BIOLOGY
11979
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
A Continuation of the
BOTANICAL SERIES
of
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
VOLUME 32
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
CHICAGO, U.S.A.
\/,J>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. A New Guatemalan Spigelia. By Dorothy N. Gibson 1
2. Three New Nicaraguan Epidendrums. By Alfonso H. Heller 7
3. Syagrus oleracea ( Mart. ) Becc. and Closely Related Taxa. By
S. F. Classman 13
4. Tropical American Plants, X. By Louis O. Williams 35
5. Two New Guatemalan Tournefortias. By Dorothy N. Gibson 65
6. A New Member of Morganella. By Patricio Ponce de Leon 69
7. A New Odontoglossum from Nicaragua. By Alfonso H. Heller 73
8. Studies in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. II. By S. F. Glassman 77
9. Revision of the Genus Vascellum (Ly coper daceae). By Patricio
Ponce de Leon 109
10. A Conspectus of the Palm Genus Butia Becc. By S. F. Glassman 127
11. Studies in American Plants, II. By Dorothy N. Gibson 173
12. Tropical American Plants, XI. By Louis O. Williams 179
13. The Juglandaceae of Guatemala. By Louis O. Williams and Antonio
Molina R 207
14. An Overlooked Genus of the Scrophulariaceae. By Louis O. Williams 211
15. A Synopsis of the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. By S. F. Glassman 215
16. A New Hybrid in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. By S. F. Glassman 241
REVISION OF THE GENUS VASCELLUM
(LYCOPERDACEAE)
PATRICK) PONCE DE LEON
A CONSPECTUS OF THE PALM GENUS
BUT/A BECC.
S. F. GLASSMAN
STUDIES IN AMERICAN PLANTS, II
DOROTHY N. GIBSON
TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, XI
LOUIS 0. WILLIAMS
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
VOLUME 32, NUMBERS 9, 10, 11, 12
Published^by
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
MAY 22, 1970
The Library of tlw
HAU MAY 1 5 197'
REVISION OF THE GENUS VASCELLUM
(LYCOPERDACEAE)
PATRICK) PONCE DE LEON
Assistant Curator, Cryptogamic Herbarium
Field Museum of Natural History
A CONSPECTUS OF THE PALM GENUS
BUTIA BECC.
S. F. GLASSMAN
Research Associate in Palms, Field Museum of Natural History
Professor of Biological Science, University of Illinois, Chicago Circle
STUDIES IN AMERICAN PLANTS, II
DOROTHY N. GIBSON
Supervisor, Herbaria
Field Museum of Natural History
TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, XI
LOUIS 0. WILLIAMS
Chief Curator, Botany
Field Museum of Natural History
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
VOLUME 32, NUMBERS 9, 10, 11, 12
Published by
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
MAY 22, 1970
CONTENTS
PAGE
Revision of the Genus Vascellum (Lycoperdaceae) by Patricio Ponce de Leon . 109
A Conspectus of the Palm Genus Butia Becc. by S. F. Glassman 127
Studies in American Plants, II by Dorothy N. Gibson 173
Tropical American Plants, XI by Louis 0. Williams . . 179
FIELDIANA . BOTANY
Volume 32, No. 12 May 22, 1970 - Publication 1095
Tropical American Plants, XI
Louis 0. WILLIAMS
CHIEF CURATOR, BOTANY
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
The manuscript for the beginning of Part IX of the "Flora of
Guatemala." The Convolvulaceae through the Verbenaceae, is now
ready for press. A portion of this paper has to do with the Con-
volvulaceae for that flora. The remainder is notes on other groups
of plants studied during the course of the year.
Many of the specimens cited here have been loaned to me by
Dr. C. L. Lundell, whose herbarium of material from Pete"n is espe-
cially rich. Dr. Peter Raven and Dr. Dennis Breedlove have sent
me a portion of their collections from southern Mexico and Guate-
mala and included were very fine collections of Ipomoea, a genus
often neglected by collectors. Elias Contreras of Pete"n, Guatemala
has sent specimens and some of these are cited here. The collections
of my associates and myself, those of our predecessors at Field Mu-
seum, and of Antonio Molina R. of Escuela Agricola Panamericana
find a prominent place among the specimens cited. Dr. George S.
Bunting made an important gift of Nicaraguan material to Field
Museum. The last species in this paper is from that collection.
I am appreciative of material loaned for study by U. S. National
Herbarium, Gray Herbarium, New York Botanical Garden, the
University of Wisconsin, the University of Michigan, and photo-
graphs from Royal Botanical Garden at Kew.
Friends — Dr. Fosberg, Dr. Shinners, Dr. Gunn — have been help-
ful in sharing knowledge, especially in the Convolvulaceae.
Miss Davida Simon has prepared the illustrations in this paper,
as well as all those to appear in the forthcoming part of the flora.
The National Science Foundation has been especially important
to us at Field Museum in making field work and research possible
and profitable.
APOCYNACEAE
Echites cupulifera L. Wms. sp. nov.
Lianae robustae suffruticosae volubiles. Folia petiolata glabra vel leviter
strigosa eglandulosa, laminae lanceolato-oblongae acuminatae base subobtusae,
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 61-17730
179
180 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 32
petioli graciles puberulentes; inflorescentia cymosa vel dichasiosa axillaris vel ter-
minalis; flos luteus; calyces lobis lanceolatis acutis leviter carnosis; corolla hypo-
crateriformis extus glabra, lobi breves; folliculi subparalleli.
Rampant vines, the stems relatively stout and woody, terete or somewhat
angled, 6-7 mm. in diameter or less, glabrous, reddish on older branches, sparsely
strigose, becoming glabrous. Leaves opposite, petiolate, glabrous or sparsely pu-
berulent below, eglandular, the blade lanceolate-oblong, acuminate, somewhat
obtuse at the base, paler below, with about 5 pairs of lateral veins, 7-13 cm. long
and 3-5 cm. broad, the petioles slender, puberulent, about 1.3-2 cm. long, stipular
ring (essentially interpetiolar) of several subglandular digitiform processes 0.7-
0.9 mm. long; inflorescences axillary (or possibly terminal), a modified cyme or
dichasium, few-flowered; flowers yellow, relatively large, pedicels slender, 2-4 cm.
long, calyx at anthesis 4-5 mm. long, the lobes lanceolate, acute, somewhat cucul-
late and fleshy, the squamellae deeply dissected with the segments digitiform and
about 0.5 mm. long, corolla salverform, glabrous inside and outside, except barbate
in the tube below the anthers, about 5 cm. long, narrowly tubular at the base to
the insertion of the anthers (1-1.5 cm. from base) then abruptly expanded and
tubular, the lobes short and flaring, obtuse; anthers about 5 mm. long, bicaudate
at the base, acute at the apex, narrowly lanceolate, an adjacent pair provided with
long filamentose apical appendages about 9 mm. long, these entwined, the other
anthers without apical appendages; nectaries surrounding the ovary joined, nar-
rowly cupuliform, 2.5-3 mm. high and 2-2.5 mm. broad; style about 15 mm. long,
reaching to the anthers, the stigmatic portion about 1.5 mm. long and subtended
with an extended lamellate appendage; follicles 2, subparallel at maturity, to 20 cm.
long or perhaps more.
Guatemala: bejuco, con vainas verdes, foresta de segundo creci-
miento, en orillando aereopuerto, lado norte, Tikal, Parque Nacional,
Depto. Pete"n, 5 noviembre de 1969, Tun Ortiz 418 (type, F).
E chiles cupulifera belongs in the subgenus Euechites (=Echites)
section yucatanenses of Woodson's treatment of the genus (Ann. Mo.
Bot. Card. 23: 217-252. 1936). Woodson maintained six species in
the genus and one more, E. woodsoniana, has been added by Mona-
chino. The present species is most closely related to E. yucatanensis
Millsp. but is distinguished by many details — the leaves larger, nar-
rower and not so obtuse at the base; the inflorescence more open and
the peduncles much longer; the upper part of the corolla tube much
more open and the lobes of the corolla much shorter and not spread-
ing; the anthers are most unusual in that two have long filamentose
apical processes which are twisted together but the other three an-
thers are without these processes (no other species of Echites is known
to have these processes, but they do occur in Cameraria) ; the calyx
lobes are not acuminate and the squamellae are larger and more
deeply dissected; the nectaries surrounding the ovary are cupuliform
and much more prominent than in E. yucatanensis; the follicles sub-
parallel rather than divaricate.
FIG. 1. Echites cupulifera. A, a branch, X Y^ B, calyx and pistil, X 1%;
C, calyx dissected to show glands at the inner base of the lobes and the cupuliform
nectary surrounding the ovary, X 2^>; D, corolla dissected to show position of
anthers, two of these with filiform apical appendages, X 2.%; E, a stamen showing
short, fleshy filament, X 2%. Prepared by artist Marion Pahl from the type
specimen.
181
182 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 32
Thenardia galeottiana Baill., Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris 2: 819.
1890; Woodson, Ann. Mo. Bot. Card. 23: 275. 1936.
Mexico: Prov. de Oaxaca, Galeotti 1565; Iguala, Guerrero, Aug. 12,
1905, Rose, Painter & Rose 9^24; flowers white, vine, steep wooded
slopes on bank of Rio Hondo 4 miles north of Jitolol on the road to
Pueblo Nuevo Solistahuan, municipio of Jitolol, Chiapas, alt. 5,500
feet, August 20, 1965, Breedlove 12046.
This is an uncommon genus in Mexico and one in which the four
known species, all Mexican, are easily divided into two quite differ-
ent looking components. The present species is small flowered, as is
T. gonoloboides Woodson. The other two species, including the type
species, are large flowered.
I am placing the Breedlove specimen into T. galeottiana tenta-
tively even though it has some characters that might seem to indicate
that it is a distinct species.
ASCLEPIADACEAE
Marsdenia gracilis L. Wms. sp. nov.
Lianae graciles herbaceae glabrae. Folia lanceolata vel anguste lanceolata,
longe acuminata, basi obtusa vel subtruncata, subtus glauca; petioli graciles; in-
florescentia extra-axillaris, pedunculata, subumbellata; calyx lobi angusti ovati,
acuti, glabri; corolla rotata vel campanulato-rotata, profunda lobata, intus dense
piloso-pubescens, lobi ovato-lanceolati, acuti; gynostegium generis; fructus ignotus.
Slender, herbaceous vines. Stems smooth and glabrous, 0.7-1.5 mm. in diam-
eter, the internodes 4-8 cm. long, provided with intrapetiolar lines and these
usually with 3-5 submammillate glands; leaves lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate,
long acuminate, the base obtuse to subtruncate, glaucous beneath, blade C2-)3.5-
7 cm. long and 1-2 cm. broad, with about 10-12 pairs of secondary nerves anasto-
mosing near the margin, provided with 2-4 small mammillate glands at juncture
of petiole, petioles slender, 1-2 cm. long; inflorescences extra-axillary, pedunculate,
subumbellate, with up to 15 pedicellate flowers, peduncles slender and mostly 2-
3 cm. long, pedicels slender, those on mature flowers about 1.5-2 cm. long; flowers
white or pale yellow-green; calyx lobed to the base, the lobes narrowly ovate, acute,
glabrous, about 2 mm. long and nearly 1 mm. broad; corolla rotate or campanulate-
rotate, about 15 mm. broad, deeply lobed, the inner face densely pilose-pubescent
with short erect hairs, especially along the recurved margins of the lobes, glabrous
outside, the lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute, about 6-7 mm. long and 3-4 mm. broad,
the tube very short, about 1 mm. long; gynostegium about 3 mm. high, the fila-
ments connate into a short tube and forming a basal stipe, the corona hoods about
2 mm. long, subsaccate at the base and adnate to the stamen tube and dorsal sur-
face of anthers, anthers provided with a small inflexed membrane at the apex;
fruits unknown.
Costa Rica: corolla white, petals pale yellow-green, vine in dense
wet secondary forest near Artezalea and Methodist Rural Center,
WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, XI 183
about 8 km. N.E. of Villa Quesada, Prov. Alajuela, alt. 550 m.,
Feb. 17, 1966, Molina, Williams, Burger & Wallenta 17299 (type, F;
NY; U.S.).
There are about 28 species of Marsdenia in Mexico, Central Amer-
ica, and Panama, these of quite diverse aspects. Marsdenia gracilis
is related to a small group of species in northern Central America
which includes M. laxiflora Donn.-Sm., M. steyermarkii Woodson,
and M. pinetorum Standl. & L. Wms. The present species seems to
be closest to the last of these, from which it is easily distinguished by
large flowers and corollas pilose-pubescent within.
Marsdenia matudae L. Wms. sp. nov.
Lianae herbaceae vel suffruticosae, glabrae. Folia suborbiculari-ovata, breviter
cordata, acuminata, glabra, longe petiolata; inflorescentia extra-axillaris, puberu-
lenta, racemosa vel cymosa; flos parva; calyx glabra, lobi lineari-lanceolati, acuti;
corolla subrotata vel urceolata, lobi lanci-oblongi, acuti, piloso-barbellati; corona
plusminusve 15-lobata; gynostegium stipitatum; folliculi ignoti.
Large herbaceous or suffrutescent vines, the stems glabrous or nearly so, terete,
3-5 mm. in diameter at origin of inflorescences. Leaves suborbicular-ovate, shal-
lowly cordate, acuminate, with 3-5 pairs of prominent, arcuate, lateral nerves,
glabrous, the blade 12-15 cm. long and 9-11 cm. broad, provided with 8-10 small
glands at the apex of the petiole, petioles long, slender, glabrous, 5-7 cm. long;
inflorescence extra-axillary, puberulent, a simple raceme to a compound cyme, the
peduncle 5-6 cm. long, the flowering portion to 5 cm. long with or without second-
ary peduncles, the pedicels 2-3 mm. long; flowers small; calyx divided to the base,
glabrous, provided with minute black glands, the lobes linear-lanceolate, acute,
2.5-3 mm. long and about 1 mm. broad, with small digitate process in the sinus of
the lobes; corolla subrotate or urceolate, lobed to near the base, the lobes lance-
oblong, acute, about 2.5 mm. long and 1.2 mm. broad, apical half reflexed, pilose-
barbellate; faucal corona about 15 lobed, fleshy but thin, about 0.2-0.3 cm. high;
gynostegium about 1.2 mm. high, and 2 mm. broad, stipitate; the stigma 5-angu-
late; pollinia about 1 mm. long, the gland minute, subcordate, the filaments sub-
glandular, the pollen masses reniform but thicker at the free end, about 0.5 mm.
long; follicles unknown.
Mexico: "Contua Simaron," in open margin of wet forest, Salto
de Agua, Escuintla, Chiapas, alt. 400 m., Aug. 3, 1948, Matuda 18395
(F, type).
Closely related to M. stephanotidifolia Woodson of adjacent Gua-
temala. It is easily distinguished by the much smaller flower; calyx
lobes linear-lanceolate, 2.5-3 mm. long, not ovate and 5 mm. long;
the corolla lobed to near the base, about 2.5-3 mm. long, not with
tube as long as the lobes and to 11 mm. long.
Named for Prof. Matuda whose important collections are essen-
tial to an understanding of the flora of south Mexico.
184 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 32
Matelea micrantha L. Wms. sp. nov.
Herbae volubiles, elongatae, ramosae, puberulentes. Folia late ovato-cordata
vel ovato-cordata, breviter acuminata, petioli graciles; inflorescentiae axillares,
pedunculatae, subumbellatae vel racemoso-subumbellatae, pauciflorae, pedicelli
graciles; calyx lobatus, lobi lanceolati, acuti; corolla rotata, 5-lobata, glabra, lobi
late ovati, obtusi vel retusi; corona corollae 5-lobata, 5-excavata, humilis; folliculi
subf usiformes, sine spinis.
Twining herbaceous vines, the plant puberulent with very short mostly erect
hairs with some, especially in the inflorescence, subglandular purplish hairs char-
acteristic of the genus. Leaves broadly ovate-cordate to ovate-cordate, the sinus
narrow or the lobes overlapping, shortly acuminate, upper leaf surface finely
puberulent (under lens), the lower one less so, 3-6 cm. long and 2-5 cm. broad,
petiole slender, puberulent with mostly dark hairs, 1-5 cm. long; inflorescences
axillary, mostly shorter than subtending leaf, pedunculate, subumbellate or ra-
cemose-subumbellate, few-flowered, puberulent, peduncles slender, 1.5-2.5 cm.
long, pedicels up to 1 cm. long; calyx about 1.5 mm. long, lobate nearly to the base,
densely puberulent, the lobes lanceolate, acute, about 1-1.3 mm. long and 0.6-
0.7 mm. broad at the base; corolla rotate, deeply 5-lobate, about 5 mm. broad,
greenish with reddish reticulations, glabrous, or sparsely puberulent outside, lobes
broadly ovate, obtuse or retuse, about 1.5 mm. long and nearly as broad, faucal
corona about 2 mm. across, 5-lobate and with 5 circular cavities, stigmatic surface
stelliform, slightly recessed, about 0.8 mm. across; follicles subfusiform, sparsely
long hirsute and puberulent, not tuberculate, about 9 cm. long.
Guatemala: flowers green-reddish, fruits green, vine, has milk, in
a clearing at Macanche*, Dept. Pete"n, Jan. 28, 1966, Contreras 54.17
(F, type, 2 sheets; US; NY; LL) ; flowers red and dark-greenish, vine
on rocky hill 200 feet high 2)4 km. north of the lake, Macanche".
Dept. Pete*n, Feb. 7, 1966, Contreras 5^95 (F; US; NY; LL; MO).
This species is closely allied to M. nigrescens (Schlecht.) Woodson
from Mexico from which it is easily distinguished by the glabrous,
not long pilose inner face of the corolla; the corolla is smaller and the
faucal corona is different; it lacks the strongly spreading hirsute ped-
icels of M. nigrescens. The species shares with M . pusilliflora L.
Wms. the smallest flowers among the Mateleas with rotate corollas.
Specimens of this species came to hand just as the account of
Asclepiadaceae for "Flora of Guatemala" was coming from the press.
CONVOLVULACEAE
Bonamia trichantha Hallier f. Bot. Jahrb. 16: 528. 1893. Tri-
chantha ferruginea Karst. & Triana, Linnaea 28: 438. 1856, non Bo-
namia ferruginea (Choisy) Hallier f. Bonamia trichantha var. ovata
forma glabrata Myint & Ward, Phytologia 17: 220. 1968.
WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, XI 185
Costa Rica: flowers white, vine, rain forest area on Maxwell
Cone's "El Volcan" farm at the junction of Rio Angel and Rio Vol-
can, El General Valley, Province of Puntarenas, alt. 450-500 m.,
February 2, 1963, Williams, Jimenez & Williams 24208.
New to Costa Rica, this is an extension from Panama and South
America of the form of the species which has the leaves glabrate be-
low. The genus has not been reported previously from Costa Rica.
E VOLVULUS.- — Traditionally, Evolvulus alsinoides L. and E. filipes
Mart, have been kept as separate species and Dr. van Ooststroom
(1934) in his monograph of the genus maintained them. He ap-
pended 15 varieties to E. alsinoides, four of these recorded from
Guatemala. The differences between some of these varieties seem
slight if not non-existent. Furthermore, I am not at all sure that
E. filipes (which is said to have smaller corollas [3-4.5 mm. in diam-
eter, not 5-7 mm.], sepals smaller, the leaves narrower and less pu-
bescent, the pubescence of the stems appressed), can be distinguished
from E. alsinoides. No one of the characters given is consistent, nor
probably of much importance in this weedy group.
Ipomoea anisomeres var. sagittiformis L. Wms. var. nov.
A /. anisomeres Rob. & Bartl. differt folia minore sagittiformes pubescentes;
lobi exterior! calycum majores; corolla lavendula.
Differs from the species in having small sagittiform leaves up to 8 cm. long
with terminal lobe relatively narrow, 1-2 cm. broad; the exterior lobes of the calyx
3-5 mm. long, broadly ovate; corolla as in the species except lavender; capsule
suborbicular, about 1 cm. long, the seeds subvelutinous and with long sericeous
coma along the lateral margins, 5-6 mm. long.
Guatemala: corolla lavender, trailing on ground along road, be-
tween Mill 49.5 and ridge 6 miles from Izabal, Montana del Mico,
Dept. Izabal, alt. 65-600 m., April 1, 1940, Steyermark 38485 (type F).
This variety is much like the species, except for the characters
enumerated. The papillate stems characteristic of the species are
found here. The stamens are toward the base of the corolla.
Ipomoea armentalis L. Wms. sp. nov.
Herbae volubiles graciles herbaceae vel suffrutescentes, caules puberulentes
aut glabrescentes. Folia oblongo-ovata aut ovata, cordata, acuminata, leviter
piloso-puberbulentes, petioli graciles; inflorescentia uni- (bi-?) flora axillaris, pe-
dunculi perbreves, pedicelli graciles, puberulentes, 1-4 cm. longi; calyx ca. 1.5 cm.
longus, coriaceus, glabrus, lobi inaequales vel subaequales, oblongi aut oblongo-
lanceolati; corolla anguste campanulata, atropurpurea; capsula lanceolato-ovoidea;
semina subtrigona, nigra, puberulentes, margines laterales coma sericea pectinata
ornati.
186 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 32
Delicate twining herbaceous or suffrutescent vines with puberulent or glabres-
cent stems to about 1 mm. in diameter. Leaves oblong-ovate to ovate, cordate,
acuminate, pilose-puberulent on both surfaces, the blade 3-8 cm. long and 1.5-
4.5 cm. broad, petiole slender, shorter than the blade; inflorescence axillary,
1- (rarely 2-) flowered, longer than the subtending leaf, peduncle 0.1-2 cm. long,
puberulent, the slender pedicels 1-4 cm. long, puberulent; calyx about 1.5 cm. long
at anthesis and in fruit, coriaceous, glabrous, the lobes unequal to subequal, ob-
long or oblong-oblanceolate, obtuse, 8-12 mm. long, with the outer lobes often
shorter than the inner ones; corolla dark purple to blue, narrowly campanulate,
about 5-6 cm. long, tip of bud puberulent, puberulent inside at insertion of fila-
ments; anthers reaching to the middle of the corolla, the base of the filaments
barbate; capsule lanceolate-ovoid, the thick style base persisting, 1.5-2 cm. long;
seeds subtrigonous, black, puberulent over the whole surface, except the lateral
margins with long coma of comb-like hairs, about 9 mm. long and 4 mm. broad.
Mexico: flowers blue, vine, steep slopes with Quercus and Pinus
3 miles south of Aguacatenango along the road to Pinola Las Rosas,
municipio Venustiano Carranza, Chiapas, alt. 5,600 feet, October 17,
1965, Breedlove & Raven 13^35 (F, type, 2 sheets; DS).
Guatemala: "Guatemala," Heyde 398 (US); damp thicket, small
vine, scarce, corolla dull purple, the throat blackish purple, between
Jutiapa and La Burrera, northeast of Jutiapa, alt. 800-850 m.,
Nov. 1, 1940, Standley 76005 (F); "campanilla," damp thicket,
small vine, corolla dull purple with very dark throat, between Juti-
apa and La Calera southeast of Jutiapa, Dept. Jutiapa, alt. 850 m.,
Nov. 2, 1940, Standley 76076 (F) ; damp quebrada, small vine, corolla
very dark purple, mountains along road between Jalapa and San
Pedro Pinula, Dept. Jalapa, alt. 1,400-1,800 m., Nov. 12, 1940,
Standley 77031 (F) ; wet thicket, large vine, La Joya de Limon east
of Cuilapa, Dept. Santa Rosa, alt. 900 m., Nov. 25, 1940, Standley
78299 (F); large woody vine, on dry, rocky, brushy hillsides, near
Fiscal, Dept. Guatemala, alt. 1,100 m., Dec. 18, 1940, Standley 80383
(F) ; corolla dark purple on inside, pale purplish outside, upper pine
slopes along Rio Tac6, between Chiquimula and Montana Barriol,
3-15 miles northwest of Chiquimula, Dept. Chiquimula, alt. 500-
1,200 m., Oct. 26, 1939, Steyermark 30648 (F) ; "madre mafz," corolla
purple with dark purple center, root is eaten, cooked and mixed with
corn, between Nent6n and Las Palmas, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes,
Dept. Huehuetenango, alt. 800-1,200 m., August 30, 1942, Steyer-
mark 51600 (F; US).
Distinctive among the Ipomoeas of Mexico and northern Central
America because of the short (usually) single-flowered inflorescences;
the pectinate coma on the lateral margins of the seed. The thick-
ened base of the style persists on the capsule and has a disc-like struc-
WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, XI 187
ture at its summit. The species is related to /. nicoyana House
described from the Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica.
Ipomoea aurantiaca L. Wms. sp. nov.
Herbae glabrae graciles. Folia oblongo-lanceolata, acuminata, basi truncata,
submembranacea, petioli pergraciles; inflorescentiae axillares usque ad longitudine
foliorum aut longiores, pauciflorae; calyx 8-10 mm. longus, lobi inaequales, late
ovati vel suborbiculares, obtusi, coriacei; corolla aurantiaca, tubulari-campanu-
lata, lobi late ovati; capsulae ignotae.
Delicate twining glabrous herbs with stems to about 2 mm. in diameter.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, truncate at the base, membranaceous or
submembranaceous, the blade when mature 4-7.5 cm. long and 1.5-3 cm. broad,
the petiole very slender (0.4 mm. in diameter), 1-1.5 cm. long; inflorescences axil-
lary, about as long as or longer than the subtending leaves, few-flowered, basically
cymose, the peduncle almost as thick as the stem, 2.5-7 cm. long, the pedicels slen-
der, somewhat furfurescent, mostly less than 2 cm. long; calyx about 8-10 mm.
long, the lobes unequal, broadly ovate to suborbicular, obtuse, coriaceous, the
outer ones somewhat furfurescent dorsally, 4-6 mm. long, the inner lobes 8-10 mm.
long, the margins chartaceous; corolla orange, tubular campanulate, glabrous, 5-
6 cm. long and about 1 cm. in diameter near the throat, lobes broadly ovate, about
1 cm. long; capsules unknown.
Mexico: vine, flowers orange, wooded slope near the crest of ridge,
2 miles south of Tuxtla Gutierrez along road to Villa Flores, muni-
cipio Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, elevation 2,800 feet, October 16,
1965, Breedlove & Raven 13362 (F, type; DS).
This species has several characters which distinguish it from all
of the species that I know. No other species in our region has orange-
colored flowers; the submembranaceous leaves that are narrow and
truncate at the base are unusual ; the very narrow corolla is unusual
but similar to that in some of the red-flowered species of the Ipomoea
purga alliance, although the limb of the corolla is broad in those
species.
Ipomoea bombycina (Choisy) Benth. & Hook., Gen. PL 2: 873.
1876. Bombycospermum mexicanum Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 137, t. 71.
1835. Batatas bombycina Choisy, DC. Prodr. 9: 340. 1845.
Mexico: Haenke 1435 (F); Palmer 370 (F).
The fragmentary Haenke specimen may be authentic and matches
the Palmer specimen very closely. Both would fit into Presl's de-
scription, with exceptions, but the illustration seems to show a ter-
minal inflorescence as Presl specified. Our specimen has no attached
inflorescence and perhaps the type had none either so that Presl
assumed that it was terminal instead of axillary. The Palmer speci-
men has both flowers and fruits.
188 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 32
Ipomoea breedlovei L. Wms. sp. nov.
Herbae volubiles graciles glabrae. Folia late ovata, cordata, caudata vel acu-
minato caudata, petioli graciles; inflorescentia pluriflora, cymosa; calycis lobi sub-
aequales, ovati vel suborbiculares, apices rotundati, basi tentaculifera; corolla
infundibuliformis stamina et stylus perbreves; capsula ignota.
Twining herbaceous vines with slender stems, completely glabrous except tips
of corolla. Leaves broadly ovate, cordate, caudate or caudate-acuminate, 6-8 cm.
long when mature and 4-6 cm. broad, the caudate tip to 1 cm. long, petioles slender,
mostly 3-4 cm. long; inflorescence a several-flowered pedunculate cyme, the pedun-
cles axillary, thicker than the petioles, 2-5 cm. long; terminating pedicel (when
distinguishable) of the cyme longest, to 3 cm. long and somewhat inflated; calyx
lobes 6-8 mm. long, subequal, ovate to suborbicular, the apices rounded, the outer
ones with prominent but short fleshy processes toward the base; corolla purple,
funnelform, 6-8 cm. long, the base contracted, stamens and style short, reaching
to about 2.5 cm. above base of corolla, sericeous-puberulent, noticeably so in the
buds; capsules unknown.
Mexico: flowers purple, vine, wooded slope 5 km. north of Tuxtla
Gutierrez along road to El Sumidero, Municipio of Tuxtla Gutierrez,
Chiapas, alt. 2,200 feet, October 18, 1965, Breedlove & Raven 13517
(DS; F); flowers purple, vine, steep wooded slope 9 km. north of
Tuxtla Gutierrez along road to El Sumidero, Municipio of Tuxtla
Gutierrez, Chiapas, elevation 2,500 feet, October 27, 1965, Breed-
love & Raven 13871 (F, type; DS).
This species is obviously closely related to I. tentaculifera Greenm.
but with shorter and more fleshy processes on the calyx; the inflores-
cence is a several to many-flowered cyme while that of /. tentaculifera
is reduced to one or two flowers. The caudate apices of leaves found
in these two species are not common among our species.
I am pleased to name this handsome species for Dennis Breed-
love whose collection of south Mexican Ipomoeas is outstanding.
Ipomoea callida House, Muhlenbergia 3 : 42, t. 3. 1907. Ipomoea
wilsonii House, I.e. t. 1.
Guatemala: Friedrichsthal s. n. (photo F 31905, from W) ; swampy
places between Puerto Barrios and Santo Tomas, Dept. Izabal, alt.
5-20 m., Jan. 2, 1942, Steyermark 42036 (F; US).
British Honduras: vine, corolla pink, edge of hammock in pine
ridge, Swasey branch, Monkey River, Toledo district, Dec. 30, 1941,
Gentle 3850 (F) ; "comotillo," vine, flowers pink, in broken ridge, near
San Antonio, Toledo District, Dec. 3, 1945, Gentle 5450 (LL).
Honduras: Vicinity of Tela, Dept. Atlantida, sea level, 1927-1928,
Standley 54711 (F); Puerto Sierra, Feb. 21, 1903, Wilson 530 (type
WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, XI 189
of I. wilsonii, NY); Puerto Sierra, Feb. 21, 1903, Wilson 534 (type
of /. callida, NY).
The types of these two species came from the same locality on
the north coast of Honduras and were collected on the same day.
I suspect that both are the same species but the type of /. wilsonii
no longer has flowers. The species occurs as well in the adjacent
coastal plain in Guatemala and a specimen collected by Fredrichsthal
from an unspecified place in Guatemala is the same. A photograph
of the type is available from Field Museum.
The specimens from British Honduras are quite densely pubes-
cent (and with either sagittate or ovate leaves). Otherwise they
seem to be very similar to the glabrous type.
Ipomoea capillacea (HBK.) G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4: 267. 1838.
Ipomoea muricata Cav. Icon. 5: 52, t. 4-78, fig. 2. 1799, non Jacq. 1798.
Convolvulus capillaceus HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. PL 3: 97. Feb. 1819.
Ipomoea armata Roem. & Schult. Syst. 4: 214. Spring 1819. Ipo-
moea muricatisepala Matuda, An. Inst. Biol. Mex. 34: 124. 1964,
nom. illeg.
This species, which occurs from the southwestern United States
through Mexico and Central America to Panama and northwestern
South America, has usually gone under the name of Ipomoea muri-
cata. The oldest name for the plant after that of Cavanilles is Con-
volvulus capillaceus, a name which antedates /. armata by a few
months.
A photograph of Humboldt 2066 presumed to have been the type
of Convolvulus capillaceus is available (F 13799).
Ipomoea contrerasii L. Wms. sp. nov.
Herbae volubiles, caules petioli et pedunculi hirsuti; folia late ovato cordata,
breviter acuminata, glabra, submembranacea, petioli graciles, hirsuti; inflorescen-
tiae axillares, uniflorae, pedunculi 4-5 cm. longi, hirsuti; pedicelli tumidi aut in-
flati, glabri; sepala chartacea margine membranaceo, aequales, anguste oblongo-
lanceolata, acuta: corolla azurea, campanulata, glabra, pergrandis; capsula ignota.
Twining herbaceous vines, the slender stems, the petioles and the peduncles
with long spreading hirsute pubescence, the hairs mostly 4-5 mm. long. Leaves
broadly ovate cordate, short acuminate, with 6-8 pairs of lateral nerves, the
blade 8-12 cm. long and 7.5-10 cm. broad, glabrous, submembranaceous, cor-
date base very open, the petioles slender, hirsute, 9-11 cm. long; inflorescence
axillary, 1-flowered, the peduncles 4-5 cm. long, hirsute, pedicels 3-4.5 cm. long,
swollen upward (inflated ?), glabrous, 4-5 mm. in diameter at the apex; sepals
chartaceous, the margins thin and membranaceous, about equal in length, narrowly
oblong-lanceolate, acute, 2.5-3 cm. long and 0.8-1 cm. broad; corolla blue, cam-
190 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 32
panulate, the limb rotate, 10-12 cm. long at anthesis, glabrous, stamens inserted
about 2.5 cm. above the base of the corolla, the filaments bearded at the base, the
anthers reaching to about the middle of the corolla (about 5 cm. from the base);
capsule unknown.
Guatemala: "quiebra cajete," vine, flowers blue, bordering Ar-
royo Paxcaman, Uaxactun, Pete*n, Dec. 20, 1963, Contreras 3640
(type, LL).
Related to 7. sessilis, described below and to 7. santae-rosae
Standl. & Steyerm. It is easily distinguished from these by the
large oblong-lanceolate sepals, very large flowers and leaves, and the
hirsute stems, petioles and peduncles.
I am pleased to name this attractive species for Mr. Contreras
whose excellent specimens have increased our knowledge of the flora
of Pete*n.
Ipomoea dutnosa (Benth.) L. Wms. comb. nov. Exogonium
dumosum Benth. PI. Hartw. 46. 1840.
Mexico: in thickets, San Cornelio, Hartweg s. n. (Kew negatives
10893-4); vine in woods, Manchon, Mina, Guerrero, alt. 1,200 m.,
Sept. 10, 1936, Hinton 91+79 (US); flowers red, vine in barranca,
Temascal tepee, Temascal tepee, Mexico, Oct. 10, 1937, Hinton 11207
(US).
I have not seen the type specimen (there are two sheets) but have
photographs of them which Dr. Taylor at Kew has been kind enough
to send. The Hinton specimens match almost exactly the photo-
graphs of the type and Bentham's description, except that one speci-
men is almost completely glabrous while the other (9479) is more
pubescent than specified, variations commonly found in Ipomoea.
The species is closely allied to /. purga, as Bentham has pointed out,
but is a species of the highlands with smaller flowers and other minor
details to distinguish it.
Ipomoea flavida L. Wms. sp. nov.
Herbae graciles volubiles, caules puberulentes, usque ad 2 mm. diametralis.
Folia ovata, base leviter cordata, apice acuminata, glabra vel veniis puberulentes,
petioli graciles, puberulentes; inflorescentia brevis, axillaris, corymbiformis, vulgo
5-7-flora, pedunculi 0.2-2 cm. longi, pedicelli graciles; calyx ca. 12 mm. longus,
lobi elliptico-oblongi, obtusi, coriacei, subaequales; corolla anguste infundibuli-
formis, sulphurea, glabra, ca. 4-5 cm. longa; capsulae et semina ignotae.
Slender herbaceous vines with minutely puberulent stems to about 2 mm. in
diameter. Leaves ovate, the base shallowly cordate, apex acuminate, glabrous
or puberulent along or on the veins, principal lateral veins mostly 5 alternate pairs,
WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, XI 191
blade 3.5-11 cm. long and 2-7.5 cm. broad, petioles slender, puberulent, 2-6 cm.
long; inflorescence axillary, corymbiform, mostly 5-7-flowered, shorter or subequal
to the subtending leaves, peduncles 0.2-2 cm. long; the pedicels slender, at an thesis
about 2-2.5 cm. long; calyx about 12 mm. long, the lobes elliptic-oblong, obtuse,
coriaceous, subequal, and 3-4 mm. broad, the outer dorsally puberulent or pilosu-
lose, the inner glabrous or nearly so; corolla narrowly infundibuliform, bright sul-
phur yellow, glabrous except tip of lobes, about 4.5 cm. long and 1.5 cm. broad,
contracted to a short narrow tube at the calyx, anther reaching to about the middle
of corolla, about 5 mm. long, the style reaching middle of the corolla; capsule and
seeds unknown.
Guatemala: "Bl. hell schwefelgelb," Panzal, Baja Verapaz, alt.
1,000 m., October, 1912, von Turckheim 3930 (type, US).
The type specimen was originally in John Donnell Smith's her-
barium but was not determined by him, nor had anyone else named
the plant.
The species belongs somewhat near to Ipomoea aurantiaca de-
scribed above. The two species, so far as I know, are the only large
flowered species with orange or yellow flowers to be found in southern
Mexico and Central America. Ipomoea flavida is easily distinguished
from I. aurantiaca by the subequal calyx lobes and the several-
flowered inflorescence.
The locality on the label "Panzal" should read Pansal, a small
village about 11 km. from Purulha, Baja Verapaz.
Ipomoea indica var. variabilis (Schlecht. & Cham.) L. Wms.
comb. nov. Convolvulus variabilis Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 116.
1830. Ipomoea variabilis Choisy in DC. Prodr. 9: 383. 1845. Ipo-
moea mitchellae Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 39. 1930.
Known to occur in Mexico — from whence the type, Guatemala
and Honduras. The variation is an unimportant one differing from
var. indica, which is widespread, in having more prominent setose
or subsetose hairs at the base of the calyx lobes. Three collections
are known from Guatemala, as follows:
Guatemala: corolla rose-purple, moist thickets near Escuintla,
Dept. Escuintla, alt. 135-300 m., Jan. 31, 1939, Standley 63956;
herbaceous vine, common in damp thickets, road between Masagua
and San Jose", Dept. Escuintla, alt. 75 m. or less, January 30, 1939,
Standley 64.108; vine, forested flats between Ocos and Ayutla, alt.
5-20 m., March 15, 1940, Steyermark 37907, in part.
Ipomoea microsticta Hallier f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. ser. 1, 7: 411.
1899. Ipomoea glabriuscula House, Bot. Gaz. 43: 409. 1907.
192 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 32
Both of these names so far as I know were limited to Guatemalan
material and both of them were obscure- — or at least misunderstood.
Hallier's type of L. microsticta was probably burned at Berlin. There
may be other specimens of Seler & Seler 21+27 in existence in which
case the specimen could be designated lectotype.
The type of Ipomoea glabriuscula House is in Washington and is
a rather poor specimen not very well described by House.
Hallier's description is detailed and leaves little doubt that the
specimens cited below are the plant which he had. I know of no
other species in Guatemala that has abundant black "glandular"
dots, visible under the lens, on the lower surface of the leaf.
Guatemala: Hayes s. n.; Heyde s. n. (type, US); Seler & Seler
2427 (not seen) ; Johnston 1035; Standley 58100, 58159, 62243, 75177,
75886, 76010, 77744, 78905.
All except the first three of these specimens are in Field Museum.
All of ours collected by Johnston and by Standley had been anno-
tated as /. phillomega (Veil.) House by Standley and are one of three
components that Standley had included in that species in the pre-
liminary manuscript of the "Flora of Guatemala." I have seen and
annotated specimens from Mexico, British Honduras, and Costa
Rica, in addition to those from Guatemala.
Ipomoea pauciflora Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 12, 2: 266.
1845; Walp. Rep. 6: 532. 1847. Ipomoea wokottiana Rose, Gard.
& For. 7: 367, /. 39. 1894; House, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 18: 191. 1908.
Ipomoea populina House, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 18: 226. 1908.
To the best of my knowledge, this most attractive white-flowered
woody vine is distributed sparsely from Mexico to Guatemala, is
exceedingly abundant in certain very dry areas of central Honduras,
and extends into Nicaragua where it is uncommon. In Honduras
it is in flower at the end of the rainy season well into the dry season,
end of November into February.
House, in his "The North American Species of the Genus Ipo-
moea" (Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 16: 181-263. 1908), accounted for this
species in two places as indicated in the synonymy above, but the
older name of Martens and Galeotti is under "Species Inquirendae"
and consequently not known to House. Most specimens will be
found in the herbaria under Ipomoea populina. There is available
in Field Museum a photograph (F27026) of the type at Geneva, and
a fragment from the type specimen which is Galeotti 1403.
WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, XI 193
Ipomoea perplexa L. Wms. sp. nov.
Herbae graciles volubiles glabrae. Folia anguste vel late ovata, cordata, acuta
vel acuminata, Integra, dentata vel trilobata, petioli laminibus aequalibus; inflores-
eentiae axillares, pauci-pluriflores, corymbiformes; calyx coriaceus, glabrus, lobi
subaequales, oblongi, oblongo-obovati vel obovati, obtusi vel truncati, marginibus
leviter chartacei; corolla rosea vel purpurea, parva, anguste infundibuliformis, fila-
menta basi barbata; stigma globosa vel biglobosa; capsulae subglobosae glabrae;
semina negra aut fusca, glabra.
Slender twining herbaceous vines, stems about 1 mm. or less in diameter, gla-
brous. Leaves glabrous, small, narrowly ovate to broadly ovate in outline, cordate,
acute or acuminate, blade entire, dentate to trilobulate, 1.5-6 cm. long and 0.6-
4.5 cm. broad, petioles short to about as long as the blade; inflorescence an axillary
few-several-flowered corymb, peduncles about as thick as the stem, 1.5-6 cm. long,
pedicels relatively stout, less than 1 cm. long; calyx coriaceous, glabrous, the lobes
subequal, about 4 mm. long, the outer ones usually somewhat shorter, oblong to
oblong-obovate or obovate, obtuse or truncate, the margins somewhat chartaceous,
usually with a minute inframarginal apicule at the center; corolla small, pink or
purple, narrowly funnelform, glabrous outside, 14-18 mm. long, stamens inserted
near the base of the corolla, unequal, reaching to about the middle, anthers 1-
1.2 mm. long, filaments bearded at the base, stigma globose (or biglobose), large,
about 0.8 mm. broad; capsule glabrous, subglobose, about 4-5 mm. long; seeds
brown or black, glabrous, smooth.
Guatemala: vine, flowers lilac, on Rio Mopan trail east of village,
Dolores, Pete"n, May 12, 1961, Contreras 2282 (LL); vine, flowers
lilac, in forest west of km. 145 of road, La Cumbre, Pete"n, March 3,
1967, Contreras 66^8 (LL).
British Honduras: flowers purple, Yaloch to El Cayo, May 3,
1931, Bartlett 12868 (MICH, type; F) ; Middle Camp, Edwards Road
beyond Columbia, Toledo District, Feb. 19, 1948, Gentle 6^18 (LL);
Hutes Creek, Edwards Road beyond Columbia, Toledo District,
Feb. 12, 1951, Gentle 7200 (LL) ; Cohune ridge near St. Margaret
Creek, Humming Bird Highway, El Cayo District, May 25, 1955,
Gentle 8725 (LL); 40-Mile section, Humming Bird Highway. El
Cayo District, July 15, 1955, Gentle 8797 (LL); 47-Mile section,
Humming Bird Highway, El Cayo District, Sept. 6, 1955, Gentle
8862 (LL) ; Cave Branch section, Humming Bird Highway, El Cayo
District, Feb. 18, 1956, Gentle 9025 (LL).
Honduras: near Pi to Solo, Lake Yojoa, Dept. Comayagua, alt.
630 m., April 15, 1951, Williams & Molina 18042 (F; EAP).
This small-flowered species belongs in the Section Batatas, sub-
section Microsepalae of House's treatment of Ipomoea (Ann. N. Y.
Acad. Sci. 18: 181-263. 1908). That subsectional division is quite
artificial, however, and the relationship seems to be with I. triloba L.
194 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 32
It is distinguished by the obtuse and small glabrous sepals and the
very small flowers. The group to which the species belongs is a com-
plicated one but I do not believe this belongs in the rather broad
concept of /. triloba. Monographic study of this genus is much to
be desired.
Ipomoea phillomega (Veil.) House, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 18:
246. 1908. Convolvulus phillomega Veil. 74 (text). 1825. Convolvulus
phillomega Veil. Icones 2: t. 63. 1827.
The text and plate cited are not adequate to determine an Ipo-
moea with any certainty. Dr. O'Donell has determined some of our
material from Mexico and Panama as this species, which, in fact, re-
sembles the illustration of Vellozo. The material from Guatemala,
all determined by Standley, is, I think, another species, I. microsticta
Hallier f .
Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth, Bot. Abh. 27. 1787. Convolvulus
purpureus L. Sp. PI. ed. 2, 219. 1762. Pharbitis diversifolia Lindl.
Bot. Reg. 23: t. 1988. 1837. Ipomoea purpurea var. diversifolia
O'Donell, Lilloa 26: 385, fig. 1953.
A common and often weedy species of Ipomoea, a pest in corn and
potato fields in the United States but not known to be a nuisance in
Guatemala. The leaves of this species are either cordate and entire
or 3-5-lobate. Dr. O'Donell has separated the form with lobate
leaves as variety diversifolia. This seems hardly justified since entire
or lobate leaves are to be found on the same stem. Lindley com-
ments that the garden plant which he had produced "at the later part
of the year 3-lobed leaves, instead of entire ones, so that specimens
collected at different seasons would be thought essentially different."
Ipomoea sepacuitensis Donn.-Sm. Bot. Gaz. 56: 59. 1913.
This rather large and coarse Ipomoea is known only from Alta
Verapaz and British Honduras at rather low elevations, 200-500
meters. Standley has annotated the type as Ipomoea setosa Ker and
two collections by Steyermark (44999 and 45121) as two different
species of Calonyction; a fourth specimen, Schipp 87 1>, from British
Honduras has been named as /. setosa "var." campanulata (Hallier f.)
House. There seems to be no question that it is a valid species. A
Quecchi name, Ixcajen, is reported for the type.
Calonyction campanulatum Hallier f. Bull. Herb. Boiss. ser. 1, 5:
1050, t. 18, f. 2. 1897, may possibly belong here but, in any case, it
WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, XI 195
will not replace Ipomoea sepacuitensis because of the older Ipomoea
campanulata L.
Ipomoea sessilis L. Wms. sp. nov.
Herbae volubiles pergraciles, caules glabri usque ad 1 mm. diametrales. Folia
late ovato-cordata, breviter acuminata, utrinque sparse setosa et ciliata, laminae
2-4 cm. longae et plusminusve 2-4 cm. latae; petioli graciles, sparse setosi, quam
laminae breviores, 1.5-3 cm. longi; inflorescentiae uniflorae ex axillis foliorum ortae,
pedunculus nullus vel subnullus, pedicellus carnosus, obscure aculeolatus et por-
catus, plusminusve 0.8 cm. longus; sepala chartacea vel leviter carnosa, ad basin
verrucoso-porcata, anguste lanceolata, acuminata et subaristata, 1.5-2 cm. longa,
interiores quam exteriores leviter longiores; corolla rosea sed basem albida, anguste
companulata, plusminusve 5-6 cm. longa, extus glabra; capsula ignota.
Delicate twining herb with glabrous stems up to 1 mm. in diameter. Leaves
broadly ovate-cordate, shortly acuminate, sparsely setose pubescent on both sur-
faces and ciliate, the blades 2-4 cm. long and about as broad, the petioles slender,
sparsely setose, shorter than the blade, 1.5-3 cm. long; inflorescences of a single
flower borne in the axil of leaves, peduncle none or very short, the pedicel fleshy,
obscurely aculeolate and ridged (at least in dry material), up to about 0.8 cm. long;
sepals chartaceous to somewhat carnose, verrucose ridged at the base, narrowly
lanceolate, acuminate and subaristate, 1.5-2 cm. long, the outer two slightly longer
than the inner three; corolla rose-pink with white at base and in middle of the lobes,
narrowly campanulate, about 5-6 cm. long, glabrous outside; capsule unknown.
Guatemala: between Nenton and Miramar, Sierra de los Cuchu-
matanes, Huehuetenango, alt. 500-800 m., August 29, 1942, Steyer-
mark 51566 (F, type).
Perhaps most closely related to /. santae-rosae Standl. & Steyerm.
and originally so determined by Standley. It is easily distinguished
from that species which has very different sepals, pedunculate in-
florescences— often two or more flowered, and with longer pedicels.
Ipomoea steerei (Standl.) L. Wms. comb. nov.
Exogonium steerei Standl. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 461: 83.
1935.
Mexico: Steer e 1545, 1599 (F).
Guatemala: all Department of Pete"n, Contreras 1313, 1374, 1440
(all LL); Lundell 15903, 16216, 16492 (all LL); Tun 219 (F).
This is the first report of this species in Guatemala. It must be
fairly abundant in the vicinity of Tikal. The species is not closely
related to any species known to me, although the leaf structure and
the abundant crinkled wool-like hair on the seeds recall Ipomoea
bombycina (Presl.) Benth. & Hook. The plant is better treated as
an Ipomoea rather than placed in the closely allied genus Exogonium.
196 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 32
Ipomoea teruae Molina & Williams sp. nov.
Herbae grandes volubiles, caules usque ad 4 mm. diametrales vel ultrae. Folia
suborbiculari-ovata, basi cordata, apice acuta vel acuminata, subtus dense sericeo-
pubescentes, super glabra; petioli gracilis, pilosi; inflorescentiae pauciflorae, pedun-
culi crassi, pilosi; calyx usque ad 1 cm. longus, coriaceus, lobi late ovati aut sub-
orbiculares, subaequales, cochleati; corolla campanulata, lilacina, extus glabra;
capsula ignota.
Large twining herbaceous vines, the puberulent stems to 4 mm. or more in
diameter. Leaves suborbicular-ovate, cordate, the apex acute or short acuminate,
the blade 4-7 cm. long and as broad, densely sericeous pubescent below, glabrous
or nearly so above, petioles pubescent, 1.5-4 cm. long; inflorescence about as long
as or longer than the subtending leaves, dichasioid, few-flowered, peduncle stout,
5-8 cm. long, pilose, pedicels 1.5-2 cm. long, stout, puberulent; calyx glabrous,
about 1 cm. long, the lobes broadly ovate or suborbicular, apex obtuse or rounded,
the outer ones only slightly shorter, cochleate, the margins chartaceous; corolla
lilac, campanulate, glabrous outside, 4-5 cm. long, the stamens reaching to about
the middle; capsule and seeds unknown.
Guatemala: flowers lilac, vine climbing over tree, mixed moun-
tain forest, mountain slopes above Lake Atitlan, about 3-5 km. west
of Panajachel, Solola, alt. 2,100 m., December 6-7, 1963, Williams,
Molina & Williams 25331 (type, F; EAP).
This species is distinguished from the many in Guatemala, Mex-
ico, and Central America by the combination of very broad leaves,
sericeous below, and the relatively large, broad, cucullate calyx lobes.
It is an attractive species, as are most Ipomoeas, which we are pleased
to name for our field companion of many years. The high elevation
at which the species is found is unusual.
Ipomoea tyrianthina Lindl. Bot. Reg. 24: Misc. 87. 1838.
Pharbitis tyrianthina Hook. Bot. Mag. 49: t. 4024. 1843. Pharbitis
longipedunculata Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 12, 2: 271. 1845.
Ipomaea longipedunculata Hemsl. Biol. Cent. Am. Bot. 2: 389. 1882.
Convolvulus superbus HBK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 103. 1819. Ipomoea
superba G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4: 275. 1838, not of others.
The plants which shall appear under this name in a forthcoming
part of the "Flora of Guatemala" are among the most attractive of
those to be found in Central America. A method of constantly dis-
tinguishing the species from Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth is not
FIG. 2. Ipomoea steer ei. A, habit of plant, X 1A\ B, corolla dissected to show
anthers, X 1; C, ovary showing disc below and constriction at base of style, X 5;
D, calyx and pistil, X 1; E, seed with dense coma, X \1A; F, mature capsule,
X \Vi\ G, under surface of leaf enlarged to show dense sericeous pubescence.
197
198 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 32
known to me. It is possible that monographic studies may indicate
that the names given above should be added to the already formid-
able list of synonyms of /. purpurea.
The range is Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras.
Ipomoea umbra ticola House, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 18: 259.
1908.
This species was described by House from Tonduz 13677, a speci-
men from Nicoya Peninsula of Costa Rica, is also to be found in El
Salvador (Calderon 1321 (US), 2587 (F); Standley 192^7 (US), and
may be expected along the dry Pacific coast of Honduras and per-
haps onward into Guatemala. The species is a coarse one with very
large leaves, paleaceous coriaceous sepals about 5 mm. long, and fun-
nelform purple corollas 3.5-4 cm. long.
HAMAMELIDACEAE
Molinadendron Endress, Bot. Jahrb. 89: 355. 1969.
Dr. Peter Endress, of the Botanical Museum at the University
of Zurich was in Guatemala with us early in 1969. He had come to
the region especially to find the three species of trees that had been
placed in the genus Distylium of the Hamamelidaceae — one from
Guatemala, one from Honduras, and one from Mexico. He was
fortunate in finding material of all three species to be used for ana-
tomical and morphological studies.
In his discussion of the new genus, which he dedicates to Antonio
Molina R.,1 Dr. Endress says that Molinadendron differs from Dis-
tylium of Old World distribution in having spicate inflorescences
without terminal flowers (not paniculate and with terminal flowers) ;
in having persistent (not deciduous) floral bracts; in having a true
calyx (not a pseudocalyx) ; in the bivalvate anther dehiscence (not
simple longitudinal splitting) ; and in having a subinferior ovary (not
superior) .
The three American species that have been ascribed to Distylium
are transferred to Molinadendron, M. guatemalense (Radlk. ex Harms)
Endress; M. hondurense (Standl.) Endress; and the Mexican M. sina-
loense (Standl. & Gentry) Endress. We are distributing to several
herbaria flowering material of M. guatemalense collected near Cobdn,
Alta Verapaz in January, 1969.
1 "Dedicatum Antonio Molinae, botanico hondurensi, peritissimo florae cen-
trali-americanae."
WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, XI 199
MELASTOMACEAE
Topobea pittieri Cogn. in DC. Monog. Phan. 7: 1088. 1891.
Costa Rica: probable large epiphytic shrub near top of dead tree
which had fallen, flowers white, few open, fruit dark rose, the small
structures underneath the base of each leaf blade are hollow but con-
tain no insects, primary forest, 8 km. S.E. of Tapanti, prov. Cartago,
alt. 1,500 m., June 18, 1967, Lent 1048.
MENISPERMACEAE
Disciphania calocarpa Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 305. 1929.
Mexico: vine, tall evergreen forest, in steep canyon at west end
of Laguna Ocotal Grande, municipio of Ocosingo, Chiapas, alt. 1,000
m., April 14, 1967, Breedlove 15671 (DS, F).
The species is new to Mexico. We have specimens from Guate-
mala, British Honduras, Honduras, and Costa Rica. The species is
to be expected in Nicaragua.
ORCHIDACEAE
Lepanthopsis floripecten (Reichb. f.) Ames, Bot. Mus. Leafl,
Harv. Univ. 1, No. 9: 11, t. 1933.
Pleurothallis floripecten Reichb. f. in Bonpl. 2: 25. 1854.
Guatemala: Finca Santa Maria, Sacate"pequez, Hand 001 (F).
Previously known to me by specimens from Honduras and Co-
lombia. It has been reported to me in letters by Ruth Oberg from
Mexico; by Alfonso Heller from Nicaragua; and by Charles Lankester
from Costa Rica. The plant is an inconspicuous one in the field and
easily overlooked.
Palmorchis silvicola L. Wms. sp. nov.
Herbae terrestres graciles glabrae usque ad 3 dm. altae. Folia elliptica, acuta
vel acuminata; inflorescentia terminalis spica pauciflora, bracteae lanceolatae acu-
minatae cucullatae; sepalum dorsale lineari-oblanceolatum cucullatum; sepala
lateralia oblanceolata, obtusa leviter arcuata; petala lineari-lanceolata acute ar-
cuata; labellum unguiculatum apice transverse subrhombicum et trilobatum, un-
guis gracilis ciliolata, lamina transverse subrhombica, lobi laterales ampli et
rotundati, labus medius parvus; columna gracilis apice geniculata superficies in-
terior pubescens.
200 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 32
Small, slender, glabrous, terrestrial, probably caespitose, herbs about 3 dm.
tall. Stems slender, covered with sheathing leaf bases but becoming naked, inter-
nodes 2-3 cm. long; leaves elliptic, acute or acuminate, attenuated into a slender
sheathing petiole at the base, the blade 10-15 cm. long and 3.5-5 cm. broad, pro-
vided with 7 principal nerves, the petiole about 5 cm. long with the base sheathing
the stem; inflorescence a terminal few-flowered spike about 7 cm. long, the slender
peduncle with 1-3 bracts about 1 cm. long, the bracts subtending flowers, lanceo-
late, acuminate, cucullate, up to about 7 mm. long; flowers creamy white, small,
maturing one at a time; dorsal sepal linear-oblanceolate, cucullate, 5-nerved, about
10 mm. long and 2.5 mm. broad; lateral sepals oblanceolate, obtuse, slightly arcu-
ate, 5-nerved, about 9 mm. long and 2.5 mm. broad; petals linear-lanceolate, acute,
arcuate, 3-nerved, about 8 mm. long and 2 mm. broad; lip unguiculate, the apical
part transversely subrhombic and trilobulate, about 8 mm. long and 5 mm. broad
near the apex, claw slender, ciliate with brown hairs along the margin, adnate to
the column, lamina of lip transversely subrhombic, the lateral lobes large and
rounded, the mid-lobe small and extending back onto the lamina as a thin callus;
column slender, geniculate at the apex, the inner face sparsely pubescent with seg-
mented hairs; stigma with a raised margin.
Costa Rica: terrestrial, flowers creamy white, deep forest near
airport area, 7 km. west of Rinc6n de Osa, Osa Peninsula, province
of Puntarenas, alt. 30 m., August 10, 1967, Raven 21694 (type, F).
Schweinfurth and Correll published a review of the genus (Bot.
Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 8: 109-119, t. 1940) in which the six species
known were reviewed. I added a seventh species in 1941 (P. trilo-
bulata L. Wms., Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 28: 415, t. 20) and have quite
a distinctive one now from Costa Rica, increasing the species in the
genus to eight.
The unusual small central lobe of the lip which is the continua-
tion of a lamillate disk, the shape of the lip, and the pubescence on
the lower side of the column and on lower margins of lip are dis-
tinctive.
Pogonia ravenii L. Wms. sp. nov.
Herbae parvae epiphyticae vel muscicola. Folia elliptico-ovata vel ovata,
acuta, sessiles, purpurea; inflorescentia 1-3-flora; sepalum dorsale anguste oblan-
ceolatum leviter cucullatum; sepala lateralia lineari-lanceolata, acuta, leviter ar-
cuata, obscure trinervia; labellum manifeste trilobatum, basi attenuatum, lobus
intermedius ovalis vel subrhombicus, lobi laterales falcati, acuti; columna generis.
Small epiphytic or moss-loving herbs from a small corm, 3-7 cm. tall. Stem
slender, erect, 0.5-1 mm. in diameter, internodes 3-5 mm. long; leaves purple,
elliptic-ovate to ovate, acute, sessile, the base partially surrounding the stem,
about 5-10 mm. long and 2-6 mm. broad, the lower ones much smaller, with two
extra-axillary processes on stem at base of leaf; inflorescence 1-3 flowers, the flowers
in the axil of terminal leaves; flowers erect, purple; dorsal sepal narrowly oblanceo-
late, somewhat cucullate at the apex, about 11 mm. long and 2 mm. broad; lateral
FIG. 3. Palmorchissilvicola. A, habit, X \ -2', B, flower partially opened, X 5;
C, lip of flower, X 6.
201
202 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 32
sepals linear oblanceolate, acute, slightly arcuate, about 11 mm. long and 2 mm.
broad, obscurely 3-nerved; lip prominently 3-lobed, ovate-oblanceolate, attenuate
to a long slender base, about 11 mm. long and 5 mm. broad, mid-lobe oval or sub-
rhombic, with 3 carinate nerves, about 4 mm. long and 3 mm. broad, the lateral
lobes about 4 mm. long and 0.5 mm. broad, falcate, acute; column about as long
as the lip, slender.
Costa Rica: leaves and flowers purple, cloud forest above Wilson's
finca, 6 km. south of San Vito de Java, province of Puntarenas, alt.
±1,500 m., August 17, 1967, Raven 21837 (type F; DS).
There have been credited to Central America and Panama five or
six species of Pogonia subgenus Triphora. l That added here was dis-
covered by Dr. Raven, for whom it was named, near the Costa Rican-
Panamanian frontier. It is distinguished from the species previously
described in having the apical third of the lip divided into three prom-
inent lobes with the lateral lobes long and narrow and falcate around
the mid-lobe. Mosses and liverworts remaining on the specimens
indicate that it was probably epiphytic in a mossy forest.
Telipogon monticola L. Wms. sp. nov.
Herbae epiphyticae vel muscicola usque ad 40 cm. longae, repentes vel erectae.
Folia oblongo-lanceolata vel oblongo-elliptica, apiculata, acuta; inflorescentia axil-
laris, subterminalis, gracilis, laxe 1-5-flora (vel pluriflora?); floribus in genere inter
mediis; sepala lanceolata vel anguste ovato-lanceolata, acuminata, uninervia;
petala late ovata, acuminata, base papillata et sparse sericea, 7-9-nervia; labellum
subreniformi-orbiculare, breviter acuminatum, 15-17-nervium, basi callo pubes-
cens ornatum; columna brevis, manifeste pubescens.
Small epiphytic or moss-inhabiting plants to about 30-40 cm. long. The stems
leafy, trailing or repent but the apices upright, slender, covered with the persisting
leaf-bases, about 1 mm. in diameter, the nodes mostly about 1 cm. long; leaves
oblong-lanceolate or oblong- elliptic, fleshy, apiculate, acute, distichous, the bases
sheathing the stem, 2.5-4 cm. long and 0.7-1.5 cm. broad; inflorescence axillary,
subterminal, slender, laxly 1-5-flowered toward the apex, up to 30 cm. long, bracts
subtending flowers ovate, acuminate, cucullate, about 3 mm. long; pedicels slender,
to 2 cm. long; flowers medium sized for genus; sepals lanceolate to narrowly ovate
lanceolate, acuminate, 1-nerved, 10-12 mm. long and 4-5 mm. broad; petals
broadly ovate, acuminate or acute, papillate at the base inside and with a few
silky hairs, 7-9-nerved, 13-14 mm. long and 10-11 mm. broad; lip subreniform-
orbicular, short acuminate, about 15-17-nerved, about 13 mm. long and about
15 mm. broad, provided at the base with an elevated callus about 5 mm. long and
2 mm. high, free at the apex, the back and sides with silky hairs, the apex muricate-
papillate, column short, covered dorsally with spine-like hairs 1-2 mm. long, the
anther with spine-like hairs dorsally, rostellum about 3 mm. long, stipe with circu-
lar gland reaching to stigma, stigma bare and ball-like, column below the stigma
muricate-papillate; ovary long stipitate; fruit unknown.
1 Pogonia subg. Triphora (Nutt.) stat. nov., Triphora Nutt. Gen. N. Am.
PL 2: 192. 1818.
FIG. 4. Telipogon monticola. A, habit, X y2; B, flower partly dissected, X 3.
203
204 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 32
Costa Rica: Sphagnum -Lomaria association, Xyris, Puya, Carex,
Geranium, Nertera, low boggy depression with some standing water.
Cerro de La Muerte, 73 km. from San Jose" on Panamerican highway,
alt. 2,275 m., July 22, 1966, Roger Anderson & Scott Mori 232 (F;
WIS) ; epiphyte in small tree on a slope in shade; perianth deep yel-
low, sepals with purple cross-bands, petals purplish near base within,
column, etc. dark purple, near Villa Mills at km. 97 (5 km. S.E. of
Summit) along Interamerican Highway, Cordillera de Talamanca,
in forest of small oak trees (15 m.) and smaller trees and shrubs, lat.
9° 33' N., long. 83° 44' W., alt. 3,100 m., Prov. Cartago, June 19,
1968, Burger & Stolze 5993 (type, F; US).
This species is not closely allied to the several species of Telipogon
known from Central America and Panama. It is easily distinguished
from these by the elongated stems as well as detail of the flowers.
It is closely allied to the Colombian T. angustifolius HBK. (Nov.
Gen. & Sp. PI. 1 : 336, t . 75. 1815) in structure of leaves and stem and
in having an elongated inflorescence from a leaf axil, the stem soon
growing beyond the initial for the inflorescence. Telipogon angusti-
folius lacks the prominent pubescent lip callus of T. monticola and
has flowers considerably larger.
STERCULIACEAE
Ayenia micrantha Standl. Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 14: 239.
1924; Crist6bal, Opera Lilloana 4: 68, t. 20. 1960.
Mexico: Municipio of Venustiano Carranza, La Trinitaria, Tuxtla
Gutierrez, alt. 2,500-4,200 feet, July-Oct., 1965, Breedlove 11361,
1321*8, 13881*.
The species is new to Mexico. Miss Crist6bal in her monograph
cited many specimens from Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras.
Ayenia simulatrix Crist6bal, from the Zamorano Valley in Hondu-
ras, probably is not distinct from A. micrantha Standl.
SYMPLOCACEAE
Symplocos excelsa L. Wms. sp. nov.
Arbores excelsae usque ad 20 m. vel ultrae. Folia late elliptica aut late oblan-
ceolato-elliptica, acuminata, base cuneata vel acuta, denticulata, subtus sparse
hispidula, petioli per breves; inflorescentia pauci-pluriflorae, fasciculae axillares
per breves; calyx strigillosum, lobi suborbiculares, obtusi, marginibus glandulosi;
corolla parva, lobi oblongi aut oblongo-oblanceolati, apicibus rotundati; stamina
multa; fructus ignoti.
WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, XI 205
Large trees to 20 m. tall or perhaps more, the branchlets grayish, smooth his-
pidulous with short simple or brachiate hairs, becoming glabrous. Leaves broadly
elliptic to broadly oblanceolate-elliptic, acuminate, cuneate or acute to the base
closely denticulate, with 5-7 pairs of lateral nerves, glabrous above except at the
base, sparsely hispidulous below with simple or crisped hairs, the blade bicolored
darkest above, 12-16 cm. long and 3.5-6.5 cm. broad, petioles short, mostly 5-
7 mm. long, hispidulous; inflorescence a few-several-flowered axillary fascicle often
subcapitate and less than 1.5 cm. long, densely appressed strigillose, pedicels very
short or essentially lacking; calyx densely appressed strigillose, with included ovary
about 5 mm. long and as broad at anthesis, lobes 5, the outer two about 3 mm long
and as broad, suborbicular, obtuse, the margin with dark yellow glands the inner
lobes slightly smaller and often without glands; corolla small, sympetalous but
lobed to near the base, 8-10 mm. long, the lobes 5, 2-3 mm. broad, oblong or ob-
long-oblanceolate, apex rounded, glabrous or with a few hairs toward the apex-
stamens many, their filaments connate and forming a short corona, adnate below
the middle of the corolla; style about as long as the corolla, the stigma subcapitate-
fruits unknown.
Mexico: flowers pink, tree 50 feet tall, slopes with Pinus and
Liqmdambar at Lago de Monte Bello, 25 miles east of La Trinitaria,
Municipio of Trinitaria, Chiapas, alt. 5,200 feet, August 17, 1966'
Breedlove 15013 (type, F; DS).
The larger species of Symplocos are among the more attractive
trees of the tropical forest, due in part to the symmetrical form and
to the very dark green leaves, usually of a lighter green below. Trees
of Symplocos are usually an uncommon element of the forest.
Like Symplocos johnsonii Standl., the present species has the
largest leaves of the Mexican-Central American species and is
equally large in size. Symplocos excelsa is easily distinguished from
the others by the large acuminate leaves with short petioles and the
curious small glands on the sepals.
THEOPHRASTACEAE
Clavija septentrionalis L. Wms. sp. nov.
Arbor parva (indivisa?) usque ad 8 m. Folia oblanceolata acuminata usque
ad basim dentata glabra petiolis incrassatis; inflorescentia racemosa axillaris, flores
sessiles verticillati; calyx campanulatus lobis rotundatis obscure pilosis; corolla
campanulata intus pilosa, lobis late ovatis obscure ciliatis; staminibus corolla
aequahbus; staminodia brevia subglobosa; flores staminati vel polygamodioecii et
fructus ignoti.
Dioecious or perhaps polygamodioecious trees about 8 m. tall. Leaves tough,
papery, oblanceolate, acuminate, shallowly dentate almost to the base, with about
25 pairs of mostly alternating secondary nerves, with numerous tertiary nerves
connecting the secondaries, glabrous, blade 45-60 cm. long and 13-17 cm broad
the petioles thickened, terete, 5-7 cm. long and 0.4-0.5 cm. in diameter, apical
206 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 32
portion possibly serving as an articulation, shrunken in drying, with 1-several
small glands at juncture with the blade on upper side; inflorescences racemose,
axillary but originating well above the attachment of the petiole, about 20-30 cm.
long, puberulent; the cream colored staminate flowers borne in verticels of one or
few flowers, each sessile and subtended by small ovate or oval bracts, about 3-
5 mm. long; calyx campanulate, about 1.5 mm. long, obscurely pilose, lobes
rounded, about 0.5 mm. long; corolla campanulate, about 5 mm. long, with a
prominent ring of pilose pubescence at the middle within, the lobes broadly ovate,
obscurely ciliolate; stamens about as long as the corolla; staminodia short, sub-
globose, rather large; pistillate or perfect flowers unknown; fruits unknown.
Nicaragua: tree ca. 8 m., leaves tough-papery, flowers cream, in
low wet forest ca. Laimos Creek, ca. 15 km. S.W. of Waspam, depart-
ment of Cabo Gracias a Dios, alt. 50-100 feet, March 7, 1961, Bunting
6 Licht 390 (F, type; NY; US).
The genus Clavija has its center of distribution in South America,
with eight species in North America- — two of these in the Caribbean
and the remainder in Panama, Costa Rica, and now Nicaragua. Only
one species is recognized as occurring in both North and South Amer-
ica, C. lehmannii Mez.
This species seems most closely related to C. costaricana Pittier
and C. mezii Pittier (ex char.). It is easily distinguished superficially
from these and all others by the serrations of the leaves which extend
to or almost to the base of the blade. The strong thick petiole with
an articulation at its apex with the blade seems not to occur in any
other species available for study. The glands at the juncture of the
petiole on the blade are unusual. The sessile flowers also help to dis-
tinguish this species from the two allied species mentioned above.
Publications 1092, 1093, 1094 and 1095
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA