Museum Victoria, formerly known as the Museum of Victoria was

formed in 1983 by the merger of the National Museum of Victoria

(established in 1854) and the Science Museum of Victoria (established

in 1870). Museum Victoria undertakes research in order to contribute to

a deeper understanding and appreciation of the origins, diversity and

development of Australia’s natural, cultural and scientific heritage, and

applies this knowledge for the benefit of society.

Memoirs of Museum Victoria (formerly known as Memoirs of the

National Museum of Victoria until 1983) is the museum’s scientific

journal and advances the museum’s objectives by publishing papers

on original research in the natural sciences pertinent to Victoria and/or

the museum’s collection. It is published annually, on 31 December.

From Volume 58 (2000) Memoirs of Museum Victoria is available in

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Memoirs of Museum Victoria is published by order of the Museums

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committee. Papers are assessed by independent referees prior to

publication.

Members

Richard Marchant (editor)

Martin F. Gomon

David J. Holloway

Gary C.B. Poore

Kenneth Walker

Robin S. Wilson

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An outline of the required format and style guide is supplied here,

however, authors should also refer to the previous edition of Memoirs

of Museum Victoria for a more in depth guide.

Papers should be arranged as follows:

title (including higher classification of zoological taxa)

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abstract

key words

contents (only if the paper is extensive)

introduction

main text

acknowledgements

references

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tables within the text

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Figure 1 . Storthyngurella hirsuta sp. nov., male, holotype: a, b,

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• References should be listed alphabetically at the end of the

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publication in roman. Authors should follow this example:

Paulin, C.D. 1986. A new genus and species of morid fish from

shallow coastal waters of southern Australia. Memoirs of

Museum Victoria 47: 201-206.

Last, PR., and Stevens, J.D. 1994. Sharks and rays of Australia.

CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne. 513 pp.

Wilson, B.R., and Allen, G.R. 1987. Major components and

distribution of marine fauna. Pp. 43—68 in: Dyne, G.R. and

Watson, D.W. (eds), Fauna of Australia Volume 1A General

articles. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra.

• Reference citations should use the following style:

Paulin, 1986; Last and Stevens, 1994; Smith etal., 1990.

• In taxonomic papers synonymies should be of the form: taxon,

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Contents

Special Issue, the first of two parts of Volume 66 2009

A special issue in honour of Dr Gary C.B. Poore, Principal Curator of Marine Biology, Museum

Victoria

J. Taylor and R. Wilson

1 > Victoriasquilla poorei , a new genus and species of mantis shrimp from southern Australia, and a

range extension for Hadrosquilla edgari Ahyong, 2001 (Crustacea: Stomatopoda: Nannosquillidae)

Shane T. Ahyong

5 > A new genus of a new Austral family of paratanaoid tanaidacean (Crustacea: Peracarida:

Tanaidacea), with two new species

Magdalena Blazewicz-Paszkowycz and Roger N. Bamber

17 > Acutiserolis poorei sp. nov. from the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas, Southern Ocean

(Crustacea, Isopoda, Serolidae)

Angelika Brandt

25 > Plesiomenaeus poorei gen. nov., sp nov., (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pontoniinae) from Zanzibar

A.J. Bruce

35 > A new genus and new species of Sphaeromatidae (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the Great Barrier

Reef, Australia

Niel L Bruce

43 > Population biology of the ghost shrimps, Trypaea australiensis and Biffarius arenosus

(Decapoda: Thalassinidea), in Western Port, Victoria

Sarah Butler, Manieka Reid and Fiona L. Bird

61 > Iphimedia poorei, a new species of Iphimediidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from the New South

Wales Australian coast

Ch. 0. Coleman and James K. Lowry

71 > Paralamprops poorei, sp. nov. (Crustacea: Cumacea: Lampropidae), a new Australian cumacean

Sarah Gerken

77 > Parelasmopus poorei a New Species of Maeridae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Southern

Australia

L.E. Hughes

81 > Compoceration garyi, a new genus and species of Paramunnidae (Crustacea, Isopoda,

Asellota), from south-eastern Australia

Jean Just

85 > Redescription of the freshwater amphipod Austrochiltonia australis (Sayce) (Crustacea:

Amphipoda, Chiltoniidae)

Rachael A. King

95 > New and poorly described stenothoids (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from the Pacific Ocean

T. Krapp-Schickel

117 > The genus Floresorchestia (Amphipoda: Talitridae) on Cocos (Keeling) and Christmas Islands

J.K. Lowry and R. Springthorpe

129 > Epikopais gen. nov. (Isopoda: Asellota: Munnopsidae), a new genus of munnopsid isopod with

three new species from the south-western Pacific

Kelly L Merrin

147 > New species of Brucerolis (Crustacea: Isopoda: Serolidae) from seas around New Zealand

and Australia

Melissa J. Storey and Gary C.B. Poore

175 > New records of the shrimp genus Lissosabinea (Caridea: Crangonidae) from Australia

including descriptions of three new species and a key to world species

Joanne Taylor and David J. Collins

A special issue in honour of Dr Gary C.B. Poore, Principal

Curator of Marine Biology, Museum Victoria

This special issue of Memoirs of Museum Victoria is dedicated to Dr

Gary C. B. Poore. Gary’s interest in taxonomy began whilst working as

an ecologist for the (then) Fisheries and Wildlife Department,

investigating benthic macrofaunal communities in Port Phillip Bay near

Melbourne. Although Gary’s career has primarily been in the field of

crustacean systematics, his ecological studies, commencing in 1969,

remain highly significant. His papers on the benthos of Port Phillip Bay

were one of the first such quantitative and multidisciplinary studies

undertaken anywhere in the world. These studies and the collections

on which they are based are still held in Museum Victoria and represent

an ecological snapshot of the benthos of Port Phillip Bay and have

provided a vital baseline to subsequent studies.

It was, however, the early realisation that the fauna Gary was

studying as an ecologist, contained a high proportion of undescribed

species that set the direction for the remainder of his career and Gary

set about describing animals and writing keys and guides to the southern

Australian crustacean fauna. When Gary commenced at Museum

Victoria as Curator of Crustacea in 1 979, the collection consisted of only

a few trays of specimens. The shelves of the embryonic Crustacean

Department held little more than Hale’s 1927 book The Crustaceans of

southern Australia along with a few reprints of Jerry Barnard’s papers on

the ‘Amphipoda of Australia’ written in the late 60s and early 70s. Three

decades on and the crustacean systematics library is now a vast

collection, with few authors represented who are not known personally

to Gary. Gary is the author and contributor of more than 100 taxonomic

and ecological papers and 40 books describing in excess of 350

species. Of equal importance Gary has built up a world class crustacean

collection at Museum Victoria of 60,000 lots which has been made

available for taxonomic research world wide.

The publication of this special issue is timed to coincide with Gary’s

retirement from his position of Principal Curator of Marine Biology on 5

November, 2009. This date marks the 40th anniversary of Gary working

in the field of marine science in Australia and it is his 65th birthday. The

invited contributing authors of this issue include some of his past and

present research assistants, honours and PhD students, Postdoctoral

Research Fellows, International Research Fellows, colleagues and

friends. These are just a few of the many and varied researchers who

have collaborated with Gary and have had their careers initiated or

enhanced under his guidance.

We hope that Gary enjoys this special issue. The variety of crustacean

taxa included— isopods amphipods, cumaceans, carideans, stomatopods

and thalassinideans— is a permanent reminder of Gary’s interest across

diverse crustacean taxa. Many genera and species are named in his

honour and one in honour of his wife Lynsey, whose enthusiastic support

of Gary’s crustacean research over many decades has benefited all

members of the Marine Invertebrate department of Museum Victoria.

Dr Joanne Taylor

Comarge Research Fellow

Museum Victoria

Dr Robin Wilson

Senior Curator

Marine Invertebrates

Museum Victoria

Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 1-4 (2009)

ISSN 1447-2546 (Print) 1447-2554 (On-line)

http://museumvictoria.com.au/About/Books-and-Journals/Journals/Memoirs-of-Museum-Victoria

Victoriasquilla poorei , a new genus and species of mantis shrimp from southern

Australia, and a range extension for Hadrosquilla edgari Ahyong, 2001 (Crustacea:

ST tomatopoda: Nannosquillidae)

Shane T. Ahyong

Marine Biodiversity and Biosecurity, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Private Bag 14901, Kilbirnie,

Wellington, New Zealand (s.ahyong@niwa.co.nz)

Abstract Ahyong, S.T. 2009. Victoriasquilla poorei, a new genus and species of mantis shrimp from southern Australia, and a range

extension for Hadrosquilla edgari Ahyong, 2001 (Crustacea: Stomatopoda: Nannosquillidae). Memoirs of Museum

Victoria 66: 1-4.

Victoriasquilla poorei, a new genus and species of nannosquillid stomatopod from southern Australia is described.

Victoriasquilla poorei appears to be most closely related to species of Austrosquilla, especially A. osculans (Hale, 1924),

with which it shares a similar rostral plate, a similar complement of antennal papillae, similar raptorial claw armature, and

telson and uropod structure. Victoriasquilla poorei also superficially resembles the eastern Atlantic Nannosquilloides

occulta (Giesbrecht, 1910), but differs in numerous features including fusion of the ocular scales, the number of ventral

papillae on the antennal protopod, size of the epipod of maxilliped 5, the armature of the basal segment of the pereopods

and posterolateral margin of AS6, and the absence of a ‘false eave’ on the telson. New distributional records of Hadrosquilla

edgari are also reported.

Keywords Crustacea, Stomatopoda, Nannosquillidae, Victoriasquilla, Hadrosquilla, Victoria, Australia

Introduction

The Australian stomatopod fauna currently stands at 148

species in 14 families (Ahyong, 2001, 2008; Ahyong et al.,

2008). Nannosquillidae is represented by six genera in

Australia, of which only Austrosquilla Manning, 1966 (6

species) and Hadrosquilla Manning, 1966 (2 species), both

southern Australian endemics, occur in temperate waters.

Examination of unidentified material in the collections of

Museum Victoria, not accessible at the time of the Ahyong

(2001) revision of the Australian Stomatopoda, revealed the

presence of an undescribed species and genus from Victoria,

along with first records of Hadrosquilla edgari Ahyong, 2001

from mainland Australia. The new species and new genus are

described herein, and new records reported.

Materials and Methods

Terminology and size descriptors follow Ahyong (2001). All

measurements are in millimetres (mm). Total length (TL) is

measured along the midline from the tip of the rostral plate to

the apices of the submedian teeth. Carapace length (CL) is

measured along the midline and excludes the rostral plate. The

Propodal Index (PI) of the raptorial claw is given as 100CL/

propodus length. The Propodal Length-Depth Index (PLDI)

of the raptorial claw is given as 100 times propodus length/

propodus depth. Specimens are deposited in the collections of

Museum Victoria, Melbourne (NMV).

Nannosquillidae Manning, 1980

Victoriasquilla gen nov.

Diagnosis. Cornea subglobular. Rostral plate with single

anterior median projection. Antennal protopod with 2 mesial

and 1 ventral papillae. Mandibular palp absent. Maxillipeds

1-5 with epipod. Raptorial claw dactylus with 8 teeth; ischium

unarmed. Abdominal somite 6 with posterolateral spines;

sternum unarmed. Telson dorsal surface with posteromedian

projection, otherwise unarmed; ‘false-eave’ absent; margins

with movable submedian teeth, intermediate and lateral

primary teeth, and four intermediate denticles.

Etymology. Derived from a combination of the Australian state

name, Victoria, and the generic name Squilla. Gender

feminine.

Type species. Victoriasquilla poorei gen. et sp. nov.

Victoriasquilla poorei gen. et sp. nov.

Ligure 1

S.T. Ahyong

Figure 1. Victoriasquilla poorei gen et sp. nov., male holotype, TL 17 mm (NMV J53108). A, anterior cephalothorax. B, right eye, lateral view.

C, right antennal protopod, lateral view. D, right raptorial claw, lateral view. E, thoracic somites 5-8, right dorsal view. F-H, right pereopods

1-3, respectively, posterior view. I, posterior abdomen, telson and right uropod, dorsal view. J, posterior abdomen and telson, right lateral view.

K, right uropod, ventral view. L, telson, ventral view. Scale 1.0 mm

New mantis shrimp from southern Australia

Type material. Holotype: NMV J53108, male (TL 17 mm), Horn

Point, North Shore, Wilsons Promontory, Victoria, 39 o 01'36"S,

146°28'12"E, shallow subtidal, rotenone, WPNPA stn 44, R. Kuiter

and M. McDonald, 8 Feb 1982.

Description of holotype. Eye with cornea subglobular, oriented

slightly obliquely on stalk; extending slightly beyond midlength

of antennular peduncle segment 3. Ophthalmic somite anterior

margin rounded. Ocular scales fused into broad, subtruncate

lobe, about twice as wide as long.

Antennular peduncle 0.52CL. Lateral spines of antennular

somite slender, directed anterolaterally, not reaching anterior

margin of rostral plate. Antennal protopod with 1 ventral

papilla and 2 mesial papillae; antennal scale 0.30CL, margins

fully setose.

Rostral plate subquadrate, wider than long, lateral margin

broadly convex, anterolateral and posterolateral corners

rounded; anterior median projection triangular; dorsal and

ventral surfaces smooth.

Raptorial claw dactylus with 8 teeth; outer margin convex,

with small proximal lobe. Propodus shorter than carapace;

occlusal margin pectinate, proximally with 4 movable spines;

PI 115, PLDI 255. Carpus with small dorsal distal spine,

otherwise unarmed. Merus and ischium unarmed, former

slightly longer than latter.

Mandibular palp absent. Maxillipeds 1-5 each with epipod;

fourth and fifth epipod subequal.

Thoracic somites 6-8 lateral margins subtruncate to

broadly rounded. Thoracic somite 8 sternal keel obsolete.

Pereopods 1-3 each with pointed, triangular lappet on

outer posterior margin of basal segment; endopods

2-segmented, subcircular to ovate.

Abdominal somite 6 smooth, unarmed dorsally; posterior

margin smooth; posterolateral spine prominent; sternum

surface and posterior margin unarmed; small, curved

ventrolateral spine anterior to uropodal articulation.

Telson wider than long; with 2 pairs of fixed primary teeth

(intermediate and lateral); with 6-8 submedian denticles either

side of midline forming shallow inverted V-shaped row; with

4 spiniform intermediate denticles in same plane; with 1

spiniform lateral denticle. Dorsal surface smooth, with

trapezoid posteromedian projection bearing short median

tooth overhanging innermost submedian denticles.

Uropodal protopod with 2 straight, ventrally carinate

primary spines, inner slightly longer than outer; inner margin

of protopod unarmed adjacent to endopod articulation; dorsal

spine prominent, sharp. Exopod proximal segment outer

margin with 5 or 6 straight, graded movable spines, distalmost

exceeding midlength of distal segment; inner distal margin

with 4 stiff setae; distal margin with short ventral spine.

Exopod distal segment ovate, with low median carinae.

Endopod with median dorsal sulcus.

Colour. Faded in alcohol.

Measurements. TL 17 mm, CL 3.50 mm, antennular peduncle

length 1.83 mm, antennal scale length 1.06 mm. Raptorial claw

propodus length 3.04 mm, height 1.19 mm.

Etymology. It is a pleasure to name this species for Gary Poore,

in recognition of his major and longstanding contributions to

carcinology, especially that of southern Australia.

Habitat. The precise habitat and sampling depth of the holotype

of V. poorei were not recorded at the time of collection, but it

was at SCUBA depths, probably shallower than 15 m (T.

O’Hara pers. com.). According to Museum Victoria records,

other species collected at the same station include the decapod

shrimps Alpheus australosulcatus Banner & Banner, 1982, A.

parasocialis Banner & Banner, 1982, Philocheras victoriensis

(Fulton & Grant, 1902) and Rhynchocinetes australis Hale,

1941, along with numerous shallow water inshore fish species.

Remarks. Based on Ahyong (2001), Victoriasquilla gen. nov.

will key out to the eastern Atlantic Nannosquilloides Manning,

1977, sharing similar armature of the dactylus of the raptorial

claw, similar eye and rostral plate shape, absence of the

mandibular palp, presence of 5 epipods, and 2 mesial papillae

on the antennal protopod, and an unarmed sternal margin of

abdominal somite 6. Victoriasquilla poorei gen. et sp. nov.,

however, differs from the type and only species of

Nannosquilloides , N. occulta (Giesbrecht, 1910), in numerous

features: 1) the ocular scales are fused instead of separate; 2)

one instead of two ventral papillae are present on the antennal

protopod; 3) the epipod of maxilliped 5 is subequal to, instead

of less than half the size of that of maxilliped 4; 4) the posterior

margin of the basal segment of the walking legs bears a broad

triangular lappet instead of a pair of slender spines; 5) one

instead of two ventrolateral spines are present anterior to the

uropodal articulation; 6) the posterolateral margin of abdominal

somite 6 is armed; 7) the upper posterior margin of the telson

lacks a ‘false eave’; and 8) the outer primary spine of the

uropodal protopod is subequal to, instead of distinctly shorter

than, the inner. Although Victoriasquilla and Nannosquilloides

share a number of taxonomic features, the similarities appear

to be superficial. The general facies of Nannosquilloides,

including the presence of a ‘false eave’ on the telson, suggests

that it is more closely related to Hadrosquilla Manning, 1966,

and Nannosquilla Manning, 1963. In contrast, Victoriasquilla

appears to be more closely allied to Austrosquilla, especially

A. osculans (Hale, 1924), with which it shares a similar rostral

plate, a similar complement of antennal papillae, similar

armature on the raptorial claw dactylus and similar telson and

uropod structure. Austrosquilla osculans itself is aberrant in

the genus (see Ahyong, 2001), and might also belong in a

different genus.

The holotype of V. poorei is a subadult male, so the endopod

of pleopod 1 is not yet modified and the penes have not reached

full length. The specimen otherwise displays typical adult

features. Of the known southern Australian Nannosquillidae,

V. poorei is similar to Austrosquilla osculans (Hale, 1924) (as

already noted) and Hadrosquilla edgari Ahyong, 2001, in

sharing a subquadrate rostral plate with a short median point

and 2 mesial papillae on the antennal protopod. Victoriasquilla

poorei is distinguished from A. osculans by lacking the distal

ischial spine on the raptorial claw, 5 instead of 4 epipods, and

in having a blunt, rather than spinular median projection on the

posterodorsal surface of the telson. From H. edgari,

Victoriasquilla poorei is readily distinguished by the absence

S.T. Ahyong

of the false-eave on the telson, 5 instead of 4 epipods, presence

of more than 7 teeth on the dactylus of the raptorial claw and

in having subequal instead of markedly unequal primary spines

on the uropodal protopod.

The small size of V. poorei, and its general similarity to

Austrosquilla osculans, which reaches at least 43 mm TL

(Ahyong, 2001), means that it could be easily overlooked as a

juvenile of the latter species.

Distribution. Presently known only from the type locality,

Horn Point, North Shore, Wilsons Promontory, Victoria.

Hadrosquilla edgari Ahyong, 2001

Hadrosquilla edgari Ahyong, 2001: 161-162, (fig. 80) [type

locality: Cloudy Bay Lagoon, Tasmania, Australia].

Material examined. NMV J53612, 3 females (TL 26-30 mm),

Shoreham, Western Port Bay, Victoria, 38°26'S, 145°03'E, J. A.

Kershaw, 30 Mar 1902; NMV J53613, 12 specimens, same; NMV

J53614, 1 male (TL 28 mm), same.

Remarks. Hadrosquilla edgari was previously known only

from Tasmania, so the present records from Victoria confirm

that it occurs on both sides of Bass Strait.

Distribution. Tasmania and now from Western Port Bay,

Victoria.

Acknowledgements

I wish to thank the organisers of the volume for the opportunity

to contribute, and for access to the Museum Victoria

collections. Support from the NIWA Capability Fund and the

New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology

(C01X0502) is gratefully acknowledged.

References

Ahyong, S.T. 2001. Revision of the Australian Stomatopod Crustacea.

Records of the Australian Museum , Supplement 26: 1-326.

Ahyong, S.T. 2008. Stomatopod Crustacea from the Dampier

Archipelago, Western Australia. Records of the Western

Australian Museum, Supplement 73: 41-55.

Ahyong, S.T., Chan, T.-Y. and Liao, Y.-C. 2008. A Catalog of the

Mantis Shrimps (Stomatopoda) of Taiwan. National Science

Council, Taiwan, R.O.C., Taipei. 191 pp.

Giesbrecht, W. 1910. Stomatopoden, Erster Theil. Fauna und Flora

des Golfes von Neapel Monographie 33: i-vii, 1-239, pis. 1-11.

Hale, H.M. 1924. Notes on Australian Crustacea. No. 1. Records of

the South Australian Museum 2(4): 491-502, pis. 32-33, (figs.

381-384).

Manning, R.B. 1963. Preliminary revision of the genera Pseudosquilla

and Lysiosquilla with descriptions of six new genera. Bulletin of

Marine Science of the Gulf and Caribbean 13(2): 308-328.

Manning, R.B. 1966. Notes on some Australian and New Zealand

stomatopod Crustacea, with an account of the species collected by

the Fisheries Investigation Ship Endeavour. Records of the

Australian Museum 27(4): 79-137, (figs. 1-10).

Manning, R.B. 1977. A monograph of the West African stomatopod

Crustacea. Atlantide Report 12: 25-181.

Manning, R.B. 1980. The superfamilies, families, and genera of

Recent Stomatopod Crustacea, with diagnoses of six new families.

Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 93(2):

362-372.

Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 5-15 (2009)

ISSN 1447-2546 (Print) 1447-2554 (On-line)

http://museumvictoria.com.au/About/Books-and-Journals/Journals/Memoirs-of-Museum-Victoria

A new genus of a new Austral family of paratanaoid tanaidacean (Crustacea:

Peracarida: Tanaidacea), with two new species.

Magdalena Blazewicz-Paszkowycz 1 And Roger N. Bamber 2

‘Department of Polar Biology and Oceanobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland. (magdab@

biol.uni.lodz.pl)

2 Artoo Marine Biology Consultants, Ocean Quay Marina, Belvidere Road, Southampton, Hants S014 5QY, United

Kingdom, (roger.bamber@artoo.co.uk)

Abstract Blazewicz-Paszkowycz M. and Bamber, R.N. 2009. A new genus of a new Austral family of paratanaoid tanaidacean

(Crustacea: Peracarida: Tanaidacea), with two new species.. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 1-15.

During analysis of tanaidacean material collected from the Bass Strait, Victoria, Australia, in 1965 and 1974, seven

specimens of a new species were found, quite distinct from but showing close affinities to the aberrant Antarctic paratanaoid

species Mirandotanais vorax. More recent sampling in 2008 on Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia, discovered two specimens

of a second new species, showing closer affinity to the Victoria species. Both new species are described herein, and the

Australian taxa are separated into a distinct genus owing in particular to the morphology of their mouthparts, with features

consistent between the two but quite distinct from Antarctic M. vorax. A new family is erected to include both genera.

Keywords Tanaidacea, Australia, Mirandotanais , Pooreotanais, Mirandotanainae

Introduction

The tanaidacean tanaidomorph genus Mirandotanais was erected

by Kusakin and Tzareva (1974) for their new and aberrant

Antarctic species M. vorax, a paratanaoid with many similarities

in appearance to Collettea Lang, 1973, but with an extravagantly

swollen pleon in the adults (this inflation including posterior

pereonites). While never common, this species has since been

recorded a number of times (see below) in Antarctic and

Subantarctic waters, but the genus has remained monotypic.

During examination of the extensive collection of

tanaidacean material held in Museum Victoria, Melbourne,

from surveys in the Bass Strait between the 1960s and 1990s,

seven specimens of a distinct but similar species, with

proportionately an even more inflated pleon, were discovered

from samples taken in the shallow waters of Western Port,

Victoria, including adults of both sexes.

Further, during a survey of Ningaloo Reef, Western

Australia, in 2008, two female specimens of a second new

species were discovered in coral rubble. This animal was

distinct from the species from Victoria, but showing more

affinity to that species than to Mirandotanais vorax.

These two new species are described herein. Owing to

features of their mouthpart morphology, consistent between

the two Australian species but quite distinct from the Antarctic

one, the two new species are placed in a new genus. The two

genera are (re)diagnosed, and assigned to a new family.

Methods

The Bass Strait collections were part of a long programme of

sampling in this region, including the overall Bass Strait Survey,

together with specific local benthic surveys in the bays and

estuaries of Victoria (see Poore, 1986; Wilson and Poore, 1987).

The material discussed here was collected during the Crib Point

Benthic Survey (CPBS) and the Westemport Bay Environmental

Study (WBES), using a Smith-Mclntyre grab. Samples were

washed in the field through a 1.0 mm mesh sieve, fixed in

formalin and subsequently stored in 70% alcohol.

The material from Western Australia was collected during a

CReefs (Australia) field-trip organized by the Australian Institute

of Marine Science (AIMS) to Ningaloo (mid-westem Australia).

Pieces of coral rubble were collected by hand during SCUBA-

diving, and were placed into buckets (20 1) with a few drops of

formaldehyde for a while to encourage any animals to leave

their microhabitats, such as tubes or crevices. The samples, with

the animals still alive, were then washed over a 0.3 mm mesh,

the residue sorted under the microscope and all tanaidacean

specimens collected were preserved in 80% ethanol.

Series of specimens of type-genus, Mirandotanais vorax

was collected during Polish Polar Expedition to H. Arctowski

Station in 1984/85 (Blazewicz-Paszkowycz and Sekulska-

Nalewajko, 2004).

Morphological terminology follows that of Blazewicz-

Paszkowycz and Bamber (2007). Measurements are made

M. Blazewicz-Paszkowycz & R.N. Bamber

axially, dorsally on the body and antennae, laterally on other

appendages. The new material is lodged in the collections of

Museum Victoria, Melbourne (Bass Strait material), and the

Western Australian Museum, Perth (Ningaloo material). The

material of Mirandotanais vorax is deposited at the collection

of University of Lodz.

Systematic Part

Order Tanaidacea Dana, 1849

Suborder Tanaidomorpha Sieg, 1980

Superfamily Paratanaoidea Lang, 1949

Family Mirandotanaidae fam. nov.

Diagnosis. Mature adults with strongly-inflated posterior

pereonites and pleon (“abdomen”) comprising half or more of

the body length. Eyelobes prominent, eyes absent. Antennule of

four articles, antenna of six articles. Labrum naked or with

minute setules; mandible poorly calcified, with reduced pars

molaris ; labium naked; maxillule palp articles fused, with two

distal setae; maxilliped basis fused medially. Cheliped basis

attached by distinct triangular sclerite; dactylus strongly curved.

Pereopods 1 to 3 with a separate coxa, merus naked, carpus and

propodus with sparse setae only (no spines); pereopods 4 to 6

coxa not distinct, merus, carpus and propodus with slender

spines; dactylus and unguis not fused, unguis of pereopods 4 to

6 distally bifurcate. Pleopods absent in female, biramous with

simple, mainly distal, setae, in male. Uropods short, compact,

exopod of one segment, endopod of two segments.

Etymology, from the type-genus, Mirandotanais.

Remarks. The most recent comprehensive classification of the

Paratanaoidea was that of Gu(u and Sieg (1999), which placed

Mirandotanais in the Anarthruridae Lang, 1971. Since that

time, a large number of new genera and species have been

described, earlier taxa have been redescribed, and there is now

a weight of evidence that their familial structure was too

simplistic. Subsequent mathematical phylogenetic treatments

of the Paratanaoidea by unweighted cladistic analysis have

been attempted. Larsen and Wilson (2002) undertook a

morphologically-based empirical parsimony analysis using

eighty-one exemplar taxa, but failed to resolve a large number

of genera into an overall classification. Their results suggested

the inclusion of Mirandotanais in their new family Colletteidae,

although their key would identify it with their other new family

Tanaellidae, and some features of the genus were counter to

their familial diagnosis for Colletteidae (but, curiously, not

their diagnosis of Anarthruridae).

Blazewicz-Paszkowycz and Poore (2008) undertook a similar

cladistic unweighted analysis of ninety-three paratanaoid taxa;

they were unable to resolve Colletteidae sensu Larsen & Wilson

(2002), indicating that this taxon is grossly polyphyletic, while

Mirandotanais was isolated both from taxa associated with

“Colletteidae” and from their clearly-resolved group of

Anarthruridae; rather, the genus was weakly-associated with

Parafilitanais mexicanus and Pseudoleptognathia setosa , albeit

with very low bootstrap support. These taxa are incompatible

with such “colletteid” genera as Subulella, Leptognathiella,

Stenotanais, Leptognathiopsis and Filitanais (which did cluster

together in the analysis of Blazewicz-Paszkowycz and Poore,

2008) which are characterized by strong “spiniform setae” on

pereopods 1 to3 , inter alia, whilethese are absent i n Mirandotanais

and in the new genus described below. The presence of weak

setation on the anterior three pairs of pereopods is compatible

with some species of Collettea, including the type-species

C. cylindrata (Sars, 1882), but these setae are usually robust (cf.

C. arnaudi (Shiino, 1979); C. pegmata Bamber, 2000).

All taxa in the Colletteidae sensu Larsen & Wilson (2002)

other than Mirandotanais have well-developed mouthparts,

with a functional mandible and fully-developed maxilliped,

unlike the two genera discussed herein; conversely, reduction

of the mouthparts is a characteristic feature of the

Anarthruridae, together with weak setation of the anterior

three pairs of pereopods. However, current understanding of

the Anarthruridae includes only taxa without a uropod exopod

(merely some form of apophysis on the uropod basis), unlike

the two genera discussed in the present paper.

These characters (if deemed significant-enough to define

families) exclude Mirandotanais and the new genus described

below from either the Colletteidae or the Anarthruridae as

presently diagnosed.

Until the familial classification within the Paratanaoidea is

properly resolved, it is therefore necessary to assign

Mirandotanais to a new family, the Mirandotanaidae.

Genus Mirandotanais Kusakin and Tzareva, 1974

Diagnosis. Pars incisiva of left mandible with low crenulations,

pars incisiva of right mandible without crenulations; small

(fused) lacinia mobilis present on both mandibles; pars molaris

a stout, unornamented triangular lobe. Labrum finely setose.

Maxillule with nine distal spines. Maxilliped palp article 3

longer than wide, with three inner setae; endite with distal seta.

Ischium of pereopods 1 to 3 with ventral seta. Pereopods 4 to 6

with four spines on carpus.

Distribution— Antarctic-Subantarctic.

Type-species. Mirandotanais vorax Kusakin and Tzareva, 1974

by monotypy.

Mirandotanais vorax Kusakin and Tzareva, 1974

Strongylura antarctica Hale, 1937; non-Vanhoffen, 1914.

Cryptocopoides rotundata Tzareva, 1982.

Material. All samples from the Admiralty Bay (King George Island,

South Shetland Island), six females, OC-477, Section 1, 221 m depth,

11 May 1985; 6 females OC-485, Section 1, 232 m depth, 10 Aug 1985;

1 female, OC-479, Section 1, 240 m depth, 11 May, 1985; 1 female,

OC 283, 258 m depth, 23 Jul 1985; 1 female, OC-275, 60 m depth, 10

Dec 1979.

Remarks. Mirandotanais vorax has been re-described by Sieg

(1984: 299-305, figs. 1, 3-5), although with some apparent

confusion over gender. In the light of the Australian material

described below, itis apparent that the females of Mirandotanais

are without pleopods, and the gender-attribution of Kusakin

A new genus of a new Austral family of paratanaoid tanaidacean (Crustacea: Peracarida: Tanaidacea), with two new species.

and Tzareva (1974) was correct. Examination of recent material

of this species has shown that the distal spines on the merus

and carpus of the posterior three pairs of legs are simple, and

rod-shaped, not sharp as figured by Sieg ( loc . cit .).

Kusakin and Tzareva (loc. cit.) suggested that the “strongly

dilated abdomen” and mandible structure were indicative of a

parasitic mode of life, but there has been no further evidence to

support this contention. Indeed, tubicoly has been inferred by

Sieg (1986b), which would imply a non-parasitic mode of life.

M. vorax is a circum-Antarctic species, not common, but

recorded frequently (Hale, 1937, as Strongylura antarctica - ,

Kusakin and Tzareva, 1974; Tzareva, 1982, as Cryptocopoides

rotundata; Sieg, 1984; 1986a [literature]; 1986b [distribution

map]; Bfazewicz and Jazdzewski, 1996; Schmidt, 1999;

Bfazewicz-Paszkowycz and Jazdzewski, 2000; Schmidt and

Brandt, 2001; Bfazewicz-Paszkowycz and Sekulska-Nalewajko,

2004) from a depth range of 10 to 580 m.

Genus Pooreotanais gen. nov.

Diagnosis. Pars incisiva of both mandibles with elaborate

denticulation; lacinia mobilis absent on right mandible, very

reduced (fused) on left mandible; pars molaris reduced to a small

spike. Labrum naked. Maxillule with five to eight distal spines.

Maxilliped palp article 3 as wide as or wider than long, with no

or one inner seta; endite naked, weakly expanded distally.

Ischium of pereopods 1 to 3 naked, carpus with one dorsodistal

seta, merus and carpus of pereopods 4 to 6 with two subdistally-

bifurcate distal setae.

Distribution— temperate -tropical Australia.

Etymology. Named in honour of Gary Poore of Museum

Victoria, in recognition of his outstanding contribution to

crustacean taxonomy and phylogeny.

Type species. Pooreotanais gari sp. nov. by original

designation.

Other species. Pooreotanais ningaloo sp. nov.

Remarks. The two new species from Australian waters described

herein as members of the new genus Pooreotanais show many

affinities to the genus Mirandotanais in the grossly inflated,

“maggot-like” appearance, the morphology of the antennules and

antennae, and of the cheliped, pereopods (including their sparse

setation and the bifurcate unguis on the posterior three pairs) and

uropods. The morphology of the mouthparts, however, is

remarkably distinct, particularly that of the mandibles with the

long marginal teeth on the pars incisiva, the reduced lacinia

mobilis and pars molaris-, equally the labrum, maxilliped endite

and basis are naked (finely setulose, and with single distal seta

respectively in M. vorax), the maxilliped palp articles are stouter

and more sparsely setose. Other differences in Pooreotanais

include the cheliped setal row having three setae (four in

M. vorax), the naked ischium of the anterior three pairs of

pereopods, the presence of proximal setal tufts on the dactyli, and

the unguis being shorter than the dactylus on the posterior three

pairs of pereopods. There are also differences between the genera

in the character of the spines on the merus and carpus of pereopods

4 to 6 (bifurcated in Pooreotanais and simple in Mirandotanais)

and their different number on the carpus (four in Mirandotanais

and two in Pooreotanais). Additionally the expanded pleon is

proportionately longer in Pooreotanais than in Mirandotanais.

It is in particular the distinct mouthpart morphology which

is considered justification for separating the following two

species into a distinct genus.

Pooreotanais gari sp. nov.

Figs. 1-3

Material. Holotype female (J56252), stn CPBS 33S, Western Port,

Victoria, 38°22.06'S 145°14.10'E, 13 m depth, on reef with sponge, 5

Mar 1965. Paratypes and allotype: 2 large females, 2 small specimens

(J58851), same locality as holotype; 1 large female (J56254), WBES stn

1747, Western Port, Victoria, 38°27.53'S 145°08.59'E, 18 m depth, sand,

25 Nov 1974; 1 large female dissected on slides (J56253); 1 allotype

male dissected on slides (J60423), stn CPBS 41N, Western Port, Victoria,

38°20.81'S 145°13.85'E, 13 m depth, gravel and sand, 30 Mar 1965.

Description of female. Body (fig. 1B-D) up to 3.5 mm long,

glabrous, generally cylindrical, with cephalothorax and pereonites

1 to 3 slender, pereonites 4 and 5 progressively expanding,

pereonite 6 and pleon (“abdomen”) grossly inflated; holotype

2.1 mm long, pleon 1.4 mm long. Cephalothorax subrectangular,

wider than long, with slight rostrum, eyelobes prominent and

eyes absent (fig. 1C-D). Pereonites 1 and 2 shortest, 0.25 times as

long as cephalothorax; succeeding pereonites progressively

longer, pereonites 3, 4 and 5 respectively 1.4, 2.0 and 3.5 times as

long as pereonite 1, pereonite 6 massive, 6.5 times as long as

pereonite 1. Pleon of five free subequal pleonites plus pleotelson;

each pleonite about 7 times as long as pereonite 1 except pleonite

5 about 5.5 times as long as pereonite 1; pleotelson stout, rounded,

0.7 times as long as last pleonite.

Antennule (fig. 2A) of four articles; proximal article stout,

twice as long as wide, 1.2 times as long as distal three articles

together, with one simple and five penicillate outer setae in distal

half; article 2 just wider than long, 0.3 times as long as article 1,

with simple distal outer seta; article 3 about half length of article

2, with simple inner-distal seta; article 4 comparatively slender,

3 times as long as wide and 1.2 times as long as article 2, with

three long and one short distal setae and one aesthetasc.

Antenna (fig. 2B) of six articles, proximal article compact,

naked; article 2 as long as wide, naked; article 3 as long as

wide, with dorsodistal seta; article 4 longest, more than twice

as long as article 3, 2.6 times as long as wide, with two inner

penicillate setae and two simple distal setae; article 5 0.35

times as long as article 4 with one distal seta; article 6

comparatively minute, one-third length of article 5, with one

subdistal and three distal strong setae.

Labrum (fig. 2C) rounded, naked. Left mandible (figs. 2D,

D’) with eleven elongate teeth distally on pars incisiva-, lacinia

mobilis a slight, fused tooth; pars molaris a short spike without

rugosity; right mandible (figs. 2E, E’) with nine distal elongate

teeth, without lacinia mobilis. Labium (not figured) naked,

without palp. Maxillule (fig. 2F) with six distal and two

subdistal spines, and sparse microtrichia on inner distal face;

palp distinct, unsegmented, with two distal setae. Maxilla (not

figured) small, ovoid, naked. Maxilliped (figs. 2G, G’) palp

article 1 wide, naked; article 2 almost triangular, no outer

M. Bfazewicz-Paszkowycz & R.N. Bamber

Figure 1. Pooreotanais gari gen. et sp. nov., : A, body lateral, male; B, body lateral, female; C, details of anterior part of body in female; D, details

of cheliped attachment. Scale line = 0.5 mm for A, 0.2 mm for B, 0.1 mm for C-D.

A new genus of a new Austral family of paratanaoid tanaidacean (Crustacea: Peracarida: Tanaidacea), with two new species.

Figure 2. Pooreotanais gari gen. et sp. nov., female: A, antennule; B, antenna; C, labrum; D, left mandible, outer aspect; D', left mandible, dorsal

aspect; E, right mandible, outer aspect; E', right mandible, dorsal aspect; F, maxillule; G, Maxilliped; G’, maxilliped palp, outer-ventral aspect;

H, epignath. Scale lines = 0.01 mm.

M. Bfazewicz-Paszkowycz & R.N. Bamber

Figure 3. Pooreotanais gari gen. et sp. nov., female: A, cheliped; A’, chela inner face; B, pereopod 1; C, pereopod 2; D, pereopod 3; E, pereopod

5, ventral; F, pereopod 6; male: G, uropod; H, pleopod Scale lines = 0.1 mm for A-A\ 0.01 mm for B-H.

A new genus of a new Austral family of paratanaoid tanaidacean (Crustacea: Peracarida: Tanaidacea), with two new species.

setae, two simple inner setae, distal-most inner seta exceeding

distal margin of palp article 3; article 3 as wide as long, with

no inner or outer setae, sparse inner submarginal microtrichia;

article 4 with single subdistal simple seta and four distal setae

minutely denticulate in their distal half; basis naked; endites

large, naked. Epignath (fig. 2H) elongate, tapering from

bilobed anterior, naked.

Cheliped (figs. 3A, A’) robust, with rounded, elongate basis

about twice as long as wide; merus subtriangular with one

ventral seta; carpus just longer than wide, with fine mid-dorsal

seta, longer dorsodistal seta, but no ventral setae; propodus

longer than wide, with one ventral seta, cutting-edge of fixed

finger almost perpendicular to axis of propodus, fixed finger

with one proximal and three distal outer setae, cutting edge

minutely crenulated distally, inner setal row at base of dactylus

of three setae; dactylus with proximal outer seta only.

Pereopod 1 (fig. 3B) coxa naked; basis slender, 5.2 times as

long as wide, naked; ischium compact, naked; merus shorter

than carpus, naked; carpus with one dorsal subdistal seta;

propodus almost as long as carpus and merus together, with

single ventral subdistal seta; dactylus slender with

dorsoproximal setal tuft, extending into longer slender unguis,

the two together some 0.75 times as long as propodus. Pereopod

2 (fig. 3C) similar to pereopod 1, but propodus with two

subdistal setae. Pereopod 3 (fig. 3D) similar to pereopod 2, but

basis with penicillate seta, dactylus with one longer seta in

proximal setal tuft.

Pereopods 4 and 5 (fig. 3E) identical to each other, basis

stouter than on anterior pereopods, 3.9 times as long as wide,

naked; ischium with one ventrodistal seta; merus and carpus

subequal, merus with two minutely denticulate, subdistally

bifurcate ventrodistal spines; carpus with fine outer distal

seta and two minutely denticulate, subdistally bifurcate

ventrodistal spines; propodus with three minutely denticulate

ventrodistal spines and adjacent simple seta; dactylus and

unguis not fused, unguis shorter than dactylus, distally

bifurcate. Pereopod 6 (fig. 3F) as pereopod 5, but propodus

bearing distal marginal microtrichia and only two minutely

denticulate ventrodistal spines.

Pleopods absent.

Uropod as in male.

Description of male. Similar in appearance to but smaller than

female (fig. 1A) (allotype length 1.72 mm), pleon 0.55 times

total body length; cephalothorax 4 times as long as each of

subequal pereonites 1 to 3, pereonite 4 expanded, twice as long

as pereonite 1, pereonite 5 three times as long as pereonite 1,

pereonite 6 just shorter than pereonite 5. Inflated pleonites each

bearing pair of pleopods.

Antennule, antenna, mouth part, cheliped and pereopods

the same as in female.

Pleopods (fig. 3H) biramous; exopod twice as long as wide

with nine setae distally; endopod little shorter than exopod with

one inner seta and 6 setae distally. All setae simple.

Uropod (fig. 3G) compact, biramous, basis wide and naked;

exopod of one segment, half as long as proximal endopod

segment, with one shorter and one longer distal setae; endopod

of two segments, proximal segment as wide as long, naked,

distal segment little shorter than proximal segment, with three

distal setae.

Etymology. Named in honour of Gary Poore (noun in

apposition), in gratitude for all his assistance to both authors

over many years— and for originally introducing us.

Pooreotanais ningaloo sp. nov.

Figs 4-5

Material. Holotype female (Reg WAM 42784), NIN 14C, Ningaloo

Reef front, south of Tintabiddy, Western Australia, 21° 54.505'S 113°

57.963 'E, small and medium rubble in gully, 10 m depth, 15 June 2008.

Paratype: 1 female dissected on slides, 2.1 mm long, (Reg WAM

42785), NIN 5C, Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia, 21° 52.942'S 113°

58.367’E, dead head of coral, 4-5 m depth, 7 June 2008.

Description of female. Body (fig. 4A) glabrous, generally

cylindrical, with cephalothorax and pereonites 1 to 6 slender,

pereonite 6 expanded, and pleon (“abdomen”) grossly inflated;

holotype 2.27 mm long, pleon 1.7 mm long (0.75 times the

length of the whole body). Cephalothorax subrectangular,

wider than long, with slight rostrum, eyelobes and eyes absent.

Six free pereonites; pereonite 1 shortest, 0.24 times as long as

cephalothorax; pereonites 2, 3, 4 and 5 subequal in length, 2.75

times as long as pereonite 1, pereonite 6 expanded, twice as

long as pereonite 5. Pleon of five free subequal pleonites plus

pleotelson, all expanded; pleonites progressively longer,

pleonite 1 about 1.5 times as long as pereonite 6 to pleonite 5

twice as long as pereonite 6; pleotelson stout, rounded, 1.3

times as long as last pleonite.

Antennule (fig. 4B) of four articles; proximal article stout,

1.7 times as long as wide, just shorter than distal three articles

together, with one simple outer distal seta; article 2 just longer

than wide, 0.5 times as long as article 1, with single distal

inner and outer setae; article 3 half length of article 2 with

single distal inner and outer setae; article 4 comparatively

slender, three times as long as wide and 0.7 times as long as

article 2, with six distal setae and one aesthetasc.

Antenna (fig. 4C) of six articles, proximal article compact,

naked; article 2 as long as wide, with dorsodistal seta; article

3 wider than long, 0.75 times as long as article 2, with

dorsodistal seta; article 4 longest, twice as long as article 2,

twice as long as wide, with distinct indication of

pseudoarticulation at mid-length, coincident with one

penicillate seta, distally with three penicillate and three simple

setae; article 5 half as long as article 4 with one long distal

seta; article 6 comparatively minute, one-quarter length of

article 5, with one subdistal and three distal strong setae.

Labrum (fig. 4D) rounded, naked. Left mandible (fig. 4F)

with eight triangular teeth distally on pars incisiva\ lacinia

mobilis a slight, fused tooth; pars molaris not seen; right

mandible (fig. 4E) with five distal triangular teeth, without

lacinia mobilis. Labium (not figured) naked, without palp.

Maxillule (fig. 4G) endite with five distal spines; palp distinct,

unsegmented, with two distal setae. Maxilla (fig. 4G) small,

ovoid, naked. Maxilliped (fig. 4H) palp article 1 naked; article

2 subrectangular, no outer setae, one simple inner seta; article

3 almost as wide as long, with one stout inner simple seta;

M. Bfazewicz-Paszkowycz & R.N. Bamber

Figure 4. Pooreotanais ningaloo gen. et sp. nov., female: A, body laterally; B, antennule; C, antenna; D, labrum; E, right mandible incisor; F, left

mandible incisor; G, maxillule and maxilla; H, maxilliped. Scale lines = 0.1 mm.

A new genus of a new Austral family of paratanaoid tanaidacean (Crustacea: Peracarida: Tanaidacea), with two new species.

Figure 5. Pooreotanais ningaloo gen. et sp. nov., female: A, cheliped outer side; B, pereopod 1; C, pereopod 2; D, pereopod 3; E, uropod; F,

pereopod 5. Scale lines = 0.1 mm

M. Blazewicz-Paszkowycz & R.N. Bamber

article 4 with one shorter and four longer simple distal setae;

basis naked; endites large, naked. Epignath not seen.

Cheliped (fig. 5A) robust, with rounded, elongate basis just

less than twice as long as wide; merus subtriangular with one

ventral seta; carpus just longer than wide, with mid-dorsal seta

and dorsodistal seta, and two ventral setae; propodus longer than

wide, with one ventral seta, cutting-edge of fixed finger almost

perpendicular to axis of propodus, fixed finger with three distal

outer setae, cutting edge minutely crenulated distally, inner setal

row at base of dactylus of one seta; dactylus naked.

Pereopod 1 (fig. 5B) coxa naked; basis slender, 3.8 times as

long as wide, naked; ischium compact, naked; merus shorter

than carpus, both naked; propodus longer than carpus and

merus together, with single ventral subdistal seta and three

dorsodistal setae; dactylus slender, naked, extending into

subequal curved unguis, the two together some 0.6 times as

long as propodus. Pereopod 2 (fig. 5C) similar to pereopod 1,

but coxa with a seta, carpus with one dorsodistal seta, propodus

dorsally with one subdistal seta. Pereopod 3 (fig. 5D) similar

to pereopod 2, but dactylus with one long proximal seta.

Pereopods 4 and 6 missing.

Pereopod 5 (fig. 5F) basis stouter than on anterior

pereopods, 2.8 times as long as wide, naked; merus and carpus

subequal, merus with two minutely denticulate, subdistally

bifurcate slender ventrodistal spines; carpus with fine outer

distal seta and two minutely denticulate, subdistally bifurcate

curved ventrodistal spines; propodus with one minutely

denticulate ventrodistal spines; dactylus and unguis not fused,

unguis less than half as long as dactylus, distally bifurcate.

Pleopods absent.

Uropod (fig. 5E) compact, biramous, basis as wide as long,

naked; exopod of one segment, half as long as proximal

endopod segment, with one shorter and one longer distal setae;

endopod of two segments, proximal segment wide than long,

naked, distal segment 0.6 times as long as proximal segment,

with four distal setae.

Male: unknown.

Etymology. Named after Ningaloo Reef, the type-locality

(noun in apposition).

Remarks. Pooreotanais ningaloo sp. nov. shows the same

features of the coarsely denticulate mandibular incisor and

other mouthpart morphology, leg setation and proportionate

length of expanded pleon as P. gari, and as listed in the diagnosis

of the genus, to which it is accordingly attributed, and by which

it is comfortably distinguished from Mirandotanais vorax.

The present species is equally distinct from P. gari on a

number of features: the pereonites 4 and 5 are not expanded,

but the inflated pleon contributes three-quarters of the body-

length (two-thirds in P. gari); the pleotelson is longer than any

pleonites (shorter in P. gari); the articles of the antennule and

antenna are more compact, and the pseudoarticulation of the

antennal article 4 is not found in P. gari; there are fewer distal

spines on the maxillule endite, fewer teeth on the mandibular

incisor, fewer inner setae on the maxilliped palp article 1,

conversely one inner seta on the article 2 (none in P. gari);

there are also subtle differences in the (sparse) setation of the

cheliped and pereopods.

Discussion

The three species discussed above show a consistent but

aberrant morphology in the extreme inflation of the pleon,

including to some degree the posterior pleonites. A

proportionately overlarge and cylindrical pleon is also found

in Cetiopyge Larsen & Heard, 2002, Collettea Lang, 1973 and

Filitanais Kudinova-Pasternak, 1973, although only the first

of these genera shows such gross inflation (albeit laterally

compressed), the pleon of the other two rather being uniformly

cylindrical with the pereon and cephalothorax. These genera

also show a similar morphology of the reduced, stout uropods,

of the number and proportions of antennular and antennal

articles (although Cetiopyge has a small fifth antennule article),

and of the reduced setation of the maxilliped, the cheliped and

(other than Cetiopyge) the pereopods. Other than the structure

of the pars molaris, Collettea and Filitanais also have a similar

mandibular morphology to Mirandotanais vorax, although

not to either species of Pooreotanais.

The discovery of two further species in the family

Mirandotanaidae sheds no further light on the reasons for their

unusual gross morphology. Their habitats range from coral and

coral rubble, to sand and muddy sand, without any suggestion of

common sympatric taxa which may offer a food resource or a

host; while the inference of tubicoly from Sieg’s (1986b)

material (see above) conflicts with Kusakin and Tzareva’s

(1974) idea of parasitism, the dactyli and ungues of the pereopods

1 do not appear adapted for secretion for tube-building, being

hardly different from those of pereopods 2 or 3.

When considering possibly analogous morphologies

outside the Tanaidacea, gnathiid isopods (and termites!)

develop a grossly-inflated “abdomen” for the development of

eggs in the female, but this is not the case in these tanaidaceans,

as the same morphology is shown by the mature male (and

tanaidacean gonads extend through the pereon as well).

Equally, the pleon inflation is not shown by the juvenile stages

(e.g. Kusakin and Tzareva, 1974: fig. 1.4; Sieg, 1984: fig. 3), so

it is a feature of sexual maturity. Sieg (1986b) found 52 “brood-

pouch embryos” of Mirandotanais vorax with a female in an

Antarctic sample at 60-90 m depth, implying a comparatively

high fecundity for a tanaidomorph tanaidacean, so maximized

gamete production may be the reason for the inflated pleon. If

this were the case, histological examination of the gonads/

gametes of a mature male (and in comparison with, for

example, a male Collettea) would prove most revealing.

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Gary Poore and Robin Wilson for

collecting material in the Bass Strait and to Jacek Sicinski for

collecting material in the Admiralty Bay. The senior author is

grateful to Julian Caley and Shawn Smith (Australian Institute

of Marine Sciences) for support during the C-Reefs Program

(sponsored by BHP Billiton in partnership with the Great

Barrier Reef Foundation and the Australian Institute of Marine

Science). The senior author also thanks Niel Bruce for his

essential assistance during SCUBA diving. T he re search has

been financed by EU Marie Curie Grant OIF

040613 -DiPoT and by grant MNiSW 507/040057.

A new genus of a new Austral family of paratanaoid tanaidacean (Crustacea: Peracarida: Tanaidacea), with two new species.

This paper is dedicated to Gary Poore.

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Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 17-24 (2009)

ISSN 1447-2546 (Print) 1447-2554 (On-line)

http://museumvictoria.com.au/About/Books-and-Journals/Journals/Memoirs-of-Museum-Victoria

Acutiserolis poorei sp. nov. from the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas, Southern

Ocean (Crustacea, Isopoda, Serolidae)

Angelika Brandt

Angelika Brandt, Zoological Museum of the University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg,

Germany (Rachael.King@samuseum.sa.gov.au)

Abstract Brandt, A. 2009. Acutiserolis poorei sp. nov. from the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas, Southern Ocean (Crustacea,

Isopoda, Serolidae). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 17-24.

Acutiserolis poorei sp. nov., is described from the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas, Southern Ocean. Comparison

with the type material of the most similar species, Acutiserolis spinosa (Kussakin, 1967) revealed that A. poorei may be

distinguished from A. spinosa by broader eyes, less acute and slightly shorter coxal plates and the small tubercles that are

irregularly scattered on the dorsal surface. Additionally, no suture divides the fifth coxal plate and the head has a prominent

mediocaudal spine reaching to the middle of the third pereonite; the appendix masculina is considerably shorter than that

of A. spinosa, while the pleotelson of A. poorei is covered with some small tubercles and the mediocaudal tip is slightly

more prominent than that of A. spinosa.

Keywords taxonomy, Isopoda, Serolidae, new species, Acutiserolis poorei. Southern Ocean

Introduction

The first significant change from the simplistic serolid

taxonomy was the establishment of several new genera by

Brandt (1988) including Acutiserolis. This was recently revised

by Poore & Storey (2009) and Cuspidoserolis Brandt, 1988

synonymised with Acutiserolis. Poore & Storey (2009) presented

an updated and extensive generic diagnosis.

A new species has been sampled in the Amundsen and

Bellingshausen Seas, faunistically a yet unknown area of the

Southern Ocean, from onboard of the British RV James Clarke

Ross. It is described in the present paper.

Material and methods

During the BIOPEARL II ( Bio diversity. Phytogeny, Evolution

and Adaptive Radiation of Life in Antarctica) expedition in

2008 with RV James Clarke Ross (JR 179, for location data

see Kaiser et ah, 2009), megabenthic fauna from the shelf of

the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas was sampled using an

Agassiz trawl fitted with a net of mesh size 1 cm. All specimens

of the species described here came from approximately 1500

m depth.

The sampled fauna was fixed in 96% ethanol. In the

laboratory, megabenthic isopods of the BIOPEARL 2

expedition were kept in ethanol permanently and dissected,

identified and illustrated using a Leica MZ12 stereomicroscope

equipped with a camera lucida.

Abbreviations used in text and figures:

Al, 2— antennula, antenna; Hy,— hypopharynx; lMd, rMd,—

left and right mandible; Mp,— mandibular palp; Mxl,

2,— maxillula, maxilla; Mxp,— maxilliped; PI-7,— pereopods

1-7; Plpl-5,— pleopods 1-5; urp,— uropods

Taxonomy

Sphaeromatidea Wagele, 1989

Serolidae Dana, 1853

Genus Acutiserolis Brandt, 1988

Acutiserolis Brandt, 1988: 21; 1991: 131, 139.— Poore & Storey,

2009: 2-9.

Cuspidoserolis Brandt, 1988: 23-24.— Brandt, 1991: 131,

138-139—. Wagele, 1994: 52, 59-60.

Serolis {Acutiserolis). -Wagele, 1994: 53, 60. Not Acutiserolis.

-Poore & Brandt, 1997: 152-160 (= Brucerolis Poore & Storey,

2009).

Type species. Acutiserolis spinosa (Kussakin, 1967) (Brandt, 1988 by

original designation).

Generic remarks. The genus diagnosis of Acutiserolis Brandt,

1988 had been referred to by Poore and Brandt in 1997 and

recently been revised by Poore and Storey (2009) who have

designated Cuspidoserolis to be a junior synonym of

Acutiserolis. As Poore and Storey provided a very extensive

A. Brandt

generic diagnosis of Acutiserolis, their concept is followed here

except for the fact that pereonite 6 is dorsally not fused with 7

and pleonite 1 because in A. poorei at least a suture line of the

segment is clearly visible.

Acutiserolis poorei sp. nov. (figs. 1-4)

Holotype. Female of 24 mm length, 13.03.2008, RV James Clarke Ross,

Amundsen Sea, Pine Island Bay slope, 71°15'S 109°98'E, 1515-1530 m

depth, ZMH-K 42212.

Paratypes. male of 28 mm length, female of 22 mm length (laterally

partly damaged), and female (damaged after pereonite 3, anterior part

only), 27.02.2006, RV James Clarke Ross, Bellingshausen Sea, northwest

of Alexander Island, 68°38'S 75° 87'E, 1469-1497 m depth

ZMH-K-42213; female of 24 mm length, two Manca II of 19 mm each,

13.03.2008, RV James Clarke Ross, Amundsen Sea, Pine Island Bay

slope, 71°15'S 109°97'E, 1515-1530 m depth, ZMH-K-42214.

Diagnosis. Head with long mediocaudal acuminating spine

reaching mid of third pereonite in dorsal view. Eyes 0.3 as

broad as long, dorsal side of body with scattered tubercles on

all pereonites, pleonites and pleotelson. Tips of coxal plates not

quite as acute, but shorter and less curved coxal plates laterally

to their pereomers. The coxal plates were directed caudally to

a larger extent than in the type species. Pereonites 6 and 7 not

fused mediodorsally or medioventrally. Uropods inserted

within proximolateral caudally directed notch (smaller and less

distinct than in the type species). Male appendix masculina

twice as long as endopodite (possibly the male is subadult).

Pleotelson covered with some small spine -like tubercles and

caudally rounded, mediocaudal tip is slightly acute (slightly

more than that of A. spinosa).

Distribution. Amundsen Sea and Bellingshausen Sea.

Etymology. Named after Gary Poore, who loves to work with

Serolidae and related species. Besides being a very good

isopodologist he is a very good friend.

Description of female holotype (fig. 1) and paratype (fig. 2):

Anterolateral angles of head slightly elongate laterally (fig. 1);

head frontally slightly narrower than mediocaudally. Two

shallow rounded elevations on head, sculptured by small

concave and small convex structures, a mediocaudal spine

reaching mid of third pereonite. Body surface irregularly

covered with tubercles (only illustrated on pleotelson). Sixth

coxal plate longest, slightly less than half as long as the length

of the animal, measured from head to pleotelson. The epimera

of the second and third pleonites do not reach as far back as the

apex of the sixth coxal plate, and also do not surpass the

pleotelson (they reach about two thirds of pleotelsonic length),

first pleonite with slightly longer epimera than second. Pereonite

7 small, without coxal plates. Pereonites 2-4, and 7 with

caudolateral small spines, strongest and most pronounced in

pereonite 7, pleonites 2 and 3 also with caudolateral small

spines. Pleotelson with one long elevated medial keel and

proximolateral triangular elevations on each side of this keel,

tips caudally directed. Pleotelson with two small shallow

frontolateral spines and small spines and tubercles scattered on

dorsal surface. Tip of pleotelson slightly acuminating (fig. 1).

A1 of paratype female (fig. 2): second peduncular article

about twice as long as first one, third one longest, first and

second article with small feather-like seta. 47 flagellar articles;

first flagellar article longest. From flagellar articles 15 to last

but one article one aestetasc each and 1-3 long simple setae.

Last flagellar article without aesthetasc, but with 6 simple

setae and one feather-like seta.

A2 of paratype female (fig. 2) with 19 flagellar articles.

First peduncular article very short; second peduncular article

slightly longer than third without setae; third article with few

mediodistal and lateral short setules; fourth peduncular article

little shorter than fifth, but slightly broader, with several

longitudinal rows of groups of 5-7 simple setae; fifth

peduncular article also with groups of setae. All 20 flagellar

articles with groups of 1-4 distolateral simple setae and one

on opposite side.

P2 of paratype female (fig. 2) basis bearing three feather-

like setae, and long ischium with only distal simple setae.

Merus 0.5 of ischium and 0.9 of carpus, carpus with some

ventral simple setae and some distodorsal ones. Propodus

proximally as broad as distally. Ventrally the propodus bears

rows of long simple setae. Dactylus 0.4 as long as propodus,

with short dorsal setules, a short and small claw.

Additional description of paratype male (figs 1-4).

Mandibles of paratype male (fig. 2): Pars incisiva of rMd

narrower than of left. Lacinia mobilis of rMd much smaller

and narrower than pars incisiva, one tooth accompanied by a

small, similarly long blunt, spine -like structure, pars molaris

lacking. First palp article as broad as second, second one

longest (slightly longer than first), with a distolateral row of

more than 27 spines. Last article shortest and laterally bent,

with a ventral row of smooth spines (detail in fig. 2). Pars

incisiva of lMd (fig. 2) 1.2 as broad as of rMd, with broad

cutting surface and one shallow incision, lacinia mobilis with

one broad surface and accompanied by a single spine (rudiment

of the spine row), pars molaris absent.

Lateral endite of Mxl of paratype male (fig. 2) distally

curved medially, apically with 10 strong cuticularized teeth.

Medial endite small rudiment, with one short apical seta.

Mx2 of paratype male (fig. 2): Inner endite with many

slender setae, median endite with two long setae, outer endite

also with two long setae: setae of median and outer endite

setulated at tips (detail in fig. 2).

Mxp of paratype male (fig. 2) with large quadrangular

epipodite, strong endite, 1.3 as long as epipodite. Endite

apically with two strong spines, no coupling hooks present, but

mediolateral surface of endite covered with simple setules and

setae. Palp usual.

PI of paratype male (fig. 3): Basis to merus without any

spines or setae, carpus with two strong sensory spines.

Mediolateral surface of propodus with one long row of sensory

spines, the sensory seta divides the spine distally. Alternating

to these sensory spines shorter and broader ones occur, which

are densely covered with small setules and which also bear a

sensory seta with a distal pore. Dactylus with small and short

dactylar claw.

P2 of paratype male (fig. 3) with long basis and ischium,

ischium with few simple setae. Merus and carpus about subequal

in length with some ventral simple setae and some distodorsal

Acutiserolis poorei sp. nov. from the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas, Southern Ocean (Crustacea, Isopoda, Serolidae)

Figure 1. Acutiserolis poorei sp. nov., holotype female in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) view, pleotelson of paratype male (C) and ventral part of paratype

male (D).

A. Brandt

Figure 2 Acutiserolis poorei sp. nov., paratype female, head ventrally (A); paratype male, incisor of left and right mandible and mandibular palp,

maxillula and maxilla; paratype female, antennula, antenna, pereopod 2 and pleopod 2.

Acutiserolis poorei sp. nov. from the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas, Southern Ocean (Crustacea, Isopoda, Serolidae)

Figure 3 Acutiserolis poorei sp. nov., paratype male, pereopods 1-5, pereopod 7.

A. Brandt

Figure 4 Acutiserolis poorei sp. nov., paratype male, pereopod 6, pleopods 1-5, uropod.

Acutiserolis poorei sp. nov. from the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas, Southern Ocean (Crustacea, Isopoda, Serolidae)

Figure 5. Photograph of Acutiserolis spinosa (Kussakin, 1967) (Zoological Museum of St. Petersburg) # 46416, holotype male of 32 mm

length.

ones. Propodus only 1.1 broadened in the lower part, about as

broad as a third of the length of the propodus, distally narrower.

Propodus with three rows of long simple setae in distal third of

the article besides distally setulated proximal ones. Dactylus

less than half as long as propodus, with three dorsal setules, a

short and small claw as well as a short ventral setule.

P3-7 of paratype male (figs. 3, 4) similar, P7 shortest. Long

basis with 0-3 feather-like setae. Ischium 0.6-0. 8 as long as

basis with only very few short simple setae, especially distally,

distodorsally a simple seta. Ventrally few setae present on

ischium and some more on merus, most on carpus and propodus.

Distodorsally of merus, carpus, and propodus a transverse row

of long simple setae, most on carpus and propodus. Distodorsal

region of propodus similar to that of carpus, but with longer and

more simple setae. Dactylus very small and slender, only

slightly longer than the distal setae of the propodus, with a very

short apical claw and 1-3 short setules.

Plpl of paratype male (fig. 4) sympodite bearing three

proximomedially setulated setae, distally of these setae a

setulated tuft (similar to a brush). Endopodite smaller than

exopodite.

Plp2 of paratype male (fig. 4) with sympodite similar to

that of Plpl, slightly smaller and only with two proximomedial

setae. Appendix masculina about twice as long as endopodite,

with short and blunt medial spine-like structures.

Plp3 of paratype male (fig. 4) similar to Plpl, bearing two

proximomedially setulated setae. Endopodite smaller and

more rounded than exopodite.

Exopodite of Plp4 of paratype male (fig. 4) medially with

transverse fusion line, with a lateral row of short marginal

plumose setae. Endopodite smaller without setae; sympodite

very short, quadrangular, few medial setae.

Plp5 of paratype male (fig. 4) with short sympodite

(damaged during dissection, not illustrated). Exopodite with 2

short distal plumose setae, endopodite smooth, as long as

exopodite, both rami with transverse fusion line.

Urp of paratype male (fig. 4) with elongate trapezoidal

sympodite, bearing a mediodistal simple seta. Exopodite 0.6

length of endopodite, both rami with short distal and

mediolateral marginal, plumose setae, more on endopodite.

Remarks. Acutiserolis poorei sp. nov. can easily be distinguished

from other species of the genus by the long mediocaudal

acuminating spine on head reaching mid of third pereonite in

dorsal view. The dorsal side of body bears scattered tubercles on

all pereonites, pleonites and pleotelson, but much less than in A.

luethjei (Wagele, 1986). Pereonites 6 and 7 not fused

mediodorsally in A. poorei which is most similar to the type

species Acutiserolis spinosa (Kussakin 1967) sampled at Ob-

station, Scott Island, Pacific Ocean (67°21'S; 179° 53'E) between

500-900 m depth. Three specimens were collected in the

Bellingshausen Sea and another four from the slope of Pine

Island Bay, Amundsen Sea. The new species can be

distinguished from A. spinosa in having less acute, shorter and

less curved coxal plates, scattered tubercles on the dorsal

surface (only illustrated on pleotelson) which are lacking in A.

spinosa being characterised by a smooth dorsal surface.

Moreover, A. poorei has a mediocaudal spine of the head which

reaches to mid of third pereonites and not of second pereonite

as in A. spinosa. Like in A. spinosa, no suture divided the coxal

plates of the fifths coxa from the body in A. poorei which is

visible at pereomers 2 to 4, however, the male appendix

A. Brandt

masculina of A. poorei is shorter than that of A. spinosa

(however, this could be due to the fact that we might have

sampled only a sub-adult male). The comparison of the type of

A. spinosa revealed some slight differences to the photographs

presented by Poore and Storey (2009) (figure 5) with regard to

the length of the pereonites and the strength of the dorsal spines.

In fact the types have been sampled at 67°S, whereas the material

Poore & Storey (2009) use for their description is from 65°S.

Acutiserolis gerlachei (Monod, 1925) has an acuminating

pleotelson with a frontomedial elevation which is lacking in A.

poorei. A. johnstoni (Hale, 1952), has broader and stronger

coxal plates with a much narrower gap between lateral epimers

and the head is caudally diagonally acuminating and extending

into a very long and acute spine, in A. poorei the lateral margin

of the head is more rounded.

Held (2003) documented that Ceratoserolis trilobitoides

(Eights, 1833) consists of several cryptic species and Bruce

(2009) showed that Caecoserolis novaecaledoniae (Poore &

Brandt, 1997) was a species complex of five species several of

which were sympatrically occurring. Future genetic analyses

might reveal further surprises with regard to cryptic species

also within the genus Acutiserolis.

Acknowledgements

The author is very grateful to Dr. Katrin Linse, British

Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, for making the precious material

from the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas available, to

Moritz Stabler who sorted the material in the framework of his

Bachelor thesis, to Niel Bruce and an anonymous reviewer

who kindly commented on an earlier version of the manuscript,

and to Jo Taylor for all the hard work with regard to this special

volume. The discussion with Niel Bruce helped to revise the

manuscript considerably. Drs. Stella Vassilenko and Boris

Sirenko are thanked for access to the type material for

comparison and for the photograph of A. spinosa.

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am Beispiel der Isopoda (Crustacea, Malacostraca). Berichte zur

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Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 25-34 (2009)

ISSN 1447-2546 (Print) 1447-2554 (On-line)

http://museumvictoria.com.au/About/Books-and-Journals/Journals/Memoirs-of-Museum-Victoria

Plesiomenaeus poorei gen. nov., sp nov., (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pontoniinae) from

X ^ ibar

A.J. Bruce

Crustacea Section, Queensland Museum, P.O. Box 3300, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101 Australia, e-mail: abruce@

broad.net.au

Abstract Bruce, A.J. 2009. Plesiomenaeus poorei gen. nov., sp nov., (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pontoniinae) from Zanzibar. Memoirs

of Museum Victoria 66: 25-34.

A new genus, Plesiomenaeus, is designated for a new species of sponge associated pontoniine shrimp, P. poorei,

from Zanzibar, which is described and illustrated. The new genus resembles Periclimenaeus Borradaile, from which it is

distinguished particularly by the lack of a molar process and fossa on the fingers of the major second pereiopod.

Plesiomenaeus poorei also closely resembles Periclimenaeus bouvieri (Nobili) and the relationship is discussed.

Keywords Plesiomenaeus poorei gen. nov., sp. nov., Crustacea: Decapoda: Pontoniinae, sponge associate, Zanzibar.

Introduction

Recent re-examination of some specimens from Zanzibar,

provisionally identified as Periclimenaeus ? sp. nov., indicated

that they were not members of the genus Periclimenaeus

Borradaile, 1915, sensu stricto, as the fingers of the major

second pereiopod lacked the characteristic features of the

second pereiopod of that genus, in which the fingers are

provided with a dactylar molar process and opposing fossa on

the fixed finger. The specimens could not be referred to any

other pontoniine genus and a new genus is now designated for

their reception. The new species resembles very closely the

species Typton bouvieri described from Djibouti by Nobili

(1904, 1906) and also reported from Suez by Balss (1927).

There have been no subsequent reports of Nobili’s species,

which was transferred to the genus Periclimenaeus Borradaile,

1915, by Holthuis (1952). Holthuis, when examining the five

syntypes, noted that the major second pereiopod dactyl has the

cutting edge provided with “a strong hammer shaped tooth

fitting into a cavity on the fixed finger”, clearly indicating that

T. bouvieri is correctly placed in Periclimenaeus Borradaile.

Abbreviations used: CL, postorbital carapace length;

NMV, National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne: MNHN,

Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. RMNH,

Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum-Naturalis, Leiden;

OUMNH, Oxford University Museum of Natural History,

Oxford; QM, Queensland Museum, Brisbane.

2 ystematic Account

FAMILY PALAEMONIDAE Rafinesque, 1815

Subfamily Pontoniinae Kingsley, 1878

Plesiomenaeus gen. nov.

Diagnosis Rostrum greatly reduced, compressed, uni-dentate,

carapace without supraorbital, epigastric, hepatic or antennal

spines, inferior orbital angle acute, first abdominal tergite

without anteromedian lobe, pleura rounded, telson with two

pairs of small dorsal spines, three pairs of posterior marginal

spines, scaphocerite reduced, labrum normal, mandible without

palp, maxillipeds with flagella slender, with four long, plumose

terminal setae, maxilla with basal endite simple, third

maxilliped with ischiomerus and basis fused, coxa without

arthrobranch, fourth thoracic sternite without median process,

first pereiopod chela with fingers subspatulate, cutting edges

entire, dactyl with tridentate tip, medial and lateral teeth

denticulate, fixed finger distally bidentate, second pereiopods

well developed, unequal, similar, major dactyl fingers simple,

without molar process and fossa, minor fingers non-shearing,

ambulatory pereiopods robust, third propod most slender, fifth

propod stoutest, dactyls simply biunguiculate, uropodal propod

unarmed, exopod of uropod with distolateral tooth and spine.

Type species. Plesiomenaeus poorei sp. nov., by present

selection and monotypy.

Etymology. From plesios (Greek) near, and part of the name

Periclimenaeus, first used by Borradaile (1915), as the shrimp

was initially identified as a strange Periclimenaeus. Gender

masculine.

Systematic position. The genus Plesiomenaeus most closely

resembles the genus Periclimenaeus Borradailel915, type

species Periclimenaeus robustus Borradaile, 1915 (re-

described by Bruce, 2005). In this species a marked thickening

A. J. Bruce

of the posterior three fifths of the second pereiopod dactylar

cutting edge is distinctly demarcated from the swollen base of

the dactyl (Bruce, 2005, fig. 2C). This thickened portion is less

developed than in several other species of the genus where it

forms the typical posteriorly and anteriorly demarcated molar

tooth, with a large well delineated opposing socket on the

fixed finger. In P. robustus, and other species of Periclimenaeus,

the occlusal surface of this thickened portion is distinctly

flattened. In Periclimenaeus, and many other pontoniine

genera, the proximal occlusal end of the dactyl is normally

swollen and quite distinct from the molar process which is

developed on the intermediate portion of the cutting edge (see

fig, 4J, Periclimeaeus gorgonidarum (Balss), Wilson Island,

Queensland, 6.0 m, coll. N.L. Bruce, 28 August 1980, AJB

3106, QM W28914). In contrast, in Plesiomenaeus there is no

trace of a molar process in this position. The proximal dactyl

is swollen and articulates in a deep longitudinal depression in

the proximal fixed finger but this lacks a defined anterior

margin and does not form a socket. In Plesiomenaeus the

second pereiopod chelae are similar but differing in size, in

contrast in Periclimenaeus they are of different morphology.

Plesiomenaeus also lacks the anteromedian lobe on the dorsal

margin of the first abdominal tergite conspicuous in P.

robustus.

Plesiomenaeus poorei sp. nov.

Figures 1-7

Material examined. 1 ovig. ?, holotype, Chukwani, Unguja, Zanzibar,

6° 13' 60"S 30° 13' 00"E, 0.1m at low water spring tide, 4 December

1960, coll. A.J. Bruce, #271, NMV J59993. 1 S, allotype, idem, NMV

J59994. Ovig. ?, dissected, idem, NMV J59995. 1 S, 1 ovig. ?,

paratypes, idem, MNHN-Nal7209. 1 S, 1 ovig. 9, paratypes, idem,

QM W28956. 1 S, 1 ovig. 9, paratypes, idem, OUMNH.

ZC. 2009-12-001. 1 <5, 1 ovig. 9, paratypes, idem, RMNH D 53113.

Diagnosis. With the characters of the genus. Very short rostrum

generally with single dorsal tooth only, proximal segment of

antennular peduncle distolaterally rounded, without acute tooth,

ventral border of second pereiopod merus non-tuberculate.

Description. A stoutly built shrimp of subcylindrical body

form (fig. 1).

Rostrum (fig. 6A) very short, about 0.06 of CL, compressed,

triangular, acute, with singe acute dorsal tooth, carapace (fig.

2A) smooth, without supraorbital, epigastric, hepatic or

antennal spines, inferior orbital angle (fig. 2B) acute,

pterygostomial angle strongly produced, rounded.

Abdomen smooth, first segment without anterior median

dorsal lobe, pleura rounded, sixth segment (fig. 2C) depressed,

about 0.24 of CL, with small subacute posterolateral tooth and

much larger, acute posteroventral tooth; telson (fig. 2D) about

0.35 of CL, 2.15 times longer than anterior width, lateral

margins slightly convex, tapering posteriorly, posterior margin

rounded (figs 2E, 6J) two pairs of small submarginal dorsal

spines, about 0.08 of telson length, anterior pair at 0.65 of

telson length, posterior pair at about 0.96 (see Remarks), with

three pairs of marginal spines, lateral spines similar to dorsal

spines, intermediate spines about 0.1 of telson length,

submedian spines more slender, finely setulose, about 0.8 of

intermediate spine length.

Antennule (fig. 2F) with proximal segment of peduncle

(fig. 2G) about twice as long as proximal width, lateral margin

straight, non-setose, without ventromedial tooth, lateral

margin angular, distolateral angle rounded (fig. 6B) with 1-2

short plumose setae, sometimes acute, stylocerite acute,

projecting laterally, reaching to about half segment length,

statocyst poorly developed, without statolith, intermediate and

distal segments short and broad, combined length about 0.4 of

proximal segment length, upper flagellum short, biramous,

with proximal 8 segments fused, short free ramus with single

long segment, with 2 groups of aesthetascs, longer free ramus

with 5 slender segments, lower flagellum short, filiform with

10 segments.

Antenna (fig. 2H) with carpocerite subcylindrical, about 3.0

times longer than wide, basicerite robust, without lateral tooth,

with large rounded protuberant antennal gland process medially;

scaphocerite (fig. 21) small, subequal to carpocerite length,

about 2.7 times longer than wide, distally rounded, lateral

margin straight with small acute distal tooth, at about 0.9 of

scaphocerite length, well short of margin of lamella, distal and

medial margins with numerous short plumose setae.

Epistome unarmed, without special features.

Eye, (fig. 2J), with hemispherical cornea, well pigmented,

diameter about 0.13 of CL, without accessory ocellus, stalk

globular, about 1.1 times longer than wide.

Mandible (fig. 3A) small, without palp, molar process (fig.

6D) subcylindrical, tapering distally, distally obliquely

truncate with two small teeth and numerous rows of short

spiniform setae, incisor process small (fig. 6E) narrow, distally

rounded with three small acute teeth laterally, two smaller

teeth medially.

Maxillula (fig. 3B) with bilobed palp (fig. 6F), upper lobe

larger than lower, lower tapering with distal tubercle with

short slender terminal seta, upper lacinia (fig. 6G) short and

broad, upper margin emarginate, distal margin broadly

truncate with about 16 short simple spines and scattered setae,

lower lacinia tapering distally with six terminal spines and

numerous spiniform setae.

Maxilla (fig. 3C) with simple tapering palp, with few short

plumose setae proximo-laterally, basal endite simple, short

and broad, with 10 slender sparsely setulose terminal setae,

coxal endite obsolete, medial margin broadly rounded, non-

setose, scaphognathite well developed, about 2.6 times longer

than wide, anterior lobe as long as wide, medial margin

concave, posterior lobe about 0.8 of anterior lobe length.

First maxilliped (fig. 3D) with palp (fig. 6H) about 2.5

times longer than wide, distally rounded, with two preterminal

feebly setulose setae disto-medially, basal and coxal endites

fused, distally rounded medial margin straight, with numerous

slender sparsely setulose marginal setae, exopod with well

developed caridean lobe, flagellum slender with four long

plumose terminal setae, epipod well developed, bilobed.

Second maxilliped (fig. 3E) with endopod normally

developed, dactylar segment about 3.4 times longer than broad,

medial margin with numerous long slender coarsely setulose

or finely denticulate spines, propodal segment distomedially

Plesiomenaeus poorei, gen. nov., sp. nov., Pontoniinae, from Zanzibar

Figure 1. Plesiomenaeus poorei gen. nov., sp., ovig. ?. Holotype, NMV J59993, Scale bar in millimetres.

produced, with numerous long slender sparsely setulose

marginal spines, proximal endopod segments normal, basis

with slender flagellum, coxa with small suboval epipod,

without podobranch.

Third maxilliped (fig. 3F) with ischiomerus and basis fully

fused, combined segment about 3.0 times longer than maximal

width, tapering distally, medial margin straight with numerous

long slender simple setae, carpus subcylindrical, half ischiomerus-

basis length, 4.0 times longer than wide, with numerous spiniform

setae medially, distal segment missing in dissected specimen,

exopod with slender flagellum, slightly exceeding distal merus,

with four major plumose terminal setae (broken off in dissected

specimen), coxal with well developed low rounded lateral plate,

without arthrobranch. Paragnaths (fig. 6C) deeply bilobed.

Thoracic sternites unarmed, narrowest at fourth and fifth

segment levels and broadening anteriorly and posteriorly.

First pereiopod (fig. 4A) short, robust, chela (fig. 4B) with

palm 1.5 times longer than deep, compressed, with numerous

short simple cleaning setae proximo -ventral ly, fingers

subspatulate, with numerous groups of short simple setae,

cutting edges entire, dactyl with tridentate tip (fig. 61) medial

and lateral teeth posteriorly tuberculate, fixed finger distally

deeply bidentate (fig. 61) simple; carpus 0.59 of chela length,

2.9 times longer than distal width, with transverse row of distal

marginal cleaning setae with 3 long distoventral setae; merus

1.3 times longer than chela, 5.7 times longer than wide,

uniform, slightly bowed; ischium 0.33 of chela length, 0.28 of

meral length, basis subequal to ischial length; coxa robust,

without ventral process, with dorsal flange.

Second pereiopods well developed, unequal, similar,

fingers up-curved. Major chela (fig. 4C) length subequal to

CL, palm smooth, oval in section, about 2.1 times longer than

A. J. Bruce

Figure 2. Plesiomenaeus poorei gen. nov., sp., ovig. 9 . NMV J59994. A, carapace and rostrum. B, anterior carapace and rostrum. C, sixth

abdominal segment, lateral. D, telson. E, same, posterior spines, dorsal spine inset. F, antennule. G, same, proximal segment. H,. antenna. I,

scaphocerite. J, eye. K, uropod.

deep, tapering distally, distal width about 0.6 of maximal

width, non-setose; fingers (fig. 4CDE) 0.25 of palm length,

dactyl about 3.0 times longer than proximal depth, dorsal

margin convex, with strong acute tip, cutting edge without

molar process, unarmed, feebly convex, entire, sharp, fixed

finger about 1.8 times longer than proximal depth, ventral

margin convex, with acute tip distally, occlusal edge

longitudinally grooved throughout length with deep depression

proximally, dorsal margin with bluntly triangular tooth

proximal ly, with sharp entire cutting edge, ventral cutting

edge similar, without proximal tooth, carpus robust, about 0.4

of palm length, distally expanded, 1.5 times longer than distal

width, tapering strongly proximally, unarmed, merus about

0.5 of palm length, 3.0 times longer than wide, unarmed,

ventrally non-tuberculate; ischium 0.8 of merus length, 0.4 of

palm length, 2.4 times longer than distal width, tapering

proximally, unarmed, basis and coxa robust, without special

features. Minor second pereiopod chela (fig. 4G) similar to

major chela, subequal to palm length of major chela, palm 3.5

times longer than depth, tapering slightly distally, fingers (fig.

Plesiomenaeus poorei, gen. nov., sp. nov., Pontoniinae, from Zanzibar

Figure 3. Plesiomenaeus poorei gen. nov., sp., ovig. 9 . NMV J59994. A, mandible. B, maxillula. C, maxilla. D, first maxilliped. E, second

maxilliped. F, third maxilliped (terminal segment of endopod missing).

4H) 0.25 of palm length, similar to major chela, carpus 0.33 of

palm length, 2.0 times longer than distal width; proximal

segments as for major chela but smaller.

Third ambulatory pereiopod (fig. 41) moderately slender,

reaching beyond carpocerite by propod and dactyl; dactyl short,

stout, compressed, about 0.12 of propod length, unguis well

developed, curved, 2.2 times longer than basal width, 0.33 of

corpus length, unarmed, corpus 1.2 times longer than proximal

depth, with dorsal margin strongly convex, ventral margin

sinuous, distally concave, sharp, unarmed, with acute distal

accessory tooth, about 0.5 of unguis length, with several simple

ventral sensory setae; propod about 0.3 of CL, 5.5 times longer

than proximal width, tapering distally, distal width 0.66 of

proximal width, with three stout spines distally, medial, lateral

and ventral, medial spine longest, 3.7 times longer than basal

width, projecting beyond dorsal margin of flexed dactyl, ventral

spine shortest, 0.8 of medial spine length, ventral margin of

propod otherwise without spines; carpus 0.8 of propod length,

4.0 times longer than distal width, slightly tapering proximally,

unarmed; merus subequal to propod length, 3.4 times longer

A. J. Bruce

Figure 4. Plesiomenaeus poorei gen. nov., sp., ovig. ? holotype, NMV J59993. A, first pereiopod. B, same, chela. C, major second pereiopod, D,

same, fingers, lateral. E, same, medial. F, same, oblique. G, minor second pereiopod, chela and carpus. H, same, fingers. I, third pereiopod. J,

Periclimenaeus gorgonidarum (Balss), QM W28914, major second pereiopod dactyl.

Plesiomenaeus poorei, gen. nov., sp. nov., Pontoniinae, from Zanzibar

Figure 5. Plesiomenaeus poorei gen. nov., sp., ovig. 9. NMV J59994. A, third pereiopod, propod and dactyl. B, same, distal propod and dactyl,.

C, fourth pereiopod, propod and dactyl. D, same, distal propod and dactyl. E, fifth pereiopod, propod and dactyl. F, same, distal propod and

dactyl.

A. J. Bruce

Figure 6. Plesiomenaeus poorei gen. nov., sp., ovig. 9. NMV J59994. A, rostrum. B, antenna, distolateral angle of proximal segment. C, paragnath,

D, mandible, molar process. E, same, incisor process. F, maxillula, palp. G, same upper lacinia. H, first maxilliped, palp. I, first pereiopod chela,

finger tips. J, telson, posterior margin. K, uropod, distolateral exopod.

than wide, unarmed; ischium 0.55 of propod length, twice as

long as distal width, tapering proximally, unarmed; basis and

coxa without special features. Fourth pereiopod similar, propod

subequal in length but more swollen, 3.6 times longer than

proximal depth, maximal width 3.0 times distal width, with

shorter, more slender medial, lateral and ventral spines, dactyl

with corpus 1.6 times longer than proximal depth, unguis 0.2 of

corpus length, accessory tooth smaller. Fifth pereiopod similar,

propod subequal in length but propod more swollen than fourth,

3.2 times longer than proximal depth, maximal width 2.8 times

distal width, with single small ventral spine and numerous

distoventral setae, dactyl about 0.12 of propod length, with

corpus 1.5 times longer than proximal depth, unguis 0.2 of

corpus length, accessory tooth smaller.

First pleopod (fig. 1C) male paratype (CL 3.4mm) with

protopod about 2.5 times longer than broad, exopod subequal

to protopod length, 5.0 times longer than wide with numerous

plumose marginal setae, endopod, 0.7 of exopod length, 5.0

times longer than proximal width, tapering distally, without

medial accessory lobe, with numerous, about 20, simple

spiniform setae scattered along medial border. Second pleopod

(fig. 7D) with protopod 2.0 times longer than wide, greatest

Plesiomenaeus poorei, gen. nov., sp. nov., Pontoniinae, from Zanzibar

Figure 7. Plesiomenaeus poorei gen. nov., sp. nov. A, abnormal rostrum, ovig. female paratype. B, rostrum, male paratype, CL 3.4. C, first

pleopod. D, same, endopod. E, second pleopod. F, same, endopod. G, same, appendices, masculina and interna.

width centrally, 1.2 times longer than first pleopod protopod,

exopod similar to first pleopod, endopod (fig. 7E) subequal

exopod length, 4.4 times longer than central width, with

numerous plumose marginal setae distally, appendices (fig. 7F)

at 0.55 of medial margin length, appendix masculina

subcylindrical, 2.5 times longer than wide, about 0.16 of

endopod length, with 5 setulose setae of increasing length

distally along medial margin, terminal seta longest, about twice

corpus length’ appendix interna slightly longer than appendix

masculina, with few terminal cincinnuli.

Uropod (fig. 2K) with protopod unarmed; exopod broad,

about 1.6 times longer than broad, lateral margin feebly

convex, non-setose with small acute distal tooth (fig. 6K) with

small spine medially (see Remarks)-, endopod 0.95 of exopod

length, 2.0 times longer than wide.

Measurements (mms). Holotype, ovigerous female, postorbital

carapace length, 6.0; carapace and rostrum, 6.4; total body

length (approx.) 17.0; second pereiopod, major chela, 6.0; minor

chela, 5.0; length of ovum, 0.55.

Etymology. Named for Dr Gary C.B. Poore, Principal Curator

(Marine Biology), Museum of Victoria, in recognition of his

major contributions to Australian and wider carcinology over

many years.

A. J. Bruce

Host. Unidentified sponge encrusting round the base of a coral

colony.

Colouration. No data.

Remarks. The telson of the holotype is slightly abnormal in that

the posterior pair of dorsal spines are placed on the posterior

margin of the telson which thus presents the appearance of

having four pairs of posterior marginal spines, with only a

single pair of dorsal spines. One female (fig. 7A) was without a

rostrum, the absence appearing congenital rather than

traumatic. Two of the male specimens (fig. 7B) had two rostral

teeth. Some specimens had a small acute distolateral tooth on

the proximal segment of the antennular peduncle, usually

asymmetrically.

The presence of slender propods on the third pereiopod

and stouter propods on the posterior limbs is unusual in

pontoniine shrimps. In some species of the closely related

genus Periclimenaeus the propods are not greatly different but

in others, such as P. crassipes Caiman and P. trispinosus

Bruce, the third pereiopod propods are particularly short and

stout and the posterior propods longer and more slender, in

contrast to their development in P. poorei sp. nov.

Despite intensive collecting over the coral reefs of Zanzibar,

and similar reefs in Tanganyika and Kenya, over several years,

resulting in numerous other sponge associated shrimps, no

further specimens of this species were ever collected.

The resemblance of P. poorei sp. nov. to Periclimenaeus

bouvieri (Nobili) is remarkable. Holthuis’s statement that “a

strong hammer shaped tooth fitting into a cavity on the fixed

finger”, leaves little doubt concerning these features and the

placement of Nobili’s species in Periclimenaeus.

Re-examination of the type material of Nobili’s species may

shed further light on the detailed morphology of the fingers of

the major second pereiopod and hence its exact systematic

position. Plesiomenaeus poorei sp. nov. is readily distinguished

from Periclimenaeus bouvieri by having only a single dorsal

rostral tooth in females and a non-tuberculate second pereiopod

merus as opposed to two dorsal rostral teeth and a ventrally

tuberculate merus in addition to the absence of a molar process

and fossa on the major second pereiopod fingers. The type

material of Typton bouvieri is held in the collections of the

Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino.

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the Australian Biological

Resources Study.

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(1-3), 1-347, figs. 1-12, pis. 1-11.

Rafinesque, C.S. 1815.) Analyse de la nature ou tableau de I’univers et

des corps organises. Palermo, 1-224 pp.

Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 35-42 (2009)

ISSN 1447-2546 (Print) 1447-2554 (On-line)

http://museumvictoria.com.au/About/Books-and-Journals/Journals/Memoirs-of-Museum-Victoria

A new genus and new species of Sphaeromatidae (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the

Great Barrier Reef, Australia

Niel L. Bruce

Museum of Tropical Queensland, Queensland Museum and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook

University; 70-102 Flinders Street, Townsville, Australia 4810 (email: niel.bruce@qm.qld.gov.au)

Abstract Bruce, N. L. 2009. A new genus and new species of Sphaeromatidae (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the Great Barrier Reef,

Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 35-42.

Pooredoce garyi gen. nov., sp. nov., is described from Lizard Island, northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. The

genus is related to the group of sphaeromatid genera characterised by having long ‘finger-like’ extensions to the articles of

the maxilliped palp, stout robust setae on the inferior margins of pereopods 1-3 and the uropodal endopod round in section,

with the exopod about half as long as the endopod; similar genera are Cymodoce Leach, 1814 (Indo-Pacific species),

Koremasphaera Bruce, 2003 and Oxinasphaera Bruce, 1997. Pooredoce gen. nov. is characterized by the adult male

having a dorsally recessed dorsum to the pleotelson, the posterior margin of which has three enclosed foramens, two

visible dorsally, the third visible only from the interior of the posterior margin, the two foramens are formed by the

pleotelson posterolateral and median margin lobes coming into contact posteriorly; and the posterior margin of the pleon

forms an irregular posteriorly directed ridge. Pooredoce garyi was collected from the reef crest and is known from the type

locality. Lizard Island and at Hicks Reef.

Keywords Crustacea, Isopoda, Sphaeromatidae, Great Barrier Reef, coral reef, Queensland, Australia, southwestern Pacific,

taxonomy

Introduction

The Sphaeromatidae of the Great Barrier Reef can be

considered as comparatively well known, notably following

the work of British authors Keith Harrison and David Holdich

(e.g. Harrison and Holdich 1982, 1984; also Bruce 1997; earlier

references therein). Poore (2002; 2005) lists 203 species of

Sphaeromatidae from Australia, 60 of which are known from

Queensland. In comparison eastern Africa (southern Somalia

to Mozambique and Madagascar), a similar stretch of tropical

continental coast, has 34 recorded species of Sphaeromatidae

(Benvenuti and Messana 2000; Kensley 2001; Schotte and

Kensley 2005), but the intensity of sampling would probably

have been far lower than in Queensland. The Great Barrier

Reef, including the adjacent Coral Sea reefs, has 23 species of

Sphaeromatidae, recorded principally from Heron Island and

Lizard Island, the sites of two major research stations. Despite

the high number of species, documentation of this family is far

from complete for the Great Barrier Reef and tropical

Australia, Poore et al. (2002) commenting that the documented

diversity for the family in Australia is still at about 50% of the

expected total.

This contribution describes a new genus and new species

from the northern Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, named

with pleasure for Gary Poore, colleague and friend, in

recognition of his great contribution to knowledge of Australian

isopod and decapod crustaceans.

Methods and abbreviations

Terminology, measurements and descriptions follow Bruce

(e.g. 1997, 2003). The generic description was produced using

a DELTA (Dallwitz et al. 1997) generic data set that is under

development. Setal terminology follows Watling (1989).

Abbreviations

RS— robust seta/setae; PMS— plumose marginal seta/e;

MTQ— Museum of Tropical Queensland, Queensland

Museum, Townsville.

Taxonomy

Family Sphaeromatidae Latreille, 1825

Pooredoce gen. nov.

Type species. Pooredoce garyi, sp. nov., here designated and by

monotypy.

Diagnosis. Adult male. Pereonite 7 narrower than pereonite 6,

not extending to lateral body margin. Pleon dorsal surface

without process; posterior margin with plate-like extension.

N.L. Bruce

Pleotelson dorsally flat, posterior margin with two small

submedian foramens, with hardened boss anterior to median

notch, with ventral thickened rim; lateral margins forming

dorsally directed ridge. Maxilliped palp articles 2-4 medial

margins extended, forming finger-like lobes. Uropod exopod

reduced, mobile, round in section, inserted near midpoint of

lateral margin of peduncle-endopod, distally with hard

terminal spike; endopod round in section, distally with hard

terminal spike.

Description of male. Body vaulted, dorsal surfaces granular,

densely setose, unable to conglobate; strongly sexually

dimorphic. Head with rostral point present, dorsally visible,

separating antennular bases; without paired incisions in front

of eyes, lateral margins not laterally extended to body outline

(antennules more or less ventral). Eyes lateral, posteriorly

lobed. Pereonite 1 lateral margins not anteriorly produced, not

laterally enclosing head, anteriorly without ‘keys’; pereonites

2- or 5-7 with posterior margin raised, forming broad and low

transverse ridge. Sternite 1 without cuticular mesial extensions.

Pereonite 7 narrower than pereonite 6, coxal margin free.

Coxae distally narrow, distally rounded, coxae without ventral

‘lock and key’ processes or ventral groove, those of pereonite 6

not large, not overlapping those of pereonite 7. Pleon consisting

of 4 visible segments (as determined by lateral sutures); pleonite

1 entire, posterior margin even, as wide as remainder of pleon,

extending to pleon lateral margins; sutures (except first) running

to lateral margin, all separate, long; pleonal sternite short

relative to width; dorsal surface without process; posterior

margin with plate -like extension, without ‘keys’. Pleotelson

flat, anteriorly as wide as pleon; posterior margin with two

small submedian foramens; with hardened boss anterior to

median notch, with ventral thickened rim; lateral margins

forming ridge.

Antennule peduncle with basal articles medially not in

contact, peduncle 1 and 2 robust, article 3 slender; inferior

margin without hard cuticular spines; article 2 approximately

0.5 as long as article 1; with articles 2 and 3 colinear, article 3

longer than article 2; longer than peduncular article 3. Antenna

peduncle articles less robust than antennule, peduncular

articles all of similar thickness.

Epistome anteriorly narrow, with median constriction,

elongate. Mandible incisor wide, multicuspid; lacinia mobilis

present, tricuspid; molar process gnathal surface with

transverse ridges, rounded. Maxillule lateral lobe RS with

some or all serrate, mesial lobe with 4 major RS, these setae

being heavily serrate. Maxilla with setae on middle and lateral

lobes serrate. Maxilliped palp articles 2-4 medial margins

extended, forming finger-like lobes, article 2 not expanded;

endite distal margin truncate, without clubbed RS.

Pereopod 1 ambulatory. Pereopod 2 similar in proportion

to pereopod 3. Pereopods with inferior margins of ischium to

carpus not bearing dense setulose fringe; ischium superior

margin with sinuate acute RS, pereopods 1-3 or 4 ischium

superior margin without long stiff slender setae. Pereopods

1-3, inferior margins of merus, carpus and propodus palm

with widely-spaced conspicuous RS along inferior margins.

Dactylus of all pereopods with simple secondary unguis.

Penial processes entirely separate, basally in contact, short

(not extending beyond pleopod peduncles), tapering smoothly

from base, apex bluntly rounded.

Pleopod 1 rami not operculate; exopod lamellar, of similar

proportions to exopod, longitudinal axis weakly oblique,

mesial margin lamellar, proximomedial heel absent; exopod

distally subtruncate, margins not serrate. Pleopod 2 endopod

about as long as exopod; exopod distal margins not deeply

serrate; appendix masculina inserted basally, margins curving

weakly to lateral, 1.25 times as long as endopod, distally

bluntly rounded. Pleopod 3 exopod transverse suture present;

endopod of similar proportions to exopod. Pleopod 4 rami

without PMS; exopod transverse suture present, thickened

transverse ridges absent, lateral margin not thickened, without

short simple marginal setae; endopod thickened transverse

ridges present, mesial margin without deep distal notch,

without proximomedial lobe. Pleopod 5 exopod transverse

suture present, entire, thickened transverse ridges absent,

lateral margin without short simple setae, not thickened, 3

discrete scale patches, scale patches forming protruding lobes.

Pleopod 5 endopod with thickened transverse ridges absent,

with proximomedial lobe.

Uropod rami not strongly flattened, not forming part of

continuous body outline; exopod (of adult male) reduced,

mobile, exopod round in section, inserted near midpoint of

lateral margin of peduncle-endopod, distally with acute;

endopod round in section, distally with hard terminal spike.

Female. Body surfaces densely setose. Pleon posterior margin

not produced. Pleotelson dorsally domed, posterior margin

obscurely trilobate, median lobe overriding lateral lobes,

ventrally with single simple exit channel. Uropod rami flat,

exopod about half as long as endopod; appendages otherwise

similar to male.

No ovigerous females were present in the material but the

close relationship of this genus to other genera in the

Cymodoce-gxoxxp of genera would strongly suggest that the

mouthparts would be metamorphosed.

Remarks. Pooredoce gen. nov. can be identified by, in males,

the cylindrical uropods, with the exopod smaller than the

endopod, both rami being terminally acute, and the bi -perforate

posterior pleotelson margin, which also has a median boss.

Females have conspicuously setose dorsal surfaces, and that

character together with the details of the uropods and pleotelson

(as figured) serve to identify females in the absence of males.

Pooredoce is allied to a group of genera within the

Sphaeromatidae characterised by a trilobate pleotelson

posterior margin, the maxilliped palp articles 2-5 being

greatly elongate (‘finger-like’), the inferior margins of the

merus-propodus of pereopods 1-3 with conspicuous robust

setae, and uropods with a cylindrical in section endopod and a

small exopod (50% or less than the length of the endopod) set

about mid-length on the fused endopod peduncle. These genera

in the broadest sense include the Indo-Pacific species of

Cymodoce Leach, 1814 (see Harrison and Holdich 1984; Bruce

1997, generic remarks), Oxinasphaera Bruce, 1997 and

Koremasphaera Bruce, 2003. In Cymodoce the uropodal

exopod is flattened and comparatively larger than the other

A new genus and new species of Sphaeromatidae (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia

genera mentioned; in Koremasphaera the trilobate pleotelson

is scarcely evident. The Cilicaea-Cilicaeopsis-Paracilicaea

group of genera share the maxilliped, pleotelson and pereopod

characters but differ conspicuously to the other genera

mentioned in having the uropodal exopod cylindrical in

section and large, while the endopod is reduced to a small lobe

(see figures in, for example, Harrison and Holdich 1984;

Benvenuti and Messana 2000).

The pleotelson posterior margin of Pooredoce gen. nov. is

complex, essentially trilobate, and conforming to the structure

of ‘two sub-median notches’ or ‘median notch with median

process’. Such a pattern is present in the genera Cymodoce,

Cilicaea, Cilicaeopsis, Paracilicaea (see Harrison and

Holdich, 1984) and Oxinasphaera Bruce, 1997 (although

Cilicaeopsis lacks a lobe within the median sinus). In the new

genus the pleotelson lateral ‘lobes’ meet at the midline and the

median lobe is posteriorly in contact with the lateral ‘lobes’

leaving the sinuses posteriorly closed off and forming two

holes (figs. 1E-G).

This form of pleotelson, with the submedian sinuses

posteriorly closed off, is not unique, occurring in the species

Cilicaea caniculata (Thomson, 1879) (see Hurley and Jansen

1977). A pleotelson morphology approaching that of the new

genus can be seen in some Paracilicaea Stebbing, 1910 such

as P. stebbingi Baker, 1926 (see Harrison and Holdich 1984),

P. mirabilis Benvenuti and Messana, 2000 and also in Cilicaea

calcarifera Harrison and Holdich, 1984, but in all these species

the submedian notches are posteriorly open. These genera are

characterized by, among other characters, a uropod exopod

that is round in section and the endopod reduced to a stub.

Pooredoce has one presumed derived or apomorphic

character that is shared only with Oxinasphaera, that of the

uropods having a cylindrical uropodal endopod and an exopod

that is about half the length of the endopod and cylindrical or

semi-cylindrical in shape; each ramus is tipped with a hardened

‘spike’. Koremasphaera is similar, but the uropodal exopod is

large, about as long as the endopod. Oxinasphaera is defined

by the unique apomorphy of hardened spikes on the antennule

peduncle; the present genus lacks these, but does have a unique

and defining pleon and pleotelson morphology.

Pooredoce garyi sp. nov.

Figures 1-4

Material examined. Holotype, S (4.1 mm). North Point, Lizard Island,

14.64553° S, 145.45335°E, 12 April 2008, from dead coral heads,

1.0-1. 5 m, CReefs stn CGLI 20A, coll. N.L. Bruce, CReefs (MTQ-

QM W30539).

Paratypes, S (3.0 mm, immature), $ (non-ovig. 3.2, 3.0, 2.9 mm),

juveniles (2.7, 2.5, 2.4, 2.4, 2.3 mm), same data as holotype (MTQ-

QM W30540).

Additional material. S (3.3 mm), ? (non-ovig. 2.9 mm), manca (1.9

mm), Hicks Reef, 14.44803°S, 145.49920°E, 21 February 2009, outer

reef, dead coral heads on reef edge, 5.0-7.0 m, CReefs stn LIZ09-16E,

coll. N. Bruce & M. Blazewicz-Paszkowycz. (MTQ-QM W31261).

Description of male. Body 1.8 times as long as greatest width,

lateral margins subparallel, widest at pereonites 3-6; posterior

dorsal raised transverse ridges surfaces granular, setose.

Cephalon anterior margin without transverse ridges. Pereonite

1 about 1.2 times as long as pereonite 2; pereonites 2-6

subequal in length, pereonite 7 slightly shorter than 6.

Antennule peduncle article 1 1.7 times as long as wide, about

2.1 times as long as article 2; article 3 about half as long as

article 1, 2.8 times as long as wide, 1.4 times as long as article 2;

flagellum 9-articled, about 2.9 times as long article 3. Antenna

peduncle article 1 short, articles 2 and 3 subequal in length,

article 3 about 0.8 times as long as article 4; articles 4 0.7 as long

as article 5; flagellum about 0.8 times as long as peduncle,

extending to middle of margin of pereonite 1, with 9 articles.

Epistome anteriorly narrowly rounded, lateral margins

with medial constriction; indistinct transverse ridge of nodules

present. Left mandible incisor with 3 cusps, lacinia mobilis

with 3 cusps, spine row of 3 curved, serrate spines; right

mandible incisor with 3 cusps, spine row of 5 broad-based

distally serrate spines; molar process round, crushing surface

strongly ridged; palp article 1 1.2 as long as article 2 subequal,

article 2 distolateral margin with 4 biserrate setae; article 3

with 8 biserrate setae, terminal seta being longest. Maxillule

mesial lobe with 2 long, strongly CP, 2 long fringed and 2 short

simple RS; lateral lobe with 10 broad-based, serrate RS and 1

curved, slender RS on gnathal surface, twelfth prominently

pectinate seta set between these. Maxilla lateral lobe and

middle lobe with 6 and 7 curved, pectinate RS respectively,

mesial lobe with about 14 serrate and biserrate RS, proximal

seta longest. Maxilliped endite lateral margin strongly convex,

distal margin sub-truncate, with 8 sinuate CP RS, 1 blunt

simple RS at sublateral angle, distomesial margin with 2 CP

RS and single coupling hook; palp articles 2-5 with about 8, 8,

10 and 12 terminal setae respectively.

Pereopod 1 without setulose fringe on inferior margins;

basis about 2.7 times as long as greatest width, approximately

2.3 as long as propodus; ischium 0.6 times as long as basis, 1.8

times as long as greatest width, superior margin with 2,

sinuate, acute RS; merus about 0.5 times as long as ischium,

about 1.2 times as long as greatest width, superior distal angle

with 2 acute RS, inferior margin with 3 blunt RS distal-most

being longest; carpus 0.8 times as long as wide, inferior

margin with 2 RS, one blunt one acute; propodus 1.7 times as

long as greatest width, 0.7 as long as ischium, inferior margin

with 3 RS, 3 submarginal setae; dactylus 0.8 times as long as

propodus, inferior margin with few simple scales. Pereopod 2

basis 2.7 times as long as greatest width, inferodistal angle

with single long simple seta; ischium 0.8 times as long as basis,

2.5 times as long as greatest width, superior margin with 2

acute RS, distal inferior margin with 2 short acute RS; merus

0.5 as long as ischium, superior distal angle with 2 RS, inferior

margin with 2 blunt RS; carpus 0.7 as long as merus, 1.2 times

as long as wide, anterodistal angle with 1 RS, inferior margin

with 2 blunt RS; propodus 0.6 times as long as ischium, 2.3

times as long as wide, superior distal angle with ~4 long simple

seta and 1 sensory seta, inferior margin 1 acute RS and 2

submarginal setae; dactylus 0.6 as long as propodus, inferior

margin distally with scales. Pereopod 3 similar to pereopod 2.

Pereopods 5-7 similar. Pereopod 7 basis 3.2 times as long as

greatest width, inferodistal angle with 1 long simple seta;

ischium 0.9 times as long as basis, 3.2 times as long as greatest

N.L. Bruce

Figure 1. Pooredoce garyi sp. nov. A-H holotype, remainder ? 3.3 mm paratype. A, lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, epistome; D, pleon and

pleotelson, posterior view; E, pleotelson, dorsal view; F, pleotelson, ventral view; G, pleotelson sinuses, ventral view; H, uropod; I, female, dorsal

view; J, pleon and pleotelson, lateral view; K, pleotelson, ventral view; L, female pleotelson sinus, posterior view.

A new genus and new species of Sphaeromatidae (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia

Figure 2. Pooredoce garyi sp. nov. A, B holotype, remainder S 3.0 mm paratype. A, antennule; B, antenna; C, left mandible; D, right mandible

incisor; E, maxillule; F, maxilla; G. maxilliped; H, maxilla mesial lobe.

width, superior margin with 4 sinuate, acute RS; merus 0.4

times as long as ischium, superior distal angle with 2 acute RS,

inferior margin with 4 RS (3 acute, proximal RS blunt); carpus

0.8 times as long as merus, anterodistal margin with 5 acute

serrate and biserrate RS, inferior distal angle with 4 RS,

inferior margin with 1 RS; propodus 0.6 times as long as

ischium, 2.9 times as long as wide, inferior margin with 2 RS,

superior distal angle with 1 palmate seta and 3 simple setae;

dactylus 0.5 as long as propodus.

Penes mutually adjacent, lateral margin distally convex,

mesial margin weakly sinuate; approximately 3 times as long

as basal width.

Pleopod 1 exopod and endopod with c. 32 and 20 PMS

respectively, exopod proximolateral RS present; endopod and

exopod subequal in length, endopod 1.4 times as long as

greatest width, distal margin narrowly rounded. Pleopod 2

exopod and endopod with c. 32 and 22 PMS respectively;

appendix masculine 8.7 times as long as basal width, apically

narrowly rounded. Pleopod 3 exopod and endopod with c. 27

and 9 PMS respectively; exopod transverse suture entire.

Pleopod 4 exopod lateral margin proximally with 4 evenly

spaced fine simple setae; endopod with single distal seta.

Pleopod 5 endopod distal margin truncate.

Uropod (in situ) exopod about 0.5 as long as endopod, 3.1

times as long as greatest width, extending to endopod apex,

margins converging to acute, finely bifid apex; endopod about

2.8 as long wide, curving medially, apex acute, curving

dorsally; both with fine nodules and heavily setose.

N.L. Bruce

Figure 3. Pooredoce garyi sp. nov. Holotype. A-C, pereopods 1, 2 and 7 respectively; D, propodus and dactylus, pereopod 1; E, RS from

inferodistal margin of carpus, pereopod 7.

Female. No ovigerous females present. Uropod endopod 2.8 as

long as wide, posteriorly truncate; exopod 0.6 as long as

endopod, 2.6 as long as wide, apically bifid, lateral side of

apical division largest. Non-ovigerous females otherwise

characterized by the generic characters.

Size. Adult males 3.3-4.1 mm; adult females 2.9-3. 2 mm;

juveniles 23-2.1 mm.

Remarks. Males can be identified by the generic characters,

principally the unique pleotelson morphology in conjunction

with the uropods. The females are rather similar to females of

several other genera, notably Cilicaea and Paracilicaea, and

are best identified by the very setose dorsal surfaces, the

pleotelson posterior margin median notch appearing somewhat

truncate and dorsal part being produced and overriding the

lateral notches. Females of Oxinasphaera lack a distinct

pleotelson notch.

Distribution. Northern Great Barrier Reef; on exposed reef

edges from mid-shelf at Lizard Island and the outer reef front

at Hicks Reef, intertidal to at least 7 m.

Acknowledgements

Material from Lizard Island was collected under the auspices

of the CReefs project organised by the Australian Institute of

Marine Science (AIMS). The CReefs Australia Project is

generously sponsored by BHP Billiton in partnership with The

Great Barrier Reef Foundation, the Australian Institute of

Marine Science and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; CReefs is

a field program of the Census of Marine Life. I thank Julian

A new genus and new species of Sphaeromatidae (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia

Figure 4. Pooredoce garyi sp. nov. Holotype except E, S 3.0 mm paratype. A-E, pleopods 1-5 respectively; F, penes.

Caley and Shawn Smith (AIMS) for their excellent organisation

and field support; I thank Magda M. Blazewicz-Paszkowycz

for her excellent team spirit while we were collecting at Lizard

Island in 2008 and 2009. Denise Seabright (MTQ) is thanked

for her work in providing final art.

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Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 43-59 (2009)

ISSN 1447-2546 (Print) 1447-2554 (On-line)

http://museumvictoria.com.au/About/Books-and-Journals/Journals/Memoirs-of-Museum-Victoria

Population biology of the ghost shrimps, Trypaea australiensis and Biffarius

arenosus (Decapoda: Thalassinidea), in Western Port, Victoria.

Sarah N. Butler, Manieka Reid & Fiona L. Bird 1

Abstract

Keywords

Department of Zoology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia (f.bird@latrobe.edu.au 1 )

Butler, S.N., Reid, M. & Bird, F.L. 2009. Population biology of the ghost shrimps, Trypaea australiensis and Biffarius

arenosus (Decapoda: Thalassinidea), in Western Port, Victoria. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 43-59.

This study compared the population biology of two co-existing species of ghost shrimps, Trypaea australiensis

Dana 1952 and Biffarius arenosus (Poore 1975), over a two year period at Warneet and Crib Point in Western Port,

Victoria, south-eastern Australia. Overall, the sex ratio in populations of T. australiensis varied considerably (male and

female biases were found at different times) whereas the sex ratio of B. arenosus was generally 1:1 or female biased. A

male biased sex ratio was found in the juvenile size class of populations of T. australiensis (both years) and B. arenosus

(one year only). Both species reproduced in spring and summer in Western Port and juveniles appeared to recruit into the

populations all year round. The embryo and clutch size of T. australiensis females was significantly larger than B. arenosus,

and a significant relationship between female body size and clutch size (but not embryo size) was found for both species.

Comparisons between this and other population studies of T. australiensis and B. arenosus were made to highlight any

latitudinal variation in the reproduction and breeding biology of these species along the eastern coast of Australia.

Thalassinidea; ghost shrimp; Western Port; population biology; benthic invertebrates

Introduction

Thalassinidean ghost shrimps are considered key fauna in

benthic habitats. There is significant interest in their influence

on community composition of benthic environments (Branch

and Pringle, 1987, Posey et al., 1991, Dittman, 1996,

Berkenbusch et al., 2000) and their key role in changing

sediment conditions (Abu-Hilal et al., 1988; de Vaugelas and

Buscail, 1990; Forster and Graf, 1992; Bird et al., 2000; Katrak

and Bird, 2003). Thalassinidean ghost shrimps have been

identified as ecosystem engineers (Berkenbusch and Rowden,

2003) because bioturbation and bioirrigation of the sediment

significantly alters its physical and chemical structure (Webb

and Eyre, 2004; Grigg et al., 2007). Due to their important role

in “engineering” the surrounding environment, thalassinidean

ghost shrimps have been suggested as possible indicators of

community composition and sediment properties (Posey,

1986; Nicholls, 2002). It is therefore important to fully

understand their population biology, including the stability of

populations, fecundity, sex ratios and reproductive periods.

The ghost shrimps, Trypaea australiensis and Biffarius

arenosus, are distributed widely along the south and east

coasts of Australia where they dominate benthic, soft-sediment

marine habitats (Poore and Griffin, 1979). The population

biology of Trypaea australiensis has been well studied in both

northern and southern regions (Hailstone and Stephenson,

1961; Coleman, 1981; Kenway, 1981; McPhee and Skilleter,

2002a; Rotherham and West, 2007; Rotherham and West,

2009). In contrast, little is known about the population biology

of Biffarius arenosus, with just one study carried out in the

1970s in Western Port, Victoria (see Coleman, 1981).

A comparison of studies of T. australiensis in north and

south-eastern Australia provide evidence that biological

measures such as fecundity and the timing of reproduction can

vary for different populations of the same species of

thalassinidean (Hailstone and Stephenson, 1961; Coleman,

1981; Kenway, 1981; McPhee and Skilleter, 2002a). Differences

in the biology of spatially separated populations of invertebrate

species have been reported for other species of thalassinidean.

A study of Callianassa filholi found differences in the time and

length of the reproduction period, the size of individuals at

maturity and the rates of fecundity between populations from

northern and southern New Zealand (Berkenbusch and Rowden,

2000). The primary cause of the variation was thought to be

food availability at the different sites. In contrast, a number of

studies (e.g. Kubo et al. (2006)) attributed latitudinal differences

in thalassinidean embryo size amongst individuals of the same

species to variations in water temperature. Differences in the

size of individuals of Upogebia africana were related to

variation in food availability and salinity of the water column

(Hanekom and Erasmus, 1988). Given that the population

biology of any given marine species can vary over space and

time it is essential to understand the local population biology of

species of ecological significance, such as ghost shrimps.

S.N. Butler, M. Reid & F.L. Bird

This study aims to describe the population biology of T.

australiensis and B. arenosus in Western Port, Victoria and to

compare the findings with previous studies. A particular focus is

the population biology of Biffarius arenosus as very few studies

have investigated the biology of this species. The population

biology of T. australiensis is described here to compare with the

other detailed studies from around Australia, particularly the

recent work by Rotherham and West (2009). The opportunity to

compare the biology of T. australiensis and B. arenosus of

present day populations in Western Port, with the study by

Coleman (1981) conducted 30 years ago provides the means to

critically assess whether the population structure is consistent

over time. Understanding the stability and variability in the

population biology of these species in time and space is essential

in order to consider ghost shrimps as key species or indicators of

ecological condition in benthic habitats.

Methods

Sampling procedure

Individuals of the ghost shrimps Trypaea australiensis and

Biffarius arenosus were collected from Warneet and Crib

Point (3 8° 13' S, 145°18' E), in Western Port, Victoria, Australia

Figure 1 . Map of Australia showing the study sites located in Western

Port: Warneet and Crib Point.

(fig. 1). Individuals measured and examined for this population

biology study were collected as part of a larger study, so

methods of collection varied between years.

From April 2004 to March 2005, 6 large cores (25 cm

diameter, 40 cm depth) were collected randomly along the

mudflat between the high tide mark and the low tide mark at

Warneet, once a month. Sediment within the cores was

removed using a hand held suction pump, or bait pump.

Sediment was directly pumped into a 1mm mesh sieve. All of

the ghost shrimp individuals were collected from this sieve

using forceps and placed in 70% ethanol for storage and

analysis. From March 2006 to March 2007, ten medium cores

(15 cm diameter, 40 cm depth) were collected from Warneet

monthly. In April 2006 and then from October 2006 to April

2007 ten medium cores (15 cm diameter, 40 cm depth) were

also collected each month from Crib Point, Western Port. Each

core was removed intact and sediment from the cores was

sieved through a 1 mm mesh sieve. All ghost shrimps were

removed using forceps and stored in 70% ethanol for analysis.

Frequent and intensive bait pumping for ghost shrimp was

observed at Warneet during the 2006 sampling period so

additional sampling was conducted at Crib Point to ensure

individuals of all size classes, including large ovigerous

females, were represented. Collection of ghost shrimps for bait

can target larger individuals in a population (McPhee and

Skilleter, 2002b), and therefore, the reduced period of sampling

(seven months) was chosen to target individuals during the

breeding season.

The variation in size of the cores used for collection in

2004/05 and 2006/07 may have impacted the number and size

of individuals collected and therefore data from each year was

analysed separately and general comparisons across years

were made. Rotherham and West (2003) found that there was

no significant difference in the catches of Trypaea australiensis

or the precision of catches using two different sized cores

(0.04 and 0.07 m 2 ), so it is presumed that comparisons in the

current study across years will give a true representation of

populations patterns despite the differences in core size used.

In the laboratory, all individuals collected in all samples

were measured for carapace length (CF) and the sex was

recorded. The sex was determined by the presence (female) or

absence (male) of the 2 nd pair of pleopods. The number of

ovigerous females was recorded along with the development

(eyed or uneyed) of the embryos. Carapace length was

measured to 0.01 mm using a digital pair of callipers under a

dissecting microscope, from the tip of the rostrum to the mid-

dorsal posterior edge of the carapace.

Ovigerous females of B. arenosus and T. australiensis

were selected with stage 1 embryos only (as described by

Rodrigues (1976) (cited in Kubo et al. 2006)). Stage 1 embryos

are tightly packed and round with a uniformly distributed yolk

and no eye spots. Clutch size (CS, number of embryos per

female) was quantified for each female by removing all

embryos from the first and second pairs of pleopods under a

dissecting microscope (magnification X 40). The shortest and

longest diameters of the first 20 embryos from each female

were measured under a compound microscope with a calibrated

ocular micrometer (magnification X 40 or X 100). The formula

Population biology of thalassinidean ghost shrimps in Western Port, Victoria

for an ellipsoid was used to calculate the volume of each

embryo: Embryo volume mm 3 - jtLS 2 /6 (where L and S are the

longest and shortest diameter respectively, measured to the

nearest 0.01 mm). Mean embryo volume was calculated for

each female. For comparison with data presented in Rotherham

and West (2009), mean embryo diameter was calculated from

all maximum and minimum embryo diameters measured for

all individuals within a species.

Statistical analysis

Size frequency histograms and plots of the proportion of

ovigerous females were created in Microsoft Excel 2007. Chi

squared analyses were done using SPSS version 13.0 to

statistically test if the sex ratio differed significantly from 1:1

for T. australiensis and B. arenosus overall for 2004-2005 and

2006-2007 and seasonally within these years. Sex ratio was

compared at Warneet and Crib Point separately and for

juveniles and adults separately.

Size cohorts were identified for T. australiensis and B.

arenosus each month (or sampling period) using Bhattacharya’s

(1967) graphical method of fitting normal (Guassian)

components to length-frequency histograms with the modal

progression analysis routine in the computer program FISAT

II (FAO-ICLARM, 2005). Visually estimated cohort means

(as obtained with Bhattacharya’s method in FISAT II) were

then refined using the NORMSEP optimisation procedure in

FISAT II. No progression of the cohort means was observed

for data collected for either T. australiensis or B. arenosus

each month indicating that individuals collected each month

were not from the same cohort. Consequently, no further

analysis of growth from length-frequency data was conducted.

Instead, the cohort means calculated for each month were

represented with an arrow on the length-frequency histograms

for each species and each year.

The clutch size and mean embryo volumes of ovigerous

females were compared between species using t-tests in SPSS

version 15.0. Data for these parameters were normally

distributed (Shapiro-Wilks test, p > 0.05) but tests for equality

of variance (Fevene’s test) showed variances were not equal (p

< 0.05). Despite variance not being equal, t-tests were still

used but the significance level was reduced to p<0.001 to

reduced the chance of a type I error occurring. The relationships

between embryo volume, clutch size and carapace length (as

CF 3 ) were explored for both species using a Pearson’s product-

moment correlation. The significant relationship between

clutch size to carapace length (as CF 3 ) was then analysed using

linear regression. The line of best fit for each significant linear

relationship was plotted.

Results

Population structure of Trypaea australiensis

In 2004-2005, a total of 712 Trypaea australiensis were collected

across the 12 months. Of these, 600 specimens could be sexed.

There were 347 males and 253 females resulting in an overall

sex ratio of 1.4:1 (males: females) which was significantly

different from 1:1 (% 2 - 14.727, df = 1, p < 0.001). When

considering juveniles and adults separately the overall sex ratio

was 4.8:1 (males: females) for juveniles (% 2 - 88.862, df = 1, p

< 0.001) and for 0.69:1 (males: females) for adults (% 2 - 11.174,

df - l,p = 0.001) both significantly different from 1:1. Seasonally,

there were generally two cohorts of T. australiensis, one with a

mean carapace length between 3-5 mm and the other cohort at

mean carapace length between 7-10 mm (fig. 2, see arrows). The

smaller cohort (presumably juvenile T. australiensis ) can be

detected using Bhattacharya’s method in all months except

April, June, August, September and January 2004-2005.

However, juveniles also seem to be present (though not normally

distributed) in April, July, August and September. This suggests

recruitment into the population throughout the year. From April

to September 2004 there was a significant sex bias towards

males (13.7:1, 16:0, 15.5:1, 3.9:1, 3.5:1, 4:0 respectively) in

juvenile (CF < 5 mm) T. australiensis (% 2 - 32.818, 16.00,

25.485, 11.765, 5.556, 11.560, p < 0.05 respectively) but not

adult T. australiensis until August where the sex bias was

towards females 0.4:1 (% 2 = 6.429, df = 1, p = 0.011). In

September 2004, only four juveniles were collected and these

were all males, however there was a significant sex biased

towards females in adults 0.2: 1 (males: females) (% 2 = 11.560, df

- 1, p - 0.001). From October 2004 to March 2005 the sex ratio

did not differ significantly from 1:1, although juveniles in March

2005 did show a sex ratio significantly different from 1:1 with a

bias towards males (7.5:1, % 2 = 9.941, df = 1, p = 0.002).In

2006-2007, a total of 381 T. australiensis were collected across

ten months at Warneet. Of these 212 were males and 169 were

females resulting in a male sex bias of 1.3:1 which was

significantly different from 1:1 (% 2 = 5.765, df = 1, p = 0.016).

When considering juveniles and adults separately out of 90

juveniles collected there was no significant difference in the sex

ratio from 1:1 (p — 0.206) however, there was a significant sex

bias towards males (1.3:1) for the 291 adults (x 2 = 4.167, df = 1,

p - 0.041). Seasonally throughout 2006-2007 at Warneet, the

sex ratio for T. australiensis seemed to vary as in 2004-2005,

however when tested with a chi-square test there was no

significant deviation in the sex ratio from 1:1 in any month for

adults or juveniles (p > 0.05) except in September 2006 when

adult males outnumbered adult females 4.3:1 (x 2 = 6.250, df = 1,

p - 0.012). In 2006-2007 at Warneet, the two distinct cohorts

seen in 2004-2005 were again apparent in all months except

December 2006 however a bimodal size distribution was not as

clear (see arrows on fig. 3). In August 2006, there were three

cohorts identified with the third cohort of mean carapace length

9-10 mm. Higher numbers of juveniles (CF < 5 mm) were seen

in May 2006 and February 2007 although the juveniles or

smallest cohort (CF 3-4 mm) were present in May, July, August,

September and February (fig. 3) indicating some recruitment

throughout the entire sampling period. At Crib Point in

2006-2007, a total of 386 T. australiensis were collected across

seven months. Of these shrimps 225 were males and 161 were

females resulting in a sex ratio of 1.4:1 (males: females) which

was significantly different from 1:1 (x 2 10.611, df = l,p -0.001).

For juveniles and adults separately at Crib Point, there was no

significant difference in the sex ratio of adults from 1:1 (p >

0.05) but there was a significant difference in the sex ratio of

juveniles from 1:1. For juvenile T. australiensis at Crib Point,

the sex ratio was significantly male biased (1.8: 1, x 2 - 11.267, df

S.N. Butler, M. Reid & F.L. Bird

Figure 2. Carapace length (CL) size frequency distributions for Trypaea australiensis collected at Wameet, Western Port in 2004-2005. Non-ovigerous

females are shown by black bars, ovigerous females by grey bars and males by open bars (n = number of shrimp collected). Individuals are grouped

into size classes by rounding to the closest mm from two decimal places. Arrows show mean CL length of the cohorts identified using FISAT II

- 1, p - 0.001). When each sampling occasion was considered

separately, it was found that the sex ratio did not differ from 1:1

(p > 0.05) for any sampling occasion except for juveniles in

April 2006. In April 2006 at Crib Point, the juvenile sex ratio

was significantly male biased (4.8:1, 15.114, df = 1, p < 0.001).

At Crib Point there was generally only one cohort of individuals

identified through graphical methods, except in February and

April 2007 where there were two cohorts identified with mean

carapace lengths of 4-5 and 7-8 mm (fig. 4). Although generally

only one cohort was identified graphically at Crib Point, there

were small individuals (< 5mm CL) present in all months.

Overall the sex ratio for T. australiensis populations at

Wameet in 2004-2005 and at Crib Point in 2006-2007 was the

same (1.4 males: 1 female). The overall sex ratio at Warneet

2006-2007 was also very similar ( 1 .3 males: 1 female) indicating

some consistencies in these populations across years and sites.

Reproduction of Trypaea australiensis

In 2004-2005, a low proportion of ovigerous females (10 out of

248 females) were collected. These ovigerous females were

found in September, October and November 2004 (fig. 5a).

During this period, ovigerous females had uneyed (early

development) and eyed (late development) embryos.

In 2006-2007, a total of 19 ovigerous females out of 169

females were collected at Warneet. These ovigerous females

were found in a similar period to 2004-2005, which was

September, November and December 2006, although there

was a higher proportion of ovigerous females found in

November and December 2006 than in November and

December 2004 (fig. 5c). The ovigerous females in September

carried early stage developed embryos with no eyes while the

later ovigerous females collected in November and December

had late stage developed embryos with clear eyes. At Crib

Number of ghost shrimps

Population biology of thalassinidean ghost shrimps in Western Port, Victoria

a. May 2006

n = 40

f. November 2006

n = 62

b. June 2006

n = 44

g. December 2006

n = 38

d. August 2006

n = 72

i. February 2007

n = 61

e. September 2006

n = 48

j. March 2007

n = 12

10 11 12

CL (mm)

Figure 3. Carapace length (CL) size frequency distributions for Trypaea australiensis collected at Wameet, Western Port in 2006-2007. Non-ovigerous

females are shown by black bars, ovigerous females by grey bars and males by open bars (n = number of shrimp collected). Individuals are grouped into

size classes by rounding to the closest mm from two decimal places. Arrows show the mean CL length of cohorts identified using FISAT II.

S.N. Butler, M. Reid & F.L. Bird

a. April 2006 d. December 2006

n = 82 n = 38

b. October 2006

n = 75

e. January 2007

n = 70

f. February 2007

n = 32

g. April 2007

CL (mm)

Figure 4. Carapace length (CL) size frequency distributions for Trypaea australiensis collected at Crib Point, Western Port in 2006-2007. Non-

ovigerous females are shown by black bars, ovigerous females by grey bars and males by open bars (n = number of shrimp collected). Individuals

are grouped into size classes by rounding to the closest mm from two decimal places. Arrows show mean CL of the cohorts using FISAT II.

Point, a total of 18 ovigerous females out of 161 females were

collected. These ovigerous females were found in October,

November and December 2006 again the same period as at

Warneet in 2004-2005 and 2006-2007 (fig. 5e).

Population structure o/Biffarius arenosus

In 2004-2005 a total of 436 Biffarius arenosus individuals

were collected across 12 months. Of these 368 specimens

could be sexed. There were 185 males and 183 females

resulting in a sex ratio of 1:1 (males: females). When considering

juveniles (CL < 3mm) and adults separately it was found that

there was a sex ratio of 2.3:1 (males: females) for juveniles

which is significantly different from 1:1 (% 2 = 8.643, df = 1, p

- 0.003). There was no significant difference in sex ratio from

1:1 in adult B. arenosus individuals. Seasonally in 2004-2005,

the sex ratio rarely deviated from 1:1 (males: females). There

was a significant male sex bias in juveniles in March 2004

(6:0, x 2 - 6, df - 1, p - 0.014) however this is most likely due

to very few juveniles being collected. In January 2005, there

was a significant female sex bias in adult B. arenosus (8:0, yj

Population biology of thalassinidean ghost shrimps in Western Port, Victoria

a. Trypaea australiensis

n = 248

Warneet 2004-2005

b. Biffarius arenosus

n = 172

Warneet 2004-2005

Warneet 2006-2007

d. Biffarius arenosus

n = 348

Warneet 2006-2007

e. Trypaea australiensis

f. Biffarius arenosus

Figure 5. Proportion of ovigerous females for April 2004 to March 2005 (a. Trypaea australiensis , b Biffarius arenosus) and March 2006 to May 2007

(c. T. australiensis, d. B. arenosus) at Warneet, Western Point. Proportion of ovigerous females for April 2006, October 2006 - February 2007 and April

2007 (e. T. australiensis, f. B. arenosus) at Crib Point, Western Port. Solid line is total proportions of ovigerous females, triangles with dashed line is

proportion of ovigerous females with uneyed embryos and squares with dashed line is proportion of ovigerous females with eyed embryos.

- 8, df - 1, p - 0.005), however as with the juveniles in March,

the sex ratio is most likely due to only eight individuals being

collected. Throughout the 12 month period there only seemed

to be one cohort of individuals (CL 4-5mm, fig. 6). Juveniles

(CL < 3mm) were present in all months indicating recruitment

into the population throughout the sampling period (fig. 6).

In 2006-2007 a total of 631 B. arenosus individuals were

collected at Warneet of which 283 were males and 348 were

females. This was a sex bias towards females (0.8:1 males:

females) which was significantly different from 1:1 (% 2 = 6.696,

df - 1, p - 0.010). Overall of the 239 juveniles there was a sex

ratio of 1.1:1 (males: females) which was not significantly

different from 1 : 1 (p > 0.05) and of the 388 adults there was a sex

ratio of 0.7:1 (males: females) which was significantly different

from 1:1 (% 2 = 12.629, df = 1, p < 0.001). Seasonally at Warneet

there was a significant sex biased towards males for juvenile B.

arenosus in January 2007 (5:1, % 2 = 5.333, df = 1, p = 0.021) and

a significant biased in the sex ratio towards females for adults in

January 2007 (0.5:1, % 2 = 5.000, df = 1, p = 0.025) and in February

2007 (0.5:1, % 2 = 5.453, df =1, p = 0.020). There were no other

sampling times at Warneet in which the sex ratio was significantly

different from 1: 1. As in 2004-2005, there appears to be only one

cohort of individuals of B. arenosus throughout the sampling

period in 2006-2007 at Warneet (CL 4-5 mm, fig. 7 see arrows)

with juveniles (CL< 3 mm) present at all sampling periods.

At Crib Point in 2006-2007, a total of 140 B. arenosus

individuals were collected across seven months. Of these 138

specimens could be sexed. There were 57 males and 81 were

females resulting in a female biased sex ratio of 0.7:1 (males:

females) which was significantly different from 1:1 (% 2 = 4.174,

df - 1, p - 0.041). For juveniles and adults separately at Crib

Point, there was no significant difference in the sex ratio of

juveniles from 1:1 (p>0.05) but there was a significant difference

in the sex ratio of adults from 1:1 resulting in a female bias

(0.56:1, x 2 - 9.308, df = 1, p = 0.002). When each sampling

occasion was considered separately at Crib Point, it was found

that the sex ratio did not differ from 1:1 (p > 0.05) for any

sampling occasion. When comparing the size frequency

histograms for B. arenosus at Crib Point it can be seen that there

was only one cohort of individuals present each month (CL 4-5

Number of ghost shrimps

S.N. Butler, M. Reid & F.L. Bird

b. May 2004

c. June 2004

f. September 2004

n = 7

n-, — 1

g. October 2004

n = 23

h=h , , , ,

h. November 2004

n = 13

„E

i. December 2004

n = 32

= B .

;ia

j. January 2005

n = 8

. . u

<1 1 23456789 10

k. February 2005

I. March 2005

n = 15

a 0 y a

<1 123456789 10

CL (mm)

Figure 6. Carapace length (CL) size frequency distributions for Biffarius arenosus collected at Wameet, Western Port in 2004-2005. Non-ovigerous

females are shown by black bars, ovigerous females by grey bars and males by open bars (n = number of shrimp collected). Individuals are grouped

into size classes by rounding to the closest mm from two decimal places. Arrows show mean CL of cohorts as calculated in FISAT II.

Number of ghost shrimps

Population biology of thalassinidean ghost shrimps in Western Port, Victoria

a. May 2006 f. November 2006

b. June 2006 g. December 2006

c. July 2006 h. January 2007

d. August 2006 i. February 2007

CL (mm)

Figure 7. Carapace length (CL) size frequency distributions for Biffarius arenosus collected at Wameet, Western Port in 2006-2007. Non-ovigerous

females are shown by black bars, ovigerous females by grey bars and males by open bars (n = number of shrimp collected). Individuals are grouped

into size classes by rounding to the closest mm from two decimal places. Arrows indicate mean CL of cohorts calculated in FISAT II.

Number of ghost shrimps

S.N. Butler, M. Reid & F.L. Bird

a. April 2006

b. October 2006

c. November 2006

d. December 2006

e. January 2007

f. February 2007

g. April 2007

CL (mm)

Figure 8. Carapace length (CL) size frequency distributions for Biffarius arenosus collected at Crib Point, Western Port in 2006-2007. Non-ovigerous

females are shown by black bars, ovigerous females by grey bars and males by open bars (n = number of shrimp collected). Individuals are grouped

into size classes by rounding to the closest mm from two decimal places. Arrows show mean CL for cohorts as calculated in FISAT II.

Population biology of thalassinidean ghost shrimps in Western Port, Victoria

mm, fig. 8, see arrows) except in April 2007 where there were

two cohorts identified at mean carapace length 2-3mm and

5-6mm. This second cohort may represent a higher number of

juveniles entering these populations in this month. The other

months are consistent with data from Warneet, indicating a

similar size structure in the populations from both sites.

Overall in 2004-2005 and 2006-2007 at Warneet, there

was little change in the sex ratio of B. arenosus both overall

and throughout time (1:1, 0.8:1 and 0.7:1 respectively). There

was also only one cohort of individuals throughout the

sampling periods and juveniles were present in most samples.

Reproduction o/ Biffarius arenosus

In 2004-2005 a total of 3 1 ovigerous females out of 172 females

were collected. The reproductive period, as represented by the

presence of ovigerous females, occurred with a small peak in

April 2004 and then from September 2004 to February 2005

(fig. 5b). There was a clear succession in the presence of

ovigerous females with early stage developed (eyed) embryos

and ovigerous females with late stage developed (uneyed)

embryos. Eyed embryos were present on ovigerous females

from September to January with a peak in November while

uneyed embryos were present on females from October to

February with a peak in February (fig. 5b).

In 2006-2007 at Warneet a total of 63 ovigerous females

out of 348 females were collected. The reproductive period

occurred from September 2006 to March 2007 (fig. 5d). This is

the same pattern as occurred in 2004-2005 however the

reproductive period was slightly longer with ovigerous females

present in January and February in 2007. The succession in the

Figure 9. Relationships between embryo volume (mm 3 ) and body size

(CL 3 = carapace length 3 ) for females of Trypaea australiensis and

Biffarius arenosus. Embryos were from females collected from March

2006 to May 2007 at Warneet and Crib Point, Western Port.

stage of embryo development seen in 2004-2005 was not as

apparent in 2006-2007 with uneyed embryos present on

females from November to March and eyed embryos present

also from November to March (fig. 5d). At Crib Point there

were 24 ovigerous females out of a total of 81 females collected

in 2006-2007 and the period of ovigerous females was generally

consistent with 2004-2005 and 2006-2007 at Warneet.

Ovigerous females were found at Crib Point from October

2006 to February 2007 and again in April 2007 (fig. 5f).

Embryo and clutch size

Embryo size (expressed as volume, mm 3 ) for T. australiensis

(mean ±SD = 0.33 ±0.05 mm 3 , n = 380) was significantly larger

than for B. arenosus (0.10 ±0.02 mm 3 , n= 400) (t- test; t-19.1,

n - 37, p < 0.001). The relationships between embryo volume

(mm 3 ) and female body size (as carapace length, mm) for both

B. arenosus and T. australiensis are shown in fig. 9. The

correlations between embryo volume and total length ( r =

0.249 for B. arenosus and r = -0.047 for T. australiensis ) were

not significant (p > 0.05).

The mean clutch size for T. australiensis (313 ± 226) was

significantly larger than for B. arenosus (96 ± 54) (t test; t =

4.7, df - 37, p < 0.001). A significant relationship between

clutch size and female body size (as carapace length, mm) was

detected for both B. arenosus (ANOVA; F = 20.62, df = 18, p

< 0.001, r 2 - 0.51) and T. australiensis (ANOVA; F - 53.09, df

- 17, p < 0.001, r 2 - 0.74) (fig. 10). The linear regression

equations for B. arenosus (y = 1.38 x - 22.03) and T.

australiensis (y = 0.82 x - 241.66) describe the relationship

between clutch size and female body size for each species.

Figure 10. Linear regression of clutch size (number of embryos per

female) and body size (CL 3 = carapace length 3 ) for females of Trypaea

australiensis and Biffarius arenosus. Females were from March 2006

to May 2007 sampling at Warneet and Crib Point, Western Port.

S.N. Butler, M. Reid & F.L. Bird

Table 1. Comparison of the size of the smallest male and female, the largest male and female, the smallest ovigerous female, the mean embryo

size (uneyed) (diameter and volume), the clutch size range, the reproductive period (by presence of ovigerous females), season at time of

reproduction (main reproductive season) and the presence of juveniles for Trypaea australiensis collected in a number of studies throughout

Australia. All size measurements are for carapace length (CL) in mm.

Locality

Western

Port,

Victoria

Western

Port,

Victoria

Moreton

Bay,

Queensland

Western

Port,

Victoria

Cleveland

Bay, North

Queensland

Moreton

Bay,

Queensland

Port

Hacking,

New South

Wales

Shoalhaven

River,

New South

Wales

Moray a

River,

New South

Wales

Smallest male

collected

(CL mm)

2-3

3-5

2-3

3-6*

Smallest female

collected

(CL mm)

3-4

2-3

3-5

3-4

4-6*

Largest male

collected

(CL mm)

14-15

15*

Largest female

collected

(CL mm)

11-12

16*

Smallest

ovigerous female

collected

(CL mm)

5-6

Embryo

volume (mm 3 )

0.19-0.63

Embryo

diameter (mm)

0.70-1.16

Mean embryo

diameter (mm)

0.87

0.61

0.67

0.61

Clutch size

(range)

50-793

92-2236

723-3259

663-4738

636-1363

Reproductive

period

Aug-Dec

Aug-Jan

Mar-Nov

- with peaks

in April and

Sept

Aug - Jan

- with a

major peak

September

May - Oct

- with major

peaks in May

and Aug

Oct, Mar,

July, Aug,

Dec and Feb

Jan-Oct

- with a

major peak

in Feb-Mar

Jan-Aug

- with a

major peak

in Feb-Mar

Jan-May

- with a

major peak

in Jan-Feb

Main

reproductive

season

Spring

Autumn

Spring

Autumn/

Winter

All seasons

Summer/

Autumn

Summer/

Autumn

Summer

Presence of

juveniles

All

months

except

Jan

All

months

Spring

All months

except Mar,

Apr and

July

All seasons

Spring and

Summer

Spring and

Summer

Spring and

Summer

Reference

Current

study

2004

-2005

Current

study

2006

-2007

Hailstone

and Stephson

1961

Coleman

1981

Kenway

1981

McPhee and

Skilleter

2002a

Rotherham

and West

2007, 2009

Rotherham

and West

2007, 2009

Rotherham

and West

2007, 2009

* CL calculated using the linear equations described in Hailstone & Stephenson (1961): Male CL = 0.242 TL - 1.686; Female CL =

0.19 TL+ 0.410.

Population biology of thalassinidean ghost shrimps in Western Port, Victoria

Table 2. Comparison of the size of the smallest male and female, the largest male and female, the smallest ovigerous female, the mean embryo

size (uneyed) (diameter and volume), the clutch size range, the reproductive period (by presence of ovigerous females), season at time of

reproduction (main reproductive season) and the presence of juveniles for Biffarius arenosus collected in a number of studies throughout

Australia. All size measurements are for carapace length (CL) in mm.

Locality

Western Port, Victoria

Smallest male collected (CL mm)

2-3

1-2

Smallest female collected (CL mm)

2-3

Largest male collected (CL mm)

8-9

Largest female collected (CL mm)

7-8

Smallest ovigerous female collected

(CL mm)

3-4

4-5

Embryo volume (mm 3 )

0.06-0.22

Embryo diameter (mm)

0.48-0.77

Mean embryo diameter (mm)

0.55

Clutch size (range)

31-216

Reproductive period

Sept - Feb

Sept - Feb, Mar - May

Aug - Nov, Nov - Mar

Main reproductive season

Spring

Spring/ Summer

Presence of juveniles

Apr- June, Aug - Sept,

Dec, Feb - Mar

All months

Mar- June, Sept - Oct

Reference

Current study 2004-2005

Current study 2006-2007

Coleman 1981

Discussion

There were general consistencies in the population structure

and reproductive periods for Trypaea australiensis and

Biffarius arenosus compared with previous studies. In

particular, the current study showed very similar results to the

study by Coleman (1981) from Western Port with the only

main difference being slightly smaller T. australiensis males

collected in the current study (Table 1). Similar sized

individuals and the same reproductive period was found for B.

arenosus. However, smaller ovigerous females of B. arenosus

were found in the current study compared with Coleman (1981,

Table 2). Hence, the smallest size limit of juveniles of B.

arenosus can be revised to a carapace length of < 3 mm rather

than a carapace length of < 4 mm as suggested by Coleman

(1981).

Further differences in the biology of T. australiensis exist

between the southern and northern Australian populations

(see Table 1). In Moreton Bay, Queensland, the smallest male

T. australiensis were 1-2 mm larger than the smallest male

found in Western Port (Hailstone and Stephenson, 1961

compared to the current study). Also the largest male and

female T. australiensis individuals were approximately 4 mm

larger than the largest males and females found in the current

study (Hailstone and Stephenson, 1961). In Cleveland Bay,

North Queensland the smallest and largest males and females

collected were also larger (approximately 4 mm) than those

found in Western Port in the current study (Kenway, 1981).

Size differences in ovigerous females of T. australiensis are

also apparent with the smallest ovigerous females found in

Moreton Bay (Hailstone and Stephenson, 1961) being larger (8

mm CL) than the ovigerous females found in Western Port

(5-6 mm CL, Coleman 1981). In contrast, males and females

collected from populations in south-eastern New South Wales

were similar in size to those found in Western Port (Rotherham

and West, 2009).

Latitudinal or site differences in sizes of individuals of the

same species have been found for a number of different

organisms throughout Australia. For example the carapace

width of western rock lobster ( Panulirus cygnus ) females that

carry two broods of embryos, has been found to decline

progressively with decreasing latitudes (de Lestang and

Melville-Smith, 2006), the size of individuals and growth rate

of near-shore tropical squids Loliolus noctiluca was found to

decrease from northern Queensland to southern New South

Wales (Jackson and Moltschaniwskyj, 2001) and the mangroves

Avicenna marina, are found to be up to 15 metres taller in

northern areas of Australia than in Western Port, Victoria

(Edgar, 2001). Reasons for the differences in sizes of

individuals between latitudes include increases in growth rate

due to warmer temperatures (Lonsdale and Levinton, 1985),

latitudinal changes in food availability (Dumbald et al., 1996)

S.N. Butler, M. Reid & F.L. Bird

and limiting environmental properties such as temperature or

salinity (Hanekom and Erasmus, 1988). For thalassinidean

shrimps, Berkenbusch and Rowden (2000) found differences

in the size of latitudinally different populations of the species

Callianassa filholi. They found that there was no consistent

trend in size differences from north to south with the mid-

latitudinal populations growing to larger sizes than the other

populations studied and it was suggested that food availability

may have been the determining factor in the geographical

differences in size of this species.

The size of the smallest ovigerous female did not vary

substantially between northern and southern populations of 7

australiensis (ranged from 5 - 8 mm, Table 1) however, the

ovigerous females collected by McPhee and Skilleter (2002a)

in Moreton Bay were much smaller (3 mm CL) than any

reported elsewhere (Hailstone and Stephenson, 1961; Coleman,

1981; Kenway, 1981; Rotherham and West, 2009). Rotherham

and West (2009) suggested that the small 7. australiensis

females reported in McPhee and Skilleter (2002a) were

probably misidentified B. arenosus.

Another major difference between northern and southern

Australian studies of T. australiensis occurs in the timing of

the reproductive period (as shown by the presence of ovigerous

females). In Moreton Bay and Cleveland Bay (Hailstone and

Stephenson, 1961; Kenway, 1981; McPhee and Skilleter,

2002a), some of the reproductive period was in spring and

summer but there was also a main peak in autumn and winter.

In south-eastern New South Wales, reproductive period also

peaked in summer with ovigerous females still present in the

population in early Autumn (Rotherham and West, 2009). In

contrast, the reproductive period in Western Port was restricted

to spring and summer (Coleman, 1981, the current study

2004-2005 and 2006-2007). Hailstone and Stephenson (1961)

found that greater than 90 percent of females were ovigerous

in the main reproductive period (April) in Moreton Bay, which

is similar to the proportions found by Coleman (1981) in

Western Port, and Rotherham and West (2009) in south-eastern

New South Wales. However, McPhee and Skilleter (2002a)

found only 5.1% of females to be ovigerous, which is similar to

the current study where 4% and 14% of T. australiensis females

were found to be ovigerous in 2004-2005 and 2006-2007

respectively. This is an interesting finding as the most recent

studies found less ovigerous females than studies conducted

over 20 years earlier, perhaps a reflection of the large increase

in collection of these species for bait in these areas during this

period (McPhee and Skilleter, 2002b; Contessa and Bird,

2004). It has been suggested that large individuals are collected

for bait in preference to smaller individuals (McPhee and

Skilleter, 2002b) and this would include removing sexually

mature or ovigerous females from the populations. Future

studies may consider comparing the number of ovigerous

females to see if this trend continues in areas of heavy bait

collection.

More variability in the population structure of T.

australiensis and B. arenosus was seen in the sex ratio of

males to females. A variable sex ratio was found for T.

australiensis while the sex ratio of B. arenosus was generally

1:1 or female biased. The sex ratio for T. australiensis was

significantly female biased in August and September

2004-2005 and then significantly male biased in June and

September 2006 and February and April 2007. Variability in

sex ratio from male to female bias was also seen at Crib Point

for T. australiensis. The sex ratio for B. arenosus was much

less variable than for T. australiensis in the current study.

Rarely, the ratio varied from 1:1 in 2004-2005 at Warneet and

2006-2007 at Crib Point. In 2006-2007 at Warneet there was a

significant sex bias towards females. In the study by Coleman

(1981), sex ratios were not statistically described but size

frequency histograms for males and females of T. australiensis

and B. arenosus seem to show an even number of males and

females. This was variable in some months, consistent with

the current findings.

For many species of thalassinidean shrimps (including

previous findings of T. australiensis ) a sex ratio of 1:1

[Nihonotrypaea harmandi (as Callianassa japonica)-, Tamaki

et ah, 1997, Callianassa filholi, Berkenbusch and Rowden,

1998] or a sex ratio biased towards females has been found (T.

australiensis; Hailstone and Stephenson, 1961, T. australiensis ;

Kenway, 1981, Lepidophthalmus (as Callianassa )

louisianensis; Felder and Lovett, 1989, Callichirus major,

Botter-Carvalho et ah, 2007; T. australiensis-, Rotherham and

West, 2009). There are a few exceptions where a male biased

sex ratio occurs such as the study by Kevrekidis et al. (1997)

that found Upogebia pusilla, to have a predominantly male sex

bias in the Evros Delta, Aegean Sea. Rowden and Jones (1994)

also found a male biased sex ratio for Callianassa subterranea

in the North Sea. Although there are suggestions for sex bias

in the literature, such as the loss of males through fighting,

migration or predation (Felder and Lovett 1989; Dumbauld et

al. 1996) or bias due to sampling gear efficiency (Rowden and

Jones, 1994), it really is unclear how or why sex ratio bias

occurs (Dworschak, 1998).

Interestingly in this study, there was a male biased sex

ratio in the smaller individuals or juveniles (71 australiensis

CL < 5 mm and B. arenosus CL < 3 mm) in 2004/ 2005 for 7.

australiensis and B. arenosus and in 2006/ 2007 at Crib Point

for 7. australiensis only. Rotherham and West (2009) also

found a male biased sex ratio in the small size classes (< 6 mm

CL) of populations of 7. australiensis in south-eastern New

South Wales. Other studies have reported a consistent male

sex bias in smaller individuals of ghost shrimps even when

there is a female sex bias in adults. For example, in Piedade

Beach, north eastern Brazil, the sex ratio of Callichirus major

was male biased in smaller individuals under 7 mm carapace

length (Botter-Carvalho et al., 2007). Botter-Carvalho et al.,

(2007) suggested that although it is uncertain why a male

biased sex ratio occurs in smaller individuals there may be

some sampling biased imposed by using a bait pump to collect

shrimps. Bait pumping has been suggested to selectively

favour the collection of females as they occupy higher positions

in the burrow more frequently (Rowden and Jones, 1994).

Males are also faster and more vigorous in escaping the

sampling technique of bait pumping (Botter-Carvalho et al.,

2007). In the current study a male biased sex ratio in juveniles

was found at Warneet for both B. arenosus and 7. australiensis

in 2004-2005 and not 2006-2007 at Warneet. This supports

Population biology of thalassinidean ghost shrimps in Western Port, Victoria

the idea that bait pumping may preferentially collect females

in the larger sizes as individuals collected in 2004-2005 were

collected using a bait pump and in 2006-2007 they were

removed through hand excavation of cores. Therefore, it is

unclear if there are any ecological explanations of the variable

sex ratio found in this study or if it is simply a product of the

sampling efficiency.

In both 2004-2005 and 2006-2007, the population of T.

australiensis comprised of two cohorts of individuals. This

supports Hailstone and Stephenson’s (1961) suggestion that

this species lives for two years. There was however, no

progression of these cohorts through time, again similar to

findings of Hailstone and Stephenson (1961) and Coleman

(1981) who suggested that a lack of progression in the mean

size of cohort modes can imply a negligible growth rate or

balanced recruitment and loss in the population. Individuals

move into the population through larval recruitment (Dakin

and Colefax, 1940; Hailstone and Stephenson, 1961) but it has

also been suggested that individuals of T. australiensis could

move between areas by burrowing or crawling on the surface

of the substratum (Hailstone and Stephenson, 1961; Coleman,

1981) resulting in a highly dynamic population structure for

this species.

For B. arenosus, generally only one cohort of individuals

was seen each month in both 2004-2005 and 2006-2007. As

with T. australiensis there was no progression of the mean

carapace length of the cohorts of B. arenosus over time,

prohibiting any estimation of growth. Coleman (1981) found

similar results for B. arenosus in Western Port in 1981. No

progression in the mean carapace lengths through time may

suggest that as with T. australiensis the population is highly

dynamic with constant recruitment and/ or migration into the

population. Alternatively, with only one cohort present each

month this species may only live for one year. No data is

available on the development of B. arenosus, either larval

stages or growth parameters therefore further study is needed

so that inferences can be made about the age and life cycle of

this species.

The fecundity of each species was shown through

measurements of clutch and embryo size. The clutch size was

positively correlated with the size of females for both species,

which is consistent with many other studies of thalassinidean

shrimps (e.g. Dworschak, 1988; Berkenbusch and Rowden,

2000; Kubo et ah, 2006; Rotherham and West, 2009). Trypaea

australiensis had significantly larger embryos and a

significantly larger clutch size than B. arenosus, a result which

is not surprising since T. australiensis females are much larger

than B. arenosus females.

Rotherham and West (2009) found that T. australiensis

had on average smaller embryos in the Moruya River, New

South Wales than the mean embryo sizes found in the current

study for T. australiensis in Western Port. This pattern of

smaller embryo size occurring at higher latitudes (New South

Wales compared with Victoria) is consistent with Berkenbusch

and Rowden (2000) who found that the embryo size of

Callianassa filholi increased significantly with higher

latitudes. The sites sampled by Berkenbusch and Rowden

(2000) that showed differences in embryo sizes were separated

by greater than 5° in latitude which is similar to the degree of

separation between the sites sampled by Rotherham and West

(2009) and the sites sampled in the current study. Kubo et al.

(2006) also found a latitudinal gradient in the size of ghost

shrimps ( Nihonotrypaea japonica and N. harmandi ) embryos,

again with the smaller embryos at higher latitude. Berkenbusch

and Rowden (2000) summarised literature that showed that

food availability may be a driving factor of latitudinal

differences in embryo size. In contrast, Kubo et al. (2006)

attributed latitudinal differences in embryo size to differences

in temperature. For example, the higher the latitude the cooler

the water and therefore the larger the embryo size [as seen for

N. japonica (cooler waters) and N. harmandi (warmer waters)]

(Kubo et al., 2006). Further evidence for temperature being

the primary factor is shown by Kubo et al. (2006) for N.

japonica in Ariake Sound, where embryos produced in winter

to spring were larger than embryos produced in summer. In

Australia, it is unknown whether it is temperature, food

availability or some other factor that leads to a latitudinal

difference in the embryo size of T. australiensis however as

Rotherham and West (2009) describe, there is a known

temperature gradient from north (lower latitudes) to south

(higher latitudes) along the east coast of Australia suggesting

that temperature may be the primary factor for latitudinal

differences in Australia.

The clutch size of T. australiensis was also reported by

Rotherham and West (2009). The range of clutch sizes for T.

australiensis in the current study is at the lower end of this

range found in Rotherham and West (2009). This may be due

to a ‘trade-off’ in the need for T. australiensis to produce

larger embryos in cooler waters in Victoria and therefore less

embryos and a smaller clutch size. This was suggested as a

possible reproductive trait of N. japonica by Kubo et al. (2006)

where the embryos produced in winter were larger and the

clutch size was reduced due to the need to produce embryos

with higher nutrients to withstand ‘nutritional stress’ brought

about by winter conditions (Paschke et al., 2004).

Kubo et al. (2006) compared the population biology,

particularly fecundity, of many thalassinidean shrimp species

from around the world. From these comparisons it was shown

that shrimps with similar embryo and clutch sizes had very

similar life history traits. For example, Nihonotrypaea

harmandi and N. petalura have similar embryo volumes to

Callianassa filholi, C. subterranean and Neotrypaea

calif orniensis all of which have four or five zoeal stages and

relatively long planktonic periods (>15 days). Seven other

species in this comparison ( Callichirus (as Callianassa)

kraussi, Neocallichirus (as Callianassa ) kewalramanii,

Callichirus major, Lepidophthalmus louisianensis, L.

sinuensis, Pestarella tyrrhena, and Sergio mirim) had larger

embryos and had only two to three planktotrophic/

lecithotrophic zoeal stages with shorter planktonic periods

(<14 days). This comparative information is useful in predicting

the type of life history pattern that a particular species might

have. There have been a number of studies on the life history

of Trypaea australiensis that show the number of zoeal stages

and planktonic period for this species. However for Biffarius

arenosus, there is very little information. The mean embryo

S.N. Butler, M. Reid & F.L. Bird

volume of Biffarius arenosus found in the current study falls

into the group of species reported by Kubo et al. (2006) that

have smaller embryos (<0.180 mm 3 ) and therefore it is predicted

that B. arenosus would have around 4-5 zoeal stages and a

relatively longer planktonic period. The embryos of Trypaea

australiensis fall into the group of species reported by Kubo et

al. (2006) that have larger embryos (embryo volume > 0.180

mm 3 ) and this suggests that the life cycle of T. australiensis

would have two to three zoeal stages. Unfortunately, these

predictions need to be taken with some caution as previous

studies of the life history of T. australiensis have showed that

T. australiensis has six larval planktonic stages with a relatively

long period of larval development (up to 6 weeks) (Dakin and

Colefax, 1940; Hailstone and Stephenson, 1961), a result which

is not consistent with the evidence presented by Kubo et al.

(2006). Therefore, although this summary by Kubo et al.

(2006) is useful in making some predictions about the life

history of these species (particularly B. arenosus ) further

laboratory studies are required to definitively observe the life

cycle of these species.

Conclusions

This study has provided information about the population

structure of T. australiensis and B. arenosus that confirms

previous findings about these species in Western Port (Coleman,

1981), but shows some key differences between Western Port

populations and northern and eastern Australian populations

(Hailstone and Stephenson, 1961; Kenway, 1981; McPhee and

Skilleter, 2002a; Rotherdam and West, 2007; Rotherham and

West, 2009). It also provides new information on the fecundity of

both species, in particular B. arenosus. The main differences

between findings from this study and others occurred in the time

of breeding seasons and small variations in the timing of

recruitment of juveniles into the populations. There was also

significant evidence that there are latitudinal differences in the

size of individuals and the fecundity of T. australiensis along the

east coast of Australia. These findings are consistent with other

latitudinal studies of ghost shrimp biology around the world (e.g.

Berkenbusch and Rowden, 2000; Kubo et al., 2006) and suggest

that further environmental data should be collected alongside

population data so that factors contributing to these latitudinal

differences can be determined. Furthermore, given that there are

some differences in the population dynamics of the same species

of ghost shrimps at different latitudes, any studies investigating

ghost shrimps for use as indicators of benthic habitats need to

take into account local differences in population biology.

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the Department of Zoology, La Trobe

University, for their support throughout this study. We would

also sincerely like to thank Drs G.C.B. Poore and A.J. Boxshall

and Prof. T.R. New for their help with scientific details and

editorial feedback. Many thanks to staff from the San Remo

office of Parks Victoria, and to all of the hard working

volunteers for their help with fieldwork. Financial support for

this project was provided by an Australian Postgraduate Award

(to SNB) and a Parks Victoria Research Partners Grant.

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Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 61-69 (2009)

ISSN 1447-2546 (Print) 1447-2554 (On-line)

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Iphimedia poorei , a new species of Iphimediidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from the

New^ outh Wales Australian coast

Ch. O. Coleman 1 and J.K. Lowry 2

1 Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin, InvalidenstraBe 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany (oliver.coleman@mfn-berlin.de)

2 Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia (jim.lowry@austmus.gov.au)

Abstract Coleman, C.O. and Lowry, J.K. 2009. Iphimedia poorei, a new species of Iphimediidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from the

New South Wales Australian coast. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 61-69.

The new species Iphimedia poorei is described and illustrated in detail. It differs very much from all known species

of the genus by its numerous, extravagant dorsal processes, stout spines on all coxal plates, cuspidate basis and the drawn

out, pointed merus on each of pereopods 5-7.

Keywords Crustacea, Amphipoda, Iphimediidae, taxonomy, new species, Australia

Introduction

Recently the number of taxa of Iphimediidae recognized has

been significantly increased, especially due to descriptions of

new species of Iphimedia from the Indo-West Pacific and the

coasts of Australia (Coleman and Lowry, 2006). Lowry and

Myers (2003) described six species of Iphimedia from New

Caledonia, Papua New Guinea and Thailand. Coleman and

Lowry (2006) reviewed the Australian iphimediid fauna and

described six additional species, based on collections from

around the entire coastline. This brought the total number of

known Australian species to ten. It was therefore unexpected

when a new and highly conspicuous species of Iphimediidae

was recently collected on the rather well sampled coast of New

South Wales. This species is described herein.

Material was fixed in 70% ethanol. Pencil drawings were

made with a camera lucida on a Leica Wild M5 dissecting

microscope and a Olympus BX50 compound microscope. The

line drawings were made using the technique described in

Coleman (2003). Length measurements were made along the

dorsal outline of the animals, beginning at the tip of the

rostrum to the end of the urosome. The material is deposited

in the Australian Museum, Sydney.

Iphimediidae Boeck, 1871

Iphimedia Rathke, 1843

Iphimedia poorei sp. nov.

Figures 1-7

Type material. Holotype, female, 5.2 mm, AM P74747, north side of

Burrewarra Point, south of Batemans Bay, New South Wales, Australia

(35°49'53"S 150°14'6"E), Australian Museum Party, 27 March 2004

(NSW 2606).

Type locality. Burrewarra Point, south of Batemans Bay, New

South Wales, Australia (35°49'53"S 150°14'6"E).

Etymology. The species is named for Dr. Gary C. B. Poore to

thank him for his great contributions to the knowledge of

crustaceans.

Diagnosis. Pereonites and pleonites covered with dorsal,

dorsolateral and lateral spines. Maxilla 1 palp much shorter

than outer plate. Maxilliped palp 3 -articulate, article 2

distomedially strongly expanded into rounded lobe, guarding

along article 3 and almost reaching its apex. Pereopods 1-7

coxae with spines on lateral faces. Pereopods 5-7 each with

spiny basis and considerably drawn out and pointed merus.

Description. Based on holotype, female, 5.2 mm.

Head. Head with rather straight rostrum, with dorsal

elevated ridge; eyes round, bulging; anterior head margin

angularly pointed; ventral margin rounded. Antenna 1 with

massive peduncle article 1, expanded distally into 2

anteromedially directed spines; peduncle article 2 with short

lateral and very long medial distal spine, the latter surpassing

article 3; accessory flagellum vestigial, only consisting of short

scale; flagellum short, consisting of 9 articles. Antenna 2

peduncle article 1 scale-like with additional rounded lobe;

article 2 with truncate gland cone; article 3 expanded distally

and drawn out into a spine laterally; article 4 subequal to 5,

distally expanded and acutely drawn out laterally; article 5

subrectangular; flagellum consisting of 10 articles. Mouthparts

bundled into a tapering cone. Labrum ( upper lip) longer than

wide, tapering with rounded apex. Mandibles long, slender,

C.O. Coleman and J.K. Lowry

Figure la-h. Iphimedia poorei sp. nov., holotype, female 5.2 mm. a) left side of habitus; b) dorsal view; c) hypopharynx (lower lip); d) left

mandible; e) right mandible; f) palp of left mandible; g) palp of right mandible; h) labrum (upper lip). Scale bars: a-b) 1 mm; c-h) 100 pm.

Iphimedia poorei, a new species of Iphimediidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from the New South Wales Australian coast

Figure 2a-e. Iphimedia poorei sp. nov., holotype, female 5.2 mm. a) antenna 1; b) antenna 2; c) maxilla 1; d) apex of maxilla 2; e) outline of

maxilla 2. Scale bars: a-e) 100 pm.

C.O. Coleman and J.K. Lowry

Figure 3a-d. Iphimedia poorei sp. nov., holotype, female 5.2 mm. a) outline of maxilliped; b) outer plate of maxilliped; c) inner plate of

maxilliped; d) palp of maxilliped. Scale bars: a-d) lOO^m.

Iphimedia poorei, a new species of Iphimediidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from the New South Wales Australian coast

Figure 4a-f. Iphimedia poorei sp. nov., holotype, female 5.2 mm. a) gnathopod 1; b) chela of gnathopod 1; c) chela of gnathopod 2; d) gnathopod

2 (seta on chela omitted); e-f) broken off carpus to dactylus of pereopods. Scale bars: a, d, e-f) 500 pm; b-c) 100 pm.

C.O. Coleman and J.K. Lowry

Figure 5a-d. Iphimedia poorei sp. nov., holotype, female 5.2 mm. a) pereopod 3; b) pereopod 4; c) pereopod 5; d) pleopod 1. Scale bars: a-c) 500

pm; d) 100 pm.

Iphimedia poorei, a new species of Iphimediidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from the New South Wales Australian coast

Figure 6a-f. Iphimedia poorei sp. nov., holotype, female 5.2 mm. a) pereopod 6; b) uropod 2; c) uropod 1; d) uropod 3; e) telson; f) pereopod 7.

Scale bars: a, f) 500 pm; b-e) 100 pm.

C.O. Coleman and J.K. Lowry

Figure 7. Iphimedia poorei sp. nov., holotype, female 5.2 mm. Photography of the habitus

with narrow apex; molar and spine row wanting; palp

3-articulate; left mandible with inconspicuous lacinia mobilis.

Hypopharynx ( lower lip) with medially notched lobes,

hypopharyngeal processes narrow. Maxilla 1 inner plate

narrow, pointed, with 5 mediomarginal setae; outer plate

distally oblique with 10 serrate setal-teeth; palp 2-articulate,

much shorter than outer plate. Maxilla 2 outer lobe narrower

and longer than inner plate, with long setae; inner plate with

shorter and stouter setae. Maxilliped slender; inner plate

apically truncate with stout and several long and slender setae,

long slender setae on medial margin; outer plate slender and

tapering distally into subacute apex; palp article 1 long,

expanded posteriorly; article 2 half the width of article 1,

distomedially strongly expanded into rounded lobe, guarding

along article 3 and almost reaching its apex; article 3 about

half the width of article 2; apices of articles 2 and 3 with a

dense tuft of slender setae.

Pereon. Pereonite 1 with a rounded anteriorly directed

lobe on the front margin; on both sides 2 spines anterolaterally,

1 dorsolateral spine, 2 posterolateral spines and a pair of mid-

dorsal spines at the posterior segmental border. Pereonite 2

shortest, on both sides with 2 lateral spines, 1 dorsolateral

spine and a pair of mid-dorsal spines, accompanied by a pair

of small spines anteriorly. Pereonite 3 on both sides with 2

lateral spines plus 1 small spine ventrally of those, 1 dorsolateral

spine and a pair of mid-dorsal accompanied by a pair of shorter

spines posteriorly. Pereonites 4-6 on both sides with 2 lateral

spines plus 1 small spine ventrally of those, and an arrangement

of 2 pairs of bilobed wide carinate spines. Pereonite 7 on both

sides with 2 lateral spines plus 1 small ventral spine, a

dorsolateral spine and anteriorly with a bilobed mid-dorsal

carina followed by 2 pairs of spines posteriorly. Gnathopod 1

coxa strongly tapering, apically pointed, anterior margin with

slender prominent spine; basis long expanded distally; ischium

and merus subequal in length; carpus 1.3 x propodus; propodus

slightly curved, forming a chela with dactylus. Gnathopod 2

coxa strongly tapering, apically pointed, anterior margin with

slender prominent spine, longer and stronger than that of coxa

1; basis subrectangular; ischium and merus subequal, shorter

and those of gnathopod 1; merus and carpus subequal;

propodus 1.3 x carpus length, setose apically only, forming a

stouter chela compared to gnathopod 1. Pereopod 3 with wider

coxa compared to gnathopods, with spine on lateral face; basis

wide, rounded narrow lobe distally; ischium short, wide,

slightly curved anteriorly, rounded narrow lobe distally; merus

anterodistally acutely drawn out; carpus to dactylus broken

off. Pereopod 4 with 2 spines on lateral face and a subacute

lobe posteromarginally; basis to merus as for pereopod 3;

carpus to dactylus broken off. Pereopod 5 coxa wider than

long, rounded anteriorly, with a rounded slightly ventrally

expanded lobe, 2 stout spines on lateral face directed

posteriorly; basis wide, 2 spines posteromarginally, ventral

Iphimedia poorei, a new species of Iphimediidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from the New South Wales Australian coast

spine longer, posteroventrally lobate, anteroventrally produced;

ischium produced anterodistally; merus, widened distally,

acutely drawn out posterodistally; carpus to dactylus broken

off. Pereopod 6 coxa slightly wider than long, anteriorly

straight, small posterior lobe, 2 strong spines on lateral face;

basis similar to that of pereopod 5 but larger and posteroventral

lobe pronounced; ischium as for pereopod 5; merus

dramatically drawn out posterodistally, posterior margin with

1 protrusion; carpus to dactylus broken off. Pereopod 7 coxa

smallest with one stout spine posteriorly; basis similar to that

of pereopod 6, but wider; ischium as for pereopod 6; merus

similar in shape to that of pereopod 6 but longer and wider and

with 2 posteromarginal subacute protrusions.

Pleon. Pleonite 1 with a similar mid-dorsal and dorsolateral

arrangement as pereonite 7; epimeron with a long narrow

pointed posterolateral process and an additional spine, ventral

margin narrowly rounded. Pleonite 2 with a small rounded

anterior protrusion and a posterior pair of double spines mid-

dorsally, 1 dorsolateral spine on both sides; epimeron with a

posterolateral spine, posteroventral corner with pointed spine.

Pleonite 3 with a large bilobed carina and a posterior pair of

double spines mid-dorsally, 1 dorsolateral spine on both sides;

epimeron with a posterolateral slightly upward curved spine

and an equally long pointed spine at the posteroventral angle.

Pleopods normal, inner ramus slightly longer than outer.

Urosome. Urosomite 1 with short narrow rounded mid-

dorsal process somewhat directing anteriorly. Urosomite 2

shortest. Uropod 1 peduncle longer than rami; outer ramus

slightly shorter than inner; both rami without marginal spines

(except for minute apical ones on outer ramus). Uropod 2

peduncle subequal in length to inner ramus; outer ramus

shorter than inner, both rami without marginal spines. Uropod

3 peduncle short; rami lanceolate; outer ramus shorter than

inner, with marginal spines on outer margin; inner ramus with

only minute spines. Telson about as long as wide, emarginate.

Remarks. This species has a very special habitus that differs

from all other Australian iphimediids and is superficially similar

to some species in the Antarctic genus Echiniphimedia K.H.

Barnard, 1930. Similar to this genus Iphimedia poorei sp. nov.

has several rows of spines on the dorsal side of its pereon and

pleon, as well as on the face of the coxae, mid-dorsal carinae on

some segments and a typical arrangement of paired dorsal

processes (sometimes combined with a mid-dorsal carina) on

the posterior pereon and the pleon that most iphimediids have.

However, the new species is not classified as Echiniphimedia

because of the following characters. In I. poorei the antenna 2

peduncular articles 3 and 4 are each drawn out into an apical

spine (vs spine-less); the mandibular incisors are narrow (vs

wider, dentate incisors); there are medioapical notches on the

hypopharyngeal lobes (vs unnotched); the palp of the maxilla 1

is much shorter than the outer plate (vs subequal or longer); the

palp of the maxilliped is 3-articulate with article 2 medioapically

strongly produced along article 3 (vs basic, 4— articulate without

any article medially produced); gnathopod 2 is weakly setose

only on the chela (vs dense setation along posterior margin of

carpus and propodus); the merus on pereopods 5-7 dramatically

drawn out posterodistally (vs only weakly drawn out).

A closer look shows that the new species is very similar in

several aspects to some species of Iphimedia. However, none of

these species of Iphimedia exhibits such an extraordinary dorsal

spination, spines on the face of the coxal plates and extremely

drawn out posterodistal angles of the merus on each of the

posterior pereopods as the new species. Traditionally, taxonomists

would have classified this species as a new genus, due to its

remarkable differences to all known species of Iphimediidae. We,

however, see this species embedded inside the genus Iphimedia.

It has morphological affinities to Iphimedia macrocystidis (K.H.

Barnard, 1932), Iphimedia magellanica Watling and Holman,

1980 and Iphimedia multidentata (Schellenberg, 1931), all species

known only from the Antarctic. They have the same arrangement

of the maxilliped palp article 2 projecting along article 3, a maxilla

1 palp which is shorter than the outer plate and an multicuspidate

basis of pereopod 7. A combination of some of these character

combinations can also be found within the Australian iphimediids:

Iphimedia beesleyae Coleman and Lowry, 2006, Iphimedia

oetkeri Coleman and Lowry, 2006 and Iphimedia filmersankeyi

Coleman and Lowry, 2006 have very similar mouthparts to the

new species. Iphimedia filmersankeyi is the most similar species

to I. poorei. The mandible, maxilla 1 and maxilliped only differ in

very small details; pereopods 5-7 each have a spiny basis with the

merus considerably drawn out and pointed.

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Charles Dominic Coleman for digitally

inking some of the illustrations and Roger T. Springthorpe for

providing the colour photography of the specimen. COC was

supported by an Australian Museum Visiting Fellowship.

References

Barnard, K.H. 1930. Crustacea. Part XI. Amphipoda. British Antarctic

(“Terra Nova”) Expedition, 1910. Natural History Report, Zoology

8(4): 307-454.

Barnard, K.H. 1932. Amphipoda. Discovery Reports, 5: 1-326.

Boeck, A. 1871. Crustacea Amphipoda borealia et arctica.

Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiana 1870:

83-280.

Coleman, C.O. 2003. Digital inking: How to make perfect line

drawings on computers. Organism, Diversity and Evolution,

Electronic Supplement 14: 1-14.

Coleman, C.O., and Lowry, J.K. 2006. Australian Iphimediidae

(Crustacea: Amphipoda). Organisms, Diversity and Evolution 6,

Electronic Supplement 9: 1-44.

Lowry, J.K., and Myers, A.A. 2003. New amphipod crustaceans from

the Indo-West Pacific (Amathillopsidae: Eusiridae: Iphimediidae).

Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51: 219-256.

Rathke, H. 1843. Beitrage zur Fauna Norwegens. Crustacea.

Verhandlungen der kaiserlichen Leopoldinischen-Carolinischen

Akademie der Naturforscher, Breslau, 20(1): 1-264, 264b, 264c.

Schellenberg, A. 1931. Gammariden und Caprelliden des

Magellangebietes, Siidgeorgiens und der Westantarktis. Further

Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901-1903

2(6): 1-290.

Watling, L., and Holman, H. 1980. New Amphipoda from the Southern

Ocean, with partial revisions of the Acanthonotozomatidae and

Paramphithoidae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of

Washington 93: 609-54.

Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 71-75 (2009)

ISSN 1447-2546 (Print) 1447-2554 (On-line)

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Paralamprops poorei , sp. nov. (Crustacea: Cumacea: Lampropidae), a new

Australian cumacean.

Sarah Gerken

Abstract

Keywords

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska, Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA

(sarah.gerken@uaa.alaska.edu)

Gerken, S. 2009. Paralamprops poorei, sp. nov. (Crustacea: Cumacea: Lampropidae), a new Australian cumacean.

Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 71-75.

Paralamprops is a small genus in the cumacean family Lampropidae. A new species, Paralamprops poorei sp. nov.

is described from the southern Australian continental slope. Paralamprops poorei can be distinguished from all other

Paralamprops by the combination of a toothed marginal carina, subequal antennular flagellae, maxillule without palp,

pereopods 3 and 4 in the female with rudimentary exopods, pereopod 5 with article proportions as in pereopods 3 and 4,

telson with 5 lateral setae and 3 equal terminal setae, and the male with three pairs of pleopods.

Lampropidae, Cumacea, Paralamprops, Crustacea

Introduction

The genus Paralamprops Sars, 1887 currently contains 19

species, with species ascribed to the genus from around the

world, with records from 232-5395 m. The difficulties of

collecting intact deep sea crustaceans are well known, and

Paralamprops is particularly difficult to collect in an

undamaged state, as the pereopods are generally quite long

and delicate and prone to damage. Of the 19 species in the

genus, 8 were erected on the basis of single specimens,

although P. semiornatus Fage, 1929 has been redescribed

from ample material by Roccatagliata (1994). Due to the

incomplete descriptions of some species ascribed to

Paralamprops, the generic diagnosis is quite variable,

including presence and absence of a maxillule palp, and it is

likely that the genus is not monophyletic.

Methods

Samples were collected with a WHOI epibenthic sled, fixed in

formalin on board the RV Franklin and transferred to 70%

ethanol at the Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia (NMV).

All material examined belongs to the collection of the Museum

Victoria. Specimens were temporarily mounted in a mixture

of 10% ethanol/ 90% glycerin and drawn with a Leica MZ16

dissecting microscope with camera lucida or a Leica DM LS2

compound microscope with camera lucida. Body length is

measured from the tip of the pseudorostrum to the posterior

border of pleonite 6. Figures were prepared in Adobe Illustrator

after the instructions in Coleman, 2003.

Lampropidae

Paralamprops Sars, 1887

Paralamprops poorei sp. nov.

Figures 1-2

Material examined. Holotype. Australia, Victoria, 76 km S of Point

Hicks (38 29 20 S - 38 26 49 S, 149 19 59 E - 149 20 47 E), 1840 m,

26/10/1988, col. Poore, Gary CB, NMV J59990 (ovigerous female).

Paratypes. Australia, Victoria, 76 km S of Point Hicks (38 29 20 S

- 38 26 49 S, 149 19 59 E - 149 20 47 E), 1840 m, 26/10/1988, col.

Poore, Gary CB, NMV J59992 (subadult female); J59991 (subadult

female dissected); J54394 (5 subadult males, 2 subadult females).

Diagnosis. Carapace with strongly toothed marginal carina,

with dorsolateral swellings, otherwise without setae or spines.

Antennule main flagellum and accessory flagellum subequal in

length. Maxillule without palp. Pereopods 3 and 4 in the female

with rudimentary exopods. Pereopod 5 shorter than basis of

pereopod 4, of 6 articles, article proportions similar to

pereopods 3 and 4. Male with 3 pairs of pleopods. Telson with

5 lateral setae, 3 equal terminal setae. Uropod exopod shorter

than endopod.

Description. Holotype ovigerous female, body length 12 mm.

Carapace surface smooth, with paired dorsolateral swellings,

dorsoventrally flattened, marginal carina with distinct large

teeth throughout, antennal notch absent; eyelobe less than 0.1

carapace length, no lenses present; carapace longer than

thoracic segments together (fig. 1A).

Paratype subadult female (fig. IB).

S. Gerken

Figure 1. Paralamprops poorei sp. nov., female: a, side view, holotype ovigerous female J5990; b, dorsal view subadult female, paratype J59992;

c-i, subadult female, paratype J59991; c, antennule; d, antenna; e, mandibles, broken; f, maxillule; g, maxilla; h, maxilliped 1; i, maxilliped 2.

Scale bars for side and dorsal view 1.0 mm, all other scale bars 0.1 mm.

Paralamprops poorei, sp. nov. (Crustacea: Cumacea: Lampropidae), a new Australian cumacean

Figure 2. Paralamprops poorei sp. nov., subadult female, paratype J59992: a, maxilliped 3; b, pereopod 1; c, pereopod 2; d, pereopod 3; e,

pereopod 4;f, pereopod 5; g, telson and uropods. All scale bars 0.1 mm.

S. Gerken

Antennule extending past pseudorostral lobes; peduncle

article 1 longest, with 2 complex pedunculate setae; article 2

0.8 length of article 1, with simple setae, margin serrate; article

3 0.6 length of article 2, with 6 simple and 4 complex

pedunculate setae; main flagellum of 5 articles, each article

with 1 simple seta, subterminal article with 2 aesthetascs;

accessory flagellum of 3 articles, subequal to main flagellum,

with simple setae (fig. 1C)

Antenna of 4 articles; article 1 with 2 simple setae; article

2 shortest, unarmed; article 3 unarmed; article 4 with 6 small

simple setae (fig. ID).

Mandibles navicular (broken in fig.), with row of 10-13

setae, left mandible with lacinia mobilis (fig. IE).

Maxillule of 2 endites; outer endite with row of stout setae

distally; inner endite with 2 simple and 3 microserrate setae

distally; palp absent (fig. IF).

Maxilla of 3 endites; broad endite distal margin with

simple and pappose setae, medial margin with row of setae;

medial narrow endite with 4 microserrate setae; lateral narrow

endite with 5 simple setae; both narrow endites extend past

setae on distal margin.

Maxilliped 1 basis produced distally as blunt lobe, medial

margin with 2 hook setae, distal margin with 1 stout pappose

and 4 simple setae; ischium absent; merus with 1 pappose seta;

carpus with 5 comblike setae medially, field of pappose setae,

and 1 pappose seta laterally; propodus with simple and pappose

setae medially, with 2 plumose setae laterally; dactylus with 1

long plumose seta and 4 simple setae (fig. 1H).

Maxilliped 2 basis as long as next 4 articles together, with

4 plumose seta distally and 2 simple setae laterally; ischium

present, unarmed; merus with 1 plumose seta medially and 1

plumose seta laterally; carpus with 4 plumose setae medially

and 1 plumose seta laterally; propodus with 3 plumose and 3

simple setae medially, 1 plumose and 1 simple setae laterally;

dactylus with 2 simple setae terminally (fig. II).

Maxilliped 3 basis as long as all other articles together, not

expanded distally, with plumose setae medially and laterally;

ischium present, unarmed; merus with 2 plumose setae

laterally and 1 medial plumose seta; carpus with 4 plumose

setae medially, 2 plumose setae laterally; propodus with 4

simple and 4 pappose setae medially, 1 simple and 3 pappose

setae laterally; dactylus with 3 simple setae terminally; exopod

as long as basis, basal article margin serrate (fig. 2A).

Pereopod 1 basis as long as next 4 articles together, medial

and lateral margins serrate distally, with plumose setae

medially and laterally; ischium with 1 plumose seta; merus

margin serrate, with 4 plumose setae; carpus with 6 simple

setae; propodus with 8 simple setae; dactylus with 5 short

simple setae and 2 long setae terminally; exopod as long as

basis, basal article with 4 pappose setae (fig. 2B).

Pereopod 2 basis as long as next 4 articles together, lateral

margin serrate, with 5 simple setae; ischium with 1 simple

seta; merus with 1 simple and 1 stout microserrate setae;

carpus 0.6 basis length, with 9 stout microserrate setae

medially, 1 simple seta laterally; propodus with 1 simple seta;

dactylus broken, with simple setae; exopod 0.8 basis length,

basal article with 1 simple seta (fig. 2C).

Pereopod 3 basis longer than all other articles together, with

1 plumose and 1 simple setae; ischium with 1 simple seta; merus

unarmed; carpus with 2 annulate setae; propodus with 1 annulate

seta; dactylus with 3 simple setae terminally; exopod rudimentary,

of 2 articles, with 3 simple setae terminally (fig. 2D).

Pereopod 4 basis longer than all other articles together,

margin serrate, with 1 simple and 1 plumose setae; ischium

with 1 simple seta; merus unarmed; carpus with 2 annulate

setae; propodus with 1 annulate seta; dactylus with 3 simple

setae terminally; exopod rudimentary, of 2 articles, with 2

simple setae terminally (fig. 2E).

Pereopod 5 entire shorter than basis of pereopod 4; basis

as long as next 4 articles together, with 2 pedunculate, 1

plumose and 1 simple setae; ischium unarmed; merus unarmed;

carpus with 1 simple and 2 annulate setae; propodus with 1

annulate seta; dactylus with 1 simple seta terminally (fig. 2F).

Telson 2.2 length of pleonite 6; lateral margins serrate

anteriorly, with 5 microserrate setae; 3 microserrate setae

terminally (fig. 2G).

Uropod peduncles 2.8 length of pleonite 6, longer than

telson, with 10-11 medial microserrate setae with subterminal

setule. Uropod endopod of 3 articles, subequal to uropod

peduncle; article 1 longest, with 7 medial microserrate setae

with single subterminal setule, 2 lateral simple setae; article 2

with 1 microserrate seta with single subterminal setule; article

3 with 1 microserrate seta with single subterminal setule,

terminal seta broken. Uropod exopod of 2 articles, shorter

than endopod; article 1 0.2 length of article 2, unarmed; article

2 with 2 simple setae, terminal seta broken (fig. 2G).

Subadult males (not figured) with 3 pairs of pleopods and

otherwise similar to females.

Etymology. The species is named poorei in honor of Gary C. B.

Poore on the occasion of his retirement from the Museum of

Victoria as a tribute to all his many contributions to both

carcinology and carcinologists.

Distribution. Victoria, continental slope, 1840 m.

Remarks. There are 8 other species of Paralamprops with a

toothed marginal carina, P. aspera Zimmer 1907, P.

carpus serratus Muhlenhardt-Siegel, 2005, P. corollifera Gamo,

1990, P. girardi Reyss, 1978, P. margidens Day, 1978, P.

semiornatus Fage, 1929, P. serratocostata Sars, 1887, and P.

tuberculata Roccatagliata, 1994. Paralamprops aspera and P.

serratocostata are easily separable from P. poorei by the

presence of additional toothed carinae on the carapace; in P.

poorei, the only carina is the marginal carina. Paralamprops

carpus serratus can be distinguished from the new species by

the nearly circular carapace, the unequal antennular flagellae,

the serrated carpus of pereopod 2, the reduced pereopod 5 and

the 2 lateral setae on the telson; in P. poorei the carapace is

longer than wide, the antennular flagellae are subequal, the

carpus of pereopod 2 is not serrated, pereopod 5 has the same

article proportions as pereopods 3 and 4, and 5 lateral setae are

present on the telson. Paralamprops girardi can be distinguished

from the new species by the equal rami of the uropod and the

presence of 4 stout setae on the carpus of pereopod 2; in P.

poorei the uropod exopod is shorter than the endopod and there

are 9 stout setae on the carpus of pereopod 2. Paralamprops

Paralamprops poorei, sp. nov. (Crustacea: Cumacea: Lampropidae), a new Australian cumacean

margidens can be distinguished from P. poorei by the presence

of a toothed dorsal crest on the carapace, 4 lateral setae on the

telson and 3 setae medially on the uropod peduncle; in P. poorei

there is no toothed dorsal crest, 5 lateral setae on the telson,

and 10-11 medial setae on the uropod peduncle. Paralamprops

semiornatus can be distinguished from P. poorei by the toothed

dorsal crest on the carapace and the presence of a maxillule

palp with 2 setae; in P. poorei, there is no toothed dorsal crest

on the carapace, and the maxillule is without a palp.

Paralamprops tuber culata can be distinguished from P. poorei

by the expanded, “winglike” article 1 present in the antennules

(Roccatagliata, 1994); in P. poorei the first article of the

antennule is not expanded.

Acknowledgements

Jo Taylor organized this contribution in honor of Gary C.B.

Poore’s retirement, and Jordi Corbera provided a thorough

review that improved the manuscript greatly.

References

Coleman, O. 2003. Digital Inking. How to make perfect line drawings

on computers. Organisms Diversity and Evolution 3, supplement

14: 1-14.

Day, J. 1978. South African Cumacea, Part 3: Families Lampropidae

and Ceratocumatidae. Annals of the South African Museum 76:

137-189

Fage, L. 1929. Cumaces et Leptostraces provenant des campagnes

scientifiques du Prince Albert First de Monaco. Resultats des

Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies Sur Son Yacht 77: 3-47.

Gamo, S. 1984. A new abyssal cumacean, Paralamprops corollifera

sp. nov. (Crustacea) from east of the Japan Trench. Bulletin of the

Biogeographical Society of Japan 39: 21-25.

Miihlenhardt-Siegel, U. 2005. New Cumaca species (Crustacea:

Peracarida) from the deep-sea expedition DIVA-1 with RV

“Meteor” to the Angola Basin in July 2000. Families Lampropidae,

Bodotriidae. Organisms Diversity and Evolution 5, supplement 1:

113-130.

Reyss, D. 1978. Cumaces de profonde de FAtlantique Nord. Famille

des Lampropidae. Crustaceana 35: 1-21.

Roccatagliata, C. 1994. Two Paralamprops species (Crustacea:

Cumacea) from the deep Atlantic. Cahier Biologie Marina 35:

415-430.

Sars, G. O. 1887. Report on the Cumacea. Report on the Scientific

Results of the Exploring Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger, Zoology

19: 1-73.

Zimmer, C. 1907. Neue Cumaceen von der Deutschen und der

Schwedischen Siidpolar-expedition aus den Familien der

Cumiden, Vauntompsoniiden, Nannastaciden und Lampropiden.

Zoologischen Anzeiger 31: 367-374.

Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 77-80 (2009)

ISSN 1447-2546 (Print) 1447-2554 (On-line)

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Parelasmopus poorei a New Species of Maeridae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from

Southern Australia

L.E. Hughes

Crustacea section, Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010, Australia, (lauren. hughes @

austmus.gov.au)

Abstract Hughes, L.E. 2009. Parelasmopus poorei a New Species of Maeridae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Southern Australia.

Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 77-80.

This paper describes the maerid amphipod Parelasmopus poorei sp. nov. from southern Australia. This is the sixth

species in the genus Parelasmopus recorded in Australia and the twelfth for the world.

Keywords Crustacea, Amphipoda, Maeridae, Parelasmopus poorei, new species, Australia, Taxonomy

Introduction

Parelasmopus Stebbing, 1888 is an Indo-West Pacific genus of

benthic amphipods. Parelasmopus was recently placed in the

family Maeridae (Krapp-Schickel, 2008). To date, Australia

has the largest number of recorded taxa within this genus, six

species: Parelasmopus cymatilis Lowry & Hughes, 2009, P.

echo Barnard, 1972, P. poorei sp. nov., P. sowpigensis Lowry

& Springthorpe, 2005, P. suensis (Haswell, 1879), and P. ya

Barnard, 1972.

Materials and Methods

Material was dissected in 80% ethanol. Permanent slides were

made using Aquatex™ mounting media. Scientific illustrations

were made using Leitz Laborlux K and Wilde Heerbrugg

stereomicroscopes fitted with camera lucida. Abbreviations

for parts are as follows: A - antenna, F - accessory flagellum,

G - gnathopod, LL -labium, Mxl- maxilla 1, P - pereopod, T

- telson and U - uropod.

Descriptions were generated from a DELTA database

(Dalwitz, 2005) to Maeridae genera and Parelasmopus species

of the world. Species diagnosis is provided in bold text within

the description. Species examined are lodged in the Museum

Victoria (MV).

Maeridae Krapp-Schickel 2008

Parelasmopus Stebbing, 1888

Parelasmopus poorei sp. nov.

(Figs 1, 2)

Type locality. West of Point Ricardo, Victoria, Australia.

Type material. Holotype male, 11.0 mm, 4 slides, MV J 60148;

paratype female, 13.5 mm, 1 slide, MV J 60147; paratypes J25634, 56

specimens, 11.7 km West of Point Ricardo, Eastern Bass Strait, (37°

49' 53" S 148° 30' 08" E), 27 m, February 1991, coll N. Coleman

(MSL-EG 105).

Additional material examined. 14 specimens, MV J25632, 11.7

km west of Point Ricardo, Eastern Bass Strait, (37° 49’ 53" S 148° 30’

08" E), 27 m, 4 June 1991, coll. N. Coleman (MSL-EG 78); 38

specimens, MV J25633, 11.7 km west of Point Ricardo, Eastern Bass

Strait, (37° 49' 53" S 148° 30' 08" E), 27 m, February 1991, coll. N.

Coleman (MSL-EG 104); 2 specimens, MV J25635, 14.3 km west

south west of Point Ricardo, Eastern Bass Strait, (37° 50’ 44" S 148°

28' 24" E), 32 m, 26 September 1990, coll. N. Coleman (MSL-EG 46);

25 specimens, MV J25636, 11.7 km west of Point Ricardo, Eastern

Bass Strait, (37° 49' 53" S 148° 30' 08" E), 27 m, 4 June 1991, coll. N.

Coleman (MSL-EG 77); 58 specimens, MV J25637, 11.7 km west of

Point Ricardo, Eastern Bass Strait, (37° 49’ 53" S 148° 30’ 08" E), 27

m, Smith-Mclntyre grab, February 1991, coll. N. Coleman (MSL-EG

103); 10 specimen, MV J56869, 8 km south of South East Point,

Wilsons Promontory, Eastern Bass Strait, (39° 12’ 54" S 146° 27' 18"

E), 65 m, epibenthic sled, 18 November 1981, (BSS 180); 5 specimens,

MV J57018, Cliff Head, 30 km south of Dongara, (29° 32' 00" S 114°

59' 00" E), 2.0 m, 22 April 1986, (SWA 85); 3 specimens, MV J57145,

North Lumps, 2 km off Mullaloo, (31° 47' 18" S 115° 42' 48" E), 8.0 m,

2 May 1986, (SWA 112); 3 specimens, MV J57203, North Lumps, 2

km off Mullaloo, (31° 47' 18'S, 115° 42' 48'E) 7.0 m, 2 May 1985, coll.

H. M. LewTon and G.C.B. Poore (SWA 113); 6 specimes MV J57199,

north end of Little Beach, Two Peoples Bay, (34° 58’ 24’s, 118° IP

42’E), depth unknown, 5 April 1984, coll. H. M. LewTon and G.C.B.

Poore (SWA 10).

Description. Based on holotype male, 11.0 mm, 4 slides,

MVJ60148.

Head. Head eyes ovate; lateral cephalic lobe broad,

truncated, anteroventral margin with notch. Antenna 1 longer

than antenna 2; peduncular article 1 subequal to article 2, with

L.E. Hughes

Figure 1. Parelamopus poorei n. sp.: holotype male, 11.0 mm, MVJ60148. Scales for Md, F, Mxl and LL represent 0.2 mm. Scales for Ul-3 and

T represent 0.5 mm.

Parelasmopus poorei a New Species of Maeridae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Southern Australia

Figure 2. Parelamopus poorei n. sp.: holotype male, 11.0 mm, MVJ60148, paratype female, 13.5 mm, MV J 60147. Scales represent 0.5 mm.

L.E. Hughes

2 robust setae along posterior margin; article 2 longer than

article 3; flagellum with 34+ articles; accessory flagellum short

with 5 articles. Antenna 2 peduncular article 2 cone gland

reaching beyond end of peduncular article 3; article 4 longer

than article 5; flagellum with 19 articles. Mandible accessory

setal row well developed with 4 setae; molar well developed,

triturative; mandibular palp present, 3 -articulate; article 1

swollen along entire article, four times as long as broad, longer

than article 2; article 2 shorter than article 3; article 3 long

(more than six times as long as broad), article 3 subequal in

length to article 1, with 2 long slender apical setae.

Pereon. Gnathopod 1 coxa anterior margin concave,

anteroventral corner produced, acute; carpus about twice as

long as broad, longer than propodus; propodus palm subacute,

straight, entire, defined by posterodistal corner, with 2

posterodistal robust setae. Gnathopod 2 subchelate; basis

slender; carpus compressed, lobate, projecting between merus

and propodus; propodus massive, with clusters of slender setae

along posterior margin, palm straight, smooth, about one third

length of propodus, with subrectangular distomedial shelf,

with 3 robust setae on shelf, palmar margin with groups of

robust setae, facial margin forming broad tabular blade

(heavily calcified), posteroventral corner defined by 90°

angle, without posterodistal robust setae, facial margin with

dactylar socket; dactylus with crenulated posteroproximal

shelf, reaching end of palm, closing into socket, with apical

restriction. Pereopod 4 coxa posteroventral lobe well

developed, with rounded posteromedial corner. Pereopods

5-7 basis posterior margin heavily serrate, without long

slender setae, merus not broadened. Pereopod 5 basis linear;

posterior margin concave, posteroventral corner serrate.

Pereopod 6 basis posterior margin straight, posteroventral

corner serrate. Pereopod 7 basis posterior margin straight,

posteroventral corner produced posterodistally, lobate, with

acute serrate process; propodus not expanded posterodistally.

Pereonite 7 dorsally bicarinate.

Pleon. Pleonite 1-3 dorsally bicarinate. Epimeron 1-2

posteroventral corner with small acute spine. Epimeron 3

ventral margin serrate distally, posteroventral margin serrate

below posteroventral corner, posteroventral corner with

strongly produced acute spine. Urosomite 1 bicarinate. Uropod

1 peduncle with basofacial robust seta. Uropod 3 rami distally

truncated to subacute, with long and short apical robust setae;

inner ramus longer than peduncle, subequal in length to outer

ramus; outer ramus three times as long as broad. Telson deeply

cleft, as long as broad, lobes divergent, distally truncated, with

4 - 5 long apical robust setae.

Female (dimorphic characters). Based on paratype

female, 13.5 mm, MV J60147.

Pereon. Gnathopod 2 carpus very long about, 2.5 times

as long as wide, not lobate, not enclosed by merus and

propodus; propodus linear, about four times as long as broad,

without distomedial shelf; dactylus without posteroproximal

shelf, apically subacute.

Remarks. Parelasmopus poorei sp. nov. can be distinguished

from other species of Parelasmopus by the male gnathopod 2

propodus with the calcified straight blade -like palm and the

dactylus distal apical constriction which closed into a socket on

the medial side of the propodus palm. In male juvenile

specimens, about 6 mm, the gnathopod 2 constricted dactylus

has not developed.

Parelasmopus poorei sp. nov. male gnathopod 2 propodus

palm is defined by a right angle corner similar to P. cymatilis

Lowry & Hughes, 2009, P. setiger Chevreux, 1901, P. suluensis

(Dana, 1852), P. suensis (Haswell, 1879) and P. zelei Ledoyer,

1982. The combination of pereopods 5 - 7 basis with heavily

serrate posterior margin and bicarinate pleonite 3 further

distinguishes P. poorei sp. nov. and P. cymatilis from these

species. The lack of serrations on the gnathopod 1 coxa

separates P. poorei from P. cymatilis.

Distribution. Australia. Victoria: Point Ricardo, Wilsons

Promontory. Western Australia: Dongara, Two Peoples Bay,

Mullaloo (current study).

Acknowledgements.

I would like to thank Joanne Taylor (Museum Victoria) for

loaning and curation of material.

References

Barnard, J.L. 1972. Gammaridean Amphipoda of Australia, Part I.

Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 103: 1-333.

Chevreux, E. 1901. Mission scientifique de M. Ch. Alluaud aux lies

Sechelles (Mars, Avril, Mai 1892). Crustaces amphipodes.

Memoires de la Societe de France 14: 388-438.

Dallwitz, M.J. 2005. Overview of the DELTA System. http://delta-

intkey.com. Last accessed 8/8/09.

Dana, J.D. 1852. On the classification of the Crustacea Choristopoda

or Tetradecapoda. American Journal of Science and Arts, Series

2, 14: 297-316.

Haswell, W.A. 1879. On Australian Amphipoda. Proceedings of the

Linnean Society of New South Wales 4: 245-279, pis 247-212.

Krapp-Schickel, T. 2008. What has happened with the Maera-clade

(Crustacea, Amphipoda) during the last decade? Bollettino del

Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona 32: 3-32.

Ledoyer, M. 1982. Crustaces amphipodes gammariens. Families des

Acanthonotozomatidae a Gammaridae. Faune de Madagascar

59: 1-598.

Lowry, J.K. and Hughes, L.E. 2009. Maeridae, the Elasmopus group

pp 643-702 in: Lowry, J.K. and Myers, A.A. (eds) Benthic

Amphipoda (Crustacea: Peracarida) of the Great Barrier Reef,

Australia. Zootaxa, 2260: 1-930.

Lowry, J.K. and Springthorpe, R.T. 2005. New and little-known

melitid amphipods from Australian waters (Crustacea:

Amphipoda: Melitidae). Records of the Australian Museum 57:

237-302.

Stebbing, T.R.R. 1888. Report on the Amphipoda collected by H.M.S.

Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Report on the Scientific

Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years

1873-76, Zoology 29: 1-1737, pis 1731-1210.

Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 81-84 (2009)

ISSN 1447-2546 (Print) 1447-2554 (On-line)

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Compoceration garyi , a new genus and species of Paramunnidae (Crustacea,

Isopoda, Asellota), from south- eastern Australia.

Jean Just

Museum of Tropical Queensland, 70-100 Flinders Street, Townsville QLD 4810, Australia, (jean-just@mail.dk) (Hon.

Associate, Museum Victoria).

Abstract Just, J. 2009. Compoceration garyi, a new genus and species of Paramunnidae (Crustacea, Isopoda, Asellota), from south-

eastern Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 81-84.

A new genus, Compoceration, in the asellote family Paramunnidae Vanhoffen, 1914 is diagnosed. The type species

Compoceration garyi sp. nov. was collected from 220 m depth off southern New South Wales. The new species shares

several characters with Pentaceration Just, 2009. It differs from the latter mainly in its unique head structures and a

cylindrical, non-flared mandible molar.

Keywords Crustacea, Isopoda, Paramunnidae, Compoceration garyi new genus and species, Australia.

Introduction

Asellote isopods of the family Paramunnidae from Australia

and adjacent subantarctic islands have recently been the

subject of major revisionary studies (Just & Wilson 2004,

2006, 2007, Just 2009). As a result, many new species of much

morphological novelty have been described and new genera

established, while several ‘old’ genera (primarily Paramunna

Sars, 1866, Austrimunna Richardson, 1906, Austrosignum

Hodgson, 1910, and Munnogonium George and Stromberg,

1968) have been redefined. Among the many paramunnids

still to be studied from the area, a single female stands out

immediately because of its unusual ornamentation on the

cephalon. This new species is here made the type of a new

genus as Compoceration garyi gen. et sp. nov.

Terminology and measurements follow those used in the

suite of papers by Just and Wilson (see above) with additions

in Just (2009). The single specimen to hand lacks parts of the

antennae and most pereopods. To avoid destroying the

holotype, some mouthparts only were drawn in situ.

Compoceration gen. nov.

Type species. Compoceration garyi sp. nov. Here designated.

Diagnosis. Body generally tapering from pereonite 3. Eyestalks

elongate, overreaching pereonite 1 lateral margins. Frontal

margin of head with two lateral forward pointing spines and

upright outgrowths at base of spines. Pereonites laterally

extended into broad spines. Coxae hidden under extended

tergites in dorsal view. Pleotelson lateral margins denticulate,

posterior margin produced. Antennula article 1 length and

width subequal to 2. Antenna article 3 tubular. Mandible palp

present, stubby, molar long, cylindrical throughout, with

transverse grinding surface. Pereopod 1 carpus oval, with two

straight robust setae on posterior margin; propodus narrowing

distally to insertion of dactylus. Female operculum ovoid.

Uropods on dorsal surface of pleotelson.

Remarks. It should be borne in mind that the diagnosis is based

on the female of the species. Males should be identifiable on

the shape and armature of the head, the eyestalks and the

general shape of the body. Lateral pereonite 1 and spines on the

remainder may be more strongly developed in males, though,

and pereopod I may differ significantly, especially the shape of

the carpus.

Etymology. The new genus name is composed of the Greek

xopjtog (kompos - knot or lump) and xbqcxto (kerato = horn)

with the diminutive ending -ion, thus a little horn with a knot,

alluding to the complex head spines.

Compoceration garyi sp. nov.

Figures 1-2

Material examined. Holotype, ovigerous female, 0.9 mm, Australia,

New South Wales, off Eden 36°57.40'S 150°18.80'E, 220 m, muddy

shell, WHOI epibenthic sled, 20 July 1986, Poore et al., RV Franklin,

stn SLOPE 21, Museum Victoria NMV J18982 (incl. 2 slides).

Description. Body widest between pereonites 2 and 3, width

0.42 length. Head length 0.25 width (including eyestalks);

length posterior to eyestalks 0.63 anterior length. Frontal

margin with low convex bulge in middle; lateral spines

approximately 0.7 length of eyestalks, pointing forward at

about 50° to head midline, length/width at base approximately

J. Just

Figure 1. Compoceration garyi gen. et sp. nov. Holotype, ovigerous female, a, antenna; au, antennula; c, enl, dorsal view of head enlarged; cv,

ventral view of head; pi and 2, pereopods I and II; up, uropod. Scale bar for habitus: 0.5 mm.

1.4: dorsal outgrowth at base of spine spherical, diameter

approximately 1.5 spine width at base, with heavily calcified

sculptured surface. Eyestalks overreaching anterior lateral

corner of pereonite 1 by about 1/2 their length, pointing laterad

at 90° to head midline, anterior and posterior margins parallel,

apex rounded, ocelli not observed.

Pereonite 1 length half midlength of pereonite 2, 3 1.5 length

of pereonite 2, 4 length equalling pereonite 2, 5 length equals

pereonite 1, 6 1.3 length of pereonite 5, 7 length equals pereonite

5. Pereonite 1 lateral margins irregularly rounded truncate,

broadest at midpoint; pereonites 2-7 lateral margins extended

into broad-based pointed spines with fine marginal denticles;

Compoceration garyi, a new genus and species of Paramunnidae (Crustacea, Isopoda, Asellota), from south-eastern Australia.

Figure 2. Compoceration garyi gen. et sp. nov. Holotype, ovigerous female, mdr, right mandible, with enlargement; mdl, left mandible; mxp,

maxilliped; op, female operculum (pleopod II); pl3 and 4, pleopods III and IV; pt vv, pleotelson, ventral view.

pereonites 2 and 3 spines similar, approximately 0.3 length of

pereonite width, spine on 4 reduced compared to 3 and 5, spine

on 5 and 6 similar to 2 and 3, on 7 slightly shorter than 6; spines

on 6 and 7 pointing backward at approximately 45 degrees.

Pleon length 1.4 width. Pleonite 1 width 0.85 distance

between uropods, length 0.2 width. Pleotelson without

noticeable neck or shoulders, lateral margins evenly convex to

level of uropods, with 9 denticles on left side (partly broken on

right); posterior margin 0.33 length of entire pleotelson, broad,

merging straight into lateral margin except for distal denticle

of the latter, triangular at 85°, apex a tiny square knob.

Antennula articles 1 and 2 combined reaching apex of

eyestalk; 3 and 4 of equal length, both 0.6 length of subequal

5 and 6.

Antenna article 1 in ventral view approximately 0.4 length

of article 2 along lateral margin; article 3 width 0.3 length,

with small denticle in distal half of lateral margin, narrowing

in distal 1/3.

Pereopod I basis length 3.6 times width; ischium 0.5 length

of basis, anterior margin with single acute spine in proximal

half; merus with single acute spine on anterior margin; carpus

margin distal to robust setae straight; propodus with single

J. Just

robust seta on posterior margin. Pereopod II propodus with 2

slender robust setae on posterior margin.

Pleopod II (female operculum) distolateral margins nearly

straight, width 0.72 length.

Uropods recessed into simple non-protruding cuticle

pockets, with single ramus (endopod), length 3 times width.

Etymology. The species is named for Dr Gary Poore, Museum

Victoria, Melbourne, Australia, in recognition of his

contributions to many aspects of isopodology, and in gratitude

for much help over decades.

Discussion. Among the paramunnids with dorsally covered

coxae, especially on pereonites 5-7, the new genus

Compoceration share several characteristics with Pentaceration

Just, 2009: spines on the frontal margin of the head; elongate

eyestalks; article 2 of the antennal peduncle about 3 times

longer than 1; pereopod I carpus oval; pereonites 2-7 laterally

extended into spines; pereonite 4 width reduced (although not

as strongly as in Pentaceration). Compoceration differs from

Pentaceration (character in parentheses) as follows: front

margin of head with 2 lateral spines with dorsal outgrowth at

their base (3 spines, 1 mid-frontal, 2 lateral, no basal outgrowth);

eyestalks 4 times longer than wide (2-3 times); mandible molar

cylindrical, not distally expanded (strongly expanded distally,

‘flared’). By analogy with Pentaceration, it is possible that

these differences are more strongly expressed in the as yet

unknown males of Compoceration.

Species in Paramunna also have head ornaments, but they

are in the shape of 2 dorsomarginal broad, square or rounded

lobes (small pointed lobes in one species) that do not appear to

be homologous with the above mentioned frontal margin

spines. Generally Paramunna species have ovoid bodies with

rounded to truncate pereonite margins. Only in terminal males

of Paramunna bilobata Sars, 1866 and the somewhat aberrant

P. walvisensis Just and Wilson, 2004 are pereonites extended

laterally into broad pointed laplets, especially on the last 3

pereonites. Paramunna species otherwise differ from

Compoceration in most other diagnostic characters: peduncle

article 2 of antenna short, about as long as 1; eyestalks about

as long as wide, not overreaching pereonite 1; mandible molar

expanded distally, ‘trumpet-shaped’; pereopod I carpus

triangular; pereonite 4 similar to 3 and 5; uropods inserted in

pleotelson margin, not on dorsal surface, bi-ramous.

Acknowledgements

I thank Dr. Jo Taylor, Museum Victoria, Melbourne, for the

opportunity to contribute to this Festschrift in honour of Dr.

Gary Poore, friend and colleague.

References

George, R.Y. and Stromberg, J.-O. 1968. Some new species and new

records of marine isopods from San Juan Archipelago, Washington,

U.S.A. Crustaceana 14(3): 225-254.

Hodgson, T.V. 1910. Crustacea. IX. Isopoda. National Antarctic

Expedition, Natural History 5: 1-77.

Just, J. 2009. Pentaceration, an unusual new genus of Paramunnidae

from Australia (Isopoda, Asellota). Zootaxa 2134: 36-48.

Just, J. and Wilson, G.D.F. 2004: Revision of the Paramunna complex

(Isopoda: Asellota: Paramunnidae). Invertebrate Systematics 18:

377-466.

Just, J. and Wilson, G.D.F. 2006. Revision of Southern Hemisphere

Austronanus Hodgson, 1910, with two new genera and five new

species of Paramunnidae (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellota). Zootaxa

1111: 21-58.

Just, J. and Wilson, G.D.F. 2007. Revision of Austrosignum Hodgson

and Munnogonium George & Stromberg (Paramunnidae) with

descriptions of eight new genera and two new species, (Crustacea:

Isopoda: Asellota). Zootaxa 1515: 1-29.

Richardson, H. 1906. Isopodes (Premiere Memoire). Expedition

Antarctique Frangaise (1903-1905), Crustaces : 1-21.

Sars, G.O. 1866. Beretning om en i sommeren foretagen zoologisk

rejse ved kysterne af Christianias og Christiansands stifter. Nyt

Magasinfor Naturvidenskaberne 15: 84-128.

Vanhoffen, E. 1914. Die Isopoden der Deutschen Siidpolar Expedition

1901-1903. Deutschen Siidpolar Expedition 15: 447-598.

Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 85-93 (2009)

ISSN 1447-2546 (Print) 1447-2554 (On-line)

http://museumvictoria.com.au/About/Books-and-Journals/Journals/Memoirs-of-Museum-Victoria

Redescription of the freshwater amphipod Austrochiltonia australis 3? ayce)

(Crustacea: Amphipoda, Chiltoniidae)

Rachael A. King

South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000 and School of Earth and Environmental

Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia. (Rachael.King@

samuseum.sa.gov.au)

Abstract King, R.A. 2009. Redescription of the freshwater amphipod Austrochiltonia australis (Sayce) (Crustacea: Amphipoda,

Chiltoniidae). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 85-93.

Austrochiltonia is an abundant yet taxonomically poorly known freshwater amphipod genus. With two species

recognised, they are inadequately defined yet widely identified throughout southern Australian freshwater systems. In an

effort towards providing a clear diagnosis of Austrochiltonia, its type species, A. australis, is re-described from type

material. Two distinct male morphotypes are described for the first time and morphological variability within the species

is discussed.

Keywords Crustacea, Amphipoda, Freshwater, Australia, Chiltoniidae, Austrochiltonia, australis, subtenuis

Introduction

The recent discovery of significant diverse genetic lineages of

Australian freshwater amphipods in the family Chiltoniidae

and the varied phenotypic expression of this diversity (King,

in press; Murphy et al. 2009) has highlighted a need for

modern taxonomic revision of this group. Two genera are

currently known from Australia: Austrochiltonia Hurley, 1959

and Phreatochiltonia Zeidler, 1991. Austrochiltonia with its

three existing species (A. australis (Sayce, 1901), A.

dalhousiensis Zeidler, 1991 and A. subtenuis (Sayce, 1902))

remains poorly defined, primarily due to confusion surrounding

the identification of A. australis, the type species.

Sayce (1901) originally described Hyalella australis

without designating type material or a type locality. He did

note that the species was common in Victoria (the lagoons of

the River Yarra, Fernshaw, Christmas Hills, Heidelberg, East

Kew, Melbourne Botanical Gardens, Elwood swamp) and also

in Lake Petrarch, Tasmania. One year later Sayce (1902)

described Chiltonia subtenuis from Lake Hindmarsh in

Victoria and transferred H. australis to this genus. Later, both

species were transferred to Austrochiltonia by Hurley (1959)

who restricted Chiltonia to New Zealand species based on

specialised male pleopod morphology.

With incomplete original descriptions, slight morphological

differences between the two species (antennal lengths and

presence of the uropod 3 with one or two articles), and

overlapping distributions, the validity of A. australis and A.

subtenuis were to some researchers questionable (Hurley 1954,

Smith and Swain 1982). Yet, over subsequent years both species

were identified throughout southern Australia. Austrochiltonia

australis was collected by Smith (1909) from Tasmania, by

Chilton (1923) from New South Wales and Victoria, by Hurley

( 1 959) from Lake Leake in Tasmania and by Williams ( 1 962) in

Victoria, New South Wales and Tasmania. Austrochiltonia

subtenuis was collected by Hale (1929) from the Murray River

in South Australia and by Williams (1962) from Victoria,

Tasmania and Western Australia.

In an attempt to solve the problem, both A. australis and A.

subtenuis were redescribed by Williams (1962), who also

selected types, from the Sayce collection in Museum Victoria

from locations in Victoria, New South Wales, and Tasmania

(material that, according to Williams (1962), Sayce used for his

original descriptions of both species). Williams upheld the

antennal and uropodal characters separating the A. australis

and A. subtenuis and designated “lectoholotypes”,

“lectoallotypes” and “lectoparatypes”. He chose “Yarra Lagoon,

East Kew” to be the restricted type locality for A. australis

recording that Sayce ’s illustrations indicated that the specimen

originally illustrated was from that locality (the author notes

that this locality is more than likely to be the existing “Kew

Billabong” which is currently dry). Lake Hindmarsh, in

Victoria, was chosen as the type locality for A. subtenuis (the

author notes that this locality is also currently dry).

By modern standards, William’s (1962) descriptions lack

sufficient detail to be informative. Two new Australian genera

have recently been discovered (King, in press), defined by new

sets of morphological characters not fully illustrated by

Williams. In addition to this, examination of the type material

R.A. King

of A. australis (designated by Williams) showed a greater

degree of morphological diversity among males than was

reported by Williams (1962). Therefore it was deemed

necessary to redescribe the species as a first step towards a

robust definition of the genus Austrochiltonia. The type

material of A. subtenuis (designated by Williams) was not

located after searches of the collections of Museum Victoria,

the South Australian Museum and the Australian Museum.

Collections at and around Lake Hindmarsh are currently being

coordinated as part of an effort to properly determine the

status of that species.

3 ystematics

Infraorder Talitrida Rafinesque, 1815

Superfamily Talitroidea s.s. Rafinesque, 1815 (Serejo, 2003)

Family Chiltoniidae Barnard, 1972 (Serejo, 2003)

Austrochiltonia australis

Figures 1-4

Synonymy.

Hyalella australis Sayce, 1901: 226-30, pi. xxxvi.

Chiltonia australis Sayce, 1902: 47-48.— ?Smith 1909:

70.— ?Chilton, 1923: 95.

Austrochiltonia australis Hurley, 1959: 765-767.— Williams,

1962: 202-208, figs. 1A-I, 3A-0.-Lowry and Stoddart, 2003: 127.

Material Examined. Lectotype, NMV J11248, male, 8.1mm, Yarra

Lagoon, East Kew, Victoria, coll. O.A. Sayce. Paralectotype, NMV

J11247, female, 6.2mm, collection information same as for J11248.

Paralectotype, NMV J11249, 8 males (11.4mm, 10.5mm 10mm, 9.5mm,

8. 1mm, 7.7mm, 4.7mm, 3.3mm), 4 females (8.6mm (ovigerous), 6. 1mm,

5.6mm (ovigerous), 3.9mm). NMV J46778, male, 7.3mm, collection

information same as for NMV J 11249. NMV J46779, male, 6.8mm,

collection information same as for NMV J11249. NMV J46780, female

(ovigerous), 8.2mm, collection information same as for NMV J 11 249.

Distribution. Yarra River and tributaries, Victoria, Australia

(Type Locality: Kew Billabong, Melbourne, Victoria

(previously called the Yarra Lagoon, East Kew)).

Description. Male (based on large male NMV J46778), length:

7.3mm. Head about as long as deep (fig. 1A). Antenna 1 (fig.

1C) peduncular article 1 1.8 times as long as broad, inner lateral

margin with three robust setae, ventral -distal margin with

single robust seta; peduncular article 2 shorter than article 1

(0.8 times as long), 2.5 times as long as broad; peduncular

article 3 similar length to article 2, 2.8 times as long as broad;

flagellum slightly longer than peduncle, of 11 articles, with

ventral aesthetascs on the proximal margins of the seven distal

articles. Antenna 2 (fig. ID) about 0.6 times length of antenna

1; peduncular article 3 broader than long, inner-distal margin

with two robust setae; peduncular article 4 longer than article

3, 2 times longer than broad, inner lateral margin with three

robust setae, distal margin with two robust setae; peduncular

article 5 longer than article 4, 3.7 times as long as broad;

flagellum slightly shorter than peduncle, of eight articles.

Upper lip (fig. II) broader than long, apically bluntly

rounded, with numerous short setae along apical margin.

Lower lip (fig 1J) with bluntly rounded lateral lobes, apical

margins rounded, apical and inner margins with numerous

short setae. Left mandible (fig. 1H) with incisor of six teeth,

lacinia mobilis of five teeth, spine row of three plumose setae

and triturative molar. Right mandible (fig. 1G) with incisor of

six teeth, lacinia mobilis of three teeth, spine row of two

plumose setae and triturative molar with a long plumose seta.

Maxilla 1 (fig. IB) outer plate with nine setulate robust setae;

inner plate with two long apical plumose setae. Maxilla 2 (fig.

IF) outer plate with two apical rows of 12 simple setae; inner

plate with two apical rows of 17 simple setae, with a plumose

seta on the inner lateral margin. Maxilliped (fig. IE) inner

plate apical margin with two short spine-like robust setae, with

plumose seta along apical and inner lateral margins; outer

plate with numerous simple setae along apical and inner lateral

margins; palp articles 1 and 2 similar width, palp article 2 with

numerous simple setae on inner lateral margin; palp article 3

not as broad as articles 1 and 2, with numerous simple setae on

inner lateral and distal margins, with three long settulate setae

on outer distal margin; palp article 4 short, about 0.3 times as

broad as article 3, with unguis and simple setae on distal and

outer margins.

Gnathopod 1 (fig. 2A) coxa distally almost as broad as

long, distal margin with 33 short simple setae; basis dorsal and

ventral margins with scattered long simple setae, ventral distal

corner with cluster of simple setae; ischium, and merus ventral

distal corners with clusters of setae; carpus with ventral -lateral

lobe and row of 13 setulate setae becoming longer distally,

dorsal-distal margin with long settulate setae; propodus

triangular in shape, 1.7 times as long as broad, ventral -distal

corner with one robust seta (near where tip of dactylus touches),

ventral -distal margin (adjacent to dactylus length) with short

robust and long simple setae, dorsal-distal margin with long

simple setae, inner face with 11 robust plumose setae; dactylus

curved, fitting against ventral-distal corner of propodus, with

dorsal plumose seta. Gnathopod 2 (fig. 2B) coxa short, 1.1

times as long as broad, distal margin with 14 short simple

setae; basis dorsal and ventral margins with scattered simple

setae; ischium and merus with scattered setae on ventral

margins; propodus 1.6 times as long as broad, with proximal

lobe covering distal margin of carpus, ventral -distal corner

marked with two distinct carina-like lobes and a ventral -distal

groove present on inner face to accommodate the tip of the

dactylus, ventral distal margin with numerous apically bifid

robust setae. Pereopod 3 (fig. 2C) coxa distal margin with 21

short simple setae; basis dorsal and ventral margins with

scattered simple setae, ventral distal corners with clusters of

setae; ischium ventral distal corners with clusters of setae;

merus with distinct dorsal-distal lobe, dorsal margin with three

clusters of simple setae, ventral margin with scattered simple

setae, ventral distal corner with cluster of setae; carpus ventral

margin with robust setae and scattered simple setae; propodus

dorsal margin with three clusters of simple setae; ventral

margin with nine clusters of robust and simple setae; dactylus

dorsal margin with plumose seta, ventral margin with simple

seta, unguis present. Pereopod 4 (fig. 2D) coxa with distinct

proximal excavated corner, distal margin with 39 short simple

setae; basis dorsal and ventral margins with scattered simple

Redescription of the freshwater amphipod Austrochiltonia australis (Sayce) (Crustacea: Amphipoda, Chiltoniidae)

Figure 1. Austrochiltonia australis (Sayce), NMV J46778, large male morphotype, 10.5mm: A, Lateral view of body; B, maxilla 1; C, Antenna

1; D, antenna 2; E, maxilliped; F, maxilla 2; G, right mandible; H, left mandible; I, upper lip; J, lower lip. Scales: a(A), 0.5mm; b(C-D), 0.5 mm;

c(B,E-H), 0.1mm.

R.A. King

Figure 2. Austrochiltonia australis (Sayce), NMV J46778, large male morphotype, 10.5mm: A, gnathopod 1; B, gnathopod 2; C, pereopod 3; D,

pereopod 4; E, pereopod 7; F, pereopod 5; G, pereopod 6; H, telson; I, left and right uropod 3; J, uropod 2; K, uropod 1; L, pleopod 1. Scales:

a(A-G), 0.5mm; b(I), 0.1mm; c(H, J-K), 0.1mm; d(L), 0.5mm.

Redescription of the freshwater amphipod Austrochiltonia australis (Sayce) (Crustacea: Amphipoda, Chiltoniidae)

Figure 3. Austrochiltonia australis (Sayce), NMV J46779, small male morphotype, 4.7mm: A, antenna 1; B, antenna 2; C, lateral view of body; D,

uropod 2; E, uropod 1; F, left and right uropod 3; G, pleopod 1. Scales: a(A-B), 0.5mm; b(C), 0.5mm; c(D-E), 0.1mm; d(F), 0.1mm; e(G), 0.5mm.

setae, ventral distal corner with cluster of simple setae; ischium

ventral distal corner with cluster of setae; merus with distinct

dorsal-distal lobe, dorsal margin with three clusters of simple

setae, ventral margin with scattered simple setae, ventral distal

corner with cluster of setae; carpus dorsal margin with three

clusters of simple setae, ventral margin with scattered robust

and simple setae; propodus ventral margin with eight clusters

of robust and simple setae; dactylus dorsal margin with

plumose seta, ventral margin with simple seta, unguis present.

Pereopod 5 (fig. 2F) coxa anterior lobe with one short seta,

posterior lobe with three long plumose setae and 9 short setae

along margin; basis 1.2 times as long as broad, dorsal margin

with 11 robust setae along length, dorsal-distal margin with

seven robust setae, ventral margin subtly crenulated and with

24 short simple setae along length; ischium dorsal-distal

margin with distal robust setae; merus with strong postero-

distal lobe, dorsal margin with robust setae in four clusters,

ventral margin with robust setae in three clusters; carpus as

long as merus, dorsal margin with robust setae in four clusters,

ventral margin with robust setae in three clusters; propodus

R.A. King

Figure 4. Austrochiltonia australis (Sayce), NMV J46780, ovigerous female, 8.6mm: A, antenna 1; B, antenna 2; C, inner plate of maxilliped; D,

gnathopod 1; E, gnathopod 2; F, left and right uropod 3; G, telson; H, pereopod 4 coxa; I, uropod 2; J, uropod 1; K, oostegite on coxa 2; L,

oostegite on coxa 3; M, oostegite on coxa 4; N, oostegite on coxa 5. Scales: a(A-B), 0.5mm; b(F), 0.1mm; c(D-E), 0.5mm; d(I-J), 0.1mm; e(G),

0.1mm; f(K-N), 0.5mm

Redescription of the freshwater amphipod Austrochiltonia australis (Sayce) (Crustacea: Amphipoda, Chiltoniidae)

longer than merus, dorsal margin with eight clusters of robust

setae, ventral margin with three clusters of simple setae, ventral

distal comer with cluster of simple setae; dactylus with

plumose seta on ventral margin, unguis present. Pereopod 6

(fig. 2G) coxa posterior lobe with seven robust setae and seven

short setae along margin; basis slightly longer than broad,

dorsal margin with 12 robust setae along length, distal end of

dorsal margin with cluster of robust setae, ventral margin

subtly crenulated and with 23 short simple setae along length;

ischium dorsal margin with distal robust setae; merus with

strong postero-distal lobe, dorsal margin with robust setae in

four clusters, ventral margin with robust setae in four clusters;

carpus as long as merus, dorsal margin with robust setae in

four clusters, ventral margin with robust setae in five distal

clusters; propodus longer than merus, dorsal margin with nine

clusters of robust setae, ventral margin with five clusters of

simple setae; dactylus with plumose seta on ventral margin,

unguis present. Pereopod 7 (fig. 2E) coxa ventral margin with

five short simple setae; basis longer than broad, dorsal margin

with 15 robust setae along length, distal end of dorsal margin

with four robust setae, ventral margin subtly crenulated and

with 18 short simple setae along length; ischium dorsal margin

with distal cluster of robust setae; merus with strong postero-

distal lobe, dorsal margin with robust setae in four clusters,

ventral margin with robust setae in five clusters; carpus as long

as merus, dorsal margin with robust setae in five clusters,

ventral margin with robust setae in four distal clusters;

propodus longer than merus, dorsal margin with six clusters of

robust setae, ventral margin with six clusters of simple setae;

dactylus with plumose seta on ventral margin, unguis present.

Pleopods 1-3 similar (fig. 2K), unmodified (as in Chiltonia ),

peduncle inner margins with two distal retinacula (coupling

hooks).

Uropod 1 (fig. 2L) peduncle distinctly longer than rami,

dorsal margin with five robust setae along the length of the

outer margin and five along the inner margin; outer ramous

with distal cluster of four robust setae and two rows of robust

setae along length, outer margin with four robust setae, inner

margin with two robust setae; inner ramous with distal cluster

of six robust setae and two rows of robust setae along length,

outer margin with two robust setae, inner margin with three

robust setae. Uropod 2 (fig. 2J) peduncle similar length to

rami, dorsal margin with three long robust setae; outer ramous

slightly smaller than inner ramous, with distal cluster of four

robust setae, with one row of eight robust setae along length;

inner ramous with two rows of robust setae along length, outer

margin with fourteen robust setae, inner margin with eighteen

robust setae (distal cluster of setae obscured by rows of setae).

Uropod 3 (fig. 21) with two articles; first article 2.8 times

longer than second article; second article distal margin with

one short robust seta, and one to three long robust seta apically

and one long seta subapically.

Telson (fig. 21) slightly longer than broad, apically slightly

concave with pairs of two long and two short plumose setae

around each distal corner.

Small male (based on small male NMV J46779). Length:

6.8mm. Similar to large male except for the following: Antenna

1 (fig. 3A) flagellum of 14 articles, with ventral aesthetascs on

the proximal margins of the eight distal articles. Antenna 2 (fig.

3B) flagellum of nine articles. Maxilliped inner plate apical

margin with three spine -like setae. Gnathopod 1 (fig. 3C) coxa

longer than broad, distal margin with 12 short simple setae.

Gnathopod 2 (fig. 3C) coxa distinctly longer than broad, with

seven short setae along margin. Pereopods 3 and 4 (fig. 3C)

lacking setae along coxal margin and the dorsal margin of the

propodus. Pereopods 5-7 (fig. 3C) with fewer coxal setae, with

fewer numbers of setal clusters along articles.

Pleopod 1 (fig. 3G) rami with fewer articles than in large

male.

Uropod 1 (fig. 3E) peduncle slightly longer than rami,

dorsal margin with up to nine robust setae along the length of

the outer margin and up to three along the inner margin; rami

straight (not curved as in large male); outer ramous with distal

cluster of four robust setae and two rows of robust setae along

length, outer margin with four robust setae, inner margin with

one robust seta; inner ramous with distal cluster of five or six

robust setae and two rows of robust setae along length, outer

margin with two robust setae, inner margin with three robust

setae. Uropod 2 (fig. 3D) peduncle similar length to rami,

dorsal margin with four to five long robust setae; outer ramous

slightly smaller than inner ramous, with distal cluster of four

robust setae, with one row of three robust setae along length;

inner ramous with distal cluster of five robust setae, with two

rows of robust setae along length, outer margin with two robust

setae, inner margin with three to four robust setae. Uropod 3

(fig. 3F) second article distal margin with one short robust

seta, and one to two long robust seta apically.

Female (based on female NMV J46780). Length: 8.2mm.

Similar morphology to (large) male except for the following:

Antenna 1 (fig. 4A) flagellum of 11 articles, with ventral

aesthetascs on the proximal margins of the six distal articles.

Antenna 2 (fig. 4B) flagellum of ten articles. Maxilliped inner

plate apical margin (fig. 4C) with three spine -like setae.

Gnathopod 1 (fig. 4D) coxa longer than broad, distal margin

with 12 short simple setae; propodus rectangular in shape,

around 2.5 times as long as broad, inner face with 10 robust

setae. Gnathopod 2 (fig. 4E) similar to gnathopod 1 except

propodus over 3 times as long as broad, coxa with eight short

setae along margin. Pereopod 4 (fig. 4H) coxa ventral margin

not as broadly rounded as in large male.

Uropod 1 (fig. 4J) peduncle similar length to or slightly

longer than rami, dorsal margin with up to 10 robust setae

along the length of the outer margin and up to five robust setae

along the inner margin; outer ramous with distal cluster of five

robust setae and one row of six robust setae along length; inner

ramous with distal cluster of four robust setae and two rows of

robust setae along length, outer margin with three robust setae,

inner margin with three robust setae. Uropod 2 (fig. 41)

peduncle dorsal margin with up to four long robust setae; outer

ramous slightly smaller than inner ramous, with distal cluster

of three robust setae, with one row of four robust setae along

length; inner ramous with distal cluster of four robust setae,

with two rows of robust setae along length, outer margin with

up to five robust setae, inner margin with up to five robust

R.A. King

setae. Uropod 3 (fig. 4F) second article with one short robust

seta, and one to two long robust seta apically.

Telson (fig. 4G) longer than broad, apically blunt with pairs

long setae apically and laterally.

Oostegites present on coxae 2 to 5 (figs. 4K-N) to form the

marsupium, margins with scattered curved hooks.

Variation. Antenna 1: the number of flagellum articles varied

from nine to 14 with no clear correlation between sex or body

size. Antenna 2: the number of flagellum articles varied from

seven to nine with no clear correlation between sex or body size.

Despite the differing number of flagellar articles in both

antennae, the standard lengths of the two were consistent

between sexes and sizes, with antenna 1 1.4- 1.6 times as long as

antenna 2. It should be noted that Williams (1962) recorded

antennal length ratios from 1.4 to 2.0 for A. australis. This could

reflect sample size differences between this study and Williams’

but there may be reason to suspect that cryptic species may have

been inadvertently included in his study (see discussion).

Mouthparts are generally well conserved throughout the

Chiltoniidae however two of the large male morphotypes,

exhibited a reduction in setation on the maxilliped inner plate

(from 3 to 2 spine -like setae) (fig. IE). Both males showing the

reduction in setae were at the smaller end of the “large male”

morphotype (7.3mm, 7.7mm). Other large males had three

setae, along with all the small males and the females (fig. 4C),

which is the consistent state across the family. When Williams

(1962) described A. australis and A. subtenuis , he illustrated

A. subtenuis with two setae on the maxillipedal inner plate but

did not further mention it compared to A. australis (which he

illustrated and described with three setae). This character may

be variable within both species.

Remarks. Lowry and Stoddart (2003) accepted Williams’

interpretation of Austrochiltonia australis and relabelled his

invalid type names (“lectoholotype” became the lectotype NMV

J11247 and “lectoallotypes” became paralectotype NMV

J11248). However, they indicated that NMV J11247 was a male

and NMV J 11248 was a female, which is incorrect. They also did

not refer to the additional paralectotypes identified by Williams.

Both the lectotype male (NMV J11248) and the

paralectotype female (NMV J11247) designated by Williams

have been damaged overtime. Examination of the paralectoypes

(NMV J11249) showed better preserved specimens and so the

descriptions here have been based on two males (NMV J46778,

NMV J46779) and a female (NMV J46780) taken from NMV

J11249 and then compared with all existing types to note any

variability.

Discussion

The discovery of two separate male morphotypes in the type

material was surprising and has never been recorded for

amphipods in this family. A similar large male morphotype

has been found in samples tentatively identified as A. subtenuis

(waiting confirmation from type locality specimens) but not in

chiltoniid species from mound springs in South Australia

(pers. observ.) indicating that this could be some sort of

adaptation linked to stream habitats.

One character used by Williams (1962) to define A.

australis is upheld here: all the animals examined possessed a

uropod 3 with two articles. Two other characters Williams

used to define A. australis were not found here to be

informative: the length of antenna 1 vs. the body length and

the length of the flagellum in antenna 1 vs. the length of the

peduncle. Both were found here to be widely variable across

size classes and sexes. A. australis can be most easily identified

by the presence of a uropod 3 with two articles, a large eye and

antenna 1 distinctly longer than antenna 2.

Williams (1962) identified and measured specimens of A.

australis from Tasmania, Victoria and New South Wales.

However, based on the lack of modern taxonomic treatments

of these species and the recent discovery of greater chiltoniid

species diversity elsewhere in Australia (Murphy et al. 2009;

R. King, pers. observ.) it can not be ruled out that similar

cryptic diversity exists across Australia. In fact, Williams’

(1962) measurements indicated much more variation between

antennal lengths than was recorded here in the type material.

Without having made a detailed examination of populations

from these localities it is difficult to conclude that the

specimens that Williams measured from New South Wales

and Tasmania are the same species as described here. Therefore

the locality of A. australis should be restricted to the Yarra

River and its tributaries, since the type locality no longer

exists, until a sufficient survey can be conducted across

Victoria, Tasmania and New South Wales.

Acknowledgements

I am grateful to Wolfgang Zeidler for participating in

informative discussions on chiltoniid morphology. Many

thanks to Gary Poore and Jo Taylor (Museum Victoria) for

arranging the loan of the type material. This work was funded

by an Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS) National

Taxonomy Research Grant (No. 208-61).

References

Chilton C. 1923. Occasional notes on Australian Amphipoda. Records

of the Australian Museum 14(2): 79-100.

Hurley, D. E. 1954. Studies on the New Zealand amphipodan fauna.

No. 2. The family Talitridae: the freshwater genus Chiltonia

Stebbing. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 81(4):

563-577.

Hurley, D. E. 1959. Austrochiltonia, a new generic name for some

Australian freshwater amphipods. Annals and Magazine of

Natural History, 13(1): 765-768.

King, R.A. In press. Two new genera and species of chiltoniid amphipods

from freshwater mound springs in South Australia. Zootaxa.

Lowry, J.K. & Stoddart, H.E. 2003. Crustacea: Malacostraca:

Peracarida: Amphipoda, Cumacea, Mysidacea. In Beesley, P.L. &

Houston, W.W.K. (Eds), Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol.

19.2B, 531 pp, Melbourne: CSIRO Publishing, Australia.

Murphy, N. P, Adams M. and Austin A. D. 2009. Independent

colonization and extensive cryptic speciation of freshwater

amphipods in the isolated groundwater springs of Australia’s

Great Artesian Basin. Molecular Ecology, 18: 109-122.

Sayce, O. A. 1901. Description of some new Victorian freshwater

Amphipoda. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 13(2):

225-242.

Redescription of the freshwater amphipod Austrochiltonia australis (Sayce) (Crustacea: Amphipoda, Chiltoniidae)

Sayce, O. A. 1902. Description of some new Victorian freshwater

Amphipoda. No. 2. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria,

15(1): 47-58.

Smith, G.W. 1909. The freshwater Crustacea of Tasmania, with

remarks on their geographical distribution. Transactions of the

Linnaean Society of London (Zoology), (2)11: 61-91.

Smith, S. J. and Swain, R. 1982. Observations on the Taxonomy of

Austrochiltonia (Hurley) (Amphipoda: Ceinidae). Bulletin of the

Australian Society for Limnology, 8: 39-43.

Williams W. D. 1962. The Australian freshwater amphipods.

Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 13:

198-216.

Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 95-116 (2009)

ISSN 1447-2546 (Print) 1447-2554 (On-line)

http://museumvictoria.com.au/About/Books-and-Journals/Journals/Memoirs-of-Museum-Victoria

New and poorly described stenothoids (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from the Pacific

Ocean.

T. Krapp- Schickel

Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum A. Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn Germany, (traudl.krapp@uni-bonn.de)

Abstract Krapp-Schickel, T. 2009. New and poorly described stenothoids (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from the Pacific Ocean. Memoirs

of Museum Victoria 66: 95-116.

Nine stenothoid species were found during different Danish expeditions to the Pacific Ocean at the end of the 19th

and beginning of the 20th century. They belong to the genera Stenothoe (two new species and one probably new for the

Central Pacific) and Metopa (three new species and three probably already known).

Keywords Stenothoidae, taxonomy. Pacific Ocean, Stenothoe garpoorea n.sp., Stenothoe verrucosa n.sp., Stenothoe cf. miersii,

Metopa eupraxiae n.sp., Metopa exigua n.sp., Metopa torbeni n.sp., Metopa koreana, Metopa cf. bulychevae, Metopa cf.

clypeata

Introduction

Many years ago Torben Wolff encouraged me to look at a

small collection of Pacific stenothoid amphipods from the end

of the 19th or begin of 20th century, stored at the Copenhagen

Museum. I agreed with pleasure and interest, but soon

understood that size as well as number of specimens was very

small, and preferred to wait for additional material from

similar localities, which never happened. When I now present

them here, still some species cannot be fully described, as the

material was scarce, appendages missing etc. But there is little

knowledge about this group in the area concerned, thus every

new contribution should be a step further.

Material and methods

The habitus of the amphipods was studied in alcohol or

glycerine under a Reichert dissecting microscope and slides

were prepared using Faure‘s medium. Body parts were drawn

with pencil (and sometimes photographed, for offering as

much additional information as possible) using an Olympus

BX51 or Wild M5 microscope, both with a camera lucida. The

inking of the pencil drawings I did partially the traditional

way, partly I used the Illustrator program (see Coleman 2003,

2009). Acronyms for different morphological parts are as

follows: Al, 2 - antenna 1, 2; Gnl, 2 = gnathopod 1, 2; Mxl,

2 - maxilla 1, 2; P3-7 = peraeopod 3-7; T= telson; Ul-3 =

uropod 1-3. Species 4 diagnosis is provided in bold text within

the description. Species examined are lodged at the Copenhagen

Museum (ZMUC).

Taxonomy

Genus Stenothoe Dana, 1852

Diagnosis. Palp of mandible absent. Palp of maxilla 1 with 2

articles. Inner plate of maxilla 2 often reduced and outer plate

sitting more or less upon the inner one. Inner plates of

maxilliped well separated. Gnathopod 1 small, subchelate,

propodus expanded, palm oblique and subequal to remaining

hind margin of propodus, carpus shorter than propodus.

Peraeopod 5 with rectolinear basis, peraeopod 6-7 with

expanded basis. Telson entire, flappable.

Stenothoe garpoorea n.sp.

Figs. 1, 2

Holotype: male 2.5mm; from „Danske Expedition til Kei Oerne” by T.

Mortensen, 1922; 15m sand and Acanthogorgia\ slide ZMUC

CRU-20183.

Type locality: Kai (or Kei) Islands (= Nuhu Evav, Tanat Evav),

E-Banda-Sea, SE Indonesia, province Maluku (see also Mortensen,

1923).

Additional material: female, same locality, slide ZMUC

CRU-20184.

Etymology: In 1997 and 2001 Gary Poore gave me the

opportunity to work at the Victoria Museum in Melbourne and

„take a dip“ in the rich amphipod collection there which

primarily was built up by him personally. The present species

is named after a combination of his first and family name, used

as an adjective.

Description. Based on male, 2.5 mm.

T. Krapp-Schickel

Figure 1: Stenothoe garpoorea n.sp.: holotype male 2.5 mm and paratype female 2.2mm, SE Indonesia.

New and poorly described stenothoids (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from the Pacific Ocean.

Figure 2: Stenothoe garpoorea n.sp.: holotype male 2.5 mm, SE Indonesia.

T. Krapp-Schickel

Head. Eyes rather big, round. Antenna 1 longer than head

and peraeonites 1-4, longer than antenna 2; peduncular article

2 longer than article 1; flagellum with 14 articles; accessory

flagellum absent or not found. Antenna 2 peduncle article 4

subequal or somewhat shorter than article 5, a bit thicker;

flagellum with 8 articles which have each a hump distally

next to the articulation and only on one side; obviously

these second antennae are used to grip or hold on the host, as

they are always kept symmetrically with these humps showing

to the antenna of the other side.

Mouthparts. Mandible palp absent (at least not found).

Maxilla 1 palp 2-articulate. Maxilliped outer plate minute.

Peraeon. Gnathopods 1-2 dissimilar in size and shape.

Gnathopod 1 subchelate; merus enlarged, produced distally,

longer than carpus; carpus triangular, longer than wide;

propodus about 2 x as long as broad, palm defined by obtuse

corner. Coxa 2 triangular, distally with acute corner.

Gnathopod 2 subchelate, carpus shorter than wide, cup-

shaped; propodus distally widened, similar to a fist, palm

unevenly serrated; dactylus reaching about half length of

propodus. Coxa 3 distally with stridulation ridge. Peraeopod

5 basis not expanded, but linear, merus widened and distally

also slightly lengthened, reaching about 1/3 along carpus.

Peraeopod 6, 7 basis fully expanded; merus distal expansion

reaching about 1/3 length of carpus; dactylus large, subequal

or larger than half propodus).

Pleon. Epimeron 3 posteroventral corner subquadrate/

rounded. Urosomites free. Uropod 1 peduncle without

distoventral spine, subequal rami shorter than peduncle.

Uropods 2 inner rami clearly shorter than outer ones.

Uropod 3 with peduncle and single ramus, which is longer

than peduncle, 2 articulate, article 2 subequal in length to

article 1; peduncle and ramus article 1 each with 2 robust

setae. Telson laminar, with 2 dorsolateral robust setae, apically

subacute.

Female (sexually dimorphic characters). A1 relatively

shorter. Gnathopod 2 palm less serrated than in male, Cx2

narrower.

Habitat. Marine; among the gorgonacean Acanthogorgia.

On sand, 15 m.

Distribution: Indonesia, Pacific Ocean.

Remarks. This species shares the very unusual and characteristic

humps or „warts“ on the second antennae with Stenothoe

verrucosa n.sp., which was found in the same habitat; but in the

latter these humps are on the last peduncular and first flagellum

article, while in the present species they are exclusively on the

flagellum. No other members of this genus are reported with

such a structure.

Stenothoe verrucosa n.sp.

Figs. 3, 4

Holotype: male 3.5mm; from „Danske Expedition til Kei Oerne” by T.

Mortensen, 1922; 15m sand and Acanthogorgia ; slide ZMUC

CRU-20185.

Type locality: Kai (or Kei) Islands (= Nuhu Evav, Tanat Evav),

E-Banda-Sea, SE Indonesia, province Maluku (see also Mortensen,

1923).

Etymology: „Warty“ is in Latin „verrucosus“; used as an adjective,

indicating the very special structure of the second antenna.

Description. Based on male, 3.5 mm.

Head. Eyes normal size, roundish. Antenna 1 longer than

head and peraeonites 1-4, longer than antenna 2; peduncular

article 2 longer than article 1; flagellum with 22 articles;

accessory flagellum absent. Antenna 2 peduncle article 4

shorter than article 5 and thicker; article 5 with 5 humps or

„warts“ on the inner margin; flagellum article 1 thickened

proximally and distally next to the articulations on the

inner side; obviously these second antennae are used to grip

or hold on the host, as they are always kept symmetrically with

these humps showing to the antenna of the other side.

Mouthparts. Mandible palp absent, molar absent. Maxilla

1 palp 2-articulate. Maxilliped inner plate reaching along 1/3

of ischium, outer plate absent.

Peraeon. Gnathopods 1-2 dissimilar in size and shape.

Gnathopod 1 subchelate; merus very much enlarged, produced

distally, surpassing carpus; carpus triangular, much longer

than wide, more than 2x as long as wide; propodus about 2x as

long as broad, medially widened, palm defined by obtuse

corner. Coxa 2 anterior margin rounded, posterior one

straight, distally with rounded corner. Gnathopod 2

subchelate, carpus shorter than wide, cup-shaped; propodus

distally narrowing, palm with 4-5 small humps, no palmar

corner; dactylus reaching along full length of propodus,

inner margin beset with many short setae. Coxa 3 distally

with stridulation ridge, posterior margin excavated.

Peraeopod 5 basis linear, merus widened and distally also

shortly lengthened, reaching about 1/2 along carpus. P 6, 7

basis fully expanded; merus distal expansion reaching about

1/2 length of carpus; dactylus subequal to half propodus.

Pleon. Epimeron 3 posteroventral corner subquadrate/

rounded. Urosomites free. Uropod 1 peduncle without

distoventral spine, beset with many short robust setae; subequal

rami shorter than peduncle. U 2 inner rami somewhat shorter

than outer ones. U 3 with peduncle and single ramus,

which is shorter than peduncle, 2 articulate, article 2

shorter than article 1; ramus article 1 each with 1 robust

seta. Telson laminar, with 2 dorsolateral robust setae, apically

subacute.

Female unknown.

Habitat. Marine; among the gorgonacean Acanthogorgia.

On sand, 15 m.

Distribution: Indonesia, Pacific Ocean.

Remarks. This species shares the very unusual and characteristic

humps or „warts“ on the second antennae with Stenothoe

garpoorea n.sp., which was found in the same habitat; but in

the latter these humps are not on the last peduncular and first

flagellum article, but exclusively on the flagellum.

Stenothoe cf. miersii (Haswell, 1879)

Figs. 5, 6

Montagua Miersii Haswell, 1879: 323, pi. 24, fig. 4

Montagna longicornis Haswell, 1879: 323, pi. 24, fig. 5

New and poorly described stenothoids (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from the Pacific Ocean.

Figure 3: Stenothoe verrucosa n.sp.: holotype male 3.5mm, SE Indonesia.

100

T. Krapp-Schickel

Figure 4: Stenothoe verrucosa n.sp.: holotype male 3.5mm, SE Indonesia.

New and poorly described stenothoids (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from the Pacific Ocean.

101

Figure 5: Stenothoe cf. miersii : male 2mm, SE Indonesia.

102

T. Krapp-Schickel

Figure 6: Stenothoe cf. miersii: male 2mm, SE Indonesia.

New and poorly described stenothoids (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from the Pacific Ocean.

103

Material examined: male 2mm from „Danske Expedition til Kei

Oerne” by T. Mortensen, 1922 (SE Indonesia); 15m sand and

Acanthogorgicr, slide ZMUC CRU-20186.

Remarks. There are several characters which fit perfectly to

Stenothoe miersii (antennae, gnathopods, coxalplates,

peraeopods), but the characteristic peduncular spur on U1 is

only minutely developed, and the basis of P6 and P7 is not fully

expanded. Stenothoe miersii is reported with a length of 3.5mm

in fully adult specimens and the present single specimen

measures only 2mm, thus both these characters could change

with allometry. Until now it was reported around most of the

Australian coasts; it would be new for Indonesia.

Genus Metopa Boeck, 1871

Diagnosis. Palp of mandible with 3-2 articles. Palp of maxilla

1 with 1 article. Inner plate of maxilla 2 ordinary. Inner plates

of maxilliped often fused or well separated (type). Gnathopod

1 small, almost simple, but variable, propodus scarcely

expanded, almost linear, carpus elongate. Peraeopod 5 with

rectolinear basis, peraeopod 6-7 with expanded basis. Telson

entire, flappable.

Metopa eupraxiae n.sp.

Figs. 7-9

Stenothoides carinatus Gurjanova 1953: 230-233, figs. 13, 14

Stenula carinata (Gurjanova) in: Barnard & Karaman 1991: 69

(change of genus for the illustration of the Md palp without articulation)

non Metopa carinata Hansen 1887:311 = Metopella carinata in

Gurjanova 1951: 474, figs. 311

Holotype: Tsugaru Strait = Tsugaru-kaikyo (41° 37'N, 140° 52'E),

N-Japan, between Japan Sea and Pacific Ocean, on hydroid Sertularia

crassicornis Allman, coll. Suensen 1882, 200m depth; 1 male 4mm

(18) slide ZMUC CRU-20187.

Additional material: same locality, same collector, 1 female slide

ZMUC CRU-20188; 38 specimen (males, females, juveniles) in

alcohol. 2 adult specimens 4mm in alcohol, coll. Suensen 1882 and

1893 ZMUC CRU-20201 & CRU-20202, 2 slides ZMUC CRU-20189

& CRU-20190; 2 specimens in alcohol, probably juveniles. ZMUC

CRU-20203.

Etymology: In honour to Eupraxia Gurjanova.

Description. Based on male, 4 mm

Body. Posterior half carinate.

Head. Eyes rounded. Antenna 1 peduncle robust, article 1

length about three times the width; flagellum 18 articles,

accessory flagellum absent. A 2 clearly longer than Al,

peduncle robust, flagellum shorter than peduncle, with 14

articles.

Mouthparts. Mandible palp clearly visible with one

rectangular basal article and a long second one which is more

than 3x longer than article 1, with 3 distal and some marginal

long setae; the usual article 3 is missing. Maxilla 1 palp with

1 article; Maxilla 2 plates in ordinary tandem position;

Maxilliped IP not fused, about 2/3 length of ischium; OP

visible as acute tooth-shaped prolongation; dactylus long,

subequal to propodus.

Peraeon. Coxae. Cx2 oval without tooth; Cx3 tongue-

shaped, 2.5x longer than wide, Cx4 not excavated, anterior

margin straight, posterior margin rounded, about 1.5 x wider

than long.

Gnathopods. Gnl, 2 propodi extremely different in shape

and size. Gnathopod 1 propodus rectangular, palm oblique,

well defined, remaining hind margin longer than palm;

carpus clearly longer than propodus, with parallel

margins, proximally somewhat narrower than distally;

merus incipiently chelate, with free distal end; all articles

beset with groups of long setae. Gnathopod 2 length of

propodus subequal to longer than Cx2; propodus trapezoid-

shaped, rectipalmate; anterior margin beset with robust

setae; hind margin subequal to length of palm which has one

deep excavation near thumb-shaped palmar corner and 5

humps next to dactylus insertion; incisions between these

humps have long setae which get lost with age; dactylus same

length like palm. Gn2 carpus much shorter than wide, cup-

shaped, merus not lobate.

Peraeopods. P3 basis elongate but proximally swollen,

with glands inside; anterior margin regularly beset with many

short setae; all other articles elongate and weak, dactylus

longer than half propodus, weak and smooth; all articles except

basis have short setae on posterior margin. P4 all articles much

more robust, but without setation; merus anterodistal margin

lengthened and rounded; dactylus on inner side strongly

serrated like in P5-7. P5-P7 merus about twice as wide as

carpus and only about 1.25% lengthened posterodistally,

reaching ca the proximal third of carpuslength; basis P6, 7

widened with rounded posterodistal lobe.

Pleon. Uropods. U1 peduncle shorter than subequal rami,

with short robust setae on peduncle and rami; U2 peduncle

also beset with small robust setae, shorter than longer ramus,

rami very unequal (about 3:2); U3 peduncle much shorter

than ramus, article 1 of ramus subequal to peduncle and

much longer than the claw-shaped robust article 2.

Telson. Not reaching end of peduncle U3, with 3 robust

setae on each side.

Habitat. On hydroids, 200m depth.

Distribution. Tsugaru Strait, between the Japan Sea and

Pacific Ocean.

Remarks. Gurjanova, 1953 described anew species Stenothoides

carinatus from the Kuril Islands East of Japan, between the

Kamchatka Peninsula and the Japanese Hokkaido. Two years

later she published another new species from a similar locality,

Metopa kobjakovae. These two species differ mainly in the

presence/absence of a third article in the mandibular palp, the

length of U3 ramus article 1 and the spination of the telson with

presence/absence of robust setae also on the upper surface.

The present material is very close to Stenothoides carinatus

Gurjanova 1953, which was later given to Stenula by Barnard

& Karaman, 1991 for the Md palp drawn without any

articulation. But in the present specimens there is clearly

visible a proximal first article on the Md palp, and furthermore

the gnathopods are indicating a close relationship to Metopa,

not to Stenula.

As the name Metopa carinata is already occupied,

although in synonymy with other taxa, there had to be created

104

T. Krapp-Schickel

Figure 7: Metopa eupraxiae n.sp.: holotype male 4mm, N Japan.

New and poorly described stenothoids (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from the Pacific Ocean.

105

Figure 8: Metopa eupraxiae n.sp.: holotype male 4mm, N Japan.

106

T. Krapp-Schickel

Figure 9: Metopa eupraxiae n.sp.: holotype male 4mm, N Japan.

New and poorly described stenothoids (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from the Pacific Ocean.

107

a new name for this species. It matches well the drawings of

Gurjanova, 1953 for Stenothoides carinatus except:

• Gnl propodus palmar corner a bit wider than 90° (in

Gurjanova exactly 90°)

• the shorter merus on P4-7 in our material,

• the not illustrated serration of the dactyli in P4-7 (clearly

present in our material)

• the spination in U3 and T (richer in Gurjanova‘s

species).

The differences from our material to Metopa kobjakovae

are:

• Md palp with 3 articles

• Gnl propodus palmar corner a bit wider than 90° (in

Gurjanova exactly 90°)

• U3 ramus article longer

• T richly spinose

• nowhere mentioned a carinate body in M. kobjakovae,

while the serration on P6, 7 is illustrated.

It could be that all three species are synonymous and show

allometric differences, in this case the new species presented

here would become junior synynym of Metopa kobjakovae-,

but for the time being I cannot check if M. kobjakovae also has

a carinate body and if older specimens of the other species

become more richly spinose.

Metopa exigua n.sp.

Figs. 10-11

Holotype: one male 2mm. Off Korea, 38°15'N, 128°45'E, 200m depth,

coll. Schonau IV/1897. Slide ZMUC CRU-20191.

Additional material: 2 females ov. 1.8mm same locality. Slides

ZMUC CRU-20192.

Type locality: off Korea.

Etymology: from Latin „exiguus“ meaning poor, weak, tiny,

minute.

Description. Based on male 2mm, female 1.8mm

Body. Smooth.

Head. Eyes rounded. Antenna 1 peduncle article 1 length

about three times the width in female, in male slimmer; article

2 in female shorter, in male much longer than article 1;

flagellum 13-14 articles, accessory flagellum absent. A 2

clearly shorter than A 1 , peduncle article 4 the longest, flagellum

shorter than peduncle, with 6-10 articles.

Mouthparts. Mandible palp with one quadrangular

basal article and a long, thickened second one which is

more than 3x longer than article 1, and a very short and

small third article carrying 1 long distal seta. Maxilla 1

palp with 1 article; Maxilla 2 plates in ordinary tandem

position; Maxilliped IP not fused; OP visible as acute tooth-

shaped prolongation; dactylus long, shorter than propodus.

Peraeon. Coxae. Cx2 oval without tooth; Cx3 tongue-

shaped to rectangular, Cx4 not excavated, anterior margin

straight, posterior one rounded.

Gnathopods. Gnl, 2 propodi extremely different in shape

and size. Gnathopod 1 propodus rectangular and narrow,

palm not defined; carpus clearly longer and wider than

propodus, proximally narrower than distally; merus

without free distal end; all articles beset with groups of short

setae. Gnathopod 2 male propodus hind margin longer than

length of palm which has one deep rounded excavation near

thumb-shaped palmar corner and many small serrations

next to dactylus insertion; these incisions show single setae;

dactylus somewhat shorter than length of palm. Gn2 carpus

longer than wide, triangular, merus not lobate.

Peraeopods. P3 basis elongate and slender; all other

articles elongate and weak, dactylus longer than half

propodus, weak and smooth. P4 all articles much more

robust, with dense setation; merus somewhat curved;

dactylus longer than half propodus. P5-P7 merus wider than

carpus and only shortly lengthened posterodistally; basis

P6, 7 widened with rounded posterodistal lobe; all peraeopods

with short setation.

Pleon. Uropods. U1 peduncle longer than subequal rami,

with short robust setae on peduncle and rami; U2 peduncle

also beset with small robust setae, longer than longer

ramus, rami very unequal; U3 peduncle shorter to subequal

ramus, article 1 of ramus shorter or subequal to the spine-

shaped robust article 2.

Telson. Triangular, distally pointed, with few marginal

robust setae.

Habitat. 200m depth.

Distribution. Off Korea, Pacific Ocean.

Remarks. At first sight this species looks similar to Metopa

wiesei Gurjanova, 1933, as the second male gnathopod is nearly

identical.

For a better comparison I provide here a detailed translation

of the original description of the latter species:

„Metopa wiesei Gurjanova 1933: 123; 1951; 421 fig. 260

Type locality: Jugorsky Shar, 69° 46'N, 60°35'O, 20m depth.

Translation of original description in Gurjanova 1933:

Length 3.5mm. Eyes large, roundish. Antennae long; A1

article 1 as long as 2+3 together; flagellum 13 articles. A2

somewhat longer than Al, peduncle article 3 > article 2;

flagellum short, 7 articles. Mxp inner plate not fused; last

articles of palp with short stiff setae on inner margin and basis.

Mxl palp with 1 article, Md palp with 2 articles.

Cx 4 evenly rounded, very large. Peraeopods robust. P6,7

basis short, broad, merus broadened and lengthened.

Gnl simple, dactylus on inner margin with short setae.

Gn2 in male strongly developed with a long acute tooth on

palmar corner; palm with 5 rounded humps which are stronger

versus outer margin. Ep3 with acutely lengthened posterodistal

corner. T oval, with acute tip and 3 pairs of thick dorsal robust

setae. U3 peduncle with 3 thick robust setae, ramus articles

subequal, but shorter than peduncle.

Stands near to Metopa clypeata, but Ep3, eyes, antennae,

both gnathopods and telson shape are different. 44

This description, without any illustrations in Gurjanova

1933, but with some sketchy ones in Gurjanova 1951, makes

clear that mainly the antennae (Al article 1 as long as article

2+3 together) and peraeopods (merus broadened and lengthened)

are very different from the newly coined species. It seems also

probable that M. wiesei has a more robust body living in 20m

depth, while M. exigua n.sp. has the thin and delicate legs of

108

T. Krapp-Schickel

Figure 10: Metopa exigua n.sp.: holotype male 2mm, female 1.8mm, off Korea.

New and poorly described stenothoids (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from the Pacific Ocean.

109

Figure 11: Metopa exigua n.sp.: holotype male 2mm, female 1.8mm, off Korea.

110

T. Krapp-Schickel

typical mud inhabitants (it comes from 200m depth).

The new species belongs to a difficult group with often not

very clear morphological character-states: Metopa abyssi

Pirlot, 1933; M. angustimana Gurjanova, 1948; M. bruzelii

(Goes, 1866); M. dawsoni Barnard, 1962; M. longicornis

Boeck, 1871; M. longirama Dunbar, 1942; M. palmata Sars,

1895; M. quadrangula Reibisch, 1905; M. tenuimana Sars,

1895; M. wiesei Gurjanova, 1933.

They all share the simple Gnl with elongate propodus and

carpus, which are similarly wide (vs. carpus much wider in the

group around the type species M. clypeata ) and should be

separated from the other members of Metopa. It should also be

checked, if all of them have the inner plates of the maxilliped

well separated like the type M. clypeata and unlike many

other Metopa members.

Metopa torbeni n.sp.

Fig. 12

Holotype: 1 spec. ?sex 3mm. Danish Exp. to Siam by Carl Mortensen,

Gulf of Thailand, 1.6 km S of Ko(h) Chuen, shells; dredge; 1. February

1900; 30 Fv. = 54m; slide ZMUC CRU-20193.

Type locality: Gulf of Thailand.

Etymology: Dedicated to the 90th birthday of Torben Wolff,

indefatigable crustaceologist at the Copenhagen Museum.

Description. Based on ?sex, 3mm.

Head. Eyes rounded. Antenna 1 robust, longer than head

and peraeonites 1—4, longer than antenna 2; peduncular article 1

length about two times the width; flagellum with 14 articles;

accessory flagellum absent. A2 much shorter than A 1 , peduncle

robust, flagellum longer than peduncle article 5, with 8 articles.

Mouthparts. Mandible palp not clearly seen, with one long

distal seta. Maxilla 1 palp 1-articulate. Maxilla 2 outer plate

sitting next to inner one. Maxilliped inner plates not fused,

surpassing length of ischium, rectangular; outer plate lacking,

dactylus a bit shorter than propodus.

Peraeon. Coxa 2 oval without tooth; Cx3 tongue-shaped;

Cx4 not excavated, anterior and posterior margin rounded, much

wider than long. Gnathopods 1-2 extremely dissimilar in shape

and size. Gnathopodl dactylus short and thickened; propodus

elongate, palm not defined, about 4 x as long as wide; carpus

much longer than propodus, also with parallel margins,

proximally wider than distally; merus incipiently chelate,

with free obtuse distal end; all articles beset with groups of

setae. Gnathopod 2 length of propodus longer than Cx2,

subpiriform; hind margin much shorter than length of palm

which has one wide shallow excavation near palmar corner

and 4 humps next to dactylus insertion; palmar corner not

well defined. Dactylus same length like palm; carpus shorter

than wide, cup-shaped, merus not lobate. Peraeopod 4 merus

anterodistal margin somewhat lengthened. Peraeopod 7 basis

widened with rounded posterodistal lobe; merus lengthened and

widened, reaching about 3/4 carpus length.

Pleon. Urosomites articulation not clearly visible. Uropod

1 peduncle nearly twice as long as subequal rami, with 5 short

robust setae; U 2 peduncle also beset with small robust setae,

longer than longer ramus, rami unequal; U 3 peduncle longer

than ramus, article 1 of ramus longer than article 2.

Telson. Not reaching end of peduncle U3, with 2 robust

setae.

Female (sexually dimorphic characters). Unknown.

Habitat. Marine; among shells, 54m.

Distribution: Gulf of Thailand, Pacific Ocean.

Remarks. Despite the fact that the mandible palp of this small

specimen was not clearly visible, this new species must belong

to the group around the type of Metopa , having a very

specialized Gnl with a short dactylus, narrow propodus,

elongate carpus distally narrowing and a short rectangular

merus with a free distal margin. However, Gn2 propodus is

different from all other members, as M. clypeata (Krpyer,

1842); M. cristata Gurjanova, 1955; M. kobjakovae Gurjanova,

1955; M. koreana Gurjanova 1952; M. leptocarpa Sars, 1883;

M. norvegica (Liljeborg, 1851), M. robusta Sars, 1895; M.

spitzbergensis Bruggen, 1907; M. submajuscula Gurjanova,

1948: all have a clearly pronounced tooth on the palmar corner,

and most of these species are rectipalmate. Even if the present

specimen is a young one, it is quite improbable that allometric

growth will change the propodus to such a degree.

Metopa koreana Gurjanova 1952

Figs. 13-14

M. koreana Gurjanova 1952: 187-188, fig. 13

Material examined:

•off Korea, 42°N, 130' E; 1100m; 2.1.1901. Beautiful and rich

material in alcohol (more than 30 males, females, juveniles). (27).

ZMUC CRU-20198.

•36°45’N, 130°E 1.12.1934 6mm slide, 2 spec, in alcohol (51);

„E-Asia“, Suensen leg., 19. 4. 1911: 1 specimen 6mm (22). ZMUC

CRU-20194.

Eength: 6-8mm

Remarks. There are only a few characters different to the very

similar, but nearly twice as long type species Metopa clypeata

(Krpyer) from the Atlantic: in the type the Gn2 is clearly

rectipalmate and the palm seems nearly smooth, while the

present material has a palmar corner of about 120° and in males

there are two semicircular excavations near the palmar corner,

whereas the females or juveniles have only shallow excavations;

Gn2 carpus is dorsally similarly but somewhat less sculptured

in M. koreana ; Cx2 has an unusual blunt corner of about 120°

on the hind margin (vs. linguiform rounded Cx2 in M. clypeata)-,

Gnl carpus is a bit stronger and more prominent in M. clypeata-,

A2 peduncle article 4 and article 5 are subequal and very long

(vs. much more robust and shorter). P5-7 merus is less

lengthened distoposteriorly, the legs are more slender. The

differences which are most easily seen are in the usorome: Ul,2

peduncle is clearly longer than the rami (vs. peduncle and rami

subequal in M. c., see Tandberg & Vader 2009 Fig. 8), U3 has

a long, slender peduncle with many robust setae (vs. a

characteristical prolongation on the peduncle with few robust

setae in M. clypeata), T with many robust setae (vs. with few

robust setae in M. c., see also Tandberg & Vader 2009 figs. 8,

9).

New and poorly described stenothoids (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from the Pacific Ocean.

Ill

Figure 12: Metopa torbeni n.sp.: holotype ?sex 3mm, Gulf of Thailand.

112

T. Krapp-Schickel

Figure 13: Metopa koreana: male 6mm, off Korea.

New and poorly described stenothoids (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from the Pacific Ocean.

113

Figure 14: Metopa koreana: male 6mm, off Korea.

114 T. Krapp-Schickel

Figure 15: Metopa cf. bulychevae: ?juv. 1.5mm, Chinese coast.

New and poorly described stenothoids (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from the Pacific Ocean.

115

Figure 16: Metopa cf. clypeata : ?sex. 8mm, Japan Sea.

116

T. Krapp-Schickel

Metopa cf. bulychevae Gurjanova, 1955

Fig. 15

Metopa bulychevae Gurjanova 1955: 170-172, figs. 3, 4

Material examined: Small (juv.?) specimen (1.5 mm) in not very good

condition, from 23°20'N, 118°30'E (coast of China) and 17 Fr depth,

slide ZMUC CRU-20195.

Remarks. There is a (probably basic) group of Metopa species

with a first gnathopod having a widened propodus which shows

a palmar corner: the Atlantic species M. aequicornis Sars,

1879, M. alderi (Bate, 1857), M. boeckii Sars, 1895 belong here,

as well as M. spectabilis Sars 1879, if it is not a synonym to M.

alderi ; but also the Pacific species M. samsiluna Barnard, 1966

and the Japanese ones, M. uschakovi Gurjanova, 1948 and M.

bulychevae Gurjanova, 1955. Both are not completely described,

but Metopa uschakovi has a Gnl which is much more slender

with a carpus much longer than broad, and in U3 the peduncle

is less spinose, while the characters of gnathopods, P7 and U3

would fit quite well to M. bulychevae.

Metopa cf. clypeata (Krpyer, 1842)

Fig. 16

Leucothoe clypeata Krpyer 1842:157; 1845: 545 pi. 6, fig. 2a-f

Metopa clypeata Tandberg & Vader 2009: 3 figs. 1-9, 19-21 (see

here for elaborate synonymy)

Material examined:

•42°N, 130° 30'E (Japan Sea), 16. 11.1881 Suensen coll., 8mm 1 es.

alcohol. 1 slide, ZMUC CRU-20196.

•30° 50'N, 122° 40'E Japan, Nagasaki, Gutzloff & Schonau coll.:

21 specimens 6mm, 1 ad. 12mm. ZMUC CRU-20197.

Remarks. It seems strange that the Atlantic species M. clypeata

is found also on the Northern Pacific Coasts, but morphologically

there is absolutely no difference to the meticulously redescribed

type in Tandberg & Vader, 2009. As already mentioned in M.

koreana, M. clypeata can become quite large (up to 15mm), has

a more or less smooth, only shallowly waved or finely serrated

palm on Gn2 in both sexes with a 90° palmar corner, and

robust, poorly spinose uropods and telson.

Gurjanova 1951:417 describes the species as follows:

„A1 longer than A2, Gnl straight, article 4 expanded with

wide hilly lobe, article 5 elongate and widening in the middle,

distally narrowing, article 6 narrow, linear, shorter than article

5. Dactylus with 7-8 setae on ventral margin.

Gn2 with strong subchela; on surface of cup-shaped article

5 rows of small glistening humps, article 6 very big, 2x as long

as article 5; distally somewhat widened. Palmar margin nearly

horizontal with large tooth-shaped prolongation, in males near

this tooth a deep sinus. In all peraeopods the inner margin of

the dactylus with teeth.

U3 basal article with 5-6 short robust setae, 2 rami equal

to length of outer margin of basal article (- peduncle).

Telson with 2 pairs of lateral spines. Length up to 12mm.

Geographical distribution: amphiboreal, known from

western and eastern Greenland, Spitzbergen, bay of St.

Lawrence, lives in hydroid colonies. Tschukots Sea, Bering,

Ochotks, Japanese Sea. Data of Jsrzhinskij (1870) from the

White Sea until now not confirmed. 44

This species is not very commonly found, and at sites far

apart: Tandberg & Vader 2009: Greenland (type locality), Bering

Sea, Point Barrow, Alaska, Gulf of St. Lawrence in depths from

20 to 300m; older reports from Bohuslan (Sweden), Banff

(Scotland), Christiansund (W-Norway) andTromsp (N-Norway).

Now also from the Pacific Ocean?.

Acknowledgements

I am extremely thankful for all the help received at the

Copenhagen Museum by Jprgen Olesen and Tom Schiptte

during my stay there supported by the SYNTHESYS program

BE-TAF-5346.

References

Barnard, J. L. and Karaman, G. 1991. The Families and Genera of

Marine Gammaridean Amphipoda (Except Marine Gammaroids),

part 1,2. Records of the Australian Museum , Suppl. 13(1/2): p.

1-866. Sydney.

Coleman, O., 2003. Digital inking: How to make perfect line drawings

on computers. Organisms, Diversity and Evolution, Electronic

Supplement, http://senckenberg.de/odes/03-14.htm, 14: 1-14.

Coleman, O., 2009. Drawing setae the digital way. Zoosystematics

and Evolution 85(2): 305-310.

Gurjanova, E. 1933. Zur Amphipodenfauna des Karischen Meeres.

Zoologischer Anzeiger 103(5/6): 119-128, 4 figs.

Gurjanova, E. 1951. Amphipoda-Gammaridae. (Izdatelstvo Akademii

Nauk, Bokoplavy morej SSSR USSR 41). Moskva, 1031pp, 705

figs.

Gurjanova, E. 1952. Novye vidy bokoplvov (Amphipoda, Gammaridea)

iz dal’ nevostochnyx morei. Akademii Nauk SSSR, Trudy zool.

Inst. 12: 171-194, 117 figs.

Gurjanova, E. 1953. Amphipoda-Gammaridae. Trudi Zool. Inst.

Akademija Nauk USSR 13: 216-241.

Gurjanova,E. 1955. Novye vidy bokoplavov (Amphipoda Gammaridea)

iz severnoi chasti Tixogo Okeana. Zoologicheskogo Instituta

Akademii Nauk SSSR 18: 166-218, 123 figs.

Hansen, H.J. 1887. Malacostraca marina Groenlandiae occidentalis.

Oversigt over det vestlige Grpnlands fauna of malakostrake

Havkrebsdyr. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk

Naturhistorisk Forening, Kjobenhavn: 5-226, pi. 222-227.

Haswell, W.A. 1879. On some additional new genera and species of

amphipodous crustaceans. Proceedings of the Linnean Society

New South Wales. 4/5: 319-350, pi. 318-324

Krpyer, H. 1842. Une nordiske Slaegter og Arter af Amfipodernes

Orden, henhorende til Familien Gammarina. (Forelobigt Uddrag

af et storre Arbejde). Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift 4: 141-166.

Mortensen, T., 1923: Station list for the Danish Expedition to the Kei

Islands in 1922 (= no. 43). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Danks

Naturhistorisk Forening 76: 55-99, pi. I— III (= 2 maps of Kei

Islands and Banda Sea + 1 map of “Java-Sea and Sunda-Strait”).

Tandberg, A.H., S. and Vader, W. 2009. A redescription of Metopa

species (Amphipoda, Stenothoidae) based on the type material. 1.

Zoolog. Museum, Copenhagen (ZMUC). Zootaxa 2093: 1-36.

Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 117-127 (2009)

ISSN 1447-2546 (Print) 1447-2554 (On-line)

http://museumvictoria.com.au/About/Books-and-Journals/Journals/Memoirs-of-Museum-Victoria

The genus Floresorchestia (Amphipoda: Talitridae) on Cocos (Keeling) and

Christmas Islands

J.K. Lowry & R.T. Springthorpe

Crustacea Section, Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010, Australia (jim.lowry@austmus.

gov.au & roger.springthorpe@austmus.gov.au)

Abstract Lowry, J.K. & Springthorpe, R.T. 2009. The genus Floresorchestia (Amphipoda: Talitridae) on Cocos (Keeling) and

Christmas Islands. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 117-127.

The widespread Indo-West Pacific and Caribbean talitrid genus Floresorchestia is reported from Cocos (Keeling)

and Christmas Islands for the first time and a new species, F. poorei is described. Floresorchestia poorei is common on the

beaches of West Island, Cocos (Keeling).

Keywords Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Christmas Island, taxonomy, new species, Floresorchestia

poorei

Introduction

As part of the Circum-Australian Amphipod Project (CAAP)

a team of Australian Museum biologists collected extensively

at Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Christmas Island during

October 2008. Among the collections was a new species of

Floresorchestia from sheltered sand beaches at Cocos

(Keeling) Islands. A small population of Floresorchestia was

also found at Dolly Beach on Christmas Island but no mature

males were collected and we cannot describe it at this time.

There are few other beaches on Christmas Island with suitable

habitat. At the time of its collection the population was small,

sheltering under coconuts and restricted to the edges of a small

stream in the middle of Dolly beach.

Floresorchestia is a widespread coastal and forest-dwelling

genus which occurs mainly on islands in the Indian and Pacific

Oceans and in the Caribbean Sea. It is a straightforward genus

to recognize because of the autapomorphic stridulating organs

on the epimera. Unfortunately early species such as F.

pickeringi (Dana, 1853), F. floresiana (Weber, 1892), F.

anomala (Chevreux, 1901) and F. ancheidos (K.H. Barnard,

1916) were not well described in a modern sense and this has

lead to confusion in later identifications. Recently Miyamoto

& Morino (2008) have produced modern detailed descriptions

which reveal newly recognised species-level characters in the

genus. In this paper we describe a new species, F. poorei from

Cocos (Keeling) Islands and report an undescribed population

of Floresorchestia from Christmas Island.

We think there are unrecognized species hidden in the

synonymies of F. anomala and F. floresiana. We also suspect

there are additional undiscovered species scattered throughout

the numerous Indo-West Pacific islands. This is an important

area of investigation because this widespread Indo-West

Pacific and Caribbean genus, with little means of dispersal,

holds an important biogeography story.

Location

Cocos (Keeling) is an isolated atoll in the north-eastern Indian

Ocean. Until the 1840’s it was forested and was the site of a

huge seabird rookery. In the early 1800s the habitat was

destroyed and replaced with Coconut trees. The only remaining

intact habitat in this set of islands is at North Keeling Island

about 20 km north of Cocos (Keeling). The islands of Cocos

(Keeling) are ringed by white calcareous sand beaches.

Floresorchestia poorei is common in the supralittoral zone on

these beaches wherever suitable habitat occurs. We strongly

suspect Floresorchestia poorei was living at Cocos (Keeling)

before the transformation, but there is a possibility that it was

introduced with the Coconut plantations. If they were there

before the transformation then they should be living on North

Keeling Island.

Micro -morphology of Floresorchestia

The maxillipedal palp in talitrids may be fully developed,

reduced to a small rectangular article, reduced to a button-

shaped article or fused to article 3 of the palp. In Floresorchestia

poorei it is reduced into a button-shaped article (fig. 1C).

The male gnathopod 1 and female gnathopod 2 have well

developed lobes on the posterior margin of the merus, carpus

and propodus (figs ID, H, J, 2D). These lobes are covered in

short palmate setae (fig. 2E, F) of Oshel & Steele (1988: 96,

fig. 16). Palmate setae have a solid base radiating into short

distal tines and may be used in rasping or scouring. They take

118

J.K. Lowry & R.T. Springthorpe

Figure 1. Floresorchestia poorei sp. nov., A-B, paratype, female, AM P80543: left mandible; B, left mandible incisor; C, paratype, female, AM P80543:

maxilliped palp article 4. D-J, paratype, male, AM P80544: male gnathopod 1 ; E, propodus posterolateral serrate seta; F, propodus posterolateral serrate

setae; G, palm and dactylus showing cuspidate setae along palm; H, mems showing posterior lobe covered in palmate setae; I, propodus lateral cuspidate

seta; J, carpus showing posterior lobe covered in palmate setae. Scale bars: A, B and D represent 100 pm, C represents 50 pm.

The genus Floresorchestia (Amphipoda: Talitridae) on Cocos (Keeling) and Christmas Islands

119

Figure 2. Floresorchestia poorei sp. nov., A-C, gnathopod 2, paratype, male, AM P80544: B, posteromedial margin of palm showing attenuated

dactylus fitting into groove with cuticular patch; C, cuticular patch. D-F, gnathopod 2, paratype, female, AM P80543: E, small palmate setae on

propodus; F, large palmate setae on propodus. Scale bars: A and D represent 100 pm.

120

J.K. Lowry & R.T. Springthorpe

Figure 3. Floresorchestia poorei sp. nov., A-C, paratype, female, AM P80543: A, pereopod 3 dactylus; B, pereopod 4 dactylus; C, denticulate

patch on dactylus of pereopod 4; D-G, paratype female, AM P80532: D-E, spatulate setae on oostegite of gnathopod 2; F, stridulating organ on

epimera 2 and 3, basis of pereopod 7 posterior margin; G, telson and uropod 3. Scale bars: A, B, F and G represent 100 pm, D represents 20 pm.

The genus Floresorchestia (Amphipoda: Talitridae) on Cocos (Keeling) and Christmas Islands

121

slightly different forms depending on their position on the

lobes. Whatever the function these lobes are widespread

within the talitrids. In males they are found on different

combinations of the merus, carpus and propodus of gnathopod

1 and in females, and males of a number of land-hopper genera,

they occur on gnathopod 2.

On the surface of the propodus of gnathopod 1 there are

least two types of sensory setae. Both of these setal types

appear to have pores at the tips. Cuspidate setae occur along

the palm (fig. 1G) and on the lateral and medial surfaces (fig.

II). A short, slender, sharp projection arises from the side of

the shaft and a row of denticles covers the distal end. At the tip

is a distinct pore. The posterolateral serrate setae (fig. IE, F)

have a long, slender shaft with setules, distal denticles and a

terminal pore, similar to the plumo denticulate setae of Watling

(1989, 22, fig. 4E) and the serrate setae of Garm (2004, fig 8a,

c).

On male gnathopod 2 the anterior margin of the basis and

ischium develop lateral and medial flanges which form a cradle

for the propodus (fig. 2A). The dactylus is distally attenuated

and fits into a groove along the posteromedial margin of the

propodus (fig. 2B). At the corner of the palm where the groove

begins there is a distinct cuticular patch of tiny denticles (fig.

2C). This patch forms an abrasive pad which may assist

holding.

The cuspidate dactylus of pereopod 3 tapers evenly along

its margin (fig. 3A), but the dactylus of pereopod 4 is thickened

at the base and a distinct notch occurs along the posterior

margin (fig. 3B). On the anterodistal margin of the dactyli of

pereopods 3 and 4 there is a dense patch of about 20 rows of

what appears to be tiny denticles (fig. 3C). These patches occur

in other talitrids and also on pereopods 5-7. A patch of what

appears to be spatulate setae is shown on the dactylus of

pereopods 5 and 6 of Notorchestia naturaliste (Serejo &

Lowry 2008: 186, fig. 18). The function of these patches is not

known.

Among female talitrids three types of setae have been

documented on the oostegites: simple setae, curl-tipped setae

and setae with multi-furcate tips. In Floresorchestia poorei a

fourth type occurs. The long slender setae (fig. 3D) become

splayed at the tip (fig. 3E) to form a spatulate locking

mechanism.

Although ‘slits’ on the epimeral plates of Floresorchestia

have been mentioned many times, only Bousfield (1970, 1971)

has ever considered their function as stridulating organs. The

serrate posterior margin of the basis of pereopod 7 has also

been mentioned many times, most recently by Miyamoto &

Morino (2008). We have had a close look at this morphology

(figs 3F). The so called ‘slits’ are relatively complex structures

with a raised anterior border and an immediately posterior

hollow bowl or slit. Bousfield (1970, 1971) referred to these

structures as stridulating ridges and we agree that these ridges

form a stridulating organ. And the stridulator appears to be the

unique, strongly serrate posterior margin with tiny robust

setae on the basis of pereopod 7. The interesting thing is that

they occur on both sexes so the function is probably not to

attract a mate.

The telson in Floresorchestia may be entire, apically

notched partially cleft or in the case of F. poorei completely

cleft (fig. 3G). The telson appears to be enclosed by the sides

of urosomite 3 and the peduncle of uropod 3.

Material and methods

The descriptions were generated from a DELTA database

(Dallwitz 2005) to the talitrid genera and species of the world.

All material is lodged in the Australian Museum, Sydney

(AM). Abbreviations are: A, antenna; G, gnathopod; UL,

upper lip; MD, mandible; LL, lower lip; MX, maxilla; MP,

maxilliped; P, pereopod; pi, pleopod; T, telson; U, uropod; L,

left; R, right.

Talitridae Rafinesque, 1815

Floresorchestia Bousfield, 1984

Orchestia floresiana group Bousfield, 1971: 267.

Floresorchestia Bousfield, 1984: 205. —Miyamoto & Morino,

2008: 838.

Type species. Orchestia floresiana Weber, 1892, original

designation.

Included species. Floresorchestia includes 14 species: F.

ancheidos (K. H. Barnard, 1916); F. anomala (Chevreux, 1901);

F. anoquesana (Bousfield, 1971); F. anpingensis Miyamoto &

Morino, 2008; F. floresiana (Weber, 1892); F. guadalupensis

Ciavatti, 1989; F. hanoiensis Hou & Li, 2003; F. monospina

(Stephensen, 1935); F. pectenispina (Bousfield, 1970); F.

pickeringi (Dana, 1853); F. poorei sp. nov.; F. samoana

(Bousfield, 1971); F. vitilevana (J.L. Barnard, 1960); F.

yehyuensis Miyamoto & Morino, 2008.

Description. Head. Mandible left lacinia mobilis 5-dentate or

4-dentate. Maxilliped palp article 2 distomedial lobe well

developed, article 4 reduced, button-shaped.

Pereon. Gnathopod 1 posterior margin of merus, carpus

and propodus each with lobe covered in palmate setae; palm

transverse. Gnathopod 2 subchelate. Pereopods 2-4 coxae

wider than deep. Pereopods 6-7 longer than pereopods 3-5.

Pereopod 6 posterior lobe inner view posteroventral corner

subquadrate or posteroventral corner rounded. Pereopod 7

basis posterior margin with distinct minute serrations, each

with a small seta.

Pleon. Pleopods all well developed. Pleopod 1 peduncle

with or without sparse marginal setae. Pleopod 2 peduncle

with or without sparse marginal setae; outer ramus longer than

peduncle. Pleopod 3 peduncle with or without marginal robust

setae. Epimera 2-3 each with stridulating organs just above

ventral margins. Uropod 1 peduncle distolateral robust seta

present; inner ramus with marginal robust setae; outer ramus

without marginal robust setae or with one long midmedial seta

(in male). Uropod 2 not sexually dimorphic; outer ramus with

marginal robust setae. Uropod 3 ramus shorter than peduncle.

Telson with marginal and apical robust setae.

Female (sexually dimorphic characters). Gnathopod 1

posterior margin of merus, carpus and propodus each without

lobe covered in palmate setae; palm slightly acute. Gnathopod

122

J.K. Lowry & R.T. Springthorpe

2 mitten-shaped.

Habitat. Supralittoral and terrestrial amphipods of tropical

rain forests, mangroves and beaches in the Indo-West Pacific

and Caribbean.

Remarks. Floresorchestia belongs to a group of Indo-West

Pacific genera which includes Microrchestia Bousfield, 1984,

Platorchestia Bousfield, 1982, Protorchestia Bousfield, 1982,

Sinorchestia Miyamoto & Morino, 1999 and Talorchestia

Dana, 1853. They all share a 5 dentate left lacinia mobilis,

subchelate male gnathopod 2, well developed pleopods and

uropod 1 without marginal robust setae on the outer ramus

(except Sinorchestia nipponensis which has marginal robust

setae on the outer ramus). Within the group Floresorchestia,

Platorchestia, Sinorchestia and Talorchestia have

cuspidactylate pereopods. Only Floresorchestia and

Platorchestia have the reduced button-shaped fourth articles

on the palps of the maxilliped and distal ly attenuated dactyli

on male second gnathopods. Both of these genera have wide

distributions.

Floresorchestia monospina (Stephensen, 1935) and F.

pectenispina (Bousfield, 1970) differ from other species in the

genus in having a long, marginal slender robust seta with a

modified tip on the outer ramus of male uropod 1 (Bousfield

1970). Floresorchestia hanoiensis Hou & Li, 2003, F.

malayensis (Tattersall, 1921), F. samoana (Bousfield, 1971)

and F. vitilevana (J.L. Barnard, 1960) differ from other species

in the genus in not having stridulating organs on epimera 2 and

3. In other respects these species appear to be Floresorchestia

and F. hanoiensis has pitting on the face of epimera 1 and 2.

Floresorchestia pickeringi (Dana, 1853) needs to be

redescribed to confirm its status in the genus.

Floresorchestia ancheidos (K.H. Barnard, 1916), F.

anomala (Chevreux, 1901) and F. floresiana (Weber, 1892),

type species of the genus, are all poorly described species and

F. anomala and F. floresiana are the source of questionable

synonymies from wide-ranging localities. These species also

need to be redescribed based on new material from the type

localities using modern characters as outlined by Miyamoto &

Morino (2008) before realistic distributions for species in the

genus can be determined.

Floresorchestia poorei sp. nov.

(Figures 1-7)

Material examined. Holotype: Indian Ocean, Cocos (Keeling) Islands,

West Island, Rumah Baru, (12°09'22"S 96°49'41"E), beach wrack, J.K.

Lowry and K.B. Attwood, 8 Oct 2008, (stn MI WA 819), AM P80192

(ovigerous female, 9.2 mm).

Paratypes: type locality, AM P80193 (male, 11.7 mm); AMP80194

(many specimens); AM P80532 (female); AM P80543 (female); AM

P80544 (male); AM P80549 (male).

Other material: Indian Ocean, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, West

Island, Government House Beach, (12°05'04"S 96°52'54"E), sand

beach, J.K. Lowry, L.E. Hughes and K.B. Attwood, 7 Oct 2008, (stn

MI WA 780), AM P.80545 (many specimens). Indian Ocean, Cocos

(Keeling) Islands, West Island, beach near “Two Trees dive site”,

(12°05’04"S 96°52'54"E), J.K. Lowry, L.E. Hughes and K.B. Attwood,

7 Oct 2008, (stn MI WA 779), AM P.80547 (6 males, 7 females).

Type locality. Rumah Baru, West Island, Cocos (Keeling)

Islands, Indian Ocean (12°09'22"S 96°49'41"E).

Etymology. Named for our good friend Gary Poore in thanks

for his help over the years and in recognition of his immense

contribution to the field of carcinology.

Description. Based on holotype, ovigerous female, AM

P80192.

Head. Eye large (greater than 1/3 head length). Antenna 1

short, rarely longer than article 4 of antenna 2 peduncle.

Antenna 2 up to half body length; peduncular articles narrow;

article 5 longer than article 4. Mandible left lacinia mobilis

5-dentate. Maxilliped palp article 2 distomedial lobe well

developed, 4 reduced, button-shaped.

Pereon. Gnathopod 1 sexually dimorphic; parachelate;

coxa 1 smaller than coxa 2; posterior margin of merus, carpus

and propodus each without lobe covered in palmate setae, in

male only; propodus subrectangular, propodus posterior

margin with 3 cuspidate setae along posterior margin, propodus

posterior margin with 3 serrate setae along posterior margin;

palm acute, palm with 4 serrate setae; dactylus longer than

palm. Gnathopod 2 sexually dimorphic; mitten-shaped; coxal

gill simple or slightly lobate; basis anterior margin smooth,

basis expanded proximally; ischium without posterodistal lobe

on medial surface; posterior margin of merus, carpus and

propodus each with lobe covered in palmate setae; carpus well

developed (not enclosed by merus and propodus), posterior

lobe present, projecting between merus and propodus; palm

obtuse, smooth, not lined with robust setae, palm without

patch of tiny denticles at corner of palm; dactylus subequal in

length to palm, not attenuated distally; gill simple, not incised.

Pereopods 2-4 coxae wider than deep. Pereopods 3-7

cuspidactylate. Pereopod 4 subequal or slightly shorter than

pereopod 3; carpus significantly shorter than carpus of

pereopod 3; dactylus thickened proximally with a notch

midway along the posterior margin. Pereopod 5 propodus

distinctly longer than carpus. Pereopods 6-7 longer than

pereopods 3-5. Pereopod 6 not sexually dimorphic; slightly

shorter than pereopod 7; posterior lobe inner view

posteroventral corner rounded, posterior margin perpendicular

to ventral margin, posterior lobe with ridge, posterior lobe

with 1-2 marginal setae. Pereopod 7 not sexually dimorphic;

basis lateral sulcus absent, basis posterior margin with distinct

minute serrations, each with a small seta, posterodistal lobe

present, shallow, broadly rounded; distal articles (merus and

carpus) slender; merus posterior margin evenly rounded;

propodus setation without large distal tuft of setae. Oostegites

long (length greater than 2 x width), longer than wide, weakly

setose (6-11 setae), setae with spatulate tips.

Pleon. Pleopods all well developed. Pleopod 1 peduncle

with marginal slender setae; biramous, outer ramus shorter

than peduncle, inner ramus subequal in length to outer; inner

ramus with 9 articles; outer ramus with 6 articles. Pleopod 2

peduncle with marginal slender setae; biramous, inner ramus

subequal in length to outer, outer ramus shorter than peduncle;

inner ramus with 7 articles. Pleopod 3 peduncle without

marginal setae. Pleopod 3 biramous, inner ramus subequal in

length to outer, outer ramus shorter than peduncle; rami

The genus Floresorchestia (Amphipoda: Talitridae) on Cocos (Keeling) and Christmas Islands

123

Figure 4. Floresorchestia poorei sp. nov., paratype, male, 11.7 mm, AM P80193.

multarticulate; inner ramus with 6 articles; outer ramus with 6

articles. Epimera 2-3 each with a stridulating organ just above

ventral margins. Epimera 2 subequal in length to epimeron 3,

with 27 ridges. Epimera 3 with 17 ridges, posterior margin

smooth, without setae, posteroventral corner with small

subacute tooth, ventral margin without robust setae. Uropod 1

not sexually dimorphic, peduncle with 8 robust setae,

distolateral robust seta small; with simple tip; inner ramus

subequal in length to outer ramus, with 3 marginal robust

setae; outer ramus without marginal robust setae. Uropod 2

not sexually dimorphic; peduncle with 6 robust setae; inner

ramus subequal in length to outer ramus, with 2 marginal

robust setae; 1 marginal robust setae. Uropod 3 peduncle with

3 robust setae; ramus shorter than peduncle, ramus linear

(narrowing), with 2 marginal robust setae, with 4-5 apical

setae. Telson longer than broad, completely cleft, with 5

marginal and apical robust setae per lobe.

Male (sexually dimorphic characters). Based on male, AM

P80193. Gnathopod 1 subchelate, posterior margin of merus,

carpus and propodus each with lobe covered in palmate setae;

propodus subtriangular with well developed posterodistal lobe,

anterior margin with 3 groups of robust setae, lateral surface

with 2 cuspidate setae, posterolateral surface with 5 serrate

setae, propodus posterior margin without cuspidate or serrate

setae along posterior margin; palm transverse, dactylus

subequal in length to palm. Gnathopod 2 subchelate; basis

slightly expanded; ischium distal triangular posterodistal lobe

on medial surface; posterior margin of merus, carpus and

propodus each without lobe covered in palmate setae; carpus

triangular, reduced (enclosed by merus and propodus), posterior

lobe absent, not projecting between merus and propodus;

propodus subovate; propodus twice as long as wide; palm

acute, lined with robust setae; palm with cuticular patch of tiny

denticles at corner of palm, posteromedial surface of propodus

with groove; dactylus longer than palm, attenuated distally.

Habitat. Living in the supralittoral zone on sheltered beaches

under seaweeds and debris.

Remarks. Floresorchestia poorei is currently the only species

in the genus with a fully cleft telson.

Distribution. North-Eastern Indian Ocean. Cocos (Keeling)

Islands (current study).

Acknowledgements

Thanks to the CAAP team, Kate Attwood, Lauren Hughes and

Michael Stuckey for helping to collect the beach-hoppers; to

Tania Laity, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage

and the Arts (DEWHA) for funding the field work; to Sue

Lindsey for the SEM micrographs; to Anders Garm and Les

Watling for advice on setal types; to Alan Myers, as always,

for his insightful comments; and to Jo Taylor for inviting us to

contribute to this book celebrating 30 years of scholarly

research by Gary Poore.

124

J.K. Lowry & R.T. Springthorpe

Figure 5. Floresorchestia poorei sp. nov., holotype, ovigerous female, 9.2 mm, AM P80192. Scale bars: H, Epl-3 represent 0.5 mm, remainder

represent 0.2 mm.

The genus Floresorchestia (Amphipoda: Talitridae) on Cocos (Keeling) and Christmas Islands

125

Figure 6. Floresorchestia poorei sp. nov., holotype, ovigerous female, 9.2 mm, AM P80192, paratype, male, 11.7 mm, AM P80193. Scale bars

represent 0.5 mm.

126

J.K. Lowry & R.T. Springthorpe

Figure 7. Floresorchestia poorei sp. nov., holotype, ovigerous female, 9.2 mm, AM P80192. Scale bars: P5-7 represent 0.5 mm, remainder

represent 0.2 mm.

The genus Floresorchestia (Amphipoda: Talitridae) on Cocos (Keeling) and Christmas Islands

127

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(Crustacea, Amphipoda) from Taiwan, I. The genera Talorchestia

and Sinorchestia n. gen.. Publications of the Seto Marine

Biological Laboratory, 38: 169-200.

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Talitridae (Amphipoda) From Taiwan, III. The Genus

Floresorchestia Bousfield, 1984. Crustaceana, 81(7): 837-860.

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amphipod setae, and a proposed classification of setal types.

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des corps organises, Palerme, 224 p.

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Talitroidea) of southern and Western Australia, with comments on

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Museum, 60: 161-206.

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Watling, L. (1989) A classification system for crustacean setae based

on the homology concept. In: Felgenhauer B, Watling L, Thistle

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Crustacea. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, 15-26.

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Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 129-145 (2009)

ISSN 1447-2546 (Print) 1447-2554 (On-line)

http://museumvictoria.com.au/About/Books-and-Journals/Journals/Memoirs-of-Museum-Victoria

Epikopais gen. nov. (Isopoda: Asellota: Munnopsidae), a new genus of munnopsid

isopod with three new species from the south-western Pacific.

Kelly L. Merrin

Marine Biodiversity and Systematics, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Private Bag 14-901, Kilbirnie,

Wellington, New Zealand; and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch,

New Zealand.

Present address: 9 Haering Rd, Boronia, 3155, Victoria, Australia (kellymerrin@hotmail.com).

Abstract Merrin, K.L. 2009. Epikopais gen. nov. (Isopoda: Asellota: Munnopsidae), a new genus of munnopsid isopod with three

new species from the south-western Pacific. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 129-145.

A new munnopsid isopod genus from the southern hemisphere, Epikopais gen. nov. is described here and includes

Epikopais aries (Vanhoffen, 1914) comb. nov. from Antarctica and three new species described here from the south-west

Pacific: Epikopais mystax sp. nov. from the Bounty Trough east of the South Island of New Zealand; and Epikopais poorei

sp. nov. and Epikopais waringa sp. nov., both from the south-eastern Australian continental slope. Epikopais gen. nov. can

be distinguished by the combination of the short laterally rounded cephalic frons; the absence of dorsal spines; the lack of

a mandibular palp; the mandibular fossa, which curves along the lateral margin of the mandible; and the biramous

uropods.

Keywords Crustacea, Isopoda, Munnopsidae, Epikopais, deep-sea, Australia, New Zealand.

Introduction

The earliest species from the isopod family Munnopsidae

Lilljeborg, 1864 to be described from the south-west Pacific

were Vanhoeffenura novaezelandiae (Beddard, 1885) and

Munnopsis gracilis Beddard, 1885 which were both collected

from off New Zealand during the round-the world voyage of

the HMS Challenger in the early 1870’s. Despite these early

beginnings, few species of south-west Pacific Munnopsidae

have since been described with the most being from the

subfamily Ilyarachninae Hansen, 1916 (see Merrin 2004,

Merrin 2006, Merrin and Bruce 2006, Merrin et al. 2009).

Epikopais gen. nov. is the seventh genus to be described

from the subfamily Ilyarachninae and the second to be known

exclusively from the southern hemisphere. The first, Notopais

Hodgson, 1910, has been recorded from only waters around

Antarctica, south-eastern Australia and New Zealand (Merrin

2004, Merrin and Bruce 2006). Two of the new species

described in this paper, Epikopais waringa sp. nov. and

Epikopais poorei sp. nov. were collected during Museum

Victoria’s SLOPE expeditions of south-eastern Australia

between 1979 and 1988. These expeditions yielded a high

diversity of isopod species (Poore et al. 1994) and many new

species have been described in recent years (for example see

Brandt 1994, Cohen & Poore 1994, Just 2001a, 2001b, 2009,

Merrin and Poore 2003, Brix 2006). Epikopais mystax sp. nov.

was collected from the Bounty Trough east of New Zealand.

The type material used in the preparation of the illustrations

and descriptions are indicated in the figure captions. Specimens

were drawn using a Nikon Optiphot-2 compound microscope

and a Zeiss Stemi SV 11 dissecting microscope, both fitted

with a camera lucida. Species descriptions were prepared

using DELTA (Dallwitz et al. 1999). Ratios were calculated

using the maximum lengths and widths of segments unless

otherwise mentioned in the text. With antennal articles the

most basal article is referred to as article 1, the next article as

article 2 and so on. Directional information concerning

pereopods follows Brusca et al. (1995).

Abbreviations

SS simple seta/e; RS robust seta/e; NIWA National Institute

for Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington New

Zealand; NMV Museum Victoria, Melbourne Australia.

Taxonomy

Family Munnopsidae Lilljeborg, 1864

Subfamily Ilyarachninae Hansen, 1916

Epikopais gen. nov.

Type species. Epikopais poorei sp. nov., here designated.

130

K.L. Merrin

Diagnosis. Cephalic frons short, laterally rounded; cephalon

anterior flanges present; pereonites 1-4 margins with simple

setae, dorsal spines absent; pereonites 5-7 lateral margins

without elongate spines or jagged edges. Pleon without dorsal

and anterolateral spines. Antennae positioned closely together,

centrally; antenna 1 article 1 with one distal point, lateral flange

absent; antenna 2 article 1 without anterolateral spine. Mandible

incisor rounded, with no defined cusps; spine row either present

or absent; lacinia mobilis and palp both absent; mandibular

fossa curved along lateral margin of mandible; molar smaller

than condyle, narrowing distally. Maxilla 2 middle and lateral

lobes each distally with 4 long pectinate setae. Pereopod 2

ambulatory, not enlarged; pereopods 5 and 6 carpi expanded,

flattened, sub-circular; propodi expanded, flattened, oar-like;

pereopods 5-7 ischia superior margin, carpi and propodi

inferior and superior margins each with row of plumose setae.

Operculum large, with prominent medial keel, lateral margins

setose; pleopod 4 exopod with one plumose seta; pleopod 5

simple lobe. Uropods biramous, with large exopod.

Species included. Epikopais aries (Vanhoffen, 1914) comb,

nov.; Epikopais mystax sp. nov.; Epikopais poorei sp. nov.; and

Epikopais waringa sp. nov.

Remarks. Epikopais gen. nov. can be distinguished by the

combination of: the short laterally rounded cephalic frons; the

absence of dorsal spines; the lack of a mandibular palp; the

mandibular fossa, which curves along the lateral margin of the

mandible; and the biramous uropods with a prominent exopod.

The laterally rounded shape of the cephalic frons is unique

within the Ilyarachninae. In Ilyarachna, Notopais and

Bathybadistes Hessler and Thistle, 1975, the cephalic frons is

wide and almost rectangular in shape, and lack the lateral

roundness found in Epikopais. In Aspidarachna Sars, 1897,

the cephalic frons is very narrow with distance between the

antennae and the labrum the smallest of all the Ilyarachninae.

The shape of the mandibular fossa is also unique in the

Ilyarachninae. The general shape of the mandibular fossa in

this subfamily is angular and does not curve along the lateral

margin of the mandible as it does in Epikopais.

Like Epikopais , Notopais and Echinozone Sars, 1897 also

lack a mandibular palp and have biramous uropods. In addition

to the differences found in the cephalic frons and the mandibular

fossa, Epikopais can be distinguished from Notopais as it lacks

the pronounced spine on the first article of antenna 2, and it can

be distinguished from Echinozone as it lacks dorsal spines.

The only previously described species of this genus,

Epikopais aries , is based on a single specimen collected from

Antarctica and originally place in Aspidarachna, by Vanhoffen

(1914). This species was then moved to Echinozone by Hessler

and Thistle (1975). Comparing the holotype of E. aries with

the other species of Epikopais shows that this species belongs

in Epikopais.

Epikopais is known from Antarctica, south-western Australia

and New Zealand, at depths between 385-1586 metres.

Etymology. Epikopais is derived from the Greek word epikopos,

meaning furnished with oars, in reference to the natatory

pereopods of these animals.

Key to the species of Epikopais

—Body not covered in setae; anterolateral cephalic flanges

large; opercular keel wide, bulbous, not elongate 2

—Body covered in setae; anterolateral cephalic flanges small;

opercular keel elongate, not bulbous

Epikopais poorei sp. nov.

—Frons with elongate setae above labrum 3

—Frons without elongate setae above labrum

Epikopais aries (Vanhoffen, 1914).

—Pereonites 5-7 together much longer than pereonites 1-4;

pereonite 5 anterior margin with few setae; pereonite 7

anteriorly wide; operculum keel, wide, short, triangular

Epikopais waringa sp. nov.

—Pereonites 5-7 together sub-equal with pereonites 1-4;

pereonite 5 anterior margin with many setae; pereonite 7

anteriorly narrowing; operculum keel longer, not triangular

Epikopais mystax sp. nov.

Epikopais poorei sp. nov.

Figures 1-5

Material examined. All off south-eastern Australia. Holotype.

Ovigerous female (2.4 mm), 44 km E of Nowra, NSW, stn SLOPE 56,

34°55.79-56.06'S, 151°08.06-07.86'E, 22 October 1988, WHOI

epibenthic sled, 429-466 m, RV Franklin, muddy coarse shell (NMV

J18844). Paratypes. 22 females, 21 males (1 male, 2.0 mm, dissected)

2 fragments, type locality (NMV J54112), 2 females (2.3 mm,

dissected, 2.0 mm partially dissected), south of Point Hicks, Victoria,

stn SLOPE 33, 38°19.60'S, 149°24.30'E, 23 July 1986, 930 m, WHOI

epibenthic sled, RV Franklin (NMV J18845).

Additional material. 8 females, 7 males, 5 fragments, south of

Point Hicks, Victoria, stn SLOPE 40, 38° 17.70'S, 149°11.30'E, 24 July

1986, WHOI epibenthic sled, 400 m, RV Franklin, coarse sand, gravel,

mud (NMV J18843).

Description. Female. Body length 2.1 times width of pereonite

2; cuticle not highly calcified, setose. Cephalon spines absent;

anterior cephalic flanges small. Pereonites 1-4 anterior margins

with few SS. Pereonite 5 anterior margin smooth; anterolateral

margins of pereonites 4, 6 and 7 with small lobes; pereonite 6

ventrally with no ornamentation; pereonite 7 ventrally with

pair of setae. Pleon length 0.9 times proximal width, with

scattered SS.

Female antenna 1 of 9 articles; article 1 length 1.8 times

width, mesial margin with 1 sensillate RS and 4 SS, surface

with 4 SS, 2 penicillate setae and 1 sensillate RS, lateral

margin with 7 SS, distal margin with 5 SS and 1 penicillate

seta; article 2 length 0.6 times article 1, with 4 sensillate RS

and 1 penicillate seta, distal extension with 2 penicillate setae;

article 3 with 1 SS; article 4 with 2 penicillate setae; article 5

with 1 SS; terminal article with 1 penicillate seta and 2 SS.

Mandible spine row absent, molar distally with 4 serrate

setae; socket-like structure with 1 SS at approximate place of

mandibular palp. Maxilla 1 lateral and mesial margins with

fine SS; lateral lobe width 1.5 times mesial lobe width, distal

margin with few fine SS, 3 RS, 3 dentate RS and 6 pectinate

Epikopais gen. nov. (Isopoda: Asellota: Munnopsidae), a new genus of munnopsid isopod with three new species from the south-

western Pacific.

131

Figure 1. Epikopais poorei gen. nov., sp. nov. a-c, female holotype, 2.4 mm (NMV J18844); d, f, female paratype, 2.3 mm (NMV J18845); e, g,

male paratype, 2.0 mm (NMV J54112): a, lateral view; b, dorsal view; c, cephalon; d, ventral view of pereonite 7; e, right antenna 2; f, left antenna

1; g, right antenna 1. Scale bar = 1 mm, for dorsal and lateral views only.

132

K.L. Merrin

Figure 2. Epikopais poorei gen. nov., sp. nov. All figures from female paratype, 2.3 mm (NMV J18845): a, left mandible; b, left mandibular

molar; c, right mandible; d, right mandible molar; e, left maxilla 1; f, left maxilla 2; g, right maxilliped palp; h, right maxilliped; i, right

maxilliped endite; j, right pereopod 1.

Epikopais gen. nov. (Isopoda: Asellota: Munnopsidae), a new genus of munnopsid isopod with three new species from the south-

western Pacific.

133

Figure 3. Epikopais poorei gen. nov., sp. nov. a-d, female paratype, 2.3 mm (NMV J18845); e, female paratype, 2 mm (NMV J18845): a, left

pereopod 2; b, left pereopod 5; c, right pereopod 4; d, left pereopod 3; e, operculum.

134

K.L. Merrin

Figure 4. Epikopais poorei gen. nov., sp. nov. a, b, e, female paratype, 2.3 mm (NMV J18845); c, d, male paratype, 2 mm (NMV J54112): a, right

pereopod 6; b, left pereopod 7; c, pleopod 1; d, left pleopod 2; e, left uropod.

Epikopais gen. nov. (Isopoda: Asellota: Munnopsidae), a new genus of munnopsid isopod with three new species from the south-

western Pacific.

135

Figure 5. Epikopais poorei gen. nov., sp. nov. All figures from female paratype, 2.3 mm (NMV J18845): a, right pleopod 3; b, right pleopod 4; c,

right pleopod 5.

RS, mesial lobe distally with many fine SS and 2 long pectinate

setae. Maxilla 2 lateral lobe margins with fine SS; middle lobe

width 1.2 times lateral lobe width; mesial lobe width 2.2 times

lateral lobe width, margins with fine SS, proximally mesial

margin also with 8 elongate setae (unable to tell what type),

distally with 3 blunt SS, 4 toothed setae, 1 long pectinate seta

and few fine SS. Maxilliped coxa length 0.9 times width, and

3.2 times basis length; basis length 3.7 times width, with 5 SS,

distolateral margin with 1 SS; endite with 4 coupling hooks, 2

toothed setae, 4 fan setae and few fine SS; palp article 1

distolateral margin with 1 SS, distomesial margin with 1 SS;

article 2 length 3.2 times article 1 length, lateral margin with

cuticular scales and 4 SS, surface with 6 SS, mesial margin

with 2 distally pappose setae and 2 SS; article 3 length 1.6

times article 1 length, lateral margin with 1 SS, mesial margin

with 4 SS and 11 distally pappose setae; article 4 length 0.7

times article 1 length, mesial margin with 4 distally pappose

setae; article 5 length 0.6 times article 1 length, lateral margin

with 1 SS, distally with 2 SS and 2 distally pappose setae;

epipod length 2.0 times width, margins with cuticular scales

and surface with scattered SS.

Pereopod 1 basis length 4.9 times width, lateral surface

with 18 SS, superior margin with 16 SS; ischium length 3.2

times width, inferior margin with 4 SS, lateral surface with 7

SS, superior margin with 4 SS and 1 RS; merus length 0.9

times width, inferior margin with 3 SS and 5 RS, lateral

surface with 1 SS, distosuperior margin with 2 SS; carpus

length 2.1 times width, inferior margin with 5 SS, superior

margin with 4 SS; propodus length 5.4 times width, inferior

margin with 6 SS, lateral surface with 3 SS, superior margin

with 4 SS; dactylus length 3.4 times proximal width,

distosuperior margin with 3 small SS.

Pereopod 2 broken; ischium damaged, inferior margin

with 18 sensillate RS, lateral surface with 5 sensillate RS and

36 SS; merus length 1.7 times width, inferior margin with 10

sensillate RS, lateral surface with 4 SS and 6 sensillate RS,

superior margin with 2 sensillate RS, distosuperior margin

with 2 sensillate RS and 1 SS; carpus length 5.1 times width,

inferior margin with 17 sensillate RS, lateral surface with 10

sensillate RS and 4 SS, superior margin with 19 sensillate RS

and 1 penicillate seta; propodus length 8.0 times width, inferior

margin with 8 sensillate RS, lateral surface with 3 sensillate

RS and 2 SS, distal margin with 7 SS, superior margin with 1

penicillate seta, 8 sensillate RS and 7 SS; dactylus length 4.5

times proximal width, superior margin with 6 SS, inferior

margin with 2 SS and 3 sensillate RS.

Pereopod 3 basis length 1.2 times width, inferior margin

with 2 sensillate RS and 7 SS, lateral surface with 15 SS,

superior margin with 5 penicillate setae and 5 SS; ischium

length 5.2 times width, inferior margin with 8 sensillate RS

and 3 SS, lateral surface with 55 sensillate RS, superior margin

with 14 sensillate RS; merus length 2.6 times width, inferior

margin with 6 sensillate RS, lateral surface with 5 sensillate

RS, distosuperior margin with 3 sensillate RS; carpus length

9.9 times width, inferior margin with 12 sensillate RS, lateral

surface with 11 SS, 1 penicillate seta and 6 sensillate RS,

superior margin with 11 sensillate RS; propodus damaged;

dactylus absent.

136

K.L. Merrin

Pereopod 4 basis length 1.2 times width, inferior margin

with 5 sensillate RS and 2 SS, lateral surface with 6 SS,

superior margin with 3 sensillate RS and 6 SS, distally with 5

penicillate setae; ischium length 4.7 times width, inferior

margin with 1 SS and 8 sensillate RS, lateral surface with 4

sensillate RS, superior margin with 9 sensillate RS, distally

with 11 sensillate RS; merus length 3.8 times width, inferior

margin with 6 sensillate RS, lateral surface with 2 sensillate

RS, superior margin with 7 sensillate RS; carpus length 10.6

times width, inferior margin with 17 sensillate RS and 1 SS,

lateral surface with 1 SS and 13 sensillate RS, superior margin

with 1 penicillate seta, 14 SS and 18 sensillate RS; propodus

length 12.4 times width, inferior margin with 14 sensillate RS,

lateral surface with 5 SS and 6 sensillate RS, superior margin

with 9 SS, 1 penicillate seta and 10 sensillate RS; dactylus

length 5.4 times proximal width, inferior margin with 3

sensillate RS and 4 SS, superior margin with 6 SS.

Pereopod 5 basis length 3.4 times width, inferior margin

with 11 SS, lateral surface with 9 sensillate RS and 27 SS,

superior margin with 5 penicillate setae and 2 SS; ischium

length 2.2 times width, inferior margin with 7 sensillate RS

and 9 SS, lateral surface with 14 SS; merus length 1.2 times

width, inferior margin with 7 SS, distosuperior margin with 1

short plumose setae; carpus 2.4 times as long as wide,

distosuperior margin with 1 SS; propodus length 2.4 times

width, lateral surface with 12 SS, superior margin with 1

sensillate RS and 1 penicillate seta; dactylus length 3.1 times

proximal width, with 4 SS.

Pereopod 6 basis length 4.9 times width, inferior margin

with 8 SS and 4 plumose setae, lateral surface with 4 plumose

setae and 25 SS, superior margin with 1 SS and row of plumose

setae; ischium length 1.9 times width, inferior margin with 8

sensillate RS and 4 SS, lateral surface with 12 SS and 3

sensillate RS; merus length 1.3 times width, inferior margin

with 7 SS, lateral surface with 1 SS; carpus length 1.2 times

width, distosuperior margin with 1 sensillate RS; propodus

length 3.1 times width, distoinferior margin with 2 SS, lateral

surface with 7 SS, distosuperior margin with 1 SS and 1

penicillate seta; dactylus length 3.4 times proximal width,

inferior margin with 1 SS, lateral surface with 1 SS and

superior margin with 2 SS.

Pereopod 7 basis length 6.3 times width, inferior margin

with 8 SS, lateral surface with 6 SS, superior margin with 8

SS; ischium length 2.2 times width, inferior margin with 6 SS;

merus length 1.1 times width, inferior margin with 3 SS,

distosuperior margin with 1 SS and 1 short plumose seta;

carpus length 2.3 times width, distosuperior margin with 1 SS;

propodus length 5.2 times width, distoinferior margin with SS,

lateral surface with 4 short SS, distosuperior margin with 4

SS; dactylus length 3.4 times proximal width, with 4 SS.

Operculum length 2.8 times proximal width, distally with

medial excision and veined lamellar extension, medial keel

with row of RS and SS, surface with scattered SS, margins

anterolaterally with 4 SS, laterally with numerous plumose

setae. Pleopod 3 endopod length 1.5 times width, with 6 long

plumose setae; exopod with 4 long plumose setae and 1 SS.

Pleopod 4 endopod length 1.4 times width. Pleopod 5 length

1.8 times width.

Uropod protopod length 1.7 times width, lateral margin

with 6 SS and 12 plumose setae, distal margin with 4 SS and 3

plumose setae, surface with 13 scattered SS; exopod length 0.2

times protopod length, with 2 SS; endopod length 0.3 times

protopod length, with 2 penicillate setae and 3 SS.

Male. Antenna 1 of 28 articles; article 1 length 1.4 times

width, lateral margin with 1 SS, surface with 1 penicillate

seta, distomesial corner with 3 sensillate RS and 1 penicillate

seta; article 2 length 0.6 times that of article 1, distal margin

with 3 sensillate RS, distal extension with 3 penicillate setae;

article 3 with 1 SS; article 4 with 2 penicillate setae; terminal

article with 2 SS and 1 penicillate seta. Antenna 2 article 1

missing, article 2 damaged, with 2 SS; article 3 with 3 sensillate

RS, scale with 3 RS; article 4 with no ornamentation; article 5

longer than articles 1-4, mesial margin with 12 sensillate RS,

surface with 9 RS, lateral margin with 13 sensillate RS and 1

penicillate seta, distal margin with 1 sensillate RS; article 6

longer than article 5, mesial margin with 11 sensillate RS,

surface with 38 sensillate RS, lateral margin with 15 sensillate

RS; flagellum of 31 articles, each setose.

Pleopod 1 length 4.2 times proximal width, ventral surface

with 37 SS and 8 sensillate RS, distal lobes with 8 SS. Male

pleopod 2 protopod length 2.1 times width, lateral margin

with 2 SS and row of plumose setae, surface with 6 SS, distally

with lamellar extension; exopod elongate and hooked, length

0.1 times protopod length; stylet short, length 0.4 times

protopod length, terminating to a point; sperm duct length 0.3

times stylet length.

Remarks. Epikopais poorei sp. nov. is distinguished from all

other species in this genus by: body dorsally covered with

setae; small anterolateral cephalic flanges; a small seta on the

mandible in the approximate location of the palp; elongate

operculum keel and an elongate uropodal protopod. E. poorei

sp. nov. is further distinguishable fromis. waringa sp. nov. and

E. mystax sp. nov. as this species does not have any elongate

setae on the frons above the labrum and the endopod of pleopod

3 has many more plumose setae than found in the other two

species.

Distribution. South-eastern Australia, from Nowra, NSW to

south of Point Hicks, Victoria, from depths between 400-930 m.

Etymology. For Gary Poore, who was my undergraduate

honours supervisor between 2000-2001 and was the first to

introduce me to asellote isopods.

Epikopais mystax sp. nov.

Figures 6-7

Material examined. All off South Island, New Zealand. Holotype.

Female (3.0 mm). Bounty Trough, stn S151, 45°45.8'S, 174°30.5'E,

epibenthic sled, 26 September 1979, 1586 m, RV Tangaroa (NIWA

23790). Paratypes. Female (2.7 mm, dissected). Bounty Trough, stn

S153, 45 0 21.1'S, 173°35.8'E, epibenthic sled, 27 September 1979, 1386

m, RV Tangaroa (NIWA 23791). Female (undissected), type locality

(NIWA 23792).

Description. Female. Body length 2.1 times width of pereonite

2; cuticle not highly calcified. Cephalon smooth; anterior

Epikopais gen. nov. (Isopoda: Asellota: Munnopsidae), a new genus of munnopsid isopod with three new species from the south-

western Pacific.

137

Figure 6. Epikopais mystax gen. nov., sp. nov. a-c, female holotype, 3.0 mm (NIWA 23790); d-j, female paratype, 2.7 mm (NIWA 23791): a,

dorsal view; b, lateral view; c, cephalon; d, right antenna 1; e, right antenna 2; f, left mandible; g, left mandibular molar; h, right mandibular

molar; i, right mandible; j, left maxilla 1. Scale bar = 1 mm, for dorsal and lateral views only.

138

K.L. Merrin

Figure 7. Epikopais mystax gen. nov., sp. nov. a-c, e, g, h, female paratype, 2.7 mm (NIWA 23791); d, f, i, female holotype, 3.0 mm (NIWA

23790): a, right maxilla 2; b, right maxilliped; c, right maxilliped palp; d, left pereopod 1; e, left pleopod 3; f, operculum; g, right pleopod 4; h,

left pleopod 5; i, right uropod.

Epikopais gen. nov. (Isopoda: Asellota: Munnopsidae), a new genus of munnopsid isopod with three new species from the south-

western Pacific.

139

cephalic flanges flap-like. Frons with long SS. Pereonites 1-5

anterior margins with SS; anterolateral margins of pereonites

3^4 with anteriorly facing lobes. Pereonite 6 and 7 ventrally

without ornamentation. Pleon length 0.7 times proximal width.

Antenna 1 article 1 length 2.1 times width, distal end with

narrow extension, surface with 2 penicillate setae and 1 SS,

distal margin with 5 sensillate RS and 1 penicillate seta; article

2 length 0.4 times article 1 length, distally with 4 sensillate

RS; article 4 with 1 penicillate seta. Antenna 2 article 1 lateral

margin with 1 sensillate RS; article 2 length equals article 1

length, distolateral margin with 3 sensillate RS; article 3 length

1.4 times article 1 length, with 4 sensillate RS, scale with 1 SS;

article 4 length 1.3 times article 1 length, with 1 SS.

Mandible spine row present, with 3 short spines; molar

distally with 2 serrate setae; right molar with distal denticle.

Maxilla 1 lateral and mesial margins with fine SS; lateral lobe

width 1.5 times mesial lobe width, distal margin with few fine

SS, 3 RS, 4 dentate RS, 4 pectinate RS, and 1 bi-serrate RS,

mesial lobe distally with many fine SS and 2 long pectinate

setae. Maxilla 2 lateral lobe margins with fine SS; middle lobe

width equals lateral lobe width; mesial lobe width 2.0 times

lateral lobe width, mesial and distal margins with fine SS,

distally also with 6 blunt SS, 3 toothed setae and 1 long

pectinate seta. Maxilliped coxa rectangular, length 1.3 times

width, and 0.3 times basis length, with 2 RS; basis length 3.6

times width, with 4 RS; endite with 3 coupling hooks, 4 toothed

setae, 4 fan setae and few fine SS; palp article 1 with cuticular

scales, distomesial margin with 1 RS; article 2 length 4.4 times

article 1 length, lateral margin with cuticular scales and 1

distal RS, mesial margin with 3 distally pappose setae; article

3 length 2.3 times article 1 length, lateral margin with 1 RS,

mesial margin with 2 SS and 7 distally pappose setae; article 4

length 0.9 times article 1 length, with 2 distally pappose setae;

article 5 length 1.1 times article 1 length, lateral margin with 1

SS distally with 3 distally pappose setae and 1 SS; epipod

length 1.6 times width, margins with cuticular scales.

Pereopod 1 broken; ischium length 4.1 times width, inferior

margin with 1 SS, lateral surface with 2 sensillate RS (on

opposable surface), superior margin with 2 RS; merus length

equals width, inferior margin with 3 SS, distosuperior margin

with 2 SS; carpus length 3.4 times width, inferior margin with 5

SS, superior margin with 1 SS; propodus length 4.3 times width,

inferior margin with 5 SS, superior margin with 2 SS; dactylus

length 3.8 times proximal width, superior margin with 2 SS.

Operculum length 2.1 times proximal width, distally with

medial excision and veined lamellar extension, medial keel

with row of short, plumose setae, proximally with 7 SS, distal

surface with few scattered SS, lateral margins with numerous

plumose setae, extending proximally towards keel. Pleopod 3

endopod length 1.4 times width, with 3 long plumose setae;

exopod with 4 long plumose setae and 1 SS. Pleopod 4 endopod

length 1.2 times width. Pleopod 5 length equals width.

Uropod protopod length 1.3 times width, margins with

cuticular scales, lateral margin with 2 plumose setae, distal

margin with 4 SS and 2 plumose setae; exopod 0.4 times

protopod length, with 2 SS; endopod 0.6 times protopod

length, with 5 penicillate setae and 2 SS.

Males are not known from this species.

Remarks. Epikopais mystax sp. nov. is distinguished from the

other species of Epikopais by: the length of pereonites 1^4 being

more elongate when compared to the natasome than seen in the

other species of this genus; a row of simple setae along anterior

margin of pereonite 5; and the frons with numerous long setae.

E. mystax sp. nov. is most similar to Epikopais waringa sp. nov.,

but differs on several features. E. mystax sp. nov. has many more

elongate setae on the frons and the body is much narrower than

in E. waringa sp. nov. Pereonites 1^4 are more elongate in

comparison to pereonites 5-7 in E. mystax, while in E. waringa

sp. nov. pereonites 1^4 are shorter in comparison to pereonites

5-7. The operculum keel of E. mystax sp. nov. is more elongate

and less triangular than in E. waringa sp. nov.

Distribution. Bounty Trough, South Island, New Zealand,

between 1386-1586 metres.

Etymology. Mystax is Greek, meaning hair on the upper lip, in

reference to the many long setae present on the frons.

Epikopais waringa sp. nov.

Figures 8-11

Material examined. All material from south-eastern Australia.

Holotype. Female (2.0 mm), off Freycinet Peninsula, Tas., stn SLOPE

47, 41°58.60'S, 148°38.80'E, 27 July 1986, WHOI epibenthic sled, 500

m, RV Franklin, coarse shell (NMV J18860). Paratypes. 1 female (2.0

mm), type locality, (NMV J54113). 1 male (1.5 mm, dissected), south

of Point Hicks, Vic., stn SLOPE 34, 38°16.40'S, 149°27.60'E, 23 July

1986, WHOI epibenthic sled, 800 m RV Franklin, (NMV J18859).

Additional material. 1 female, south of Point Hicks, Vic., stn

SLOPE 32, 38°21.90'S, 149°20.0'E, 23 July 1986, WHOI epibenthic

sled, 1000 m RV Franklin (NMV J18858).

Description. Female. Body length 1.6 times pereonite 2; cuticle

not highly calcified, smooth. Cephalon anterior margins with

few scattered setae; anterior cephalic flanges flap-like.

Pereonites 1-4 anterior margins with SS, pereonite 5 anterior

margin smooth; anterolateral margins of pereonites 3 and 4

with small lobes; pereonites 6 and 7 ventrally with no

ornamentation. Pleon length 0.7 times proximal width, with

scattered SS.

Antenna 1 of 8 articles; article 1 with distal extension,

length 1.8 times width, distal margin with 1 RS, 2 SS and 1

penicillate seta, distal extension with 1 penicillate seta; article

2 length 0.5 times article 1 length, distal margin with 2

penicillate setae; article 4 with 2 penicillate setae; terminal

article with 1 SS and 1 aesthetasc.

Operculum length 4.1 times proximal width, medial keel

wide, flat, rounded, with few plumose setae and laterally with

many fine SS, distal surface with 1 plumose seta and few

scattered SS, distally with medial excision, margins

anterolaterally with 5 sub-marginal SS (2+3), laterally with

numerous plumose setae.

Male. Antenna 1 of 31 articles; article 1 length 1.6 times

width, distal margin with 3 sensillate RS, 1 penicillate seta

and 1 SS, distal extension with 1 sensillate RS; article 2 length

0.5 times article 1 length, distal margin with 2 penicillate

setae; article 3 with 1 SS; article 4 with 2 penicillate setae;

article 7 with 1 SS; terminal article with 1 SS and 1 aesthetasc.

140

K.L. Merrin

Figure 8. Epikopais waringa gen. nov., sp. nov. a-e, female holotype, 2.0 mm (NMV J18860); f, female paratype, 2.0 mm (NMV J54113); g, h,

male paratype, 1.5 mm (NMV J18859): a, dorsal view, natasome curled under; b, dorsal view, natasome flat; c, cephalon; d, lateral view; e, dorsal

view of pleon; f, left antenna 1; g, right antenna 2; h, left antenna 1. Scale bar = 1 mm, for dorsal and lateral views only.

Epikopais gen. nov. (Isopoda: Asellota: Munnopsidae), a new genus of munnopsid isopod with three new species from the south-

western Pacific. 141

Figure 9. Epikopais waringa gen. nov., sp. nov. a-i, male paratype 1.5 mm (NMV J18859); j, female paratype, 2 mm (NMV J54113): a, right

mandible; b, right mandibular molar; c, left mandible; d, left mandibular molar; e, left maxilla 1; f, right maxilla 2; g, right maxilliped endite; h,

right maxilliped; i, left pereopod 1; j, operculum.

142

K.L. Merrin

Figure 10. Epikopais waringa gen. nov., sp. nov. All figures from male paratype, 1.5 mm (NMV J18859): a, right pereopod 5; b, left pereopod 6;

c, right pereopod 7; d, left pleopod 3; e, right pleopod 4; f, left pleopod 5.

Epikopais gen. nov. (Isopoda: Asellota: Munnopsidae), a new genus of munnopsid isopod with three new species from the south-

western Pacific.

143

Figure 11. Epikopais waringa gen. nov., sp. nov. All figures from male paratype, 1.5 mm (NMV J18859): a, male pleopod 1; b, left pleopod 2; c,

left pleopod 2 stylet; d, left uropod; e, endopod and exopod of left uropod.

Antenna 2 damaged; article 1 lateral margin with 1 RS, surface

with 2 SS; article 2 length 1.3 times article 1 length, distolateral

margin with 2 RS distally with 2 SS; article 3 length 1.4 times

article 1 length with 2 sensillate RS and 3 RS along distal rim,

scale with 1 RS; article 4 length 1.7 times article 1 length, with

no ornamentation.

Mandible spine row present, with 3 short spines; molar

distally with 2 serrate setae. Maxilla 1 lateral and mesial

margins with fine SS; lateral lobe width 1.5 times mesial lobe

width, distal margin with few fine SS, 10 RS and 2 dentate RS,

mesial lobe distally with 3 SS, few fine SS and 2 long pectinate

setae. Maxilla 2 lateral lobe margins with fine SS; middle lobe

as wide as lateral lobe; mesial lobe width 1.7 times lateral lobe

width, mesial and distal margins with fine SS, distally with 7

setae (unable to identify type) and 1 long pectinate seta.

Maxilliped coxa length 1.7 times width, and length 0.5 times

basis length; basis length 4.2 times width, with 1 SS; endite

with 2 coupling hooks, 2 toothed setae, 4 fan setae and few fine

SS; palp article 1 distomesial margin with 1 SS; article 2 length

4.2 times article 1 length, lateral margin with cuticular scales

144

K.L. Merrin

and 1 SS, mesial margin with 2 distally pappose setae and 1

SS; article 3 length 1.9 times article 1 length, lateral margin

with 1 SS, mesial margin with 2 SS and 4 distally pappose

setae; article 4 length 0.8 times article 1 length, lateral margin

with 1 SS and 2 distally pappose setae; article 5 length 0.6

times article 1 length, with 2 SS and 2 distally pappose setae;

epipod length 1.6 times width, margins with cuticular scales.

Pereopod 1 basis length 4.6 times width, inferior margin

with cuticular scales, and 3 SS, superior margin with 2 SS and

1 penicillate seta; ischium length 3.5 times width, inferior

margin with 1 SS and cuticular scales, superior margin with 1

SS; merus length 1.3 times width, inferior margin with 3 SS,

lateral surface with 1 SS, distosuperior margin with 2 SS;

carpus length 3.6 times width, inferior margin with 2 SS and

cuticular scales, superior margin with 2 SS; propodus length

4.9 times width, inferior margin with 5 SS (4 distally),

distosuperior margin with 2 SS; dactylus length 2.6 times

proximal width, distosuperior margin with 3 SS.

Pereopod 5 basis length 3.0 times width, inferior margin

with 3 SS, superior margin with 1 sensillate RS, 2 penicillate

setae and 1 SS; ischium length 1.8 times width, inferior margin

with 2 SS, superior margin with 1 SS; merus length 1.3 times

width, inferior margin with 4 SS, distosuperior margin with 1

SS and 1 plumose seta; carpus length 1.3 times width, lateral

surface with 1 SS; propodus length 2.5 times width, lateral

surface with 2 SS, distosuperior margin with 1 sensillate RS

and 1 penicillate seta; dactylus length 2.7 times proximal

width, with 4 small SS.

Pereopod 6 basis length 3.7 times width, inferior margin

with 7 SS and 1 penicillate seta; ischium length 1.9 times

width, inferior margin with 3 SS; merus length 1.4 times

width, inferior margin with 3 SS, distosuperior margin with 1

SS and 1 plumose seta; carpus length 1.1 times width; propodus

length 2.9 times width, distally with 1 SS, superior margin

with 2 RS and 1 penicillate seta; dactylus length 3.1 times

proximal width, with 4 small distal SS.

Pereopod 7 basis missing; ischium length 2.9 times width,

inferior margin with 5 SS; merus length 1.3 times width, inferior

margin with 2 SS, distosuperior margin with 1 plumose setae and

1 SS; carpus length 1.7 times width, distosuperior margin with 1

SS; propodus length 5.2 times width, distosuperior margin with 1

sensillate RS and 1 penicillate seta; dactylus length 7.1 times

proximal width, superior margin with 2 SS; unguis damaged.

Male pleopod 1 length 6.7 times proximal height, central

margin with 8 SS, distally with 7 SS. Male pleopod 2 protopod

length 2.2 times width, lateral margin with row of plumose setae,

surface with 2 SS, distally with lamellar extension, mesial margin

with 3 SS; exopod length 0.2 times protopod length with fine SS;

stylet long, hooked up into protopod, length 2.5 times protopod

length; sperm duct length 0.8 times stylet length. Pleopod

endopod length 1.5 times width, with 3 long plumose setae;

exopod with 4 long plumose setae and 1 SS. Pleopod 4 endopod

length 1.3 times width. Pleopod 5 length 1.5 times width.

Uropod protopod length 1.3 times width, lateral margin with

3 plumose setae, distal margin with 1 plumose setae and 6 robust

SS, mesial margin with 1 plumose seta, surface with 3 SS; exopod

length 0.5 times protopod length, with 2 SS; endopod length 0.7

times protopod length, with 4 SS and 1 penicillate seta.

Remarks. Epikopais waringa sp. nov. is defined by: the wide

body, which is about 0.7 times as wide as long; anterior margins

of pereonites 1-4 with few simple setae; and the triangular

operculum keel. For further discussion refer to the comments

for E. mystax sp. nov.

Distribution. South-eastern Australia, from Point Hicks,

Victoria to Freycinet Peninsula, Tasmania, between 500 and

1000 metres.

Etymology. Waringa is an Aboriginal word meaning sea; noun

in apposition.

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank: University of Canterbury for providing

a funding through a PhD scholarship and NIWA for provision

of facilities to undertake this research; Oliver Coleman

(Museum fur Naturkunde, Humboldt-Universitat, Berlin) for

the loan of material; Jo Taylor (NMV) for the loan of material

and provision of facilities which enabled this manuscript to be

written; and Niel Bruce (Museum of Tropical Queensland)

and the anonymous reviewers for their useful suggestions

which improved this manuscript.

References

Beddard, F.E. 1885. Preliminary notice of the Isopoda collected

during the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger. Part II. Proceedings of

the Zoological Society of London 1886: 916-925.

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Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 147-173 (2009)

ISSN 1447-2546 (Print) 1447-2554 (On-line)

http://museumvictoria.com.au/About/Books-and-Journals/Journals/Memoirs-of-Museum-Victoria

New species of Brucerolis (Crustacea: IsopodrfS’ erolidae) from seas around New

X ealand and Australia

Melissa J. Storey 1 ’ 2 and Gary C.B. Poore 1

Abstract

Keywords

1 Museum Victoria, GPO Box 666E, Melbourne, Vic. 3001, Australia (gpoore@museum.vic.gov.au)

2 Zoology Department, The University of Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia (present address: CSIRO Publishing,

Collingwood, Vic. 3066, Australia) (melissa.storey@csiro.au)

Storey, M. J., and Poore, G.C.B. 2009. New species of Brucerolis (Crustacea: Isopoda: Serolidae) from seas around New

Zealand and Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 147-173.

Five new species of Brucerolis Poore and Storey, 2009 are described, four from deep waters off New Zealand and

one from south-eastern Australia. This doubles the number of species in the genus. Seven species are now known from the

Tasman Sea and eastern New Zealand, and three from within or close to the Southern Ocean. A key to all species is

presented.

Crustacea, Isopoda, Serolidae, Brucerolis, taxonomy. New Zealand, Australia, new species

Introduction

Poore and Storey (2009) erected the genus Brucerolis to

distinguish a group of five species of serolid isopods that had

previously been confused with Acutiserolis Brandt, 1988 by

isopod workers who adopted Brandt’s (1988 and 1991) revision

(e.g., Wagele, 1994; Poore and Brandt, 1997; Held, 2000).

Brucerolis differs from Acutiserolis in having the coxal dorsal

plates 2-6 interacting only by means of key-like lobes, coxal

plate 6 exceeding the pleotelson by at least the pleotelson

length, middorsal spines being absent or obscure, and the

pleotelson lacking ridges and keels. The type species,

Brucerolis nowra Poore and Storey, 2009 is from the

continental margin of eastern Australia but is not the only

species there. Here, another is described along with four more

from seas around New Zealand where they have been collected

in their hundreds.

One of the species included by Poore and Storey in

Brucerolis was Serolis bromleyana Willemoes-Suhm, 1876.

Hurley (1957) identified deepwater isopods collected from

Cook Strait and off the eastern coast of New Zealand as Serolis

bromleyana. Later, Hurley (1961a) reported the same species

from the Tasman Sea, but the specimen illustrated in his plate 1

(p. 226) differed from Antarctic specimens described by

Beddard (1884a). Hurley (1961b) summarised these findings in

a checklist and key to New Zealand isopods. In a subsequent

correspondence with one of us (letter to GCBP, 16 May 1984),

Hurley discussed three forms that he could clearly distinguish

by depth distribution and colour. The three are described as new

species here. Surveys of the epibenthic macrofauna on the

Chatham Rise, New Zealand, indicated three communities, the

shallowest of which at 237-602 metres and predominantly

sandy sediments is characterised by crustaceans, including

“ Serolis bromleyana ” (McKnight and Probert, 1997). Hurley

was not the first author to have commented on the morphological

variability of specimens similar to Serolis bromleyana. Beddard

(1884a: pi. 4 figs 3, 6) illustrated a male from New Zealand

that, he noted, differed from syntypes of S. bromleyana from

the Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean in the shape and

length of coxa 6, acute rather than emarginate epimeron apices,

less pronounced marginal and transverse ridges and lack of

anterior spine on pereonite 1 and the presence of fine setae on

the ischium, merus and carpus of the male pereopod 2.

Poore and Brandt (1997) illustrated the mouthparts of the

syntypes of Serolis bromleyana, referred the species to the

genus Acutiserolis and commented on morphological variation

reported in the literature. They stated that material from deep

water off southern Australia and New Zealand contained at

least three undescribed species. They also reported a S.

bromleyana-like specimen collected from the West Scotia

Basin, Southern Ocean with a long, setose palm and proximal

heel of the male pereopod 2 propodus, which they found

clearly different from the short palm and median heel of that

of the male syntype of S. bromleyana. More recently, Held

(2000) mentioned the difficulty in placing material of

“ Acutiserolis bromleyana ” from the Drake Passage owing to

morphological disparity with the description.

148

M.J. Storey & G.C.B. Poore

In this paper, four new species are described from

collections made off New Zealand by the National Institute of

Water and Atmosphere, Wellington, New Zealand (NIWA)

and one from collections from south-eastern Australia made

by Museum Victoria, Melbourne (NMV). Additional material

was available from the South Australian Museum (SAM) and

the US National Museum of Natural History (USNM). A key

is presented for all species of Brucerolis.

Adult male and ovigerous female specimens were dissected

and examined using a Wild M5 dissecting microscope and an

Olympus BX50 and Olympus BH-2 compound microscope and

new species were drawn under Nomarski illumination using a

camera lucida. Illustrations are of male left limbs unless

otherwise noted and are labelled: Al, A2, antenna 1 and 2; MD,

MDp, mandible and palp; MX1, MX2, maxilla 1 and 2; MP,

maxilliped; P1-P7, pereopods 1-7; PL1-PL5, pleopods 1-5;

PS, medial ridge of pleonal stemites; S, pereonal and pleonal

stemites of male; U, uropod. Scale bars are 10 mm and refer to

habitus drawings only. Body length is measured from the anterior

margin of the head to the posterior margin of the pleotelson,

excluding the antennae and coxae. Descriptions are essentially

of holotype males and differences noted for paratype females.

All figures are from the male unless otherwise indicated. Type

material is deposited at NIWA, NMV and SAM.

2 erolidae Dana, 1853

Brucerolis Poore and Storey, 2009

Key to species of Brucerolis Poore ancf torey, 2009

The key does not include the two South Atlantic species, B.

maryannae (Menzies, 1962) or B. macdonnellae (Menzies,

1962), both poorly described but apparently similar to B.

bromleyana.

1. Anterolateral margin of pereonite 1 with acute angle,

dorsally with elongate triangular slope connecting to

transverse ridge

B. bromleyana (Willemoes-Suhm, 1876)

- Anterolateral margin of pereonite 1 rounded, without

acute projection, dorsally with submarginal ridge or

elevated area but not a triangular slope 2

2. Pleonal epimera 2 and 3 with emarginate bifid apices 3

- Pleonal epimera 2 and 3 with acute apices 6

3. Dorsal surface of pereonite 1 without an oblique sinuous

ridge separated from lateral margin by shallow trough

(fig- Id, f) 4

- Dorsal surface of pereonite 1 with an oblique sinuous

ridge separated from lateral margin by shallow trough

(fig. lh) or with a sculptured elevated area (fig. lc) 5

4. Anterolateral margin of head obliquely concave, lateral

angle considerably more produced anteriorly and elevated

than mesial angle; male epimeron 3 well exceeding

posterior margin of telson; uropodal endopod 3.5 times as

long as wide B. nowra Poore and Storey, 2009

- Anterolateral margin of head transversely concave, lateral

angle only slightly more elevated and produced anteriorly

than mesial angle; male epimeron 3 barely reaching

posterior margin of telson; uropodal endopod 3.0 times as

long as wide B. howensis sp. nov.

5. Pleonal epimeron 3 equal to (in female) or exceeding

pleotelson; anterolateral region of pereonite 1 with narrow

sharp submarginal ridge and groove parallel to margin

B. victoriensis sp. nov.

- Pleonal epimeron 3 not exceeding pleotelson; anterolateral

region of pereonite 1 with broad submarginal pocked area

B. cidaris (Poore and Brandt, 1997)

6. Anterolateral margins of head straight- concave, lateral

angle well produced beyond margin of pereonite 1; width

of front (between anterolateral corners) 1.6 times as wide

as maximum span between lateral margins of eyes

B. brandtae sp. nov.

- Anterolateral margins of head convex or straight, lateral

angle not produced beyond margin of pereonite 1; width

of front (between anterolateral corners) less than 1.3 times

as wide as maximum span between lateral margins of

eyes 7

7. Ventral coxal plates 2-4 with transverse ridges on mesial,

anterior and posterior margins outlining a transverse

depression; coxal plates 6 of male parallel, of female

increasingly diverging towards tip; anterolateral corners

of head continuous with anterior margin of pereonite 1

B. osheai sp. nov.

- Ventral coxal plates 2-4 with a prominent tubercle at

anteromesial corner; coxal plates 6 initially diverging

then converging slightly towards tip; anterolateral corners

of head convex but not continuous with anterior margin of

pereonite 1 B. hurleyi sp. nov.

Brucerolis brandtae sp. nov.

Figures la, 2-5

Material examined. Holotype: New Zealand, Bounty Plateau, 48°58'S,

178°02'E, 1060 m, 23 Jan 1965 (NIWA stn F114), NIWA 27415 (adult

male, 35 mm).

Paratypes: New Zealand, Bounty Plateau, 48°07'S, 174°02'E, 1155

m, 21 Jan 1965 (NIWA stn FI 10), NIWA 27413 (adult female, 35 mm),

NIWA 27410 (1 male, 1 juvenile); 49°18.6-17.5'S, 177°54.7-55.5'E,

990 m, 15 Mar 1981 (NIWA stn T48), NIWA 27414 (adult male, 36

mm), NMV J55313 (8 males, 3 females, 8 juveniles); 48°58’S, 178°02’E,

1060 m, 23 Jan 1965 (NIWA stn FI 14), NIWA 2741 1 (1 male, 1 female);

48°32'S, 177°59'E, 1051 m, 27 Jan 1965 (NIWA stn F125), NIWA

27409 (2 males, 2 females, 1 juvenile); 48°30.5-32'S, 178° 1 8-23. 8'E,

915 m, 19 Mar 1979 (NIWA stn 1697), NIWA 27412 (8 males, 8 females,

10 juveniles); 48°50.6'S, 178°41.5'E, 808 m, 17 Mar 1979 (NIWA stn

1689), NIWA 27417 (32 males, 14 females, 22 juveniles).

Other material: numerous specimens from 37 NIWA stations.

Description of male holotype. Body length 35 mm. Body 0.8

times as long as greatest width (at coxae 3). Middorsal line with

short triangular middorsal processes on posterior margin of head,

New species of Brucerolis (Crustacea: Isopoda: Serolidae) from seas around New Zealand and Australia

149

Figure 1. Head and pereonite 1 of species of Brucerolis. a, B. brandtae sp. nov. (NMV J55313). b, B. bromleyana (syntype, BMNH 1889.4.27.20,

negative of drawing by Kate Thompson published by Poore & Brandt, 1997). c, B. cidaris (NMV J27642). d, B. howensis (NMV J55315). e, B.

hurleyi (NMV J55314). f, B. nowra (NMV J19213). g, B. osheai (NMV J55316). h, B. victoriensis (NMV J19201). Scale bar in each case = 10

mm.

pereonites 2^4 and pleonites 1-3, evident in lateral view. Head,

anterolateral margins straight-concave, lateral comers acute and

projecting anteriorly; width between anterolateral comers 1.6

times as wide as maximum span between lateral margins of eyes;

head with paired strongly projecting curving acute processes on

transverse ridge at bases of antennae 1, with prominent paired

tubercles between eyes, with small, blunt median posterior

tubercle, with obscure lobes lateral to median posterior tubercle.

Pereonite 1 , lateral margin gently sinuous, lateral margin upturned

over anterior half, sharply crested, with sinuous low rounded

oblique ridge more or less parallel to margin, separated from it by

a shallow concave trough occupying about one-third of width,

dorsal surface with obsolete oblique-transverse ridge reaching

sinuous ridge. Coxal dorsal plate 2 0.8 times as long as half

pereonal tergite 2 width (following plates increasing in length);

plate 4 1.9 times as long as half pereonal tergite 4 width; plate 6

extending beyond tip of pleotelson by 2.2 times middorsal length

of pleotelson (minimum estimate), the pair diverging and then

converging slightly apically, curving evenly; pleonal epimeron 2

2.2 times length of pleotelson; pleonal epimeron 3 1.2 times

150

M.J. Storey & G.C.B. Poore

Figure 2. Brucerolis brandtae sp. nov. Holotype male (NIWA 27415): dorsal and lateral views, sternites of pereonites 1-7, pleonites 1-3, medial

ridge of pleonites 1-3. Paratype female (NIWA 27413): dorsal and lateral views, medial ridge of pleonites 1-3. Paratype male (NIWA 27414):

uropod. Scale = 10 mm.

New species of Brucerolis (Crustacea: Isopoda: Serolidae) from seas around New Zealand and Australia

151

Figure 3. Brucerolis brandtae sp. nov. Holotype male (NIWA 27415): antenna 1, mandibular incisors, palp, maxillae 1, 2, maxilliped. Paratype

male (NIWA 27414): antenna 2.

length of pleotelson; pleonal epimera 2 and 3 with acute apices.

Ventral coxal plates 2^4 with transverse ridges on mesial, anterior

and posterior margins outlining a transverse depression. Antenna

1 peduncle articles 3+4 2 times as long as article 2 (anterior

margin); flagellum of about 42 articles. Antenna 2 peduncle

article 5 1.4 times as long as article 4; flagellum of 18 articles.

Pereopod 1 propodus 2.2 times as long as greatest width.

Pereopod 2 palm dorsal length 1.8 times greatest width, straight,

sharply angled at free proximal margin, with 20 robust setae in

U-shaped row. Pereopod 7 carpus 5 times as long as greatest

width; propodus 4.5 times as long as greatest width, propodus

tapering from near base, lower margin straight; dactylus curved,

0.45 times as long as propodus. Pleopod 2 endopod with convex

distal margin, sharply tapering to base of appendix masculina;

appendix masculina 3.8 times as long as straight margin of

endopod. Uropodal exopod 0.85 length of endopod.

152

M.J. Storey & G.C.B. Poore

Figure 4. Brucerolis brandtae sp. nov. Holotype male (NIWA 27415): pereopods 1-5. Paratype female (NIWA 27413): pereopod 2.

New species of Brucerolis (Crustacea: Isopoda: Serolidae) from seas around New Zealand and Australia

153

Figure 5. Brucerolis brandtae sp. nov. Holotype male (NIWA 27415): pereopods 6, 7, pleopods 1-5. Paratype male (NIWA 27414): pleopod 2

endopod and appendix masculina.

154

M.J. Storey & G.C.B. Poore

Female. Pereonite 1, lateral margin of female convex

anteriorly, with distinct step-like interruption and straight

posteriorly. Coxal dorsal plate 2 of female 0.8 times as long as

half pereonal tergite 2 width; plate 4 of female 1.4 times as

long as half pereonal tergite 4 width (following plates

increasing in length); plate 6 of female extending beyond tip of

pleotelson by 2 times middorsal length of pleotelson (or more),

the pair diverging over entire length, curving evenly.

Size. Male length: 24-40 mm, female length: 27-35 mm.

Distribution. New Zealand, eastern slope, Chatham Rise,

Bounty Plateau, northern Campbell Plateau, 39°S-51°S,

167°E-179°W, 494-1500 m. One record NE of North Island,

2500 m, and one record W of South Island.

Etymology. Brucerolis brandtae is named for Professor

Angelika Brandt, who studied the phylogeny of serolids and

described new serolid genera and species.

Remarks. The large size of males and females (up to 40 and 35

mm respectively) of Brucerolis brandtae and the wide

anterolateral head lobes with a straight or convex anterior

margin are useful characters for identifying this species. Like

B. hurleyi and B. osheai, the anterior transverse ridge on the

head of B. brandtae has a strongly acute, posteriorly curved

dorsal projection immediately adjacent to the insertion of

antenna 1 on both sides.

Brucerolis bromleyana (Willemoes-Suhm, 1876)

Figure lb

Serolis bromleyana Willemoes-Suhm, 1876: 591. — Beddard,

1884b: 331. - Beddard, 1884a: 53-57, pi. 4 (except figs. 3, 6).

-Sheppard, 1933: 280, 329-330.

Acutiserolis bromleyana. — Brandt, 1988: 17, 21. — Brandt,

1991: 131. - Poore and Brandt, 1997: 153-156, figs. 1-2.

Serolis ( Acutiserolis ) bromleyana. — Wagele, 1994: 53.

Not Serolis bromleyana.— Beddard, 1884a: pi. 4, figs. 3, 6

(identity uncertain). — Hurley, 1957: 13 (identity uncertain). —

Hurley, 1961a: 228-229, pi. 1 (?= B. hurleyi). - Hurley, 1961b: 269,

285 (identity uncertain). — McKnight and Probert, 1997: 508 (identity

uncertain).

Not Acutiserolis bromleyana. — Held, 2000: 167 (identity

uncertain).

Brucerolis bromleyana. — Poore and Storey, 2009: 152-153.

Distribution. The type locality and only confirmed record is at

3612 m depth, from a bottom of diatom ooze, 62°26'S, 95°44'E,

Southern Indian Ocean.

Remarks. Brucerolis bromleyana can be identified by the small

acute projection on the anterolateral margins of pereonite 1, the

emarginate tips of epimera 2 and 3 and the short, concave palm

on the male pereopod 2 propodus. The only other species with

a small acute projection on the anterolateral margins of

pereonite 1 are B. maryannae and B. macdonnellae, both from

the South Atlantic. Brucerolis maryannae can be distinguished

from B. bromleyana by the serrulate anterior margin of the

head and pereonite 1 and by the rounded posterior margin of

the pleotelson (that of B. bromleyana is concave). Brucerolis

macdonnellae also has a rounded posterior margin of the

pleotelson and also differs from B. bromleyana by the acute

tips of epimera 2 and 3.

Poore and Brandt (1997: 15, fig. 3) illustrated a male of

“ Acutiserolis sp.” that shares with these three species an acute

projection on the margin of pereonite 1. It differed in a more

erect submarginal ridge and more elongate propodus on

pereopod 2 and may well represent another similar species of

Brucerolis close to or in the Southern Ocean.

Brucerolis cidaris (Poore and Brandt, 1997)

Figure lc

Acutiserolis cidaris Poore and Brandt, 1997: 157-160, figs. 4-6.

Brucerolis cidaris. — Poore and Storey, 2009: 152-153.

Distribution. Coral Sea, Australia, near Townsville and

Chesterfield Islands, 17 o 12.15'S-2TT5.01'S,

147°10.80'E-157°51.33'E, 891-1491 m.

Remarks. Brucerolis cidaris is diagnosed by its small size,

emarginate tips of epimera 2 and 3 and pock-marked

anterolateral region of pereonite 1. Brucerolis hurleyi and B.

osheai are similar to B. cidaris but both have a covering of long

setules on the lower margin of the male pereopod 2, a dorsal

curved acute process on the anterior margin of the head and

acute tips of epimera 2 and 3.

Brucerolis howensis sp. nov.

Figures Id, 6-9

Material examined. Holotype: Tasman Sea, Lord Howe Rise,

34°59.3'S, 162°11.28'E, 1573 m, 26 Sep 1982 (NIWA stn U198 SEB),

NIWA 27431 (adult male, 29 mm).

Paratypes: collected with holotype, NIWA 27428 (adult female,

27 mm), NIWA 27428 (adult male, 29 mm), NIWA 27427 (2 males, 7

juveniles), NMV J55315 (1 male, 1 female); Tasman Sea, Lord Howe

Rise, 31°34.0'S, 159°26.5'E, 1828-1808 m, 08 May 1979 (NIWA stn

1722), NIWA 27428 (1 male, 1 female).

Other material: Tasman Sea, S of Lord Howe Plateau, 37°00’S,

170°00'E, 2096 m, 18 Apr 1970 (NZ0I stn J39), NIWA (1 female).

Description of male holotype. Body length 29 mm. Body 1.1

times as long as greatest width (at coxae 3). Middorsal line

without midposterior processes, not elevated in lateral view.

Head, anterolateral margins concave, lateral comers acute and

projecting anteriorly; width between anterolateral corners as

wide as maximum span between lateral margins of eyes; head

without paired processes on transverse ridge at bases of

antennae 1, without paired tubercles between eyes, with small,

blunt median posterior tubercle, with obscure lobes lateral to

median posterior tubercle. Pereonite 1 lateral margin gently

sinuous, lateral margin upturned over anterior half, obscurely

duplicated, without submarginal ridge, dorsal surface with

oblique-transverse ridge reaching near margin. Coxal dorsal

plate 2 0.9 times as long as half pereonal tergite 2 width

(following plates increasing in length); plate 4 1.3 times as long

as half pereonal tergite 4 width; plate 6 extending beyond tip of

pleotelson by 2.3 times middorsal length of pleotelson, the pair

diverging over entire length, almost straight except at apex;

pleonal epimeron 2 1.7 times length of pleotelson; pleonal

New species of Brucerolis (Crustacea: Isopoda: Serolidae) from seas around New Zealand and Australia

155

Figure 6. Brucerolis howensis sp. nov. Holotype male (NIWA 27431): dorsal and lateral views, detail of front of head, sternites of pereonites 1-7,

pleonites 1-3, medial ridge of pleonites 1-3, uropod. Paratype female (NIWA 27428): dorsal and lateral views, medial ridge of pleonites 1-3.

Scales = 10 mm.

156

M.J. Storey & G.C.B. Poore

Figure 7. Brucerolis howensis sp. nov. Holotype male (NIWA 27431): antennae 1, 2, mandibular incisors, palp, maxilliped, pereopods 1, 2.

New species of Brucerolis (Crustacea: Isopoda: Serolidae) from seas around New Zealand and Australia

157

Figure 8. Brucerolis howensis sp. nov. Holotype male (NIWA 27431): pereopods 3-7, pleopods 4, 5. Paratype female (NIWA 27428): pereopods

2,7.

Figure 8. Brucerolis howensis sp. nov. Holotype male (NIWA 27431): pereopods 3-7, pleopods 4, 5. Paratype female (NIWA 27428): pereopods

2,7.

epimeron 3 as long as pleotelson; pleonal epimera 2 and 3 with

emarginate apices. Ventral coxal plates 2^4 with transverse

ridges on mesial, anterior and posterior margins outlining a

transverse depression. Antenna 1 peduncle articles 3+4 2 times

as long as article 2 (anterior margin); flagellum of about 43

articles. Antenna 2 peduncle article 5 1.2 times as long as article

4; flagellum of 16 articles. Pereopod 1 propodus 2 times as long

as greatest width. Pereopod 2 palm dorsal length 1.5 times

greatest width, with short heel, straight setose proximal palm,

convex distal palm, with 14 robust setae arranged in oval.

Pereopod 7 carpus 3 times as long as greatest width; propodus

4.2 times as long as greatest width, propodus tapering from

near base, lower margin straight; dactylus curved, 0.5 times as

long as propodus. Pleopod 2 endopod with evenly tapering

distal angle bearing appendix masculina; appendix masculina

3.8 times as long as straight margin of endopod. Uropodal

exopod 0.85 length of endopod.

Female. Pereonite 1, lateral margin of female convex

anteriorly, with distinct step-like interruption and straight

posteriorly. Coxal dorsal plate 2 of female 0.5 times as long as

half pereonal tergite 2 width; plate 4 of female 0.8 times as

long as half pereonal tergite 4 width (following plates

increasing in length); plate 6 of female extending beyond tip of

pleotelson by 1.8 times middorsal length of pleotelson, the pair

diverging over entire length, almost straight except at apex.

Size. Male length: 28-30 mm; female length: 27-30 mm.

Distribution. Tasman Sea, mid-Lord Howe Rise and Lord

Howe Plateau, 3 1°'S-37°'S, 159°E-170°E, 1573-2096 m.

Etymology. This species is named for its distribution on the

Lord Howe Rise.

Remarks. Brucerolis howensis is most similar to B. nowra (Fig.

If), B. victoriensis and B. cidaris, all four with emarginate

epimera apices. Brucerolis howensis can be distinguished by

the combination of the weak projection of the anterolateral

New species of Brucerolis (Crustacea: Isopoda: Serolidae) from seas around New Zealand and Australia

159

lobes of the head, the concave anterior margin and lack of

submarginal sculpture on the dorsal surface of pereonite 1 and

male epimeron 3 barely reaching (female epimeron 3 not

reaching) the posterior margin of the telson.

Brucerolis hurleyi sp. nov.

Figures le, 10-13

Material examined. Holotype: New Zealand, Chatham Rise,

43°29.69'S, 178°59.55'W, 499 m, 08 Sep 1989. (NIWA stn V366 TAM),

NIWA 27424 (adult male, 23 mm).

Paratypes: collected with holotype, NIWA 27423 (adult female,

23 mm), NIWA 27425 (12 males, 17 females, 15 juveniles). New

Zealand, Chatham Rise, 43°30'S, 179°15'E, 410 m, 24 Jan 1968 (NIWA

stn G273), NIWA 27419 (6 males, 5 females, 1 juvenile); 43°31'S,

179°07'E, 413 m, 24 Jan 1968 (NIWA stn G283A), NIWA 27424 (5

males, 4 females, 3 juveniles); 43°58.5’S, 178°40’W, 460 m, 30 Mar

1969 (NIWA stn D904 TAS), NIWA 27420 (5 males, 4 females, 1

juvenile); 44°13.5'S, 177°04.7'W, 403 m, 23 Mar 1978 (NIWA stn

Q33), NIWA 27418 (7 males, 6 females, 1 juvenile); 43°49.62-49.23'S,

176°59.82-59.57'E, 498-497 m, 16 Sep 1989 (NIWA stn V387 TAM),

NMV J55314 (5 males, 16 females, 26 juveniles). Chatham Rise

(Portobello Marine Laboratory Chatham Expedition stn 6), NIWA

27422 (2 males, 5 females, 3 juveniles). W of Chatham Is, 44°00’S,

178°06'E to 44°03'S, 178°09'E, 430 m, USS Eltanin , 29 Nov 1964,

NMV J11625 (donation from USNM 123962) (1 male, 1 female).

Other material: numerous specimens from 82 NIWA stations.

Description of male holotype. Body length 29 mm. Body 0.9

times as long as greatest width (at coxae 3). Middorsal line

without midposterior processes, not elevated in lateral view.

Head, anterolateral margins concave, lateral corners acute and

projecting anteriorly; width between anterolateral corners 1.2

times as wide as maximum span between lateral margins of

eyes; head with paired strongly projecting curving acute

processes on transverse ridge at bases of antennae 1, with

prominent paired tubercles between eyes, with small, blunt

median posterior tubercle, with obscure lobes lateral to median

posterior tubercle. Pereonite 1 lateral margin convex anteriorly,

straight over most of length, lateral margin upturned over

anterior half, sharply crested, with sinuous rounded oblique

ridge more or less parallel to margin, separated from it by a

deep trough occupying about one -third of width, dorsal surface

with obsolete oblique -transverse ridge reaching sinuous ridge.

Coxal dorsal plate 2 1.1 times as long as half pereonal tergite 2

width (following plates increasing in length); plate 4 1.8 times

as long as half pereonal tergite 4 width; plate 6 extending

beyond tip of pleotelson by 2.6 times middorsal length of

pleotelson, the pair diverging over entire length, almost straight

except at apex; pleonal epimeron 2 1.8 times length of

pleotelson; pleonal epimeron 3 1.1 times length of pleotelson;

pleonal epimera 2 and 3 with acute apices. Ventral coxal plates

2-4 with a prominent tubercle at anteromesial corner, without

marginal ridges. Antenna 1 peduncle articles 3+4 1.9 times as

long as article 2 (anterior margin); flagellum of about 41 articles.

Antenna 2 peduncle article 5 1.2 times as long as article 4;

flagellum of 17 articles. Pereopod 1 propodus 2 times as long as

greatest width. Pereopod 2 palm dorsal length 1.3 times greatest

width, with short heel, straight setose proximal palm, convex

distal palm, with 16 robust setae in U-shaped row. Pereopod 7

carpus 3.1 times as long as greatest width; propodus 4 times as

long as greatest width, propodus elongate oval, widest at

midpoint; dactylus curved, 0.4 times as long as propodus.

Pleopod 2 endopod with evenly tapering distal angle bearing

appendix masculina; appendix masculina 4.8 times as long as

straight margin of endopod. Uropodal exopod 0.8 length of

endopod.

Female. Pereonite 1, lateral margin of female as in male.

Coxal dorsal plate 2 of female 0.6 times as long as half pereonal

tergite 2 width; plate 4 of female 1.1 times as long as half

pereonal tergite 4 width (following plates increasing in length);

plate 6 of female extending beyond tip of pleotelson by 2 times

middorsal length of pleotelson, the pair diverging over entire

length, almost straight except at apex.

Size. Adult male and female body length 17-30 mm.

Distribution. New Zealand, western Cook Strait to eastern

slope of New Zealand, Chatham Rise, Bounty Plateau,

Campbell Plateau, 40°'S-53°S, 168°E-176°W, 315-1024 m.

Etymology. Brucerolis hurleyi is named for Dr Desmond E.

Hurley, who first noted morphological variation within what he

called Serolis bromleyana around New Zealand.

Remarks. Brucerolis hurleyi and B. osheai are similar, both with

acute epimera apices, similarly shaped anterior head margin

(although in B. hurleyi, the anterolateral comers of head are not

continuous with anterior margin of pereonite 1), setose lower

margins of the ischium, merus and carpus of male pereopod 2

and setulose carpus and propodus of male pereopod 7. Brucerolis

hurleyi can be recognised by: strongly convex propodus palm of

male pereopod 2; ventral coxal plates with an anteriorly

projecting, circular tubercle on the anterior margin adjacent to

the midline suture; lack of setules on the merus of the male

pereopod 7; and absence of the colour pattern seen in most

individuals of B. osheai. The species is unusual in the possession

on antenna 1 flagellum articles of a row of denticles.

One unusual adult male specimen (NIWA stn D9 DR, SE

Macquarie Island) has an appendix masculina on pleopods 2

and 3 on both sides.

Brucerolis macdonnellae (Menzies, 1962)

Serolis ( Serolis ) macdonnellae Menzies, 1962: 188-189, fig. 66.

Acutiserolis macdonnellae. — Brandt, 1988: 18, 21. — Brandt,

1991: 131.- Poore and Brandt, 1997: 159.

Serolis ( Acutiserolis ) macdonnellae. — Wagele, 1994: 53.

Brucerolis macdonnellae. — Poore and Storey, 2009: 152-153.

Distribution. South Atlantic, western side of South Sandwich

island arc between Visokoi and Lesokov Island, 56°43'S,

27°4l'W, 2741 m (only type known).

Remarks. Pereonite 1 of Brucerolis macdonnellae and B.

bromleyana has an acute projection on the anterolateral margin

and prominent submarginal and transverse ridges on the dorsal

surface. In as far as the description of the damaged material

allows, Brucerolis macdonnellae can be differentiated by the

acute tips of epimera 2 and 3, shorter epimeron 3 and shorter,

more curved coxal dorsal plates.

160

M.J. Storey & G.C.B. Poore

Figure 10. Brucerolis hurleyi sp. nov. Holotype male (NIWA 27424): dorsal and lateral views, sternites of pereonites 1-7, pleonites 1-3, medial

ridge of pleonites 1-3. Paratype female (NIWA 27423): dorsal and lateral views, medial ridge of pleonites 1-3. Scale = 10 mm.

New species of Brucerolis (Crustacea: Isopoda: Serolidae) from seas around New Zealand and Australia

161

Figure 11. Brucerolis hurleyi sp. nov. Holotype male (NIWA 27424): antennae 1, 2 (with detail of antenna 2 flagellar article), mandibular incisors,

palp, maxilla 2, maxilliped. Paratype female (NIWA 27423): dorsal view, uropod. Scale = 10 mm.

162

M.J. Storey & G.C.B. Poore

Figure 12. Brucerolis hurleyi sp. nov. Holotype male (NIWA 27424): pereopods 1-5. Paratype female (NIWA 27423): pereopod 2.

New species of Brucerolis (Crustacea: Isopoda: Serolidae) from seas around New Zealand and Australia

163

Figure 13. Brucerolis hurleyi sp. nov. Holotype male (NIWA 27424): pereopods 6, 7, pleopods 1, 2, 4, 5. Paratype female (NIWA 27423):

pereopod 7.

164

M.J. Storey & G.C.B. Poore

Brucerolis maryannae (Menzies, 1962)

Serolis ( Serolis ) maryannae Menzies, 1962: 189, fig. 68.

Acutiserolis maryannae.— Brandt, 1988: 18, 21. — Brandt, 1991:

131. — Poore and Brandt, 1997: 159.

Serolis {. Acutiserolis ) maryannae. — Wagele, 1994: 53.

Wrucerolis maryannae. — Poore and Storey, 2009: 152-153.

Distribution. South Atlantic, continental rise S of Staten I.,

northwest Scotia Sea, 55°31.2'S, 64°07.5'W, 3839 m (only type

known).

Remarks. Brucerolis maryannae is the only species in the

genus to have a serrulate anterior margin of the head and

pereonite 1. It shares with B. bromleyana the acute projection

on the anterolateral margin of pereonite 1 and emarginate tips

of epimera 2 and 3. These features and the long coxal plates

and epimera suggest a relationship to this species. Menzies’s

(1962) illustration would indicate that the coxal keys and

intervening apertures are absent. It may be possible that the

keys are not visible in dorsal view on such a small female (18.8

mm) or that the drawing is incorrect.

Brucerolis osheai sp. nov.

Figures lg, 14-17

Material examined. Holotype: New Zealand, Challenger Plateau,

49°30.5'S, 167°40'E, 594 m, 16 Jan 1965 (NIWA stn F90), NIWA

27442 (adult male, 21 mm).

Paratypes: collected with holotype, NIWA 27441 (adult female,

21 mm), NIWA 27440 (adult female, 22 mm), NMV J55316 (1 male, 1

female, 1 juvenile), NIWA 27438 (2 males, 1 juvenile). New Zealand,

Challenger Plateau, 48°45’S, 172°00'E, 649 m, 21 Jan 1965 (NIWA stn

F107), NIWA 27437 (9 males, 7 females, 3 juveniles); 52°21'S,

173°09'E, 603 m, 01 Jan 1965 (NIWA stn F1470), NIWA 27432 (3

males, 4 females, 1 juvenile); 51°20'S, 172°42'E, 539 m, 30 Jan 1965

(NIWA stn F136 TAM), NIWA 27436 (2 males); 50°31.5'S, 168°00'E,

433 m, 15 Jan 1965 (NIWA stn F88 TAM), NIWA 27433 (2 males, 2

juveniles); 48°32'S, 168°54.5'E, 695 m, 18 Jan 1965 (NIWA stn F99

TAM), NIWA 27439 (7 males, 2 females, 2 juveniles).

Description of male holotype. Body length 21 mm. Body 0.85

times as long as greatest width (at coxae 3). Middorsal line

without midposterior processes, not elevated in lateral view.

Head, anterolateral margins convex and continuous with

anterior margin of pereonite 1; width between anterolateral

corners 1.2 times as wide as maximum span between lateral

margins of eyes; head with paired strongly projecting curving

acute processes on transverse ridge at bases of antennae 1,

with prominent paired tubercles between eyes, with small,

blunt median posterior tubercle, with obscure lobes lateral to

median posterior tubercle. Pereonite 1 lateral margin convex

anteriorly, straight over most of length, lateral margin upturned

over anterior half, sharply crested, with sinuous broadly

rounded oblique ridge more or less parallel to margin,

separated from it by a shallow concave trough occupying about

one-third of width, dorsal surface with obsolete oblique-

transverse ridge. Coxal dorsal plate 2 as long as half pereonal

tergite 2 width (following plates increasing in length); plate 4

1.8 times as long as half pereonal tergite 4 width; plate 6

extending beyond tip of pleotelson by 2.2 times middorsal

length of pleotelson, the pair parallel, straight distally; pleonal

epimeron 2 1.7 times length of pleotelson; pleonal epimeron 3

as long as pleotelson; pleonal epimera 2 and 3 with acute

apices. Ventral coxal plates 2-4 with transverse ridges on

mesial, anterior and posterior margins outlining a transverse

depression. Antenna 1 peduncle articles 3+4 2 times as long as

article 2 (anterior margin); flagellum of about 50 articles.

Antenna 2 peduncle article 5 1.1 times as long as article 4;

flagellum of 16 articles. Pereopod 1 propodus 1.9 times as long

as greatest width. Pereopod 2 palm dorsal length 1.7 times

greatest width, with short right-angled heel, convex palm, with

13 robust setae in U-shaped row. Pereopod 7 carpus 3 times as

long as greatest width; propodus 3.5 times as long as greatest

width, propodus elongate oval, widest at midpoint; dactylus

curved, 0.4 times as long as propodus. Pleopod 2 endopod

with evenly tapering distal angle bearing appendix masculina;

appendix masculina 6 times as long as straight margin of

endopod. Uropodal exopod 0.9 length of endopod.

Female. Pereonite 1, lateral margin of female as in male.

Coxal dorsal plate 2 of female 0.6 times as long as half pereonal

tergite 2 width; plate 4 of female as long as half pereonal

tergite 4 width (following plates increasing in length); plate 6

of female extending beyond tip of pleotelson by 1.9 times

middorsal length of pleotelson, the pair diverging over entire

length, almost straight except at apex.

Size. Male length: 21-22 mm; female length: 19-22 mm.

Distribution. New Zealand, Campbell Plateau, 48°S-52°S,

168°E-174°E, 347-735 m.

Etymology. For Steve O’Shea, who arranged for the loan of the

material from New Zealand on which much of this work is

based.

Remarks. Brucerolis osheai is similar to B. hurleyi but may be

distinguished by a more pronounced median posterior tubercle

on the head, the anterolateral corners of head continuous with

anterior margin of pereonite 1, a generally smaller body with

characteristic pigment spots on the antennae, head and

pereonites, a setulate lower margin of the male pereopod 7

merus, carpus and propodus and ridged ventral coxae.

Brucerolis victoriensis sp. nov.

Figures lh, 18-21

Material examined. Holotype: Australia, Victoria, 85 km S of Point

Hicks, 38 0 31.41'S, 149°21.10’Eto 38°30.58'S, 149°21.50'E, 1360-1986

m, 26 Oct 1988, G.C.B. Poore et al„ RV Franklin (stn SLOPE 72),

NMV J55376 (adult male, 34 mm).

Paratypes: Australia, Tasmania, 27 nautical miles W of Sandy

Cape, 41°25.39'S, 144°12.66'E to 41°23.40'S, 149°09.01'E, 1165-1180

m, 11 Mar 1989, FRV Soela, SAM C6809 (adult female, 31 mm);

Victoria, S of Point Hicks, 38°25.90'S, 148°58.60'E, 1850 m, 26 Jul

1986 (stn SLOPE 25), NMV J19212 (1 male, 1 female, 1 juvenile);

NSW, 67 km ENE of Nowra, 34°41.97'S, 151°22.44'E, 1642-1896 m,

22 Oct 1988 (stn SLOPE 59), NMV J19208 (1 male, 1 female, 4

juveniles); Victoria, 67 km S of Point Hicks, 38°23.95'S, 149°17.02'E,

1119-1277 m, 25 Oct 1988 (stn SLOPE 67), NMV J19207 (1 male, 28

mm); Victoria, 85 km S of Point Hicks, 38°31.41'S, 149°21.10'E to

38°30.58'S, 149°21.50'E, 1360-1986 m, 26 Oct 1988 (stn SLOPE 72),

NMV J19203 (2 adult males, 30 mm), NIWA 49602 (1 male); Victoria,

New species of Brucerolis (Crustacea: Isopoda: Serolidae) from seas around New Zealand and Australia

165

Figure 14. Brucerolis osheai sp. nov. Holotype male (NIWA 27442): dorsal and lateral views, sternites of pereonites 1-7, pleonites 1-3, medial

ridge of pleonites 1-3, uropod. Paratype female (NIWA 27441): dorsal and lateral views, medial ridge of pleonites 1-3. Scale = 10 mm.

166

M.J. Storey & G.C.B. Poore

Figure 15. Brucerolis osheai sp. nov. Holotype male (NIWA 27442): antennae 1, 2 (with detail of antenna 2 flagellar article), mandibular incisors,

palp, maxillae 1, 2, maxilliped, pereopod 1.

New species of Brucerolis (Crustacea: Isopoda: Serolidae) from seas around New Zealand and Australia

167

Figure 16. Brucerolis osheai sp. nov. Holotype male (NIWA 27442): pereopods 2-5. Paratype female (NIWA 27441): pereopod 2.

168

M.J. Storey & G.C.B. Poore

Figure 17. Brucerolis osheai sp. nov. Holotype male (NIWA 27442): pereopods 6, 7, pleopods 1-5.

New species of Brucerolis (Crustacea: Isopoda: Serolidae) from seas around New Zealand and Australia

169

Figure 18. Brucerolis victoriensis sp. nov. Holotype male (NMV J55376): dorsal view, sternites of pereonites 1-7, pleonites 1-3, medial ridge of

pleonites 1-3, uropod. Paratype female (SAM): dorsal view, medial ridge of pleonites 1-3. Scale = 10 mm.

170

M.J. Storey & G.C.B. Poore

Figure 19. Brucerolis victoriensis sp. nov. Holotype male (NMV J55376): lateral view, antennae 1, 2, mandibular incisors, palp, maxillae 1, 2,

maxilliped. Paratype female (SAM C6809): lateral view. Scale = 10 mm.

New species of Brucerolis (Crustacea: Isopoda: Serolidae) from seas around New Zealand and Australia

171

Figure 20. Brucerolis victoriensis sp. nov. Holotype male (NMV J55376): pereopods 1-3, pleopods 2, 3. Paratype female (SAM C6809): pereopod

172

M.J. Storey & G.C.B. Poore

63 km S of Point Hicks, 38°22.61'S, 149°20.20'E, 1073-1169 m, 25

Oct 1988 (stn SLOPE 68), NMV J19206 (3 males, 32 mm), NIWA

49603 (2 males); Victoria, 76 km S of Point Hicks, 38°29.33'S,

149°19.98'E, 1750-1840 m, 26 Oct 1988 (stn SLOPE 69), NMV J19204

(2 males, 32 mm, 20 juveniles, 6-24 mm); Victoria, S of Point Hicks,

38°30.33'S-38 o 30.88'S, 149°22.98 , E-149°21.63 , E, 19 Apr 2000 (stn

SS01/00/172), NMV J19208 (5 males, 4 juveniles).

Other material: South Australia, Bonney Coast, Bonney Canyon,

37°52.48'S-37°53.39'S, 139°19.75'E-139° 20.60'E), 2010 m, 16 Feb

2008 (stn SS02/2008/PC3), SAM (5 males, 33-38 mm, 3 females,

34-36 mm, 13 juveniles, 19-30 mm).

Description of male holotype. Body length 34 mm ().Body as

long as greatest width (at coxae 3). Middorsal line with small

midposterior processes, barely elevated in lateral view. Head,

anterolateral margins concave, lateral comers acute and

projecting anteriorly (slightly); width between anterolateral

corners as wide as maximum span between lateral margins of

eyes; head without paired processes on transverse ridge at bases

of antennae 1, with obsolete paired tubercles between eyes, with

small, blunt median posterior tubercle, with obscure lobes lateral

to median posterior tubercle. Pereonite 1 lateral margin anteriorly

convex, straight over most of length, lateral margin upturned

over anterior half, sharply crested, with sinuous high rounded

oblique ridge more or less parallel to margin, separated from it

by a shallow trough occupying about one-quarter of width,

dorsal surface with obsolete oblique-transverse ridge reaching

sinuous ridge. Coxal dorsal plate 2 slightly more than half as

long as pereonal tergite 2 width (following plates increasing in

length); plate 4 1.5 times as long as half pereonal tergite 4 width;

plate 6 extending beyond tip of pleotelson by 2. 1 times middorsal

length of pleotelson, the pair diverging and then converging

slightly apically, curving evenly; pleonal epimeron 2 1.9 times

length of pleotelson; pleonal epimeron 3 1.1 times length of

pleotelson; pleonal epimera 2 and 3 with acute apices. Ventral

coxal plates 2^4 with transverse ridges on mesial, anterior and

posterior margins outlining a transverse depression. Antenna 1

peduncle articles 3+4 1.9 times as long as article 2 (anterior

margin); flagellum of about 50 articles. Antenna 2 peduncle

article 5 similar length to article 4; flagellum of 18 articles.

Pereopod 1 propodus 2.2 times as long as greatest width.

Pereopod 2 palm dorsal length 1.9 times greatest width, with

short right-angled heel, convex palm with 15 robust setae

arranged in oval (several shorter than others). Pereopod 7 carpus

4.7 times as long as greatest width; propodus 5.6 times as long

as greatest width, propodus tapering from near base, lower

margin straight; dactylus curved, 0.4 times as long as propodus.

Pleopod 2 endopod with convex distal margin, sharply tapering

to base of appendix masculina. Uropodal exopod 1 length of

endopod.

Female. Pereonite 1, lateral margin of female convex

anteriorly, with distinct step-like interruption and straight

posteriorly. Coxal dorsal plate 2 of female 0.6 times as long as

half pereonal tergite 2 width; plate 4 of female as long as half

pereonal tergite 4 width (following plates increasing in length);

plate 6 of female extending beyond tip of pleotelson by 1.9

times middorsal length of pleotelson, the pair diverging and

then converging slightly apically, curving evenly.

Size. Adult male and female body length: 28-38 mm.

Distribution. Australia, eastern and southern continental slope

of NSW, Vic.,Tas. and eastern SA,34°42'S-41°25'S, 1073-2010

Etymology. For Victoria, the Australian state where most

specimens have been taken.

Remarks. The submarginal anterolateral groove on pereonite 1,

defined by its upturned margin and sharp inner ridge identify

Brucerolis victoriensis. The species shares with the non-New

Zealand species ( B . howensis and B. cidaris) emarginate

epimera and absence of projections on the transverse ridge of

the head.

New species of Brucerolis (Crustacea: Isopoda: Serolidae) from seas around New Zealand and Australia

173

Acknowledgements

We thank Steven O’Shea and Kareen Schnabel of NIWA,

Wellington, New Zealand, Keith Probert from the Portobello

Marine Station, University of Otago, New Zealand, and

Wolfgang Zeidler and Thierry Laperousaz, South Australian

Museum, Adelaide, for the loan of material. We thank Joanne

Taylor for handling, cataloguing and otherwise organising the

bulky loans at Museum Victoria. We especially thank Niel

Bruce, now at Museum of Tropical Queensland, Townsville,

Australia, for critical comments on a first draft of this

manuscript and alerting us to the “ Acutiserolis-Cuspidoserolis

problem”.

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Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 175-187 (2009)

ISSN 1447-2546 (Print) 1447-2554 (On-line)

http://museumvictoria.com.au/About/Books-and-Journals/Journals/Memoirs-of-Museum-Victoria

New records of the shrimp genus Lissosabinea (Caridea: Crangonidae) from

Australia including descriptions of three new species and a key to world species.

Joanne Taylor & David J Collins

Museum Victoria, GPO Box 666, Melbourne, Vic. 3001, Australia (jtaylor@museum.vic.gov.au & dcollins@museum.vic.

gov.au)

Abstract Taylor, J. & Collins, D.J. 2009. New records of the shrimp genus Lissosabinea (Caridea: Crangonidae) from Australia

including descriptions of three new species and a key to world species. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 175-187.

Five species of Lissosabinea (Crustacea: Caridea: Crangonidae) are reported from Australia: three species are new

to science, L. arthuri sp. nov. from 260-265 metres off Victoria, L. beresfordi. sp. nov. from 370—410 metres off Tasmania

and L. lynseyae sp. nov. from 414-421 metres off Western Australia. Two species are new records for Australian waters,

L. ecarina Komai, 2006 from 110 metres and L. indica (De Man, 1918) from 1 1 0—45 1 metres off the continental shelf of

north-western Western Australia. These records expand the number of Lissosabinea species previously recorded world

wide from five to eight. A revised key and illustrated guide to the world species is provided.

Keywords Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea, Crangonidae, Lissosabinea, new species, key. Western Australia, Victoria, Tasmania,

Australia, taxonomy.

Introduction

The crangonid shrimp genus Lissosabinea Christoffersen, 1988

inhabit soft bottom sediments of upper bathyl zones at depths

between 146-830 m. The five species described worldwide are

rare, reported from limited geographic locations that are often

confined to or near their type localities: L. armata Komai, 2006

from New Caledonia (Komai, 2006), L. ecarina Komai, 2006

from the Philippines and Indonesia (Komai, 2006), L. indica (De

Man, 1918) from the western Pacific, Japan, Indonesia, Coral Sea

and New Caledonia (De Man, 1918, De Man, 1920; Chace, 1984;

Takeda & Hanamura, 1994; Kim & Natsukari, 2000; Komai,

2006), L. tridentata (Peqeugnat, 1970) from the Gulf of Mexico

(Peqeugnat, 1970; Dardeau & Heard, 1983; Christoffersen, 1988;

Spivak, 1997; Komai, 2006) and L. unispinosa Komai, 2006

from New Caledonia and Tonga (Komai, 2006).

Diagnostic characters of Lissosabinea include the pair of

lateral teeth on the rostrum, lack of conspicuous lateral carinae

on the carapace, a hump-backed abdomen and short, non-

chelate second pereopod (Holthuis, 1993; Komai, 2006).

Komai (2006) rediagnosed the genus Lissosabinea and

discussed its close relationship to the genus Sabinea Ross,

1835. He disputed the hypothesis of Christoffersen (1998) that

the genus had more affinity with Paracrangon Dana, 1852,

Vercoia Baker, 1904 and Prionocrangon Wood-Mason &

Alcock, 1891 and suggested that the original definition of the

genus was derived from insufficient character analysis.

Poore, (2004) recorded Lissosabinea tridentata Pequegnat,

1970 from Victoria, Australia and reproduced Dardeau &

Heard’s (1983) figure of a specimen from the Gulf of Mexico.

The specimen he referred to is here described as a new species.

Examination of a small crangonid collection held at

Museum Victoria has uncovered 5 specimens belonging to

three new species of this rare genus which are described

herein. Three specimens of L. arthuri sp. nov. were collected

from 260-265 metres off Victoria, one specimen of L.

beresfordi. sp. nov. from 370-410 metres off Tasmania and

one specimen of L. lynseyae sp. nov. from 414-421 metres off

Western Australia. Further material collected recently from

the north-western shelf of Western Australia were identified as

L. ecarina Komai, 2006 from 110 metres and L. indica (De

Man, 1918) from 110-451 metres and are new records for

Australian waters. Due to the rarity of the genus Komai (2006)

acknowledged that it was difficult to comment on the

biogeography of the genus. He suggested that the highly

abbreviated larval development (because of the large and few

eggs) goes someway to explaining the limited geographical

ranges of the species. These new discoveries expand the

geographic range of the genus into the southern hemisphere

and increase the number of known species from five to eight.

Abbreviations are: Tas, Tasmania; Vic, Victoria; WA,

Western Australia which are all Australian states. NMV,

Museum Victoria, Melbourne; WAM, Western Australian

Museum, Perth, where material is lodged; cl. refers to the

postorbital carapace length. Previously published and original

illustrations were scanned and digitally ‘inked’ using Adobe

Illustrator following Coleman’s methods (Coleman, 2003).

176

J. Taylor &D.J. Collins

Key to world species of Lissosabinea Christoffersen, 1988

(modified from Komai, 2006).

1. Carapace with only one tooth (epigastric tooth) on dorsal

midline

L. unispinosa [New Caledonia and Tonga, 410-610 m]

- Carapace with two or three teeth on dorsal midline 2

2. Carapace with three teeth on dorsal midline, but without

posthepatic tooth 3

- Carapace with two teeth on dorsal midline and one or two

posthepatic teeth 4

3. Carapace with small median teeth, epigastric tooth not

reaching base of rostrum; median carina on third

abdominal somite not extremely high; fourth and fifth

pereopods slender

L. tridentata [Gulf of Mexico, 391 m]

- Carapace with large median spines, epigastric tooth

overreaching base of rostrum; median carina on third

abdominal somite extremely high; fourth and fifth

pereopods very stout

L. armata [New Caledonia, 770-830 m]

4. Third abdominal somite weakly elevated medially, but

without distinctly delineated median carina

,.L. ecarina [WA, Philippines and Indonesia, 110-472 m]

- Third abdominal somite weakly or strongly elevated

medially, but with distinct median carina 5

5. Dactylus of fourth pereopod long and slender, more than

half length of propodus

L. lynseyae sp. nov [WA, 441-421 m]

- Dactylus of fourth pereopod less than or equal to half

length of propodus 6

6. Rostrum styliform in lateral view with relatively shallow

ventral blade; third abdominal somite with posterodorsal

margin somewhat produced posteriorly

, L. indica [WA, Japan, Indonesia, Coral Sea and New

Caledonia, 146-700 m]

- Rostrum blunt in lateral view with medium to deep ventral

blade; third abdominal somite with median posterodorsal

margin strongly produced posteriorly 7

7. Carapace with second tooth on dorsal midline elevated

relative to rostrum and epigastric tooth; first pereopod

merus with ventral lamina terminating distally in

prominent subacute tooth

L. arthuri sp. nov [Vic, 260-265 m]

- Carapace with second tooth on dorsal midline equal in

height to epigastric tooth and not elevated relative to

rostrum; first pereopod merus with ventral lamina

terminating distally in small blunt tooth

L. beresfordi sp. nov [Tas, 370-410 m]

Systematics

Lissosabinea beresfordi sp. nov

Figures 1-2, 8.

Type material. Holotype. Australia, Southern Ocean, south of

Tasmania, Huon 400 site (43°59.5' S, 147°32.76' E-43°59.7' S,

147°33.80' E), 370-410 m, 31 Mar 2007 (stn SS02-2007 06), NMV

J57989 (male specimen, cl. 7.0 mm).

Etymology. Named for Museum Victoria Principal Curator,

Gary Charles Beresford Poore, in gratitude of the opportunities

and guidance he has provided the authors.

Type locality. Tasmania, Australia, 370-410 m.

Distribution. Known only from type location.

Description. Based on holotype male.

Rostrum slightly descending, directed forward, laterally

compressed, falling just short of distal margin of first segment

of antennular peduncle; distal part blunt, broadened with

ventral blade; dorsal surface with low, blunt median ridge

without setae; lateral tooth strong arising from 0.40 of rostrum;

ventral margin straight, unarmed.

Carapace 1.30 times as long as wide. Middorsal carina

sharp, extending nearly to posterodorsal margin of carapace,

armed with two large teeth; epigastric tooth falling far short of

base of rostrum arising at 0.22 of carapace length; second

tooth equal in size to the first, arising from 0.57 of carapace

length. Dorsal surface of carapace without setae. Antennal

tooth small, not reaching anterior margin of cornea of eye.

Branchiostegal tooth directed forward, falling short of anterior

margin of antennal basicerite. Pterygostomian angle without

tooth. Lateral face of carapace with relatively large hepatic

and one post hepatic tooth, but epibranchial tooth absent;

epibranchial carina conspicuous.

Sternal tooth on fifth thoracic somite well developed in

male, extending beyond base of spur on fourth somite.

Second abdominal somite smooth on dorsal surface. Third

somite with middorsal carina in posterior 0.52; posterodorsal

margin of somite strongly produced posteriorly, partially

covering fourth somite. Sixth somite about 1.80 times as long

as high; dorsal surface flat on midline. Telson with two pairs

of minute dorsolateral spines; posterolateral angle with one

short blunt spine and two pairs of longer spines (broken);

terminal process tapered, tip rounded.

Antennular peduncle reaching 0.50 of antennal scale;

stylocerite reaching nearly distal margin of first segment,

spiniform. Antennal scale about 0.67 of carapace length and

3.30 times as long as wide, lateral margin slightly curved,

distal blade rounded; basicerite with ventrolateral spine

reaching mid length of first segment of antennular peduncle.

Mouthparts not dissected.

First pereopod with palm about 4.35 times as long as wide;

cutting edge of palm strongly oblique; pollex relatively large,

triangular, slightly recurved; carpus armed with one moderately

large spine on lateral margin; merus with strong dorsodistal

spine not reaching distal margin of anteriorly extended carpus,

distolateral margin without tooth; ventral lamina terminating

New records of the shrimp genus Lissosabinea (Caridea: Crangonidae) from Australia including descriptions of three new

species and a key to world species.

177

distally in small blunt tooth. Second pereopod falling far short of

midlength of merus of first pereopod; dactylus about 0.44 length

of propodus; propodus not widened distally. Third pereopod

slender; ischium about 2.00 times as long as merus. Fourth

pereopod moderately slender, overreaching antennal scale by

length of dactylus and 0.30 of propodus; dactylus compressed

laterally, about 0.37 times as long as propodus, propodus with

distal tuft of setae; carpus 0.66 times as long as propodus; merus

about ten times as long as wide, unarmed on dorsodistal margin;

ischium 0.58 times as long as merus. Fifth pereopod similar to

fourth, overreaching antennal scale by length of dactylus and

0.60 of propodus; ischium 0.44 times as long as merus.

Colour. Pereopods, ventral half of carapace and ventral third of

abdominal somites pigmented red. Rostrum, dorsal carapace,

first and sixth somites and telson green pigmented in life.

Remarks. All species of Lissosabinea recorded from Australia

bear two median teeth on the carapace, a trait shared with

congeners L. ecarina and L. indica, both known from Indonesian

and now Australian waters. L. beresfordi shares the relatively

blunt, deep rostrum with L. arthuri and to a lesser extent with L.

lynseyae, the rostmm of which is less broad and spiniform distally.

L. beresfordi is easily differentiated from L. arthuri by the shape

of the third abdominal somite and the difference in the ventral

lamina on the mems of first pereopod that terminates distally in a

small blunt tooth as opposed to the prominent subacute tooth in L.

arthuri. Also, the two median teeth on the carapace are of equal

size and elevation in L. beresfordi but are unequal in L. arthuri.

Lissosabinea ecarina Komai, 2006

Figure 7.

Lissosabinea ecarina Komai, 2006: 49, figs. 10-12.

Sabinea indica - Chace, 1984: 59 (part).

Material examined. Australia, WA, north-western Australia, Mermaid

L24 transect (17°45.63' S-120°42.66' E), 110 m, 19 Jun 2007 (stn

SS05-2007 089), NMV J46722 (female specimen, cl. 6.0 mm).

Type locality. Kai Islands, Indonesia, 336-346 m.

Distribution. Australia, Western Australia. Western Pacific:

Philippines and Indonesia; 246-472 m.

Remarks. The weakly elevated third abdominal somite and

lack of a distinctly delineated median carina distinguishes L.

ecarina from other species of the genus found in Australian

waters. See Komai (2006) for further discussion on differences

between L. ecarina and L. indica.

Colour. Unknown in life, faded in ethanol.

Lissosabinea arthuri sp. nov.

Figures 3-4.

Lissosabinea tridentata. —Poore, 2004: 139.

Not Lissosabinea tridentata Pequegnat, 1970: pp. — Dardeau &

Heard, 1983: 29, fig. 15.

Type material. Holotype. Australia, Vic, (38°09.80’ S, 149 0 41.71'

E-38 o 10.11' S, 149°41.0r E), 260-265 m, 22 Apr 2000 (stn SS01-2000

199), NMV J59767 (female specimen, cl. 7.3 mm). Paratypes. Same

locality as holotypes, NMV J52086 (2 male specimens, cl. 5.6 mm, 5.8

mm).

Etymology. Named for the second authors grandfather, Arthur

C. Collins. His extensive work on Australian foraminiferans

unknowingly helped inspire a career.

Type locality. Victoria, Australia, 260-265 m.

Distribution. Known only from type location.

Description. Based on holotype female.

Rostrum directed forward, laterally compressed, overreaching

distal margin of first segment of antennular peduncle; distal part

truncate, with deep ventral blade; dorsal surface with median

ridge scattered with setae; lateral tooth strong, arising from 0.56

of rostrum; ventral margin straight, unarmed.

Carapace 1.70-1.80 times as long as wide. Middorsal carina

sharp, extending nearly to posterodorsal margin of carapace,

armed with two large teeth; epigastric tooth falling far short of

base of rostrum arising at 0.24 of carapace length; second tooth

arising from 0.57 of carapace length. Dorsal surface of carapace

with few irregularly scattered setae. Antennal tooth small, not

reaching anterior margin of cornea of eye. Branchiostegal tooth

directed forward, falling short of anterior margin of antennal

basicerite. Pterygostomian angle without tooth. Lateral face of

carapace with relatively large hepatic and one post hepatic tooth,

but epibranchial tooth absent; epibranchial carina conspicuous.

Fifth thoracic somite without sternal tooth in female.

Second abdominal somite smooth on dorsal surface. Third

somite with middorsal carina in posterior 0.50; posterodorsal

margin of somite strongly produced posteriorly, partially

covering fourth somite. Sixth somite about 2.40 times as long

as high; dorsal surface flat on midline. Telson with two pairs

of minute dorsolateral spines; posterolateral angle with one

short blunt spine and two pairs of longer spines (broken);

terminal process pointed.

Antennular peduncle reaching 0.58 of antennal scale;

stylocerite falling short of distal margin of first segment,

spiniform. Antennal scale about 0.57 of carapace length and

2.72 times as long as wide, lateral margin straight, distal blade

rounded; basicerite with ventrolateral spine reaching mid point

of first segment of antennular peduncle.

Mouthparts not dissected.

First pereopod with palm about 3.20 times as long as wide;

cutting edge of palm strongly oblique; pollex large, triangular,

not recurved; carpus armed with two moderately large spines

on lateral margin; merus with strong dorsodistal spine not

reaching distal margin of anteriorly extended carpus, distolateral

margin without tooth; ventral lamina terminating distally in

subacute tooth. Second pereopod falling far short of mid-length

of merus of first pereopod; dactylus about 0.38 length of

propodus; propodus not widened distally. Third pereopod

slender; ischium about 2.90 times as long as merus. Fourth

pereopod moderately stout, overreaching antennal scale by

length of dactylus and 0.30 of propodus; dactylus compressed

laterally, about 0.45 times as long as propodus, propodus with

distal tuft of setae; carpus 0.73 times as long as propodus; merus

about seven times as long as wide, unarmed on dorsodistal

178

J. Taylor &D.J. Collins

Figure 1. Lissosabinea beresfordi sp. nov., holotype male, cl. 7.0 mm, NMV J57989, Tasmania, Australia. A, entire animal in lateral view; B,

carapace, dorsal view; C, first and second abdominal somites, dorsal view; D, third to sixth abdominal somites, dorsal view; E, telson and

uropods, dorsal view; F, telson, dorsal view (magnified x 5.0 relative to F); G, left first pleopod (setae omitted); H, left second pleopod (setae

omitted); I, left third pleopod (setae omitted).

New records of the shrimp genus Lissosabinea (Caridea: Crangonidae) from Australia including descriptions of three new

species and a key to world species.

179

Figure 2. Lissosabinea beresfordi sp. nov., holotype male, (cl. 7.0 mm), NMV J57989, Tasmania, Australia. A, subchela of right first pleopod,

dorsal view; B, subchela of left first pleopod, lateral view; C, left second pereopod, lateral view; D, left second pereopod, lateral view (magnified

x 2.0 relative to D); E, right third pereopod, lateral view; F, left fourth pereopod, lateral view; G, left fifth pereopod, lateral view.

180

J. Taylor &D.J. Collins

Figure 3. Lissosabinea arthuri sp. nov., holotype female (cl. 7.3 mm), NMV J59767, Victoria Australia. A, entire animal in lateral view; B,

carapace, dorsal view; C, first and second abdominal somites, dorsal view; D, third to sixth abdominal somites, dorsal view; E, telson and

uropods, dorsal view; F, telson, dorsal view (magnified x 4.2 relative to F); G, left first pleopod (setae omitted); H, left second pleopod (setae

omitted); I, left third pleopod (setae omitted).

New records of the shrimp genus Lissosabinea (Caridea: Crangonidae) from Australia including descriptions of three new

species and a key to world species.

181

Figure 4. Lissosabinea arthuri sp. nov., holotype female (cl. 7.3 mm), NMV J59767, Victoria Australia. A, subchela of right first pleopod, dorsal

view; B, subchela of left first pleopod, lateral view; C, left second pereopod, lateral view; D, left second pereopod, lateral view (magnified x 2.0

relative to D); E, left third pereopod, lateral view; F, left fourth pereopod, lateral view; G, right fifth pereopod, lateral view.

182

J. Taylor &D.J. Collins

Figure 5. Lissosabinea lynseyae sp. nov., holotype female (cl. 5.5 mm), NMV J55492, Western Australia, off Bunbury. A, entire animal in lateral

view; B, carapace, dorsal view; C, first and second abdominal somites, dorsal view; D, third to sixth abdominal somites, dorsal view; E, telson

and uropods, dorsal view; F, telson, dorsal view (magnified x 4.2 relative to F); G, left first pleopod (setae omitted); H, left second pleopod (setae

omitted); I, left third pleopod (setae omitted).

New records of the shrimp genus Lissosabinea (Caridea: Crangonidae) from Australia including descriptions of three new

species and a key to world species.

183

Figure 6. Lissosabinea lynseyae sp. nov., holotype female (cl. 5.5 mm), NMV J55492, Western Australia, off Bunbury. A, subchela of right first

pleopod, dorsal view; B, subchela of left first pleopod, lateral view; C, left second pereopod, lateral view; D, left second pereopod, lateral view

(magnified x 2.0 relative to D); E, left third pereopod, lateral view; F, left fourth pereopod, lateral view; G, left fifth pereopod, lateral view.

184

J. Taylor &D.J. Collins

Figure 7. World species of Lissosabinea. Carapace and abdomen (lateral view, setae on abdomen omitted). L. armata redrawn from Komai, 2006

(fig. 7); L. ecarina redrawn from Komai, 2006 (fig. 10); L. tridentata redrawn from Dardeau & Heard, 1983 (fig. 15); L. unispinosa redrawn from

Komai, 2006 (fig. 13); L. indie a redrawn from Komai, 2006 (fig 1).

New records of the shrimp genus Lissosabinea (Caridea: Crangonidae) from Australia including descriptions of three new

species and a key to world species.

185

Figure 8. Live animal photographs of Lissosabinea copyright CSIRO. A, Lissosabinea beresfordi sp. nov., holotype male J57989, lateral view;

B, dorsal view. C, Lissosabinea lynseyae sp. nov. lateral view, holotype female, cl. 5.5 mm, J54492.

186

J. Taylor &D.J. Collins

margin; ischium 0.69 times as long as merus. Fifth pereopod

similar to fourth, ischium 0.51 times as long as merus.

Colour. Unknown in life, faded in ethanol.

Remarks. In the paratype males the sternal tooth on the fifth

thoracic somite is well developed extending beyond the base of

spur on fourth somite. See remarks for L. beresfordi sp. nov.

Lissosabinea indica (De Man, 1918)

Figures 7, 9.

Sabinea indica De Man, 1918: 304-1920: 303, pi. 25: fig. 75),

a-l-Chace, 1984: 59 (in part). -Takeda & Hanamura, 1994: 30.

Lissosabinea md/ca— Christoffersen, 1988: 48. -Kim & Natsukari,

2000:35 fig. 1, a-b. -Komai, 2006: 37 figs. 1-4.

Material examined. Australia, WA, north-western Australia, Mermaid

L24 transect (17°45.63' S-120°42.66' E), 110 m, 19 Jun 2007 (stn

SS05-2007 089), NMV J46723 (1 damaged specimen, cl. 7.7 mm).

Ashmore L30 transect (12°36.00' S, 123°25.53' E-12°36.95' S,

123°26.20' E), 419 m, 8 Jul 2007 (stn SS05-2007 198), NMV J46724

(2 female specimens, cl. 6.5 mm, 8.5 mm). Mermaid L24 north

transect (17°01.00' S, 119°35.46' E-17°01.82' S, 119°34.98' E), 451 m,

18 Jun 2007 (stn SS05-2007 080), NMV J46725 (1 female specimen,

cl. 8.3 mm, 1 male specimen 7.8 mm).

Type locality. Tanah Djampeah Island, Indonesia (400 m).

Distribution. Australia, Western Australia. Japan, Indonesia,

Coral Sea and New Caledonia; 146-700 m.

Colour. The pereopods, carapace and abdominal somites are

pigmented red. The anterior carapace is green pigmented

dorsally.

Remarks. See remarks forL. ecarina.

Lissosabinea lynseyae sp. nov.

Figures 5-6, 8.

Sabinea sp. mov 5421.— Poore etal., 2008: 82.

Type material. Holotype. Australia, WA, off Bunbury (33°00.5’ S,

114°59.26' E-33°00.11' S, 114°34.50' E), 421-414 m, 20 Nov 2005 (stn

SS10-2005 13), WAM C42465 (female specimen, cl. 5.5 mm).

Etymology. Named for Lynsey Poore. Her enthusiastic support

of Gary’s crustacean research over many decades has benefited

all members of the Marine Invertebrate Department.

Type locality. Bunbury, Western Australia, 414-421 m.

Distribution. Known only from type location.

Description. Based on holotype female.

Rostrum straight, directed forward, relatively broad,

slightly overreaching distal margin of first segment of

antennular peduncle; distal part spiniform, broadened with

ventral blade; dorsal surface with low, blunt median ridge,

bearing scattered setae extending onto anterior part of

carapace; lateral tooth strong arising from 0.58 of rostrum;

ventral margin straight, unarmed.

Carapace 1.90-2.20 times as long as wide. Middorsal carina

sharp, extending nearly to posterodorsal margin of carapace,

armed with two teeth; epigastric tooth falling far short of base of

rostrum arising at 0.21 of carapace length; second tooth arising

from 0.65 of carapace length. Dorsal surface of carapace with

few irregularly scattered setae. Antennal tooth small, not

reaching anterior margin of cornea of eye. Branchiostegal tooth

directed forward, falling short of anterior margin of antennal

basicerite. Pterygostomian angle with tooth. Lateral face of

carapace with relatively large hepatic and one post hepatic tooth,

but epibranchial tooth absent; epibranchial carina conspicuous.

Fifth thoracic somite without sternal tooth in spawning

female.

Second abdominal somite smooth on dorsal surface. Third

somite with middorsal carina in posterior 0.33; posterodorsal

margin of somite moderately produced posteriorly, partially

covering fourth somite. Sixth somite about 2.00 times as long

as high; dorsal surface flat on midline. Telson with two pairs

of minute dorsolateral spines; posterolateral angle with one

short blunt spine and two pairs of longer spines (broken);

terminal process acutely pointed.

Antennular peduncle reaching 0.55 of antennal scale;

stylocerite not reaching distal margin of first segment.

Antennal scale about 0.68 of carapace length and 2.70 times as

long as wide, lateral margin slightly curved, distal blade

rounded; basicerite with ventrolateral spine reaching mid point

of first segment of antennular peduncle.

Mouthparts not dissected.

First pereopod with palm about 3.50 times as long as wide;

cutting edge of palm strongly oblique; pollex relatively large,

triangular, not recurved; carpus armed with two large spines on

lateral margin; merus with very strong dorsodistal spine not

overreaching distal margin of anteriorly extended carpus,

distolateral margin with small blunt tooth; ventral lamina

terminating distally in large acute tooth. Second pereopod not

reaching mid-length of merus of first pereopod; dactylus about

0.40 length of propodus; propodus not weakly widened distally.

Third pereopod slender; ischium 2.56 times as long as merus.

Fourth pereopod moderately slender, overreaching antennal scale

by length of dactylus and 0.70 of propodus; dactylus compressed

laterally, about 0.51 times as long as propodus, propodus with

distal tuft of setae; carpus 0.61 times as long as propodus; mems

about eleven times as long as wide, unarmed on dorsodistal

margin; ischium 0.48 times as long as merus. Fifth pereopod

similar to fourth, overreaching antennal scale by length of dactylus

and 0.70 of propodus; ischium 0.45 times as long as merus.

Colour. The pereopods, ventral half of carapace and ventral

half of abdominal somites are pigmented red. The rostrum and

dorsal carapace are green pigmented in life.

Remarks. L. lynseyae sp. nov. can be distinguished from the

other species known from Australia by the shape of the third

abdominal somite and the long slender dactylus of pereopod 4

which is more than half the length of the propodus.

Acknowledgments

This paper is dedicated to Dr Gary Poore, Principal Curator of

Marine Biology at Museum Victoria and is part of a contribution

to commemorate his 40 th anniversary of studying Marine

New records of the shrimp genus Lissosabinea (Caridea: Crangonidae) from Australia including descriptions of three new

species and a key to world species.

187

Figure 9. Live animal photographs of Lissosabinea indica (De Man, 1918), female cl. 8.5 mm, J46724, copyright CSIRO.

Science in Australia.

Thanks to Alan Williams and Rudy Kloser from CSIRO

Marine and Atmospheric Research (CMAR) who were largely

responsible for the sampling design of the “Voyages of

Discovery” research program which generated the WA and Tas

proportion of the material listed in this report. Special thanks

to Karen Gowlett-Holmes for permission to use the photographs

of the live animals taken on board and published here.

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Nematocarcinidae, Thalassocaridae, Pandalidae, Psalidopodidae,

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stenopodidean shrimps ( Crustacea , Decapoda ) with an appendix

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Leiden, 328 pp.

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shrimps (Decapoda, Caridea) to Japanese waters. Crustacean

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Memoirs of Museum Victoria

Special issue in honour of Dr Gary C.B. Poore

Volume 66 31 December 2009

A special issue in honour of Dr Gary C.B. Poore, Principal Curator of Marine Biology, Museum Victona

J. Taylor and R. Wilson

1 > Victoriasquilla poorei, a new genus and species of mantis shrimp from southern Australia, and a range extension for

Hadrosquilla edgari Ahyong, 2001 (Crustacea: Stomatopoda: Nannosquillidae)

Shane T. Ahyong

5 > A new genus of a new Austral family of paratanaoid tanaidacean (Crustacea: Peracarida: Tanaidacea), with

two new species

Magdalena BJazewicz-Paszkowycz and Roger N. Bamber

17 > Acutiserolis poorei sp. nov. from the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas, Southern Ocean (Crustacea,

Isopoda, Serolidae)

Angelika Brandt

25 > Plesiomenaeus poorei gen. nov., sp nov., (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pontoniinae) from Zanzibar

A.J. Bruce

35 > A new genus and new species of Sphaeromatidae (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia

Niel L. Bruce

43 > Population biology of the ghost shrimps, Trypaea australiensis and Biffarius arenosus (Decapoda:

Thalassinidea), in Western Port, Victoria

Sarah Butler, Manieka Reid and Fiona L. Bird

61 > Iphimedia poorei, a new species of Iphimediidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from the New South Wales

Australian coast

Ch. 0. Coleman and James K. Lowry

71 > Paralamprops poorei, sp. nov. (Crustacea: Cumacea: Lampropidae), a new Australian cumacean

Sarah Gerken

77 > Parelasmopus poorei a New Species of Maeridae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Southern Australia

L.E. Hughes

81 > Compoceration garyi, a new genus and species of Paramunnidae (Crustacea, Isopoda, Asellota), from

south-eastern Australia

Jean Just

85 > Redescription of the freshwater amphipod Austrochiltonia australis (Sayce) (Crustacea: Amphipoda,

Chiltoniidae)

Rachael A. King

95 > New and poorly described stenothoids (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from the Pacific Ocean

T. Krapp-Schickel

117 > The genus Floresorchestia (Amphipoda: Talitridae) on Cocos (Keeling) and Christmas Islands

J.K. Lowry and R. Springthorpe

129 > Epikopais gen. nov. (Isopoda: Asellota: Munnopsidae), a new genus of munnopsid isopod with three new

species from the south-western Pacific

Kelly L. Merrin

147 > New species of Brucerolis (Crustacea: Isopoda: Serolidae) from seas around New Zealand and Australia

Melissa J. Storey and Gary C.B. Poore

175 > New records of the shrimp genus Lissosabinea (Caridea: Crangonidae) from Australia including descriptions of

three new species and a key to world species

Joanne Taylor and David J. Collins

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