 55' 5" X., „ 6' 55' 5" E., 20, 30, and 35 fathoms.

February 5th, „ 4^ 20' 7" S., „ 10 1' 8" E., 20 and 30 fathoms (Station 23).

This species was not observed in any surface toAV-net gathering.

142 MR. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

Haloctpeis torosa, n. sp. (PL XV. figs. 3, 4, 32, 35, 37.)

Shell tumid ; surface of valves finely reticulated. Seen from the side the dorsal margin

is nearly straight, slightly sinuate ; a sulcus begins near the middle of the dorsal margin

and passes obliquely backward across each valve ; the tumidity extends downward, anterior

to the sulcus, and overhangs the nearly straight ventral margin. A second, though

very shallow, groove is observed in some of the more robust specimens, between the sub-

central sulcus and the posterior extremity. Posterior margin truncate, dorsal angle

slightly produced; at the anterior end the ventral margin rises obliquely in a nearly

straight line and merges in the small rounded angle below the notch. The beak is a

hood-like process with broad overhanging sides. Shell highest at the posterior end ;

height equal to nearly half the length ; length 3"75 mm. Seen from above oblong-

ovate, widest behind the middle ; greatest width equal to two fifths the length.

Sides sinuous, posterior extremity rounded, anterior end bluntly angular. Anterior

antennae with four apical setai and a curved hair- like filament; one of tlie ajiical

setce is very long and is provided with a fringe of small teeth on a portion of the

proximal half, similar to Ilalocypris imhricuta ; a small plumose seta springs from near

the middle of the penultimate joint. The blunt-pointed arrow-like head of the tentacle

reaches slightly beyond the extremity of the antennae. Secondary branch of the posterior

antennae furnished with a stout plumose seta on the enlarged basal joint ; the small

terminal joint benrs an extremely long ringed seta, another about one third as long, and

five very small setae, as well as a strongly-hooked claw. The first foot consists of four

moderately long subequal joints, wiiich are sparingly setiferous, and a very small terminal

joint furnished with three long plumose setae.

Habitat. The following are some localities where this species was obtained : —

January 5th, lat. 5° 58' 0" N., long. If 20' 0" W., collected near surface.

4^ 7' 3" E., 20 and 30 fathoms.

5° 7' 8" E., 20 fathoms (Station 14).

5° 55' 5" E., 35 and 460 fathoms.

6° 36' 6" E., 10 fathoms.

This species appears to be intermediate between II. atlantka, Lubbock, and H. imbri-

cata, Brady.

Halocypris aculeata, n. sp. (PI. XV. figs. 5, 6, 33, 34, 38.)

Shell seen from the side highest at the middle, height nearly equal to half the length ;

dorsal margin straight, right valve terminating posteriorly in a short backward- directed

spine-like process, similar to that at the anterior extremity of the left valve ; ventral

margin convex, evenly rounded, and forming a continuous curve from the postei'O-dorsal

spine round to the shallow notch under the beak in front. Seen from above elongate-

ovate, widest at the middle, evenly rounded, and tapering to the posterior extremity;

tapering and somewhat sinuate anteriorly. Valves smooth. Length 1 mm.

FllOiX THE GULF OF GUINEA. Ii3

Antcnnules in the female provided with numerous apical setce of moderate length (fig. 51-).

The last joint of the male antennule is ahruptly curved and furnished witli a dense sub-

apical fascicle of short hairs, besides several terminal setre, one of which is of considerable

length and much longrr than the others ; tentacle very slender and scarcely reaching to

the extremity of the antennule.

Secondary bninch of the male antennae nearly two thirds the length of the natatory

branch and furnished with two apical setae — one extremely long and one about two fifths

the length of the other. The antcnnal hook, which is sliglitly dentate on the inner

margin at the distal end, carries one short seta and two elongate ones on the exterior

edge, immediately behind the geniculation (fig. 55).

KaUtut. Lat. 0 19' 2" S., long. T 19' 0" E. This is the nearest observed position to

where the material containing specimens of this sjiecies was collected. It was a surface

gathering, collected at 8.45 p.bi. ; the position recorded was taken about 40 minutes

earlier on February 2nd.

The drawings of the side and dorsal views are from two specimens which differed some-

what in size. The length of the spines at the extremities of the dorsal margin varies in

different specimens.

Haloctpris punica, n. sp. (PL XV. figs. 7, 8, 39, 40.)

Shell (male) robust, subcentrally gibbous. Outline as seen from the side : — Dorsal

margin sinuated ; ventral margin slightly convex, immediately posterior to the subcentral

gibbosity, then bending up posteriorly in a flattened curve to a little below the horizontal

middle line of the shell ; thence the posterior extremity recedes upward in a gentle

slope to the dorsal margin, with which it forms a bluntly-rounded obtuse angle ; the

anterior margin is boldly convex below the notch, then evenly and gently rounded

inferiorly, where it merges into the ventral margin. Greatest height fully eqiial to half

the length. Beak prominent, stout. Seen from above, broadly and rather irregularly

ovate; greatest breadth, in front of the middle, equal to about half the length ; posterior

extremity bluntly rounded ; anterior end subacute. Antennules furnished with nine

apical seta?, the two inner ones abrujitly twice geniculated at the base ; two of the outer

rather longer than the others, and bearing a double row of small spiniform teeth near

the middle ; tentacle .slender and extending considerably beyond the apex of the anten-

nules. Secondary branch of the antennae short and stout, basal part dilated. The upper

margin with two processes — one narrow and tooth-like, the other larger and bearing two

small spines ; apical joint furnished with two terminal elongate setae, three small sub-

marginal filaments, and a small hook ; the hook has the inner margin at the distal end

slightly crenate or toothed. Several of the plumose seta^ of the natatory brancli are

thickened or spatulate at the extremity. Length "77 mm.

Habitat. Station 9 (lat. 3' 0' 8" N., long. 7' 43' 0" W.), 50 fathoms, in a tow-net

gathering, collected January 10th. A few specimens only were obtained.

144 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

III. FLATYCOPA.

Pamily CITHEEELLID^, G. O. Sars.

Genus Cttherella, JoBes (1S49).

CrXHEBELLA AFRICANA, n. sp. (PL XV. figs. 9, 10, 36, 41, 42.)

As seen from the side, the valves of the shell are broadly elliptical ; dorsal margin

flatly and somewhat unevenly rounded ; ventral margin slightly concave, extremities

boldly convex. Shell rather highest behind the middle ; height fully half the length.

Seen from above, the greatest breadth is near the posterior end, which is subtruncate ;

the sides are slightly curved and converge gently towards the anterior extremity, which

is somewhat emarginate. Surface of valves smooth. Length -86 mm. (l-29th of an inch),

Anterior antenna? 7-jointed, setiferous, the last joint with three spines fully twice the

length of the joint ; the secondary branch of the posterior antennae scarcely equal in

length to the first joint of the larger branch; post-abdominal laminse armed on the

exterior margin and apex ^\•it]^ several strong divaricate spines ; inner margin with three

or four smaller spines, having one of the edges setose (fig. 42).

Habitat. Loanda Harbour, in a surface tow-net gathering, collected Eebruary 13th.

1886. The form of the shell of this species closely resembles Cytherella scotica, Brady.

It differs in being scarcely so truncate behind ; seen from above, the sides of the shell

are more distinctly curved in outline, and the dorsal margin, seen from the side, is slightly

convex instead of concave.

(?) Cytherella pumila. (PI. XV. figs. 11, 12.)

Shell outline, seen from the side, broadly elliptical ; dorsal margin flatly convex and

obscurely angulated ; greatest height equal to five ninths of the length ; ventral margin

gently and evenly rounded; extremities also moderately convex, but the anterior end is

rather narrower than the other and somewhat oblique. Seen from above, ovate ; greatest

breadth behind the middle and equal to four ninths of the length ; sides evenly rounded ;

extremities subacute. Length "57 mm.

Habitat. Loanda Harbour, in a surface tow-net gathering collected Februaiy 13th.

A single perfect specimen only was obtained and two valves.

DESCRIPTION OE THE PLATES.

Plate I.

Paracalanus pygmcevs (Clans?).

Fig. 1. Female, lateral view. X 53.

2. Anterior antenna. x 84.

3. Posterior antenna, x 165.

4. Posterior foot-jaw. x 170.

Fig. 5. Foot of seeond pair, x 125.

6. Foot of fourth pair, x 125.

7. Foot of fifth pair. x 250.

8. Abdomen and caudal stylets, x 125.

FROM THE GULF OF GUINEA.

145

Paracalanus parvus (Claus)

ig. 9. Female, dorsal view, x 40.

10. Foot of first pair, x 95.

11. Foot of fourth pair. x 95.

Fig. 12. Foot of fifth pair, female, x 190.

13. Foot of fifth pair, male, x 125.

14. Abdomen and caudal stylets. x 63.

Fig. 15. Female, dorsal view, x 10.

IG. Posterior antenna. x 18.

17. Mandible, x 13.

18. Maxilla, x 13.

19. Anterior foot-jaw. x 23.

Eucalanus spinifer, n. sp.

Fig. 20. Posterior foot-jaw. x 13.

21. Foot of first pair. X 35.

22. Foot of third pair. X 35.

23. Foot of fifth pair, x 86.

Augaptilis longicaudatus (Claus).

Fig. 24. Female, dorsal view, x 12.

25. Posterior antenna. X 28.

Fig. 26. Anterior foot-jaw {a, one of the seta

more highly magnified). X 35.

Mecynocera Clausi, I. C. Thompson.

Fig. 27. Male, dorsal view. X 32.

28. Female, lateral view. X 32.

29. Anterior antenna. X 35.

30. Posterior antenna. X 125.

Fig. 31. Posterior foot-jaw. X 84.

32. Foot of first pair, x 100.

33. Foot of fourth paii-. X 100.

34. Foot of fifth pair. X 125.

Calocalanus plumulosim (Claus) .

Fig. 35. Foot of fifth pair. X 125. | Fig. 36. Abdomen and caudal stylets, x 63.

Augaptilis hecticus, Giesbrecht.

Fig. 37. Anterior antenna, male. X 23.

38. Posterior antenna. X 18.

Fig. 39. Foot of fifth pair, female, x 86.

Plate II.

Augaptilis hecticus, Giesbrecht.

Fig. 1. Posterior foot-jaw. X 70.

2. Foot of second pair of swimming-feet.

X 43.

Fig. 3. Terminal spine of outer branch of fourth

pair. X 345.

4. Fifth pair of thoracic feet, male, x |70.

Augajjtilis longicaudatus (Claris).

Fig. 5. Abdomen and caudal stylets, x 23.

Hemicalanus plumosua, Claus.

Fig. 6. Posterior foot-jaw. x 32.

SECOND SERIES. — ZOOLOGY, VOL. VI.

19

146

ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

Fig. 7. Mandible. X 125.

8. Anterior foot-jaw, X 165

Mecynocera Clausi, I. C. Thompson.

Fig. 9. Abdomen and candal stylets, female. 63 X.

10. Abdomen and caudal stylets, male. X 63.

Rhincalanus aculeatus, n. sp.

Fig. 11. Female, dorsal view. X 12'5.

13. Female, lateral view, x 12"5.

13. Anterior antenna. X 12'5.

14. Posterior antenna. X 20.

15. Mandible. X 76.

16. Maxilla, x 17.

17. Anterior £oot-jaw. x 40.

Fig. 18. Posterior foot-jaw. X 32.

19. Foot of first pair. X 38.

20. Foot of second pair, x 30.

21. Foot of fourth pair, x 30.

22. Foot of fifth pair. X 38.

23. (?) Immature female, x 10.

24. Foot of fifth pair of same. X

17.

Fig. 25. Female, dorsal view. X 9.

26. Anterior antenna.

27. Posterior antenna.

28. Mandible. X 18.

29. Maxilla. X 18.

30. Anterior foot-jaw.

31. Posterior foot-jaw.

32. Foot of first pair.

Aziffaptilis Rattrayi, n. sp.

Fig. 33. Foot of third pair, x 20.

34. Foot of fifth pair, x 28.

35. Rostrum, x 32.

36. Portion of seta of the posterior foot-jaw

{aa, " buttons " more highly magni-

fied). X 380,

37. Portion of test highly magnified.

Fig. 38. Male, dorsal view. X 20.

39. Anterior antenna, female.

40. Mandible. X 115.

Augaptilis hecticus, Giesbrecht.

Fig. 41. Anterior foot-jaw. X 70.

X 13. 42. Abdomen and caudal stylets, female.

X 20.

Heterocalanus serricaudata, n. sp.

Fig. 43. Female, dorsal view. X 32.

44. Female, lateral \Aew [a, ovisac more

highly magnified). X 32.

45. Posterior foot-jaw. X 190.

Fig. 46. Foot of fifth pair, female. X 135.

47. Abdomen and caudal stylets, female.

X 7G.

48. Abdomen and caudal stylets, male. X 76.

Plate III.

Heterocalanus serricaudatus, n. sp.

Fig. 1. Antenior antenna, female, x 100.

2. Right anterior antenna, male, x 76.

3. Posterior antenna, x 70.

4. Mandible («, mandible palp), x 190.

Fig. 5. Anterior foot-jaw. x 250.

6. One of the swimming-feet, x 128.

7. Fifth pair of thoracic feet, male, x 150.

FEOM THE GULF OF GUINEA.

147

Plettromma princeps, u. sp.

Fig. 8. Male, dorsal view, x 4.

9. Male, lateral view, x 4.

10. Right anterior antenna {a, nineteenth

joint more highly magnified), x 8.

11. Left anterior antenna, x 4.

12. Posterior antenna, x 9.

13. Mandible and palp, x 10'5.

Fig. 14. Maxilla. X 10.

15. Anterior foot-jaw. x 13'5.

16. Posterior foot-jaw. X 12.

17. Foot of first pair. X 13'5.

18. Foot of second paii'. X 13"5.

19. Foot of fourth pair, x 13*5.

20. Foot of fifth pair, x 16.

Scolecithrix latipes, n. sp, $ .

Fig. 21. Terminal spine of outer branch of fourth

swimmiug-foot. x 95.

Fig. 22. Foot of fifth pair, x 7Q>.

23. Abdomen and caudal stvlets.

X 20.

Scolecithrix major, n. sp. ? .

Fig. 24. Anterior foot-jaw. x 76.

25. Terminal spine of outer branch of third swimming-foot.

26. Foot of fifth pair, x 127.

X 12/

Fig. 27. Male, lateral view, x 27.

28. Left anterior antenna. X 35.

29. Anterior foot-jaw. x 18.

Scolecithrix dubia, Giesbrecht. ^.

Fig. 30. Terminal spine of outer branch of fourth

swimming foot. X 127.

31. Fifth pail- of thoracic feet. X 84.

32. Abdomen and caudal stylets. X 80.

Fig. 33. Female, lateral view, x 18.

34. Anterior antenna. X 22.

35, Anterior foot-jaw. x 95.

Scolecithrix tumicla, n. sp.

Fig. 36. Terminal spine of outer branch of fourth

swimmiug-foot. X 127.

37. Fifth pair of thoracic feet. X 127.

38, Abdomen and caudal stylets, x 27.

Fig. 39. Male, lateral view, x 20.

40, Anterior antenna. X 27.

41, Posterior antenna. X 23.

42, Mandible. X 47.

Amallophora typica, n. sp.

Fig. 43. Maxilla, x 47.

44. Anterior foot-jaw. x 115,

45. Posterior foot-jaw, X 35.

46. Foot of second pair-, x 35.

Plate IV.

Fig. 1, Foot of third pair, x 35.

2. Foot of fourth pair, x 35.

Amallophora typica, n. sp.

Fig. 3. Foot of fifth pair, x 57.

4. Abdomen and caudal stylets, x

19*

18.

148

MR. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

Pig. 5. Female, lateral view. X 10.

6. Anterior foot-jaw. X 127.

7. Posterior foot-jaw. x 20.

Amallophora magna, n. sp.

Fig. 8. Terminal spine of outer brancli of fourth

swimming-foot, highly magnified,

9. Foot of fifth pail'. X 125.

Pig. 10. Male, lateral view, x 13.

11. Right anterior antenna. X 20.

12. Left anterior antenna. X 20.

13. Anterior foot-jaw. X 95.

14. Posterior foot-jaw. X G3.

Amallophora dubia, n. sp.

Fig. 15. Foot of first pair, x 63.

16. Foot of fourth pair, x 48.

17. Fifth pair of thoracic feet, x 40.

18. Abdomen and caudal stylets. X 27.

Amallophora dubia, var. similis.

Fig. 19. Male, lateral view. X 18.

20. Anterior antenna. X 27.

21. Terminal sf)ine of outer branch of fourth swimming-foot.

22. Fifth pair of thoracic feet. X 63.

23. Abdomen and caudal stylets. x 27.

X 127.

Fig. 24. Female, lateral view. X 13,

. 25. Anterior foot-jaw. X 53.

26. Posterior foot-jaw. X 53.

Amallophora robusia, n. sp.

Fig. 27. Terminal spine of outer branch of fourth

swimming-foot. X 127.

28. Fifth pair of thoracic feet. X 95.

29. Abdomen and caudal stylets, x 27.

Pig. 30. Male, lateral view, x 22.

31. Anterior antenna, female. X 37.

32. Anterior antenna, male. X 37.

33. Anterior foot-jaw. x 20.

34. Fifth pair of thoracic feet, female

X 127.

Candace intermedia, n. sp.

Fig. 35. Fifth pair of thoracic feet, male, x 67.

36. Abdomen and caudal stylets, female.

X 27.

37. Abdomen and

X 27.

caudal stylets, male.

Candace varicans, Giesbrecht.

Fig. 38. Abdomen and caudal stylets, female. X 20.

39. Abdomen and caudal stylets, male. X 20.

Fig. 40. Male, lateral view, x 9.

41. Anterior antenna, female. X 13.

42. Anterior antenna, male. X 13.

43. Posterior antenna. X 27.

44. Mandible, x 27.

45. Maxilla, x 27.

46. Anterior foot-jaw. X 63.

47. Posterior foot-jaw, female.

48. Posterior foot- jaw, male.

49. Foot of first pair. X 35.

Scolecithrix securifrons, n. sp.

Fig. 50. Foot of second pair, x 27.

51. Foot of fourth pair. X 20.

52. Fifth pair of thoracic feet, female. X 40.

53. Fifth pair of thoracic feet, male, X 20.

54. Abdomen and caudal stylets, female,

dorsal view. X 16.

55. Abdomen and caudal stylets, male,

dorsal view. X 13.

56. Abdomen, female, lateral view, x 12,

X 40,

X 40,

FEOM TIIE GULF OF GUINEA.

149

Plate V.

Scolecitkrix securifrons, n. sp.

Fig. 1. Rostrum, x 27.

Scolecitkrix ctenopus, Giesbrecht. S •

Fig. 2. Male, lateral view, x 22.

3. Riglit anterior antenna, x 23.

4. Left anterior antenna, x 23.

5. Anterior foot-jaw. X 150.

Pig. 6. Posterior foot-jaw. x 127.

7. Foot of third pair. x 46.

8. Foot of fifth pair, x 42.

9. Abdomen and caudal stylets, x 34.

Scolecitkrix tenuipes, n. sp. (J .

Fig. 10. Male, lateral \dew.

11. Right anterior antenna

X 20.

X 28.

12. Left anterior antenna, x 28.

13. Anterior foot-jaw. x 115.

14. Posterior foot-jaw. x 115.

Fig. 15. Foot of second pair, x 73.

16. Foot of tldrd pair. x 73.

17. Foot of fourth pair, x 57.

18. Fifth pair. X 57.

19. Abdomen and caudal stylets. X 35.

Scolecitkrix longicornis, u. sp. ? .

Fig. 20. Female, lateral view, x 27.

21. Anterior antenna. X 36.

22. Anterior foot-jaw. X 127.

23. Posterior foot-jaw. X 85.

24. Foot of first pair. X 64.

Fig. 25. Foot of second pair, x 76.

26. Foot of third pair, x 64.

27. Foot of fifth pair. X 250.

28. Abdomen and caudal stylets.

Scolecitkrix Bradyi, Giesbrecht.

X 53.

Fig. 29. Male, lateral %-iew. x 18.

30. Anterior antenna, female. X 48.

31. Anterior antenna, male. X 53.

32. Posterior antenna, x 95.

33. Mandible. X 63.

34. Anterior foot-jaw. X 170.

35. Posterior foot-jaw. X 95.

Fig. 36. Terminal spine of outer branch of one of.

the swimming-feet, x 170.

37. Fifth pair of thoracic feet, male. X 53

38. Abdomen and caudal stylets, female.

X 40.

39. Abdomen and caudal stylets, male. X 32.

Scolecitkrix latipes, n. sp. ? .

Fig. 40. Female, lateral dew. x 12.

41. Anterior antenna. X 18

Fig. 42. Anterior foot-jaw. x 25.

43. Rostrum, x 27.

Fig. 44. Female, lateral view.

Scolecitkrix major, n. sp.

X 18. I Fig. 45. Abdomen and caudal stylets. X 20.

Fig. 46. Male, lateral view, x 13.

47. Anterior antenna. X 13.

48. Posterior antenna. X 23.

Calanus comptus, Dana. ^ .

Fig. 49. Mandible, x 35.

50. Maxilla, x 35.

150 ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

Plate VI

Calanus comptus, Dana. ^ .

Fig. 1. Posterior foot-jaw. X 56.

2. Foot of first pair. X 35.

3. Termiaal spine of outer brancli of first swimming-foot, greatly magnified.

4. Foot of fourth pair. X 23.

5. Foot of fifth pair. X 23.

Hemicalanus plumosus, Clans.

Fig. 6. Anterior foot-jaw. X 27.

Calocalanus plumulosus (Claus) .

Fig. 7. Female, lateral view. X 35. | Fig. 8. Anterior antenna. X 53.

Calocanus pavo (Dana).

Fig. 9. Female, dorsal view. X 53. | Fig. 10. Fifth pair of thoracic feet. X 115.

Pleuromma gracile, Claus.

Fig. 11. Male, dorsal view. X 17'5.

12. Right anterior antenna of the same. X 23.

13. Left anterior antenna of the same. X 35.

14. 14th joint of left anterior antenna. X 415.

Euchirella messinensis (Claus).

Fig. 15. Male, dorsal view, x 7-6. | Fig. 16. Posterior antenna. X 20.

Euchata barbata, Brady.

Fig. 17. Male, dorsal view. X 6*5.

Euchceta hebes, Giesbrecht.

Fig, 18. Male, lateral view. X 13. | Fig. 19. Fifth pair of thoracic feet. X 26.

Euchceta hebes, var. valida.

Fig. 20. Male, lateral view. X 5-8.

21. Terminal spine of outer branch of fourth swimming-feet. X 63.

22. Fifth pair of thoracic feet. X 13.

Euchceta australis, Brady.

Fig. 23. Female, dorsal view. X 9.

Euchceta (?) Hessei, var. similis.

Fig. 24. Male, lateral view. X 18. | Fig. 25. Fifth paii- of thoracic feet, x 53.

Phyllopus bidentatus, Brady.

Fig. 26. Male, dorsal view, x 10.

27. Mouth as seen from the side (a, outline, seen from above), highly magnified.

28. Fifth pair of thoracic feet. X 43.

J

PEOM THE GFLF OP GIJINEA.

Pontellopsis villosa, Brady.

151

Kg. 29.

30.

31.

Male, dorsal view, x 13.

Anterior antennaj male, x 20.

Posterior antenna, x 26.

Fig. 32. Fifth pair of thoracic feet, female. x63.

33. Fifth pair of thoracic feet, male, x 53.

34. Abdomen and caudal stylets, x 35.

Phaenna spinifera, Claus.

Fig. 35. Male, lateral \'iew. x 13.

Labidocera detruncata, var. intermedia.

Pig. 36.

37.

Fig. 39.

40.

Fig. 43.

44.

45,

Posterior foot-jaw. x 41.

Fifth pair of thoracic feet, female, x 76.

Fig. 38. Fifth pair of thoracic feet, male, X 34.

Labidocera Darwinii (Lubbock).

Posterior foot-jaw. X 50.

Fifth pair of thoracic feet, female. X 63.

Fig. 41. Fifth pair of thoracic feet, male. X 50.

42. Abdomen and caudal stylets, female.

X 38.

Pontella mediterranea, Claus.

Female, dorsal view. X 13.

Anterior antenna, female (and rostrum).

X 27.

Hinged joints of right anterior antenna,

male. X 63.

Fig. 46. Posterior foot-jaw. X 48.

47. Fifth pair of thoracic feet, female

(? immature), x 100.

48. Fifth pair of thoracic feet, mael. X 63.

Plate VII.

Phaenna spinifera, Claus.

Fig. 1. Anterior foot-jaw. x 95. | Fig- 2. Fifth pair of thoracic feet. X 50.

Labidocera detruncata, var. intermedia.

Fig. 3. Female, lateral view, x 13. | Fig. 4. Anterior antenna, male. X 20.

Labidocera Darwinii (Liibbock).

Fig. 5. Male, dorsal view, x 18.

Fig. 6, Hinged joints of right anterior antenna,

male. X 50.

Candace varicans, Giesbrecht.

Fig. 7. Anterior antenna, female, x 24.

8. Eight anterior antenna, male, x 24.

Fig. 9. Fifth pair of thoracic feet, female. X 95.

10. Fifth pair of thoracic feet, male. X 95.

Mormonilla phasma, Giesbrecht.

Fig. 11. Female, lateral view, x 27.

12. Anterior antenna, x 32.

13. Posterior antenna, x 63.

14. Mandible. X 50.

15. Maxilla. X 50.

16. Anterior foot-jaw. x 76.

Fig. 17. Posterior foot-jaw. X 95.

18. Foot of first pair, x 95.

19. Foot of second paii'. x 95.

20. Foot of fourth pair. X 76.

21. Abdomen and caudal stylets.

X 53.

152

ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

Acartia plumosa, n. sp.

-Fig. 23. Female, dorsal view, x 32.

23. Anterior antenna, female. X 63.

. 34. Right anterior antenna, male. X 63.

25. Hinged joints of male right anterior

antenna, x 253.

26. Foot of first pair. X 95.

27. Foot of fourth pair, x 7Q.

28. Fifth pair of thoracic feet, female (front

view). X 153.

Fig. 29. Foot of fifth pair, female (side view).

X 153.

30. Fifth pair of thoracic feet, male.

X 153.

31. Abdomen and caudal stylets, female.

X 50.

32. Abdomen and caudal stylets, male.

X 50.

Acartia Clausi, Giesbrecht.

Fig. 33. Male, dorsal view. X 32.

34. Anterior antenna, female. X 63.

35. Right anterior antenna, male («, hinged

joints more magnified) . X 63.

36. Foot of fourth pair, x 95.

37. Fifth pair of thoracic feet, female.

X 125.

Fig. 38. Fifth pair of thoracic feet, male.

Xl53.

39. Abdomen and caudal stylets, female,

X 50.

40. Abdomen and caudal stylets, male.

X 50. .

Paracartia dubia, n. sp.

Fig. 41. Left anterior antenna of male. X 63.

Fig. 42. Fifth pair of thoracic feet, male.

X 127.

Plate VIII.

Paracartia spinicaudata, n. sp. ? .

X 40.

X 63.

X 127.

X 127.

Fig. 1. Female, dorsal view

2. Anterior antenna.

3. Posterior antenna.

4. Mandible and palp.

5. Maxilla, x 127.

6. Anterior foot-jaw. X 127

Fig. 12. Male, dorsal view. X 27.

13. Right anterior antenna, x 63

Fig. 7. Posterior foot-jaw. x 127.

8. Foot of first pail-, x 127.

9. Foot of fourth pair, x 95.

10. Fifth pair of thoracic feet.

11. Abdomen and caudal stylets.

X 127.

X 95.

Paracartia dubia, n. sp. (J .

Fig. 14. Foot of fourth pair. X 95.

15. Abdomen and caudal stylets.

X 63.

radius armiger, Giesbrecht.

Fig. 16. Female, dorsal view, x 20.

17. Male, lateral view. X 21.

18. Anterior antenna. X 21.

19. Posterior antenna, x 23.

20. Mandible and palp. X 38.

21. Anterior foot-jaw. X 47.

Fig. 22. Posterior foot-jaw. x 39.

23. Foot of first pair, x 57.

24. Foot of second pair. X 57.

25. Foot of fourth pair, x 42.

26. Fifth pair of thoracic feet, x 85.

27. Abdomen and caudal stylets, x 39.

J

PROxM THE GULF OF GUINEA.

153

Clausocalanus latipes, n. sp. ^ .

Fig. 28. Riglit anterior antenna. X 59.

29. Mandible and palj). X 115.

30. Anterior t'oot-jaw. X 115.

31. Posterior foot-jaw. X 115.

32. Foot of first pair. X 86.

Fig. 33. Foot of seeond pair. X 86.

34. Foot of tliird pair. X 86.

35. Foot of fonrth pair. X 86.

36. Fifth pair of tlioracic feet. X 2-30.

37. Abdomen and caudal stylets. X 57.

Clausocalanus urcuicoriiis, Dana, cj .

Fig. 38. Male, lateral view, x 23.

39. Anterior antenna. X 35.

40. Posterior antenna. X 23.

41. Mandible palp. X 85.

42. Maxilla. X 113.

Fig. 43. Anterior foot-jaw

X 276.

44. Posterior foot-jaw. X 172.

45. Foot of first pair. X 115.

46. Fifth pair of tlioracic feet.

X 115.

47. Abdomen and caudal stylets. X 57.

Temoropia inaijtiinbaetisis, n. sp.

Fig. 48. Right anterior antenna of male. X 88. i Fig. 49. Mandible and palp. X 63.

Plate IX.

Temoropia mayumbaensis, n. sp

Fi

7. Inner branch of seeond thoracic feet.

X 95.

8. Fifth pair of tlioracic feet, female. X 95.

9. Fifth pair of thoracic feet, male. X 95.

10. Abdomen and caudal stylets, female,

dorsal view. X 63.

11. Abdomen of female, lateral view. x63.

12. Abdomen and caudal stylets, male. x63.

Temora Jongicornis (M tiller).

Fig. 13. Fifth pair of thoracic feet, male. X 95.

Oithona minuta, n. sj).

Fig. 14. Female, dorsal view, x 72.

15. Anterior antenna, female, x 169.

16. Anterior antenna, male, x 230.

17. Posterior antenna, x 230.

18. Mandible, x 270.

19. Mandible palp, x 2.30.

20. Anterior foot-jaw. X 230.

SECOND SERIES. — ZOOLOGY, VOL. VI.

Fig. 21. Posterior foot-jaw. X 345.

22. Foot of first pair. X 230.

23. Foot of fourth pair. X 2.30.

24. Abdomen and caudal stylets, female

(a, fifth pair of feet). X 127.

25. Abdomen and caudal stylets, male.

X 200.

20

154

ME. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

Fig. 26. Female, lateral view. X 42.

27. Anterior autenua, female. X 230

28. Posterior anteuua. X 127.

29. Mandible and palp. X 35.

30. Anterior foot-jaw. X 253.

31. Posterior foot-jaw. X 253.

Fig. 36. Female, lateral view, x 53.

37. Anterior antenna. X 460.

38. Posterior antenna. X 170.

39. Anterior foot -jaw. X 460.

40. Posterior foot-jaw. X 345.

Ectinosoma Chry stall, n. sp.

Fig. 32. Foot of first pair of swimming-feet.

X 138.

33. Foot of fourth pair of swimming-feet.

X 127.

34. Foot of fifth pair. X 190.

35. Last abdominal segments and caudal

stylets. X 95.

Bradya brevicornis, n. sp.

Fig. 41. Foot of first pair. X 190.

42. Foot of fifth pair. X 190.

43. Last abdominal segments and caudal

stylets. X 95.

Fig. 44. Female, lateral view. X 63.

45. Anterior antenna. X 190.

Amymone Andreun, n. sp.

Fig. 46. Posterior antenna. X 190.

47. Anterior foot-jaw. X 380.

Plate X.

Amymone Andrewi, n. sp.

Fig. 1. Posterior foot-jaw. X 253.

Fig. 2. Female, lateral view. X 53.

3. Anterior antenna. X 253.

4. Posterior antenna. X 190.

5. Mandible and palp. X 380.

6. Maxilla. X 190.

7. Anterior foot-jaw. X 253.

Fig. 13. Female, lateral view. X 53.

14. Anterior autenua. X 253.

15. Posterior antenna. X 380.

16. Mandible aud palp. X 380.

17. Maxilla. X 500.

18 Anterior foot-jaw. X 253.

Stenhelia accraensis, n. sp.

Fig. 8. Posterior foot-jaw. X 253.

9. Foot of first pair. X 152.

10. Foot of fourth pair. X 152.

11. Foot of fifth pair. X 126.

12. Last abdominal segments and caudal

stylets. X 63.

Laophonte hnr/ipes, n. sp.

Fig. 19. Posterior foot-jaw. X 190.

20. Foot of first pair. X 190.

21. Foot of fourth pair, x 190.

22. Foot of fifth pair. X 190.

23. Last abdominal segments aud caudal

stylets. X 95.

Laophonte pygmasa, n. sp.

Fig. 24. Female, lateral view, x 53.

25. Anterior antenna. X 253.

26. Posterior foot-jaw. X 253.

27 Foot of first pair. X 253.

Fig. 28. Foot of fourth pair. X 253.

29. Foot of fifth pair. X 253.

30. Last abdominal segments and caudal

stylets. X 127.

PEOM THE GULF OF GUINEA.

155

Laophonte brevicornis, ii. sp.

Fig. 31. Female, lateral view. x 53.

32. Anterior antenna, x 253.

33. Posterior foot-jaw. x 253.

34. Foot of first pair, x 253.

Fig. 38. Female lateral view, x 33.

39. Anterior antenna, x 190.

40. Posterior foot- jaw. x 253.

41. Foot of first pair. x 190.

Fig. 35. Foot of fourth pair, x 253.

36. Foot of fifth pair, x 253.

37. Last abdominal segments and caudal

stylets. X 126.

Dactijlopus lut'qws, n. sp.

Fig. 42. Foot of fifth pair. x 127

last ab(

stylets. X G3.

43. Last abdominal segments and caudal

Dactylopus propinquus, n. sp.

Fig. 44. Female, lateral view. x 53.

45. Anterior antenna, female. x 190.

46. Anterior autenuaj male. x 253.

47. Posterior antenna, x 253.

48. Posterior foot-jaw. x 253.

Fig. 49. Foot of first pair, x 190.

50. Foot of fifth pair, female, x 190.

51 . Foot of fifth pair, male, x 190.

52. One of the appendages of first abdominal

segment, male, x 190.

Plate XI.

Badylopus propinquus, u. sp.

Fig. 1. Foot of second pair of swimming-feet, male, x 190.

2. Foot of third pair of swimming-feet, male, x 190.

3. Last abdominal segments and caudal stylets, x 95.

Ilyopsyllus affinis, n. sp.

Fig. 4. Female, dorsal view, x 60.

5. Female, lateral view, x 60.

6. Anterior antenna, female. X 250.

7. Anterior antenna, male. X 250.

8. Posterior antenna. X 330.

9. Mandible and palp, x 380.

10. Maxilla and (?) oral aperture. X 500.

Fig. 11. Anterior foot-jaw. x 500.

12. Posterior foot-jaw. x 330.

13. Foot of first pah-. x 190.

14. Foot of third pair. X 152.

15. Foot of fifth pair, female, x 500.

16. Abdomen and caudal stylets, x 95.

17. Rostrum, x 300.

Mir acta minor, n. sp.

Fig. 18. Female, lateral view, x 53.

19. Anterior antenna, female. X 152.

20. Anterior antenna, male. X 190.

21. Posterior antenna. X 190.

22. Posterior foot-jaw, female. X 253.

23. Posterior foot jaw, male. X 253.

24. Foot of first pair. X 108.

Fig. 25. Foot of second pair, female, x 108.

2Q. Foot of second pair, male, x 108.

27. Foot of third pair, x 108.

28. Fifth pair of thoracic feet, female.

X 95.

29. Foot of fifth pair, male, x 190.

30. Abdomen and caudal stylets, x 76.

20*

156

MR. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTKACA

^gisthus longirostris, n. sp.

Fig. 31. Female, dorsal view. X 20.

32. Female, side view. X 18.

33. Anterior antenna, female. X 53.

34. Anterior antenna, male. X 32.

35. Posterior antenna, x G3.

36. Mandible. X 190.

37. Maxilla. X 140.

Fig. 38. Anterior foot-jaw. X 190.

39. Posterior foot-jaw, female. X 95.

40. Posterior fout-jaw, male. X 95.

41. Foot of first pair, x 40.

42. Foot of fourth pair. X 40.

43. Fifth pair of thoracic feet. X 53.

44. Extremity of one of the stylets. X

190.

Fig. 45. Adult dorsal view. X 10"7.

46. Anterior antenna. X 63.

47. Posterior antenna. X 40.

Copilia Fultoni, n. sp.

Fig. 48. Mandible.

9-

01 .

49. Ma.xilla. X 190.

50. Anterior foot-jaw. X 253.

Plate XII.

Cojiilia Fultoni, n. sp.

Fig. 1. Posterior foot-jaw. X 20.

2. Foot of fourth pair of swimming-feet, x 63.

3. Abdomen and caudal stylets {a, fifth foot). X 26.

Saplmina metalUna, Dana.

Fig. 4. One of the caudal stylets with leaf-like appendages (cercophijlla). X 125.

(?) Artotrogus abyssicolus, n. sp. (?) d ,

Fig. 5. Adult, dorsal view. X 27.

6. Anterior autenna. X 63.

7. Posterior antenna. X 253.

Fig. 8. Posterior foot-jaw. X 253.

9. Abdomen and caudal stylets. X 84.

Longipedia minor, T. & A. Scott.

Fig. 10. Male, lateral view, x 53.

11. Foot of second pair. X 84.

12. Fifth pair of thoracic feet and appendages of first abdominal segment.

13. Last abdominal segments and caudal stylets. X 153.

Euterpe gracilis, Claus, var. annata, n. var.

X 190.

Fig. 14. Female, lateral view, x 53.

15. Anterior antenna. X 190.

16. Anterior antenna. X 190.

17. Mandible. X 190.

18. Maxilla. X 190.

Fig. 24. Female, lateral view, x 53.

25. Anterior antenna. X 190.

26. Foot of first pair, x 153.

Fig. 19. Anterior foot-jaw. x 190.

20. Posterior foot-jaw. X 253.

21. Foot of first pair. X 190.

22. Foot of fourth pair. X 190.

23. Fifth pair of thoracic feet. X 190.

Laophonie serratu, Claus.

Fig. 27. Foot of fifth pair, x 127.

28. Last abdominal segments and caudal

stylets. X 95.

FEOM THE GULF OF GUI^VEA.

Cletodes linearis, Cliius.

157

Fig. 29. Female, lateral view, x 53.

30. Anterior auteuna, female. x 190.

31. Foot of fifth pair, female. x 153.

Fig. 32. Fifth pair of thoracic feet (a), and ap-

pendages [b) of first abdominal seg-

ment. X 153.

Thalestris forficula, Clans.

Fig. 33. Female, lateral view, x 53.

34. Anterior antenna, x 190.

35. Posterior antenna, x 190.

36. Anterior foot-jaw. x 253.

37. Posterior foot-jaw. x 253.

Fig. 38. Foot of first pair. x 153.

39. Foot of fonrth pair, x 153.

40. Foot of fifth pair, x 153.

41. Last abdominal segments and caudal

stylets. X 127.

Harpacticus chelifer, Midler, var.

Fig. 42. Male, lateral view, x 20.

43. Posterior foot-jaw. x 76.

44. Foot of first pair, x 50.

Fig. 45. Foot of second pair, x 50.

46. Foot of fifth pair. x 127.

Clytemnestra rosiraia (Brady).

Fig. 47. Female, lateral view. x 32.

48. Female, dorsal view, x 32.

49. Male, dorsal view, x 32.

50. Anterior antenna, female, x 95.

51. Anterior antenna, male. x 95.

52. Posterior antenna, x 127.

Fig. 53. Jlandible and palpi, x 253.

54. Maxilla. x 380.

55. Anterior foot-jaw. x 253.

56. Posterior foot-jaw, female, x 127.

57. Posterior foot-jaw, male. x 95.

Plate XIII.

Clytemnestra rostra fa (Brady).

Fig. 1. Foot of first pair of swimming-feet, x 95.

2. Foot of second pair of swimming-feet. x 95.

3. Foot of fifth pair of swimming-feet, x 127.

Fig. 4. Female, dorsal view. x 53.

5. Anterior antenna, x 53.

6. Posterior antenna, x 84.

7. Mandible, x 153.

8. Maxilla, x 153.

Onccea gracilis (Dana).

Fig. 9. Anterior foot-jaw. x 127

10. Posterior foot-jaw. x 95

11. Foot of fourth pair, x 95.

12. Abdomen and caudal stylets [a, fifth

feet). X 50.

OncdRa mediterranea (Claus).

Fig. 13. Female, dorsal view, x 53.

14. Anterior antenna, x (53.

15. Posterior antenna, x 100.

Fig. 16. Posterior foot-ja^v. x 95.

17. Foot of fourth pair, x 127.

158

MR. T. SCOTT ON ENTOMOSTEACA

Fig. 18. Adult, dorsal view, x 18.

19. Anterior antenna. x 48.

20. Posterior antenna. x 63.

21. (?) Mandible, x 190.

Fig. 25. Male, dorsal view, x 53.

26. Anterior antenna, x 100.

27. Mandible, x 190.

Pachysoma punctata, Claus.

Fig. 22. (?) Maxilla, x 153.

23. (?) Anterior foot-jaw. x 253.

24. Foot of fourth pair, x 50.

Cyclopicera lata, Brady.

Fig. 28. Maxilla, x 153.

29. Foot of fourth pair, x 100.

30. Foot of fifth pair, x 190.

Hersiliodes Liviriffstoni, n. sp.

Fig. 31. Female, dorsal view. x 27.

32. Anterior antenna, x 127.

33. Posterior antenna, x 95.

34. ??i.. Mandible ; w.r., Maxilla; Mouth.

X 127.

Fig. 35. Anterior foot-jaw. Posterior foot-jaw.

X 127.

36. Foot of first pair, x 76.

37. Foot of fourth pair. x 76.

38. Foot of fifth pair, x 48.

Fig. 39. Female, dorsal view, x 35.

40. Anterior antenna. x 127.

41. Posterior antenna, x 127.

42. Mandible. x 253.

43. Maxilla. x 253.

Lichomolyus congoensis, n. sp.

Fig. 44. Anterior foot-jaw. x 253.

45. Posterior foot-jaw. x 190.

46. Foot of fourth pair. x 135.

47. Foot of fifth pair, x 190.

48. Abdomen and caudal stylets.

X 84.

Fig. 49. Male, dorsal view.

50. Anterior antenna.

51. Posterior antenna.

52. Mandible, x 190.

53. Maxilla, x 253.

Pseudaiithessius propinquus, u. sp.

x 35.

x 170.

X 135.

Fig. 54. Posterior foot-jaw, female, x 84.

55. Foot of first pair. x 135.

56. Abdomen and caudal stylets, female.

X 40.

Saphirella abysslcola, n. sp.

Fig. 57. (?) Adult, dorsal view, x 25. | Fig. 58. Posterior antenna, x 125.

Plate XIV.

Pseudanthesshis jjropinrjuus, n. sp.

Fig. 1. Anterior foot- jaw. x 190.

2. Posterior foot-jaw, male, x 53.

3. Foot of fourth pair of swimming-feet.

X 135.

4. Foot of fifth pair, x 127.

FEOM TILE GULF OF GUINEA.

159

Saphirella abyssicola, n. sp.

Fig. 5. Anterior antenna, x 125.

6. Mandible, x I'JO.

7. Maxilla. X 152.

Fig. 8. Anterior foot-jaw. X 190.

9. Posterior foot-jaw. X 170.

10. Foot of first pair of swimming- feet, x 95.

Arlrotrogus abi/ssicohis, n. sp.

Fig. 11. Female, dorsal view, x 35.

12. Anterior antenna, x 127.

13. Posterior antenna. x 135.

14. Mandible, x 253.