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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
L161— O-1096
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
A Continuation of the
BOTANICAL SERIES
of
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
VOLUME 31
The Library of the
JAN 1 8 1979
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
CHICAGO, U. S. A.
520.5
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
1. Two New Species of Palms from Nicaragua. By S. F. Glassman ... 1
2. Tropical American Plants, VI. By Louis 0. Williams 11
3. Agriculture, Tehuacan Valley. By C. Earle Smith, Jr 49
4. Flora, Tehuacan Valley. By C. Earle Smith, Jr 101
5. Preliminary Studies in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart, and Its Allies.
By S. F. Glassman 145
6. Tropical American Plants, VII. By Louis 0. Williams 165
7. Supplement to Orchids of Guatemala. By Donovan S. Correll .... 175
8. Preliminary Notes on Scrophulariaceae of Peru. By Gabriel Edwin . . 223
9. New Species in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. By S. F. Glassman . . 233
10. Tropical American Plants, VIII. By Louis O. Williams 247
11. Notes on the Flora of Costa Rica, I. By William C. Burger 273
12. A New Eurystyles from Nicaragua. By Alfonso H. Heller 279
13. New Species in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. By S. F. Glassman . . 285
14. A Revision of the Family Geastraceae. By Patricio Ponce de Leon . . 303
15. Studies in American Plants. By Dorothy N. Gibson 353
16. Two New Nicaraguan Juglandaceae. By Antonio Molino R 357
17. Studies in the Palm Genus Syagrus Mart. By S. F. Glassman .... 363
18. Tropical American Plants, IX. By Louis O. Williams 401
I
II
1-3.
TWO NEW SPECIES
OF PALMS FROM NICARAGUA
S. F. GLASSMAN
und
TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, VI
LOUIS 0. WILLIAMS
liMVEBOTIFJUMI
AUGli 196
LIBRARY
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
VOLUME 31, NUMBERS 1 AND 2
Published by
CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM
NOVEMBER 25, 1964
TWO NEW SPECIES
OF PALMS FROM NICARAGUA
S. F. CLASSMAN
Professor of Biology, University of Illinois and Research Associate
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
VOLUME 31, NUMBER 1
Published by
CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM
NOVEMBER 25, 1964
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 6^-66152
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PRESS
CONTENTS
PAGE
Euterpe williamsii 5
Geonoma molinae
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
TEXT FIGURES
1. Euterpe williamsii 6
2. Geonoma molinae . . 8
Two New Species of Palms from Nicaragua
During a recent trip to Nicaragua, Dr. Louis 0. Williams, Mr.
Antonio Molina R. and Mrs. Terua P. Williams collected several
numbers of palms. Among these are two new species which are de-
scribed below. Holotypes are deposited in Chicago Natural History
Museum (F) and isotypes are located in the Escuela Agricola Pan-
americana (EAP), Zamorano, Honduras. Illustrations included in
this article were made by Mr. Sam Grove and Mr. Robert J. Ander-
son, artists on the Museum staff, to whom the writer is most grateful.
Euterpe williamsii Classman, sp. nov. Figure 1.
Palma 2 m. alta; truncus solitarius, gracilis; folia ca. 1.73 m. longa; petiolus
71 cm. longus, supra anguste canaliculatus, carinatus in dorso, omnino pallide
fusco-leprosus; pinnae 16 in utroque rachidis latere, longo-lanceolatae, infimae an-
gustae, 27 cm. longae, 1.4 cm. latae, maximae 39 cm. longe, 3 cm. latae, summae
34 cm. longae, 5 cm. latae, utrinque subconcoloriae, apices longo-acuminati; spadix
78 cm. longus, pars ramosa 20 cm. longa; rami 6, 19 cm. longi; pedunculus et rachis
fusco-leprosus; spatha 79.5 cm. longa, 2.5 cm. lata; florum glomeruli permultum,
vix immersum; flores staminati 4-5 mm. longi, 2-2.5 mm. lati, filamenta apice
geniculata, supra teniora; flores pistillati 1.5-2 mm. longi, 1.5 mm. lati.
Palm 2 m. tall; trunk solitary, slender; leaves about 1.73 cm. long; petiole
71 cm. long, narrowly channeled above, keeled underneath, covered with patches
of pale brownish hairs; leaflets 16 on either side of the rachis, long-lanceolate,
lowermost narrow, 27 cm. long, 1.4 cm. wide, main ones 39 cm. long, 3 cm. wide,
uppermost leaflets 34 cm. long, 5 cm. wide, lighter green on lower surface, with
long acuminate tips; spadix 78 cm. long, branched part 20 cm. long, branches 6,
up to 19 cm. long, peduncle and rachis branches covered with patches of brownish
hairs; spathe 79.5 cm. long, 2.5 cm. wide; flower glomerules numerous, consisting
of two male and one female flowers, scarcely immersed in shallow cavities; male
flowers 4-5 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm. wide, petals more or less acuminate, apex of fila-
ments geniculate, attenuate; female flowers 1.5-2 m. long, 1.5 mm. wide.
NICARAGUA: Dept. Matagalpa, Cordillera Central de Nicaragua,
along road to La Fundadora, cloud forest area, 1300-1400 m., Feb. 23,
1963, 24922.
Another specimen (24-918) collected in the same locality and con-
sisting of a leaf and part of a fruiting branch, is apparently the same
species. The following description of the fruiting stage is added to
FIG. 1. Euterpe williamsii Glassman (A, B, E, F from Williams, Molina and
Williams 2^922; C, D from 2^918). A, Male flower; X25. B, Female flower; X25.
C, Mature fruit; Xo. D, Cross section of fruit and seed showing ruminate endo-
sperm; X5. E, Branched portion of flowering spadix; X2. F, Middle part of leaf
showing pinnae; Xl.
GLASSMAN: NEW PALMS FROM NICARAGUA 7
the new species: fruiting branches 5 (one broken off), 9-11 cm. long;
fruit dark brown, depressed globose, up to 10 mm. long and 11 mm.
in diameter, stigmatic scar lateral, exocarp thin, papery, mesocarp
fibrous, endocarp thin; seed white inside, depressed-globose, up to
6.5 mm. long and 7 mm. in diameter, endosperm ruminate.
Euterpe williamsii falls into the tribe Leiostachys Burret which
is characterized by scarcely immersed flowers and fruits, male flowers
with more or less acuminate petals and filaments with geniculate and
attenuate tips. It seems to be most closely related to E. brachyspatha
Burret from Costa Rica, especially in the short (less than 20 cm. long)
and relatively few spadix branches (about 6) , and approximately the
same number of pinnae (16-17) on each side of the rachis. E. wil-
liamsii differs from this taxon in having a spathe exceeding the spa-
dix rather than a spathe shorter than the spadix, larger fruits (10 mm.
by 11 mm. rather than 7 mm. x 8 mm.) and larger seeds (6.5 mm. by
7 mm. rather than 5 mm. by 6 mm.).
Geonoma molinae Glassman, sp. nov. Figure 2.
Palma 2 m. alta; folia ca. 1.29 m. longa, inaequaliter pinnata; petiolus 39 cm.
longus, supra anguste canaliculatus, carinatus in dorso; pinnae falcatae, apice an-
gusto-acuminati, segmentum apicale 38 cm. longum, 8 cm. latum, nervi primarii
12, segmentum medium 48 cm. longum, 11 cm. latum, infimum angustum, 25 cm.
longum, 2 cm. latum; spadix ca. 50 cm. longus, semel-ramosus, pars ramosa
22 cm. longa; rami 7, 19 cm. longi, 3-3.5 mm. in dia.; foveae spiraliter, in seriebus
5-7, ejusdem seriei sequentes inter partes aequales 9-16 mm. fere dissitae, bilabi-
atae, labio inferiore protracto; flores staminati 3 mm. longi; fructus globosus,
10 mm. longus, 9 mm. latus, apex apiculatus, glaber, papillatus; semen 6 mm.
longum, 6 mm. latum.
Palm 2 m. tall; leaves about 1.29 m. long, unequally pinnate; petiole 39 cm.
long, narrowly channeled above, keeled underneath; pinnae mostly glabrous, fal-
cate, with narrowly acuminate tips, terminal segments 38 cm. long, 8 cm. wide,
primary nerves 12, middle segments 48 cm. long, 11 cm. wide, lowermost segments
narrow, 25 cm. long, 2 cm. wide; spadix about 50 cm. long, once branched, branched
part 22 cm. long; branches 7, 19 cm. long, 3-3.5 mm. in dia.; pits arranged spirally
in 5-7 series, 9-16 mm. apart between pits in the same series, bilabiate, lower lip
protracted; staminate flowers 3 mm. long, fruit globose, 10 mm. x 9 mm., apex
apiculate, glabrous, strongly papillose; seed 6 mm. x 6 mm.
NICARAGUA: Dept. Matagalpa, Cordillera Central de Nicaragua,
Santa Maria de Ostuma, between Matagalpa and Jinotega, dense
forest, 1300-1500 m., Jan. 8, 1963, 23507.
Another specimen (24980), also collected in the Department of
Matagalpa, along road to Fundadora, apparently belongs here, too;
however, the lowermost spadix branch is twice branched and there
FIG. 2. Geonoma molinae Glassman (from 23507). A, Mature fruit; X5.
B, Branched portion of flowering spadix; X2. C, Upper part of leaf showing pin-
nae; XI.
are 8-9 primary branches rather than 7. Other minor differences
which may fall within the range of variability are: flowers 3.5 mm.
long and differences in the width of the various pinnae.
Geonoma molinae seems to be most closely related to G. poly-
neura Burret from Guatemala, especially in the length of the spadix
8
GLASSMAN: NEW PALMS FROM NICARAGUA 9
branches, the arrangement of the bilabiate pits and the size of the
flowers. It differs from G. polyneura in the fewer spadix branches
(7-9 rather than 10-13) which are once branched or only the lower-
most twice branched rather than twice branched throughout; the
wider spadix branches (3-3.5 mm. rather than 2-2.5 mm.) and the
glabrous rachis and primary nerves of the lower leaf surface rather
than floccose-ciliate rachis and nerves are other differences.
Publications 982 and 983
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA