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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN

L161— O-1096

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

A Continuation of the

BOTANICAL SERIES

of

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

VOLUME 31

The Library of the

JAN 1 8 1979

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

CHICAGO, U. S. A.

520.5

•FB

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

1. Two New Species of Palms from Nicaragua. By S. F. Glassman ... 1

2. Tropical American Plants, VI. By Louis 0. Williams 11

B. Agriculture, Tehuacan Valley. By C. Earle Smith, Jr 49

4. Flora, Tehuacan Valley. By C. Earle Smith, Jr 101

5. Preliminary Studies in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart, and Its Allies.

By S. F. Glassman 145

6. Tropical American Plants, VII. By Louis 0. Williams 165

7. Supplement to Orchids of Guatemala. By Donovan S. Correll .... 175

8. Preliminary Notes on Scrophulariaceae of Peru. By Gabriel Edwin . . 223

9. New Species in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. By S. F. Glassman . . 233

10. Tropical American Plants, VIII. By Louis O. Williams 247

11. Notes on the Flora of Costa Rica, I. By William C. Burger 273

12. A New Eurystyles from Nicaragua. By Alfonso H. Heller 279

13. New Species in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. By S. F. Glassman . . 285

14. A Revision of the Family Geastraceae. By Patricio Ponce de Leon . . 303

15. Studies in American Plants. By Dorothy N. Gibson 353

16. Two New Nicaraguan Juglandaceae. By Antonio Molino R 357

17. Studies in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. By S. F. Glassman .... 363

18. Tropical American Plants, IX. By Louis 0. Williams 401

-2.

TWO NEW SPECIES

OF PALMS FROM NICARAGUA

S. F. CLASSMAN

and

TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, VI

LOUIS 0. WILLIAMS

IMHVEBOTIF1UI

AUGli 19

LIBRARY

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

VOLUME 31, NUMBERS 1 AND 2

Published by

CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

NOVEMBER 25, 1964

TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, VI

LOUIS 0. WILLIAMS

Chief Curator, Botany

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

VOLUME 31, NUMBER 2

Published by

CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM

NOVEMBER 25, 1964

Printed with the Assistance of

The Frederick R. and Abby K. Babcock Fund

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 61-17730

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

BY CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PRESS

CONTENTS

Families Included in Volume 31, Number 2

PAGE

Alismataceae 17

Apocynaceae 18

Araliaceae 18

Bombacaceae 21

Boraginaceae 21

Caryocaraceae 22

Celastraceae 23

Chloranthaceae 25

Compositae 25

Flacourtiaceae 28

Hydrophyllaceae 29

Lecythidaceae 30

Leguminosae 32

Melastomaceae 33

Monimiaceae 36

Myristicaceae 38

Orchidaceae 39

Rubiaceae 44

Rutaceae 45

Umbelliferae . 46

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

3. Oreopanax lacnocephalus 19

4. Alomia pinetorum 26

5. Lecythis peruviana 31

6. Mollinedia ruae 37

7. Kegeliella atropilosa 40

8. Pleurothallis lappiformis 43

9. Arracacia annulata . 47

Tropical American Plants, VI

The notes which make up this short paper result from material

sent for determination, study of a small portion of our own mate-

rial collected in Central America during 1962-1963, and revision of

the Umbelliflorae for a forthcoming part of the Flora of Guatemala.

One of the finest collections to come to the Museum in many years

is a small but carefully prepared set of specimens received from the

Forest Products Laboratory at Madison, Wisconsin. These speci-

mens serve as vouchers for a Peruvian study which Dr. B. Francis

Kukachka is initiating in cooperation with the Peruvian Forest

Service. It is anticipated that considerable benefit will accrue in

providing basic information on the properties of Peruvian woods.

The specimens come from marked trees and in each case there is a

flowering and a fruiting specimen. There were some fine new things

in the collection, as was to be expected. In addition, the flowering

and fruiting specimens sometimes permit the correlation of species

previously described from either flowering or fruiting material—

Matisia bicolor, discussed below, is a case in point. The first set of

this material will remain in Chicago Natural History Museum, the

second set is to go to the U. S. National Herbarium, the third set to

Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques in Geneva. Other sets of this

material will go to the University of Wisconsin Herbarium, the U. S.

Forest Service, Institute of Tropical Forestry in Puerto Rico, the

New York Botanical Garden, and to one or two other herbaria.

Travel to other herbaria, and field work in Guatemala, Honduras,

Nicaragua and Costa Rica have been made possible by grants from

the National Science Foundation.

ALISMATACEAE

Echinodorus andrieuxii (H. & A.) Small, North Am. Fl. 17:

46. 1909.

COSTA RICA: In drying bog in closed savanna about 5 km. south

of La Cruz, province of Guanacaste, alt. 200 m., Feb. 12, 1963,

Williams & Williams 24498.

17

18 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 31

The range of this lowland species is extended southeastward into

Costa Rica. Previously known from Mexico to Nicaragua.

APOCYNACEAE

Aspidosperma cylindrocarpon Muell.-Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras.

6, pt. 1:54. 1860; Woodson, Ann. Mo. Bot. Card. 38: 160. 1951.

PERU: "Puca-Quiro or pucaquiru," bosque seco tropical, carretera

a Tournavista, depto. Huanuco, pcia. Panao, dist. Pachitea, 13 seti-

embre 1962, Rafael Lao Magin 29.

The species is distributed from Minas Gerais to Rio de Janeiro

and Parana, westward to Paraguay and Bolivia then northward to

Amazonian Peru. This is the first collection from the basin of the

Amazon.

Aspidosperma macrocarpon Mart. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1 : 59.

1824; Woodson, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 38: 138, /. 4- 1951.

PERU: "Pumaquivu," vivero forestal km. 4, bosque seco tropical,

Depto. Loreto, pcia. Cnel. Portillo, distrito Calleria, 17 set. 1963,

Rafael Lao Magin 81; same locality from same tree (No. 28P), frutos

grandes voluminosos y chatos, 26 marzo 1963, Lao 1+8.

This is the first report of the species from Peru although it was

to be expected there. Mr. Lao reports that the wood is very hard

and is used to make lumber suitable for bridge construction. Lao 81

is leafless, with flowers; 48 has mature leaves and nearly mature

fruits.

ARALIACEAE

Oreopanax lacnocephalus Standl. Carn. Inst. Wash. Publ. 461 :

77. 1935.

Originally described from British Honduras and now known from

Guatemala and Honduras. The species is closely related to 0. pel-

tatus Linden and sterile material may be difficult to distinguish.

Sterile material from Guatemala and from Honduras determined as

0. peltatus may be 0. lacnocephalus. I have seen no undoubted 0.

peltatus so far south as Honduras.

A closely related species is 0. geminatus Marchal, known from

the Segovias of Nicaragua. I have seen no authentic material but

WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, VI

19

FIG. 3. Oreopanax lacnocephalus. Flowering branch; X }/&.

rather suspect that it may include 0. lacnocephalus. The distribution

would indicate this possibility also.

Fertile material of 0. lacnocephalus which I have seen, collected

since Smith's study of the family, is:

GUATEMALA: Dept. Jalapa, Standley 77322.

HONDURAS: All Dept. Morazan; Molina 7555; Standley & Wil-

liams 786; Williams & Molina 10731; Valeria 1867, 2014.

20 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 31

Oreopanax obtusifolius L. Wms. sp. nov.

Arbuscula vel arbores usque ad 20 m. alta. Folia late obovata ad late ovata

vel suborbiculari-ovata, apice rotundata vel obtusa; inflorescentia paniculata, ra-

chis stellato-pubescens; capitula ovoidea; calyx truncatus; petala anguste oblonga.

Large epiphytic shrubs or occasionally trees to 20 m. with a trunk to 10 cm.

in diameter, glabrous except the young branches and inflorescences, with thick

terete branches. Leaves broadly obovate to broadly ovate or suborbicular-ovate,

broadly round or obtuse at the apex, rounded to obtuse or subcordate at the base,

chartaceous to subcoriaceous, the blade 8-20 (-35) cm. long and 3-18 (-25) cm.

broad, the nerves conspicuous, with 3-5 prominent ones arising at the base, sec-

ondary nerves few; inflorescence paniculate, to 25 cm. long and as broad, rachis

stellate-pubescent, becoming glabrescent, subtending bracts deltoid, 2-8 mm. long,

puberulent, the peduncles 2-10 mm. long, the flower heads ovoid, 6-8 mm. across;

calyx-limb truncate; petals narrowly oblong, 1.5-2 mm. long; fruits few in each

head, 5-6 mm. in diameter, creamy-white.

MEXICO: Boca Cerro, Tenosique, Tabasco, July 1-5, 1939, Ma-

tuda 3551 (F); Chiltepec and vicinity, Oaxaca, Martinez-Calderon

BRITISH HONDURAS: Flowers cream, occasional epiphyte on Co-

hune [palm], to 30 feet tall and 5 inches in diameter, near Forest

Home, alt. 30 feet, Sept. 6th (no year), Schipp 1031 (type Chicago

Natural History Museum); Rio Privation, February 28, 1931, Bart-

lett 11860; epiphytic shrub, Vaca, El Cayo District, February 22, 1930,

Gentle 2211; woody hemi-epiphyte in advanced forest, Valentin-Re-

tiro road, June-Aug. 1936, Lundell 6306; woody hemi-epiphyte,

height 20 m., in high secondary forest, Cohune Ridge, El Cayo dis-

trict, June-Aug. 1936, Lundell 6471 (US); tree 7 m., San Agustin,

Mountain Pine Ridge, El Cayo district, July-August 1936, Lundell

6704 (US); Vaca Falls region, 1926, Record s.n. (US).

GUATEMALA: Jungle, Vaxactun, March 19, 1931, Bartlett 12203

(F, US); District of Pete"n, 1933, Lundell 2906, 2965, 3135, 3465;

"Toneja River Golfte," 1918, Rowlee & Rowlee 324 (US); Depart-

ment of Izabal, 1940, Steyermark 39360 (F) ; Cubilguitz, Alta Verapaz,

alt. 350 m., 1901, Tuerckheim 7883 (US); "Vera Paz & Chiquimula,"

Watson 262 (US).

HONDURAS: Rio Termejo [near San Pedro Sula?], Aug. 23, 1888,

Thieme5252 (US).

HORTICULTURAL: "hort. bot. Berol.," a specimen labelled "Aralia

guatemalensis V. Houtte." (F, photograph no. 3510.)

This name merely replaces a series of invalid ones based on Aralia

guatimalensis Hort., a name which Lemaire cited in synonomy with-

WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, VI 21

out providing a name for it which he intended to accept. Hemsley

(in Biol. Cent. Am. Bot. 5 : 573. 1881), took up for the plant the name

"Oreopanax guatemalense Dene, et Planch, in Rev. Hort. 1854, p. 108."

(which is a nomen) and gave as basionym " Sciadophyllum guatema-

lense Lem. Fl. des Serres, iii. p. 262, Misc. 44.", a name which Le-

maire did not publish and apparently had no intention of using. It

is thought better to provide a new name rather than to validate one

long misused.

This species is one of several very closely allied ones which Dr.

A. C. Smith knew when he provided the account of the family for the

North American Flora. We now have many more specimens than

Dr. Smith saw and while the species is admittedly very close to

Oreopanax capitatus (Jacq.) Dene. & PI. the characters which he used

still seem to hold.

BOM BAG ACE AE

Matisia bicolor Ducke, Orch. Jard. Bot. Rio Jan. 3: 210. 1922;

Matisia rhombifolia Cuatr. Phytologia 4: 478. 1954; Quararibea

rhombifolia Macbride, Field Mus. Bot. 13, pt. 3A, no. 2: 620. 1956.

PERU: "Machin zapote," arbol de 35-40 m. y 0.7 m. DBH., Chi-

cosa, Dept. Loreto, Oct. 24, 1962, Rafael Lao M. 32; from same tree,

in fruit, Dec. 14, 1962, Lao 38.

I have seen a photograph of Ducke's type (FM neg. 9557) from

Altamira along the Xingu, and the type of M. rhombifolia from Peru.

The species possibly will be found to extend through the Amazon

basin .

BORAGINACEAE

Cordia cicatricosa L. Wms. sp. nov.

Arbores. Rami apices incrassati, cicatricosi. Folia late elliptica vel elliptico-

obovata, obtusa vel breviter acuta, sparse strigosa; inflorescentia paniculata, multi-

ramosa; calyx subglobosus, membranaceus, apice strigosus; corolla quinquelobata,

lobi oblongi, obtusi; fructus baccatus, anguste ovatus.

Tree 30 m. tall. Branches rather thick and stout (to ± 1 cm.) and covered

with the prominent, round leaf scars of the previous year, the apex with several

strigose bracts ± 1 cm. long, the new leaves crowded on the new terminal growth;

leaves broadly elliptic or elliptic-obovate, obtuse or shortly acute, sparsely stri-

gose on both surfaces, the blade 10-18 cm. long and 5-8 cm. broad, petioles on

mature leaves 3-5 cm. long; inflorescence a much branched terminal panicle to

20 cm. long or more, short strigose throughout; flowers white, pentamerous, hardly

more than 3-4 mm. long (usually less) when mature; calyx subglobose in bud,

22 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 31

strigose at the apex, membranaceous, rupturing equally or usually unequally,

marcescent, 3-4 mm. long; corolla deeply 5-lobed, with ocellate inclusions, about

3 mm. long, the lobes oblong, obtuse; style bifid and each lobe again divided; ovary

very small, glabrous except the apex; fruits narrowly ovate, baccate, 1.2-2 cm.

long and 0.8-1.2 cm. in diameter.

PERU: "Huarmicaspi," bosque humedo tropical, Fundo "La Lib-

ertad," Rio Mazan, Depto. Loreto, provincia Maynas, distrito Ma-

zan, alt. 130 m., 15 febreto 1962, Antonio Arostegui V. 74 (type F,

G, US, others) ; same data, same tree, 18 enero 1963, Arostegui 86

(fruits only).

This species is not related to any other that I am able to find—

the nearest seem to be C. laevior Johnston and C. ripicola Johnston.

It is distinctive by reason of the large petiolar scars on the thick

twigs, by the leaves crowded at the end of the twigs, by the mem-

branaceous calyx which becomes marcescent. There is an unnamed

species from the department of Boyaca in Colombia which has some

of the characters of this one. Dr. Killip put an herbarium name on

that specimen years ago.

The description was written from all the material available (six

sheets). The tree is said to be useful for firewood and to make

charcoal.

CARYOCARACEAE

Anthodiscus gutierrezii L. Wms. sp. nov.

Arbor usque ad 30 m. Folia trifoliata, glabra, foliolis oblongo-obovata vel

obovata, obtusa, crenulata; inflorescentia racemosa, ±ve 15-flora; calyx subtro-

tatus, obscure quinquelobatus; corolla calyptriforme; fructus oblatus.

Tall forest trees to 30 m. or more and 0.60 m. in diameter breast high. Leaves

trifoliolate with the leaflets approximately equal, or one sometimes smaller, peti-

oles 2.5-4 cm. long, the leaflets petiolulate, the petiolule of the central leaflet

1-1.5 cm. long, those of the laterals about 0.5 cm. long, blade oblong-obovate to

obovate, obtuse, crenulate to near the base, glabrous or nearly so, 5.5-9.5 cm. long

and 3-5 cm. broad, lateral nerves 6-8 pairs evenly spaced (3-9 mm. apart), with

a small tuft of hair in the axils; inflorescence racemose, terminal, about 15-flowered

toward the apex, flower yellow, pedicellate, the pedicel about 1 cm. long; calyx

subrotate, obscurely 5-lobate, about 3-4 mm. broad and 2-2.5 mm. high, obscurely

puberulous; corolla calyptriform, the petals coherent at the apex and falling away

together, oblong, 4-5 mm. long; stamens numerous, ±100; styles 10, about 2 mm.

long; fruits oblate spheroids approximately 1.5 cm. broad and 0.7-1 cm. deep.

PERU: "Chamisa amarilla," tree about 30 m. tall and 0.6 m.

DBH, Hacienda Delicias, Marona Alta, departamento de Huanuco,

provincia de Leoncio Prado, alt. 800 m., 1962, Abelardo Gutierrez

WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, VI 23

R. 14 (type Chicago Natural History Museum; US; G ; Wis; Herbario

Servicio Forestal (Peru); Forest Products Laboratory, Madison);

Gutierrez 15 is fruit from the same tree.

The collector states that the wood is very hard and is used for

sleepers and planks.

This species is most closely related to Anthodiscus peruanus of

the relatively few species of this little known genus. We have no

authentic material of that species but do have a photograph of the

type and a fragment of Ruiz & Pavon 31 736 which is certainly the

same. However, collections of Ducke from Brazil annotated as A.

peruanus are not that species.

CELASTRAGEAE

Celastrus molinae L. Wms. sp. nov.

Arbor usque ad 6 m.; folia elliptica vel elliptico-oblanceolata, acuminata; in-

florescentia pauciflora, cymoso-paniculata; capsula trivalvata; semina ±3.

Small trees to about 6 m.; twigs glabrous, provided with raised elongated

lenticels about 1 mm. long; leaves alternate, elliptic to elliptic-oblanceolate, ser-

rulate, acuminate, acute to the base, with 8-12 pairs of lateral nerves these promi-

nent below, glabrous above, often or usually in the axils of the lateral veins below,

otherwise glabrous, 8-12 cm. long and 2-3.5 cm. broad; petioles short, 3-8 mm.

long; inflorescence lateral, much shorter than the leaves, few-flowered, in cymose

panicles; flowers unknown; capsules nearly ovoid, leathery, bright orange, 3-val-

vate, about 9-14 mm. long and 6-10 mm. in diameter; seeds usually 3, about 6-

8 mm. long, covered with a red, somewhat fimbriated aril.

NICARAGUA: Fruits yellow, aril red, tree 6 m. in cloud forest area,

Sta. Maria de Ostuma, Cordillera Central de Nicaragua between

Matagalpa and Jinotega, Dept. Matagalpa, alt. 1500 m., January 9,

1963, Williams, Molina & Williams 234.15 (type in Chicago Natural

History Museum; EAP; G; US; LL).

A quite typical Celastrus but one quite distinct and easily dis-

tinguished from the other species of the genus known in tropical

North America by the relatively long narrow leaves. The species

is apparently most closely allied to the Colombian C. caseariifolius

Lundell.

Crossopetalum subsessile L. Wms. sp. nov.

Arbor parva usque ad 8 m. alta. Folia opposita, aequalia vel inaequalia, ellip-

tica, oblonga vel anguste obovata, serrulata vel integra, apice obtusa vel rotun-

data; inflorescentia breviter cymosa, tri-vel pauciflora; calyx parvus, lobis 4

rotundatis vel truncatis; petala 4, ovato-oblonga, obtusa, reflexa; fructus siccus.

24 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 31

Small trees to 8 m. tall. Twigs slightly angled, soon terete, glabrous; leaves

opposite, those of a pair equal or often very unequal in size, elliptic to oblong or

narrowly obovate, usually obtuse or rounded, serrulate to nearly entire, coriaceous,

short petiolate, the blade 3-7 cm. long and 1.5-3.5 cm. broad, the veins prominu-

lous below, the petiole 2-6 mm. long, the stipules lanceolate, fimbriate, soon cadu-

cous; inflorescence a very short axillary cyme, 3-few-flowered, mostly (or always)

less than 5 mm. long, the peduncle ± 2 mm. long; staminate flowers unknown;

pistilate flowers: calyx small, lobes rounded or truncate, ciliolate, ± 0.5 mm. long,

petals 4, ovate-oblong, obtuse, reflexed in anthesis, 2.5-3 mm. long and ± 1.5 mm.

broad; ovary shorter than the petals; style sessile, 2-parted; fruits dry, oval or

oblong-ovate, 8-10 mm. long and 4-6 mm. in diameter, the endosperm osseous.

GUATEMALA: Tree to 8 m. in thickets and forest in deep canyon

of a tributary of Rio Blanco about 5 km. west of Aguacatan, depart-

ment of Huehuetenango, alt. 2000 m., December 4, 1962, Williams,

Molina & Williams 2231+8 (type F, EAP, G, LL).

The species is easily distinguished from other Central American

species by the very short inflorescence and in fruit these seem to be

nearly sessile.

Euonymus costaricensis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 18, pt. 2: 631.

1937.

NICARAGUA: Arils red, tree 3-4 m. in cloud forest area, Sta. Maria

de Ostuma, Cordillera Central de Nicaragua between Matagalpa and

Jinotega, Department of Matagalpa, alt. 1300-1500 m., January 8-15,

1963, Williams, Molina & Williams 231+51 (F, G, EAP, LL, others) ;

arils red, shrub 3 m., same data as above, Williams, Molina & Wil-

liams 2361+9 (F, EAP, G, LL) ; flowers greenish, tree 10 m. tall in oak

forest-cloud forest area above and east of Jinotega, department of

Jinotega, alt. 1400-1600 m., February 20, 1963, Williams, Molina &

Williams 21+758 (F, EAP, G, LL).

These are the first known collections of Euonymus from Nicara-

gua and ample collections of a relatively rare species previously

known only from Costa Rica.

Zinowiewia inaequifolia L. Wms. sp. nov.

Arbor parva usque ad 6 m. alta. Folia opposita, inaequalia, lanceolata vel

elliptico-lanceolata, acuminata; inflorescentia dichasia vel cyma pauciflora; calyx

quinquelobatus; petala oblonga vel oblongo-ovata, obtusa; fructus alatus, ala an-

guste oblonga.

Small trees to 6-8 m. Twigs slightly flattened and angled, becoming terete

with age; leaves opposite, those of a pair usually slightly unequal in size and each

usually bilaterally unequal, lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, those on

terminal growths much larger than those on small lateral branchlets, the blades

4-7 cm. long and 2-3 cm. broad, graduating into smaller leaves mostly 2-3 cm.

WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, VI 25

long and 0.8-1.5 cm. broad, attenuated into petioles 0.3-0.8 cm. long; inflores-

cences axillary dichasia or helicoid cymes rarely more than 1 cm. long, the bracts

cucullate, narrowly triangular, glandular-serrulate, mostly 0.5-0.7 mm. long; calyx

shallowly 5-lobed, ± 0.7 mm. long, the lobes about 0.6 mm. broad and 0.3 mm.

high; petals 5, oblong or oblong-ovate, obtuse, ± 1-1.2 mm. long and 0.5-0.6 mm.

broad; stamens alternate with and shorter than the petals, inserted on the edge

of the disc; ovary submerged in the fleshy disc; wing of immature fruit narrowly

oblong, widest toward the retuse apex, arcuate, about 12 mm. long and 4 mm.

broad.

NICARAGUA: Tree 6-8 m. tall, along the road to La Fundadora,

cloud forest area north of Sta. Maria de Ostuma, Cordillera Central

de Nicaragua, Dept. Matagalpa, alt. 1300-1500 m., February 22,

1963, Williams, Molina & Williams 24869 (F type, EAP, G, LL).

In a genus where the species are not boldly marked this one seems

to have adequate characters, especially in the leaves. The leaves of

each pair are usually somewhat unequal in size; those toward the

apex of new growths are twice or more larger than those below on the

same growth; the leaf blades are almost always bilaterally unequal.

CHLORANTHACEAE

Hedyosmum mexicanum Cordemoy, Adansonia 3: 307. 1862-

63.

NICARAGUA: Cloud forest area, Cordillera Central de Nicaragua,

Dept. Matagalpa, alt. 1500 m., January 8, 1963, Williams, Molina &

Williams 23381 .

The species has not been reported from Nicaragua, where it is

occasional in the forest in the Cordillera Central.

COMPOSITAE

Alomia HBL.

Some of the most attractive 'fall" flowering plants of Central

America belong to Compositae-Eupatorieae, and of these Alomia is

one of the more uncommon,— in comparison with the enormous genus

Eupatorium or with the very closely allied genus Ageratum which

often fills old corn fields to overflowing. Alomia is not easy to dis-

tinguish from Ageratum. Even in the field it is necessary to look at an

unfamiliar species with a lens to be sure which genus is represented.

Alomia pinetorum L. Wms. sp. nov.

Herba perennis. Folia breviter petiolata, ovata vel ovato-lanceolata, obtuse

serrata, acuta, usque ad 2 cm. longa; inflorescencia paniculata vel corymbosa,

FIG. 4. Alomia pinetorum. A, Habit; X M- B, Capitulum; X 3^. C, In-

volucral bract; X 8. D, A flower showing minute palea, angulate achene with

corona, a corolla and styles; X 10.

26

WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, VI 27

capitula paucis; involucrum campanulatum, bractea biseriata, lanceolata, acumi-

nata; corolla ca. 2.5 mm. longa; pappus nullus.

Slender herbaceous perennials. The stems subdecumbent or decumbent at

the base, sparsely branched above, 10-30 (-70) cm. tall, sparsely crisped-pubescent

or puberulent above, becoming glabrate below; leaves opposite, short petiolate,

the petiole slender, 2-10 mm. long, the blade ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtusely

serrate, acute, sparsely pilose, the blade 0.6-2 cm. long and 0.2-1 cm. broad; in-

florescence a simple few-headed panicle; the heads about 5-6 mm. long when fully

open, with 60-70 flowers, the involucre campanulate, the bracts subequal, biseriate,

narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, about 3 mm. long and 0.7 mm. broad, sparsely

pubescent, the receptacle conical, epaleate; corolla about 2-2.5 mm. long, the nar-

row tube about as long as the expanded portion, the base and apex glandular-

atomiferous; the styles exceeding the corolla by 1-1.5 mm.; pappus none but an

inconspicuous corona present; achenes prominently 4-5 angled, glabrous or sparsely

pubescent.

HONDURAS: Flowers bright blue, on moist open slopes in mixed

pine-oak forest area, mountains between Montana Uyuca and La

Montanita, Department of Morazan, alt. 1500 m., Dec. 27, 1962,

Williams, Molina & Williams 23240 (type in Chicago Natural His-

tory Museum; EAP; about 25 duplicates to be distributed); Mt.

Uyuca, Dept. Morazan, 5500 feet, Glassman 1637; El Quebracho,

lower slopes of Cerro Uyuca, pine-oak forest, 1450-1500 m., Dept.

Morazan, Standley 21850 (F); San Juan del Rancho, eastern base of

Cerro de Uyuca, alt. 1500 m., Standley 23872 (F); dried bog in pine

forest, Piedra Herrada, alt. 1400 m., Standley 25903 (F) ; lower slopes

of Cerro de Uyuca, Dept. Morazan, 1530-1600 m., Standley & Mo-

lina 4-210 (F); San Juan del Rancho, Dept. Morazan, alt. 1350 m.,

Williams 17038 (F).

In the half century since Robinson revised this small genus only

three species have been added to it, — one in Mexico, one in Central

America and one in Venezuela. The present species is closely allied

to Alomia microcarpa (Benth.) Robinson, a species known in Central

America only in the highlands of Costa Rica. The present species is

easily distinguished superficially by the much smaller leaves, the de-

cumbent bases of the stems, somewhat smaller heads and bracts.

We have seen this species only in the locality from which the type

comes and have observed it there for some years. It is quite abun-

dant throughout the pine-oak woods at about 1500 meters but the

stands of it are not dense, as often is the case of allied species.

Alomia robinsoniana L. Wms. sp. nov. Alomia Wendlandii

(Sch.-Bip.) Rob. according to Robinson in Proc. Am. Acad. 42: 452.

1913, based on Phalacraea Wendlandii Sch.-Bip. ex Klatt, Leopoldina

20: 74. 1884, in synon. et sine char., nom. illegit.

28 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 31

Perennis 3 dm. vel ultra altitudine; caule tereti viridi striatulo pubescenti; in-

ternodiis paucis elongatis ca. 1 dm. longitudine; foliis oppositis ovatis tenuibus

argute serratis ca. 6 cm. lon^is ca. 4 cm. latis apice acuminatis basi obtusiusculis

supra tenuiter pubescentibus subtus paullo pallidioribus molliter griseo- vel cine-

reo-tomentosis; petiolo gracili 1-2.8 cm. longo dense pubescenti; corymbis longius-

cule pedunculatis trichotomis planiuscujis densis multicapitulatis ca. 5 cm. dia-

metro; bracteis filiformibus; pedicellis filiformibus 2-8 mm. longis; capitulis erectis

60-70-floris 6-6.5 mm. altis 6 mm. diametro; involucri ovoideo-turbinati squamis

oblanceolatis attenuates sub-biseriatim imbricatis subaequalibus saepius 2-costatis

dorso griseo-puberulis et cum glandulis minutis obscure nigro-punctatis; corollis

saltim limbum versus caeruleis 2.7 mm. longis, tubo proprio glanduloso-hispidulo,

faucibus subaequilongis parce glanduloso-atomiferis; achaeniis nigrescentibus acute

5-angulatis 1.6 mm. longis saepius curvatis apice cum annulo integro cartilagineo

coronatis basi callosis

MEXICO: Gualulu, Liebmann 147 (Liebm. PL Mex. Nr. 9678)

(type: Botanical Museum and Herbarium, Copenhagen, F, GH, P);

Mt. Ovando, Escuintla, Chiapas, Nov. 4, 1945, Matuda 16070 (F).

It is curious that Dr. Robinson took up Schultz' name from a

specimen of Liebmann 11+7 which had been determined by Schultz

with his unpublished name; — especially is this so when the plant is

Mexican and Wendland, for whom it is named, was never in Mexico.

The mystery is perhaps cleared up by a specimen in Paris with the

label "Herb. Schultz Bip." which was from Central America and

cultivated "in horto Herrenbusano pr. Hannover. . . . 24/3 66 a cl.

Wendland." (CNHM neg. no. 37540.) This specimen was mounted

on a sheet with Liebmann 147, but is probably not the same species.

In naming this plant for Dr. Robinson I have used his descrip-

tion of Liebmann 147 as he wrote it to validate the name, and have

cited the Liebmann specimen in Copenhagen as type, a specimen of

which there are duplicates in several herbaria, including that of Chi-

cago Natural History Museum. A photograph of the type is avail-

able—CNHM neg. no. 22465.

FLACOURTIACEAE

Hasseltia psittacarum L. Wms. sp. nov.

Arbores. Folia elliptico-ovalia vel elliptico-obovata, obtusa vel breviter acu-

minata, integra vel obscure dentata, subtriplinervia, bases biglandulosa; inflores-

centia cymosa, terminalia; sepala 4, lanceolato-ovata, acuta; petala 4, late ovata,

obtusa vel subacuta; stamina plura, fasciculata.

Trees 10-20 m. tall with boles up to 25 cm. or more in diameter; bark light

brown, flaking off easily; cambium layer cream-colored streaked dark buff or yel-

low; branchlets puberulent; leaves thin coriaceous, semi-rigid, shining, venation

on upper surface pale yellow, elliptic-oval or elliptic-obovate, obtuse to short acu-

WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, VI 29

minate, entire or obscurely glandular-dentate, glabrous except along the main

nerves below, subtriplinerved from the base and with 3-6 others on each side

above, blade with two crateriform glands near the junction of the petiole, 3-16 cm.

long and 2.5-9 cm. broad; petiole 1-4 cm. long, puberulent, becoming glabrous;

inflorescence a twice-or-thrice-compounded cyme, terminal, about as long as or

shorter than the leaves, densely puberulent above, becoming glabrous below, bracts

subtending the peduncles small, lanceolate, puberulent, deciduous; flowers white;

sepals 4, lance-ovate, acute, joined together at the base, puberulent on both faces,

5-6 mm. long and 2.5-3 mm. broad; petals 4, oval to broadly ovate, obtuse or

acute, inserted on the sepals, puberulent on both surfaces, 5.5-6.5 mm. long and

3.2-4 mm. broad; stamens many, perigynous, separated into four groups or fas-

cicles alternating with glandular or staminodial areas, anthers about 0.45 mm.

long, nearly round, filaments pilosulose; glands or staminodes on the disc opposite

the sepals separating staminal cycle into groups or fascicles; ovary (flower in an-

thesis) small, glabrous, the surface with irregular vermiform ridges or tubercules,

possibly somewhat stipitate; style about as long as the ovary, slender, stigma

undivided but trilobulate.

COSTA RICA: Forest tree 20 m. high and base 25 cm. in diameter,

upper tropical zone, Caribbean cloud forest, Zapote de San Carlos,

province of Alajuela, alt. 2000 m., March 13, 1938, Austin Smith

HM5 (type F), P.C. 278; tree 10 m. tall and 56 cm. in diameter,

flowers white, 12 mm. broad, leaves subcoriaceous, woodlands, upper

tropical zone near Zarcero, province of Alajuela, alt. 1650 m., Jan-

uary 22, 1941, Austin Smith 10119.

The first two numbers cited (H^5 and P.C. 278) are doubtless

from the same collection for the field labels are almost identical.

Smith comments that (No. H445) "This specimen high-crowned and

thick-trunked [tree] was not easily accessible, — fortunately, parrots

eating the flower buds dislodged the material herewith preserved."

Specimens on both sheets show evidence of having been clipped off

by parrots.

This plant is distinguished from the other species of Hasseltia by

relatively large flowers and by separation of the stamens into groups

or fascicles. This separation is due to glandular structures opposite

the sepals. This curious character might indicate another genus but

I know of none allied to Hasseltia with this character. There seem

to be no other characters to support generic separation.

HYDROPHYLLACEAE

Narna hispida Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5: 339. 1861; Hitchcock,

Am. Journ. Bot. 20: 523. 1933.

GUATEMALA: Flowers white, in corn field, in thicket and forest

along steep sides of a tributary of Rio Blanco about 5 km. west of

30 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 31

Aguacatan, Dept. Huehuetenango, alt. 2000 m., December 4, 1962,

Williams, Molina & Williams 22352.

The plant has not been reported from Central America and may

well have been an introduction where it was collected.

LECYTHIDACEAE

Lecythis peruviana L. Wms. sp. nov.

Arbor altissima, usque ad 25 m. vel ultra. Folia elliptica vel lanceolato-

oblonga ad elliptico-oblonga, breviter acuminata, coriacea, subtus glandulosa; in-

florescentia paniculata; sepala oblonga vel oblongo-ovata, obtusa, obscure lacerato-

ciliata; petala inaequalis, ovata, rhombico-ovata vel elliptico-ovata; pixidium

usque ad 9 cm. latum et 6 cm. altum.

Large trees to about 25 m. tall and 0.5 m. in diameter breast high, young

branches obscurely lenticellate, glabrous. Leaves elliptic or lanceolate-oblong to

elliptic-oblong, somewhat rounded to the base, short acuminate at the apex, cori-

aceous, glabrous, abundantly glandular below with minute brownish glands, with

10-14 pairs of secondary nerves which anastomose near the margin, petiole thick,

5-8 mm. long, the blade (9-) 12-20 cm. long and (3-) 5-10 cm. broad; inflorescence

a simple 10-30-flowered panicle about 10-15 cm. long, the rachis densely puberu-

lent; sepals 6, oblong to oblong-ovate, obtuse, quite unequal in size, obscurely and

finely rufous puberulent, the margins lacerate-ciliate, very fleshy, connate toward

the base to nearly free and imbricate, in buds and flowers 3-8 mm. long and 2-

3 mm. broad; petals white, unequal, in two sets (4 and 2), the smaller pair rhombic-

ovate, obtuse, about 2 cm. long and 1.5 cm. broad, inserted opposite the hood of

the androphorum, larger petals ovate or elliptic-ovate, obtuse, about 3 cm. long

and 2 cm. broad; androphorum surrounding the ovary and developed on one side

into a large hooded ligule bearing numerous imbricated appendages or staminodea;

stamens on the base of the androphorum numerous, on filaments about 1.5 mm.

long; ovary semi-inferior; stigmas very short on the conical apex of the ovary;

pixidium depressed globose, hard and woody, the calyx forming a ring above the

base of the ovary; fruits 7-9 cm. broad and 5-6 cm. high, rugose above the calycaric

zone flaring, the operculum depressed-conic, rugose, thick and woody, as wide as

the fruit.

PERU: "Machimango bianco," tree about 25 m. tall and 50 cm.

in diameter breast high flowers white, bosque humedo tropical Qda

Valentin, Rio Tahuayo, Distrito Fernando Lores, province of May-

nas, Dept. Loreto, alt. 120 m., Oct. 31, 1962, Antonio Arostegui V. 67

(arbol No. 20 Iquitos) (type in Chicago Natural History Museum;

US; Wise.; G; Servicio Forestal (Peru), Forest Products Laboratory,

Madison); same data, fruits from same tree, February 14, 1962,

Arostegui 33.

This is the first collection of Lecythis made in Peru although it

was to be expected and the locality is in the Amazon basin. The

species is perhaps not closely allied to any other known from the

-H

X

J3

U

a

31

32 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 31

Amazon basin. The description was made from ample flowering

specimens and from mature fruits collected from the same tree which

was "No. 20 — Iquitos." The collector does not indicate the use that

may be made of this tree.

LEGUMINOSAE

Sclerolobium micranthum L. Wms., sp. nov.

Arbor excelsum usque ad 30 m. altum. Folia pinnata, 6-8-jugis; foliola anguste

oblonga vel oblongo-obovata, breviter acuminata; stipulae laceratae; inflorescentia

paniculata; sepala suborbicularia; petala perparva, anguste obovato-flabellata,

obtusa, cucullata; legumenta samaroidea.

Large forest trees to 30 m. tall and 80 cm. in diameter breast high, the lower

part of the trunk buttressed. Branchlets velutinous; leaves pinnate, with 6-8 pairs

of leaflets, 20-30 cm. long, the petiole and rachis densely ferruginous puberulent,

the petiole 3-6 cm. long; leaflets narrowly oblong or oblong-obovate, short acumi-

nate, the second pair from apex usually largest, the lowest pair often quite small,

10-15 pairs of secondary nerves which are quite prominent below, the lower surface

pubescent with erect ferruginous hairs especially along the veins and nerves, peti-

olule thickened and subglandular, about 2-4 mm. long, pubescent, upper surface

sparsely pubescent except on veins, the blades inaequilateral, upper basal angle

largest, 5-13 cm. long and 2.5-5 cm. broad; stipules prominent, lacerate, 1.5-2 cm.

long, ferruginous pubescent; inflorescence paniculate, shorter or about as long as the

leaves, ultimate branchlets densely flowered and subspicate; flowers yellow, sepals

5 (3 and 2), free or nearly so, suborbicular to transversely rhombic, ciliate but

mostly glabrous on the backs, the outer pair smallest, 1.5-2 mm. long and as broad;

petals 5 (4), very small, narrowly obovate-flabellate, obtuse, cucullate, glabrous,

±0.7 mm. long and 0.4 mm. broad; stamens 10, the filaments joined into a cup

below, sparsely pilose, the free portion about 3 mm. long; ovary stipitate, pubes-

cent on the sutures; legume samaroid, narrow elliptic, obtuse, indehiscent, one- or

rarely 2-seeded, the dark brown exocarp falling away at maturity.

PERU: "Copaiba," arbol hasta 30 m. y 80 cm. de diametro, con

aletas en la base del tallo, foresta humeda, Marona Alta (Hda. Deli-

cias) prov. Leoncio Prado, depto. Huanuco, alt. 800 mm., 9 marzo

1962, Abelardo Gutierrez R. 44 (type Chicago Natural History Mu-

seum; US; Wise; Servicio Forestal (Peru); Forest Products Labora-

tory, Madison) ; same data, fruiting specimens from type tree, Dec. 14,

1962, Gutierrez 96 (same herbaria).

This large forest tree is closely allied to Sclerolobium tinctorium

Benth. from which it is distinguished in several details: smaller

flowers (smallest of genus) that are pedicellate, ovaries pubescent on

suture only. Pubescence of filaments very much less, sepals and

petals smaller, leaflets relatively broader with the veins more prom-

inent, more numerous and spreading at a greater angle from the

WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, VI 33

mid-nerve. The description is drawn from all the material that was

available of which a type was kept and the rest distributed. One

legume, in about 50 seen, was 2-seeded.

MELASTOMACEAE

Blakea florida L. Wms., sp. nov.

Arbuscula epiphytica multiflora usque ad 2 m. alta. Folia ovato-elliptica vel

late elliptica, acuminata; inflorescentia uniflora; bractea exteriores ovato-lanceo-

lata, acuminata, interiores elliptica-oblonga, obtusa; bacca globosa; calyx expla-

natum, 6-lobatum.

Small multiflorous, much branched epiphytic shrub 1-2 m. tall. Branches

slender, glabrous or nearly so, light colored; leaves of a pair usually very unequal

in size, the blade ovate-elliptic or broadly elliptic, attenuated into a long acumi-

nate tip, 3-7 cm. long and 2-3.5 cm. broad, attenuated at the base into a petiole

about 6-10 mm. long, triplinerved, usually with an additional pair of rather obscure

marginal nerves, the secondary nerves very close together, below verruculose with

whitish excrescences, above with scattered verruculose excrescences, the axils of

each lateral vein with small crateriform formicaria below; inflorescences 1-flowered,

born in the axils of upper leaves, pedicels 1.5-3 cm. long, shorter than the subtend-

ing leaves; bracts subtending each flower of two opposed but unequal pairs, the

outer pair slightly connate at the base, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, about 14-

20 mm. long and 9-12 mm. broad, mostly with 5-7 prominent nerves, inner pair

of bracts free to the base, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, 9-10 mm. long and 5-6 mm.

broad; petals and stamens unknown; fruit globose, 6-8 mm. long; calyx in fruit

about 2 mm. high, obscurely 6-lobulate with small external lobules.

COSTA RICA: epiphytic shrub 1-2 m. tall, on mossy trees in former

rain forest area in mountains about 5 km. east of Tilaran, above

Laguna de Arenal, province of Guanacaste, alt. 900-1000 m., Feb-

ruary 13, 1963, Williams & Williams 25099 (type in Chicago Natural

History Museum, EAP, US, G); small tree to 6 m. in edge of rain

forest area along Rio Sarapiqui, between Cariblanco and San Miguel,

province of Heredia, alt. 700 m., April 27, 1956, Williams 20305

(F, EAP).

Closely allied to Blakea gracilis Hemsl., a species not uncommon

in the mountains of Costa Rica and recently collected in Nicaragua.

Blakea multiflora has triplinerved leaves with formicaria in the axils

below, the blade broadly elliptic or ovate-elliptic and with minute

but prominent verruculose excrescences on the secondary veins below

but scattered above; while B. gracilis has trinerved leaves without

formicaria, the blade broadly obovate-elliptic without verruculose

excrescences; the inner pair of subtending bracts are oblanceolate-

flabellate rather than elliptic-oblong.

34 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 31

Blakea litoralis L. Wms., sp. nov.

Arbuscula epiphytica usque ad 4 m. longa. Folia ovalia vel late obovata,

acuminata, triplinervia; inflorescentia uniflora; bractea exteriores ovata vel ellip-

tico-ovata, interiores flabellato-oblanceolata, apice rotundata; calyx rotatum, ob-

scure lobulatum; petala late obovata.

Small glabrous epiphytic shrub with branches 3-4 m. long, the branchlets

slender (moniliform on the type), the leaves crowded toward the apex; leaves of

a pair subequal, the blade broadly oval to broadly obovate, broadest above the

middle, attenuated into an acuminate tip, 4-11.5 cm. long, 1.5-4.5 cm. broad in-

cluding a petiole 0.5-2 cm. long, triplinerved usually with an additional and obscure

marginal pair of nerves, very obscurely verruculose on both surfaces; inflorescence

1-flowered from the axils of upper leaves and exceeded by the leaves, pedicels slen-

der, 1.5-2.5 cm. long; bracts subtending each flower of two opposed, unequal pairs,

the outer pair slightly connate at the base, ovate or elliptic-ovate, short acuminate,

2-3 cm. long and 1.5-2 cm. broad, the inner pair flabellate-oblanceolate, broadly

rounded at the apex, 1.5-2.5 cm. long and 0.5-0.9 cm. broad toward the apex;

hypanthium in flowering material 5-6 mm. long, furfuraceous pubescent becoming

glabrous; the calyx rotate, obscurely lobulate, 2-3 mm. long; petals pink, broadly

obovate, about 2-5 cm. long and 2 cm. broad; stamens inflexed in bud, anthers

laterally compressed, oblong, about 4 mm. long, with a small umbonate callus

just above the base dorsally.

COSTA RICA: vicinity of Esquinas Experiment Station, Golfo

Dulce area, Canton de Osa, province of Puntarenas, at sea level,

September 30, 1949, Allen 5329 (type in Chicago Natural History

Museum); epiphytic shrub, branches 10-12 feet long, flowers pink

with yellow stamens, calyx red, very showy and locally common in

forest, Esquinas forest, region between Rio Esquinas and Palmar

Sur de Osa, province of Puntarenas, alt. 75 meters, February 5, 1951,

Allen 5813 (F, EAP, US).

Closely related to Blakea gracilis Hemsl. and B. florida described

above, both mountain species. It is distinguished by the triplinerved

leaves, the relatively large and showy bracts (doubtless called calyx

by Allen), large petals and in being a coastal species rather than one

from the mountains. It must be the showiest species of the group,

which are all most attractive in the field.— Mr. Allen writes (July 15,

1963) that "Both collections of your new Blakea litoralis came from

a massive specimen growing in deep shade on the side of a Carapa

tree, in more or less permanently flooded swamp forest below my

house, at the Esquinas station. This was a very showy epiphytic

shrub, with many branches 10-12 ft. in length. I have seen it else-

where in the area, but this one was easy to get my hands on, in good

condition. My notes indicate that it flowers in the rainy fall months,

and is in full fruit by the following February."

WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, VI 35

Clidemia monantha L. Wms., sp. nov.

Frutex usque ad 3 m. altus. Folia lanceolata vel elliptico-lanceolata, acumi-

nata, integra vel leviter serrulata, utrinque strigosa; inflorescentia uniflora; hy-

panthium constrictum, strigosum; calyx 4-lobatum, dentes exteriores subulatis;

petala 4, anguste oblonga; stamina 8.

Shrubs 2-3 m. tall. Branches terete, grayish or brownish, hirsute with spread-

ing hairs 1-2 mm. long, densely so on younger parts; leaves lanceolate or elliptic-

lanceolate, acuminate, entire or obscurely serrulate, strigose pubescent on both

sides, evenly so above, more prominent near the nerves below, the blades 5-15 cm.

long and 2-5 cm. broad, those of a pair unequal, 5-nerved, the petioles 0.5-

2,5 cm. long, densely hirsute, that of smaller leaf of a pair shorter; inflorescence

1-flowered, the flower sessile in the axil of a leaf (apparently usually in axil of

smaller leaf of pair); hypanthium constricted above, about 4 mm. long, sparsely

to rather densely strigose; calyx lobes 4, rounded, very short (± 0.5 mm.), exte-

rior teeth subulate, strigose, about 1.5-2 mm. long and much exceeding the calyx

lobes; petals 4, narrowly oblong and unequally rounded at the apex, about 2.5-

3 mm. long and 0.8-1.2 mm. broad, usually with a single dorsal appendage near

the apex about 0.5 mm. long; stamens 8, attached at the throat of the hypanthium,

the anther about 3 mm. long, the thecae ±2 mm. long, the unadorned filament

about 0.6 mm. long; style about 2.5 mm. long.

NICARAGUA: fruit purple-black, shrub 2-3 m. tall in moist and

dense rain forest, 4 miles N.E. of Matagalpa, road to El Tuma,

Dept. Matagalpa, alt. 1000 m., Jan. 14, 1963, Williams, Molina &

Williams 23858 (type F, EAP, US, G).

COSTA RICA: near San Ramon, alt. 1050-1150 m., 1925-1926,

Brenes 4803, 5007, 5034'

This is a part of Gleason's rather diverse concept of Clidemia cos-

taricensis (Brittonia 3 : 125. 1939) according to specimens cited, and

those annotated but not cited. These represent perhaps three spe-

cies of Clidemia, and one of Blakea. It seems probable that Gleason

may have written his description from only the type for it does not

include the more diverse elements which he annotated as C. costari-

censis.

This species is easily distinguished from Clidemia costaricensis, a

pentamerous species with a several-many-flowered inflorescence.

There seem to be no close allies in Central America among the tetram-

erous species and the inflorescence reduced to one flower is distinctive.

Topobea aeruginosa (Standl.) L. Wms., comb. nov. Blakea

aeruginosa Standl. Field Mus., Bot. 17, no. 4: 381. 1938.

Standley wrote "The corolla, which I have not seen, is described

as pink." This is a curious statement for the type specimen had an

attached flower which contained all flower parts, including petals and

36 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 31

stamens which usually fall away very soon after the flower opens.

The plant looks more like a Topobea than a Blakea, an impression

which is confirmed by the anther structure, — they are long, acute and

linear rather than short, oblong, obtuse and laterally compressed.

The original specimen was collected in Honduras. We have the fol-

lowing collections from Nicaragua:

NICARAGUA: epiphytic shrub 3-4 m., Cordillera Central de Nica-

ragua between Matagalpa and Jinotega, department of Matagalpa,

alt. 1500 meters, January 9, 1963, Williams, Molina & Williams

231*50, 234-68; shrub 6 meters, old cloud forest area between Despa-

rate de Potter and Aranjuez, Cordillera Central de Nicaragua, de-

partment of Metagalpa, alt. 1300 meters, January 12, 1963, Williams,

Molina & Williams 23685; tree 4m., cloud forest area, mountains

along road to La Fundadora, Cordillera Central de Nicaragua, de-

partment of Matagalpa, alt. 1300-1400 m., February 22, 1963,

Williams, Molina & Williams 21*886.

The species should have been included in my short review of

those kinds occurring from Mexico to the San Juan depression in

Nicaragua. It was not realized that the plant was a Topobea until

more ample material was collected in the field, (cf. Fieldiana, Bot.

29, no. 10: 581-585. 1963.)

MONIMIACEAE

Mollinedia ruae Williams & Molina, sp. nov.

Arbusculum vel arbor 3-10 m. altum, glaber; folia elliptica, acuminata, Integra

vel plusminusve dentata, 6-11 cm. longa et 2.5-4 cm. lata; inflorescentia pauci-

flora, cymosa.

Shrubs or small trees, 3-10 m. tall, completely glabrous or the very young buds

pubescent; leaves opposite, the leaves of a pair similar or nearly so, the blades

elliptic, acuminate, nearly entire or somewhat dentate on the terminal half, the

teeth small and glandular-thickened, the veins prominent below and raised below,

5-10 pairs which anastomose near the margins, about 6-11 cm. long and 2.5-4 cm.

broad, the petioles short, somewhat glandular thickened, 0.4-0.6 cm. long; inflores-

cences axillary, much shorter than the subtending leaf, about 3 cm. long, probably

cymose and few-flowered but only one flower maturing fruits; flowers unknown;

fruits a group of sessile or subsessile drupes borne near the edge of the expanded

and fleshy torus, about 5-8 drupes from each torus; drupes ovoid or narrowly

ovoid, somewhat apiculate at the apex (at least when dry); seed 1, the mesocarp

thin and parchment-like, purple maculate, the endocarp bony, striate-rugose on

one side, nearly smooth on the other.

NICARAGUA: shrub 3 m. in cloud forest area, Sta. Maria de Os-

tuma, Cordillera Central de Nicaragua between Matagalpa and Jino-

WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, VI

37

FIG. 6. Mollinedia ruae. A, Branch; X 1A- B, Fruiting inflorescence; X 1J^.

tega, department of Matagalpa, alt. 1300-1500 m., Jan. 8, 1963,

Williams, Molina & Williams 23344,' same data, alt. 1500 m., Jan. 9,

1963, Williams, Molina & Williams 23458; cloud forest area, moun-

tains along road to La Fundadora, Cordillera Central de Nicaragua,

department of Matagalpa, alt. 1300-1400 m., February 23, 1963,

Williams, Molina & Williams 24964 (type Chicago Natural History

Museum, EAP, G, US).

38 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 31

There are described from Mexico and Central America eleven

species of Mollinedia, and there are perhaps one or two others that

seem separable from those. The present species is most closely allied

to M. pinchotiana Perk., a species known only from Costa Rica,—

it is separated from the species presently known by being completely

glabrous, even the torus, by the relatively small number of fruits

borne on each torus, and by the small leaves. The genus is new to

Nicaragua but was to be expected there. We are pleased to name

the species for our companion of many years in the field.

MYRISTICACEAE

Virola kukachkana L. Wms., sp. nov.

Arbores. Folia elliptico-oblonga, acuta, subtus stellato-pubescentia, supra

glabrescentia, nervi laterales 18-38; petioli canaliculati; inflorescentia paniculata

vel cymoso-paniculata, multiflora; sepala 3, ovata vel oblongo-ovata, cucullata,

obtusa vel acuta; fructi ovoidei vel oblongo-ovoidei.

Dioecious trees, the bark secreting a substance which turns maroon on drying.

Branches densely fulvous pubescent with stipitate stellate hairs, becoming glabrous

with age (2nd year); leaves elliptic-oblong, acute, the base cuneate to obscurely

cordate, lower surface persistently and densely fulvous stellate pubescent with

stipitate hairs, upper surface becoming glabrous except along the impressed mid-

nerve, the blades 7-15 cm. long and 2-4 cm. broad; lateral nerves 18-38 on a side

(about 3 per cm.), prominulous below, impressed above, petiole canaliculate, pubes-

cent, 5-10 mm. long; pistillate inflorescences axillary, paniculate or cymose-panic-

ulate, many-flowered, stellate-furfuraceous; pistillate flowers in terminal clusters of

3-10 flowers, sepals 3, ovate or oblong-ovate, cucullate, obtuse or acute, glabrous

inside, pubescent outside, about 2 mm. long and 1.5 mm. broad; ovary subglobose,

sparsely pubescent, about 0.75 mm. long; mature fruit ovoid, or oblong-ovoid,

2-valved, 30-35 mm. long and 20-25 mm. in diameter, glabrous or essentially so;

pericarp 2-4 mm. thick; mature seeds ovoid, about 20-22 mm. long and 12-15 mm.

in diameter; aril laciniate, dissected nearly to base of seed, fleshy, apparently red;

staminate flowers unknown.

PERU: "Cumala blanca," bosque humedo tropical, Fundo "La

Libertad," Rio Mazan, Depto. Loreto, provincia Maynas, distrito

Mazan, alt. 130 m., 8 ago. 1963, Antonio Arostegui V. 115 (type F,

G, US, to be distributed to others) ; same data, fruits only, 8 marzo

1962, Arostegui 37 (F, G, US, others).

The two collections cited are from the same tree, which bears

tree number 28-1. The collector says that the wood is useful for fire-

wood and to make charcoal. Like many other species of the genus

it secretes sap which turns red on exposure to the air. An additional

common name "caupuri" is given on the fruiting material.

WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, VI 39

The nearest relative is V. officinalis Warb. known from eastern

Brazil. It belongs in the species group "rugulosae" of Smith's excel-

lent revision (Brittonia 2: 456. 1937) of The American Species of

Myristicaceae.

Dr. B. Francis Kukachka, for whom this species is named, is in

charge of wood identification research at Forest Products Labora-

tories, U. S. Forest Service at Madison, Wisconsin. The project

from which these, and other excellent voucher specimens come is his.

ORCHIDACEAE

Epidendrum longicaule L. Wms. comb. nov. lonopsis longi-

caulis L. Wms. in Brittonia 14: 443, t. 1962.

This is one of the most curious species of Epidendrum and one

which I placed, in error, far from where it belongs. This species re-

sembles in many ways plants of Epidendrum sec. Barkeria, but Mr.

Thien, who is revising the group, as a genus, advises that he thinks

it does not belong there.

Kegeliella atropilosa Williams & Heller, sp. nov.

Herbae epiphyticae repentes ueque ad 10-12 cm. altae. Pseudobulbi ovati vel

suborbiculari, trifoliati; folia obovata, breviter acuminata; inflorescentia racemosa,

pauciflora; sepala lineari-lanceolata, breviter acuminata, dorso atrohispida; label-

lum trilobatum, subcordatum.

Small repent epiphytic herbs to 10-12 cm. tall. Stem repent, densely crowded

with pseudobulbs; the pseudobulbs ovoid to suborbicular, sometimes somewhat

laterally compressed, smooth, trifoliate at the apex, subtended by two lanceolate,

acuminate maculate bracts, 1.5-2.5 cm. long and mostly about 1.5 cm. thick;

leaves ovate, shortly acuminate, with 5 prominent carinate nerves and 2- (4) less

prominent ones, 7-9 cm. long and 3.5-5 cm. broad, contracted at the base into a

short (±1 cm.) conduplicate petiole; inflorescence a simple 1-few-flowered raceme,

lateral, pendent; the rachis slender and covered with clumped purplish-black pilose

pubescence, the bracts sparsely pilose, narrowly lanceolate, acute, the lower non-

floriferous one sheathing, flowers greenish-white, the sepals and petals with trans-

verse red bars, the lip yellow with red spots on either side of the callus, column

dark green; dorsal sepal ±17 mm. long and 3 mm. broad, linear-lanceolate, short

acuminate, blackish hispid dorsally; lateral sepals similar to the dorsal, free to the

bases; petals ±12 mm. long, and 1-1.5 mm. broad, linear or linear-oblanceolate,

acute; lip about 8 mm. long and as broad across the lateral lobes, subcordate in

outline, the base short unguiculate, 3-lobed, the laterals suberect, rounded, about

4 mm. long, the apical lobe subcordate, nearly as broad as long, the sinus closed

when the lip is spread, the disc with a narrow sulcate, puberulent callus from near

the base of the claw to beyond the middle of the lip, about 6 mm. long and erect

and 2.5 mm. high near its apex; column about 12 mm. long with a broad thin wing

(about 4-5 mm. across) gradually contracted toward the narrow base of the col-

FIG. 7. Kegeliella atropilosa. A, Habit; about X %. B, Lateral sepal; X 2^.

C, Dorsal sepal; X 2Y2. D, Petal; X 2^. E, Lip spread out; X 2^. F, Lip and

column from the side; X 2^. G, Column from below; X 2YZ. H, Pollinia, stipe

and disc; X 5. I, Anther cap; X 5. J, Lip seen from front; X 2^-

40

WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, VI 41

umn; anther helmet-like, about 3 mm. long; pollinia 2, 2-2.5 mm. long and each

0.6 mm. broad, caudicle about 2 mm. long, the viscid disc ±1.5 mm. long; the

ovary shorter than the subtending bract, densely purple-black pilose.

NICARAGUA: epiphyte in forest on Pistacho Peak near Babilonia

mine, province of Chontales, alt. 570 m., September 1962, Heller 6511

(type in Chicago Natural History Museum).

The genus Kegeliella is one of the rarest in Panama and Central

America. The two previously known species have been found but

few times. Kegeliella atropilosa is most closely allied to K. houtteana

(Reichb. f.) L. Wms.

Lacaena nicaraguensis L. Wms. sp., nov.

Planta epiphytica usque ad 35 cm. alta; pseudobulbi trifoliati, ovoidei, sulcati;

inflorescentia pendula, racemosa, 18-23-flora; folia elliptica, acuta vel acuminata;

sepala late elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica, acuta, cucullata, carnosa; petala oblongo-

ovata, obtusa; labellum trilobatum, lobi laterales obovati, erecti; lobus terminalus

unguiculatus, quadrato-ovatus.

Large epiphytic plants to 35 cm. tall with a long pendant inflorescence to

50 cm. long. Pseudobulbs laterally compressed, ovoid, sulcate and ribbed, tri-

foliate at the apex, to about 7 cm. long and 4.5 cm. broad near the base; leaves 3

from apex of pseudobulb, elliptic, the inner one narrowest, acute or acuminate,

many nerved but with 3 principal nerves, 25-30 cm. long and 4-5.5 cm. broad;

inflorescence lateral, pendant, racemose, with 18-23 flowers, lower bracts enfolding

the rachis, fertile bracts elliptic-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, cucullate, 1.5-

2.5 cm. long; flowers white, the sepals pale lavender near the apices, the petals

pale lavender along the nerves and with red, scurfy dots near the base, callus with

minute red dots; sepals broadly elliptic or oblong-elliptic, acute, many-nerved,

somewhat cucullate and fleshy, 2.3-3 cm. long and about 1-1.5 cm. broad; petals

oblong-ovate, obtuse, connate at the base with the column, about 2 cm. long and

1 cm. broad; lip 3-lobed, fleshy, somewhat truncate at the narrow base and ob-

scurely auriculate on either side, articulate, about 2-2.5 cm. long and to about

1 cm. broad, the disc with a prominent puberulent callus extending from near the

base to the isthmus, free at the apex and somewhat retuse, bulbous at apex, lateral

lobes of lip somewhat obovate, rounded, erect and surrounding the callus, mid-

lobe unguiculate, the blade broadly quadrate-ovate, about 10 mm. long and nearly

as broad, the claw narrow, somewhat canaliculate below, puberulent, 3-4.5 mm.

long, column somewhat arcuate, prominently winged toward the apex, about 2 cm.

long; anther bidentate in front; pollinia 2, about 2.5 mm. long and on an oblong

caudicle about 4 mm. long.

NICARAGUA: from near the base of Pefia Blanca, Cordillera Cen-

tral de Nicaragua, alt. 3500 feet, May 1962, Hetter 7312 (type in

Chicago Natural History Museum).

Closely related to Lacaena bicolor Lindl., illustrated in Bot. Reg.

30 : t. 50. 1844, from which it is easily distinguished by detail of the

flowers— the puberulent callus of the disc, the long slender claw of

the mid-lobe, the rounded mid-lobe.

42 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 31

Pleurothallis helleriana L. Wms., nom. nov. Cryptophoran-

thus pectinatus Schltr. Fedde Rep. Beih. 19: 277. 1923, non Pleuro-

thallis pectinata Lindl. Bot. Reg. 25: misc. 1. 1839.

NICARAGUA: repent on tree in cloud forest area, Sta. FC* finca

about 8 km. east of Matagalpa, Dept. Matagalpa, alt. ±1000 m.,

June 1962, flowered in Heller's collection February 18, 1963, Wil-

liams & Heller 25086.

This species which was originally described as a Cryptophoran-

thus is a Pleurothallis closely related to P. testaefolia (Sw.) Lindl.,

with which it has been confused, and to P. lappiformis described

below. This species was originally described from material collected

near San Ramon in Costa Rica, a locality now almost devoid of

original vegetation.

Pleurothallis lappiformis Heller & Williams, sp. nov.

Caules secondariis breves, 2-3 mm. longes; folia anguste elliptica, subcoriacea,

longe petiolata; inflorescentia uniflora; flores sessiles, lappiformes, pubescentes;

sepalum dorsale anguste triangulare, acutum; sepala lateralia adnata, oblonga vel

oblongo-ovata, obtusa; petala anguste lanceolata, acuta; labellum oblongo-ovatum,

trilobatum.

Repent epiphytic herbs from a creeping rhizome. Rhizomes flexuose, covered

with sheaths which soon disintegrate, the internodes short, 2-3 mm. long; second-

ary stems short and inconspicuous, up to 8 mm. long at maturity; leaves narrowly

elliptic, erect or spreading, subcoriaceous, long petiolate, the petiole to about

2.5 cm. long and canaliculate above, the blade 7-11 cm. long and 1.5-3.2 cm.

broad, the apex obscurely retuse with an apicule in the sinus; inflorescence 1-flow-

ered, the flower borne at the apex of the secondary stem or from a node on the

rhizome; flowers burr-like, vinaceous red, the perianth densely pubescent with

coarse, appressed, sometimes flattened hairs which are bi-trifurcate toward the

tip; dorsal sepal narrowly triangular, obscurely papillose within, acute, pubes-

cent dorsally, about 11 mm. long and 3 mm. broad at the base, adnate to the

laterals at the base only; lateral sepals adnate, oblong or oblong-ovate, obtuse,

obscurely papillose within and pubescent outside, navicular, about 14 mm. long

and 7 mm. broad; petals narrowly lanceolate, acute, inside with transverse verru-

cose ribs, glabrous, about 7 mm. long and 1.5 mm. broad at the base; lip oblong-

ovate, 3-lobed, fleshy, the disc with transverse verrucose calluses, about 5 mm.

long and 2 mm. broad, or 4 mm. broad when lateral lobes are spread, lateral lobes

small, obtuse, extending to below middle of lip, the mid-lobe obtuse; column nar-

rowly winged, arcuate, about 5 mm. long, the column-foot flat, about 4 mm. long;

anther ovate, pollinia 2.

NICARAGUA: epiphyte, Pistacho Peak near Babilonia Mine, Dept.

Chontales, alt. 650 m., July 1962, Heller 6620 (type in Chicago Nat-

ural History Museum, includes sketches made from living material).

The species appears, on first sight to belong to Cryptophoranthus

but the dorsal sepal is free from the laterals, except in the young

FIG. 8. Pleurothallis lappiformis. A, Habit; X 1. B, Lateral sepals; X 4.

C, Dorsal sepal; X 4. D, Petal; X 4. E, Lip, longitudinal section; X 4. F, Lip

spread out (left) and in natural position; X 4. G, Outline of column and lip in

natural position; X 4. H, Diagram in longitudinal section of column and foot;

X 4. I, Trichome from a sepal; X 15. Illustration from the type and from Heller's

diagnoses of fresh flowers.

43

44 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 31

flowers connate briefly at the apex with the laterals. It is perhaps

most closely allied to Pleurothallis helleriana L. Wms.

The description was drawn from living material, material in liquid

and from dried specimens.

Spiranthes bicaudata Ames, Orch. 7: 126. 1922.

NICARAGUA: Williams, Molina & Williams 24.817, 25017, 25021.

The three collections, all from the Cordillera Central de Nica-

ragua, seem to reinforce the separation of this species from the closely

allied S. costaricensis Reichb. f.

RUBIACEAE

Bathysa multiflora L. Wms., sp. nov.

Arbores. Folia elliptica vel elliptico-ovalia, acuta, 10-19 nervia; inflorescentia

dichasia multiflora; calyx 5-lobatus; corolla infundibularis tubo brevi, fauce villosa,

5-lobata, lobi oblongi vel oblongo-ovati; capsula parva, orbicularia, bilocularis.

Trees to 25 m. tall. Branches at first somewhat flattened, soon becoming

terete. Leaves opposite, broadly elliptic or elliptic-oval, acute, with 10-19 lat-

eral nerves on each side, minutely and obscurely puberulent below or glabrate,

glabrous above, the blade (mature) 9-27 cm. long and 5-14 cm. broad, petiole

relatively short and thick, 8-25 mm. long; inflorescence a terminal aggregate di-

chasium with the flowers in the ultimate divisions closely and densely arranged

in head-like groups, extremely floriferous, puberulent; flowers apparently white,

very small; ovary at anthesis inferior or nearly so, puberulent, 1 mm. or less long;

calyx 5-lobed, sparsely puberulent outside, about 1 mm. long at anthesis, the lobes

ovate or oblong-ovate, obtuse, about 0.5 mm. long; corolla funnelform, about 3 mm.

long, the tube about 1.5 mm. long, densely villous within at the throat, the lobes

5, oblong or oblong-ovate, obtuse, about 1.5 mm. long; anthers 5, exserted, alter-

nate with the lobes, the filaments 3-4 mm. long, villous at the base and with small

appendage on the inner side about 1 mm. from the base; the style about 3 mm.

long, thickened upward and bifid at the apex, the stigmas on the inner faces of

the branches; fruits loculicidal capsules, orbicular, bilocular, about 2 mm. in diam-

eter, with the persistent calyx lobes above the middle.

PERU: "Silata." Granja, Reserva Forestal, Satipo, Depto. Junin,

Pcia. Jauja, alt. 800 m., 25 febrero 1963, Cesar Bazdn Vdsquez 07

(type F, US, G, others); same data, 18 mayo 1963, Bazan 18.

This genus is an uncommon one with most of the species from

eastern Brazil. There are two other species in Peru, B. obovata

(Ruiz) Schum. and B. peruviana Krause, neither of which is closely

allied to the present one. Bathysa australis (St. Hil.) Hook, f., a

much more pubescent species from eastern Brazil, seems to be the

closest ally, but there are many small differences in flowers and leaves.

WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, VI 45

The striking inflorescence of this genus is called a panicle by

Bentham and Hooker in Genera Plantarum and a cymose-panicle

by Standley in Flora of Peru, neither of which it is.

Cosmibuena matudae (Standl.) L. Wms., comb. nov. Hillia

matudae Standl., Field Mus. Bot. 22, no. 1: 51. 1940.

MEXICO: Matuda 2327, 151+72.

GUATEMALA: Standley 85538; Steyermark 30823, 4.94.71.

HONDURAS: Williams 17010.

It is curious that Standley placed this species in Hillia for it is

quite closely allied to Cosmibuena ovalis Standl., C. paludicola Standl.,

and to C. grandiflora (R. & P.) Rusby [South America] all of which

Standley must have known well. The calyces of all the species men-

tioned are soon deciduous, as in Hillia, but the other characters in-

cluding seed structure all point to Cosmibuena.

Loretoa peruviana Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11, no. 5: 222. 1936.

PERU: "Capirona de altura," bosque humedo tropical, Varadero-

Mazan, depto. Loreto, pcia. Maynas, distrito Mazan, alt. 130 m.,

2 febrero 1963, Antonio Arostegui V. 90; same data, fruiting speci-

mens from same tree, 22 junio 1963, Arostegui 107.

When Standley described this genus he assumed that the fruit

was capsular even though the collector said the fruit was edible.

The present collections indicate that the genus belongs in the tribe

Cinchoneae as Standley had surmised. The seeds are winged all

around, essentially narrowly oblong and about 6 by 1.5 mm. These

may be the first collections since the original some 30 years ago.

RUTACEAE

Zanthoxylum anison L. Wms., sp. nov.

Arbores parvae usque ad 5 m. altae. Folia imparipinnata; foliola 5-7, ellip-

tico-ovata, obtusa, petioluli elongati; inflorescentia cymosa vel paniculata; sepala 4,

perparva; petala 4, cucullata, carnosa, obtusa.

Small trees 3-5 m. tall; bark dark brown; wood soft and very light yellow.

Leaves large, imparipinnate, unarmed, coriaceous, to 30 cm. long or perhaps

longer; leaflets 5-7, elliptic-ovate, obtuse, obscurely gland-dotted, glabrous, en-

tire, lateral leaflets unequal at the obtuse or somewhat acute base, the apex rounded

and obtuse, when mature the blades 14-18 cm. long and 6-7 cm. broad, the peti-

olules of the lateral leaflets 1-2.5 cm. long, that of the terminal 4-4.5 cm. long,

rachis terete, about 2-3 mm. in diameter; inflorescence cymose or paniculate,

shorter than the subtending leaf, many-flowered, glandular punctate; sepals 4,

46 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 31

small and inconspicuous, subtriangular, about 1 mm. long; petals 4, imbricated,

fleshy and cucullate, obtuse, glandular punctate, about 3 mm. long and 2 mm.

broad; fruit 4-carpellate, the follicles at maturity spreading, each about 6 mm. long

and about as broad.

GUATEMALA: "Anison." Tree 3-5 meters, bark dark brown with

whitish patches which may be fungus, wood soft and very light

yellow; flowers white with tinge of yellow; not very abundant in

underbrush and along river banks, near Chicaman, west of Coban,

department of Alta Verapaz, May 1952, Merriam A. Jones, J. M.

Tarano & Antonio Fuentes [type (two sheets) in Chicago Natural

History Museum].

The rather attractive common name of this plant is used as the

specific name. It is doubtless the ampliative of the Spanish anis.

The species is closely related to Z. kellermannii P. Wilson from which

it is to be distinguished by the relatively large leaves which have

larger, obtuse, longer petiolulate leaflets, apparently also by details

of the flowers.

This plant was received for study more than ten years ago, when

it was put aside hoping that additional material would come in.

UMBELLIFERAE

Arracacia annulata L. Wms., sp. nov.

Herbae magnae, suffruticosae, usque ad 1.5 m. vel ultra. Folia deltoideo-

ovata, ternato-pinnata vel ternato-bipinnata; foliola ovata vel cordato-ovata, acu-

minata, serrato-dentata; rhachidum et petiolulorum junctionem cum callo annulato

ornata; inflorescentia cymosa, umbellata; petala oblonga; sepala late ovata; fructus

lanceolatus, ca. 7 mm. longus.

Large, coarse, essentially glabrous suffrutescent perennial herbs to 1.5 m. or

more tall. Leaves deltoid-ovate in general outline, ternate-pinnate, or ternate-

bipinnate, 10-35 cm. long (excluding petiole) and as broad or broader, petiole to

15 cm. long and sheathing at the base, all junctures of petiolules with rachis and

petioles with rugose annulate callus thickenings, usually also at the junction of

the petiolule with the leaflet; the uppermost leaves much reduced, occasionally to

a sheathing bract; leaflets ovate to cordate-ovate, acuminate, round, truncate or

shallowly cordate at the base, serrate-dentate except at the base, 3.5-9 cm. long

and 2-4.5 cm. broad (those on upper reduced leaves much smaller), the petiolule

on lateral leaflets 0-1 cm. long, that (rachis?) on terminal leaflets to 3.5 cm. long;

inflorescence cymosely branched, the umbels few-many; peduncles of fertile mature

umbels 3-5 cm. long; involucre of few short, soon deciduous bracts or none, in-

volucel of several linear or filiform bractlets 2-5 mm. long and deciduous with age;

fertile rays 2-20, spreading, the pedicels 2-10 mm. long; flowers purple; petals

oblong, ±0.5 mm. long; sepals broadly ovate, ±1 mm. long; stylopodium narrowly

conic, the styles slightly reflexed, the stigmas capitate, the whole 1.5-2.5 mm. long;

the fruit narrowly lanceolate, about 7 mm. long and 1.5-2 mm. broad, the ribs

prominent, subalate on young fruit.

WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, VI

47

FIG. 9. Arracacia annulate. A, Leaf from upper part of stem; X Yz- B, Ma-

ture fruit; X 5. C, Annulate callus thickening on petiole; X 5. D, Annulate callus

thickening at base of a terminal leaflet; X 5. (Vegetative characters from Steyer-

mark Jt8965; fruit from Purpus 11187.)

MEXICO: herb 2-3 feet, stem purple, flowers yellowish green, fra-

grance like anise, San Felipe, village near Ciudad las Casas (San

Cristobal), Mt. Ecatepec 3 miles west of town, Chiapas, alt. 2400 m.,

March 31, 1949, Carlson 1629; pic Orizaba (Vera Cruz or Puebla)

alt. 10,000 ft., 1841-43, Liebmann 12159; Nogales, Vera Cruz, May 2,

1937, Matuda 1121; open forest, Huatusco, Vera Cruz, Sept. 1928,

Purpus 11167.

GUATEMALA: corolla purple, between San Mateo Ixtatan and

Cruz de Limon, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, Dept. Huehuetenango,

alt. 2800-3100 m., July 10, 1942, Steyermark 1*8501; herb 5 feet,

stems dull purple, flowers purplish, rachis and petioles purplish, cloud

forest between Xoxlac and Nucapuxlac, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes,

alt. 1650-2500 m., July 17, 1942, Steyermark 1*8965 (type, Chicago

Natural History Museum).

48 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 31

Closely related to A. bracteata Coult. & Rose, A, rigida Coult. &

Rose and to A. donnell-smithii Coult. & Rose. From all these it is

quickly distinguished by the annulate callus thickenings of the rachis

and petiolules, by the large leaflets with obtuse, truncate or even

somewhat cordate bases. The fruits are also narrower than in the

other species. The Matuda specimen (No. 1121) was annoted in

1941 by Mathias and Constance as A. nelsoni C. & R. but appar-

ently not used in preparing the description of that species in North

American Flora.

Enantiophylla heydeana Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 18: 56, t. 5.

1893.

A monotypic genus not uncommon in Guatemala, and known

also from Mexico and El Salvador.

There are two specimens in the herbarium of Chicago Natural

History Museum that may be typical material and one of these is

marked "type," probably by Millspaugh. This specimen was dis-

tributed on a label from United States National Herbarium as "3352,

Enantiophylla Heydeana C. & Rose, n. sp., Santa Rosa, Guatemala,

J. D. Smith, May 1892." The discussion in the original publication

states that the Heyde collection was made along the banks of the

Rio Esclavo and was in flower. Our specimen consists of a specimen

in advanced fruit and fragments in young flower.

The second specimen was part of the herbarium of the Univer-

sity of Chicago and is merely indicated as "Heyde & Lux? Guate-

mala?" The material is exactly like that of the flowering portion of

the specimen previously discussed, in stage of development and in

preparation of the specimen.

Publications 982 and 983

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA