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ILLINOIS LIBRARY

URBANA-CHAMPAIG'

r|'RAL HIST. SURV

FIELDIA

Botany

NEW SERIES, NO. 17

Typification of Schlechter's

Costa Rican Orchidaceae

I. Types Collected by A. Brenes

Kerry Barringer

January 31, 1986

Publication 1365

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FIELDIANA

Botany

NEW SERIES, NO. 17

Typification of Schlechter's

Costa Rican Orchidaceae

I. Types Collected by A. Brenes

j

Kerry Barringer

Department of Botany

Field Museum of Natural History

Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496

Accepted for publication December 18, 1984

January 31, 1986

Publication 1365

PUBLISHED BY FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

© 1986 Field Museum of Natural History

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 85-81456

ISSN 00 15-0746

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Table of Contents

Abstract 1

Introduction 1

Methods 2

Types for Schlechter's Orchids Based on

Brenes's Collections 3

Acknowledgments 22

Literature Cited . . 23

List of Illustrations

1 . Portrait of Rudolph Schlechter 2

2. Portrait of Alberto M. Brenes 3

3. Map of Brenes's collecting localities

near San Ramon 4

4. Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Dichaea

ovatipetala 6

5. Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Encyclia

brenesii 7

6. Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Le-

panthes ramonensis 9

7. Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Maxillar-

ia rubrilabia 11

8. Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Micro-

stylis brenesii 11

9. Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Oncid-

ium brenesii 12

10. Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Ornithid-

ium ramonense 13

1 1 . Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Pleuro-

thallis brevis 14

12. Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Pleuro-

thallis calerae 14

13. Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Pleuro-

thallis ciliilabia 15

14. Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Pleuro-

thallis eumecocaulon 16

15. Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Pleuro-

thallis trachystoma 17

16. Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Sobralia

macro 18

17. Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Stelis

leptophylla 19

18. Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Stelis ra-

monensis 20

19. Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Systelo-

glossum costaricense 21

20. Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Telipo-

gon gracilipes 22

2 1 . Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Tricho-

centrum brenesii . . 22

in

Typification of Schlechter's

Costa Rican Orchidaceae

I. Types Collected by A. Brenes

Abstract

Types have been found for 89 of the 92 orchid

species described by Rudolph Schlechter from the

collections of Alberto M. Brenes. Species in the

following genera are typified: Barbosella, Brenes-

ia, Camaridium, Campylocentrum, Catasetum,

Cryptocentrum, Dichaea, Elleanthus, Encyclia,

Epidendrum, Fractiunguis, Habenaria, Hexades-

mia, Leochilns, Lepanthes, Masdevallia, Maxil-

laria, Microstylis, Mormodes, Notylia, Oncidium,

Ornithidium, Pleurothallis, Polystachya, Ponthei-

va, Sepalosaccus, Sobralia, Stelis, and Systelo-

glossum. Kefersteinia alba Schltr., Pleurothallis

ciliilabia Schltr., and Telipogon gracilipes Schltr.

are not typified due to the lack of specimens or

other evidence regarding their status. Names pro-

posed to replace illegitimate names based on

Brenes's orchid collections, Maxillaria umbrac-

tilis L. O. Wms., M. angustissima Ames & C.

Schweinf., M. flava Ames & C. Schweinf, and

Pleurothallis integrilabia Ames, Hubbard, & C.

Schweinf., are also typified.

Introduction

Typification of Rudolph Schlechter's orchid

species has been difficult since the holotypes were

destroyed in a fire following the bombing of Berlin

on March 1, 1943 (Ames, 1944; Pilger, 1953; But-

zin, 1978). Some species have been lectotypified

in revisions (e.g., Garay, 1974, 1978), but most

have not been examined (Blaxell, 1973, 1978).

The problem is particularly acute because of

Schlechter's productivity. In the summer of 1 893,

he told A. B. Rendle that one of his goals was to

describe at least one new species every day (Ren-

dle, 1926). In pursuing that goal, he published

more than 300 scientific papers in his lifetime,

most dealing with orchid taxonomy (Loesener,

1 926). Schlechter described more than 400 species

of orchids from Costa Rica alone, though most of

these are now regarded as synonyms of older names.

Schlechter (fig. 1 ) first became acquainted with

Costa Rican orchids through the collections of H.

Pittier (Schlechter, 1918). He was soon identifying

and describing material for the collectors then

working with Pittier, including P. Biolley, A. Ton-

duz, O. Jimenez, K. Werckle, Alfred Brade and

his brother Curt, G. Acosta, and Alberto Brenes.

This work culminated in the publication of the

second part of Schlechter's Beitrdge zur Orchi-

deenkunde von Zentralamerika(l923) which dealt

with Costa Rican species. More than half of the

work is based on material collected by Brenes,

reflecting an affiliation that began around 1900

and lasted until Schlechter's death in 1924.

Alberto Brenes (fig. 2) was a Costa Rican, born

in San Ramon on Sept. 2, 1870. He studied in

Costa Rican schools until 1890 when he left to

complete his studies in Europe. He stayed in Paris

for a short time and then moved to the University

of Lausanne. He remained in Lausanne for one

year and then moved to the University of Geneva,

where he stayed until 1898, taking botany and

natural history courses with Professors Renvier,

Doufour, Chodat, and Briquet (Jimenez, 1945).

While Brenes was away, Pittier established his

Instituto Fisico-Geografico Costarricense, a gov-

ernment department devoted to the natural sci-

BARRINGER: SCHLECHTER'S COSTA RICAN TYPES. I.

FIG. 1. Portrait of Rudolph Schlechter (Field Mu-

seum collection).

ences (Jimenez, 1954). The Herbario Nacional de

Costa Rica was a part of the Institute and grew

under the autocratic influence of Pittier (Gomez,

1978). When Pittier left the country in 1903, the

herbarium was taken over by the Museo Nacional,

a separate government institute.

When Brenes returned in 1 898, he resumed col-

lecting with Pittier, Biolley, and Tonduz in his

spare time, while teaching at the Escuela de Far-

macia in San Jose. He left this post for health

reasons and returned to San Ramon in 1 903 (Leon,

1945). He worked for a few years at the Colegio

de San Luis Gonzaga before transferring to the Es-

cuela Normal in 1 9 1 1 . In 1 920 he became the head

of the Botany Section at the Museo Nacional, a

position he would hold until 1935.

In 1921 Brenes began a series of collections that

would eventually total more than 23,000 numbers

(Leon, 1 945). He usually collected around San Ra-

mon, at elevations from 900 to 1 ,400 m (fig. 3).

These collections are of great importance because

this is an unusually rich area, spanning a broad

gap between the Cordillera Central and the Cor-

dillera de Tilaran. Moisture-laden winds from the

Caribbean plain are forced up the eastern slope

and across the gap, creating areas of cloud forest

at unusually low altitudes. Furthermore, Brenes

collected during a period of agricultural growth,

when farms were being expanded and forests

cleared for development. The new pastures often

contained small forest patches, accessible from the

roads.

Before 1 924 the primary set of Brenes's collec-

tions was deposited at Costa Rica, although the

unicates of many groups were sent to specialists.

Schlechter received most of Brenes's orchid col-

lections during this period. Later, at the suggestion

of P. C. Standley, Brenes sent his primary set to

Field Museum and his orchids to Oakes Ames at

Harvard (Jimenez, 1945; Leon, 1945). The spec-

imens that remained at the Museo Nacional were

stored on open shelves and were subject to insect

damage. Some specimens were lost when the Mu-

seo had to be closed for financial reasons and the

specimens were boxed and stored (Jimenez, 1 954).

Under the direction of Luis Diego Gomez P., a

new herbarium building with climate-controlled

herbarium and metal cases was built in!977-1978.

Many of the type specimens, which were stored

unmarked with the regular collections, have now

been identified and moved to the type herbarium.

Methods

While compiling a checklist of Costa Rican Or-

chidaceae, I found that it was difficult to evaluate

many of the described species due to the absence

of types. The herbaria that house Brenes's (B) or-

chid collections— Ames Orchid Herbarium (AMES),

Museo Nacional de Costa Rica (CR), Field Mu-

seum (F), New York Botanical Garden (NY), and

U.S. National Herbarium (us) (Leon, 1 945)— were

searched for type material. Specimens at the Mu-

seo Nacional were usually given priority in lec-

totypification because the primary set of Brenes's

material collected before 1924 is stored there. Ex-

ceptions were made if the material at the Museo

lacked flowers or was extensively damaged, or if

adequate material at another herbarium was used

as the basis for a monographic or floristic treat-

ment.

An extensive collection of analytical drawings

kept at the Ames Herbarium are an excellent re-

source for understanding Schlechter's concepts and

the critical characters he cites in descriptions. The

collection includes copies of Schlechter's analyti-

cal sketches of new species, tracings of the holo-

types, and drawings made under Schlechter's su-

pervision. Ames (1944, p. 106) described how the

collection was acquired:

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

Dr. Schlechter always made helpful analyt-

ical sketches of the plants he studied and at

my request an artist was employed to make

for me not only copies of these sketches but

tracings from the type specimens from which

they were based. After his death his wife,

Alexandra Schlechter, continued to have

drawings made for me so that in time my

herbarium contained a useful record of a

large number of Schlechter's types with em-

phasis on the orchids of Middle America.

Mansfeld (1931) collected, retouched, and pub-

lished some of these drawings, but very few Costa

Rican species were included.

When no isotypes are available, the published

protologue becomes the most important factor for

determining the species. The drawings may be des-

ignated as lecto types following Article 9.3 of the

International Code (Voss et al., 1983), but they

must be used with caution. They are copies, not

originals, and are sometimes inaccurate, especially

in depicting fine detail in some Pleurothallidineae

or in Elleanthus. The analytical sketches show only

the floral details and may not show characters use-

ful for distinguishing the species. However, they

offer a good indication of Schlechter's concept of

a group and should be used as long as they agree

with the published protologue and adequately dis-

tinguish the species.

When no types or adequate drawings were avail-

able and the protologue was sufficiently diagnostic,

neotypes were selected following the criteria sug-

gested by the International Code (Voss et al., 1 983).

It is sometimes difficult to interpret Brenes's

labels. Brenes wrote most of his labels in French

in handwriting that grew more cramped as he aged.

His labels on material at the Museo Nacional and

Field Museum often have two to four different

numbers, in addition to the herbarium number of

the Museo Nacional. The Museo Nacional num-

bers are the only numbers that follow a distinct

order and are never repeated; they should be cited

whenever possible. If the Museo Nacional number

is not available, then the collection date should be

cited. It appears that Brenes used a series of num-

bers to keep track of the specimens he sent to

experts and personal herbarium numbers that were

updated as his collection grew larger (L. D. Gomez,

pers. comm.). On type sheets all but one or two

of the numbers are usually crossed out, the re-

maining numbers corresponding to those cited in

the original publication. On distributed sheets types

usually have only the cited number, while the oth-

FIG. 2. Portrait of Alberto M. Brenes (Hunt Library

collection).

ers usually have a Brenes herbarium number and

a number for identifications. Very few of the sheets

at Costa Rica have Schlechter annotations: how-

ever, all identified sheets are marked with the name

of the person who identified the specimen, written

in by Brenes.

In the following list, the specimens from Costa

Rica are cited followed by the Museo Nacional

accession number. Specimens from other herbaria

are cited with the Brenes herbarium number in

parentheses; lectotypes selected by others are cit-

ed.

Types for Schlechter's Orchids

Based on Brenes's Collections

Barbosella brenesii Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Reg-

ni Veg. Beih. 19: 201. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica,

Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San Ramon, 1,075

m, Nov. 1921, Brenes 165 (holotype, B, de-

stroyed; lectotype, here designated, CR 26171!;

isotype, AMES!; drawings, AMES!; photograph, F

ex CR!).

The type at CR has a number of flowers in a

BARRINGER: SCHLECHTER'S COSTA RICAN TYPES. I.

FIG. 3. Map of Brenes's collecting localities near San Ramon. All roads are extant. Star indicates Carretera

Interamericana; 1 indicates Ruta 1.

packet and is in good condition. The name is a

synonym of Barbosella monstrabilis (Ames) Ga-

ray.

Brenesia costaricensis Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 200. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San Ramon,

1,200 m, Sept. 1921, Brenes 117 (holotype, B,

destroyed; lectotype, here designated, AMES!;

isotype, CR 18505!; drawings, AMES!; photo-

graphs, F ex CR!).

The specimen at Costa Rica is sterile, while the

specimen at AMES has flowers and is in good con-

dition. The name is a synonym of Pleurothallis

johnsonii Ames. This is the type species of the

genus Brenesia Schltr.

Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San Ramon, 1,025

m, July 1921, Brenes 64 (holotype, B, destroyed;

lectotype, here designated, AMES!; isotypes, NY!,

CR 18497!; drawings, AMES!; photograph, F ex

CR!).

The specimen at CR is sterile, while the speci-

mens at AMES and NY are fertile and in good con-

dition. The specimen at AMES is selected because

it was studied by Ames and Schweinfurth. Addi-

tional floral details are seen in the drawings at

AMES. Schlechter (1923) distinguished this species

from Camaridium dendrobioides Schltr. by its

larger flowers, different color, and minute differ-

ences of the lip, but the two are nearly identical.

Both are synonyms of Maxillaria dendrobioides

(Schltr.) L. O. Wms.

Camaridium simile Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Reg-

ni Veg. Beih. 19: 239. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica,

Camaridium vinosum Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 240. 1923. non Maxillaria

FTELDIANA: BOTANY

vinosa Rolfe (1922). TYPE: Costa Rica, Prov.

Alajuela, Distrito Volio de San Ramon, 1,270

m, Jan. 1922, Brenes 234. (holotype, B, de-

stroyed; lectotype, here designated, CR 18490!;

isotypes, AMES!, NY!; photograph, F ex CR!).

The lectotype is in good condition. The name

is a synonym ofMaxillaria umbractilis L. O. Wms.

Campylocentrum acutum Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 268. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Santiago de San Ramon,

1,075-1,100 m, Nov. 1921, Brenes 147 (holo-

type, B, destroyed; holotype fragment, AMES!;

isotype, CR 18480!; drawings, AMES!; photo-

graphs, F ex CR!.

The holotype fragment is not the only known

type material. The isotype at CR has good vege-

tative material and a single mature flower. Addi-

tional floral details can be seen in the drawings

and fragment at AMES. Todzia (1980) states that

the name is a synonym of Campylocentrum schiedei

(Reichb. f.) Benth. ex Hemsl.

Campylocentrum brenesii Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 268. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San Ramon,

1,075 m, Sept. 1921, Brenes 127 (holotype, B,

destroyed; lectotype, here designated, AMES!;

isotype, CR 18479!, NY!; photograph, F ex CR!).

The type at CR is sterile. The material at NY and

AMES is fertile and in good condition. The material

at AMES is chosen as the lectotype because it was

studied by Ames and Schweinfurth.

Catasetum brenesii Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Reg-

ni Veg. Beih. 19: 225. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica,

Prov. Puntarenas, Guacimas, Pacific Plain, 100-

1 50 m, Aug. 1922, Brenes 294 (holotype, B, de-

stroyed; lectotype, here designated, NY!; draw-

ings, AMES!).

The type at NY is the only known material of

this collection. The drawings at AMES provide ad-

ditional floral details. The name is a synonym of

Catasetum integerrimum J. D. Hook.

B, destroyed; lectotype, here designated, CR

18464!; drawing, AMES!; photograph, F ex CR!).

The material at Costa Rica is fertile and in good

condition. The drawings at AMES agree with the

lectotype.

Cryptocentrum latifolium Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 247. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Los Angeles de San Ra-

mon, 1,050 m, July 1921, Brenes 56 (holotype,

B, destroyed; drawings, AMES!).

No isotypes, syntypes, or paratypes have been

found. Only the protologue and the drawings at

AMES give an indication of Schlechter's concept.

The analytical sketch is selected as the lectotype.

There is a Brenes specimen of Cryptocentrum la-

tifolium at CR that has the same field number as

the type of C. gracilipes, but the locality, date, and

field number can be used to distinguish the two

collections.

Dichaea brenesii Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni

Veg. Beih. 19: 264. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica,

Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San Ramon, 1,075

m, Nov. 1921, Brenes 66 (holotype, B, de-

stroyed; lectotype, here designated, CR 18458!;

drawings, AMES; photograph, F ex CR!).

The lectotype is the only known isotype. It is

sterile, but agrees well with Dichaea trulla Reichb.

f. and is probably synonymous with that species

(Dressier, 1980).

Dichaea ovatipetala Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Reg-

ni Veg. Beih. 19: 266. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica,

Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San Ramon, 1,150

m, Nov. 1921, Brenes 196 (holotype, B, de-

stroyed; drawings, AMES!). Figure 4.

No isotypes, syntypes, or paratypes or any ma-

terial annotated by Schlechter exist for this species.

The analytical sketch is selected as the lectotype.

The floral analysis shows the wide, ovate petals

and short spurred lip that Schlechter (1923) cited

as critical characters. The name is a synonym of

Dichaea muricata (Sw.) Lindl.

Cryptocentrum gracilipes Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 246. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Los Angeles de San Ra-

mon, 1,000 m, July 1921, Brenes 37 (holotype,

Dichaea oxyglossa Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni

Veg. Beih. 19: 267. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica,

Prov. Alajuela, Santiago de San Ramon, 1,075

m, Nov. 1921, Brenes 144 (holotype, B, de-

BARRINGER: SCHLECHTER'S COSTA RICAN TYPES. I.

FIG. 4. Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Dichaea ova-

tipetala Schltr., Brenes 196.

stroyed; lectotype, here designated, CR 18455!;

drawings, AMES!; photograph, F ex CR!).

The lectotype is the only known isotype. It has

flowers and is in good condition. The drawings

match the lectotype.

Elleanthus albertii Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni

Veg. Beih. 19: 162. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica,

Prov. Alajuela, Los Angeles de San Ramon,

1,050 m, July 1921, Brenes 54 (holotype, B, de-

stroyed; lectotype, here designated, CR 18425!;

drawing, AMES!).

The lectotype is the only known isotype. The

specimen is sterile. Schlechter's drawings and de-

scriptions were based on dissected buds, making

placement of this species difficult.

Elleanthus brenesii Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Reg-

ni Veg. Beih. 1 1: 44. 1912. TYPE: Costa Rica,

Prov. Alajuela, between San Ramon and San

Jeronimo, May 1901, Brenes 61 (holotype, B,

destroyed; lectotype, AMES [fide Garay, 1978];

drawing, AMES!).

A portion of Schlechter's analytical drawings

were published by Mansfeld (1931). Garay (1978)

cites this name as a synonym of Elleanthus xan-

thocomus Reichb. f. ex J. D. Hook.

Elleanthus poiformis Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 164. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San Ramon,

1,075 m, Nov. 1921, Brenes 166 (holotype, B,

destroyed; lectotype, here designated, CR 18423!;

drawing, AMES!; photograph, F ex CR!).

The lectotype is the only known isotype. It has

flowers and is in good condition.

Encyclia brenesii Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni

Veg. Beih. 19: 221. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica,

Prov. Alajuela, San Jose de San Ramon, 1,025

m, Feb. 1922, Brenes 253 (holotype, B, de-

stroyed; drawings, AMES!). Figure 5.

There are no isotypes, syntypes, or paratypes for

this species. The drawings are selected as the type.

Ames et al. (1935b) cite Encyclia brenesii as a

synonym of Epidendrum oncidioides Lindl. var.

mooreana (Rolfe) Ames, Hubbard, & Schwein-

furth. Dressier (1980) considers it to be a synonym

of Encyclia mooreana (Rolfe) Schltr.

Epidendrum albertii Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 208. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Los Angeles de San Ra-

mon, 1,000 m, July 1921, Brenes 49 (holotype,

B, destroyed; lectotype, here designated, AMES!;

isotype, CR!; photograph, F ex CR!).

The isotype at CR has flowers and is in fair con-

dition, but the isotype at AMES is chosen as lec-

totype because it was cited by Ames et al. (1936).

K pid end rum brenesii Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 209. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San Ramon,

1,050 m, Nov. 1921, Brenes 118 (holotype, B,

destroyed; drawings, AMES!).

No isotypes, syntypes, or paratypes exist for this

species, and no other material identified by

Schlechter has been found. The species is distinct

among Central American epidendrums. The an-

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

alytical drawings at AMES show the broad, bilobed

lip that characterizes the species, so they are des-

ignated as the type.

Epidendrum modestiflorum Schltr., Repert. Sp.

Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 213. 1923. TYPE:

Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San

Ramon, 1,075 m, Sept. 1921, Brenes 128 (ho-

lotype, B, destroyed; lectotype, here designated,

AMES!).

The lectotype is the only known isotype. It is

cited by Ames et al. (1936). They considered this

species to be a part of a variable Epidendrum ra-

mosum Jacq. (Ames et al., 1934), but it is likely

that the two are distinct.

Epidendrum muscicolum Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 214. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Los Angeles de San Ra-

mon, 1,050 m, July 1921, Brenes 44 (holotype,

B, destroyed; lectotype, here designated, AMES!;

isotypes, CR 25799!, NY!; photograph, F ex CR!).

The lectotype is cited by Ames et al. (1936) and

Williams (1940a). The name is the basionym of

Epidanthus muscicola (Schltr.) L. O. Wms.

Epidendrum ramonianum Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 217. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San Ramon,

1,150 m, Sept. 1921, Brenes 101 (holotype, B,

destroyed; lectotype, here designated, AMES!).

The lectotype is the only known isotype and is

cited by Ames et al. (1936). The name is a syn-

onym of Epidendrum platystigma Reichb. f.

Epidendrum serricardium Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 218. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Juan de San Ramon,

1,025 m, Jan. 1922, Brenes 254 (holotype, B,

destroyed; lectotype, here designated, AMES!).

The lectotype is the only known isotype and is

cited by Ames et al. (1936).

Epidendrum subviolascens Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 219. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San Ramon,

900 m, Nov. 1921, Brenes 174 (holotype, B,

destroyed; lectotype, here designated, CR 25770!;

drawings, AMES!).

FIG. 5. Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Encydia

brenesii Schltr., Brenes 253.

The lectotype is the only known isotype. It has

flowers and is in good condition. This name is a

synonym of Epidendrum coriifolium Lindl.

Fractiunguis cuniculatis Schltr. var. gracilis Schltr.,

Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 204. 1923.

TYPE: Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro

de San Ramon, 1,000 m, Jan. 1922, Brenes 244

(holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype, here desig-

nated, CR 25886!; isotype, AMES!; photograph, F

ex CR!).

The lectotype has flowers and is in good con-

dition. This is a synonym of Reichenbachianthus

cuniculata (Schltr.) Pabst.

Habenaria brenesii Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Reg-

ni Veg. Beih. 19: 159. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica,

Prov. Alajuela, "La Calera" de San Mateo, 500

m, Sept. 1921, Brenes 95 (holotype, B, de-

BARRINGER: SCHLECHTER'S COSTA RICAN TYPES. I.

stroyed). NEOTYPE (here designated): Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Isidro de San Ramon,

1,050 m, 12 Nov. 1923, Brenes 58(670) (CR

25865!).

No isotypes, syn types, or paratypes exist for this

species. No drawings were found at AMES. The

specimen designated as the lectotype was identi-

fied by Schlechter. Possibly, Schlechter saw the

specimen before he described the species, because

the label reads "Habenaria brenesii sp. nov.". The

field label has the field number, 58, in addition to

the Brenes herbarium number, 670. The specimen

matches the protologue, though the specimen is

slightly smaller in overall size than described. The

critical characters cited by Schlechter, the short

apical segments and the short lateral segments of

the lip, are found in the neotype.

Hexadesmia brachyphylla Schltr. var. longior

Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19:

205. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela,

Rio Jesus de San Ramon, 800 m, March 1921,

Brenes 259 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype,

here designated, CR 25874!; isotype, AMES!).

The lectotype has flowers and is in good con-

dition. The name is a synonym of Hexadesmia

fusiformis Griseb.

Hexadesmia rigidipes Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 206. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Santiago de San Ramon,

1,075 m, Nov. 1921, Brenes 145 (holotype, B,

destroyed; lectotype, here designated, AMES!).

The lectotype is the only known isotype. The

name is a synonym of Hexadesmia fasciculata

Brogn.

Kefersteinia alba Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni

Veg. Beih. 19: 228. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica,

Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San Ramon, 1 ,075

m, July 1922, Brenes 284 (holotype, B, de-

stroyed).

There are no isotypes, syntypes, or paratypes for

this species, and no specimens corresponding ex-

actly with the protologue can be found. This species

is probably synonymous with Kefersteinia lactea

Reichb. f. as stated by Fowlie (1960). Schlechter

had a poor understanding of that species, which

also has a "two-lobed" callus, a winged column,

and a relatively small habit. Until further study

of the genus is made, no neotype can be chosen.

Leochilus retusus Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni

Veg. Beih. 19: 256. 1922. TYPE: Costa Rica,

Prov. Alajuela, Maderal de San Mateo, 400 m,

Jan. 1 922, Brenes 229 (holotype, B, destroyed;

lectotype, here designated, CR 25897!; isotype,

AMES!).

The lectotype is in good condition, but the leaves

and one of the flowers have disarticulated from

the stem. Despite Schlechter's (1923) contention

that the two are distinct, this is definitely a syn-

onym of Leochilus scriptus Reichb. f.

Lepanthes apiculifera Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 177. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San Ramon,

1,100 m, July 1921, Brenes 72 (holotype, B, de-

stroyed; lectotype, here designated, CR 25917!;

drawings, AMES!).

The lectotype is the only known isotype. Com-

parison of the lectotype and drawings with the

lectotype and drawings of Lepanthes wercklei

Schltr. (Mansfeld, 1931) and the description of

that species shows that the two are synonymous

(Schweinfurth, 1937).

Lepanthes brenesii Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni

Veg. Beih. 19: 177. 1923. TYPE: not designated.

LECTOTYPE (here designated): Costa Rica,

Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, 1 ,025 m, Sept. 1921,

Brenes 179 (AMES!; drawing, AMES!).

Schlechter (1923) cited both Brenes 179 and

Brenes 7 without designating the type. No material

of Brenes 7 is known to exist, whereas Brenes 179

is represented at AMES by a fragment mounted on

a sheet with copies of Schlechter's analytical draw-

ings. One drawing is labeled "Brenes 7", while the

others are labeled "type". The two collections ap-

pear to be of two distinct species, with the drawings

labeled "type" matching the protologue and the

fragment. It is likely that Brenes 179 is the basis

for the drawings labeled as the type.

Ames (1936) considered this name to be a syn-

onym of Lepanthes turialvae Reichb. f., but con-

sidering the confusion in the typification of that

species and the variety of material now lumped

under the name (Schultes, 1958), it is likely that

this species may be good.

Lepanthes inornata Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Reg-

ni Veg. Beih. 19: 178. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica,

Prov. Alajuela, Alto Calera de San Mateo, 850

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

m, Dec. 1921, Brenes 216 (holotype, B, de-

stroyed; holotype fragment, AMES!; drawings,

AMES!).

The holotype fragment is the only known type

material. It is a fragment of an inflorescence. A

flower has been removed and mounted in the slide

collection at AMES.

I i pantiles ramoiu- nsis Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 179. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Rafael de San Ramon,

1,200 m, Nov. 1921, Brenes 207 (holotype, B,

destroyed; drawings, AMES!). Figure 6.

No isotypes, syntypes, or paratypes are known

for this species. The analytical drawings show the

floral characters necessary to distinguish the

species, so they are designated as the type.

Lepanthes tonduziana Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 180. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San Ramon,

1,075 m, Sept. 1921, Brenes 126 (holotype, B,

destroyed; lectotype, here designated, CR 25914!;

isotype, AMES!).

The lectotype is in good condition and has a

single flower in a packet. Study confirms that it is

synonymous with Lepanthes brenesii Schltr. The

confusion with these species and L. turialvae

Reichb. f. is discussed by Schultes (1958).

Masdevallia diantha Schltr. Beih. Bot. Centralbl.

36(2): 384. 1901. TYPE: not designated. LEC-

TOTYPE (here designated): Costa Rica, Prov.

Alajuela, Cerro de San Isidro de San Ramon,

1,300 m, June 1901, Brenes s.n. (us!; drawings,

AMES!; photograph, AMES ex us!).

Schlechter cited three collections in the proto-

logue without designating a type: Brenes s.n.,

Werckle s.n. (673 in herb. Jimenez), and Werckle

s.n. (843 in herb. Jimenez). The analytical sketches

at AMES and in Mansfeld (193 1) were drawn from

the Brenes specimen. The only known isosyntype

is the Brenes specimen at us. Masdevallia diantha

is a synonym of M. chontalensis Reichb. f.

Maxillaria acutifolia Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 229. 1923. non Lindl.

(1839). TYPE: not designated. SYNTYPES:

Costa Rica. Prov. Alajuela, Distrito Volio de

San Ramon, 1,250 m, Jan. 1923, Brenes 235;

FIG. 6. Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Lepanthes ra-

monensis Schltr., Brenes 207.

Los Angeles de San Ramon, 1 ,000 m, July 1921,

Brenes 159 (B, destroyed). NEOTYPE (here des-

ignated): Costa Rica, Prov. San Jose, La Palma,

1,250 m, 15 Dec. 1922, Brenes 173(504) (AMES!).

No types or authentic specimens have been

found, and there are no drawings. Ames (1936)

cites Brenes 173(504), and it is the only specimen

of this species studied by Schweinfurth. The spec-

imen has the diagnostic features cited by Schlech-

ter—the linear, acute leaves and the round, ru-

gulose pseudobulbs— and the lip is oblong, slightly

3-lobed, and minutely papillose, as described. This

name is a later homonym of Maxillaria acutifolia

Lindl. and is replaced by the name M. angustis-

sima Ames, Hubbard, & Schweinfurth (1934).

Maxillaria albertii Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni

Veg. Beih. 19: 230. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica,

Prov. Alajuela, San Jesus de San Ramon, 800

m, March 1922, Brenes 257 (holotype, B, de-

stroyed; lectotype, here designated, CR 25960!;

drawings, AMES!).

BARRINGER: SCHLECHTER'S COSTA RICAN TYPES. I.

The lectotype is the only known isotype. It agrees

with the drawings at AMES. The leaves are disar-

ticulated, and it has a single flower.

Maxillaria brenesii Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Reg-

ni Veg. Beih. 19: 231. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica,

Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San Ramon, 1 ,050-

1,250 m, Sept. 1921, Brenes 78 (holotype, B,

destroyed; lectotype, here designated, CR 2597 1 !;

isotype, AMES!; photograph, F ex CR!).

The lectotype is the only known isotype. It has

suffered some damage, but has good vegetative

parts, good inflorescences with bracts, and disar-

ticulated flower buds. This name is a synonym of

Maxillaria brunnea Linden & Reichb. f.

800 m, June 1922, Brenes 281 (holotype, B, de-

stroyed; lectotype, here designated, CR 25985!;

drawing, AMES!; photograph, F ex CR!).

The lectotype is the only known isotype. It is in

fair condition and has a single, detached flower.

Maxillaria ramonensis Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 236. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Santiago de San Ramon,

1,050 m, Nov. 1921, Brenes 154 (holotype, B,

destroyed; lectotype, here designated, CR 25991!;

isotype, AMES!; photograph, F ex CR!).

The lectotype has flowers and is in good con-

dition.

Maxillaria costaricensis Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 232. 1923. TYPE: not des-

ignated. LECTOTYPE (here designated): Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Distrito Volio de San Ra-

mon, 1 ,050 m, Jan. 1 922, Brenes 237 (CR 260 1 5!;

isotype, AMES!; photograph, F ex CR!).

Schlechter cited two collections in the proto-

logue, Brenes 237 and Brenes 263, without indi-

cating which was the type. The sheets of Brenes

237 are the only known specimens of either col-

lection. Ames (1936) cited Brenes 236 as the type

of Maxillaria costaricensis, but this was probably

a misprint because Brenes 237 is the only speci-

men of the species at AMES. Maxillaria costaricen-

sis is synonymous with M. variabilis Bateman ex

Lindl., though Schlechter (1923) distinguished it

from that species by its smaller habit, larger flow-

ers, and the yellow tint of the flowers.

Maxillaria lactea Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni

Veg. Beih. 19: 233. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica,

Prov. Alajuela, Maderal de San Mateo, 500 m,

Sept. 1921, Brenes 143 (holotype, B, destroyed;

lectotype, here designated, CR!; isotype, AMES!;

drawing, AMES!).

The lectotype has flowers and is in good con-

dition. This name is a synonym of Maxillaria

brunnea Linden & Reichb. f. Schlechter (1925)

described a second M. lactea, from a different type,

which is a synonym ofM. alba (J. D. Hook.) Lindl.

Maxillaria maleolens Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 233. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Rio Jesus de San Ramon,

Maxillaria rubrilabia Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 236. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Santiago de San Ramon,

1,050 m, s.d., Brenes 151 (holotype, B, de-

stroyed; drawing, AMES!). Figure 7.

The drawings are selected as the type because

no isotypes, syntypes, or paratypes are known to

exist. The drawings at AMES show the broad mid-

lobe of the lip and the short, obtuse, lateral lobes

that Schlechter cites. Maxillaria rubrilabia is

probably synonymous with M. cucullata Lindl.,

differing slightly in floral size and color and the

width of the midlobe of the lip. Schlechter (1923)

compared M. rubrilabia with M. atrata Reichb.

f., but both of these species seem to be only slight

variants of the widespread M. cucullata. Atwood

(1981) has described two new species in the M.

cucullata complex, suggesting that the group will

need further study.

Microsrylis brenesii Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Reg-

ni Veg. Beih. 19: 167. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica,

Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San Ramon, 1 , 1 50

m, July 1921, Brenes 73 (holotype, B, destroyed;

drawings, AMES!). Figure 8.

No isotypes, syntypes, or paratypes are known

to exist. The drawings are selected as the type.

Schlechter (1923) distinguished this species from

Microstylis histionantha Link, Kl., & Otto by its

smaller habit, smaller flowers, the flat lip, and the

fused lateral sepals. The variability he describes is

well within the range found in M. histionantha.

Both names are synonyms of Malaxis histionan-

tha (Link, Kl., & Otto) Garay & Dunst.

10

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

FIG. 7. Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Maxillaria

rubrilabia Schltr., Brenes 151.

M or modes stenoglossum Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 225. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, "La Calera" de San Mateo,

500-600 m, March 1922, Brenes 256 (holotype,

B, destroyed; holotype fragment, AMES!; draw-

ing, AMES!; photograph, F ex AMES!).

The holotype fragment is a single flower. Ex-

amination confirms that this is a synonym ofMor-

modes flavidum Kl. (Pabst, 1978).

Notylia brenesii Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni

Veg. Beih. 19: 249. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica,

Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San Ramon, 925

m, Nov. 1921, Brenes 173 (holotype, B, de-

stroyed; lectotype, here designated, AMES!; iso-

type, CR 26035!; photographs, F ex AMES!, F ex

CR!).

The lectotype has mature flowers, while the iso-

type at CR has only buds. The species is a synonym

of Notylia trisepala Lindl. & Paxton.

FIG. 8. Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Microstylis

brenesii Schltr., Brenes 73.

Notylia ramonensis Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Reg-

ni Veg. Beih. 19: 250. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica,

Prov. Alajuela, Santiago de San Ramon, 950 m,

July 1921, Brenes 91 (holotype, B, destroyed;

lectotype, here designated, AMES!; isotype, CR!;

photographs, F ex AMES!, F ex CR!).

The isotype at CR has a mature flower, but is in

poor condition, i.e., disarticulated and insect-eat-

en. The lectotype is in good condition.

Oncidium brenesii Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni

Veg. Beih. 19: 257. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica,

Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, 1,025 m, Jan. 1922,

Brenes 240 (holotype, B, destroyed; drawing,

AMES!). Figure 9.

No isotypes, syntypes, or paratypes are known

to exist. The drawings at AMES are selected as the

type. They show the unbranched inflorescence and

BARRINGER: SCHLECHTER'S COSTA RICAN TYPES. I.

11

FIG. 9. Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Oncidium bre-

nesii Schltr., Brenes 240.

the spreading flowers cited by Schlechter (1923)

and the structure of the lip which is necessary to

distinguish the species. The name is a synonym of

Oncidium obryzatum Reichb. f. (Garay & Stacy,

1974).

Oncidium naranjense Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 259. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Cerro del Espirito Santo

a Naranjo de Alajuela, 1,075 m, June 1921,

Brenes 22 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype, here

designated, CR 26061!; isotype, AMES; photo-

graph, F ex CR!).

The lectotype is in excellent condition. The name

is a synonym of Oncidium ansiferum Reichb. f.

(Garay & Stacy, 1974).

Oncidium paleatum Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Reg-

ni Veg. Beih. 19: 260. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica,

Prov. Alajuela, San Rafael de San Ramon, 1 ,250

m, Nov. 1921, Brenes 206 (holotype, B, de-

stroyed; drawings, AMES!).

No isotypes, syntypes, or paratypes are known

to exist. The drawings are selected as the type. In

the protologue, Schlechter compares this species

with Oncidium bracteatum Reichb. f., distinguish-

ing O. paleatum by its shiny pedicel and rachis,

many-flowered inflorescence, broad flowers, col-

umn, and the wider lip with a short isthmus and

a wider forelobe. Garay & Stacy (1974) cite O.

paleatum as a synonym of O. henrici-gustavi

Kranzl., which Kranzlin (1922) distinguished from

O. bracteatum by the large lateral lobes of the lip

and the winged column. Oncidium bracteatum is

a wide-ranging species that is variable across its

range. The width of the lip is particularly variable,

and all of the distinguishing characters cited by

Schlecter and by Kranzlin are inadequate for dis-

tinguishing species within the group. Winged col-

umns are found in most Oncidium species.

It should be noted that Kranzlin (1922) also

cited Endres 292, the type of O. henrici-gustavi,

under O. bracteatum in both the taxonomic treat-

ment and the list of exsiccatae. This may invali-

date the name.

Ornithidium aurantiacum Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 241. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San Ramon,

1,075 m, Nov. 1921, Brenes 129 (holotype, B,

destroyed; drawing, AMES!).

No isotypes, syntypes, or paratypes are known

to exist, so the drawings are selected as the type.

Schlechter distinguished this species from Orni-

thidium wercklei Schltr. (= Maxillaria wercklei

(Schltr.) L. O. Wms.) by its larger flowers and nar-

row, ligulate pseudobulbs, but these characters do

not distinguish the two. Later, Williams (1940b)

suggested that O. aurantiacum was a synonym of

M. wercklei. Allen (1949) incorrectly cited Max-

illaria aurantiaca Schltr. (1924), based on a Co-

lombian type, as a synonym of this species.

Ornithidium neglect um Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 242. 1923. TYPE: from

cultivated material labeled "Costa Rica", Bot.

Gart. Berlin-Dahlem, 1910, s.L, s.n. (holotype,

B, destroyed; drawings, AMES!).

No isotypes, syntypes, or paratypes of this species

can be found. In addition to the type, Schlechter

(1923) cites Brenes 164, but no specimens from

12

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

this collection, or any material identified by

Schlechter, can be found. Schlechter's detailed an-

alytical drawings are selected as the type. The floral

sketch of this species was published (Mansfeld,

1931). The name is the basionym of Maxillaria

neglecta (Schltr.) L. O. Wms.

Or n i ( h id i 11 in pal I id if la \ urn Schltr., Report . Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 242. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San Ramon,

1,075 m, Sept. 1921, Brenes 135 (holotype, B,

destroyed; lectotype, here designated, CR 26021!;

isotype, AMES!; photograph, F ex CR!).

The lectotype has flowers and is in good con-

dition. The name is a synonym of Maxillaria mi-

crophyton Schltr.

( )r n it hid in in r a mono rise Schltr., Report. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 243. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San Ramon,

1,050-1,200 m, Sept. 1921, Brenes 137 (holo-

type, B, destroyed; drawings, AMES!). Figure 10.

No isotypes, syntypes, or paratypes are known

to exist. The drawings are selected as the type.

They show the small lateral lobes and broad mid-

lobe of the lip that distinguish the species. When

transferring the species to Maxillaria, Ames et al.

(1934) found that the name Maxillaria ramonen-

sis had been used by Schlechter (1923). They pro-

posed the new name M. flava, based on the same

type. The drawings also become the type for that

name.

Pleurothallis biflora Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Reg-

ni Veg. Beih. 19: 181. 1923. non Focke (1849).

TYPE: Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon,

1,025 m, Nov. 1921, Brenes 176 (holotype, B,

destroyed; lectotype, here designated, AMES!;

isotypes, CR 26 1 4 1 !, NY!; photographs, F ex CR!).

The lectotype is in good condition. Ames et al.

(1935a) replaced the illegitimate Pleurothallis bi-

flora Schltr. with P. geminiflora Ames, Hubb. &

C. Schweinf., but the citation was incorrect, mak-

ing their name invalid. The isotype at AMES, stud-

ied and annotated by Schweinfurth, is selected as

the neotype. The name is a synonym of P . calyp-

trostele Schllr. (Williams, 1946).

Pleurothallis brenesii Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 182. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San Ramon,

FIG. 10. Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Ornithidiwn

rarnonense Schltr., Brenes 137.

950 m, June 1921, Brenes 30 (holotype, B, de-

stroyed; lectotype, here designated, CR 26138!;

isotype, AMES!).

The lectotype has flowers and is in good con-

dition. The name is a synonym of Pleurothallis

fulgens Reichb. f.

Pleurothallis brevis Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Reg-

ni Veg. Beih. 19: 183. 1923. TYPE: not desig-

nated. LECTOTYPE (here designated): Costa

Rica, Prov. Cartago, near Cartago, 1 ,450 m, April

1 922, Brenes 276 (lectotype, B, destroyed; draw-

ings, AMES!). Figure 1 1 .

Schlechter ( 1 923) cited three collections without

indication of which was the type: Brenes 276,

Brenes 13, and Brenes 40. No specimens of any

of these collections can be found, except for a sketch

of Brenes 276 at AMES (fig. 1 1). The drawing shows

the pubescent flowers and oblong-ligulate lip that

BARRINGER: SCHLECHTER'S COSTA RICAN TYPES. I.

13

FIG. 1 1 . Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Pleurothallis

brevis Schltr., Brenes 276.

Schlechter cites. It is selected as the type. The name

is a synonym of Pleurothallis memor Reichb. f.

Pleurothallis brunnescens Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 183. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San Ramon,

1,100 m, June 1921, Brenes 27 (holotype, B,

destroyed. NEOTYPE (here designated): Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Isidro de San Ramon,

1,075 m, 12 Nov. 1923, Brenes 824(212) (CR

26118!).

No isotypes, syntypes, or paratypes of this species

are known to exist. The neotype conforms to the

protologue.

Pleurothallis calerae Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 184. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Alto de Calera de San Ma-

teo, 850 m, Jan. 1922, Brenes 228 (holotype, B,

destroyed; drawings, AMES!). Figure 12.

No isotypes, syntypes, or paratypes of this species

are known. The drawings at AMES show the mi-

FIG. 12. Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Pleurothallis

calerae Schltr., Brenes 228.

nutely auriculate lip with a broad lamina and the

pubescent sepals that Schlechter cites. They are

designated as the type. This name is a synonym

of Pleurothallis immersa Linden & Reichb. f.

Pleurothallis ciliilabia Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 185. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Alto de "La Calera" de

San Mateo, 850 m, Dec. 1921, Brenes 215 (ho-

lotype, B, destroyed; drawing, AMES!). Figure 13.

No isotypes, syntypes, or paratypes of this species

are known. The drawing at AMES is not adequate

to distinguish the species. It does not show the

characteristic lip and clinandrium. An adequate

neotype is not available. The name is a synonym

of Pleurothallis barbulata Lindl.

Pleurothallis convallaria Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 185. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San Ramon,

1,100 m, July 1921, Brenes 84 (holotype, B, de-

14

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

stroyed; lectotype, here designated, AMES!; iso-

type, CR 26 1 1 2!; photograph, F ex CR!).

The isotype at CR has neither flowers nor buds,

but the lectotype at AMES has flowers and is in

excellent condition.

Pleurothallis dryadum Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 186. 1923. non Schltr.

(1922). TYPE: Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San

Pedro de San Ramon, 950 m, June 1921, Brenes

36 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype, here des-

ignated, AMES!; isotype, CR 26147!; drawings,

AMES!; photograph, F ex CR!).

The isotype at CR is sterile, but the lectotype at

AMES has flowers. Specimens of the Pleurothallis

are in a mixed mat with mosses and leafy liver-

worts. The name Pleurothallis dryadum Schltr.

(1923) is a later homonym of P. dryadum Schltr.

(1922), based on a specimen from Panama. Ames

et al. (1934) replaced the illegitimate name with

P. integrilabia based on the same type. Pleuro-

thallis dryadum Schltr. (1923) and P. integrilabia

are both synonyms of P. grobyi Bateman ex Lindl.

Pleurothallis ehrhartiiflora Schltr., Repert. Sp.

Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 187. 1923. TYPE:

Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San

Ramon, 1,000 m, Sept. 1921, Brenes 141 (ho-

lotype, B, destroyed; lectotype, here designated,

CR 261 16!; isotype, AMES!, NY!).

The lectotype has flowers and is in good con-

dition. The name is a synonym of Pleurothallis

costaricensis Rolfe.

Pleurothallis eumecocaulon Schltr., Repert. Sp.

Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 187. 1923. TYPE:

Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Distrito ("Hazen-

da") Volio de San Ramon, 1,270 m, Jan. 1922,

Brenes 232 (holotype, B, destroyed; drawings,

AMES!). Figure 14.

No isotypes, syntypes, or paratypes can be found.

The drawings are selected as the type. They show

the short, acuminate sepals, the papillose, hairy

petals, and the ovate lip cited by Schlechter.

Pleurothallis flavescens Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 188. 1923. TYPE: not des-

ignated (drawings, AMES!).

Schlechter (1923) cited two specimens in the

FIG. 13. Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Pleurothallis

ciliilabia Schltr., Brenes 215.

protologue, Brenes 185 and Brenes 218, without

indicating the type. No specimens from either col-

lection can be found. The drawings are not labeled

to indicate on which collection they were based,

but they are selected as the lectotype because they

are the only indication, outside of the protologue,

of Schlechter's concept of the species. Dunsterville

& Garay (1966) cite the name as a synonym of

Restrepiella tubulosa (Lindl.) Garay & Dunst.

Pleurothallis gonioglossa Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 189. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, 1,025 m, Nov.

1921, Brenes 178 (holotype, B, destroyed; lec-

totype, here designated, CR 26142!; isotypes,

AMES!, NY!; drawings, AMES!; photograph, F ex

CR!).

The lectotype is mounted on a sheet with fronds

of Elaphoglossum. There is a single flower in a

BARRINGER: SCHLECHTER'S COSTA RICAN TYPES. I.

15

132.

FIG. 14. Copy of Schlechter's sketch

of Pleurothallis eumecocaulon Schltr.,

Brenes 232.

packet. The name is a synonym of Pleurothallis

sanchoi Ames.

Pleurothallis homalanthoides Schltr., Report. Sp.

Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 190. 1923. TYPE:

Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San

Ramon, 1,150 m, July 1921, Brenes 68 (holo-

type, B, destroyed; holotype fragment, AMES!;

drawings, AMES!).

The holotype fragment at AMES is the only extant

type material. It has flowers and is in good con-

dition.

Pleurothallis nemorum Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 191. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San Ramon,

1,150 m, July 1921, Brenes 76 (holotype, B, de-

stroyed; drawing, AMES!). NEOTYPE (here des-

ignated): Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro

de San Ramon, 1 , 1 00 m, Sept. 1921, Brenes 121

(AMES!; isoneotype, CR!).

No isotypes are known to exist, so a paratype

is chosen as the lectotype. The specimen at CR has

no flowers, but the specimen at AMES has flowers

and is in good condition. Luer (1977) distin-

guished Pleurothallis nemorum from P. homalan-

tha Schltr., but examination of the types and other

authentic specimens leads me to follow Ames

(1936) in treating the two as synonyms.

Pleurothallis pauciflora Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 192. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, 1,125m, Nov.

1921, Brenes 177 (holotype, B, destroyed; lec-

totype, here designated, CR 26193!; isotype,

AMES!; photograph, F ex CR!).

16

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

The lectotype has flowers but is in poor con-

dition. The name is a synonym of Pleurothallis

pruinosa Lindl.

Pleurothallis phyllocardioides Schltr., Repert. Sp.

Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 193. 1923. TYPE:

Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, 1,025

m, June 1922, Brenes 290 (holotype, B, de-

stroyed; holotype fragment, AMES!; isotype, NY!;

drawing, AMES!).

The type fragment is in good condition.

Pleurothallis ramonensis Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 193. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San Ramon,

1 , 1 50 m, July 1921, Brenes 88 (holotype, B, de-

stroyed; lectotype, here designated, AMES!).

The lectotype is the only extant isotype. It has

flowers and is in good condition. Schlechter also

cites Brenes 288 as a possible representative, but

no specimens from that collection are known.

Pleurothallis stelidiformis Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 195. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Santiago de San Ramon,

1,075 m, Nov. 1921, Brenes 150 (holotype, B,

destroyed; lectotype, here designated, CR 26123!;

isotype, NY!; drawing, AMES!; photograph, F ex

AMES!).

The lectotype has flowers and is in good con-

dition. The analytical sketch at AMES does not have

the denticulate lip as shown in Luer (1977). The

protologue describes the petals as being marginally

ciliolate, and the types have ciliate, not denticu-

late, petals. For this reason, it is likely that this

species is not a synonym of Pleurothallis denti-

petala Rolfe ex Ames as cited by Luer (1977) and

Schweinfurth(1937).

Pleurothallis trachystoma Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 196. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San Ramon,

950 m, June 1921, Brenes 40 (holotype, B, de-

stroyed; drawings, AMES!). Figure 15.

No isotypes, paratypes, or syntypes can be found.

The drawing at AMES is chosen as the lectotype

because no adequate neotype could be found.

Pleurothallis vaginata Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 197. 1923. TYPE: Costa

FIG. 1 5. Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Pleurothallis

trachystoma Schltr., Brenes 40.

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San Ramon,

1,200 m, Sept. 1921, Brenes 122 (holotype, B,

destroyed; lectotype, here designated, AMES [fide

Garay & Sweet, 1974]; drawings, AMES!).

Garay & Sweet (1974) cite this name in syn-

onymy under Pleurothallis imraei Lindl.

Pleurothallis violaceorosea Schltr., Repert. Sp.

Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 198. 1923. TYPE:

Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Santiago de San Ra-

m6n, 1,075 m, Nov. 1921, Brenes 153 (holo-

type, B, destroyed; lectotype, here designated,

CR 26227!; isotype, AMES!, NY!).

The isotype has flowers and is in good condition.

The large bract, long acute petals, and broad-based

lip show that the species is a synonym of Pleu-

rothallis loranthophylla Reichb. f.

BARRINGER: SCHLECHTER'S COSTA RICAN TYPES. I.

FIG. 16. Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Sobralia

macro Schltr., Brenes 295.

Polystachya costaricensis Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 223. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Maderal de San Mateo,

450-600 m, Sept. 1921, Brenes 94 (holotype, B,

destroyed; lectotype, here designated, AMES!;

isotype, CR 26234!; photograph, F ex CR!).

The isotype at CR has no flowers and is badly

insect-damaged, but the lectotype at AMES has

flowers and is in good condition. The name is a

synonym of Polystachya foliosa (J. D. Hook.)

Reichb. f.

Ponthieva brenesii Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni

Veg. Beih. 19: 165. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica,

Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San Ramon, 1,200

m, July 1921, Brenes 83 (holotype, B, destroyed;

lectotype, here designated, CR 26246!; isotypes,

AMES!, NY!; photograph, F ex CR!).

The lectotype has flowers and fruits and is in

excellent condition. Dressier (1980) considers the

species to be distinct, but it appears to be syn-

onymous with Ponthieva maculata Lindl.

Ponthieva graciliscapa Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 166. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San Ramon,

1,150 m, Sept. 1921, Brenes 100 (holotype, B,

destroyed; lectotype, here designated, CR 26238!;

isotype, AMES!, NY!; photograph, F ex CR!).

The lectotype has flowers and is in good con-

dition. The type confirms that the name is a syn-

onym of Ponthieva tuerckheimii Schltr.

Sepalosaccus humilis Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 245. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San Ramon,

1,075 m, Sept. 1921, Brenes 130 (holotype, B,

destroyed; lectotype, here designated, AMES!;

isotypes, CR 26268!, NY!; photograph, F ex CR!).

The flowers of the isotype at CR are insect-dam-

aged, so the isotype at AMES is selected as the lec-

totype. Schlechter's analytical drawing of this

species has been published (Mansfeld, 193 1). This

specimen typifies the genus Sepalosaccus Schltr.

The name is a synonym of Sepalosaccus struma-

tum (Endr. & Reichb. f.) Garay.

Sobralia macra Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni

Veg. Beih. 19: 161. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica,

Prov. Alajuela, Los Angeles de Heredia, 1,500

m, Aug. 1922, Brenes 295 (holotype, B, de-

stroyed; drawings, AMES!). Figure 16.

No isotypes, syntypes, or paratypes of this species

are known to exist. The drawings are designated

as the type.

Sobralia neglecta Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni

Veg. Beih. 19: 161. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica,

Prov. Alajuela, Maderal de San Mateo, 450 m,

April 1922, Brenes 279 (holotype, B, destroyed;

lectotype, here designated, AMES!; drawing,

AMES!).

The sterile lectotype is the only extant isotype.

Floral details appear on the drawing at AMES.

Spiranthes brenesii Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. 10:

481. 1918. TYPE: Costa Rica, Prov. San Jose,

Piedades de San Jose, 1 , 1 00 m, May 1901, Brenes

18

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

FIG. 17. Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Stelis leptophylla Schltr., Brenes 204.

14282 (holotype, B, destroyed; lectotype, here

designated, AMES!; isotype, us!; drawing, AMES!).

The lectotype has flowers and is in good con-

dition. The analytical sketches were published as

Brachystele brenesii (Schltr.) Schltr. (Mansfeld,

1931). The name is a synonym of Brachystele guy-

anensis (Lindl.) Schltr. (Garay, 1982).

Stelis albertii Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni Veg.

Beih. 19: 170. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica, Prov.

Alajuela, San Pedro de San Ramon, 1,150 m,

Sept. 1921, Brenes 118 (holotype, B, destroyed;

holotype fragment, AMES!; drawing, AMES!, pho-

tograph, AMES ex B!).

The holotype fragment at AMES is the only extant

type material. The name is a synonym of Stelis

pardipes Reichb. f. (Garay, 1979).

Stelis bracteata Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni

Veg. Beih. 19: 171. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica,

Prov. Alajuela, Santiago de San Ram6n, 1,050

m, Nov. 1921, Brenes 155 (holotype, B, de-

stroyed; holotype fragment, AMES; drawing,

AMES!; photograph, AMES ex B!).

BARRINGER: SCHLECHTER'S COSTA RICAN TYPES. I.

19

FIG. 18. Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Stelis ra-

monensis Schltr., Brenes 184.

The holotype fragment is the only extant type

material. The name is a synonym of Stelis powellii

Schltr. (Garay, 1978).

Stelis brenesii Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni Veg.

Beih. 19: 192. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica, Prov.

Alajuela, Santiago de San Ramon, 1,075 m, Nov.

1921, Brenes 148 (holotype, B, destroyed; ho-

lotype fragment, AMES!; drawing, AMES!; pho-

tograph, AMES ex B!).

The fragment of the holotype is the only extant

type material. The name is a synonym of Stelis

parvula Lindl. (Garay, 1979).

Stelis brevis Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni Veg.

Beih. 19: 172. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica, Prov.

Alajuela, San Rafael de San Ramon, 1,250 m,

Nov. 1921, Brenes 201 (holotype, B, destroyed;

holotype fragment, AMES!; drawings, AMES!; pho-

tograph, AMES ex B!).

The fragment of the holotype is the only extant

type material. In 1927 Ames noted on a herbar-

ium sheet that Stelis brevis is conspecific with S.

parvula Lindl.

Stelis leptophylla Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni

Veg. Beih. 19: 174. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica,

Prov. Alajuela, San Rafael de San Ramon, 1 ,250

m, Nov. 1921, Brenes 204 (holotype, B, de-

stroyed; drawing, AMES!; photograph, AMES ex

B!). Figure 17.

No isotypes, syntypes, or paratypes of this species

are known to exist. Schlechter (1923) distin-

guished this species by its thin leaves with dis-

tinctly petiolate leaves. He cited a paratype, Pittier

10168, which may still exist. Typification must

await a search for the paratype. Ames (1936) and

Garay (1979) cite this species as a synonym of

Stelis cooperi Schltr.

Stelis praesecta Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni

Veg. Beih. 19: 175. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica,

Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, 1 ,035 m, Nov. 1921,

Brenes 189 (holotype, B, destroyed; photograph,

AMES ex B!). NEOTYPE (here designated): Costa

Rica, Prov. Cartage, Lankester 468 (AMES!).

No isotypes, syntypes, or paratypes of this species

are known to exist. The neotype conforms to the

protologue. It is the type of Stelis propinqua Ames.

Schlechter's description is indistinguishable from

that of S. propinqua. The distinguishing character

used by Schlechter, the apiculate lip, is present in

all species in the section Monostachyae (Garay,

1979). Ames (1936) placed his 5". propinqua in

synonymy with S. endresii Reichb. f. (= S. argen-

tata Lindl. fide Garay [1974]). Stelis propinqua is

distinct and can be distinguished from that species

by its glabrous sepals and the small lobes of the

lip.

Stelis ramonensis Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni

Veg. Beih. 19: 176. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica,

Prov. Alajuela, San Ramon, 1,125m, Nov. 1921,

Brenes 184 (holotype, B, destroyed; drawings,

AMES!; photograph, AMES ex B!). Figure 18.

The drawings at AMES clearly show the two-part-

ed, ridgelike callus on the lip and large floral bracts

which are described in the protologue. They are

chosen as the lectotype in the absence of a suitable

type material. The name is a synonym of Stelis

parvula Reichb. f. (Garay, 1974).

Stelis violascens Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov. Regni

Veg. Beih. 19: 176. 1923. TYPE: Costa Rica,

Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San Ramon, 1,200

m, Sept. 1921, Brenes 108 (holotype, B, de-

20

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

FIG. 19. Copy of Schlechter's sketch

of Systeloglossum costaricense Schltr.,

Brenes 19.

stroyed; lectotype, here designated, CR 26305!;

isotypes, AMES!, NY!; photographs, AMES ex B!, F

ex CR!).

The lectotype has flowers and is in good con-

dition. The name is a synonym of Stelis propinqua

Ames(Garay, 1979).

Systeloglossum costaricense Schltr., Repert. Sp.

Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 252. 1923. TYPE:

Costa Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Alto de Santiago de

San Ramon, 1 ,075 m, July 1 92 1 , Brenes 19 (ho-

lotype, B, destroyed; drawings, AMES!). Figure

19.

The detailed drawings at AMES are selected as

the type because no isotypes, syntypes, or para-

types can be found. This species is the type for the

genus Systeloglossum.

Telipogon gracilipes Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 263. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, Palmira, 1,825 m, April

1921, Brenes 8 (holotype, B, destroyed; draw-

ings, AMES!). Figure 20.

No isotypes, syntypes, or paratypes can be found.

The drawings at AMES do not adequately distin-

guish the species. Schlechter (1923) distinguished

this species from Telipogon pfavii Schltr. by the

number of veins on the lip and petals, the habit

and leaf shape, the petal shape, the lip which lacks

a callus but which has acute papillae, and the lack

of reticulation in the veins of the lip. His sketch

BARRINGER: SCHLECHTER'S COSTA RICAN TYPES. I.

21

FIG. 20. Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Telipogon

gracilipes Schltr., Brenes 8.

FIG. 21. Copy of Schlechter's sketch of Trichocen-

trum brenesii Schltr., Brenes 116.

of the flowers does not depict the habit, the leaves,

or the lack of reticulation on the lip. The localized

variability of Telipogon is so great, especially with

regard to the shape and venation of the tepals, that

I hesitate to use the incomplete sketch as a type.

A survey of the type locality will be necessary

before the species can be adequately typified.

Trichocentrum brenesii Schltr., Repert. Sp. Nov.

Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 248. 1923. TYPE: Costa

Rica, Prov. Alajuela, San Pedro de San Ramon,

Sept. 1921, Brenes 116 (holotype, B, destroyed;

drawings, AMES!). Figure 2 1 .

The drawings at AMES are detailed and ade-

quately distinguish the species. They are selected

as the type due to the absence of any isotypes,

neotypes, or paratypes.

Acknowledgments

I would like to thank Luis Diego Gomez, CR,

and Leslie A. Garay, AMES, for their help and

permission to study the collections in their care.

Dr. Garay actively helped with the search of AMES.

Sr. Gomez generously allowed me to use the fa-

cilities of the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica dur-

ing my fieldwork. Jorge Gomez-Laurito, CR, Eric

Christenson, CONN, and Blanca Perez, MEXU,

were companions in the field. Eric Christenson

contributed two detailed critiques of earlier drafts.

Dan Nicholson, us, contributed advice on some

nomenclatural problems. William Burger, Mi-

chael Lefor, Michael Nee, and Michael Huft read

the manuscript and contributed many helpful sug-

gestions. The fieldwork and research were sup-

22

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

ported by NSF grant DEB-8103184 to William

Burger for the Flora of Costa Rica.

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24

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