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NeW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES,

LATE

LYCEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY.

VOLUME VII.

1892-1894.

NEW YORK:

PUBLISHED BY THE ACADEMY.

OF THE

NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

an Te

le eo

he Ah

CONTENTS OF VOLUME VIL.

BY THOS. L. CASEY.

PAGE.

Art.",11I.—Coleopterological Notices V. . : : ! . + 281

BY CARL H. EIGENMANN.

Art. V.—Notes on some South American Fishes. : ‘ : #1620

BY CARL H. EIGENMANN AND WILLIAM L. BRAY.

Art. IV.—A Revision of the American Cichlide . . . . . 607

BY J. F. KEMP AND ARTHUR HOLLICK.

Art. VI.—The Granite at Mounts Adam and Eve, Warwick, Orange

County, N. Y., and its Contact Phenomena . : : i . 638

BY THOMAS MORONG AND N. L. BRITTON.

Art. IJ.—An Enumeration of the Plants Collected by Dr. Thomas

Morong in Paraguay, 1888-1890 . : 4 ; : , eat 25)

BY ©. H. TYLER TOWNSEND.

Axt I.—Catalogue of the described South American species of Calyptrate

Muscidee : ‘ : : : : : : : : : 1

Nore.—For descriptive references to the three plates which accompany the

present volume, see page 605, and Art. VI., page 638.

OPRICERS OF THE ACADEMY.

liters e

PRESIDENT.

H. CARRINGTON BOLTON.

VICE-PRESIDENTS.

J. A. ALLEN, HENRY F. OSBORN.

CORRESPONDING SECRETARY.

THOS. L. CASEY.

RECORDING SECRETARY.

Ne ES BRITON:

TREASURER.

CHAS HF: COX.

COMMITTEE OF PUBLICATION.

J. A. ALLEN, N. L. BRITTON,

HAROLD JACOBY, H. F. OSBORN,

THOS. L. CASEY, Editor of Annals.

ACN NOAA L's

' OF THE

NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCKS,

VOLUME VII.

I.— Catalogue of the described South American Species of

Calyptrate Muscide.

BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND.

Read June 6, 1892.

The present catalogue is offered in the hope that it will materially

facilitate the study, in this country, of the South American Calyp-

trate Muscide. Though it doubtless contains much synonymy,

which it is impossible to clear up at the present time, it will never-

theless serve as a valuable basis for future study of the group.

Much time has been spent in its preparation, and the references

have been carefully compared. Most of the synonymy advanced by

various authors has been included, so far'as met with. With the

quite extensive literature which has been at the writer’s command,

it is hoped that the catalogue will be found almost complete up to

the present time. For obvious reasons, most of the new genera of

Brauer and von Bergenstamm, belonging to South America, are in-

cluded and made to embrace the species referred to them, since these

authors have critically examined many of the older types and their

decisions will have much value in the final placing of the species.

So far as possible, a certain natural (?) order has been observed in

the sequence of the genera. It is possible, however, that in some

eases even the family position of a genus may be misconceived,

owing to a more or less incomplete understanding of many of the

recent genera. |

Annas N. Y. Acap. Scr., VII, Dec. 1892.—1

2 South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide.

At the end will be found a list of the titles in full which the

writer has personally examined in'the preparation of the catalogue,

and from which all the specific references herein contained have been

gathered.

Fam. OESTRIDAE.

Gen. OESTRUS.

Linn., Faun. Suec. 1730. (1761).

ovis L., Fab., Latr., Oliv., et al. Brauer, Mon. Oestr. 151, pl. 3, f. 1, pl. 6,

f. 1, pl. 7, f. 10.—Brazil, Chili (Br.).

Gen. COLAX.

Wied., Anal. Ent. 17. Aus. Zw. ii, 260. (1824).

macula Wd., Analect. Ent. 18, f.8. Aus. Zw. ii, 261, pl. 9, f.11. Mcq., Hist.

Nat. ii, 52.—Brazil (Wd. Mcq.).

Gen. CTENOSTYLUM.

Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 167. (1850).

rufum Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 168, pl. 25, f.1. Brauer, Mon. Oestr. 52.—

Amazon River (Br. Mcq.).

Gen. CEPHENOMYIA.

Latreille, Fam. Natur. (1825).

grandis Guér., Icon. An. 547. Brauer, Mon. Oestr. 213.—Patagonia (Br.).

Gen. CUTEREBRA.

Clark, Essay on Bots. (1815).

analis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 22, pl. 2, f. 5. Joly, Rech. Oestr. 278, f. Brauer,

Mon. Oestr. 237, pl. 4, f. 1, pl. 6, f. 8. v.d. Wulp, Biol. C.-A. Dipt.

ii, 2.—Brazil (Br. Mcq.); Mexico (Br.); Costa Rica, Panama (v.d. W.).

cayennensis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 23. Joly, Rech. Oestr. 289. Brauer, Mon.

Oestr. 240.—Cayenne (Br. Mcq.).

ephippium Latr., Nouv. Dict.d’Hist. Nat. xxiii, 271. Mcq., Hist. Nat. ii, 48.

Joly, Rech. Oestr. 278. Brauer, Mon. Oestr. 235.—Cayenne (Mcq.).

megastoma Brauer, Mon. Oestr. 247, pl. 4, f. 5, pl. 6, f. 12.—So. Amer.

patagona Guér., Icon. An. 547. Brauer, Mon. Oestr. 246.—Patagonia (Br.).

rufiventris Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 21, pl. 2, f.4. Brauer, Mon. Oestr. 245.—

Para (Br. Mcq.).

._ Gen. DERMATOBIA.

Brauer, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien. x. (1860).

cyaneiventris Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 23 (Cuterebra). Brauer, Mon. Oestr. 266.

; Sch. Novara, 338. Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. i, 91.—So. Amer. (Sch.) ;

Brazil (Br. Mcq.).

South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide. 3

noxialis Goud., Ann. Sc. Nat. 3 ser. iii, 229 (Cuterebra). Brauer, Mon. Oestr.

266, pl. 4, f. 7, pl. 6, f. 13, pl. 10, f. 1.—-Colombia (Goud. Br.); Bahia

(Br.); Centr. Am.

Gen. ROGENHOFERA.

Brauer, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien. xiii. (1863).

trigonophora Brauer, Zool. Bot. Ges. xiii. Mon. Oestr. 217, pl. 4, f. 8, pl. 6,

f. 14, pl. 10, f. 5. Br. Bgst., Mus. Sch. i, 91.—Bahia (Br.).

Fam. PHASIIDAE.

Gen. TRICHOPODA.

Latr. in Cuvier, Régne Anim. v, 512. (1829).

apicalis Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 271.—Brazil.

arcuata Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1876, 397.—Chili.

bicolor Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1876, 395.—Buenos Ayres.

ciliata Fab., Syst. Ant. 315 (Ocyptera). Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 273. Mcq., Dipt.

Ex. ii, 3, 77, pl. 9, f. 1.—So. Amer. (Fab. Wd.) ; Carolina (Mcq.).

Note.—This is supposed to be the 9 of 7. pennipes.

decisa W1k., Dipt. Saund. 259.—Amazon River.

gradata Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 275.—Brazil.

inconstans Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 270.—Brazil.

lateralis WIk., List, 697.—Brazil.

luteipennis Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 279.—Brazil.

melanopus Rob. Desv., Myod. 284.—Brazil.

nigripennis Big., An. Soc. Ent. F. 1876, 396.—Buenos Ayres.

obscura Big., An. Soe. Ent. F. 1876, 399.—Buenos Ayres.

pennipes Fab., Ent. Syst. iv, 348 (Musca). Syst. Ant. 327 (Dictya). Wd.,

Aus. Zw. ii, 274. Br. Bgst., Mus. Sch. i, 79. R. D., Myod. 288. v.d.

W., Amer. Dipt. iii, 15. Biol. C.-A. Dipt. ii, 3.—Brazil (B. B., Willist.

in litt.) ; Argentine Rep., Mexico (v. d. W.); U.S.

Syn. Phasia jugatoria Say, Jour. Ac. Phil., vi, 172. Compl. Wr. ii, 364.

pictipennis Big., An. Soc. Ent. F. 1876, 398.—So. Amer.

pilipes Fab., Syst. Ant. 220 (Thereva). Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 272. Perty. Delect.

an. Brasil. 186, pl. 37, f. 5.—So. Amer. (Fab. Wd.); Bahia (Pty.).

pyrrhogaster Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 272. v. Roéder., Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1885, 344.

v.d. Wulp., Biol. C.-A. Dipt. ii, 3.—?So. Amer. (Wd.); Porto Rico (v.

Réd.); Guatemala (v. d. W.); Cuba; Texas (H. Lw.).

Note.— 7. haitensis R. D. is supposed to be a synonym of this species.

subcilipes Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 77, pl. 9, f. 2.—Guiana.

umbra WIk., List, 698.—Venezuela.

Gen. BIBIOMIMA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz.i, 80. (1889).

handlirschi Br. Bgst., Mus. Sch. i, 80, 103.—Brazil.

4 South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide.

Gen. HYALOMYIA.

Rob. Desv., Myodaires, 298. (1830).

chilensis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 216, pl. 20, f. 4.—Chili.

freyreisii Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 263 (Phasia). Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 78, pl. 9

f. 4.—Brazil.

Gen. ALOPHORA.

Rob. Desv., Myodaires, 293. (1830).

micans v. d. Wulp., Amerik. Dipt. iii, 14.—Argentine Rep.

Fam. OCYPTERIDAE.

Gen. ICELIA.

Rob. Desv., Myod. 224. (1830).

brasiliensis R. D., Myod. 224.—Brazil.

flavescens R. D., Myod. 224.—Brazil.

Gen. OCYPTHERA.

Latr. Hist. Nat. Ins. et Crust. xiv, 378. (1804).

apicalis Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1878, 45.—Chili.

dorsalis Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 264.—Brazil.

nigrina v. d. W., Amerik. Dipt. iii, 15.—Argentine Rep.

obscura Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1878, 44.—Brazil.

similis R. D., Myod. 230.—Brazil.

Gen. HERMYA.

Rob. Desv., Myod. 226. (1830).

afra R. D., Myod. 227.—Brazil.

Gen. GLOSSIDIONOPHORA.

Bigot, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, 11 Mch. (1885).

nigra Big., Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, 11 Mch.—Buenos Ayres.

Fam. PHANIIDAE. —

Gen. PHANIA.

Meigen, Syst. Beschr. iv, 218. (1824).

simillima Fab., Syst. Ant. 313 (Ocyptera). Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 267.—So. Amer.

(Fab. Wd.).

South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide. 5

Fam. TACHINIDAE.

Gen. DEJHANTIA.

Rob. Desv., Myodaires, 33. (1830).

argyropus Sch., Novara, 337.—So. Amer.

armata Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 287 (Zuchina). Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 168, pl. 15,

f. ‘7. Sch., Novara, 337. Br. Bgst., Mus. Sch. i, 64, f. 233. v.d. W.,

Amer. Dipt. iii, 17.—Brazil (Sch. Mcq.); Montevideo (v. d. W.); Cuba

(Wd.).

canescens Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 143, pl. 12, f. 1.—Colombia.

corpulenta Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 280 (Zuchina). v.d. Wulp., Amerik. Dipt. iii,

16. Biol. C.-A. Dipt. ii, 9, pl. 1, f. 4.—Bogota (v.d. W.); Mexico (Wd.

Meq.); Colo. (0. 8.);-New Mex., Arizona, Costa Rica, Panama (v.d. W.).

Syn. D. rufipalpis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 35, pl. 3, f. 1.

Syn. D. venatrix 0. S., West. Dipt. 348.

honesta Rdi., Dipt. Am. Aiq. Osculati (Nu. An. Sc. Nat. Bolog. 1850), 6.—Rio

Napo.

pallida R. D., Dipt. env. Paris, i, 653. Svh., Novara, 337.—So. Amer. (Sch.).

- pallipes Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 34, pl. 2, f. 9, Sup. i, 143. Sch., Novara, 337.

v.d. Wulp., Amerik. Dipt. iii, 16. Biol. C.-A. Dipt. ii, 8, pl. 1, ff. 1, la,

1b.—So. Amer. (Sch.); Bogota (Meq., v. d. W.); Costa Rica; Panama

(v. d. W.).

plumitarsis v. d. W., Amerik. Dipt. iii, 16. Biol. C.-A. Dipt. ii, 10, pl. 1, ff.

5a, 5b.—So. Amer. (Sch.); Bogota (Mcq.); Mexico; Guatemala; Costa

Rica (v.d. W.).

Syn. D. corpulenta Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 35. Sup.i, 143, pl.12,f.2. Sch.,

Novara, 337. Echinomyia corpulenta Mcq., Hist. Nat. ii, 77.

podiceria Rdi., Dipt. Exot. 17, f. 14.—Hquatorial America.

Gen. CRYPTOPALPUS.

Rondani, Esap. ditt. (sep.) 7. Annalidi Bologna. (1850).

histrix Rdi., Dipt. Exot. 18.—Bogota.

ornatus Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 47, pl. 4, f. 6 (Micropalpus). Sch., Nov. 333

(Saundersia). Rdi., Esap. Ditt. 9, No. 6 (sep.). Br. Bgst., Mus. Sch. i, 64,

f. 237.—Colombia (Sch., Mcq.); Venezuela (Rdi., B. B.); Mexico (Mcq.).

palliceps Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1888, 94.—Colombia.

Gen. LASIOPALPUS.

Meq., Dipt. Exot. Sup. ii, 63. (1847).

flavitarsis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Supl. ii, 64, pl. iii, f.1. Sch., Novara, 337. B.B.,

Mus. Sch. i, 63, f. 228.—So. Amer. (Sch.).

Gen. BOMBYLIOMYIA,

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. i, 63. (1889).

flavipalpis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 147, pl. 12, f.10 (Hystricia). Sch., Novara,

332 (Hystricia). Rdi., Dipt. Exot. 17 (Hystricia). Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz.

i, 63.—Brazil (Sch. Mcq.); So. Amer. (Rdi.).

6 South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide.

flavitarsis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 148, pl. 13, f. 9 (Hystricia). Sch., Novara,

332 (do.). Rdi., Dipt. Am. Aig. Osculati, 8 (do.). Br. Bgst., Musc. Sch.

ii, 105.—So. Amer. (Sch.); Colombia (Mcq.); Rio Napo (Rdi.).

testacea Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 148, pl. 13, f. 2 (Hystricia). B.B., Mus. Sch.

ii, 105.—Colormbia (Mcq.).

Gen. TROPIDOPSIS.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. i, 64. (1889).

pyrrhaspis W4d., Aus. Zw. ti, 307 (Tachina). Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 43 (Hystri-

cia). Sch., Nov. 332 (do.). v.d. W., Biol. C.-A. Dipt. ii, 18 (do.). Br.

Bgst., Muse. Sch. i, 64.—Brazil (Wd.); So. Amer. (Sch.); Mexico; Gua-

temala (v. d. W.).

Gen. HYSTRICIA.

Macq., Dipt. Exot. ii, 3, 43. (1843).

ambigua Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup.iv, 172. v.d.W., Biol. C.-A. Dipt. ii, 13, pl. 1,

f.7. B.B., Mus. Sch. ii, 105.—Colo.; Orizaba; Guatemala ; Costa Rica

(v. d. W.); So. Amer. (B. B.).

Note.—It may ke that the locality of So. Amer. given by Br. and Bgst. is

a typographical as well as a topographical error !

copulata Wd., pt. Aus. Zw. ii, 295 (Tachina). B.B., Mus. Sch. ii, 105.—

Brazil (Wd.).

etythrina Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1888, 79.—Bahia.

immaculata Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 148, pl. 12, f. 9.—Colombia.

nigroscutata Rdi., Dipt. Exot. 18.—Colombia.

obesa Sch., B. B. Mus. Sch. ii, 105.—Venezuela.

Note.—Is this species described ?

palpina Rdi., Dipt. Am. Aiq. Oscul. 8.—Rio Napo.

tarsata Sch., Novara, 333.—So. America.

Gen. JURINELLA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. i, 64. (1889).

coeruleonigra Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 146, pl. 12, f. 8(Jurinia). B.B., Mus.

Sch. i, 64, f. 235.—New Granada (Mcq., B. B.).

Gen. SAUNDERSIA.

Schiner, Novara Dipt. 333. (1868).

affinis Sch., Novara, 336.—So. Amer.

albolineatus Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. v, 99 (Micropalpus).—Colombia.

Note.—Meq. says that the absence of the antenne and palpi makes his

generic determination doubtful. The bare eyes and other points in the

description suggest the genus Saundersia.

dorsopunctata Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 47, pl. 4, f. 5 (Micropalpus). Schiner,

Novara, 334.—So. Amer. (Sch.); Bogota (Mcq.).

flavicans Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 151, pl. 13, f. 4 (ALicropalpus).—Colombia.

Note.—As the eyes are bare, and the third antennal joint not elongate,

this should doubtless be referred to Saundersia.

South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide. 7

flavitarsis Guérin, Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 47, pl. 5, f.1. Sup. i, 152, pl. 13,

f. 7. Sup. iii, 45 (Micropalpus). Schiner, Novara, 334.—So. Amer.

(Sch.); Venezuela (Rdi.); Quito, Peru; Colombia; Mexico (Mcq.).

Syn. Epalpus pallitarsis Rdi. Esap. Ditt. 8, No. 5.

heros Sch., B. B. Mus. Sch. ii, 105.—Colombia (B. B.).

-Note.—Is this species described ?

_ hystrix Sch., B. B. Mus. Sch. ii, 105.—Colombia (B. B.).

Note.—Is this described ?

inornata Sch., Novara, 335.—So. Amer.

macula Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 46, pl. 5, f. 2 (Micropalpus). Sch., Nov. 334.

v. d. W., Biol. C.-A. Dipt. ii, 21, pl. 1, f.16.—So. Amer. (Mcq., Sch.);

Costa Rica (v. d. W.).

nigriventris Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 44, pl. 4, f. 3 (Hystricia). L.c. Sup. i, 150

(Micropalpus). Sch., Novara, 334. v. Réder, Dipt. ges. 8. A. Al. Stitibel,

10 (sep.).—So. Amer. (Sch.); Colombia (Mcq., v. Réd.).

nitidus Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 174, pl. 15, f. 14 (Micropalpus).—So. Amer.

Note.—Probably belongs in Saundersia.

peruviana Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iii, 45, pl. 5, f. 2 (Micropalpus). v. Réder,

Dipt. ges. 5. A. Al. Sttibel, 10 (sep.)—Ecuador (Mcq., v. Rod.); Peru

(Mcq.).°

picta Sch., Novara, 335.—So. Amer.

pictipennis Mcq., B. B. Mus. Sch. ii, 105.—Colombia.

Note.—Is this described ?

pulverulenta Sch., Novara, 335.—So. Amer.

rubripes Sch., B. B. Mus. Sch. ii, 105.—Colombia.

Note.—Is this described ?

- rufa Sch., Novara, 335.—So. Amer.

rufipes Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 172, pl. 15, f. 11 (Hystricia). v.d. W., Biol.

C.-A. Dipt. ii, 27.—Brazil (Mcq.).

rufiventris Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 151, pl. 13, f. 3 (Mcropalpus).—Colombia.

Note.—This is probably a Saundersia, as the eyes are bare and the third

antennal joint short.

semiatrata Sch., Novara, 334.—So. Amer.

tarsalis Sch., Novara, 334.—So. Amer.

varia Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 268 (Tachina). v.Réd., Dipt. ges. 8. A. Al. Sttibel,

10 (sep.).—Colombia (W1k.); Ecuador (v. Roéd.).

Gen. HPALPUS.

Rdi., Esap. ditt. (sep.) 6. Annali di Bologna (1850).

erythrostoma Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1888, 95.—Chili.

lineolatus Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1888, 94.—Chili.

ochricornis Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1888, 95.—Chili.

rostratus, Rdi., Dipt. Am. merid. Strobel (Ann. Soc. Nat. Mod., iii) 2. (sep.)

pl. 4, ff. 1, 2.—Mendoza.

rubripilus Rdi., Hsapodi Ditteri, 7, No. 4 (sep.).—Venezuela.

8 South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide.

rufipennis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 152, pl. 13, f. 5 (Micropalpus). Sch., Novara,

334 (Saundersia). Br. Bgst., Mus. Sch. i, 64.—So. Amer. (Sch.); Colom-

bia (B. B., Mcq.).

Gen. JURINIA.

Rob., Desv. Myod. 34. (1830).

amethystina Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 42, pl. 3, f. 7. Sup. i, 147.—Colombia ;

Venezuela; Minas Geraes, Brazil; Georgia.

analis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 39, pl. 3, f. 8.—Brazil ; Mexico.

aurifacies R. Desv., Myod. 38.—Brazil. |

bicolor W4d., Aus. Zw. ii, 282 ( Tachina). Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 39, pl. 3. f. 7.—

Brazil (Wd., R. D., Meq.); ? Montevideo (Big.).

Syn. Jurinia fuliginipennis Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1888, 79.

?J. brasiliensis R. D., Myod. 35.

Echinomyia fuliginipennis Meq., Hist. Nat. ii, 77.

chrysiceps R. D., Myod. 37.—Brazil.

flavifacies Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 171.—Brazil.

fulviventris R. D., Myod. 37.—Rio Grande, Brazil.

gagatea R. D., Myod. 36.—Brazil.

hyalipennis Mcq., Hist. Nat. ii, 80.—Brazil.

laticornis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 146.—Colombia.

nigricalyptrata Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 145, pl. 12, f. 6. Minas-Geraes, Brazil.

nigriventris v. d. Wulp., Notes Leyd. Mus. iv, 81. Amerik. Dipt. ii, 17.—

Chili; Argentine Rep.

notata W1lk., Dipt. Saund. 267 ( Tachina). v.Réder., Dipt. gesamm. 5S. A. Al.

Stiibel, 10 (sep.).—Colombia (Wlk.); Ecuador (v. Rod.).

obesa Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 282 (Tachina). B. B., Mus. Sch. i, 64, f. 234.—Brazil

(Wad.).

plagiata Sch., Novara, 332 (Hystricia). B.B., Mus. Sch. ii, 105.—So. Amer.

(Sch.).

rufipalpis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 40.—Guiana.

rufiventris Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 41, pl. 3, f. 9. Sup. i, 147.—Bogota.

scutellaris R. D., Myod. 36.—Guaratuba, Brazil.

scutellata Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 41.—Chili; Bogota.

smaragdina Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 39, pl. 3, f. 6.—? Brazil.

surinamensis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 40, pl. 4, f. 1.—Surinam.

testacea R. D., Myod. 38.—Rio Gide Brazil.

translucens Med , Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 145, pl. 12, f. 7.—Minas-Geraes, Brazil.

Gen. FABRICIA.

Rob. Desv., Myod. 42. (1830).

andicola Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1888, 86.—Chili.

daemon Sch., (non Wd.) Novara, 331. B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 104.—Brazil (Sch.).

Note.—Schiner wrongly identified his species with Wiedemann’s, accord-

ing to B. B.

leucophrys W4d., pt. Aus. Zw. ii, 308 (Tachina). B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 104.—

Brazil (Wd.).

South American Species of Calypirate Muscide. 9

Gen. BLEPHARIPEZA.

Macq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 54. (1843).

albifacies Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1888, 92.—Brazil.

andina Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1888, 90.—Chili.

aurocaudata Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1888, 90.—Montevideo.

bicolor Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 158, pl. 20, f.7. Sch., Nov. 336.—So. Amer.

(Sch.); Galveston, Texas (Mcq.).

breviventris Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 297 (Tachina). Wh1k., List, 712 (do.). B.B.,

Muse. Sch. ii, 98.—Brazil (Wd.); Jamaica (WIk.).

cyaneiventris Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 157, pl. 13, f. 11.—Minas-Geraes, Brazil.

leucophrys Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 308 (Tachina). v.d. W., Biol. C.-A. Dipt. ii,

30, pl. 2, ff. 9, 9a (Belvosia). Sch., Novara, 336. Br. Bgst., Mus. Sch.

i, 28, f. 53. Willist., Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. xiii, 304.—Brazil (Wd., Sch.,

v.d. W.); Colombia (Sch., v.d. W.); Rio Napo (Rdi.); Argentine Rep. ;

Costa Rica (v.d. W.); San Domingo (Willist.); Guiana; Mexico (M¢eq.);

Cuba (Big.); N. Amer.

Syn. Blepharipeza rufipalpis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 55, pl.6,f.1. Sup. i, 158.

Rdi., Dipt. Am. Aq. Ose. 8 (sep.). Big. Sagra, 815.

Syn. Belvosia rufipalpis v. d. W., Amerik. Dipt. iii, 25, pl. 1, f. 15.

Gen. BELVOSIA.

Rob. Desv., Myod. 103. (1830).

analis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 160, pl. 14, f. 4.—? Brazil.

bifasciata Fab., Syst. Ent. 777. Ent. Syst. iv, 325. Mant. Ins. ii, 345. Syst.

Ant. 299 (Musca). Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 305 ( Tachina). Mcq., Hist. Nat. ii,

104 (Nemorea). Big. Sagra. 813 (do.) Latr. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. xxiv,

195 (Ocyptera). R. Desv., Myod. 104 (ZLatreillia). B. B., Muse. Sch. i, 29,

Oss silj.vo (do.). Mcg., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 57, pl. 6, f..2. ‘Sup. iti, 45.

v. d. W., Amerik. Dipt. iii, 23, pl. 1, ff. 13,14. Biol. C.-A. Dipt. ii, 30,

pl. 2, ff. 8, 8a.—So. Amer. (Wd. Big.); Is. Am. (Fab.); Brazil (Mcq.,

R. D., v. d. W.); Colombia; Guatemala (v. d. W.); Cuba (Big.); No.

Amer.

leucopyga v.d. W., Notes Leyd. Mus. iv, 84. Amerik. Dipt. iii, 27.—Brazil.

Gen. WILLISTONIA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. i, 29. (1889).

bicincta R. Desv., Myod. 103 (Belvosia). Mcq., Hist. Nat. ii, 112 (Senometopia).

Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 56,57. Sup. ii, 66 (Belvosia). Br. Bgst., Muse.

Sch. ii, 99.—Brazil (Meq.); Antilles; Carolina (R. D.); N. Am.

copulata Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 295 (Tachina). B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 99.—Brazil

(Wad.). ,

esuriens Fab., Syst. Ant. 301 (Zachina). Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 309 (do.). Mcq.,

Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 57 (Belvosia). B. B., Musc. Sch. i, 29.—So. Amer. (Fab.);

Brazil (Wd.).

10 South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide.

potens Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 312 (Tachina). Big. Sagra, 810 (do.). Meq., Dipt.

Ex. ii, 3, 58 (Eurygaster). B.B., Mus. Sch. ii, 99.—Rio Janeiro (Wd.);

Cuba (Big.).

weyenberghiana v.d. W., Amerik. Dipt. iii, 26, pl. 1, ff. 16, 17, 18 ( Belvosia).

B. B., Muse. Sch. ii, 99.—Argentine Rep. (v. d. W.); Brazil (B. B.).

Gen. CHZSTOPROCTA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. ii, 37. (1891).

tarsalis Sch., Novara, 336 (Blepharipeza). B.B., Mus. Sch. ii, 38.—So. Amer.

(Sch.); Venezuela (B. B.).

Gen. ATACTA.

Schin., Novara, Dipt. 328. (1868).

brasiliensis Sch., Novara, 328. B.B., Musc. Sch. i, 28, f. 57.—Brazil (Sch.).

Gen. BLEPHAROPODA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. i, 28. (1889).

pilitarsis Rdi., Dipt. Am. ANq. Oscul. 9 (sep.).—Rio Napo.

Gen. THYSANOMYIA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Sch. ii, 36. (1891).

fimbriata v.d. W., Biol. C.-A. Dipt. ii, 97 (Brachycoma). B. B., Musc. Sch. ii,

36.—So. Amer. (B. B.); Mexico (v. d. W.).

Gen. CTENOPHOROCERA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Sch. ii, 38. (1891).

biserialis Sch., Novara, 326 (Phorocera). B.B., Mus. Sch. ii, 38.—Brazil

(Sch.).

? blepharipus B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 38.—Cape of Good Hope, or Brazil.

Gen. ECHINOMYIA.

Duméril, Expos. méth. nat. cl. ins. (1798).

analis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 144, pl. 12, f. 3.—Colombia.

brasiliensis R. D., Myod. 33 (Dejeania). Mceq., Hist. Nat. ii, 77.—Brazil (R.

D., Mcq.).

filipalpis Rdi., Dipt. Exot. 15 (sep).—Chili.

furiosa W1k., Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. n. ser. iv, 194.—Rio Grande.

‘ignobilis Rdi., Dipt. Ex. 15 (sep.).—Chili.

nigripennis Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 286 (Tachina). Megq., Hist. Nat. ii, 75.—Brazil

(Wd., Mcq.)

pilifrons Sch., Novara, 331.—Chili.

piliventris v.d. W., Amerik. Dipt. iii, 22. Biol. C.-A. Dipt. ii, 34, pl. 2,

f. 13a.—Argentine Rep.; Mexico.

pumila Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 170, pl. 15, f. 9.—Minas Geraes, Brazil.

South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide. — 11

pygmea Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 170, pl. 15, f. 10.—Chili.

rubida R. Desv., Myod. 39 (Dumerillia). Mcq., Hist. Nat. ii, 79.—Brazil (R.

D., Mcq.).

vittata v.d. W., Amerik. Dipt. iii, 21.—Argentine Rep.

Gen. PELETERIA.

Rob. Desv., Myod. 39. (1830).

lalandii R. D., Myod. 40.—Brazil.

leschenaldi R. D., Myod. 40.—Surinam.

robusta Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 290 (Tachina). v.d. Wulp., Amerik. Dipt. iii, 19.

Biol. C.-A. Dipt. ii, 32, pl. 2, f. 10a (Echinomyia). B. B., Mus. Sch. ii,

104.—Montevideo (Wd.); Argentine Rep.; Chili; Colombia; Mexico;

Costa Rica (v. d. W.); No. Amer.

Syn. Echin. analis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 144, pl. 12, f. 3.

E. filipalpis Rdi., Arch. Zool. iii (sep.), p. 15.

E. hemorrhoa, v. d. W., Tijds. v. Ent. x, 145, pl. 4, ff. 13, 14, 15, 16.

Willist., Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. xiii, 301.

Gen. TACHINODES.

Br. Bgst., Musc. Schiz. i, 65. (1889).

analis Fab., Syst. Ant. 311 (Tachina). Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 288 (do.). Sch.,

Novara, 331 (Echinomyia). Rdi., Esame ditt. Brasil. 1848 (sep.) 15 (do.).

v. d. W., Biol. C.-A. Dipt. ii, 33, pl. 2, f. 12a (do.). B.B., Mus. Sch. ii,

105.—Brazil (Wd.); So. Am. (Fab., Sch.); Mexico; Nicaragua; Costa

Rica (v. d. W.).

demon W4d.,, Aus. Zw. ii, 292 (Tachina). B.B., Mus. Sch. ii, 105.—Brazil

(Wd.).

diaphana Fab., Syst. Ant. 308 (Tachina). ? Mant. Ins. ii, 349 (Musca). Wd.,

Aus. Zw. ii, 281 (Tachina). Rdi., Esame ditt. Brasil. (sep.) 15. (Hehi-

nomyia). B.B., Mus. Sch. ii, 105.—So. Amer. (Fab., Wd.); Brazil (Rdi.).

hystrix Fab., Syst. Ent. 777. Ent. Syst. iv, 325 (Musca). Syst. Ant. 310

(Tuchina). Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 283 (do.). B. B., Mus. Sch. i, 65.—Brazil

(B. B.).

immaculata Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 169, pl. 15, f. 8 (Echinomyia). v.d. W.,

Notes Leyd. Mus. iv, 83. Amerik. Dipt. iii, 19 (do.). B. B., Mus. Sch.

ii, 105.—Minas Geraes, Brazil (Mcq.); Arizona (v. d. W.)

robusta Sch., litt. B. B. Mus. Sch. ii, 105.—Brazil.

Note.—Is this described ?

seminigra Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 296 (Tachina). Sch., Novara, 331 (Hchinomyia).

B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 105.—Brazil (Wd.); Chili; Colombia (Sch.).

Gen. TALAROCERA.

Williston, Ent. Amer. iii, 152. (1887).

smithii Will., Ent. Amer. iii, 153. 3B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 79.—Chapada, Brazil

(Will.).

12 South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide.

Gen. ARCH YTAS.

Jennicke, Neue Exot. Dipt. 392. (1867).

bicolor Jen., Neue Exot. Dipt. 392, pl. 44, f. 8.— Venezuela.

Gen. CUPHOCERA.

Macq., An. soc. ent. Fr. ser. 2, ili, 267. (1845).

callipiga Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1857. Rdi., Dipt. Exot. (sep.) 16.—Chili

(Big.); Valdivia (Rdi.).

decorata Rdi., Dipt. Am. ANg. Oscul. (sep.) 7.—Rio Napo.

pruinosa Rdi., Dipt. Exot. (sep.) 16.—Chili.

Gen. BLACHIPALPUS.

Rdi., Esap. ditt. (sep.) 7. Annalidi Bologna. (1850).

macrocera Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 290 (Zachina). Sch., Novara, 330 (Cuphocera).

v. d. W., Amerik. Dipt. iii, 22 (do.). B.B., Mus. Sch. ii, 102.—Brazil

(Wd., Sch.); Bahia (v. d. W.).

nitens Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 294 ( Zachina). Sch., Nov. 330 (Cuphocera). B. B.,

Mus. Sch. ii, 102.—Brazil (Wd.); So. Am. (Sch.); Venezuela (B. B.).

Gen. CHAITOPROSOPA.

Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 196. (1850).

cyanea Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 196, pl. 17, f. 17.—Minas Geraes, Brazil.

Gen. SISYROPA.

Br. Bgst., Musc. Schiz. i, 95. (1889).

leptotrichopa B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 43.—Brazil.

?Syn. Hemimasicera quadra Wd.

prosopina B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 43.—Brazil.

rufiventris B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 42.—Brazil.

vorax Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 315 (Zachina). B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 43.—Brazil (Wd.).

Gen. BOLOMYIA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. ii, 43. (1891).

violacea v. d. W., Biol. C.-A. Dipt. ii, 53 (Mystacella). 3B. B., Mus. Sch. ii,

44.—Brazil (B. B.); Mexico; Yucatan; Guatemala (v. d. W.).

Gen. CHAITOLYGA.

Rdi., Pr. Dipt. Ital. i. (1856).

pyrrhopyga W4., Zool. Mag. iii, 53. Aus. Zw. ii, 319 (Tachina). B. B., Mus.

Sch. ii, 98.—Bahia, Brazil (Wd.).

South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide, 13

Gen. GONIA.

Meigen, Illig. Mag. ii, 280. (1803).

crassicornis Fab., Ent. Syst. iv, 328. Syst. Ant. 301 (Musca). Wd., Aus.

Zw. ii, 345.—So. Amer. (Wd.); Is. Am. (Fab.).

erythrocera Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1888, 86.—Chili.

genei Rdi., Dipt. Exot. (sep.) 14.— Venezuela.

Syn. Gonia capitata Rdi., Ann. Bolog. 1850.

incerta Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 179.—Corrientes, Brazil.

lineata Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 178.—Patagonia.

pallens Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 346. Mcqg., Dipt. Ex.ii, 3, 50. &ch., Novara, 329.

Lynch-Arribalz. An. Soc. Cien. Arg. 1880. v.d. W., Amerik. Dipt. iii,

23. Biol. C.-A. Dipt. ii, 39.—Brazil (Wd., Meq.); Chili (Mcq., Sch.,

Blanch.); Patagonia; Argentine Rep.; Mexico; Jamaica (v.d. W.);

Cuba (Mcq.).

Var. G. chilensis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3,50, pl. 5, f. 4. Big. Sagra, 809.

Blanch. in Gay. Hist. Chili, vii, 422. 3

Syn. G. angusta Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 56, pl. 5, f. 5.

G. lineata Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 178.

trifaria Zeller, Rdi. Esap. Ditt. (sep.) 9.—Venezuela (Rdi.).

Syn. G. capitata Meig., Rdi. 1. c.

Note.—This synonymy is on authority of Rdi.l.c. Is Gonia capitata Degeer

meant? According to Schiner (Catalogus Dipterorum Europe, 98) G.

capitata Mg. is a synonym of G. trifaria Zllr. It is a question whether

the species referred to is found in So. America.

virescens Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 50.—Brazil or Chili.

Gen. SPALLANZANIA.

Rob. Desv., Myod. 78. (1830).

americana Sch., Novara, 327 (Cnephalia). B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 100.—Chili

(Sch.).

Gen. GONYSTYLUM.

Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 180. (1850).

ruficorne Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 180, pl. 16, f. 2.—Corrientes, Brazil.

Gen. DEMOTICUS.

Mcq., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. ser. 3, ii, 443. (1854).

ratzeburgii Jen., Neue Exot. Dipt. 386.—Chili.

Gen. CHAITODEMOTICUS.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. ii, 81. (1891).

chilensis Sch., Novara, 324 (Demoticus). B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 81.—Chili (Sch.).

14 South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide.

Gen. ARTHROCH ATA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. i, 66. (1889).

demoticoides B. B., Mus. Sch. i, 66, 101.—Colombia ; Venezuela.

Gen. RHAMPHININA.

Bigot, Bull. soc. ent. Fr. 1885, 14 janv. (1885).

argentina Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1888, 265.—Buenos Ayres.

Gen. TACHINA.

Meigen, Illiger’s Magazine, ii, 280. (1803).

zquabilis Wlk., List, 704.—Venezuela.

albimacula Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 328.—So. Amer.

alligans W1k., List, 713.—Venezuela.

alterna W1lk., List, 701.—Venezuela.

anthemon WIk., List, 733.—Brazil.

anthracina Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 324.—Brazil.

apicalis Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 275.—Colombia.

atrata Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 284.—Brazil.

atratula Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 304.—Brazil. ;

atrifrons Wd., Anal. Ent. 46 (Melanophora). Aus. Zw. ii, 338.—So. America.

aurifera Wlk., List, 702.—Venezuela.

basalis Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 285.—So. Amer.

caliginosa W1k., Dipt. Saund. 268.—Brazil.

chrysophora Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 316.—Brazil.

chrysotelus WI1k., Dipt. Saund. 296.—Brazil.

cincta WIk., Dipt. Saund. 303.—Brazil.

cingulata Fab., Syst. Ant. 301. Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 323.—So. Amer. (Wd.);

Is. So. Amer. (Fab.).

compacta WIk., Dipt. Saund. 294.—Brazil.

constans WIk., List, 705.—Venezuela.

contermina WI1k., Dipt. Saund. 285.—So. Amer.

diversa WI1k., List, 703.—Venezuela.

divisa Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 270.—Para, Brazil.

infirma WI1k., List, 719.—Chili.

latifrons Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 284.—So. Amer.

melaleuca Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 320.—Brazil.

melanax WIk., List, 700.—Venezuela.

melanoppyga W4d., Aus. Zw. ii, 292.—Surinam.

mutata Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 338.—So. Amer. (Wd., Fab.).

Syn. Ocyptera diaphanu Fab., Syst. Ant. 314.

nigrifera Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 303.—Brazil.

nigrorufa Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 284.—Colombia.

picea Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 293.—Colombia.

pilosa Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 266.—So. America.

?Syn. Musca pilosa Drury.

South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide. 15

pinguis Fab., Syst. Ant. 302 (Musca). ?Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 342.—So. Amer.

(Fab., Wd. ?). :

planiventris Mcq., Dipt. Exot. Sup. iv, 205, pl. 18, f. 13.—So. Amer.

proxima WI1k., Dipt. Saund. 287.—Para.

ruficornis Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 304.—So. America.

scita Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 302.—Brazil.

similis W1k., Dipt. Saund. 269.—So. America.

singularis Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 335.—Brazil.

socia WIk., Dipt. Saund. 286.—Brazil.

sordida WIk., Dipt. Saund. 297.—So. Amer.

spinipennis Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 303.—Brazil.

squamata WIk., Dipt. Saund. 279.—Colombia.

subpicea W1k., Dipt. Saund. 297.—Brazil.

tenebrifera W1k., Dipt. Saund. 302.—Brazil.

tincta Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 287.—Brazil.

transiens WIk., List, 706.—Quito.

transversa WI1k., Dipt. Saund. 274.—Brazil.

trianguli Wlk., List, 706.—Venezuela.

tricincta Fab., Syst. Ant. 301. Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 327.—So. Amer. (Fab., Wd.).

triformis Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 267.—Colombia.

umbrifera Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 294.—Brazil.

usta Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 313.—Brazil.

vittata Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 273.—Colombia.

vittata Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 301.—So. Amer.

Note.—It is useless to change the specific name until it becomes evident

that this and the preceding belong in the same genus, which is improb-

able.

vulgata Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 300.—So. Amer.

Gen. HYPOTACHINA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. ii, 47. (1891).

disparata B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 47.—Brazil.

Gen. TRICHOLYGA.

Rdi., Pr. Dipt. Ital. i. (1856).

vivida W4., Aus. Zw. ii, 312 (Tachina). B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 99.—Brazil (Wd.),

Gen. GYMNOMMA.

v. d. Wulp., Biol. C.-A. Dipt. ii, 38. (1888).

nitidiventris v. d. W., Biol. C.-A. Dipt. ii, 38, pl. 5, ff. 17, 17a.—Mexico (v.

d. W.); Brazil (B. B.).

Gen. TRICHOPHORA.

Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. ii, 62. (1847).

? albocalyptrata Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1888, 82.—Quito.

analis Sch., Novara, 330. B. B., Mus. Sch. 66; f. 246.—So. Amer.

16 South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide.

mitis Sch., B. B. Mus. Sch. ii, 102.—Colombia.

Note.—Is this species described ?

nigra Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. ii, 63, pl. 3, f. 7.—Brazil.

Gen. PARAGYMNOMMA. |

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. ii, 80. (1891).

diaphana B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 80.—Brazil.

hystrix B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 80.—Brazil.

Gen. TRIXA.

Meigen, Syst. Beschr. iv, 222. (1824).

ii, 98.—So. Amer. (Fab., Wd., Mcq.).

uncana Fab., Syst. Ant. 330 (Dictya). Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 277. Mcq., Hist. Nat.

Gen. MILTOGRAMMA.

Meigen, Illig. Mag. ii, 280. (1803).

unicolor Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 166, pl. 20, f. 9.—Brazil.

Gen. BOLBOCH ATA.

Bigot, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, 25 fév. (1885).

haustellata Big., Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, 25 fév.—Buenos Ayres.

Gen. TRICHODISCHIA.

Bigot, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, 25 fév. (1885).

cerulea Big., Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, 25 fév.— Buenos Ayres.

soror Big., 1. c.—Buenos Ayres.

Gen. MASICERA.

Mcq., Hist. Nat. ii, 118. (1835).

arcuatipennis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. v, 101.—Quito; Peru.

auriceps Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 59:—Brazil or Chili.

inclinans W1k., Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. n. s. iv, 199.—So. America.

insignis v. d. W., Notes Leyd. Mus. iv. 85. Amerik. Dipt. iii, 29.—Chili.

longiuscula Wlk., Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. n. s. iv, 198.—So. Amer.

nigricalyptrata Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. v. 100.—Amazon.

tenuiseta Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 164, pl. 15, f. 4.—Venezuela.

Gen. CRYPTOMEIGENIA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. ii, 7. (1891).

setifacies B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 7.—Brazil.

Gen. PSEUDOVIVIANA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. ii, 7. (1891).

platypoda B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 7.—Venezuela.

South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide. 17

Gen. MASIPHYA..

Br. Bgst., Musc. Schiz. ii, 9. (1891).

brasiliana B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 9.—Ypanema, Brazil.

Gen. ALSOPSYCHE.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. ii, 9. (1891).

nemoralis B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 9.—Venezuela.

Gen. PROSOPOCH TA.

Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 210. (1850).

nitidiventris Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 211, pl. 19, f. 5.—Chili.

Gen. CHRYSOTACHINA.

Br., Bgst. Muse. Schiz. i, 93. (1889).

reinwardtii Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 315 (Tachina). v.d.Wulp, Biol. C.-A. Dipt.

ii, 40 (Gymnocheta). B.B., Mus. Sch. i, 93; ii, 14.—Brazil (Wd.);

Guatemala (v. d. W.).

Gen. EXOPALPUS.

Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 176. (1850).

bicolor Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 177, pl. 16, f. 1.—Colombia.

Gen. SELENOMYIA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. ii, 57. (1891).

brevicornis Phil., B. B. Mus. Sch. ii, 57.—Chili (B. B.).

Gen. NEMOR ZA.

Rob., Desv. Myod. 71. (1830).

brasiliensis Sch., Novara, 329.—Brazil.

? ciligera R. Desv., Myod. 173 ( Winthemia) .—Brazil.

Note.—This may perhaps be an Exorista.

erythropyga v.d. W., Notes Leyd. Mus. iv, 83. Amerik. Dipt. iii, 28.—Chili.

pictipennis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 183, pl. 16, f. 7.—Colombia.

Gen. MYIOPHASIA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. ii, 58. (1891).

zenea Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 298 (Zachina). B.B., Mus. Sch. ii, 58.—Montevideo

(Wd.); Georgia (B. B.).

Gen. MASIPODA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. i, 94. (1889).

geminata B. B., Mus. Sch. i, 94; ii, 37.—Orizaba, Mexico; Brazil.

xanthocera W4d., Aus. Zw. ii, 329 (Tachina). B.B., Mus. Sch. ii, 98.—Brazil.

Awnnats N. Y. Acap. Sct., VII, Dec. 1892.—2

18 South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide.

Gen. APORIA.

Mceq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 168. (1846).

caudata Sch., Novara, 320.—So. America.

nitens Sch., Nov. 320.—So. Amer.

quadrimaculata Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 169, pl. 15, f. 7. Sch. Nov. 319.

B. B., Mus. Sch. i, 62, f. 222.—Colombia (Sch., Mcq.).

Gen. MICROTRICHODES.

Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 160. (1846).

analis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 161, pl. 14, f. 5.—Minas Geraes, Brazil.

Gen. LEPTOSTYLUM.

Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 207. (1850).

pulchellum Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 208, pl. 19, f. 2.—Bahia.

Gen. BEXORISTA.

Meigen, Illig. Mag. ii, 280. (1803).

brasiliensis R. D., Myod. 116 ( Olinda).—Brazil.

flaviventris Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 61 (Lydella).—Guiana.

longa Rdi., Dipt. Am. Aq. Oscul. (sep.) 10.—Rio Napo.

niveifacies Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 189, pl. 17, f. 7.—Bahia.

rubescens R. D., Myod. 117 ( Platymya).—Guaratuba, Brazil.

rufata Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1888, 257.—Para, Brazil; Mexico.

ruficornis Thoms., Eugen. Resa, 520.—Rio Janeiro.

rufilatera Rdi., Esap. ditt. (sep.) 9.— Venezuela.

Gen. PAREXORISTA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. i, 19. (1889).

inculta Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 330 ( Zachina). B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 19.—Brazil (Wd.).

optica Sch., Novara, 327 (£rorista). B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 19.—Brazil (Sch.).

Gen. HEMIMASICERA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz.i, 19. (1889).

? quadra Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 328 (Tachina). B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 96.—Brazil

(Wad.).

Gen. ACH AITONBEURA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. ii, 30. (1891).

lata Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 322 (Zachina). B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 30.—Montevideo

(Wd.).

Gen. PARALISPE.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. ii, 33. (1891).

brasiliana B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 33.—Brazil.

South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide. 19

Gen. PHOROCERA.

Rob., Desv. Myod. 131. (1830).

ciliata Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iii, 49, pl. 5, f. 9.—Colombia.

cirrata R. D., Myod. 138.—Brazil.

elongata R. D., Myod. 139 (Medina).—Guaratuba, Brazil.

elongata Rdi., Esame ditt. Brasil. (sep.) 15.—Brazil (Rdi.); ? Cayenne (Mcq.).

’Syn. Phorocera tenutseta Mcq. Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 166, pl. 14, f. 6.

Note.—If the latter is the same species, Macquart’s name should hold ;

but if not, some other name must be substituted for Rondani’s, which

is preoccupied.

Gen. PARADORIA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. ii, 35. (1891).

nigra B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 35.—Venezuela.

Gen. NEOMINTHO.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. ii, 35. (1891).

heros Sch., Novara, 325 (Phorocera). B.B., Mus. Sch. ii, 35.—Rio Janeiro

(Sch.).

macilenta Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 305 ( Tachina). Sch. Nov. 326 (Phorocera). B. B.,

Mus. Sch. ii, 35.—Brazil (Wd., Sch.).

Gen. FRONTINA.

Meigen, Syst. Beschr. vii, 247. (1838).

aurulenta Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1888, 84.—Brazil.

Gen. DEGEERIA.

Meigen, Syst. Beschr. vii, 249. (1838).

antarctica Thoms., Eugen. Resa, 527.—Patagonia.

brunisquamis R. D., Myod. 157 (Elophoria).—Brazil.

Gen. GNADOCH ATA.

Mcq., Dipt. Exot. Sup. iv, 227. (1850).

ccerulea Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 228, pl. 21, f. 7.—Minas Geraes, Brazil.

Gen. GYMNOSTYLIA.

Mcq., Hist. Nat. ii, 216. (1835).

analis R. D., Myod. 322 ( Macromya).—Brazil.

analis Mcq., Dipt. Exot. ii, 3, 88.—Guiana.

Note.—This name is preoccupied by R. Desv. It may be changed to G.

guianensis.

brasiliensis R. D., Myod. 324 (Harrisia).—Guaratuba, Brazil.

cilipes R. D., Myod. 325 (Leschenaultia). Meq. Hist. Nat. ii, 217. Dipt. Ex.

ii, 3, 89.—Surinam (Mcq., R. D.).

20 South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide.

cingulata Sch., Novara, 327 (Meigenia). 3B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 101.—Brazil

(Sch.).

depressa R. D., Myod. 322 (Macromya). Mcq., Hist. Nat. ii, 217.—Brazil

(R. D., Mcq.). ae

famelica Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 331 (Zachina). B.B., Mus. Sch. ii, 101—Brazil

(Wd.).

fasciata Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iii, 52, pl. 6, f. 3.—Brazil.

ornata Sch. litt. B. B., Mus. Sch. i, 60, f. 212; ii, 70.—Colombia; Venezuela

(BeBe): ;

scutellaris R. D., Myod. 324 (Harrisia). Mcq., Hist. Nat. ii, 217.—Brazil

(R. D., Meq.).

Gen. PHASIOPTERYX.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. i, 79. (1889).

depleta Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 298 (Yachina). B. B., Mus. Sch. i, 79.—Brazil

(Wd.).

Gen. MYIOMINTHO.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. i, 70. (1889).

elata B. B., Mus. Sch. i, 70.—Venezuela.

Gen. PSEUDOREDTENBACHERIA,

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. i, 70. (1889).

brasiliensis Sch., Novara, 323 (Redtenbacheria). B. B., Muse. Schiz. i, 70.—

Brazil (Sch.).

Gen. MYOBIA.

Rob. Desv., Myod. 99. (1830).

aurifrons Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 169, pl. 15, f. 8.—Venezuela.

brachyptera Thoms., Eugen. Resa, 527.—Rio Janeiro.

dasycnemis Thoms., Eugen. Resa, 525.—Galapagos.

diadema Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 382 (Dexia). v.d.W., Biol. C.-A. Dipt. ii, 137,

pl. 4, f. 2.—Brazil (Wd.); Mexico; Yucatan; Costa Rica (v. d. W.);

US. rotitale

flavipennis Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 380 (Dezia). v. da. W., Biol. C.-A. Dipt. ii, 138.

—Brazil (Wd.); Mexico (v. d. W.).

longicornis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 65, pl. 7, f. 3.—Brazil, or Chili.

Gen. GENEA.

Rdi., Esap. Ditt. (sep.) 10. (1850).

maculiventris Rdi., Esap. Ditt. (sep.) 11.—Venezuela.

South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide. 21

Gen. TELOTHYRIA.

v. d. Wulp., Biol. C.-A. Dipt. ii, 167. (1890).

brevipennis Sch., Novara, 324 (Miltogramma). B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 74.—

Brazil (Sch.).

Gen. RHINOMACQUARTIA.

Br. Bgst., Musc. Sch. ii, 76. (1891).

chztophora (Sch.) B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 77.—Brazil (B. B.).

Gen. ARGYROMIMA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. i, 72. (1889).

mirabilis B. B., Mus. Sch. i, 72, 102, f. 277.—So. America.

Gen. BESKIA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. i, 71. (1889).

-cornuta B. B., Mus. Sch. i, 71, 102, f. 276.—Brazil.

Gen. HY ADESIMYIA. .

Bigot, Mission Scien. du Cap Horn, Dipt. 26. (1888).

clausa Bigot, Miss. Cap Horn, Dipt. 27, pl. 3, f. 7.—Cape Horn.

sarcophagidea Big., Miss. Cap Horn, Dipt. 28, pl. 3, f. 8.—Cape Horn.

Gen. EHUCESTROPHASIA.

Towns., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xix. 133. (1892).

aperta B. B., Mus. Sch. i, 78 (Oestrophasia). Towns., Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. xix.

133.—So. Amer. (B. B.).

Gen. TRICHOPROSOPUS.

Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 70. (1843).

durvillei Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 71, pl. 8, f. 2.—Conception, Chili.

Fam. DEXIIDAE.

Gen. ACTINOCH ATA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. i, 69. (1889).

columbiz B. B., Mus. Sch. i, 69, 102.—Colombia; Venezuela (B. B.).

22 South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide.

Gen. VUROMYIA.

Rob. Desv., Myod. 215. (1830).

caudata Sch., B. B. Muse. Sch. ii, 139.—So. Amer.

Mute“ Wesenibed? B. B. indicate this species with a query as equal to

U. producta R. D.

nitens Sch., B. B. Mus. Sch. ii, 139.—So. Amer.

Note.—Described? B. B. indicate it with a query as equal to U. producta

R. D.

producta R. D., Myod. 216 (U.). Meq., Hist. Nat. ii, 168 (Sericocera).

B. B., Mus. Sch. i, 62. v.d.W., Biol. C.-A. Dipt. ii, 251, pl. 6, ff. 6,

6a.—Brazil (R. D., Mcq.); Centr. Am. (B. B.); Mexico (v. d. W.).

Gen. DASYUROMYIA.

- Bigot, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, 11 Mars. (1885).

penicillata Big., Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, 11 Mars.—Chili.

Gen. DEXIOSOMA.

Rdi., Dipt. Ital. Prod. i. (1856).

nigrum Mcq., B. B. Mus. Sch. ii, 112.—Brazil.

Note.—Is this species described ?

pyrrhoprocta Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 381 (Dezia). B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 112.—

Brazil.

Gen. EBENIA.

Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 171. (1846).

claripennis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 171, pl. 16, f. 2.—Brazil.

Gen. CHAITONA.

v. d. W., Biol. C.-A. Dipt. ii, 253. (1891).

icterica Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 321 (Tachina). B. B., Muse. Sch. ii, 74.—Brazil

(Wad.).

Note.—Br. and Bgst. refer Dexia icterica Wd. to Chetona (see Mus. Sch. ii,

74). There is no Dezia icterica Wd., that I know of. I therefore take

it that the authors mean Tachina icterica Wd.

longiseta Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 381 (Dexia). v.d. W., Biol. C.-A. Dipt. ii, 253,

pl. 6, ff. 8, 8a. B.B., Mus. Sch. ii, 74.—Brazil (Wd.); Costa Rica

(v. d. W.).

Gen. BUANTHA.

v. d. Wulp, Tijds. v. Ent. xxviii. 198. (1885).

aucta Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 377 (Dexia). v.d.W., Biol. C.-A. Dipt. ii, 248.

B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 101.—Brazil.

dives Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 377 (Dexia). B. B., Muse. Sch. ii, 101.—Kentucky

(Wd.); So. Amer. (B. B.).

Note.—The locality So. Amer., given by B. B., may be a typographical error.

South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide, 23

Gen. DEXIA.

Meigen, Syst. Beschr. v, 33. (1826).

? albicans WI1k., Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. n. s. iv, 204.—Valley of the Amazon.

angusta WIk., Dipt. Saund. 314.—Brazil.

basalis W1k., Dipt. Saund. 311.—So. Amer.

convexa W1lk., Dipt. Saund. 312.—Brazil.

dorsalis Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 308.—So. Amer.

extrema W1lk., Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. n. s. iv, 203.—Valley of the Amazon.

gortys WIk., List, 839.—Brazil.

insolita Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 318.—Brazil.

limbata Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 371.—Brazil.

longa WIlk., Dipt. Saund. 311.—So. Amer.

muscaria W1k., Dipt. Saund. 308.—Brazil.

obscura WIk., Dipt. Saund. 307.—Brazil.

parvicornis v. d. W., Amerik. Dipt. iii, 33, pl. 2, ff. 7, 8.— Argentine Rep.

pica Fab., Syst. Ant. 293 (Musca). Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 371.—So. Amer. (Fab.,

Wad.). .

plana Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 315.—Brazil. |

-quadrimaculata Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 319.—Brazil.

randa WIk., List, 852.—Brazil.

semipicta Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 316.—Amazon River.

sermyla Wlk., List, 850.—Brazil.

tenuicornis v. d. W., Amerik. Dipt. iii, 32, pl. 2, ff. 5, 6.—Argentine Rep.

Gen. PTILODEXIA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. i, 51. (1889).

rubriventris Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 188, pl. 20, f. 10 (Dexia). 3B. B., Mus.

Sch. i, 51 (Clinoneura). B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 1138.—Venezuela (B. B.);

Merida, Yucatan (Mcq.).

Gen. SARDIOCERA.,

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. i, 51. (1889).

rutilans Fab., Sp. Ins. ii, 436. Mant. Ins. ii, 342. Ent. Syst. iv, 314. Syst.

Ant. 287 (Musca). Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 392 (do.). B.B., Mus. Sch. ii,

113.—So. Amer. (Wd.); Is. Am. (Fab.).

Gen. TRICHODURA.

Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 91. (1848).

anceps Fab., Syst. Ant. 296 (Musca). Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 372 (Dexia). Mcq.,

‘Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 91, pl. 11, f. 1. v.d. W., Tijds. voor. Ent. xxviii, 194,

pl. 6, ff. 5, 6, 7,8. B. B., Mus. Sch. i, 52.—So. Amer. (Fab., Wd.,

Mcq.); Brazil (B. B.); Surinam (v. d. W.).

recta Sch., Novara, 320.—So. Amer.

vidua Sch., Novara, 321.—Brazil.

24 South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide.

Gen. HYSTRICHODEXIA.

v. Roder, Dipt. Ges. S. A. Al. Sttibel. (sep.) 12. (1886).

armata v. Réd., Dipt. Ges. S. A. 12 (sep.), pl., ff. 3, 3a, 3b.—Ecuador.

Gen. BUDEXIA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. i, 52. (1889).

goliath Br. Best., Muse. Sch. i, 52, 99.—So. Amer.; Venezuela.

nemorina Sch. litt. B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 113.—Brazil.

Note.—Is this species described ?

Gen. MELANOPHORA.

Meig., Illig. Mag. ii, 279. (1803).

americana Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 72, pl. 8, f. 4.—Brazil, or Chili.

Gen. PROSENA.

St. Farg. and Serv., Encycl. Méth. x, 500. (1825).

brevicornis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 230.—Bahia.

longipalpis v. d. W., Amerik. Dipt. iii, 30, pl. 2, ff. 1, 2.—Argentine Rep.

longitarsis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 92, pl. 11, f. 2.—Bogota.

sarcophagina v.d. W., Amerik. Dipt. iii, 31, pl. 2, ff. 3, 4.— Argentine Rep.

Gen. MYIOMIMA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. i, 51. (1889).

braziliana B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 60.—Brazil.

crassa Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 387 (Ausca). B.B., Mus. Sch. ii, 139.—Brazil (Wd.).

Gen. PROSENOIDES.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. ii, 66. (1891).

papilio Sch. litt. (Prosena) B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 66.—Brazil (B. B.).

Gen. SCOTIPTERA.

Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 83. (1843).

filipes R. D., Myod. 318 (Sophia).—Brazil.

gagatea R. D., Myod. 318 (Sophia).—Brazil.

melaleuca Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 369 (Dexia). Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 83, pl. 9, f. 1.

Perty, Delect. An. Brasil. 186, pl. 37, f. 7. v.d.W., Biol. C.-A. Dipt.

ii, 224, pl. 5, ff.5,5a. B.B., Mus. Sch. i, 58, f. 204.—Rio Janeiro (Wd.);

Sebastianopolis (Pty.); Brazil (Mcq.); Panama; Guatemala (v.d. W.).

South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide. 25

punctata R. D., Myod. 318 (Sophia). Mcq., Hist. Nat. ii, 215.—Brazil (R. D.,

Mcq.).

Note.—Mcq. (Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 83) says this is perhaps the same species as

Scotiptera (Dexia) melaleuca Wad., and S. vittata Guérin. Mr. v.d. Wulp

(Biol. C.-A. Dipt. ii, 224) gives it as a synonym of S. melaleuca, with a

query.

Gen. MEGISTOGASTER.

Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 211. (1850).

analis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 214.—Amazon.

Gen, CORDYLIGASTER.

Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 90. (1843).

petiolatus Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 374 (Dezia). Wik., List, 851 (do.). Meq., Dipt.

Ex. ii, 3, 90, pl. 10, f. 6. Rdi., Esame Ditt. Brazil. (sep.) 16. Sch.,

Novara, 322. v.d. W., Tijds. v. Ent. xxviii, 192, pl. 6, ff. 1, 2, 3, 4.

B. B., Mus. Sch. i, 61.—So. Amer. (Sch.); Brazil (Wd., Wlk., Mcq.,

Rdi.); ?Java (Mcq.).

tipuliformis Wlk., Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. n. s. iv, 205.—So. Amer.

Gen. PACH YGRAPHIA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. ii, 75. (1891).

fervens Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 383 (Dexia). B.B., Mus. Sch. ii, 75.—So. Amer.

(Wd.); Brazil (B. B.). .

virgata Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 382 (Dezia). B. B., Muse. Sch. ii, 75.—Brazil (Wd.).

Gen. LEPIDODEXIA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. ii, 75. (1891).

tetraptera (Sch.) B. B. Mus. Sch. ii, 75.—Venezuela.

Gen. XANTHODEXIA.

v. d. Wulp, Biol. C.-A. Dipt. ii, 256. (1891).

sericea Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 316 (Tachina). v.d.W., Biol. C.-A. Dipt. ii, 256,

pl. 6, ff. 11, lla, 11b. B.3B., Mus. Sch. ii, 73.—Brazil (Wd.); Mexico

(v. d. W.).

Gen. CALODEXIA.

v.d. Wulp, Biol. C.-A. Dipt. ii, 257. (1891).

flavipes Sch., Novara, 326 (Meigenia). B.B., Mus. Sch. ii, 72.—Brazil (Sch.).

26 South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide.

Gen. MINTHODEXIA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. ii, 72. (1891).

flavicornis B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 72.—Venezuela.

gravipes B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 72.—Venezuela.

Gen. PSEUDODEXIA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Sch. ii, 74. (1891).

eques Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 378 (Dezia). B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 74.—Brazil (Wd.).

Gen. LEPTODA.

v. d. Wulp, Tijds. v. Ent. xxviii, 196. (1885).

bicolor Fab., Syst. Ant. 291 (Musca). Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 392 (do.). B.B.,

Mus. Sch. ii, 102.—So. Amer. (Fab., Wd.).

filipes Wlk., Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. n. s. iv, 202 (Dezia). B.B., Mus. Sch. ii,

102.—Valley of the Amazon.

longipes Fab., Syst. Ant. 298. Mant. Ins. ii, 348 (Musca). Wd., Aus. Zw.

ii, 379 (Dexia). B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 102.—So. Amer. (Fab., Wd.);

Cayenne (Fab., Mant. Ins.).

pellucida R. D., Myod. 318 (Sophia). Meq., Hist. Nat. ii, 215 (Scotiptera).

B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 102.—Brazil (R. D., Meq.).

phzoptera Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 370 (Dexia). B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 102.—Brazil

(Wd.).

plumosa W4d., Aus. Zw. ii, 370 (Dexia). Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iii, 53 (do.).

Big., Sagra, 815 (do.). B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 102.—Brazil (Wd.); Rio

Negro (Mcq.): Cuba (Big.).

potens Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 368 (Dexia). B.B., Mus. Sch. ii, 102.—Brazil (Wd.).

Gen. GONATORRHINA.

v. Réder, Dipt. Ges. S. A. Al. Stiibel (sep.) 10. (1886).

paramonensis v. Rod. Dipt. (res. 8. A. (sep.) 10, pl., ff. 2, 2a, 2b.—Paramo, |

Colombia.

Gen. STOMATODEXIA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. i, 57. (1889).

bibens Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 249 (Stomorys). B.B., Mus. Sch. ii, 105.—Brazil

(Wd.).

cothurnata Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 249 (Stomoxys). v.d.W., Biol. C.-A. Dipt. ii,

239. B.B., Mus. Sch. i, 57, f. 195.—Brazil (Wd.); Mexico (Big., v. d.

W.). :

Syn. Prosena maculifera Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1888, 264.

famelica Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 250 (Stomorys). 3B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 102.—Brazil

(Wd.).

South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide. 27

Gen. SPATHIPALPUS.

Rdi., Dipt. Exot. (sep.) 20. (1863).

flavifrons Rdi., Dipt. Exot. (sep.) 21.—Valdivia.

longipalpis v. d. W., Biol. C.-A. Dipt. ii, 188 (Myodia). B. B., Mus. Sch. ii,

102.—Bahia (B. B.); Mexico (v. d. W.).

philippii Rdi., Dipt. Exot. (sep.) 21. B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 69.—Valdivia

(Rdi.); Bahia (B. B.).

Fam. SARCOPHAGIDAE.

Gen. TOXOTARSUS.

Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 238. (1850).

rufipalpis Meq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 238, pl. 22, f. 3.—Chili.

Gen. DIAUGIA.

Perty, Delect. An. Brasil. 187. (1830-4).

angusta Perty, Delect. An. Bras. 187, pl. 37, f. 9. Mceq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 109.

—Minas (Pty.); Brazil (Mcq.).

Note.—Mr. v. d. Wulp (Biol. C.-A. Dipt. ii, 250) expresses the opinion that

this genus may be closely allied to Leptoda. As Perty states, however,

that it is allied to Sarcophaga, I have included it in the Sarcophagide.

Gen. AGRIA.

Rob. Desv., Myod. 376. (1830).

fuscipennis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3,109. Bigot, Mission du Cap Horn, Dipt. 26.

—Brazil, or Chili (Mcq.); Chili (Big.).

Gen. CYNOMYIA.

Rob. Desv., Myod. 363. (1830).

auriceps WIk., Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. n. s. iv, 209.—Quito.

desvoidyi Jen., N. Ex. Dipt. 378.—Chili.

fuscipennis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 110.—Brazil, or Chili.

splendens Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 231 (Phrissopoda). Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 96,

pl. 11, f.3(do.). Blanch. in Gay, Hist. Chili, vii, 427, pl. 5, f. 3 (do.).

v.d. W., Amerik. Dipt. iii, 34 (do.). Notes Leyd. Mus. iv, 87 (do.).

B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 110.—Cobija, Bolivia; Chili; Africa (Mcq.); Chili

(v.d. W., Blanch.).

Gen. ONESIA.

Rob. Desv., Myod. 365. (1830).

americana Sch., Novara, 311.—Chili.

bivittata Jeen., Neue Ex. Dipt. 378.—Chili.

muscaria Jen., Neue Ex. Dipt. 378.—Chili.

28 _ South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide.

Gen. TRIPANURGA.

Sch. litt. Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. ii, 63. (1891).

albicans Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 363 (Sarcophaga). B.B., Mus. Sch. ii, 63.—Brazil

(Wd.).

bicolor (Sch.) B. B. Mus. Sch. ii, 63.—Brazil. ’

dimidiata Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 360 (Sarcophaga). B.B., Muse. Sch. ii, 63.—

Brazil (Wd.).

Gen. TRICHARZA.

Thoms., Dipt. Eugen. Resa, 541. (1868).

scatophagina Thoms., Eugen. Resa, 541.—Rio Janeiro.

Gen. SAROTHROMYIA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. ii, 61. (1891).

femoralis Sch., Novara, 315 (Sarcophila). B.B., Mus. Sch. ii, 61.—Brazil .

(Sch.).. on

Gen. SARCONESIA.

Bigot, An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 3 ser., v. (1857).

chlorogaster W4., Aus. Zw. ii, 359 (Sarcophaga). Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 110

(Onesia). v.d. W., Notes Leyd. Mus. iv. 87 (Sarcophaga). Amerik.

Dipt. iii, 35 (do.). Bigot, An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 3 ser., v. 301, pl. 7, f. 5.

B. B., Mus. Sch. i, 54.—Montevideo; La Plata (Wd.); Chili; Argentine

Rep. (v. d. W.).

Gen. SARCOPHAGA.

Meig., Syst. Beschr. v, 14. (1826).

advena WIk., Dipt. Saund. 324.—Brazil.

amorosa Sch., Novara, 314.—Brazil.

aureiceps Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. v, 108.—So. Amer.

aurifinis Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 325.—Brazil.

aurifrons R. D., Myod. 383 (Gesneria).—Cayenne.

bifrons Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 327.—So. Amer.

brasiliensis R. D., Myod. 338 (Myophora).—Goyaz, Brazil.

? calida Wd., W1k. Dipt. Saund. 326.—Colombia.

cayennensis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 105.—Cayenne.

chilensis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 104, pl. 11,f.6. Blanch. in Gay, Hist. Chili,

vii, 429. v.d. W., Notes Leyd. Mus. iv. 88. Amerik. Dipt. iii, 36.—

Chili (Mcq., Blanch., v. d. W.).

chrysella R. D., Myod. 339 (Myophora). Rdi., Dipt. Am. Mer. Str. (sep.) 3.

—Brazil (R. D.); Bahia (Rdi.).

tie uate in gd re A Ne

South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide. 29

chrysostoma W4d., Aus. Zw. ii, 356. Sch., Novara, 313. v.d.W., Amerik.

Dipt. iii, 36.—Brazil (Wd., Sch.); Bahia (v. d. W.); W. Indies (0. 8.

Cat.).

chrysotelus Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 329.—So. Amer.

chrysura Rdi., Dipt. Exot. (sep.) 25.—So. Amer.

circumcisa Rdi., Esame Ditt. Brasil. (sep.) 16.—Brazil.

cognata WIk., Dipt. Saund. 325.—So. Amer.

comta Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 365.—Brazil.

contermina Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 327.—Brazil.

cruenta Mcq., B. B. Mus. Sch. ii, 110.—Brazil.

Note.—Is this described ?

decedens WIk., Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. n. s. iv, 207.—Colombia.

dichroa Sch., Novara, 313.—Chili.

diversimaculata Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iii, 54, pl. 6, f. 4.—Brazil.

flaveola R. D., Myod. 339 (Myophora).—Guaratuba, Brazil.

flaviceps Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 103, pl. 13, f. 3.—Brazil.

flavicostata Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 104, pl. 13, f. 4.—Conception, Chili.

flavifrons Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i,191. Blanch. in Gay, Hist. Chili, vii, 428,

pl.5,f.4. v.d.W., Amer. Dipt. iii, 37.—Brazil (Mcq.); Chili (Blanch.);

Argentine Rep. (v. d. W.).

fulvivitta Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 326.—So. Amer.

griseoflavescens R. D., Myod. 383 (Gesneria).—Cayenne.

hirtipes Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 321.--Colombia.

humboldti R. D., Myod. 338 (Myophora).—Peru.

injuncta WIk., Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. n. s. iv, 208.—Brazil.

inoa WIk., List, 832.—Galapagos.

jejuna WI1k., List, 811.—Venezuela.

lambens Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 365.—Sao Paulo (Wd.); W. Indies (O. S. Cat.).

modesta Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 363.—Brazil.

nobilis Thoms., Eugen. Resa, 536.—Montevideo; Buenos Ayres.

notata Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. v, 108.—So. Amer.

nurus Rdi., Dipt. Am. Merid. Strobel (sep ) 3.—Buenos Ayres ; Europe (Rdi.).

Syn. S. hemorrhoidalis Meig. (non Fall.).

obtusifrons Thoms., Eugen. Resa, 536.—Galapagos.

occipitalis Thoms., Eugen. Resa, 532.—Callao.

opima Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 364.—Brazil.

oralis Rdi., Dipt. Am. Merid. Strob. (sep.) 3.—Bahia.

ortogesa WIk., List, 834.—Chili.

parva W1k., Dipt. Saund. 321.—Para.

philippii Rdi., Dipt. Exot. (sep.) 24.—Valdivia.

phoenicurus Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 365.—Brazil.

pigmea Rdi., Dipt. Am. Aig. Oscul.—Rio Napo.

plinthopyga Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 360. WIk., Lin. Trans. xvii, 352. List, 820.—

Brazil; Demerara; Jamaica; Nova Scotia (Wlk.); St. Thomas (Wd.).

proerna Wlk., List, 835.—Montevideo.

pudica Rdi., Esap. Ditt. (sep.) 12.—Is. Brazil.

30 South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide.

? punctipennis W1k., Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. n. s. iv, 208.—Colombia.

quadrivittata Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 102, pl. 12, f.4. v.d.W., Amerik. Dipt.

ili, 36.—Brazil (Mcq.); Argentine Rep. (v. d. W.).

rubrianalis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 235.—Chili.

rubriventris Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 235.—Corrientes, Brazil.

ruficrura Rdi., Dipt. Exot. 25 (sep.).—Equatorial Amer.

rufipalpis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3,102. v.d. W., Notes Leyd. Mus. iv, 88.

Amerik. Dipt. iii, 36.—Brazil (Mcq.); Curacao (v.d. W.).

rufipes Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 103.—Chili.

rufiventris Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 362.—Brazil.

spinigena Rdi., Dipt. Exot. (sep.) 26.—Valdivia.

subsericans WIk., Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. n. s. iv, 207.—So. Amer.

taitensis Sch., Novara, 314. v.d.W., Amerik. Dipt. iii, 36.—Tahiti (Sch.).

Bahia; Guadeloupe (v. d. W.).

tessellata Fab., Syst. Ant. 285 (Musca). Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 363.—Brazil

(Wd.); So. Amer. (Fab.).

truncata Sch., Novara, 314.—Chili.

varipes Rdi., Dipt. Am. Aig. Oscul. (sep.) 10.—Rio Napo.

violenta W1Ik., List, 826.—Galapagos.

xanthophora Sch., Novara, 313.—So. Amer.

Gen. SARCOPHAGULA.

v. d. Wulp, Tijds. v. Ent. xxx, 174. (1887).

amata Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 367 (Sarcophaga). v.d. W., Tijds. v. Ent. xxx, 174.

—So. Amer. (Wd.).

brevispina Thoms., Eugen. Resa, 539 (Sarcophaga). v.d.W., Tijds. v. Ent.

xxx, 174.—Rio Janeiro (Thoms.).

calida Wa., Aus. Zw. ii, 366 (Sarcophaga). v.d. W., Tijds. v. Ent. xxx, 174,

—Brazil (Wad.).

canescens Thoms., Eugen. Resa, 539 (Sarcophaga). v.d. W., Tijds. v. Ent;

xxx, 174.—Rio Janeiro (Thoms.). .

despecta Thoms., Eugen. Resa, 540 (Sarcophaga). v.d. W., Tijds. v. Ent.

xxx, 174.—Panama; Puna (Thoms.); So. Amer. (v. d. W.).

genalis Thoms., Eugen. Resa, 539 (Sarcophaga). v.d. W., Tijds. v. Ent.

xxx, 174.—Brazil (Wd., Thoms.).

Syn. Sarcophaga parvula Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 368.

Note.—B. B. (Muse. Sch. ii, 110) recognize S. parvula and S. genalis as

distinct.

obsoleta Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 367 (Sarcophaga). v.d.W., Tijds. v. Ent. xxx,

174.—W. Indies (Wd.); So. Amer. (v. d. W.)

occidua Fab., Ent. Syst. iv, 315. Syst. Ant. 288 (Sarcophaga). Wd., Aus.

Zw. ii, 368 (do.). v.d. W., Amerik. Dipt. iii, 37 (do.). v.d. W., Tijds.

vy. Ent. xxx, 174.—Argentine Rep. (v. d. W.); W. I. (Wd.).

pallicrus Thoms., Eugen. Resa (Sarcophaga).—So. Amer.

a a

South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide. 31

sugens Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 367 (Sarcophaga). v.d. W., Tijds. v. Ent. xxx,

174.—Brazil (Wd.). .

surinamensis Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 366 (Sarcophaga). v.d. W., Tijds. v. Ent.

xxx, 174.—Surinam (Wa.).

terminalis Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 366 (Sarcophaga). v. d.W., Tijds. v. Ent. xxx,

174.—Brazil (Wd.).

Gen. PTILOZEUXIA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. i, 55. (1889).

brevicornis Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 299 (Zachina). B.B., Musc. Sch. iii, 111.—

Montevideo (Wd.).

Gen. PHRISSOPODA.

Mcq., Hist. Nat. Dipt. ii, 222. (1835).

brullei Mcq., Hist. Nat. ii, 223.—So. Amer.

maculata Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 97, pl. 11, f. 4.—Cayenne.

preceps W4d., Aus. Zw. ii, 355 (Sarcophaga). B. B., Mus. Sch. i, 56.—So.

Amer. (B. B.).

splendens Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 96, pl. 11, f. 3.—Africa; ? Chili.

Gen. MICROCERELLA.

Meq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 236. (1850).

rufomaculata Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 236, pl. 22, f. 1.—Chili.

sarcophagina Thoms., Eugen. Resa, 541.—Valparaiso.

steindachneri B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 85.—Galapagos Is.

_ Fam. MUSCIDAE.

Gen. STOMOXYS.

Geoffroy, Hist. des Insectes, i. (1764).

calcitrans Lin., Fab., Meig., Harris, et al., R. Desv. Myod. 386.—Brazil

BeCRe De).

geniculata Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 192.—Brazil.

morio Fab., Ent. Syst. iv, 393. Syst. Ant. 279. Mant. Ins. ii, 362. Syst.

Ent. 797.—Brazil.

nebulosa Fab., Syst. Ant. 282. Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 252.—So. America. (Wd.);

Is. So. Amer. (Fab.).

sugillatrix R. D., Myod. 386.—Brazil.

trifaria Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 250. Anal. Ent. 41.—So. Amer.

variegata Fab., Syst. Ant. 281. Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 251.—So. Amer. (Fab.,

Wa.). ;

32 South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide.

Gen. PACHYMYIA.

Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3,115. (1843).

crassa Wd., B. B. Mus. Sch. ii, 113 (Chetogyne).—Brazil.

Note.—Is this Musca crassa Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 387?

vexans Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 248 (Stomoxys). Mcq., Hist. Nat. ii, 208 (Prosena).

B. B., Mus. Sch. i, 57 (Chetogyne). Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 115, pl. 14,

f. 3.—Sao Paulo, Brazil (Wd., Mcq.).

Gen. MYIOSPILA.

Rdi., Dipt. Ital. Prod. i, 91. (1856).

cyanea Mcq., B. B., Muse. Sch. i, 139.—Chili.

Note.—Is this species described ?

Gen. GRAPHOMYIA.

Rob., Desv. Myod. 403. (1830).

americana Sch., Novara, 304.—So. America.

Note.—The name is preoccupied by R. D. for a N. Am. species. If the two

species are finally relegated to the same genus, the present one may be

known as G. meridionalis.

chilensis Big., Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. xii, 616.—Chili.

: Gen. MUSCA.

Linn., Fauna Suecica, 439. (1763).

acromion Wd., Anal. Ent.47. Aus. Zw. ii, 412.—So. America.

annulata Fab., Mant. Ins. ii, 348.—Cayenne.

aurulans R. D., Myod. 397.—Brazil.

basilaris Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 153. WH1k., List, 901.—Brazil (Mcq.); Jamaica

(Wlk.).

caruca WIk., List, 877.—Chili.

chilensis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 154, pl. 20, f. 6.—Chili.

concolor WIk., Dipt. Saund. 333.—So. Amer.

consanguinea Rdi., Esame Ditt. Brasil. (sep.) 18. Dipt. Am. Merid. Strobel

(sep.) 4.—Brazil; Buenos Ayres; Patagonia.

Note.—This is perhaps a var. of I. domestica.

costalis Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 344.—So. Amer.

dilecta Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 419.—Brazil.

Note.—Br. and Bgst. say (Musc. Schiz. ii, 72) that this species is very

likely the same as Zosteromyia cingulata Mcq., from Tasmania.

domestica Lin., Fab., Meig., R. Desv., et al. Sch., Novara, 306. Rdi., Dipt.

Am. Merid. Strobel (sep.) 3. v.d. W. Amerik. Dipt. iii, 37.—So. Amer.

?(Sch.); Buenos Ayres; Patagonia (Rdi.); Chili (Mcq.); Argentine

Rep. (v. d. W.); N. Amer.; Europe (auct.).

Var. aurifacies R. D.; campestris R. D.; vicina Meq. (Rdi. 1. c.)

Syn. M. analis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 154, pl. 21, f. 2.

South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide. 33

? equestris Fab., Syst. Ent. 782.—Brazil.

fasciata W1k., Dipt. Saund. 337.—Brazil.

fulvescens R. D., Myod. 397.—Cayenne.

gamelia W1k., List, 878.—Montevideo.

gibba Fab., Syst. Ant. 297.—So. Amer.

incerta Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 334.—Colombia.

lateralis Fab., Syst. Ant. 286. Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 394.—So. Amer. (Fab.,Wd.).

lyrcea WIk., List, 873.—Montevideo.

mactans Fab., Ent. Syst. iv, 321. Mant. Ins. ii, 344. Syst. Ant. 295.—

Cayenne.

pampasiana Big., Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. xxii, 607.—Buenos Ayres.

phauda WIK., List, 896.—Galapagos.

pionia WIk., List, 880.—Galapagos.

purpurascens W1lk., Lin. Trans. xvii, 355. List, 889.—St. Catharine, Brazil.

purpurea Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 337.—So. Amer.

rufiventris Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 200, pl. 17, 8.—Brazil.

semiatra Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 421.—Brazil.

stipata Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 348.—Demerara.

stomoxidea R. D., Myod. 396.—Brazil.

suffusa W1k., Dipt. Saund. 336.—Brazil.

venatoria Fab., Syst. Ant. 285. Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 391.—So. Amer. (Fab.,

Wa.).

verena W1k., List, 874.—Venezuela.

Gen. PHASIOPHANA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. ii, 86. (1891).

obsoleta Wd. litt. (Musca). B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 86.—Brazil (B. B.).

Gen. CYRTONEURA.

Mcq., Hist. Nat. ii, 274. (1835).

bipunctata Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 417 (Musca). B.B., Mus. Sch. ii, 115.—Brazil

(Wa.).

brevis Sch., Novara, 303.—So. America.

cyanea Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 157, pl. 21, f. 6.—Conception, Chili.

_ cylindrica Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 200, pl. 17, f. 12.—Brazil.

lindigii Sch., Novara, 298 (Anthomyia). 3B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 115.—So. Amer.

'(Sch.).

maculipennata Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 252, pl. 23, f. 7 (Pyrellia). Sch.,

Novara, 304 (do.). B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 115.—So. Amer. ; Colombia

(Sch.); Brazil (Mcq., Sch.).

nudiseta v. d. W., Amerik. Dipt. iii, 42.—Argentine Rep.

pictipennis Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1878, 39.—Brazil.

scutellaris Fab., Syst. Ant. 293 (Musca). Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 410 (do.).

B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 115.—So. Amer. (Fab., Wd.).

Annats N. Y. Acap. Scr., VII, Dec. 1892.—3

34 South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide.

stabulans Fall., Meig. Ztt. (Musca). Mcq., Hist. Nat. ii, 277. Sch., Dipt.

Austr. i, 597. Blanch. in Gay. Hist. Chili, vii, 437. v.d. W., Notes

Leyd. Mus. iv, 89. Amerik. Dipt. iii, 41.—Chili (Mcq., Blanch., v. d.

W.); Eu. and No. Amer. (O. 8.); Auckland (Sch.); Australia (Meq.).

Syn. Anthomyia cinerascens Wd., Zool. Mag. i, 1, 79.

Cyrtoneura vicina Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 157, pl. 21, f. 7.

violacea Fab., Syst. Ant. 288 (Musca). Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 409 (do.). B. B.,

Mus. Sch. ii, 115.—Brazil (Wd.); So. Amer. (Fab.).

Gen. IDIA.

Meig., Syst. Beschr. v, 9. (1826).

americana Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 193.—Colombia.

Gen. RHYNCHOMYIA.

Rob. Desv., Myod. 424. (1830).

fasciata Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 194.—Colombia.

Gen. MESEMBRINA

Meigen, Syst. Beschr. v, 10. (1826).

zeneiventris Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 376 (Dexia). B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 115.—

Brazil (Wd.).

quadrilineata Fab., Syst. Ant. 286 (Musca). Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 347. Perty,

Delect. An. Brasil. 186, pl. 37, f. 6.—Brazil (Wd.); So. Amer. (Fab.);

Sebastianopolis (Pty.).

Gen. PARALUCILIA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Schiz. ii, 87. (1891).

fulvipes Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 132, pl. 16, f. 3 (Calliphora). Sch., Novara, 309

(do.).. Rdi., Dipt. Am. Merid. Strobel (sep.) 3 (Somomyia). B.B., Mus.

Sch. ii, 87.—Chili (Meq., Sch.); Buenos Ayres; Mendoza; Concordia

(Rdi.).

Gen. LUCILIA.

Rob. Desv., Myod. 452. (1830).

curvipes Thoms., Eugen. Resa, 544.—Rio Janeiro.

durvillei Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 142, pl. 20, f. 3.—Payta, Peru.

elegans Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. v, 112.—So. Amer.

eximia W4d., Aus. Zw. ii, 399 (Musca). v.d. W., Amerik. Dipt. iii, 39.—

Brazil (Wd.); Argentine (v. d. W.).

fernandica Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. v, 112, pl. 6, f. 9.—Fernando.

fulvicornis R. D., Myod. 462.—Brazil.

fuscanipennis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 250, pl. 23, f. 5.—Bahia.

incisuralis Mcg., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 147, pl. 20, f. 2.—Braail.

South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide. 39

luteicornis Jen., Neue Ex. Dipt. 375.—Venezuela.

marginata Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 147.—Brazil, or Chili.

nigrofasciata Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. v, 112, pl. 6, f. 8.—Fernando.

nubipennis Rdi., Esame Ditt. Brasil. (sep.) 17.—Brazil (Wd., Rdi.).

| Syn. Musca segmentaria Wd. (non Fab.), Aus. Zw. ii, 40.

2. 5g ae Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 408 (Musca). Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 149, pl. 20,

5 (Pyrellia). Bigot, Sagra, 821 (do.). B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 116.—

ae (Wd., Mcq.); Cuba (Mcq., Big.).

parensis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 142, pl. 18, f. 5. —ParA.

peruviana R. D., Myod. 455.—Peru.

picicrus iiivonae Eugen. Resa, 543.—Panama.

porticola Thoms., Eugen. Resa, 544.—Callao.

princeps Rdi., Esame Ditt. Brasil. (sep.) 17.—Brazil.

punctipennis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Supl. iii, 56.—Brazil.

putrida Fab., Syst. Ent. 775. Ent. Syst. iv, 316. Mant. Ins. ii, 343. Syst.

Ant. 288 (Musca). Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 404 (do.). Jen., Neue Ex. Dipt.

4(sep.). B.B., Mus. Sch. ii, 116.—Is. Amer. (Fab.); So. Amer. (Wd.);

Cuba (Jen.).

quadrisignata Thoms., Eugen. Resa, 544.—Galapagos.

ruficornis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 198. Sch., Novara, 304. Bigot, Sagra, 821.

—Chili (Sch.); Colombia (Mcq.); Cuba (Big.).

segmentaria Fab., Syst. Ant. 292 (Musca). B. B., Mus. Sch. ii, 116.—So.

Amer. (Fab. ).

smaragdula R. D., Myod. 462. ale

subrectineuris eG: , Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 250.—Minas-Geraes, Brazil.

varipalpis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 141, pl. 19, f. 3.—Brazil.

Gen. COMPSOMYIA.

Rdi., An. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova vii. 9. (1875).

-macellaria Fab., Syst. Ent. 776. Ent. Syst. iv, 319. Mant. Ins. ii, 344.

Syst. Ant. 292 (Musca). Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 405 (do.). Mcq., Dipt. Ex.

ii, 3, 147, pl. 17, f. 9 (Luctlia). E. Lynch-Arribalz., An. Soc. Cien.

Agent. x, 71. v.d. W., Amerik. Dipt. iii, 38. See Willist., Albatross

Explor., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii, 203-4, for extensive synonymy which

I have not recognized in this catalogue.—Brazil (Wd., Meq.); Is. Amer.

(Fab.); Argentine Rep.; Guadeloupe (v.d. W.); Cuba (Mcq.); United

States.

Note.—B. B. (Mus. Sch. ii, 116) apparently do not recognize this genus,

but refer the species to Calliphora.

Gen. METALLICOMYIA.

v. Réder, Dipt. Ges. S. A. Al. Sttibel (sep.) 13. (1886).

elegans v. Rid., Dipt. Ges. 8. A. (sep.) 13, pl., ff. 4, 4a.—Ecuador.

36 South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide.

Gen. BLEPHARICNEMA.

Mcq. Dipt. Ex. ii, 3,126. (1843).

splendens Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 127, pl. 15, f.5. Sch., Novara, 312. v. Réd.

Dipt. Ges. S. A. Al. Stiibel, (sep.) 13. B. B., Mus. Sch. i, 54.—So.

Amer. (Sch.); Ecuador (v. Réd.); Venezuela (B. B.).

Gen. CALLIPHORA.

Rob. Desv., Myod. 433. (1830).

anthropophaga Conil, Act. Ac. N. C. Ex. iii, 41.—So. Amer.

fuscipennis Jen., Neue Ex. Dipt. 376.—Brazil. .

gulo Fab., Syst. Ant. 283 (Musca). Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 384 (do.). Meq., Hist.

Nat. ii, 263.—So. Amer. (Fab.).

infesta Philippi, Zeitschr. Ges. Naturw. xvii, 513.—Chili.

magellanica Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 131.—Str. Magellan.

nigribasis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 242.—Colombia.

peruviana R. D., Myod. 438. Mcq. Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 131, pl. 16, f. 9.—Peru

Gi. Di);

peruviana Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 243, pl. 22, f. 9.—Payta, Peru.

Note.—The name is preoccupied, and may be changed to C. paytensis.

phacoptera v. da. W., Notes Leyd. Mus. iv, 88. Amerik. Dipt. iii, 40.—Chili.

semiatra Sch., Novara, 308. v. Réd., Dipt. Ges. S. A. Al. Stiibel (sep.), 15.—

Colombia (Sch.); Paramo, Colomb. (v. Réd.).

tibialis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 242.—Rio Janeiro.

vomitoria Lin., Fab., Meig., et al. (Musca). Mcq., Dipt. Ex. iii, 3, 127.—

Guiana (Mcq.); Eu. and No. Amer.

Gen. CHRYSOMYIA.

Rob. Desv., Myod. 444. (1830).

affinis R. D., Myod., 445.—Brazil.

fulvicrura R. D., Myod., 446.—Montevideo.

hyacinthina R. D. , Myod., 450. Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3. 148, pl. 17, f. @ Cuatiays

—so. Amer. (R. D.); No. Amer. (Mcq.).

hyacinthina R. D., Myod., 462.—Brazil.

Note.—The name is preoccupied. It may be called C. brasiliensis.

idioidea R. D., Myod., 445. Mcq., Hist. Nat. ii, 251 (Lucilia).—Brazil (Meq.,

Re D.).

lepida R. D., Myod., 448.—Brazil.

socia R. D., Myod., 447.—Brazil.

viridula R. D., Myod., 445.—Brazil.

Gen. SOMOMYIA.

Rdi., Att. Accad. Sc. Bologna. (1861).

acutangula Rdi., Dipt. Ex. (sep.) 28.—So. Amer.

amazona Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1877, 255.—Brazil.

South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide. 37

americana Rdi., Dipt. Ex. (sep.) 29.—Chili (Mcq.).

Syn. Calliphora rufipalpis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 132.

annulipes Philippi, Zeitschr. Ges. Naturw. xvii, 514 (Calliphora). Rdi., Dipt.

Ex. (sep.) 30.—Chili (Phil., Rdi.).

argentina Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1877, 254.—Buenos Ayres.

calogaster Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1877, 246.—La Plata.

castanipes Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1877, 245.—Quito.

chilensis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 131, pl. 16, f. 1 (Calliphora). Sch., Nov. 309

(do.). Rdi., Dipt. Ex. (sep.) 29.—Chili (Mcq., Sch., Rdi.).

?Syn. Som. philippiana Rdi., Dipt. Ex. (sep.) 29.

fulvobarbata Big., Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., xii, 598.—Montevideo.

gratiosa Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1877, 253.—Buenos Ayres.

montevidensis Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1877, 46.—Montevideo.

nitens Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1877, 244.—Colombia.

orenoquina Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1877, 253.—Brazil.

rubrifrons Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 250, pl. 23, f. 5 (Zucilia). Rdi., Dipt.

Am. Merid. Strob. (sep.) 3.—Buenos Ayres (Mcq., Rdi.).

transmarina Rdi., Dipt. Ex. (sep.) 29.—So. Amer.

Gen. PYRELLIA.

Rob. Desv., Myod. 462. (1830).

chloe Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1878, 36.—Quito.

diversipalpis Rdi., Dipt. Ex. (sep.) 30.—So. Amer. (Mcq.).

Syn. Pyr. rufipalpis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. v, 114.

facilis Wlk., Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. n. s. iv, 214.—So. Amer.

flavicornis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 58, pl. 6, f. 11.—Brazil.

maculipennis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 199, pl. 17, f. 6.—Colombia; Brazil.

ochrifacies Rdi., Esap. Ditt. (sep.) 15.—St. Sebastian, Brazil.

rufipalpis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 252.—Minas-Geraes, Brazil.

violacea R. D., Myod. 463.—Brazil.

Gen. DASYPHORA.

Rob. Desv., Myod. 409. (1830).

spinifera v. d. W., Amerik. Dipt. iii, 39.—Argentine Rep.

Gen. OCHROMYIA.

Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 132. (1843).

flavipennis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 134, pl. 17, f. 3.—Para.

fuscipennis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 135, pl. 17, f. 2. Rdi., Esame Ditt. Brasil.

17 (sep.).—Para (Meq., Rdi.).

gigas Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. i, 196, pl. 17, f. 9.—Brazil.

nigrifrons Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1878, 39.—Brazil.

testacea R. D., Myod. 426 (Bengalia).—Cayenne ; New Holland.

38 South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide.

Gen. REINWARDTIA.

Br. Bgst., Muse. Sch. i,.90. (1889).

tachinina B. B., Mus. Sch. i, 90, 103; ii, 109.—Venezuela.

Gen. MYA.

Rdi., Esap. Ditt. (sep.) 13. (1850).

alia R. D., Myod. 447 (Chrysomyia). Rdi., Esap. Ditt. (sep.) 13.—Brazil

(R. D.); St. Sebastian (Rdi.).

jonicroma Rdi., Dipt. Am. Aiq. Oseul. (sep.) 12.—Rio Napo.

semidiaphana Rdi., Esap. Ditt. (sep.) 15.—St. Sebastian.

versicolor Rdi., Esap. Ditt. (sep.) 13. Dipt. Am. Aq. Oscul. (sep.) 11.—

Venezuela; Rio Napo. .

Gen. GRALLOMYA.

Rdi., Esap. Ditt. (sep.) 18. (1850).

osculati Rdi., Dipt. Am. Aig. Oscul. (sep.) 12.—Rio Napo.

Fam. ANTHOMYIDAE.

Gen. ARICIA,

Rob. Desv., Myod. 486. (1830).

bicolor Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. v. 117, pl. 6, f. 14.—? Brazil.

canaliculata R. D., Myod. 484 ( Phaonia).—Brazil.

? chilensis Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, 294 ( Yetodesia).—Chili.

dichroma W4d., Aus. Zw. ii, 425 (Anthomyia). Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. v, 117,

pl. 6, f. 13.—Brazil (Wd., Mcq.).

dubia Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, 294 ( Yetodesia).—Chili.

erratica Fall., Macq. Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 162.—Brazil; Europe (Mcq.).

flavicornis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. v, 117, pl. 6, f. 12.—St. Fernando.

ignava WIk., Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. n. s. iv, 217.—Brazil.

rufiguttata Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 258, pl. 23, f. 16.—Bahia.

semiclausa Sch., Novara, 302.—Chili.

Gen. SPILOGASTER.

Mcq., Hist. Nat. ii, 293. (1835).

adelpha Sch., Novara, 300.—So. Amer.

bipunctata Sch., Novara, 299.—So. Amer.

calliphoroides Jen., Neue Ex. Dipt. 371.—Brazil.

geniculatus Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, 289.—Buenos Ayres.

grandis Sch., Novara, 302.—So. Amer.

maculipennis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 163, pl. 22, f. 3.—Guiana.

monacha Sch., Novara, 301.—Sv. Amer.

South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide. 39

peeciloptera Sch., Novara, 300.—Brazil.

principalis Sch., Novara, 301.—So. Amer.

seeva Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 430 (Anthomyia). Sch., Nov. 300.—Brazil (Wd.);

So. Amer. (Sch.).

sexpunctata v. d. W., Amerik. Dipt. iii, 43.—Argentine Rep.

trispilus Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, 285.—Buenos Ayres.

Gen. HYDROTZA.

Rob. Desy., Myod. 509. (1830).

stuebeli v. Réd., Dipt. Ges. 8. A. Al. Stiibel, 15 (sep. ).—Colombia (v. Réd.);

? Chili; New Holland (Mcq.).

?Syn. Hydr. cyaneiventris Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 263; Sup. v, 118.

Gen. OPHYRA.

Rob. Desv., Myod. 516. (1830).

andina Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, 304.—Chili.

argentina Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, 302.—Buenos Ayres.

coerulea Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 165, pl. 22, f. 5. Rdi., Dipt. Am. Merid. Strob.

(sep.) 4 (Limnophora). Big., Miss. Cap Horn. Dipt. 29.—Chili (Mcq.,

Big.); Buenos Ayres (Rdi.).

hirtula Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, 303.—Chili.

pusilla Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, 304,—Chili.

setosa Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, 303.—Chili.

virescens Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 164.—Guaratuba, Brazil.

Gen. LIMNOPHORA.

Rob. Desv., Myod. 517. (1830).

aurifera Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, 273.—Chili.

chlorogaster Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, 271.—Buenos Ayres.

elegans Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 165, pl. 22, f. 6.—Guiana.

fuscineuris Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 263, pl. 24, f. 6.—Buenos Ayres.

limbata Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, 271.—Chili.

lynchii v. d. W., Amerik. Dipt. iii, 43.—Argentine Rep.

vicina R. D., Myod. 520.—Brazil.

zebrina Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, 273.—Chili.

Gen. HYLEMYIA.

Rob. Desv., Myod. 550. (1830).

andicola Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, 300.—Chili.

nigripes R. D., Myod. 553. Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 168, pl. 22, f. 8.— Cayenne.

Gen. ANTHOMYIA.

Meig., Illig. Mag. ii, 281. (1803).

zethiops W1k., Dipt. Saund. 365.—Brazil.

arcuata Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 425.—Brazil.

40 South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide.

brasiliensis Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 366.—Brazil.

brevipalpis Thoms., Eugen. Resa, 557.—Guayaquil.

certa Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 364.—Brazil.

chilensis Jen., Neue Ex. Dipt. 373.—Chili.

chrysostoma Rdi., Dipt. Exot. (sep.) 33.—Chili.

corelia Wlk., List, 953.—Montevideo.

? cothurnata Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, 298.—Chili.

cutilia Wlk., List, 954.—Montevideo.

despecta W1lk., Dipt. Saund. 364.—Brazil.

diversa Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 436.—Montevideo.

? dubia Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, 298.—Chili.

felsina Wlk., List, 955.—Montevideo.

gemina Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 436.—Brazil.

grisea Fab., Syst. Ant. 293 (Musca). Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 422.—So. Amer.

(Fab., Wd.).

heydenii Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 429.—Brazil.

inducta WIk., Dipt. Saund. 360.—Brazil.

lanicrus Thoms., Eugen. Resa, 556.—Buenos Ayres.

leucotelus WI1k., Dipt. Saund. 361.—Brazil.

limbata Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 425.—Brazil.

maculipennis WIk., Dipt. Saund. 357.—Brazil.

maculosa WIlk., Dipt. Saund. 357.—Brazil.

nigrina Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 424.—Brazil.

ovativentris Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 267, pl. 24, f. 12.—Montevideo.

pantherina Wd., Anal. Ent. 53. Aus. Zw. ii, 430.—So. Amer.

pedella Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 423.—Brazil.

precipua WIk., Dipt. Saund. 351.—Brazil.

prominula Thoms., Eugen. Resa, 550.—Buenos Ayres.

? rubrifrons Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, 297.—Chili.

. sanctijacobi Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, 296.—Chili.

setia Wlk., List, 956.—Galapagos.

spiloptera Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 433.—Brazil.

tenuior WIk., Dipt. Saund. 365.—Brazil.

tricolor W1k., Dipt. Saund. 358.—Brazil.

unicolor Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 353.—So. Amer.

vicaria Wlk., Dipt. Saund. 361.—Brazil.

virgata Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 434.—Brazil.

CRASPEDOCHASTA.

Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 268. (1850).

punctipennis Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 435 (Anthomyia). v.d. W., Amerik. Dipt.

iii, 45 (Chortophila). -Mcq., Dipt. Ex, Sup. iv, 269, pl. 24, f. 14.—Mon-

tevideo (Wd., Mcq.); Argentine Rep. (v. d. W.).

South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide. _ 41

Gen. CHORTOPHILA.

Mcq., Hist. Nat. ii, 323. (1835).

albostriata v. d. W., Amerik. Dipt. iii, 46.—Argentine Rep.

chilensis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 265, pl. 24, f. 9.—Coquimbo, Chili.

chlorogaster Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 427 (Anthomyia). v.d. W., Amerik. Dipt.

iii, 47.—Montevideo (Wd.); Argentine Rep. (v. d. W.).

limbinervis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 169, pl. 22, f. 2.—Chili.

liturata Rdi., Dipt. Am. Merid. Strob. (sep.) 5.—Buenos Ayres.

rubrifrons Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, 279.—Buenos Ayres.

Gen. PARACHORTOPHILA.

Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1852, 21. (1852).

ruficoxa Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, 280.—Chili.

: Gen. ATOMOGASTER.

Mcq., Hist. Nat. Dipt. ii, 329. (1835).

pusio Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 437 (Anthomyia). Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3, 169.—So.

Amer. (Wd.).

Gen. HOMALOMYIA.

Bouché, Naturg. d. Insecten, i, 88. (1834).

ecanicularis Lin., Fab., et al. (Musca), Mg., Mcq., Ztt. (Anthomyia). Svh.,

Dipt. Austr. i, 654. v.d. W., Amerik. Dipt. iii, 47. Big., An. Soc.

Ent. Fr. 1885, 284.—Chili (Mcq., Blanch.); Buenos Ayres (Big., v. d.

W.); No. Amer. and Eu.

Syn. Anthomyia chilensis Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3,171, pl. 23, f. 4. Blanch. in

Gay, Hist. Chili, vii, 442.

erythropsis Big., Miss. Cap Horn. Dipt. 30, pl. 4, f. 1.—Cape Horn.

Gen. LISPE.

Latreille, Précis d. Caract. génér. (1796).

rufitibialis Mcq., Dipt. Ex., ii, 3, 168, pl. 22, f. 7.—Brazil, or Chili.

Gen. CCANOSIA.

| Meig., Syst. Beschr. v, 210. (1826).

annulipes Mcq., Dipt. Ex. ii, 3,172, pl. 23, f. 7.—Chili.

pipunculina Thoms., Eugen. Resa, 559.—Rio Janeiro.

Gen. MYANTHA.

Rdi., Dipt. Ital. Prod. i. (1856).

canicularis Lin., Rdi. Dipt. Ex. (sep.) 34.—Chili.

Note.—Is this a synonym of Homalomyia canicularis L.?

fusconotata Rdi., Dipt. Am. Merid. Strob. (sep.) 4.—Mendoza.

42 South American Species of Calyptrale Muscide.

Gen. BRACHYGASTERINA.

Mcq., Dipt. Exot. Sup. iv, 259. (1850-1).

chalybea Wd., Aus. Zw. ii, 428 (Anthomyia). Sch., Novara, 299 (Limnophora).

v.d. W., Amerik. Dipt. iii, 44.—Brazil (Wd.); Chili (Mcq., Blanch.,

Sch.); Argentine Rep. (v. d. W.).

Syn. Brachyg. violaceiventris Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 259, pl. 23, f. 17.

Blanch. in Gay, Hist. Chili, vii, 439. .

Gen. MICROCHYLUM.

Meq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 256. (1850-1).

vittatum Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 257, pl. 23, f. 11.—Bahia.

Gen. LEUCOMELINA.

Meq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 261. (1850-1).

pica Mcq., Dipt. Ex. Sup. iv, 262, pl. 24, f. 3.—Minas-Geraes, Brazil.

Gen. SPATHIPHEROMYIA.

Big., Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1884, 123. An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, 267. (1884).

stellata Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, 267.—Chili.

Gen. DASYPHYMA.

Bigot, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1882, 254. An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, 268. (1882).

armata Big., An. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1885, 268.—Chili.

South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide. 43

IST OF TITLES QUOTED.

Bieot, J. M. F.—Papers in Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France.

Paris.

Bieot, J. M. F.—Diptéres nouveaux ou peu connus. In Annales de la Société

entomologique de France. Paris.

Bigot, J. M. F.—Diptéres nouveaux ou peu connus. Muscidi. In Bulletin

de la Société zoologique de France. XII. Paris, 1887.

Bigot, J. M. F.—Mission scientifique du Cap Horn. Tome VI. Zoologie.

Insectes. Diptéres. Paris, 1888.

Braver, F.—Monographie der Cstriden. Wien, 1863.

Braver, F., und J. Epten von BeRGENSTAMM.—Die Zweifltigler des Kaiserlichen

Museums zu Wien. IV. Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Muscaria

schizometopa (exclusive Anthomyide). Pars i. In Denkschriften der

Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie

der Wissenschaften. Band LVI. Wien, 1889.

BRAvER, F., und J. EpLen von BERGENSTAMM.—Die Zweifliigler, etc. V. Vorar-

beiten, etc. Pars II. In Denkschriften, etc. Band LVIII. Wien, 1891.

Fasricivs, J. C.—Systema Entomologie. Antliata. Flensburgi et Lipsiz,

1775.

Fasricius, J. C.—Mantissa Insectorum. Vol. II. Antliata. Hafnie, 1787.

Fasricius, J. C.—Systema Antliatorum. Brunsvige, 1805.

JNNICKE, F.—Neue exotische Dipteren. In Abhandl. d. Senckenb. Ges.

Vol. VI. Frankfurt. 1867.

Macquart, J.—Histoire Naturelle des Diptéres. Vol. II. Suites & Buffon.

Paris, 1835.

Macquart, J.—Diptéres Exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Vol. II, part 3.

Supplements i, ii, iii, iv, v. Paris, 1842-55.

OstEN-Sacken, C. R.—Catalogue of the described Diptera of North America.

Second ed. Smithsonian Institution: Washington, 1878.

Perty, Maximitianus.—Delectus animalium articulatorum que in itinere per

Brasiliam, etc., collegerunt. Monachii. 1830-34.

RopineAu-DeEsvoipy, J. B.—Essai sur les Myodaires. In Mémoires des savants

étrangers de 1’ Académie des Sciences de Paris. Vol. II. Paris, 1830.

Ronpant, C.—Esame di varie specie d’insetti ditteri Brasiliani. In Studi

Entomolog. Vol. I. Torino, 1848.

Ronpani, C.—Dipterorum species alique in America quatoriali collecte a

Cajetano Osculati, observate et distinctw, novis breviter descriptis. In

Nuovi Ann. sc. nat. Bologna. Ser. 3. Vol. II. Bologna, 1850.

Ronpani, C.—Osservazioni sopra alquante specie di esapodi ditteri del Museo

Torinese. In Nuovi Annali sc. nat. Bologna. Ser. 3. Vol. II. Bologna,

1850.

44 South American Species of Calyptrate Muscide.

Ronpant, C.—Dipterorum species et genera aliqua exotica, revisa et annotata

novis nonullis descriptis. In Archivio per la Zoologia. Vol. III. Modena,

1863.

Ronpant, C.—Diptera aliqua in America meridionali lecta a Prof. P. Strobel

annis 1866-67 distincta et annotata, novis aliquibus descriptis. In An-

nuario Soc. Nat. in Modena. Vol. III. Modena, 1868.

ScuHinER, J. R.—Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in

den Jahren, 1857-59. Zoologischer Theil. Diptera. Wien, 1868.

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Zoologi. Entomologiska bidrag. Diptera, species novas descripsit. Stock-

holm, 1568.

VAN DER Wo.p, F. M.—Remarks on certain American Diptera in the Leyden

Museum, and description of nine new species. In Notes from the Leyden

Museum. Vol. IV. Leyden, 1882.

VAN DER Wo tp, F. M.—Amerikaansche Diptera. Part ili. In Tijdschrift voor

Entomologie. XXVI. ’s Gravenhage (The Hague), 1883.

VAN DER WuoLpP, F. M.—Nog iets over langwerpige Dexinen. In Tijdschrift

voor Entomologie. XXX. The Hague, 1887.

VAN DER Wo p, F. M.—Sarcophagula, een nieuw geslacht der Sarcophagine.

In Tijdschrift voor Entomologie. XXX, pp. 173-174. The Hague, 1887.

VAN DER Wo-p, F. M.—Biologia Centrali-Americana. Zoologia. Insecta. Dip-

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the British Museum. Partiv. London, 1849.

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the collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq. Diptera. London, 1856.

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Hamm, 1830.

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Philadelphia, 1886.

Wituston, S. W.—An interesting new genus of South American Tachinidae.

In Entomologica Americana. Vol. III, pp. 151-3. Brooklyn, 1887. |

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Vol. XII. Washington, 1889.

Il.—An Enumeration of the Plants Collected by Dr. Thomas

Morong in Paraguay, 1888-1890.

BY THOMAS MORONG AND N. L. BRITTON,

WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF MISS ANNA MURRAY VAIL.

Read June 6, 1892.

The journey in which the plants enumerated and described in this

paper were collected was made in the years 1888, 1889, and 1890.

It was undertaken under the auspices of the Torrey Botanical Club,

and by the aid of two members of that organization and a generous

friend of science in Boston, Mass.

With the exception of a few plants hastily snatched by the writer

at or near Buenos Aires, while waiting to proceed up the Rio de la

Plata, the main part of the specimens was obtained in central Para-

guay within a radius of i100 miles from Asuncion. In January,

1890, an exploration of the Pileomayo River, a tributary of the

Paraguay which forms the boundary line between western Para-

guay and the Argentine Republic, was set on foot by the Paraguay

Land Company, and the writer was invited to act as naturalist of

the expedition. A small steamer was built in England for the pur-

pose, and sent up the river under the command of Prof. O. J. Storm,

of Buenos Aires. After a well nigh herculean effort, lasting six

months, to overcome the obstructions of this little stream, consist-

ing of shallows, sand-bars, and innumerable snags and old logs,

and after proceeding nearly 400 miles, stemming on the way many

swift and dangerous rapids and a waterfall around which the steamer

was dragged by land, we encountered an immense swamp or lagoon

overgrown with grasses and weeds through which it was impossible ©

to force a way by any means at our command, and the expedition

was necessarily abandoned. All of this region, lying in the Gran

Chaco, is uninhabited except by tribes of roving savages, and much

of it had never been previously traversed by civilized men. Here

a considerable, and not the least interesting, portion of the plants

was collected.

The notes appended to the species are taken in all cases from

Awnnaus N. Y. Acap. Scr., VII, Dec. 1892.

46 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

written descriptions made by the collector in the field, or from

fresh specimens directly after reaching home. The observations

and measurements are entirely his own, none of them being drawn

from the works cited in the naming of the species, and they simply

record what he saw himself whether they conform exactly to the

published descriptions or not.

The determinations of the genera and species are due principally

to Prof. N. L Britton, of Columbia College, who visited the Her-

baria at Kew, the British Museum, Paris, and Geneva in the sum-

mer of 1891, and compared such as could not be matched in the

Herbarium of Columbia with the vast collections stored in those

places.

He was aided in his researches by such eminent Huropean bota-

nists as J. G. Baker, Edmund Baker, A. Cogniaux, N. E. Brown,

M. T. Masters, A. Franchet, Casimir DeCandolle, and R. A. Rolfe,

who courteously named many of the plants belonging to genera in

which they are experts.

Prof. Britton’s descriptions of new species and occasional notes

- bear his signature. |

In this joint work we have been greatly assisted by Miss Anna

Murray Vail, who has not only consulted many publications in the

attempt to identify the species, but also sorted out the plants, ar-

ranged them in systematic order, and devoted much time and labor

to preparing the labels and distributing the specimens to subscribers.

So much care has been exercised in the identification of the spe-

cies, that we feel sure that the names are substantially correct.

The nomenclature adopted is in accordance with the rules pro-

mulgated by the Botanical Club of the American Association for

the Advancement of Science at its recent meeting in Rochester,

New York.

THOMAS MORONG.

CotumBia CoLLEGE, October 26, 1892.

RANUNCULACE.

Clematis Brasiliana, D.C., Syst. i, 143.

Near Asuncion (759); Pilcomayo River (1067).

A climbing vine with white and very fragrant flowers, much like

our C. Virginiana. The tails of the fruit are longer, plumose, and

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 47

exceedingly graceful. It climbs high and embowers tall shrubs in

the Pileomayo thickets. January—June.

Ranunculus apiifolius, Pers., Syn., ii, 105.

Buenos Aires (8). October.

Ranunculus muricatus, L. Sp. Pl., 780.

Buenos Aires (7). October.

ANONACEA.

Rollinia emarginata, Schlecht., Linnea, ix, 315.

Asuncion (99). November. = Balansa, No. 2296. Called in

Guarani, Araticu; in Spanish Chirimoya.

This is not the large edible Chirimoya so common in Peru and

the more northern South American countries, which, so far as I

know, does not occur in Paraguay. It is a slender shrub with a

handsome head of green, coriaceous leaves, 3-5 m. high, and some-

times a small tree of twice that height. The flowers are curiously

constructed, consisting of 3 small, ovate, appressed sepals, and 6

petals, the 3 outer of which are yellow, flat bodies that stand edge

upwards in a triangular position. These when drawn down at the

base exhibit 3 other petals entirely unlike the outer ones, being

small, rounded, and meeting in a whorl at the summit, with a pur-

ple interior. Under these is a ball or arch of cohering stamens,

which are completely concealed by the overlapping inner petals.

Under all is another ball or arch of styles and stigmas, and this is

completely enclosed by the over-arching mass of stamens. I could

see no possible manner in which the pollen could reach the stigmas,

and am satisfied that it must be done as in the next species of the

same order, which I examined more closely.

Anona cornifolia, St. Hil., Fl. Bras. Merid., i, 33. Ex. descr.

Asuncion and Pilecomayo River (149). November. = Gibert,

No. 1095.

The outer petals here are not erect as in Rollinia, but flat and

imbricated over the inner ones. A very similar arrangement of the

stamens and pistils occurs however. The stamens are in an arched

disk, the central ones apparently infertile, and all cohering by trun-

cate callous connectives under which are the anthers. The stigmas

48 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

lie under the thick mass of infertile stamens, and so far as I could

judge entirely out of the reach of the pollen by any action of the

organs themselves. I found, however, that the pollen was very

plentiful, and that a pin thrust through the anthers obliquely would

carry its grains to the stigmas. There seemed in the older flowers

to be evidence that this operation is performed by insects, and I

came to the conclusion that, as in the case of Hupomatia, described

by Maout and Decaisne, the plant must always depend for fructifi-

cation upon insect agency. The fact that fruit is seldom found upon

the shrub confirms the idea. I often obtained flowers both of this

and Rollinia, but not one in ten of the flowers formed fruit. In

both cases the fruit is a large, irregularly shaped berry containing

~many seeds imbedded in a pulpy aril, and said by the people to be

edible. They are very inferior to the Chirimoya or custard apple,

to which they are closely allied.

MENISPERMACE.

Cissampelos Pareira, L., Sp. Pl., 1473.

Between Trinidad and Lympio (729); Pilecomayo River (815).

November—J une. ; :

The ‘‘Pareira brava” of the druggists, the roots of which are in

high repute, medicinally, in urinary diseases. A dicecious vine

twining around shrubs and trees. It has many broad cordate-ovate

leaves, 5-10 cm. long, and nearly as wide at the base. Stems fus-

cous hairy. Roots exceedingly large and rather woody.

Cissampelos Pareira, L., var. Caapeba (L.), Hichl., Mart. Fl. Bras.,

Xi, ptt 190: .

Asuncion (829). November.

The variety with leaves only 1 cm. long and 2 cm. broad, bearing,

when in fruit, many small red berries. This looks different enough

to be almost regarded as a distinct species.

Castalia Gibertii, Morong, n. sp.

Leaves oval in outline, entire, rounded at the apex, the lobes moderately

spreading and obtuse, the under surface covered with short branching fuscous

lines interspersed here and there with elevated raphioidal strize, the upper

surface having these strie mingled with minute tubercles, especially near the

sinus. Flowers white, turning yellowish in drying, inodorous, 6-7 cm. in

diameter. Sepals oblong-ovate, 3-33 cm. long, somewhat acute, with numer-

Planis Collected in Paraguay. 49

ous fuscous lines or elevated strie on the exterior surface. Petals in 3 series,

a little shorter than the sepals, marked with faint purplish lines, which are

even with the surface or slightly raised, the outermost thick and green along

the middle of the back, like the sepals, and with broad white margins. Stamens

in 4 series. Anther cells of the outermost 6 or 7

somewhat immature, but apparently 18. Ripe fruit and tubers not seen.

mm.in length. Carpels

An unnamed specimen collected by Gibert (No. 53) at Asuncion

in June, 1858, is at Kew.

Above the Falls on the Pilcomayo River, May 6 (1028).

Victoria Amazomica (Pepp.), Planch. Rev. Hort., Feb. 15, 1853

(V. regia, Lindl.).

In lagoons near Asuncion (281). December—January.

This famous flower is abundant in the lagoons on the Paraguay

’ River, and is found as far south as Corrientes. The popular name

which it bears, ‘‘ Mais del agua,” is derived from the use made of

its seeds. These are about as large as buck-shot, and are gathered

by the natives and roasted or pounded into meal, from which very

palatable and nutritious bread is made.

PAPAVERACE A.

Argemone Mexicama, L., Sp. Pl., 508.

Asuncion (155). Apparently naturalized.

FUMARIACE A.

Fumaria capreolata, L., Sp. Pl., 701.

Buenos Aires (18). October.

CRUCIFERE.

Lepidium Bonariense, L., Sp. Pl., 645.

Buenos Aires (12). October. Pileomayo River (1056). June.

Coronopus didymius (L.), Smith, Fl. Brit. iii, 691.

Buenos Aires (5). October.

Raphanus sativus, L., Sp. Pl., 669.

Railroad between Paragua and Luque (855). December.

Seems to be thoroughly naturalized in the vicinity of towns, but

it bears no root like the cultivated radish.

Annas N. Y. Acap. Scr., VII, Dec. 1892.—4

50 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

CAPPARIDACEHA.

Cleome aculeata, L. Syst., Ed. 12, iii, App., p. 232.

Asuncion (117 and 117a). November.

Gynandropsis pentaphylila (L.), D. C., Prod., i, 238.

Asuncion (348). December.

6-9 dm. high. Flowers large, purple, showy. Leaves on long

petioles, 5-foliolate. Stem, petioles, and the dorsal nerves of the

leaves beset with glandular hairs and small prickles. Peduneles,

petals, and ovary with yellow glands. Pods 34—4 em. in length, on

long peduncles, jointed about $ way up.

Capparis cynophallophora, L., Sp. Pl., 504.

Asuncion (763). July.

Found only in fruit. A small tree 5-6 m. high, with flexuous

greenish-vellow branches, glabrous, with small black warts on the ,

bark. Leaves simple, alternate, elliptical or oval, coriaceous, shin-

ing above, greenish-yellow, shortly petioled, the blades about 7 em.

long, and 38 cm. wide. Pods in clusters of 1-5, often as much as

30 cm. long, cylindrical, moniliform, the outside greenish-yellow or

brown, the interior lining red.

Thickets near Asuncion.

Capparis declinata, Vell., Pls Blume, Vv, t. ii.

Pilcomayo River (9464). In fruit. January.

Similar to No. 768, but with smaller leaves and pods.

Capparis Tweediana, Eichl., Mart. Fl. Bras., xiii, pt. 1, 273.

Pileomayo River (1046). May.

Nearer C. Tweediane than C. crotonoides as described in Mart.

Fl. Bras., but not exactly agreeing with either. The projections of

the disk are 5, alternate with the stamens, looking like staminodea.

Leaves larger, petioles longer, pedicels longer than in C. Tweedzana.

Flower bud tetragonous (not triquetrous, as in C. T'weediana).

Stamens 5 (in C. crotonotdes 6-8).

A common shrub or small tree on the Pilcomayo, with roundish

leaves, which are green and glabrous above and white tomentose

beneath. It blossoms late in May and then sparsely. The flowers

are peculiar, with 4 spreading yellowish-green sepals and as many

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 51

petals, 5 long stamens, alternate with as many staminodia or disk

projections, and an ovary on a stellately downy stipe 24 cm. long.

The flowers themselves are borne on a stellately downy peduncle

14-2 cm. in length. The trunk of this shrub has near the base

light brown scaly bark, smooth and yellowish above.

Cratzeva Tapia, L., Sp. Pl., 444.

Asuncion (820); Pilcomayo River (897).

A fine tree growing around Asuncion and far up on the Pilco-

mayo River. It reaches a height of 16 m. or more. It has a

smooth gray bark, and smooth, glossy, ternate leaves. The flowers

are white in thick clusters at the ends of the branches, on pedicels

23-33 cm. long. The fruit at the time I saw it, January 24, was

nearly as large as a lemon, on peduncles 7-12 cm. long, solitary.

green on the outside, with a thick white meat on the inside, contain-

ing many seeds irregularly disposed. The tree is known among

the Paraguayan natives as ‘‘ Papaguayan”’ (name of a tribe of

Paraguayan Indians) or ‘‘ Indian orange,” and it is said that the

fruit is eaten as an orange by the Indians. Its numerous, large

dark green leaves well adapt it for an ornamental shade tree, as

which it is sometimes used in Paraguay.

Flowers in October, fruits in January.

VIOLARILA.

Calceolaria Brasiliensis, Britton.

Tonidium album, St. Hil., not C. alba, R. and P.

Caballero (410). January.

Calceolaria communis (St. Hil.), Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl., 41.

Near Pirayu (662). April.

This interesting plant growing in open woods is a suffruticose

herb about 1 m.in height. The delicate white flowers are peculiar,

entirely losing their character in dried specimens. There are 5 free,

hairy, persistent sepals, and 5 distinct petals, 4 of them minute and

the 5th larger and standing out prominently from the rest, with

upturned edges which give it the appearance of a miniature sugar

scoop. Stamens 5, the 2 lowest with short white spurs; filaments

broad; anthers somewhat sagittate, the cells long and parallel, sur-

mounted by a brownish sharp-pointed cap. The seeds, at first shal-

low pitted, when fully ripe are nearly smooth, black and shining.

52 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

BIXINE A.

Myroxylon Salzmannii (Clos.), Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl., 44. Ex descr.

Asuncion (235 and 718). December. Pilcomayo River (1585).

Janudry—May,

An interesting dicecious shrub common about Asuncion, 14-3 m.

in height, armed with sharp spines. Leaves coriaceous, round or

oval, often cuneate, serrate, with 2 glands on the petiole at the

base of the blade. Flowers small, white, apetalous, in clusters, the

staminate with 4 or 5 ciliate, ovate sepals, the peduncles and pedi-

cels subtended by several ciliate bracts; stamens numerous, the fila-

ments Jong, yellow, much exserted, and the anthers small, round,

yellow, 2-celled, opening by slits above. Pistillate flower on an

articulated pedicel, with 5 round, ciliate sepals which are persistent

on the fruit. The fruit, about as large as a huckleberry, is blackish-

purple when ripe. In fact, I thought it was a huckleberry when I

found it. Berries very numerous, rather insipid in taste.

The spines are generally at the base of the leaves, and seem to

take the place of stipules, The staminate and pistillate plants often

far apart.

POLYGALE.

Polygala Areguensis, A. W. Bennett, Jour. Bot., 17, p. 201.

Pilcomayo River (944). == Balansa, 2187, Herb. Kew. Named

by A. W. Bennett.

' An interesting purple-flowered species; growing on the open

campo among grass. Some of the stalks are 50 cm. in height, and

often twisted, several rising from the same root, frequently branched.

Leaves in whorls of 5, sessile, minutely serrulate. The racemes

are from 4 to 12 cm. long. The pod contains 2 light brown, hairy

seeds, each with 2 flat, white caruncles one-half as long as the seeds.

February.

Polygala galioides, Poir., var. asperuloides (H. B. K.), Britton.

Polygala asperuloides, H. B. K., Nov. Gen., v, 403.

P. galioides, var. major, A. W. Bennett, Mart. Fl. Bras., Fasc. lxiii, 29.

Near Luque (325). December.

Polygala glochidata, H. B. K., Nov. Gen., v, 400.

A diminutive plant nearly hidden by the grasses on the Gran

Campo, 8-10 cm. high. Flowers minute, white, on pedicels about

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 53.

1 mm. long. Leaves linear, 5 or 6 mm. long, mucronulate, in ver-

ticils of 5s. Seeds very hairy, without a caruncle.

Near Luque (337). Determined by A. W. Bennett. December.

CARYOPHYLLEA.

Cerastium Sellowii, ©. and S.

Buenos Aires (4). October. Pilcomayo River (921). February.

= Balansa, No. 2274, Herb. Kew, in part.

I brought this plant from Kew under this name, but have since

been unable to find the place of its publication.—N. L. B.

Tissa grandis (H. B. K.), Britton.

Arenaria grandis, H. B. K., Nov. Gen., vi, 30 (1823).

Spergularia grandis, Camb. in St. Hil. Fl. Bras., ii, 177.

Buenos Aires (3). February. Pilcomayo River (921).

I had ample opportunity to examine this plant on my Pilecomayo

expedition, as it is not infrequent on the muddy banks of that river.

It much resembles our common ‘‘Corn Cockle” in general appear-

ance. In height it rises from one to two feet dichotomously much

branched. The flowers are in irregular cymes at the ends of the

branches, each on a short subulate pedicel. Calyx of 5 green

sepals, membranous and white on their edges, persistent. Petals 5,

white, much smaller than the sepals and hidden by them except

when expanded. The 5 hypogynous stamens, opposite the petals,

are on very delicate filaments, which are slightly dilated at the base.

Ovary superior, 1-celled, many-ovuled, 2-4 mm. in length, increas-

ing in fruit to an obtusely 3-angled, 1-celled pod a little longer than

the sepals. The pod is filled with flat seeds, which lie horizontally

upon each other, and have a broad, membranous wing notched on

one side. The plant rises from a long, yellow tap-root.

Polycarpa australis, Britton, n. sp.

Diffuse, glabrous, much-branched, the branches ascending, terete, 20-50

em. long. Leaves verticillate, oblanceolate or oblong, obtuse, thick, entire,

narrowed at the base, 2-5 cm. long, 4-12 mm. wide; inflorescence dichoto-

mously cymose, the flowers sessile, white, 1-2 mm. broad; bracts ovate-lanceo-

late, about 2mm. long; sepals ovate, obtuse; petals entire, rounded, shorter

than the sepals; stamens 3; ovary 3-angled, 1-celled; capsule membranous,

shining, ovoid, about 4 mm. long.

Banks of the Pileomayo River (933). February.

54 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

PORTULACEA.

Portulaca pilosa, L., Sp. Pl., 639.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (452). January.

Portulaca marginata, H. B. K., Nov. Gen., vi, 58. Ex deser.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (452a). January. Pileomayo

River (1053). June.

Portulaca grandiflora, Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 2885.

Asuncion (278 and 59). December—J une.

This Portulaca is very common around Asuncion, often growing

in the streets of the city, and abundant in the sandy soil of the

environs. It varies very much, however, in the size of the flowers,

often showing a corolla not larger than a dime in diameter and

again 3 times as large. It is usually of a bright purple or rose

tint, but sometimes yellow. Its gay-colored corolla, fully expanded

in the morning sun, scattered in masses over the green sward, often

tempted me into early walks while the dew still lay upon the ground.

Talinum crassifolium (Jacq.), Willd., Sp. Pl., ii, 862.

Asuncion (104and 677). = Balansa 2253. November—January.

A small branching plant 15-20 cm. high, with small terminal

clusters of pretty rose-colored or sometimes yellowish-brown blos-

soms. Leaves succulent, obovate, 4 or 5 cm. long, rounded at apex,

and sloping at base into a short petiole. Capsule white, as large as

a pea, l-celled, containing many small, black, striolate, cochleate

seeds. In ordinary drying, this plant goes to fragments, and the

only method by which I could preserve specimens whole, was to

steep the fresh plant in boiling water.

Talinum patenms (Jacq.), Willd., Sp. Pl., ii, $63.

Asuncion (252). December. Between Villa Rica and Escoba

(531). January.

Similar to the preceding species in habit. Flowers white or yel-

low, in long, terminal panicles, on a leafless peduncle 10-15 em. long.

Leaves all near the base of the stem, obovate, rounded or abruptly

pointed at the apex, 5-12 cm. long, sloping at the base into a short

petiole. Stem reaches a height of 6 dm., and the panicle 24 dm.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 55

MALVACEA.

This order is very prolific of species and individuals in Paraguay.

Indeed, some of the species run so closely together that it is not

easy to separate them. In a radius of 3 or 4 miles, on the Pilco-

mayo River, I found no less than 12 or 15 species of the small,

shrubby forms which insensibly graded into each other, and even

the genera were hard to distinguish.

Malva parviflora, L., Sp. Pl., Ed. 2, 969.

La Plata, Argentine Republic (37). October.

Malveopsis lateritia (Hook.), Morong.

Malva lateritia, Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 3846.

Malvastrum lateritium, Nicholson, Dict. Gard., 2, 319.

Caballero (403 b). January.

Malveopsis Coromandeliama (L.), Morong.

Malva Coromandeliana, L., Sp. Pl., 687.

Malvastrum tricuspidatum, A. Gray, Pl. Wright, ii, 16.

Asuncion (57 a); Pilcomayo River (995). November—April.

A small shrub about 6 dm. high. The fruit is striking, being a

broad, flat pod of 10-12 peculiar carpels with grooves between them.

A row of short, stiff hairs stands on each carpellary edge, and at

the commencement of the curve of the point there are 2 minute pro-

jections, the point ending in 2 similar projections, each of which is

tipped with a weak spine. In the perfectly mature fruit, these rows

of bairs make the carpels quite rough. Each carpel contains a sin-

gle large, flat, smooth seed which perfectly fills it.

Malveopsis spicata (L.), Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl., 72.

Asuncion (215). December.

Sida angustifolia, Lam., Encyc., i, 4.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (454); Pilcomayo River (989).

January—April.

Sida carpinifolia, L., f. Supp., 307.

Asuncion (172). November.

Sida Ciliaris, L., Sp. Pl., Ed. 2, 961.

Asuncion (240). December.

56 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Sida cordifolia, L., Sp. Pl., 684.

Asuncion (114). November—March.

Sida dictyocarpa, Gris., Mart. Fl. Bras., xii, pt. 3, 314.

Pileomayo River (956). March. Named by Edmund Baker.

Sida dictyocarpa, var. Cordobensis, E. Baker, ined.

Pilcomayo River (953). February. Named by Hdmund Baker.

Sida pandiculata, L., Amen. Acad., v, 401.

Asuncion (194). November.

Sida rhombifolia, L., Sp. Pl., 684.

Asuncion (57); Pileomayo River (1055). November—June.

Sida spinosa, L., Sp. Pl., 683.

Pilcomayo River (953a). February.

Sida urems, lL., Amen. Acad., v, 402.

Pilcomayo River (960). March.

The species of Sida here enumerated are small shrubs or suffruti-

cose plants, one only, perhaps (S. wrens), being herbaceous. <As a

rule, they have yellow or whitish-yellow flowers, but S. czliaris has

brownish-purple, and S. paniculata lurid-purple petals. They differ

in the most extraordinary manner in regard to the number of styles,

the number of carpels, and other fruit characters. S. angustifolia

has 5 stvles and 5 carpels, each containing a single seed which is

downy and notched at the apex, the ventral summit projecting into

one, sometimes two points. S. czliarzs has 8 styles and 7 carpels,

the seeds somewhat irregular in shape, and the backs of the carpels

covered with spine-like protuberances. §S.carpinifolia has 7 smooth

earpels which run up into a combined beak at the summit, each con-

taining a single seed, and two flat faces meeting in a sharp ventral

edge that terminates in a sort of curved horn at the apex. S. cor-

difolia has 13 one-seeded carpels, grooved on the curved back, which,

with the faces, is rugose-reticulate-veiny, and beaked at the summit

by two long, parallel, hispid awns that are very close together.

S. dictyocarpa has 5.7 and 10 styles and 8 carpels, while its so-called

var. Cordobensis has only 5 styles and 5 carpels. S. paniculata

greatly differs in general appearance from its congeners, having

numeroussmall lurid-purple flowers on long, naked, jointed pedicels in

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 57

branched panicles, 4 styles, 5, sometimes 4, carpels which are downy

and destitute of awns, and seeds somewhat irregularly 3-sided and

scarcely notched at the apex. 8S. rhombifolia has 10 downy carpels

deeply grooved on the back, beaked at the apex by two short, smooth

awns. SS. spinosa, which bears no spines in my specimens to justify

the name, has 5 carpels with very short hispidly hairy awns or

horns, the faces marked by parallel veins, and smooth seeds which

have a minute projecting point at. the ventral apex. S. wrens, the

most peculiar of all these species in its general appearance, has only

3 styles, so far as I could discover in the fresh specimens. The

whole plant is clothed with long, fuscous, glandular hairs, especially

the calyx, which is greatly inflated, puffing out below in 5 folds and

terminating in 5 acute lobes; carpels 5, small, smooth, beaked only

by two minute points; seeds smooth, irregularly 3-sided; flowers

yellow, massed in close clusters at the summit of the branches. The

long hairs on the edges of the folds and lobes of the calyx impart a

very nettle-like aspect to the plant, from which circumstance, I sup-

pose, the specific name originates.

Wissadula patenms (St. Hil.), Garcke, Zeitsch. Naturw., 1890, 123.

Pileomayo River (1021). May.

Wissadula periplocifolia (L.), Presl. Reliq. Henk., ii, 117.

Asuncion (251 and 376); Pilcomayo River (990). December—

April. Named by Edmund Baker.

Wissadula hernandioides (L’Her.), Giircke, in Mart. Fl. Bras. xii,

pt. 3, 439.

Pilecomayo River (985). April.

Abutilon crispuma (L.), Sweet., Hort. Brit. i, 53.

Pileomayo River (979). March.

15-24 dm. in height. Leaves palmately 7-10 nerved, some of

them measuring 8-10 cm. in length and 6-8 cm. in breadth.

Petals white, with a slight bluish tinge, delicately striped with

purple, the corolla nearly 2 cm. in diameter. Fruit a bladdery pod

with 10-12 carpels, each containing several seeds.

Abutilon inzquilaterumna, St. Hil. Fl. Bras. Merid., i, 155. Ex descr.

Pilecomayo River (992). March-April.

58 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Abutilon pedunculare, H. B. K., Nov. Gen., v. 212.

Asuncion (204); Pilcomayo River (942). November—April.

Named by Edmund Baker.

Malachra alceifolia, Jacq. Coll., ii, 350.

Pilecomayo River (1034). May.

A singular plant which was growing in the water of the great

laguna on the Pileomayo River. Stem 1-14 m. high, beset with

weak, yellowish prickles. Lower leaves ternate, 3-lobed or entire,

dentate, sparsely pellucid-punctate, hairy on the nerves. Flowers

lilac, in terminal clusters, 5-8 in a cluster and sessile on an invo-

lucre of large, ovate, crenate, foliaceous bracts. Calyx with 5 ovate,

very hairy, 3-nerved lobes, shorter than the corolla and subtended by

T or 8 subulate, long-haired bracteoles. Styles 10. Ovary 5-celled,

with 1 ovule in each cell. Pod 5 mm. high, and nearly 1 cm. broad

across the truncate top of 5 rugose, separate carpels, each containing

1 large seed.

Pavonia Morongii, Spencer Moore, ined. n. sp.

Stem shrubby, clothed with long, white, scattered hairs and also a close

down, much branched, 4-9 dm. high. Leaves cordate-ovate, pointed at the

apex, unequally dentate, 5-7 palmately nerved, hairy and downy like the

stem, 3-5 cm. long and 2-23 cm. wide, on petioles 15-25 cm. long. Flowers

solitary on axillary peduncles 3-5 cm. long. Corolla light yellow, with a dark

eye at the base inside, the eye radiating in short lines at the top. Petals

obovate, rounded at the apex. Calyx muck shorter, subtended by 7-8 subu-

late bracteoles 10-12 mm. long, hairy and downy like the stem. Styles and

stigmas 10. Pod glabrous, depressed globose, splitting into 4 or 5 1-seeded

carpels. The flowers of this plant when fully developed are very showy and

beautiful. On the campus nearly the whole length of the Pileomayo.

Pilcomayo River (872, 988, and 947). January—April.

Pavonia communis, St. Hil., Fl. Bras. Merid., i, 224.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (473). January.

Stem downy with close, stellate pubescence, 4-6dm. high. Leaves

ovate-lanceolate, 3-5 palmately nerved, dentate, stellately haired

and pubescent, pellucid-dotted, rounded at base, 5-10 cm. long, on

petioles 83-5 mm. long. Flowers large, dark yellow. Carpels 5,

armed with 3 long, downwardly barbed teeth. Persistent sepals

and bracteoles (5 or 6) longer than the pod. Styles 10.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 59

Pavonia sepium, St. Hil., Fl. Bras. Merid., i, 225.

P. fiava, Spring, Flora, xx, Beibl. No. 2, 96.

Asuncion (473 b); between Villa Rica and Escoba (473 ec).

= Mart. Herb. Flor. Bras., No. 95.

Similar to No. 473, but with taller stems, flowers smaller, on

much longer peduncles, and the teeth of the carpels more slender.

This frequently grows 2-3 m. high. Fruit abundant in a long,

loose, terminal inflorescence, on peduncles 2—4 cm. long.

Pavonia hastata, Cav., Diss., iii, 138, t. 47, f. 2.

Caballero (428). January.

With hastate-lobed, oblong or ovate-lanceolate leaves. Flowers

large and showy; petals 2 cm. long, light purple, with deeper purple

stripes. Carpels very different from those of the preceding species,

being flattened oval in shape, rugose-veiny, with 2 narrow wings on

opposite sides and 2 gibbous points at the apex instead of the 3 long

barbed teeth which are found in the other species. On the railroad

track near Caballero.

Pavonia Mutisii, H. B. K., Nov. Gen., v, 283.

Asuncion (702). May. Named by Edmund Baker.

Stems 1-lj m. high, very downy, the down mixed with long

white hairs. Leaves and short lateral branches numerous. Leaves

broadly cordate-ovate, velvety-downy, 2-6 cm. long and 14-24 cm.

wide, on short petioles. Flowers numerous, solitary on short axil-

lary peduncles, or when in bud looking as if in clusters, large, light

yellow, with a dark purplish eye at the base inside. This is readily

distinguished by its almost glomerate leaves, branches, and flowers,

and especially by its curious carpels, which are hooded and 1-horned

at the apex.

In old fields and along fence rows.

Hibiscus cisplatinus, St. Hil. Fl. Bras. Merid., i, 194.

Asuncion (849); Pileomayo River (1016). December—April.

Named by Edmund Baker.

This grows abundantly about the mouth of the Pileomayo and

at the Falls. It has a stem from 14-3 m. in height, and clothed

with small, hooked prickles which are slightly stinging. The corolla

is very large, the petals being 5 cm. or more in length. They are —

60 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

blood-red at the base, and lighter red above, making a very showy

flower. The calyx lobes have 5 green nerves upon them, alternating

with as many white stripes. Staminate column with 6 or 7 rows

of stamens some distance apart; anthers red, stigmas some distance

above the highest row of stamens, umbella-shaped from below, and

with 5 broad, downy-edged lobes. The bark of this plant strips off

like flax and splits into clean, fine fibres, and could doubtless be used

in making textile fabrics, certainly as good for that purpose as that

of our cotton plant, which, it is said, is now used in this way.

Hibiscus furcellatus, Desr., Lam. Encyc., iii, 358. Hx descr.

H. Diodon, D.C., Prod., i, 449 ?

Asuncion (682). April.

Strongly resembles H. cisplatinus, and with an equally showy

flower. It is often cultivated in gardens at Asuncion. When it

first opens the corolla is rose-red, but soon after fully expanding it

turns a pure white.

Cienfugosia sulphurea (St. Hil.), Garcke, Bonpl., viii, 148.

Fugosia Drummondii, A. Gray, Pl. Wright, 23.

Pilecomayo River (929). February.

A shrubby, smooth-stemmed plant about 3 dm. high, with a tough,

thick root, and many stems springing from it, which are somewhat

decumbent at the base. Corolla sulphur-yellow, with a brown eye

at the base inside, about 14 cm. broad when expanded. Calyx

smaller, deeply divided, the lobes lanceolate, 3-5 nerved, and they,

the bracteoles, and the pods marked by rows of black dots. Bracte-

oles 8. Leaves broadly ovate, palmately T-nerved, irregularly cre-

nate-dentate, occasionally with small lobes, on petioles 1-2 cm. long.

Capsule glabrous, 5 celled, cells 2-seeded. Peduncles 2-8 cm. long.

This occurs in Texas and also in Southern Brazil.

Gossypium maritimum, Tod., Osserv. Cot., 83.

Pilcomayo River (978). March.

The native cotton of Paraguay. It is supposed to have been

originally introduced into the country, but it certainly grows now

spontaneously. I found it quite abundant about the Falls of the

Pilcomayo, not only in old Indian encampments, but in thickets

upon the campos. There it flourishes with great vigor, growing

often to the height of 2 or 8 m., sometimes bearing 10 or 15 bolls

upon one stem. Although the staple of the wild plant is not as long

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 61

as that of our upland Southern cotton, yet the fibre is very fine.

The seeds are much smaller than those of our cultivated cotton.

I have no doubt that it would be greatly improved by cultivation,

and that among an enterprising people it might become an article

of great commercial importance. March—April.

Chorisia speciosa, St. Hil., Pl. Usuel., t. 43.

Asuncion (725); Pilcomayo River (1075). March—May.

One of the most remarkable trees in Paraguay, known popularly

as Palo borracho, or drunken tree, from the huge belly-like protuber-

ance of its trunk. The flowers, at first a pale yellow, finally become

nearly or quite white, and are as large as those of a lily. The limbs

are long and stand out horizontally from the trunk. The trunk and

largest limbs are armed with stout spines, which have a large but-

ton-shaped base, and a strong, sharp, spiny point. The inner bark,

of a fine white color, strips off in long ribbons, and can be twisted

into strong twine, which is used by the Indians in making fishing-

lines and nets. The sap turns blood-red after being exposed to the

air, and evidently contains a red coloring-matter, which might be

used asa dye. The swollen trunk is often used for making canoes.

One that we hewed out was capable of carrying two or three men.

The wood is soft and can be cut with a penknife as easily as a raw

potato, which it much resembles, very different from most of the

woods of the region, which are nearly as hard as iron.

. STERCULIACEH A.

Sterculia striata, St. Hil. et Naud., Ann. Sci. Nat., II, ser. xviii, 213.

Asuncion (616). March.

A large tree from 16 to 25 m. in height, which I often saw culti-

vated in gardens at Asuncion. The trunk has smooth, dark bark,

with large palmately 5-lobed leaves, which have the 2 lower lobes

overlapping, so as to give a peltate appearance to the leaves at first

sight. The flowers appear to be polygamous, mostly staminate,

and hence the fruit is scarce. The inflorescence is very glandular

and quite sticky in drying. Fruit in 2 twin, divaricate pods, each

of which is l-celied and several seeded. .An American gentleman,

resident of Asuncion, who had the tree growing in his garden, called

it the ‘“‘ Peanut tree,” though I cannot tell why, as there is nothing

in the appearance or taste of the fruit like a peanut.

62 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Melochia subcordata, Morong, n. sp.

Stem about 1 m. high, stout, softly and densely fuscous hairy, simple or

divergently branching at the summit. Leaves broadly ovate, subcordate, or

the upper ones elliptical, unequally dentate, the teeth tipped with black points,

stellately fuscous hairy on both sides, palmately 5-7 nerved, the largest col-

lected 11 cm. long and 8 cm. broad at the base. Petioles 3-6 em. long. Sti-

pules subulate, 3-5 mm. long, deciduous. Inflorescence branched, elongated,

the flowers spicate, in interrupted glomerules. Calyx purple-tinted, hairy,

with 5 acute lobes, a little more than $ as long as the corolla, subtended by

3 subulate bracteoles. Petals light purple, broad and outwardly curved at

the apex, whitish and clawed at the base, 6-8 mm. long, staminate column

connate with the petals below; anthers nearly sessile on the column, closely

investing the style. Stigmas 5, projecting above the anthers, plumose; ovary

silky hairy. Capsule obovoid, 3 mm. long, marked by small tubercles to the

middle and white hairy above; seeds obtusely 3-angled, dark, puberulent.

Open places near Luque (292); railway track at Caballero (462).

December—January.

Melochia Morongii, Britton, n. sp.

Erect, densely pubescent, branched, 4-6 dm. high. Stem and branches

terete ; petioles terete, about 1 cm. long; leaves ovate-lanceolate ; prominently

pinnately-veined, thé veins impressed on the upper surface, crenate-dentate,

obtuse or obtusish at the apex, rounded at the base, 4-5 em. long, 1-15 cm.

wide, pubescent on both sides; inflorescence densely capitate, terminal, and

opposite the leaves, peduncles 2-4 cm. long; heads about 2 cm. in diameter ;

corolla about 8 mm. long; calyx 5-lobed to beyond the middle, the lobes lan-

ceolate, acuminate; capsule pyramidal, 5-angled, the 5 carpels loculicidally

dehiscent, triangular, 4 mm. long, tipped with a beak of about one-half their

length. ba

Asuncion (201la). November. Apparently nearest to MZ. parvi-

folia, H. B. K.

Melochia pyramidata, L., Sp. Pl., 774.

Asuncion (697). May.

Melochia venosa, Sw., Prod. Flor. Ind. Oc. 97.

Caballero (403). January.

Melochia venosa, 5w., var. polystachya (H. B. K.), Schum., Mart.

Bl. oBrasis\Xll, ot. dis

Caballero (403 a); between Villa Rica and Escoba (588). January.

This species is densely fuscous woolly all over. Blades of the

leaves 5-8 cm. long and 1-3 cm. broad, unequally serrate; petioles

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 68

5-15 mm. long; stipules lanceolate, acute, 12 mm. long, 4 or 5 mm.

broad. Flowers small, yellow, in an elongated, naked panicle.

Calyx 5-lobed, the lobes 2 as long as the petals and very hairy.

The variety is much more slender, much branched from the base.

Leaves shorter and narrower; stipules 4 or 5 mm. long, setaceous

or 1 mm. broad at the base. Inflorescence in a contracted terminal

panicle, or a few flowers at the ends of the branches. Both occur-

ring near Caballero and Villa Rica.

Waltheria Americana, L., Sp. Pl., 673.

Asuncion (201). November.

Waltheria communis, St. Hil., Flor. Bras. Merid., i, 123. Ex descr.

Asuncion (215a). December.

Chetza Paraguayensis, Britton, n. sp.

Climbing, softly pubescent, branched, the twigs channeled. Leaves short-

petioled, lanceolate, rather coriaceous, obscurely reticulate, blunt-pointed,

remotely dentate near the apex or entire, glabrous above, slightly pubescent

beneath, 4-6 cm. long, about 1 cm. wide; flowers in short, axillary cymes ;

lamina of the petal filiform; fruit globose-ovoid, about 1 cm. in diameter, the

spines conic acute, 3-4 mm. long; seed obliquely oblong, brown, smooth,

rounded on the back, the sides nearly flat.

In thickets, Asuncion (288). December. Same as Balansa’s 2002.

I do not use the generic name Biitineria, Leefl., because it is a

homonym of Butneria, Duhamel = Calycanthus, L. N. L. B.

A singular liana which is not uncommon in the thickets around

Asuncion. The stems are armed with small, recurved prickles, by

means of which it climbs upon shrubs and low trees. It clings so

closely to its supports that it is difficult to detach the branches.

The largest leaves I found were 12 cm. in length by 5 em. broad,

and often had small prickles along the midrib beneath, with a petiole

2mm.to2cm.long. Calyx monosepalous, with 5-pointed segments

longer than the corolla. The whole flower is greenish-yellow in

hue, and quite peculiar in appearance. The petals are flat at the

base and 2-lobed, throwing up what appear to be 5 yellowish horns,

which are the most conspicuous part of the flower. The capsule is

normally 5-carpelled, but often several of the cells of the ovary are

abortive, and not more than 2 or 8 of the ovules ripen into seeds.

The fruit is down-.covered, and has a curious prickly look about it.

64 - Plants Collected in Paraguay.

TILIACE A.

Triumfetta semitriloba, L., Mant., i, 73.

Asuncion (116 and 132). November,

This Florida plant is very common in old fields around Asuncion,

a rough-hairy shrub 4-6 dm. high, bearing small globular fruit beset

with hooked prickles.

Corchorus hirtus, L., Sp. Pl., Ed. 2, 747.

Asuncion (1089). June.

A small, very hirsute plant, 12-15 cm. high, with long, fibrous

roots. Stem simple or a little branching at base, Leaves ovate,

palmately 5-nerved, hirsute, often doubly crenate-serrate, 3-5 cm.

long, and 10-15 mm. wide, on hirsute petioles 7-12 mm. long.

Flowers few, axillary, yellow.

Corchorus pilobolus, Link, Enum. Hort. Berol., ii, 72.

Asuncion (703). May.

Luhea divaricata, Mart. et Zucc., Nov. Gen., i, 101, t. 63.

Near Escoba (604). January.

A tree 6-16 m. high, with smooth and gray bark. Young

branches and inflorescence pubescent. Bracteoles 6, narrower than

the sepals, tomentose. Calyx lobes 5, tomentose on the outside,

glabrous and yellow onthe inside. Petals yellow, broad at the apex.

Flowers large. Leaves serrate, ovate or oval, slightly and obliquely

cordate, abruptly acute at the apex, dark green above, white tomen-

tose beneath, nerves conspicuous beneath, 5-10 cm. long and 2-5 em.

broad.

Luhea unifiiora, St. Hil., Flor. Bras. Merid., i, 226, t. 57.

Asuncion (676). April. == Balansa 2009.

A shrub or small tree 5-8 m. in height, growing in copses

near Asuncion. It was only in fruit when collected, but attached

to the fruit were the bracteoles, which are green and thick, longer

than the fruit, linear-lanceolate, 8 or 10 in number. The fruit is a

hard, pointed, 5-winged nut, green and downy, 5 cm. long and 2

em. in diameter, the spaces between the wings concave, having 5

narrow cells projecting from the centre of the nut to the edges of

the wings. Remains of the petals show them to be white, and the

stamens very numerous.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 65

Prockea Crucis, L., Sp. Pl., Ed. 2, 745.

Asuncion (827). November.

A shrub 2-3 m. high with brown, smooth bark. Leaves nearly

glabrous and shining above, downy beneath, acuminate at the apex,

narrowed and subcordate at base, serrate, the teeth with blunt cal-

lous points, palmately 5-nerved, 3-10 cm. long and 23-7 em. broad,

on petioles 8-15 mm. long, stipules large, lunate, toothed, amplexi-

eaul. Flowers in short axillary racemes. Flowers about 5 mm.

high. Calyx lobes downy, ovate, abruptly acute at the apex, re-

flexed. Petals none. Stamens numerous, yellow. Ovary and

young fruit downy. Lach flower is on a downy pedicel 3-10 mm.

long.

The genus Prockea is referred by Hichler to the Bixinez.

ERYTHROXYLACE.

Erythroxylon microphylium, St. Hil., var. cuneifolium, Pey-

ritsch., Mart. Flor. Bras., xii, pt. 1, 134.

Pileomayo River (946). February.

A straggingly-branched shrub, with light brown, very warty bark,

4 or 5 m. high, branches mostly short. Leaves cuneate, 1-15 cm.

long, 5-7 mm. broad, retuse. Found only in fruit, a flattish, angled,

l-seeded berry, when ripe pulpy and dark red, about 5 mm. long

and 8 mm. wide. The persistent calyx has 5 ovate, acute lobes.

This shrub occurs only rarely along the banks of the Pilcomayo.

The ends of the branches are bare and sometimes inclined to be

spinescent.

MALPIGHIACEA.

Dicella bracteosa, Gris., Linnea, xiii, 250. Ex descr.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (479). January.

A large tree. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, cuspidate, entire,

glabrous and shining above, sparsely hairy beneath except on the

nerves, the hairs often bicuspidate, 5-10 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide, on

slender petioles 6—8 mm. long, which are biglandular near the mid-

dle. Flowers in terminal panicles 10-15 ecm. long. Sepals 5, oblong,

5 or 6 mm. long, silky with appressed hairs outside, whitish inside,

bearing 8 large glands. Petals none. The nut is nearly 2 cm. long,

obovate, covered, especially at the base, with silky, fuscous, appressed

hairs, not crested and angled as described in Flor. Bras., but even,

Annas N. Y. Acap. Scr., VII, Dec. 1892.—5

66 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

surmounted by the sepals and glands. The flower buds are very

silky with appressed fuliginous hairs, and the branches of the in-

florescence marked in the same manner.

Heteropterys angustifolia, Gris., Linnea, xiii, 223.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (487). January.

A liana climbing high among trees, shrubby, or looking like a

small tree. Leaves opposite, or alternate, willow-like, linear, cuspi-

date, entire, glabrous, 4-8 cm. long, and 4-8 mm. wide, on petioles

bracteolate and articulate midway, 2-5 mm. long. Flowers in ter-

minal corymbs 4-8 cm. long. Found only in fruit, but persistent

sepals 5, oblong, with 2 glands on the outside of each, and petals

3-toothed. Fruit a samara in 2s., 2 cm. long, broadly winged.

Heteropteris Pirayuensis, Morong, n. sp.

Suffruticose. Stem terete, angled or striate below, more or less compressed

and silky downy on the young branches, about 1 m. high. Leaves of a silvery

hue, opposite, entire, coriaceous, ovate, subcordate, apiculate, glabrous and

somewhat shining above, minutely downy beneath, often with 1 or 2 glands

near the base of the blade; the largest collected 8 cm. long and 5 cm. wide.

Petioles canaliculate above, eglandulose or biglandular near the apex, 5-10

mm. long. Flowers in small terminal panicles. Found only in fruit, but the

persistent sepals oblong, each with 2 glands on the back. Flowers 4 in the

umbel; pedicels jointed and bibracteolate above the base; bracteoles minute,

obtuse. Samaras 2 together, obovate or sometimes cultriform, the wing beau-

tifully purple-tinted, shining and sculptured with striz, about 2 cm. long, on

slender peduncles 10-15 mm. long.

Between Pirayu and Yaguaron (672). April 8.

Heteropteris amplexicaulis, Morong, n. sp.

A liana, twining over trees for 6 or 8m. Leaves numerous, opposite, lan-

ceolate, elliptical or nearly orbicular, amplexicaul, apiculate, entire, callous

on the margins, glabrous, somewhat shining above, lighter colored beneath,

eglandulose, 2-6 cm. long, and 15-3 cm. broad. Flowers in rather small ter-

minal panicles. Calyx 4 or 5 parted, obtuse, downy, membranous and ciliate

on the margin, with 8, sometimes 10 glands. Petals 4or 5, bright yellow, longer

than the calyx lobes (4 or 5 mm. long), rounded at apex, unguilicate. Pedi-

cels jointed and bracteolate just above the base, midway or near the apex,

occasionally glandular. Ovary quite hairy, the hairs sometimes reddish.

Samaras reddish-purple, 3, about 2 cm. long, pubescent below, the wing

sculptured with striz, broad, crenate on the upper margin.

Asuncion (199). November—December. = Balansa 2400.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 67

Hirza pulcherrima, Morong, n. sp.

A liana, often climbing on trees for 10 or 15 m. Stem terete, glabrous or

minutely appressed pubescent, especially on the young shoots and among the

inflorescence. Leaves deep green, opposite, entire, ovate, rounded at base,

acuminate at the apex, shining on the upper surface, pubescent when young,

5-10 cm. long, 3-6 cm. broad, usually biglandular at the base of the blade.

.Petioles 8-12 mm. long. Stipules minute, ovate, at the base of the petioles.

Flowers in terminal panicles, often over 30cm. long. Branches of the panicle

opposite, spreading divaricately, 3-10 cm. long, the flowers disposed race-

mosely or umbellately. Pedicels purplish, filiform, with minute bracts at the

base, sometimes bibracteolate and jointed a little above the base, 8-15 mm.

long. Sepals oblong, cbtuse, hairy. Petals larger, purple, unguilicate.

Ovary hairy. Samara 1, broadly 3-winged, clothed with long, appressed

white hairs, crested on the back, becoming more or less glabrate; wings

semiorbicular, separate or partly confluent at the base, striate, a shining

purplish-brown when mature, the whole in dried specimens appearing orbicu-

lar and about 15 mm. in diameter. Seeds solitary in the centre of the axis of

the wings. This liana is a great ornament to the woods when in flower, and

its curious fruit are no less attractive.

Asuncion (626). March. = Balansa 2405.

Hirza Salzmanniana, Juss., Monog., 312.

Chaco (431). March. = Balansa 24104.

In Bull. Soc. Bot. Suisse, i, 34, Prof. Chodat describes a var.

glandulifera based on this number of Balansa, with the character

that the leaves are biglandular at the base, with which our speci-

mens agree, but Grisebach in Mart. Flor. Bras., xii, pt. 1, 99, pre-

viously described a different variety under the same name, the

character being that the calyx is glandular.

A liana with small panicles or corymbs of yellow flowers; petals

6 or 7 mm. long, fringed, at the rounded apex. Sepals each bi-

glandular and white tomentose. Leaves glabrous or pubescent

when young, lanceolate or obovate, acute or apiculate, 10-20 cm.

long, and 3-7 cm. broad. Petioles white tomentose, stipuliferous

and biglandular at the apex. Wings of the samara separate, cre-

nate or undulate on the border, golden-brown at maturity.

Hirza macrocarpa, Chodat, Bull. Soc. Bot. Suisse, i, 35.

_ Asuncion (226); between the Recolleta and Luque(721). Decem-

ber-May. = Balansa 2408.

This species has round-oval, apiculate or abruptly acute leaves,

glabrous above, covered with long, appressed white hairs beneath,

6-12 cm. long, and 4—8 cm. broad, eglandulose or biglandular at

68 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

base of the blade. Petioles very short. Flowers few, in small

panicles, yellow or sometimes purple. Calyx with 8 glands. Fruit

very large, 3- sometimes 5-winged, the wings 2 by 34 cm., hairy,

purple-tinged, lobed, or irregularly dentate on the margins.

Janusia Guaranitica, Juss., Monog., 350.

Asuncion (704). November—May.

A very pretty little twining shrub, common in old fields and on

roadsides about Asuncion and on the Pilcomayo, often found climb-

ing upon herbaceous plants and small shrubs. The 5 green sepals

have each 2 bean-shaped glands on the back. Petals yellow, with

long claws, large ovate blades, widely separated, and the corolla

spreads open rotately in anthesis from half to three-quarters of an

inch in diameter. The ovaries are 3-carpelled, each carpel becom-

ing in fruit a 3-winged samara with the seeds at the base.

Janusia Barbeyi, Chodat, Bull. Soc. Bot. Suisse, i, 34.

Pilcomayo River (1090). January. = Balansa 2401, Herb. Kew.

Chodat, in his brief description of this species, cites this number

of Balansa in part. Our specimens appear slightly different from

our no. 704, but do not altogether agree with the characters assigned

by M. Chodat to J. Barbeyt.

GERANIACE A.

Tropzolum pentaphyllum, Lam., Encyc., i, 612.

Buenos Aires (14). October.

Oxalis articulata, Sav., Lam. Encyce., xv, 636.

Asuncion (656). April.

Flowers usually bluish-purple, sometimes white.

Oxalis corniculata, L., Sp. Pl., 435.

Asuncion (319). December.

An odd-looking little Oxalis, resembling a small clover in general

appearance. It throws out runners 10 to 15 cm. long, which root

at the joints, and from each joint rises a fascicle of stems and leaves.

Leaves ternately or quinately pinnate, the leaflets broader than long,

emarginate and ciliate. Flowers light yellow. It has a curious

habit in fruit. The peduncle is about 1 cm. long, .and articulated

half-way up, the joint marked by 2 small bracts. At the articula-

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 69

tion the peduncle bends sharply downwards, while the ripe pod

bends sharply upwards again and thus becomes erect. It grows

on the edges of the sidewalks and in the crevices of the bricks all

over Asuncion. Also along the country roads, but outside of the

city it attains a much larger size, with a corolla nearly 3 cm. in

diameter, and the petals marked by six short purple stripes near

the base inside.

Zanthoxylum Naranjillo, Gris., Symb. Flor. Arg., 76.

Asuncion (809). October.

A tall shrub 2-3 m. high, in dense thickets about Asuncion. The

leaflets are minutely crenate, with a row of transparent dots, one in

each crenature, and, when fresh, quite transparent along the vena-

tion. Flowers white, in large, terminal cymes. The stems and the

rachis of the leaves armed with stout curved spines, an ugly custo-

mer to deal with.

Pilocarpus pennatifolius, Lam., Jard. Fleuriste, iii, t. 263.

Asuncion (466 and 635). February—April. = Balansa 2514, and

Gibert 55.

The well-known Jaborandi, a medicinal plant of great value. The

long racemes of dark, lurid flowers, sometimes 20 or 25 cm in length,

are very striking. These contrast strangely with the dark green

coriaceous shining foliage. The fruit is equally striking. It appears

to be a large pod with a thick green shell, which dehisces on one

side by 2 valves. Within appear 5 other pods, into which the 5

cells of the ovary have developed, each containing a shining black

seed enclosed in a bladdery membrane that hardens in drying. A

shrub about 14 m. high, with smooth stem, branches, and leaves

and greenish bark, common in the thickets around Asuncion.

Helietta longifoliata, Britton, un. sp.

Glabrous. Leaves opposite; petioles 2-3 cm. long; leaflets sessile, lanceo-

late or slightly oblanceolate, narrowed or cuneate at the base, 5-10 cm. long,

1-2 cm. wide, the margins entire, the tip inrolled into a slender, curved pro-

jection about 3 mm. long; inflorescence terminal, loose, the flowers numerous,

about 2 mm. broad; samaras about 1.5 cm. long, the wing oblong, twice as

long as the body.

Caballero (457). January. = Balansa 2515.

A tree 8 or 10 m. in height, occurring on the hillsides near

Caballero, on the road from Villa Rica to Escoba. Flowers white.

70 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

SIMARUBE A.

Picramnia Sellowii, Planch. in Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot., v, 578.

Asuncion (823). October. = Balansa 2506.

A straggling shrub 1-14 m. high, with pinnate leaves and minute,

greenish flowers in long, compound, linear spikes. Leaves numer-

ous, shining above; leaflets 3-4 pairs, the largest 6-7 cm. long and

about 3 cm. wide.

MELIACE &.

Trichilia Cantigua, A. Juss. in St. Hil. Flor. Bras. Merid., ii, 53.

Asuncion (762); between Villa Rica and Escoba (448). January—

July. = Balansa 4655 and 25382.

A tree 8-12 m. high. Leaves pinnate; leaflets 5 or 6 pairs and

1 odd one, oblong, glabrous, shining above, 6-8 cm. long, and 2-3

em. wide. Flowers 3 mm. long, creamy-white, in small, close axil-

lary panicles or racemes along the branches.

Trichilia elegans, A. Juss. in St. Hil. Flor. Bras. Merid., ii, 79, t. 98.

Asuncion (834). November. = Riedel, 532, from Brazil, and

Balansa, 2530.

Differs from the preceding species in having numerous small,

bright green leaves, the leaflets 2-24 cm. long, 8-10 mm. wide,

broader in the middle, sloping to both ends, nearly sessile, retuse

or nearly truncate at the apex. Flowers minute, white, but little

more than 1 mm. long, in axillary racemes; petals very deciduous,

falling off at a touch. A rather smaller tree, but pueny more grace-

ful, with more numerous blossoms.

Cedrela fissilis, Vell., Flor. Flum. iv, t. 68, 177.

Asuncion (629).

This tree is known all over Paraguay by the name of Cedar,

although it bears no resemblance to the true cedar, except in its

light, red-colored heart wood. It often attains a height of 20 m. or

more, and is valued as the best cabinet-wood in the country, serv-

ing almost as well for that purpose as our red cedar, and therefore

worthy of the name. It has long straggling branches. The long

pinnate leaves give it an elegant appearance, and the great com-

pound panicles of flowers, from 4 to 6 dm. in length, are equally

striking. The ill-smelling leaves and flowers, however, are not

Plants Collected in Paraguay. TL

quite so attractive as the looks. The fruit is an obovate nut, 4-5

em. in length, and 24 cm. in diameter, with a thin, greenish-white

seurfy rind, looking somewhat like our butternut. It is one of the

few deciduous trees in Paraguay, the fruit hanging on long after

the leaves have fallen, which they do in April or May. The fruit

partakes of the malodor of the leaves and flowers.

ILICINE”.

Ilex Paraguayensis, St. Hil., Mem. Mus., ix, 351.

Asuncion (636). Not in flower or fruit.

The famous Paraguay Tea or Jesuits’ Tea, or Yerba Maté, as

it is variously called. It does not grow wild in eastern Paraguay,

but is found only in the yerbales along the Parana River in the

western districts. It is occasionally cultivated in gardens at

Asuncion.

CELASTRINE #,

Maytenus ilicifolia, Mart., Fl. Bras. xi, pt. 1, 8.

Lympio (735). May.

- A shrub about 2 m. high. Only in bud when collected. Flowers

apparently white. Leaves ovate or oblong, coriaceous, glossy, with

a callous edge and many spiny teeth on the margins, nearly sessile,

4-10 em. long, and 5 or 6 cm. wide.

Maytenus Vitis-Idza, Gris., Symb. Fl. Arg. 83.

Pilcomayo River (1049). May.

A shrub 3-5 m. high, common in the thickets on the banks of the

Pileomayo. It has very thick, flabby leaves, almost circular in

shape, so heavy that the shrub is bent nearly to the ground under

their weight. Flowers small, yellowish-green, in small clusters

along the branches. Fruit an oval, red berry, very scarce.

RHAMNEA.

Sageretia elegams (H. B. K.), Brong.

Pileomayo River (907). February. = Balansa 2420.

A shrub 3-5 m. high, with smooth light-colored bark. Leaves

on short petioles, opposite, ovate, coriaceous, serrulate, glabrous,

shining, acute, 4-8 cm. long, and 144 em. broad, the nerves beneath

prominent. Found only in fruit. Berry on a short pedicel, nearly

72 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

as large as a pea, red when ripe, 3-angled. This shrub is armed,

at least below, with stout, straight spines.

Retanilla?

Pilecomayo River (913).

Known to the natives as the Jacaranda or Caranda, a tree with a

trunk about 20 cm. thick and 10 or 12 m. high. A striking object

in the woods. I found it without flowers or fruit. The whole head

presents the appearance of chevaux-de-frise, being composed, appa-

rently, of long, stout spines, 8-25 cm. in length, thickened in the

middle and very sharp at the apex. These are really the branches.

Leaves reduced to 2 or 3 minute scales at the base of the branches,

very caducous. The trunk has a dark shaggy bark, and the heart-

wood is bluish-black, densely hard, with a small ring of white wood

next to the bark.

We suppose this to be a Retanilla, but Mr. N. E. Brown, of

Kew, doubts that it belongs to that genus.

Gouania tomentosa, Jacq., Amer., 263.

Asuncion (644). April.

A tendril climber, clambering in dense masses over shrubs and

small trees in thickets in the vicinity of Asuncion. Flowers white,

in long, slender, supra-axillary spikes, very conspicuous. Fruit a

globular, slightly 3-angled, fuscous-hairy capsule, 3-celled, with 3

large, flat seeds, one in each cell.

AMPELIDEA.

Vitis palmata (Poir.), Baker in Mart. Fl. Bras., xiv, pt. 2, 216.

Asuncion (138); Pilcomayo River (1091). Flower November ;

fruit May.

An interesting vine which J found climbing upon trees and fences

in the neighborhood of Asuncion, and afterwards upon shrubs in

the great lacuna on the Pilcomayo River. It has deeply divided

palmate leaves. Flowers small, wax-like, yellowish-brown, in

umbel-like clusters. Fruit a pear-shaped, purple berry, 1-celled,

l-seeded. Exceedingly hard to preserve, as the leaves and flower

clusters will disintegrate in spite of all endeavors. I never could

keep one of those collected about Asuncion, although I tried repeat-

edly to press them, but for some reason had no difficulty with those

of the Pileomayo region.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 13

Vitis sicyoides (L.), Baker in Mart. Fl. Bras., xiv, pt. 2, 202.

Asuncion (287). December.

A tendril climber which clambers very high over tall trees. The

lower part of the stem appears twin, as it has a deep channel in the

middle which seems to divide it into two parts, while the branches

are merely angled or grooved. Leaves deltoid, cordate at base,

with a broad sinus and rounded lobes, sharply serrate, smooth on

both sides, on petioles 2-4 cm. long. Flowers small, waxy-yellow.

Fruit a l-celled berry, containing 2 flat seeds which lie parallel with

each other across the cell, the sharp side uppermost.

SAPINDACE A.

Serjania fuscifolia, Radlk. Mon. Serj. 221.

Asuncion (772). May—June.

A liana with sulcate, fuscous-downy stem. Leaves biternate or

triternate, on long fuscous-downy petioles; leaflets ovate, doubly

serrate, nearly glabrous above and fuscous-downy beneath. Ra-

cemes much longer than the leaves; rachis fuscous-downy, axillary,

the lower part naked and 8-10 cm. long, the upper flowering part

of the same length. Flowers small, white. Fruit not seen. Ten-

drils at the base of the flowers.

Serjania glabrata, H. B. K., Nov. Gen., v, 110.

Asuncion (625). March. = Gibert 1036.

A liana 4-8 m. high. Differs from the preceding species in having

glabrous stems, only the young branches being puberulent. Leaf-

lets. glabrous, lobed or with a few large teeth. Fruit a 3-winged

samara, the wings confluent at the base, in dried specimens when

the lobes are pressed together looking cordate-ovate, 2-24 cm. long,

and 13-2 cm. broad. The wings are membranous and glabrous,

each bearing at the apex a globose seed nearly as large as a pea.

The flowers are on longer peduncles than in no. 772, and in

panicled racemes at the top of the stem, instead of heing in solitary

racemes among the leaves as in that; racemes much shorter.

Serjania meridionalis, Camb. in St. Hil. Fl. Bras. Merid., i, t. 76.

Asuncion (625b). March.

Found only in fruit, which is much smaller than that of no. 625,

the wings yellowish-brown when mature and striate, the samara in

74 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

the dried specimens being about 14 cm. long, and as wide or wider

at the base. |

Cardiospermum Halicacabum, L., Sp. Pl., 366.

Asuncion (650). April. Pilcomayo River (891). January.

Cardiospermum grandifiorum, 6w., Fl. Ind. Occ., ii, 698. (C.

velutnum, H. and A.)

Asuncion (238). December.

A liana climbing by tendrils. Stem striate, angled, pubescent,

becoming glabrate with age. Leaves ternate or biternate; rachis

2-4 cm. long. Leaflets ovate, 2-25 cm. long, and 14-34 cm. wide,

pubescent beneath, crenate-serrate or lobed, the teeth and lobes

mucronate or with a callous point. Flowers white, 7 or 8 mm.

high, numerous, in small corymbose clusters. Common peduncle

5-7 cm. long, striate, hirtulose. Tendrils twin at the summit of the

peduncle under the flowers. Pod ovoid, 4 or 5 em. long, 2-24 em.

broad in the middle, pubescent, a light yellow when fully mature.

Paullinia elegans, Camb., St. Hil. Fl. Bras. Merid.

Asuncion (153, 387 and 764); Trinidad (737); Pilcomayo River

(916 and 1092). November—J une.

A climbing vine, running over shrubs and tall trees with coriace-

ous, shining, pinnate leaves, the pinne of 2 pairs and one odd leaflet.

Flowers white, small, in axillary racemes, 8-10 cm. in length, on

long peduncles. The stem is that of a strong, woody liana, with

the tendrils generally two, at the base of the leaves. The fruit is

the most conspicuous part of the plant, consisting of numerous

bright red berries, as large as a cranberry, containing 3 shining

black seeds, which are enveloped, like those of Euonymus, in a

- white, mealy aril that covers about one-half of the seed. The juice,

though scanty, is milky, showing more clearly in the unripe fruit

than in the stems.

Paullinia pinnata, L., Sp. Pl., 366.

Asuncion (373); Pilcomayo River (892). January.

This Paullinia differs from the preceding species in having winged

petioles, pear-shaped and obtusely 3-angled fruit, with tendrils both

-on the stem and at the ends of the peduncles, the whole plant very

giabrous. Leaflets oblong, with a few large obtuse teeth. Pedun-

cles 8-10 cm. long.

Plants Collected in Paraguay 75

Schmeidelia edulis, Camb. in St. Hil. Fl. Bras. Merdi.

Asuncion (844). October.

A shrub with smooth dark-gray bark, covered with white dots,

13-2 m. high. Leaves ternate; common petiole about 2 em. long,

downy; leaflets elliptical, glabrous above, downy on the veins be-

neath, pointed at either end, sessile or subsessile, irregularly serrate

above, the largest collected 44 cm. long and 24cm. wide. Found

only in fruit. Berries small, red, in small axillary clusters, on

peduncles 12 mm. to 2 cm. long.

Cupania vernalis, Camb. in St. Hil. Fl. Bras. Merid.

Asuncion (752). June. = Balansa 2473.

A tree with dark-grayish bark, smooth or somewhat fissured be-

low, fuscous-downy on the young shoots, 10-15 m. high. Leaves

alternate, pinnate; petioles 2-7 cm. long; petiolules very short;

leaflets 5—7 pairs, oblong, rounded at the apex and base, the largest

collected 10-12 cm. long and 3 or 4 cm. wide, serrate, shining

above, a little downy on the prominent veins beneath. Flowers

small, white, or greenish-white, in axillary compound racemes, the

rachis and sepals downy. Flowers fragrant. Common name as

given to me by a native Paraguayan, Petato.

Thouinia Paraguayensis, Britton, n. sp.

A stout, climbing, tendril-bearing vine, the young twigs densely and finely

pubescent, angular. Leaves 3-foliolate; petioles 3-4 cm. long; leaflets

stalked, thick, densely and finely pubescent beneath, glabrate above, broadly

ovate, truncate but decurrent on the petiole,.obtuse at the apex, remotely

serrate, 3-4 cm. long, and about as wide; flowers minute, in subglobose, com-

pound cymes; cymes axillary, peduncled; samaras 3, 3 cm. long, the wing

obliquely obovate, twice as long as the seed.

Road to Lambare in thickets (625a). May.

Melicocca lepidopetala, Radlk., Sitz. Akad. Mun., 1878, 344.

Asuncion (817).

A large tree from 10 to 18 m. in height, often planted as a shade

tree about dwelling-houses in Asuncion, for which it is well adapted

by its numerous branches and crowded, evergreen leaves. The

native name, as it was spelled to me by a Guarani scholar is Ibapobo,

pronounced in English, as nearly as it can be represented, ivapuyu.

It bears one of the most highly esteemed native fruits, which are

often sold in the Asuncion market. This is about the size of a

76 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

plum, globular, with a thick, leathery rind, and a sweet, mucilagi-

nous pulp that adheres closely to the seed. The meat is quite

pleasant to the taste, but slightly astringent, and one may suck the

pulp-covered seed as though it were a soft gum. The seeds are

large, oval, with a soft shell, one, sometimes two, in the drupe.

Parodi (Not. Pl. Us. de Corrientes y Paraguay, p. 54) states that

the leaves are medicinal, and used in decoctions for mucous fluxes,

owing their properties to an essential oil contained in the vesicular

glands, which look like transparent dots, and to an astringent tonic

principle which all the tissues contain. Flowers in September ; ripe

fruit in December.

Sapindus Saponaria, L., Sp. Pl., 367.

Asuncion (722). Mav.

In Paraguay this is a small tree 5-7 m. in height. Found only

in fruit. The berries numerous, fleshy, greenish-yellow, about as

large as marbles.

ANACARDIACE A.

Schinus lenticifolius, L., in March. Anac., 164.

Near Jaguaron (668). == Balansa 2523 a.

A small shrub about 1 m. in height, in large patches upon the

open campo. ‘The red, capsular fruit, about as large as peas, look

almost exactly like those of the pepper tree (Schinus molle). The

fruit has a thin, brittle shell, which easily crushes between the

fingers, and contains a single, flattish seed covered with angles and

grooves. In fruit April 8.

Duvaua dependens (Ort.), Kunth, Dict. Sci. Nat., Livr. 47.

La Plata, Arg. Republic (28). October.

Duvaua spinosa (Engler), Britton.

Schinus spinosus, Engler, in Mart. Fl. Bras., xii, pt. 2, 388, t. 81, f. 2.

Pilcomayo River (952). March.

A shrub 5 or 6 m. in height, and a great nuisance about our

camp, as its short, stiff, stub-like branches are armed with sharp

thorns, and when cut down it was impossible to burn it or to put

it to any use. It seems to be all branches, as the leaves are few

and quite small. The flowers are small, white, polygamo-diccious,

scattered along the branches, and looking much like those of our |

Plants Collected in Paraguay. ee

Ilex verticillata. The fruit consists of a small, nearly globular

berry, blackish-purple when ripe, containing a single seed which is

flattish and irregularly grooved on the sides, and having a slight

aromatic taste. When fully mature, the rind becomes dry and

crushes into thin fragments under pressure.

I tried for several nights in succession to make a bonfire of a

heap of these shrubs which our peons had cut down, and though

every other shrub and tree in the region would burn readily, this

was scarcely scorched.

Quebrachia Morongii, Britton, n. sp.

A large tree. Leaves simple, oblong, thick and coriaceous, entire, pale,

reticulate-veined, obtuse at each end, mucronulate at the apex, 3-5 cm. long,

1.5-2 em. wide, glabrous, petioles 3-5 mm. long, staminate flowers rather

numerous, in small panicles ; calyx campanulate, glabrous, about 1 mm. long,

5-lobed nearly to the middle, the lobes ovate-oblong, obtuse ; petals 5, oblong,

obtuse, apparently white with a green midrib, entire, about 3 times as long

as the calyx, recurved at least when dry, slightly imbricated ; disc annular,

5-lobed, elevated ; stamens 5, alternate with the petals, inserted just outside

the disc; filaments short, thickened below ; anthers about the length of the

filaments, versatile, 2-celled, the cells longitudinally dehiscent; pistil none in

the single flower examined ; fertile flowers not seen; samara oblong, slightly

falcate, glabrous, 2-3 em. long, the seed-bearing, lower portion rugose.

This description is drawn from the flowers of Mr. J. Graham

Ker’s No. 55, kindly sent me by Mr. N. E. Brown, of Kew, and

the fruit of Dr. Morong’s No. 914, both from the Pileomayo River.

The species differs from all the other described ones of the genus in

its simple leaves. In the others they are pinnate.—N. L. B.

Known universally in Paraguay as Quebracho colorado. Que-

bracho or axe-breaker, as the Spanish word imports, is a very suit-

able name, for the wood is almost as hard as iron. The tree grows

to the height of 20 or 25 m., and 1-14 m. in diameter at the base.

It is found all through the Chaco territory in Paraguay, along

the Pileomayo River, on which these specimens were gathered, and

down the Paraguay River nearly to Corrientes in the Argentine

Republic. It is extensively used for building purposes, forming

solid logs which make admirable beams for bridges and other struc-

tures in which great strength is required. It is almost indestruc-

tible by time and weather. I saw doors made of the wood 150

years old, and they seemed as sound as ever. In the ruins of the

churches in the old Jesuit Missiones in eastern Paraguay there are

78 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

beams of this wood still standing, which are at least 250 years of

age. The wood is so heavy that it sinks in water like lead, and it

is almost impossible to cut it with a knife. In an attempt to bore

it with a common gimblet, I twisted the handle off before I had

penetrated the wood half an inch. The tree is stocky, somewhat

resembling the English elm in appearance, with a rough, shaggy,

grayish bark. The wood is ground up in Paraguay and used for

tanning purposes. The samaras are of a beautiful glossy red color.

The foliage is usually covered with gray usnea-like lichens, the

branches thick and bearing strong spines, so that it cannot be

regarded as a very handsome tree, although invaluable in those

regions as timber.

LEGUMINOS &.

Crotalaria anagyroides, H. B. K., Nov. Gen. vi, 404.

Gran Chaco (875). January.

Fruticose, 3-6 dm. high. Stems branched, striate, fuscous-pubes- _

cent. Leaves ternate, on petioles 3-10 cm. long; leaflets obovate

or elliptical, entire, pubescent, varying greatly in size, from 2 to 8

cm. long, and 6 mm. to 24 cm. wide. Flowers yellow, in terminal

racemes. Pods pubescent, 2-24 cm. long.

Crotalaria incana, L., Sp. Pl., 716.

Asuncion (225); Pilcomayo River (1093). December—A pril.

Medicago denticulata, Willd., Sp. Pl., iii, 1414.

Buenos Aires (1). October.

Indigofera Anil, L., Mant., 272.

Asuncion (205). November—December.

This well-known plant of the Kast Indies was formerly cultivated

largely in Paraguay for the manufacture of indigo, and is still used

to some extent for that purpose. It has become quite extensively

naturalized in the country.

Indigofera gracilis, Bong. in Ann. Nat. Hist., iii, 431.

Caballero (407). January. = Balansa 1568.

This species differs from the preceding in having simple linear

leaves, few and scattered, 3-6 cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide. The flowers

are purple, in long terminal spikes. A slender plant 3-5 dm. in

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 19

height, growing upon the open campo. It has a stout, shrubby

root.

Indigofera sabulicola, Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras., xv, pt. 1, 40.

Asuncion (185). November.

A small plant with thick, hard root, prostrate or ascending on

sandy soil. The small flowers are purple in color, in close heads,

or, when more developed, opening into short spikes. Leaves pin-

nate; leaflets cuneate or spatulate, retuse, mucronulate, 6-12 mm.

long, 3-6 pairs and an odd one. Pods hairy, 13-15 mm. long.

Many in dense terminal clusters.

Cracca cinerea (L.), Morong.

Galega cinerea, L., Ameen. Acad., v, 403.

Tephrosia cinerea, Pers., Syn., ii, 329.

Between Paragua and Luque (856). November—December.

A small shrub 15-30 cm. high, irregularly branching, with a

tough, woody root, growing in dry soil. Flowers purple, downy,

quite large for the plant, the petals 1-2 cm. in length. Leaflets

4-6 pairs and an odd one, pubescent, obovate, 10-18 mm. long,

mucronate. Pods pubescent or glabrate, 3-5 cm. long, solitary

or 1—4 in a cluster.

Sesbania exasperata, H. B. K., Nov. Gen., vi, 534.

Pileomayo River (934).. February—A pril.

A tall shrub-like, glabrous, much-branched plant, 2-25 m. in

height. Flowers light yellow, in short racemes on very long, naked,

pendent peduncles. Leaflets 25-30 or more. Fruit in a long, loose

panicle at the ends of the stem and branches, consisting of an elon-

gated, narrow pod (often 25 cm. in length and only 4 mm. broad),

with a sharp pointed apex and from 40 to 50 cross-partitioned cells,

which contain as many small, square, flattish yellow seeds. When

fully ripe, the leaves fall off and leave the plant covered with these

long, pendent pods, thus imparting to it a very striking appearance.

As the lower branches are the largest, the general outline is conical.

The stem has a large pith in the centre, and the wood is soft. Not

uncommon on the banks of the Pilcomayo.

Sesbania marginata, Benth., Mart. Fl. Bras., xv, pt. 1, 43.

Asuncion (621). February—March.

A cassia-like looking shrub, 24-3 m. in height, common on the

low lands around Asuncion. The flowers, which are quite hard to

80 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

eatch, are very fugacious, small, yellow. The most peculiar thing

about the plant is the fruit. This, notwithstanding the early dis-

appearance of the flower, is quite abundant, and hangs on for

several months. It consists of a 4-sided pod from 3 to 7 cm. in length,

with 3-6 cross septa, containing as many oblong beans, each of

which is imbedded in a light, greenish, dryish pulp. When dry the

pods are sharply angled, and the angles corky. From 4 to 7 pods

hang from a single peduncle. The stipules are even more fugaci-

ous than the petals, dropping off before the leaf is half developed.

/#schynomene falcata, D.C., Brod., ii, 322.

Caballero (400). January.

Stems very slender, almost setaceous, striate, pubescent, 5 or 6

dm. high, branched, erect or ascending. Leaves pinnate, on petioles

2-4 mm. long; leaflets 3-5 pairs, obovate, entire, sessile, mucronu-

late, minutely pubescent, about 5 mm. long. Flowers | or 2, diver-

gent, at summit of the branches, yellow, on a common setaceous

axillary peduncle, 2-3 em. long, and jointed and bracteolate in the

middle. Loments 5-jointed, glabrous.

/Eschynomene Montevidensis, Vog. Linnea, xii, 83.

Luque (310). December.

A shrub 25-3 m. high, with glabrous, glaucous stems. Leaves

scarcely 2 cm. long, with 20-30 pairs of minute, crowded, mucro-

nate leaflets, minutely pellucid-punctate. Flowers bright yellow, in

Jong, lax, nearly naked panicles. Loments glabrous, 3-10 jointed,

callous margined on either side, 2-5 em. long.

fEschynomene sensitiva, Sw., Fl. Ind. Occ., iii, 1256.

Asuncion (191). November.

A shrub 1-14 m. high. Stems terete, striate, glabrous below,

often hirsute and glandular on the young branches. Leaves with

10-20 pairs of pinne; leaflets crowded, 5-8 mm. long, oblong,

mucronulate. Petioles about 5 mm. long, clothed with dark glands.

Stipules greenish-purple, membranous, somewhat lunate, produced

into flaps at the base, acute, fugacious. Flowers yellow, the petals

striped with reddish or purplish veins. Sepals ciliolate, with dark

glands on the margins. Loments 3—4 cm. long, callous margined,

with 6-8 joints. Branches of this plant alternate, nearly erect,

very short, 3—4 cm. apart.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 81

Discolobium pulchellum, Benth., Ann. Mus. Vind., ii, 106.

Gran Chaco (377). January. = Balansa 1527.

Stylosanthes Guianensis, Sw., Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl., 1789, 296.

Asuncion (255); Caballero (399 b). December—Janvuary.

A suffruticose plant with strong ligneous roots, prostrate, ascend-

ing or erect, 1-5 dm. high. Stems terete, hirsute, with long, spread-

ing, yellow hairs. Leaves ternate, on petioles 5-15 mm. long.

Leaflets linear-lanceolate, entire, or with minute spiny serratures or

ciliz, spine-tipped, nearly sessile, with strong white ribs, the midrib

hirsute, 15-25 mm. long, and 3-5 mm. broad. Stipules connate

with petioles for half their length, 3-5 nerved, more or less hirsute,

tipped with 2 hirsutely haired, stout awns. Flowers in close heads,

small, yellow; bracts 3-pronged, hirsute or pubescent, looking much

like the stipules. Pods flattish, with a long curved beak, many

specimens, at least, containing only a single seed.

The variety in my specimens has much fewer leaves, narrower

and longer (2—4 cm. long), and only pubescent bracts, but perhaps

it is not the var. gracilis of Vogel. It seems, however, to vary

decidedly from the type.

Stylosanthes Guianensis, Sw., var. gracilis (H. B. K.), Vog. Lin-

nea, xii, 66.

Caballero (399). January.

Arachis prostrata, Benth., Trans. Lin. Soc., xviii, 159.

Near Villa Rica (187). January.

A small prostrate shrub, with tough, woody roots which run deep

in sandy soil, and stems 3 dm. or more in length. It has a bright

yellow flower with a large spreading standard, the keel with its

parts coalescing so as to show hardly any lines of division, solitary

on peduncles 3-8 cm. long. Leaves with 2 pairs of pinne, which

are oblong or obovate, mucronulate, the veins resembling those of

some species of clover, parallel and running from the midrib at an

angle of 45° to the margin. It flowers very freely, but seldom

shows any fruit. Common in old fields all the way from Asuncion

to Villa Rica. November—January.

Zornia diphylia (L.), Pers., var. gracilis (D.C.), Benth., Mart. Fl.

Bras., xv, pt. 1, 83.

Gran Chaco (361); Caballero (898 a). December—January.

Stem slender, 3-5 dm. in height, from tough, woody roots,

Annats N. Y. Acap. Scr., VII, Dec. 1892.—6

82 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

minutely silvery dotted. Leaves binate, that is with a pair of

linear, divaricate leaflets at the end of the petiole, but so few that

the stem appears almost naked. Stipules peculiar, being acute,

striate, and attached in the middle, that is with a flap below the

point of attachment nearly as long as the upper part. Flowers in

terminal spikes, each under a pair of bracts which are just like the

stipules. Standard large, purple and yellow, with deeper purple

stripes. Calyx of 5 segments, one of which is larger than the rest

and ciliate hairy. Fruit a loment of 7 or 8 joints, each joint covered

with prickles.

Zornia diphylia (L.), Pers., var. latifolia (D.C.), Benth., 1. ¢c., 81.

Caballero (398). January.

This form is quite leafy, the leaflets ovate-lanceolate, 2-3 em. or

more long, and 5-14 mm. broad. The delicate yellow flowers are

nearly hidden by a pair of large, oval, striate bracts.

Meibomia albiflora (Salzm.), Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl., i, 97.

Asuncion (105 a). November—December.

This genus, so far aS my experience goes, is very poorly repre-

sented in Paraguay. The species here noted has a very slender

prostrate puberulent stem, 3-34 dm. long. Leaflets round-ovate or

ovate, 3-5 em. long and 14-33 cm. wide, sparsely hairy. Flowers

pale rose color. Stipules free, cordate, lanceolate, very acute,

strongly nerved, Loment 1—4 cm. long, of 2-7 very hairy joints.

Meibomia barbata (L.), Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl., 195.

Caballero (408). January.

Stem erect, much branched, very downy, 3-6 dm. high. Leaf-

lets obovate, rounded, and retuse at the apex, glabrous above, pubes-

cent beneath, 2-3 cm. long and 1—2 em. or a little more in breadth.

Stipules longer than in No. 105 a, lanceolate, acuminate, striate.

Flowers small, rose-colored, in glomerate spikes or heads. Calyx

woolly. Bracts like the stipules.

Meibomia cuneata (H. and A.), Kuntze, 1. c., 197.

Asuncion (159); Pilecomayo River (937). November—February.

This plant, which grows in old fields around Asuncion, 1-14 m.

in height, occurs also on the campos along the Pilecomayo, where it

attains a height of 8m. The flowers are rose-colored, in great masses

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 83

at the top of the stem, and so great is the weight of the flowers and

fruit at maturity that they almost bend the stalk to the ground.

Stem much branched at the top, covered with a thick down, striate,

stiff and hard. Flowers small, bluish-purple.

Meibomia supina (Sw.), Britton.

Hedysarum supinum, Sw., Fl. Ind. Occ., ili, 1264.

Hedysarum incanum, Sw., 1. c., 1265, not Thunb.

Desmodium incanum, D.C., Prod., ii, 332.

Asuncion (105). November.

Cruminium Virginianum (L.), Britton, Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl., xviii,

269.

Asuncion (1lla). November.

Erythrina Crista-Galli, L., Mant., 99.

Luque (291). December—June.

Known in Paraguay as Ceibo. A shrub or small tree from 3 to 8m.

in height, common in wet grounds and along watercourses, much

resembling our Tupelo in general appearance. Trunk, limbs, and

petioles armed with small but strong hooked spines. The showy

flowers are in terminal racemes, conspicuous not only for their bright

red color but also for their curious elongated boat-shape, each of

them mounted on a reddish-purple pedicel. The standard is nearly

6 cm. in length, emarginate, oval, with an open fold or curled pro-

jecting part on each side at the base, the edges slightly cohering

over the other parts of the flower when young, but slightly spread-

ing with age; keel undivided, closing over the stamens and style;

laterals hidden under the large standard, each with 2 teeth, 1 tooth

much larger than the other. Fruit a cylindrical, smooth pod, often

20 or 25 em. in length, containing from 15 to 20 smooth, polished,

bluish, slightly curved seeds. This tree is sometimes cultivated in

gardens at Asuncion, but does not do so well as in the wild state.

The bark of the trunk is thick and corky below, and sometimes

employed as cork. I was informed by natives that a decoction of

it was regarded as a good remedy for throat affections.

Galactia tenuiflora (Willd.), W. and A., Prod., i, 206.

Lympio (730). May.

The specimens collected show a slender twining vine which climbs

over shrubs for 3 m.or more. Stems glabrous or pubescent. Leaf-

84 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

lets ovate, entire, glabrous above, appressed pubescent beneath,

obtuse at either end, 2-4 cm. long and 1-14.cm. wide. Peduncles

usually longer than the petioles. Corolla light yellow. Pod pubes-

cent, 4 or 5 cm. long.

Dioclea refllexa, Hook., f. Fl. Nigr., 306.

Caballero (472). January.

A liana with stems almost as large as cables, clambering over

trees 12-16 m. in height, and overpowering them with its multi-

tude of branches. It bears large spikes of magnificent bluish-pur-

ple flowers, but unfortunately the flowers, as well as the leaves,

drop off in the process of drying, so that herbarium specimens afford

but a very faint idea of the inflorescence as seen in its native woods.

The fruit is a large silky fuscous-hairy legume.

Canavalia ensiformis (L.), D.C. Prod., ii, 404.

C. gladiata, D.C., 1. ¢.

Asuncion (639 and 694). March—May.

A liana with a stout, strong stem, climbing over shrubs and trees

6-10 m. in height. Flowers in axillary racemes, yellow and pur-

ple, quite showy. The standard is a large, long, twisted body,

curiously convolute and lobed; keel tubular, closed around the

stamens and style, with a somewhat enlarged base, closely coiled

up and 8 or 10 cm. in length. Fruit a narrow, sharp-pointed pod

from 10-20 cm. in length, or often a ponderous bean-like pod, 25 cm.

long and 3 or 4 cm. broad, flat, with 2 sharp, longitudinal angles

near the top, concave in the centre, and containing from 10 to 20

small seeds lying crosswise and separated by thick partitions.

Phaseolus campestris, Mart.; Benth., Ann. Mus. Vind., ii, 141.

Pilcomayo River (904). February—March.

Reminding me of the sweet pea in looks, but with a flower much

inferior to that in beauty. Twining about small plants and bushes.

Stems and petioles fuscous-hairy. Flowers yellow, two or three

together, on a hairy peduncle about 20 em. in length, the standard

round, emarginate, spreading, 1-2 cm. high. Fruit a fuscous-hairy

pod, 5 or 6 cm. long and 5 mm. wide, containing 7 or 8 black,

smooth, irregularly shaped seeds marked with the white scar of

the hilum. This pea was very abundant about our camp on the

Pilcomayo River.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 85

Phaseolus erythroloma, Mart.; Benth. in Ann. Mus. Vind., ii, 141.

Asuncion (198); Pilcomayo River (993). November—April.

Stems stout, soft hairy, running over the ground or twining

about herbs and shrubs. Leaflets of the ternate leaves rhomboidal,

velvety downy. Just above each leaf is a conspicuous whorl of

green, downy, subulate bracts, about 1 cm. in length. Flowers on

peduncles 30 cm. in length, the lateral petals spreading, very dark

reddish-purple, imparting that hue to the corolla; standard green-

ish, much smaller than the laterals. Fruit a hairy pod containing

18 or 20 lenticular seeds, shining, mottled black and pale yellow,

marked with a white hilum scar. I found this at Asuncion in fields

and pastures, and in thickets on the Pileomayo climbing upon shrubs

5m. high.

Phaseolus Truxillensis, H. B. K., Nov. Gen., vi, 451.

Asuncion (127, 695, 778, and 778a). November—June.

Twining about herbs and shrubs. Flowers 1—2 cm. high, purple

and yellow; standard large, roundish, emarginate; wings obovate

and beautifully striped with purple. At the base of each leaflet is

a flat, thick gland. Fruit a heavy pod 12 cm. in length and about

1 em. wide, containing from 8 to 15 flattish seeds, undivided by

septa. The whole plant is clothed with thick, fuscous hairs. Very

variable in size and length of the stems, hairiness, and especially in

the size of the leaflets. In some specimens the leaflets are lanceo-

late with subhastate lobes at the base, 3-4 cm. long and 15-18 mm.

wide, in others they are rhombic-ovate, 12 cm. long and 8 cm. wide.

At times the stem and leaves are nearly glabrous. At times the

pod is much smaller than the dimensions given above and scantily

pubescent.

Phaseolus prostratus, Benth., var. angustifolius, Benth., Mart. FI.

Bras., xv, pt. 1, 192.

Caballero (414). January.

Phaseolus rufus, Mich., Mem. Soc. Genéve, xxviii, No. 7, 29?

Caballero (406). January.

A small twining plant, often trailing, in fields. The flowers are

white or a very pale yellow. Leaflets round or oval, 2 cm. long or

less. Not seen in fruit.

86 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Rhynchosia Balanse, Mich., l. c., 31.

Asuncion (646); railway track near Caballero (486). January—

April. “== Balansa, 1513." == Giberwloz2:

Rhynchosia melanosticta, Gris., Pl. Lorentz, 76.

Asuncion (724). May.

Rhynchosia Texana, T. andG., Fl. N. A., i, 687.

Pilcomayo River (1023). May.

The Rhynchosias here enumerated are small shrubbyish plants,

often with declining or prostrate stems, and racemes of yellow

flowers. Fruit a small pod with several flattish seeds. Except R.

Texana, which is twining or creeping, flowers a pale yellow, very

small, solitary or 2 or 3 together in axillary clusters. Fruit a flat

pod, 1 cm. long, containing a single seed. They all grow in dry

soil.

Pterocarpus Michelii, Britton, n. sp.

Twigs elabrous. Leaves pale, petioled, 9-12 cm. long, 5-7 foliolate; leafiets

stalked, broadly oblong, oval or slightly ovate, finely reticulated, rather thick,

entire, rounded or truncate at the base, obtuse at the apex, 4-7 cm. long, 2-4

cm. wide; raceme dense, 10-15 cm. long, about 3 cm. thick, the rachis, pedi-

cels, and calyx densely and finely pubescent with brown hairs; pedicels 4-5

mm. long; calyx oblique about 6 mm. long; corolla yellow, about twice as

long as the calyx; legume glabrous, rugose, narrowly winged on one side,

3-4 cm. long and nearly as wide, about 1 cm. thick.

Gran Chaco, opposite Asuncion (379). January.

The same as Balansa’s 1497, collected near the same place, and

provisionally referred by M. Micheli to P. Rohriz, Vahl.

A fine large tree from 13 to 20 m. in height, with a branching, wide-

spread head, and many shoots rising from the base. Covered at

the time of my visit with racemes of bright yellow blossoms, which

made it very conspicuous from a distance.

I visited this tree and others in the vicinity later in the season

in the hope of getting fruit, but all of them were barren. The fruit

described above is from Balansa’s specimen.

Bergeronia sericea, Mich., 1. c., 39.

Asuncion (285, 363 and 811). October-December.

An unarmed, stragglingly-branched shrub or small tree 3-10 m.

in height. Bark gray, smooth or warty. Leaves unequally pin-

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 87

nate, with 5—T pairs of leaflets. Flowers in racemes 8-10 em. long,

bluish-purple. Legume pluricelled, 2-8 cm. long and 6 or 7 mm.

wide, grayish-downy, containing 1-6 long yellowish beans marked

by the hilum, which is surrounded by a large aureole. This tree

occurs in the Chaco, opposite Asuncion, and east of the city in open

grounds.

Geoffroya striata (Willd.), Morong.

Robinia striata, Willd., Sp. Pl., iii, 1132 (1803).

Geoffroya superba, H. and B., Pl. Aiquin., ii, 69, t. 100 (1809).

Pilecomayo River (888). January—April.

This is one of the most noticeable trees on the Pilcomayo. It

sometimes attains a height of 13 m., with long, horizontal branches

stretching out over the river, on the borders of which it grows.

Bark rugged and dark colored, the wood very hard, not good for

timber, as it is knotty and seldom over 10 or 15 cm. in diameter.

Flowers in small axillary racemes, yellow, and leguminous in struc-

ture. This would hardly be supposed from the fruit, which is not

a legume, but a drupe or stone-fruit. When fully ripe, this is from

25 to 4 cm. in length, flattened-oval in shape, with a green, rather

thick downy husk or rind, which turns yellowish when mellow,

enclosing a thin, sweetish, edible pulp. The seed is a hard-shelled

nut, nearly as large as the fruit, irregularly grooved. This con-

tains a kernel which is much like an almond in shape and color.

We tried roasting these stones in the fire, and found the meat quite

pleasant to the taste. This in all probability gives the popular

name to the tree, ‘‘ Mani de los Indios” or Indian peanut, as it

certainly has little resemblance to the peanut in any other respect.

The plant is curiously intermediate between the Leguminose and

the Rosacex, in all respects belonging to the former by its flowers

and to the latter by its fruit. The stones, however, do not dehisce

along the edges as in the peach, but along the middle of the two

flattish sides. It might well be regarded as belonging to a distinct

order from the Leguminose. So far as the leaves are concerned,

they might belong to either family. This tree was very abundant

‘upon the part of the Pilcomayg between the Junta and the Falls,

and we often gathered the fruit. I found only a few flowers, as we

were a little too late in the season for them.

88 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Gourliza decorticans, Hook., Bot. Misc., iii, 208, pl. evi.

Pileomayo River, near the Falls (1024). May—June.

Very different in general appearance from the preceding species.

Our peons called it an ‘‘algorroba.”? A small tree some 6 m. in

height, much and stragglingly branched, all the shortest branches

armed at the end with a sharp spine. The tree at the time of our

visit was a mass of yellow flowers, the flowers not being in terminal

racemes as in no. 888, but massed together in clusters of short

racemes along the trunk and limbs, each raceme 3 cm. or less in

length. One of the most noticeable things about the plant, in which

it varies widely from 888, is the bark. The inner bark is green and

smooth; as it grows older it rolls up and peels off in dry scrolls,

leaving the young green bark in patches, thus imparting a singular

appearance to the trunk. In all the specimens that I saw the

_. flowers were infertile, dropping off and setting no fruit. We were

in the vicinity for two months, at least, and I should have found

fruit bad the trees borne any.

Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.), Britton.

Cesalpinia dubia, Spreng., Syst. Veg., ii, 343 (1825).

Peltophorum Vogelianum, Benth. in Hook. Jour. Bot., ii, 75 (1840).

Asuncion (685). April.

A tree with smooth bark, growing from 6 to 12 m. in height.

Young twigs and inflorescence covered with ferruginous down.

Leaves 20-30 cm. long, bipinnate; pinne oblong, numerous, 4-8

cm. long; leaflets 20—40 pairs, oblong, bright green, shining above,

oblique at the base, 6-8 mm. long. Flowers in very long, terminal

racemes, bright yellow, on pedicels 1-14 cm. long. Fruit a flat,

smooth, and glabrous legume, 6-8 cm. long, pointed at both ends,

with 2 sharp edges, containing a few bean-like seeds. This tree is

an abundant bloomer, and forms a conspicuous object in the woods

about Asuncion when in blossom.

Czsalpinia melanocarpa, Gris., Symb. Flor. Arg., 114.

Pileomayo River (912). February.

A large tree 16 or 25 m. in height, known among the natives as

Guiacén. The leaves bipinnate, having 3-4 pairs of pinne and 1

odd one; leaflets about 10 pairs, very small, obtuse. I found it only

in fruit, which consists of an oval or obovate, flattish pod 5—4 cm.

in length and about 2 cm. in width, with 2-5 small flattish seeds

lying crosswise. The tree has a very smooth, green, thin bark,

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 89

which is easily peeled off. The heart-wood is dark in color, some-

what bluish in tint, glossy when dry, the outer wood white, and all

the wood very hard and susceptible of a fine polish,

Cesalpinia pulcherrima (L.), Sw., Obs., 166.

Asuncion (150). November—February.

A very handsome shrub, with large, showy racemes of red flowers

at the ends of the branches, much cultivated in gardens at Asuncion.

5 red sepals, somewhat obovate, alternate with the petals and about

one-third as long; petals large, with broad, round, crimped sum-

mits, clawed, whitish on the edges, spread wide open in flower,

red and pale yellow; stamens and styles filiform, much exserted.

Flowers numerous and elegant in appearance. A thorny shrub

with handsome bipinnate leaves. Fruit a legume bearing several

large seeds. |

Parkinsonia aculeata, L., Sp. Pl., 375.

Asuncion (151); Pileomayo River (1094). November—December.

This thorny shrub, cultivated in Asuncion gardens, vies in beauty

with no. 150. I found it growing wild on the banks of the Pilco-

mayo, but at that time without flowers or fruit. Very different,

however, from its rival. The leaves, instead of being bipinnate,

might almost be called pinnate phyllodia, as they consist of a very

narrow blade 6-20 cm. long, bearing on the sides short oblong

pinne in pairs, 6-8 mm. apart. These leaves are very numerous,

drooping, and impart an elegant appearance to the plant. Flowers

in racemes at the ends of the branches, numerous, on pedicels about

24 em. long, light yellow. Sepals 5, reflexed in anthesis, one-third

as long as the petals; petals 5, about equal, the standard of a

brownish tint, all hairy at the base within. Stamens and styles

filiform, exserted. Legume narrow, few seeded. Flowers not as

' abundant or showy as in no. 150, but the peculiar leaves give it an

appearance almost as elegant. It is much used as a border along

the garden sides and streets in the suburban portions of Asuncion,

growing 3-8 m. in height. The numerous sharp spines with which

it is armed secure it very effectually from molestation.

Cassia absus, L., Sp. Pl., 376.

_ Asuncion (700). May.

The Cassias are very numerous in Paraguay, the most of them

tall, shrubby plants with showy yellow flowers, and long, many-

seeded pods.

90 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

I note a few points of difference among those here enumerated.

No. 700 is a glandular, much-branched herbaceous plant from 3 to

6 dm. high. The petiolar gland is erect, acute, one between tke

base of each pair of leaflets. Stamens 5-7, perfect, unequal. Fruit

a small, flat, glandular-hairy legume 3-4 cm. long and 4 cm. wide,

containing 6—8 seeds. Found in old cultivated fields.

Cassia alata, L., Sp. Pl., 378.

Asuncion (6438). April.

A coarse, rank, showy-flowered shrub, much branched, 2-3 m.

high, cultivated in Asuncion gardens and running wild. Pinne

8-11 pairs; leaflets oblong or obovate, 6-10 cm. long, 3-6 em. broad.

Flowers very numerous, in long terminal racemes. Legume long,

2-winged, the wings on opposite sides and with many cross ribs

which correspond to the septa, containing as many seeds as there

are septa, 10-12 cm.in length and 1-14 cm. wide.

Cassia bicapsularis, L., Sp. Pl., 376.

Asuncion (631). March—April.

A smooth shrub 2-24 m. in height, growing in the environs of

Asuncion. Leaflets large, 4 or 5 pairs, with a thick, greenish,

oblong, top-shaped or almost globular gland between the lowest pair,

and the whole leaf 8 or 10 cm. in length. Flowers showy, 2-3 em.

in diameter when expanded. Stamens 10,7 perfect and 3 abortive.

Pod nearly cylindrical, often 16 cm. long and only 4 em. in diame-

ter, with 2 furrows on opposite sides. On the Pilcomayo River in

fruit.

Cassia corymbosa, Lam., Encye., i, 644.

Asuncion (776); Pilecomayo River (1095 and 1096). May—June.

A shrub some 2 m. or more in height. Leaves with 2—4 leaflets

and an oval or globular gland between the first pair. Flowers

few, rather small. Pod 10-15 cm. long, 1 em. in diameter, with 2

convex sides and 2 deep furrows. Not common.

Cassia leptocarpa, Benth., Linnea, xxii, 528.

Asuncion (82). November.

A shrub with smooth, striate stem, some 2 m. in height, growing

in thickets about Asuncion. Leaflets 5 or 6 pairs. Flowers moder-

ately large, but showy. Stamens 10, in 8 groups, 2 long, 4 shorter,

all 6 fertile, the other 4 short and abortive. Fruit a thick, angular

Plants Collected in Paraguay. Sil

legume 15-20 cm. long, 3 mm. broad, very abundant. The petiolar

gland at the base of the petiole, and none between the leaflets

Downy on the upper part of the stem, petioles, and leaflet margins.

Cassia mimusoides, L., Sp. Pl., 379.

Caballero (404); Pilecomayo River (938). January—March.

This species much resembles our North American P. nictitans, L.,

although often much larger, sometimes reaching a height of 6 dm.

Stems suffrutescent at base, simple or branched. Flowers yellow,

small, in clusters or solitary on the stem. Gland elongated, cup-

shaped. Stem and leaves hirsute. Leaflets small, mucronate, 14-36

pairs, linear-oblong, oblique.

Cassia Morongii, Britton, n. sp.

Section Chamefistula. A shrub 13-2 m. high, the twigs, petioles, leaves

and inflorescence densely pubescent. Branches striate or angled; leaves

short-petioled 6—10-foliolate, 6-10 cm. long; leaflets 4 pairs, sessile, oblong-

lanceolate, acutish and mucronate at the apex, rounded at the base, 3-4 cm.

long, about 1 cm. wide; a sessile gland in the axil of one of the lower pairs ;

racemes 3—5-flowered, short-peduncled, terminal and in the axils of the upper-

most leaves; pedicels 4-8 mm. long; flowers bright yellow, 1-2 cm. broad;

legume stipitate, quadrangular, pubescent with scattered hairs, 5-6 cm. long,

6-7 mm. thick, the valves reticulated.

Pilcomayo River (1015). April. Resembles C. tomentosa, but

the pod very different.

A tall, branching shrub, occurring sparsely on the banks of the

Pileomayo. Flowers showy, in axillary clusters. The pod has a

sharp, subulate point, and contains from 30 to 40 small seeds lying

crosswise in as many cells. This was found at the Falls and in one

or two other places on the river, and always attracted attention by

its bright yellow flowers.

Cassia mucronifera, Mart., Fl. Bras., xv, pt. 2,116.

Villa Rica (613). January.

Stems and leaflets fuscous-hairy. Leaflets 2 or 8 pairs. Glands

erect, oblong, between each of the 2 lower pairs of leaflets, not cup-—

shaped. Flowers smaller than in no. 82 or 350. A shrub 9 to 12

dm. in height, growing upon the open campo at Villa Rica. It has

long, sharp and hairy stipules, not so deciduous as in most of the

species.

92 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Cassia oblongifolia, Vog., Syn. Cass., 23.

Asuncion (350); Pileomayo River (1097). December—January.

This merits the specific name bestowed upon it by Vogel, for the

leaflets of 4 pairs are decidedly oblong, being 34 em. long by 14 em.

broad. It is a much branched shrub, 13-2 m. in height, with a

terete stem, downy on the young branches. Flowers large, con-

spicuous, in terminal, leafy racemes, the corolla often 4 em. in

diameter when expanded, and spread wide open rotately. Glands

large, thick, one between each of the 2 lowest pairs of leaflets, or

one only. Fruit a cylindrical pod 6-10 cm. long and some 6 or 7

mm. in breadth. Common in thickets.

Cassia occidentalis, L., Sp. Pl., 377.

Asuncion (41). November—December.

A shrub 12-15 dm. in height, common both in the streets of

Asuncion and in fields on the outskirts of the town. Stem smooth,

terete or angled above. The whole plant rather ill-smelling. Leaf-

lets 4 or 5 pairs; petiole with a swollen articulation at its junction

with the stem, and a large, purple gland on its upper side at that

point. Flowers in small terminal clusters. Fruit a flat pod 7 or

8 cm. long, with a thick margin on each side; seeds oval, some 30

or more in the pod.

Cassia pilifera, Vog., Syn. Cass., 23.

Near Jaquaron (665). April.

A Cassia with the lowest stems and the largest flowers of any

that I have seen in Paraguay. Stems not over 3 dm. in height,

shrubby, with long, scattered white hairs, angled, often prone or

bending over towards the ground. Leaflets in 2 pairs, large, oval,

mucronate, ciliate on the margins and hairy on the veins beneath.

Flowers very showy, bright yellow, often 6 cm. in diameter when

expanded, frequently lying upon the ground from the bending of

the stems. Fruit a narrow, linear, downy pod, 25 or more cm. in

length. A large patch of this was found in the clearing around a

native’s house on the road between Pirayu and Jaquaron, some 30

miles from Asuncion.

Cassia rotundifolia, Pers., Syn., i, 456.

Asuncion (171). November. |

A small, clover-like plant, from 13 to 18 cm. in height. Stem

shrubbyish, covered with small, appressed, scattered hairs. Leaf-

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 93

lets 2, ciliate on the margins, rounded at the apex, narrowing and

oblique at the base, sessile, with a weak spinulose stipel. Flowers

very small, axillary, on a long peduncle, which is bent downwards

ata sharp angle with the stem, bright yellow. Fruit a legume

about 3 cm. long when ripe. |

Cassia serpens, L., Sp. Pl., Ed. 2, 541.

Asuncion (236). December.

A small trailing, branching shrub, 10-20 em. long, growing in

open, sandy grounds, Roots thick, woody, apparently perennial.

Stem pilose. Leaflets 4-5 pairs, oblong, cuspidate, oblique at the

base, sessile, 3-5 nerved, 5-8 mm. long. Gland stipitate. Flowers

bright yellow, solitary, on filiform pedicels 14-5 cm. long. Stamens

with long anthers and: scarcely any filaments. Legume not quite

3 cm. in length.

Cassia splemdida, Vog., Syn. Cass., 17.

Near Caballero (426). January.

A very large-flowered and showy shrub, 1-1} m. high, widely

branched. Stem smooth. Leaflets in 2 pairs, some of them 9 cm.

long and 4 cm. wide. Flowers almost as large as no. 665. Glands

‘horn-like, one between each of the two pairs of leaflets. Stipules

bristle-shaped.

Cassia Tora, L., Sp. Pl., 376.

_ Asuncion (175). November.

A shrub 1-14 m. in height, with a strong, rank odor. Stem

terete below, 4-gonous above, striate, covered with small black

‘glands or tubercles. Leaflets in 3 pairs, the gland thick, spotted

with black, looking like a wart between the two lowest pairs.

Flowers small, not over 1 cm. in diameter when expanded.

Legume 8-10 cm. in length and 4 mm. wide, squarish, on articu-

lated pedicels 2-3 cm. long, containing 25 or more greenish-yellow,

rhomboidal, slightly shining seeds.

Bauhinia microphylla, Vog., Linnea, xiii, 301.

Asuncion (284a). December.

A stragglingly-branched shrub or small tree from 3 to 6 m. in

height, armed with spines. The branches usually bend down-

wards. Bark purplish, smooth, striate. Leaflets a single pair,

94 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

small, at the end of a filiform petiole, a small spine projecting

between them at the base. The stipules consist of small spines.

Flowers greenish, in terminal racemes or clusters. The calyx is

entire, splitting down on one side when the flower opens, the tube

marked by 10 ridges. Legume 8-15 em. long, with a fleshy pulp;

seeds small, flattish, shining. The leaves are prettily marked with

purple-branching veins. This shrub is not very abundant, occur-

ring in thickets.

Piptadenia colubrina (Vell.), Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras., xv, pt. 2,

282. ;

Asuncion (371, 804 and 829a). Flower October; fruit January.

A handsome tree with smooth lightish-gray bark, from 10 to 13°

m. in height. It has a head of drooping limbs, and light,

graceful foliage. Leaves bipinnate, with 10-25 pairs of pinne;

each pinna with 50 or more pairs of light green, minute, oblong

leaflets. The main rachis is channelled above, and one-third of the

way up the petiole there is a small, oblong, flat red. gland which

looks like an insect resting upon it. Flowers light yellow, in

globular heads, axillary, in pairs. Fruit a large, flat pod, 4-17 em.

long, 2-34 cm. wide, with raised borders on each valve, dehiscing

on the lower side; the upper side, and sometimes the lower, wavy

or irregularly and deeply notched, imparting a jointed look to it.

The pod contains from 6 to 12 flat, dark brown, smooth seeds.

This tree grows in sandy, open grounds. The native name was

given to me variously, now as Yarupi, and now as Oypay, the y

sounding something like the French u.

Piptadenia communis, Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras., xv, pt. 2, 279.

Asuncion (756). Young fruit, June 20.

A tree similar to no. 371 in general appearance, in foliage, and

fruit, but handsomer in shape, the bark whitish, very smooth, and

the limbs rising upward and bending over in a graceful curve. The

petiolar gland is small, oval, and cup-shaped. It attains a height

of from 16 to 20 m., and forms a beautiful object in the monte

around Asuncion. - The leaves have only 6-9 pairs of pinne, the

ultimate segments a little larger than those of no. 371, somewhat

faleate in shape. The native name, as I understood it, is Verayu.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 95

Piptadenia rigida, Benth., Hook. Jour. Bot., iv, 338.

Asuncion (744 and 825). Flower November; fruit May.

A tree similar to the two preceding species, with very smooth,

light-gray bark, growing from 10 to 16 m. in height, common in

the vicinity of Asuncion. Petiolar gland green, elongated, cup-

shaped. Flowers greenish-yellow, in axillary, cylindrical spikes 4

or 5cm.in length. Pinne 2-6 pairs, ultimate segments somewhat

faleate, dark green, 16-30 pairs. Legume 3-10 cm. long and 1-14

em. broad, containing 2-6 flat, round seeds, which are attached by

long threads to the upper suture, and\enveloped in a hyaline mem-

brane.

Prosopis Alsarobilla, Gris., Pl. Lorentz, 83.

Near Luque (851). December.

An ungainly, very thorny tree, with straggling branches, 5—7 m.

high, growing on the open campo near the railroad track between

Paragua and Luque. ‘This is known to the natives as Espanilla, a

name commonly given to spiny leguminous trees. Also often called

Algarobo. Flowers white, in slender spikes 6-10 cm. long, either

among the leaves or on naked branches. Legumes slightly curved,

constricted between the seeds, 7 or 8 cm. long, containing 6-8 seeds.

Leaves 2-5 cm. long, glabrous or the rachis puberulent; leaflets

10-25 pairs, oblong, 3-nerved, the lateral nerves on the margins,

mucronulate, 3-5 mm. long, sessile. Branches very flexuous.

Prosopis campestris, Gris., Pl. Lorentz, 84.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (481).

This tree, so far as my specimens go, differs from the preceding

species only in having fewer and smaller leaves (2-3 cm. long),

smaller leaflets (2-3 mm. long), and longer and much-curled legumes.

Also called Espinilla.

Prosopis ruscifolia, Gris., Pl. Lorentz, 82.

Pilcomayo River (1098).

An algarobo 8-10 m. in height, very smooth; bark dark gray.

Leaves pinnate, with 3 or 4 pairs of large, smooth, elliptical leaflets.

Without flowers or fruit. The thorns of this tree are gigantic,

some of them nearly a foot long and half an inch thick at the base,

their wood densely hard, sharp-pointed, looking more like spears

than thorns.

96 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Neptunia pubescens, Benth., Hook. Jour. Bot., iv, 356.

Between Paragua and Luque (857). December.

A slender trailing shrub 20-35 em. long, entirely unarmed. The

leaves close at a touch as in Mimosa. It grows in hard dry soil.

Leaves bipinnate, with 2—4 pairs of pinne and 8—25 pairs of minute

leaflets. Flowers bright yellow, exceedingly pretty when fresh,

in solitary globose heads, on peduncles 3 cm. in length. Fruit a

smooth pod 2-3 cm. long and 5 or 6 mm. broad, flat, 2-edged, con-

taining 6-10 seeds, 2 or 3 together, shortly stipitate. Only a

minute, scattered pubescence on the leaf rachis.

Acuan virgata (L.), Med. Theod. Sp., 62.

Desmanthus virgatus, Willd., Sp. Pl., iv, 1047.

Gran Chaco (202); Pilcomayo River (1099). November—Feb-

ruary.

Stem branching, glabrous, angular, 1-14 m. high. Leaves bi-

pinnate, pinne 2 or 3 pairs, with about 30 pairs of small, oblong,

sessile leaflets on each pinnule. A large cup-shaped gland on the

rachis at the base of the pinne. Flowers small, greenish-white, in

small terminal clusters. Legumes 3-6 in the cluster, 4-6 cm. long,

about 4 mm. wide, acutely pointed, flat, turning black when ripe.

Seeds in one row, numerous, flattish, chestnut colored, shining.

This plant is very common in old fields in the neighborhood of

Asuncion.

Mimosa asperata, L., Sp. Pl., Ed. 2, 1507.

Asuncion (143). August-September.

The Mimosas are numerous in Paraguay. I collected 9 species,

and there are many more. They are usually small shrubs, very

spiny, often trailing upon the ground, always with handsome heads

of flowers. I give notes upon these species in order to show the

differences among them, which are sometimes very striking.

No. 143 forms dense, almost impenetrable, thickets on the bor-

ders of the Paraguay River, in the lowlands near Asuncion. It is

a thorny shrub 3-5 m. high, much-branched, the thorns straight or

a little hooked, 3-6 mm. long on the stem and petioles. Leaves

bipinnate, with 5-10 pairs of pinne, some of the pinne 8 cm. long

and bearing 41 pairs of leaflets, the leaves often 20 cm. long.

Flowers purple, in terminal racemes. Young shoots and stems

fuscous-hairy. Fruit a large legume, 5-6 cm. long and 1 cm. wide,

Plants Collected in Paraguay. SM

thickly covered with fuscous hairs, usually 3-6 together and spread-

ing divaricately, pluri-celled, a large flat seed in each cell.

Mimosa Balansez, Mich., Mem. Soc. Geneve, xxviii, No. 7, p. 52.

Asuncion (1500). August-September.

A small shrub, 15-25 em. high, with tough roots, growing on

grassy knolls. Pinne 2, divaricate, at the apex of a petiole 10-15

mm. long. Leaflets 6-10 pairs, oblong, mucronulate, pubescent,

5 or 6 mm. long. Heads purple, on short peduncles. Legumes

hairy, 10-15 mm. long, 2-3 seeded.

Mimosa conferta, Benth., Mart. Fl. Bras., xv, pt. 2, 331.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (477). January.

This I did not find in flower, but the fruit is very peculiar, the

legumes rolling themselves into balls, which are 3 em. in diameter

when mature. They are densely clothed with long, rather weak

prickles. A shrub 1-14 m. in height, stems and petioles covered

with prickles like those on the fruit. Leaves of 2 pinne, at the end

of a petiole; pinne 5-7 cm. long, with about 20 pairs of oblong-

cuspidate leaflets.

Mimosa diversipila, Mich., |. ¢., 57.

Caballero (429 and 504). = Balansa 1463. January.

A. fuscous-hirsute.and lepidote species, with an angular, spineless

stem 5-9 dm. high. Pinne 2, at the end of a very short petiole or

sessile, 4-6 cm. long. Leaflets oblong, cuspidate, oblique, strongly

lepidote and hirsute, about 8 mm. long, 12-20 pairs. Flowers

racemosely disposed on long naked terminal stalks. Heads globose,

about 1 cm. in diameter, purple, on short peduncles.

Mimosa Moronsgii, Britton, n. sp.

Branches and petioles pubescent with spreading hairs; petioles slender,

1-2 cm. long; pinne 4-6, digitate, short-stalked, 14-2 cm. long; leaflets

approximate, 14-18 pairs, obliquely linear-oblong, acutish, 3-5 mm. long, 2

mm. wide, hirsute-pubescent beneath, glabrous above; peduncles axillary,

longer than the petioles ; heads globose-ovoid, 1-15 cm. long; legumes sessile,

2-3-jointed, linear-oblong, acute, 14 cm. long, 4 mm. wide, the joints papillose

and somewhat pubescent. Similar to M. digitata, Benth.

Central Paraguay (728). May. The same as Balansa’s no. 1478

from Trinidad, referred by M. Micheli to M. hirsuta, Spreng.

Annats N. Y. Acap. Scr., VII, Jan. 1893.—7

98 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

A small creeping plant, 15-30 cm. in length, growing in hard

soil on the Gran Campo near Luque. Prickles few, small, straight,

mostly just under the leaves. Flowers a light purple, the heads

spreading and very pretty, especially in early morning when the

fresh dew is upon them. The heads of flowers upon this small

plant are quite striking, and its persistency upon the railroad track

over which trains are daily passing, and over which many people

are daily tramping, exhibits a toughness of vitality which deserves

notice.

Mimosa polycarpa, Kunth, Mim. 8,-t. 3.

Asuncion (101, 851, 773 and 779). Between Villa Rica and

Escoba (455). November—May. |

An erect, armed shrub 12-15 dm. in height, with beautiful, bluish-

purple flowers. Stems striate, covered with small, dark glands, and

armed with stout, curved or straight spines. Leaves bipinnate, or,

rather, with 2 long pinnate divisions at the end of a petiole 1 cm.

in length. Between these divisions is a projecting spine. Pinne

with 30 or more pairs of leaflets, which are spiny-serrate, and with a_

projecting spine at the apex. Fruit a spine-clothed Joment of 3 or 4

joints, usually borne in clusters, 4-12 or more in a cluster. Leaves

very sensitive. Common in thickets.

Mimosa rixosa, Mart.; Benth. in Hook. Jour. Bot., iv, 361.

Asuncion (131). November.

Creeping on the ground or climbing upon other shrubs. Stems

slender, clothed with hirsute, spreading hairs and numerous down-

wardly curved prickles, which have a dilated base. Flowers a

beautiful bluish-purple; heads 8-10 mm. in diameter, often twin,

on peduncles 1-2 cm. long. 2 pairs of pinne at the end of a petiole

2-5 em. long. Leaflets 2 pairs, oblong-elliptical or obovate, the

first pair very unequal, one being 2-3 cm. long and 7-10 mm. wide,

and the other 8 or 4 mm. long, all of them glabrous above and

sparsely setose or hirsute beneath, callous and setose margined, the

larger ones mucronate and the smaller aristate. Loments many in

a cluster, very setose, 1-2 cm. long, few-seeded.

Mimosa Alleniana, Morong, n. sp.

A low plant, with angular or striate ferruginous-hirsute stem. A close

somewhat glandular down, under the spreading hairs. Leaves mostly conju-

gate, but occasionally with 2 pairs of pinne on divaricate petiolules ; common

Plants Collected in Paraguay. oe

petiole 8-15 mm. long; secondary petiole about 5 mm., hairy like the stem.

Pinne about 4 cm. long, often a little curved; leaflets 5 or 6 mm. long and

2 mm. wide, 15-25 pairs, oblong, sessile, oblique at the base, mucronulate,

glabrous or minutely pubescent above, appressed-pilose beneath, ciliate with

long hairs, 1- rarely 2-ribbed, the midrib approximate to the margin; cross-

nerves distinct, 5 or 6 on each side of the midrib. Stipules persistent, lanceo-

late, very acute, striate, ciliate and pubescent, 5 or 6 mm. long. Flowers not

seen. Bracts ciliate. Legumes 1-1} cm. long, 4 mm. wide, with 2-4 joints,

constricted between the joints, apiculate, strongly appressed-pilose all over.

Railroad track between Escoba and Caballero (1501). January.

Named for Dr. T. F. Allen, of New York, a generous donor to

the equipment of the expedition.

Schrankia leptocarpa, D.C., Mem. Leg., 12.

Asuncion (85). November—December.

A stiff, angular-stemmed shrub, creeping on the ground, or run-

ning over bushes, to which it clings by its spines. Stems with

numerous, small, hooked spines, 15-24 dm. in length. Leaves bi-

pinnate, the rachis with a circle of spines at the base, and smaller

spines along its face; 4 or 5 pairs of pinne, a weak spine between

each pair; leaflets about 15 pairs, the secondary rachis ending with

a weak spine. Flowers bright, bluish-purple, in heads, the long

projecting stamens and styles giving them an elegant appearance.

Fruit a narrow, straight legume 6 cm. long, having upon it 10 or

more rows of straight sharp sete; seeds black, shining, irregular

in shape. The leaves of this plant are as sensitive as those of a

Mimosa, closing at a touch. Common in thickets.

Acacia aroma, Gillies in Hook. Bot., iii, 206.

Pilcomayo River (931 and 1502). February.

A thorny shrub 14-4 m. high. Leaves bipinnate, with spiny

stipules. Spines on the stems long and sharp. Flowers yellow, in

globular balls, about 1 cm. in diameter, and closely packed together.

The long, bright yellow, exserted stamens form the visible part of

the flower. Fruit a hairy legume, moniliform, 5—7 cm. long, with

5-8 joints. The flowers are not fragrant.

Acacia Bonariensis, Gillies, Hook. Bot. Misce., iii, 207.

Asuncion (49). November,

A very thorny shrub 2-5 m. high. Stem angled, smooth or

minutely downy, covered with long, sharp, dangerous spines

100 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Leaves bipinnate. Flowers light yellow, numerous, in slightly ob-

long (12-15 by 10-12 mm.) heads, which are racemosely arranged

at the ends of the branches. - Legume 4—6 cm. long, 15 mm. broad,

irregularly moniliform. The graceful foliage and elegant flowers of

this shrub are pleasant to look at, but the spines inflict dangerous

wounds, which are liable to cause gangrene in the hot climate of

Paraguay. Common in thickets.

Acacia Farnesiana (L.), Willd., Sp. Pl., iv, 1083.

Asuncion (751). June—July.

The well-known ‘“‘Aromita,”’ which occurs in many parts of South

America, on both sides of the Andes. It is a straggling shrub,

2-8 m. in height, armed with stout, dangerous thorns. Flowers a

deep yellow, in small, globular, fuzzy-looking heads. These are

much esteemed for their fragrance, and when placed in bureau-

drawers or trunks impart a delightful odor to clothing. Fruit a

turgid, fusiform pod, 3 or 4 cm. long, filled with a white, cottony

substance, in which many small, lenticular seeds are imbedded.

Cultivated in gardens and common in thickets.

Acacia?

Pilcomayo River (1050).

A tall, slender tree some 25 feet high, with slate-colored bark on

the trunk, and small hooked spines along the branches. Leaves

delicate, bipinnate, with a small, round, flat gland one-third of the

distance up the petiole. Pinne in 3 or 4 pairs, 5 cm. long; leaflets

3-5 mm. long, downy, mucronulate, 15-35 pairs, light green in

color.

Acacia.

Suburbs of Asuncion (1503). == Balansa 1428.

Both M. Balansa’s and Dr. Morong’s specimens were collected

only in fruit. N. L. B.

A small tree 4-6 m. high, glabrous, with gray bark and flexuous

branches, the branches glabrescent or puberulent. Spines small,

curved downwards, dilated at base, scattered or infra-petiolar.

Leaves bipinnate, with 2-4 pairs of pinne, without glands; leaflets

10-15 pairs, glabrous, linear, acute at the apex, oblique at the base,

2-3 nerved, 3-5 mm. long, not quite 1 mm. broad. Common

petiole 1-14 cm. long, downy. Stipules subulate, deciduous.

Flowers not seen. Legumes flat, glabrous, 2-4 cm. long, 8-10 mm.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 101

wide, irregularly moniliform, containing 4—8 oblong, flat, fuscous,

shining seeds.

Annesleya parvifolia (H. and A.), Britton.

Inga parvifolia, H. and A. in Hook. Bot. Misce., iii, 202,

Calliandra bicolor, Benth. in Hook. Jour. Bot., ii, 139.

Near Caballero (412). January.

A beautiful plant 15-25 em. high, growing by the railway track.

Leaves bipinnate; 4 or 5 pairs of pinne and 30 or more pairs of

small leaflets. The flowers are exceedingly striking, a large cluster

of them standing at the top of a long peduncle, the tubular corolla

mingled red and purple, and surmounted by a mass of long, filiform

or plumose purple stamens. 18 or 20 of these flowers are in the

cluster, each on a short pedicel. I found only 2 or 3 of these charm-

ing plants, though I searched long for more. They must be rare.

Fruit not seen.

Pithecolobium scalare, Gris., Symb. Flor. Arg., 123.

Asuncion (801). October.

A tree from 8 to 13 m. in height, with shaggy or broken, brown

bark. Thorny, but often unarmed; the spines when they occur 2

together, diverging, at a leafy node. Leaves bipinnate; pinnz 2-3

._ pairs, the pairs far apart. Flowers light yellow, looking much like

those of an Inga, which I at first took it to be. They occur in

axillary clusters, the corolla looking as though it were telescoped

by the calyx, and the stamens long and exserted. On the rachis

between the 3 pairs of pinne, and also on the secondary rachis

between the pairs of leaflets are green scutelliform glands. In open

grounds on the outskirts of the city. No fruit.

Pithecolobium Paraguayense, Benth., Trans. Linn. Soc., xxx, 574.

Lympio (736). May.

An unarmed shrub or small tree, with straggling branches, 3-6 m.

in height. Stem smooth, grayish-white, warty. Leaves 4-binate,

that is, with 2 pairs of binate leaflets, which are on a slender com-

mon petiole. Hach pair on a divaricate petiolule, and each leaflet

on a short articulated petiolule of its own. Not found in flower.

Fruit a black, rough, or velvety pod, about 4 cm. long and 1 cm.

broad, containing a single row of white, enamelled seeds, attached

to the valves by threads. The pods dehisce along the lower suture,

and the seeds are persistently attached by their threads. Thickets.

102 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Pithecolobium cauliflorum (Willd.), Mart. Fl. Bras., xv, pt. 2,

450?

Gran Chaco (360). December.

Agrees well with this species as to foliage and flowers; but the

pod is only 5cm long and about 2.5 cm. broad. It is the same

as Balansa’s no. 1386, incorrectly referred by Micheli to P. divari-

catum, Benth., of which I have seen the type in Herb. Kew.—N.L.B.

One of the most curious trees that I found in Paraguay. It is

thickly, stragglingly branched, some 8 m. or more in height, very

knotty, with white, broken bark. Entirely unarmed, but with a

mass of strong, ungainly limbs, Leaves coriaceous, digitately bi-

pinnate, that is, with 2 sets of pinnz which diverge from the end

of a common petiole or rachis, each with 2-6 leaflets. The flowers

are large, white on the calyx and corolla tube, with numerous,

showy, exserted purple stamens, in naked clusters on the old wood,

frequently on very large limbs. Styles as long as the stamens,

purple-colored above, and these with the numerous stamens (50 or

more) are very conspicuous, especially as the flowers are borne on

the old leafless portions of the branches. Fruit an arcuate, flat

pod 3-6 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, containing 2-5 roundish, flat,

smooth seeds, quite as curious as the flowers.

Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.), Morong.

Mimosa contortisiliqua, Vell., Flor. Flum., xi, t. 25.

Enterolobium Timbouva, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot., ili, 224.

Asuncion (271). November—December.

One of the most noble trees in Paraguay, known popularly as

the Timbo. Frequently cultivated as_a shade tree in the streets

and gardens of Asuncion, and common on the open campos around

the city. It grows to the height of 25 m., and its wood is used in

the construction of boats and in cabinet-work. It has a smooth

bark on the trunk, which on the branches becomes purplish, shining

and warty. Leaves bipinnate, bright green, giving a light, elegant

appearance to the tree. The branches rise in a beautiful symmetri-

eal head, bearing the leaves near their ends. Flowers white with

a delicate yellowish tinge, in clustered heads on a common peduncle.

Fruit a large, reniform pod, the largest 6 cm. broad and 5 cm. long,

pluricelled, containing many oval, hard seeds.

One of the few deciduous trees of Paraguay, the leaves dropping

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 103

off in April or June, and the fruit hanging on conspicuously till

July and August.

Inga afffinis, D.C., Prod., ii, 433.

Asuncion (528). October—January.

A small, rather handsome tree 5-8 m. in height, with long limbs

and thick foliage. Leaves pinnate, with 4 pairs of pinne, the leaf-

lets elliptical or lanceolate, a little shining above, sessile, entire, the

rachis between the pairs winged. Between each pair of leaflets is

a cup-shaped gland. Fruit an edille legume, 8-10 cm. in length,

with 2 thick, raised, fleshy margins, very downy, and with 10 or

12 septa, and as many seeds lying at right angles to the pod.

Several pods on a peduncle. The flowers of this tree are large and

conspicuous. The fruit eaten by the common people. Common in

thickets. Native name Inga.

COMBRETACE A.

Combretum Jacquini, Gris., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. Isd., 275.

Asuncion (822). October.

A bushy-headed and much-branched tree, with smooth, dark gray

bark, 9-15 m. high. Leaves numerous, crowded, entire, opposite,

coriaceous, dark green and shining above, lighter colored beneath,

elabrous or the youngest pubescent beneath, T-10 cm. long and 4-5

em. wide. Flowers greenish-yellow, the racemes disposed in clus-

ters on peduncles 2 or 3cm. long. The inflorescence rusty pubes-

cent and somewhat glandular. Calyx lobes and petals 4, the latter

yellow. Stamens 8, much exserted. The young branches of this

tree have the curious habit of ending in long naked twigs, which

twine about themselves like a vine. Fruit not seen.

Combretum Loeflingii, Eichler, Mart. Fl. Bras., xiv, pt. 2, 110.

Caballero (450). January.

A large tree. Young branches, rachis, petioles, pedicels, and

calyx lepidote. Leaves elliptical, 6-8 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide,

somewhat coriaceous, shining above, thickly lepidote beneath, on

petioles about 1 cm. long. Flowers in lateral racemes 4—6 cm. long.

Calyx and sepals reddish; stamens reddish-purple, much exserted,

3 or 4 times as long as the calyx. Petals much smaller than the

calyx lobes and nearly hidden by them. Fruit a 4 or 5 winged

104 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

samara, which in the dried specimens appears about 14 cm. in

diameter. |

In flower at Caballero; in fruit among the hills on the road

between Villa Rica and Escoba.

MYRTACE.

Psidium Guajava, L., Sp. Pl., 470.

Asuncion (118). November—December.

The well-known Guava, or ‘‘Guyada,”’ as it is written and pro-

nounced in Paraguay, so common in the West Indies. It is com-

mon both in gardens and wild at Asuncion. The tree grows 5-7

m. in height. The fruit, much like a small apple in size and shape,

is highly esteemed both as a fruit for eating and for making jelly.

It is yellowish-green when mature, and has a pleasant aromatic

odor and a soft reddish pulp full of seeds. Birds are extremely

fond of it, and so are pet animals like monkeys. To my own taste

the meat is rather insipid. The flowers are large, white, looking as

much like the flowers of a Rubus as anything.

Psidium Kennedyanum, Morong, n. sp.

A small tree 5-7 m. high, generally bent downwards at the summit. It

has the habit of P. Guajava, the outer bark scaling off and leaving a smooth,

whitish-green surface beneath, something like our Buttonwood. Leaves oppo-

site, glabrous, entire, elliptical, acute at either end, or the tip acuminate and

sometimes curving upwardly, slightly revolute; midrib prominent beneath,

veins and venules distinct, curving into a connected marginal vein, the same

color on both sides, minutely pellucid-punctate; blades 3-7 cm. long, 1-2 cm.

wide, on petioles 3-7 mm. long. Branches terete, or slightly compressed at

the apex, glabrous. Flowers solitary, axillary, in peduncles about 2 cm. long.

Calyx closed in bud, 6 or 7 mm. long, in anthesis rupturing to the disk in 4

er 5 very thick ovate lobes. Petals 4 or 5, white, free, oblong, obtuse, 8 or 9

mm.long. Stamens numerous; filaments filamentous; anthers capitate, fixed

near the base. Style erect, 7 or 8 mm. long, about the length of the stamens ;

stigma capitate. Ovary 5-celled. Berry pyriform, 2-2} em. long, 13 cm.

broad, glabrous, minutely rough, many-seeded, surmounted by the remains

of the calyx and the disk cavity, which is about 5 mm. broad.

Abundant in dense woods in some localities on the Pileomayo

River (890). January.

Called Guyada chica by our peons, who easily recognized its

similarity to the common large Guava of the country. It is here

named in honor of Dr. Geo. G. Kennedy, who generously con-

tributed towards the expenses of my expedition.

i j

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 105

Myrcia Guavira, Parodi, Cont. Flor. Par., iv, 142.

Near Asuncion (838).

A large fruit-bearing tree, found both wild and cultivated in

Paraguay. The bark is silvery, breaking into long glistening

fibres, at least on the young branches. Leaves opposite; sub-oppo-

site or the lower alternate, glabrous, simple, entire, the margin

callous or, on the older leaves, eroded, transparent along the vena-

tion, and minutely punctate with translucent dots, broadly elliptical

or oval in outline, running into an acuminate point at the apex,

sloping at base, the largest blades 12 cm. long by 7 cm. wide; on

short, channelled petioles. The fruit is often sold in the Asuncion

markets and greatly esteemed. It is yellow, as large as a plum,

the flesh sweet and palatable, but slightly astringent, containing

from 6 to 8 small, flattish seeds, to which the gum-like pulp closely

adheres. The tree and the fruit are known popularly as the Guavira.

Fruit in October and November. The flowers I did not see.

Myrcia ovata, Camb. in St. Hil. Fl. Bras. Merid., ii, 229?

Pileomayo River (894a). = Balansa, 1305.

A shrub 3-5 m. in height, with brownish bark and clean erect,

fuscous-downy branches. Flowers too young to make out. Leaves

numerous, coriaceous, downy on midnerve below, pellucid-punctate,

oval and pointed at both ends, opposite above and alternate below,

on very short downy petioles. In woods.

Myrcia ramulosa, D.C., Prod., iii, 250. Ex descr.

Pilcomayo River (907a). February.

A very branching shrub, with light-colored or brownish bark,

3-5 m. high. Young branches glabrous or minutely fuscous-pubes-

cent. Leaves oval or ovate, opposite, entire, glabrous, coriaceous,

obtusely acute at the apex, obtuse or somewhat acute at base, shin-

ing above, light green on both sides, pellucid-punctate, 2-44 cm.

long, 1-2 cm. broad in the middle; midrib prominent beneath and

the surface reticulate veiny; petiole channelled, pubescent, 2-5 mm.

long. Flowers not seen. Panicles lateral or terminal, axillary, 2—4

em. long, 3—7 fruited, the lowest pedicels 5-8 mm. long. Berries

when ripe red, 7 or 8 mm. in diameter, crowned with the calyx

which has 5 small, roundish ovate, often minutely ciliolate, reflexed

lobes, finally deciduous, leaving an orbicular operculum. The thin

pulp is dotted with minute tubercles and sweetish to the taste.

106 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Fruit 2-celled, each cell containing a single, yellowish seed with a

shining membranaceous test.

Myrcia Assumptionis, Morong, n. sp.

A shrub 234 m. or more high, with reddish, scaly or corrugated bark,

much branched, the branches opposite and sometimes tetragonous above.

Young branches compressed, white villous. Leaves numerous, opposite,

pellucid-punctate, lanceolate, rounded or subcordate at base, sharply or

obtusely acuminate at the apex, revolute when dry, 3-7 cm. long, 1-24 cm.

broad ; nerves elevated on both sides and the midrib a little sulcate above;

young leaves white villous below, especially on the midrib, soon glabrate.

Buds silky canescent. Flowers small, white, in glabrous terminal panicles,

3-5 cm. long, many-flowered, the branches of the panicle 1-5 flowered, all the

flowers pedicelled. Flower bud globose; calyx lobes shorter than the petals,

ciliate, glabrous; petals glabrous, rounded above, 2 or 3 mm. long; calyx

and petals reflexed in anthesis ; stamens numerous, exserted ; style about the

length of the stamens. Bracts and bracteoles linear, 1-2 mm. long, ciliolate,

caducous. Ovary 2-celled. Berry about 5 mm. in diameter, red when ripe,

containing a single bony seed.

In copses.. Asuncion (260). December.

Eugenia camporum, Morong, n. sp.

A small shrub 5-6 dm. high, glabrous, the bark silvery-white, dotted by

scattered dark glands. Young branches glabrous, reddish-brown, dotted with

small, yellow, pellucid glands. Leaves opposite, entire, elliptical, coriaceous,

revolute, pellucid-punctate, sometimes bearing a few scattered fuscous glands

beneath, sessile, narrowed at either end, obtuse at the apex, 3-6 cm. long,

1—2 cm. broad; doubly limb-nerved, the veins distinct and the midrib promi-

nent beneath and slightly sulcate above. Flowers not seen. Fruit a red berry

as large as a strawberry, gland-dotted, 7-8 ribbed, containing a thin, red,

sweet pulp, and one large flattened-globular seed about 1 cm. long; test crus-

taceous. Peduncles drooping, filiform, solitary or 3 or 4 together, axillary or

from a defoliated node, 12-20 mm. long. The fruit is crowned with 4 oblong,

coriaceous, gland-dotted, venose, concave sepals.

Very near Stenocalyx glaber, Berg., in Mart. FI., xiv, pt. 1, 337,

but differs from that species as described in its narrow elongated,

obtuse leaves, number of the peduncles, and in other points. It

seems also to be the ‘‘Hugenia Micheli?” of Parodi in Cont. Flor.

Par., Fasc. iv, 122, but that species (Z#. uniflora, L.) has much

shorter ovate or obovate leaves, and is a much taller shrub, with

smaller fruit.

Near Asuncion, open grounds (832). Fruits in November. -

Guarani name Nangapari-mi, fide Parodi.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 107

Eugenia Parodiana, Morong, n. sp.

A branching glabrous shrub, 1-2 m. high, with whitish, scaly bark which

is often dotted with small black glands. Young branches glabrous, often

compressed, dotted with small yellow, translucent glands. Leaves opposite,

entire, elliptical, 23-6 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, narrowed at either end, obtuse

at the apex, midrib prominent beneath, impressed above, veins and veinlets

raised, with an arcuate marginal nerve, revolute when dry, pellucid-punctate,

the punctuations elevated; on a narrowly winged petiole 2-5 mm. long.

Flowers pedicelled, pedicels solitary or 2 pairs on a short raceme, glabrous,

axillary or at a defoliated node on the branches, the pedicels and rachis of

the racemes 4 or 5 cm. long. Flowers very small, calyx lobes glabrous or

ciliolate, petals white, and with the disk pubescent, clawed, both calyx and

petals reflexed in anthesis. Style as long as the stamens, uncinate at the

stigma. Bracts and bracteoles minute, ovate, ciliolate, caducous. Ovary

2-celled, the cells several ovuled, apparently ripening only one seed. Fruit

not seen.

In sandy soil east of Asuncion (821). October-November.

= Balansa, 1314.

Eugenia uniflora, L., Sp. Pl., 470.

Pilecomayo River (894). January.

Compared with a specimen collected by Lorentz in the Argentine

Republic and so named by Grisebach.—N. L. B.

A branching shrub about 3 m. in height, with grayish or brown

bark. Flowers too young to be determined when first observed.

Leaves (longest) 5 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, simple, entire, opposite,

ovate, obtusely pointed at both ends, shining above and lighter

ereen beneath, pellucid-dotted. I afterwards found good fruit. It

is an edible, pleasant-tasting berry, depressed globular, slightly T-8

angled, crowned with the oblong persistent calyx lobes, solitary or

in axillary clusters along the stem, quite pulpy and bright red, with

yellowish meat when ripe, containing a single flattish,{erustaceous

seed; on peduncles 2-3 cm. long. Birds are very fond of the fruit,

and the crops of many ‘‘turkeys” that we killed were full of the

berries. Common in thickets on the banks of the Pilecomayo.

Eugenia caulifiora (Mart.), D.C., Prod., iii, 273.

Asuncion (614). Fruit, March.

A well-known fruiting tree of Paraguay, called Y-ba-pi-ri, or,

in English Hivapuru, by the natives. 5-8 m. high, with smooth,

greenish bark. The flowers and fruit grow along the trunk, some-

times almost to the ground. Flowers very small, white, in short

108 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

clusters. Leaves opposite, pellucid-punctate, dark green above,

ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, rounded at base, the largest 4 cm. long

by 2 cm. broad. Petioles 2 or 3 mm. long, pubescent. Young

leaves and branches pubescent. Fruit 1-14 cm. or more in diameter,

very dark purple when ripe, looking like a plum, with a white,

somewhat astringent pulp that clings closely to the seeds. Seeds

2-4, irregularly shaped, soft-shelled. Often sold in the markets of

Asuncion.

MELASTOMACEA.

Rhyncanthera rosea, Cogn. in Mart. Flor. Bras., xiv, pt. 3, 181.

Luque (293a). December. Named by A. Cogniaux.

A square-stemmed plant about 6 dm. high, with showy rose-

colored flowers and rough prickly stalk and linear leaves. Flowers

in terminal racemes. Open grounds.

Tibouchina herbacea (D.C.), Cogn., 1. c., 408.

Between Pirayu and Jaquaron (664). April. Named by A.

Cogniaux.

A handsome purple-flowered plant 6—9 dm. high, growing on the

open campo. Corolla smaller than in the other species collected,

the petals being about 1 cm. in length. Stems and leaves densely

villous and tomentose. It bears numerous blossoms in long termi-

nal panicles.

Tibouchina gracilis (Bonpl.), Cogn., 1. c., 386.

Luque (293); near Caballero (598). December—January.

A very showy-flowered plant, 3-6 dm. high, growing in open

grounds. Corolla bright purple-red, the petals 2 cm. in length.

Flowers in long terminal racemes. All the species are bristly .

hairy, the hairs rising from papille on the stem. In this species

the hairs are prickly, white, spreading upwards or appressed, in no.

664 they are fuscous below and curve downwards. :

Leandra atropurpurea, Cogn., l. c., pt. 4, 106.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (456). January. Named by

A. Cogniaux.

A shrub, 5-7 dm. high, with dark-setose stem and leaves, the

hairs stiff and spreading. Leaves opposite, oval-lanceolate, the

largest collected 10 cm. long and 53 cm. wide. Petiole 1-2 cm.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 109

long. Panicles10 or 12 cm.long. Berries capsular, 4-7 mm. long,

fuscous, setose and glandular-tomentose, 1 to many on each pedun-

cle. Found only in fruit.

Miconia staminea (Desr.), D. C., var. parvifolia, Cogn., 1. ¢c., 231.

Caballero (502). January. Named by A. Cogniaux.

A shrub in dense thickets on the banks of the Tebicuary, near

Caballero, 3-4 m. in height. Flowers large, yellow, in terminal

panicles. Fruit a red berry. Leaves simple, smooth, oval, or

elliptical, thick, the blade about 10 cm. in length. Upper part of

the stem covered with a cinereous scurf.

According to M. Cogniaux (D.C., Mon. Phaner. vii, 725),

Miconia is antedated by Tamonea, Aubl., Pl. Guian., i, 441 (1775),

but the name does not appear on that page of our copy of Aublet’s

work, but is published on page 659 of the second volume, for the

verbenaceous genus with which it is usually associated. Leonicenia,

Scop. (1777), is, however, doubtless an equivalent of Miconia, R.

& P. (1794), and would be adopted here, but for the uncertainty

which we feel concerning Tamonea, Aubl., which, if really any-

where in Aublet’s book before page 659, ought to be taken up.

We have failed to find it, but have concluded to allow Miconia to

stand.—N. L. B.

LYTHRARLA.

Cuphea Balsamona, C. and 8., Linnea, ii, 363.

Asuncion (76). November.

A small plant 15-20 em. high, with a stem 4-gonous above and

terete below, growing in open, grassy grounds. Calyx somewhat

inflated, with a gibbous swelling at the base, in which is a nectary.

Petals 6, small, red, inserted on the calyx tube at its summit be-

tween as many small green projections. In fruit the pod and calyx

burst open irregularly and emit the seeds, which are compressed,

with 2 sharp and margined angles slightly cordate at the top, or,

rather, the callous margins join cordately.

Cuphea spicata, Cav., Ic., iv, 56, t. 381.

Asuncion (136). November.

A glandular hairy herb about 3 dm. in height. Flowers in ter-

minal racemes, the petals purple. The fruitis peculiar. Perianth

persistent, closing as a pod over the ovary at maturity. The pod

110 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

contains 10 or more flat seeds arranged in a sort of head, lying im

bricately upon each other in 3 or 4 rows and attached at the base,

the uppermost covering the rest in a sloping direction, the whole

surmounted by the persistent style and stigma. At maturity the

seeds separate, and appear attached to the receptacle by minute

stalks. The pod bursts open irregularly and the seeds with their

stalks are thrust out. In open grounds.

Pleurophora saccocarpa, Kehne, Engl. Bot. Jahrb., ii, 426.

Pilcomayo River (869). January. = Balansa 2218.

A shrubby, little, branching plant from 3 to 9 dm. in height.

Flowers with red petals, numerous, crowded, in long racemes upon

the stem and branches. Calyx enclosing the ovary in a sort of

sack, whence the specific name. Stamens 6 or 7, filiform, much ex-

serted, giving a graceful look to the flower. Found in open grounds

at the Obraje de Pedro Gill.

Neszea salicifolia, H. B. K., Nov. Gen., vi, 192.

Asuncion (129). November.

A shrubby, bushy-looking plant, common in low, open grounds

and around watercourses. The bright yellow petals, long, exserted

stamens, and numerous flowers impart a showy look to the inflores-

cence. Similar in its long slender leaves and willowy stem to the

Nesexa verticillata, so common about our ponds.

Lagerstroemia Indica, L., Sp. Pl., Ed. 2, 734.

Asuncion (8387).

A handsome flowering shrub with roughish brown-colored bark,

5 or 6 m. in height, cultivated in gardens at Asuncion. Flowers in

large terminal panicles or compound racemes, rose-colored, showy.

Flower buds enclosed in a broad, somewhat membranous bract, and

the flowers with 5 and 6 crimped and lobed petals. Flowering a

large part of the year.

Punica Granatum, L., Sp. Pl., 472.

Asuncion (846).

The Pomegranate, or Granada, as it is called in Paraguay, is not

a native of the country, but has been introduced probably from

southern Europe. A shrub 8 or 4 m. high, with showy scarlet

Plants Collected in Paraguay. sia

flowers and a large edible fruit, often cultivated in gardens. It

seems to flower at all seasons of the year, or, rather, at almost any

season when the tree is old enough for the purpose.

ONAGRARIE A.

Jussizea decurrens (Walt.), D.C., Prod., iii, 56.

Caballero (425). January.

This was so determined after a comparison with specimens at

Kew thus labelled, but it is very doubtful if it can be included in

this species. The stems are very slender, 3-9 dm. high, angled but

not winged. leaves linear or lanceolate, the linear leaves 4-12

em. long, 2-8 mm. broad, the others 3-5 cm. long and 7-10 mm.

broad, all acute at both ends and sessile or shortly petiolate. The

yellow flowers are large and showy, the petals often measuring 2

em. in length, 3 times as long as the ovate, acute calyx lobes. The

capsules appear to be those of J. decurrens, but they and the flowers

are on pedicels 5 or 6 mm. long. Growing on the railroad track.

Jussiza lagunz, Morong, n. sp.

A shrubby plant occurring in the great laguna of the Pilcomayo River.

Stem glabrous, terete below, angled and striate on the branches, 9-12 dm.

high. Leaves alternate or fascicled, 1-nerved, glabrous or rough on the mid-

rib and margins, entire, sessile, oblong-linear, acute at the apex, acuminate at

the base, the largest collected 5 or 6 cm. long and 3 or 4mm. wide. Flowers

bright yellow, solitary, axillary, shortly pedicelled, 3 cm. high and 5 or 6 cm.

in diameter when expanded ; sepals 4, ovate, acute, $ as long as the petals,

with 2 free, subulate bracteoles at the base; petals 4, nerved, rounded or with a

shallow sinus at the apex ; stamens 8, equal, longer than the style, included ;

disk well marked, the curved lines of the lobes strongly woolly; style pro-

duced. Capsules tetragonous, 8 nerved, clavate, slightly compressed and 2 or

3mm. broad at the apex, 13-2 cm. long, sloping at base into a pedicel about

5mm. long. Seeds nearly round, flattish, scarcely + mm. long, striate under

the lens, very numerous.

Pileomayo River (1035). May.

Jussiza octonervia, Lam., Encyc., iii, 332.

Asuncion (137a and 137b). November.

A shrubby plant 12-18 dm. in height, common in wet grounds.

The 4 petals broad obovate, emarginate, feather-veined, yellow and

showy. Leaves mostly narrow linear-lanceolate, sometimes 24 cm.

broad. Pods 8-nerved.

112 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Jussizwa Peruviana, L., Sp. Pl., 388.

Asuncion (137). November.

About as tall as no. 137 a, but a much larger and coarser shrub.

Leaves 24-4 cm. in breadth. Pods large, scattered, obovoid,

4-nerved and 4-angled. Both this and the preceding species are

downy or hirsute, and common in low grounds.

Jussiza pilosa, H. B. K., Nov. Gen., vi, 10], t. 532.

Asuncion (771). May.

Hairy, branching, 3-5 dm. high, in water or on low lands. Leaves

linear-lanceolate, 2-74.cm. long. Flowers yellow, small, the corolla

not much over 1 cm. in diameter when expanded. Pod long, linear,

downy or nearly smooth. At Asuncion and on the Gran Campo

10 or 12 miles from Asuncion. Ffetals in this species 5. Stem

stout and angled.

Jussiza repens, L., Sp. Pl., 388.

Asuncion (178 and 290). November.

A small creeping bog plant common in low lands, 8—20 em. high,

d-parted. Corolla small, yellow, about 1 cm. in diameter.

Jussiza sericea, Camb. in St. Hil. Fl. Bras. Merid., ii, 254.

Luque (302); Caballero (427). December—January.

This is the broad-leaved form of the species alluded to in Flor.

Bras.

A half-shrubby plant 6-9 dm. high, with silky and ferruginous-

hairy, angular stem, numerous leaves, and large, sulphur-yellow or

purplish-yellow flowers, with fugacious petals. Petals and calyx

lobes 4; stamens 8. Style thick and fleshy; stigma large, globular

or oval. Around each petal at the base, on the ovarian disk, is a

semicircular hairy fringe. Leaves sometimes 12 mm. broad, Pod

4-celled, with numerous small seeds. In dry open grounds.

SAMYDACE A.

Casearia sylvestris, Sw., Fl. Ind. Occ., ii, 752.

Asuncion (765). July.

A smooth shrub or small tree 5 or 6 m. in height, with gray bark.

Leaves numerous, crowded, lanceolate, acuminate, alternate, pellu-

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 113

cid-punctate; 5—7 cm. long, serrulate, the teeth callous-tipped, shin-

ing on the upper surface, often hanging downwards and the pairs

meeting back to back. Petioles 3 or 4 mm. long. Flowers very

small, white, in axillary clusters, the clusters appearing like verti-

cels, looking much like those of our /lex verticillata. Apetalous;

divisions of perianth 6. Anthers 10 or 12. Thickets.

Banara Brasiliensis (Schott.), Benth. Jour. Lin. Soc., v, App. 2, 91.

Near Asuncion (689). April.

A tree 8 or 9 m. high, with gray bark, conspicuous in the woods

for its numerous yellow blossoms. Sepals 3, pubescent on the out-

side, alternating with 3 petals, the corolla 10 or 12 mm. in diameter

when expanded. Stamens numerous, yellow, conspicuous. Leaves

alternate, glabrous and shining above, pubescent on the nerves be-

neath, on petioles 1-2 cm. long, which bear 1 or 2 cup-shaped glands

at the top; the largest blades about 15 cm. long and not quite half

as wide; the serrulate teeth callous or with a small round gland

beneath. Jerry a little larger than a pea, containing many small

seeds, which are distributed irregularly, imbedded in a fleshy pulp.

Style persistent as a beak. Flowers in rather loose terminal pani-

cles 8-12 cm. long. Young branches cinereous-pubescent.

Banara tomentosa, Clos., Annal. Sci. Nat., ser. 4, viii, 240. Ex descr.

Near Asuncion (750). = Balansa 2293 a and 2293 b.

A tree about 9 m. in height, with grayish bark, the young

branches, inflorescence, petioles and leaves covered with close white

stellate and single hairs. Leaves simple, ovate, abruptly and

obtusely acuminate, 5-nerved from the base, the nerves prominent ;

the largest blades 15-20 cm. in length and 5 cm. broad, with dark

callous serratures, or a black gland in their place. Found only in

fruit, which consists of close, pyramidal, terminal panicles of yellow-

ish-red berries with a juicy pulp in the interior, containing 6 or 8

small, minutely pitted, irregularly-shaped, dark-colored seeds, dis-

tributed at random through the pulp. The pulp stains the fingers

purple. Berries 5 or 6 mm. in diameter. Panicles 4-6 cm. long.

In woods.

Annas N. Y. Acap. Sci., VII, Jan. 1893.—8

114 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

TURNERACE,

Named by R. A. Rolfe.

Turnera nervosa, Urban, Mon. Turn., 108.

Caballero (609). January.

A shrubby plant from 15 to 20 em. high. Silky hairy on the in-

florescence, especially on the flower buds, and smooth on the stem

below. The floral leaves or foliaceous bracts are immediately below

the flowers, so that the flowers appear without the adnate peduncle

common to the genus. The cup-shaped glands large and conspicu-

ous. A very delicate, large, light-purple corolla, 2 cm.long. Leaves

oblong, glabrous above, pubescent on the midrib beneath, serrate

above, the largest 3 cm. long and 1 cm. wide, biglandular at base.

Petioles scarcely none. All the species and varieties here enumer-

ated grow in dry soil, and have hard tough roots. All have some-

what vermiform, whitish or brownish pitted seeds.

Turnera ulmifolia, L., var. cuneiformis (Poir.), Urban, Mon. Turn.,

138.

Caballero (608). January.

About as high as no. 609. Stem and leaves covered with long

white or fuscous appressed hairs. Leaves oval, crenate-dentate,

cuneiform at base, 2-4 em. long, 1-2 em. broad. Petioles 3-7 mm.

long, white tomentose beneath and darker above. Flowers large,

light yellowish-purple.

Turnera ulmifolia, L., var. elegans (Otto), Urban, Mon. Turn., 139.

Asuncion (222). December—January.

Stems very hairy with white appressed hairs, 2-3 dm. or more

high. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, with large serrate teeth,

the blades 3-6 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, biglandular at base, sloping

into a petiole about 1 cm. long. Flowers large and showy, violet-

colored, with a deep purple base inside, radiating on the petals above

in lighter purple and yellowish lines. The corolla spreads wide

open, about an inch in diameter. This plant is very abundant on

the railroad track near Asuncion. I always found it inhabited by

large black ants which resented disturbance.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 115

Turnera ulmifolia, L., var. Surinamensis (Miq.), Urban, Mon.

Turn., 143.

Pilcomayo River (1504). January.

This variety differs from the preceding forms in having a much

taller stem (sometimes 5 or 7 dm. high), short or very short hairs

on the main stem, leaves from linear to oblong-lanceolate, 2-4 cm.

long, 5-15 mm. broad, and with petals of a single color.

Piriqueta cistoides (L.), Meyer, Ex Steud., Nomencl., Ed. 2, ii, 724.

Pilcomayo River (884). January.

Stems slender, angled, beset with stiff, spreading, tawny hairs,

2-4 dm. high. Leaves, petioles, and calyx covered with stellate

down. The whole plant has a grayish aspect. Flowers small,

yellow, axillary, solitary or somewhat clustered at the top; fruit

on long peduncles, about the size of a pea. Growing among tall

grass on the campo. .

Piriqueta Morongii, RB. A. Rolfe, n. sp.

Perennis. Rami glanduloso-setuliferi. Folia petiolata, lanceolato-ovata,

subacuta, subserrata, glanduloso-hispidula, 14-15 poll. longa, 6-8 lin. lata;

petioli 13-2 lin. longi. Flores axillari, solitarii, heterostyli. Pedicelli glan-

duloso-setuliferi, 6-9 lin. longi. Calyx 4 lin. longus, hispidulo-hirsutus ;

tubus 1 lin. longus; lobi lanceolati, acuti; squamz late suborbiculares, ob-

tuse, fimbriato-dentate, 3 lin. longe. Petala violacea, obovata, 5 lin. longa.

Stamina 24 lin. longa; anther oblonge, apice recurve, basi profunde bifide.

Ovarium sericeum; styli glabri, 13 lin. longi, apice breviter multipartiti.

Capsula tuberculata, hirsuta; semina obovato-oblonga, recta v. parum cur-

vata, leviter reticulato-striata.

Central Paraguay, Morong (220). In dry soil about Asuncion,

December.

The species here briefly characterized is nearly allied to P. Tam-

berliki, Urban (known to me only by description), next which it

may be placed, but it has far smaller leaves, and comes from a

different region.

In addition to the description given by Mr. Rolfe, it may be said

that the stems are 3 or 4 dm. in height. The corolla is violet, with

deeper purple stripes on the outside, having a deep purple base on

the inside, upon which rests a beautiful 5-pointed green star. It

spreads wide open rotately at anthesis. Seeds nearly black when

mature.

116 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

PASSIFLORE.

Named by Dr. M. T. Masters.

Passifiora coerulea, L., Sp. Pl., 959.

Asuncion (141). November—January.

Climbing over shrubs to a height of 6 m. or more. Very branch-

ing and leafy. Leaves small, smooth, 5-7 deeply palmately lobed.

Flowers small, greenish-yellow. Fruit the size of a small hen’s

egg, orange-colored.

Passifiora foetida, L., Sp. Pl., 959.

Asuncion (577); Pileomayo River (935). January—February.

A charming little Passion-flower, 6-15 dm. high, climbing upon

herbs or small shrubs. Flowers pure white or light purple, not

larger than a silver half dollar when expanded, and enclosed in

large, finely dissected involucral bracts, the ultimate segments of

which are tipped with small glands. Stems hispid with yellow

spreading hairs. Leaves cordate, mostly 3-lobed, the lobes some-

times angled or lobed, the 2 lower lobes much rounded at base.

Fruit a bladdery pod nearly half as large as a hen’s egg.

Passifiora foetida, L., var. gossypifolia (Desv.), Masters in Mart. FI.

Bras., xiii, pt. 1, 582.

Asuncion (223). December. = Gibert 1031.

Were it not for the determination of Dr. Masters, who hesitates

about separating this from P. foctida, var. gossypifolia, I should not

doubt its distinctness, for it bears little resemblance to no. 577, of

which it is called a variety. Stems climbing 3-7 m., densely and

closely tomentose, as are also the leaves. Leaves 3-lobed, but very

differently from 577. The 2 lower ones stand out hastately at right

angles from the erect upper one, and have a very broad, shallow

sinus below. ‘Tendrils very stiff and strong, opposite the leaves.

Flowers blue, small, the involucral bracts shorter than the flowers,

the segments few, short and undivided, glandless. Stipules appa-

rently obsolete. Not seen in fruit.

Passifiora Maximiiliana, Bory, Ann. Sci. Phys. Gen., ii, 149, t. 24.

Pilcomayo River (896 and 1032). January—May.

Stem 4-angled, downy, climbing over low shrubs. The leaves

quite curious, being composed of 2 long linear leaflets, which are

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 117

thoroughly united at the base, spreading divaricately so as to appear

as if there were only a single leaf 7-15 cm. in length, standing at

right angles to the petiole. This is 8-20 mm. wide at the widest

part, and obtuse or acuminate, sometimes aristate at each end.

Flowers very light purple, not over 4 cm. in diameter. Fruit about

as large as a plum and dark purple when mature. JI found this on

the banks of the Pileomayo near the ‘“‘ Junta,” and very common

in the water of the great laguna above the Falls, where its numer-

ous dark berries were very conspicuous.

Passifiora Tucumanensis, Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 3636.

Pilecomayo River (1505). May.

Leaves glabrous, nearly equally 3-lobed, with a broad, rather

deep cordate sinus at base. Flowers large, sepals greenish; petals

light purple. Fruit not seen. Climbing 5-6 m. or more. In

thickets.

Carica Papaya, L., Sp. Pl., 1036.

Asuncion (370). January.

This tree is usually called the Mamona or Mamon in Paraguay.

It is the well-known Papaw of the West Indies, and has been ex-

tensively cultivated in tropical South America for centuries. The

fruit, about as large as an apple, is much liked by the natives, but to

me it seemed insipid. The juice is milky, and has many valuable

properties, among others that of rendering tough meat wrapped in

the leaves quite tender. I tried many experiments with the leaves,

and found that they readily dissolved small cubes of fresh beef and

the white of a hard-boiled egg. This juice is highly esteemed as a

pepsin, and for other medicinal qualities. For an account of the

tree and its ally (no. 389) and their chemical and medicinal proper-

ties, see my article on Carica quercifolia, in the Bulletin of Phar-

macy for April, 1891, p. 163.

Carica quercifolia (St. Hil.), Solms. in Mart. FI. Bras., Fasc. cvi, 178.

Villa Rica (389). January.

Much resembles the preceding species in general appearance, but

the leaves are simple instead of being palmately 7-cleft as in that.

It is somewhat smaller, being from 3 to 7 m. in height, and it is

dicecious, whereas the other is monecio-polygamous The fruit is

small and not edible, pulpy and perishable. It has the same prop-

118 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

erties as the Mamona, if anything even more active in dissolving

meat fibres. The name Jacaratia is applied by the natives to this

species, although it is not the true Jacaratia. A native of Para-

guay, and common around Asuncion as well as Villa Rica.

CUCURBITACE A.

Named by A. Cognieux.

Momordica Charantia, L., var. abbreviata, Ser. in D.C. Prod.,

iii, 311.

Asuncion (45). November—May.

This vine is one of the most noticeable plants in the suburbs

of Asuncion, climbing in thick masses over fences and shrubs to

the height of 5 or 6 m. or more. Stem slender, glabrous, much

branched. Leaves glabrous, deeply 5-cleft, the lobes broadened at

the top and irregularly lobed or toothed. Flowers small, yellow,

axillary, on long capillary peduncles. They are monececious as in

other Cucurbitacezx, but instead of there being first a pistillate and

then a staminate flower on the stem, those of one kind are on one

branch, and the other on a different branch. The fruit is especially

conspicuous. The ovary is green, covered with rows of spiny

projections, running up into a long point upon which the flower is

seated, 3-celled, several ovules in each cell, with a thick fleshy pulp.

In the fruit 1, or sometimes 2, of these cells become abortive, and

the ovary develops into a large, angular, oval body clothed with

tubercles and spiny protuberances, which finally turns yellow, the

pulp of which decays, leaving in the shrivelled shell 12—20 red flat-

tish seeds, which stick like mucilage to each other and everything

which they touch. These pepos hang on long, pendent peduncles,

and at once attract attention. The roots are large, woody and

tough, and are said to possess valuable medicinal properties, and

similar virtues are attributed to the fruit. The pulp is quite nause-

ous both to the touch and taste.

Melothria Cucumis, Vell., Flor. Flum., i, t. 70, 29?

Pilcomayo River (1506).

A vine climbing 6 m. or more by tendrils in thickets. Leaves

cordate, 4 or 5 inches in diameter, smooth, palmately 5-cleft, the 2

lower lobes hanging downwards below the others, all the lobes

sparsely angled or toothed. Fruit oval, nearly as large as a hen’s

egg, blotched with white and green.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 119

Melothria uliginosa, Cogn. in Mart. Fl. Bras., vi, pt. 4, 26.

Asuncion (761); Pileomayo River (986). April_July.

This vine is rather delicate, climbing by thread-like tendrils over

stumps and underbrush, or running along the ground and rooting

at the nodes. Leaves broad-ovate, 5-lobed or angled, deep green,

the surface sprinkled with silvery, hardly punctate, dots, and some-

what prickly hairs, ciliate on the margins. Petioles 2-5 em. long,

like the stems angular and often prickly haired. Flowers minute,

rough downy on the exterior, yellow, and the 2 kinds on different

branches on the same plant as in no. 45, or sometimes fully diceci-

ous. Fruit an oval pepo 5—7 cm. long, 1-2 cm. in diameter, pointed

at both ends, 3-celled, with many small seeds in each cell.

Cucurbitella cucumifolia (Griseb.), Cogn. in Mart. Fl. Bras., vi, pt.

4, 70.

Pilecomayo River (930, 936 and 1508). February—April.

A dicecious vine common on high banks along the Pileomayo

River. Leaves deeply 3-cleft, and the lobes toothed and lobed.

Flowers rather small, yellow, mealy-granular on the outside of the

petals. The plant runs several metres on the ground or over small

shrubs and herbs. Fruit yellow, smooth, oval or obovoid, 3-4 em.

long, filled with small flattish seeds, brownish-black when mature.

The plant has a large, thick, woody root which runs deep into the

dry soil in which it grows. Leaves rough on both surfaces, deep

green, on stout striate petioles, 3-4 cm. long, the petioles with 1 or

2 rows of mmute hooked prickles. One can feel occasionally the

same kind of prickles on the stems.

No. 1508, which is possibly a variety, has a leaf which is acumi-

nately pointed at the apex, and the lateral lobes irregularly formed

or none, 6—7 cm. long and 4—7 em. broad, cordate. The leaves

appear to be polymorphous in many of the specimens collected.

Cayaponia citrullifolia (Griseb.), Cogn. in Griseb. Symb. Flor. Arg.,

135, var. breviloba, Griseb. in D.C. Monog. Phanerog., iii, 749.

Asuncion (190). November.

A rough, angular-stemmed tendril-climber with 3-5 palmately

lobed leaves which have scattered, callous teeth on the margins,

rough with short hairs, rugosely veiny beneath, nearly smooth

above, 5-10 em. long, 6-12 cm. broad. Flowers greenish-yellow.

Not seen in fruit. The leaves are very irregularly lobed, all deeply

cordate at base.

120 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Cayaponia podantha, Cogn. in D.C. Monog. Phanerog., iii, 753.

Pilcomayo River (1027 and 1507).

A vine climbing over grasses and shrubs for several metres, both

moneecious and dicecious, in wet, marshy grounds. The yellow

flower is quite pretty, the corolla being about 2 cm. high and 3 em.

in diameter when open, the outer portion of the lobes green, pointed,

nerved and hairy, while the inner lining is white with a broad

border extending beyond the outer part and glandular hairy. Fruit

1-celled, oval, about 24 cm. long, with a thin, watery, white pulp;

seeds several, large, flattish, in the centre of the pod. Leaves

rough, deeply 3-lobed and 3-nerved, with spinous teeth on the

margins, 5-7 cm. long and about as broad, the lobes obtuse, apicu- -

late or aristate. No. 1507 has small! lateral lobes or is simply angu-

late.

Lagenaria vulgaris, Ser., Mem. Soc. Phys. Genéve, iii, 25, t. 2.

Asuncion (1588). January—May.

The form of the common gourd, the fruit of which serves in

Paraguay as a vessel for drinking Yerba or ‘ Paraguay tea,” the

national beverage. It is both cultivated and runs wild on the farms

around Asuncion. The gourd or ‘‘ mate,” as it is popularly called,

is ovoid, 6 or 8 inches in length, with a short neck. When young,

it is bound with twine, and made to grow in various fantastic

shapes. When ripe, the outer shell is carved with various orna-’

mental figures, blackened with soot, often rimmed with silver, and

used as a drinking-cup for the favorite beverage. The powdered or

broken tea is crowded into the gourd, boiling-hot water is poured

upon it, and the beverage is sucked through the “‘bombilla,”’ a long

tin or silver tube, which has a perforated bulb at the base.

BEGONIACEA.

Begonia semperfiorens, Link and Otto, Ic. Rar., t. 9.

Asuncion (145). November—December.

The Begonias are numerous in Paraguay, but this is the only

species that I attempted to collect, as they are very succulent and

exceedingly difficult to dry. This has a reddish fleshy stem, 3-9

dm. in height, common on the borders of thickets and along moist

sandy roads. Flowers small, white, with a ruddy tinge, in terminal

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 121

clusters, on peduncles 2-7 cm. long, subtended by ciliate bracts.

Leaves slightly diagonally reniform, the lower part projecting down-

wards. Stipules lunate, ciliate, acute. Whole plant very smooth.

CACTE A.

Cereus saxicolus, Morong, n. sp.

Growing among rocks, often reclining or creeping. Stem cylindrical, 1-2 m.

or more in height, 2-3 cm. in diameter, glabrous. Coste 9, somewhat sharply

. angled; furrows obtuse. Areoles 10 or 12 mm. apart, 5 or 6 mm. in diameter,

the short yellowish wool becoming with age fulvous tomentum. Spines 6-11,

stout, straight, the lowest 5 or 6 mm. long, the central one, or the 3 central,

larger and 10-15 mm. long, all cinereous below and black at the tip. Flowers

solitary, 6 or 7 cm. long, about 6 cm. in diameter when expanded, the outer

scales small, round-ovate, sometimes ciliolate, the uppermost greenish-purple ;

petals silvery-white. The flower is very showy, opening at night and closing

soon after sunrise. -Berry stipitate, oval, about 5 cm. long and 3 ecm. in

diameter ; seeds small, black, shining, very numerous. The berry is edible,

but rather dry. ‘

This plant seems to differ from any of the species described in

Flor. Bras., D.C. Prod., or Salm-Dyck’s Cact. Hort. Dyck.

Near Trinidad (267). December.

Cereus Balansz, K. Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras., iv, pt. 2, 210.

Trinidad (268). December. = Balansa 2504.

Stem columnar, 5-8 cm. thick, growing upright among rocks 3 m.

or more, with 4-5 angles and as many rows.of spines, the spines

In 5s, of unequal length (1-4 cm.). Flowers very handsome, some

15 cm. in length, the petals a brilliant white; peduncles 7 or 8 em.

long and covered with lanceolate scales, 24 em. in length. Fruit a

large globular red berry, 6 cm. long and nearly as broad, the pulp

fleshy, white, edible, full of small black, hard seeds. The flowers

close soon after sunrise. 3

Opuntia nigricans, Haw., Syn., 189.

Asuncion (164). November—January.

Common on rocky cliffs by the Paraguay River, a much branched

cactus, some 2 or 3m. in height. The dark yellow spines, spring-

ing from a cushion-like disk, consist of 3—5 larger ones, divaricately

spreading, unequal, the largest 14 cm. long, and many smaller ones.

Flowers with reddish-yellow corollas about 3 cm. high and 5 or 6

em. in diameter when spread wide open, the sepals frequently of a

129 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

dark-purple tinge. Fruit a red, pear-shaped berry, 5-7 cm. long

and 3-5 em. in diameter. The joints of the stem are oblong-ovate,

10-20 em. long.

Peireskia Bleo, D.C., Prod., iii, 475.

Asuncion (188). November—January.

One of the most striking plants in the region, often used as a

hedge, for which it is admirably adapted by its thick foliage, its

numerous, spreading branches, and its terrible thorns. Shrub-like,

often growing into a small tree 6—8 m. high. Stems green, smooth.

Leaves coriaceous, thick, nearly sessile, obovate or oblong, 5-10

em. long, 4-5 cm. wide. The spines are in axillary clusters, the

main one 4 or 5 cm. in length, very sharp and strong, wounds from

which are very painful and apt to cause gangrene. The flowers, in

terminal clusters, are white and rose-colored, as large as a Camellia

blossom, very showy. Fruit a hard green nutlet, about 25 cm. in

diameter, l-celled, many seeded. Very difficult to preserve in Herba-

rium specimens, as the leaves and stems fall to pieces in drying.

The common Spanish name of this species is Amapola, and the

Guarani name Surubi-y.

FICOIDEZ.

Tetragonia horrida, Britton, n. sp.

Decumbent, glabrous, stems angular, branched, 3-9dm.long. Leaves fleshy,

rhomboid-spatulate, obtuse at the apex, narrowed into a broad petiole, papil-

lose, 4-6 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide; flowers axillary, several together, sessile ;

fruit strictly sessile, dry, angular, 3-4 mm. long, crowned by the 4-7, unequal

veiny, spiny calyx-lobes. Stamens 50.

Pilcomayo River (917). February. !

Related to T. expansa, Ait., which occurs in southern Brazil and

Uraguay. |

This vicious-looking plant spreads upon the ground in large

masses. Corolla small, some 6 mm. in height, whitish, with pur-

ple stripes, folded and ending in 5 short hardly apparent lobes.

The persistent calyx, enlarging on the ovary, forms a spiny, burr-

like fruit, which it is decidedly unpleasant to handle.

Sesuvium parvifiorum, D.C., Prod., iii, 453.

Pilcomayo River (1042). May.

Growing in dry soil on the open campo. This species differs

from the following in having an erect, suffruticose, dichotomously-

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 123

branched stem, terete below, linear leaves 1-2 cm. long, and crowded

and sessile or subsessile flowers. It is regarded as a variety of S.

Portulacastrum by Rohrbach in Mart. FI. Bras., xiv, pt. 2, 310.

Sesuvium Portulacastrum, L., Sp. Pl., Hd. 2, 684.

Asuncion (789). October.

Succulent. pene on the ground 15-20 cm. Leaves linear

or spatulate, 1-2 cm. long. Flowers small, pedicellate, the interior

of the calyx lobes rose-colored. I found these little plants spring-

ing up in great numbers on the river-side where the land had been

overflowed in the winter freshet, and from which the waters had

receded. The bright rose-tinted perianth spreads wide open in the

sun.

Mollugo verticillata, L., Sp. Pl., 89.

Asuncion (186). November—January.

This cosmopolitan plant is as abundant around Asuncion as it is

in cultivated grounds in North America.

UMBELLIFERA.

Hydrocotyle leucocephala, C. and S., Linnea, i, 364.

Asuncion (100). November.

A delicate plant, running over the ground under the shade of

larger plants and rooting at the nodes. Flowers white, very small,

waxy, in simple umbels, on long capillary peduncles. Stem, peti-

oles and leaves sparsely pilose. Leaves crenate or lobed, very vari-

able as to size, about 9-nerved.

Hydrocotyle ranunculoides, L., f. Suppl., 177.

Asuncion (241). December.

Common in miry places, pools, and rivulets, which form from

streams that run down into the Paraguay from the high banks

around Asuncion. Notable for its supposed medicinal virtues

among the herb doctors of Asuncion. Called by quacks Verdolaga

palustre, or Herva do capitao, in Guarani Acaricoba and Caahay.

It is regarded as aperient and diuretic, and is employed for remov-

ing obstructions of the liver and bowels. Like thousands of the

vegetable nostrums of the Paraguayans, its reputation is far peyond

its real value.

124 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Eryngium coronatum, H. and A. in Hook. Bot. Misc., iii, 350.

Between Paragua and Luque (852). December. = Balansa 1079 a.

Stem smooth, striate, 2-35 dm. high. Leaves mostly radical,

5-10 cm. long, 1-14 cm. wide, with numerous spine-tipped lobes,

which are 4-15 mm. long and sometimes 2 mm. wide. Stem leaves

under the branches similar but smaller. Involucral bracts 2 or 3,

linear, spine-tipped, entire or sparsely spine-dentate. Heads cylin-

drical, 1-2 cm. long. Dry soil, open grounds.

Eryngium elegans, C. and &., Linnea, i, 348.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (419); Gran Chaco near Asun-

cion (576). January. = Balansa 1084.

Stem striate, glabrous, 24-8 dm. high. Radical leaves numerous,

oblanceolate, T-25 cm. long, 1-2 ecm. broad at the apex, beset with

numerous sharp spiny teeth 4 or 5 mm. long. Involucral bracts

5—T mm. long, with many spiny teeth. Heads globose, or globose-

ovate, 5-6 mm. in diameter, in lax spreading corymbs 5-10 em.

broad and 12-15 cm. long. This corresponds very well with var.

microcephalum, Urban, as given in Mart. Fl. Bras., xi, pt. 1, p. 11.

Eryngium paniculatum, Cav. in Delaroch Eryng., 59, t. 26.

Gran Chaco (436). January; Asuncion (840). October.

A stout, glabrous striate-stemmed plant, 1-2 m. high. Leaves

5-6 dm. long, 34—4 cm. wide at the base, lanceolate, tapering into a

long acuminate point, free from marginal spines on the sheathing

part for 8-10 cm. Inflorescence very broad and lax, 2-3 forked,

10-30 em. long and nearly or quite as wide. Heads oval, 8-15 mm.

long, 7-10 mm. in diameter. Particularly distinguished by its

broad forking panicle, and its long lanceolate radical leaves.

Eryngium multicapitatum, Morong, n. sp.

Stems 13-3 m. high, fistulose, 7-8 mm. thick below, elevated striate, dark

colored when dry. Radical leaves parallel-nerved, 34-4 dm. long, 4-43 em.

broad below, diminishing gradually to 25 cm., oblong-lanceolate, shortly acu-

minate, the margins beset with single strong, upwardly-curved, fuscous spines

2-5 mm. long. Stem leaves under the peduncles very numerous, amplexicaul

over the entire base, the lower 7 or 10 cm. long, diminishing to bracts 13 cm.

long, strongly parallel-nerved, spine-pointed, sparsely spiny-dentate, the teeth

often double and canaliculate above, or the lower half of the leaf nude, turn-

ing white when dry. Inflorescence racemose, 30-40 cm. long; peduncles very

numerous, 2 or 3 cm. apart, striate, often compressed or even ancipital, 4-7

cm. long; corymbs 3-rayed, or the rays sometimes again forked and 13-3 cm.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 125

long. Involucral bracts 4-8, lanceolate, striate, spine-tipped, entire, 5-10

mm. long, 1-3 mm. broad at the base. Floral bracts much longer than the

flowers, similar to the involucral bracts. Heads cylindrical, 10-15 mm. long,

6-10 mm. in diameter. Sepals oblong, apiculate, about 1 mm. long. Petals

shorter, white. Stamens about the length of the petals. Styles about 3 mm.

long. Not seen in fruit.

On the campo between Villa Rica and Escoba (451). January.

This species resembles H#. Glazovianum, Urban, in stem and

character of the cauline leaves, but is very different in its long

racemose inflorescence, in the shape and size of the heads and in

its radical leaves.

Eryngium Sanguisorba, C. and &., Linnea, i, 339. Ex deser.

Near Luque (334). December. = Balansa 1080 a.

Appears to be one of the forms of this very variable species,

judging from the description given by the authors. Stem slender,

striate, naked except for a single bract near the centre, about 3 dm.

high. Radical leaves linear, 8-12 cm. long, about 6 mm. broad at

the sheathing base, 4 mm. above, acute, with small distant, callous

or setose teeth about 2 mm. long and usually retrorse. Inflorescence

terminal, 3-5 radiate, the rays with solitary heads. Heads dark

rosy-purple, ovoid or somewhat cylindrical, 8-12 mm. long, 6—7

mm. in diameter. Involucral bracts 6-8, entire, spine-pointed, re-

flexed, 1-3 nerved; bracts of the peduncles 1, and of the rays 2,

minute, opposite. Among bushes on the open campo.

Apium Amami (Jacq.), Urban in Mart. Fl. Bras., xi, pt. 1, 341.

La Plata, Arg. Republic (29); Asuncion (798). October-Decem-

ber.

ARALIACEHE A,

Didymopanax?

Pilcomayo River (997).

A tree 9-16 m. in height, growing on the open campo. Collected

without flowers or fruit. It has a very thick, light, fissured, corky

bark, and I thought when gathered that it might prove a substitute

for the bark of Quercus suber, but experts in New York inform me

that it lacks one of the chief qualities of true bark, namely elasticity,

and yet it might be of considerable value in all other respects. The

leaves are thick, coriaceous, quinate, on a thick petiole 10-15 cm.

in length; leaflets elliptical, entire, thick, glabrous, granulated on

126 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

both surfaces, the 2 lower on very short petiolules, and smaller

than the others; the 3 upper on petiolules 6 cm. long; the largest

leaflets 20 cm. long by 6 cm. broad, all light green in color. It is

known popularly as Lepacho del campo, resembling the true Le-

pacho only in having quinate leaves.

RUBIACEHEA.

Ligustum ignitum (Vell.), Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl., 287.

Lympio (731); Caballero (512). January—May.

A slender, climbing vine. Leaves glabrous, opposite, entire,

ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, shortly petioled,

rounded at base, 2-4 cm. long, 1-24 cm. wide. Flowers single, at

the ends of long drooping peduncles, trumpet-shaped. Corolla dark

red, about 4 em. long, with 4 short oblong lobes. Capsule 2-celled,

2-seeded, 10-12 mm. long.

A showy-flowered vine in thickets.

Oldenlandia thesiifolia (St. Hil.), Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras., vi, pt.

6, 269.

Near Luque (330). December.

A pretty little flower much resembling our Houstonia cerulea,

but decidedly different. The stems very slender, 6-10 cm. high;

bending over or nearly prostrate, growing in wet grounds. The

corolla is white, showing no trace of a yellow or blue tinge. No

signs of dimorphism about the stamens or style. Flowers 1-3, in

a pedicellate cluster at the top of the stem. Without radical leaves.

Very hairy in the throat, style and stigma protruding through the

hairs. Leaves ovate or nearly oval.

Machaonia acuminata, H. and B., Pl. Mq., i, 101, t. 29.

Gran Chaco, near Asuncion (374a). January—February.

An unarmed shrub 3-5 m. high, with light gray, warty bark.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, shortly petiolate, entire, acuminate, rounded

at the base, at first pubescent, soon glabrate, lighter colored beneath,

5-7 cm. long, 2-8 cm. wide. Flowers small, white, in terminal

pyramidal panicles. Twigs and perianth tube pubescent.

Machaonia spinosa, C. and §., Linnea, iv, 2.

Asuncion (874); Pilecomayo River (883). January—A pril.

A shrub or small tree 3-5 m. high, with light gray, warty bark.

Quite spiny, but the spines a sharp, hard projection at the ends of

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 127

undeveloped branches. Leaves small, opposite, with an interpetiolar

stipule which consists of one large-based, stiff hair. Flowers small,

white, in large irregular corymbs. The disk is in 2 parts, which

rise around the ovary like a collar. Fruit splits into 2 rather long

seeds.

Basanacantha spinosa (Jacq:.), Schum. in Mart. FI. Bras., vi, pt. 6,

376. ‘

Asuncion (806); Pilcomayo River (893).

A thorny shrub in thickets. Corolla greenish-white, tubular,

with 5 large, downy, recurved lobes. The most striking thing

about the plant is the fruit, which is a large oval nut, 4-celled, each

cell containing a single seed, the interior filled with a thick, white

meat, covered by a separable rind, which is sprinkled on the outside

with mealy dots, reminding one in appearance of the Cedrella nut,

though without the offensive odor of that. I could not learn that it

is ever eaten, even by the Indians. Flower October; fruit January.

No. 806 corresponds very well with var. pubescens, Schum., in

Mart. FI. Bras., |]. c., 878, and no. 893 with var. ferox of the same

author.

Chomelia Morongsii, Britton, n. sp.

A shrub 3-9 m. high, with divergent, reddish, smooth branches, the young

twigs pubescent. Leaves short-petioled, oval or ovate-oval, acute, acuminate

or sometimes obtuse at the apex, narrowed at the base, pubescent, with short

hairs on the upper surface and with matted spreading ones on the lower, 4-10

cm. long, 2-4 em. wide; peduncles slender, pubescent, 1-1} cm. long, 2-8-

flowered ; corolla tube slender, finely pubescent without, about 13 cm. long,

4-5 times as long as the oblong, obtuse lobes; calyx-teeth short, unequal ;

style slender, glabrous ; fruit oblong, 1 cm. long, 5 mm. wide, finely and

densely velvety-pubescent.

Pilecomayo River (906). == Balansa 3165. Related to C. pedun-

culosa, Benth.

A beautiful unarmed shrub abounding in thickets on the borders

of the river. Flowers pink colored, in small clusters, exhaling fra-

grance in wet weather. The lobes of the calyx are sometimes obso-

lete ; the lobes of the corolla and the stamens sometimes 5, instead

of the normal number 4. Berry dark purple, with a thin pulp, the

4 cells becoming compact when ripe and appearing to mature only

a single consolidated bony seed. It is quite sweet to the taste, and

was freely eaten by our company.

128 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Chomelia obtusa, C. and §., Linnza, 1829, p. 185.

Asuncion (157). November. = Balansa 1755 a.

A thorny shrub 3 or 4 m. high, with numerous, small, coriaceous,

shining leaves. Flowers small, a lurid purple, on long, thread-like

peduncles, almost hidden among the leaves. Fruit a purple, pulpy

berry, containing a flat bony seed, grooved on one side. In dense

thickets. |

Chiococca brachiata, R. and P., var. acutifolia, Mill. Arg. in Mart.

Fl. Bras., vi, pt. 5, 53.

C. racemosa, H. B. K., not L.

Asuncion (657). April. == Balansa 1757.

A small unarmed shrub, 6—9 dm. in height, with glabrous, shin-

ing leaves, common in thickets. Flowers small, numerous, green-

ish, in axillary clusters. Fruit a light purple-colored berry with 2

flat seeds.

Coffea Arabica, L., Sp. Pl., 172.

Asuncion (212). Fruit December.

The coffee is cultivated to a very limited extent in Paraguay.

For some reason it does not succeed well in that country. I am

inclined to think that this is owing to the excessive humidity of the

climate and the variation of the annual temperature. At any rate,

I saw but very few attempts made at its culture, and the plants

looked unhealthy, the leaves drooping and showing yellow spots as

if attacked by a fungoid disease. Such berries as I saw ripened

appeared inferior in size and, I was told, were of inferior quality.

Probably if the right localities are chosen, and intelligent culture

given, the coffee might do very well in Paraguay. As maté, how-

ever, is the favorite beverage, the people have little inducement to

engage in coffee-raising.

Psychotria alba, BR. and P., Fl. Per., ii, 58, t. 205, f. a.

_ Pileomayo River (878 and 1059); Caballero (606). January—

June. = Balansa 1736. .

This shrub and no. 877 (Psychotria crocea) grew side by side,

and so much resembled each other that at first I mistook them for

the same thing, but a close examination shows that they are dif-

ferent species. This has white flowers, while those of 877 are light

yellow. The branches green, in the other dark red. The persistent

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 129

disk on the summit of the fruit here is white, in that red. The fruit

in this case is marked with 10-12 ribs, while in that there are 5-8

ribs.

Psychotria crocea, Sw., Prod., 44.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (501); Pileomayo River (877).

= Balansa1l738a. January.

This is apparently not Palicourea crocea, Schlecht., Linnea,

XXVill, 525.

Psychotrophum, P. Br. Hist. Jam., 160, is undoubtedly an older

name for the genus Psychotria, but we are retaining Psychotria,

because we are uncertain about Myrstiphyllum, P. Br., 1. c., 152,

which Dr. Kuntze says is also an equivalent, and has 8 pages

priority of place in Browne’s work.—N. L. B.

Geophila violzfolia, D.C., Prod., iv, 537.

Near Pirayu (661). April.

A small trailing, somewhat succulent plant, growing in deep

woods, the stems rooting at the nodes. Leaves opposite, entire,

glabrous, cordate-ovate, acute or obtuse at the apex, the rounded

basal lobes divergent, 3-6 cm. long, 25-5 cm. wide, on petioles 3-10

em. long. Found only in fruit. Flowers said by DeCandolle to be

white, 3-7 or more in clusters at the end of an axillary peduncle

about as long as the petioles. Fruit an oval, pulpy, purplish-black

drupe, crowned with the persistent calyx, containing 2 coffee-shaped,

bony seeds.

Geophila herbacea (L.), Morong.

Psychotria herbacea, Sp. Pl., Ed. 2, 245.

Geophila reniformis, C. and S., Linnea, 1829, p. 137.

Near Pirayu (669). April.

This species, found at the same time and place with no. 661,

differs from that in having much more slender stems, smaller leaves,

2-3 em. long and about as wide, the lobes smaller and approximate,

shorter petioles and peduncles, fewer flowers (1-3), and scarlet

drupes. Not at all succulent. Both species have 1 or 2 lines of

short shaggy hairs on the petioles.

Spermacoce tenuior, L., Sp. Pl., 102.

Pilcomayo River (1057). June.

Annaus N. Y. Acap. Scr., VII, Jan. 1893.—9

130 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Borreria centranthoides, C. and S., Linnea, iii, 328.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (610). January. = Balansa

1748 a.

A stiff square-stemmed plant 3-6 dm. high, with opposite or fas-

cicled narrowly-elliptical leaves, which are from 2 to 4 em. long and

5-12 mm. broad. Flowers small, white, in long, naked, compound,

terminal cymes. Young branches and calyx more or less downy.

Inflorescence 5 or 6 times trichotomous. Stipules with a short

sheath and 5-7 sete.

Borreria latifolia (Aubl.), Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras., vi, pt. 6, 61.

Caballero (605). January.

Differs from the preceding species in having opposite, broad lan-

ceolate, acuminate leaves, 4-7 cm. long and 14-3 cm. wide. Flowers

white, in small axillary verticils along the stem for nearly its whole

length. Stipules with 10 to 15 sete. As I found it, it was not

creeping, as in ordinary cases, but a weak-stemmed plant growing

2-24 m. high, and sustaining itself by leaning against shrubs in

thickets.

Borreria ocymoides, D.C., Prod., iv, 544.

Pileomayo River (973). March.

This species has delicate stems, mostly prostrate, 2 to 6 dm. long.

Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, often cuspidate, 15-34 cm. long,

2-6 mm. wide, revolute, l-nerved, the nerve white and prominent

beneath. Flowers white, minute, terminal or in small clusters in

opposite leaf axils appearing whorled. Stipules with 6-9 rather

long sete.

Borreria Poaya, D.C., Prod., iv, 549.

Caballero (611). January. = Balansa 1765.

Stems 2-3 dm. high, ascending, often much branched, glabrous or

pubescent on the upper branches, or sometimes all rough. Leaves

2-4 em. long and 5-20 mm. broad, very acute at the apex, sloping

into a very short petiole. Flowers in terminal, somewhat globular

clusters, or of several terminal verticils, with a pair of reflexed,

foliaceous bracts beneath them; corolla purplish, 7-12 mm. long.

Stipules with 1-3 rather large sete. .

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 13]

Borreria tenera, D.C., Prod., iv, 543.

Asuncion (67); between Trinidad and Lympio (727). Novem-

ber—May.

Stems nearly terete below, tetragonous above, 15-25 cm. high,

much branched from the base, often ascending, with long tough

roots. Leaves sub-setaceous, l-nerved, often fascicled, sharply

callous-tipped. Flowers white or often pale purple, in axillary or

terminal verticils, the corolla about 5 mm. long. Stipular sete 3-7,

much longer than the sheath. Leaves about the length of the inter-

nodes. This rough-looking little plant is found growing along road-

sides or on grassy knolls, in hard, dry or clayey soil, and its numer-

ous verticils of flowers have a burr-like aspect.

Borreria verticillata, Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq., 83.

Asuncion (66 and 106). November. |

A very variable species. Forms growing in dry soil or among

grass, with a ligneous root and very thick, hard, knot-like, numer-

ous stems, spreading on the ground or ascending 10-15 cm., with

crowded leaves. Others are erect, 40-50 cm. high, with nodes 3-6 '

em. long. Leaves verticillate, linear or linear-lanceolate, 1-3 cm.

long, 2-5 mm. broad, revolute and retrorsely scabrous on the mar-

gins, acute at both ends; petiole scarcely any. Stems more or less

pilose or scabrous on the angles. Flowers small, white, in dense,

globular verticils, which are terminal or axillary and 5-10 mm. in

diameter. Stipular sete 4—7 as long as or longer than the sheaths.

The prostrate forms of this species might be mistaken for no. 727,

but the plant is much coarser, with larger leaves, thicker stems and

larger flower verticils.

Richardia Brasiliensis, Gomez, Mem. Ipecac., 31, t. 2.

Asuncion (55). November.

A rough, prostrate plant, spreading 15 or 20 cm. on the ground,

dichotomously much branched. Stems tetragonous, hispid or vill-

ous. Leaves obovate or sometimes oblong-lanceolate, 1-3 cm. long,

5-10 mm. broad, glabrous or scabrous above, ciliate, acute, attenu-

ated into a short petiole. Stipular sete 3-5, hispid, usually shorter

than the sheath. Differs principally from Borriera in having ter-

minal verticils of flowers seated upon large involucral bracts. In

this case the bracts are 2, sessile, oblong, rounded at the apex, 2 cm,

long, 1 cm. broad. Flowers minute, white. Calyx 6-lobed, the

132 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

lobes ciliate, persistent, half as Jong as the corolla. Lobes of corolla

6, acute, hairy on the lower side. Style 3-divided, with 3 capitate

stigmas. Fruit muricate or hispid, 3-carpelled, 3-celled, 1 seed in

each cell. Seeds pitted.

Richardia grandiflora (C. and 8), Britton.

Richardsonia grandiflora, C. and §., Linnea, iii, 351.

Between Hscoba and Caballero (422 and 413). January.

Differs from the preceding species in having stems setosely hispid,

linear leaves 3-4 em. long, very large heads, 2—4 acuminate, lanceo-

late involucral bracts 2 cm. long, many acuminate hispidly ciliate

floral bracts, and purplish or rose-colored flowers with a corolla

10-13 mm. long. The seeds are covered with pellucid, glandular

tubercles. This plant grows in red, clayey soil on the railroad track

between Escoba and Caballero, its fine large flowers forming a great

contrast to the rough stems and bracts.

CALYCERE A.

Acicarpha tribuloides, Juss., Ann. Mus., ii, 348, t. 58, f. 1.

Buenos Aires and Asuncion (2).

Common about Buenos Aires, and covering all the waste grounds

in and around Asuncion. Its spiny leaves and burrs make it a

great nuisance. It continues to flower and fruit all the season from

early October to May. )

COMPOSIT A.

Pacourina edulis, Aubl., Pl. Guian., ii, 800, p. 316.

Asuncion (224a). December.

The main difference between this and the following form lies in

the absence of lobes and spines on the leaves and scales. Leaves

oblong-spatulate or lanceolate, 10-25 cm. along, sparsely spiny-

dentate.

Pacourina edulis, Aubl., var. spinosissima, Britton, n. var.

Similar to P. edulis, Aubl., but with elongated, lanceolate-oval leaves, often

a foot or more long, which are deeply laciniate into triangular-lanceolate,

spine-pointed lobes; outer bracts of the involucre tipped with short spines.

Asuncion (224). December. Same as Balansa’s 862. This ap-

pears to be different from P. cirsiifolia, H. B. K.—N. L. B.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 133

_ The most striking among the herbaceous Composites growing at

Asuncion. It occurs abundantly in wet grounds along the river-

side. A stout succulent stem 9-12 dm. high, the upper portion

curling over gracefully. On the upper side is a row of 10 or more

conspicuous heads nearly 3 cm. in diameter, the involucral scales

green in the middle and white membranous on the edges, giving

them the appearance of a string of rosettes. When open the flowers

are very handsome, of a bright rose tint, the corolla lobes curved,

the staminate tube and styles long exserted. Leaves lanceolate,

often 3 dm. long, deeply cut into triangular, strongly spine-pointed

lobes. Outer scales of the involucre also tipped with short spines.

Leaves pellucid-punctate. Achenia ornamented with rows of glist-

ening glands.

Vernonia Chameedrys, Less, Linnea, 1829, p. 259.

Luque (339); Villa Rica (495). December—January.

Vernonia flexuosa, Sims, Bot. Mag., t. 2477.

Caballero (467). January.

Vernonia graminifolia, Gard. in Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot., vi, 421.

Pilecomayo River (1509). January.

Vernonia incana, Less, Linnea, 1829, p. 277.

Trinidad (275). December. = Balansa 771.

Vernonia Platensis, Less, Linnea, 1829, p. 312.

Luque (305); Caballero (591). December—January.

Vernonia scorpioides, Pers., Syn., ii, 404.

Asuncion (767); between Villa Rica and Escoba (489). January—

July.

Vernonia tricholepis, D.C., Prod.; v, 54?

Asuncion (53 and 58a). November. 53 = Balansa 1128. 53a

—= Gardner 3787, which number is quoted under JV. tricholepis by

Mr. Baker in Mart. FI. Bras., vi, pt. 2, 70.

Vernonia Tweediana, Baker, Mart. Fl. Bras., vi, pt. 2, 99.

Asuncion (174 and 653). November—April.

Vernonia glabrata, Less, Linnea, 1829, p. 294.

Asuncion (165); Luque (590). November—January.

134 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

The Vernonias are very numerous in Paraguay, all of them

bearing heads of showy, purple flowers. I collected 9 species, only

a small part of the number occurring in the country. Perhaps the

most striking of them is V. glabrata (nos. 165, 590), with many

sessile heads 2 cm. in diameter, growing by fence rows and road-

sides in the vicinity of Asuncion.

Another with ample leaves, rugose above and velvety hairy

beneath, numerous crowded flower-heads, and strong stems over 3 m.

in height, V. Tweediana (nos. 174, 653), abounded in waste grounds

around Asuncion.

V. incana (no. 275) and V. graminifolia (no. 1509), both with

long narrow, linear leaves, the panicles of flowers on long naked

peduncles, are exceedingly graceful and ornamental species.

V. Chamedrys (nos. 339, 495) has a close, thyrsus-like panicle

of bright purple flowers. Leaves small, black or olive-green and

shining on the upper surface, and white woolly beneath. Stem

shrubbyish, 1-15 m. in height.

Elephantopus angustifolius, 5w., Prod., 115.

Asuncion (162a); Luque (313); Pilcomayo River (1510).

Elephantopus tomentosus, L., Sp. Pl., 814.

EE. scaber, v. tomentosus, Schultz Bip., Linnea, xx, 516.

Asuncion (258). December.

The two species of Hlephantopus here noted are very different.

EL. angustifolius has its flowers in terminal wand-like spikes, some-

times 3} dm. in length, the leaves oblanceolate, 14-3 dm. long, the

glomerules subtended by a single small ovate bract. EL. tomentosus

has its flowers in large terminal panicled corymbs, the leaves obo-

vate, 10-13 cm. long, the glomerules much smaller, subtended by 38

large foliaceous bracts. Both occur in old fields and open grounds,

the former very common in the vicinity of Asuncion and on the

Pilcomayo River.

Adenostemma triangulare, D.C., Prod., v, 113.

Trinidad (270); Pileomayo River (1003). December—April.

= Balansa 865.

Noticeable for its lowest leaves, which are broad hastate-deltoid,

sometimes 15 cm. long and as broad, and its corymbs of heads,

which appear to be nearly all styles and stigmas, having 2 or 3

rows of small, appressed scales, numerous green tubular corollas,

Plants Collected in Paraguay. . 135

a pappus of 5 minute red scales, and long exserted, pure white 12-

divided styles, with clavate stigmas.

Stevia saturizfolia (Lam.), Sch. Bip., Linnea, xxv, 291.

“Asuncion (107 a). November.

Eupatorium bartsizfolium, D.C., Prod., v, 147.

Asuncion (1512). == Balansa 952.

This differs from all the following species in its low stems (3-6

dm. high), its crowded, deltoid-ovate leaves only 2-35 cm. long,

scabrous above, with large ciliate, retrorsely revolute teeth, and

heads 8 or 9 mm. long, scales in 3 rows, with a pubescent, slightly

recurved tip. Achenia black, hispid on the angles. Whole plent

glandular and fuscous-hispid.

Eupatorium betoniczforme (D.C.), Baker, Mart. Fl. Bras., vi,

pt. 2, 362.

Pileomayo River (1511). April.

A coarse plant with scabrous, branching stems 6-9 dm. high.

Leaves petiolate, opposite, cuneate, cordate or hastate at the base,

more or less dentate. Heads small, shortly pedicellate, in dense

corymbs 3 or 4 cm. long and broad. 30—40 flowers in the head.

Eupatorium Candolleanum, H. and A., Comp. Bot. Mag., ii, 243.

Gran Chaco near Asuncion (366); Caballero (465). December—

January.

These numbers were distributed by mistake as H. steviefulium,

D.C., some of which may be mixed with them.

* A more delicate species, 44-5 dm. high, with lanceolate, petioled.

more or less serrate leaves, with small corymbs of flowers on spread-

ing terminal branches. Styles much exserted, giving a feathery

appearance to the head. Flowers reddish-purple, 30—40 in the head.

Eupatorium Christieanum, Baker, Mart. Fl. Bras., vi, pt. 2, 298.

Asuncion (70). November.

Very glabrous, suffruticose, 6-12 dm. high. Leaves lanceolate,

acuminate, cuneate at base, petioled, 3-nerved, entire or rarely few-

toothed, the largest about 10 cm. long and 3 cm. wide. Flowers

light blue, in small corymbs. Heads almost cylindrical, 6-8 mm.

long, 9-10 flowered, with 4-5 rows of appressed, ciliate involucral

scales.

136 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Eupatorium conyzoides, Vahl., Symb., iii, 96.

Asuncion (684). April. == Balansa 940 a.

Stems downy. Branches opposite, divaricate, nearly at right

angles to the stem. Leaves petioled, unequally serrate or entire,

triangular, acuminate, cuneate at base. Flowers blue. Corymbs

large, di-trichotomous. Heads 15-20 flowered, 9 or 10 mm. long.

Seales 3-5 nerved, appressed. Achenia scabrous. This occurs

occasionally on the Florida coast ( Curtiss). :

Eupatorium densiflorum, Morong, n. sp.

Stems 6-12 dm. high, and with the branches striate and pubescent.

Branches numerous, opposite, ascending at a sharp angle; internodes 13-3

cm. long. Leaves numerous, opposite, lanceolate or linear- lanceolate, anu

or sparsely and remotely serrulate, revolute, obtusely pointed at the apex,

sloping at base into a short petiole, 3-nerved, glabrous above, pubescent and

black glandular dotted beneath, the largest 10 cm. long and 2 cm. wide.

Densely flowered. Flowers blue, the corymbs numerous on long terminal

branches, the whole flower-bearing portion 20-25 cm. long. Heads. scarcely

campanulate, 7 or 8 mm. long, on peduncles 7-15 mm. in length. Involucral

scales linear, acute, glabrous, 3-nerved, appressed, in 4 or 5 rows, the inner-

most 5-7 mm. long, a little surpassed by the white pappus. About 20-fiowered.

Achenia black, slightly pubescent on the angles.

Near H. ivefolium, but differing from that species in the density

of the inflorescence and leaves, the pubescence, and pap in the

involucral scales.

Found at the Recolleta, near Asuncion (627). March.

Eupatorium hecatanthum (D.C.), Baker, 1. ¢., 365.

Asuncion (280b). December.

Kasily distinguished by the red woolly appendages at the tips

of the scales. Heads 50-80 flowered. Leaves long-petioled, broad

cordate-hastate, deltoid in outline, crenate-dentate, 6-15 cm. long.

Eupatorium ivzfolium, L., Amen. Acad., v, 405.

Trinidad (274); Pileomayo River (1012). = Balansa 939.

December—April.

Does not seem to differ from the forms of this species occurring

in our Southern States.

Eupatorium lezeve, D.C., Prod., v, 169.

Asuncion (637). April. = Balansa 918.

The specimens obtained were from the garden of Herr Mangels,

for many years German Consul at Asuncion. It has been exten-

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 137

sively cultivated .in Paraguay for the manufacture of indigo, of

which it makes an excellent quality, but is now seldom seen, except

in the wild state. A shrub 12-15 dm. high, with white striate

stem and large ovate-lanceolate, serrate leaves, the whole plant

very smooth. Pappus tawny. Heads small, 15-20 flowered.

Eupatorium levigatum, Lam., Encyc., ii, 408.

Pileomayo River (951). March.

Stem 12-18 dm. high, viscous, much branched. Flowers blue,

the corymbs with numerous crowded heads, on widely spreading

terminal branches 25-35 cm. long. Heads cylindrical, 8-10 mm.

long, with 4 or 5 rows of 3-5 nerved scales, about 20-flowered.

Achenia black, glabrous. Leaves petioled, lanceolate or ovate-

lanceolate, 4-12 cm. long, 2-5 cm. wide, acuminate, more or less

‘serrate above the sloping base. |

Some of this was probably distributed as H. conyzozdes.

Eupatorium atricsphaid, (D.C.), Less., Linnea, 1830, p. 836.

Caballero (463); Pilcomayo River (1513). January—April.

The long naked peduncles, large heads, purplish involucral scales,

purple flowers and long plumose purple styles of this plant bear a

striking resemblance to Liatris when growing on the campo. Heads

often 2 cm. high and as ‘broad when in full flower, 75-100 flowered.

Stems very glandular hairy or bristly, the hairs nodose and trans-

lucent.

Eupatorium macrophylium, L., Sp. Pl., Ed. 2, 1175.

Asuncion (280 and 280 a). December.

This was one of the ‘‘stickiest’’ plants I ever encountered, ‘the

stems and leaves being covered with glandular hairs, and adhering

So forcibly to the drying-paper that it required a daily change and

nearly a month’s drying to make herbarium specimens. Flowers

very numerous, a bright purple, with long protruding yellow styles,

giving them quite a variegated appearance. Heads 50-60 flowered.

Leaves large, on long petioles, cordate-ovate, crenate.

Eupatorium multicrenulatum, Schultz Bip.; Baker, 1. c., 335.

Villa Rica (482); Asuncion (632). January—March.

Suffruticose, like many other species growing in Paraguay.

Stems from 1} to 2 m. high, hoary with white down all over, with

138 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

large branching corymbs of small purple heads. Hairs on the

peduncles and pedicels glandular. Leaves lanceolate, minutely ser-

rulate, the largest 12-15 cm. long, 2-3 cm. broad. A striking plant

upon the open campo where it grows.

Eupatorium pallescens, D.C., Prod., i, 154.

E. glomeratum, D.C., 1. ¢.

Asuncion (630 and 683); Pileomayo River (957). Marceh—April.

Stems stout, pubescent, striate, growing on the Pilcomayo to a

height of 3 m. Leaves deltoid-ovate, 3-nerved, pubescent, serrate

above the sloping base, the largest 16 or 18 em. long, 5 cm. or more

wide. Petiole alate above. Corymbs dense, the flowers massed

glomerately. Flowers white. Heads 5 mm. long, 12-15 flowered ;

scales in 2 or 3 rows, downy, rounded, somewhat spreading, nerved.

Achenia glabrous or sometimes minutely downy.

Eupatorium stevizfolium, D.C., Prod., v, 158.

Gran Chaco near Asuncion (366 a). December.

Eupatorium urticzfolium, L., f. Supp., 354.

Asuncion (774). May. = Balansa 936.

Stems 6-12 dm. high, covered with long, spreading, translucent,

nodose hairs. Leaves ovate, cuneate at base, obtusely pointed, in-

cised-dentate, 24-7 cm. long, on petioles 6-25 mm. long. Flowers

blue. Heads 20-25 flowered, in small corymbs on long, spreading

branches. Common in old fields.

Eupatorium vernoniopsis, Schultz Bip.; Baker, 1. c., 334.

Asuncion (107 and 109); Luque (589). = Balansa 784. Novem-

ber_January.

Stems striate, grayish-pubescent, often much branched at the top,

sometimes simple, 9-18 dm. high. Flowers blue. Heads small,

8-10 flowered. Leaves opposite below, subopposite or alternate

above, 2-5 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad, crenate or serrate, pubescent

on both sides, 3-nerved, the nerves prominent beneath, the teeth

callous tipped.

Willoughbya cordifolia (L.), Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl., 372.

Gran Chaco near Lympio (182 a and 1824). May.

This vine differs from the more common W. scandens in having

the stems and leaves densely clothed with a grayish pubescence,

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 139

denser and larger clusters of flowers, larger heads (7-10 mm. long),

and tawny pappus. The flowers are very fragrant, and attractive

to insects, which were hovering over the blossoms in great numbers

when collected.

Willoughbya scandens (L.), Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl., 371.

Asuncion (182); Pilcomayo River (1082). November—January.

Solidago polysglossa, D.C., Prod., v, 10.

Asuncion (111); Pileomayo River (1080).

The only golden-rod which I found in Paraguay. Very abundant

in all the waste grounds around Asuncion, and flowering the entire

season from October to May. Of this genus I believe that not

more than one or two species at the most are known to occur in all

that part of South America. This plant is esteemed as a vulnerary

by the common people, and hence was named S. vulneraria by

Martius.

Aster subtropicus, Morong, n. sp.

A. divaricatus, T. and G., var. graminifolius, Baker in Mart. Fl. Bras., vi, pt. 3,

22. A. exilis, Ell., var. australis, Asa Gray, Syn. FI., i, pt. 2, 203.

As found in Paraguay the plant which is commonly referred to this form

seems sufficiently distinct from A. divuricatus to merit specific designation. It

grows from 4 to 9 dm. high, with a stout, glabrous, often much branched stem.

Leaves glabrous, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, reduced on the branchlets to

subulate bracts, entire or sparsely serrulate, the largest 6-8 cm. long and 5-8

mm. wide. The heads are usually much larger than in our North American

plant, being often 8-10 mm. long, containing 50 or more flowers. Involucral

scales in 4 or 5 rows, a little over 1 mm. in breadth, obscurely 1-3 nerved,

rather abruptly acute, the innermost 7-8 mm. long, with green or rosy tips.

Ray flowers small, pale blue, recurved, very fugacious. Disk flowers thread-

like, scarcely surpassing the pappus. The pappus somewhat coarse and more

copious than in A. divaricatus. Achenia pubescent.

This aster is much more stocky, the branches more massed, leaves

and flowers more numerous than in the next species, of which it has

been called a variety. It grows on the banks of fresh water and

on uplands far inland.

Near Asuncion (620). March.

Aster exilis, Ell., Bot. S. Car. and Georgia, ii, 344.

Pileomayo River (1081). February.

_ Growing in saline soil like the plant of this country. Much of

the region along the Pilcomayo abounds in salt pools, and the

140 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

streams running from the Cordilleras to the Paraguay are brackish

or strongly impregnated with salt.

Erigeron Bonariense, L., Sp. Pl., 863.

Gran Chaco near Asuncion (359). December—January.

It is difficult to see any difference between this species and a

Conyza, as there is really no ligule on the ray flowers, or it is so

minute as to be inappreciable. <A tall coarse weed 12-15 dm. high,

with a very large head of branches, some 5—7 dm. long, springing

from nearly the same point. Heads small, apparently discoid, the

flowers all threadlike, tubular and fertile. Flowers and pappus

tawny. Stem stout, striate, rough on the striz, pubescent among

the inflorescence. Leaves linear, glabrous, serrulate, 6-12 cm. long.

Common in the lowlands on the western side of the Paraguay.

Erigeron linifolius, Willd., Sp. Pl., iii, 1955.

Conyza plebeja, Phil. in Herb. Kew.

Conyza ambigua, D.C., Prod., v, 381.

La Plata, Arg. Republic (22); Asuncion (322 and 342). October—

December.

Stems 3-9 dm. high, hirsute, branching. Flowers white. Ray

flowers nearly or quite without ligules. Pappus tawny. Peduncles

and scales hirsute. Leaves linear, sparsely serrate, 5—T cm. long,

1mm. wide. Differs from the preceding species also in the lower,

more stragglingly branched stems, and larger heads.

Conyza Chilensis, Spreng., Nov. Prov., 1818, p. 14.

Luque (343); Asuncion (628); Pilcomayo River (1514). Decem-

ber—January.

Heads much larger than in either of the 2 preceding species,

1-14 cm. high, 1 cm. broad. Stems striate, and with tke leaves and

peduncles closely white hirsute, 7-10 dm. high. Leaves oblong-

linear or obovate, more or less serrate and scabrous on both sides,

4-8 cm. long and 5 mm. to 24 cm. wide, the lowest usually obovate,

the uppermost linear. Ray flowers without ligules. Heads in small

terminal corymbs, 20 or less in number.

Conyza triplinervia, Less., Linnea, 1831, p. 137.

Villa Rica (497). January.

A suffruticose, glabrous species, 3-6 dm. high. Heads small, in

large terminal panicled corymbs. Stems and leaves more or less

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 141

viscous. Oauline leaves ovate-oblong, sharply serrate, 3-nerved,

petiolate, 6-12 cm. long.

Baccharis cognata, D.C., Prod., v, 413.

Villa Morra near Asuncion (775). May.

Suffruticose, about 6 dm. high, glabrous. Heads small, clustered

on short lateral branches, 12-25 flowered. Flowers white. Leaves

obovate-cuneate, 1-25 cm. long, 8-20 mm. broad, rigid, coarsely

toothed, glabrous.

Baccharis dracunculifolia, D.C., 1. c., 421.

Luque (3818). December. .

A shrub sometimes reaching a height of 2 m. or more. Bushy

branched. Leaves numerous, sessile, linear-lanceolate, sparsely

serrate, 2-3 cm. long, 3-5 mm. or more broad. Flowers thread-

like, greenish in hue. Heads crowded, numerous, on short downy

peduncles. Pubescent among the inflorescence.

Baccharis genistilloides, Pers., Syn., ii, 425.

Caballero (437); between Asuncion and San Lorenzo (723).

January. :

A curious plant occurring on the open campo. It has the stems

broadly or narrowly 2-3 winged, and the leaves reduced to scales

at the joints of the wings. Flowers spiked in interrupted verticils.

_ The leafless-looking stems and branches lend a gaunt, weird ‘aspect

to the plant.

Baccharis juncea, Desf., Cat. Hort. Paris, 1829, p. 183?

Pilecomayo River (1516). March.

Baccharis nana, D. Don., Mart. Fl. Bras., vi, pt. 3, 56.

Asuncion (647). April.

A slender species, shrubby, 3-5 dm. high, scurfy above. Leaves

linear-oblanceolate, 1-24 cm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, sparsely serrate

above. Heads about 5 mm. high, pedicellate, axillary, scattered ;

scales 4 or 5 rows, obtuse or abruptly acute, ciliolate, membranous

on the margins. ~A strict dry-looking plant, occurring in open

grounds and old fields.

142 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Baccharis notosergila, Gris., Symb. Flor. Arg., 183.

Pileomayo River (1009). April.

Called by our Guarani peons Escoba de los Indios, or Indian

broom, because it serves admirably for making small brooms or

brushes. A dry, sage-like plant, about 6 dm. high, very branching

and bushy. Shrubby, with a terete, slate-colored stem. Leaves

square, sharp-angled phyllodia, without blades. Corolla very small,

the tube green below and whitish above, with minute lobes, buried

in the abundant silky-capillary pappus. Very common on the cam-

pos at the Pileomayo Falls.

Baccharis oxyodonta, D.C., 1. c., 404.

B. triplinervia, D.C., 1. ¢.

- Asuncion (135); Pilcomayo River (1515). November—May.

6-9 dm. high, angular, glabrous or somewhat pubescent among

the inflorescence, both stem and leaves very viscous. Leaves alter-

nate, long-petioled, 3-nerved, acute at either end, entire or sparsely

serrulate, 4-10 cm. long, 6-15 mm. broad, black glandular spotted

on both sides. Heads about 6 mm. long, in small terminal corymbs;

scales in about 3 rows, acute, l-nerved; pappus tawny. This plant

grows in low wettish grounds around Asuncion, and also occurs in

the great laguna on the Pileomayo River.

Baccharis Platensis, Spreng., Syst., iii, 165.

Pilcomayo River (1022). May.

Stem shrubby, strict, branching, glabrous below, pubescent above,

striate, angular, about 9 dm. high. Leaves 5-10 cm. long, 7 mm.

to 2 em. wide, opposite, oblanceolate, puberulent, serrate above,

l-nerved or the lowest 3-nerved, abruptly acute at the apex and

sloping at the base into a short petiole. Heads not quite 1 cm.

high, glomerate at the ends of the branches and projecting divari-

cately; scales in 4 or 5 rows, obtuse, ciliolate. Common on the

campo at the Pilcomayo Falls.

Baccharis sessiliflora, Vahl., Symb., iii, 97.

Luque (1517).

Baccharis subopposita, D.C., 1. c., 413.

Asuncion (647 a); Pilcomayo River (1518 and 941). February—

April.

It is possible that these numbers represent different species. The

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 143

leaves of 1518 are nearly entire, many of them subopposite; those

of 941 are sharply dentate and but few of them subopposite; while

the leaves of 647a are opposite or alternate, entire or 1-5 dentate

on each side, the upper ones linear. The plants are all much

branched, the branches rising at a sharp angle. Stem branches

and leaves covered with a granular scurf, or in 1518 lepidote.

Heads sessile or pedicelled, 15-20 flowered; scales somewhat

spreading, subacute or obtuse, ciliolate, white membranous on the

margins.

Baccharis trinervis, Pers., Syn., ii, 423.

Pilcomayo River (1011). April.

One of the most common species in South America, found in

many parts of Brazil, and spreading from Ecquador across the high

lands of Bolivia, through Paraguay to the Argentine Republic.

The leaves are large, lanceolate, entire, glabrous, shortly petioled

and strongly 3-nerved.

Pluchea Quitoc, D.C., 1. c., 450.

Asuncion (619). March.

Flowers pale purple, in large terminal cymes, exhaling an agree-

able aromatic odor. Stems about 6 dm. high, strict, winged by the

decurrent leaves. Common in marshy grounds.

Tessaria integrifolia, R. and P., Syst., 213.

T. mucronata, D.C., Prod., v, 456.

Near Asuncion (383). January.

A small tree 5-8 m. in height, occurring in clumps in the low-

lands of the Chaco, opposite Asuncion. As described in Benth. and

Hook. Gen. PI., the flower of Tessaria does not accord precisely

with my specimens. All the outer flowers of the head are abortive.

The central flower only is perfect, large, solitary, surrounded by

setaceous chaff. All are apparently destitute of pappus. Achenium

somewhat 4-gonous and top-shaped. Corolla with 5 large, purple,

mucronate lobes, which are united around the staminate column,

enclosing them and the style. Style single, just protruding through

the opening of the corolla and ending in a club-shaped stigmatic tip.

Branches brownish in color. Bark smooth. Leaves chlanceolate,

canescent on both sides.

144 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

The gentleman on whose farm these trees grow told me that his

cattle were extravagantly fond of the leaves and young branches,

and made desperate efforts to pull them down.

| Pterocaulon angustifolium, D.C., 1. c., 454.

Luque (314). December. = Balansa 834 a.

According to Benth. and Hook. Gen. PI., only 13 species of Ptero-

caulon are known, 7 of which are Australian and the other 6 inhabi-

tants of North and South America. Four of these are included in

this list of Paraguay plants. The most interesting of them, per-

haps, is no. 192, P. virgatum, D.C. This grows on the open campo

both in Central Paraguay and on the Pilcomayo. The heads are

in long, narrow, terminal spikes 10-25 cm. long, or in interrupted

verticils, on long, nearly naked peduncles. Leaves few, linear,

5-10 cm. in length, dark green on the upper surface, revolute and

white woolly beneath, decurrent in long green wings upon the stem.

Between the wings, the stem is white woolly like the under surface

of the leaves.

By the side of this on the campo are two other species, P. capt-

tatum (no. 958b) and P. alopecuroideum (no. 958 a), the latter

with elliptical leaves about 24 cm. long, and densely white woolly

below, the heads in short, compact, terminal spikes. All the species

are very peculiar in appearance, and at once attract attention by

their forlorn, starved looks among the luxuriant growths of South

America.

Pterocaulon capitatum (4H. and A. ); Britton.

Pluchea capitata, H. and A.

Pilcomayo River (958b). March. = Balansa 838.

Pterocaulon virgatum (L.), D.C., 1. c., 454.

Pilcomayo River (958); Asuncion (192).

Pterocaulon alopecuroideum (Sw.), D.C., l. c¢.

Pilcomayo River (958 a). March.

Achyrocline satureoides (Lam.), D.C., Prod., vi, 220.

Gran Chaco near Asuncion (354). December.

While resembling Gnaphalium in general appearance, this genus

is distinguished by its small heads, containing 5-8 flowers, and with

8-12 involucral scales, which close tightly over the flowers. The

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 145

species here noted has scattered leaves, the largest of which are 8

em. long and 14 cm. broad. The heads are densely crowded in

small terminal corymbs, of a glistening golden tint.

Gnaphalium cheiranthifolium, Lam., Encyc., ii, 752.

Trinidad (793). October.

Gnaphalium Indicum, L., Sp. Pl., Ed. 2, 1200.

Pilcomayo River (1519). January.

Gnaphalium purpureum, L., l.c.

Asuncion (32 and 32a). October-November.

Gnaphalium spicatum, Lam., Encyc., ii, 757.

Caballero (602), January.

Of the species of Gnaphalium here noted, no. 793 is the most

striking. It grows 4-9 dm. high, with a glandular, webby-haired

stem, crowded, oblanceolate leaves 8-10 cm. long, and a densely

crowded corymb of large heads. It reminded me in looks of an

overgrown Anaphalis margaritacea. No. 32 is very common in

open grounds both in Paraguay and the Argentine Republic. No.

602 is a slender, erect species, 3-6 dm. high, very silvery-white on

the stem and leaves. Flowers in small clusters at the ends of nearly

erect branches, the scales pale. brown in tint.

Acanthospermum hispidum, D.C., Prod., v, 522.

Asuncion (162). November.

We may well be thankful] that of the 2 only known species (or 4

according to DeCandolle) of Acanthospermum, both of which are

South American, but one (A. xanthioides) has found its way into

our country. The sharp, 4-spined achenia, produced in great abund-

ance, are very annoying. ‘The bare-footed natives of Paraguay

suffer very seriously from them sometimes, for wounds from thorns

are dangerous things in a climate where even a scratch is liable to

produce gangrene.

Ambrosia artemisizfolia, L., Sp. Pl., 988.

Asuncion (133). November.

Xanthium spinosum, L., Sp. Pl., 987.

Asuncion (46). November.

Annas N. Y. Acap. Sci., VII, Feb. 1893.—10

146 _ Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Xanthium Canadense, Miller, Dict. Ed., 8.

Asuncion (807).

Enhydra Anagallis, Gard. in Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot., viii, 409.

Asuncion (79). November—February.

As none of this marsh-loving family are known in this country,

readers of these notes may be interested to learn something about

them. <A succulent, spreading plant, growing abundantly in miry

places along the borders of the Paraguay River at Asuncion, the

stems hollow, rooting at the nodes, and sometimes running 3-6 dm

Flowers inconspicuous, in sessile, axillary heads, subtended by large

foliaceous bracts. Involucral scales 4, large, whitish-green, often

closing over the flowers so as to completely hide them. Ray flowers

in 3 rows, white, pistillate, fertile, 3-toothed. Flowers of the disk

perfect, the corolla greenish-white, the stamens and style exserted ;

stamens black; stigma small, feathery, not appendaged. Pappus

none. Achenia smooth. Receptacle chaffy, the chaff large, very

hairy and closely investing the flowers. As the native Paraguayans

are great herb doctors, firmly persuaded that every known plant has

its medicinal virtues, they prize a tea made by steeping the foliage

of this plant as a remedy for various disorders of the bowels.

Eclipta alba (L.), Hassk., Pl. Jav. Rar., 528.

Asuncion (74). November.

Wulfia baccata (L. f.), Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl., 373.

Between Pirayu and Jaguaron (670). April.

A rough, hirsute plant, found in deep woods. ‘The flowers are

in small globular heads, the most conspicuous thing about them

being the vellow pales, which are stiff, rough-pubescent, rising in

a sharp point above the achenia when in fruit so as to present a

bristly appearance to the head.

Blainvillea biaristata, D. C., Prod., v, 492.

Caballero (601). January. = Balansa 785.

This genus is distinguished by having heterogamous flowers,

those of the ray obscurely or distinctly ligulate. Receptacle chaffy.

Achenia subeompressed or triquetrous. Pappus of 2-3 bristles con-

nate at the base. The species here noted is a weak plant 3-6 dm.

high. Leaves opposite, ovate, acute at either end, sharply ser-

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 147

rate, hispidulous. Heads terminal or lateral, sessile or peduncled.

Flowers pale yellow. Pappus of 2 very short, unequal bristles.

Stemmodontia brachycarpa (Baker), Morong.

Wedelia brachycarpa Baker in Mart. Fl. Bras., vi, pt. 3, 181.

Asuncion (52 and 819). October. = Balansa 855.

A rough hairy, branching plant 6-9 dm. high, with good sized,

solitary heads on peduncles longer than the leaves. My specimens

differ from the type in having petioles 1-8 mm. long. Leaves ovate

or lanceolate, opposite, 3-nerved, serrate, 24-5 cm. long. Rays 8,

yellow. Pappus horny, cupulate. Achenia densely papillose.

Abundant in the neighborhood of Asuncion, both in low grounds

and uplands.

We are using the name Stemmodontia, Cass., for this genus, be-

cause Wedelia, Jacq.(1760), isa homonym of Wedelia, Lefl. (1758),

as pointed out by O. Kuntze.

Aspilia reflexa, Baker lives, 196:

Asuncion (1520). November. = Balansa 853.

Aspilia setosa, Griseb., Symb. Flor. Arg., 192.

Asuncion (464). January.

Aspilia silphioides, Baker, l.c.,197. Ex descr.

Asuncion (216). December.

The Aspilias are hirsute plants, with large, solitary, yellow-

flowered heads on long peduncles, reminding one in general of

many of our smaller Heliantht. No. 1520 has showy flowers 24

em. high, 4 cm. in diameter when expanded ; rays 9-12; pappus of

2 scales. Stems 4-5 dm. high, branching, decumbent. Leaves

sessile, serrate, hispidulous, 5-10 cm. long. No. 464 is smaller,

only 3 dm. high, with a softer pubescence. Its leaves are entire

or remotely serrulate, linear-lanceolate, sessile, somewhat obscurely

3-nerved, the largest 10-12 cm. long and 14-2 cm. wide. Rays 10,

golden-yellow, 2-toothed, about 2 cm. long. No. 216 has heads

much smaller than in the preceding species, being only 14 cm. high,

and 25 em. when expanded. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, petioled,

3-nerved, serrate, the blades 6-10 cm. long, 14-34.cm. wide. Pappus

of 1 or 2 long projecting bristles. Achenia 5 mm. long, flattish,

4-angled, hairy, narrowing to the base, with a smooth, shining,

callous base, somewhat pitted or ridged on the faces. Whole plant

very rough, growing to a height of 9 dm.

148 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Echinocephalum latifolium, Gardn. in Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot.,

vii, 295.

Pilcomayo River (1054). June. = Balansa 857.

Somewhat like the Wulffia above described. “Heads smaller,

globular, with yellow rays, burr-like in aspect when in fruit, the

palez pointed by a weak yellow spine. Leaves ovate or deltoid-

ovate, opposite, dentate, the blades 5-8 cm. long, on petioles 15-24

em. in length.

Verbesina Arnottii, Baker, 1. c., 215.

Near Trinidad (845). November. = Gibert 10438.

A handsome plant, with large, solitary, sulphur-yellow heads, on

naked peduncles 7-22 cm. long. Stems rough, often much branched, ©

3-6 dm. high. Leaves alternate, serrate, sessile, 3-5 em. long, 6

mm. to 2cm.broad. Rays about 12, often with a black line along

the margins. Heads 2-24 cm. high. Pappus of 3 awns. Recep-

tacle with chaff longer than the achenia.

Verbesina encelioides (Cav.), A. Gray, Syn. FI. N. A., i, pt. 2, 288.

Verbesina australis, Baker, 1. c.

Asuncion (98). November.

Much branched, 3-6 dm. high, with many showy heads of deep

yellow flowers. Heads 2 cm. high, 24 cm. in diameter when ex-

panded. Leaves alternate or the lower opposite or subopposite,

petioled, incisely serrate, acute or acuminate, cuneate or sometimes

auriculate at base, white tomentose beneath, dark above, 3-8 cm.

long, 2-4 cm. wide at base.

Verbesina sordescens, D.C., Prod., v, 613.

Asuncion (628a). March. = Balansa 860 a.

Stems pubescent, much branched, 6-12 dm. high. Flowers

smaller than in the preceding species, in large terminal corymbs,

the peduncles 1-3 cm. long. Heads 1-14 em. high. Rays about

10, light yellow, striped. Leaves alternate or the lower opposite,

sessile, dentate, the teeth callous, 7-15 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide. In

dry open grounds.

Spilanthes stolonifera, D.C., 1. c., 621.

Asuncion (89). = Balansa 789 and 790. .

This pretty little yellow-flowered composite, from 8 to 20 cm. in

height, covers all the flats along the river-side near Asuncion. It

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 149

blossoms from November to April, and, in fact, even in July, in the

depth of winter, specimens in flower could be obtained by careful

search among the grass. Stems often creeping and rooting.

Bidens pilosa, L., Sp. Pl., 832.

Asuncion (208); Pilcomayo River (959). November—March.

This plant fills the waste grounds and old fields around the city,

and is aS great a nuisance as our own Spanish Needles. I found

specimens on the Pileomayo River banks nearly 3 m. in height.

This was distributed as B. leucantha, Willd.

Isostigma Vailiana, Britton, n. sp.

Perennial, glabrous, stem prostrate or ascending, 10-15 cm. long. Leaves

coriaceous, narrowly cuneate at the base, laciniately 3-7 toothed at the apex,

4—7 cm. long, 8-12 mm. wide; peduncles erect, usually single and terminal,

sometimes with an additional one or two lateral ones, 10—20 cm. high; heads

discoid, 1-1} cm. broad; involucre campanulate; scales in 3 rows, ovate,

obtusish; flowers purple; corolla rather deeply 4-lobed ; achenia flat, linear,

slightly narrowed below, with two divergent, subulate awns at the apex;

palee linear, membranaceous, nearly as long as the achenia.

_ lLimpio (734). May. Differs from other species of the genus in

its 4-lobed corolla, all the described ones having 5-toothed corollas.

This rare plant, with large handsome dark purple heads, is named

in honor of Miss Anna Murray Vail, by whose kindly assistance

the work of arranging my Paraguay collection has been greatly

facilitated.

Calea clematidea, Baker, 1. c., 262.

Asuncion (766). July. == Balansa 845.

Calea uniflora, Less., Linnea, 1830, p. 159.

Caballero (514). January. = Balansa 812.

This genus, which does not occur in the United States, is distin-

guished by having sagittate anthers, chaffy receptacles, and narrow,

angled achenia crowned with a pappus of 5-20 chaff-like scales.

No. 766 is very branching, the stems suffruticose, 4 or 5 dm. high.

Leaves opposite, ovate, crenate-dentate, with truncate or subcordate

base, pubescent, rugose beneath, the blades 3-4 cm. long, 14-2 cm.

wide, on short downy petioles. Flowers yellow in numerous small

heads. Scales of the involucre broad, obtuse, appressed, imbricated,

yellowish-green, striped, in 3 or 4 rows. Rays 4, with 3 or 4 teeth,

150 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

clawed. Pappus of many lanceolate, ciliate scales twice as long as

the densely hispid achenia. No. 514 has much larger heads, soli-

tary, on naked peduncles 8-20 cm. long. Rays numerous, 2 ecm.

long, light yellow, striped, entire or somewhat eroded at the tip.

Pappus of about 15 linear-lanceolate, ciliate or lacerate scales, 5 mm.

long, twice as long as the hispid achenia.

Both species grow in open grounds.

Porophylium ruderale (Sw.), Cass. Dict., xliii, 56.

Porophyllum ellipticum, Cass., 1. c.

Caballero (475). Asuncion (651). January—April.

Similar in most respects to no. 889, but the leaves are elliptical,

long petioled, glaucous, 4-5 cm. long, 2 cm. wide or less. Achenia

subulate, thickly clothed with short, upwardly pointing hairs. Pap-

pus minutely hispid upwardly |

I have seen no description of the curious marginal markings of

the leaves. They are apparently crenate, but in reality have a wavy

outline caused by indentures or depressions, which have below them,

sunk in the surface of the leaf, a brownish gland corresponding in

curvature with the indenture.

Porophylium lanceolatum, D.C., Prod., v, 649.

Pilcomayo River (889). January.

Stems rigid, striate, much branched, 6-9 dm. high. Leaves

linear-lanceolate, alternate, entire, sessile or the lower shortly

petioled, much attenuated at the base, 25-5 em. long, 5 mm. broad.

Heads 2 em. high, solitary, on peduncles 4—7 cm. long. Scales in

a single series, linear, marked by 2 rows of dark sunken glands.

These scales are so closely coalescent when growing as to appear

but one tipped with 5 small lobes, but they separate in drying.

Achenia linear, minutely striate, 8 mm. long. Scales, corollas,

anthers, styles, and achenia all dark purple, causing the whole head

to look almost black. An ill-smelling plant.

Tagetes glandulifera, Schrank., Pl. Rar. Monac., ii, t. 54.

Pirayu (671). = Balansa 912.

Certainly one of the most curiously constructed plants that I had

the pleasure of examining in Paraguay. It grows in masses from .

2 to 24 m. high on the borders of woods. Leaves pinnate, the leaf-

lets crenate, with yellow, often lunate glands beneath the crena-

tures, and 1-2 teeth in the marginal space between them, so that the

Plants Collected in Paraguay. eo

margin may he called compound, crenate and serrate. Stipules of

3-branched hairs, the same kind of hairs running up the petiole to

some distance, and often dichotomously branching into 3 or 5 divi-

sions. Involucre slender, cylindrical, 15 mm. long, consisting appa-

rently of only one scale, the parts so completely coalescing that no

lines of junction can be seen, leaving only 5 small lobes at the apex

to mark their number. On this involucre are 5 rows of elongated

yellow glands. The plant seems to have a great fancy for the num-

ber 5, there being often 5 branches to the stipular hairs, 5 lobes and

5 rows of glands on the involucre, 5 flowers in the head, 5 pappus

scales, 5 corolla lobes, and 5 stamens.

Flowering from October to April.

Tagetes patula, L., Sp. Pl., 887.

Asuncion (81). November. :

The French Marigold. This is not a native of Paraguay, but it

sometimes escapes from gardens and grows spontaneously.

Soliva anthemidifolia, R. Br. Obs. Comp., 101.

La Plata, Arg. Republic (23). October.

Soliva sessilis, R. and P., Prod. Fl. Per., 113, t. 24.

La Plata, Arg. Republic (24).

Erechthites hieracifolia (L.), Raf. in D.C. Prod., vi, 294.

Asuncion (812); Pilcomayo River (1521).

The Fire-weed is found growing not only in its ordinary situations,

but often in the streets, in the very heart of the city of Asuncion.

Erechthites valerianzfolia (Wolf.), D.C., 1. c., 295.

Caballero (439). January.

With beautiful rosy-tinted, fleecy pappus. Leaves pinnate. Far

handsomer than the rough fire-weed of our country.

Senecio Benthami, Griseb., Symb. Fl. Arg., 206.

Caballero (411); Pilecomayo River (848). November—February.

A very handsome flower. The heads large, rays crimson in color,

reflexed in full flower, tips of the corolla lobes reddish, and the pro-

jecting staminate column and stigma yellow, thus giving a wonder-

ful brilliancy of color to the flowers. It often climbs among trees

upon which it leans to the height of 3 m. or more.

152 Piants Collected in Paraguay.

Senecio Hualtata, D.C., |. c., 417.

Buenos Aires (10). October.

Chaptalia integrifolia (Cass.), Baker in Mart. Fl. Bras , vi, pt. 3, 377.

Asuncion (710). May—July.

Chaptalia nutans (L.), Hemsl., Biol. Centr. Amer., Bot., ii, 255.

Asuncion (747). June.

This and no. 710 are quite similar and very interesting plants.

They grow in the shade of trees on borders of forests and thickets.

The large radical leaves, green above, white tomentose beneath, lie

in a tuft upon the ground, and the scape produces a large, solitary

flower at the summit. Ray flowers whitish, threadlike, fertile, with

a long exserted style and double stigma. Disk flowers with a long

filamentous tube, so slender as to appear like a bristle of the pappus.

Pappus copious, soft, fleecy, white or bronze-tinted. No. 747 has

lyrate-pinnatifid, more or less denticulate leaves, while those of 710

are entire or sparsely denticulate. The beads are at first nodding,

and erect in fruit.

Trixis divaricata (H. B. K.), Spreng., Syst., iii, 501.

Asuncion (768). January—July.

Stems suffruticose, slender, sometimes growing to a height of

3 m., leaning on shrubs for support. Branches divaricate. Leaves

alternate, narrow-lanceolate, entire, nearly glabrous above and white

woolly beneath, auriculate, 2-15 cm. long, 5 mm. to 3 ecm. wide.

Inflorescence in very long (20—40 cm.), terminal, loose panicles.

Heads 7-10 mm. high. Flowers all tubular, white. Scales in 2

series, the outer few and small, inner about 8, pubescent, ciliate.

About 12 flowers in the heads. Pappus white.

Trixis ochroleuca (Cass.), H. and A. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag., i, 33.

Asuncion (842); Pilcomayo River (1010). November—April.

= Balansa 788.

Stem very slender, 20-30 cm. high. Leaves mostly in a radical

tuft, obovate, rounded or acute at the apex, 4-12 cm. long, 1-3 em.

wide, unequally dentate, sloping into a short petiole. Cauline leaves

much smaller, oblong, sessile, acute, sometimes cuspidate. Flowers

in terminal corymbs, the branches erect, much divided, the ultimate

peduncles 2-3 cm. long. Heads about 1 cm. high. Scales 1-seriate,

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 153

pubescent, with a purple, almost black tuft of hairs at the apex.

Corolla white, bilabiate, the exterior lip much the largest and

3-toothed. The heads are numerous and very pretty.

Trixis verbasciformis, Less., Linnea, 1830, p. 29.

Villa Rica (491). January. = Balansa 727.

A stout yellow-flowered, shrubbyish plant, 4 or 5 feet high,

occurring in open grounds at Villa Rica. Flowers exceedingly

numerous, very fragrant. Pappus copious, of deep copper-colored

bristles. Lobes of the corolla of the same color. A showy, con-

Spicuous species.

Jungia floribunda, Less., |. c., 38.

Luque (306). December.

A coarse plant 12-24 dm. high. Stem stout, pubescent. Leaves

alternate, orbicular-cordate, deeply 5-8 lobed, palmately veined,

nearly glabrous above, velvety pubescent beneath, on _ petioles

10-12 cm. long, the largest blades over 20 cm. long, and the same

in breadth. Stipules large, roundisb, broader than long, cordate

or slightly lobed at base, dentate or angular. Flowers in large,

spreading, many-forked panicles. Heads 8-12 mm. high, contain-

ing about 12 flowers. There are only about 5 small, pubescent

involucral scales in one row. What seem to be an inner series of

larger scales are really the outer row of pale, as they all enwrap

a flower. These are oblong, pubescent, 3 or more nerved, ciliate,

7 or 8 mm. in length. Hach flower is closely invested by a rigid

palea. Corolla white, bilabiate, the exterior lip larger, 3-toothed,

the interior 2-parted. Achenia ribbed, slightly beaked, very slen-

der, pubescent, 5 mm. long. Bristles of the pappus plumose.

Hypocheris lutea (Vell.), Britton.

Penanthes lutea, Vell., Flor. Flum., 350, viii, t. 91.

Hypocheris Brasiliensis, Griseb., Symb. Flor. Arg., 217.

Asuncion (799 and 843). October-November.

Stem slender, striate, pilose with scattered, spreading hairs, 20-30

em high. Leaves mostly in a radical tuft, pinnatifid or dentate,

the largest 5-6 cm. long, 1-14 cm. broad. Cauline leaves few,

linear-lanceolate, clasping, hastate. Inflorescence loosely panicled.

Heads solitary, 14-2 em. high; ultimate peduncles 3-10 em. long.

Scales biseriate, each with a white webby margin and green centre,

the outer shorter. Corollas yellow or nearly white, ligulate, the

154 ; Plants Collected in Paraguay.

ligule bilabiate, one lip with 3 and one with 2 small teeth. Palex

membranaceous, glabrous, acuminate, longer than the achenia.

Achenia 7 or 8 mm. long, muricate, long-beaked. Pappus white or

tawny, plumose. This plant has a milky juice, and the roots are

very thick and large. The roots are sometimes used as chicory.

Sonchus oleraceus, L., Sp. Pl., 794.

Asuncion (193). November.

Picrosia longifolia, Don., Trans. Lin. Soc., xvi, 183.

Asuncion (146); Pileomayo River (1522). November—May.

= Balansa 867, and Mandon 287.

Picrosia differs from Hypocheris in having entire leaves, the in-

volucral scales in one series, naked receptacles, beaks of the achenia

very long and filiform, and the ligules nearly equally 5-toothed. —

The species here noted has weak, glabrous stems and heads solitary

on long, naked peduncles. The heads when fully mature are 3 cm.

long, subtended by several small bracts. Achenia fusiform, 14 rib-

bed, with a beak 5-8 mm. long. Pappus plumose, tawny. Ligules

conspicuous, pure white. Juice milky. Leaves linear-lanceolate

or oblanceolate, 10-30 cm. long, the radical with extremely long,

slender petioles, and the cauline sessile and hastate. It often occurs

in the streets of Asuncion, creeping from under the curbstones of

the sidewalks, so weak that it can scarcely keep itself erect. I found

it on the banks of the Pileomayo with stems nearly 12 dm. long,

reclining on the ground at full length. It is called chicory by the

natives, and the roots used like those of no. 146 as a substitute for

coffee. |

CAMPANULACEA.

Lobelia Xalapensis, H. B. K., Nov. Gen., iii, 315.

Caballero (443). January.

20-30 cm. high. Small blue flowers in terminal racemes. Stem

and branches slender, glabrous. Leaves alternate, ovate-deltoid,

subcordate or truncate at base, irregularly crenate-dentate, 1-2 cm.

long, 8-15 mm. broad, shortly petioled. Branches naked for 7-10

em. at the summit.

Wahlenbergia limarioides (Lam.), A. D. C., Mon. Camp., 158.

Gran Chaco, near Asuncion (1523); Pilcomayo River (919).

February —= Balansa 2149.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 155

Found in fruit only. Stems very slender, glabrous, much and

straggingly branched, 44-6 dm. high. Leaves alternate, sparse,

linear, sessile, acute, 3-15 mm. long. Pods many-nerved, 7 or 8

mm. long, on bracted pedicels 1-2 cm. long and crowned by 5 rigid,

persistent sepals. Seeds brown, shining, nearly orbicular, 2 mm.

long.

PLUMBAGINEA.

Plumbago scandens, L., Sp. Pl., Ed. 2, 215.

Asuncion (691). May.

My specimens exhibited no tendency to climb, but were erect,

9-12 dm. high. A shrubby plant with alternate, oblong-lanceolate,

entire, shining leaves, the largest 8-10 cm. long, 6 cm. wide, on

short wing-margined petioles. Flowers in terminal spikes. Calyx

tube 1 em. long, shortly 3-4 lobed at the apex, with 5 green lines

down the sides, alternating with white membranaceous nerves, beset

with short, upright hairs each tipped by a small globular gland.

Corolla white or slightly purplish, with a slender tube 2 cm. long;

lobes 5, rotate, oblong. Stamens 4, much exserted; anthers blue.

Capsule closely invested by the persistent, glandular calyx.

PRIMULACEA.

Anmagallis coerulea, Schreb. Spic. Fl. Lips., 5.

Buenos Aires (17). October.

Samolus floribundus, H. B. K., Nov. Gen., ii, 181.

Pileomayo River (925). February.

The plant which is so common in our country, and which has

“usually been mistaken for S. Valerandz, L. The Pileomayo, on

which it occurs, is a stream of brackish or, when low, of saline

water.

MYRSINEA.

Myrsine Guyanensis (Aublet), Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl., 402.

Myrsine floribunda, R. Br.

Asuncion (757). June.

A shrub or small tree with grayish, somewhat corrugated bark,

38-6 m. higb Found only in fruit. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous,

156 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

alternate, entire, obovate, rounded and emarginate at the apex, the

largest 8 cm. long, 2 cm. broad, sloping into a short petiole. Berries

purplish, globular, 3-5 mm. in diameter, on pedicels 1-3 mm. long,

containing a single, large bony seed. The leaves are clustered at

the ends of the branches. I found the trees covered with flocks of

birds feeding upon the fruit.

SAPOTACE®.

Chrysophylium Martianum, A. D.C., Prod., viii, 161.

C. ebenaceum, Mart., var. pedunculatum, Miq. in Mart. Fl. Bras., vii, 100.

Asuncion (701 and 701 a).

A shrub or small tree 4-5 m. high. Young branches ferruginous-

downy. Leaves thick, evergreen, glabrous (at least when old),

alternate, entire, elliptical, rounded or often emarginate at the apex.

On some trees all or nearly all the leaves are from 15 to 30 mm.

long and 14 to 2 cm. wide, on others they vary from 3 to 4 cm. long

and 1} to 24cm. wide. Petioles 2-3 mm. long, canaliculate above.

Flowers small, in small clusters along the branches, on pubescent

pedicels 2-4 mm. long. Calyx lobes rounded, pubescent, 5. Petals

white, twice as long as the calyx. Fruit not seen. The flowering

branches are mostly short and lateral

Chrysophyllum maytenoides, Mart. in A. D.C., 1. ¢.

Asuncion (841). May. = Gibert no. 8.

A tree very similar in appearance to no. 701. Leaves rather

more numerous, but quite similar, the largest collected 24 cm. long,

8mm. broad. Petioles 3-4 mm. long. Pedicels 3-5 mm. long, at

least in fruit. Flowers not seen. JF ruit a black, edible, sweet

berry, about the size of a huckleberry, containing a single hard,

brownish globular seed which has a large lunate, dark-bordered -

scar at the base.

Miquel states in Flora Brasiliensis that this species has a longer

style than that of C. Martianum, and that the ovules are pendulous

from the top of the cells instead of ascending from the base as in

that.

Sideroxylon reticulatum, Britton, n. sp.

A glabrous shrub, 5-7 metres high, the branches densely leafy. Leaves

coriaceous, short-petioled, obovate, rounded or obtuse at the apex, narrowed

at the base, 6-10 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide, entire, dark green both sides, finely

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 157

reticulate veined; flowers dicecious, solitary, axillary, white, about 3 mm.

long; stamens 5; staminodia 5; fruit oval or pyriform, as large as a plum,

the flesh greenish-yellow, sweet, containing 1-4, compressed, shining seeds

about 15 mm. long and 6 mm. wide.

Asuncion (839). Same as Balansa’s 2389 and 2391, Gibert’s no.

46 from Asuncion, and Gardner’s 1977 from Brazil. Near S. Mas-

tichodendron. Possibly the same as Lucuma laurifolia, A. D.C.

Called Aguay, but not the Argentine plant so known.

I found much of this growing along the course of the river Pilco-

mayo, where it becomes a tree from 8 to 13 m. in height, with

leaves in some cases 26 em. long and 3 cm. wide. The fruit is often

sold in the market at Asuncion, and is much valued. The flesh,

though sweet, is somewhat gummy, and may be sucked a long while

in the mouth before dissolving. I was informed by physicians in ~

Asuncion that the bark is used medicinally as a stimulant and for

strengthening. ‘The native name Aguay is pronounced something

like Arguaoo. Fruits in January. The wild hog of the country

or Peceary is quite fond of it, as we found droves of them under

the trees devouring the fallen plums.

OLEACE 4.

Jasminum grandifiorum, L., Sp. Pl., Ed. 2, 9.

Asuncion (640). April.

This lovely Jasmine is often cultivated in gardens at Asuncion,

where it is a great favorite. It also runs wild, and climbs over

hedges and fence rows. The flower is large, deliciously fragrant,

pure white, or in the unopened bud sometimes pink or reddish-pur-

ple. Leaves pinnate. |

Jasminum revolutum, Sims, Bot. Mag., t. 1731.

Asuncion (836). November.

A shrub 3-7 dm. in height, often cultivated in Asuncion gardens,

where it is known as Jasmina. Leaves pinnate, but the leaflets

are larger than in no. 640. The flowers are yellow, and slightly

fragrant. I did not see it wild. Probably not a native of the

country, as it is credited in D.C. Prod. to Nepaul.

Jasminum Sambac Gy. Ait., Hort. Kew, i, 8.

Asuncion (148); Pileomayo River (1524). October—February.

A shrub from 1 to 3 dm. in height, bearing a pretty, pure white,

158 Plants Coliected in Paraguay.

sweet-scented flower. From 2 to 7 flowers in a cluster on a com-

mon peduncle. This species has large, ovate, opposite, simple

leaves. It is both cultivated in flower-gardens and runs wild in

the country. I found it not only in the vicinity of Asuncion, but

far up on the Pilcomayo.

APOCYNACEA.

Thevetia neriifolia, Juss. ex Steud.; D.C., Prod., viii, 43.

Asuncion (642). April-May.

A shrub or small tree, 3-7 m. high, with milky juice and long,

linear, glabrous, coriaceous leaves. The flowers are large and

showy, bright yellow, on filiform, drooping peduncles. The twin

ovaries become in fruit perfectly united so as to form a 2 or 4-celled

triangular drupe, containing a thick, hard pulp or aril. This is

suspended on a long, slender, drooping stalk, soon dropping off.

It is sometimes cultivated along the borders of walks in gardens,

where it makes a pretty object. It is the ‘‘Cerbera Thevetia” of

Parodi’s catalogue, named by him ‘‘San Francisco de los Uagas.”’

Thevetia Paraguayensis, Britton, n. sp.

Twigs and pedicels densely velvety-pubescent. Leaves oblanceolate, thick,

obtuse and cuspidate at the apex, narrowed at the base, glabrate above,

densely puberulent beneath, 6-10 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide; petioles 3-4 mm.

long ; flowers racemose or corymbose; pedicels ascending, 13-3 cm. long ; calyx

lobes lanceolate, acuminate, 7-8 mm. long, puberulent; corolla ampliate,

about 4 cm. long, the limb longer than the tube; follicles ovoid, 3 cm. long,

about 14 cm. thick ; seeds flat, 1} cm. long, 1 cm. wide, 2-pointed.

Gran Chaco, near Asuncion (381). Nearest to 7. cunezfolia,

D.C., of Mexico. January-February. = Balansa 1356.

A shrub not so tall as 642, but with flowers much like that. The

stigma is large, umbella-shaped, looking to me like an open parasol

under the anthers. I did not see it in cultivation.

Aspidosperma Quebracho-blanco, Schiecht., Bot. Zeit., xix, 136.

Pilcomayo River (900).

This is a large tree with hard white wood and light-colored bark,

much valued as timber. It has small elliptical, coriaceous, shining

leaves, tipped with a weak spine. It is abundant in Paraguay, but

I was unable to obtain it in flower or fruit. It is popularly known

as Quebracho blanco.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 4)

Vinca rosea, L., Sp. Pl., Ed. 2, 305.

Asuncion (802).

Frequently cultivated in flower gardens at Asuncion, and often

escaping upon the roadsides. A shrub 6-15 dm. high, with a showy

rose-colored flower, blossoming all the year round.

Tabernzemontana australis, Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras., vi, pt.

1, 84. Ex descr.

Trinidad (273). December_January. = Balansa 1358.

A small tree 6-8 m. in height, very interesting on many accounts.

It has a milky juice, and smooth, light-colored bark Flowers rather

small, as white as snow, fragrant, the tube of the corolla of a yel-

lowish tint, 5-angled, bulging outwardly near the centre, the snowy

lobes large, rounded at apex, oblique at base, and curving around

each other convolutely from left to right like a boy’s paper wind-

mill. Ovary of 2 closely united carpels, forming in fruit 2 follicles,

firmly attached at the base. Follicles large, very milky when young,

one-celled, with a thick rind which is rough on the outside with

knobby protuberances. Seeds when young with an egg-shaped,

pellucid, striped body on one side, and a crumpled body looking

like the meat of an English walnut on the other side. In fruit the

follicles dehisce laterally in 2 valves, spreading wide open, the

erumpled body spoken of above becoming a red aril, which finally

drops off, leaving in the shell many dark seeds which resemble the

coffee berry in appearance. The people show their appreciation of

this handsome tree by planting it in their flower-gardens. The

Guarani name is Curupicay. ‘The viscous, milky juice is said to

yield caoutchoue, and is used as a bird lime. The wood is light

and sometimes employed as a substitute for cork. Parodi states

that the juice is used by quacks on wounds and as a remedy for

snake-bites. He thinks that it may serve as a substitute for

Aconite and Rhus Toxicodendron, and is good as a corrosive for

warts.

Forsteronia Brasiliemsis, A. D.C., Prod., viii, 436.

Asuncion (712); Pileomayo River (1525). February—May.

= Balansa 1369.

A liana climbing without tendrils over bushes and trees, the main

trunk somewhat spiny, the branches long and withe-like. Flowers

small, light yellow, in terminal spikes. Follicles twin, united at

160 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

base, divaricate, cylindrical, 10-20 em. long, moniliform, 2-5 in a

cluster. Seeds far apart, 8-15 in a follicle, elliptical, about 1 cm.

in length, striate, with a beautiful, tawny silky plume of hairs at

the summit, which spreads wide open when loosened. Juice not

milky. Found in Central Paraguay, and far up on the Pileomayo.

Forsteronia pubescens, A. D.C., 1. c.

Asuncion (810). October. —

Differs from no. 712 in having the young branches and leaves

fuscous-pubescent, larger leaves (the largest 9 cm. long, 34 em.

broad), longer petioles (10 or 12 mm.), and very fragrant white

flowers in terminal compound spikes 6-10 em. long.

Echites trifida, Jacq., Hist. Stirp. Amer., 31, t. 24.

Near Asuncion (380); Pilcomayo River (895). January.

= Balansa 1372.

A liana similar in general appearance to no. 712, but with very

different flowers and follicles. Corolla light purple, 2 em. high,

with 5 broad lobes, which lap over each other dextrorsely and curl

downwards. Follicles cylindrical, not moniliform, tapering to a

long sharp point, 25 cm. in length. Juice milky. Seeds clothed with

very long, tawny, plumose hairs. Twining over shrubs 25-3 m.

Macrosiphonia longiflora (Desf.), Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras.,

vi, pt. J) 140°. Baxideser.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (420). January.

Macrosiphonia verticillata, Muell. Arg., 1. ¢.,141. Ex deser.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (420a). January.

These two species of Macrosiphonia grow on the open campo

near Escoba, and are very peculiar and beautiful. Stems 20-30 cm..

high. Flowers large, purple, solitary, on long terminal peduncles.

The leaves in no. 420 ovate and opposite, in 420 a linear and verti-

cillate, green above and white woolly beneath. Fruit long, some-

what moniliform follicles. Seeds covered with long, tawny, plumose

hairs, which spread wide open when loosened. Tube of flowers

campanulate, lobes several, very broad and spreading, with a

crimped border. The dried specimens give a very poor appearance

of the flower when fresh. |

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 161

ASCLEPIADE.

Araujia grandiflora (Mart. et Zucc.), Morong.

Schubertia grandiflora, Mart. et Zucc., Nov. Gen., i, 57.

Asuncion (654); Pilcomayo River (654a). January—April.

= Balansa 1338, and Martius’ Herb. Flor. Bras., 279.

_ A beautiful vine climbing over trees and shrubs 10 m. or more.

Stem beset with tawny bristles, and that and the leaves discharg- |

ing a copious milky secretion when wounded. Flowers in large

clusters, the corolla white, showy, and fragrant, 4 cm. in length.

Fruit a very large and heavy follicle 10-15 cm. in length, and

covered with spiny protuberances.

Araufiia sericifera, Brot., Trans. Lin. Soc., xii, 62.

Asuncion (777). May. = Balansa 1332.

Differs much from 654, though climbing and copiously milky like

that. Whole vine, except the upper surface of the leaves, hoary

with close white down. Flowers small, white, not conspicuous.

Follicles as large as those of 654, but smooth and hoary white.

Araujia Stormiana, Morong, n. sp.

Climbing high upon trees. Stems terete, strong, canescent. Leaves oppo-

-site, very green and glabrous above, white tomentose beneath, lhastate, the

lobes obtuse, or sometimes merely dilated at the base, oblong-lanceolate above,

the largest 16 cm. long, 6 cm. broad across the basal lobes, 24 cm. broad at

the middle; petioles 13-2} cm. long. Calyx lobes green, pubescent, oblong,

obtuse, erect, about half as long as the corolla. Corolla 5-7 mm. high, 5-lobed,

the lobes greenish-yellow, glabrous above, a little pubescent below, spreading

rotately in anthesis, 5 mm. long. Corona 5-lobed, the lobes 2-toothed, the

teeth projecting against the gynostegium, hairy at the base inside and usually

filled with a honey secretion. Apex of the stigma 2-horned. Fruit not seen.

The flowers are in axillary clusters on slender pedicels 5-8 mm. long.

This plant occurs with no. 1043 near the Pilcomayo Falls (1044).

May. Named in honor of Prof. O. J. Storm, who commanded our

Pilcomayo expedition.

Gothofreda oblongifolia, Morong, n. sp.

Stem not climbing, erect, white pubescent. Leaves opposite, oblong, rounded

at base or semi-cordate, abruptly acute or cuspidate at the apex, pubescent on

both sides, midrib prominent beneath, the blades 3-5 cm. long, 1-24 cm. wide,

on petioles 2-7 mm. long. Flowers on axillary peduncles 2-34 cm. long, 8-12

in the umbel; pedicels pubescent, 4-7 mm. long. Calyx very deeply 5-parted,

Annals N. Y. Acap. Sc1., VII, Feb. 1893.—11

162 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

the lobes erect, linear, acute, pubescent, not quite as long as the tube of the

corolla, 1 or 2 glandular in each axil. Corolla about 7 mm. high, greenish,

pubescent, the lobes ovate-lanceolate, pubescent. at the junction with the

stamineal crown inside, at length reflexed. Segments of the crown connate

with the throat and the gynostegium, light purple on the back and almost

violet-tinted on the face, 2 as long as the corolla lobes. Caudicle not dilated,

the teeth erect and very short. Apex of the stigma entire, longer than the

corolla lobes. Fruit not seen.

A half shrubby plant, 4-6 dm. high, with milky juice, growing

in waste grounds at Asuncion (110). November.

Gothofreda eriantha (Dcsne.), Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl., 420.

Oxrypetalum erianthum, Desne., D.C., Prod., viii, 584.

Asuncion (655). April. = Balansa 1335.

Clambering over low bushes in thickets, and producing a great

number of intertwisting branches. Flowers small, white, fragrant,

in axillary clusters. Tube of corolla short, lobes long, linear,

spreading. Stigma produced into 2 long, strap-shaped appendages.

Stem, leaves, pedicels, calyx, and corolla all densely villous or

woolly. Fruit a large conical, smoothish follicle. This plant, like

many other Asclepiadaceous species, is an insect-catcher. On one

occasion I found a large moth completely imprisoned by a flower,

and struggling desperately to get loose, but in vain. It had thrust

its proboscis into the corolla in search of nectar and was unable to

withdraw it, although a powerful insect—in fact, as large as one of

the smaller humming-birds, and for that reason called the humming~-

bird moth. |

Gothofreda gracilis, Morong, n. sp.

A slender vine climbing over bushes and shrubs. All the parts except the

petals grayish tomentose. Leaves opposite, cordate, acuminate, 15-4 cm.

long, 6 mm. to 2 cm. wide, on petioles 3-15 mm. long. Flowers greenish-

white, axillary, in 2s, on peduncles 5 or 6 mm. long; pedicels 8-15 mm. long.

Sepals 5, green, erect, subulate, with 1 or more glands in each axil, about 4

mm. long ; corolla so deeply lobed as to appear of 5 separate petals, the lobes

erect, oblong, obtuse at the apex, 10 or 12 mm. long, 2-3 mm. in breadth,

glabrous on both sides. Scales of the crown barely adnate at the base with

the corolla lobes, 5 or 6 mm. long, bifid half-way up, the divisions beautifully

fringed. Caudicles scarcely dilated, slightly gibbous; the gland oval, very

short. Gynostegium truncate, with 5 bluntish lobes at the top. This vine is

much branched, twining densely upon itself. Fruit not seen.

Occurring at El Obraje de Pedro Gill on the Pileomayo River

(866). January.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 163

Asclepias campestris, Desne., 1. c., 566.

Luque (333). December.

The petals of this species are greenish in the centre and white on

the margins, thrice as long as the sepals, reflexed. Corona purplish

in tint. Leaves entire, opposite, glabrous, elliptical, 6-8 cm. long,

Y-3 em. wide, nearly or quite sessile. Flowers 20 or more in the

umbel. Fruit not seen.

Asclepias Curassavica, L., Sp. Pl., 215.

Asuncion (47). November.

A beautiful species, reminding one of our A. tuberosa, which it

much resembles in the color of its flowers. Common in copses

around Asuncion. Flowers in small umbels, petals red and the

hoods and gynostegium bright orange. It flowers nearly the whole

season from November to April. Fruit a follicle much like that of

A. incarnata.

Asclepias mellodora, St. Hil., Pl. Rem. Brés., 227.

Caballero (603). January.

A low species with white flowers in large umbels. On the rail-

road track at Caballero and on the campo in the vicinity. The

leaves are numerous, lanceolate, opposite, entire, slightly pubes-

cent, acuminate, rounded at base, 10-12 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide,

nearly or quite sessile. Umbels numerous and very conspicuous

when in flower. Follicles very similar to those of no. 47.

Ditassa humilis, Morong, n. sp.

Many-branched from the base, suffruticose, from thick, ligneous roots.

Stems very slender, 8-15 cm. high, grayish pubescent. Leaves opposite,

entire, ovate, acute or acuminate and mucronate at the apex, truncate or

more or less cordate at base, sparsely hispid on either side, hispid ciliate and

more or less recurved on the margins, the pairs decussate, slightly overlapping

each other, 6-15 mm. long, 3-5 mm. wide; petioles about 2mm. long. Flowers

white, 4 or 5 mm. high, in small umbels, 2-4 in the umbel, axillary or supra-

axillary; peduncles 2-5 mm. long; pedicels 5 or 6mm. long. Sepals subu-

late, somewhat longer than the tube of the corolla, hispid. . Corolla deeply

5-parted, the lobes lanceolate, acuminate, 3 or 4 mm. long, hispid outside,

glabrous within. Scales of the corona much longer than the gynostegium,

muticous, the inner and outer ones about the same length. Apex of the

stigma protuberant. The sepals are more or less but ‘not conspicuously

glandular in the axils. Pollinia as long as the glands; caudicles minute.

Sepals and corolla lobes erect. '

164 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

This little plant occurs on the Gran Campo among grass.

Near Luque (836). December. = Balansa 1375.

Morrenia odorata, Lind., Bot. Reg., t., 1838.

Asuncion (134); Pileomayo River (1043). November—May.

= Mandon, Bolivia, 355, and Balansa 1341.

A noble vine climbing over shrubs and trees, found in thickets

throughout the country. Flowers white, very fragrant Inside of

the corolla is an erect 5-lobed corona, the truncate lobes 2-toothed,

projecting in a flap over the gynostegium. Stem and leaves canes-

cent, copiously milky. Leaves opposite, cordate or hastate, abruptly

curving into a long acute point, the largest 10 cm. in length. Fruit

an immense ovate follicle, sometimes 10 cm. long and 7 cm. broad

at the base. Seeds black, somewhat angled and tuberculate, linear,

6 mm. long, surmounted by a soft white silky coma 4—5 cm. long.

This plant is often cultivated in gardens at Asuncion, and the

abundant coma is used for making pillows, for which purpose it is

well fitted, as it is as soft as eider down.

Roulinia Fluminensis, Desne., 1. c., 517.

Asuncion (183); Pileomayo River (1037). November—May.

Stem glabrous below, pubescent above and on the inflorescence.

Leaves deeply cordate, ovate, abruptly acute, glabrous, 5-7 cm.

long, 3-5 em. broad. Flowers in axillary clusters, 8-20 in the

cluster; pedicels 1-14 cm. long. Sepals erect, greenish in the

middle, white on the edges, obtuse, not balf as long as the corolla.

Corolla lobes pointed, white without, dark purple or with purple

lines in the middle of the interior and yellowish on the margins, 6

or 7mm. long. Corona of 5 scales, inflexed at the top in a spoon-

like projection. Stigma truncate. Fruit a smooth ovate pod 6-8

em. long, 3-4 cm. broad at the base. This plant on the Pilcomayo

was growing in the water of the great laguna, twining about shrubs

that rose above the surface. At Asuncion it was in thickets.

Probably the laguna was an overflow of water, though we did not

remain there long enough to determine that.

Sarcostemma Bonariense, H. and A., Jour. Bot., 1834, p. 296.

Asuncion (681). April. = Balansa 136; collected also by Gibert.

Stems climbing over high bushes and trees, glabrous except on

the young shoots. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute and mucronate

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 165

at the apex, pubescent when young, becoming glabrate, the largest

6 cm. long by 2 cm. wide. Flowers creamy white, in umbellate

clusters, 6-20 in the umbel, on peduncles as long as or longer than

the leaves. Pedicels 14-2 cm. long. Peduncles, pedicels, calyx, and

corolla sericeous-pubescent. Corolla lobes ovate, obtuse, ciliate, 5

or 6mm. long. Inner scales of the crown as high as the gynoste-

gium, the exterior ones nearly entire. Stigma apiculate, the apex

shortly bifid. Fruit a large ovate follicle, 6-8 cm. long, sometimes

2, united at the base. The flowers are very fragrant, and much

frequented by wasps and other insects.

Sarcostemma bifidum, Fourn. in Mart. Fl. Bras., vi, pt. 4, 235. Ex

descr.

Pilecomayo River (1526). January.

Climbing high Stems mostly glabrous, the young shoots pubes-

cent. Leaves oval, narrowed and rounded at the base, or the lowest

cordate, obtuse, and strongly mucronate at the apex, glabrous above,

more or less pubescent below, 4-5 cm. long, 1-24 cm. broad; petioles

silky pubescent, 3-6 mm. long. Internodes 6-12cm.long. Flowers

white, in axillary umbels. Peduncles robust, 8-10 cm. long, 10-20

flowered. Pedicels about 2 cm. long, pubescent. Calyx and corolla

silky pubescent, lobes of the former ovate, obtuse, surpassing the

corolla tube, of the latter ovate, 5 or 6 mm. long and woolly ciliate

as well as pubescent. Inner scales of the crown surpassing the

gynostegium, the outer a mere border nearly entire or sinuous.

Stigma conoidal, with a short bifid beak. Fruit a large ovate fol-

licle like that of no. 681.

Sarcostemma carpophylloides, Morong, n. sp.

A very slender vine twining 2-5 m. or more over shrubs. Stems striate,

very glabrous, much branched, the main stem below squarish, often brownish

in color. Leaves delicate, opposite, glabrous, linear-lanceolate, acuminate,

entire, 4-6 cm. long, 2-5 mm. wide, sloping acuminately into a capillary,

channelled petiole 3-5 mm. long. Internodes 5-10 cm. long. Flowers white,

few, in small axillary clusters, 2-4 in a cluster, 3 or 4mm. high, and 5 mm.

in diameter when expanded. Peduncles not over 10 mm. long. Calyx deeply

5-parted, greenish-yellow, the lobes obtuse, pubescent without, minutely

glandular in the axils, 1-15 mm. long. Corolla deeply 5 parted, lobes erect,

oblong, obtuse, slightly pubescent at the base within, about 3 mm. long.

Scales of the corona pure white, adnate to the gynostegium, the inner cylin-

drical, higher than the gynostegium, the outer much smaller, 10 cuneate-lobed.

Stigma truncate or slightly conoidal. Follicles very slender, silky downy,

166 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

acuminately pointed at the apex, 3-6 cm. long, easily mistaken for leaves.

Seeds flat, wing-margined, oblong, narrowing towards the base, papillose, 5

or 6 mm. long; coma white, plumose, 2-3 em. long.

Pileomayo Falls, Pileomayo River (1004). April.

Exolobus patens, Four. in Mart. Fl. Bras., vi, pt. 4, 318, t. 94. Ex

descr.

Pilcomayo River (1051). June.

A branching liana, in deep woods, running 10 or 12 m. over large

trees, the stem 10-20 mm. in diameter. Flowers olivaceous in

color, rotate, 24 cm. in diameter when expanded ; petals acuminate,

and 3 or 4 times as long as the ciliate sepals. The stigma is sur-

mounted by a beautiful 5-pointed star. Follicle ovate, glabrous,

10-12 cm long, 6—8 cm. in diameter at the base, ridged by 4 sharp

longitudinal wings, with a partial, broader wing between two of the

others, the edges of all of them revolute. Seeds flat, obcuneate,

7 mm. long, with thick winged margins, the attached plume very

long and silky.

LOGANIACEA.

Spigelia Humboldtiana, C. and &., Linnea, 1833, p. 200.

Pilcomayo River (966). March.

A low plant occurring in deep woods. The corolla is white, the

flowers in terminal spikes 3-5 cm. long, two spikes together. Leaves

verticillate, in 4s, the lowest smaller and opposite.

Buddleia tubiflora, Benth. in D.C. Prod., x, 433.

La Plata, Arg. Republic, and Asuncion (33). = Balansa 1018.

Buddleia Brasiliensis, Jacq. ex Spreng., System., i, 430.

Pilcomayo River (1527). = Balansa 1019.

This differs from the species common around Asuncion (B. tubi-

flora) in having the leaves more or less petioled, much smaller and

axillary cymes, and a much smaller corolla. Both have handsome ~

orange-colored flowers. B. tubiflora is used medicinally as an

emollient by the Paraguayans. They flower from October to May,

and sometimes grow to a height of 2 or 3 m.

ae ail

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 167

GENTIANEZ.

Limnanthemum Humboldtianum, Griseb., Gent., 347.

Near Asuncion (713).

A beautiful aquatic, common in pools northeast of Asuncion,

flowering from January to May. Leaves almost as large as those

of Castalia odorata, and often 2 or 3. Corolla white, beautifully

fringed on the margins of the lobes, yellow inside below the lobes.

Anthers black on the back and edges of the cells. Stigma large

with 2 erect, crimped lobes. Ovary large, pointed, violet-colored.

HYDROPHYLLACES.

Hydrolea spinosa, L., Sp. Pl., Ed. 2, 328.

Asuncion (228). December—January.

A coarse herb 6-9 dm. high, with many of the short lower

branches ending in a sharp thorn. Flowers a bright blue. The

whole plant covered with unequal glandular hairs, which adhere

strongly to the drying-paper. Occurs in wet grounds.

BORAGINE.

Cordia glabrata, A. D.C. Prod., ix, 473.

Asuncion (792). October.

A tree 8-13 m. high, with smooth bark, looking something like a

poplar. Leaves large, round-ovate, thick, glabrous, shining above,

lighter-colored beneath. Flowers a light purple, showy, in terminal

corymbs. |

Cordia hermannizfolia, Cham., Linnza, 1829, p. 484.

Asuncion (156); Pilcomayo River (987). November—April.

Very different from the preceding species. A straggling, rough

hairy shrub 15-24 dm. high. Leaves alternate, ovate or ovate-

lanceolate, serrate, lighter colored above, hispid on both sides, acute,

46 em. long, 24 cm. broad, on short petioles. Flowers glomerate

in small cymes; corolla very small, obscurely 5-lobed, yellowish-

white, veined with a delicate lilac outside. Calyx hispid. Fruit

oval, about 5 mm. long, when fully ripe turning red, and the 2 cells

hardening into an apparently single seed.

168 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Tournefortia psilostachya, H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp., iii, 78.

Pileomayo River (1041). May. = Balansa 2045.

A shrub about 12 dm. high, with long virgate branches rising

from near the base. Flowers in panicled secund spikes, small,

greenish-yellow. Drupes yellow when ripe.

Tournefortia Salzmanni, D.C., Prod., ix, 524.

Asuncion (800). October.

Similar in inflorescence to no. 1041, but this has 2 rows of secund

spikes on the branches of the panicle, while that has only one row.

A twining shrub, climbing 2-3 m. upon trees, with a velvety ful-

vous tomentum on the leaves beneath, white pubescent above. Stem

also fulvous-tomentose. In thickets.

Heliotropium Curassavicum, L., Sp. Pl., 130.

Asuncion (790); Pileomayo River (1058). October—J une.

This Heliotropium with scirpoid racemes of bluish-white flowers

sprang up abundantly on the muddy flats of the Paraguay after

the subsidence of a freshet, and also occurred on the borders of a

saline pool on the banks of the Pilcomayo known as Laguna de las

Palmas.

Heliotropium Indicum, L., Sp. Pl., 130.

Asuncion (56). November—January.

This plant occurs abundantly in the streets and waste grounds of

the city, becoming an unsightly weed.

Heliotropium leiocarpum, Morong, n. sp.

Suffruticose, 3-6 dm. high. Stems glandular, fuscons-tomentose, much

branched. Leaves opposite, subopposite or occasionally alternate, more or

less glandular downy and pubescent or sometimes strigose on both sides,

ovate, entire, or somewhat crenate or wavy on the margins, obtuse at the

apex, rounded or subcordate at the base; blades 3-10 cm. long, 13-5 ecm.

wide; petioles 3-5 cm. long. Flowering racemes 3 or 4 together, 3-7 cm.

long. Calyx deeply 5-lobed, the lobes subulate, glandular hairy, half as long

as the corolla. Corolla bright blue, with a yellow eye at the base inside, very

hairy in the throat, the tube spreading into a 5 crimped-lobed border, 5 or 6

mm. high. Fruit depressed globose, smooth, glabrous, about 3 mm. long and

a little wider, slightly longer than the persistent sepals, deeply furrowed on

2 sides, the lobes not divaricate or toothed at the top, splitting into 2 carpels,

each 1-seeded.

}

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 169

This plant is more robust, with much more showy flowers than

no. 56, and is common in waste grounds and copses about Asuncion

(634 and 786). April-August. — Balansa 2037 and 2039. These

were distributed as H. Indicum, L.

Heliotropium inundatum, Sw., Flor. Ind. Oce., i, 343.

Asuncion (77); Gran Chaco (77a). November—January.

Heliotropium persicarizfolium (D.C.), Britton.

Heliophytum persicaricefolium, D.C., Prod., ix, 556.

Caballero (409); Asuncion (754). January—June.

This shrub sometimes attains a height of 2 m. Flowers small,

white, in elongated bifid spikes. In open grounds, roadsides near

San Lorenzo and Caballero.

Heliotropium fruticosum, L., Sp. Pl., Ed. 2,187. Ex deser.

Pilcomayo River (1528). January. = Balansa 2035.

Fruticose. Stems slender, branching, appressed-hispid. Flower-

ing branches opposite, 15-25 cm. long, covered with small bracts for

their whole length. Spikes at their summit, short, solitary, more

or less scirpoid. Flowers comparatively large, white Calyx lobes

unequal, oblong-lanceolate, about equal to the tube of the corolla,

pubescent. Fruit pubescent, without a beak, splitting into 4 nut-

lets, each of which has a large pit on its face.

CONVOLVULACE.

Ipomeea acuminata (Vahl.), R. and §., Syst., iv, 228.

Asuncion (699).

A very pretty species, with slender stems and lilac flowers, twin-

ing over bushes and small shrubs. Common in Paraguay, and

blossoming from November to May.

Ipomoea argyreia (Chois.), Meisn. in Mart. Fl. Bras., vii, 246.

Caballero (583 and 583 a). January.

One of the shrubby Ipomeeas, of which several species occur in

the country. This grows on the railroad track near Caballero, and

is from 9 to 12 dm. in height. Leaves alternate, entire, oblong,

obtuse or acute, mucronate. . Corolla large, rose-colored.

170 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Ipomoea Assumptionis, Britton, n. sp.

Section Strophipomea. Pubescent, twining, 1-2 m. long, stems terete;

leaves slender-petioled, thick, hastate, entire-margined, obtuse and mucronu-

late at the apex, 6-9 cm. long, the basal lobes spreading or reflexed ; pedun-

cles shorter than the petioles, axillary, 1-2-flowered ; flowers purple, 2 bracted,

the bracts ovate, aristate; pedicels 5-15 mm. long, slender, bracted at the

base; corolla purple, 3-4 cm. broad, tubular-funnel-form, the limb nearly 2

cm. broad; calyx-lobes aristate.

Gran Chaco, near Asuncion (584). = Balansa 1060. January—

February.

Ipomoea amnicola, Morong, n. sp.

Stem slender, terete, striate, glabrous, twining. Leaves glabrous, entire,

cordate-ovate, the sinus large, basal lobes rounded and sometimes divaricate,

running to a bluntly acuminate, mucronate apex, the largest blades 7 cm.

long, 53 em. broad; petioles 3-6 cm. long. Peduncles about 2 cm. long,

usually bearing 3 flowers on pedicels 1-13 cm. long, both peduncles and pedi-

cels thick. Flowers funnel-form. Calyx of 5 rounded, entire, nearly or quite

equal, coriaceous, mucronate sepals, their edges becoming membranaceous, 4

or 5 mm.long. Corolla lilac, with purplish stripes outside and a deep purple

interior base, obscurely 5-lobed, 2-24 cm. long, about as broad across the

mouth when expanded. Stamens and styleincluded. Pod conical, 8-11 mm.

long, about half as broad, 2-celled, usually containing 2 fuscous-pubescent

seeds.

This species resembles J. coccinea, L., but differs decidedly in the

shape and lack of horns on the sepals, the color and shape of the

corolla, inclusion of the stamens and styles, as well as in other

characters. Growing in thickets and hanging over the banks of

the Pilcomayo, usually running over bushes (974). Mareh—April.

Ipomecea Batatas (L.), Lam. Encye., vi, 14?

Asuncion (103). November.

Ipomoea Bona-nox, L., Sp. Pl., Ed. 2, 228.

Asuncion (269). December—A pril.

Ipomeea fistulosa, Mart.; Chois. in D.C., Prod., ix, 349.

Asuncion (80). November—March. :

A stout shrub, growing on the lowlands on the banks of the

Paraguay at Asuncion, 15-24 dm. in height. Many stems spring

from the same root. Wood soft, with a large pith, and secreting a

scanty milky juice. Flowers terminal, solitary or in small clusters.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 171

Corolla very large and showy, a light purple or rose color -with-

out, and darker within. Capsules large, ovate, the 4 valves thick,

brownish, opening wide in dehiscence, and containing 2-4 3-sided

seeds, which are thickly clothed with a long fuscous wool.

Ipomeea Martinicensis (Jacq.), Mey. Esseq., 98.

Gran Chaco, near Asuncion (362). December-January.

Procumbent or twining, with white flowers but little over 2 cm.

long. It reminded me at the time of collection of our Convolvulus

arvensis. The leaves, however, are elliptical instead of being sagit-

tate.

Ipomoea Moronsgii, Britton, n. sp.

Erect or ascending, minutely puberulent at least above, 0.5 m. or more long.

Stems angled; leaves petioled, the lower large, sometimes 2 dm. long and

nearly as broad, 3-lobed to the middle or beyond, the lobes lanceolate, acute

or acuminate, entire or very nearly so, mucronulate; upper leaves ovate,

entire or lobed; flowers corymbose, numerous; ultimate pedicels short ; calyx-

lobes ovate, obtusish, 4-6 mm. long; corolla funnel-form (blue ?), abruptly

narrowed within the calyx, 6-7 cm. long, 4-5 cm. broad at the summit.

Luque (303). Perhaps the Mio-Mio, of Parodi, Contrib. Fl. Par.,

enh

One of the shrubby Ipomeas, growing 9-12 dm. in height, vary-

ing much in different localities. The flowers are large, rose-tinted,

purple at the base within; the tube covered with white, appressed

hairs. The corolla is sometimes 8 cm. in length, and nearly as

much in diameter when expanded. It occurs in open grounds at

Asuncion and near the railroad track at Luque, flowering from

December to May. |

Ipomeea trichocarpa, Ell., Bot. S. Car. and Georgia, i, 258.

I. commutata, R. and §., Syst., iv, 228.

Asuncion (253). December.

Ipomeea tuberculata (Desr.), R. and &., 1. ¢., 208.

Asuncion (237). == Balansa 1059.

Taken altogether the handsomest Morning-glory of the country.

It grows everywhere in the woods, climbing over trees 10 m. or

more in height, and hanging out a rich profusion of lovely flowers,

which open at sunrise and continue open for half the day. The

leaves are palmately 5-lobed, the 2 lower lobes divided, very gla-

172 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

brous and of a dark glossy green, on long petioles. Corolla 5—7 em.

long, funnel-form, a light bluish-purple without, and a deep, dark

purple at the base within. Capsule depressed-globose, 2-celled,

4-seeded; seeds black, trigonous, puberulent, the hilum marked

with a deep scar. Specific name from the stem, which is white and

warty. Blossoms from December to May.

Ipomoea umbellata (L.), Meyer, 1. c., 99.

Asuncion (649). April.

Procumbent or twining over bushes, the stem purplish or dark

green, covered with a close stiff down. Juice milky. Leaves

cordate-sagittate, large, downy. Flowers a light yellow, umbel-

late, 20 or more in an umbel, on peduncles 8-15 em. long. Corolla

trumpet-shaped, with scarcely any lobes, about 3 cm. long. Cap-

sules globular, 7 or 8 mm. high, 4-seeded; seeds fuscous with

minute pubescence on the surface and silky pubescence on the

angles.

Jacquemontia Blianchetii, Moric., Pl. Nouv. Amer., 41, t. 27.

Asuncion (638 and 687). April-May.

Twining over herbs and shrubs, with pretty little, bright blue,

campanulate flowers, in umbels of 5-20, on long peduncles. Com-

mon in thickets.

Jacquemontia Paraguayensis, Britton, n. sp.

Erect, branching, at least 0.5 m. high, densely and finely brownish-pubes-

cent throughout. Stems and branches terete; leaves short-petioled, oblong,

obtuse and mucronate at the apex, obtuse or rounded at the base, entire, 3-4

cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. wide; peduncles axillary, shorter than the leaves, umbel-

lately 2-5 flowered ; pedicels 3-5 mm. long; calyx-lobes all alike, ovate-

oblong, acute, about as long as the pedicels; corolla white, narrowly funnel-

form or nearly tubular, 10-12 mm. loug; capsule ovoid, glabrous, shorter

than the calyx.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (594). January.

Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.), Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind., 474.

Asuncion (679). April.

Trailing on the ground for several metres in old cultivated fields.

Stem pilose with long, appressed white hairs. Flowers in dense,

fuscous-woolly heads, on peduncles 8-12 cm. long. Sepals 5,

clothed with long hairs, nearly equalling the corolla. Corolla tubu-

lar, light blue, white-blotched, slightly projected beyond the calyx.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 173

Evolvulus sericeus, Sw., Prod. Flor. Ind. Oce., 55.

Luque (340). October—January.

A little herb spreading flat on the ground for some 10 ecm. or

more, branching numerously from the base. Flowers small, in

leafy racemes or scattered along the stem, bright white, the corolla

spreading wide open, and looking as much like a pearl shirt button

as anything to which I could liken it. Common in the hard soil of

the railroad track near Luque. |

Evolvulus mucronatus, Sw. ex Wickstr., Guadal., 62.

Pileomayo River (1020). May.

A small creeping plant, with terete, hairy, branching stem, grow-

ing among undershrubs on the borders of the campo at the Falls of

the Pileomayo. Leaves sparse, alternate, simple, entire, elliptical,

- mucronulate, 2-24 cm. long, on petioles 3 or 4 mm. long. Flowers

small, solitary, axillary, on pedicels 8 mm. to 24 cm. long, jointed

about half-way up, with 2 small bracts at the juint. Sepals 5, oval,

ereen, ciliate, about half the length of the corolla. Corolla white,

campanulate, with 5 broad lobes of very delicate texture, 7 mm.

high. This plant is so hidden by the shrubbery that it is easily

overlooked.

Cuscuta trichostyla, Engelm., Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., i, 495.

Asuncion (259). November—December. |

The only Cuscuta that I found in Paraguay. This was growing

upon Solidago polyglossa. Flowers small, white, crowded in small,

glomerated cymes. The capsule which Dr. Engelman did not see

is yellow, the crust thin, depressed-globose, 5 mm. wide, 3 mm. high,

not half covered by the persistent sepals, with a central aperture 1

mm. in diameter; seeds about 2 mm. long, minutely downy, flat-

tened or obscurely 3-angled.

SOLANACEA.

Solanum aridum, Morong, n. sp.

Stem shrubby, terete, 3 dm. to 1 m. in height, sparsely branched, armed

with straight acicular prickles, or sometimes unarmed or armed only at the

base, glabrous below and stellately downy at the summit, usually leafiess

below. Leaves simple, alternate, oblong or ovate, obtuse, entire or with large

teeth or occasionally lobed, pubescent, green above and white hoary below,

most of the pubescence stellate; blade 3-5 cm. long and 1-2 cm. broad ;

petioles pubescent, 5-10 mm. long. Flowers solitary, axillary, on pedicels

174 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

about 14 cm. long, thickening and elongating to 4 cm. in fruit. Calyx stell-

ately pubescent, 2 as long as corolla, the lobes nearly subulate, much longer

than the tube. Corolla sulphur-yellow, plicate, deeply cleft, pubescent out-

side, 2 cm. in diameter when expanded. Calyx and corolla usually 5-lobed,

occasionally 4-lobed. Filaments very short; anthers nearly 1 cm. long, the

pores minute, looking upwards. Stigma green, capitate. Ovary 2-celled.

Fruit very large, glabrous, yellow, 2-celled, globular, 13-3 cm. in diameter.

The plant grows in dry or rocky places on the campo, and has a

parched, dried appearance.

Falls of the Pilcomayo (1007). April-May.

Solanum atropurpureum, Schrank, Syll. Pl. Nov., 200.

Pilcomayo River (871). January.

Stem shrubby, erect, beset with long, white or yellowish down-

wardly pointed spines. Leaves large, green, deeply 5-7 lobed.

Flowers small, yellowish-white. Berry blotched white and green,

8—10 em. in diameter.

Solanum boerhaavizfolium, Sendtn. in Mart. Fl. Bras., xiii, pt.

1, 48.

Between Pirayu and Jaguaron (34). April.

Stem shrubby, without spines, climbing on trees 3-5 m., very

leafy. Flowers in cymes on capillary peduncles, white or very light

blue. Berries black, about the size of those of S. nigrum.

Solanum Brittonianum, Morong, n. sp.

A shrubby, unarmed, glabrous plant. Stem erect below, twining at the top

over the limbs of shrubs, 6-8 feet high, strongly flattened, angled. Leaves

lanceolate, glabrous, entire, acute or somewhat obtuse, 5-10 cm. long and 4—2

cm. broad, sloping at base into a petiole 5-20 mm. in length. Flowers in

large, terminal, laxly panicled cymes. Calyx one-third the length of the

corolla, the lobes ovate or rounded, somewhat mucronulate, shorter than the

tube. Corolla lobes much shorter than the tube, ovate, puberulent on the

outside. Filaments somewhat flattened, scarcely 1 mm. long; anthers 6-8

mm. long, the terminal pores introrse, oblique. Style included; stigmas

shortly clavate, entire or sometimes 2-lobed.

Banks of the Pilcomayo (1531). January.

Solanum Caavurana, Vell., Fl. Flum,, ii, t. 112.

Pilcomayo River (870). January.

Shrubby, erect, thornless, branching, about 6 dm. high. Leaves

large, ovate-lanceolate, twin, on short petioles. Flowers small,

white. Berries as large as peas, smooth, greenish.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 175

Solanum Capsicastrum, Link., Cat. Hort. Berol.

Asuncion (617); Pilcomayo River (1529). == Balansa 2097.

January—March.

A low shrub, 3-6 dm. high, with rough, straggling stems.

Flowers white, not over 5 mm. in diameter when expanded.

Stem, petioles, and leaves covered with a close, white, glandular,

stellate pubescence. Fruit solitary along the stem, or in small

clusters, a smooth red berry somewhat larger than a pea. Com-

mon in thickets throughout Central Paraguay.

Solanum granuloso-leprosum, Dunal., D.C., Prod., xiii, pt.1, 115.

Asuncion (139). November—January.

A tall thornless shrub, thick-stemmed, ccvered in all its parts

with a hoary, scurfy, stellate pubescence. Leaves numerous, large,

ovate-lanceolate, on long petioles, rough with stellate pubescence

above, whitish beneath. Stipules very large, round or oval, on

short stalks. Flowers in clusters, blue, on long peduncles. Berries

globose, about as large as a pea. This is a very conspicuous plant

on the borders of woodlands. ‘The dense whitish stellate tomentum

has a granular and scaly look, and hence the specific name.

Solanum Handelianum, Morong.

S. angustifolium, Lam., Illus. no. 2343, not Miller.

Asuncion (818). October-November.

Here named for Prof. Pablo Handel, of the Collegio Nacional at

Asuncion, who frequently accompanied the writer in his botanical

excursions in Paraguay, and by his knowledge of the country and

the languages of the people, and his friendly assistance, contributed

much towards the collection.

A shrubby plant, strict and erect below, twining on the limbs

of shrubs above, 2-3 m. in height. Stem very smooth, strongly

d-angled. Leaves few, linear or linear-lanceolate, entire, glabrous.

Flowers blue, in terminal bractless cymes. Berries black.

Solanum malacoxylon, Sendtn., |. c., 51.

Asuncion (181); Pilcomayo River (1530). = Balansa 2105.

October—May.

A tall, soft-stemmed shrub, with a large pith in the stem, grow-

ing sometimes 3 m. in height, entirely without thorns, very erect.

Leaves glabrous, linear-lanceolate, 10-16 cm. long, acuminate, slop-

176 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

ing into a short petiole. Flowers light blue, in panicled cymes, on

long drooping peduncles, showy. Berries purplish-black, smooth,

with a bloom, somewhat larger than a pea. This plant was very

abundant on the marshy borders of the Paraguay at Asuncion, and

also in the water of the great laguna on the Pilcomayo River.

Solanum mammosum, L., Sp. Pl., 187.

Asuncion (102); near Luque (347). November—December.

A bushy shrub, 6-12 dm. in height. Stem and lower surface of

leaves armed with straight, whitish-yellow spines, some of them

nearly 2 cm. in length. Leaves very large, often nearly 2 dm. long

by 14 dm. broad, deeply, many-lobed, stellately pubescent beneath.

Flowers bluish-purple or almost white. Fruit large, at first blotched

with green and light yellow, becoming yellow when mature, globu-

lar, smooth. Some of the berries which I measured were 3 cm. in

diameter. Common on low grounds.

Solanum nigrum, L., Sp. Pl., 186.

Buenos Aires (9); La Plata, Arg. Republic (27); Asuncion (262).

October—December.

Solanum nudum, H. B.K., Nov. Gen., iii, 33.

Asuncion (126). November—May.

A shrub, or sometimes growing into a small tree 5 m. high, much

branched, glabrous, the young shoots pubescent. Leaves alternate

or sometimes in 4s, often geminate above, ovate-lanceolate, acumi-

nate, entire, glabrous above, downy beneath, 5-10 cm. long, 2-4

em. wide, sloping into a petiole 2-4 cm. long. Flowers in axillary

clusters, the pedicels 1-2 cm. long. Calyx lobes ovate, shorter than

the corolla tube. Corolla about 1 cm. in height, of 5 deeply parted

segments with a greenish line down the centre and purplish on the

sides. Berries red, as large as peas. This shrub is quite conspicu-

ous in the thickets around Asuncion for its foliage and its clusters

of red berries. It bears scattered spines on the branches, but gen-

erally is unarmed on the stem.

Solanum oocarpum, Sendt. in Mart. Fl. Bras., x, 106.

Pilcomayo River (885). January.

A tall shrub, with whitish stellate-tomentose stems. Leaves

very large, 5-7 lobed, stellate-pubescent on both sides, beset with

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 177

stout spines on the midrib beneath and the winged petiole. Stem

armed with strong, straight or hooked spines. Flowers not seen.

Berries as large as marbles, green, covered with a yellowish tomen-

tum.

Solanum Pilcomayense, Morong, n. sp.

A weak-stemmed, widely branching shrub, about 3 m. in height, supporting

itself by the grasses and bushes among which it grows. Stem with 3 or 4

sharp angles or ridges, on which are often minute upwardly curved teeth that

give a cutting edge to the ridge, otherwise smooth. Branches pubescent with

small white, appressed hairs, or nearly glabrous. Leaves alternate, ovate,

semi-cordate, entire or with a few small lobes, pubescent, especially below,

the largest I collected 12 cm. long by 4 cm. wide, on petioles 3-24 cm. long.

Flowers in small cymes, white or sometimes pale purple, not over 3 cm. high.

Calyx with 5 ovate lobes and scarcely 4 as long as the corolla. Corolla deeply

parted, the lobes ovate, obtuse. Anthers about 4mm. long, the pores introrse,

oblique. Style capillary, included ; stigma capitate. Berries smooth, black,

a little larger than those of S. nigrum.

This plant was found more or less all along the banks of the

upper Pilcomayo, and even in the water of the great laguna where

our voyage terminated (898). January—May.

Solanum ramulosum, Sendt., 1. c., 45.

Villa Rica (458). January. = Balansa 2119.

A handsome unarmed shrub 12-15 dm. high, the branches and

leaves hoary with stellate tomentum. Leaves green above, white

beneath, ovate-lanceolate, solitary or often geminate, one of them

smaller, 3-8 cm. long, 1-25 cm. wide; petioles about 5 mm. long.

Flowers white, numerous, in small axillary cymes. Berries small,

black.

Solanum sisymbriifoliuma, Lam., I[ll., no. 2386.

La Plata, Arg. Republic (25); Asuncion (91); Gran Chaco (587).

Solanum urbanum, Morong, n. sp.

A shrub 1-3 m. in height, unarmed. Stem angular, with gray bark, smooth

below, the young shoots downy. Leaves entire, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or

acute at the apex, cuneate at the base, more or less pubescent on both sides,

3-6 cm. long and 13-23 cm. broad. Petioles 1-2 cm. long, alate-margined

above, pubescent. Flowcrs in small clusters, somewhat racemose, occasion-

ally solitary, among the leaves at the top of the stem and branches. Pedicels

erect or drooping, 1-25 cm. long. Calyx pubescent, less than 4 as long as the

corolla, with 5, often 10, subulate lobes longer than the tube, thickening and

Awnats N. Y. Acap. Scr., VII, Feb. 1893.—12

178 Plants Collected in Paraguay,

persistent in fruit. Corolla blue, with white lines running down the sides,

about-1 cm. high, with 5 broad, scarcely apparent lobes, their tips with a

velvety tuft of hairs. Stamens much shorter than the corolla, the anthers

thick, incurved at the apex, a little longer than the filaments, somewhat

unequal. Style curved; stigma capitate. Fruit a large, smooth, globular

berry, nearly 2 cm. in diameter, with a thick, fleshy rind, 4-celled; seeds

compressed, turning black.

This plant is quite common in the streets of Asuncion on the

borders of the sidewalks, growing to a much greater size on the

roadsides in the outskirts of the city.

Streets of Asuncion (147); suburbs of Asuncion (708). = Bal-

ansa 2104. November—May.

Solanum Villaricense, Morong, n. sp.

A bushy, widely branched shrub 9-12 dm. high, all the parts, even to the

calyx and corolla, covered with white or tawny stellate pubescence. Stem

terete, armed with straight, acicular spines, becoming smooth and glabrous

with age. Leaves lanceolate, somewhat obtuse, entire or occasionally a little

lobed, lighter colored beneath, the blades 4-8 cm. long by 1-33 cm. broad,

sloping into a petiole 1-2 cm. in length. Flowers in large terminal cymes.

Calyx 4 the length of the corolla, deeply cleft; lobes 5, as long as the tube,

lanceolate-acuminate. Corolla white, 10-12 mm. high, and twice as much in

diameter when fully expanded; lobes as long as the tube, ovate, mucronate-

pointed. Filaments very short; anthers slightly puberulent, nearly 1 cm.

long, the pores small, looking upwards. Fruit red, abundant, the berries as

large as cherries. .

This plant covers large tracts on the open hillsides at Villa Rica,

and is quite conspicuous with its large white flowers and red ber-

ries (494). January.

Solanum Violzfolium, Schott, in Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv, 403.

Pilcomayo River (920). February—March.

A creeping plant running for 6-9 dm., the stem rooting at the

nodes, mostly under ground, glabrous and entirely free from spines

or prickles. Leaves, as the specific name denotes, much like those

of Viola obliqua, cordate-ovate, on petioles 83-8 cm. long. Flowers

solitary, on axillary pedicels 2-5 cm. long, whitish; corolla spread-

ing rotately 4-2 cm. in diameter, the 5 deeply cut lobes ciliate,

eroded or a little fimbriate. Fruit a large oval berry, over 2 cm.

long, yellow when ripe.

This, plant grows on the sides of steep banks on the borders of the

Pilcomayo River, in shady places, its long stems often running under

leaf mould and loose soil, appearing here and there above ground.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 179

Physalis viscosa, L., Sp. Pl., 183.

Asuncion (115); Pilcomayo River (1532). November—February.

Occurs in door-yards and waste grounds around Asuncion, as well

as far up the Pilcomavo in uninhabited districts. Birds, monkeys,

and insects eat the fruit with avidity. I lost a good many speci-

mens through cockroaches, which devour all the berries that are

not protected. It is used in Paraguay medicinally, being regarded

by the natives as an efficacious remedy for children’s complaints.

The fruit is often sold in the city market of Asuncion.

Capsicum annuum, L., Sp. Pl., 188.

Asuncion (696). April-May.

Running ‘wild in the waste grounds about the city. A shrub

about 15 dm. high. The fruit is conical, 4—6 em. in length, bright

red when ripe, very hot to the taste. It is sold in the markets of

Asuncion, and much relished as a flavoring for soups. Many medi-

cinal virtues are attributed to it. |

Capsicum baccatum, L., Sp. Pl., 188.

Villa Rica (388); Pileomayo River (961). January—March.

A shrub 6-9 dm. high. Berries yellowish or red when ripe, oval,

sometimes 13 mm. long, intensely hot to the taste.

Jaborosa integrifolia, Lam., Encyc., iii, 189.

Buenos Aires (6). October.

Salpichroa rhomboidea (Gill. and Hook.), Miers in Hook. Lond.

Jour. Bot., iv, 326.

Asuncion (707). May.

Frutescent, 6-9 dm. high, growing in tangled masses by the

roadsides. The flowers are small, white, nodding, with an urceo-

late corolla. Stems square, with a dead, dry look about them, the

young shoots and branches green, bearing 2 rows of hairs which

are curiously curled, nearly looped upwards. The older stems are

weak and brittle, with a corky exterior.

Lycium Tweedianum, Griseb., Pl. Lorentz, 168.

Pilcomayo River (1006). May.

A thorny shrub 13-4 m. high, with many short, lateral, very

brittle branches, sharply spinous at the apex. Flowers small, soli-

tary, lilac. Fruit a small berry, red when ripe. 7

180 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Lycium Moronsgii, Britton, n. sp.

A glabrous shrub. Leaves ovate or oval, thick, pinnately veined, 5-7 cm.

long, 2-3 cm. wide, acute at the apex, narrowed at the base, crenulate on the

margins, borne on petioles 3-10 mm. long; flowers about 3 mm. long, numer-

ous, in dense clusters at the nodes; pedicels about 2 mm. long; corolla 4-lobed

to about one-fourth of its length; stamens 4, inserted near the summit of the

corolla-tube; stigma capitate; calyx 4-toothed, the teeth triangular, obtuse.

Fruit nearly globose, 3 mm. in diameter.

Asuncion (161). November—May.

A straggling shrub, growing 3-4 m. high in the lowlands around

Asuncion, and also near the road on the way to Lympio. The

limbs are often flexuous, and the leaves shining on the upper sur-

face Strong spines occur at the ends of short lateral branches.

The blood-red pulpy disk upon which the ovary is seated becomes

dry and membranous in fruit. Fruit a dark purple berry.

Datura fastuosa, L., Sp. Pl., Ed. 2, 256.

Asuncion (652). January—May.

A favorite flower in Asuncion gardens where it sometimes grows

to the height of 5 m. or more. Corolla light purple, very large

and showy, double. It often escapes into waste grounds where it

retains the double corolla, sometimes having as many as 8 corollas,

one inside of the other. Running wild, it is very apt to have

deformed fruit. Sometimes 2 or 3 imperfectly developed burrs

coalesce in one.

Datura Metel, L., Sp. Pl., Ed. 2, 256.

Asuncion (69). October—February.

The common Datura around Asuncion, as frequent there as is

our D. Stramonium here. A very beautiful flower, the corolla

large, funnel-form, pure white and very fragrant.

Cestrum calycinum, Willd.; R. and S$. Syst., iv, 808.

Asuncion (227); Caballero (445). December-January. = Twee-

die 1193 and Balansa 2092.

A leafy shrub which sometimes grows into a small tree 5 m. or

more in height. Flowers tubular, the corolla downy, greenish-

yellow, 1 cm. or more in length.

Cestrum Parqui, L’Her., Stirp., iv, 73, t. 36.

Buenos Aires (16); Asuncion (257 and 369). November—Decem-

ber.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 181

Common both in the Argentine Republic and Paraguay. A very

bushy shrub, 1-24 m. high, with clusters of pale yellow, tubular

flowers. Fruit an oblong purple berry-like capsule. Often grown

in gardens at Asuncion, and common in thickets about the city.

Nicotiana glauca, Graham, Bot. Mag., t. 2837.

Asuncion (38).

Usually a shrub, but sometimes a small tree 5-7 m. in height.

Stem and leaves glaucous, the latter ovate, acute at apex and

rounded or cuneate at base, on petioles 3 or 4cm. long. Flowers

very numerous, in large, naked, terminal, drooping clusters or pani-

cled racemes. Corolla yellow, tubular, 4 cm. long, glandular hairy

on tke outside. Fruit a thickish ovoid capsule, dehiscing in 5 valves

at the apex.

Common in the lowlands and on the river banks, where it is very

conspicuous. It is often found in small forms growing upon the

tiled roofs of houses along the gutters at Asuncion. It blossoms

from November to February, and even longer.

Nicotiana longiflora, Cav., Descr. Pl., 106.

Asuncion (44). November—February.

This tobacco is very common in the suburbs of Asuncion, and

frequently grows in the streets and waste grounds of the city itself.

The flower opens at night and closes early next day. Corolla with

a slender tube 7 or 8 cm. in length, white or bluish-white. Foliage

viscous-pubescent. The largest leaf which [ noted was about 10

em. long, and the largest described by DeCandolle is 23 em. long

by 74 em. wide.

Nicotiana longifilora, Cav., var. grandifolia, Morong, n. var.

‘This form is distinguished from the type by its magnitude, unequal calyx

lobes, and its denser pubescence. The stems are nearly twice as thick, tube

of the corolla 9 or 10 cm. long, lobes of calyx 15 to 20 mm. long, and the

largest leaves are 4-5 dm. in length by 14-2 dm. in breadth. Flowers noc-

turnal, and slightly fragrant when freshly open and wet with the morning

dews. ~ .

The large leaves often lie flat on the ground, and when hung in

the sun to dry cure like those of N. rustica. I have no doubt that

they contain nicotine enough to make a very good tobacco, as they

have all the taste of that while green.

Banks of the Pileomayo (1533). February—May.

182 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Petunia violacea, Lindl., Bot. Reg., t. 1626.

Asuncion (785). August-September.

-As I always found this Peéunia in the neighborhood of dwelling-

houses and in waste grounds where house rubbish was dumped, I

thought it probably a garden escape, but as it occurs native in

Southern Brazil (FI. Bras., x, 172) it may well be a native plant

of Paraguay. |

Bouchetia anomala (Miers), Britton and Rusby, Trans. N. Y. Acad.

Sci., vii, 12. |

Pileomayo River (943). February—April.

An herb with thick tough roots, 4 or 5 dm. high, with many

virgate, nearly naked branches. Stem, pedicels, and calyx rough

pubescent. Leaves glabrous or pubescent, lanceolate, linear or the

lowest spatulate, 1-5 em. long. Flowers solitary, in a long raceme,

opposed to a leaf or bract. Calyx 4 as long as the corolla, with 5

linear lobes. Corolla about 1 cm. high, funnel-form, white, with 3

delicate purple lines down the lobes on the outside and yellowish

at the base inside; lobes 5, broad. Pedicels 1-14 em. long. Fruit

a large, oval capsule, 2-celled, many-seeded, dehiscing by 4 valves.

Schwenkia Americana, L., Sys. Nat., iii, 62.

Asuncion (112). November—December. = Balansa 2171.

The Schwenkias, of which there may be 20 species, all but one

confined to South America, were formerly classed in Scrophularinee,

but now placed by Bentham and Hooker in Solanacex. The species

here noted is a frutescent plant about 6 dm. in height, with pubes-

cent stem, leafy below, with a large terminal panicle of slender,

naked branches. Leaves with blades 3-7 cm. long, rounded or

semi-cordate at base, on petioles 5-12 mm. in length. The flowers

are peculiar. Calyx scarcely 3 mm. long, with 5 minute ovate

lobes. Corolla very slender, tubular, about 10 mm. long, lurid

purple, 5-nerved, with a thick, green, glandular border that closes

in 4 lobes over the stigma, from the 4 corners of which project 4

clavate teeth. Fruit a globular capsule, 3 or 4 mm. in diameter,

1-celled, many-seeded, dehiscing by 2 valves. Seeds pitted, com-

monly hexagonal.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 183

SCROPHULARINE &.

Angelonia integerrima, Spreng., Syst. Cur. Post., 235.

Asuncion (217). December-> = Balansa 2145.

We have nothing resembling this genus in our country. Stem

frutescent, 1 m. or more in height, glabrous, ascending or erect.

Leaves opposite, entire, oblanceolate or lanceolate, acute or obtuse

at the apex, sessile, 5-12 cm. long. Flowers blue, in long, terminal

racemes (3 dm. or more). Calyx of 5 small, green sepals with

membranous edges, closely appressed and about + as long as the

corolla, persistent in fruit. Corolla ventricose, gibbous at base, not

quite 1 em broad, 5-lobed, the 4 lower lobes rounded and reflexed,

the 5th a broad, keeled hood with 2 folds on the outside at the upper

part, which are greenish at the top and in the interior. Hood sur-

mounted by an erect lobe crimped below and with a white projec-

tion at base inside, prettily spotted with white and blue on the

lower side. Stamens 4, inserted on the corolla near the base;

anthers with 2 divaricate cells, opening by slits at the top, their

edges blue; filaments blue at the base. Fruita large, ovoid, pointed

capsule. It is almost impossible to convey any intelligible idea of

this curious flower by description. It is not only curious to the

stranger from northern climes, but very beautiful.

Stemodiacra durantifolia (L.), Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl., 466.

Asuncion (78). November.

Herbaceous. Stem 3-4 dm. high, branched, the whole plant

glandular hairy. Leaves opposite or in whorls of 8s or 4s, lanceo-

late, acute at apex, sessile, auriculate. Flowers azure blue, in long

terminal spikes.

Wet grounds on the river banks.

Stemodiacra linearifolia, Morong, n. sp.

Stem square, the angles sharp or obtuse, 4 dm. to 6 dm. high, the whole

plant very glabrous, much branched above. Leaves opposite or occasionally

on the inflorescence in 3s or 4s, linear, obtuse at the apex, sessile or slightly

amplexicaul, punctate-dotted, 2-7 em. long and 2-7 mm. broad. Flowers in

long, slender, terminal racemes, in whorls of 3, each subtended by a subfolia-

ceous ovate bract ; pedicels scarcely 1 mm. long. Corolla blue, blotched with

white, about 3mm. high. Calyx with 5 subulate lobes. Style much exserted ;

stigma thick, laterally flat.

Pilcomayo River (1534). January. = Balansa 2162.

184 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Stemodiacra hyptoides (C. and §S.), Kuntze, 1. c.

Near Trinidad (833). November.

My specimens were none of them over 4 dm. high. Flowers

much like those of no. 78, azure blue, and the plant very viscous

glandular, but the leaves small and spatulate.

Stemodiacra verticillata (Miller), Kuntze, 1. ¢.

Asuncion (800a and 808); Pilcomayo River (972). October—

March. )

Herbaceous, 5-25 cm. high. Corolla azure, lighter colored within,

the throat delicately fringed. This little plant has the odor of mint

when freshly gathered.

In grassy grounds or in wettish places in the woods.

Monniera lanigera (C. and §.), Kuntze, l. c., 463.

Villa Rica (496). January.

A creeping or ascending bog plant, 5-15 cm. high. Stem densely

villous. Leaves opposite, entire, orbicular-ovate, obtuse at the

apex, amplexicaul, 8-15 mm. long. Flowers axillary, pedicellate,

with 2 minute bracteoles under the calyx. Corolla blue.

Monniera calycina (Forsk.), Kuntze, 1. c., 462.

Asuncion (90); Pilcomayo River (1029). November—May.

Growing in marshes at Asuncion, and as an aquatic, mostly sub-

merged, in the Pileomayo River near the Falls.

Scoparia dulcis, L., Sp. Pl., 116.

Asuncion (97). November.

Scoparia pinnatifida, C. and &., Linnea, viii, 22.

Asuncion (72). November—December.

Veronica arvensis, L., Sp. Pl., 13.

La Plata, Arg. Republic (26). October.

Buchnera elongata, Sw., Flor. Ind. Occ., 1061.

Near Asuncion (324). December—May.

Gerardia communis, C. and &., Linnea, iii, 12.

Asuncion (264); near Caballero (430). December—January.

= Balansa 2152. ,

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 185

A shrubby, much branched plant, 3 or 4 dm. high, with large

purple flowers, common on the campos east of Asuncion as far as

Villa Rica.

Gerardia genistifolia, C. and5., |. c., 15.

Asuncion (231); Pilcomayo River (915). December—February.

= Balansa 2168.

A very showy suffruticose species. Stems with many opposite,

erect branches, 5-10 dm. high. Flowers numerous, in long terminal

racemes, large, purple. This plant made a great display along

the low grounds on the borders of the Pileomayo River, where it

occurred for miles.

LENTIBULARL.

Utricularia juncea, Vabh)., Enum., i, 202.

Villa Rica (581). January. = Balansa 2071

Utricularia subulata, L., Sp. Pl., 18.

Luque (332). December. = Balansa 2079.

GESNERACE A.

Achimenes tubiflora (Hook.), Britton.

Gloxinia tubiflora, Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 3971.

Pilcomayo River (865). January.

A fine plant 6-9 dm. high. Leaves thickly clustered towards the

base. Flowers racemed on long naked stems. Corolla white, fun-

nel-shaped, the long tube (5—7 cm.) projecting at right angles from

the calyx, with a short, obtuse spur projecting from the other side,

which is filled with nectar. Fruit a conical capsule, 1-celled, con-

taining a multitude of small oblong seeds looking like little worms.

On the open campo, at a place known as Obraje de Pedro Gill.

BIGNONIACE A.

Bignonia Moronsii, Britton, n. sp.

An erect, branching, glabrous shrub. Leaves simple, cuneate-oblanceolate,

thick, obtuse or rounded at the apex, narrowed at the base into a short

petiole, entire, clustered at the ends of short, lateral branches, reticulate-

veined, 3-5 cm. long, about 1 cm. wide; flowers terminating the short lateral

186 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

branches, solitary or in pairs, peduncled ; peduncles slender, bracted, about

1 cm. long, lepidote; corolla about 3 em. long, the tube abruptly narrowed

above the base; calyx narrowly campanulate, lepidote, 1 cm. long;- pod

linear, subulate-tipped, glabrous, terete, 8-10 cm. long, 6-7 mm. thick ; wings

of the seed about as wide as the body.

Trinidad (276); Pilcomayo River (868). Eigcorndeen Taree

Often growing into a small tree, 15 or 20 feet high, with a dark,

wrinkled bark. Corolla bright yellow.

Bignonia Tweediana, Lindl., Bot. Reg., xxvi, t. 45.

Luque (719). May. = Gibert 1340.

The pods of this liana are flat, sometimes 5 dm. long by 1 cm,

wide, generally in pairs.

Bignonia venusta, Ker, Bot. Reg., t. 249.

Asuncion (745). June—July.

A strong liana climbing by tendrils for 8 or 10 m. over trees.

Flowers a deep yellow, in large terminal corymbs, very showy.

Fruit a smooth, flat, 2-edged pod, 15 cm. or more in. length, and

1-14 cm. wide. Very common in thickets.

Bisnonia Columbiana, Morong, n. sp.

Stem stout, glabrous, with grayish wrinkled and warty bark. Leaves ter-

nate, a pair or several ona common stalk: common petiole slender, pubescent,

2-23 cm. long; petiolules very slender, pubescent, 1-2 cm. long, the-middle

one longest ; leaflets coriaceous, glabrous, oval, entire, obtuse and emarginate

at the apex, rounded at base, 3-6 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide. Flowers not seen.

Fruit a flat pod, thick, with a very narrow raised border, acuminately pointed

at the apex, 20-26 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, on stout stalks 2-3 cm. long, from

3to5inacluster. Seeds 3 cm. long, the scarions wing broader at the lower

end, thickened along the outer side in the middle. Tendrils at the base of

the leaf-bearing stalks.

Climbing upon trees on the banks of the Pilecomayo (1535).

March.

Bignonia corymbifera, Vabl., Ecl., ii, 45, t.17. Ex descr.

Asuncion (166); between Villa Rica and Escoba (480); Trini-

dad (835). November—April. == Balansa 497 a.

A very showy species with large panicles of rose-purple flowers.

Stems glabrous, striate, grayish, sometimes white-spotted, often

purple tinted on young shoots, glabrous or minutely pubescent on

the inflorescence. Variable in the size and shape of the leaves,

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 187

which are bifoliolate or trifoliolate, a simple tendril often taking the

place of a leaflet. Leaflets always glabrous, shining above, reticu-

late veiny, rounded or subcordate at base, abruptly acuminate at

the apex, oval and ovate-lanceolate, 3-10 cm. long, 2—7 cm. broad.

Calyx campanulate, loose, 5-8 mm. long, distantly 5 denticulate

and 5-nerved. Corolla pubescent, 2-4 cm. long, obscurely bilabiate,

the upper lip with 2 rounded, entire lobes, lower with 3 rather

larger lobes. Style and stamens included. Fruit not seen. The

flower buds and flowers are somewhat viscous, adhering to the

drying-paper.

Bignonia eximia, Morong, n. sp.

Very glabrous in all its parts. Stem striate. Leaves opposite, bifoliolate,

apparently ecirrhose; petioles 13-3 cm. long; petiolules 4-6 mm. long.

Leaflets entire, elliptical, narrowed at both ends, acute and mostly cuspidate

at the apex, 24-4 cm. broad in the middle, 6-10 cm. long, reticulate-veiny on

both sides. Pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, 35 mm. long. Calyx campanulate,

4 or 5 mm. high, distantly denticulate. Corolla purple, infundibuliform,

5 cm. high, 5 cm. or more in diameter across the mouth when expanded,

bilabiate, upper lip 2 and the lower 3-lobed, the lobes broad. Fruit not seen.

A very showy species, climbing tall trees.

On the highway between Villa Rica and Escoba (595). January.

Bignonia, species undetermined.

Near Trinidad (796). October. = Balansa 499.

Macfadyena cynanchoides (Cham.), Morong.

Dolichandra cynanchoides, Cham., Linnea, 1832, p. 658.

Spathodea? Dolichandra, D.C., Prod., ix, 205.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (527); Lympio (732); Pilcomayo

River (910). February—May.

This genus is tendril climbing, like most of the Bignonias, but

differs from that genus principally in having a spathaceous calyx,

fissured on one side, with a colored involucre of 2 delicate folia-

ceous bracts just beneath the calyx. The species here noted has

opposite, bifoliolate leaves, with lanceolate, apiculate, coriaceous,

shining blades. Flowers solitary or in clusters of 3-6; calyx and

corolla red; corolla 4 or 5 cm. long, infundibulifom, curved; stamens

and style exserted, presenting a very showy appearance. |

188 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Melloa populifolia (D.C.), Britton.

Bignonia populifolia, D.C., Prod., ix, 159.

Asuncion (1536). October.

A tendril climber, with large bifoliolate, rounded leaves and

clusters of large, showy yellow flowers. Calyx much inflated,

‘spathaceous, the fissure oblique, running to an aristate point on

one side. Corolla infundibuliform, with a swelling tube and flaring,

rounded lobes, often 6 or 7 cm. in length. Stem stout, warty, the

branches striate. This plant is very conspicuous when in flower,

and would make a beautiful object in gardens, though the Asun-

cionites never seem to have taken it for that purpose.

Cuspidaria pterocarpa (Cham.), D.C., Prod., ix, 178.

Caballero (596). January.

A genus closely allied to Bignonia, but differing in its tetrapter-

ous fruit, hirsute anthers, and uniformly cuspidate-lobed calyx, from

which the generic name is derived by DeCandolle. The species

here noted climbs over large trees without tendrils, so far as I

could see, with bi-tri-foliolate leaves, and lax, terminal racemes of

showy funnel-shaped, yellow flowers. It is very ambitious, like all

the South America lianas, and climbs to the very tops of the trees,

and throws out its clusters of conspicuous flowers above their heads.

Adenocalymna nitidum, Mart. in D.C. Prod., ix, 200.

Asuncion (197). November—December. = Gibert 1106.

Stem glabrous, striate, cinereous-pubescent on the inflorescence.

Leaves bifoliolate; petioles and petiolules about equal, canaliculate.

Leaflets rigid, glabrous, shining above, elliptical, rounded at the

base, acute and cuspidate at the apex, 6-12 cm. long, 3-4 em. wide.

Calyx marked by 2-17 black, cup-shaped glands, which also occur

occasionally on the bracteoles. Corolla 6 or 7 cm. in length, bright

yellow, often shading off into white towards the summit, with a

ventricose tube and a large flaring border having 5 broad, rounded,

subequal lobes. Fruit a heavy, drooping capsule, 2-celled, some-

what tetragonous when young, becoming at maturity almost cylin-

drical and very hard, 20 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, usually 2 on a

peduncle.

Anemopzesma flavum, Morong, n. sp.

A genus very similar to Bignonia in flowers, leaves, and stems, differing in —

having a thick pulvinate disk, stamens and styles always included, the calyx

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 189

always loose and campanulate, and usually truncate. It differs principally

in the fruit, the capsule being broad ovate. The species here noted is a ten-

dril-climbing shrub with ash-colored, striate, glabrous stems, hispid on the

summits of the youngest branches. Leaves bi-tri-foliolate; petioles 10-15

mm. long, striate beneath, hispid and canaliculate above; petiolules 5 or 6

mm. long, striate and glabrous beneath, canaliculate and hispid above like

the petioles, the hairs dense and running up the thick midrib and lowest

nerves of the upper surface of the leaflets. Leaflets coriaceous, entire, ellip-

_ tical, very glabrous except as above stated, nerves prominent beneath, nar-

rowed at both ends, mucronate at the apex, 3-6 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide.

Flowers 1-3, axillary, on striate, glabrous, or slightly pubescent pedicels 8-10

mm. long. Calyx glabrous, nerveless, or obscurely nerved at the base, loosely

campanulate, truncate, with a membranous margin, 7 or 8 mm. long, yellowish

in color. Corolla yellow, darker colored at base, glabrous, infundibuliform,

the tube slender, 4 or 5 cm. long, spreading about 2 cm. across the lobes when

expanded, the lobes large and rounded, somewhat ringent. Fruit not seen.

On the highway from Villa Rica to Escoba (597). January.

= Gibert 1104.

Pithecolobium cordifolium, Mart. in D.C. Prod., ix, 194.

Asuncion (158 and 749). = Balansa 485.

Climbing by tendrils over shrubs and trees. Stems smooth,

hexagonal, the branches fuscous-downy. Leaves trifoliolate; leaf-

lets ovate or orbicular, cordate, downy. Calyx downy, truncate or

5-dentate, scarcely 4 as long as the corolla. Corolla yellow, very

close downy, smooth and dark at the base outside, curved, trumpet-

shaped, the lobes broad, rounded, subequal, 4 or 5 cm. long, showy.

Fruit a large, flattish, 2-celled, 2-valved capsule, densely echinate,

10-12 em. long by 4 or 5 em. broad, filled with broadly winged

seeds, the wings silvery, delicate membranous and transparent.

This is a fine liana, the flowers showy and the large echinate fruit

very conspicuous.

Flowers November—February; fruit June-August.

Amphilophium paniculatum, H. B. K., Nov. Gen., iii, 149.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (446); Asuncion (753).

A tendril climber distinguished by having a double calyx, the

outer spreading, with a suhb-5-lobed, reflexed border, and the inner

appressed and bilabiate. Corolla bilabiate, with a short tube about

2 ecm. long, ventricose at the throat, upper lip galeate, bilobate, the

lower 3-lobate. Fruit very different from that of 158, in company

with which it grows, being a thick, subligneous, lenticular capsule,

190 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

which is 2-celled, 2-valved, smooth or nearly so, 10-15 cm. long and

4 or 5 cm. broad. The seeds are winged membranously as in 158,

but yellowish in color. The valves when emptied of their contents

look like small boats, and are used for holding beads, pins, and

small ornamental objects.

Flowers January and February; fruit June-August.

Tabebuia araliacea (Cham.), D.C., Prod., ix, 221.

Asuncion (740). May.

A large tree 10-13 m. in height, with grayish bark which is

somewhat fissured below and smooth above. Fuscous-downy on

the young branches and inflorescence. Leaves opposite, digitate,

the leaflets 3-5, elliptical, acute or rounded at base, obtusely acumi-

nate at apex, shining above, lighter and prominently nerved beneath,

the largest about 10 cm. long and 5 cm. broad. Flowers in sessile

corymbs, bright purple, large and conspicuous. Calyx thick, pur-

plish, obscurely 5-lobed. Corolla funnel-form, tube ventricose above,

somewhat bilabiate, upper lip with 2 rounded lobes, lower with 3

emarginate, rounded lobes. Sometimes the corolla is 6 cm. in length,

spreading 3 or 4cm. at the border, white downy outside and with

translucent hairs within. A tree very common in the woods around

the city, and when covered with its blossoms attracting great atten-

tion in the forest, as it is high enough to overtop most of its com-

panions.

Tabebuia Avellaneda, Lor., Griseb. Symb. Flor. Arg., 258.

Pilcomayo River (901).

One of the largest trees in Paraguay, common in the forests of

the Pilcomayo region, growing at least 15 m. in height. It is

popularly known as the Lapacho, and in the Argentine Republic

as the Lapacho morado or colorado. I gathered the leaves only,

as it flowers in August, a period when I was not on the river.

Leaves digitate ; leaflets 3-5, elliptical, abruptly acuminate, serrate,

glabrous, the 2 middle ones the largest. Bark grayish. Wood very

hard, bluish colored, considered a valuable timber for building pur-

poses, nearly equalling the Quebracho colorado in that respect.

Tecoma ochracea, Cham., Linnea, vii, 653.

Asuncion (791). October. = Balansa 3237.

A fine tree growing in the woods near Asuncion from 10 to 13 m.

in height, with brown bark on the trunk, silverish-gray on the

\ ' Plants Collected in Paraguay. PUL

}

young branches. Flowers only seen, as the leaves do not appear

till after flowering. The flowers are bright vellow, very numerous,

12-30 in a cluster. Calyx 5-dentate, about 3 as long as the corolla,

densely hirsute with long ochraceous hairs. Corolla trumpet-shaped,

with 5 large, rounded, emarginate or eroded, subequal lobes, 5 or 6

em. in length, many-nerved and glabrous without, and clothed with

long ochraceous hairs in the interior. Fruit not seen. The great

masses of yellow flowers on the naked branches make a splendid

display at the time of blossoming.

PEDALINE”.

Craniolaria integrifolia, Cham., Linnea, vii, 725.

Near Asuncion (824). November. = Gibert 1021.

A coarse, branching herb, beset with glandular hairs which render

it very adhesive to the drying-paper. Stem succulent. Leaves

rounded-ovate and cordate, or somewhat reniform and much broader

than long, the largest 7-10 cm. broad and 5-6 cm. long. The flower

has a membranous spathe-like calyx. Corolla white, with a slender

tube 10-13 em. long and a large bilabiate limb, the upper lip 2-lobed,

lower 3-lobed, the middle lobe very large, rounded. Not seen in

fruit. Very much like our Martynia. Roadsides east of the city.

ACANTHACE Ai.

Thunbergia alata, Boj. in Hook. Hx. Fl., t.17.

Asuncion (688). April.

A slender vine, climbing over bushes. Leaves ovate, cordate-

hastate at base, on alate petioles. Flowers very pretty, the tube

of the corolla dark purple without and within, with 5 spreading

lobes of a chrome-yellow, which are oblique to the tube. 3

Hysrophila lacustris, Nees, D.C., Prod., xi, 86.

Trinidad (272); Pilecomayo River (1537). December—January.

Some of this was distributed as Hygrophila conferta, Nees.

Hysrophila oblongifolia, Nees, Mart. Fl. Bras., ix, 21.

Luque (295). December.

Flowers light purplish-red, in many sessile axillary verticils for

3 or 4 dm. along the upper part of the stem. Stem square with

excavated sides and 4 sharp angles below, very hairy, 6-12 dm.

192 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

high. Leaves oblong-elliptical, 4-15 cm, long, 14—4 cm. broad, the

uppermost sessile, appressed-hispid on both sides, especiaily on the

veins beneath.

Ruellia Moronsii, Britton.

Cryphiacanthus acaulis, Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras., ix, 49, not Ruellia acaulis R. Br.

Near Asuncion (323). December.

Acaulescent, 7 to 10 cm. high, growing on the Gran Campo, some

5 or 6 miles from Asuncion. Flowers 2 or 8 on a short peduncle,

infundibuliform, lilac without, and a deep purple mingled with

streaks of yellow within. The flowers are quite conspicuous, ap-

pearing when growing almost as large as the plant.

Ruellia spectabilis, Britton.

Cryphiacanthus angustifolius, Nees in D.C. Prod., xi, 199, not Ruellia angusi-

Jolia, Sw

Caballero (461). January.

This species has branching stems 10-12 cm. high, linear, sessile

leaves, and flowers larger than in no. 323, otherwise much the

same. Occurs on the railway track.

Ruellia Bahienmsis (Nees), Morong.

Dipteracanthus Bahiensis, Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras., ix, 39.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (526); Asuncion (659). October—

March.

A square-stemmed suffruticose plant 13-25 em. high, in open

grounds and among bushes in thickets. Stem hispidly hairy on

the upper portion. Leaves opposite, oval or ovate, obtuse at the

apex, more or less hispidly hairy and ciliate, 2-6 em. long, 1-2 em.

wide, sloping into a petiole 1-7 mm. long. Flowers white or pale

blue. Calyx divided to the base, the lobes linear or subulate, equal,

strongly hispid ciliate, 4 or 4 as long as the corolla. Corolla 25-8

em. high, somewhat 2-lipped, the lobes broad, rounded, and oblique

to the pubescent tube. Flowers sessile, axillary, in pairs. Capsule

obovoid, 8-10 mm. long, compressed at the base, pubescent.

Ruellia Tweedii (Nees), T. Anderson in Herb. Kew.

Blechum Tweedii, Nees, D.C., Prod., xi, 466.

Pilcomayo River (967). March. = Balansa 2458.

Many-branched from the base, the stems 6-9 dm. long, nearly

prostrate, the ends curling over and taking root at the nodes.

Found only in fruit. Deep, moist woods.

a et

Plants Collected in Paraguay. ae

Ruellia lanceolata, Morong, n. sp.

This species has a terete, white pubescent stem 3-5 dm. high. Leaves

opposite, hirsute on both sides, the hairs often stellate, the veins prominent

and white, lanceolate, acute at the apex and sloping at base into a petiole

4-2 cm. long, the blade 4-8 cm. long and 13-3 cm. broad. Flowers in sessile,

axillary verticils, 1-3 on a peduncle, many bracted, the bracts and calyx lobes

similar, strongly nerved, linear-acuminate. Calyx very deeply 5-parted, 4 as

long as the corolla tube, with the bracts hoary hirsute. Corolla purple, 4 cm.

long, the tube puberulent outside and very hairy within, longer than the

lobes ; lobes 4, subequal or slightly 2-lipped, the upper lip entire, the lower

3-lobed, middle lobe longest. Stamens 4, didynamous, 2 perfect; anther

2-celled, one of the cells abortive; filaments long, decurrent on the corolla

tube below their insertion. Capsule flattish, 4-sided, 1} cm. long, glabrous,

olive-colored, 3 or 4 seeded by abortion.

A somewhat erratic member of the genus. Lobes of the corolla

certainly 4. The abortive anther cell looks as if it were a spur at

the base of the other.

In thickets between Pirayu and Jaguaron (667). April.

Ruellia coerulea, Morong, n. sp.

Suffruticose, 3-4 dm. high, glabrous. Stem square, striate, somewhat

swollen at the nodes, with opposite branches. Leaves thick, opposite, ovate

or lance-oblong, simple, entire, obtuse at the apex, sloping or abruptly

rounded into a short petiole, 3-8 cm. long and 1-2 cm. broad. Flowers in

small terminal panicles, one or two on a pedicel ; a pair of linear, acute,

keeled bracts at the base of each branch of the panicle, 4-5 mm. long. Calyx

persistent, 6-7 mm. long, with 5 rigid subulate lobes longer than the tube.

Corolla infundibuliform, with 5 large, spreading, equal lobes, minutely

puberulent, 25 cm. high, of a beautiful blue color, striped inside with deeper

blue lines. Stamens on the corolla tube, didynamous, included; filaments

short. Style as long as the stamens; stigma 2-lobed, one lobe flat and much

larger than the other. Capsule 2-celled, many-seeded, slightly 4 sided,

pointed and somewhat dilated towards the apex, turning brown when mature,

2 cm. long.

Common on the campo at the Falls of the Pileomayo (1013).

March—May.

Justicia dumetorum, Morong, n. sp.

Stem slender and weak, terete, striate, covered with scattered minute,

appressed hairs, about 5 dm. high. Leaves few, opposite, entire, lanceolate-

acuminate, under the flowers lance-linear, cuneate at base, hairy like the

stem or glabrate, 5-10 cm. long and 3-3 cm. broad. Flowers sessile, or 2 or 3

on a short, thick peduncle, in opposite leaf axils. Bracts and calyx lobes

about equal, linear-lanceolate, very sharp-pointed, l-nerved, pubescent, the

Annas N. Y. Acap. Scr., VII, Mar. 1893.—13

194 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

margins white membranous. Calyx not 3 as long as the corolla tube, deeply

5-parted. Corolla rose-purple, the tube slender, a little ampliate at the

throat, smooth or slightly pubescent, ringent, the upper lip entire, the lower

3-lobed. Stamens 2, included or slightly exserted, on the corollatube. Anther

cells discrete, the one above the other. Capsule somewhat 4-sided, obconic, |

downy, 2-celled, 4-seeded ; seeds subglobose.

Found in thickets, somewhat supported by bushes. Banks of the

Pilcomayo River (1538). January. == Gibert no. 41. |

Stenandrium trinerve, Nees, Mart. Fl. Bras., ix, 75.

Between Paragua and He (854); Caballero (507). December.

== Balansa 2467.

Acaulescent. Scape 5 or 6 cm. high. Flowers in short terminal

spikes, with leafy bracts at the base of the spikes and flowers.

Corolla about 1 cm. long, purple, with shades of deeper purple and

yellow on the interior of the lobes. Fruit a 2-celled capsule, each

cell with several flat, very hairy seeds. A pretty little plant grow-

ing in dry grassy soil on the railway track.

Beloporone ramulosa, Morong, n. sp.

Suffruticose. Stems terete or squarish, swollen at the nodes, below glabrous

or pubescent in lines, above pubescent, furnished with many erect, virgate

branches, 7-10 dm. high. Leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate, entire, acute,

sloping at base into a petiole 3-20 mm. long, the uppermost passing into bracts

and sessile, pubescent or lineolate or both, 2-10 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide.

Flowers mainly at the top of the branches in solitary, opposite, axillary

spikes, the spikes about 2 cm. long. Bracts ovate, 1-14 cm. long, mucronate

or cuspidate, hirsute, ciliate, attenuate at base. Bracteoles a little shorter

than the calyx lobes. Calyx divided to the base, the segments linear, acumi-

nate, 3 as long as the corolla. Corolla 3 em. long, deep red, downy outside,

bilabiate, the upper lip entire, the lower with a long middle lobe slightly

spreading on the sides into 2 lateral lobes. Stamens 2, exserted, the anthers

discrete, one cell above and one lower, the cells appendaged below. Style

longer than the stamens; stigma erect, flat.

In thickets. Asuncion (706). May. = Balansa 3296.

Beloporone Ambherstiz, Nees, |. c., 139.

Asuncion (200 a). December—A pril.

Stems frutescent, terete, glabrate or lepidote, very leafy, 6 dm. to

2m. higb. Leaves ovate, pubescent, sometimes lepidote above

Noticeable for its bright red narrow tubular, bilabiate corollas 2

or 3 cm. long, which make it conspicuous in woodlands.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 195

Dianthera obtusifolia (Nees), Morong.

Rhytoglossa obtusifolia Nees, Mart. Fl. Bras., ix, 120.

Caballero (435); Pilcomayo River (1031). January—May.

Herbaceous. Stem angular, 4 dm. to 14 m. high. Flowers —

bluish-purple, with a short tube and broad flaring lobes. The plant

varies very much. The leaves are seldom obtuse in my specimens,

but generally linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 4-10 em. long and 3-14

em. broad. The specimens from Caballero grew on the railroad

track, and are very glabrous, while those from the Pileomayo grew

in muddy places by the river-side, and are hispid hairy, sometimes

even spiny, on the angles of the stem. ‘The leaves of the latter are

pellucid punctate, those of the former opaque. The flowers from

the Pileomayo were decidedly blue in color, while in the other they

were of arosy-purplish tinge. Perhaps several species are included

in these forms.

Diapedium Pohlianum (Nees), Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl., 485.

Asuncion (200). December—April.

A showy plant, even more noticeable for its bright red flowers

than no. 200a, as the leaves are fewer, the internodes longer, and

the flowers more numerous. ‘The corolla is very slender, 2-lipped,

25-34 cm. long, 3 times as long as the linear, acuminate lobes of the

calyx; lower lip with 3 very short lobes. All the parts, even the

corolla, are densely pubescent. Growing with no. 200 a, and about

the same height.

Diapedium Tweedianum (Nees), Kuntze, 1. c.?

Pileomayo River (1539). May.

VERBENACEA.

Lantana Camara, L., Sp. Pl., 627.

Luque (344). December.

Lantana lilacina, Desf., Cat. Hort. Par., Ed. 3, 392.

Asuncion (50). November.

Lantana trifolia, L., Sp. Pl., 626.

Caballero (599). January.

Of these Lantanas, the mos tcommon is ZL. lilacina, with nume-

rous heads of lilac flowers, bearing a berry which is blue when ripe.

196 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

The most showy is L. Camara with flowers of orange and yellow.

LL. trifolia is a coarse, rank plant, the leaves usually opposite, but

sometimes in 3s, with rather small heads of lilac flowers on very

‘long peduncles. They blossom from November to April.

Lippia angustifolia, Cham., Linnea, vii, 377.

Pilcomayo River (860). January—April.

Stems square, 6-12 dm. high, appressed-hairy. Internodes long.

Leaves opposite, narrowly lanceolate, appressed-hairy, serrate,

sessile or shortly petioled, 6-10 cm. long, 1-14 cm. wide. Heads

small, on axillary peduncles. The small flowers are nearly con-

cealed by the cuspidate-acuminate bracts. Corolla yellow, turning

orange with age. Common on the campo among tall grass.

Lippia canescens, H. B. K., Nov. Gen., ii, 263.

Pilecomayo River (905 and 1048). February—May.

A small prostrate shrub, with heads of purple flowers, and small

obovate, serrulate leaves, running on the ground for 6 dm. or more.

The heads are conical or cylindrical, 1-3 cm. long, on peduncles 3-4

em. in length.

Lippia nodifiora (L.), Mx., Fl. Bor. Am., ii, 15.

Asuncion (163). November.

Lippia turnerzfolia, Cham., Linnea, vii, 217.

Luque (575). December.

Lippia urticoides, Steud. Nomencl. ex Schauer, in D.C., Prod., xi, 573.

Asuncion (242). December.

A shrub with light gray bark, 3-6 m. high. Leareeve ovate, obtuse

at apex, rounded or subcuneate at base, very rough like shagreen

above, downy and lighter colored beneath. Flowers white, very

fragrant, in axillary or terminal racemes or spikes, densely and

spirally arranged on the axis. Racemes numerous, often 10-15

em. long. Branches and peduncles white pubescent, the branches

4-gonous. Calyx and minute pedicel woolly. This shrub is thickly

covered with the flowering racemes when in blossom, and makes a

great display on the lowlands at Asuncion where it occurs.

Lippia Recolletz, Morong, n. sp.

Suffruticose. Stem nearly simple, or with 1 or 2 long branches from near

the base, terete below, tetragonous and deeply grooved above, densely papil-

Plants Collected in Paraguay. ¥97

lose-hispid, 3-6 dm. high, springing from thick ligneous roots. Leaves oppo-

site, ovate or lanceolate-ovate, strongly crenate-serrate, acute or obtuse at the

apex, sloping at base into a petiole 5-15 mm. long, densely hispid on both

sides, about 7-nerved on each side, scarcely penninerved, the blades 3-7 cm.

long, 15-25 cm. wide. Flowers in dense globular or ovate heads, the heads

solitary, axillary, on hispid peduncles 3-5 mm. long. Bracts imbricated,

cuspidate-acuminate, densely hirsute-ciliate and hispid, 2-3 mm. broad,

4 mm. long, nearly hiding the flowers. Calyx membranaceous, compressed,

bifid, puberulent, dividing and falling off with the seeds at maturity. Corolla

yellow, ampliate, 2-lipped, upper lip entire, lower lip 3-lobed, downy on either

side under the lobes, about 3 mm. long, only the lobes showing under the

acumen of the bracts. Seeds flattened-globose, 1} mm. long, pubescent, split-

ting at maturity into 2 hemispherical nutlets.

The plant has a strong mint-like odor, and abounds in the neigh-

borhood of the Recolleta, a well-known cemetery about 2 miles from

Asuncion (62). October-November.

Valerianodes Jamaicense (L.), Med. Phil. Bot., i, 177.

Asuncion (108). November.

Common in the waste grounds of the city. The numerous long,

slender spikes (12-35 cm.) give it a very striking look, although it

is such a common weed that everybody at Asuncion wondered to

see me gather it.

Verbena Bonariensis, L., Sp. Pl., 20.

Asuncion (173); Pileomayo River (1540). November—April.

Verbena Peruviana (L.), Britton.

Erinus Peruvianus, L., Sp. Pl., 630.

Verbena chamedrifolia, Juss., Ann. Mus., vii, 73.

Asuncion (51). = Balansa 1024.

This scarlet-flowered, trailing Verbena seems to grow all over

Paraguay, and nearly all the year round. I found it not only in

copses about Asuncion, but also in the streets of the city, and far

up on the Pilcomayo River. It was equally common a hundred

miles east of Asuncion. The stems sometimes climb up among

bushes for 6 dm. or more.

Verbena dissecta, Willd.; Spreng. Syst. Veg., ii, 750.

Asuncion (219). December_January. = Balansa 1025.

A trailing Verbena with bright lilac flowers and dissected leaves.

Not quite so common as no. 51, but still frequently found around

Asuncion and by the side of the railway as far as Luque.

198 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Verbena intermedia, Gill. and Hook. in Hook. Bot. Misc., i, 166.

Pilcomayo River (1014). April.

Many stems from the same root, very slender and much- branched,

erect, 4-54 dm. high, the upper parts‘naked. Flowers blue, searcely

3 mm. high, in terminal spikes not over 3 mm. wide and 5-15 em.

long. Leaves small, linear, serrate, and confined mostly to the lower

part of the stems, or soon dropping off, giving a naked, dry look to

the plant. The stems are tetragonous and rough to the touch.

Verbena litoralis, H. B. K., Nov. Gen., ii, 276.

Asuncion (128). November—December.

A tall, rough, square-stemmed weed, with long eylindrical spikes

of blue flowers, common in fields. Leaves few, linear, sharply ser-

rate. The upper parts of the stem and branches naked. The spikes

are sometimes 12 or 14 cm. long.

Verbena venosa, Gill. and Hook., 1. e., 167.

Asuncion (1541). November.

Verbena Moronsgii, Britton, n. sp.

Ascending, branched, 30 em. or more high, the branches sparsely pubes-

ent, sharply 4-angled. Leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate, acuminate at the

apex, narrowed at the base, sharply serrate or the upper entire, pubescent

with short, rigid, subulate hairs on the upper surface, glabrous or very nearly

so beneath, 5-7 cm. long, 5-10 mm. wide; flowers in dense, oblong, terminal,

peduncled heads; corolla 1.5 cm. long, the tube narrow, somewhat enlarged

above, the limb a pneuiine ; bracts linear-lanceolate, acuminate, striate, very

ciliate, about as long as the corolla tube.

Caballero (600). January.

This plant sometimes reaches twice the height given in the

description. Flowers lilac or purple. It grows on the railroad

track in company with no. 599.

Citharexylum myrianthum, Cham., Linnea, vii, 117.

Asuncion (830). November. = Balansa 2090.

A tree from 3 to 10 m. in height, with smooth gray bark. Leaves

glabrous, shining on the upper surface, elliptical, bearing 2 green,

thick, wart-like glands at the base of the blade, the largest 14 em.

long by 6 cm. broad. Flowers white, in long, secund, drooping

racemes. It bears a drupe about as large as a cherry.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. pL )s)

Vitex cymosa, Bert. in Spreng. Syst. Veg., ii, 757.

Asuncion (797). October. = Balansa 1022.

A tree with grayish, rather smooth bark, 3 to 19 m. in height.

Flowers in panicles at the summit of the previous year’s branches.

Corolla blue, with a yellow eye in the centre. Leaves digitate ;

leaflets 3-5. Quite showv when in blossom, as the flowers appear

on young shoots before the new leaves. The Guarani name for this

tree is Taryma guazu, commonly called Taruma. It is common

in the waste grounds of Asuncion and in the woods about the city.

Clerodendron fragrans, Vent., Jard. Malm., t. 70.

Asuncion (615). February—March.

I saw this plant frequently in the neighborhood of dwelling-

houses, and think it must be a garden escape, although everybody

declared that it was wild. I am confirmed in this opinion by the

fact that all the flowers are double, the stamens being converted

into petals, and showing no appearance of anthers. It is herba-

ceous, growing from 1 to 2 m. in height, with large clusters of

white and violet flowers. No fragrance was noticed in the flowers.

LABIAT A.

Ocimum micranthum, Willd., Enum., 630.

Caballero (470); Pilcomayo River (965). January—March.

Peltodon longipes, St. Hil. in Benth. Lab., 63.

Between Hscoba and Caballero (421). January.

Only 4 species of this genus are known, all of them occurring in

Brazil and the neighboring countries. The one here noted is a

small, trailing plant with opposite, round-ovate, obtuse, crenate

leaves. Flowers in small heads on very long peduncles, the corolla

dark purple. It grows in hard soil on the railway track near

Caballero.

Hyptis brevipes, Poit., Ann. Mus., vii, 465.

Asuncion (75). November—December.

Herbaceous. Stem stout, square, 4-6 dm. high, rough hairy on

the angles. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, sloping at

base into a short petiole, black dotted, sparsely hairy, the hairs

long, appressed, jointed. Flowers light purple spotted, the upper

200 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

lip nearly white, in globular heads, the heads in opposite leaf axils,

on short peduncles, bristly with the lanceolate bracts and calyx

teeth. Common on the river-side.

Hyptis cimerea, Morong, n. sp.

Stem rather slender, tetragonous, deeply grooved in the centre and sulcate

on the sides, cinereous-pubescent below and densely and closely hispid above,

with many opposite, erect, strict branches, 6-15 dm. high. Leaves narrowly

’ Janceolate, 6-10 cm. long, 5-15 mm. wide, acuminate, unequally and sharply

serrate, pellucid-dotted, cinereous pubescent on both sides, sloping into a

winged petiole 10-20 cm. long. IJInternodes on the stem 5-15 cm. long. Heads

few, solitary, axillary, globular, 8-10 mm. in diameter, on peduncles 10-15

mm. long. Bracts equalling the heads or shorter, lanceolate, hispid. Calyx

campanulate, 5 mm. long, glabrous between the nerves, ciliate on the margins ;

teeth longer than the tube, hispid. Corolla when in flower much exserted

beyond the calyx, about 1 cm. long, spotted white and purple. Receptacle

villous.

Approaches H. brevipes, but the leaves in that are glabrate and

black spotted, ovate, the bracts ciliate and broader, the flowers

scarcely surpassing the calyx, and the stems not grooved as in this.

Luque (304); Pilecomayo River (924). November—February.

= Balansa 1006 a.

Hyptis dumetorum, Morong, n. sp.

Stems 9-12 dm. high, tetragonous, the angles obtuse, densely white villous,

even woolly towards the top, strict, sparsely branching. Heads globose, soli-

tary, in opposite leaf axils, the largest 10-14 mm. in diameter; peduncles

pubescent, 8-20 mm. long. Bracts subulate, villous, shorter than the heads.

Calyx slightly inflated in the middle, sparingly pubescent, 10-nerved, reticu-

late-veiny, elongated and strongly recurved in fruit, naked in the interior,

the fruiting 6 or 7 mm. long; teeth straight, 3 times shorter than the tube,

equal, pubescent. Corolla scarcely exceeding the calyx, purplish in tint.

Receptacle woolly. Seeds oval. Leaves ovate, rounded or truncate at the

base, unequally dentate, densely fuscous-villous, rugose veiny and almost

woolly beneath, the lowest on short petioles, the uppermost sessile; blades

5-7 cm. long, 3-5 cm. broad at the base, the uppermost becoming sessile bracts

1-2 cm. long.

This species seems to approach H. recurvata, Poit., but that as

described has naked receptacles, leaves always petioled, smaller

heads and longer peduncles.

A conspicuous plant in thickets around Asuncion (633). March—

April. == Balansa 1009.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 201

Hyptis gracilipes, Britton, n. sp.

Erect, slender, 35 cm. or more high, much branched, the stems and branches

puberulent. Leaves oblong, acute at the apex, narrowed at the base, serru-

late or the upper entire, pubescent beneath, puberulent above, the upper

1.5-2 em. long; lower leaves not seen; branches of the panicle slender,

elongated ; pedicels 1-flowered, filiform, 1. 3-2 cm. long; flowers minute, the

corolla tube apparently not exceeding the ‘ey ; calyx campanulate, minutely

puberulent, reticulate veined, at length 2.5 mm. long, its teeth ovate, obtuse ;

nutlets oblong, smooth.

Near Asuncion (7lla). Related to H. Salzmanni, Benth. May.

Hyptis lappacea, Beuth., Lab., 103.

Asuncion (75b); Gran Chaco (585). November—February.

Stem simple, square, strict, rough, 4-6 dm. high. Leaves oppo-

site, lanceolate, hispid, irregularly serrate, acuminate at botb ends,

petiolate, 6-12 cm. long, 8-20 mm. broad. Internodes 7-10 cm.

long. Flowers white, in solitary, globular heads 8-12 mm. in

diameter, on peduncles 5-20 mm. long, axillary below, glomerate

above. Bracts lanceolate, acuminate, hispidulous, equalling the

head. Calyx lobes rough-awned. ‘The numerous heads have a

very burr-like aspect.

Hyptis spicata, Poit., Ann. Mus., vii, 474.

Asuncion (48 and 711). November—May.

Much more slender than no. 75b, the heads very small and

arranged racemosely at the tops of the stems and branches, on

capillary peduncles 2-4 mm. long.

Hyptis suaveolens, Pot wines 472:

Asuncion (368). November.

Stems square, the angles armed with minute downwardly hooked

prickles, growing 4 or 5 dm. high. Leaves rough with minute

hirsute hairs, ovate, acute, serrate, cuneate at base, on petioles 1-2

em. long. Flowers in small axillary heads, the corolla small, pur-

ple. Open grounds.

Hyptis westita, Benth., Lab., 114.

Caballero (592). January. = Balansa 978.

Whole plant covered with a white or tawny, scurfy tomentum.

' Flowers in close terminal spikes. Corolla purple. Stem 4—6 dm.

202 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

high. Leaves petiolate, broadly ovate, unequally crenate-dentate,

fuscous above, whitish beneath, rugose-veiny. Open grounds.

Salvia cardiophylia, Benth., Lab., 721.

Asuncion (65); Pileomayo River (1542). November—June.

Stem 4-6 dm. high, glabrous or downy. Leaves broad deltoid,

obtuse or acute, truncate or cordate at tke base, dentate. Flowers

light blue, 3-6 in the verticil. The plant has a strong aromatic

odor.

Salvia rigida, Benth., Lab., 269.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (415). January. = Balansa 990.

This species has an erect, hirsute stem, 3-6 dm. high. Leaves

crowded, downy, elliptical, acute at the apex, sessile, somewhat

auriculate at the base, 24-4 em. long and 1-14. cm. broad. Flowers

white, in long terminal racemes, the pedicels 2 or 3 mm. long.

Growing on the open campo.

Scutellaria rumicifolia, H. B. K., Nov. Gen. ii, 324.

Asuncion (58 and 826). October—January.

A small, much branched plant, 14-2 dm. high. Flowers 3 or 4

mm. high, the corolla violet and white, the lower lip purple spotted.

The flowers are very numerous, in long terminal racemes. Grow-

ing in grassy grounds on the outskirts of the city and even in the

streets. On the edges of the sidewalk near my house I found

plenty of it..

Leonurus Sibiricus, L., Sp. Pl., 584.

Asuncion (769). November—July.

This species, which occurs occasionally as a waif in our country,

is quite common in the waste grounds of Asuncion. There it

grows in large patches, 8-12 dm. in height.

Teucrium inflatum, Sw., Flor. Ind. Occ., ii, 1003.

Asuncion (179). November—December.

This plant occurs abundantly on the low eae near the river

at Asuncion. It is a coarse-leaved, pubescent species, 4-6 dm. high.

Flowers crowded in terminal spikes. Calyx inflated, very downy.

Corolla a light purple.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 203

PLANTAGINE 4

Plantago tomentosa, Lam., Encyc., v, 377.

Asuncion (160); Pilcomayo River (880). November—January.

= Balansa 3185.

Common in the waste grounds of Asuncion, where it rises 15-20

em. high, but on the borders of the Pilecomayo I found leaves some-

times 30 em. long, and scapes from 60 to 70 cm. high, the spike

alone being from 80 to 35 em. in length. Leaves ovate or oblanceo-

late; both they and the scapes from the same roots very numerous.

Seeds in my specimens 3 and 4 in a pod.

NYCTAGINE &.

Mirabilis Jalapa, L., Sp. Pl., 177.

Asuncion (622). February—April.

Commonly cultivated in gardens at Asuncion, but not unfre-

quently running wild. The color of the flowers varies from deep

red to purple, purple blotched and nearly white.

Boerhaavia decumbens, Vahl., Enum., i, 64.

Asuncion (93). November—December.

This occurs abundantly in the streets of Asuncion, on the edges

of the sidewalks and in waste places. Indeed, I never found it

outside of the city. A straggling, much-branched plant. Leaves

broad ovate, acute at apex, rounded, truncate or semicordate at

base, on a petiole about as long as the leaf, in pairs, one of them

larger than the other, glabrous, lepidote, the larger 2-83 cm. long

and the smaller 1-14 cm. Flowers in naked, terminal panicles, the

pedicels capillary. Flowers minute, greenish below, bright red

above, 5-lobed, each lobe with a mucro rising from the centre of a

notch. Fruit an obconic, 5-angled, 1-celled, 1-seeded capsule, 3 mm.

long, lined with viscid appressed hairs. It was long before I

could make out the character of these flowers, they are so minute,

and they drop off the stems so easily, but the bright red speck was

sufficiently conspicuous.

Bougainvillea glabra, Chois. in D.C., Prod., xiii, pt. 2, 437.

Asuncion (367).

A fine shrub 24-4 dm. high. Stem and branches armed at

irregular intervals with slightly curved spines. Leaves simple,

204 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

entire, alternate, shining, elliptical or oval, acuminate at apex and

sloping at base into a petiole about 1 cm. in length. Flowers very

showy, numerous, in terminal clusters. The showy part of the

flower consists of a large involucre of 3 ovate, purple bracts, 4 cm.

long and 3 cm. wide. ‘The real flowers inside of these bracts are

quite inconspicuous, one attached to each involucral bract. This

shrub makes a beautiful ornament in the gardens of Asuncion,

blossoming profusely all the year round. It is a native of Brazil

and said to grow wild in Paraguay, but I doubt it, at least at any

noticeable distance from the Brazilian border.

Reichenbachia hirsuta, Spreng., Syst. Veg., i, 94.

Asuncion (167). November—March.

A small tree 5-8 m. in height, placed by Sprengel and Choisy in

this Order, but somewhat anomalous, and thought by Hooker to

constitute a new family. Leaves thick, obovate, acute at both

ends, green above, hoary with a white stellate tomentum beneath.

Branches, peduncles, and exterior of the corolla covered with the

same tomentum. Flowers in axillary clusters along the branches,

2-10 or more in a cluster, apetalous, tubular, 10 or 12 mm. long.

Perianth with 4 small lobes, unequal, rotate in anthesis, yellowish

above. Stamens 2, inserted on a disk beneath the ovary. Ovary

1-celled, l-ovuled. Stigma penicillate. Fruit with a single flattish,

black and shining seed in the persistent perianth. This grows on

the borders of thickets and is also planted on the borders of fields.

Pisonia combretifolia, Mart. Fl. Bras., xiv, pt. 2, 360.

Asuncion (686); Pileomayo River (999). April—June.

A fine tree 10-20 m. high, 1 m. or more in diameter at the base,

with brown or grayish, furrowed or shaggy bark on the trunk,

downy on young branches and on the inflorescence. The limbs are

nearly horizontal; the flowering twigs erect and crowded, giving

to the tree the look of a flat topped head with several tiers of pro-

jecting branches below. Leaves numerous, opposite or scattered,

glabrous, a little revolute, oval or obovate, obtuse at the apex,

sloping at base into a petiole 1-2 cm. long, the largest blades 7 cm.

long and 34}cm. wide. Flowers creamy-white and very fragrant,

in large panicled cymes at the summit of the branches. They are

polygamo-dicecious. Bracteoles at the base of the corolla 5, minute,

caducous. fPerianth epigynous, normally of 5 segments, but often

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 205

varying to 6, 7, or 10, the segments ovate, 4 or 5 mm. long, spread-

ing wide open in anthesis. Perfect flowers with well developed

stamens, aS many in number as the perianth segments and alter-

nate with them. Style protruding through a fringe of hairs upon

the summit of the ovary, and divided at the apex into 2 or 8 stig-

matic portions. Ovary inferior, with 2 long'l-ovuled cells. Iam

more particular to describe the structure of these flowers because

there is a good deal of confusion in the characters of Pisonia as

given in the books, at least judging from my specimens. This tree

is known among the natives as Palo blanco because both the wood

and flowers are white.

ILLECEBRACE A.

Pentaczna ramosissima (D.C.), H. and A. in Hook. Bot. Misc., iii,

338.

Between Paraguay and Luque (858). December.

Creeping, many-branched from the base, with numerous small

crowded, subulate, spiny-pointed leaves, 24 dm. high. Perianth

segments in fruit 5 sharp spines. The plant reminds me in general

appearance of our Scleranthus annuus. Growing in hard soil on

the railway track.

AMARANTACE A.

Iresine celosioides, L., Sp. Pl., Ed. 2, 1456.

Asuncion (144). November—January.

Kokera paniculata (L.), Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl., 542.

Asuncion (746). June.

A slender-stemmed, branching herb, 8-12 dm. high, with naked

racemes of flowers in small opposite or alternate clusters along the

rachis. Flower axis rising from leaf axils, sometimes nearly 30 cm.

long. Roadsides.

Amarantus chlorostachys, Willd., Hist. Amarant., xxxii, t. 10, f.19.

Caballero (442); Pilecomayo River (980 and 1062). January—

June.

This was found growing on the campos of the Pilcomayo River,

frequently attaining a height of more than 3 m., with great panicles

of spikes, some of them 5 dm. in length..

206 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Amarantus viridis, L., Sp. Pl., Ed. 2, 1405.

Asuncion (335); Pileomayo River (1018). = Balansa 1968.

The common Pigweed of the country, frequent in cultivated and

waste grounds. To be seen the year round.

Pfaffia glauca (Maft.), Spreng. Syst. Veg. Cur. Post., 107.

Pileomayo River (1066); Asuncion (140). November—June.

= Balansa 1959.

Herbaceous. Stems widely branching, 8-12 dm. high, smooth

below, downy on the inflorescence. Flowers in large loose panicled

clusters, the clusters small and often on long naked peduncles.

Perianth small, the segments white, the head composed of nume-

rous, crowded, sessile flowers. Leaves linear or lanceolate, hoary

with a close tomentum. ‘The whole plant has a glaucous tint, and

the long, widely branched, naked panicle of the inflorescence, with

the small terminal flower heads, give it a peculiar appearance.

Pfafia luzulzeflora (Mart.), Dietr. Syn. Pl., i, 868.

Asuncion (144a and 184). November.

Mogiphanes rosea, Morong, n. sp.

Stem erect, branching, 20-40 cm. high, striate, strigose-pubescent, rising

from large, fleshy or tuberous roots. Leaves opposite, ovate, entire, sessile, or

the lowest pair on petioles about 3 mm. long, acute and mucronate, strigose-

pubescent, the hairs jointed, midnerve below prominent; the largest 5 or 6

em. long by 3-35 cm. wide. Heads naked, nearly globose at first, becoming

cylindrical, 1-2 cm. long. Flowers rose-colored. Bracts membranous, ovate,

cuspidate, the upper margins dentate or fimbriate, keeled, the keel more or less —

pubescent, about 2 min. long. Perianth segments acute, strongly 3-nerved,

slightly pubescent, 5 mm. long. Filaments capillary, as long as or longer

than the stamineal tube; anthers ovate. Staminodea broad and flat, surpass-

ing the stamens, lacerate at the apex. Ovary oblong; style minute; stigma

globular, obscurely lobed. Seeds cylindrical, shining, 3 mm. long.

This pretty flower occurs in open grounds around Asuncion, its

rose-colored, long-peduncled heads at once attracting attention (221).

== Balansa 1943. December—January.

Velanthera ficoidea (L.), Mart. Nov. Gen., ii, 52.

Pilcomayo River (922). February.

Corresponding very well to this species as described in FI. Bras.,

v, pt. 1,171. The segments of the perianth, however, are 5 mm.

in length, with 3 strong,.fuscous nerves, pubescent between the

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 207

nerves and on the margins nearly to the apex. The plant is herba-

ceous, with a slender, widely branching stem, which is glabrous

below and pubescent at the summit. Flowers white, in small

sessile, axillary heads. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, mucronulate,

very glabrous, sloping at the base into petioles 5-10 mm. long,

comparatively few, separated by long internodes. Seeds flat.

Telanthera phyloxeroides (Mart.), Moq., D.C. Prod., xiii, pt. 2, 362.

Asuncion (168). November.

A weak-stemmed herb in moist grounds, prostrate below and

rooting at the nodes, the ascending portion 2-5 dm. high. Flowers

silvery-white, in terminal. heads, on peduncles 2—7 cm. long, very

handsome. Heads globular or becoming cylindrical with age, 1-2

em. long. Leaves glabrous, narrow lanceolate, mucronulate, nar-

rowed at the base and sessile, 4-8 cm. long. The stems are glabrous

below, fringed with 2 lines of hairs on the uppermost internodes.

They are also somewhat swollen and ruddy at the nodes.

Alternanthera pilosa, Mogq., 1. ¢., 357. Ex descr.

Asuncion (40). November—February.

A creeping plant with numerous small sessile heads of white

flowers in the axils of the leaves, the stems often rooting at the

nodes and running for 10 cm. or more upon the ground. It is

much branched, and appears as if in mats, The heads are entirely

free from spines, globular or ovoid, 5-9 mm. in length. Leaves

spatulate or obovate, the largest blades 2-3 cm. long and 8-10 mm.

wide, sloping into a short petiole, scantily pilose beneath. The

stems are pilose on the young branches, especially at the axils of

the leaves and under the heads where they are almost woolly.

Very common along the edges of the sidewalks in Asuncion and

in the suburbs.

Some of this was distributed as A. Achyrantha.

Alternanthera pungens, H. B. K., Nov. Gen., ii, 306.

A. echinata, Sw. in Rees Cyc., Suppl. no. 10.

Asuncion (39). November—February.

This plant is prostrate, spreading on the ground for 3 dm. or

more, rooting at the nodes, very branching in all directions. It is

a much larger species than no. 40, though similar in habit, with

longer stems and larger leaves, but unlike that it has echinate

heads, the bracts and 2 of the perianth segments being armed with

208 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

long spines. Perianth with segments 6 or 7 mm. long. Heads

silvery-white, densely woolly at the base. It occurs with no. 40.

Alternanthera Chacoensis, Morong, n. sp.

Stem decumbent and rooting at the lower nodes, compressed, striate, pilose,

thickened and woolly at the nodes, the young shoots woolly, 3-5 dm. high,

much branched. Leaves 2-6 cm. long, 8-20 mm. wide, opposite, entire,

glabrous above, appressed-pilose beneath, pellucidly lined, obovate, acute

and cuspidate at the apex, sloping into a petiole 5-15 mm. long, or the upper-

most sessile. Heads sessile, axillary, about 5 mm. in diameter, not spinous.

Sepals silvery white, oblong, obtuse, glabrous, equal, 1-nerved, sometimes

obscurely tricostate at the base, about 3mm.long. Bracts shorter. Stamens

3, much longer than the pistil; staminodes entire.

This species approaches both A. sessilis and A. paronychioides,

but differs from them in being ascending, in having obtuse and

l-nerved sepals and compressed and more woolly stems. The

leaves, as in those species, are often in pairs of unequal size.

In the Chaco territory, Pileomayo River (1587). February.

Gomphrena decumbens, Jacq., Hort. Schenbr., t. 482.

Asuncion (42, 78, and 734). October—January.

A very pretty and interesting species, quite common in open

places about Asuncion, and in the streets of the city. Stems erect,

bushy-branched from the base and spreading, lanate, the long white

hairs appressed. Heads terminal, subtended by a pair of leaves,

at first ovate, elongating with age, woolly-haired under the bracts

and perianth segments. The most common is no. 42, with silvery-

white heads. No. 73 has purple heads. No. 734 is a rare variety,

with yellow heads, 1-24 dm. high, with long, fleshy roots.

Gomphrena perennis, L., Sp. Pl., 224.

Pilcomayo River (923). February.

Herbaceous. Stem strigose-hairy, trichotomously branched.

Perigonium tipped with yellow at the summit, all the sepals and

bracts otherwise silvery-white and woolly at the base. ‘The 2

lateral bracts crested and keeled on the back. Heads globular, on

long naked peduncles, each head subtended by 1-2 broad, ovate,

mucronate, strigose-hirsute bracts. Sometimes the peduncles are

as much as 30 cm. in Jength, and bear 1 or 2 lateral heads as well

as the terminal one. Leaves very few, mostly confined to the lower

part of the stem, sessile, strigosely hairy, pellucid punctate, the

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 209

largest I collected 6 cm. long and 2 cm. broad. The absence of

leaves from the upper part of the stem gives the plant a very strag-

eling, naked appearance. When the lateral heads occur they are

in pairs, and frequently run together so as to appear but one. A

head that I measured was nearly 2 cm. in diameter.

We first named this G. pulchella, Mart., but we are indebted to

Mr. N. H. Brown, of Kew, for a revision of the determination.

Froelichia lanata, Mogq,., 1. c., 422. ~

Pileomayo River (850). December. = Balansa 1947.

Herbaceous, with slender, scapose stems, several rising from the

same root, 25-35 em. high. Nearly all the leaves are in a radical

tuft, 1 or 2 occurring upon the lower part of the stems. They are

oblanceolate, acute at the apex, sloping into a long. petiole, glabrous

and opaquely dotted above, lanate beneath, 3-9 cm. long and 8-10

mm. wide at the summit. Scapes more or less lanate. .Flowers in

terminal spikes, the lower remote; perianth scarious-bracted and

its segments very woolly as in all the species. On the campo near

the railroad between Luque and Paragua, 12 or 15 miles northeast

of Asuncion.

CHENOPODIACE.

Chenopodium anthelminticum, L., Sp. Pl., 220.

Pilcomayo River (909 and 1543). January—February.

Our Guarani peons on the Pilcomayo River attributed great

medicinal virtue to the Roman Wormwood, which grows profusely

along the banks. I frequently saw them gathering the spikes and

stripping the flowers and fruit into tin cups for the purpose of

steeping them into tea.

Chenopodium glaucum, L., Sp. Pl., 220.

Pilcomayo River (918). January—February.

Chenopodium Tweedii, Moq., D.C. Prod., xiii, pt. 2, 63.

Pilcomayo River (1005). April.

Salicornia Gaudichaudiana, Moq,., |. c., 145.

Pileomayo River (887). January.

Fond of salt soil like all its relations, as it was growing only on

the borders of a saline pool at the Laguna de las Palmas.

Annas N. Y. Acap. Sc1., VII, Mar. 1893.—14

210 Plants Ccllected in Par iguay.

Boussengaultia baselloides, H. B. K., Nov. Gen., vii, 196.

Asuncion (623); Pilecomayo River (994). March—A pril. .

A very slender vine twining over bushes and shrubs. The

flowers are greenish-white, sometimes a dark maroon color, minute,

spreading rotately in anthesis, in numerous, very slender axillary

racemes, the racemes solitary or panicled. Leaves alternate, entire,

glabrous, pointed at the apex, subcordate, petioled, the largest

blades collected 6 cm. long by nearly as broad at the base.

PHY TOLACCACE.

Rivina humilis, L., Sp. Pl., 121.

Asuncion (263 and 748); Pilcomayo River (1544). December—

June.

Petiveria alliacea, L., Sp. Pl., 342.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (530); Asuncion (770); Pileo-

mayo River (948). January—May.

This plant, also occurring in South Florida, has a curious provi-

sion for the dissemination of its seed which is worthv of notice.

The linear-cuneate achenium has at the blunt apex 4-6 little knees

from which project as many weak spines, at first somewhat erect,

afterwards hardening and becoming reflexed and appressed, 4 as

long as the achenium, or some 3 or 4 mm. in length. As the fruit

is easily drawn out of the enveloping sepals and these spines readily

catch upon passing animals, an excellent means of dispersion is

afforded.

Microtea debilis, Sw., Prod., 53.

Caballero (471). January.

Seguiera Paraguayensis, Morong, n. sp.

A tree 14-17 m. or more in height, with a rather slender trunk and dark

gray bark, the branches, smooth and with lighter colored bark. Found only

in fruit. Leaves oval, entire, coriaceous, glabrous, obscurely but hardly

reticulate-veined, the margins with a callous edge, emarginate and mucronate,

rounded at the base, the largest blades collected 6 cm. long and 4 cm. wide:

petiole about 1 cm. long. Stipules tuberculiform or a minute straight spine.

Samara 2-25 cm. long, thickened at the base and expanding into an obtuse

wing 8-10 mm. broad, the wing angled, thickened and nearly straight on the

upper side, and very thin, cristate and curved on the lower side, nerved on

the faces, the nerves sloping towards the lower margin and often branching.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 211

Seeds round, flattened, with a black membranaceous testa, 4mm.long. Fruit

in axillary or terminal and panicled racemes, on capillary pedicels 5-8 mm.

long.

Roadsides east of Asuncion (690). May.

Seguiera coriacea, Benth., Trans. Lin. Soc., xviii, 235. Ex descr.

Asuncion (645 and 660). April.

A half-climbing shrub, diffusely branched at the summit, 24-3

dm. high, striate, glabrous below, the young branches and _ inflores

cence tomentose. The samara, which has not been described, is

2-24 cm. long, the wing narrow at the lower part and much ex-

panded above, rounded at the apex and 10-12 mm. broad, many and

closely nerved on the faces. Seeds round, flattened, reddish colored,

5 mm. long. The stipules are straight, stout thorns, thick at the

base, often 2 em. long. The branches of the panicle are also fre-

quently subtended by a thorn. It has ample panicles of white

flowers, and produces samaras profusely. Common in thickets.

POLYGONACE A.

Polygonum punctatum, Ell., Bot. S. C. and Georg., i, 455.

P. acre, H. B. K., Nov. Gen., ii, 179, not Lam.

Asuncion (88); Pilcomayo River (1033). November—May.

Abundant in the lowlands on the river-side at Asuncion, and also

occurring in the waters of the great laguna on the Pilcomayo River.

Polygonum acuminatum., H. B. K., |. c., 178, var. microstemon,

Meisn. in Mart. Fl. Bras., v. 14, t. 4, f. 2.

Pileomayo River (1060). June.

Leaves of this species are linear-lanceolate, some of them over 20

em. long, appressed-pubescent on both sides, sessile or subsessile.

Fruit lenticular, black and shining. Ochre long and setosely ciliate,

the bristles nearly 1 cm. long. Stem terete, perfectly glabrous, except

at the top, where itis hairy. Spikes thick, cylindrical. Flowers white.

Polygonum hispidum, H. B. K., 1. c., 178.

Pileomayo River (1026). May.

This species differs from no. 1060 in having a very hispid stem,

ovate or lanceolate, acuminate and black punctate-dotted leaves,

and the ochree hypocrateriform, with shorter cilia. The spikes -

are thick and cylindrical, red like those of our Prince’s Feather ;

212 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

flowers rose-tinged ; seeds flattish, almost oval, dark colored, not so

smooth or shining as in P. acuminatum. Many of the stem hairs

are glandular. .

Not only on the banks, but often growing in the water. It was

plentiful in the great laguna.

Muhlenbeckia sagittzefolia, Meisn., D.C. Prod., xiv, 148.

Pileomayo River (1088). May.

A twining plant with glabrous stems and numerous long, loose

spikes of small, greenish-white flowers, the spikes solitary, leafless,

. 6-15 cm. in length. Leaves with small capillary auricles or sub-

hastate at the base, the highest linear, lowest oblong or cordate-

ovate. Style short, trifid; stigmas fimbriate. Fruit glabrous,

obtusely 3-angled. The sepals turn red in fruit.

The plant from which my specimens were gathered was growing

on the top of an old palm stump which stood in the water of the

great laguna on the Pileomayo River, and at its root was nesting a

colony of small red ants. How they got there through such an

expanse of water was a mystery.

Coccoloba Paraguayensis, Lindau in Eng. Bot. Jahr., xiii, 218.

Asuncion (197a). November—April. = Balansa 2000.

My specimens differ a little in some points from those of Balansa

as described by Lindau. A shrub 1-2 m. in height, eanescent; the

branches glabrous, striate, rising at an angle more or less acute.

Leaves of a tawny color, elliptical, coriaceous, entire, obtuse at the

apex, narrowed and subcordate at the base, 5-10 cm. long and 2—4

cm. wide, strongly reticulate-venose, the veins prominent beneath,

the lateral curving just before reaching the margin and running for

some distance along the edge. Petioles about 1 cm. long, glabrous,

canaliculate. Flowers white, alternate, in slender axillary racemes

5-10 cm. long, the rachis angular; pedicels. 14 mm. long. Ochreex

ecaducous. Ochreole scarcely 2 mm. long, lax, cup-shaped, bilobed.

Bracts 1 mm. long, acute, decurrent. Fruit obtusely 3-angled,

conical, truncate at base, 5 mm. long and 5 mm. broad, rather

loosely invested by the persistent sepals. Seeds fuscous, shining,

smooth.

Coccoloba spinescens, Morong, n. sp.

A small tree with silvery gray bark, glabrous, 5-7 m. high, the young

branches striate. Quite thorny, the thorns consisting of the sharp, indurated

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 213

ends of the short branches or branchlets. Branches at right angles to the

stem. Leaves coriaceous, veined and colored like 197a, but sometimes oval

as well as elliptical, small, only 2-24 cm. long and 1-1} cm. broad, rounded

or barely subcordate at the base, obtuse at the apex, on nearly capillary,

downy, plane petioles 2-4 cm. long. Flowers minute, greenish-yellow, alter-

nate, in nearly capillary racemes 3-4 cm. long, the rachis sharply angled,

pedicels 1 mm. long. Ochree caducous. Ochreole and bracts as in no. 197a,

but scarcely $ mm.long. Perianth segments reflexed. Style short, 3-divided,

curling downwards over the ovary: stigmas 3, capitate. Fruit ovoid, attenu-

ate at both ends, 5 mm. long and 3-4 mm. in diameter, obtusely 3-angled, the

persistent enclosing sepals closely appressed. Seeds black, shining.

Deep woods on the banks of the Pileomayo River (882). January.

Coccoloba microphylla, Morong, n. sp.

A small tree, much branched, with dark, rugose bark, 5-8 m. high, glabrous,

the young branches striate and lighter colored. Leaves oblong-elliptical,

coriaceous, glabrous, dark green, obtuse at the apex, narrowed at the base, on

glabrous, canaliculate petioles 5 or 6 mm. long, the blades 3-9 cm. long and

15-23 cm. broad. Flowers white, in axillary racemes 5-8 cm. long, not over

5 mm. high, commonly 2 contained in the same ochreola, mostly crowded on

all sides of the rachis; pedicels 2-3 mm. long. Ochree about 5 mm. long.

Ochreole 3-lobed, 2 mm. long. Bracts obtuse. Styles 3, erect; stigmas 3,

capitate. Fruit ovoid, obtusely 3-angled, 5-8 mm. long.

This, like the preceding species, grows in dense thickets on the

banks of the Pileomayo (899). = Balansa 2059. January.

ARISTOLOCHIACE A.

Aristolochia Giberti, Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 5345.

Near Luque (714). May. ;

A very handsome climbing vine, clambering over trees. The

large round-cordate, glaucous leaves are on petioles 3-5 em. long,

having rounded, foliaceous, sessile stipules in their axils. The

flowers are solitary, conspicuous for their shape and color. The 2

projecting lobes stand out of the inflated body at right angles,

giving the flower the look of a duck or swan swimming in the

water. For this reason it is popularly called patito, or little duck.

Flowers greenish, striped or spotted with purple. The pods are

cylindrical, 4 em. long, 2 cm. in diameter, truncate at both ends,

filled with thin, flat, obovate seeds.

214 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

PIPERACE.

Named by M. Casimir DeCandolle.

Piper fulvescens, C. D.C., ined.

Asuncion (760). June.

A rather succulent, much branched suffruteseent plant, growing

in large clumps in swampy places. Stem glabrous, angular, 1-2 m.

high. The cylindrical spikes are numerous, 5 to 10 cm. long.

Flowers white. Leaves succulent, alternate, broadly cordate-ovate,

abruptly acute at the apex, palmately veined, the blades some of

them 20 cm. long and nearly as broad; petioles 1-5 em. long.

Piper Gaudichaudianum, Kunth., D.C. Prod., xvi, pt. 1, 277.

Asuncion (705). May.

A shrub 3-4 m. high, with greenish, downy, brittle stems, swollen

at the nodes. Leaves minutely pellucid-punctate, lanceolate, obtusely

acuminate, rough on the upper surface, 10-12 cm. long and 4 or 5

em. broad, on sbort thick petioles. The lateral nerves, 3-5 on a

side, arise from the midrib, sunken above and downy and prominent

beneath. The rat-tai]l spikes are 8-10 cm. in length. Flowers

androgynous, the staminate and pistillate mixed in various ways

on the same spike. Woods at Villa Morra near Asuncion.

Piper medium, Jacy., Icon. Rar., i, 2, t. 8.

Asuncion (692). May.

Much like the preceeding species in appearance, but differs in

having broad elliptical leaves, which are 5—7 nerved from the base,

10-12 em. long, 6 or 7 em. broad, and glabrous on both sides.

Spikes thicker. In thickets with no 705.

Feperomia Barbarana, C. D.C., Mem. Soc. Phys., xxvii, t. 11.

Caballero (393). January.

A small, branching, succulent plant, 15-25 cm. high. Spikes of

minute flowers 10-12 em. long. Growing in damp woods.

Peperomia nummularizvfotlia, H. B. K., Nov. Gen., 7, 66.

Caballero (392). January.

A delicate vine, climbing by rootlets upon old trees. Leaves

small, orbicular, 5 mm. in diameter, diapbhanous. Flowers in slen-

der spikes.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 215

Peperomia pseudo-Dindysgulensis, C. D.C., l.c., t. 1.

Pileomayo River (955). March.

A low succulent plant 20-30 cm. high, with downy stems and

leaves. Spikes very slender, 4-8 cm. long, very numerous. This

plant has a white rootstock, fibrously rooting at the joints, and with

buds here and there from which new plants spring, running for a

long distance under the leaves. It grows in deep woods under the

shade of large trees. It differs from the preceding species in having

a thicker and downy stem, elliptical, downy, 3 nerved leaves, slop-

ing at the base, 3-7 cm. long, while no. 393 is smooth throughout,

stems and leaves diaphanous, the leaves rounded and 5 nerved,

14-24 em. long.

Peperomia radicans, C. D.C., l.¢., t. 2.

Pileomayo River (1545). March.

Growing with 955 and much like that. It differs in being much

smaller, the stems rising from an erect rhizome, leaves elliptical or

oval, 14-25 mm. long and 6-12 mm. broad, and with stems and

leaves more densely villous.

LAURINE 4,

Ocotea acutifolia (Nees), Mez., Jahr. Bot. Kon. Bot. Gart. Berl., v, 340.

Near Asuncion (758). June.

A small tree 3-7 m. in height, with grayish bark, glabrous, the

young branches and inflorescence downy, with a yellowish-green

tint. Leaves shining green above, lighter and slightly downy

beneath, entire, elliptical, obtusely pointed at the apex and sloping

at the base into a petiole 12-18 mm. long, the largest blades col-

lected 10-16 cm. long and 4-6 em. broad. Flowers in large, loose

terminal panicles, light yellow, or yellowish-green, fragrant.

Growing by water-courses or in damp woods.

Ocotea laxiflora (Meissn.), Mez., l. c., 370.

Asuncion (152). November.

A shrub 3 or 4 m. in height, with vellowish-green branches.

Flowers much like those of no. 758, but in more branched and

laxer axillary panicles. Leaves glabrous, coriaceous, and shining

as in that, but smaller, oblong-elliptical, the blades 7-10 em. long

‘and 2-2? cm. broad, the lateral nerves scarcely visible. Thickets.

216 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

LORANTHACE#,

Loranthus cordatus, Hoffmans. in Schultes Syst. vii, 128.

Gran Chaco near Asuncion (352). December.

A parasite growing in large bunches upon Pipltadenia rigida,

Benth. Leaves thick, opposite, coriaceous, lanceolate, obtuse, cor-

date-amplexicaul. Flowers in terminal clusters, dark red, tubular,

5 em. long, the tube short, splitting into 6 linear lobes above, at

length much longer than the tube. Stamens 6 on the corolla, and

about as long, and they with the style exserted in anthesis. A

singular and very handsome species. The host is sometimes called

the Timbo, but is not the true Timbo, which is Hnterolobium con-

tortisiliquum.

Phoradendron acinacifolium, Mart. Fl. Bras., v, pt. 2, 117.

Pilecomayo River (1546). March.

A species which is distinguished by its oblong berries, 4-6 mm.

in length. The leaves are obovate or often shaped like a cimeter,

whence the specifie name.

Parasitic on the Quebracho colorado.

Phoradendron Perottetii (D. C.), Hich. in Mart. Fl. Bras., v, pt. 2,

112.

Gran Chaco near Asuncion (3858); Pilcomayo River (954).

December—March.

A large mistletoe which occurs in the Gran Chaco opposite Asun-

cion on Piptadenia and on the Pileomayo River on the Quebracho

colorado. It has very large, thick, elliptical leaves; the flowers

arranged in jointed spikes along the stems.

Phoradendron rubrum (L.), Griseb. Flor. Brit. W. Ind., 314.

Asuncion (618). March.

Found only in fruit. Parasitic on Lyctum Morongw. Leaves

linear-oblanceolate, 3-8 cm. long and 1-14 cm. wide, sessile or

minutely petioled. Berries red, pulpy, mucilaginous.

Phoradendron obovatifolium, Morong, n. sp.

Branches alternate or sometimes opposite, tetragonous, striate, ancipital,

strongly flattened beneath the nodes; older stem becoming free from striae

and more or less terete. Leaves opposite, obovate, sometimes orbicular- -

obovate, rounded, obtuse, and mucronate, sometimes slightly emarginate at

Plants Collected in Paraguay. IIT

the apex, narrowing and with the margins recurved at the base; the blades

12-17 mm. long, 8-15 mm. broad, 3-nerved, the nerves obscure or obsolete

above, the midrib prominent below for the whole length of the blade, and the

lateral nerves distinct or obscure; petiole 1-3 mm. long, ancipital with the

decurrent midrib. Spikes solitary, axillary, 8-12 mm. long, bearing 3-4

verticils of flowers, the flowers 3 or 4 pistillate and 1 or 2 smaller staminate

ina verticil. Berries ovoid, verrucose, about 2mm. long. The cataphyllary

sheaths slightly bifid, the teeth obtuse and ciliolate; bracteal sheaths nearly

or quite truncate, not ciliolate.

This species is apparently closely related to P. Ottonis, Hichler

(Flor. Bras., v, pt. 2,119), but differs from it in several particulars,

and still more from P. emarginatum, Mart., with which Hichler

associates P. Oltonis. |

Growing with no. 358 upon Pipiadenia in the Gran Chaco,

opposite Asuncion (1582). December.

HUPHORBIACE.

Euphorbia heterophylia, L., Sp. Pl., 453.

Pilecomayo River (867 and 1547). January.

Growing on the campo at a wood-cutting station on the lower

Pileomayo, known as Obraje de Pedro Gill. Broad oval-shaped

leaves.

Euphorbia pulcherrima (Graham), Willd.; Boiss. in D.C. Prod.,

Mv pt..2, 1.

Asuncion (742).

This fine plant is cultivated ie gvely in the flower-gardens of

Paraguay. I do not think, however, that it grows wild in the

country. It is a native of Mexico and Central America. It is

conspicuous for the large showy red floral leaves, and sometimes

grows 24m. high. It flowers nearly the entire year round.

Euphorbia serpens, H. B. K., Nov. Gen., ii, 41.

Pilcomayo River (881). January. = Balansa 1686.

Euphorbia thy mifolia, L., Sp. Pl., 454.

Asuncion (64). November.

A small spreading, prostrate plant, growing in grassy grounds.

Leaves opposite, oblong, obtuse, nearly or quite equilateral at the

base, l-nerved, glabrous or puberulent, 5-7 mm. long; petioles

about 1 mm. long. Flowers minute; glands 4, small, concave,

iS }

218 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

stipitate. Capsules pubescent, about 1 mm. long; seeds in my

specimens tetragonous, with even sides and no furrows of any kind.

Euphorbia hypericifolia, L., Sp. Pl., 454.

Asuncion (372); Pileomayo River (932). November—February.

The plants vary considerably. The stems and capsules, generally

glabrous, are sometimes pubescent. Leaves occasionally linear,

faleate, acute and entire, but usually they are well marked, and

the seeds are entirely of this species. The plant often grows in the

streets of Asuncion as well as in the suburbs. On the campo along

the Pilcomayo it sometimes attains a height of 1 or 14 metres.

Phylianthus orbiculatus, L. C. Richard, Act. Soc. Par. 1792, p. 113.

Asuncion (678). April.

Growing in old cultivated fields. Stem erect, slender, 15-20 em.

high. Juice watery, not milky as in Huphorbia. Flowers white,

minute, axillary; pedicels in fruit reflexed and 2 mm. long. Leaves

orbicular, alternate, glabrous, about 1 cm. in diameter. Capsules

depressed-globose, smooth, 6-seeded; seeds pitted on the convex

baek.

Phyllanthus Chacoensis, Morong, n. sp.

A tree 8-12 m. high, with crooked, straggling limbs, which begin near the

ground and are often much crowded and horizontal, 3-4 dm. in diameter at

the base, with much broken, shaggy gray bark; the wood very hard. Leaves

pinnate, with 5 or 6 subopposite leaflets, the leaflets oval or nearly orbicular,

entire, coriaceous, glabrous, shining, slightly cordate at base, 2-7 cm. long and

2-35 cm. wide, nearly sessile. Flowers moncecious, about 2 mm. high, and on

a pedicel of the same length, all on the old wood and appearing before the new

leaves, in very slender racemes, which are usually densely crowded, and from

5to6em.long. Glands of the disk wanting. Perianth segments normally

4, purple and white or sometimes greenish, obovate, fringed at the apex.

Staminate flowers normally with 4 free stamens opposite the segments.

These, however, vary very much, and they and the perianth segments are 4,

6 and 7 in number, the segments separate or sometimes partly united. Pis-

tillate flowers with a 2- or 3-celled ovary, each cell 2-ovuled. Style short,

2-divided, each division splitting into 2-4 stigmas, which curl downwards

over the ovary. Fruit a small bluish, 2-celled drupe, which, when dry, has a

thick corky putamen, oval, 5 or 6 mm. long.

In the Gran Chaco, opposite Asuncion (855). = Balansa 1712,

and Fendler Panama 140 and 3238. September—January.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 219

Jatropha vitifolia, Mill., Dict.

Trinidad (794). October. == Balansa 1720.

Soft stemmed, suffruticose, with copious milky juice, 4-1 m. high.

Stem and lower surface of leaves beset with straight, transparent,

1_2 celled spines, which are about 1 cm. long, pulvinate at the base.

Leaves alternate, palmately 3-5 nerved, the nerves prominent

beneath, 5—7 lobed, the lobes cut-incised and spiny at the apex, on

white spiny petioles 5-8 cm. long, the blades 8-14 cm. long and

about as wide. The upper surface of the leaf smooth, green, white

spotted. Flowers white, tube shorter than the 5 spreading lobes.

At first the perianth is greenish below and spiny, afterwards be-

coming pure white and glabrous, large (2-25 cm high). Stamens

numerous, in a column as if Malvaceous, with several series, one

above the other. Style 2-divided, each division with several thread-

like stigmas. Ovary spiny.

This very spinous plant is rather a dangerous thing to handle,

notwithstanding its clusters of handsome flowers, for its needle-like

spines can inflict a severe and smarting wound.

Jatropha gossypiifolia, L., var. breviloba, Morong, n. var.

Differs from the type as described in Fl. Bras. in having the leaves shortly

3-5 lobed, the ovary and exterior of the perianth lacinie, and all parts of the

plant, including the inflorescence, glabrous.

I append a fuller account of this species than has ever been given.

It is usually a shrub 2-3 m. high, but sometimes when used as a

shade tree, as it often is in Asuncion, it attains a height of 5-7 m.

Leaves broad-ovate or orbicular in outline, palmately veined and

subcordate, acute-aristate at the apex and on the sharp lobes. The

stipules are peculiar, being setose, dichotomously divided, each

branch tipped with a small round gland, often 1 cm. or more in

length. The margins of the leaves, bracts, and laciniz are setace-

ously ciliate and tipped with glands. Flowers in small terminal

cymes, moneecious; staminate flowers with 5 petals yellowish-green

on the margins, brownish-red in the middle, purple-striped below on

the outside, spreading in anthesis, 5 mm. long; stamens 8, united

below, dimorphous, 5 short and 3 long, the shorter ones shedding

their pollen before the others open. Styles 3, united below, persis-

tent, with 3 capitate stigmas. Fruit 14 em. long by 1 em. broad,

truncate at the apex. Seeds flattened-cylindrical, boat-shaped on

one face and angled on the other, glabrous, brownish in color, with

220 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

a large lobed caruncle at the lower end. When cut the stem exudes

a copious watery milk.

One of the most striking plants on the lowlands near the river

at Asuncion (71). November—December. = Balansa 1718.

Croton glandulosus, L., Sp. Pl., Ed. 2, 1425.

Asuncion (118).

Common in waste grounds, and flowering from November to June.

Croton lobatus, L., Sp. Pl., 1005.

Pilcomayo River (939). February.

Herbaceous. Stems glabrous, dichotomously branched, 4—6 dm,

high. Leaves 3-5 lobed. Petioles 1-4 em. long, with numerous

minute glands at the summit.

Croton migrans, Casar., Nov. Stirp. Bras., Dec., 88.

Caballero (518). January. = Balansa 1650.

A shrub about 3 m. high, with dark lepidote stem, much branched.

Leaves scattered, numerous, dark green and glabrous above, silvery

white lepidote below from base to apex, the minute scales dark,

ciliate, with closely appressed, radiating silky white hairs; petioles

3 or 4 mm. long; the blades linear, 25-4 cm. long and 2-4 mm.

wide, keeled beneath, and with no appearance of lateral nerves.

Racemes 2—4 cm. long, mostly staminate above, with 2—4 pistillate

flowers below. Staminate flower 2 mm. high; stamens 9. Pisti-

late flower a little larger; styles 5. Fruit globular, 3 or 4 mm.

long; seeds black, shining, lenticular.

Growing in swampy grounds.

Croton rhamnifolius, H. B. K., Nov. Gen., ii, 75.

Caballero (503). January.

A shrub 3-7 m. high, with a tawny-haired stem. Leaves lanceo-

late, with tawny, stellate tomentum beneath, dark green and soon

glabrate above, the lateral nerves distinct, blades 3-6 cm. long and

1-2 or more cm. wide; petioles 3-5 mm. long. Flowers in terminal

racemes, 5-14 cm. long, the staminate above and pistillate below.

Stamens about 15. Fruit globose, about 5 mm. long, stellate-

tomentulose ; seeds smooth, fuscous, flattish on one side. The

whole inflorescence covered by a hoary, stellate tomentulum, | .

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 2

Croton Urucurana, Baill., Obs. Bot., iv, 325.

Asuncion (218); Villa Rica (612). December—February.

A shrubby plant 1-3 m. high, covered in all its parts, except the

upper surface of the leaves, with stellate, hoary tomentum. Leaves

broadly cordate-ovate, acuminate, entire or minutely and remotely

denticulate, 6-18 cm. long and 4-12 cm. broad at the base; petioles

4-6 cm. in length. Flowers greenish-white, in long (20 or more

cm.) terminal racemes. Stamens upwards of 15, much exserted.

Capsule 44 mm. long and 54 mm. broad, containing 3 shining

black seeds which are angled and furrowed longitudinally on the

sides. The leaves of this plant are strongly aromatic when bruised.

Croton vulnerarius, Baillon, |. c., 328.

Asuncion (1548). June.

A shrub similar to nos. 218 and 612. Leaves not so large, denti-

culate. acemes shorter (10-12 cm.). Seeds very different, being

nearly flat, several ribbed on both sides and yellowish-brown in

color, not shining.

Croton sparsiffiorus, Morong, n. sp.

A low shrub 3-1 m. in height. Stem fuscous, branching irregularly, angu-

lar, lepidote, the scales deeply cut by 15-20 appressed radiating hairs. Leaves

dark green, alternate, ovate-lanceolate, acute at the apex, cuneate at base,

serrate, penni-nerved, smooth above, sparsely lepidote beneath, with 2 patelli-

form glands # mm. broad at the base; blades 3-6 cm. long and 1-3 cm. wide;

petioles 1-2 cm. long. Stipules mere subulate points, caducous. Flowers in

slender terminal racemes, 6-12 cm. long, the flowers continuous, pistillate

below and staminate above, the pistillate much fewer. Staminate flowers

scattered along the rachis, about 2 mm. high, the perianth segments 5, the

outer ovate and glabrous, the iuterior white and smaller, woolly at base inside ;

stamens about 13. Perianth segments of the pistillate flower lanceolate,

ciliate; inner segments none; ovary tomentose; styles 3, each 2-divided.

Capsule angular-globose, 5 or 6 mm. long and 4 mm. broad, sparsely lepidote;

seeds flattened-cylindrical, obtusely 2-angled, with a furrow on one side, trun-

cate at either end, glabrous, slightly mamillate-asperous, shining, 5 mm. long,

the caruncle conspicuous. The young branches and petioles are densely white

lepidote.

This plant is common in the waste grounds and streets of Asun-

cion, and also occurs on the campos along the Pileomayo River.

Asuncion (43); Pilcomayo River (940). November—March.

= Balansa 1732 and Gibert 97.

295

Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Julocroton Gardneri, Muell., Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras., xi, pt. 2, 276.

Asuncion (349); Pileomayo River (1017). December—April.

= Gardner 2724, and Balansa 1646.

Shrubby, 3-1 m. high, glabrous below and stellately pubescent

above and on the branches. Leaves crowded at the summit of the

stem and branches, alternate, subopposite or sometimes in 38s,

obovate, entire, palmately 3-5 nerved, minutely pubescent on both

sides with stellate scales, pellucid-punctate, the largest blades col-

lected 8 cm. long and 5 em. wide; petioles 1-3 cm. long. Stipules

setaceous, hairy. Flowers in dense terminal clusters, sessile, or

the staminate on a short spike and nearly hidden by the crowded

floral leaves. The stem and leaves have a grayish tint.

Julocroton Brittonianum, Morong, n. sp.

A shrub 5-10 dm. high. Stem branched, pubescent below, stellately tomen-

tose above and on the branches. Foliage light colored, with a yellowish tinge.

Leaves alternate or occasionally subopposite, ovate, acute at the apex, obtuse

at the base, 3-5-nerved, serrate towards the apex, pubescent above and stell-

ately tomentose beneath, 3-5 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad; petioles stellately

tomentose, 1-25 cm. long; stipules setaceous, hairy, caducous. Inflorescence

densely tomentose, many of the hairs long and stellately tipped. Flowers in-

conspicuous, in loose terminal clusters, monoecious. Staminate flowers about

3 cm. high; calyx deeply divided, with 5 ovate lobes, on pedicels 2-3 mm.

long; stamens 10, much exserted, densely pilose on the filaments, the alter-

nate filaments with a small strap-shaped petal or petaloid appendage attached

to them on the outside near the base. Pistillate flowers larger, sessile, the

segments of the perianth long, lanceolate; styles long, 3-divided, each division

split into 3 hairy stigmas; ovary large, 3-carpelled; seeds brownish-black

when mature, rough, about 3 mm. long, convex on the back, obtusely angled

on the face, marked by a large white caruncle at the hilum.

Differs from J. Gardneri in being more widely branched, with

lighter colored foliage, smaller and serrate leaves, and otherwise,

and from J. pyenophyllus in having the flowers in loose clusters

instead of dense heads, smaller leaves, as well as in other respects.

Obraje de Pedro Gill, Pileomayo River (864). January.

Julocroton pycnophyllus, Muell. Arg. in D.C., Prod., xv, pt. 2, 706.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (593). January. = Balansa 1665.

A tall, branching, shrubby plant. Stem and branches compressed-

angled, clothed with long ferruginous hairs which are stellate at the

top. Leaves elliptical, undulate, palmately 5-nerved, densely clothed

with ferruginous stellate pubescence on both sides, on petioles 5-10

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 223

mm. long; the blades 7-10 cm. long and 24-4 cm. broad. Floral

leaves linear-lanceolate. Flowers in dense, compact terminal spikes,

which are cylindrical, narrowing at the apex, 3-5 cm. long and 1-2

em. in diameter.

The whole plant has a yellowish appearance.

Argythamnia Montevidensis (Diedr.), Muell. Arg., Linnea, xxxiv,

147.

Pileomayo River (996). April.

A shrub about 4 dm high, with many stems springing from a

procumbent, contorted base. Stem strict, scarcely branched, pubes-

cent with straight, appressed hairs. Leaves alternate, narrow

elliptical, more or less serrulate, with scattered hairs like those of

the stem beneath, 3-5 cm. long and 1—14 broad, sessile or the lowest

on minute petioles. Flowers monecious, the 2 kinds together in

axillary clusters. Inner laciniz of the perianth light yellow. Fruit

a 3-carpelled capsule, the carpels looking like 8 little nuts joined

_ together, 5 mm. broad, about 3 mm. long, villous. Seeds globose,

obtusely 3-angled, a little wrinkled, nearly 3 mm. in diameter.

Caperonia palustris, St. Hil., Pl. Remargq., 245.

Asuncion (382); Pilecomayo River (1047); Caballero .(438).

January—May.

This genus differs principally from the preceding haar

genera in having its fruit in united triplets, the 8 cocci generally

hispid or echinate. The species here noted is a coarse plant 6—9

dm. high, the stems beset with spreading, translucent sete, each

tipped with a minute oblong head. Nos. 382 and 1047 have broad

oval crenate-serrate leaves, while the leaves of 438 are long, narrow

lanceolate and sharply serrate. The last differs so greatly from the

other forms that it might almost be considered a distinct species.

Some specimens of 1047 were distributed as C.. castaneefolia, St

Hil., which very closely resembles this species.

Manihot Aipi, Pohl., Pl. Bras., i, 29.

Asuncion (390).

Cultivated extensively and sometimes spontaneous in Paraguay.

Known as Mandioca dulce, or the sweet or innocuous Manioc.

A shrubby plant with smooth stems and deeply 6-7-parted leaves,

1-15 m. in height. The roots are greatly esteemed as vegetables,

looking when boiled for the table something like parsnips. They

224 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

are also used for feeding cattle. The meal made by grinding them

and drying the pulp, called farina, forms the principal subsistence

of the common people. A delicious bread known as chipa is manu-

factured from it, and it serves as many purposes as wheat flour does

in this country. It may be grown most of the year.

Manihot utilissima, Pohl., 1. c., 32.

Asuncion (391). |

So strongly resembles the preceding species that an unpractised

eye cannot tell them apart. The natives, however, readily distin-

guish them by small differences in color and position of the leaves

on the stem. In properties they are opposites, for the juice of this

species is a deadly poison. It is known as Mandioca brava, and is

cultivated to some extent in Paraguay. When the juice is expressed

from the grated pulp, and that is dried over the fire or in the sun,

it becomes a wholesome article of food. Indeed, some persons

expressed to me a preference for the meal made of this species, but

I never could discover any difference in taste between the two.

Grown the year round.

Bernardia pulichella, Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras., xi, pt. 2; 392.

Caballero (607). January. = Balansa 1688.

A tall shrub or small tree. The fruit as in Caperonia in 3 cocci,

but these are only minutely pubescent. The staminate flowers are

in slender spikes 3-4 cm. long, usually on a different stem or another

part of the stem from the pistillate; stamens 8-12. Pistillate

flowers few or solitary. Leaves elliptical, narrowed at both ends,

sessile, serrate on the upper half, 6-13 cm. long and 2—4 cm. wide,

appressed-pubescent on the nerves beneath.

Acalypha communis, Muell. Arg., Linnea, xxxiv, 23.

Pilcomayo River (1549). February.

Acalypha communis, Muell. Arg., var. hirta, Muell. Arg. in Mart.

Bi Bras., <i pte 2eog0.

Asuncion (189). November.

Suffruticose, usually not quitea metre in height, but sometimes

growing into a shrub 2-25 m. high. A very variable species as to

pubescence, shape of leaves, length of petioles, and thickness of the

spikes. The form growing in old fields and by the wayside at

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 225

Asuncion (var. hirta, Muell. Arg.) has lanceolate leaves, acute at

the apex, rounded or slightly cordate at the base, crenate-serrate,

sparsely pubescent, 5-9 cm. long and 1-2.cm_ broad, on petioles 1-3

em. long; stems covered with long spreading hairs and also a close

retrorse tomentum. The form on the Pileomayo has broad ovate

leaves, cuneate or rounded at base, and petioles sometimes 8 cm.

long; stems with long, scattered, spreading hairs. Staminate spikes

slender, 2-6 cm. long, usually on the stem below the pistillate, both

kinds numerous. Pistillate spikes and flowers much larger than

the staminate. The long exserted, rose-red and thread-like fringed

styles are quite ornamental, and lend a beauty to this rough weed

which it would not otherwise possess.

Acalypha hederacea, Torrey, Bot. Mex. Bound. Survey, 200.

Luque (345). December. = Balansa 1691.

A small creeping plant, occurring among grasses and underbrush.

Leaves ovate or orbicular, 1-15 em. long. Staminate flowers in

long, slender spikes, and the pistillate solitary or 1 or 2 in the axils

of the leaves or at the base of the staminate spikes. In Texas and

Mexico, as well as in Paraguay.

Acalypha ruderalis, Mart.

This was brought back from Kew under the name here given,

but we have been unable to find any work in which it is so named

or cited. |

Caballero (460). January.

Inflorescence as in no. 345, but the stems are erect, 3-44 dm.

high, and the leaves ovate or elliptical, crenate, acute at either end,

pubescent on both sides, 2-6 cm. long and 14-3 cm. wide; petioles

1-14 em. long.

Acalypha agrestis, Morong, n. sp.

'Suffruticose, 3dm. to 1m. in height, the stem and young branches hispid

with spreading hairs mingled with a close tomentum, sulcate and more or

less compressed above. Leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate, rounded and sub-

cordate at base, acuminate at apex, crenate-dentate, 5-7 palmately nerved,

appressed pubescent above, softly villous beneath, the hairs lying along the

nerves in an appressed fringe; blades 6-10 cm. long and 3-54 cm. wide;

petioles hispid, 24 cm. long. Stipules setaceous, hispid, much shorter than

the petioles. Staminate spikes erect, with compactly crowded flowers, axil-

lary, about 2 mm. thick and 3-4 em. long, on short peduncles; floral bracts

Annals N. Y. Acap. Sci., VII, Mar. 1893.—15

226 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

long ciliate; segments of perianth 5, minutely pubescent, not } mm. high.

Pistillate spikes terminal, thicker, 6-8 cm. long; floral bracts 7-8 divided

nearly to the base, glabrous ; perianth segments 3, ovate; ovary tawny-hir-

sute; style parted shortly above the base into 15-18 much exserted purple

threads. Fruit not seen.

A species nearly related to A. communis, Muell. Arg.

Central Paraguay (1578). March.

Ricinus communis, L., Sp. Pl., 1007.

Asuncion (121).

The Castor-oil Bean is very common on the river banks and in

the woods around Asuncion. It frequently grows into a small tree

5 or 6 m. high, and may be found in flower or fruit the greater part

of the year.

Tragia Sellowiana, Muell. Arg., Linnea, xxiv, 178.

Near Asuncion (709). May.

A climbing herb, suffruticose below, with very slender fuscous-

haired stems. Leaves far apart, ovate, cordate, acute, dentate,

palmately nerved, 5-10 cm. long, sparsely white pubescent on both

sides, on petioles 3-6 cm. long. Flowers moneecious, in biparted

racemes, the branches of distinct sexes; the common peduncle

naked. Stipules lanceolate, small. Fruit of 3 silky-haired, globose

cocci; seeds globose, yellow or brownish spotted, nearly 4 mm. in

diameter. In thickets.

Stillingia sylvatica, L., var. Paraguayensis, Morong, n. var.

Varies very decidedly from the Florida form (Chap. Flor., 404). A tree 5-8

m. high. Stem single, alternately branched, with smooth gray bark. Juice

milky. Leaves willowy, alternate, glabrous, lanceolate, acute at either end,

4-10 cm. long, 8-15 mm. wide, crenate-serrulate, the serratures appressed and

ending in a gland, often biglandular at the base of the blade; petioles 5 or 6

mm. long. Stipules very small, ovate, scalelike. Spikes terminal, moneci-

ous, sometimes all staminate, or again with only a few pistillate flowers at the

base, 6-8 cm. long. Glands not cup-shaped at all, but flat, 1-2 mm. wide.

Bracts yellowish-green, broader than long, sometimes fimbriate. Style short;

stigmas 3, longer, curled downwardly, stigmatic on the upper side. Fruit a

large 3-celled capsule, each cell containing a single flattish, black, smooth

seed enveloped in a scarlet pulp, the seed about 5 mm. long.

In flower at Asuncion, October, November; in fruit on the Pileco-

mayo River, January (814). = Balansa 1711.

\ iacns

' Plants Collected in Paraguay. 227

Sapium glandulosum (L.), Morong.

Hippomane glandulosa, L., Sp. Pl., 1191.

Hippomane biglandulosa, L., Sp. Pl., Ed. 2, 1431.

Sapium biglandulosum, Muell. Arg., Linnea, xxxii, 116.

Asuncion (196). November—December.

A tree some 13 or more m. in height, with ashen-gray bark much

roughened and broken into lines on the trunk. The milky juice is

so copious that it is shed all over the ground when the leaves are

bruised by the wind. Leaves willow-like, alternate, the blades deep

green, coriaceous, serrulate, 10-16 cm. long and about 2 cm. wide,

biglandular at the base; on petioles 5-20 mm. long. Stipules small,

round, membranous, with ciliate or jagged edges. Flowers in spikes

at the ends of the branches, small, yellow, moneecious and diccious;

when monecious the pistillate flowers are at the base of the stami-

nate spikes. Staminate flowers with a perianth deeply 2- or 3-

divided, when 2-divided with 2 stamens, when 3-divided with 3

stamens. Fruit a fleshy capsule, 2-celled, containing 2 large seeds.

In fields, suburbs of Asuncion.

Sebastiana brachyclada, Muell. Arg. in D.C. Prod., xv, pt. 2, 1178.

Banks of the Tebicuary River (500). January.

A very leafy shrub about 5 m. high, the short lateral branches

ending in stiff, sharp thorns. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous, obovate,

oval or elliptical, entire or here and there with minute serrulations,

- slightly revolute, the blades 2-45 cm. long and 1-2 ecm. wide, on

petioles about 5 mm. long. Flowers monecious, the staminate

small, yellowish, 1-3 under broad, somewhat dentate bracts, in

spikes 1-2 em. long at or near the ends of short branches. Pistil-

late flowers among the leaves on the stem, solitary or several

together in a cluster, on a peduncle 1-2 cm. long. Capsule pedi-

celled, glabrous, depressed-globose, 3-carpelled, with a thick, hard

shell, about 8 mm. broad; seeds nearly ovoid, glabrous, brownish,

about 4 mm. long, with a small, black, peltate caruncle at the base.

Sebastiana corniculata (Muell. Arg.), Baillon Obs. Bot., 1. c.

Asuncion (154). November. |

Herbaceous, or subligneous at base, much branched, about 6

dm. high. Leaves numerous, alternate, narrowly elliptical, bristly

serrulate, glabrous and silvery dotted above, pubescent beneath,

rounded at base, acute and mucronulate or sometimes obtuse at

apex, 25-4 cm. long and 6-16 mm. broad, on petioles 2-5 mm. long.

Staminate flowers minute, red, distichous, in setaceous spikes along

228 7 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

the stems. Pistillate flowers larger, solitary, near the base of the

staminate spike. Fruit a 3-carpelled capsule 4 mm. long and about

as broad, nearly glabrous, each carpel with 2 minute horns at the

top; seeds flattish, glabrous, dark colored, about 3 mm. long, with

a white peltate caruncle at the base.

Actinostemon Luquense, Morong, n. sp.

An unarmed shrub 3-4 m. in height, with brownish-warty or black-spotted,

fissured bark. Leaves glabrous, elliptical, apparently exstipulate, crenulate-

serrate, the teeth with callous points, furnished with small glands near the

midrib above and with scattered glands beneath, more or less revolute on the

margins, the largest blades collected about 7 cm. long by 3 cm. wide; petioles

5 or 6mm. in length. 'Bracts decurrent, biglandular at the base. Staminate

flowers small, yellow or greenish-yellow, in slender terminal spikes 5-10 cm.

long, 1-3 flowers from a single bract ; calyx of several minute scales or want-

ing; stamens 3-10; anthers broader than long, 2-celled, opening longitudi-

nally. Rachis of the spikes sharply angular, fuscescent. Pistillate flowers

much larger, 1-3 at the base of the spike, apparently without a calyx; ovary

often 3-angled, glabrous, armed about half-way up by several irregularly

dentate and sharp-toothed scales, slightly spreading at the top; styles thick,

connate at the base, 3-divided above, the divisions curling down over the ovary

and longer than that. Fruit a very hard, thick-shelled, glabrous, globose

capsule, 3-carpelled, 7 or 8 mm. long, containing 1 seed in each cell; seeds

glabrous, globose, fuscous, 3 or 4 mm. in diameter, with a small peltate car-

uncle at the base.

Thickets, near Luque (720). May.

URTICACEA.

Celtis Tala, Gill., Ann. Sci. Nat., 1848, p. 410. |

Pileomayo River (1045 and 816). October-May. = Mandon

1096 from Bolivia.

A spiny shrub 38-5 m. or more in height, with smooth, ashen-gray

bark and flexuous branches. Leaves numerous, simple, oval, ser-

rulate near the top, mucronulate, subcordate, the veins white and

prominent beneath, 3-nerved, 3-5 cm. long and 2-3 cm. broad;

petioles 3 or 4mm. long. Flowers white or greenish-white, minute.

Fruit a yellow, pulpy, 1-seeded berry. In thickets.

Trema micrantha (5w.), Blume, Mus. Bot., ii, 58.

Asuncion (213). November—December.

A tree of moderate size. Young branches pubescent. Leaves

in 2 ranks, or nearly so, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate and mucronate,

cordate at base, 3-nerved, serrulate, rough to the touch above and

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 229

soft pubescent beneath, the largest about 10 em. long and 4 cm.

wide, on petioles about 5 mm. long. Flowers greenish, very small,

in short cymes along the branches, polygamous. Fruit a small

yellow l-celled, 1-seeded drupe.

This tree generally grows in open fields, and bears crowded

branches and leaves. It is ungraceful in appearance.

Morus alba, L., Sp. Pl., 986.

Asuncion (787).

One of the many forms of the white mulberry, bearing dark purple

fruit. Nota native of Paraguay, but introduced and growing freely

into a fine large tree. Like most other people, the Paraguayans have

tried experiments in manufacturing silk, and this tree was intro-

duced for the purpose of feeding the silk-worm, but a manufacture

of that kind, even if all the requisite means were easy to be obtained,

would never suit such an indolent, unenterprising race, and the

industry soon perished. Some of the trees, however, are left and

are found here and there in the country. In fruit August.

Ficus Radula (Miq.),.Morong.

Pharmacosycia Radula, Miq. in Hook. Lond. Jour. Bot., vii, 64.

Asuncion (245).

A noble tree, often growing nearly 25 m. in height. Bark gray-

ish, very smooth. Leaves alternate, simple, entire, coriaceous,

glabrous on both sides, oval, entire, the margins slightly revolute,

abruptly acute at the apex, narrowed at the base, the blades 8-18

em. long and 5-8 cm. broad; petioles 14-5 cm. long. Receptacle

on a short peduncle, about the size of a pea, becoming in fruit a

syconium nearly 2 cm. in diameter, and filled with small white

seeds which are marked with a prominent raphe. The wood is

hard, and the whole tree abounds with milk, which often exudes

copiously of its own accord in the hot sunshine. Once when botan-

izing in the woods near Asuncion I heard the pattering of what

seemed to be rain-drops. Surprised at this, as the sun was shining

brightly, I followed the sound, and found that the noise proceeded

from milk-drops, falling one by one from this tree. The ground

was fairly white beneath its boughs. Fruit only found. Decem-

ber—January.

Ficus, Sp.

Asuncion (1550). = Balansa 1986.

Foliage only collected.

230 Planis Collected in Paraguay.

Coilotapalus peltata (L.), Britton.

Cecropia peltata, L., Amoen. Acad., v, 410.

Near Luque (717). May-June.

One of the most striking and beautiful trees in the forests of

Paraguay, the umbrella-like head and the large peltate silvery-lobed

leaves showing finely against the green foliage of its companions.

It has a naked columnar stem, rising to a height of 10-15 m. Leaves

orbicular in outline, 20 cm. or more in breadth, deeply 9-11 lobed,

the lobes green and somewhat rough above, and with a silvery-

white tomentum beneath, on petioles 15-20 em. long. Flowers

dicecious, in cylindrical spikes, sunk in the surface of the rachis; the

pistillate spikes generally 4 on the same peduncle, and about 10 cm.

‘Jong and 1-14 em. thick; the staminate smaller, 10 or more together,

5em. long and 3 or4mm. thick. The large spathe-like stipules which

enclose the buds, also white tomentose, are very conspicuous.

Ants are very fond of the fresh flowers of this tree, and I nearly

always found them running over it in great numbers.

Urtica spathulata, Sm. in Rees Cyc., no. 17.

Buenos Aires (11). October.

I did not see this nettle in Paraguay, but it is very abundant

about Montevideo and Buenos Aires, and doubtless occurs farther

north also. It is a small prostrate or ascending plant, with numer-

ous small orbicular incisely dentate leaves. The prickles are very

numerous and exceedingly irritating, leaving a stinging sensation

which lasts for hours. ,

Urera baccifera (L.), Gaudich. Bot. Voy. d’Uranie, 497.

Near Pirayu (663). April.

A tall, succulent-stemmed shrub, 3-5 m. in height, with a copious

watery milky juice. Leaves very large, round-ovate, slightly cor-

date at base, abruptly acute at the apex, sinuate-dentate, rugose

above, very rugose and veiny below, armed with stinging hairs,

30-40 cm. long and 15-20 em. broad, on armed petioles 10-15 em.

long. Flowers diccious in axillary, widely branching panicles.

Fruit a small, round, watery, white, berry-like utricle, containing

a single flat seed. The stem is armed near the base with short,

broad thorns, and naked to the inflorescence which bears many

small stinging prickles. |

pti avaetes

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 231

Urera Caracasana (Jacq.), Weddell, D.C. Prod., xvi, pt. 1, 89.

Asuncion (120); Pileomayo River (873). November—May.

A climbing shrub, often prostrate or hanging over banks for 2

or more metres. It has arather slender stem, and is armed more

or less on the leaves and inflorescence with small stinging hairs.

Leaves coarse, cordate, ovate, crenate-dentate, 10-15 cm. long and

8-10 cm. broad, on short petioles. Flowers in rather small axillary

cymes. The red berry-like utricles which it bears abundantly are

the most noticeable part of the plant, and are often seen in thickets

or hanging over the banks along the Paraguay River at Asuncion.

Common also on the Pileomayo River, supported by other shrubs.

Parietaria debilis, Forst., Flor. Ins. Austr. Prod., no. 387.

Pileomayo River (1052). June.

Looks much the same as our Southern plant, and found in similar

situations in shady woods.

SALICINE A.

Salix Chilensis, Molina, Sag. Stor. Nat. Chil., i, 169 (1782).

Salix Humboldtiana, Willd., Sp. Pl., iv, 657 (1806).

Asuncion (788); Pilcomayo River (1061). June-September.

This willow is popularly called Sauce real in Paraguay, and

grows from the Amazon to Patagonia on both sides of the Andes.

Generally it is little more than a shrub 5-8 m. in height, but on

the banks of the Pilcomayo, I saw large trees at least 15 m. high.

Leaves linear acuminate, glabrous, the midrib prominent below,

with a fine lateral nerve on each side near the margin, serrulate,

5-14 cm. long and 5 or 6 mm. wide.

HYDROCHARIDE.

Limnobium Sinclairi, Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur, 175.

Ponds near Asuncion Ue slid = Mandon 596a, from Bolivia.

November—Decemher.

A small plant, with round oval leaves, floating on the surface of

_the water. The leaves are covered on the upper surface with rows

of small tubercles.

232 Planis Collected in Paraguay.

ORCHIDE A.

Named by R. A. Rolfe.

PleurothallLis, Sp.

Caballero (394). January.

An epiphyte clinging to the bark of trees. Leaves very thick,

6-8 cm. long and 1-14 cm. broad, somewhat keeled, many-nerved,

black spotted on the upper surface, on jointed petioles rising from

the rootstock, and 10-12 cm. long.

Eulophia maculata, Reichb. f.

Pilcomayo River (968). March.

Scapes stiff, erect, sparsely bracted, 4-5 dm. high, from thick,

white, cottony, granulated roots. Leaves radical, elliptical, very

thick, light green, blotched with deeper green, somewhat channelled

in the centre, spiny pointed, sheathed at the base by several bracts,

the largest over 3 dm. long and about 5 cm. wide. Flowers 2 em.

high, 5-15 in the spike, 1 or 2 spikes springing from the same bract,

1 longer than the other; lip larger than the other segments of the

corolla, with 2 small rounded lobes at its base, the lobes purple-

striped inside and whitish outside, the upper portion curved down-

wards, with 2 spots of reddish-purple inside, whitish outside; spur

curved, clavate. Ovary enlarging to 3 cm. in fruit. In deep, damp

woods.

Catasetum fimbriatum, Lindl.

Pilecomayo River (875). January.

Scapes slender, bracted, 4-5 dm. high. Flowers purple, in a

terminal raceme, each on a bracted pedicel 3 or 4 cm. long, the

perianth 5 or 6 cm. long and 4 or 5 cm, broad; petals and sepals

narrow, oblong, acute, greenish and covered with minute purple

dots, the lateral sepals reflexed; lip large, inflated, expanding into a

broad and fringed apex, which curves over itself; spur large, blunt.

The flower of this orchid is exceedingly interesting in its contri-

vances for securing insectivorous agency in its fertilization. They

are similar to those of a related species described by Darwin in his

Fertilization of Orchids, p. 322. Wet grounds.

Oncidium?

Caballero (397). In fruit January.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 233

Oncidium ?

Caballero (394a); banks of the Tebicuary River (510); Pilco-

mayo River (1551). January.

An epiphyte very common on trees in moist woods in many parts

of Paraguay, throwing up scapes from 10 to 20 cm. high, with

many lateral racemes of flowers. lowers small, purple, sessile.

Found mostly in fruit, Pod oblong, about 5 mm. in length. The

leaves are very thick, elliptical, keeled, 4-12 cm. long and 12-20

mm. broad, many-nerved, acute at either end.

The plant forms large bunches of roots, leaves, and stems on the

trunks and limbs of trees.

Ornithocephalus, Sp.

Caballero (510a). January.

Campylocentrum., Sp.

Pilcomayo River (1552). January.

Common on trees in the Pilcomayo forests. The stems run along

the trunk, throwing out long roots, lateral flowering branches, and

other stems at intervals. Leaves narrow lanceolate, 4—7 cm. long.

Flowers in lateral spikes, 2-ranked, each under a small bract; tke

ovary slender, 6-8 mm. long, surmounted by a purplish perianth

about 2 mm. long, the segments acute; the spur short, blunt, up-

turned. Many of the long white-corticated roots dangle in the air

for 10-18 em., giving a strange, straggling appearance to the plant.

Habenaria Gourlieana, Gill., Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch.

Pilcomayo River (861). January.

Stem 4 or 5 dm. high. Leaves lanceolate, 15-20 cm. long, run-

ning into acute, sheathing bracts above. Flowers pale. yellow,

numerous, in a short raceme at the summit of the stem; ovary very

long and slender; sepals broad ovate; petals much longer, almost

capillary ; lip about as long and narrow as the petals, 3-lobed, the

middle lobe much the longest; spur over 10 cm. in length, clavate

at the tip, the lower end generally hidden under the long, acute

floral bracts. The ovary is about 3 cm. long, and on a pedicel

about the same length. Flowers somewhat nodding, the very nar-

row and projecting petals and lip, together with the extraordinarily

long and slender spur, giving them a peculiar appearance. In moist,

open woods.

234 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

SCITAMINE A.

Named by J. G. Baker.

Maranta arundinacea, L., Sp. Pl., 2.

Caballero (401); Pileomayo River (1553). January.

The well-known Arrowroot, a reed-like plant growing in damp

or marshy open woods. Stems very smooth and glabrous, with

long internodes, widely and dichotomously branching, 5-8 dm. high.

Leaves lanceolate, rounded or slightly cordate at base, acute at apex,

the largest collected 83} dm. long and 7 cm. broad, on sheathing

petioles as long as the blade. Inflorescence much forked. Perianth

with 3 green separate calyx-like outer segments, enclosing a bluish

corolla. Capsule about 1 cm. long, crowned with the persistent

calyx and without corolla. The flowers easily drop off, and it is

hard to preserve them. The root out of which the farinaceous

substance known as Arrowroot is made is a large, hard, somewhat

tuberous rhizome. It is not common enough in Paraguay to be of

much service to the people.

Thalia geniculata, L., Sp. Pl., 1193.

Asuncion (555). February.

Stems reed-like, very smooth and glaucous, about 3 m. high.

Leaves solitary or few, 3-5 dm. long, on long, sheathing petioles.

Flowers in long, lax, terminal panicles, a pair enclosed in a 2-valved

spathe 15-17 mm. long; inner segments of the corolla 1 white and

membranous and longer, and the other 2 red, the 3 outer red; sepals

minute, membranous, very light purple, striped.

Canna glauca, L., Sp. Pl.,1.

Asuncion (378); Pilcomayo River (847 and 1554). December—

May.

No. 378 has deep red flowers, and 847 and 1554 yellow flowers,

as we find them in our flower-gardens. The two are considered as

belonging to the same species, but as I found them growing wild in

Paraguay, I was led to question whether they are identical. They

occur in different localities, never in the same clump. The red-

flowered form usually has smaller flowers, the corolla rarely exceed-

ing 6 cm. in length, while those of the other are sometimes 10 cm.

long; the petals too, as a general rule, are narrower and the floral

bracts larger than in the yellow-flowered form. I found the floral

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 235

bracts of the red-flowered form often broadly obtuse at the apex

and covered with a white mealy or waxy substance, peculiarities

which I never saw in the other. Still these differences may not

hold in other regions. The plants grow both in wet grounds and

on dry banks.

BROMELIACE 4.

Named by J. G. Baker.

-Bromelia Pinguin, L., Sp. Pl., 285.

Asuncion (341). December.

This plant has an immense rosette of numerous spine-tipped

leaves pointing in all directions, and bristling like so many lances,

some of them 14 m. in length, beset down the sides with upwardly

hooked spines, forming a barrier which neither man nor beast

attempts to break through. The central part of this rosette is of a

deep scarlet color, and can be seen from a long distance. Flowers

purplish or bluish, closely arranged about a fleshy caudex, 10-12

em. thick and 15-20 cm. high. Fruit a succulent, edible berry, 3 or

4 cm. long and 2 or 3 cm. in width, looking somewhat like a fig.

The plant is known under the native name Caraguata, and is often

called the wild pine-apple. It is a noted object in Paraguay, as the

leaves have been used time out of mind by the natives for making

fishing-nets and lines, and a coarse, strong cloth is woven out of the

fibres. It has also been used in recent years in the manufacture of

paper. The plants often cover the ground for acres.

Ananas sativus, Lindl., var. microcephalus, Baker, Handb. Bromel.,

23.

Trinidad (831); Pilcomayo River (1555). November—January.

= Balansa 609.

The basal rosette very similar to that of no. 341, but the leaves

are fewer in number, and none of them scarlet colored as in that,

or so long. Flowers on a thick central stem, which is scurfy dotted

below, 38-6 dm. high, bearing smaller leaves like those of the rosette.

Flowers in a thick oval head 8-10 cm. long, each subtended by a

pink-colored, spine-edged bract. Sepals reddish; petals purplish.

The fruit is harsh and unpalatable. This without much doubt is

the original wild form of the cultivated pine-apple. The leaves are —

used like those of no. 341 in textile manufactures. Found in similar

situations as that, but rarer.

236 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

JEchmea bromelizfolia (Rudge), Baker in Benth. and Hook. Gen.

Pl., ili, 664.

Caballero (523). January.

Growing as an epiphyte upon trees in damp woods at Caballero

It is a very large plant, with a rosette of 12-20 silvery-green leaves

at the base, which with the stem reach a height of 1-14 m. Leaves

3 dm. long and 5-8 cm. wide, the margins unarmed, bluntly pointed

at the apex. Peduncle about 3 dm. long. Flowers purplish, in

a cylindrical or somewhat conical spike, 5-8 cm. long and 24 cm.

thick, imbedded in a white cottony tomentum. The peduncle bears

5 or 6 foliaceous, acuminate bracts, 8 or 10 cm. long, which are

somewhat silvery woolly. A striking plant.

JEchmea distichantha, Lem., Jard. Fleur., t. 269.

Asuncion (741); Pileomayo River (1556). February—May.

Leaves 15-20, like those of no. 341 in a large rosette, about 4—5

dm. long and 3-5 cm. broad, armed with sharp, curved, black spines

on the margins and a large straight spine at the apex. Flowers in

a dense oblong panicle 10-18 cm. long, on a bright red peduncle

3-9 dm. high, the 8 sepals red and the 3 petals bright blue, longer

than the sepals. The peduncle is beset with leaves passing upwards

into foliaceous bracts. Fruit a dry, indehiscent, 3-celled berry, con-

taining many small seeds in each cell. This plant occurs abundantly

on porphyritic ledges 2 miles east of Asuncion, and also on the

banks of the Pilcomayo River. Though it is neither epiphytic

nor parasitic, yet it often grows high up on the trunks and limbs

of trees. Like the Bromelia and A’chmea already noted, the leaves

of this species furnish excellent material for textile fabrics and cord-

age. They show, however, none of the scarlet tint by which the

leaves of the former are made so conspicuous.

Villamdsia bryoides, Griseb., Symb. Flor. Arg., 334.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (492); Pilcomayo River (1086).

January. = Balansa 617 a.

A small epiphyte, with densely tufted leafy stems which have the

look of a moss. Leaves linear-subulate, densely scaly. Flowers

small, numerous, racemed, on short scapes, rose colored.

Villandsia dianthoidea, Rossi, Cat. Modoct., 1825, t. 1.

La Plata, Arg. Republic (35). October.

A small epiphyte with lilac flowers, occurring in the Argentine

Republic, but not found in Paraguay by me.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 237

Tillandsia glutinosa, Mart., R. and §., Syst., vii, 1225.

Caballero (513). January.

A fine large epiphyte on trees near the Tebicuarv River at

Caballero. The plant is 1 or 14 m. high; the stem about 12 mm.

thick, clothed with silvery leaves 3-6 dm. in length. Peduncle 4

or 5 dm. long, very branching, covered with bracts 3-5 em. long,

and each flower under a similar bract. Flowers spicate, all erect,

large, yellow. The plant very showy.

Tillandsia Hilaireana, Baker, Handb. Brom., 199.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (493). January.

A beautiful epiphyte about 20 cm. high, with densely tufted,

rigid, channelled, long pointed, silvery, lepidote leaves which are

about 10 cm. long. Flowers spicate, on a scape 10 or 12 cm. high.

Petals red. This occurs with no. 492, but is larger and more showy.

It is also abundant on the Pileomayo River, and our party fre-

quently gathered the flowers, and hung them upon the posts of our

camp and along the cabin sides of our steamer for ornament.

Tillandsia Lorentziama, Griseb., Pl. Lor., 223.

Pilcomayo River (902). April. = Balansa 4744.

A conspicuous epiphyte on the trees along the upper Pilcomayo.

Leaves rigid, coriaceous, 10-20 cm. long, channelled, 2 em. broad

at the base, long acuminate and curling up at the end like a pig’s

tail, striate, densely white lepidote, about 20 on the short, thick

stem. Flowers in lateral spikes on a peduncle nearly 7 dm. in

length. Petals blue and purple striped, rounded and recurved at

the apex, white in the interior of the tube, 24 cm. high and 2 cm.

broad when expanded; calyx, if so called, of 3 reddish parts closely

appressed to the tube of the corolla.

Tillandsia recurvata, L., Sp. Pl., Ed. 2, 410.

Gran Chaco opposite Asuncion (292 b); between Villa Rica and

Hscoba (4924); Pilecomayo River (876 and 1085). January—May.

One of the most common epiphytes growing in Paraguay. It

appears to be very widespread, occurring all the way from Florida

to Chile and the Argentine Republic. It is a small, densely caespi-

tose plant, with subulate, channelled, white lepidote leaves, and

solitary or 1-8 olive-colored flowers on capillary peduncles. It

Sometimes covers the trunks and limbs of trees so densely that the

bark can scarcely be seen.

238 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Tillandsia usneoides, L., Sp. Pl., 287.

Pilcomayo River (886). January—May.

This is common on some parts of the Pileomayo, but not so

abundant nor so luxuriant as in our Southern States. A lichen

growing by its side rivalled it in length.

Tillandsia vermicosa, Baker, Jour. Bot., 1887, p. 241.

Gran Chaco, near Asuncion (554). January.

Leaves in a dense rosette, ensiform, acuminate, 7-20 em. lone,

channelled, pale green, glossy, finely lepidote, very thick and rigid

in texture, the outer spreading widely. Spikes densely crowded on

scapes 15-20 cm. high. Flowers white, or at least the petals.

IRIDE A.

Cypella gracilis (Klatt), Baker, Jour. Lin. Soc., xvi, 129.

Named by J. G. Baker.

Between Trinidad and Asuncion (277). == Balansa 536.

It is difficult to convey any idea of the very irregular and beauti-

ful flower of this little bulbous plant. The outer segments of the

perianth are oblong, about 24 cm. in length, with a basin-shaped

base which is stiffer than the upper part, yellow, slightly purple-

tinged at the base inside. The 3 inner segments are much shorter,

clawed, incurved at the apex in a fold which is rolled inwardly and

pointed, purple blotched. Stamens 38; filaments stout and thick;

anthers black on the cell margins, cohering to the stigma at the top.

Stigmas appendaged much as in Jrzs. Stems slender, about 20-25

cm. high, 2-leaved, and with several acute bracts above. Pedicels

bracted. Flowers spreading when open. Abundant on the campos

northeast of Asuncion.

Sisyrinchium Chilense, Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 2786.

Buenos Aires (13). October.

_I did not see this species in Paraguay, but as it is common in

Chile and about Montevideo and Buenos Aires, it may be looked

for northwards. The stem is glabrous, somewhat stout, 3-4 dm.

high, ancipital. Leaves linear-ensiform, acuminate, 3-10 cm. long.

Flowers several from the same spathe, on capillary pedicels, small,

bluish-purple, with darker purple stripes, the 3 outer segments. with |

5 and the 3 inner with 3 stripes; a yellow eye at base of the corolla

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 239

tube inside. Petals oblong, subspatulate, retuse, mucronate, and

with the ovary and pedicels slightly glandular pubescent.

Sisyrinchium micranthum, Cav., Diss., vi, 144, t. 191, f. 2.

Asuncion (63). October-November. = Balansa 552, 552 a, and

556.

A small species 7-12 em. high, with many stems from the fibrous

roots, very glabrous. Leaves linear ensiform, 3-5 cm. long and

1-2 mm. broad. Perianth 6 mm. long, the segments obtuse and

cuspidate at the apex, yellow, with 3-5 light purple sunken lines

within, and 2 small purple spots at the base. Stamens united for

their whole length, the anthers enclosing the 3 stigmas. Flowers

on capillary pedicels, 3-7 springing from the same spathe. Abund-

ant in grassy plats near the Recolleta Cemetery at Asuncion.

Sisyrinchium vaginatum, Spreng. Syst., i, 166.

Caballero (468). January.

‘Stem very slender, 25-30 cm. high, dichotomously branching,

bearing only sheathing bracts 10-15 mm. long. Spathes 1-flowered.

Flowers yellow, glabrous; pedicels capillary, scarcely as long as the

spathe, glabrous. Among grass on the campo.

AMARYLLIDEA.

Zephyranthes Bakeriana, Morong, n. sp.

A delicate plant rising from an underground tunicated bulb. Bulb ovoid,

13-2 cm. in diameter, the tunics fuscous and the neck 5 mm. long. Scape

and leaves from a pair of membranous radical sheaths, which are fuscous and

warty at the tips. Leaves 1-4, much longer than the scape, produced with

the flowers, linear, 2mm. broad. Scapes 10-12 cm. high, glabrous, slender,

erect or slightly declined. Flowers solitary, large and showy ; tube none or

minute; perianth segments 3-4 cm. long, elliptical, about equal, pointed at

the apex, membranous, yellowish-white, with many purple stripes. Stamens 6,

3 scarcely more than one-half as long as the others ; filaments separate to the

base and epigynous ; anthers versatile, curved upwardly when dry, the cells

confluent. Style longer than the stamens, slightly dilated at the apex and

divided into 3 stigmas. Capsule obovoid, scarcely lobed. Pedicel nearly or

quite'2 cm. long. Spathe about 23 cm. long, tubular in the lower half, the

upper open part bifid.’

.On the Gran Campo, about 5 miles east of Asuncion (254).

December—January.

240 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Fourcroya Cubensis, (Jacq.), Haw., Syn. Pl. Suce., 73.

Asuncion (805).

This Cuban plant is not unfrequent on the borders of gardens and

in hedges at Asuncion, where its tall flower stalks in full blossom

make a great display. It bears a large rosette of rigid green gla-

brous leaves, 30 or more in number and 2 m. or more in length,

margined by large deltoid, hooked spines. The flower stalk is

from 3 to 5 m. high, covered with large, fragrant, bell-like blossoms,

the corolla white externally and greenish inside. It seems to be

propagated exclusively by bulblets, which are large and numerous,

often beginning to sprout while still on the stalk. The fibre, like

that of the Caraguata, is employed in the manufacture of textile

fabrics.

In flower March-April. Bulblets collected in October.

No. 998, from the Pilcomayo River, April 11, 1890, collected only

in fruit, is probably of this order, but is not identified.

DIOSCORE 4.

Dioscorea pedicellata, Morong, n. sp.

Twining over shrubs for 3-6 m. The whole plant very glabrous. Stems

slender, rarely branching, strongly angular. Leaves alternate, entire, cor-

date-ovate, the sinus broad and the lobes rounded, abruptly acute and aristate

at the apex, 7—-9-nerved, the 2 lowest nerves bifid or sometimes trifid, 10-12

em. long and nearly as broad at the base; petioles 4-6 cm. long. Staminate

racemes axillary, 1—2 in an axil, usually simple but sometimes once divided,

7-10 cm. long, the rachis nearly capillary and strongly angular like the stem.

Staminate flowers alternate, solitary, on pedicels 2-5 mm. long, the pedicels

subtended by 1, sometimes 2, or even 3 minute, lanceolate membranaceous

bracts. Perianth about 3 mm. high, the tube not half as long as the lobes,

the lobes oblong, obtuse, greenish-purple in color, spreading open rotately in

anthesis. Stamens 6, of minute, sessile anthers, central in the bottom of the

perianth. Pistillate flowers and fruit not seen.

Deep woods on the banks of the Pilcomayo (975). March.

LILIACEA,

Smilax Assumptionis, A. D.C., Monog. Phan., i, 132.

Lympio (733); Pilecomayo River (1557). January—May. |

A tendril-climber running over trees and shrubs; spines few,

stout and straight. Leaves coriaceous, elliptical-ovate, subcordate,

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 241

obtuse and mucronate at the apex, largest collected 10 cm. long and

4 cm. wide. Staminate flowers greenish-yellow, sometimes brown-

ish-purple, red in the bud. Berries 4 or 5 mm. in diameter, dark

red, on pedicels 5 or 6 mm. long.

Nothoscordum flavescens, Kunth., Enum., iv, 459.

Luque (715).

A small bulbous plant 8-15 cm. high, the bulbs small, ovoid,

deep underground. Leaves narrowly linear, surpassing the scapes,

appearing with the flowers. Flowers in small umbels, 2-5 in an.

umbel, the pedicels unequal, capillary, 10-18 mm. long. Perianth

6-8 mm. higb, with a short tube; the 6 lanceolate lobes somewhat

longer, yellow, l-nerved, the nerve green on the inside and purplish

outside. Spathe white, membranous, tubular below, bifid on the

open portion above, much shorter than the pedicels.

This pretty little flower decorates the sandy campos east of

Asuncion nearly all the year round. |

PONTEDERIACE A.

Pontederia cordata, L., Sp. Pl., 288.

Villa Rica (490); Luque (301); Pilcomayo River (1040). Decem-

ber—May.

As common in water and miry places throughout Paraguay as

in the United States. Called Aguapi in the native tongue.

Piaropus crassipes (Mart.), Britton.

Pontederia crassipes, Mart., Nov. Gen., i, 9, t. 4.

Fichorma crassipes, Solms-Laubach in D.C. Mon. Phan., iv, 527.

Trinidad (265). December—January.

A showy aquatic common in pools near Asuncion and other parts

of Paraguay. <A long running stem rooting in the mud throws up

at intervals leaves or scapes. Sometimes a set of leaves and a scape

grow erect from a large body of fibrillate roots. Leaves of a firm

texture, like those of Pontederia cordata, various in shape, broadly

obovate or subreniform, sloping abruptly into the petiole, or occa-

sionally subcordate, the blades 3-5 em. long, 35-6 cm. broad; peti-

oles 6-20 em. long, frequently with an oval inflated sac near the

middle, or plane for their whole length, sheathing at the base.

Scape somewhat longer than the leaves, with a foliaceous bract

Annas N. Y. Acap. Sci., VIL, Mar. 1893.—16

242 Plants Coliected in Paraguay.

just under the flowers. Flowers large, spicate, 5-15 on the spike.

Perianth with a closed, slightly recurved tube about 2 cm. long,

6-lobed, the lobes as long as the tube, of a fine bluish-purple tint,

rounded or obovate, the 3 exterior somewhat larger, the uppermost

marked by a round yellow eye in the centre; 3 of the stamens

longer than the other 8, inserted near the sinuses of the lobes;

anthers dark blue. Style longer than the stamens in all the speci-

mens that I collected; stigma capitate, hairy. Glandular on the

perianth lobes and also on the tube, style, and filaments. This

plant is popularly known as Aguapi, and also as Camalote, names

which appear to be applied indiscriminately to all the species of

Hichornia and Pontederia in Paraguay.

Some of this was distributed as HL. azurea.

Piaropus azureus (Sw.), Raf. Fl. Tell., Part 2, 81.

Fichornia azurea, Kunth., Enum., iv, 129.

Pilcomayo River (859 and 964). March.

Heteranthera reniformis, R. and P., Fl. Peruv., 43.

Asuncion (320). December.

XY RIDE A.

Named by Mr. Heinrich Ries.

Xyris tortula, Mart., Flora, xxiv, Bibl. 2, p. 55.

Caballero (520). January.

A species about 3 dm. high, with slender terete, twisted scapes

and small, ovoid, 6-10 flowered heads. Leaves about half as long

as the seapes, twisted spirally, rigid, erect, suleate, 1 mm. or less

in width. Scapes and leaves rising from a compact, dense tuft of

black bracts.

Xyris communis, Kunth., Enum., iv, 12.

Luque (329). December. = Balansa 562 a.

Scape 3 to 6 dm. high, slightly 2-winged above, l-angled below,

a little rough on the angles and wings. Heads somewhat conical,

14-13 cm. long and 1 cm. broad. Scales orbicular, obtuse, fuscous

on the edges and with a cinereous rasped space in the centre near

the apex. Lateral sepals with showy fringes on the keels. Leaves

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 243

one-third as long as the scapes, 5—7 mm. wide, bluntly acute, many

and irregularly nerved. Wet grounds.

Seubert in FI. Bras., ili, pt. 1, p. 220, regards this as only a

variety (v. procera) of no. 582.

Xyris laxifolia, Mart., Flora, 1. c.

Villa Rica (582). January. = Balansa 563.

Similar to no. 329, but with more numerous and larger leaves,

at least in the specimens collected. Scapes 6-8 dm. high. Heads

conical, 14-2 em. long. Leaves 5-15 mm. broad. Superficies of

scapes and leaves often marked with purple-fuscous lineole. Grow-

ing in bogs. The probability is that both this and no, 329 are forms

of X. communis, Kunth.

MAYACACE A.

Mayaca Sellowiana, Kunth., Enum., iv, 32.

Villa Rica (498). January. = Balansa 2364.

With erect stem, 3-6 cm. high. Peduncles capillary, 1-3 cm.

long. Flowers solitary, rose-colored. Leaves 3 or 4 mm. long,

almost setaceous. Capsules 6-seeded. In bogs.

COMMELINACE 4.

Commelina platyphylla, Seub., var. Balansai, Clarke in D.C.,

Monog. Phan., iii, 177.

Asuncion (239). December—_January. = Balansa 593.

A branching herbaceous plant, 8-20 cm. high, with pure white

flowers, Stems angular, somewhat compressed above, more or less

pubescent. Leaves numerous, somewhat crowded, oblong, usually

obtuse, amplexicaul, the lowest often eared at the base, 4-10 cm.

long and 1-2 cm. broad. Spathes 1-2 cm. long, complicate, obtuse,

sometimes 38cm. or more broad. Varies from the type in having

obtuse leaves and oblong seeds. Common in shady places along

the railway track.

Commelina Virginica, L., Sp. Pl., Ed. 2, 61.

Asuncion (54). November—January.

244 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Tradescantia Fluminensis, Vell., Flor. Flum., 140, t. 152.

Buenos Aires (15). October.

I collected this plant at Buenos Aires, but it also occurs in

Paraguay. Stems decumbent, much branched, sulcate, compressed,

glabrous, 4 or 5 dm. high. Leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, acumi-

nate, 3-5 cm. long. Sepals scabrous-pubescent, or glabrous on the

back. Flowers white.

Tradescantia glandulosa, Seub. in Mart. Fl. Bras., iii, pt. 1, 253.

Asuncion (261). December.

A small plant with striate, glabrous, or glandular-pubescent

stems, 15-45 dm. high. Leaves elliptical, mucronate, with long

white cilize at the amplexicaul base, and glandular ciliate above,

3-5 cm. long and 2-8 em. broad. Flowers very small, in umbellate

clusters at the summit of the stems and branches, the sepals and

pedicels glandular hairy. Flowers about 3 mm. high, the petals

white, the sepals greenish. When fresh the stems are a little succu-

lent and nearly or quite terete, becoming angular and compressed

in drying. In shady or moist grounds.

PALM Ai.

Acrocomia sclerocarpa, Mart., Palm. Bras., 66, t. 56 et 57.

Asuncion (2338).

One of the most common palms in Paraguay, popularly called

Coco. It is a monecious tree growing 8-12 m. high, armed on

the trunk with many rows of long spines (some of them 10 cm.),

which, as the tree ages fall off, often leaving the trunk nearly bare.

The fronds are pinnate, from 1 to 15 m. long; pinne green, coria-

ceous, in 2 opposite rows, 1-2 cm. apart, 3-4 dm. long and about

14 cm. wide; rachis triangular, armed with sharp spines 2—4 cm.

long. Staminate flowers in numerous long aments or spikes above;

pistillate few, sessile at the base of the branches; spathe single,

long, and husk-like. Drupe globular, 3 cm. or more in diameter,

surrounded by a thin separable rind, inside of which is a soft yel-

low, edible pulp; seed an exceedingly hard nut containing an edible

meat which tastes like that of the cocoanut.

This is a valuable tree, the nuts yielding an excellent oil, and the

meat forming a favorite article of food among the Paraguayans.

Piles of the extracted kernels are offered for sale in the Asuncion

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 245

market; and many mills for expressing the oil are seen in the

country. The pinne are used as in many other palms in the

manufacture of hats, chair bottoms, and other domestic articles.

Flowering in October and November ; fruiting in December and

January.

Cocos australis, Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm., iii, 289.

Asuncion (233 a). 7

Equally common with no. 233, and popularly known as the

Pindo, but entirely unarmed. It resembles the Coco in height

and general appearance, but has longer drooping fronds, and is

altogether a handsomer tree. Fruit smaller, oblong-ellipsoidal, 2-24

em. long and about 14 cm. in diameter, with a fibrous husk on the

outside and a hard, crustaceous nut within, the kernel tasting like

the meat of the cocoanut. The nuts yield oil equal to that of no.

233, but are rarely used for that purpose. It makes a beautiful

shade tree and is a great ornament in parks and gardens. The

fronds are largely used in the decoration of dwelling-houses and

churches on festive occasions. On Palm Sunday crowds may be

met on the streets bearing the green fronds in their hands.

Flowers in January; fruit May—July.

Phoenix dactylifera, L., Sp. Pl., 1188.

Near Trinidad (803).

The Date Palm is occasionally seen in cultivated grounds around

Asuncion, but although it seems to grow vigorously, it never, so

far as I know, perfects its fruit. In flower October.

Copernicia cerifera, Mart., Orbig., 41, t. 1, f. 3.

Pilcomayo River (1073).

Commonly known in Paraguay as Palma negra, and in Brazil

as Caranda. This tree abounds in great numbers along the banks

of the Pileomayo River and throughout the Gran Chaco. It has

a straight slender trunk 10-15 m. high, 12-13 cm. in diameter.

When young the stem is covered below with the bases of the

petioles, but these fall off at maturity leaving the trunk bare and

smooth. Wood black, dense, and hard, forming a valuable timber,

which is used all over Paraguay for roof timbers and fence posts.

Leaves erect, plaited, fan-shaped, the surface covered with a whitish

waxy substance, which is scraped off and made into the well-known

246 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Carnauba wax. The leaves are 7 or 8 dm. in length and about as

broad, split nearly to the middle into slender rays, on stout hemi-

spherical petioles armed with strong straight or hooked spines.

Flowers small, white, in large, branching panicles, the staminate

above and the pistillate below. Drupe ellipsoidal, pointed at the

base, about 14 cm. long and 1 cm. in diameter, smooth and olive

colored at maturity. |

This is considered with good reason one of the most valuable

trees in Paraguay. Not only does it furnish strong, durable tim-

ber and wax, but its berries are eaten by the Indians, the tender

vertex of the caudex makes an admirable cabbage, and its leaves

are emploved for various purposes, such as thatching, making fans,

straw-braid, thread, fishing-lines, cordage, and the like.

In flower January; fruit April—May.

Copernicia alba, Morong, n. sp.

This palm is very similar in general appearance to C. cerifera, but is quite

distinct in several characters. Stem low, frequently not over 3 m. high, and

seldom reaching a height of 10 m., the diameter 15-18 cm., clothed nearly to

the summit of the trunk with the bases of the old leaf stalks. The head is

much larger than that of C. cerifera, containing many more leaves. In the

inflorescence the two do not vary essentially, except that C. alba has a more

densely woolly tomentum on the flowers and rachis. The flowers are smaller,

and the floral bracts much longer and more acute. The fruit of this species

is obtuse at the base, that of C. cerifera distinctly pointed, in other respects

the same. In the wood of the two lies the principal difference, and this is

very striking. The wood of C. cerifera has a very close, compact grain,

making a solid log, when first cut slighthy brown, afterwards becoming black,

and hence called Palma negra; that of C. alba soft and spongy, very loose and

cellular in grain, and absolutely unfit for timber, white in color and hence

popularly known as Palma blanca. The roots of the two exhibit a structural

difference as remarkable as that of the stems. The brown wrinkly cuticle

of Palma negra encloses a thick, very dark colored, loosely cellular cortex, a

separable heart wood of parenchymatous tissue and minute, black woody

bundles pressed compactly together, entirely without open spaces or air-cells.

In Palma blanca, the cuticle is whitish in color and smooth, the cortex thick,

friable and yellowish in color, while the heart wood is composed of white paren-

céhymatous tissue penetrated by many large open spaces or air-cells.. Nothing

shows the difference between the white and black palms more perfectly than

this structural dissimilarity.

Common with no. 1073 on the banks of the Pileomayo Sha

Flower January; fruit April-May.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 247

Copernicia rubra, Morong, n. sp.

Intermediate in characters between C. cerifera and C. alba, but decidedly

different from both. Stem 10-13 m. high, and 18 cm. or more in diameter,

clothed nearly to the top of the trunk with the bases of the old leaf stalks,

never smooth as in C. cerifera, and always much thicker. The head is large

and rotund in outline like that of C. alba. The inflorescence is very similar

to that of the other two species, except that the tomentum is of a more rusty

tinge. The drupes are larger and globular or slightly oval in shape, obtuse

at both ends, instead of being ellipsoidal as in the others. The wood is reddish-

colored, and more compact than in C. alba, but never hard and solid as in

C. cerifera, hence popularly known as Palma colorada. It is seldom used as

timber.

The peons of our party distinguished these 3 species of palms at

a glance, though they were mingled in the groves upon the banks

of the Pileomayo. Palma negra, however, is much the most nume-

rous, P. colorada being rather rare.

Pilcomayo River (1078); Central Paraguay (738). Flower

January; fruit April-May.

TYPHACEA.

‘Typha angustifolia, L., Sp. Pl., 971.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (532); Pilcomayo River (1025).

_ January—May.

No. 1025 has unusually broad leaves for the species, being from

14 to 2cm. wide. The spikes in some cases are 2 cm. in diameter

and 9 dm. in length, the pistillate and staminate flowers occupying

nearly equal spaces on the rachis. This was growing in vast num-

bers in the great laguna on the Pileomayo River, and was one of

the weeds which so densely choked the stream that we were unable

to force our boats through. aN,

AROIDE A.

Pistia Stratiotes, L., Sp. Pl., 963.

Asuncion (180). November—December.

The form called by Engler in Flor. Bras. cuneata, with obversely

triangular leaves, rounded and commonly emarginate at the apex.

Common in pools about Asuncion.

248 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Xanthosoma Riedelianum, Schott., Gist. Bot. Zeit., 1865, p.33. Hx

descr. :

Luque (294). December.

Named by N. E. Brown.

A large showy bog plant 6-9 dm. high. Leaves light green, the

blades somewhat panduriform and sagittate, 4-5 dm. long and 1-2

dm. broad, obtusely pointed, the basal lobes about 3 as long as the

leaf and rounded, the sinus usually broad; primary lateral nerves

5—T, curving into a common marginal nerve, which runs at unequal

distances from the margin. Petiole rounded below and flat above,

much longer than the blagle. Flowers solitary, on scapes shorter

than the leaves; spathe 25 cm. long, the lower part greenish and

convolute, the upper half spreading open and pure white; spadix

one-half or two-thirds as long as the spathe, the pistillate flowers

at the base, occupying about one-quarter of the length, the perfect

staminate flowers at the apex, and a space of abortive staminate

flowers between the two. The flowers reminded me of our common

house Calla when I first looked at them, though not spreading open

so widely, and the spadix being slate-colored instead of golden. In

miry bogs or water at Luque.

LEMNACE i.

Lemna minor, L., Sp. Pl., 970.

Pools in the vicinity of Asuncion (1558).

ALISMACEA.

Sagittaria Montevidensis, C. and §., Linnea, ii, 156.

Asuncion (177). November—January.

The common Sagittaria of southern South America. It resem-

bles our S. sagittzfolia in habit and aspect, but is at once distin-

guished by the deep purple spot at the base of the flower inside.

The leaves are almost as variable as those of our species, but are

sometimes enormously large. I met with specimens I-14 m. high,

having leaves 6 dm. or more in length and as broad at the base.

The spikes are sometimes 5 dm. long, bearing 12-15 verticils of

flowers. Pistillate flowers in 2 or 3 verticils at the base of the

spike, with shorter and much thicker peduncles than the staminate,

recurved in fruit. Veins of the leaves prominent and often rough.

with erect glands. In water or miry bogs.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 249

Echinodorus grandiflorus (C. and §.), Mich. in D.C. Monog. Phan.,

iii, 57.

Caballero (508); Pileomayo River (853). December—January.

A bog plant with scapes 7-9 dm. high, striate, rough with glan-

dular tubercles. Leaves ovate or oval, cordate, obtuse at the apex,

prominently 9- or 10-nerved, glabrous, largest about 15 cm. long

and 138 broad, on petioles similar to the scapes, 20-30 em. long.

Flowers white, in 8-10 remote whorls, 5-7 in the whorl; the 8 ex-

terior bracts separate, many and strongly nerved, ending in a long

subulate summit, as long as or longer than the pedicels. Pedicels

10-15 em. long. MRootstock creeping; roots fibrous. A very vari-

able plant as to size, smoothness, and number of verticils.

No. 508 was collected in dry and rather dusty ground near the

railway track at Caballero, and 853 in pools between Paragua and

Luque.

Echinodorus subalatus (Mart.), Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub., 218. Ex

descr.

Pileomayo River (1039). May.

Growing in water in the great laguna on the Pilcomayo River.

Scapes 6 dm. to 1 m. or more high, striate and with 3 sharp angles,

which become subulate among the inflorescence. Inflorescence sim-

ple or branching below. Flowers 4—7 in a verticil; the 3 exterior

bracts slightly coalescent below, lanceolate, ending in a long subu-

late point, longer than the pedicels. Pedicels 5-10 cm. long. Sepals

with a broad membranous margin. Petals white, obtuse at the

apex, 2-3 cm. in diameter when expanded. Stamens about 20, at

length contorted. Leaves elliptical, glabrous, attenuated at either

end, 3-7 nerved, 10-25 em. long and 4-8 cm. broad, marked by

pellucid lineole, which are often obscure or obsolete. Petioles

angled like the scapes, and nearly as long, the strie when young

sometimes minutely glandular pubescent. Rootstock thick and

hard, with many long fibrous roots, the rootlets often bearing

many small white tubers.

Limnocharis nymphoides (Willd.), Mich., 1. c., 91.

Trinidad (266). December—February.

_ An aquatic with very beautiful light yellow flowers, but so deli-

cate are the petals that I never succeeded in preserving any in the

dried specimens. Flowers solitary, on a long scape rising from a

250 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

joint of the rhizome. Sepals 3, green, oblong, one-half as long as

the petals. Petals broad and obtuse at the apex, cuneate at the

base, 3 cm. long, with a darker yellow tint at the base inside.

Stamens numerous in several series, very dark purple; anthers

black-purple. Styles 6, enlarged at base, whitish below, black-

purple above; stigmas 2-lobed. Leaves on a long petiole similar

to the scape, the blade nearly orbicular, entire, subcordate or slop-

ing into the petiole, 3-6 cm. in diameter. The plant has a long

rootstock running in the mud beneath the water or floating, rooting

at the nodes and throwing up flower stems and leaves from the

joints, growing in shallow pools 3-4 dm. deep. Juice milky.

NATADACH AL.

Lilza subulata, H. and B., Pl. Mq., 1, 221.

Buenos Aires (20). October.

Ruppia maritima, L., Sp. Pl., 127.

Pileomayo River (903). January—February.

Abundant in the bed of the upper Pilcomayo on a sandy mud

bottom, in brackish water, the plant 6—9 dm. long.

ERIOCA ULE.

Dupatya caulescens (Poir.), Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl., 745.

Luque (331). December. |

Stem 3-5 em. high, from the summit of which numerous scapes

spring, 3-10 cm. high. Scapes 3 ribbed, glabrous. Leaves rather

loose, linear, 14-2 cm. long, 2-4 mm. broad, acuminate or slightly

mucronate, when young puberulent, glabrescent with age. Heads

about 4 mm. in diameter. Involucral bracts and the segments of the

outer perianth glabrous, acute, silvery-white. Sheaths about as

long as the leaves, obliquely fissured.

This little plant grows in miry places, not very common. It is

the only one of the order that I found in Paraguay, though many

others must occur along the northern borders of the country.

Plants Collected in Paraguay.

CYPERACE 4.

Cyperus bromoides, Link., Jahrb., iii, 85.

Between Escoba and Caballero (416). January.

Cyperus Balansz, Maury, Mem. Soc. Phys. Gen., xxxi, 130, t. 39.

Named by C. B. Clarke.

Central Paraguay (1560).

Stout, 1 m. high; stems triquetrous, glabrous. Umbels simple.

Heads sessile or on rays 2-7 cm. long. A tall, conspicuous marsh

sedge.

Cyperus cinereus, Maury, |. c., 127, t. 361.

Caballero (433). January.

Cyperus Concepcionis, Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum., pt. 2, 42.

Caballero (565). January. Named by C. B. Clarke.

Cyperus elegans, L., Sp. Pl., 68.

Luque (297 b). December.

Cyperus esculentus, L., Sp. Pl., 67.

Gran Chaco (1561). October.

Common in wet cultivated fields.

Cyperus flavus (Vahl.), Beckl., Linnea, xxxvi, 384.

Asuncion (123); Caballero (123b); Villa Rica (578). January.

Cyperus ferax, Rich., Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Par., i, 106.

Asuncion (243). December.

Cyperus giganteus, Rottb., Gram., 38?

Asuncion (353 and 562). December.

A very conspicuous species with stout, terete, leafless stems 2-3

m. in height. Flowers in a dense, compound, leafy head at the

summit of the stem, 3 or 4 dm. high, spreading as widely. Primary

rays 40-50 or more, 10-20 cm. long, triquetrous, glabrous, the

secondary 1-2 cm. in length. Spikes narrow, flat, 2-3 cm. long,

and 5 mm. wide, 3 or 4 small flowers in a spikelet, all much over-

topped by the long acuminate, erect bracts. Involucral bracts 5-15

mm. broad at the base, not sheathing, erect, 3-34 dm. long, striate,

252 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

rough on the margins, tapering to an acuminate point; involucels

narrower, about one-half as long. Sheaths of the rays about 3 cm.

long, reddish at the apex, obliquely fissured. The spikes are almost

buried out of sight among the bracts, which look like a broom.

The two numbers referred to this may represent different species,

and I am uncertain whether either of them is the true C. giganteus,

Rottb.

Cyperus Haspan, L., Sp. Pl., 66.

Villa Rica (580); Luque (297a). December—January.

Cyperus Jenmani, C. B. Clarke, ined.

Pilcomayo River (1069). January-April. = Spruce 6418.

Named by C. B. Clarke.

An elegant species with slender, glabrous, triquetrous stems 43-6

dm. high, many from the same root. Flowers straw-colored, in

compound umbels. Spikes 5-18 in a cluster, flat, 1-2 cm. long,

sessile or on rays 2-10 cm. long and raylets 4-5 mm. long, 10—30

flowers in a spike. Involucral bracts not sheathing, narrow, rough

on the margins, tapering to a long acuminate point, 1 or 2 of them

much longer than the flowers, in some cases nearly half as long as

the stems.

This very strongly resembles C. Capitinduensis, Maury, |. c., 129,

t. 38.

Cyperus Luzule, Rottb., Gram., i, t. 13, f. 2.

Asuncion (244). December. Collected also at Cordoba by Hie-

ronymus,.

Cyperus nodosus, Willd., Enum,, i, 72.

Asuncion (364). December—January.

Stem. slender, rather weak, obscurely triquetrous, glabrous, with

2 or 8 short sheathing leaves near the base, 6—64 dm. high, from a

hard tuberous rootstock. Flowers in loose simple umbels, the rays

filiform, unequal, 1-4 cm. long. Spikes 3-7, linear, unequal, 1-24

em. long, 10-30 flowered. Fruit chestnut-colored.

Cyperus Olfersianus, Kunth., Enum,, ii, 10.

Asuncion (86 and 567). November.

Plants Collected in. Paraguay. 253

Cyperus polystachyus, Rottb., Descrip. Icon., 39, t. 2, f. 1.

Asuncion (84a, 84b, and 566). December.

Cyperus prolixus, H. B. K., Nov. Gen., i, 206.

Caballero (432). January.

Stems stout, triquetrous, rough near the bracts, 3-4 dm. high,

branching at the summit into a long decompound umbel. Rays

triquetrous, 8-10 or more, 12-24 em. long, and again branching

into 2-6 raylets, which are 6-10 cm. long. Flowers in densely

erowded panicles. Spikelets loosely 5- or 6-flowered, on bracted

pedicels 2 or 3 mm. long, the rachis flexuous. Glumes 5—8-nerved

on the back, membranous on the margins, 3-4 mm. long. Involucral

bracts foliaceous, not sheathing, 7 or more, 1 or 2 of them longer

than the inflorescence; involucels shorter than the raylets. The

plant forms a very large, widely spreading inflorescence.

Cyperus radiatus, Vahl., Enum, ii, 369.

Pilcomayo River (1068). January—April.

Stems several, glabrous, striate, triquetrous below, compressed

above, 6-7 dm. high. Leaves nearly or quite as long as the stems.

Inflorescence in simple umbels, the spikes numerous and crowded,

radiating from the summit of the rays. Rays unequal. Spikes

somewhat cylindrical, 14-2 cm. long. Spikelets 2-3 mm. long,

10—14-flowered, on peduncles of about the same length; flowers

minute, crowded, the glumes squarrosely spreading. Bracts numer-

ous, foliaceous, much longer than the flowers. Stems and leaves

straw-colored when dry, and the flowers yellowish-green.

Cyperus Surinamensis, Rottb., Descrip. Icon., 35, t. 6, f. 5.

Asuncion (2444 and 564); Pilecomayo River (1562). December-—

January.

Cyperus, Sp.

Central Paraguay (83).

Related to C. Surinamensis and C. Luzulx. Appears to be the

same as a plant collected by Schweinitz in Surinam.

Kyllingia odorata, Vahl., Enum., ii, 289.

Asuncion (60). November.

254 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Kyllingia obtusata, Presl, Reliq. Henck., i, 183.

Asuncion (95a). November.

Eleocharis acicularis (L.), R. and §., Syst. Veg., ii, 154.

Asuncion (87). November. Named by C. B. Clarke.

Eleocharis capitata (Willd.), R., Br. Prod. Flor. Nov. Holl., 225.

Asuncion (87a). November.

Eleocharis geniculata (L.), R. and §S., l. c., 224.

Pileomayo River (862 and 1036). January—May.

An elegant species, 1-14 m. high, with many stout stems from the

same root, the sheaths at the base red, and the pure white feathery

looking heads 2-4 cm. long. This forms a conspicuous object among

the grasses which choke the waters of the great laguna.

Eleocharis mutata (L.), R. and §., 1. ¢., 155.

Luque (298); Villa Rica (499). December—January.

Eleocharis nodulosa (Roth.), Schultes, Mant., ii, 87.

Luque (298b); Pilcomayo River (1084). December—January.

Eleocharis sulcata (Roth.), Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras., i, 98.

Asuncion (249). December. Named by C. B. Clarke.

Dichromena Ciliata, Vahl, Enum., ii, 240.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (474). January.

Fimbristylis capillaris (L.), A. Gray, Man. Ed. v, 567.

Asuncion (94b and 130); Caballero (130b, 561, and 568). Novem-

ber—January.

Fimbristylis complanata (Retz.), Link, Hort., ii, 292.

Asuncion (94); Luque (296). December.

Stems 3-6 dm. high. Leaves and bracts sheathing, some of them

half as long as the stem, 3-5 mm. broad, Umbels 2 or 3 times

compound. Wet grounds.

Fimbristylis diphylia (Retz.), Vahl, |. c., 289.

Luque (2994); Caballero (299b). December—January.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 255

Fimbristylis monostachya (L.), Hassk. Pl. Jav. Rar., 61.

Gran Chaco (863). January—March.

Fimbristylis squarrosa, Vahl, 1. c., 289.

Asuncion (357); Pilecomayo River (879). January.

Scirpus Cubensis, Pepp. and Kunth, in Kunth Enum., ii, 172.

Asuhcion (563). December.

Scirpus robustus, Pursh., Fl. Am. Sept., i, 56.

Pilcomayo River (927). February.

Fuirena incompleta, Nees, Mart. Fl. Bras., ii, 107.

Luque (328). December.

A tall species. Stem simple, soft, triquetrous, 44-6 dm. high,

sheathed by 3 or 4leaves. Leaves keeled, revolute on the margins,

with a closed sheath which has a membranous ligule at its top that

throws the blade nearly at right angles to the stem. Flower heads

in clusters, which are sessile or in umbels. Scales 3-nerved below

the awn. Wet grounds.

Platylepis Brasiliensis, Kunth, 1. c., 269.

Asuncion (95). November—January.

A genus not found in our country. It is distinguished by having

terminal spikes, and the stipitate flowers and fruit enclosed in a flat

or triquetrous scale which exceeds the glumes, and the absence of

sete. The species here noted is a small, slender plant 15-20 cm.

high, with the narrowly linear leaves crowded at the base and

shorter than the culms. Spikes closely crowded.in a globose or

ovoid head, 7-10 cm. long, subtended by 2 spreading bracts much

longer than the head. Scale compressed, broadly and membra-

nously winged, tipped with an awn about one-third of its length.

Nutlet dark, oblong, slightly angled on one side, tipped with the

remains of the style, 1 mm. long.

This little plant, with its small white heads, dots the grass lands

about Asuncion and Villa Rica in large numbers.

Rynchospora Amazonica, Pepp. and Kunth, in Kunth Enum., ii,

292.

Near Lympio (1564); Caballero (1563). January-May. Named

by C. B. Clarke.

256 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

With slender stems 2-6 dm. high. Spikelets in lateral axillary

clusters on long peduncles, or in terminal long peduncled panicles,

3-5 in a cluster, ovoid. Glumes chestnut-colored. Radical leaves

one-third as long as the stem or shorter.

Rynchospora corymbosa (L.), Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci.,

xi, 54.

Villa Rica (559). January. ‘

Stems triquetrous, 20 cm. or more in height, having at the stm-

mit a large, loosely spreading 2 or 3 times compound panicle of

spikelets, twice as long as the stem and spreading for 25 or 30 cm.

This is composed of 2 or 3 fascicles of umbels 4—6 cm. apart; the

uppermost the largest, its rays 10-15 em. in length; raylets 3-5

em. long, and often again divided into shorter branches. Fascicles

subtended by 1-4 foliaceous bracts, 1 of them 10-40 cm. long.

Spikelets 2 or 3 in a cluster, at the ends of the ultimate divisions.

Glumes chestnut-colored. A very striking plant. In wet places.

Rynchospora glauea, Vahl, l. c., 233.

Luque (300). December. Named by C. B. Clarke.

Rynchospora scaberrima, Beck., Fl., 1860, p. 452.

Luque (311); Gran Chaco (1565). December—February. Named

by C. B. Clarke.

Spikelets in several compound umbelled fascicles along the stem,

the uppermost largest, all with numerous umbels, and subtended

by foliaceous bracts much larger than the flowers. Leaves firm,

8-13 mm. wide and longer than the culm, very rough. A coarse

species with rough, triquetrous stems 3-12 dm. high. Spikelets

narrow lanceolate, acute, 3-5 mm. long, 3-12 or more in a cluster,

dark chestnut-colored.

Rynchospora tenuis, Link, Jahrb., iii, 76.

Luque (1566). December. 3

Rynchospora Urbani, Beckl., Cyp. Nov., i, 26.

Luque (560). December. Named by C. B. Clarke.

Scleria hirtella, Sw., Fl. Ind. Occ., i, 93.

Caballero (424). January.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 25

Scleria pratensis, Lindl. in Nees, l. ¢., 179, t. 23.

Asuncion (246). Named by C. B. Clarke.

Culms 5-7 dm. high, triquetrous, rough on the angles. Stem

leaves 8-30 cm. in length, long-sheathed, 3-nerved, 5-8 mm. wide.

Flowers shortly pedicelled, on long, branching peduncles, the stami-

nate and pistillate in separate spikelets. Glumes grayish margined,

with a dark chestnut centre, broad-ovate, mucronate. Nutlets

globose, white and shining, 2 or 3 mm. in diameter.

Wet places at Asuncion, Villa Rica, and in the Chaco opposite

Asuncion.

Carex Bonariensis, Desf. in Poir. Lam. Encyc. Supp., ili, 250.

Pilcomayo River (1076). February. Named by L. H. Bailey.

With very long weak culms, often recurving or nearly reclined,

rough on the angles, 3-5 dm. high. Leaves nearly as long as the

culms, 1-3 mm. wide. Spikes 2 or 3, closely crowded in small

terminal heads.

In the woods and among grass on the campo.

Carex involucrata, Boott, [lus. Car., ii, 77, t. 210. »

Luque (316). December. Named by L. H. Bailey.

The spikes 3 or 4, disposed as in no. 1076. Culm a little stouter

and not so high as in that. Leaves as long as or longer than the

eulm, 2-4 mm. broad. In dry grounds, old fields, among grass.

Common at Luque and Trinidad. ‘These 2 carices are the only

species which I found growing in Paraguay.

GRAMINEA.

Paspalum barbigerum, Kunth, Gram., i, 24.

Pilcomayo River (962). March.

Paspalum conjugatum, Berg, Act. Helv., vii, 129, t. 8.

Asuncion (247). December.

Paspaium distichum, L. Syst., Ed. 10.

Asuncion (548); Trinidad (1567). November—December.

Paspalum erianthum, Nees, Agrost. Bras., 38.

Gran Chaco near Asuncion (557 a).

Annas N. Y. Acap. Scr., VII, April, 1893.—17

258 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Paspalum fasciculatum, Willd. in Fligge, Mon., 69.

Gran Chaco near Asuncion (535). December—January.

Culms tall and stout, growing 1-4} m. high. It has a long tough

root, and is very difficult to eradicate in clearing fields. It is, how-

ever, valued as a pasturage grass when young.

Paspalum inzquivalve, Raddi, Agrost. Bras., 28.

Asuncion (248). December. = Fr. Miller no. 72.

This species spreads over the ground in long running culms,

sometimes forming mats, throwing up erect or ascending stems

here and there which are 15-25 cm. high. Spikes few, short, and

some distance apart. It occurs in shady places or wet grounds.

Paspalum intermedium, Munro in Herb. Kew.

Pilecomayo River (1019). May.

Culms stout, glabrous, 1-14 m. high. Spikes in a long (15-25

em), closely crowded, terminal raceme, purplish in color, 2-6 em.

long. Leaves nearly as long as the culm, sharply keeled, rough on

the margins, covered with a mealy granulation when fresh. Com-

mon in clumps on the campos along the Pileomayo River.

Paspalum lividum, Trin., ex Schl., Linnea, xxvi, 383.

Pilcomayo River (1584). January.

Paspalum ovatum, Nees, l. c., 43.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (549). January. = Balansa 110.

Paspalum paniculatum, L., Sp. Pl., Ed. 2, 81.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (553). January.

Paspalum plicatulum, Mx., Fl. Bor. Am., i, 45.

Near Asuncion (1580). December.

Paspalum repens, Berg, Act. Helv., vii, t. 7.

Asuncion (282). November.

An aquatic grass, creeping by running rootstocks on the bottom,

and sending up many floating stems. The sheaths are inflated and

seem to act as floats. Spikes narrowly linear, terminal. Cattle are

so fond of this grass that they will wade far into the water to get

a bite of it.

Paspalum simplex, Morong, n. sp.

Culm slender, simple, 7-10 dm. high, striate, glabrous. Sheaths glabrous,

open, and with long silky hairs at the mouth. Blade of the leaf linear,

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 259

glabrous, rough on the margins, tapering to a long acuminate point, 12-30

em. long, 2-5 mm. broad; ligule short, fuscescent. Spikes 4-10 at the sum-

mit of the culm, linear, 3 or 4 cm. long, scarcely 2 mm. broad, with long

silky hairs at the base; rachis glabrous. Spikelets 2 mm. long, on minute

pedicels. Empty glume only 1, strongly 3-nerved, boat-shaped, as long as

the flowering glume, translucent; flowering glume 3-nerved. Grain slightly

rough under the lens.

Pilecomayo River (1585). February.

Paspalum virgatum, L., Sp. Pl., Ed. 2, $1.

Caballero (516); Asuncion (557); Pilcomayo River (969).

January—J une.

This grass in Paraguay grows sometimes nearly 2 m. in height.

It has a stout stem and long, broad leaves. On account of their

- sharp cutting edge the people call it Paja corta dura, or grass that

cuts. It is largely used for thatching houses, and I was told that

if well laid it would shed the rain perfectly and last ten years.

Eriochioa punctata (Lam.), Hamilt., Prod., 5.

Asuncion (283); Pilecomayo River (971). December—March.

Panicum amplexicaule, Rudge, Pl. Guian., i, 21, t. 27.

Luque (541); Pileomayo River (1030). December—May.

Growing in miry places or in water. Culms glabrous. Stem

leaves amplexicaul, 1-8 cm. broad at the base, 14-30 cm. long,

tapering to a sharp acuminate point. In young plants before the

culms appear the leaves sheath each other at the base. Panicle

narrow, of many densely flowered spikes, the spikes cylindrical,

some of them 20 cm. or more in length, the panicle 30 cm. or more

long. Glumes strongly rough-awnéd, and rough on the mid-nerve.

Panicum auriculatum, Willd. in Spreng. Syst., i, 322.

Caballero (515); Asuncion (693). January—May.

No. 515 is referred here with hesitation. No. 693 = Balansa 114.

Growing in miry places or in water, stout, 1-1} m. high. Stem

leaves short, auriculate, and very broad (sometimes 4 cm.) at the

base. Panicle close, 3-5 cm. broad and 24-4 dm. long, composed

of many rather loosely flowered cylindrical spikes 2-10 cm. long.

Panicum capillare, L., Sp. Pl., 58.

Pileomayo River (1568). February.

260 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Panicum chioroticum, Nees, in Trin. Diss., ii, 236.

Named by N. EH. Brown.

Pilcomayo River (1002). April.

Some of this was distributed as P. elephantipes, Trin.

An aquatic species, with floating culms 2-3 m. Sometimes nearly

5 m. in length. Stem leaves 13-25 cm. long. Panicle widely

spreading, 2-5 dm. long, the branches rising singly or 2-3 from

the main rachis, and 15-25 em. long, many forked. Spikelets much

scattered, solitary, on short pedicels along the ultimate branches.

It was mainly owing to this grass that we could not get our little

steamer through the great laguna on the Pilcomayo, and so were

compelled to abandon our voyage and return to Asuncion. It

choked the channel of the river with an impenetrable mass of vege-

tation.

Panicum Crus-Galli, L., Sp. Pl., 56.

Pilcomayo River (963); Asuncion (743 and 539). January—May.

Panicum demiissum, Trin., Sp. Gram., t. 319.

Caballero (519). January.

A small grass with very slender erect or nearly prostrate stems

8-12 cm. high. Leaves 1—2em. long, lanceolate, acute. Spikelets —

in a loose, spreading, terminal panicle 14-3 cm. long, each on a

pedicel 3-7 mm. long.

Panicum glutinosum, Sw., Prod., 24.

Caballero (405a). January. = Balansa 1.

Apparently so named because the roots are tubercled and glutin-

ous, causing the sandy soil in which the plant grows to adhere to

them. The inflorescence and general appearance of the plant much

like those of our P. virgatum. This, however, grows in shady

woods. |

Panicum insulare (L.), Meyer, Fl. Hpeeee Os

P. leucopheeum, H. B. K., i, 97.

Asuncion (176); Pileomayo River (983). November—A pril.

Panicum latifolium, L., Sp. Pl., 58.

Asuncion (755, 780, and 641); Pileomayo River (1569). January— _

April.

This is a very different plant from the species commonly called

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 261

P. latifolium in this country, which should be P. Walteri, Poir.

It is really a cane, often growing 38 or 4 m. high, the culm with

hollow joints, glabrous, and nearly as thick as the thumb, with a

dark ring at the joints, leaning downwards at the summit. Leaves

rounded and with a tuft of silky hairs at the junction with the

sheath, lanceolate, long acuminate, 6-15 cm. long, 1-3 cm. broad

in the middle, more or less pubescent on the blade and sheaths.

Panicle with divergent lateral branches, 5-20 cm. long. Spikelets

solitary on short pedicels, 3 or 4 mm. long, the lower empty glume

half as long as the upper, puffed outwardly as if inflated, 5-nerved,

the upper as large as the flowering glume, 5—7-nerved, both glumes

with a tuft of down at the apex. The fruit when ripe becomes

perfectly black, very smooth and shining, and dropping off at a

| 5)

touch. A striking plant, occurring usually in swampy thickets.

Panicum laxum, 6w., Prod., 23.

Gran Chaco near Asuncion (537); Pileomayo River(977). March.

A delicate weak-culmed grass 1-14 m. high. Panicle loose, 25

em. or more in length. Spikelets hardly 1 mm. in length, loosely

strung along the capillary rachis; the glumes whitish; pedicels

hardly 1 mm. long. Wet places in woods.

Panicum megiston, Schultes, Mant., ii, 248.

Gran Chaco near Asuncion (813); Pilcomayo River (1072).

October—J une.

A fine grass, growing with stout, glabrous culms, 1-1} m. high.

Stem leaves 10-15 cm. long, 18-28 mm. broad, tapering to a sharp

acuminate apex, sparsely hairy and rough on the sheaths with

minute tubercles. Panicle 3-4 dm. long, 5-18 simple, drooping

branches rising together in whorls from the main rachis and 10-12

em. in length. Spikelets solitary or 2 or 3 together, about 3 mm.

long, sessile or on minute pedicels, strung along on the rachis at

some distance from each other. Upper empty glume as large as the

flowering glume, strongly 5—T-nerved. Occurs in deep woods or on

their borders, and forms a most excellent pasturage grass for cattle.

Panicum Numidianum, Lam., Encyc., 49.

P. barbinode, Trin., Act. Petrop., 1835, p. 256.

Asuncion (779 a).

This species is more common in Brazil than in Paraguay. It is

cultivated in fields at Asuncion under the name Paja Angora,

262 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Angora grass, and used as green fodder for horses. In good soil

it yields fine crops, being cut down in sections as wanted, and

growing all the year round. It attains a height of 1-14 m., and is

softly pubescent, the panicle 8-20 cm. long and mostly glabrous.

Panicum paucispicatum, Morong, n. sp.

Culm geniculate, striate, pubescent, especially on the branches, 2-6 dm.

high. Branches spreading. Sheaths striate, downy, marked with a dark

ring at the top. Blade of the leaf lanceolate, acute, or acuminate, cordate

and amplexicaul at the base, ciliate, pubescent, many nerved, 4-7 cm. long,

9-18 mm. broad at the base; ligule short, fimbriate. Spikes few and dis-

tant, 2-4 cm. long; rachis triquetrous, the angles sharp, very downy. Pedi-

cels with a ring of projecting hairs just under the spikelets. Spikelets about

8mm. long; empty glumes downy, pointed, strongly 3—7-nerved, the lowest

half as long as the flower. Sterile flower hyaline, nerved. Flowering glume

tipped with a sharp awn-like projection which is 1 mm. long.

Similar in appearance to P. zizanioides, but differing from that

in its marked pubescence, the size and numbers of the spikelets,

number of nerves on the glumes, and especially in the peculiar pro-

jection at the apex of the flowering glume.

Wet grounds in the Chaco opposite Asuncion (1573). January.

Panicum polygonatum, Schrad. in Schultes, Mant., ii, 256?

Pilcomayo River (1574).

Panicum Potamium, Trin., Diss., ii, 239.

Caballero (441); Luque (534). December—January.

Panicum proliferum, Lam., Encyc., iv, 747.

Caballero (543). January.

Panicum recaivum, Kunth, Gram., i, 39.

Pilcomayo River (1570). June. = Balansa 144.

Panicum rivulare, Trinv., Diss., ii, 213.

Caballero (517); Pilcomayo River (5174). January.

A tall coarse grass, growing in bogs at Caballero. Also collected

at the ford on the Tebicuary River on the road between Villa Rica

and Escoba. Culm 14-2 m. high, glabrous. Panicle large, louse,

and spreading, 34-84 dm. long, 15-20 cm. broad. Spikelets small,

crowded on the branches of the panicle. Leaves 6-10 cm. or more—

in length, with a very rough cutting edge, tapering to an extremely

long acuminate point.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 263

Panicum sanguinale, L., Sp. Pl., 57.

Asuncion (558). November—January.

Panicum spectabile, Nees, Agrost. Bras., 262.

Pileomayo River (1070). April. == Balansa 156.

Growing in water. A thick culmed grass, 4 or 5 dm. high.

Leaves rough on the edges with minute bristles and sometimes

with small tubercles also, 3-5 dm. long and 1-2 em. broad, the

uppermost much longer than the panicle. Panicle close, 15 cm.

long and 24cm. broad. Spikes simple, erect, disposed alternately

around the rachis, about 3 cm. long. Main rachis strongly angled,

hispid with short hairs, and with longer ones just under the spikes.

Spikelets 5 or 6 mm. long, sessile, disposed closely and in several

rows about the rachis of the spike. Flowering glume 5—T-nerved,

with a long hispid awn, and hispid on the nerves.

Panicum sulcatum, Aubl., Pl. Guian., i, 50.

Caballero (444); Pileomayo River (1572). January—February.

Culms terete, pubescent, sulcate, 1-14 m. high. Leaves, especi-

ally on young plants, very beautiful, being nearly glabrous, strongly

striate longitudinally or even plicate, 3-6 dm. long and 24-5 cm.

broad in the middle, the blades bright green in color; sheaths

downy, with long white hairs in a tuft at the summit and along the

margins. Spikes in a close panicle 3-4 dm. long, very bristly with

- upwardly barbed setze 1-2 cm. long which rise from the base of the

pedicels.

Panicum trichanthum, Nees, Agr. Bras., 210.

Named by N. E. Brown.

Luque (317); Pileomayo River (1571). December—January.

= Balansa 46 and 46a.

Panicum vestitum, Kunth, Gram., i, 39.

Between Villa Rica and Hscoba (552). January.

Cespitose. Stems strict, 2-3 dm. high; panicle short; the glumes

3-4 mm. long, clothed with long silky hairs. Rising from a hard,

somewhat tuberous base, and fibrous roots. Leaves narrowly

linear, half as long as the culm; the culm mostly naked.

On the open campo between Villa Rica and Hscoba.

264 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Panicum virgatum, L., Sp. Pl., 59.

Caballero (405); Gran Chaco near Asuncion (538). January.

Panicum zizanioides, H. B. K., Nov. Gen., i, 100.

Gran Chaco near Asuncion (5386); Pilcomayo River (1001).

January—April.

Grows in masses along the edges of water-courses, in the water

and on the banks. It is an open, spreading plant, creeping at the

base, 3-8 dm. high. Leaves 7-13 em. long, amplexicaul at the

base of the blade. Panicle 10-13 cm. long, with several, unequal,

nearly erect spikes. Spikelets scattered along the rachis, usually

2 together, 1 on a pedicel 1 mm. long, and the other on a pedicel 5

mm.long. Lowest glume 3 as long as the spikelet, 3- or obscurely

5-nerved, infolding the spikelet at the base. All the glumes gla-

brous. Whole plant glabrous except on the margins of the leaf

sheaths. |

Panicum, sp.

Caballero (521). January.

Oplismenus setarius (Lam.), R. &&., Syst. Veg., ii, 481.

Asuncion (248 a); Luque (315). December.

Chameeraphis caudatus (Lam.), Britton.

Panicum caudatum, Lam., Encycl., iv, 2.

Pileomayo River (1575). January—February.

Cespitose. Culms numerous from a hard base, strict, slender,

angular, mostly glabrous. Leaves narrowly linear, glabrous, revo-

lute, nearly as long as the culms. Panicle spiciform, simple or sub- _

simple, 4-8 cm. long. Spikelets whitish, 2 mm. long. Longest

sete about 1 cm.

In hard soil on the campos of the Pileomayo River.

Chameeraphis glauca (L.), Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl., 767.

Near Asuncion (540). December—April.

Chamezeraphis Italica (L.), Kuntze, 1. c.?

Asuncion (207). November—December.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 265

Chamezraphis setosa (Sw.), Kuntze, 1. c., 768.

Setaria macrostachya, H. B. K., Nov. Gen., i, 110.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (546); Asuncion (658); Pirayu

(673); Pilcomayo River (1574). January-April.

A grass striking in appearance and of common occurrence in

Paraguay. The culms are sometimes nearly 3 m. high, and the

leaves 30-45 cm. long and 2-3 ecm. broad, strongly sulcate, almost

plicate. Panicle 20-30 cm. long and 3-4 cm. broad, branches sin-

gle, 1-14 em. long, the inflorescence looking as though it were all

bristles. Sete very numerous, 1-2} cm. long. Spikelets 2-25 mm.

long.

Chameeraphis paucifolia, Morong, n. sp.

Culm terete, glabrous or slightly rough, striate or nearly smooth, 1-2 m.

high, with a dark ring at the nodes; internodes 15-25 cm. long. Leaves few,

striate, with the sheaths minutely rough, nearly as long as the stem, revolute,

running toa long acuminate point. Ligule reduced to delicate white hairs.

Panicle terminal, spiciform, densely cylindrical, 10—20 cm. or more in length,

and about 1 cm. wide, on naked peduncles 3-5 dm. long. Spikelets sessile or

on minute pedicels, on the rachis or on very short lateral branches, closely

crowded, glabrous, about 3 mm. long, acute, slightly recurved and spreading.

Empty glumes white, the lowest about 1 mm. long, the second a little longer,

5-nerved, both barely pointed and having a curiously puffed appearance.

The flowering glume as long as the flower, acute, 5-nerved, whitish. Palea

wrinkled transversely, very thick and hard, purplish when mature. Sete

1 or 2 under each spikelet, 10-12 mm. long. This plant usually grows in

tufts. The culms are often branched below, and the branches flower-bearing.

On the campo at Caballero (418), and on the Pilcomayo River

(982). January—April.

Cenchrus echinatus, L., Sp. Pl., Ed. 2, 1150.

Asuncion (96). November.

Cenchrus myosuroides, H. B. K., Nov. Gen., i, 115.

Asuncion (214). November—December.

A fearful thing to encounter when the burs are ripe, as the plant

is nearly as high as one’s head, and the thickly crowded spike is

sometimes 25 cm. long. I have had my clothes so completely

covered with the burs that it took me nearly an hour to pick them off.

Old fields in the vicinity of Asuncion.

266 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Pennisetum purpurascens, H. B. K., Nov. Gen., i, 113.

Pilcomayo River (1576). March—April.

A handsome species. Culms sometimes 1 cm. in diameter at the

base, hard and hollow-jointed like a cane, glabrous, and as much

as 3m. in height. Leaves numerous, 3-5 dm. long, 1—2 cm. broad.

Spikes often reddish or purple in color, sometimes 25 cm. or more

in length, frequently recurved. Spikelets densely crowded. Sete

very numerous, 10-15 mm. long.

Pennisetum setosum (Sw.), L., in Pers. Syn., i, 72?

Asuncion (208a); Pilcomayo River (991). February—April.

A fine grass, much valued for pasturage when young. Culms

1-24 m. high. Inflorescence in a long, plumose spike (15-25 cm.),

which has arich yellow or purplish tint, frequently recurved. Spike

1-1} cm. wide. Similar to no. 1576, but much more graceful, and

with shorter and narrower spikes. It presents a beautiful appear-

ance when standing on the banks of the Pileomayo River, where it

is very common.

This was first determined and distributed as P. Siebert, Kunth.

Olyra paucifiora, Sw., Fl. Ind. Occ., i, 125.

Caballero (505). January.

A genus of grasses with 1-flowered, monecious spikelets, the

staminate in the lower part of the panicle, or rarely in a distinet

panicle, and with a single glume. Pistillate flowers 3-glumed. The

species here noted is, according to Swartz, an inhabitant of the

island of Jamaica. It has a culm 2 or 3 dm. high. Leaves ovate,

acute, rounded or truncate at base, 4-6 cm. long and 24-3 em. broad

at the base, on a minute pedicel, the sheaths closely involute. Pani-

cle 6-8 cm. loug, the branches in verticils of 6-10, the lowest 4 as

long as the panicle. Glumes aristate. Leaves very green, striate,

' glabrous, shining on the upper surface.

Pharus lIatifolius, L., Sp. Pl., Ed. 2, 1408.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (449). January—March.

This seems to be the plant described in Chap. Fl. Supp., p. 661, but

it certainly is not aquatic as he declares his plants to be, as it grows

in the woods, often in very dry woods. It occurs abundantly in

the monte on the banks of the Pilcomayo, as well as in Central

Paraguay. The panicle is small, not over 10 cm. long, the branches

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 267

widely spreading. It is a bad thing to handle, as the fruit-bearing

glume is densely covered with small hooked hairs, and the fruit

adheres to everything it touches, even to the drying-paper, so that

it is very difficult to preserve complete specimens.

Tripsacum dactyloides, L., Sp. Pl., Ed. 2, 1378.

Pirayu (675). April.

Luziola Peruviana, Pers., Syn., ii, 575.

Asuncion (195). November.

Luziolia Spruceana, Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras., ii, pt. 2, 18.

Near Asuncion (556). February. = Spruce 536.

An aquatic with long sheathing leaves, the sheaths much inflated,

and the leaves much longer than the culms. Monecious. Stami-

nate panicle terminal, 5-6 cm. long, loose and spreading, on culms

almost filamentous, about 20 cm. long. Pistillate panicle below,

much larger, the branches setaceous, dichotomous.

Oryza latifolia, Desv., Journ. Bot., 1813, 77.

Pilecomayo River (949). February.

An aquatic occurring in pools in deep woods on the Pilcomayo

River. Culms 14-2 m. high. Leaves 3-34 dm. long, 14-4 cm.

broad at the base, midnerve white and prominent, dark purple at

the junction of blade and sheath, otherwise green, rough on the

margins, otherwise glabrous; sheaths 20-25 cm. long, closely in-

vesting the culm. Panicle 25 cm. long, composed of simple erect

branches 8-10 cm. long, rising 1-4 together from the rachis, with a

tuft of silky hairs at the base of each cluster. Spikelets white, 6 or

Tmm. long; empty glumes subulate, 3 mm. long; flowering glume

keeled and laterally 2-nerved. Keel and nerves green, hispid, with

a very long hispid awn; palet similar, apiculate.

Arundinella Martinicensis, Trin., Diss., ii, 62.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (544). January.

A strong, rank grass 3-9 dm. high, with rigid revolute acuminate

leaves 2-3 dm. long. Panicle close, 2-34 dm. in length, 3-5 cm.

wide, the branches 6-12 cm. long. Spikes crowded. Spikelets gemi-

nate, on unequal pedicels, 3 mm. long, 1-flowered; upper empty

glume longer than the lower and longer than the flower, 5-nerved,

keeled, slightly recurved. Palet with a tuft of hairs at the base,

268 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

awned, the awn delicate, bent at the summit, the lower half chest-

nut-colored like the palet, and white above.

On the campos between Villa Rica and Hscoba.

Saccharum Cayennense (Beauv.), Benth., Jour. Linn. Soc., xix, 66.

Between Caballero and Escoba (417). January.

Culms stout, 13-24 m. high, yellowish, shining, glabrous, except

at the joints, which are enclosed in a ring of long white hairs.

Leaves linear, 2-3 cm. long, 6—8 mm. wide, fuscous pubescent on

both sides, strongly nerved, midnerve large, becoming 5 or 6 cm.

long above. Sheaths longer than the blades, pubescent above.

Panicle spiciform, nearly cylindrical, interrupted, 10-25 cm. long,

about 2 cm. wide. Branches 1-2 cm. or less in length, glomerate,

densely crowded, solitary or 1-3 branched, the racemes subglobose.

Spikelets about 4 mm. long. Glumes 4, the outer one oblong,

white, shining, coriaceous, densely ciliate at the base and apex and

on the margins with rufous hairs longer than the spikelet, indis-

tinctly 38—4-nerved near the apex; the other glumes chartaceous

and smaller, the second slightly pilose. One of the most interest-

ing grasses in Paraguay. The long, fluffy, bronze-colored, soft and

velvety haired panicle is exceedingly beautiful. In bogs near the

railroad track between Escoba and Caballero.

Saccharum holcoides (Nees), Hack. in Mart. Fl. Bras., ii, pt. 3, 254.

Luque (327). December.

This species differs from the preceding more in habit than in the

floral characters. Culms slender, glabrous, fringed with a ring of

white hairs at the joints, about 6 dm. high, with 2 or 3 nodes.

Leaves shorter than the culm, glabrous, except on the upper mar-

gins of the sheath, revolute. Panicle flattish, not cylindrical, 8-12

em. long; branches 2-3 cm. long, simple or nearly so, spreading.

Spikelets 4 mm. long, ciliate with bronze-colored hairs like no. 417,

but the hairs not so dense and shorter than the spikelet. Outer

glume bare of hairs on the back, pointed and minutely bidenticulate

at the apex, with 4 green nerves which run the whole length of the

glume. Near wet rocks with the water dripping upon it from above.

Some of this was distributed as S. Cayennense.

Pappophorum macrostachyum, Schrad. in Schultes Mant., ii,

342.

Pilcomayo River (1071). April.

Culms stout, sulcate, glabrous, 10-15 dm. high. Leaves 44-17

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 269

dm. long, glabrous, sulcate, the margins setulose-rough; sheaths

glabrous or a little pilose at the mouth, as long as the blades;

nodes 2 or 8. Panicle at first enclosed in a foliaceous bract as long

as itself, the largest 8 dm. long and 6 cm. broad, tapering to an

acuminate apex, more or less nodding ; branches very numerous and

crowded, simple or compound. The 2 lower glumes silvery-white,

papyraceous, l-nerved, 3 or 4 mm. long, api@ulate, much surpassed

by the setz of the palets. Lower palet divided into about 13 sete.

Caryopsis elliptical. A fine grass, the long silvery-white panicles

very showy. |

Andropogon condensatus, H. B. K., Nov. Gen., i, 188.

Asuncion (206). November—December.

Common in old fields at Asuncion. Culms rigid, about 1 m. high.

Panicle spreading widely at the summit, 10-15cm. long. Racemes

much exserted from the spathes. Flowers white and fleecy.

Andropogon lateralis, Nees, Agrost. Bras., 329.

Asuncion (230). December.

A harsh slender-stemmed grass, 10 or 12 dm. high. The flowers

are borne along the stem at intervals in small, long-peduncled pani-

cles, 2-3 branched. Spikes 4-6 cm. long. Hairs on the spikelets

rather scanty. Awns twisted at the base, slender, bent about j of

the way up. The culms are cespitose, with a tuft of short leaves.

at the base.

Andropogon leucostachys, H. B. K., Nov. Gen. i, 187.

Caballero (469). January. = Balansa 279,

Regarded by Hackel as a form of A. Virginicus, L., but differing

in having much longer spikelets and with shorter hairs on the cal-

lous base of the first glume. It seems to me also to have much

larger panicles and longer racemes. Usually 3—4 panicles of fleecy

flowers at long intervals on the stem. Culm 4-5 dm. high. Com-

mon on the open campo around Caballero and Villa Rica.

Andropogon Minarum (Nees), Kunth, Enum., i, 507.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (488 a). January.

Culms rather stout, 5-9dm. high. Panicle densely spiked, oblong-

obovate, 12-28 cm. long and 4 or 5 cm. broad, the branches some-

_ what verticillate. Distinguished by its chestnut-colored, twisted,

hairy awns, 4-6 cm. long. These are very conspicuous, and seem

270 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

to occupy the whole panicle. Glumes white, with a sharp, slightly

curved, callous, white-hairy point at the base. These cling close

to the fruit and have the remarkable hygrometric property of un-

twisting in wet weather and retwisting when dry, so that the

sharp point bores its way into the earth. Persons who keep sheep

complain that these sharp-pointed seeds actually bore their way into

the sides of the animals.

Andropogon Neesii, Kunth, Enum., i, 491.

Near Caballero (423). January.

Andropogon nutans, L., Sp. Pl., 1045.

Between Villa Rica and Hscoba (545, 547); Pileomayo River

(926). January—February.

No. 547 is nearly the ordinary A. nutans of the United States.

It has light yellow panicles, and occurs on the campo near Villa

Rica. Nos. 545, 547 belong to the form called by Hackel (Mon.

Phan., vi, 529) 8. agrostoides, with spikelets about 4 mm. long;

awns 4—7 mm. long, deep yellowish-brown in color. All of them

are exceedingly handsome when in flower. On the campos near

Villa Rica and the Pileomayo River.

Andropogon saccharoides, Sw., Fl. Ind. Occ., 205, var. laguroides

(D.C.), Hack. in Mart. Fl. Bras., ii, pt. 3, 293.

Luque (326); Pilecomayo River (1083 and 1008). December—

April.

This grass sometimes grows to a height of 4 m. in Paraguay,

with a panicle over 30 cm. long. The spathe-like floral bract is

very rigid, and rarely fully opens till the flowers are dropping off.

Andropogon Sorghum (L.), Brot., Fl. Lus., i, 88.

Asuncion (203). November.

Not exactly Sorghum vulgare, but the form called by Hickel

corymbosus. It runs wild m fields in the vicinity of Asuncion.

Culms 2-24 m. high. Panicle 30-40 em. long, very lax, the lowest

branches drooping. Spikelets obovate, very hairy, or at maturity

the glumes shining, interruptedly hairy, brownish-red or black,

5 or 6 mm. long. Awns 5-8 mm. long, bent about half-way up.

The leaves are sometimes 7 dm. long and 6 or 7 cm. broad. It was |

probably introduced into Paraguay by immigrants, but it seems to

thrive very well as a naturalized grass.

a_i

Planis Collected in Paraguay.

Rottboellia Balansz, Hack., in Mart. Fl. Bras., ii, pt. 3, 312.

Near Villa Rica (542). January. = Balansa 291.

Culms hard and dry, 1-12 m. high, growing in tussocks on the

campo near Villa Rica. This is one of the most common grasses

upon the plains of Paraguay, and usually presents a stiff, harsh

aspect, affording but little nutriment for cattle, except when very

young.

Rottbeellia compressa, L. f., Suppl., 114.

Pilcomayo River (874). January. = Balansa 646.

Aristida implexa, Trin., Act. Petrop., 1836, 48.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (488). January.

Culms nearly or quite glabrous, 1 m. or more in height, cespitose.

Leaves as long as or longer than the culms, narrowly linear, very

revolute, appearing nearly cylindrical when dry. Panicle close,

25-30 cm. long. Empty glumes 2—24 em. long, bluish, rough on

the keel and with a rough bristle. Awns of the flowering glume

nearly 10 cm. long, straight, much twisted. A strawy-looking

species among the hills and woods.

Aristida complanata, Trin., 1. c., 1829, 85. Ex descr.

Asuncion (648). April.

A slender species with nearly glabrous compressed culms 5 or 6

dm. high. Leaves narrowly linear, 2 mm. broad, nearly or quite

glabrous, tapering to a long, hair-like point, very revolute. Panicle

contracted, 15-20 cm. long, 1-14 em. wide, with 3 or 4 branches.

Empty glumes purplish, membranous, barely bristle-pointed, the

lower 1-nerved or obscurely 3-nerved at base, 12 mm. long. Awns

20-25 mm. long, very slender, not twisted, straight. A delicate,

cxspitose plant, occurring in old fields.

Sporobolus Imdicus (L.), R. Br., Prodr., i, 170.

Asuncion (3865); Caballero (551). December—February.

Chloris distichophylla, Lag., Gen. et Spec., Nov. 4.

Asuncion (142). November.

Chioris polydactyla (L.), Sw., Prodr., 26.

Pilcomayo River (1586). April. Named by Dr. Geo. Vasey.

A very handsome species growing along the borders of the Pilco-

272 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

mayo. Culms 1—1{ m. in height. Distinguished by its numerous

finger-like, soft-haired spikes which are 10-15 cm. in length. Some-

times as many as 25 of these spring from the apex of the stem.

The fleecy hairs and the needle-like awns of the flowering glume

and palet impart a fuzzy appearance to the spikes.

Trichloris fasciculata, Fourn., Enum. Mex. Pl. Gram. 142.

Pilcomayo River (984). April. = C. Wright, Texas 764.

This grass occurs in Mexico and crosses the boundary into Texas.

It is quite common along the banks of the upper Pilcomayo. The

flowers are in densely crowded verticillate spikes at the top of the

culm. The plant appears in the Paraguayan form to have much

longer spikes (12-18 em.) and a stouter and taller (15-25 m.) culm

than in any of the Mexican specimens that I have seen. The very

slender awns are sometimes 15 mm. long.

Eleusine Indica (L.), Gertn., Fruct et Sem., i, 8.

Asuncion (61). November—January.

Eleusine Indica (L.), Gertn., var. brachystachya, Trin., Sp., t. 72.

Asuncion (68).

Both of these forms grow in the streets of Asuncion, as well as

in grassy places in the suburbs. The variety has much shorter and

broader panicles, the spikelets closely crowded, and 1—3 spikes, while

the type has 3-5 narrowly linear spikes. Sometimes erect and 20-30

em. high, but usually prostrate with ascending culms 6-15 em. high.

Leptochioa virgata, (L.), Beauv., Essay., 71.

Asuncion (211, 211a); Caballero (440); Pilcomayo River (970).

January—April.

This grass has a hard, smooth, reed-like culm 1-14 m. high.

Panicle 15-30 em. in length. Spikes drooping, slender, 5-12 cm.

long, 1-3 rising together from the rachis. Glumes and palets

often purple-tinged. Culm occasionally branching, thickened at the

branch nodes. Panicle sometimes on long naked peduncles, some-

times sheathed by a leaf.

Tricuspis latifolia, Griseb., Pl. Lorentz., 211.

Near Pirayu (674); Pilecomayo River (928). February—April.

This grass grows abundantly on the edges of the monte on the

overhanging banks of the Pilcomayo. Culms with hard, smooth,

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 273

hollow joints like a reed, often as much as3m. high. Leaves some-

what shorter than the culm, 2-3 cm. wide. Panicle very large,

loose and spreading, 20-40 cm. long. Spikes on long branches,

rising 1-3 or more together from the rachis, beginning to flower

half-way up. ‘These branches are filiform, 10-20 cm. in length,

gracefully drooping. The specimens from Pirayu (674) had a

closer panicle, presenting a more compact and bristly appearance

than those of the Pilcomayo.

Diplachne verticillata, Nees.

Pilcomayo River (981). April—J une.

Very common on the low grounds near the Pilcomayo River.

It grows 1-11 m. high. Panicle strikingly glaucous, sometimes

over 30 cm. long, bearing from 35 to 50 slender spikes 5-10 cm.

long, rising singly or several together from the rachis. Panicle

rigid, 6-8 cm. broad; spikes nearly erect. Spikelets 14 cm. long,

appressed, on the upper side of a rachis scarcely + mm. wide, 4-8

flowers in a spikelet. Culm quite brittle at the joints, often branched

below and sending up several flower stems.

This is very similar to, if not identical with, D. imbricata of

Texas and Mexico.

Gynerium argenteum, Nees, Agrost. Bras., 462.

Pilcomayo River (950). March—April.

The well-known Pampas grass. It grows in large clumps all

along the Pileomayo River and down the Paraguay to Uruguay.

The culms sometimes measure 2-25 cm. in diameter at the base,

and attain a height of 44 m. The plumes are 5—7 dm. in length,

generally of a silvery-white, but frequently of a delicate rose tint.

The leaves are narrowly linear, running into a long sharp apex,

4-14 m. in length, rising in a rosette about the base of the culms

and gracefully curving over towards the ground. Usually several

culms grow together in a tussock.

The masses of this showy grass impart a wonderful beauty to

the solitudes of the Pileomayo forests, looking like plumed sentinels

guarding the entrance to nature’s treasures.

Gynerium saccharoides, H. B. K., Pl. Mquin.,, ii, t. 215.

Pilcomayo River (1065). June.

Much inferior to no. 950 in beauty, but equally conspicuous.

Culms 3-5 m. high, over 25cm. thick at the base, not hollow, but

Annats N. Y. Acap. Sct., VII, April, 1893.—18

274 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

filled with a rather tough pith. Leaves distichous, numerous, 70

cm. or more long and 5 cm. or more in breadth at the base, giving

one the idea of a large cornstalk. Panicle often over 14 dm. long,

composed of numerous branches, some of which are over 5 dm.

long, beginning to bear flowers 4-7 cm. from the base. The long

branches of the panicle blow out on one side in the wind like a

banner, and this and the large, close-veined leaves impart a strange as

wellas gigantic appearance to the plant. Guarani name ‘‘Cuygua.”’

Arundo Donax, L., Sp. Pl., 81.

Asuncion (680); Pileomayo River (1064). June.

Culm smooth, hollow and jointed like a reed, 13-20 mm. thick at

the base, and 3-44 m. high. Leaves 2-ranked, the largest 5 dm. or

more in length and 4-5 cm. broad at the base, acuminate, glabrous

on the margins as well as on the surface. Flowers in a dense,

contracted panicle 54-8 dm. in length, composed of numerous closely

disposed capillary branches, arranged on all sides of the rachis, and

bearing innumerable spikes and spikelets. Outer glumes chestnut-

colored, bristle-tipped, 10-12 mm. long; the inner clothed with white

silky hairs. This grass is commonly known in Paraguay as “ Cana

Castilla” and is the native Cana, but it would be impossible to get

juice from the culms like that of the sugar-cane, which is the true

Cana. It may have been named Castilian sugar-cane in derision

of the Spaniards, who are not loved in Paraguay.

Eragrostis Bahiensis, Schultes, Mant., ii, 318.

Asuncion (256). December.

A cespitose grass with slender culms 38-5 dm. high. Leaves

very short. Panicle laxly branched, 10-16 cm. long, the branches

drooping; the spikes containing from 10 to 25 lead-colored spike-

lets. Panicle on naked peduncles 15-25 cm. long. This grass

occurs in dry grounds, and is highly valued for pasturage.

Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.), B. 8. P., Prel. Cat. N. Y., 69.

Near Asuncion (356). December.

Eragrostis Neesii, Trin., Act. Petrop., 1831, p. 405.

Luque (338). December—January.

Dwarf, 15 cm. high at the most. Leaves short, in a radical tuft,

or 1 or 2 at the base of the culm, covered with long, spreading white

‘

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 275

hairs. Panicle close, 3 or 4 cm. long, with 3-5 short branches below ;

5— flowers in the flat spikelets; glumes and palets mixed purple and

white. One of the feeding grasses for cattle on the Gran Campo,

about 5 miles east of Asuncion.

Poa airoides (Nees), Kunth, Enum., i, 360.

Asuncion (550). January.

Growing in dry open thickets in the Chaco opposite Asuncion.

Culms 3-5 dm. high. Panicle very diffuse, as long as or longer

than the culms. One I measured was 7 dm. in length, with numer-

ous branches, some of them 15 em. long, 1-4 rising together from

the rachis. Flowers minute, 1 or 2 in a spikelet; the spikelets on

capillary peduncles, and greatly scattered. Nerves of the flowering

glume nearly or quite obsolete. Glumes lead-colored and scantily

hairy at the base. A fine grass for mantel ornamentation.

Bromus unioloides (Willd.), Nees, Agrost. Bras., 470.

La Plata, Argentine Republic (21). October.

Chusquea tenella, Nees, Linnea, ix, 492?

Near Asuncion (755a). June.

Without flowers or fruit. Found with no. 755 in swampy woods

near Asuncion. A lower and more slender culm than 755; leaves

short, glabrous, nerved, lanceolate, rounded or semicordate at base,

on a short petiole; the sheaths slightly open, hairy fringed at the

mouth. Short branches and leaves fascicled at the nodes, the culms

often tapering into a long, very slender termination, and the nodes

much longer than the leaves, sometimes 20 cm. A Chusquea with-

out doubt, and corresponding, so far as these specimens go, to C.

tenella, as described in Flor. Bras.

EQUISETACE.

Equisetum giganteum, L., Sp. Pl., Ed. 2, 1517.

Pileomayo River (1000). April.

SALVINIACE &.

Salvinia auriculata, Aubl., Pl. Guian., ii, 969.

Asuncion (289, 1579). December. = Balansa 1122.

276 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

FILICKS.

Named by Elizabeth G. Britton.

Alsophila atrovirens, Presl., Tent. Pter., 61.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (478). January.

The only tree fern that I met with in Paraguay, though there

must be other species. The stem is 1-1} m. high, and 7-12 cm.

thick.

This was first determined as A. armata, Presl., and so distri-

buted. We are indebted to Mr. J. G. Baker for the correction.

Dicksonia cicutaria, Sw., Flor. Ind. Occ., iii, 1965.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (571). January.

Adiantum thalictroides, Willd.; Schlecht. Adumbr., 53.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (447). January.

Cheilanthes chlorophylia, Sw., Vet. Acad. Handl., 1817, p. 76.

Asuncion (169); between Villa Rica and Escoba (572, 572b,

781). November—May.

Cheilanthes microphylla, Sw., var. elongata, (Willd.), Baker.

Asuncion (232). = Balansa 359.

Cheilanthes radiata (L.), J. Smith in Hook. Journ. Bot., iv, 159.

Caballero (569). January.

Pteris denticulata, Sw., Prod., 129.

Asuncion (284, 698). May.

Pteris pedata, L., Sp. Pl., 1532.

Caballero (170). January,

This grows in deep woods on the banks of the Pilcomayo River

as well as in similar places about Asuncion and Caballero.

Blechnum Brasiliense, Desv., Berl. Mag., v, 330.

Luque (309). December.

Blechnum occidentale, L., Sp. Pl., 1534.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (1577). January.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 277

Asplenium Gibertianum, Hook., Sp. Fil., iii, 199.

Asuncion (739). May.

A handsome little plant. Fronds 10-15 cm. in length, bipinnate

below or the pinnez bipinnatified above, ending at the apex in a long

linear projection, which roots at the tip and throws up a new plant.

Deep damp woods near Asuncion.

Asplenium lunulatum, 6w., Syn. Fil., 80.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (386). January.

Dryopteris aculeata (L.), Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl., 812.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (573). January. = Balansa 323a.

The form of the species referred by Mr. Baker (Mart. FI. Bras.,

i, pt. 2, 462) to Aspidium aculeatum, var. phegopteroideum.

Dryopteris Martinicenmsis (Spreng.), Kuntze, 1. c.

Aspidium macrophyllum, Sw., Syn. Fil., 43.

Between Villa Rica and Asuncion (885). January.

Dryopteris parasitica (L.), Kuntze, 1. c., 811.

Aspidium molle, Sw. in Schrad. Journ., ii, 34.

Luque (307). December.

Dryopteris unita (L.), Kuntze, 1. ¢.

Asuncion (250). December.

Dryopteris villosa (L.), Kuntze, l.c., 814.

Near Asuncion (783). May.

Polypodium angustum, Mett., Polyp., 90.

Caballero (395). January.

Polypodium incanum, &w., Syn. Fil., 35.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (533); Pilecomayo River (1088).

January—February.

- Polypodium latipes, Langsd. & Fisch., Icon. Fil., 10, t. 10.

Between Pirayu and Yaguaron (784); near Asuncion (828).

April.

The fronds of this fern exhale a delicious aroma when drying,

something like that of Melilot. I was consulted by natives in

278 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Paraguay anxious to know if the plant could not be used in making

perfume.

Polypodium lycopodioides, L., Sp. Pl., 1542.

Caballero (396). January. |

Climbing upon the trunks of trees for a distance of 3-5 m. in

damp woods. Found with nos. 511 and 574, which have a similar

habit. Dead prostrate trees are often completely covered with these

plants, which seem to derive abundant sustenance from the decay-

ing bark.

Polypodium geminatum, Schrad. in Gott. Gel. Anz., 1824, p. 667.

Ex descrip.

Caballero (511). January.

Polypodium Plumula, H. B. K., Nov. Gen., i, 8.

Caballero (524); near Asuncion (726). January—May.

Polypodium vacciniifolium, Langsd. & Fisch., Icon. Fil., 8, t. 7.

Caballero (574). January. |

Gymnogramme calomelanos (L.), Kaulf., Enum. Fil., 76.

Luque (308). December.

Gymnogramme trifoliata (L.), Desv., Berl. Mag., v, 305.

Near Luque (312). December.

A golden fern, with trifoliate or binate leaves. The pinne are

linear-lanceolate, 4-8 cm. long, on a short pedicellate rachis. I saw

this rarely in the streets of Asuncion, and it is abundant in dry or

wettish grounds.

Gymnosgramme tomentosa (Lam.), Desv., 1. ¢., 304.

Pilcomayo River (1087). February—March.

Aneimia Phyllitidis, Sw., Syn. Fil., 155. ©

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (782). January.

Aneimia tomentosa, Sw., Syn. Fil., 157.

Asuncion (234). December.

Lygodium venustum, 6w. in Schrad. Journ., 1801, 303.

Between Villa Rica and Escoba (483). January.

Plants Collected in Paraguay. 279

MUSCI.

Named by Elizabeth G. Britton.

Campylopus introflexus (Hedw.), Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc., xii, 84.

Falkland Islands (1398).

Tortula serrulata, Hook. and Grev., Brewster’s Edinb. Journ., i, 291,

iy 1

Falkland Islands (1399).

Tortula lzta, Kunze in C. Muell. Syn., i, 574.

Central Paraguay (1397).

Barbula pallido-viridis, C. Muell.

Central Paraguay (1391). = Balansa 3562. Named by H.

Bescherelle.

‘Barbula muricola, Hampe.

Central Paraguay (1372). = Glaziou, Brazil, 7454.

Macromitrium phyllorhizum, C. Muell.

Central Paraguay (1378). = Balansa 59.

Bryum membranaceum, C. Muell.

Central Paraguay (1382). = Balansa 74.

Rachopilum tomentosum (Hedw.), Mitt., 1. ¢., 333.

Central Paraguay (1389). == Balansa 3677.

Hookeria subdepressa, Besch., Rev. Bryol., xii, 19.

Central Paraguay (1386). = Balansa 3689.

Erpodium Paraguense, Besch.

Central Paraguay (1385). = Balansa 3644.

Ectropothecium rutilams (Brid.), Mitt., l.c., 519.

Central Paraguay (1388). == Glaziou 7453.

Plagiothecium Villa Rice, Besch. Named by C. H. Wright.

Central Paraguay (1371). = Balansa 1210.

280 Plants Collected in Paraguay.

Hypnum tenuirostre (Schweg.), Mitt., 1. c., 547, var. Pariguari-

cense, C. Muell.

Central Paraguay (1374). = Balansa 3687.

Hypnum turgidicaule, C. Muell., Rev. Bryol., xiv, 57, name only.

Central Paraguay (1376). = Balansa 3680.

Hypnum microphyllum, Hedw., Sp. Musc., t. 69.

Central Paraguay (1383).

Lasia coronata, Mont., var. tenuis, C. Muell.

Central Paraguay (1377). = Balansa 3669. Named by HE.

Bescherelle.

Hypnum subnudum, C. Muell., Rev. Bryol., xiv, 57, name only.

Central Paraguay (1373). = Balansa 3679 a.

Raphidostegium Kegelianum, C. Muell., Linnea, xxi, 198. ‘

On trees at the junction of the E] Dorado (1380). = Burchell

2575.

Sematophyllum circinale (Hampe), Mitt., 1. c., 486.

Central Paraguay (1390). = Balansa 3692.

Fissidens subcrispus, Besch., Rev. Bryol., xii, 17.

Central Paraguay (1392). = Balansa 69.

Fissidens Hornschuchii, Mont., Ann. Sci. Nat. (II), xiv, 342.

Central Paraguay (1394). = Gardner 18.

CORRECTIONS.

Page 48. Before Castalia Gibertii, insert the ordinal heading—

NYMPHAACEA.

Page 56. For Sida pandiculata, read Sida paniculata.

Page 69. Before Zamthoxylum Naranfillo, insert the ordinal

heading—RUTACE.

Page 205. 15th line, for Paraguay read Paragua.

IIl1.—Coleopterological Notices.

Vv.

BY THOS: L. CASEY.

Read Oct. 2, 1898.

In bringing together a number of short studies of our North

American Coleoptera under the above title, the methods and objects

held in view in the other parts of the present series are continued.

The systematic revisions do not pretend to approach completeness,

and are merely efforts to indicate the probable interrelationships of

the species, based upon such material as it has been found possible

to gather together. New forms are continually being brought to

light, which sometimes tend to alter previously formed conceptions

of specific limits, or to destroy or modify the value of characters

assumed as the bases and criteria of classification. This is the

natural outcome of all endeavors to evolve the laws of complicated

affinities from inadequate data, but, at the same time, it is not

always necessary or advisable to defer the announcement of such

apparent truths as we have been able to discover with the material

at our disposal ; if carefully conducted, I believe that they may, and

generally do, lead onward and upward.

Having before us a confused mass of material which it is proposed

to classify and arrange generically and specifically, the problem is to

record all the genera and species, but neither more nor less. This

problem is frequently more difficult than any which can confront us

in the domain of the exact or physical sciences, because the acci-

dental and variable factors cannot be determined. We might illus-

trate the process by imagining an exact circle finely drawn on paper,

and then trying by free hand to retrace it with a blacker pencil. It

will be found that a portion of the dark line is outside the circle, a

portion within, and another truly on the line. The portion without

represents an excess of units or species, that within those which we

“have overlooked, as shown by subsequent and fuller evidence. The

Annas N. Y. Acap. Scr., VII, Oct. 1893.—19

282 Coleopterological Notices, V.

hand cannot follow the circle exactly, and in like manner is it im-

possible for the human brain to correctly interpret nature; we can

only approximate. It would of course be perfectly easy to strike a

circle wholly within the circumference of fact, but this would be

analogous to the rule of thumb by which an engineer may make a

structure many times too strong, in order to avoid laborious calcula-.

tions. It may answer in a certain way, but is not in the spirit of

true scientific inquiry. |

New York, Sept. 7, 1893.

STAPHYLINID.

ALEOCHARINI.

It is unfortunate, having in view the optical means of investiga-

tion usually employed, that the Aleocharini are so small in size, for,

from all points of view taxonomic and etiologic, they are one of the

most interesting groups of little animals on the earth. The extra-

ordinary diversity of structure and specialization of type observable

among the termitophilous inquilines, are, in a measure, characteristic

of the entire tribe, and it is this diversity alone which has given

rise to the multitude of generic names which have been proposed.

It is impossible to estimate just what proportion of these names is

really necessary, but the number of true genera is without doubt

proportionally much greater than in any other tribe of Staphylin-

ide, possibly excepting the Omalini. This diversity and specializa-

tion bespeaks a greater geological antiquity for the Aleocharini than

for the other tribes of Staphylinide, and this is indicated again by

the fact that nearly all the associates of the termites,—known to be

more ancient than the Coleoptera,—are taken from the tribe under

consideration, or the closely related Tachyporini.

The study of the subarctic Aleocharini of North America has

been almost completely neglected thus far, but the species are with-

out much doubt as plentiful here as in any other part of the world,

and seem to follow the general rule with regard to the Staphylinide

in being more abundant and diversified than in Europe. This is

somewhat remarkable, in view of the superior development in that

continent of several other large families of Coleoptera, and, as I

have before suggested (Col. Not. II, p. 326), seems to point to a

Coleopterological Notices, V. 283

greater age for the Staphylinide than for some other families of

Coleoptera.

The following detached studies are merely intended as a begin-

ning, and in drawing up the generic diagnoses, I have employed to

some extent the differential characters suggested by Rey in the

‘‘Brévipennes” of France; so that one familiar with that work can

refer the genera to their most probable positions in the Huropean

scheme. It is to be regretted, on the score of simplicity, that it has

been found necessary to propose so many new genera, but I feel

quite sure that those here described are really essential. In fact

several species now referred to Leptusa, Oxypoda and Rheochara,

will ultimately have to form distinct genera. This matter of generic

subdivision is, however, becoming an important one from the mere

standpoint of numbers, and, in the Aleocharini, if we go beyond

Aleochara, Myrmedonia, Bolitochara and others, as determined by

the number of tarsal and antennal joints, it is difficult to tell just

where to draw the line. One good rule to follow in such cases, is

to avoid defining new. genera unless there be at least three or four

important structural differences; facies, however, here as elsewhere,

frequently goes far as a guide, and is much more important than

any single organic structural peculiarity.

There is one important point concerning the nomenclature of the

Aleocharini, which should be continually borne in mind. Homalota

Mann. was founded upon a single definitely stated species, the

Aleochara plana of Gyllenhall, which was subsequently found by

Rey to have but four intermediate tarsal joints, This necessitates

the complete abandonment of all our old ideas of Homalota as ex-

tended by Hrichson, and the true and only Homalota is the genus

named Epipeda by Rey. In future, therefore, when we think of

the Hrichsonian Homalota, we should have in mind Atheta, Colpo-

dota, Amischa, Liogluta and a score or so of other genera.’ When

1 This is set forth with sufficient clearness in the recent catalogue of Heyden,

Reitter and Weise. I cannot agree with the authors of that work, however,

in changing certain family names by reason of the rehabilitation of Geoffroy’s

genera. For instance, under Mylabris, Geoff., p. 331, 1 am unable to find a

single species named by Geoffroy. Genera are and must be founded upon

species, and if no species were described by Geoffroy under Latin names, it

follows that that author. had not adopted a proper binomial nomenclature

when he founded his genera. We are compelled to assume some definite

beginning, and that beginning is the date when the names of species were

first published under the true binomial form. It is possible that some genera

284 Coleopterological Notices, V.

there is the least doubt, a name long established in connection with

certain species should not be changed, but in a case of this kind,

where there can be no doubt whatever, the sooner we overcome

our conservatism and adopt what is manifestly proper and right,

the easier it will be for the generations of systematists who are to

come into the world during the next few hundreds or thousands of

years. It is our duty to lay as immovable a foundation as possible

in the nomenclature of all sciences. The time, be it greater or less,

during which we have become accustomed to a certain status or

condition, will count as a mere nothing in future ages.

ALEOCHARIDES.

Antenne ]]-jointed; tarsi 5-5-5-jointed.

MASEOCHARA Sharp.

Of this interesting genus we have four species. First, a large

form with red elytra, which is without much doubt semivelutina

Solsky ; second, a similar species, having the base of the prothorax

equally rounded with the sides, but with the elytra black, described

by LeConte under the name valida (= californica Csy.). Third,

a rather smaller and notably more slender species with black elytra,

having the basal angles of the prothorax distinct, recently made

known by Dr. Sharp under the name opacella, and fourth, the fol-

lowing very small species allied to gracilis Shp.

M. puberula n. sp.—Black, each elytron feebly suffused with rufo-

piceous toward—but not attaining—the suture; legs throughout and antenne

toward base dark rufo-piceous; integuments alutaceous, the elytra rather

more shining, the abdomen strongly shining; head and pronotum feebly and

sparsely punctate, the elytra more closely and a little more distinctly, the

abdomen rather strongly but not densely, the impressed basal areas impunc-

tate; pubescence rather long, coarse and plentiful, conspicuous, though much

less soon the abdomen. Head orbicular, rather longer than wide, the eyes

at fully their own length from the base; antenne fully as long as the head

and prothorax, feebly incrassate, second and third joints equal, tenth one-

half wider than long. /rothorar one-fourth to one-third wider than long;

sides parallel, broadly, evenly arcuate; basal angles obtuse but very distinct,

founded upon undescribed species may have been more recently accepted, but

this would scarcely be a case in point, since the adoption of them took place

long after the binomial system was firmly established. To establish a system

is quite another matter, and requires the rigorous fulfillment of certain condi-

tions.

Coleopterological Notices, V. 285

scarcely blunt; base broadly arcuate, slightly wider than the truncate apex ;

disk very obsoletely impressed along the median line throughout. L£lytra

strongly transverse, at base subequal to the prothorax, but, at apex, quite

distinctly wider; sides feebly divergent from the base, broadly arcuate; disk

externally scarcely as long as the prothorax, the suture much shorter than

the median line of the latter, broadly, feebly depressed toward the suture;

humeri broadly rounded to the base of the prothorax. Abdomen one-half

longer than the anterior parts, about equal in width to the elytra; sides

parallel, feebly convergent toward apex; first two tergites strongly, widely

impressed at base, the third very feebly so; fifth just visibly longer than the

fourth. Basal joint of the hind tarsi one-third longer than the second ; two

to four exactly equal; fifth a little longer than the preceding two together.

Length 4.0-5.0 mm.; width 0.85-1.25 mm.

Arizona (Benson).

The male above described, has six small slender teeth along the

apex of the sixth tergite, but instead of being disposed in two sets

of three, with a wider interval in the middle as in the other species,

they are here equidistant. The coloration seems to be constant, and

the largest and smallest specimens in my series are both females.

The rufous cloud on each elytron is extremely feeble.

BARYODMA Thoms.

B. sculptiventris n. sp.—Rather narrow, parallel, convex, black, a

narrow apical margin of the elytra almost imperceptibly rufescent; legs

scarcely paler, the tibie and tarsi dark piceo-rufous; basal joint of the

antenne piceous; integuments moderately shining, the abdomen polished ;

head coarsely and rather closely punctate, the pronotum very finely but

deeply, extremely densely and evenly so; elytra more distinctly but still

rather finely, very densely and subasperately so; abdomen very coarsely

deeply and densely punctured, the coarse punctures of the basal depressions

longitudinally coalescent, forming fine strong ridges; pubescence of the pro-

notum and elytra fine, subrecumbent, very dense and distinct, of the abdomen

longer but fine, sparse and very inconspicuous. Head orbicular, as long as

wide, three-fifths as wide as the prothorax ; antenne feebly incrassate, slightly

longer than the head and prothorax, third joint obconical, elongate, two and

one-half times as long as wide and much longer than the second, tenth scarcely

one-half wider than long. Prothorax broadly ovoidal, one-half wider than

long ; sides broadly, strongly arcuate, becoming distinctly convergent in apical

half; base broadly, strongly arcuate, much wider than the apex which is

feebly arcuate; basal angles obtuse and blunt; disk broadly, evenly convex,

without trace of impression. lytra distinctly transverse, slightly wider than

the prothorax and about as long as the latter ; sides subparallel and broadly

arcuate; humeri not distinct. Abdomen much longer than the anterior parts,

very slightly narrower than the elytra; sides parallel and straight; first three

286 Coleopterological Notices, V.

segments very strongly impressed at base through about one-half of their

length ; fourth and fifth equal in length. Zegs rather short; posterior tarsi

very much shorter than the tibie, with the first joint distinctly shorter than

the next three. Length 4.0-4.2 mm.; width 1.2 mm.

New York (Catskill Mts.); North Carolina.

The middle coxe are moderately distant, the mesosternal process

extending nearly to the apex, with its sides becoming parallel, the

apex transversely truncate with the angles right and not rounded,

the apical margin just visibly bisinuate, the fine acute median carina

extending to the tip, the space between the carina and side margins

broadly concave. This species is about twice as large as the Euro-

pean morion Grav., and has much longer antenne.

B. thoracica n. sp.—Stout, thick, parallel, polished, black, the lateral

limbs of the pronotum feebly rufescent from diaphaneity; elytra, tip of the

abdomen, legs and basal joint of the antenne clear pale rufous; head ex-

tremely minutely, scarcely visibly, remotely punctate ; pronotum very finely,

sparsely, uniformly so; elytra strongly, rather closely and asperately ; abdo-

men sparsely, unevenly, subrugosely sculptured; pubescence rather short,

not very dense, stiff, inconspicuous, long and sparse on the abdomen. Head

strongly deflexed, oval, longer than wide, less than one-half as wide as the

prothorax, convex; eyes well developed ; antennz long, distinctly incrassate,

extending fully to the middle of the elytra, third joint feebly obconical, nearly

three times as long as wide, longer than the second, tenth very slightly wider

than long. VProthorax large, transversely suboval, three-fifths wider than long ;

sides broadly, strongly arcuate, convergent anteriorly becoming gradually

parallel in basal half; base broadly, rather strongly arcuate, much wider

than the more feebly arcuate apex; basal angles very obtuse and rounded but

not obliterated; disk evenly, strongly convex, without trace of impression.

Elytra very short, twice as wide as long, not in the least wider than the disk

of the pronotum and scarcely more than two-thirds as long as the latter; sides

just visibly divergent and arcuate from the base; disk not impressed, the

apex transverse. Abdomen—when contracted—not longer than the anterior

parts, at base as wide as the elytra; sides subparallel, becoming feebly con-

vergent toward apex; first three segments narrowly, deeply impressed along

the base; fifth distinctly longer than the fourth. Legs rather long; posterior

tarsi very long and slender, only slightly shorter than the tibize, with the

basal joint fully as long as the next three combined. Length (contracted)

3.0 mm.; width 1.1 mm.

Canada (Grimsby).

The abdomen is reflexed from the base. The middle coxe are

moderately distant, the mesosternal process extending nearly to.

their apices where it is as usual superposed on the tip of the short

metasternal projection; the sides of the process are feebly conver-

Coleopterological Notices, V. 287

gent, the apex transversely sinuato-truncate with the angles not

rounded, and, along its surface there is a low rounded ridge, extend-

ing to the apex and occupying one-third of its entire subapical width.

The differences between this and the preceding species are almost

certainly subgeneric; the general appearance of thoracica is not

unremindful of Oxypoda.

B. bipartita n. sp.—Stont, subfusiform, rufo-piceous in color, the head

and abdomen darker and blackish; elytra scarcely visibly clouded with

blackish along the suture and toward the flanks; legs pale flavate through-

out; antenne fuscous, paler toward base, the eleventh joint also paler except

toward its base; integuments strongly shining, the head finely, strongly, not

very densely, the pronotum finely, strongly, evenly and extremely densely

punctate; elytra finely, still more densely, subasperately punctate, the abdo-

men much more coarsely, very densely and subrugosely ; pubescence coarse,

stiff, dense, short, pale fulvous and distinct, finer darker sparser and incon-

spicuous on the abdomen. Head small, orbicular, not as long as wide, scarcely

more than one-half as wide as the prothorax, the eyes large, elongate, at much

less than one-half their length from the base; infralateral carina strong,

entire; vertex evenly convex; antenne short but only slightly incrassate,

not quite as long as the head and prothorax, the second and third joints equal

in length, the first longer and stouter, fourth but little wider than long, six

to ten equal, slightly though distinctly transverse, eleventh subconical, rather

acute, somewhat longer than the two preceding. Prothorar not quite twice

as wide as long, the sides strongly convergent, very evenly and moderately

arcuate from base to apex; base strongly arcuate, four-fifths wider than the

apex, which is less strongly arcuate; basal angles very obtuse, rounded ;

apical equally obtuse but less broadly rounded; flanks greatly deflexed, the

disk completely unimpressed, the fine basal bead distinct. LElytra at base

equal in width to the prothorax, which is widest at its base, toward apex

guite distinctly wider than the prothorax, equal in length, strongly trans-

verse, the humeri concealed; sides feebly divergent, evenly and unusually

strongly arcuate throughout; disk flattened toward the middle. Abdomen

quite distinctly longer than the anterior parts, at base equal in width to the

elytral apex ; sides feebly convergent and straight to the apex ; first two seg-

ments only feebly impressed but not more coarsely punctured at base; fifth

distinctly longer than the fourth ; border thick, moderately deep. Legs short;

posterior tarsi slightly shorter than the tibie, the basal joint barely as long as

the next two and slightly longer than the last. Length 3.7 mm.; width 1.3mm.

Texas (Galveston).

The mesosternal process is moderate in width and extends to the

very apex of the coxe, the apex subtruncate with rounded angles,

the median carina entire, strongly elevated and finely compressed.

This species greatly resembles an Oxypoda in outline. The contrast

288 Coleopterological Notices, V.

between the fine dense punctuation of the anterior parts, and the

coarser, beautifully regular sculpture of the abdomen, is very

marked.

RHEOCHARA Rey.

The species described below is assigned provisionally to this

genus, although the outer joints of the antenne are strongly trans-

verse, the first three tergites gradually less strongly impressed at

base, the posterior tarsi much shorter than the tibiz, and the ante-

rior tibie entirely devoid of spinules. It will probably form a genus

distinct from Rheochara, but at present it is not advisable to sepa-

rate it, as I have no representative of Rheochara with which to

compare it.

R. lucifuga n. sp.—Slender, moderately convex, pale ochreous-yellow,

the head piceous and the abdomen with a large very feeble piceous cloud near

the apex; apices of the three basal segments paler than the base; surface

feebly shining, the abdomen polished ; pubescence rather coarse, decumbent,

moderately dense, sparser on the abdomen. Head ovulate, longer than wide,

three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, evenly convex, finely, sparsely punctate ;

eyes moderate, before the middle; infralateral ridge very strong; ligula with

a short thick simple and membranous deflexed process bearing two sete ;

terminal supplementary palpal joint distinct; antennz as long as the head

and prothorax, thick, the first three joints gradually decreasing ia length,

four to ten transverse, increasing greatly in size, the tenth rather strongly

transverse, eleventh large, feebly pyriform, as long as the two preceding,

outer joints somewhat perfoliate. Prothorax one-fourth wider than long, sides

subparallel, broadly arcuate, distinctly convergent only in apical third; base

broadly arcuate, much wider than the apex; basal angles very obtuse but

not obliterated ; disk widest just behind the middle, broadly, feebly convex,

finely feebly and somewhat closely punctate, not in the least impressed, the

edges, except at apex, finely beaded; hypomera slightly visibly from the sides,

subhorizontal. lytra one-half wider than long, not distinctly wider and a

little shorter than the prothorax; sides subparallel, feebly arcuate ; humeri

rounded, slightly exposed ; disk rather finely but strongly, somewhat closely,

subasperately punctate; suture strongly margined, scarcely impressed. Abdo-

men—when extended—not quite twice as long as the anterior parts, very

slightly narrower than the elytra; sides just visibly convergent behind the

middle; fourth segment a little shorter than the fifth, the latter very remotely

punctate; basal impressions not more densely or coarsely punctate. Legs

moderate ; posterior tarsi much shorter than the tibia, slender, with the basal

joint fully as long as the next two. Length (extended) 4.8 mm.; width 0.9 mm.

Kentucky (Lexington). Prof. H. Garman.

‘The mesosternal process is long, extremely slender and acutely

pointed, extending to and over the acute apex of the mesosternal

ep Ty

pie th" ;

Coleopterological Notices, V. 989

process at about two-thirds the coxal length. This interesting

species is said to inhabit caves, but as the eyes are well developed,

it probably only seeks their seclusion and darkness during the day.

The genus Rheochara seems to be distinct from Aleochara, with

which it is united in the recent Kuropean catalogue.

POLISTOMA Steph.

There is considerable variation in the form of the mesosternal

process in this genus, the apex being more truncate in the European

species, but as the Californian species are intermediate in this re-

spect between them and maritima, I have no doubt that the genus

Emplenota Csy. will have to be suppressed; I have used the name

Polistoma however, as Polystoma is preoccupied. The North

American species in my cabinet may be readily separated as fol-

lows :—

Basal joint of the hind tarsi short, only slightly longer than the second.

Head very coarsely and conspicuously punctured. Atlantic coast.

| maritima

Head more finely and sparsely punctured ; form broader. Pacific coast.

| arenaria

Basal joint of the hind tarsi much longer, equal to the next two combined ;

form still broader, the head and prothorax more transverse, the latter more

strongly rounded at the sides; pubescence sparser ; antenne more incras-

sate; deflexed apical angles of the prothorax very broadly rounded. Pacific

Baie a ee feretcien ces ies vicle\cuofalis aaeleiveises secaceve seeded nue sctecccceiceceervescecen PACKMECA

The species of Polistoma throughout the world are remarkably

homogeneous in general appearance.

P. arenaria n. sp —Parallel, rather depressed, black, the elytra some-

times with a subquadrate rufescent cloud not attaining the base; antenne

black ; legs rufo-piceous toward tip; head and pronotum opaque, extremely

densely and minutely granulato-reticulate, rather finely, feebly, sparsely but

distinctly punctate; elytra rather less opaque, more strongly and closely punc-

tured ; abdomen polished, sparsely finely and unevenly punctate; pubescence

rather coarse, long, not dense but conspicuous, arranged transversely on the

pronotum. Head orbicular, as long as wide, fully four-fifths as wide as the

prothorax, parallel and broadly arcuate at the sides; antenne feebly incras-

sate, one-half longer than the head, the outer joints not more than one-half

wider than long. Prothorax feebly transverse, subquadrate, one-fourth wider

than long; sides parallel, broadly, feebly arcuate; base and apex equal, the

former evenly and very strongly, the latter feebly, arcuate; apical angles

strongly deflexed, narrowly rounded; basal extremely obtuse but distinct ;

disk evenly, feebly convex, somewhat flattened in a broad median area toward

290 Coleopterological Notices, V.

base. Slytra moderately transverse, slightly longer and much wider than the

prothorax, parallel; humeri distinctly exposed at base; disk flat, deflexed

at apex except laterally. Abdomen slightly narrower than the elytra, as long

as the anterior part of the body, parallel and straight at the sides; border

strong ; segments subequal. Length 3.6-4.0 mm.; width 0.9-1.1 mm.

California (San Diego and San Francisco).

Kasily distinguishable from pacifica by the narrow, more parallel

form and more conspicuous pubescence. Moderately abundant.

It at first seemed probable that this species might be the same as

Homalota litoralis of Maklin, since the elytra are frequently rufous

with the base and external sides black, this being the described

coloration of litoralis; but the phrases ‘‘thorace ... . posterius

ante basin latissime transversim impresso, confertim subtilissime

punctulato” do not find the remotest correspondence, there being

no trace of a transverse subbasal impression; the width, also,

3 line—about # mm.—is not sufficient for arenaria.

P. pacifica n. sp.—Parallel, moderately depressed, black, the legs rufo-

piceous ; antenne picescent toward base; elytra, except laterally, feebly

rufo-piceous ; sculpture and punctuation as in arenaria, the pubescence much

sparser and less conspicuous. Head much wider than long, scarcely more

than three-fourths as wide as the prothorax; eyes at rather more than their

own length from the base; antenne strongly incrassate, the outer joints fully

twice as wide as long, one-half longer than the head, shorter and thicker than

in arenaria, the second joint distinctly shorter than the third. Prothorax trans-

verse, nearly one-half wider than long; sides parallel, evenly, strongly arcuate ;

apex broadly, strongly arcuate; apical angles strongly deflexed, very broadly

arcuate; basal extremely obtuse and almost completely obliterated ; disk very

feebly flattened toward the median line from base to apex. lytra transverse,

only slightly wider and longer than the prothorax; sides subparallel, straight ;

humeri strongly rounded to the prothorax ; disk flat, feebly detlexed at apex

in the middle. Abdomen, when contracted, distinctly shorter than the anterior

parts combined, nearly as wide as the elytra; sides parallel and straight ;

border strong, rather deep; first three segments impressed at base; fifth longer

than the fourth. Length (contracted) 3.4 mm.; width 1.15 mm.

California (Sta. Barbara).

The elongate basal joint of the hind tarsi will readily enable one

to identify this species. A single specimen taken by Mr. G. W.

Dunn.

OXYPODA Mann.

The types here assigned to Oxypoda cannot all be retained as

such, for those species having the antennal joints abruptly enlarged

Bie.

Coleopterological Notices, V. 291

from the fourth, forming a long compact cylindrical club, have the

metasternal process between the middle coxe long and acute, while

the others, with slender or feebly incrassate antenne, have this pro-

cess either entirely obsolete, or else in the form of an extremely

short broad cusp. The former may or may not be congeneric with

the European Mycetodrepa, of which I do not possess a represen-

tative at present, but in any event the three here brought to notice

differ greatly among themselves in somewhat important characters.

The genus will prove to be very extensive in North America, and

I have simply selected at the present time a number of hitherto

undescribed forms, for the most part illustrative of groups; these

may be known among themselves as follows :—

Antenne more slender, gradually and generally feebly incrassate toward tip.

Third antennal joint distinctly longer than the second, the antenne long ;

abdomen parallel, narrowed slightly at the fifth segment; prothorax

widest before the base, the basal angles almost completely obliterated ;

basal joint of the hind tarsi as long as the next three....... cComgruens

Third antennal joint equal in length to the second, both elongate; antenne

much shorter; elytra distinctly longer than the prothorax.

Prothorax widest before the base ; abdomen narrowed from base to apex ;

basal joint of the hind tarsi as long as the next three... comvergens

Prothorax widest at base; abdomen parallel, narrowed near the tip; basal

joint of the hind tarsi but slightly longer than the next two.

impressa

Third antennal joint distinctly shorter than the second.

Elytra longer than the prothorax.

Elytra pale, clouded with black toward the scutellum and toward each

flank ; abdominal punctures not so dense....................-. MUDIfer

Elytra uniform in coloration or very nearly so; sides of the elytra per-

fectly parallel; integuments subopaque ...........e0ce0s eee SAKATILIS

Elytra shorter than the prothorax.

Prothorax subconical, widest at or near the base, where it is a little

wider than the elytra.

Abdomen blackish, the apices of the segments narrowly paler.

glenorze

Abdomen rufous, with a large blackish cloud occupying most of ter-

gites three to five; form very slender; size small...... mnigriceps

Prothorax with the sides perfectly parallel and broadly, evenly arcuate

from base to apex, not wider than the elytra; body very small and

narrow, piceous and black in Color............seseeece see ceeceeee LEMCATA

Antenne rapidly enlarged from and radius ke foul joint, for ming a long,

compact, claviform mass.

Antenne, except near the base, completely devoid of erect sete, clothed

uniformly with excessively minute even pubescence, almost perfectly

cylindrical from the fifth joint ............cccesssecccesssereceeee se MUGSOMICA

292 Coleopterological Notices, V.

Antenne with short erect sete as usual, rapidly enlarged from the fourth

to the sixth or seventh joints.

Rufo-testaceous, the head and a large subapical abdominal cloud blackish.

fustiger

Black ; elytra slightly picescent, much paler at the humeri.

californica

I have been unable to recognize sagulata Er., which is a species

apparently allied to convergens, but having pale antenne, with the

apical joint obtuse, and a subparallel abdomen, and mznuta Sachse,

which is small, piceous, with the antenne toward base, legs, elytra

and anterior parts of the abdomen testaceous; the latter is probably

allied to nzgriceps, but in that species the pronotum is very pale

and the elytra dark. The species described by me as Oxypoda

insignis is placed further on in the genus Anepsiota, allied to

Atheta, the anterior tarsi being four-jointed.

O. congruens.—Moderately stout and convex, parallel, brown, the head

and abdomen black, the segments paler at apex above and beneath; legs and

antenne brown, the latter still paler toward base; integuments alutaceous,

excessively minutely, densely punctate throughout, the pronotum slightly

less densely so and more shining toward base; pubescence throughout very

short, fine and dense, subsericeous. Head orbicular, rather longer than wide,

but little more than one-half as wide as the prothorax, evenly convex; eyes

moderate, distant from the base; antenne long, fully attaining the middle of

the elytra, gradually and feebly incrassate, the second joint shorter than the

first or third, the latter nearly as long as the next two, tenth joint not dis-

tinctly wider than long, eleventh acutely conoidal, barely as long as the two

preceding. Prothorax transversely suboval, the base moving freely above the

elytra, fully three-fourths wider than long, the sides broadly arcuate, becom-

ing convergent and straighter in apical half, the base much wider than the

truncate apex, broadly, strongly arcuate, the basal angles almost completely

obliterated ; apical but slightly deflexed, broadly rounded; disk feebly im-

pressed in the middle before the basal margin. Elytra moderately transverse,

at base narrower than, at apex equal in width to, the prothorax, slightly longer

than the latter; sides distinctly divergent, broadly arcuate, especially near

the base; humeri concealed ; disk very indefinitely and widely impressed in

the middle toward base. Abdomen but slightly narrower than the elytra, much

longer than the anterior parts; sides straight and parallel to the apex of the

fourth segment; first three tergites impressed at base, successively less strongly;

fifth slightly longer than the fourth. Length 3.4 mm.; width 1.0 mm.

Montana (Helena); Michigan. .

The elytral humeri are frequently a little paler than the other —

portions of the disk. This species, which appears to be widely dif-

Coleopterological Notices, V 2938

fused, differs from the Kuropean spectabilis in its much smaller size

and far less distinct basal angles of the prothorax.

O. convergens.—Rather broad, subfusiform, black ; four basal joints

of the antenne and the legs throughout pale; pronotum gradually rufescent

toward base; elytra and apices of all the ventral segments pale brownish-

rufous ; integuments alutaceous, extremely finely feebly and densely punctate

throughout, the head and pronotum rather the least densely punctate and

more shining; pubescence short, very dense throughout, sericeous on the

abdomen, the latter bristling with stiff sete toward apex. Head wider than

long, orbicular, evenly convex, scarcely more than one-half as wide as the

prothorax; eyes rather large, extending to within one-half their length of

the base; antenne feebly incrassate, as long as the head and prothorax, the

first three joints equal in length, fourth subquadrate, five to ten subequal, a

little wider, slightly transverse, eleventh rather acutely conoidal, barely as

long as the two preceding. Prothorax fully two-thirds wider than long, the

sides strongly convergent, broadly evenly and strongly arcuate from base to

apex; base fully three-fourths wider than the apex, broadly, strongly arcuate,

the apex transversely truncate; basal angles obtuse and rather blunt but

distinct ; disk just visibly wider at basal third than at base, not distinctly

impressed. Llytra at base slightly narrower, at apex a little broader, than

the prothorax, distinctly longer than the latter; sides perceptibly divergent

and feebly arcuate from base to apex; humeri completely concealed; external

apical sinuations narrow and deep; disk scarcely at all impressed. Abdomen

at base distinctly narrower than the elytra, at the apex of the fifth segment

one-half as wide as the latter; sides perfectly straight; border gradually

thicker and deeper from apex to base; two basal tergites very feebly impressed

along the basal margin; fifth nearly as long as the third and fourth together.

Length 3.0 mm.; width 0.9 mm.

New York (Catskill Mts.).

The abdomen is evenly narrowed from base to apex, and the fifth

segment is unusually long. This species cannot be very closely

allied to sagulata, although it approaches that species, according to

description, closer than any other form here described.

O. impressa.—Moderately wide and convex, black throughout, the

elytra extremely indistinctly picescent; antenne black; legs rufo-piceous ;

ventral plates slightly and narrowly pale at apex; integuments but feebly

shining, the head, pronotum and elytra finely and densely but rather dis-

tinctly punctate, the abdomen much more minutely feebly and excessively

densely so; pubescence rather coarse, dense, semi-erect anteriorly, excessively

minute and dense on the abdomen, each tergite, in addition, with a transverse

apical series of long sete. Head orbicular, evenly convex, nearly as long as

wide, slightly more than one-half as wide as the prothorax; eyes rather large,

at less than one-half their length from the base; antenne moderate in length,

slightly longer than the head and prothorax, rather slender and feebly in-

294 Coleopterological Notices, V.

crassate, the first three joints subequal in length, fourth slightly longer than

wide, outer joints distinctly transverse, the tenth less so than the ninth, equal

in width but a little longer, eleventh short, acutely conoidal, not as long as

the preceding two. Jfrothorax fully three-fourths wider than long; sides

broadly, evenly arcuate and distinctly convergent from base to apex; base

fully three-fourths wider than the apex, broadly, strongly arcuate; apex

subtruncate; basal angles obtuse and blunt but definite; disk extremely

obsoletely impressed along the median line, with a large rounded and distinct

impression in the middle before the base. lytra slightly transverse, at base

exactly equal in width to the prothorax and at apex slightly wider, fully one-

third longer ; humeri not exposed ; disk but feebly, indefinitely and broadly

impressed in the middle toward base. Abdomen at base distinctly narrower

than the elytra, the sides parallel and straight to the apex of the fourth

segment; fifth very much longer than the fourth. Length 2.75 mm.; width ~

0.75 mm.

British Columbia (Glenora). Mr. Wickham.

Readily distinguishable from congruens by its smaller size, smaller

prothorax with more distinct basal angles, shorter antenne, longer

fifth ventral segment and many other characters.

O. nubifer.—Somewhat narrow, subparallel, pale rufo-testaceous, the

head piceous ; abdomen piceous, broadly pale at tip and at the apices of all

the segments; legs pale; antenne dusky, pale toward base; integuments

strongly shining, extremely feebly sculptured; head and pronotum finely

and closely but feebly and not conspicuously punctate, the elytra scarcely so ~

densely but more distinctly so, the abdomen minutely, feebly and moderately

densely; pubescence short, decumbent, moderately dense. Head orbicular,

evenly convex, as long as wide, a little more than one-half as wide as the

prothorax ; eyes at nearly their own length from the base; antenne short,

feebly incrassate, not quite extending to the base of the prothorax, the second

joint a little longer than the first and distinctly longer than the third, fourth

subquadrate, feebly obconical, five to ten subequal, distinctly wider than

long, eleventh long, obtusely ogival, rather longer than the two preceding.

Prothorax widest at base, two-thirds wider than long, the sides strongly con-

vergent and feebly, evenly arcuate from base to apex; base and apex equally,

moderately arcuate, the former two-thirds wider than the latter; basal angles

—viewed laterally—very obtuse and blunt but not obliterated, the apical

moderately defined, broadly rounded; disk perfectly even, without trace of

impression. lytra at base scarcely as wide, but at apex fully as wide, as the

prothorax, just visibly longer, slightly transverse; sides subparallel; humeri

concealed ; apex strongly sinuate near the sides, the edge thence to the inner

angles feebly, anteriorly oblique and straight; disk unimpressed, with a black

cloud near the scutellum and another longitudinal near the flanks, not attain-

ing base or apex. Abdomen just visibly narrower than the elytra, not longer

than the anterior parts; sides parallel, the fifth segment slightly narrowed,

distinctly longer than the fourth; border thick; posterior edges of tergites

Coleopterological Notices, V. 295

two to four broadly, feebly sinuate. Jegs rather short; basal joint of the

hind tarsi as long as the next two and equal to the fifth. Length 2.5 mm. ;

width 0.7 mm.

Utah (southwestern).

The trimaculate elytra, pale coloration, feeble punctuation and

conical prothorax, with the base rather loosely fitted over the base

of the elytra, are distinguishing characters of this rather isolated

species.

O. saxatilis.—Rather narrow and subparallel, blackish-piceous, the

abdomen black, the apices of all the segments paler; legs pale throughout ;

antenne dark, pale toward base; integuments densely opaque, finely, very

densely punctate, the abdomen not less densely so, the elytra more distinctly ;

pubescence fine, short, recumbent, extremely dense throughout, the abdomen

without longer sete toward apex. Head a little wider than long, well inserted,

three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, the eyes moderately large, approaching

the base within one-half of their length ; antenne slender, feebly incrassate,

loosely articulated, about as long as the head and prothorax, the second joint

much longer than the first and nearly as long as the next two, four to six

slightly increasing in width, six to ten subequal, slightly transverse, eleventh

acutely ogival, as long as the preceding two. Prothorax two-thirds wider than

long, the sides convergent and distinctly arcuate from base to apex; base

broadly arcuate, two-thirds wider than the subtruncate apex; basal angles

obtuse but evident; disk not distinctly impressed. Llytra throughout the

length exactly equal in width to the prothorax, one-third longer; sides

parallel, nearly straight; humeri concealed; disk with a small and just

visible impression behind the scutellum. Abdomen at base slightly narrower

than the elytra, at the apex of the fifth segment three-fourths as wide as the

latter, distinctly longer than the anterior parts; sides straight and just visi-

bly convergent from base to apex; border rather thick; tergites two to four

very feebly sinuate at apex; fifth one-half longer than the fourth. Legs

slender ;-posterior tarsi filiform, the basal joint slightly longer than the next

two and much longer than the fifth. Length 2.5 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Colorado (Cafion City). Mr. Wickham.

Readily recognizable by the parallel elytra, very nearly as long

as wide, and by the opaque integuments.

0. slenorz.—Narrow and elongate, pale brownish-testaceous, the head

darker, rufo-piceous ; abdomen blackish, the apices of the segments paler; legs

pale throughout; antenne piceous, paler toward base; integuments feebly

shining, extremely minutely and densely punctate throughout, scarcely more

distinctly on the elytra; pubescence minute, extremely dense throughout, the

abdomen also with a few stiff bristles toward apex. Head slightly wider than

long, well inserted, evenly convex, not quite two-thirds as wide as the pro-

thorax; eyes moderate, at nearly their own length from the base; anteune

296 Coleopterological Notices, V.

slender, very feebly incrassate, barely as long as the head and prothorax, the

second joint subequal in length to the first and one-third longer than the

third, the latter nearly as long as the next two, four to six slightly increasing

in width, six to ten subequal, slightly transverse, eleventh acutely ogival,

fully as long as the two preceding. Prothorur rather large, subconical, the

base loosely fitted over the base of the elytra, three-fifths wider than long ;

sides distinctly convergent and very feebly arcuate from the rather broadly

rounded basal angles to the apex; base broadly arcuate, much wider than

the apex; disk broadly and extremely obsoletely impressed along the median

line in about basal half. lytra transverse, at base distinctly narrower, at

apex barely as wide as, the elytra, distinctly shorter than the latter; sides

divergent and nearly straight from base to apex; humeri completely con-

cealed ; disk with a small impression behind the scutellum. Abdomen one-

half longer than the anterior parts, at base scarcely at all narrower than the

elytra, at the apex of the fifth segment three-fourths as wide as the latter;

sides almost straight; border rather thick and deep; fifth segment much

_ longer than the fourth. Legs moderate; posterior tarsi scarcely at all shorter

than the tibiz, with the first joint almost as long as the entire remainder ;

two to four short and equal. Length 2.9 mm.; width 0.7 mm.

British Columbia (Glenora). Mr. Wickham.

The extremely elongate basal joint of the hind tarsi and large

conical loosely fitted prothorax, will readily lead to the identifica-

tion of this species, which may possibly be referred to the subgenus

Sphenoma.

O. nigriceps.—Slender, subfusiform, convex, the head and antenne

black, the latter pale toward base; pronotum pale flavo-testaceous thoughout ;

elytra much darker, piceous; abdomen with the two basal segments dark

rufo-testaceous, the remainder black, with the apices narrowly paler ; integu-

ments moderately shining, the head polished, rather coarsely, not very densely

punctate ; pronotum more finely, very densely, the elytra more distinctly but

finely, subasperately and extremely densely, the abdomen minutely densely

subasperately and less distinctly ; pubescence fine, extremely short, rather

dense but inconspicuous, the abdomen bristling with long setze toward tip.

Head slightly wider than long, scarcely three-fifths as wide as the prothorax,

evenly, strongly convex, the eyes moderate, at about their own length from

the base; antenne short, rather slender, feebly, gradually incrassate and

rather compact, not more than one-half longer than the head, the first two

joints subequal in length, the second distinctly longer than the third, fourth

to tenth feebly, gradually increasing in width, the latter nearly twice as wide

as long, eleventh short, obtusely ogival, about as long as the two preceding.

Prothorax large, rather more than one-half wider than long, the sides strongly

convergent and feebly arcuate from base to apex ; base broadly arcuate, much

wider than the apex, the basal angles obtuse and rather broadly rounded ;

disk with an extremely obsolete impression in the middle before the base.

Elytra distinctly shorter than the prothorax, and, throughout the length,

Coleopterological Notices, V. 297

visibly narrower; sides subparallel and feebly arcuate; humeri wholly con-

cealed ; disk feebly, transversely convex. Abdomen fully one-half longer than

the anterior parts, at base nearly as wide, and at the apex of the fifth segment

two-thirds as wide, as the elytra; sides straight; border rather thick; fifth

segment two-thirds longer than the fourth. Legs rather short and thick, the

hind tarsi much shorter than the tibiz, with the first joint a little longer than

the next two. Length 2.0 mm.; width 0.45 mm.

Rhode Island (Boston Neck).

Readily separable from minuta Sachse, by the pale prothorax and

dark elytra. The antenne are unusually short.

O. lineata.—Narrow and sublinear, convex, black, the pronotum piceous-

black, the elytra feebly rufescent; antenne pale at base; legs pale flavo-

testaceous throughout; integuments feebly shining, the pronotum and abdo-

men extremely minutely and excessively densely punctate, the elytra equally

densely but rather more strongly and subasperately, the head a little less

finely and more sparsely ; pubescence extremely minute, dense, the abdomen

as usual with an apical fringe of longer hairs on each tergite, but having only

a very few longer sete toward apex. Head as long as wide, evenly convex,

fully three-fourths as wide as the prothorax; eyes moderate, at more than

their length from the base; antenne rather long, loose, feebly incrassate,

extending to basal third of the elytra, the third joint elongate, only slightly

though visibly shorter than the second, joints increasing only very slightly in

width toward apex, six to ten quite distinctly wider than long, the eleventh

rather large, ogival at tip, fully as long as the two preceding. Prothorax—from

above—only one-third wider than long, the sides parallel] and evenly, broadly

arcuate, widest at the middle; base and apex equal, feebly arcuate, the former

fitted rather closely to the elytral depression ; basal angles obtuse and blunt

but very evident ; disk not distinctly impressed. lytra short and transverse,

quite distinctly shorter than the prothorax, at base as wide as the prothorax,

and, at apex, just visibly wider; sides perceptibly divergent and straight from

base to apex; humeri not exposed; disk broadly, feebly impressed along the

suture in more than basal half. Abdomen nearly one-half longer than the

anterior parts, at base distinctly narrower than the elytra; sides subparallel,

narrowed toward apex ; border moderate; fifth segment one-half longer than

the fourth ; sixth greatly visible, a little narrowed and parabolic but as long

as the fifth. Jegs moderate in length, slender, the hind tarsi but slightly

shorter than the tibiz, with the first joint a little longer than the next two.

Length 2.1 mm.; width rather more than 0.4 mm.

Rhode Island.

This species is rather aberrant, not only in the subquadrate form

of the prothorax, but in the total absence of the infralateral carina.

of the head. I cannot see, however, that it differs otherwise from

Oxypoda.

Annas N. Y. Acap. Sci., VII, Oct. 1893.—20

298 Coleopterological Notices, V.

0. hudsonica.—Moderately stout, subparallel, convex, pale flavo-testa-

ceous throughout, the abdomen more rufous and less flavate, with a small dark

cloud occupying about the fourth tergite; integuments polished, the head and

pronotum minutely and sparsely punctate, the elytra finely, densely, feebly

but subasperately, the abdomen rather coarsely, strongly, distinctly and not

very densely; pubescence rather coarse, moderately dense, denser on the

elytra. Head longer than wide, evenly convex, a little more than: one-half

as wide as the prothorax, the eyes moderate, black, at more than their own

length from the base; antenne very thick, cylindrical, scarcely longer than

the head and prothorax, the third joint but slightly shorter than the second

but strongly, evenly obconical, not twice as long as wide, four to six very

short and transverse, gradually wider, seven to ten equal, cylindrical, gradu-

ally a little longer but not wider, strongly transverse, eleventh obtuse at apex,

fully as long as the preceding two. Prothorax two-fifths wider than long, the

sides feebly convergent, evenly and distinctly arcuate from the broadly rounded

basal angles to the apex; base and apex broadly arcuate, the former percepti-

bly the wider ; disk very strongly, evenly convex, without trace of impression.

Elytra moderately transverse, at base distinctly narrower, but at apex just

visibly wider than, the prothorax, distinctly shorter ; sides slightly divergent,

broadly arcuate toward base; humeri concealed; disk with a small sutural

impression behind the scutellum. Abdomen one-half longer than the anterior

parts, at base but slightly narrower than the elytra, and, at the apex of the

fifth segment, almost four-fifths as wide; sides nearly straight; border rather

thick; fifth segment but slightly longer than the fourth. Legs somewhat

stout; hind tarsi slightly shorter than the tibize, with the basal joint as long

as the next three. Length 2.7 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

New York (near the city).

The infralateral carina of the head is fine but strong and entire,

and the facets of the eyes are rather larger and more convex than

usual. The thick antenne, with their very peculiar and excessively

minute dense vestiture, totally devoid of erect sete, render this

species quite aberrant.

O. fustiger.—Subparallel, convex, polished throughout, pale testaceous,

the head piceous; abdomen more rufous, blackish behind the second segment

except at tip; head finely, sparsely, the pronotum finely, rather less sparsely,

feebly but subasperately punctate, the elytra more strongly, subrugosely but

not more densely, the abdomen rather strongly, subasperately and not densely

so; pubescence coarse, inclined, not very dense, longer and still sparser on

the abdomen, the latter without subapical bristles. lead wider than long,

three-fifths as wide as the prothorax ; eyes normal, at nearly their own length

from the base; antennz short, very thick, scarcely as long as the head and

prothorax, the basal joint oblong-oval, nearly as long as the next two, second

thinner, one-half longer than wide and perceptibly longer than the third,

which is slightly elongate and obconical, fourth wider, strongly transverse,

fifth similar but wider, sixth to tenth longer than the fourth or fifth, compact,

‘ae

Coleopterological Notices, V. 299

very strongly transverse, eleventh short, not longer than wide, obtusely and

obliquely ogival, scarcely as long as the two preceding, outer joints with short

erect sete in addition to the minute pubescence. Prothorax three-fifths wider

than long; sides distinctly convergent, evenly and rather strongly arcuate

from base to apex; base broadly, strongly arcuate, much wider than the trun-

cate apex ; basal angles obtuse, blunt but very evident; disk strongly, evenly

convex, without impressions. Alyira throughout equal in width to the pro-

thorax, distinctly longer, nearly quadrate ; sides subparallel, almost straight ;

humeri not exposed. Abdomen about as long as the anterior parts, at base

almost as wide as the elytra; sides feebly convergent from base to apex and

just visibly arcuate ; fifth segment but slightly longer than the fourth; under

surface sparsely, deeply and coarsely punctate and sparsely clothed with long

coarse hairs. Length 2.3 mm.; width 0.7 mm.

California (Humboldt Co.).

Differs from the preceding species in the gradually wider and

sparsely setose outer joints of the antenne, and in the structure of

the basal joints. A single specimen of undetermined sex.

0. californica.—Somewhat fusiform, convex, highly polished through-

out, black, the elytra piceous, testaceous at the humeri and along the suture

near the apex ; abdominal tip scarcely at all paler; legs pale; antennz black,

pale toward base; head and pronotum minutely feebly and sparsely punctate,

the elytra finely but a little more strongly and still more sparsely so; abdomen

finely, scarcely distinctly and sparsely ; pubescence somewhat long, subrecum-

bent, coarse and sparse. Head orbicular, as long as wide, evenly convex,

nearly three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, the eyes at less than their

length from the base; antenne fully as long as the head and prothorax, stout,

feebly setulose and finely pubescent, the first joint small, elongate-oval, longer

than the second, the latter twice as long as wide and distinctly longer than

the third, fourth and fifth very short and transverse, increasing in width,

sixth to tenth subequal in length and width, longer than either the fourth or

fifth and not more than twice as wide as long, eleventh short, obtusely and

obliquely ogival, about as long as the two preceding. Prothorax rather small,

three-fourths wider than long, the sides convergent and arcuate from the

broadly rounded and almost obsolete basal angles; base and apex broadly

arcuate, the former much the wider; disk evenly, strongly convex, unim-

pressed, the basal bead strong. lytra large, but slightly wider than long,

one-fourth wider and rather more than one-half longer than the prothorax ;

sides subparallel; humeri ‘quite distinctly exposed, rounded; disk strongly

and widely impressed on the suture in more than basal half. Abdomen as long

as the anterior parts, at base much narrower than the elytra, and, at the fifth

segment, one-half as wide as the latter; sides feebly convergent from base to

apex and just visibly arcuate; fifth segment distinctly longer than the fourth.

Legs rather long, very slender; femora unusually narrow; hind tarsi two-

thirds as long as the tibie, with the first joint longer than the next two but

shorter than the fifth. Length 1.9 mm.; width 0.7 mm.

300 Coleopterological Notices, V.

California.

The antenne are not as stout as in fustiger, and bave the outer

part more cylindrical, and, in addition, the prothorax is much

smaller, the elytra larger and the coloration wholly different. This

is the most sparsely punctate and polished species of Oxy poda which

I have seen.

ACHROMOTA nr. gen.

Body fusiform, moderately convex. Head small, but feebly con-

stricted at base, not inserted deeply in the prothorax; eyes well

developed; infralateral carina almost obsolete. Antennz long and

slender, searcely perceptibly incrassate, setose, the first three joints

elongate. Mentum rather large, trapezoidal, broadly ‘sinuate at

apex. Maxillary palpi well developed, the third joint slightly

longer than the second; fourth very slender, unusually long, obhique,

more than one-half as long as the third, simple at apex. Ligula

imperfect in the type. Prothorax transversely suboval, the hypo-

mera broad, strongly inflexed and invisible from the side poste-

tiorly, but becoming horizontal anteriorly. Elytra well developed.

Abdomen gradually narrowed almost from the base; border rather

deep; first tergite broadly impressed at base, shorter than the second,

the others completely unimpressed at base; fifth just visibly longer

than the fourth. Coxe large, the intermediate very approximate

but not contiguous, the mesosternal process not extending behind

the middle. Metasternum not advanced between the coxa, the fine

beaded Jine merely feebly arcuate opposite the intereoxal space, the

surface thence to the mesosternum transversely convex, the para-

pleure rather wide, parallel to the elytra, the epimera not projecting

behind the elytra. Legs rather long and slender; tarsi slender,

5-5-5-jointed, the posterior slender but much shorter than the tibie,

With the first four joints slightly elongate and as nearly as possible

perfectly equal, the fifth very long, longer than the two preceding

combined ; claws moderately long, slender, evenly areuate.

It seemed possible at first that the type of this genus might enter

Oxypoda as an aberrant member or subgenus, but the tarsal strue-

ture is so radically different that it is impossible to place it there. —

In fact there is no European genus near Oxypoda which has the

posterior tarsi constituted in any way approximating this, but for

the present it may be considered as allied to Thiasophila. The

anterior tarsi are five-jointed, apparently without the slightest

Coleopterological Notices, V. 301

doubt, which will prevent us from placing the genus among the

allies of Colpodota.

A. fusiformis un. sp.—Rather stout, black, the elytra just visibly rufo-

piceous; legs and antenne throughout pale; -integuments finely but not

strongly reticulate, rather shining, the head very sparsely, obsoletely punc-

tate, more coarsely so toward the sides and base; pronotum finely, not densely

and obsoletely, the elytra strongly, closely and asperately punctate, the abdo-

men more sparsely, feebly and subasperatelyv, very sparsely so toward apex;

pubescence short, coarse, decumbent, moderately distinct, sparser on the abdo-

men, the latter bristling with long erect sete toward apex. Head orbicular,

wider than long, about three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, strongly, evenly

convex; eyes not prominent, at rather less than their own length from the

base; antenne long, slender, fully attaining the middle of the elytra, the

fourth and fifth joints longer than wide, about two-thirds as long as the third,

outer joints rather loosely connected, very feebly increasing in width, the tenth

not distinetly wider than long, eleventh pointed, as long as the two preceding.

Prothorax three-fourths wider than long; sides broadly arcuate, subparallel

toward base, becoming straighter and distinctly convergent in apical half;

base broadly, strongly arcuate, much wider than the truneate apex, becom-

ing feebly subsinuate near the basal angles, which are obtuse and slightly

rounded ; apical angles only feebly deflexed, rounded; disk transversely,

strongly convex, very obsoletely impressed along the median line toward the

middle, the posterior margin strongly beaded. lytra two-fifths wider than

long, at base scareely as wide as the pronotal disk, but at apex distinctly

wider, about one-third longer ; sides distinctly divergent, subarcuate ; humeri

concealed ; disk rather strongly, indefinitely impressed on the suture behind

the scutellum. Addomen equal in length to the anterior parts, at base slightly

narrower than the elytra, the apex of the fifth segment scareely more than

ene-half as wide as the elytral apex; tergites, except the first, perfectly even,

not impressed, broadly, feebly convex toward the abdominal apex. Length

2.1 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

New York (near the city). Mr. H. H. Smith.

The single specimen in my cabinet has no sexual marks of promi-

menee; the sixth tergite is feebly exserted, much narrower than the

fifth, with its apex feebly, evenly sinuato-truneate.

THIASOPHILA Kraatz.

The American species of this genus resemble the European

angulata Hr., in all essential points of structure, sculpture and

vestiture, but have the prothorax a trifle wider near the base, and

the abdomen more parallel and much more distinctly narrower than

the elytra. The genus is widely diffused throughout the subarctic

302 Coleopterological Notices, V.

portions of the continent. The three species here brought to notice

may be readily distinguished as follows :—

Elytra but slightly longer than the prothorax, the apical angles of the latter

blunt but rather distinct ; antennz shorter and less incrassate.

Abdomen less elongate, slightly narrower than the elytra, strongly distinctly

and moderately densely punctate, the dorsal plates strongly transverse.

laticollis

Abdomen longer, much narrower than the elytra, very finely densely and

indistinctly punctate, the dorsal plates less than twice as wide as long.

angustiventris

Elytra decidedly longer than the prothorax, the apical angles of the latter

more broadly ronnded; abdomen nearly as in Jaticollis, but differing con-

spicuously in coloration ; size small ...........c.ccscceseseeseorereenee AS PeKata

J am unable at present to say anything about the habits of these

insects, but in Europe they are generally inquilinous with ants.

T. laticollis n. sp.—Rather stout and convex, dark piceo-rufous, the

abdomen uniformly blackish but pale at the apex; legs and antennz rufo-

testaceous, the latter just visibly clouded toward the middle; head finely

but strongly, the pronotum more finely and very densely, the elytra strongly

densely and subasperately punctate ; abdomen with imbricate sculpture, gradu-

ally disappearing behind, the punctures fine but strong, isolated and distinct,

sparse toward tip; pubescence very short, stiff and rather dense. Head orbicu-

lar, not as long as wide, but slightly more than one-half as wide as the pro-

thorax; eyes large, prominent, at less than their own length from the base ;

tempora convergent and broadly rounded behind them; antennz a little longer

than the head and prothorax, rather slender, feebly incrassate, the joints

somewhat compactly united, the first and third subequal, longer than the

second, fourth and fifth slightly longer than wide, tenth searcely visibly

wider than long, eleventh as long as the two preceding, pointed, constricted

just beyond the middle. Prothorax transverse, not quite twice as wide as long,

the apex subtruncate, about three-fourths as wide as the base, the latter

broadly, feebly arcuate, distinctly sinuate near the basal angles, which are

nearly right though slightly blunt; sides convergent and feebly arcuate in

apical two-thirds, just visibly convergent in basal third; disk even. Elytra

transverse, at base quite distinctly narrower than the prothorax, slightly

Jonger than the latter; sides just visibly areuate; disk rather convex, feebly,

indefinitely impressed on the suture toward base. Abdomen—when contracted

—scarcely as long as the anterior parts, parallel, slightly but distinctly nar-

rower than the elytra, the border thick ; first three segments feebly and gradu-

ally less distinctly impressed at base; fourth and fifth equal. Length 2.7

mm.; width 0.8 mm.

New York. :

The single specimen is of undetermined sex; it represents a larger

broader and more distinctly sculptured species than the following.

Coleopterological Notices, V. 303

T. angustiventris n. sp.—Rather convex, dark red-brown, the abdo-

men darker with the apex pale; legs and antenne throughout pale brownish-

flavate; anterior parts rather dull, finely, extremely densely but somewhat

distinctly, subasperately punctate, the elytra a little less densely and sub-

rugosely; abdomen more shining, minutely, much less closely punctulate ;

pubescence very short but somewhat coarse and close, distinct, long and

sparsely fimbriate at the apices of the abdominal segments. Head wider than

long, three-fifths as wide as the prothorax ; antenne much longer than the

head and prothorax, moderately incrassate. Prothorax fully three-fourths

wider than long, the sides very feebly convergent from base to apex, broadly,

nearly evenly arcuate from above, widest just behind the middle; apex

broadly sinuate; apical angles deflexed, obtuse, not rounded ; basal obtuse,

rather prominent, not in the least rounded; base broadly arcuate, just visibly

sinuate near the basal angles; disk broadly, evenly convex. Elytra one-half

wider than long, broadly, deeply emarginate at apex, very slightly longer

than the prothorax and equally wide; sides subparallel, very feebly arcuate ;

base equal to the pronotal base; humeri not in the least visible; disk trans-

versely convex, just visibly impressed behind the scutellum. Abdomen at

base much narrower than the elytra, much longer than the anterior parts ;

sides parallel and straight but convergent toward apex; border thick. Length

2.0-2.4 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Rhode Island; Florida; Iowa.

Readily identifiable by the wide convex pronotum and elytra and

abruptly narrow parallel abdomen; the prothorax is less strongly

narrowed anteriorly than in laticollvs.

T. asperata n. sp.—Subparallel, somewhat convex, red-brown; legs

and antenne throughout pale, flavescent ; head piceous; abdomen brighter

red, with the fourth segment piceous-black ; head and abdomen very minutely,

sparsely punctulate; pronotum and elytra strongly, asperately, densely and

equally punctured ; pubescence short, stiff, subrecumbent, rather dense and

distinct, sparse on the abdomen. Head orbicular, as long as wide, three-fifths

as wide as the prothorax; antenne moderately incrassate, much longer than

the head and prothorax, outer joints slightly transverse. Prothorax rather

more than three-fourths wider than long, throughout nearly as in angustiven-

tris, but with the apical angles distinctly rounded when viewed laterally, and

the basal obtuse and just visibly blunt. lytra scarcely as wide as the pro-

thorax and fully one-third longer, the apex transversely truncate, just visibly

sinuate toward the middle and deeply so near each external angle; sides

parallel and almost straight ; humeri not in the least exposed ; base equal to

the pronotal base; disk not distinctly impressed and but slightly more than

one-third wider than long. Abdomen only slightly but distinctly narrower

than the elytra, scarcely longer than the anterior parts; sides straight and

parallel, feebly convergent toward apex ; first five segments exactly equal in

length. Legs, coxe and tarsi as in angustiventris. Length 2.0 mm.; width

0.5 mm.

304 Coleopterological Notices, V.

California (Lake Tahoe and Truckee).

A much smaller species than laticollis, with more rounded apical

angles of the prothorax and somewhat longer elytra; the pronotal

sculpture is coarser than in angustiventris.

ISOGLOSSA n. gen.

Body rather stout, subfusiform, eonvex. Head small, not at all

constricted at base, well inserted, the eyes large, sparsely setose, at

less than their own length from the base; labrum very short, trans-

versely arched and feebly produced in the middle in a rounded lobe ;

infralateral carina strong. Antenne long, very feebly incrassate,

the first three joints long, subequal in length; fourth feebly obconi-

cal, longer than wide; outer joints moderately close, searcely visibly

wider than long; eleventh conoidal, pointed, barely as long as the

two preceding. Mentum large, transversely trapezoidal, truneate ;_

ligula with a slender deflexed and simple terminal process; labial

palpi slender, three-jointed. Maxillary palpi normal, the fourth

joint long and distinet. Prothorax feebly transverse, the basal

angles rounded; hypomera subhorizontal, in part visible from the

side. Elytra large and well developed. Abdomen feebly narrowed

from the base, the first three segments impressed at base; fifth

longer than the fourth. Anterior coxe very large; intermediate

almost completely contiguous. Metasternum large, the side-pieces

moderate in width, parallel, not extending beyond the elytra. Legs

long; tibie densely clothed with even and equal stiff inclined sete,

not in the least spinulose; tarsi 5-5-5-jointed, slender, the posterior

distinctly shorter than the tibiz, with the basal joint very long,

equal to the last and rather longer than the next two together ;

claws long, slender, feebly arcuate.

The feeble inflexion of the hypomera seems to ally this genus to

Thiasophila and Stichoglossa, particularly the latter, but the antennve

are much more elongate and the sculpture and facies very different.

I. arcuata n. sp.—Stout, polished throughout, dark piceous-brown, the

antenne concolorous but paler 1oward base; abdomen black, with the apices

of the first three segments slightly pale; legs pale flavate throughout; head

and pronotum very minutely, extremely sparsely punctate, the elytra rather

more reticulate, the reticulations transverse, more strongly, rather closely

punctate; abdomen finely, not densely punctate, the punctures extremely re-

mote toward apex; head, pronotum and abdomen coarsely, extremely sparsely

pubescent, the elytra more finely and decidedly densely so. Head barely

Coleopterological Notices, V. 309

three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, distinctly transverse; antennze much

longer than the head and prothorax combined, the eleventh joint not paler.

Prothorax transversely subelliptical, one-half wider than long; sides sub-

parallel, a little more convergent anteriorly, strongly arcuate from above;

base slightly wider than the apex, strongly, evenly arcuate throughout, not

at all sinuate near the basal angles, which are very obtuse and distinctly

rounded ; apical angles strongly deflexed, even somewhat inflexed, broadly

rounded ; disk strongly convex, with the median line very feebly impressed

and a large rounded and rather strongly impressed dent in the middle just

before the base. Flytra large, but slightly wider than long, one-fifth wider

and nearly one-half longer than the prothorax, at base fully as wide as the

pronotal disk; humeri very slightly visible, rounded; sides subparallel,

slightly arcuate; apex subtruncate, the lateral sinuations distinct ; disk sub-

convex, broadly, strongly impressed along the suture, especially toward base.

Abdomen quite distinctly shorter than the anterior parts, not more than three-

fourths longer than the elytra when moderately contracted, at base slightly

narrower than the elytra; sides convergent and just visibly arcuate to the

apex, the apex of the fifth segment barely two-thirds as wide as the first ;

border strong. Length 3.0 mm.; width 0.95 mm.

California (Lake Tahoe).

The large elytra, transversely elliptical and polished pronotum,

with the pronounced rounded subbasal indentation and long antenne

will readily distinguish this species.

OCYUSA Kraatz.

The following species agrees satisfactorily in form and structural

characters with O. procidua, but has a totally different system of

sculpture; there appears, however, to be considerable disparity

among the European species, which have been separated into sub-

genera by Rey.

©. asperula n. sp.—Subparallel, rather stout, compact and convex,

black, the legs and basal parts of the antenne dark rufo-testaceous, polished,

the punctures of the head and pronotum fine, not very dense and strongly

granuliform, of the elytra sparse, strongly asperate, of the abdomen coarser,

nearly normal, not dense but coarser and very dense on the fourth and fifth

segments toward base; pubescence fine, sparse but rather long. Head trans-

versely orbicular, distinctly shorter and narrower than the prothorax ; sides

parallel and rounded; eyes at rather more than their own length from the

base; antenne nearly as long as the prothorax and elytra, thick toward apex,

second joint fully one-half longer than the third, the latter obconical, twice

as long as wide, fourth obconical, slightly longer than wide, four to ten sub-

equal in length but evenly, perfectly gradually and conspicuously increasing

in width, the tenth strongly transverse, eleventh ogival, obtuse. Prothorax

306 Coleopterological Notices, V.

large and evenly, strongly convex, nearly one-half wider than long, widest:

just before the middle, the sides feebly convergent and nearly straight thence

to the base, broadly rounded to the apex which is broadly arcuate; base

arcuate, rather wider than the apex; basal angles obtuse and slighty rounded.

Elytra strongly transverse, slightly shorter than the prothorax, at base just

visibly narrower than the latter but equal at apex, the sides very feebly

divergent, nearly straight. Abdomen a little longer than the anterior parts,

as wide as the elytra; sides subparallel but convergent behind ; border thick

toward base; first three segments impressed at base; fifth longer than the

fourth. Legs moderate ; tarsi all distinctly five-jointed, the posterior slender,

distinctly shorter than the tibia, the first joint fully as long as the next two;

middle coxe very slightly separated, the mesosternal process acute, prolonged

for nearly two-thirds their length, with the apex slightly free. Ungues long,

very slender, feebly and evenly arcuate. Length 1.6-1.75 mm. ; width 0.6 mm.

Towa; Rhode Island. |

Rather abundant and probably occurring in moss. The infra-

ocular ridge is very strong and well developed, the hypomera

feebly inflexed and visible from the side.

PHLG@OPORA Erichs.

A specimen before me labeled ‘‘ North Carolina,” agrees very well

with the original description of latens Er., but has the elytra gradu-

ally paler from base to apex and the body rather smaller, measuring |

only 1.8 mm., while Erichson gives the length as ‘1+ lin.;” the

first four segments of the abdomen are almost equally impressed

at base. The following is a larger, more linear species, altogether

different in facies, but having all the principal structural features of

Phleeopora :—

P. ferruginea n. sp.—Pale yellowish-ferruginous, the head a little

darker ; abdomen brighter rufous, with a subapical piceous cloud ; legs pale;

antenne fuscous, pale toward base; head and pronotum finely, densely reticu-

late and dull, very minutely, indistinctly punctate, the latter almost opaque ;

elytra a little less dull, very minutely, densely but quite distinctly punctate,

the abdomen shining, finely, subasperately, rather closely punctate, with the

pubescence long, sparse but distinct; pubescence of the anterior parts fine,

Short, dense and distinct but not conspicuous. Head much shorter and nar-

rower than the prothorax, the antenne as long as the head and prothorax,

not very stout; eyes at their own length from the base. Prothorax fully one-

third wider than long, widest just before the middle, the sides broadly, evenly

rounded to the apex which is broadly and feebly arcuate, distinctly conver-

gent and very feebly sinuate to the base, the latter broadly arcuate and

slightly wider than the apex; basal angles obtuse; disk evenly convex.

Elytra distinetly wider than long, scarcely perceptibly wider and longer than

Coleopterological Notices, V. . 307

the prothorax; sides subparallel, very feebly arcuate; humeri slightly ex-

posed ; disk indefinitely impressed along the suture toward base. Abdomen

long, very much longer than the anterior parts, slightly narrower than the

elytra; sides straight and parallel ; border thick ; dorsal plates scarcely twice

as wide as long. Length 2.3 mm.; width 0.5 mm.

Pennsylvania.

The large opaque prothorax, about as wide before the middle as

the elytra, and long testaceous abdomen with subapical cloud, will

render the identification of this species at all times easy. It is

probable that ferruginea will be regarded as forming a subgenus

of Phlceopora, and I therefore give below some of its more im-

portant structural characters :— : ,

Body linear, thick and convex. Head parallel at the sides,

rounded and constricted behind, not deeply inserted, the neck not

quite two-thirds as wide as the head; eyes moderate, before the

middle; infralateral carina obsolete. Antenne short, slender, very

feebly incrassate, the second joint about as long as the next two;

third obconical, twice as long as wide; outer joints strongly trans-

verse, not very densely pubescent and with intermixed short stiff

sete ; eleventh small, compressed, conoidal, as long as the two pre-

ceding. Mentum moderate, transverse, trapezoidal. Maxillary palpi

normal. lLigula with a cylindrical process, which is extremely

minutely eleft at apex. Pronotal hypomera feebly inflexed and

distinct viewed laterally, narrowed but not obsolete near apex and

thence widening and distinct along the oblique apical parts to the

neck. Abdomen with the first four segments equally and rather

strongly impressed at base; fifth very slightly longer than the

fourth. Intermediate cox very narrowly separated. Metaster-

num ample, the episterna moderate, parallel; epimera nearly as

wide behind as the episterna, disappearing under the elytra at the

middle. Legs rather short, femora noticeably stout; tibiae slender ;

tarsi 5-5-5-jointed, the posterior very slender, three-fourths as long

as the tibiz, with the first joint as long as the next two, the fifth as

long as the first two together.

NASIREMA 0. gen.

Body slender, parallel, rather convex Head orbicular, feebly

constricted at base, the neck very wide; eyes small, at twice their

length from the base; infralateral carina very feeble, not entire ;

labrum short and transverse. Antenne strongly thickened toward

308 Coleopterological Notices, V.

apex, distant at base, the second joint much longer than the third,

the latter strongly obconical, not twice as long as wide; third to

tenth very short, perfoliate and transverse; eleventh oblong, not

compressed, obtuse at apex, rather longer than the two preceding ;

pubescence toward tip very short dense and uniform, without trace

of erect sete. Maxillary palpi moderate, normal; second and third

joints equal in length; fourth oblique, distinct. Mentum very short

and transverse, trapezoidal, truncate. Ligula with an acutely

triangular median process; labial palpi small, very slender, three-

jointed, the last joint as long as the two preceding. Prothorax

small, the hypomera feeblv inflexed, distinct when viewed laterally,

terminating at apical fourth. Elytra well-developed. Abdomen

parallel, the first three Segments equally and strongly impressed at

base; fifth much longer than the fourth; second not longer than

the first. Mesosternal process extending between the narrowly

separated coxe for nearly two-thirds of their length, with the apex

slightly blunt. Metasternum large. Legs short, rather stout,

hairy; tarsi 5-5-5-jointed, the posterior short, very much shorter

than the tibie, the first joint not longer than the next two together,

the fifth longer than the preceding two; ungues long, slender, sim-

ple and feebly arcuate.

This genus is closely allied to Phlceopora, but differs in its less

depressed body, thicker and non-setulose antenne, much more

abbreviated hypomera, smaller eyes, broader neck, and in having

only three of the abdominal segments deeply impressed at base.

N. humilis n. sp.—Narrow, rufo-ferruginous, the head and abdomen

except at apex darker. more piceous; antenne throughout and legs flavate ;

integuments feebly shining, finely, moderately densely, subasperately punc-

tate, distinctly and rather densely pubescent, the hairs subrecumbent, and,

on the pronotum, streaming transversely from the median line. Head small,

nearly as long as wide, much smaller than the prothorax, convex, even, the

antenne as long as the prothorax and elytra. Prothorax small, but slightly

wider than long, widest just before the middle, the sides broadly arcuate and

feebly convergent anteriorly to the apex, feebly convergent and slightly sinuate

behind the middle to the basal angles, which are obtuse and slightly blunt;

base broadly, feebly arcuate; disk evenly, rather strongly convex, very obso-

letely, transversely impressed near the base before the scutellum. Elytra

slightly wider than long, two-fifths longer and fully one-third wider than the

prothorax ; sides parallel, very feebly arcuate; humeri distinctly exposed at

base. Abdomen longer than the anterior parts, in the middle subequal in

width to the elytra; sides parallel, slightly arcuate; border thick; surface

transversely convex, more shining. Basal joint of the hind tarsi not as long

as the next two. Length 2.0 mm.; width 0.5 mm.

Coleopterological Notices, V. 309

Pennsylvania.

The single representative is probably a female, but ie species is

very easily recognizable by reason of the peculiar form of the pro-

thorax, and the disposition of its vestiture.

N. parviceps n. sp.—Slender, thick, convex, black, the legs and an-

_tenne throughout dark rufo-testaceous; integuments rather shining; pubes-

cence fine, somewhat long, subrecumbent and conspicuous; punctuation

minute, moderately close, not conspicuous. Head simall, orbicular, evenly

convex, much shorter and distinctly narrower than the prothorax; eyes

moderate, at nearly twice their length from the base; antenne stout, nearly

as long as the prothorax and elytra; second joint as long as the next two,

third strongly obconical, longer than wide, four to ten forming a long, evenly

cylindrical, subperfoliate club, transverse, eleventh oblong, obtuse; joints

from the fourth clothed with minute dense and even pubescence, without

sparse sete. Prothorax very nearly as long as wide, widest at apical third,

thence broadly arcuate around the entire apex, feebly convergent and nearly

straight to the obtuse basal angles; base broadly arcuate; disk evenly con-

vex, the pubescence oblique. Elytra parallel, slightly wider than long, one-

third longer and nearly one-half wider than the prothorax ; humeri distinctly

exposed and transverse at base; disk strongly impressed just behind the

seutellum. Abdomen parallel, slightly but noticeably narrower than the

elytra, subequal in length to the anterior parts, the first three segments

deeply, the fourth very feebly impressed at base; fifth a little longer than

the fourth. Jegs moderate; basal joint of the hind tarsi as long as the next

two combined. Length 2.0 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Rhode Island.

Readily distinguishable from the preceding by its entirely black

coloration, slightly less slender form, much longer prothorax, widest

more anteriorly, and by many other characters.

OCALIA Erich.

The species here brought to notice resembles the Kuropean punc-

ticollis in general habitus, but differs apparently in the extremely

short and broadly angulate metasternal process behind the middle

coxe,

O. vahicouveri n. sp.—Moderately narrow, convex, black, the legs and

basal parts of the antenne rufo-testaceous ; integuments polished; head and

pronotum very finely and rather sparsely punctate, the elytra more coarsely

and decidedly densely so, the abdomen very finely and sparsely; pubescence

short, decumbent, moderately close, very sparse on the abdomen. Head orbicu-

lar, as long as wide, slightly shorter and narrower than the prothorax, con-

vex; eyes at a little more than their length from the base; antenne long and

310 | Coleopterological Notices, V.

slender, very slightly incrassate, rather more than attaining the middle of the

elytra, the first three joints elongate, subequal, the first slightly the stoutest,

fourth distinctly longer than wide, tenth just visibly wider than long, eleventh

small, conoidal, pointed, not as long as the two preceding. Prothorax but

slightly wider than long, widest just before the middle, the sides broadly

arcuate and distinctly convergent anteriorly, much more feebly convergent

and distinctly sinuate to the base which is broadly arcuate and much wider

than the apex; apical angles greatly deflexed and rounded ; basal obtuse and

distinctly rounded ; disk strongly convex, very obsoletely impressed along the

median line, with a feeble rounded impression in the middle just before the

base. lytra large, quadrate, two-fifths wider and longer than the prothorax ;

sides subparallel; humeri broadly exposed at base; surface strongly, broadly

impressed just behind the scutellum; suture excessively finely margined.

Abdomen rather longer than the anterior parts, distinctly narrower than the

elytra; sides parallel, becoming feebly convergent near the apex; border

rather deep; first three segments strongly, the fourth feebly, impressed at

base; fourth and fifth subequal; sixth exposed, rounded. Legs moderate in

length, slender ; posterior tibiz very slender, nearly equally thick through-

out, the tarsi much shorter, filiform, the basal joint rather longer than the

next.two and fully as long as the last. Length 4.0 mm.; width 0.95 mm.

Vancouver Island. Mr. Wickham.

The middle coxe are large oblique and narrowly separated, the

acetabula deep and acutely limited on all sides except the long

isthmus, which separates the acute apex of the prosternal process—

extending two-thirds the length of the coxe—from the extremely

short obtuse metasternal process, the latter scarcely entering at all

between the cox. The neck is much wider than in puncticollis.

CALLICERUS Grav.

It is difficult to understand just why this genus is still placed

among the allies of Atheta, for in my specimen of rigidicornis

from the Caucasus, the anterior tarsi are as distinctly five-jointed

as in any species of Aleochara; the facies also indicates its affinity

with Llyobates.

C. puberulus n. sp.—Subparallel, moderately stout, convex, slightly

shining, the abdomen polished, dark brown, the elytra, apices of the tergites,

legs and basal parts of the antenne paler, obscure rufous ; punctuation of the

head rather strong and moderately sparse, of the pronotum finer, very dense

and rather feeble, of the elytra coarser, rather close and subasperate, of the

abdomen moderately sparse but distinct, subasperate, extending to the base

of the segments; pubescence rather long, dense and conspicuous, sparse on

the abdomen. Head orbicular, longer than wide, only slightly but distinctly

narrower than the prothorax, even, convex; eyes at much more than their own

Coleopterological Notices, V. 311

length from the base; antenne long, feebly incrassate, rather loose, extend-

ing almost to the end of the elytra, the basal joint a little longer and thicker

than the second or third, the latter similar, subequal and elongate, four to

ten feebly obconical, very slightly increasing in width, the latter barely per-

ceptibly wider than long, eleventh not wider, as long as the two preceding

together ; ligular process slender, elongate, apparently simple; labial palpi

well developed, the two basal joints subequal in width and strongly united.

Prothorax but slightly wider than long, widest near apical third where the

sides are broadly subangulate, feebly convergent and rounded to the apex,

equally convergent and straight to the base, the latter broadly, strongly

arcuate and as wide as the subtruncate apex ; apical angles deflexed, narrowly

rounded ; basal obtuse but distinct; hypomera greatly visible from the side,

not extending to the apex; disk transversely convex, very broadly, feebly

impressed in the middle toward base. Slytra large, slightly wider than long,

one-half wider and nearly one-half longer than the prothorax ; sides parallel,

very feebly arcuate; humeri broadly exposed at base; disk evenly convex,

not impressed, the suture strongly margined. Abdomen distinctly narrower

than the elytra but wider than the prothorax, much longer than the anterior

parts; sides perfectly straight and parallel from the base to the apex of the

fifth segment, the latter fully one-half longer than the fourth; first four

‘strongly impressed at base. Legs long, slender; posterior tarsi long, a little

shorter than the tibie, the first joint as long as the next two and rather longer

than the fifth. Length 4.7 mm.; width 1.2 mm.

New York.

The middle coxe are narrowly separated, the mesosternal process

very long and slender, subacute at apex, the metasternal short, but

slightly prolonged, rounded at tip and not attaining the apex of the

mesosternal, the isthmus short. This species appears to be con-

generic with rigidicornis, but the antenne are much less incrassate

and the terminal joint is more slender.

ECHIDNOGLOSSA Woll.

In conformity with the views of Mr. Fauvel, I have placed the

Species previously described under the name Colusa Csy., in Wollas-

ton’s genus, although it is difficult to understand the statement under

the original diagnosis of Echidnoglossa, to the effect that the elytra

are “greatly abbreviated,” if the two genera are identical. Rey

‘introduced some confusion, which seems to be still maintained in

the European catalogues, by placing the Corsican representative in

a hypothetical Echidnoglossa, having four-jointed anterior tarsi and

allied to Falagria; the tarsi in the American species are all five-

jointed without the slightest doubt, and they are so described also by

Wollaston for the type-species occurring in the Island of Teneriffe.

312 Coleopterological Notices, V.

In the United States the genus, whatever it may prove to be, is

somewhat widely diffused and diversified in species, extending from

the Pacific coast to the Great Lakes; I have not yet seen it from

the Atlantic regions however, although it possibly occurs here.

The characters employed in my former tabular statement are

variable and difficult to observe, and the species may be much more

conveniently distinguished as follows :—

Abdomen strongly narrowed toward base.

Tarsi with two long slender divergent claws.

Elytral suture much longer than the pronotum.

Antenne long, very much exceeding in length the head and prothorax

combined. z

Larger and stouter, very densely punctate species, the first two ven

tral plates densely and strongly cribrate............00.e0.05-- WALIGA

Smaller and more slender, the abdomen beneath finely and sparsely

punctate, only the basal segment more coarsely so (eatlis Csy.).

eximia

Antenne short and slender, not longer than the head and prothorax,

the outer joints strongly transverse ; species small ... DreViCOrnis

Elytral suture scarcely perceptibly longer than the pronotum.

Body rather less slender, the head semi-circularly rounded behind,

Michigan.... @86 e25 088 888 ©8686 065 068 © 088 266 OER O88 OSH OHH OHH OHH HHS HHH OBE . lacustris

Very slender, the head narrower and more parabolic behind from eye

to €yes) Paci COASE ...is se sevceneryccocevonecss owe ostrasuides seven see Kiam @ Mmm

Tarsi with a single claw, composed of two somewhat shorter claws closely

united or connate, the dividing suture fine put distinct throughout the

length ; body slender, the elytral suture scarcely visibly longer than the

PLOWOCUM 6 see coma ies codes claw end wnere ncn oieiy Seiiacita.c miata cain oat ate Sect ey AD MRS MA ESTEE

Abdomen much wider, very feebly narrowed toward base.

Punctuation normal, the abdomen sparsely pubescent; prothorax normal,

fully as long as wide.

Antenne longer, slender; head finely, ane sparsely punctate.

monticola

Antenne shorter and more incrassate, but slightly longer than the head

and prothorax ; head finely but densely and strongly cribrate through-

COTE Sens sesoneiodh oLacmaern Sood ansnNcoasagecusntie i: dec angenb cas . lativentris

Punctuation of as upper surface excessively fie An aoe throughout,

the abdomen extremely minutely, densely pubescent; prothorax larger,

Wider thaw LONG. cies coreouccvices scviece conser vssedase'-deeocsne cone. SMMC CONAN

EHailis cannot be maintained as a distinct species, and there

appears to be very noticeable sexual variation in the size of the

prothorax and color of the body, the former being ralatively larger

in the male, and the female often being paler. The following species

of the above table are believed to be hitherto undescribed :—

Coleopterological Notices, V. 313

E. brevicornis.—Somewhat stout, convex, black; legs and basal parts

of the antennex paler, dark rufous; integuments polished, very minutely,

sparsely punctate, the elytra rather more strongly and closely so; pubescence

moderate in length, sparse on the abdomen. Head fully as wide as the pro-

thorax, the neck two-fifths as wide as the width across the eyes, the latter

rather large, at rather more than their own length from the base; antenne

short, the first joint slightly shorter than the second, the latter more than

twice as long as wide and distinctly longer than the third, which is obconical,

four to ten subequal in length but greatly increasing in width, the latter twice

as wide as the fourth and nearly twice as wide as long, eleventh as long as

the two preceding. JProthorux as long, as wide, widest at two-fifths from the

apex, where the sides are strongly rounded and rather prominent, thence

rapidly convergent to the neck and feebly convergent and very slightly sinuate

to the base, the latter very feebly arcuate; disk strongly convex, even, with

a slight transverse impression near the base. Llytra large, quadrate, three-

fourths wider and nearly one-half longer than the prothorax, the sides parallel

and straight, convergent and rounded near the apex; humeri rounded, promi-

nent and widely exposed; disk strongly, broadly impressed on the suture

behind the scutellum. Abdomen moderate in length, at base three-fifths, and

at the apex of the third segment four fifths, as wide as the elytra; segments

equal in length, the first three very strongly impressed and coarsely, densely

sculptured at base. Legs and tarsinormal. Length 2.0mm.; width 0.55 mm.

California.

The smallest species of the genus and decidedly aberrant, not

only in its shorter antenne but much broader neck and truncate

median parts of the base of the head. A single specimen.

E. lacustris.—Slender, convex, dark rufo-piceous or paler, the last two

segments of the abdomen blackish; legs pale rufo-testaceous ; antenne slightly

paler toward base; punctures fine and well separated but strong and distinct,

more asperate on the elytra, finer and very sparse on the abdomen except in

the basal impressions, which are coarsely and closely sculptured as usual;

pubescence rather long, subrecumbent, not very dense. Head as long as wide,

fully as wide as the prothorax, the neck slightly exceeding one-third of the

width at the eyes, the latter small, at much more than twice their length from

the base; antennez long and slender, although distinctly incrassate, extending

nearly to the middle of the elytra, the first three joints elongate, subequal in

length, four to ten shorter, subequal in length, the first much longer than

wide, the latter very slightly transverse, eleventh gradually pointed toward

apex, barely as long as the two preceding. Prothorax fully as long as wide,

widest at two-fifths from the apex, where the sides are narrowly rounded,

thence rapidly convergent to the neck and feebly convergent, broadly and

distinctly sinuate to the base, the latter subtruncate, fully twice as wide as

the apex; disk strongly, evenly convex, not impressed, the punctures more

densely crowded toward the median line as usual. Elytra one-half wider and

slightly longer than the prothorax, the sides parallel, nearly straight, con-

Annats N. Y. Acap. Sci., VII, Oct. 1893.—21

314 Coleopterological Notices, V.

vergent and arcuate in posterior third; humeri rounded to the prothorax,

exposed, each elytron very feebly, obliquely sigmoid at apex, the external

angles prolonged as usual; disk convex, feebly, narrowly impressed on the

suture behind the scutellum. Abdomen not as long as the anterior parts, at

base three-fourths as wide as the elytra, and, at the tip of the third segment,

fully as wide as the latter. Legs long, slender, the posterior tarsi short, the

basal joint elongate. Length 3.0 mm.; width 0.7 mm.

Michigan.

The description is taken from the male, which, throughout the

genus, has the sixth ventral plate relatively small and acutely tri-

angular in form. The female is paler, rather stouter and somewhat

more densely punctate. In both sexes, but especially in the female,

the pronotum is extremely obsoletely impressed along the median

line. The posterior tarsi, as usual, are about three-fifths as long as

the tibize, with the basal joint fully as long as the next two, the

following three equal among themselves.

E. brendeli.—Slender, convex, piceous-black, the abdomen feebly rufes-

cent toward base; legs throughout and antenne toward base dark rufous ;

integuments polished, finely, somewhat strongly, rather closely punctate, the

abdomen very sparsely so except at the base of the segments, the elytra

strongly and conspicuously but not very densely punctate; pubescence rather

long and distinct, extremely sparse on the abdomen. ead fully as long as

wide, rather longer than the prothorax, the neck one-third as broad as the

width across the eyes, the latter moderate, at scarcely twice their length from

the base; antenne long, the three basal joints subequal in length, the first

slightly thicker, fourth much longer than wide, tenth abont as long as wide.

Prothorax nearly as in lacustris, the disk feebly impressed and more densely

punctate along the median line. lytra two-fifths wider and scarcely percep-

tibly longer than the prothorax; sides parallel, convergent and rounded

toward apex; humeri rounded, exposed; disk strongly convex, strongly im-

pressed on the suture behind the scutellum. Abdomen nearly as long as the

anterior parts, at base three-fourths as wide as the elytra, fully as wide as the

latter at the apex of the third segment. JZegs long and slender; tarsi normal,

the first joint of the posterior fully as long as the next two; claws connate

throughout their length, rather shorter than usual. Length 3.0 mm.; width

0.65 mm.

Iowa (Cedar Rapids). Dr. E. Brendel.

The extraordinary character relating to the tarsal claws is con-

firmed by a careful examination of all the twelve tarsi of the two

males in my cabinet; otherwise, the species is perfectly normal,

differing from lacustris only in its more slender form, smaller pro-

thorax, smaller and especially shorter elytra, and relatively larger

Coleopterological Notices, V. 315

head, showing that connate tarsal claws are of even less taxonomic

- significance here than in some parts of the Barini.

E. monticola.—Somewhat stout, convex, black, shining; abdomen

subrufescent toward base; legs dark rufous; antenne rufo-piceous toward

base; punctuation fine and very dense, a little coarser on the elytra, sparser

on the abdomen, fine and not extremely dense on the head; pubescence rather

long, dense and conspicuous, sparser on the abdomen, where it is however

closer than in the preceding species. Head rather longer than wide, the neck »

one-third of the width, rather wider than the prothorax, convex ; eyes very

distant from the base, well developed; antenne extending to the middle of

the elytra, slender, feebly incrassate, the first three joints elongate, subequal

in length, tenth scarcely visibly wider than long. Prothorax fully as long as

wide, widest at two-fifths from the apex, the sides there strongly rounded,

rapidly convergent to the neck, and rather strongly convergent and nearly

straight to the base, the latter feebly arcuate and distinctly more than twice

as wide as the apex ; disk strongly convex, with a rather strong subquadrate

impression in the middle before the base. Llytra large, quadrate, two-thirds

wider and one-third longer than the prothorax; sides parallel and straight

except very near the apex; humeri very widely exposed ; disk strongly im-

pressed on the suture behind the scutellum. Abdomen much shorter than the

anterior parts, at base four-fifths as wide as the elytra, and, at the apex of

the third segment, fully as wide as the latter, coarsely, densely punctate in

the three basal impressions as usual. Legs long, slender; tarsi and claws

normal, the latter long, slender, feebly arcuate and moderately divergent.

Length 3.25 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

Colorado.

Readily distinguishable from the preceding species by the broader,

less narrowed abdomen, which is however only a difference of

degree; in generic structure it agrees perfectly with the others. A

‘single male.

KE. lativentris.—Broader, black throughout; antenne scarcely piceous

toward base; legs dark ruto-piceous, the tarsi paler; integuments polished,

rather sparsely but strongly punctate, the punctures of the entire upper sur-

face of the head, and of the pronotum toward the median line, coarser, very

deep, dense and perforate, on the abdomen fine and sparse except in the im-

pressions ; pubescence rather sparse but distinct, still sparser on the abdomen.

Head rather longer than wide with the neck one-third as wide, rather wider

than the prothorax; eyes moderate, before the middle as usual; antenne

extending to about basal third of the elytra, incrassate toward apex, first

three joints elongate, subequal in length, tenth quite distinctly wider than

long. rothorax about as long as wide, formed as in the preceding species,

the sides broadly sinuate as well as convergent in basal three-fifths. Llytra

not quite as long as wide, two-thirds wider and about one-fourth longer than

. the prothorax, the sides parallel and feebly arcuate ; humeri widely exposed;

316 Coleopterological Notices, V.

disk convex and impressed throughout on the suture. Abdomen much shorter

than the anterior parts, at base four-fifths as wide as the elytra, but, near the

apex, only slightly wider than at base. Legs moderate; tarsi normal, the

first joint of the posterior fully as long as the next two; two to four equal, or

the second rather shorter than the fourth ; fifth longer than the first. Length

2.9 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

Montana (Mullan). Mr. H. F. Wickham.

Allied to monticola, but differing in its shorter, more sparsely

punctured elytra, smaller prothorax, without the deep subbasal

fovea and with merely a feeble transverse erosion, more coarsely

deeply and densely punctured head and rather shorter antenne.

MyRMEDONIIDES.

Antenne l]-jointed ; tarsi 4-5-5-jointed.

This is the largest, and by far the most complex and difficult

division of the Aleocharini.

TINOTUS Sharp.

This remarkable genus greatly resembles Deinopsis in the outline

of the body, but has the pronotum very strongly convex and ‘deeply

indented in the male. The individuals vary greatly in size. The

two species known to me may be readily separated as follows :—

Abdomen with elongate punctures; head broadly, eta excavated nearly

throughout its width in the male ...........0. e000 eons ..Caviceps

Abdomen with coarsely and Poeun tration ule ; hidad in the male

broadly, evenly convex and Normal... ..ccccsecoeececee coves cee oe A MDPICAtUS

The sculpture of the integuments is strong, pronounced and beau-

tifully regular.

TT. caviceps n. sp.—Rather broad, subfusiform, thick, flattened above,

the pronotum very convex; integuments feebly shining, black, the legs

throughout and antenne toward base dark rufo-testaceous ; pubescence short,

recumbent, moderately dense, very coarse, pale fulvous and distinct, sparser

on the abdomen, each segment with a long porrect fringe at apex; anterior

parts finely, strongly reticulate, the abdomen polished ; punctures of the head

and pronotum fine, of the elytra rather coarse and rugose, not very dense, of

the abdomen not dense, each composed of two long deep parallel strie united

anteriorly at the point of attachment of the hair. Head small, three-fifths as

wide as the prothorax; eyes moderate, at nearly their own length from the

base; antenne rather longer than the head and prothorax, somewhat thick,

Coleopterological Notices, V. a Lit

the second and third joints equal, the latter obconical, more than twice as

long as wide, fourth slightly wider, quadrate, fifth to tenth transverse, the

latter nearly twice as wide as long, eleventh conoidal, slightly compressed,

nearly as long as the three preceding. Prothorax nearly twice as wide as

long, transversely subelliptical in outline, strongly convex, with a large deep

median dent which does not differ at all in the nature of its pubescence.

Elytra rectangular, parallel, three-fifths wider than long, equal in length and

width to the prothorax, broadly, strongly emarginate at base in circular arc.

Abdomen much longer than the anterior parts, at base nearly as wide as the

elytra; sides feebly arcuate, evenly, feebly convergent from the base; border

thick and strong; surface nearly flat: first and second segments deeply, trans-

versely impressed, the third more feebly ; fifth a little longer than the fourth ;

under surface convex, finely, densely punctate. Legs rather slender, the

posterior tarsi distinctly shorter than the tibie. Length 1.8-2.5 mm.; width

0.6-0.85 mm.

Nevada (Reno). |

The female differs from the above-described male in its slightly

larger size and more robust form, unexcavated head, and in having

a simple, equal, broadly and feebly impressed line along the middle

of the pronotum from base to apex.

T. imbricatus n. sp.—Nearly similar in form to caviceps, piceous-black,

the legs, base of the antennz and apices of the abdominal segments paler ;

head and pronotum dull, very minutely reticulate, strongly and densely so in

the pronotal dent; elytra more coarsely reticulate, more shining and more

strongly, rather densely punctate; abdomen polished, finely punctate and

evenly imbricate ; pubescence of the anterior parts short, coarse, rather dense,

very dense, longer and conspicuous in the pronotal indentation, sparse on the

abdomen. Head small, scarcely three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, feebly,

evenly convex ; eyes large, at less than their length from the base; antenneze

barely as long as the head and prothorax, feebly incrassate, second and third

joints equal, the latter obconical, three times as long as wide, as long as the

next two, eleventh conoidal, not longer than the preceding two. Prothorax

twice as wide as long; sides evenly convergent froin base to apex, broadly,

evenly arcuate; base much wider than the apex, broadly arcuate; basal

angles obtuse but not blunt, very distinct ; disk convex, with a large abrupt

median excavation occupying one-third of the width, extending from the base

nearly to the apex. Llytra very slightly longer and wider than the prothorax ;

sides subparallel, broadly arcuate. Abdomen—extended—nearly twice as long

as the anterior parts, at base nearly as wide as the elytra; sides gradually

convergent from the base; border thick but not very deep; surface nearly

flat; first three segments moderately impressed at base; fourth broadly

emarginate at apex and much shorter than the fifth; middle coxe widely

separated, the mesosternal process broadly truncate. Length 1.6-—2.4 mm. ;

width 0.55-0.7 mm.

318 Coleopterological Notices, V.

New York (Catskill Mts.).

The description is taken from the male; in the female the prono-

tum is almost perfectly even, without an impressed median line but

with two large feeble and approximate impressions near the base

before the scutellum, and, apparently, an extremely obsolete median

impression near the apical margin. I place with this species a

single male from Austin, Texas, which is very similar but a little

more robust and with more finely and densely punctate elytra.

The evenly imbricate sculpture of the abdomen above and beneath

is a very striking feature.

MICRODONIA 2. gen.

Body parallel, rather depressed. Head broadest behind the eyes,

the latter situated at their own length from the base, convex and

rather prominent, the tempora rounded, slightly more prominent

than the eye; neck moderate in width, the occiput adjacent to the

pronotum nearly throughout. Labrum short, broad, truncate.

Antenne rather long, incrassate, inserted in small fovez very near

the eyes. Mentum large, flat, trapezoidal, truncate at apex. Max-

illary palpi normal, the fourth joint subulate, oblique, distinct.

Ligula with two minute slender parallel and approximate processes

at apex, the labial palpi distinct, the two basal joints cylindrical, the

second the shorter, third nearly as long as the two preceding, very

slender, arcuate near the base. Infraocular carina completely want-

ing. Prothorax nearly flat, rather abruptly declivous at the sides,

the acute lateral line very feeble; hypomera moderately inflexed

and greatly visible from the side. Abdomen parallel, the basal

segment alone transversely impressed and impunctate at base;

second a little longer than any of the others; fourth and fifth nearly

equal. Intermediate coxe moderately but distinctly separated, the

mesosternal process very short, parabolic, indefinitely limited at

apex, the metasternal also short but acute, separated from the

mesosternal by quite a long polished transversely convex isthmus ;

middle acetabula apparently deep and sharply defined. Meta-

sternum well developed, the episterna wide, parallel, the epimera

large, broad behind and extending slightly behind the elytra, gradu-

ally attenuate anteriorly and disappearing under the elytra at the

middle of the latter. ibis: rather long, the anterior very slender,

not at all spinose, the terminal spurs small and slender; tarsi with

4-5-5 joints, the posterior very long and slender, as long as the

Coleopterological Notices, V. 319

tibie, with the first joint greatly elongate; ungues small, slender,

arcuate, simple and divergent.

Microdonia belongs evidently to the subgroup Myrmedoniates of

Rey, as shown by general organization and by the great develop-

ment of the metasternal epimera, but is immediately distinguishable

from any of the genera known to me by the small parallel and de-

pressed body, subtriangular head, complete absence of infraocular

carina and many other characters.

M. occipitalis u. sp.—Reddish-brown, the elytra paler, more flavate ;

abdomen with a large blackish cloud occupying segments three, four, the

apex of two and base of five; anterior parts dull, the abdomen shining. Head

subtriangular, rather coarsely, densely, evenly punctate, the punctures round,

very shallow, distinctly defined but variolate and slightly umbilicate ; antenne

rather longer than the prothorax and elytra, second joint longer than the

third, the latter strongly obconical, one-half longer than wide, outer joints

transverse and perfoliate, the tenth fully one-half wider than long, eleventh

nearly as long as the preceding three, conoidal, compressed. Prothorar dis-

tinctly wider than the head, punctured like the latter, two-fifths wider than

long, the sides very feebly convergent from near the apex to the base and

very nearly straight; base broadly, evenly arcuate; basal angles obtuse and

slightly blunt; disk broadly impressed toward each side except anteriorly,

also in the middle before the scutellum. lytra just visibly longer but dis-

tinctly wider than the prothorax, rectangular, nearly one-half wider than

long, flat, more finely and rather less densely punctate. Abdomen as long as

the remainder of the body, slightly narrower than the elytra, parallel and

straight at the sides, feebly convex, the border strong; punctures fine, rather

distinct, somewhat close though very sparse toward tip. Length 2.3 mm. ;

width 0.6 mm.

Texas (Austin).

The pubescence of the anterior parts of the upper surface is very

minute, stiff, recumbent and rather dense but not conspicuous, of

the abdomen sparser but longer and more visible. A single speci-

men, perhaps somewhat immature; the singular impressions near

the sides of the pronotum are however probably normal.

DINOCORYNA 121. gen.

Parallel, rather stout. Head well inserted, nearly as in Myrme-

donia, the eyes well developed, the tempora rapidly convergent

behind them; infralateral carina wholly obsolete. Antenne stout,

the first joint very large, robust, constricted at base, as long as the

next three; second very small, barely longer than wide, as long as

320 Coleopterological Notices, V.

the third but scarcely more than one-half as wide; third rapidly

obtrapezoidal, as wide at apex as joints four to ten, which form a

compact cylindrical mass, each joint twice as wide as long and

deeply received in the excavated apex of the preceding, the sides

almost parallel; eleventh conical, compressed, at base not quite as

wide as the tenth, as long as the preceding three. Mentum nearly

as long as wide, trapezoidal. Maxillary palpi well developed, the

third joint very much longer and thicker than the second; fourth

distinct. Ligula with a long slender, apparently almost simple

process, the palpi rather slender, three-jointed, the first joint longer |

than the second and subequal to the more slender third. Prothorax

transverse, the anterior margin transverse and deeply bisinuate, the

median lobe narrowly rounded, the apical angles somewhat ante-

riorly prominent; hypomera moderately inflexed, visible from the

side, broadly triangular, not attaining the apex. Elytra large and

well developed. Abdomen parallel, with the sides strongly, evenly

arcuate; border moderate; first two segments very large, together

constituting three-fifths of the abdomen, the first slightly the larger ;

three to five very short; sixth abruptly extremely narrow and but

slightly exposed. Coxe all large, the intermediate distinctly but

not very widely separated, the metasternal process extending ante-

riorly for nearly one-half their length, narrowly subtruneate at tip

and separated from the apex of the mesosternal,—which cannot be

clearly seen in the unique type,—by a short depressed isthmus.

Legs short, stout, covered with long stiff subdecumbent pubescence,

the tarsi filiform but stout, somewhat compressed, long, 4-5-5-jointed,

the posterior about as long as the tibiz, with the first joint elongate,

the first four rapidly decreasing in length, the fifth somewhat longer

than the first; ungues very long, extremely slender, feebly, evenly

arcuate and but slightly divergent.

This remarkable genus is evidently myrmecophilous, or still more

probably, termitophilous, and is allied to Myrmedonia. The basal

tergite is broadly, deeply impressed and polished at base, the others

without trace of impression.

D. bisinuata n.sp.—Moderately short and stout, subparallel, pale flavo-

testaceous throughout, the elytra rather albescent; integuments polished, not

in the least reticulate; head and pronotum coarsely, sparsely punctate, the

elytra very minuely sparsely and indistinctly so, the abdomen subimpunc-

tate, except along the apices of the tergites, where there is a row of close-set,

elongate, tubercular punctures bearing very long stiff setz, the under surface

Coleopterological Notices, V. aot

covered throughout with long coarse hairs; pubescence very sparse and in-

conspicuous, the abdomen bristling with long sete; there are also a few long

erect sete toward the sides of the pronotum and elytra, and near the base of

the latter. Head large, transverse, four-fifths as wide as the prothorax, the

occiput feebly impressed in the middle; antenne extending fully to the middle

of the elytra, the club nearly one-third as wide as the head, not compressed.

Prothorax four-fifths wider than long, widest at the apex, the sides rather

strongly convergent and broadly arcuate to the basal angles, which are ex-

tremely obtuse, rather indistinct ; base much narrower than the apex, sub-

truncate; marginal line of the flank extremely fine; disk without trace of

marginal bead, the edges convex, broadly impressed along the middle. Elytra

transverse, slightly wider and one-half longer than the prothorax ; sides sub-

parallel, nearly straight; humeri moderately exposed at base. Abdomen at

base much narrower, in the middle slightly narrower, than the elytra, shorter

than the anterior parts; sides parallel and strongly arcuate; surfaces of

tergites two to five broadly, feebly reflexed toward apex. Length 1.7 mm.;

width 0.7 mm.

Florida.

The sex of the type cannot be clearly distinguished, and the

abdomen seems to be exserted in its basal parts but drawn in toward

apex, which may account in part for the great preponderance in

length of the two basal segments.

The genera more or less resembling Myrmedonia, which are

represented by the material in my cabinet, may be defined as fol-

lows :—

Mesosternal process very short, not extending between the coxe for more than

one-third of their length, more or less broad at apex and separated from

the metasternal process by a short broad isthmus, which is on the same

Here ieeMIG MOL CEPLeSSed: <.. oc. see cen wee cen cesiocs sow cnnees eos ..MWyrmedonia

Mesosternal process longer, te dnaina to ne middle of ‘te Coxe.

Mesosternal process broad, very broadly rounded at apex, the latter soldered

to the apex of the metasternal by a short broad undepressed isthmus ;

front before the line of the antenne abruptly and strongly declivous to

the subhorizontal clypeus; eyes as in Myrmedonia, large and near the

base; occiput thrown up in a strong transverse ridge..... Nototaphra

Mesosternal process narrow, very acute, not in the least blunt at apex, the

latter free and detached from connecting isthmus; head long, oval; front

normal; eyes small, distant from the base......................Amepsiota

In all of these genera the side-pieces of the metasternum are

broad, the epimera greatly developed and extending posteriorly

behind the elytra.

322 Coleopterological Notices, V.

MYRMEDONIA Erichs.

Even within our own faunal limits, this interesting genus varies

wonderfully in the degree of separation of the intermediate coxe,

which is usually a character of considerable taxonomic value. It

is only a striking example, however, of the fact frequently observed

in large groups of arthropods, that characters unquestionably of

general significance in defining genera may, in certain parts of the

series, abruptly and unexpectedly lose all such weight.

The few species known to me may be distinguished by the fol-

lowing characters :— ;

Punctures of the pronotum extremely fine.

Apex of the mesosternal process moderate in width.

Basal joint of the antenne large, extremely robust and pyriform ; pro-

thorax strongly transverse; middle coxe rather narrowly separated

CPlataiisa CSY ..)...6vs0 hasiven na csisigocices cesibon bobieee aecienscomtslanis tne veateseoon Ss Qh GR MMBEAS

Basal joint of the antenne more slender, sometimes moderately constricted

at base; middle coxe more widely separated.

Prothorax transverse, the sides not at all sinuate toward base.

caliginosa

Prothorax but slightly wider than long, the sides broadly sinuate

toward base.

Third antennal joint greatly elongated, nearly as long as the next

two; tenth but slightly wider than long .....................fauveli

Third joint much shorter, but slightly longer than the second ; tenth

very strongly transverse; eleventh large, nearly as long as the

preceding three combined ............scssccccecccesrecceeeee AMSUStUIA

Apex of the mesosternal process onnenele wide: oe truncate and

rather wider than the distance separating the antenne......... loricata

Punctures of the pronotum normal but coarse and sparse, somewhat as in

Zyras hawortht but less remote and more even in distribution..... obliqua

Punctures of the pronotum sparse, strong and tuberculiform, at least in the

male.

Elytral punctures very coarse, deep and rather sparse; abdomen coarsely

sparsely and unevenly punctate, testaceous in color..................-FUG@iS

Elytral punctures fine and dense; abdomen subimpunctate......plamifer

**Confertim subtilissime punctata, fusca, antennarum basi, thoracis lateribus,

pedibus elytrisque testaceis, his sutura, basin versus latius, angulisque

apicalibus oblique late infuscatis; thorace transverso, obsoletius canalicu-

lato, basi leviter transversim foveolato. Long. 13 lin. Lat. 2lin. Penin-

SULA KeENAL.”? vaniscieisna veh soe ssiienaisaslsae’ceedialoddsensentmbrmeviod oe avaeeernne evel ERE EMM GREENS

Coleopterological Notices, V. 323

I have not been able to identify angularis Makl., and transcribe

the original short diagnosis; it is evidently a species allied to calv-

ginosa, but differing in the pale sides of the prothorax. Fauveli

Shp. is abundant throughout the United States from Pennsylvania

to Los Angeles, Cal.; I have taken it at Galveston and Waco in

Texas. Rudis Lee. is a large and very distinct species, with ex-

tremely coarse and rugose pronotal sculpture.

M. caliginosa n. sp.—Parallel, black, the legs and antenne toward

base dark rufo-testaceous ; apices of the two or three basal tergites sometimes

very briefly pale; elytra fusco-testaceous, feebly, triangularly clouded toward

base and toward the lateral apical angles with piceous; head and pronotum

minutely reticulate, alutaceous, extremely finely and not very densely punc-

tate; elytra and abdomen polished, the former finely but distinctly, densely

punctate, the latter impunctate, with the exception of a few fine punctures

near the apical margins; pubescence fine, extremely short and inconspicuous,

each tergite with a sparse apical fringe of longer hairs. Head slightly wider

than long, fully three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, constricted at base ;

eyes very large, at less than one-half their length from the base; antennz

rather compressed, separated at base by the length of the eye, thick, mode-

rately incrassate, a little longer than the head and prothorax, basal joint

moderately thick, as long as the next two, third obconical, barely twice as

long as wide, four to nine equal in length, gradually much wider, loosely

perfoliate, the latter twice as wide as long, tenth equal in width but a little

longer, eleventh conoidal, pointed, rather longer than the two preceding.

Prothorax fully three-fourths wider than long, the sides subparallel, broadly

arcuate, becoming straight and feebly convergent toward base, the basal

angles very obtuse and blunt; the apical rounded; base broadly arcuate,

about as wide as the apex; disk even, with a very fine, frequently entirely

obsolete, impressed line, without antebasal impression. Hlytra transverse,

slightly but distinctly wider and longer than the prothorax; humeri some-

what exposed ; suture not impressed. Abdomen subequal to the anterior parts,

very slightly narrower than the elytra; sides subparallel, feebly arcuate ;

first three segments deeply equally and not very widely impressed at base;

fifth shorter than the fourth. JZegs slender; posterior tarsi long but much

shorter than the tibiz, the first joint as long as the next two. Length 3.0

mm.; width 0.85 mm.

New York (Catskill Mts.); Indiana.

A somewhat common species, resembling a stout Atheta and

easily recognizable by the large prominent eyes. +

M. angustula n. sp.—Narrow, parallel, convex, polished throughout,

dark piceous ; pronotum slightly paler and rufescent; elytral humeri and a

narrow apical margin, first three abdominal segments except at base, legs and

antenne pale flavate; head, pronotum and elytra extremely minutely, evenly,

324 Coleopterological Notices, V.

rather sparsely and not distinctly punctate ; abdomen impunctate, excepting

a widely spaced series bearing longer sete along the apex of each segment;

pubescence fine and rather inconspicuous above, longer and more distinct on

the under surface of the abdomen. Head wider than long, slightly narrower

than the prothorax, convex; eyes moderate, at nearly their own length from

the neck ; tempora moderately convergent, broadly arcuate; antenne extend-

ing fully to the middle of the elytra, the basal joint elongate, oval, not as long

as the next two, outer joints rapidly wider, rather closely connected, strongly

transverse, eleventh long, pointed. Prothorax but slightly wider than long,

widest at apical third, where the sides are rounded and moderately convergent

to the apex, distinctly convergent and broadly sinuate thence to the basal

angles, which are nearly right and only slightly blunt; base a little narrower

than the apex, both broadly, equally arcuate; disk rather strongly, evenly

convex, not distinctly impressed. lytra one-half wider than long, two-fifths

wider than the prothorax but not distinctly longer than the latter; humeri

broadly exposed at base; surface not impressed. Abdomen in the middle about

as wide as the elytra; sides parallel and quite distinctly arcuate; basal seg-

ments only finely impressed along the basal margins; fifth shorter than the

fourth. Legs moderate in length, slender; posterior tarsi very long and

filiform but shorter than the tibie, the basal joint as long as the next two.

Length 2.3 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Florida.

This species resembles fauveli in general appearance, but is

smaller and narrower, and may be known by its much more trans- ~

verse penultimate joints of the antenne.

M. loricata n. sp.—Parallel, rather convex, dark blackish-castaneous,

the antenne dark rufo-piceous, paler toward base; abdomen black, the apices

of the three basal segments paler; legs piceous, the tarsi pale; head and

pronotum very finely, the former sparsely, the latter more closely, punctate ;

elytra finely but strongly and distinctly, not/densely punctate, the punctures

becoming dense toward the inner basal angles; abdomen impunctate, except

sparsely along the apices; integuments strongly shining, the abdomen highly

polished ; pubescence fine, rather short, distinct. Mead wider than long,

four-fifths as wide as the prothorax, the occiput rather tumid; eyes large,

prominent; antennsw extending nearly to the middle of the elytra, strongly

incrassate, feebly compressed, rather compact, the outer joints contiguous,

basal joint slender, as loug as the next two, third elongate, obconical, twice

as long as the second and as long as the next two, the latter equal, as long -

as wide, five to ten gradually increasing in length and greatly in width, the

tenth nearly parallel, two-fifths wider than long, eleventh conical, not as long

as the two preceding. Prothorax one-fourth wider than long, widest at apical

third where the sides are very broadly, feebly arcuate, feebly convergent and

slightly sinuate in basal half; base broadly, strongly arcuate, subequal to

the apex, which is transverse, becoming feebly sinuate near the sides ; basal

angles slightly obtuse, strongly marked, not at all blunt; disk convex, the

Coleopterological Notices, V. 325

median line finely and feebly impressed throughout. lytra transverse, one-

third wider but not at all longer than the prothorax; sides feebly arcuate ;

humeri broadly rounded and exposed; disk broadly, feebly impressed at base.

Abdomen at base much narrower than the elytra and as wide as the prothorax ;

sides subparallel, broadly arcuate; border thin and deep; first three segments

finely, deeply impressed ; fifth shorter than the fourth ; under surface sparsely,

coarsely pubescent, finely punctate. Legs moderate; posterior tarsi long but

much shorter than the tibia, the basal joint somewhat thicker than usual and

very long, nearly as long as the next three. Length 3.6 mm.; width 1.0 mm.

Canada (Grimsby); Ohio.

The distinguishing character of this species is the very wide

truncate sternal piece between the cox, much exceeding in width

that of any other known to me. The degree of separation of the

middle cox bears no relation whatever to the width of the body,

for, in sonome, which is a very much stouter species, the coxe are

unusually narrowly separated.

M. obliqua n. sp.—Stout, subparallel, polished, black, the antenne red-

brown, paler toward base; elytra pale rufous, clouded with blackish in a

basal subtriangular area and also broadly toward the external apical angles ;

apices of all the tergites and the legs throughout pale flavate ; head distinctly

but extremely remotely, the pronotum strongly, rather coarsely and decidedly

sparsely, punctate; elytra rather coarsely, roughly but not densely so, the

punctures becoming however very dense toward the scutellum; abdomen

finely, sparsely punctate throughout, with the pubescence long and fine,

coarser and more evident beneath; pubescence anteriorly coarse and some-

what long but sparse, closer and more evident on the elytra. Head as long

as wide, three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, the eyes moderate, at their

own length from the base; tempora feebly convergent to the base; antennz

longer than the head and prothorax, the basal joint slightly thick, not as

long as the next two, third elongate, one-half longer than the second, not as

long as the next two, fourth quadrate, four to ten very evenly and moderately

increasing in width, the tenth rather shorter than the ninth, one-half wider

than long, eleventh thick, obtusely ogival, as long as the preceding two.

Frothorax fully two-fifths wider than long, widest at apical third, where the

sides are rather strongly rounded and convergent to the apex, somewhat

strongly convergent and nearly straight in basal half; base and apex sub-

equal, the former strongly, the latter feebly arcuate; basal angles very obtuse

but evident, not distinctly blunt; disk with a smooth, impunctate but unim-

pressed median line and a small deep impression in the middle before the

base. Elytra one-half wider than long, two-fifths wider but only slightly

longer than the prothorax; sides feebly divergent and slightly arcuate from

base to apex; humeri obliquely, strongly rounded to the prothorax, not be-

coming transverse; disk scarcely at all impressed. Abdomen broad, as wide as

the elytra; sides parallel and just visibly arcuate; border thick and not very

326 Coleopterological Notices, V.

deep ; first three segments finely impressed at base, the impressions becoming

almost obsolete near the sides; fifth a little longer than the fourth. Legs

moderate ; posterior tarsi long, filiform, shorter than the tibiw, with the first

joint not thicker but distinctly longer than the next two. Length 3.8 mm. ;

width 1.3 mm.

New York.

A fine species, somewhat suggestive of the subgenus Zyras, but

with much less coarse and dispersed elytral sculpture. One speci-

men, apparently female.

M. planifer n. sp.—Moderately stout, subparallel, polished throughout,

rufo-piceous, the elytra darker except near the humeri; abdomen black, the

first two segments in great part, and the third narrowly at the margin,

pale; legs pale throughout; antenne fuscous, pale toward base; head finely,

sparsely, the pronotum still more finely sparsely and obsoletely, punctate, the

latter with the flattened median area sparsely but strongly and asperately so;

elytra finely but strongly, sparsely, subasperately punctate, more strongly

but scarcely more densely toward the scutellum; abdomen subimpunctate,

except very obsoletely and remotely along the apical margins; pubescence

fine, sparse, rather more distinct on the under surface of the abdomen. Head

much wider than long, four-fifths as wide as the prothorax; eyes moderate,

at nearly their own length from the base; antenne stout, strongly incrassate,

longer than the head and prothorax, the basal joint stout, nearly as long as

the next two, third longer than the second, obconical, twice as long as wide,

four to seven increasing in width, seven to ten subsimilar, rather compact,

subparallel, nearly one-half wider than long, eleventh conical, as long as the

two preceding. Prothorax transverse, three-fifths wider than long, widest at

apical third where the sides are distinctly rounded to the apex, plainly con-

vergent and straight—from above—in basal two-thirds ; base and apex equal,

the former strongly, the latter very feebly, arcuate; basal angles obtuse but

not blunt; disk with a large flattened median region, the median line finely

but distinctly impressed. Llytra transverse, two-fifths wider but only just

visibly longer than the prothorax; sides feebly divergent and arcuate from

the humeri, which are rather broadly exposed ; disk slightly impressed near

the sides behind the middle. Addomen rather longer than the anterior parts,

quite distinctly narrower than the elytra; sides parallel, slightly arcuate

behind ; border thin and deep ; first two segments widely and deeply inrpressed

at base, the third finely and very feebly so; fourth and fifth subequal. Legs

slender ; posterior tarsi much shorter than the tibie, with the basal joint as

long as the next two. Length 3.2 mm.; width 1.0 mm.

North Carolina (Asheville).

The description is evidently drawn from the male, and in the

female the asperate flat median area of the pronotum is probably

wanting in great part; the male has, in addition, the sixth tergite

feebly emarginate and unevenly serrulate, a somewhat more isolated

Coleopterological Notices, V. 327

median projection having three short teeth. This species is evi-

dently allied to some of the Mexican forms described by Dr. Sharp.

NOTOTAPHRA 0b. gen.

Body rather narrow, thick and subparallel. Head somewhat as

in Myrmedonia, constricted at base throughout the width, the occi-

put transversely prominent; eyes moderate; infralateral carina not

distinct. Antennz long, loose, subparallel from the fourth joint,

not incrassate, pilose, but devoid of erect sete. The gular sutures

diverge toward the base of the maxille, and from between them

there extends forward a large flat plate, gradually narrowed toward

the truncate apex; this plate is the mentum and its support fused

in one and without trace of transverse suture. The lobes of the

maxilla aré very long and slender. Ligula rather short, the termi-

nal process small, gelatino-membranous, easily distorted but seem-

ingly bilobed at apex. JLabial palpi apparently two-jointed, the

basal joint thick, cylindrical, less than twice as long as wide, the

second a little shorter, slender and affixed obliquely. Prothorax

narrowed and sinuate to the base, the hypomera feebly inflexed and

in part visible from the side. Elytra well developed. Abdomen

with the side margins thin and extremely deep. Middle coxe dis-

tant, the mesosternal process broadly rounded at apex, the meta-

sternal acutely angulate but widely separated at tip from the meso-

sternal. Legs slender; tarsi 4-5-5-jointed, slender, the posterior

shorter than the tibie, with the first joint more or less elongate.

If my interpretation of the structure of the labial palpi be correct

this genus is really very isolated; the structure of the front before

the antenne, of the mentum and its support, and the more prolonged

mesosternal process will however, in any event, readily distinguish

it from Myrmedonia. It seems to have some relationship also with

the comparative giants described by Dr. Sharp under the name

Platonica, Our two representatives may be readily separated as

follows :—

Basal joint of the hind tarsi as long as the next two; blue-black, the pro-

thorax and first three segments of the abdomen very pale yellowish-red.

lauta

Basal joint of the hind tarsi but slightly longer than the second; black, the

Slyiiiay MIE Mt liy; PICESCEMt 5, scncevtosiseses ces ove ovecedseredvickercad soso LU SUVPAS

N. lauta n. sp.—Rather slender, parallel, convex, minutely reticulate

and rather alutaceous throughout, the elytra dullest; pale rufo-flavate, the

328 Coleopterological Notices, V.

head rufo-piceous ; elytra and abdominal apex black ; legs very pale ; antenne

feebly infuscate toward tip; punctures throughout extremely minute, dense

but scarcely visible, rather more distinct on the elytra; pubescence consisting .

of extremely short fine appressed hairs, distributed thickly over the entire

surface including the abdomen, becoming sparse toward the apex of the latter.

Head as long as wide, not quite as wide as the prothorax, deflexed; eyes

moderate, prominent, at one-half their length from the base; depressed epis-

toma polished, glabrous; antenne extending nearly to the tip of the elytra,

rather thick, loose, cylindrical, pubescent but without bristling setz, basal

joint small, stout, pyriform, third longer than the second, obconical, not twice

as long as wide, its apex oblique, four to ten somewhat asymmetrically obconi-

cal, tenth as long as wide, eleventh small, conoidal, not as long as the two

preceding. Prothorax transverse, three-fourths wider than long, widest at

apical third where the sides are strongly rounded, becoming parallel and

straight iu basal half; base and apex equal, broadly arcuate; basal angles

obtuse and slightly blunt; disk rather abruptly declivous laterally, the

median half from base to apex occupied by a very large deep indentation,

which does not differ in sculpture or vestiture. lytra large, one-half wider

than long, one-half wider and one-half longer than the prothorax ; sides feebly

divergent and straight; humeri broadly exposed. Abdomen much narrower

than the elytra, parallel, the three basal segments broadly, deeply impressed,

polished and glabrous at base; fifth shorter than the fourth. Length 2.8 mm. ;

width 0.8 mm.

New York.

The male, from which this description is taken, has the posterior

part of the first tergite broadly, feebly swollen. The second bears

a large strongly elevated tubercle, occupying median third, the

posterior wall of which is vertical, clothed with longer hair and

having its face furrowed from summit to base; the anterior wall is

likewise vertical and its foot is at the margin of the impression.

The third segment also has a strongly elevated abrupt elevation,

occupying a little more than median third and apical two-thirds, the

upper surface of which is flat and declivous posteriorly throughout,

its anterior wall vertical and deep. I have not seen the female.

N. lugubiis n. sp.—Moderately stout and convex, somewhat shining ;

punctures throughout almost invisible; pubescence extremely minute, mode-

rately dense; body black, the elytra feebly piceous; legs piceous-black, the

tarsi slightly paler; antenuz dark red-brown. Head as long as wide, deflexed,

nearly as wide as the prothorax ; eyes moderate; antenne thick, extending

to the middle of the elytra, the basal joint thick and pyriform, much shorter

than the next two, second small, a little longer than wide, third large, rather

wider than long, asymmetric, four to ten scaicely differing in width and about

as wide as the apex of the third, tenth more than one-third wider than long,

eleventh moderate, conoidal, not quite as long as the two preceding. Pro-

Coleopterological Notices, V. 329

thorax two-thirds wider than long, widest just before the middle where the

‘sides are broadly, evenly arcuate, becoming convergent and straight in basal

half; base and apex equal, the former feebly arcuate, the latter truncate;

basal angles obtuse; disk with a large and very deep oval excavation, occupy-

ing more than median third and extending from base to apex. lytra large,

nearly one-half wider and longer than the prothorax, the humeri broadly ex-

posed. Abdomen distinctly narrower than the elytra, the sides straight, just

visibly convergent from the base, the fourth and fifth segments equal in length.

Length (abdomen strongly contracted and reflexed) 2.1 mm.; width 0.9 mm.

Colorado.

The abdomen is strongly reflexile in both of these species, and

the male described above has large discal processes on the second

and third segments, almost precisely similar to those of the preced-

ing species. So close a resemblance in these peculiar sexual marks

is indeed singular, in view of the great differences in antennal and

tarsal structure and coloration of the body. I think that these

large tuberosities may possibly have some function in limiting the

reflexibility of the abdomen.

ANEPSIOTA 12. gen.

Body parallel, moderately stout and rather feebly convex. Head

oval, longer than wide, well inserted but borne on a neck which is

not more than one-half as broad as the width across the eyes, the

latter small, at nearly twice their length from the base, the tempora

broadly rounded and convergent behind them. Antenne long,

moderately incrassate, loose, the erect sete extremely short, the

basal joint slightly longer and thicker than the second; third rather

longer than the second, both elongate, obconical and similar; fourth

to tenth increasing in width, the former longer than wide, the latter

slightly wider than long; eleventh long, ogival, finely pointed,

barely as long as the two preceding. Mentum moderate, trape-

zoidal, the transverse suture at its base almost obsolete but better

marked at the sides because of the lateral impressions of the men-

tum. Ligula stout, short, the apical process well developed, split

to its base, the two lobes subparallel, long and moderately slender.

Labial palpi three-jointed, the basa] joint stout, cylindrical, long,

more than twice as long as the second, which is a little narrower

and not longer than wide; third slender, oblique, not as long as

-the first. Maxillary palpi long and well developed, the third joint

obconical, a little longer than the second. Infralateral carina obso-

Anyats N. Y. Acap. Scr., VII, Oct. 1893.—22

330 . Coleopterological Notices, V.

lete except near the base. Prothorax rectangular, the hypomera

feebly inflexed, wide and greatly visible from the side. Elytra

rather short and transverse. Abdomen wide, the segments short

and equal, the first two finely impressed at base. Metasternal epi-

mera large, extending distinctly behind the elytra. Legs short, the

tarsi 4-5-5-jointed, the posterior very long, almost as long as the

tibiz, with the basal joint not as long as the next two, although

elongate, the second fully as long as the last.

The acute mesosternal process, extending one-half the length of

the coxe with its apex free, the smaller eyes, more distant from

the prothorax, narrower neck and many other structural characters

necessitate a separation of this genus from Myrmedonia, although

it is apparently somewhat allied; it is more closely allied, however,

to Atheta, Thoms. Quadricollis is the type of the genus.

A. quadricollis n. sp.—Parallel, polished throughout, pale rufo-testa-

ceous, the head piceous ; abdomen blackish except indefinitely toward base.

and at apex; legs pale throughout; antenne black, testaceous toward base;

head and pronotum very finely sparsely and indistinctly punctate; elytra

more distinctly and closely, subasperately so; abdomen throughout finely,

subasperately and moderately closely punctate; pubescence short stiff and

sparse, longer on the abdomen, where it is still denser beneath. Head rather

narrow, two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, the occiput declivous at base

but not prominent; antenne attaining the apices of the elytra. Prothorax

transversely rectangular, two-fifths wider than long; sides parallel, broadly

arcuate anteriorly, broadly sinuate behind the middle; basal angles obtuse

and rounded ; base distinctly wider than the apex, broadly arcuate, the apex

truncate, the angles rather broadly rounded; disk broadly, feebly convex,

slightly impressed in the middle before the base. lytra two-thirds wider

than long, slightly shorter than the prothorax, and, at apex, just visibly

wider than that part; sides feebly convergent to the base, the humeri not

exposed at base, obliquely, feebly rounded; disk impressed on the suture

behind the scutellum. Abdomen—contracted—not quite as long as the anterior

parts, at base fully as wide as the elytra and behind the middle somewhat

wider; sides parallel, very slightly arcuate; border moderately thick, not

very deep. Length 3.0 mm.; width of abdomen 0.9 mm., of the elytra 0.8 mm.

Vancouver Island.

The deep emargination at the base of the first tergite, with its

connecting membrane largely exposed when in a horizontal posi-

tion, shows that the abdomen is strongly reflexile. I can observe

no sexual marks about the single type specimen, which is probably

a female. !

The two following species are provisionally attached to Anepsiota

Coleopterological Notices, V. 331

although the posterior tarsi are decidedly shorter with the four basal

joints differing much less in length.

A. insignis Csy.—Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci., I, p. 310 (Oxypoda).

This species is allied rather closely to wickhami, but differs con-

Spicuously in the wider and deeper impressions of the abdomen, the

impression of the second tergite, for instance, occupying more than

basal third, while in wickhami it is very narrow and feeble along

the basal margin; in insignis the prothorax is relatively smaller

and shorter and more strongly punctate, the elytra longer, and the

antenne rather shorter and less incrassate.

A. Wickhami n. sp.—Compact, parallel, somewhat stout, feebly convex,

minutely reticulate but strongly shining, the abdomen polished; dark piceous-

brown, the head and abdomen throughout black; legs pale, yellowish; antenne

black, testaceous toward base; head and pronotum finely, very feebly and

remotely punctulate; elytra finely but more distinctly, subasperately and

rather closely so; abdomen finely, feebly and remotely punctulate through-

out; pubescence rather long, decumbent and sparse. Head nearly circular,

fully three-fourths as wide as the pronotum, strongly convex, feebly, coales-

cently biimpressed just behind the line of the antenne, and also with a small

impression at the center of the vertex between the eyes, the latter moderate,

at more than their length from the base; antenne attaining the middle of the

elytra, moderately incrassate, the basal joint thicker and much longer than

the second, the latter as long but not quite as thick as the third, both elongate,

fourth a little longer than wide, tenth scarcely visibly wider than long, eleventh

ogival, pointed, as long as the two preceding. Frothorax subquadrate, nearly

one-half wider than long; sides parallel, feebly arcuate, becoming straight

in basal half, distinctly convergent and broadly rounded toward apex; base

broadly arcuate, distinctly wider than the truncate apex; basal angles obtuse

and blunt; disk scarcely impressed. Llytra one-half wider than long, slightly

longer than the prothorax, and, at apex, nearly one-fourth wider ; sides dis-

tinctly divergent and nearly straight from the humeri, which are broadly

rounded and oblique but not much exposed at base; disk broadly impressed

on the suture throughout. Abdomen a little longer than the anterior parts,

fully as wide as the elytra, the sides parallel and nearly straight; first three

segments distinctly, subequally but rather narrowly impressed transversely at

base; fourth and fifth equal in length. JLegs moderate; first joint of the ante-

rior tarsi much shorter than the second. Length 3.7 mm.; width 0.95 mm.

British Columbia (Stickeen River Canon). Mr. H. F. Wickham.

In this species the elytra are much more developed than in quad-

ricollis; it also has a more distinctly athetoid appearance. The

mesosternal process is acute, prolonged to the middle of the coxe

and free at apex; the metasternum is not produced at all between

332 Coleopterological Notices, V.

the cox, and its anterior line is only very feebly arcuate behind

the narrow intercoxal space. The surface between the metasternum

and the mesosternal process is occupied by a large and long subtri-

angular isthmus, moderately compressed anteriorly, where it extends

under the apex of the latter, and subtubercularly elevated at its

centre. This is probably the structure also in quadricollis, but in

the type of that species these parts are concealed.

TARPHIOTA 0». gen.

Body subparallel, moderately wide, flattened above, opaque.

Head well inserted, very slightly constricted at base, the eyes

rather large and somewhat convex; labrum transverse, truncate ;

infralateral carina completely wanting. Antenne slender, filiform,

scarcely visibly enlarged near the apex, setose, moniliform, the

joints generally held slightly asunder by the narrow cylindrical

basal peduncles; first three joints rapidly decreasing in length, the

first thicker; four to six equal in width, the former slightly elon-

gate-oval, the latter subglobular; seven to ten feebly transverse and

just visibly increasing in width; eleventh as long as the two pre-

ceding, conoidal, compressed at tip. Mentum ample, trapezoidal,

the apex rather broadly, feebly produced and feebly sinuato-trun-

cate in the middle. Ligula with a deeply bifid process and two

discal setz, the labial palpi three-jointed, the first and last joints

longer than the intermediate. Maxillary palpi with the third joint

a little longer than the second; fourth distinct, rather stout, bulbose

at base and apparently with an excessively minute bisetose apical

appendage. Prothorax transversely subquadrate, narrower than

the elytra, the hypomera feebly inflexed, broadly triangular and

ereatly visible from the side. Elytra greatly developed. Abdo-

men linear, the first four tergites impressed at base, the first two

rather more strongly; fifth just visibly longer than the fourth.

Coxe moderately large, the intermediate extremely approximate

but not contiguous, the mesosternal process long, finely acute and

attenuate, extending two-thirds of their length, the metasternal

process acutely produced beneath the mesosternal, the coxe well

imbedded. Metasternum large, the side-pieces narrow, the inner

margin arcuately approaching close to the elytra posteriorly. Legs

rather short, somewhat stout; anterior and middle tibie strongly

spinose externally ; tarsi 4-5-5-jointed, the posterior three-fourths

as long as the tibie, with the first four joints slightly elongate and

Coleopterological Notices, V. 333

exactly equal, the fifth longer than the two preceding; ungues long,

rather strongly, almost evenly arcuate, divergent and irregular,

being strongly compressed toward the middle, with the inner edge

thinned out and very acute.

This interesting genus is probably more closely related to Alianta

Thoms. than any other, but differs in its spinulose tibie, longer and

compressed tarsal claws, much more finely acuminate mesosternal

process, less incrassate antenne and many other characters. From

Heterota, Rey, it differs greatly in antennal structure, in the short

basal joint of the hind tarsi, as well as in several features enumerated

under Alianta. From Halobrectha Thoms. it differs in its almost

filiform antenne and other characters. It is confined to the sea-

beaches of the Pacific coast.

T. pallidipes n. sp.—Moderately depressed, intense black throughout,

the antenne piceous-black, paler at base; legs extremely pale and uniformly

flavate throughout; integuments opaque, finely and strongly granulato-reticu-

late, the abdomen less strongly, more coarsely so and somewhat shining ;

anterior parts finely and extremely obsoletely, though rather densely, punc-

tulate, the punctures of the elytra almost wholly obsolete, the abdomen more

strongly and distinctly, evenly and somewhat closely punctate; pubescence

short, rigid, dense, cinereous and conspicuous, longer, finer and less distinct

on the abdomen. Head as long as wide, slightly but distinctly narrower than

the prothorax, the eyes convex, at rather more than one-half their length from

the base; tempora behind them feebly convergent and arcuate to the base ;

antennez slender, extending to basal fourth of the elytra. Prothorax scarcely

more than one-third wider than long; sides subparallel, broadly, feebly arcuate

anteriorly, slightly convergent and nearly straight in basal half; basal angles

slightly obtuse but scarcely at all rounded; base broadly arcuate, distinctly

wider than the truncate apex; disk widest slightly before the middle, broadly

flattened toward the middle, the median line sometimes obsoletely impressed.

Elytra large, quadrate, about as long as wide, one-third wider and three-fifths

longer than the prothorax; sides subparallel; humeri rather broadly exposed

at base. Abdomen distinctly narrower than the elytra and slightly wider than

the prothorax, as long as the anterior parts; sides parallel and nearly straight ;

border moderately thick. Length 2.9 mm.; width 0.75—-0.8 mm.

California (San Francisco to San Diego).

This is one of the characteristic aleocharinides of the southern

California sea-beaches, and the large series in my cabinet indicates

scarcely any variation. It is allied to the Alaskan Tachyusa fuct-

cola Makl.,—afterwards referred to Homalota Er. nec Mann.,—but

differs in its clear and uniform flavate legs, fucicola having the legs

piceous, with the knees and tarsi paler.

334 Coleopterological Notices, V.

Besides these two species, the genus will probably include Homa-

lota geniculata Makl., specimens of which, or of an extremely closely

allied form, I have taken abundantly at San Francisco and San

Diego; it probably follows the general rule, as observed in Jots-

chulskium sinuatocolle, Aleochara sulcicollis and several other

well-known species, and extends along the entire coast from Alaska

to Lower California. This distribution of sea-beach species is

exactly what might be expected, as the cold inshore current from

the north maintains the water at practically the same temperature

throughout. I am ata loss to understand the reference of genicu-

lata to Eudera Fvl. in our most recently published check-list; it

does not remotely resemble the representatives of that genus, which

are related closely to Falagria.

EURYPRONOTA un. gen.

Body rather broad, convex. Head moderately inserted, the nuchal

constriction concealed; eyes moderate, not prominent, at more than

their own length from the base, the tempora parallel, nearly straight;

labrum short, transverse, truncate. Antenne inserted in small fovee

at a noticeable distance from the eye, feebly incrassate, the basal

joint compressed ; second and third subequal, the latter obconical,

more than twice as long as wide; tenth about as long as wide;

eleventh conoidal, as long as the preceding two. Maxillary palpi

moderate, the third joint much longer than the second; fourth

oblique, slender, one-half as long as the third. Ligula with a

slender apical process forked at apex, the labial palpi apparently

three-jointed, with the third joint long and slender. Infralateral

carina obsolete. Mentum trapezoidal, the apex feebly emarginate.

Prothorax very large, transversely orbicular, the hind angles very

broadly rounded ; hypomera strongly inflexed, not visible from the

side. Hlytra moderate, much narrower than the prothorax. Abdo-

men with the basal segment alone impressed; second longer than

the first or third; fifth longer than the fourth. Mesosternal pro-

cess acute, extending slightly beyond the middle of the coxe, the

latter contiguous, with the acetabula apparently shallow and ill-

defined. Metasternum ample; the episterna parallel; epimera not

extending beyond the elytra, moderate, the suture almost obsolete,

disappearing under the elytra behind the middle. Legs short; tibiz

moderate, pubescent; tarsi short, 4-5-5-jointed, the basal joint of

Coleopterological Notices, V. 335

the posterior very short, three-fourths as long as the second; fifth

fully as long as the two preceding; ungues small, arcuate, simple.

The anterior tarsi seem at first sight to be five-jointed, which

would place this singular genus among the Oxypodates of Rey,

where its very short basal joint of the hind tarsi would completely

isolate it. There can be but little doubt, however, that the appa-

rent fourth joint of the anterior tarsus is rigidly connected with the

fifth, of which it forms the troublesome basal node, and that Eury-

pronota is more appropriately placed in the vicinity of Colpodota,

from which it is readily distinguishable by its very large prothorax

and short basal joint of the tarsi.

E. discreta n. sp.—Black, the pronotum, elytra, legs and antenne

toward base pale testaceous; integuments polished, sparsely pubescent, the

abdomen bristling with long sete toward apex. Head wider than long, sub-

orbicular, three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, finely, sparsely punctate ;

antenne nearly one-half as long as the body, joints five to eleven equal in

width. Prothorax large, transversely subelliptical in form, nearly one-half

wider than long, the base broadly, evenly arcuate, nearly continuous in cur-

vature with the sides; apex truncate, the angles very obtuse and rounded ;

disk evenly, broadly convex, with feeble trace of a fine longitudinal impressed

line toward the middle, finely feebly and sparsely punctate. lytra more

closely and strongly punctate, transverse, parallel, broadly emarginate at

base, much narrower than the prothorax and with the suture scarcely more

than three-fourths as long as the latter. Abdomen as long as the anterior

parts, as wide as the elytra, parallel, feebly narrowed toward apex, finely,

very sparsely punctate, more closely so toward base; border moderate. Length

1.7-1.9 mm.; width 0.45-0.5 mm.

Iowa (Cedar Rapids). Dr. E. Brendel.

Readily recognizable by the very large prothorax, which is visibly

larger in the male than in the female. The European Colpodota

fungi Grav., possesses some structural features nearly similar to

those of the present species, the pronotum for example being trans-

versely subelliptical, with nearly obsolete hind angles, but the basal

joint of the hind tarsi is much longer, the prothorax not wider than

the elytra, and the fourth and fifth abdominal segments equal.

E. scopula n. sp.—Moderately slender and convex, pale flavo-testaceous,

the head black; elytra slightly less pale and more brownish ; abdomen with a

blackish spot occupying the fourth segment more or less; integuments shin-

ing, finely subasperately and closely punctate, the head a little more sparsely

and the elytra rather more densely and strongly than the pronotum; abdo-

men moderately closely punctate; pubescence dense, moderately long, even

and erect, longer sparser and decumbent on the abdomen, the latter bristling

336 Coleopterological Notices, V.

with long black sparse sete toward tip. Head wider than long, three-fifths as

wide as the prothorax; eyes moderate, at their own length from the protho- |

rax; infralateral carina fine and entire; antenne slender, feebly incrassate,

as long as the prothorax and elytra, bristling with long sparse seta, first joint

a little longer and thicker than the second, the latter slightly longer than the

third, which is nearly twice as long as wide, four to ten feebly obconical, the

latter slightly wider than long, eleventh ogival, as long as the two preceding.

Prothorax large, three-fourths wider than long, widest at basal third, the sides

broadly arcuate, gradually convergent toward apex; base slightly wider than

the apex, both broadly arcuate; basal angles obtuse and rounded but not

obliterated ; disk evenly convex, without trace of impression. lytra as long

as the prothorax and distinctly narrower, one-half wider than long; sides

very feebly divergent from the base, scarcely visibly arcuate; disk slightly

impressed on the suture behind the scutellum. Abdomen a little longer than

the anterior parts, slightly narrower than the elytra; sides subparallel, becom-

ing gradually convergent behind; first segment impressed at base, the second

feebly, the third unimpressed ; fifth a little longer than the fourth. Length

1.6 mm.; width 0.4 mm.

Rhode Island (Boston Neck).

This species is apparently congenerie with the preceding, although

the vestiture is erect and not decumbent, and the posterior tarsi

shorter, with the two basal joints subequal in length.

COLPOSURA nt. gen.

Body narrow, elongate, rather convex, with a somewhat pro-

nounced longitudinal development of abdomen. Head triangular,

widest behind, not inserted, borne on a distinct but somewhat wide

and very short neck, the base nearly in contact with the pronotum

throughout; eyes moderate; infralateral carina completely want-

ing. Antenne rather short, very feebly incrassate, the three basal

joints more or less elongate. Gular sutures straight, convergent

from the base nearly to the support of the mentum, then divergent

to the sides of the buccal opening. Mentum small, transversely

trapezoidal, truncate. Ligula with a small rounded thick median

lobe, apparently perfectly simple, the labial palpi three-jointed, with

the middle joint shortest. Maxillary palpi with the second joint

rather small, slender, the third much longer, thicker, oval, con-

stricted at base; fourth small, subulate. Prothorax parallel, the

hypomera moderately inflexed, partially visible from the side.

Elytra well developed. Abdomen long, the first tergite rather

widely but feebly, the second and third narrowly and obsoletely,

impressed at base, the fifth much longer than the fourth; sixth

Coleopterological Notices, V. 337

segment large and greatly exposed, the ventral plate folded over

dorsally for an unusually great distance; seventh with rather com-

plex lateral lobes. Coxe moderate in size, the intermediate large,

approximate but not contiguous, the mesosternal process short and

broadly triangular, advancing for one-half their length, the point

free, extremely fine and attenuate. Metasternum ample, not pro-

duced at all between the coxe, there being simply a very feeble

arcuation opposite the coxal opening, the space thence to the meso-

sternum transversely convex. Legs short; tibiz rather slender ;

tarsi 4-5-5-jointed, the posterior distinctly shorter than the tibiz,

with the first joint moderately elongate, the first four decreasing

distinctly and uniformly in length; ungues small, arcuate and

simple.

The general structure of this genus allies it intimately with

Amischa Thoms., from which it differs in the more elongate

abdominal segments, much more developed sixth segment, and,

especially, in the structure of the metasternum between the middle

cox, which in Amischa is produced and acute. It is confined

apparently to the arid mountain regions of the west. The three

species described below may be thus distinguished among them-

selves :-—

Elytral suture not in the least longer than the pronotum.

Head at base but slightly narrower than the pronotum..........prelonga

Head scarcely two-thirds as wide as the pronotum................ PAFVICepPSs

Elytral suture slightly longer than the pronotum....................amgusta

In reality only the first of these species can be regarded as the

type of Colposura, parviceps and angusta having the metasternum

finely produced between the coxe; these therefore are much closer

still to Amischa. I have attached them provisionally to Colpo-

sura, however, because of their general resemblance to prelonga,

and because they differ from Amischa in their absolutely contigu-

ous middle coxe and more elongate ventral segments.

C. przlonga n. sp.—Narrow, parallel, pale ochreous-yellow throughout,

the head piceous; first five tergites blackish except at apex; anterior parts

finely reticulate, moderately shining, finely, feebly, rather closely but almost

imperceptibly punctate, the abdomen more shining, coarsely but feebly, sub-

imbricately sculptured; pubescence throughout fine short and decumbent.

Head triangular, not quite as long as wide, the neck scarcely two-fifths as wide

as the subbasal width, the latter but slightly, though distinctly, less than the

prothorax ; base subtruncate; basal angles rather narrowly rounded; sides

338 Coleopterological Notices, V.

thence convergent, the eyes at one-half more than their own length from the

base; antenne very slightly longer than the head and prothorax, cylindrical,

rather slender and loose, the first two joints elongate, subequal, the third

shorter, obconical, strongly constricted at base and longer than wide, fourth

wider, slightly transverse, five to ten still’a little wider, equal, moderately

transverse, eleventh suboval, barely as long as the two preceding, the apex

obliquely obtuse and asymmetrically pointed. Prothorar one-third wider than

long; sides parallel, feebly, evenly arcuate; apical angles rounded; apex

strongly oblique to the neck; basal angles very obtuse and blunt; base

broadly arcuate; disk feebly convex, with a rather large and feeble impres-

sion in the middle before the base. lytra slightly transverse, just percepti-

bly wider and longer than the prothorax ; sides subparallel ; humeri scarcely

at all exposed; disk transversely, feebly convex, not impressed. Abdomen

much longer than the anterior parts, very slightly narrower than the elytra ;

sides perfectly parallel and straight to the apex of the fifth segment, the latter

as densely sculptured as the others. Length (abdomen strongly exserted)

2.8 mm.; width 0.4 mm.

Wyoming (Cheyenne). Mr. H. F. Wickham.

The antebasal abdominal tergite is exserted, corneous and well

developed in this species. A single specimen, probably the female,

the anal segment having an ogival median lobe and quite complex

lateral alee.

C. parviceps n. sp.—Slender, dark brown, the head and abdomen

blackish except at the apices of the segments ; antenne toward base and legs

pale; anterior parts densely reticulate and feebly shining, the head and pro-

notum rather densely but feebly and indistinctly punctate, the elytra more

distinctly but finely, very densely, granularly punctate; abdomen more shin-

ing, closely, imbricately punctate ; pubescence very short, fine, rather dense.

Head small, as long as wide, two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, widest at

base, the neck deeply, acutely constricted across the dorsal surface at the base

of the occiput; eyes before the middle; antenne scarcely longer than the

head and prothorax, the third joint scarcely perceptibly shorter than the

second, evenly, strongly obconical, twice as long as wide, outer joints scarcely

increasing in width, loosely connected, distinctly transverse, eleventh sub-

quadrate, as long as the two preceding, obliquely, asymmetrically acuminate

at apex. Prothorax one-half wider than long; sides subparallel, broadly

evenly and feebly arcuate; base broadly arcuate, rather wider than the apex ;

basal angles distinct but rounded; disk broadly, strongly convex, broadly

flattened in the middle toward base, just before which there is a distinct sub-

transverse impression. lytra wider than long, just visibly wider and slightly

longer than the prothorax ; humeri not exposed at base. Abdomen much longer

than the anterior parts, distinctly narrower than the elytra; sides straight

and parallel to the apex of the fifth segment. Posterior tarsi very slender,

only slightly shorter than the tibie. Length 2.4mm.; width 0.5 mm.

ies =a

’

Coleopterological Notices, V. 339

Washington State (Spokane). Mr. Wickham.

Distinguishable readily from the preceding by its broader form,

more transverse prothorax, smaller and slightly less triangular head,

relatively longer third antennal joint, and darker color. The type

seems to be a female, and the sixth segment is, on the median line,

very nearly as long as the fifth.

C. angusta n. sp.—Slender, dark brown, the head and abdomen darker

except at the apices of the segments ; legs and antenne pale, the latter slightly

infuscate toward tip; anterior parts finely, densely reticulate and somewhat

dull, the head and pronotum finely and very indistinctly punctulate, the

elytra more distinctly but still very finely and densely so; abdomen uniformly

and closely, imbricately sculptured throughout, more shining; pubescence

fine, short and close, less dense on the abdomen. Head nearly as long as wide,

only slightly but distinctly narrower than the prothorax, gradually narrowed

anteriorly from the rounded basal angles, the neck only feebly constricted at

the base of the occiput; eyes before the middle; antennz distinctly longer

than the head and prothorax, in structure similar to the preceding species,

the third joint scarcely visibly shorter than the second, outer joints equal in

width, distinctly transverse. Prothorar one-third wider than long; sides

parallel, broadly, feebly, evenly arcuate; base broadly arcuate, equal in

width to the apex; basal angles distinct but rounded; disk convex, not

flattened in the middle, but with a deep transversely oval impression before

the base. lytra scarcely visibly wider but distinctly longer than the pro-

thorax, wider than long, the sides nearly parallel and straight; humeri

obliquely, feebly rounded, not exposed at base; disk feebly impressed behind

the scutellum. Abdomen much longer than the anterior parts, distinctly

narrower than the elytra, the sides parallel and straight. Length 2.0 mm. ;

width 0.4 mm.

Nevada (Elko). Mr. Wickham.

This species is smaller than the others and the elytra are longer,

the antenne are also more elongate.

TRICHIUSA 2. gen.

Body stout, compact, convex, bristling with long sparse hairs.

Head rather small, deflexed, the eyes well developed, at their own

length from the base; labrum transverse, truncate with rounded

angles. Mandibles moderate, the apices very slender and extremely

acute, simple. Infralateral carina obsolete. Antenne inerassate,

bristling with very long sete, the basal joint thicker and very much

longer than the second, the latter distinctly larger and longer than

the third, both the latter constricted at base; four to ten gradually

wider, transverse; tenth nearly twice as wide as long; eleventh

340 Coleopterological Notices, V.

very obtuse, barely as long as the two preceding; outer joints

somewhat distant and perfoliate. Mentum ample, trapezoidal,

truncate. Maxillary palpi with the third joint very much longer

and thicker than the second; fourth small, very slender, oblique.

Ligula with two minute and subparallel slender processes descend-

ing subvertically from the apex, also with two long sete; labial

palpi distinctly three-jointed, the first stouter and much longer than

the second; third slender, nearly as long as the first two. Protho-

rax rather small, transverse, the hypomera strongly inflexed but in

part visible from the side. Elytra wide, well developed, transverse.

Abdomen broad, parallel, the first three dorsals narrowly and deeply

impressed at base, fourth and fifth equal. Middle coxe very widely

separated, the mesosternal process scarcely more than one-third as

wide as the interval separating them, gradually, feebly deflexed,

abruptly and obtusely pointed or narrowly rounded at apex, ex-

tending through three-fourths of the coxal length, with its apex

superposed upon the broadly rounded apex of the very short and

wide metasternal process. Metasternum well developed, the side-

pieces parallel, the epimera projecting slightly behind the elytra.

Legs short but slender, the tarsi short, slender, distinctly 4-5-5-

jointed, the four basal joints of the posterior equal, the fifth longer

than the preceding two combined; ungues rather long, slender,

feebly arcuate.

The wide vacant space separating the middle coxe from the sides

of the mesosternal process is probably a constant feature. This

genus belongs near Hoplandria, from which it differs in habitus, in

the parallel sides and distinct basal angles of the prothorax, much

longer antenne with a longer basal joint, entire absence of the

terminal appendage of the fourth palpal joint, and, especially, in

the form of the ligula, which in Hoplandria has a long slender

almost simple terminal process; it also differs in its narrow,

obtusely pointed mesosternal process and parallel abdomen.

Several of the South and Central American species described

under the name Brachida, will probably have to be referred to

Trichiusa; in fact the tuberculate external apical angles of the

elytra in Brachida batesz Shp., points almost unmistakably to a

relationship with Hoplandria.'’ In the European representative of

1 In this connection the small tubercles near the inner apical angles of the

elytra. in Brachida notha are remarkable, in view of the four-jointed middie

tarsi.

Coleopterological Notices, V. 34]

Brachida notha before me, the middle tarsi are clearly four-jointed,

but they are equally plainly five-jointed in Trichiusa, and the two

genera differ completely in the form and relations of the intermeso-

coxal sclerites.

Although most closely allied to Hoplandria, the speeies of Tri-

chiusa bear a striking resemblance to Gyrophena, having the same

stout compact form, but may be known by the long hirsute vesti-

ture and the distinctly five-jointed middle tarsi. Of the following

five species, the first is to be considered the type; they are however

all congenerie :—

Antenne strongly incrassate and stout from the fourth jomt, which is strongly

RPM MEEMISC DMMP ceive vcnivonicce\cnesiedelodiecu cad sel vals wescesicerces osderecdeswes oo COMPACTS

Antenne not so fice, more a aattally ia feebly diabeadate ane fourth joint

subglobular and only slightly transverse.

Body black throughout.

Prothorax at base eae as wide as the elytra, the humeri searcely at

all exposed.

Defiexed apical angles of the prothorax obtuse but only very narrowly

rounded ; elytral vestiture shorter, coarser and subdecumbent, a few

long erect sete bristling along the sides of the body........setigera

Deflexed apical angles rounded ;. vestiture throughout the body con-

sisting of long equal closely eee and erect hairs, without longer

bristling sete along the sides. ag nch aos eed Cobbs ore aa pcan eevee) DIC SIG |

Prothorax at base narrower than hic elytra, oe pce heey ex-

posed ; vestiture rather long but decumbent; lateral setz subobsolete.

robustula

Body pale rufo-testaceous throughout, with a small piceous spot toward the

middle of the fourth tergite ; prothorax small; humeri broadly exposed ;

vestiture very long, sparse but shaggy ........sescesceseeeeeeee PALWICOLLIS

The species appear to be rather numerous, and others are perhaps

known at present in cabinets.

TT. compacta n. sp.—Stout, subparallel, convex, shining, the elytra

polished, black, the antenne toward base, elytra, apical parts of the first

three tergites and legs paler, rufo-testaceous; head and pronotum very

minutely sparsely punctate, the former with some larger punctures, the

latter with a few scattered large punctures toward base; elytra rather

coarsely, sparsely and somewhat irregularly punctured ; abdomen sparsely,

minutely granulato-punctate, the impressed parts subimpunctate ; pubescence

rather long, sparse and coarse. Head three-fourths as wide as the prothorax,

wider than long, with a feeble central impression, the antenne longer than

the prothorax and elytra, strongly incrassate. Prothorax a little less than

twice as wide as long; sides subparallel, arcuate; base and apex broadly,

strongly arcuate; apical angles moderately deflexed, broadly rounded ; basal

342 Coleopterological Notices, V.

obtuse but distinct, not blunt; disk strongly convex, finely beaded at the

sides and base, very obsoletely impressed in the middle before the base.

#lytra much wider than long, one-fourth wider and two-fifths longer than the

prothorax ; sides parallel, feebly arcuate; humeri slightly exposed. Abdomen

longer than the anterior parts, very nearly as wide as the elytra; sides parallel,

just visibly arcuate; border moderate; under surface densely, coarsely fulvo-

pubescent. Legs clothed sparsely with long hairs, the upper sides of the

femora and trochanters polished, impunctate and glabrous. Length 2.0 mm. ;

width 0.7 mm.

District of Columbia.

One of the three specimens has the pronotum also rufous, and

another has the pronotum and elytra black; this latter specimen

has the prothorax somewhat smaller, the elytra fully one-third

wider than that part, and with longer, more erect pubescence. It

is probably a variable species, with considerable sexual disparity

also, although the sexual marks at the apex of the venter are appa-

rently very feeble, and there are none on the tergum in the examples

before me.

WT. setigera n. sp.—Moderately stout and convex, thick, subparallel,

black, the legs and antenne toward base pale, flavescent; integuments feebly

reticulate throughout but polished, the head and pronotum finely, sparsely

punctate, the elytra more strongly but simply and not very densely so, the

abdomen sparsely and asperately ; pubescence long and conspicuous. Head

wider than long, only slightly but distinctly narrower than the prothorax ;

eyes rather prominent; tempora equal to them in length and feebly convergent

and arcuate to the base; surface flattened; antenne strongly setose, feebly,

gradually incrassate, about attaining basal third of the elytra, the first joint

much longer than the second, the latter thicker and a little longer than the

third, fourth slightly wider than long, subquadrate, tenth twice as wide as

the fourth and rather strongly transverse. Prothorax transversely subrect-

angular, nearly two-thirds wider than long; sides parallel, broadly arcuate ;

base and apex subequal, broadly, strongly arcuate; basal angles slightly

obtuse and distinct; disk strongly, evenly convex, very feebly impressed in

the middle toward base. Elytra transverse, about one-fourth wider and nearly

one-half longer than the prothorax; sides quite perceptibly divergent from

the base; disk feebly convex. Addomen, at the middle, as wide as the elytra,

but at base distinctly narrower, a little longer than the anterior parts; sides

parallel and arcuate; segments short, transverse, all equal in length, the

first three strongly, subequally impressed at base; border strong. Length

1.65 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

New Jersey. :

Smaller and rather more slender than compacta, to which it is

perhaps most strongly allied, and with strikingly different antennal

structure.

Coleopterological Notices, V. 843

T. pilosa n. sp.—Suboval, convex, polished, black throughout; legs and

antenne toward base pale; integuments finely, rather strongly reticulate

throughout; head and pronotum subimpunctate; elytra finely, very feebly,

rather closely so, the abdomen finely, very sparsely and granularly; pubes-

cence even in length, long, erect, moderately dense, conspicuous. Head nearly

as long as wide, small, not more than two-thirds as wide as the prothorax ;

eyes prominent; tempora longer than the eye, feebly convergent and straight

behind. them, rounded at base; surface broadly, strongly impressed in the

middle; antenne stout, bristling, but slightly longer than the head and pro-

thorax, the first joint distinctly longer than the second, the latter much longer

than the third, which is scarcely at all longer than wide, constricted at base,

fourth a little wider than long, four to six differing but little, seven to ten

larger, more pubescent, increasing more rapidly in width, tenth about twice

as wide as long, eleventh scarcely as long as the two preceding. Prothorar

fully two-thirds wider than long, sides strongly convergent and arcuate from

base to apex; base very much wider than the apex, both strongly arcuate ;

basal angles very obtuse but distinct; disk strongly convex, with three ex-

tremely obsolete parallel median longitudinal impressions, and a very obsolete

transverse impression before the base. lytra wider than long, one-third

wider and nearly one-half longer than the prothorax; sides perceptibly

divergent from the base and broadly arcuate; disk impressed behind the

scutellum. Abdomen in the middle as wide as the elytra, at base very slightly

narrower, as long as the anterior parts. Length 1.4mm.; width 0.5 mm.

Rhode Island (Boston Neck).

A very interesting species, wholly different from the preceding

in the form of the prothorax, and from robustula in its narrower

form, erect hirsute vestiture and other structural characters. Two

specimens. ‘The impressions of the pronotum are extremely feeble,

and join the transverse subbasal impression; in one of the specimens

the longitudinal impressions are obsolete, and at best they can be

only faintly seen.

T. robustula nu. sp.—Rather stout and convex, suboval, black, the legs

and antenne toward base pale; integuments densely and strongly reticulate

and alutaceous, the head and abdomen less strongly so and shining; head

subimpunctate ; pronotum very minutely and feebly so, the elytra more

strongly densely and subasperately but still very finely, the abdomen sparsely,

extremely finely and subasperately; pubescence rather long, decumbent, con-

spicuous, ashy in color, very sparse on the head and abdomen. Head rather

small, convex, impressed in the centre, scarcely three-fourths as wide as the

prothorax, wider than long; eyes at somewhat more than their own length

from the base, not very prominent, the tempora perfectly parallel and straight

behind them, then broadly rounded to the base; antenne attaining basal

third of the elytra, the basal joint longer than the second, the latter as long

as the next two, fourth slightly wider than long, outer joints gradually

344 Coleopterological Notices, V.

strongly transverse and perfoliate. Prothorax transversely oval, three-fourths

wider than long, the sides rounded and convergent anteriorly, becoming par-

allel and nearly straight in basal half; base slightly but distinctly wider than

the apex, both strongly arcuate; basal angles obtuse and blunt; disk strongly

convex, the median line feebly impressed and with a feeble transverse impres-

sion before the base. lytra transverse, nearly one-half wider and two-fifths

longer than the prothorax; sides slightly divergent and areuate from the

humeri, the latter narrowly rounded, rather broadly exposed at base; disk

convex, very broadly, feebly impressed near the scutellum. Abdomen short,

when moderately contracted not as long as the anterior parts, as wide as the

elytra; border rather strong and thick. Length 1.35 mm.; width 0.55 mm.

Iowa (Cedar Rapids). Dr. E. Brendel.

The large series before me exhibits scarcely any variation, even

in size. A specimen which I took at Galveston, Texas, differs but

very slightly and is probably conspecific.

T. parvicollis n. sp.—Oblong, convex, pale rufo-testaceous throughout,

with the exception of a small piceous cloud on the fourth tergite; integuments

strongly shining, the head and pronotum subimpunctate, the elytra very

minutely, rather closely but scarcely distinguishably, the abdomen minutely,

rather closely and subasperately; vestiture long, erect, ashy and bristling

from every part of the body. Head wider than long, strongly impressed in

the centre, fully three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, the eyes rather large,

at scarcely more than their own length from the base; tempora feebly con-

vergent and arcuate behind them to the very broad neck ; antenne longer,

unusually slender, extending to the middle of the elytra, the first joint longer

than the second, the latter scarcely longer but thicker than the third, four to

six moniliform, subglobular, nearly similar, seven to ten very slightly increas-

ing in width, the tenth slightly transverse, eleventh small, ovoidal, obtusely ©

acuminate, only one-half longer than the tenth. Prothorax small, transverse,

three-fifths wider than long, the sides strongly convergent, evenly and moder-

ately arcuate from base to apex ; base much broader and more strongly arcuate

than the apex; basal angles obtuse and blunt; disk strongly convex, feebly

impressed along the median line toward base only. Llytra strongly transverse,

three-fifths wider and two-fifths longer than the prothorax; sides but feebly

divergent and slightly arcuate from the humeri, which are right, scarcely

rounded and broadly, transversely exposed at base. Abdomen scarcely as long

as the anterior parts, in the middle as wide as the elytra, but at base distinctly

narrower; sides parallel and arcuate; border thick; posterior margins of

tergites three and four broadly, feebly sinuate in circular arc throughout the

width ; fifth distinctly longer than the fourth, transverse at apex. Posterior

tarsi two-thirds as long as the tibiz, the first four joints equal, the fifth as long

as the preceding two. Length 1.7 mm.; width 0.65 mm.

Delaware.

This species is somewhat aberrant in its longer, more slender and

less incrassate antenne, and longer fifth ventral segment. It is

Coleopterological Notices, V. 345

however congeneric without doubt. A single specimen of undeter-

mined sex.

PLATANDRIA n. gen.

Body rather broad, fusiform. Head well inserted, not constricted

at base, the eyes large, oval; infralateral carina strong, entire.

Antenne rather short, slender, becoming gradually strongly incras-

sate in apical half. Mentum rather large, transversely trapezoidal,

broadly sinuato-truncate at apex. Ligula with a slender process

which is deeply forked at apex, each lobe bearing at its apex a

slender flexible and attenuate appendage. Labial palpi three-jointed,

the basal joint thick, long, cylindrical, obliquely truncate at apex;

third slender, with a terminal appendage. Maxillary palpi well

developed, the third joint slightly longer than the second, the fourth

lone and distinct, with a slender supplenientary appendage. Pro-

thorax nearly as in Hoplandria, the hypomera strongly inflexed and

invisible from the side. Elytra well developed. Abdomen gradu-

ally narrowed from the base; border strong, the two basal tergites

strongly but rather narrowly impressed at base, the third finely and

very feebly so; fifth much longer than the fourth; sixth distinct

and wide. Middle cox large, oblique, deeply inserted, narrowly

separated, the mesosternal process very long and acutely attenuate,

extending very nearly to the tips of the coxe, with its apex free

and overlapping the apex of the rather short but acute metasternal

process. Metasternum large, the parapleure moderately wide, per-

fectly parallel, the epimera extending scarcely at all behind the

elytra. Legs moderate in length, the tibie slender; tarsi long,

slender, 4-5-5-jointed, the posterior very nearly as long as the tibia,

with the basal joint elongate, the first four decreasing rapidly in

length, the fifth somewhat longer and much more slender than the

first; ungues moderately long, slender, rather strongly arcuate and

divaricate.

The paraglosse are not distinct in the type and appear to be

much less developed than in Hoplandria and Platonica, with which

this genus is to be associated. It differs from the first in the form of

the ligula and structure of the tarsi, and from the latter altogether

in the structure of the mesocoxal sclerites. In Hoplandria ochracea

the process of the ligula is long and slender, perfectly cylindrical,

but bearing at its extreme tip two very minute subparallel and

apparently setiform appendages, almost exactly as in the American

species of Echidnoglossa.

Annaus N. Y. Acap. Scr., VII, Oct. 1893.—23

346 Coleopterological Notices, V.

P. mormonica n.sp.—Rather broad, somewhat shining, the abdomen

polished, dark rufo-piceous in color, the abdomen black throughout; legs dark,

rufescent ; antenne black, pale toward base; head and pronotum minutely,

not densely, evenly punctate, the elytra hardly less minutely and rather more

sparsely, but more distinctly so; abdomen finely, evenly, somewhat closely

punctate throughout, and with somewhat well-marked imbricate sculpture ;

pubescence short, subrecumbent, rather dense but not conspicuous, longer

and sparser on the abdomen. Head small, nearly as long as wide, slightly

more than one-half as wide as the prothorax, the eyes at about one-half of

their length from the base ; antennz about as long as the head and prothorax,

the first three joints subequal in length, the first stouter, cylindrical, third

one-half longer than the fourth which is distinctly longer than wide, fifth

subquadrate, joints five to ten gradually and rapidly broader, the tenth twice

as wide as long, eleventh as: long as the two preceding, moderately pointed at

apex. /Prothorax three-fourths wider than long, the sides rounded and parallel

near the base, then strongly convergent and nearly straight to the apex; basal

angles very obtuse and blunt; base broadly evenly and strongly arcuate,

much wider than the subtruncate apex; disk strongly convex, perfectly even,

unimpressed. lytra two-fifths wider than long, at apex about one-fifth wider

than the prothorax, nearly one-half longer than the latter ; humeri obliquely,

feebly rounded externally; disk broadly, indefinitely impressed behind the

scutellum. Abdomen at base quite distinctly narrower than the elytra, much

longer than the anterior-parts. Length 2.7 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

Utah (Provo). Mr. H. F. Wickham.

The single type before me is a male, having a long distinct carina

on the fifth tergite and another, only slightly shorter, on the sixth;

elytral angles and second segment not in the least modified.

GNYWPETA Thoms.

A genus allied to Tachyusa and comprising but few species at

present.

G. atrolucens n. sp.—Polished, intense black, throughout; base and

apex of the tibize and tarsi paler; antenne not paler at base; pubescence

not very dense, short, stiff, erect, pale brown in color and not conspicuous.

Head slightly wider than long, finely, sparsely punctate, the vertex broadly,

feebly impressed in the middle; eyes large, somewhat convex, setose, at less

than their own length from the base; tempora broadly rounded at base to the

very wide neck; antennz long, slender, feebly incrassate, nearly two-fifths as

long as the body. Prothorar about one-third wider than long, widest at apical

third where the sides are narrowly rounded and somewhat prominent, thence

feebly convergent and distinctly sinuate to the basal angles, the latter obtuse

but not rounded; base broadly arcuate, wider than the apex; disk convex,

feebly impressed in a transversely oval discal area before the scutellum.

Elytra nearly one-half wider and longer than the prothorax, moderately trans-

Coleopterological Notices, V. | 347

verse, parallel, each broadly feebly and obliquely sigmoid at apex; humeri

broadly exposed and transverse at base; disk minutely, feebly punctate like

the pronotum, broadly impressed behind the scutellum. Abdomen parallel,

slightly longer than the anterior parts, much narrower than the elytra, rather

wider than the prothorax, finely, feebly, almost evenly, not densely punctate,

the transverse impressions of the three basal segments equal, strong, coarsely

but very sparsely punctate; border thick, not very deep. Legs rather long

and slender, the tarsi moderate in length. Length 2.6 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

New York.

Closely resembles the European carbonaria Mann., but differs in

its relatively larger head and smaller prothorax, much more widely

exposed elytral humeri and shorter, much less conspicuous pubes-

cence.

ANEUROTA 2. gen.

Body linear and rather depressed. Head large, transverse at

base, feebly sinuate in the middle, borne on an extremely short,

narrow neck which is less than one-fourth as wide as the base; eyes

large, feebly convex, before the middle; tempora long, parallel,

feebly arcuate. Antenne widely separated, feebly‘ incrassate, the

second joint nearly as long as the next two; third strongly obconi-.

cal, nearly twice as long as wide; tenth slightly wider than long.

Labrum short, truncate. Infralateral carina completely obsolete;

gular sutures distant, parallel. Mentum very short, strongly trans-

verse, trapezoidal, deeply sinuate at apex, the sinus filled with a

transparent hypoglottis. Maxillary palpi rather small and slender,

the fourth joint minute, oblique. Ligula not distinct, the labial

palpi very small, apparently three-jointed. Prothorax small, cordi-

form, the flanks feebly inflexed and not separated by a fine line;

base finely and distinctly margined, the basal angles sharply defined.

Hlytra well developed. Abdomen much shorter than the anterior

parts, the sides straight and almost imperceptibly divergent from

base to apex; first three segments deeply impressed and impunctate

at base; fourth and fifth equal and a little longer, unimpressed.

Prosternum moderately developed before the coxe. Middle coxe

separated by one-third of their width, the acetabula deep and well-

defined; mesosternal process narrowly truncate and extending

slightly beyond the middle. Legs short but rather slender; tarsi

4-5-5-jointed, the posterior distinctly shorter than the tibia, with

the basal joint moderate, not longer than the next two.

The type of this genus is a minute species having a peculiar

348 Coleopterological Notices, V.

linear depressed form. It is allied to Cardiola, but differs in its

parallel form, in the more elongate second antennal joint, more

prolonged mesosternal process, shorter basal joint of the hind tarsi,

and in having a fine distinct basal margin of the pronotum with

well-defined basal angles. It resembles Cardiola in the absence of

a dividing line between the pronotum and its inflexed flanks.

A. sulcifrons n. sp.—Polished, piceous-black, the antenne concolorous

throughout; elytra and legs dark piceous-brown; punctures very minute

sparse and subgranuliform, except on the abdomen, where they are a little

larger, more distinct and nearly simple or slightly asperate; pubescence fine

and sparse but rather long and distinct. Head slightly longer and much

wider than the prothorax, the eyes at one-half more than their own length

from the base; antenne about as long as the head and prothorax; surface

with a coarse deeply excavated groove extending from the apical margin

behind the middle, there becoming finer to the base. Prothorax fully as long

as wide, widest at apical fourth where the sides are very strongly rounded,

thence extremely oblique to the neck and distinctly convergent and nearly

straight to the base, the latter truncate; disk transversely convex, with a

deep median sulcus extending from base to apex. Elytra about as large as the

head, distinctly wider and longer than the prothorax, subquadrate, parallel

and straight at the sides ; humeri broadly exposed at base; disk flat, narrowly

impressed along the suture. Abdomen at base distinctly narrower than the

elytra, but, at apex, subequal in width; border thin, nearly vertical. Length

1.4 mm.; width 0.3 mm.

Florida.

The deep sulcus of the front may be a sexual peculiarity, in part

at least.

BoLiIToOcHARIDES.

Antenne ll]-jointed; tarsi 4-4-5-jointed.

APHELOGLOSSA 0». gen.

Body elongate, subparallel and subdepressed. Head rather large,

transverse, narrowed toward base but scarcely constricted, the eyes

rather large, convex, setose and prominent, at less than their own

length from the base; infralateral carina feebly traceable, inter-

rupted and nearly obsolete, antenne rather long, thick, feebly ineras-

sate, finely pubescent, bristling with long sparse sete, the basal

joint thicker and much longer than the second or third, the latter

equal, elongate; fourth subquadrate; tenth one-third wider than

long; eleventh ogival, as long as the two preceding. Mentum

Coleopterological Notices, V. 349

large, feebly transverse, trapezoidal, broadly impressed laterally,

the apex strongly emarginate throughout the width. Ligula appa-

rently with a small acuminate apical process; labial palpi very

long, two-jointed, the second about twice as long as the first, slen-

der, somewhat contorted toward apex. Maxillary palpi normal.

-Prothorax subparailel, the sides feebly convergent toward base,

and, viewed sublaterally, broadly, strongly sinuate before the basal

angles; hypomera feebly inflexed, broadly visible from the side,

entire, broad behind. Elytra well developed, parallel. Abdomen

parallel, the first three segments impressed at base, the fourth and

fifth equal. Anterior coxze moderate; intermediate widely sepa-

rated, the mesosternal process extending to the middle, flat, broadly

rounded at apex, the latter slightly superposed on the tip of the

broad metasternal process; acetabula deep, sharply defined. Meta-

sternum large and long, the side pieces moderate in width, parallel.

Legs rather short; tibiz clothed densely and evenly with short

stiff inclined sete, with a very long black seta just behind the

middle and another near the tip externally; tarsi 4-4-5 jointed,

slender, the last joint of the anterior and intermediate much longer

than the basal three; posterior much shorter than the tibie, but

very slender, the four basal joints exactly equal, fifth very long but

distinctly shorter than the first four together; claws very long,

slender, feebly arcuate.

This genus appears to be allied to the European Diestota, but

differs in the subobsolete infralateral carina of the head, longer, less

incrassate antenne, emarginate mentum, more developed proster-

num and longer terminal joint of the tarsi. Dziestota funebris Shp.,

will probably have to be referred to Apheloglossa.

A. rufipennis n. sp.—Subparallel, black, basal parts of the antenne

and legs throughout dark rufo-testaceous; elytra rufous, clouded with blackish

in a broad subtriangular basal area and externally toward apex; head and

pronotum minutely, strongly granulato-reticulate and perfectly opaque, finely,

closely but almost imperceptibly punctate; elytra finely reticulate, more aluta-

ceous, minutely, very densely, subasperately but not very plainly punctate,

the abdomen shining, finely, closely, distinctly punctate, more sparsely toward

tip; pubescence anteriorly short, suberect, dense but not conspicuous, still

denser on the elytra, longer but sparse on the abdomen. Head transverse,

fully four-fifths as wide as the prothorax; antenne nearly as long as the pro-

thorax and elytra together, very widely distant at base. Prothorax transverse,

three-fifths wider than long, the sides from above subparallel, broadly, evenly

arcuate; apex truncate, just visibly narrower than the base, the apical angles

obtuse but distinct from above; base broadly, feebly arcuate; basal angles

350 Coleopterological Notices, V.

obtuse but very distinct, not in the least blunt; disk even, unimpressed,

feebly convex. lytra transverse, nearly one-third wider and one-half longer

than the prothorax ; sides parallel, feebly arcuate; humeri broadly exposed

at base; disk flattened, very feebly, broadly impressed on the suture toward

base. Abdomen distinctly longer than the anterior parts, much narrower than

the elytra; sides parallel, nearly straight; border thick; under surface

finely, densely punctate and densely clothed with long decumbent pubescence.

Posterior tarsi three-fourths as long as the tibia. Length 3.3-3.6 mm. ; width

0.85 min.

Arizona (Benson). Mr. G. W. Dunn.

The general appearance of this insect suggests a community of

habit with the large Maseochare of the same regions.

PLACUSA Erichs.

The following species perfectly resembles the European compla-

mata, but is narrower, with shorter antenne, and denser and still

more obscure sculpture.

P. tacom®2 n. sp.—Oblong-elongate, strongly depressed, black through-

out, the legs and antenne piceous, the elytra frequently paler; integuments

extremely dull opaque and minutely, densely granulato-reticulate, the elytra

rather less opaque, the abdomen shining; head and pronotum very minutely,

extremely densely and almost undistinguishably punctate, the elytra rather

less minutely, extremely densely and more visibly so, the abdomen distinctly

but very densely punctate, more sparsely near the apex; pubescence very

minute and scarcely noticeable. Head large, wider than long, distinctly nar-

rower than the prothorax, the surface flat ; antenne one-half longer than the

head, the basal joint a little longer and thicker than the second, the latter

longer and much thicker than the third, which is longer than wide and

strongly constricted at base, four to ten very strongly transverse, seven to ten

equal in width, about twice as wide as long, eleventh obtuse, as long as the

preceding two. Prothorax twice as wide as long, the sides just visibly conver-

gent from base to apex and broadly, strongly arcuate; base broadly, strongly

arcuate, becoming feebly sinuate near the basal angles, which are obtuse but

well marked ; disk not distinctly impressed. L£/lytra at base a little narrower,

at apex somewhat broader, than the prothorax, about one-third longer ; sides

straight; humeri completely concealed at base; apex transversely truncate ;

disk flat. Abdomen distinctly longer than the anterior parts, evidently nar-

rower than the elytra, the sides subparallel at base, becoming gradually con-

vergent behind; border rather thick, the first tergite very narrowly and

feebly, the others not perceptibly, impressed at base; fifth much longer than

the fourth ; ante-basal infraelytral tergite corneous and frequently exserted.

Legs short ; tarsi long, the posterior evidently shorter than the tibiz, with the

first joint about as long as the next two. Length 1.9 mm.; width 0.7 mm.

Coleopterological Notices, V. a

Washington State (Spokane).

The male from which the above description is taken, has the apex

of the sixth tergite prolonged in the middle in a short broad trun-

cate ligula, and, between this and each side, there is a slender spine

as long as the ligula, which is gradually and feebly bent toward the

middle. This species was taken by Mr. Wickham, apparently in

considerable numbers.

P. complanata is said by Mr. Fauvel to occur in Massachusetts ;

among other differences it has the joints of the antennze much less

transverse than tacome.

SILUSA Erichs.

S. vesperis n. sp.—Stout, subparallel, rather thick and convex, blackish,

the elytra rather more rufo-piceous; legs pale; antenne dark red-brown,

paler toward base; integuments strongly shining throughout, the abdomen

highly polished; head and pronotum extremely finely and very sparsely

punctate; elytra strongly densely and subasperately punctate, the abdomen

finely, sparsely so, almost impunctate toward apex; pubescence rather coarse,

not dense but distinct, very sparse on the abdomen. Head distinctly wider

than long, scarcely four-fifths as wide as the prothorax ; eyes moderate, setose,

at rather less than their length. from the base; antenne long and rather

strongly incrassate, finely pubescent and bristling with long erect set, fully

as long as the pronotum and elytra, second joint a little shorter than the

third, the latter elongate but shorter than the first, fourth and fifth feebly

obconical, the former a little longer than wide, the latter as wide as long,

tenth about one-third wider than long, eleventh as long as the two preceding.

Prothorax transverse, three-fifths wider than long, widest at the middle; sides

broadly arcuate anteriorly, feebly convergent and slightly sinuate toward

base; apex truncate, slightly narrower than the base, the latter broadly,

distinctly arcuate, becoming straight or very feebly sinuate near the basal

angles, which are obtuse but distinct; disk broadly convex, with a small

transverse impression in the middle near the base. lytra nearly one-half

wider than long, just visibly wider and distinctly longer than the prothorax ;

sides parallel, very feebly arcuate; humeri slightly rounded to the pronotum;

lateral apical sinuations strong; disk feebly impressed along the suture.

Abdomen at base slighty narrower than the elytra, as long as the anterior

parts ; sides subparallel toward base, feebly convergent behind ; border rather

thick ; first three tergites transversely impressed at base; fourth and fifth

equal in length. Legs moderate; first joint of the hind tarsi slightly longer

than the second, the fifth as long as the preceding three; fourth joint of the

intermediate rather longer than the other three together. Length 2.8 mm. ;

width 0.85 mm,

352 Coleopterological Notices, V.

California (Humboldt Co.).

The labial palpi are very long and slender, composed apparently

of two closely connected joints, forming an obtuse angle, the second

about one-half longer than the first and feebly acuminate toward

tip. This species agrees tolerably well in form and size with rubi-

ginosa, but the sides of the prothorax are more convergent and

sinuate toward base, and the basal angles are much more pro-

nounced; the antenne, also, are longer, rather looser and more

incrassate.

Silusa gracilis Sachse, is a more slender parallel and less convex

species, with the second joint of the labial palpi much shorter, not

longer than the first, and somewhat claviform. I have specimens

agreeing very well with the description from Pennsylvania and

Iowa. The following is a species more nearly resembling gracilis,

but much smaller still :—

S.nanula n. sp.—Rather narrow, thick, subparallel, moderately shin-

ing, the head coarsely, very densely but inconspicuously punctate, the punc-

tures round, very shallow, variolate and somewhat umbilicate; pronotum

reticulate, finely densely and granularly punctate; elytra coarsely deeply

and densely so, the punctures normal but giving a somewhat rugose appear-

ance; abdomen finely but strongly, granularly and rather densely punctured

toward base; pubescence fine, suberect, dense but not conspicuous ; abdomen

with long bristling pubescence toward apex, especially beneath ; color very

dark red-brown, the abdomen feebly rufesvent toward base, pale at tip; legs

pale flavate; antenne dusky, the basal joints and also the eleventh paler.

Head transverse, fully three-fourths as wide as the prothorax ; eyes moderately

prominent, at their own length from the base; antenne short, feebly incras-

sate, but slightly longer than the head and prothorax, bristling with long

sparse sete, basal joint much longer and thicker than the second, the latter

longer than the third, which is twice as long as wide, fourth subquadrate,

outer joints becoming strongly transverse, also more and more obconical and

with a corona of dense ashy pubescence, the tenth scarcely twice as wide as

long, eleventh large, conoidal, as long as the two preceding. Prothorax three-

fourths wider than long; sides parallel, almost evenly, distinctly arcuate,

becoming straight and convergent in basal half; base and apex subequal,

the former more arcuate; basal angles very obtuse bnt distinct; basal beaded

edge conspicuous and rather abruptly defined; disk very obsoletely, broadly

flattened in the middle before the base. lytra subquadrate, one-fourth wider

and fully one-half longer than the prothorax; sides nearly straight, the

humeri slightly visible. Abdomen narrower than the elytra but wider than

the prothorax ; sides parallel and nearly straight; first three segments im-

pressed at base; fifth longer than the fourth. Legs moderate; posterior tarsi

short, the first two joints oblong, equal. Length 1.7 mm.; width 0.5 mm.

Coleopterological Notices, Vz 353

Rhode Island (Boston Neck).

The description is drawn from the male, this sex having a small

but rather strong carina near the apex of the fifth dorsal segment,

and another, more feeble, near the apex of the sixth.

There is a remarkable and isolated group of genera inhabiting

the northern beaches of the Pacific coast, having the elytra ex-

tremely short, the tibiz short, completely devoid of lateral spin-

ules, and clothed with long sparse erect hairs, the tarsi very short,

thick, 4-4-5-jointed, the first four of the posterior equal or with the

first just visibly longer than the second, the prothorax narrowed

toward base, with the hypomera feebly inflexed, and the labial palpi

two-jointed. They may be defined as follows :—

Metasternum invisible except between the apices of the middle coxe, which

extend to or slightly upon the bases of the posterior ; labial palpi greatly

developed, the basal joint stout, cylindrical, more than twice as long as

the second and as long as the second maxillary ; integuments extremely

opaque and densely granulato-reticulate throughout.

Body broad, the abdomen inflated, with no segment at all impressed at

base, the metasternal side-pieces extending behind the elytra; labrum

very strongly transverse, four times as wide as long, truncate; mentum

strongly transverse, the apex transversely truncate and with an abrupt

shallow emargination occupying median third, with its bottom transverse ;

ligula with a slender defiexed terminal process, the supports of the palpi

separated by a rather wide parallel intermediate piece ; mandibles serru-

late from the internal submedian tooth nearly to the apex; infralateral

carina partially obsolete ..........ccceececeeseeeeeeeee eee ME paArocephalus

Body narrow, the ae ionisn + not \ainieted Hitoneey ees broader than the

anterior parts, the first three segments transversely impressed at base ;

metasternal side-pieces not extending behind the elytra; labrum smaller,

twice as wide as long, rounded ; mentum narrower, more rounded at apex,

with a small median emargination in circular arc; process of ligula not

visible in the types; supports of the labial palpi very approximate,

separated by a slender acute process; mandibles smaller, not serrulate

within ; infralateral carina feeble but almost entire............ Diaulota

Metasternum longer, the apices of the intermediate separated from the bases

of the posterior coxe by a conspicuous interval ; labial palpi long but much

more slender, the basal joint slightly longer and only very slightly thicker

than the second; eyes extremely small, rudimentary ; integuments more

finely sculptured but Aull ...... cc. ce kcc sec cee cee cee cesses eceeeeese MIM DIOP USA

In these genera the middle coxe are contiguous and their aceta-

bula indefinitely limited behind ; in Liparocephalus and Diaulota the

354 Coleopterological Notices, V.

coxe are all very large but are much smaller in Amblopusa. They

would be allied to Sipalia if the labial palpi were three-jointed and

the middle acetabula sharply defined.

LIPAROCEPHALUS Mak.

Of this singular genus there are two species very closely allied

but undoubtedly distinct, as follows :—

Body black throughout; antennz shorter, barely as long as the head and

prothorax, the outer joints slightly wider than long; prothorax slightly

transverse, pyaar ec constricted Lae more than twice as long as the

elytra... ae Renae .. Drevipennis M&kl.

Body piven se Meade a speah eae sates eeieeoeey antenne distinctly

longer than the head and prothorax, the outer joints not wider than long ;

prothorax strongly transverse, very strongly constricted at base and not

more than twice as long as the elytra..............+.+0+..- COrdicollis Lec.

These differences appear to be independent of sex, the sixth ven-

tral being broadly lobed in the middle in the four specimens which

I have examined; these specimens are from Washington State and

Queen Charlotte Island.

In placing the genus Liparocephalus in the Pederini, Maklin

evidently had in view only the peculiar dull lustre, a characteristic

feature in Lithocharis and some allied genera; the shape of the

head also reminds us of some peederides.

DIAULOTA nt. gen.

Although greatly resembling Liparocephalus in general organi-

zation, dense granulose sculpture and large coxe, the species of

Diaulota can be distinguished readily by their narrow parallel body

with undilated abdomen, more convex eyes, shorter antenne, nar-

rower and more elongate head, much less constricted prothorax and

many other characters as given in the table. In my cabinet there

are representatives of two species :—

Tibize clothed a little more thinly with longer hair; prothorax relatively

longer, less narrowed behind and much narrower than the elytra.

densissima

Tibie clothed with shorter hair; pubescence of the upper surface shorter and

less conspicuous ; prothorax at its widest part fully as wide as the elytra.

insolita

D. densissima n. sp.—Black throughout, the anterior parts densely

Opaque, the abdomen dull but more alutaceous; pubescence moderately

Coleopterological Notices, V. 300

dense, fine, erect, not very conspicuous. Head narrow, elongate, the sides

parallel and feebly arcuate; eyes small, rather coarsely faceted, convex, at

twice their length from the base; antenne short, one-third longer than the

head, moderately incrassate, the second joint thick, nearly as wide as the

first, much thicker than the third, but slightly longer than wide, third

strongly obconical, slightly longer than wide, four to ten transverse, gradu-

ally wider, eleventh small, conoidal, not as long as the preceding two. Pro-

_ thorax but very slightly wider than the head and about as long, fully as long

as wide; sides subparallel, broadly feebly and evenly arcuate, but slightly

more convergent toward base than apex ; disk evenly convex, widest slightly

before the middle; apex broadly arcuate and just visibly wider than the base.

Elytra short, fully twice as wide as long, one-half as long as the prothorax

and nearly one-fifth wider; sides feebly convergent from apex to base and

feebly, evenly arcuate. Abdomen thick, parallel, fully as wide as the elytra,

nearly twice as long as the anterior parts; sides nearly straight; border

thick ; surface transversely and feebly convex. Tibize moderate in length ;

posterior tarsi barely one-half as long as the tibiz, the first four joints very

short, equal; ungues long, slender, evenly and rather strongly arcuate.

Length 2.7 mm.; width 0.7 mm.

Alaska (mainland opposite Ft. Wrangel). Mr. H. F. Wickham.

The single specimen serving as the type is apparently a female.

The other species is nearly similar, but differs in the following

characters :—

D. imsolita n. sp.—Black throughout and very dull, body narrower.

Prothorax wider than the head, not quite as long as wide, wider just before the

middle where the sides are broadly arcuate to the apex, distinctly convergent

but not sinuate to the base, which is noticeably narrower than the apex.

Elytra barely twice as wide as long, equal in width to the prothorax and

rather more than one-half as long. Abdomen long, at base as wide as the

elytra; sides straight, gradually divergent behind, so that the apex of the

fourth segment is fully one-third wider than the elytra; border thick. Length

(extended) 2.8 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Queen Charlotte Isiand.

The male has the sixth ventral plate prolonged in the middle in

a rounded triangular lobe. In both of these species the last three

joints of the antenne form a kind of club, the ninth and tenth being

longer as well as wider than those preceding them.

The label states that the type specimen was taken near low water

on the beach,

AMBLOPUSA 1. gen.

Body extremely slender, parallel, linear, thick and slightly con-

vex. Head oval, parallel, the sides broadly arcuate; labrum mode-

356 Coleopterological Notices, V.

rately transverse, rounded ; infralateral carina obsolete, feebly trace-

able very near the base. Hyes rudimentary, consisting of five or

six coarse facets in a cluster behind the mandibles. Antenne rather

short, moderately incrassate ; outer joints subsimilar, strongly trans-

verse; second cylindrical, as long as the next two and about as

thick. Mentum large, very slightly wider than long, trapezoidal,

the sides feebly sinuate ; apex rather more than one-half as wide as

the base and evenly sinuate in circular are throughout the width.

Ligula not distinct in the type. Maxillary palpi normal, the third

joint longer than the second. Prothorax narrowed toward base,

the hypomera scarcely inflexed beyond the vertical, large, evanes-

cent far behind the apex. Elytra very short. Abdomen long, par-

allel; first five segments equally impressed at base; fifth longer

than the fourth; sixth distinct, a little narrower than the fifth but

as long as the fourth. Middle coxe contiguous, the mesosternal

process short, triangular, acute, extending barely to the middle.

Metasternal side-pieces rapidly widening behind. Legs very short,

sparsely hairy, the tibize not at all spinulose; tarsi very short,

stout, the posterior three-fifths as long as the tibie, with the first

joint very slightly longer than the second; ungues very small,

slender, moderately arcuate. |

A. brevipes n. sp.—Slender, pale rufo-testaceous throughout, except the

abdomen above and beneath, which is piceous-black with the apex pale;

integuments dull and minutely, strongly reticulate, the abdomen less strongly

so and more shining ;

minutely, not densely but more distinctly so; pubescence distinct, rather long

and moderately dense. Head convex, ovalo-conoidal, a little longer than wide,

rather longer than the prothorax and fully as wide or a little wider; antenne

nearly one-half longer than the head. Prethorax very slightly wider than long,

widest at the apical angles, the sides thence moderately convergent and nearly

straight to the basal angles, which are obtuse and slightly blunt; apex broadly

evenly and rather strongly arcuate, distinctly wider than the base; disk

broadly flattened toward the middle. /ytra three-fourths as long as the pro-

thorax, and, at apex, not at all wider; sides convergent and scarcely arcuate

from apex to base. Abdomen as wide as the elytra, parallel, one-half longer

than the anterior parts; sides straight; border moderate, equal; surface

transversely and feebly convex. Length 1.7 mm.; width 0.3 mm.

Alaska (Ft. Wrangel). Mr. Wickham.

I have seen only a single specimen, probably a male, the sixth

ventral plate being broadly, very obtusely lobed behind.

anterior parts finely, indistinctly punctate, the abdomen

Coleopterological Notices, V. 357

THECTUROTA 0». gen.

The body is extremely slender, parallel and subdepressed. Head

large, flat, slightly broader toward base, the eyes small, far before

the middle and slightly prominent. Antenne short, feebly incras-

sate. Mentum small, transverse. Ligula with the apical process

short, cylindrical, thin and perfectly simple, the labial palpi three-

jointed, with the first joint nearly as long as the next two, cylin-

drical; second thinner, longer than wide; third still more slender

and a little longer than the second. Maxille well developed, the

eardo large, the lobes very small, short, the palpi small, the third

joint but slightly longer than the second, but thick and obconical ;

fourth distinct, oblique. Gular sutures long, straight and parallel ;

infralateral carina wholly obsolete. Prothorax slightly narrowed

toward base, the hypomera visible from the side. Middle coxe

moderately large, contiguous, the mesosternal process very slender

and acute. Metasternum large, the side-pieces rather narrow, par-

allel anteriorly but with the inner line approaching the elytra pos-

teriorly, becoming very acute and narrow at the elytral apex. Legs

very short; tarsi short and stout, plainly 4-4-5-jointed, the first four

joints of the posterior equal, short, thick, the last moderate in length;

claws moderate, slender, evenly arcuate.

The extremely small and slender forms referred to this genus

remind us of Hydrosmecta Thoms., but are allied closely to Thec-

tura, and resemble the latter in the peculiar posteriorly attenuate

met-episterna, but differ in the complete absence of any of the

caudal spines so characteristic of that genus. Several of the spe-

cies have a deep transverse pit at the extreme base of the occiput,

and the types of one or two have the head thrown back slightly,

obscuring this part, but it is probably a generic character. In

Hydrosmecta subtilissima the middle tarsi are five-jointed, and

the gular sutures converge from the base.

The species of Thecturota are among the smallest, and are prob-

ably the most slender, of the Aleocharini; they will prove to be

tolerably numerous, and the four in my cabinet may be separated

by the following characters :—

Head gradually perceptibly wider behind, the eyes very small and the upper

_ surface coarsely and distinctly punctured........................ CemUuissima

Head parallel or very nearly so, the eyes larger and the surface finely, feebly

and very indistinctly punctate.

358 Coleopterological Notices, V.

Head and prothorax equal in width and distinctly narrower than the elytra.

Elytra distinctly longer than the prothorax; pubescence denser.

capito

Elytra not longer than the prothorax ; pubescence sparse; body slightly

MOE SLEMMEF ocway cok codecs dec Peoasdnnapeaceoeacwee tonic andes cole etmame eee Cita ENE

Head and prothorax subequal in width to the elytra; pubescence dense ;

elytra much longer than the prothorax .............ceeee cee senses sees CXIZUA

I have not been able to discern any marked sexual modifications.

T. tenuissima n. sp.—Linear, strongly shining throughout, dark pice-

ous-brown, the pronotum, tip of the abdomen and legs pale flavate; antenne

dusky, pale toward base; pubescence sparse, moderately long, subrecumbent,

coarse, not conspicuous ; head coarsely, sparsely, conspicuously but not very

deeply punctate, the punctures wanting along the median line; pronotum

and elytra very minutely sparsely and inconspicuously punctate, polished,

not at all reticulate; abdomen finely, sparsely but more distinctly and sub-

asperately punctured. Head large, fully as wide as the prothorax and as long

as wide, the sides behind the eyes straight and feebly divergent to basal

fourth, then broadly rounded to the wide neck; surface with a small deep

elongate impression in the middle just behind the eyes; antenne one-third

louger than the head, feebly incrassate, the basal joint much longer than the

second, the latter as long as the next two, obconical and nearly twice as long

as wide, fourth to tenth very strongly transverse, close but somewhat perfo-

liate, feebly increasing in width and also in length, eleventh slightly longer

than wide, obtusely rounded at tip, as long as the preceding two. Prothorax

about one-third wider than long, the sides feebly convergent and straight

from near the apex to the obtuse and indistinct basal angles; base scarcely

as wide as the apex; disk feebly convex, with a very feeble but entire median

impressed line. lytra nearly as long as wide, equal in width to the protho-

rax and quite distinctly longer; sides straight and parallel. Abdomen linear,

rather longer than the anterior parts, at base very slightly narrower, but at

the apex of the fourth segment somewhat wider, than the elytra; first four

segments feebly impressed at base; fifth much shorter than the fourth; sixth

large and distinct. Length (abdomen strongly extended) 1.1 mm.; width

less than 0.2 mm.

Rhode Island.

The coarse punctures of the large, posteriorly enlarged head,

minute size and linear form, will render the identification of this

species quite certain.

T. Capito n. sp.—Piceous to blackish, the legs pale flavate; antenne

dusky, paler toward base; integuments feebly shining, the head somewhat

strongly reticulate, very minutely, somewhat closely punctate; pronotum

and elytra minutely and more densely punctate; abdomen more asperately ;

pubescence rather dense, sparse and longer on the abdomen. Head fully

Coleopterological Notices, V. 359

as wide as the prothorax, nearly as in the preceding species but rather less

dilated behind and with somewhat larger eyes; upper surface broadly im-

pressed in the middle anteriorly, and with a small deep impression near the

centre, also with a deep transverse sulcus at the extreme base of the occiput ;

antenne nearly as in tenuissima, but with the fourth joint less transverse,

tenth more than twice as wide as long. /Prothorax one-third wider than long ;

sides feebly convergent from apex to base and broadly, feebly arcuate; basal

angles very obtuse; disk broadly, feebly impressed along the median line.

Elytra quadrate, distinctly wider and two-fifths longer than the prothorax ;

humeri obliquely rounded to the prothorax and slightly visible. Abdomen

scarcely as long as the anterior parts, very little narrower than the elytra ;

sides subparallel, the tip of the fourth segment scarcely visibly wider; fifth

slightly longer than the fourth; border moderate. Length 1.1 mm.; width

0.2 mm.

Texas (Galveston).

This infinitesimal animal seems to be widely diffused, for I have

taken specimens, either of it or of a species so similar as to be

almost undistinguishable with my present material, also at Austin

and Waco in Texas, and Tucson in Arizona. The transverse

suleus at the occipital base receives the anterior margin of the

pronotum when the head is thrown back.

T. demissa n. sp.—Minute, slender, rather convex, strongly shining

throughout, the abdomen still more polished, black, the pronotum feebly

picescent, the elytra still paler, rufescent; antenne black, piceous toward

base; legs pale flavate; anterior parts finely but not strongly reticulate,

minutely, subobsoletely punctate, the elytra scarcely more distinctly so, the

abdomen very minutely, sparsely and subgranularly ; pubescence short, rather

sparse, not conspicuous, very sparse on the abdomen. Head large, rather

longer than wide, fully as wide as the prothorax, the sides parallel; eyes at a

little more than their own length from the base; surface deeply concave along

the middle anteriorly, and with a deep conspicuous fovea at the centre;

antenne short, feebly incrassate, scarcely visibly longer than the head and

prothorax, the basal joint thicker and nearly as long as the next two, second

longer than wide and nearly as long as the third and fourth, constricted at

base, outer joints distinctly transverse. Prothorax not more than one-fourth

wider than long; sides broadly arcuate, becoming gradually almost straight

and slightly convergent in about basal half; apical angles deflexed and

broadly rounded; basal obtuse and more narrowly rounded ; base broadly

arcuate, scarcely as wide as the apex; disk convex, narrowly and rather

strongly impressed along the median line throughout. Hlytra much shorter

than wide, toward apex distinctly wider than the prothorax, not longer, the

sides feebly divergent from the slightly exposed humeri. Abdomen, contracted,

subequal to the anterior parts, at base distinctly narrower than the elytra ;

sides straight and just perceptibly divergent from the base, the apex of the

360 Coleopterological Notices, V.

fifth appreciably wider than the base; fourth and fifth segments equal in

length and each distinctly longer than one to three. Legs very short, stout.

Length 1.0 mm.; width scarcely 0.2 mm.

New York (Catskill Mts.). Mr. H. H. Smith.

The more polished, more sparsely pubescent integuments, less

transverse prothorax and shorter elytra, will readily distinguish

this species from capito.

T. exigua n. sp.—Extremely slender, parallel and linear, moderately

convex, shining, minutely, rather closely but not conspicuously punctate, the

pubescence rather long, close and distinct, streaming obliquely on the elytra

and transversely on the pronotum ; color rather pale brown, the head piceous,

the abdomen black toward apex; legs and antenne toward base pale, flaves-

cent. Head large, rather convex, deeply impressed just before its centre;

sides parallel; eyes at fully one-half more than their own length from the

base; antenne nearly as in demissa. Prothorax one-third wider than long;

sides feebly convergent and straight from apex to base; base and apex broadly,

strongly arcuate, the former slightly the narrower; disk strongly, rather

widely impressed along the median line. lytra quadrate, barely wider than

long, one-third longer but scarcely perceptibly wider than the prothorax ;

sides parallel, straight; humeri very slightly exposed. Abdomen, extended,

a little longer than the anterior parts, at base perceptibly narrower than the

elytra; sides straight; apex of the fifth segment distinctly wider than the

first and fully as wide as the elytra; first four tergites impressed at base,

the impressions successively and uniformly decreasing in depth and width.

Legs very short, stout. Length 1.3 mm.; width 0.2 mm.

Iowa (Cedar Rapids). Dr. H. Brendel.

Almost as extremely slender as tenuissima, but with a minutely

punctate and parallel head. I can find only a single specimen

amongst my material, and the sex of the type is undetermined.

THECTURA Thoms.

The anterior and middle tarsi in this genus are distinctly four-

jointed, the posterior five-jointed, the basal joints very short and

equal and the last joint iong; its position among the allies of

Colpodota is therefore erroneous, and it should be transferred to

the neighborhood of Homalota Mann, with which however it can-

not be united because of its three-jointed labial palpi. The follow-

ing species is closely related to cuspidata Hr. :—

T. americana n. sp.—Sslender, parallel, linear, very strongly depressed,

piceous-black ; antenne toward base and legs pale; anterior parts dull and

alutaceous, the head strongly, sparsely punctured, the pronotum and elytra

Coleopterological Notices, V. 361

excessively finely and indistinctly so, the abdomen with a few scattered aspe-

rate punctures ; pubescence fine, rather dense but not conspicuous, longer and

sparse on the abdomen. Head very nearly as wide as the prothorax, wider

than long, the sides parallel; eyes well developed, convex and prominent ;

antenne distinctly incrassate, short, barely as long as the head and prothorax,

the last joint as long as the two preceding. Prothorax one-third wider than

long, the sides just visibly convergent and almost straight from near the apex

to the rounded basal angles; base arcuate; disk broadly, feebly impressed

along the middle. lytra fully as long as wide, not wider than the protho-

rax and one-half longer, parallel and straight at the sides ; humeri exposed.

Abdomen as long as the anterior parts, slightly narrower than the elytra,

parallel and straight at the sides, the border strong. Length 1.6 mm.;

width 0.3 mm.

New York.

The middle spine of the sixth dorsal plate is as well developed as.

in cuspidata, but is more inclined backward; its apex is notched

anteriorly, the posterior spur more abruptly bent forward over the

tip than in cuspidata; lateral spines small and distinct. The male.

has, at the middle of the second tergite, two small tubercles distant

by one-half the width, on the third two rather stronger tubercles

distant by two-thirds the width, on the fourth two much feebler

tubercles distant by barely one-third the width, the fifth broadly

impressed in the middle. A single male.

This species differs from cuspidata in its slightly more incrassate-

antenne with longer terninal joint, in its wider and distinctly more-

transverse prothorax, and in the position of the tubercles of the-

fourth dorsal, which are distant by one-half the discal width in the-

European species; also by the more posteriorly inclined terminal.

Spine, somewhat differently modified at apex, and in the entire:

absence of the discal impression of the sixth segment at the base-

of the spine.

OLIGUROTA n. gen.

_ Body minute, parallel, subdepressed. Head large, quadrate, the-

eyes moderate, convex and prominent, before the middle; infra-

lateral carina completely obsolete. Antenne short, incrassate, the

basal joint large, thick; second shorter; second and third strongly

constricted at base, the former much the larger; outer joints trans-

verse. Mentum very small, transversely trapezoidal. Ligula

with a minute, apparently simple terminal process and two stiff

bristles, the palpi well developed, three-jointed, the first thick, elon--

Annas N. Y. Acap. Sc1., VII, Oct. 1893.—24

362 Coleopterological Notices, V.

gate, cylindrical, the second narrower and much shorter ;- third

slender, as long as the first. Maxillary lobes small, short, thick,

ciliate within; the palpi small, with the third joint longer than the

second; fourth minute. Gular sutures perfectly straight and par-

‘allel throughout. Prothorax quadrate, the hypomera narrow but

entire, feebly inflexed and distinct from the side. Elytra mode-

‘vate. Abdomen normal, parallel, not at all spinose at apex, the

‘four basal segments feebly, narrowly impressed at base; fourth

and fifth equal and longer than the others. Prosternum rather

well. developed before the coxe. Intermediate coxe small, approxi-

mate, the mesosternal process short, angulate. Metasternal side-

pieces wide, parallel, the epimera well developed, disappearing under

the.elytra at basal third. Legs and tarsi very short, the tarsi 4-4-5-

jointed, the basal joint of the middle and posterior slightly longer

than the second; last longer; claws small, slender.

This genus is allied to Thectura, but differs in the absence of

caudal spines, in its shorter elytra and metasternum, and especially

in the conformation of the metaparapleure, which in Thectura are

quite remarkable, being narrow and parallel anteriorly, but with

the inner margin oblique toward the elytra behind, so that they

‘become exceedingly narrow at the elytral apex, the epimera invis-

ible. In both of these genera the coxe are unusually small for the

\present tribe.

O. pusio nu. sp.—Parallel, pale piceous-brown, the head and abdomen

.darker, blackish, the tip of the latter, legs and antenne paler; integuments

rather shining, coarsely and feebly reticulate, not densely and almost imper-

ceptibly punctate throughout ; pubescence rather long and sparse but distinct.

Head just perceptibly wider and distinctly longer than the prothorax, as long

as wide, the neck two-thirds as wide; sides parallel; surface with a small

impression in the middle between the eyes; antenne one-half longer than the

head. Jrothorax nearly one-third wider than long; sides parallel, nearly

straight, the apical and basal angles rounded; base and apex about equal,

arcuate; disk narrowly and feebly impressed along the median line. Elytra

much wider than long, very slightly wider and longer than the prothorax ;

sides nearly parallel and straight. Abdomen shorter than the anterior parts,

slightly narrower than the elytra, parallel and straight at the sides; border

rather fine. Legs rather stout. Length 1.2mm.; width 0.2 mm.

Indiana. |

One of the most minute of the Bolitocharides, and probably

occurring under bark.; the unique type is apparently a female.

Coleopterological Notices, V. 363

LEPTUSA Kraatz.

The first species here described seems to be truly congeneric

with the European analis, but has the prothorax much smaller and

narrower, the elytral humeri being exposed at base.

LL. brevicollis n. sp.—Slender, subparallel, rather convex, shining,

the abdomen still more polished, dark red-brown; legs paler, more flavate ;

antenne concolorous ; head piceous; abdomen brighter rufous, with a black

subapical cloud ; head and pronotum very feebly punctulate; elytra coarsely,

somewhat rugosely but not at all asperately so; abdomen finely and sparsely ;

pubescence sparse but rather long, subrecumbent and distinct. Head orbicu-

lar, convex, much wider than long, distinctly narrower than the prothorax,

the eyes rather large and prominent, at less than their own length from the

base; labrum truncate; antenne as long as the pronotum and elytra, moder-

ately inerassate, second and third joints elongate, subequal, fourth obconical,

as long as wide, four to ten gradually wider, the latter nearly twice as wide

as long, eleventh rather small, not longer than the two preceding. Prothorax

transverse, fully three-fourths wider than long, widest at two-fifths from the

apex where the sides are narrowly rounded, thence convergent and feebly

arcuate to the apex, equally convergent and broadly sinuate to the basal

angles, which are obtuse but sharp, the apical deflexed but also not at all

rounded; hypomera extending to the apex; base transverse, equal to the

apex; disk strongly convex, extremely obsoletely impressed along the middle

and transversely before the scutellum. lytra large, parallel, slightly wider

than long, one-fourth wider and one-half longer than the prothorax; sides

nearly straight; humeri exposed at base; suture finely beaded. Abdomen

parallel and straight at the sides, much narrower than the elytra, as wide as

the prothorax ; only the first three segments strongly impressed at base; fifth

distinctly longer than the fourth. JZegs rather long, slender; posterior tarsi

short, with the first joint distinctly longer than the second. Length 2.1 mm.;

width 0.55 mm.

Pennsylvania.

The type is a male, the fifth dorsal plate having a small feeble

longitudinal carina in the middle. The labial palpi are apparently

three-jointed, but the first is small and anchylosed to the second,

which is subequal to the more slender third; the process of the

ligula is slender, parallel and simple at apex. The metasternum is

large and long, with the side-pieces very narrow and parallel—

quite different from the form occurring in Sipalia. The middle

acetabula are deep and sharply limited by an acute beaded edge,

except for the extremely short distance between the apices of the

sternal processes, of which the mesosternal is acutely produced to

the middle with its apex slightly blunted, the coxe quite appre-

364 Coleopterological Notices, V.

ciably separated. This species seems to be somewhat intermediate

between Leptusa and Silusa.

The two following species are similar in structure throughout

and possibly belong to Leptusa, but differ considerably in facies

from brevicollis, because of the much longer prothorax and the

densely opaque and lustreless anterior parts of the body; they

may be defined as follows :—

Stouter, the anterior parts of the body velvety blue-black and perfectly

opaque; fourth and fifth ventral segments exactly equal in length.

opaca

Much more slender, the head and pronotum opaque, brown, the elytra rather

more shining; fifth ventral a little longer than the fourth...semimitems

In opaca the conformation of the parts about the middle coxe is

exactly as in brevicollis, but the mesosternal process extends as

far behind as the apex of the metasternal; it is however free and

not continuous on the same level.

L. opaca nb. sp.—Stout, blackish, opaque, the abdomen shining, rufo-

testaceous, the last two segments black; legs pale, the posterior femora clouded

with piceous toward apex; antennez blackish, pale toward base and with the

eleventh joint abruptly pale flavate; head and pronotum completely lustreless,

not punctate, minutely and extremely densely grannlato-reticulate through-

out; elytra sericeous, indistinctly punctate; abdomen rather strongly, not

very densely punctate, sparsely so toward apex; anterior parts finely, very

indistinctly pubescent, the abdomen more sparsely but distinctly so. Head

more than three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, the eyes rather prominent,

at less than their length from the base; antennez about as long as the pro-

thorax. and elytra, strongly, gradually increasing in width, the outer joints

strongly transverse, eleventh longer than the two preceding. Prothorax two-

fifths wider than long, widest at anterior third where the sides are strongly

rounded and prominent, thence strongly convergent and distinctly sinuate to

the base, which is transversely arcuate and equal in width to the apex; basal

angles obtuse but scarcely at all blunt; disk convex, even, not impressed.

Elytra slightly wider than the prothorax and about one-third longer, parallel,

the sides nearly straight; humeri slightly exposed at base. Abdomen a little

longer than the anterior parts, about as wide as the prothorax ; sides parallel,

scarcely visibly arcuate; border thick. Length 2.0 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Pennsylvania. ‘

The four specimens in my cabinet do not indicate any variation.

L. semimitems n. sp.—Slender, parallel, dark red-brown, the abdomen

bright rufo-testaceous, with a subapical black cloud; legs pale; antenne

blackish, paler toward base, the eleventh joint abruptly pale; head and pro-

notum opaque, feebly pubescent, impunctate and minutely, very densely gran-

Coleopterological Nofices, V. 365

ulato-reticulate ; elytra feebly shining, indistinctly punctate, feebly pubes-

‘cent; abdomen polished, strongly, closely punctate toward base, very minutely

and remotely so toward tip, the pubescence longer, sparse but distinct. Head

transverse, very nearly as wide as the prothorax, the eyes small, at more

than their length from the base; antenne feebly incrassate, rather longer

than the prothorax and elytra, the outer joints but slightly wider than long.

Prothorax large, one-fourth wider than long, widest and rather strongly rounded

at apical third, the sides strongly and distinctly sinuate in more than basal

half; base broadly arcuate, rather narrower than the apex; basal angles

obtuse, scarcely at all blunt; disk broadly convex, even, with a very feebly

impressed line along the middle. iytra slightly wider than long, equal in

width to the prothorax and but very slightly longer; sides parallel; humeri

slightly exposed at base. Abdomen fully two-thirds longer than the anterior

parts, perfectly parallel, about as wide as the elytra. Posterior tarsi about

two-thirds as long as the tibie. Length 2.4 mm.; width 0.5 mm. :

New York.

Hvidently allied to the preceding, but distinguishable very readily

by the slender and more parallel form, longer abdomen, more shining

elytra, longer and more slender antenne, smaller eyes and several

other structural features.

ASTHENESITA un. gen.

Body minute, parallel, not very narrow, somewhat convex. Head

long, ovo-conoidal, convex, the eyes very small, at some distance

from the mandibles and antenne, and at fully twice their own

length from the base; labrum rather elongate, rounded; infra-

lateral carina very feeble, subobsolete. Antenne long, evenly and

gradually incrassate, the second joint nearly as long as the next

two; third strongly obconical; four to ten equal in length, trans-

verse, gradually wider, the tenth more than twice as wide as long;

eleventh ovoidal, as long as the preceding two. Mentum trape-

zoidal, truncate. Ligula with a slender terminal process which is

distinctly bifid at apex; labial palpi three-jointed. Maxillary palpi

normal, the third joint much longer than the second, the fourth very

minute, oblique. Prothorax narrowed and sinuate toward base,

nearly as in Leptusa. Hlytra well developed, broadly emarginate

at apex, the suture not distinctly beaded. Abdomen very feebly

narrowed toward base, the first three segments deeply impressed

at base; fifth very much shorter than the fourth, the latter not at

all impressed. Middle coxz and sterna as in Leptusa. Metasternal

side-pieces narrow, parallel. Legs short; tarsi stout, 4-4-5-jointed,

366 Coleopterological Notices, V.

the posterior but little more than one-half as long as the tibiee, with

the first joint just visibly longer than the second or third, the latter

scarcely longer than wide.

This genus is closely allied to Leptusa, but differs in the longer

antenne with much shorter third joint, in the longer head and

labrum, in the bifid ligula and very short fifth segment of the

abdomen, which is not perceptibly more than one-half as long as

the fourth; also in the more robust tarsi and minute size.

A. pallens n. sp.—Pale rufo-testaceous throughout, the fourth dorsal

segment piceous-black; integuments slightly reticulate, feebly shining, the

abdomen polished; head, pronotum and elytra very minutely and scarcely

visibly punctulate ; abdomen more sparsely but not distinctly so; pubescence

, Sparse but long, coarse and distinct. Mead rather longer than wide, a little

narrower but longer than the prothorax, convex, even; sides parallel and

evenly arcuate; antenne as long as the head, prothorax and elytra, pale

throughout. Prothorax one-third wider than long, the sides broadly, feebly

arcuate, more convergent and nearly straight in basal half, the basal angles

very obtuse but not rounded; apical deflexed, right—viewed laterally—not

rounded ; base very feebly arcuate, slightly narrower than the apex; disk

convex and declivous at the sides, more flattened above, with a broad region

along the middle which is very feebly impressed, more distinctly so toward

base and densely granulato-reticulate and opaque throughout. lytra dis-

tinctly wider than long, parallel and straight at the sides, just visibly longer

and fully one-fourth wider than the prothorax, the humeri distinctly exposed

and transverse at base. Abdomen as long as the anterior parts, behind the

middle as wide as the elytra, but at base distinctly narrower ; sides scarcely

perceptibly arcuate; border moderate, not thick; surface transversely convex

behind. Jegs short.. Length 1.25 mm.; width 0.3 mm.

Florida.

In the male the fifth ventral plate is transverse at apex, with a

short acute spicule projecting horizontally from the middle of the

edge, the sixth lobed in the middle.

SIPALIA Rey.

This genus seems to be distinct from Leptusa although closely

allied.

S. frontalis n. sp.—Parallel, thick, rather convex, shining, the abdomen

polished, rufo-testaceous, the antenne dusky except at base; abdomen pice-

ous, the fifth segment and apices of the first three, pale; pubescence coarse,

sparse but rather long and distinct; head and pronotum extremely finely,

feebly but rather closely punctulate; elytra coarsely, more sparsely and

asperately punctate; abdomen sparsely so. Head orbicular, convex, slightly

Coleopterological Notices, V. 367

narrower than the prothorax, fully as long as wide; eyes at fully one-half

more than their own length from the base; clypeus rather prolonged in front

of the antenne, truncate ; antenne nearly one-half as long as the body, dis-

tinctly inecrassate, second and third joints elongate, subequal, fourth to tenth

very evenly, gradually increasing in width, the latter fully twice as wide as

long, eleventh conoidal, longer than the preceding two. Prothorax rather

large, strongly and evenly convex, but slightly wider than long, widest at

apical third, the sides thence distinctly convergent and feebly sinuate to the

base, the latter transverse and slightly narrower than the apex; basal angles

obtuse but not at all blunt; apical deflexed but not at all rounded ; hypomera

continuous to the apex. lytra at apex as wide as the prothorax, gradually,

feebly narrowed toward base, the two bases equal; suture just perceptibly

shorter than the pronotum ; sides feebly arcuate; apex transverse and slightly

trisinuate; disk rather convex, not impressed on the suture, the latter finely

beaded. Abdomen as wide as the elytra, as long as the anterior parts, parallel,

the sides nearly straight; border moderate ; first three segments strongly im-

pressed and more coarsely punctate at base; fourth scarcely at all impressed ;

fifth distinctly shorter than the fourth. Legs moderate; posterior tarsi slender,

nearly two-thirds as long as the tibie, the first joint slightly but distinctly

longer than the second. Length 2.0 mm.; width 0.5 mm.

California.

This species is allied closely to rezttert Epp., but the latter has

the first four segments equally impressed at base and the fifth fully

as long as the fourth. In frontalis the labial palpi have the first,

joint shorter than the second, the third nearly as long as the first

two, the metaparapleure very wide, with the inner margin rapidly

divergent from the elytra, the epimera large, occupying nearly the

entire width behind and disappearing under the elytra near basal

third. The mesosternal process is long, acute, extending two-thirds

the length of the very narrowly separated coxe, the apex free, the

metasternal process short, subangulate, not attaining the meso-

sternal, the acetabula rather shallow behind but limited every-

where by a fine beaded edge, except along the very short inter-

sternal isthmus.

BRYOBIOTA 1. gen.

Body parallel and linear, somewhat thick and convex. Head

fully as wide as the prothorax and as long as wide, with the sides

parallel; basal angles right but rounded; base transverse; neck

scarcely one-half as wide as the head; labrum twice as wide as

long, truncate; eyes small, anterior; infralateral carina completely

obsolete. Antenne long, the second joint longer than the third.

368 Coleopterological Notices, V.

Mentum transverse, trapezoidal, the apex feebly sinuato-truncate.

Ligula with a simple slender process; labial palpi three-jointed,

the first more robust than the second and twice as long, third thin,

not quite as long as the first. Maxillary palpi nearly normal, the

second joint slightly arcuate and much shorter than the third ;

fourth very small. Prothorax narrowed toward base, the apical

angles deflexed and very broadly rounded; hypomera distinct lat-

erally, not attaining the apex; base of the pronotum superposed

on the base of the elytra and transversely arched in the middle.

Elytra very short. Abdomen long, parallel, as wide as the elytra,

the first four segments impressed at base; fourth and fifth equal.

Middle coxe not distinctly separated, the acetabula being simply

very feeble impressions posteriorly and not at all limited, the meso-

sternal process short but acutely triangular. Legs moderate; tibie

rather slender, clothed with rather coarse pubescence, without trace

of spinules; tarsi 4-4-5-jointed, the posterior rather slender, with

the basal joint as long as the next two; ungues small, slender,

arcuate.

Bryobiota is allied to Sipalia, but differs in the feebly impressed

and undefined middle coxal cavities. From Arena Fvl. it may be

known at once by the distinct but rather wide neck and longer

antenne. It is represented as far as known to me by a single spe-

cies from the southern salt beaches of California : —

B. bicolor Csy.—Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 1885, p. 311 (Phytosus).

This species is not at all allied to Phytosus, the tibiz being com-

pletely devoid of spinules.

BOLITOCHARA Mann.

A widely diffused genus, decidedly isolated in general habitus and

coloration from all those which are structurally most closely allied

to it. It can always be recognized, among the Bolitocharides, by

the coarse subasperate sculpture and variegated elytra. Our spe-

cies as far as known may be separated as follows :—

Elytra very much longer than the prothorax.

Prothorax distinctly narrower than the elytra. Pacific coast.

Elytra coarsely and less densely sculptured, usually dark only ee

toward apex and sometimes near the scutellum.

Abdomen sparseliy puUumMetured) i sinemexcides ceviyss sepeos .. motata Makl.

Abdomen densely punctured, eevee font ine.

californica Csy.

Coleopterological Notices, V. 369

Elytra more finely and densely punctate, black, each elytron pale at base

except near the scutellum, also narrowly along the suture in apical

two-thirds and along the apical margin; abdomen finely, sparsely

RUPP eerenaleselda. oneous oncuse os oescastaevacasecescnsann ens migrima Csy.

Prothorax on the Gist as ide as ‘ie ee of the cee «taste coast.

Abdomen coarsely, densely punctate; carina of the fifth male tergite long

ERPS EMULI War teleiisiwienlsidcitvo'es used oir ase ase + seumce.cn one . Dlanchardi n. sp.

Adomen finely, densely punctate; carina of ihe fifth tergite extremely

small, reduced to a small point near apical fourth.

margimelia n. sp.

Elytra shorter; ‘‘ Fliigeldecken wenig langer als das Halsschild.”’

altermams Sachse.

Silusa allernans, from its indicated size and coloration, seems to

be more appropriately placed in the present genus, but I have not

been able to identify it; Sclusa gracilis is however a true Silusa,

and it may be possible therefore that Dr. Sachse was not mistaken

as to the genus of allernans, but the coloration is certainly not at

all distinctive of Silusa, viz., ‘‘rufo-picea, elytrorum angulo exte-

riore abdomineque ante apicem nigricantibus.”?’ Of notata Makl. I

have several specimens, taken by Mr. Wickham at Fort Wrangel

and in Vancouver; on the whole, it is a larger, stouter form than

californica, and differs specifically in abdominal sculpture.

Homalota trimaculata Er. is possibly a Bolitochara allied to

blanchardi, but joints five to ten of the antennz are said to be

transverse in that species.

B. blanmchardi.—Pale flavo-testaceous, the head, pronotum except

feebly along the sides and base, elytra toward the external apical angles and

feebly near the scutellum, abdomen feebly at the middle near the bases of the

first three segments, throughout the fourth and in basal two-thirds of the fifth,

blackish ; antenne fuscous, the last joint somewhat less dark, the first four

pale flavate; head feebly but distinctly, rather sparsely punctate, the pro-

notum and elytra strongly asperately and densely so, the latter slightly the

more coarsely; abdomen strongly and closely but not so densely punctate ;

pubescence fine, very short, not conspicuous. Head orbicular, convex, about -

as long as wide, nearly three-fourths as wide as the prothorax; eyes very

large, separated from the base by about one-half of their own length ; antennex

distinctly longer than the head and prothorax, incrassate, first three joints

elongate, third a little shorter than the second, tenth scarcely wider than long,

a little longer and less transverse than the ninth. Prothorax transverse, four-

fifths wider than long, widest and broadly subangulate at basal third ; sides

convergent and feebly arcuate thence to the apex; base broadly arcuate, much

wider than the apex ; basal angles distinct but blunt; disk convex, strongly

biimpressed in the middle near the base. Llytra slightly transverse, a little

370 Coleopterological Notices, V.

wider and much longer than the prothorax; humeri obliquely rounded to the

prothorax. Abdomen long, at base distinctly narrower than the elytra; sides

straight, feebly convergent throughout; first three segments strongly im-

pressed at base; fourth and fifth equal in length. JZegs moderate. Length

2.4-3.5 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

New York; Iowa.

The male has the fifth tergite strongly carinate almost through-

out its length, the sixth dorsal feebly emarginate, the emargination

coarsely and obtusely crenulate. The species is dedicated with

pleasure to Mr. Frederick Blanchard of Lowell, Mass.

B. margimella.—Pale flavate, the head blackish; elytra clouded with

piceous toward each external apical angle, the dark area always separated

from the apex by a distinct pale margin; abdomen with a large subapical

blackish cloud; antenne slightly infuscate toward apex; integuments feebly

shining, the abdomen more polished; head extremely minutely, sparsely

punctate, the prothorax finely, densely, subasperately so, the elytra more

strongly but still not very coarsely, densely punctate, the abdomen finely,

evenly and densely so; pubescence fine, very short, not conspicuous. Head

orbicular, much wider than long; eyes rather large, at one-half their length

from the base; antenne rather short, about as long as the head and protho-

rax, third joint but little shorter than the second, outer joints strongly trans-

verse, closely perfoliate, tenth a little longer than the ninth, almost twice as

wide as long, eleventh conoidal, pointed rather longer than the two preceding.

Prothorax four-fifths wider than long, the sides parallel and feebly arcuate in

basal two-thirds, then gradually rounded and convergent to the apex; base

slightly wider than the truncate apex, broadly arcuate, becoming straight

toward the angles which are obtuse and distinctly rounded; disk feebly im-

pressed in the middle before the base, the impression not geminate. Elytra

distinctly transverse, slightly wider and much longer than the prothorax,

the humeri obliquely, strongly rounded to the base of the latter; sides just

visibly divergent, very feebly arcuate; disk-slightly impressed behind the

scutellum. Abdomen long, at base distinctly narrower than the elytra; sides

straight and feebly convergent throughout; fifth segment much longer than

the fourth. Length 2.0-2.6 mm.; width 0.7 mm.

New York (Catskill Mts.).

The male has a very small raised point on the fifth tergite near

apical fourth; the sixth also has a very small dorsal elevation and

has the apex broadly emarginate and obtusely crenulate. This spe-

cies is much smaller than blanchardi, and may be distinguished at

once by its finer sculpture.

Coleopterological Notices, V. 371

THINUSA 2. gen.

Body very narrow, parallel and linear, thick, opaque. Head

wider than long, slightly narrower than the prothorax; sides par-

allel toward base, the latter very broad and inserted within the

prothorax; eyes moderate; labrum truncate. Antenne short,

moderately incrassate, the second joint as long as the next two.

Mentum transverse, trapezoidal, truncate. Maxillary palpi normal,

the second joint shorter than the third; labial three-jointed, the first

joint apparently longer than the second. Infralateral ridge obso-

lete. Prothorax strongly narrowed from near the apex to the base;

hypomera feebly inflexed, rather narrow but extending almost to

the apex; base of the pronotum superposed over the base of the

elytra and broadly, feebly arched throughout the width. Elytra

very short. Abdomen long, linear, as wide as the elytra, the first

four segments impressed at base; fifth much longer than the fourth;

sixth visible. Coxe very large, the anterior extremely so; middle

cavities deep, distinctly limited, approaching extremely close to the

posterior margin. Metasternum very short, the side-pieces narrow,

parallel to the oblique edge of the elytra. Legs stout; tibiz very

short, the anterior and middle spinulose externally ; tarsi short,

stout, the first four joints of the posterior subequal.

This genus is allied to Phytosus but distinguished at once by its

very short elytra and extremely abbreviated metasternum. From

Actosus it may be known by the much narrower and more lineate

body, the narrower met-episterna, which are perfectly parallel to

the edge of the elytra, and by the much less developed met-epimera.

The single species is common about San Francisco.

T. maritima Csy.—Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 1885, p. 312 (Phytosus).

The European Actosus balticus must form part of the genus

Phytosus, or else be regarded as the type of a new genus allied

to Thinusa; it is altogether generically distinct from Ac. nigriven-

tris—the type of Actosus—in its narrow parallel metasternal side-

pieces, these being very strongly triangular in nigriveniris. All

of these genera differ, in addition, from Thinusa, in having the

infralateral carina of the head distinct toward base and the hypo-

mera much more dilated behind.

372 Coleopterological Notices, V.

HYGRONOMIDES.

Antenne ]1]-jointed ; tarsi 4-4-4-jointed.

GYRONYCHA 0». gen.

Body elongate, linear and depressed. Head moderate in size,

constricted at base, the neck usually about one-half as wide; eyes

large, distant from the base, sparsely setose; labrum short, trun-

cate; infralateral carina obsolete, feebly traceable anteriorly. An-

tenne very long, slender, subfiliform or feebly and gradually ineras-

sate from near the base; basal joint elongate, longer than the second

or third, the latter elongate and subequal; outer joints seldom at

all transverse. Mentum moderate, transversely trapezoidal, trun-

cate, impressed on the disk at each side. Ligula with a stout par-

allel apical process, the labial palpi moderate, three-jointed, the basal

joint the longest and thickest, cylindrical. Maxillary palpi moder-

ate, the third joint but slightly longer than the second; fourth small.

Mandibles simple and acute at apex. Prothorax oblong, feebly nar-

rowed behind and broadly sinuate—viewed sublaterally—the apical

angles abruptly and feebly deflexed; hypomera feebly inflexed, very

distinct from the side, entire. Elytra large, long and well devel-

oped. Abdomen elongate and linear, the fifth segment usually

distinctly longer than the fourth; first four segments more or less

impressed at base. Middle coxe contiguous, the mesosternal pro-

cess very acute, prolonged to the middle, the metasternal process

extremely short, broadly angulate, scarcely at all entering between

the cox, the distance from its tip to a point beneath the free apex

of the mesosternal occupied by a fine linear compressed and carini-

form isthmus; acetabula tolerably well defined behind. Metaster-

num large, the side-pieces narrow, linear and parallel; epimera

rather small, disappearing under the elytra well behind the middle.

Legs rather short; anterior tibia normal; tarsi short, 4-4-4-jointed,

the first joint of the posterior more or less elongate, generally not

quite as long as the next two and subequal to the last, the latter

rather stout but scarcely at all incrassate; ungues well developed,

divergent, abruptly bent downward behind the middle and some-

what broadened at the point of flexure.

This very interesting genus is the American representative of

the European Hygronoma, and is probably rather extensive, ex-

tending from the Atlantic to the Pacific and occurring in the high-

Coleopterological Notices, V. 373

lands and lowlands. In outward appearance it bears a striking

resemblance to Calodera, but possesses none of the essential char-

acters of that genus. From Hygronoma it is at once distinguish-

able by the very long subfiliform antenne and abruptly bent tarsal

claws, resembling Diglossa in this latter peculiarity.

Gyronycha is allied also to the Central American Bamona of

Sharp, but differs in its much more slender linear and depressed

form, wider neck, longer, relatively narrower elytra and short

tarsi, with a distinctly shorter basal joint. It is probable that

some of the species assigned to Bamona by Dr. Sharp should be

referred rather to the present genus; in fact the sexual spine near

the base of the abdomen in Bam. robusta Shp., proves almost con-

clusively that this at any rate is a Gyronycha. The falagrioid

form of the body in Bamona is especially alluded to in the original

diagnosis, but in Gyronycha there is no vestige of such a facies.

The following species will serve as types of the genus :—

Head narrower than the prothorax ; antenne very long.

Third antennal joint obconical, elongate, fully as long as the second.

Dorsal plates two and three broadly impressed and subimpunctate at base

through about one-half of their length ; male with dorsal carine.

Prothorax wider than long, laterally rounded and narrowed in apical

CLLLINE. se oop co gos din abe cos one ob anbe cas osu Ses Jebus nso use eds crucebareeseaedoueces TEN Cer Le

Prothorax nearly as long as wide, rounded and narrowed only in apical

fourth ; body much narrower; antenne more slender.......texana

Dorsal plates throughout feebly impressed only very near the base, flat

and strongly, evenly punctate throughout; male apparently without

EAMONN Al: CANINA oiasciccrngn\ cp cree inaelosine sn\ven sas oasiacciseiians ae ojcesnesiceeqe QO USCUNA

Third antennal joint shorter than the second............s0+s00+++f USCICE PS

Head equal in width to the prothorax ; antenne more incrassate.

Antenne long, the outer joints barely perceptibly wider than long; third

elongate, slightly shorter than the second ................0.ee+ himeata

Antenne much shorter, more compact and strongly incrassate, not much

longer than the head and prothorax; second antennal joint subequal

in length to the next two together ; eyes much smaller.

Neck rather more than one-half as wide as the head.......... attenuata

Neck slightly more than one-third as wide as the head....... pertenuis

G. valems n. sp.—Parallel, depressed, somewhat wider than usual,

piceous-black, the elytra paler, clouded near the scutellum; abdomen dark

rufo-testaceous, clouded with blackish near the tip; legs very pale throughout ;

antenne black, paler toward base; head and pronotum extremely minutely,

closely punctate, feebly shining, the former more sparsely punctate toward

the front; elytra rather less finely, more strongly and much more excessively

densely punctate and alutaceous; abdomen with the first four segments closely,

374 Coleopterological Notices, V.

comparatively coarsely and conspicuously punctate in apical half, impunctate

in the polished basal impressions, fifth very remotely, subasperately punctate ;

pubescence very short, extremely dense on the elytra, transverse on the pro-

notum, longer but very sparse on the abdomen. Head slightly wider than

long, a little narrower than the prothorax; eyes large, rather prominent, at

their own length from the base; neck fully one-half as wide as the head ;

antenne two-fifths as long as the body, slender, all the joints longer than

wide, first three equal, very long, together constituting one-third of its length,

remainder obconical, except the eleventh which is pointed and not as long as

the two preceding. Prothorux slightly wider than long, the sides rounded

anteriorly almost continuously around the apex from apical third, feebly

convergent and straight thence to the basal angles which are obtuse and not

rounded ; base broadly arcuate; disk broadly, feebly flattened in the middle

toward base. lytra two-fifths wider and one-half longer than the prothorax,

subquadrate; sides parallel and straight; humeri exposed at base; surface

flat, strongly impressed on the suture toward base. Abdomen quite distinctly

narrower than the elytra, as long as the anterior parts; sides parallel and

straight, feebly convergent near the apex; border moderate; fifth segment

much longer than the fourth. Length 3.8 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

Texas (Austin).

The type is a male, having a strongly elevated carina in apical

half of the first visible dorsal plate, the carina projecting posteriorly

to a slight extent; the fifth segment also has a small feeble carina

in the middle near the base. One specimen.

G. texama n. sp.—Narrow, parallel, pale brown, the head blackish ;

_ abdomen more rufous, with a large feeble blackish cloud near the apex; legs

very pale; antenne blackish, paler toward base; head and pronotum very

minutely, densely punctate, strongly shining; elytra more coarsely and aspe-

rately but not quite so densely punctate, rather shining; abdomen polished,

finely, moderately closely punctate, very sparsely so on the fifth segment ;

anterior parts finely, very densely, the abdomen much more coarsely and

sparsely, pubescent. Head distinctly shorter and narrower than the protho-

rax, Slightly wider than long, the neck one-half as wide; eyes large, at fully

their own length from the base; antenne slender, a little longer than the

prothorax and elytra, the first joint much longer than the second or third, the

latter elongate, equal, fourth to tenth obconical, longer than wide, eleventh

slender, pointed, scarcely as long as the two preceding. Prothorax nearly as

long as wide, rounded near the apex, the latter feebly arcuate in the middle;

sides feebly convergent and straight from apical fourth to the basal angles,

the latter obtuse but not rounded; base very feebly arcuate, subtruncate; disk

almost imperceptibly impressed along the median line and feebly flattened in

the middle before the base. /ytra quadrate, one-third wider and longer than

the prothorax; sides parallel and nearly straight; humeri distinctly exposed

at base; disk narrowly, strongly impressed on the suture toward base. Abdo-

men scarcely wider than the prothorax, a little longer than the anterior parts,

Coleopterological Notices, V. 375

parallel and straight at the sides except near the apex; border rather thick ;

fifth segment longer. Legs short; posterior tibie swollen toward apex, slender

near the base, the tarsi scarcely three-fifths as long. Length 2.7-3.0 mm. ;

width 0.55-0.6 mm.

Texas (Austin).

The male has a strongly elevated carina at the middle of the first

dorsal, becoming gradually feebler and ending at the basal impres-

sion; at apex it projects slightly beyond the margin; there is also

a very small carina near the base of the fifth.

In both of these species the fourth antennal joint is distinctly

shorter than the fifth; in obscura, however, these two joints are

subequal. ‘The present species, although closely allied to valens,

differs greatly in the longer basal joint of the antenne, form of the

prothorax, sparser elytral and much finer and sparser abdominal

punctuation, and in its smaller size and more slender form. Three

males, exhibiting no variation.

G. obscura n. sp.—Depressed, rather wide, blackish, the pronotum

slightly, the elytra distinctly, pale; abdomen scarcely paler toward base but

with the tip flavescent ; legs pale; antenne not distinctly paler toward base ;

anterior parts extremely minutely, rather densely punctate, somewhat strongly

shining, finely, densely pubescent; abdomen more strongly, rather closely,

evenly punctate, with longer and somewhat sparse but distinct pubescence.

Head a little wider than long, distinctly shorter but only slightly narrower

than the prothorax, the neck one-half as wide as the width across the eyes,

the latter at fully their own length from the base ; antennez slender, fully as

long as the prothorax and elytra, equal in width from the fourth joint, the

first three greatly elongate, the first longer, second and third equal, fourth

scarcely visibly shorter than the fifth, fourth to tenth obconical, longer than

wide, the tenth fully as long as wide, eleventh slender, pointed, not quite as

long as the two preceding. Prothorax very slightly wider than long, the sides

rounded and convergent in apical third, the apex more feebly arcuate in the

middle; sides straight and just visibly convergent in basal two-thirds, the

base broadly, distinctly arcuate ; basal angles obtuse and distinct; disk even,

not perceptibly impressed. lytra quadrate, one-third longer and wider than

the prothorax, parallel and straight at the sides, with the humeri exposed at

base; disk impressed on the suture behind the scutellum. Abdomen distinctly

narrower than the elytra, as long as the anterior parts; sides parallel and

evenly, just visibly arcuate; border strong; first four segments equal and

nearly flat: fifth one-half longer. Length 2.9 mm.; width 0.65 mm.

California (Pomona). Mr. H. C. Fall.

The truncate sixth ventral plate would seem to indicate the male,

but there is no trace of the dorsal carinz so well developed in the

two preceding species, and the present differs also in its more

376 Coleopterological Notices, V.

pubescent abdomen, with the basal impressions much shorter or

finer, extending only very slightly upon the disk of the plates.

Two specimens.

G. fusciceps n. sp.—Slender, depressed, pale rufo-testaceous, the head

darker, piceous ; elytra more flavate; antenne dusky, pale toward base; legs

very pale; head shining, minutely, densely and distinctly punctate; pro-

notum feebly alutaceous, somewhat reticulate, very minutely and not dis-

tinctly punctate; elytra feebly alutaceous, minutely, very densely and rather

more distinctly, the abdomen minutely feebly and sparsely, punctate ; pubes-

cence fine, short, dense, especially on the elytra; abdomen very sparsely but

more coarsely pubescent. Head nearly as long as wide, distinctly shorter and

slightly narrower than the prothorax, the neck two-thirds of the width across

the eyes, the latter moderate, at one-half more than their length from the base;

vertex just visibly, longitudinally impressed in the middle; antenne long,

very feebly incrassate, fully as long as the prothorax and elytra, the basal

joint longer and slightly thicker than the second, the latter subcylindrical

and perceptibly longer than the third, which is obconical and elongate, four

to ten obconical, loosely connected, deeply concave at apex as usual, the fourth

as long as wide, shorter than the fifth, tenth very slightly wider than long,

eleventh rather large, fully as long as the two preceding. Prothorax nearly

quadrate, rounded at the sides and narrowed in apical third, the apex broadly,

feebly arcuate; sides feebly convergent and straight in basal two-thirds ; base

feebly arcuate, the angles nearly right and very pronounced; disk feebly,

transversely convex, scarcely at all impressed. Elytra quadrate, parallel and

straight at the sides, one-third wider and longer than the prothorax, the

humeri exposed at base; suture narrowly impressed behind the scutellum.

Abdomen as long as the anterior parts, distinctly narrower than the elytra, the

sides parallel and straight, the first three segments with large deep impres-

sions, the fourth scarcely impressed and much shorter than the fifth ; basal

segments with the raised basal part broadly emarginate posteriorly in nearly

circular arc. Length 2.7 mm.; width 0.55 mm.

New York (Catskills) ; North Carolina (Asheville).

Readily distinguishable from those which precede by the less

punctate abdomen, shorter third antennal joint and smaller eyes.

I can see no sexual marks of prominence in my three specimens.

G. limeata n. sp.—Narrow, linear and depressed, rufo-piceous, shining,

the abdominal apex, legs and basal parts of the antenne pale; head and

pronotum feebly reticulate, minutely, closely but not very distinctly punctate,

the elytra more asperately and distinctly but scarcely more densely so, the

abdomen sparsely, extremely minutely and feebly ; pubescence anteriorly

very short, dense, on the abdomen very sparse as usual, long and fimbriate at

the apices of the basal segments. Head large, fully as wide as the prothorax,

nearly as long as wide, the neck very broad, fully three-fourths as wide; eyes

Coleopterological Notices, V. 317

rather small, at fully three-fourths more than their length from the base ;

front with a feeble and posteriorly angulate flat depression, extending from

the middle to the apex ; antenne long, distinctly incrassate, two-fifths as long

as the body, the three basal joints gradually decreasing in length, four to ten

obconical, the latter nearly one-half wider than long, eleventh well developed.

Frothorux about as long as wide, the sides very feebly convergent and straight

in basal three-fourths; apex and base equally and distinctly arcuate, the

former slightly the narrower; basal angles obtuse but rather distinct; disk

just visibly impressed along the median line except near the base and apex.

Elytra quadrate, parallel and straight at the sides, one-fourth wider and

longer than the prothorax; humeri narrowly exposed; disk flat, rather

widely impressed on the suture near the scutellum. Abdomen linear, parallel

and straight at the sides, distinctly narrower than the elytra, the first two

segments strongly and widely, the third and fourth very feebly, transversely,

impressed at base, the raised basal part emarginate in circular arc; fifth

nearly one-half longer than the fourth. Length 2.4 mm.; width 0.45 mm.

Nevada (Reno).

The two specimens serving as types appear to be females. This

Species is quite distinct from any of those described above by the

larger head, smaller eyes, more incrassate—though not much

shorter—antenne, wider neck and relatively somewhat smaller

elytra.

G. attenuata Csy.—Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 1885, p. 306 (Calodera).

This species is nearly similar to lineata, but has the antenne

shorter and much stouter and the prothorax quite distinctly wider

than long. Length 2.0 mm.; width 0.45 mm.

G. pertenuis n. sp.—Narrow, linear, depressed, piceous-black, the pro-

notum and elytra slightly paler; legs and basal parts and tip of the abdo-

men pale flavate; integuments highly polished, the punctuation excessively

minute, sparse, the pubescence of the head and pronotum rather long, sparse,

of the elytra a little shorter and closer, of the abdomen very sparse, the erect

sete sparsely bristling along the sides. Head rather convex, unimpressed,

fully as wide as the prothorax, nearly as long as wide, the neck distinctly less

than one-half as wide as the width across the eyes, the latter small, at about

twice their length from the base, the basal angles broadly rounded ; antennze

short, scarcely longer than the head and prothorax, distinctly incrassate, the

first joint a little longer and much thicker than the second, the latter as long

as the next two, tenth nearly one-half wider than long, the eleventh large,

rather wider than the tenth, pointed near the apex and much longer than the

two preceding. Prothorax nearly as long as wide, broadly rounded and con-

vergent at the sides in apical third, the sides thence feebly convergent and

just visibly sinuate to the distinct basal angles; base broadly arcuate, fully

three-fourths wider than the apex ; disk broadly, feebly convex, even. L£lytra

Annats N, Y. Acap. Scr., VII, Oct. 1893.—25

378 Coleopterological Notices, V.

rather longer than wide, one-fourth wider and one-third longer than the

prothorax, parallel and straight at the sides, the humeri distinctly exposed ;

suture deeply, narrowly impressed just behind the scutellum. Abdomen

scarcely as long as the anterior parts, linear, distinctly narrower than the

elytra, the sides parallel and straight; first four segments narrowly deeply

and equally impressed at base, the impressions more coarsely punctate ; fifth

much longer than the fourth. Length 1.45 mm.; width 0.25 mm.

New Jersey.

The single specimen seems to be a female. This species is by far

the most minute of the genus, and is somewhat aberrant in its

sparser punctuation.

BAMONA Sharp.

A small Californian species is referred to this genus, but not

without some doubt. » It cannot be associated generically with

Gyronycha, although the tarsi are four-jointed throughout and the

tarsal claws similarly abruptly bent downward, for the reason that

it differs in having a distinctly falagrioid habitus and in its short

transverse abdominal segments; it also differs conspicuously in the

structure of the sterna between the middle coxe. The mesosternum

is only very slightly produced between the coxe and forms a very

short broad and gradually depressed cusp; behind this cusp the

narrow but perceptible space between the coxe is depressed, form-

ing a low rounded ridge, gradually regaining the level of the meta-

sternum behind but without trace of a metasternal process defined

by an acute line or bead; the coxal cavities are gradually less im-

pressed and not well defined behind. At a very short distance

behind the mesosternal cusp there appears, however, to be a fine

transverse suture in the depressed ridge, and this may constitute

the anterior limit of the metasternum proper. The posterior tarsi

are rather long and slender, but the neck seems to be much broader

and the antenne shorter than in the Central American forms.

- Although I am not sure, therefore, of the generic identity of the

present species, its discovery is interesting in proving that these

peculiar hygronomoid species form an important element in the

Aleocharini of America, and include at least several distinct genera.

B. falliana n. sp.—Narrow, slightly convex, polished throughout,

piceous-black, the antenne black, paler at base; legs pale, brownish-flavate

throughout; head finely, very sparsely punctulate; pronotum equally minutely

but much more closely, evenly punctulate, each puncture having a very minute

stout decumbent hair quite different from those of any other part of the body,

Coleopterological Notices, V. 379

the punctures and peculiar vestiture abruptly and completely disappearing

near all the edges; elytra and abdomen minutely sparsely and indistinctly

punctulate ; pubescence of the head and elytra stiff and rather long, distinct

although not very dense, of the abdomen longer, the pronotum with a series

of three or four long erect setze along the lateral edges. Head rather longer

than wide, at the eyes almost imperceptibly wider than the prothorax; sides

subparallel; base transverse; angles rounded ; neck two-fifths as wide as the

perocular width, the eyes large, at their own length from the base; antenne

short, scarcely longer than the head and prothorax, the two basa! joints equal

in length, the first slightly thicker, second elongate, as long as the next

two, third obconical, longer than wide, four to ten mutually almost perfectly

similar, scarcely at all increasing in width, distinctly obtrapezoidal, one-half

wider than long, eleventh conoidal, as long as the two preceding. Prothorax

as long as wide, widest at apical third, where the sides are strongly rounded

and somewhat prominent, thence rapidly oblique to the neck and distinctly

convergent, broadly, feebly sinuate to the base; apical angles strongly de-

flexed, rounded ; basal also deflexed, slightly obtuse but not at all rounded ;

base very feebly arcuate; disk perfectly even, without trace of impression.

Elyira quadrate, about as long as wide, not quite twice as wide as the protho-

rax and about two-fifths longer; sides subparallel and straight ; humeri very

broadly exposed and transverse at base; disk feebly convex. Abdomen short

and broad, scarcely as long as the anterior parts, narrower than the elytra

but much wider than the prothorax; sides parallel, slightly convergent at

the fifth segment, which is but slightly longer than the fourth; first three

impressed and polished at base. Legs slender, the posterior tarsi slender ;

fully three-fourths as long as the tibie, with the basal joint rather longer

than the next two. Length 1.75 mm.; width 0.4 mm.

California (Los Angeles Co.). Mr. H. C. Fall.

This is one of the most interesting aleocharinides which has

been discovered on the Pacific slope, although quite insignificant in

point of size.

OLIGOTIDES.

Antenne 10-jointed ; tarsi 4-4-4-jointed.

SOMATIUM Woll.

The following species differs from the European flavicorne in its

more convex surface, much sparser pubescence and coarser, more

uneven imbricate sculpture of the elytra.

S. nugator n. sp.—Oval, convex, polished, black, the legs dark brown-

ish-rufous ; antenne still paler throughout ; head almost impunctate, remain-

der of the upper surface very minutely, sparsely punctate, the elytra and

abdomen very coarsely imbricate, the latter becoming smooth toward tip;

380 Coleopterological Notices, V.

pubescence rather long, stiff and sparse, subrecumbent but longer erect and

bristling on the abdomen, especially beneath. Head small, evenly convex ;

eyes large, not prominent ; antennz about one-half longer than the head, the

second joint longer and narrower than the first and as long as the next two,

the latter not wider, five to seven gradually wider, eight and nine subequal,

abruptly strongly transverse, twice as wide as long; tenth short, bluntly

ogival. Prothorax twice as wide as long, the sides strongly divergent from

apex to base, evenly arcuate and continuous in curvature with the sides of the

elytra; base broadly evenly and strongly arcuate throughout; disk sparsely

feebly, subasperately punctate. lytra slightly wider than the base of the

prothorax, one-half longer than the latter, two-thirds: wider than long,

broadly, angularly emarginate at apex; disk evenly convex. Abdomen short,

as broad at base as the elytra; sides convergent and feebly arcuate; fifth

segment longer than the fourth. Legs short. Length 0.9 mm.; width 0.5 mm.

Pennsylvania.

The club of the antenne is stouter than in flavicorne, and the

eighth joint is much more transverse. The single type has the

abdomen contracted.

S. claviger n. sp.—Stout, suboval, convex, strongly shining, black

throughout, the legs piceous; antenne pale toward base, the large club

piceous-black ; head minutely, sparsely, the pronotum a little more strongly,

asperately and rather closely punctate; elytra strongly and closely imbricate ;

abdomen more coarsely imbricate, the lines finer, the sculpture of the fifth

tergite extending very nearly to the apex; pubescence rather coarse, moderate

in length and density. Head strongly deflexed, evenly convex, wider than

long and fully three-fifths as wide as the prothorax; eyes large, attaining the

prothorax ; antennz one-half longer than the head, the second joint as wide

as the first and a little longer, as long as the third and fourth, third slightly

elongate, fourth scarcely longer than wide, fifth but little thicker, quadrate,

sixth decidedly thicker, one-third wider than long, seventh still much wider,

transverse, sixth to ninth rapidly and evenly increasing in width, the latter

more than twice as wide as lung, tenth as wide as long, very obtuse, as long as

the two preceding, ninth joint more than twice as wide as the first. Prothorax

fully twice as wide as long, the sides arcuate and strongly convergent from

base to apex; base very strongly, broadly arcuate, fully three-fourths wider

than the apex; disk strongly, evenly convex, Elytra as wide as the base

of the prothorax, much longer than the latter; sides feebly convergent and

arcuate toward base; disk slightly longitudinally prominent along the sides

toward apex. Abdomen, when contracted, scarcely as long as wide, subquad-

rate, shorter than the anterior parts, slightly narrower than the elytra, the

sides feebly convergent toward apex; border moderate ; fifth segment longer

than the fourth. Tarsislender. Length 1.0 mm.; width 0.65 mm.

Iowa (Keokuk).

This species is larger and still broader than nugator, and differs

Coleopterological Notices, V. 381

in its more finely and closely imbricated elytra, and still larger and

longer but more gradually formed antennal club. Two specimens.

S. oviforme n. sp.—Broadly oval, convex, polished, black, the legs

piceo-testaceous ; antenne flavate ; punctures of the head and pronotum fine,

moderately close, even ; elytra and abdomen with imbricate sculpture ; pubes-

cence moderate in length, fuscous, rather conspicuous. Head vertical, not

visible from above, the eyes large, attaining the base; antenne short, one-

half longer than the head, the second joint longer than the first and longer

than the next two combined, third longer than the fourth and nearly twice

as long as wide, three to seven subequal in width, the latter somewhat trans-

verse, club abrupt, parallel, loose, the ninth joint one-half wider than long.

Prothorax small, about twice as wide as long; base strongly arcuate; apical

angles deflexed and right, narrowly rounded; basal almost obliterated ; disk

evenly convex. Jlytra together broadly emarginate at base and equally

broadly, triangularly emarginate at apex, at apical third much wider than the

prothorax, one-third longer; sides strongly arcuate toward base, continuous

in curvature with the prothorax. Abdomen, when contracted, a little wider

than long, about as long as the elytra, subcontinuous in outline with the

latter, conical, the sides nearly straight; fifth segment as long as the two

preceding together. Legs slender, the posterior tarsi much shorter than the

tibie. Length 0.75 mm.; width 0.5 mm.

California (Los Angeles Co.).

Ditfers from the preceding two species in its more evenly elliptical

outline, more abruptly formed antennal club and longer fifth ventral

segment.

Norte.

The species described by Say as Aleochara simplicicollis (Trans. Am. Phil.

Soc., VI, p. 155), is identical with Microglotta suturalis Sahlb.

OXYTELINI.

OXYTELUS Grav.

Considering the general homogeneity of facies in Oxytelus, there

is an unusual amount of variation in the structure of important

organs, such as the mentum, and especially a very great amount of

diversity in the male sexual modifications; these may manifest

themselves at either end of the body, sometimes virtually at the

head only, in other species at the abdominal apex, but occasionally

also quite noticeably at both extremities. The females are often

very similar among themselves, and it is frequently almost impos-

382 Coleopterological Notices, V.

sible to accurately identify an isolated example of that sex. I have

consequently drawn all the characters of the following table and

subsequent descriptions from the male alone, when that sex could

be examined.

In the Oxytelini true ocelli, such as characterize the Omalini, do

not exist, but in Oxytelus their place is taken by two strongly

setigerous punctures, occupying very nearly the same position at

the base of the vertex. I have not noticed these punctures in

Trogophlcus, nor in Aploderus, and they may possibly be pecu-

liar to Oxytelus.

Most.of the species are subarctic, but those in which the front is

Spinose or spiculate in the male appear to be more partial to tropical

couditions, and are abundant in Central America. Those known

to me at present may be distinguished by the following char-

acters :—

Eyes large in both sexes, the tempora subobsolete ; seventh ventral plate of

the male with two deep remote and parallel-sided fissures, the median

lobe truncate, not projecting beyond the lateral parts and with its edge

slightly thickened in the middle.. ban Res . SCulptus

Eyes moderate, the tempora always fires aa oon “developeats Seva sen eames

2—Frontal margin armed in the male with a short stout sauna or tri-

ANCULAT {OTOCESS o..ccines asssendeandenisied a\pineieiaityaineie adie edisisiie daleam'ssiemae echtee eee eee:

Frontal margin not ea in ae ie see basimcittes nab se ccidle eines

*—Frontal process simple and finely aeats at apex ; Wer ‘tanta! subquadrate ; :

elytra longer than the prothorax.

Eyes at their own length from the basal angles; elytra closely punctate ;

ManNdibles arcuate ....... 000 veeeee Seats ic ts .. msignitus

Eyes at much more nea see own ay Suet ee oe angles ; elytra

more cena: and ssc punctate; mandibles almost straight, arcuate

ALMAIOEIX Wen ecione/ene bea aetiees noes ne . Munitus

Frontal process eotcHeah ae apex ; hea celta: stron transverse.

Dreviceps

4—Male with the seventh ventral plate abruptly produced in the middle in

the form of a flattened ligula. which is generally subtruncate at tip...... 5

Male with the seventh ventral bisinuate or biemarginate at tip, the median

lobe rounded or broadly angular, sometimes obsolete. ......... 00. se0eee eee eee LO

2&—Pronotum with three longitudinal impressed grooves ..........60seeeescereee eee

Pronotum even, without longitudinal impressions. ..........6.seeeerseseseeee cee ceneeeD

G—Vertex with two grooves convergent from the base........... COMVErgeNns

Vertex with the grooves; parallel... sivas cascenees edn ounces vacine mien vuvaetcs cuegaecmee nem

Vertex without impressed grooves. eee ae see co cteatecnpanaesenieemtes

%—Sides of the prothorax siatate® near ine paced. aioe ite ‘iter more or

less prominent.

Coleopterological Notices, V. 383

Antenne moderately incrassate ; joints seven to ten equal, eleventh small,

not as long as the two preceding ; basal joint slender, strongly constricted

MRC AMMUINOGD OX 5 von vonene oan chs cor cucnve one ncceecareseeaecccciess cecsee se f USCIPDEMR WIS

Antenne more incrassate; joints seven to ten increasing in width, the

eleventh large, as long as the two preceding ; basal joint stouter, cylin-

CEI MECOMLGTIICLCH 06000 cceicen one cas vas coe oocicesices oes cas ceecsn .nimius

Sides of the prothorax Pow trace of sinuation Rone the el angles, the

latter obtuse but generally not rounded, not at all prominent.

Tempora more prominent than the eyes; posterior tarsi long, fully two-

thirds as long as the tibia......c...cec cee cen eee cee eee ceeeee cee eee ee IMOMGA NUS

Tempora not more prominent than the eyes; posterior tarsi scarcely more

than one-half as long as the tibi@...............00cee eee ceeeee se DI VOMUSTUS

S$—Pronotal sulci very feeble........... 00.00 cee eee eee eee eeees PCMMSYLVANICUS

9—Vertex not at all impressed ; upper surface smooth and even.

incolumis

10—Sides of the prothorax more or less distinctly crenulate ; antenne rather

long and slender.

Front flattened and strongly, densely granulose and opaque between the

antennal prominences ; eyes moderate IN S1Ze ..........scee eee eee ee FUZOSUS

Front finely, sparsely punctate and polished; eyes very small........miger

Site Ohare pOcOtMOLAX NOt CrEMMLALE.. 0. s.ccereseeer aes sesinss necieresascececeieesiceecncsee lL

1 i—Sculpture coarse and moderately dense; rather small species............12

Sculpture very finely, longitudinally strigose ; species still more minute ....15

12—Prothorax moderately transverse, with the sides parallel; abdomen very

strongly reticulate and dull toward base................0..++-- PIACUSINUS

Prothorax strongly transverse. with the sides convergent behind...............13

13—Sides of the prothorax distinctly emarginate just before the basal angles ;

median sulcus of the pronotum alone distinct............. 0000005. GeEMSUS

Sides of the prothorax not emarginate near the base; pronotum with three

more or less distinct longitudinal impressions ....... 0.0.00 .00secece cer cedecs eee Ld

14—Sculpture very dense; lustre dull, the abdomen Leaman and but

feebly shining ; antenne rather more slender and less incrassate.

alpicola

Sculpture not so dense, except on the elytra of some species, the lustre some-

what shining; abdomen always polished ; antenne more incrassate.

Elytra distinctly impressed near the suture toward base; elytral punctures

distinct, not forming long ruge at least toward base...........nitidulus

Elytra very narrowly impressed along the suture near the base, the punc-

tures indistinct, forming long coarse sed ruge, the elytra shorter and

more transverse than in nitidulus .....0.scccee eee ceeceeeee cee cee esos SUSPECCTUS

Elytra not in the least impressed Bie the suture, pane flat, the punc-

tures indistinct, forming long fine anastomosing ruge........... SODFIMUS

15—Antenne longer, slender, the outer joints but slightly wider than long ;

; surface more shining and less densely strigilate ............... Vegramdis

Antenne short, stouter, strongly incrassate, the outer joints strongly trans-

verse; lustre very dull.

384 Coleopterological Notices, V.

Elytra but slightly longer than the prothorax; abdomen polished, very

remotely and obsoletely punctulate .............c00c0 cee eeececcccccsceees MMAMUS

exiguus

Elytra much longer than the prothorax ; form broader, the abdomen strongly

reticulate, finely, more densely and subgranularly punctulate.

tetracarinatus

It will be observed that the species are not quite as abundant

as in the European fauna, but others will probably be discovered,

as these obscure little insects are seldom collected. Four of the

twenty-three are common to the two continents.

0. sculptus Grav.—Mon., p. 191; merens Mels.: Proc. Ac. Phila., II,

p- 42; antennatus Steph. ; longicornis Mann. ; testaceipennis Fairm.

The head in both sexes is small, narrower than the prothorax,

with a single median impressed channel toward base and large

eyes. The prothorax is moderately transverse, with three distinct

impressed channels, the elytra increasing in width from base to

apex, a little wider and mnch longer than the prothorax, rather

coarsely, subrugosely sculptured. ‘The mentum has a fine arcuate

discal groove extending from one basal angle to the other. Length

3.44.0 mm.; width 1.0-1.1 mm.

This species is represented in my cabinet from Lowa, Wisconsin,

California and Europe. The European and American forms do

not differ at all. The male appears to be much less abundant than

the female.

O. insignitus Grav.—Mon., p.18&; americanus Mann.: Brachél., p. 48.

In the male of this species the head is large, slightly wider than

long, with the eyes at their own length from the basal angles, the

antenne about one-third longer than the head, exclusive of the man-

dibles, the latter very long, decussate, almost evenly arcuate and

acutely pointed, the frontal porrect process acute and simple. In

the female the head is very much smaller, transverse, with the

frontal margin not armed, the eyes about equally large but almost

attaining the base, the antenne fully one-half longer than the head

and the mandibles much smaller, thicker and more strongly arcuate.

The mandibular tooth is situated at nearly the same distance from

the base in both sexes, but is very much nearer the apex in the

female. In the male the head, prothorax and elytra are nearly

equal in width and the elytra are distinctly longer than the pro-

thorax, strongly and rather closely punctured. It occurs through-

Coleopterological Notices, V. 385

out the Atlantic States from New York to Texas and far into

Mexico. Length 2.4-3.0 mm.; width 0.75—0.9 mm.

O. munitus n. sp.—Parallel, stout, flavate, the pronotum darker, rufes-

cent; head and abdomen still darker, piceous; antennz black, pale toward

base ; mandibles and legs pale; integuments polished throughout ; pubescence

very sparse, the abdominal sete rather long; head impunctate and polished,

except near and at the sides, where there are some coarse elongated subrugi-

form punctures, the under surface impunctate; pronotum coarsely, very

sparsely, rugosely, the elytra also coarsely sparsely and unevenly punctate ;

abdomen minutely, sparsely punctulate. Head very large, as wide as the pro-

thorax, slightly wider than long, with a very large uneven smooth impression

at each side at about lateral third, the frontal margin abruptly prolonged in

a short acute porrect spine; eyes moderately convex, at very much more

than their own length from the basal angles; tempora behind the eyes nearly

straight and feebly divergent, then broadly rounded to the neck which is

three-fifths as wide as the head; mandibles very long, nearly straight, arcuate

at apex, toothed near the base; antennz only slightly longer than the head

exclusive of the mandibles, the basal joint large, stout, constricted at base,

nearly as long as the next four, second a little shorter and stouter than the

third, which is longer than the fourth, the latter slightly elongate-oval, five to

eight increasing rapidly in width, eight to ten equal, moderately transverse,

eleventh small, conoidal, not as long or wide as the preceding two. Prothoraz

short and transverse, nearly twice as wide as long, the sides strongly conver-

gent from apical fifth to the basal angles, which are very obtuse and nearly

obsolete, the edges feebly crenulate and with a slight sinuation just before

the basal angles; apex broadly bisinuate; apical angles well marked; disk

strongly trisulcate, broadly impressed toward the sides. Llytra two-fifths

wider than long, equal in width to the prothorax and fully two-fifths longer ;

sides subparallel, feebly arcuate; humeri broadly, transversely exposed at

base; suture broadly, strongly margined; disk of each broadly impressed

along the middle. Abdomen short, nearly as wide as the elytra, parallel, the

border thin and deep. Length 3.0 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

Pennsylvania.

This species is allied to ensignitus, and resembles it strongly in

the general form of the head and simple acute apex of the frontal

process, but differs in the straight mandibles, eyes more distant

from the basal angles and in the much coarser and sparser sculp-

ture of the pronotum and elytra; the oblique ruge near the base of

the head toward the sides in instqnitus are wanting in munitus.

The description is taken from the male, which is the only sex that

I have seen.

O. breviceps n. sp.—Moderately broad, parallel, dark brownish-testa-

ceous ; mandibles and palpi concolorous ; elytra and legs flavate; antenns

386 _ Coleopterological Notices, V.

black, flavate at base; head blackish; abdomen dark piceous-brown, the

apices of the segments paler. Head, exclusive of the mandibles, one-half

wider than long, a little narrower than the prothorax, finely reticulate and alu-

taceous, minutely, sparsely punctate, strongly, longitudinally rugose toward

the sides, broadly biimpressed, the impression as usual very deep within the

antennal tubercles; eyes moderate, at less than their own length from the

-basal angles, the tempora feebly divergent behind them; basal angles broadly

rounded; mandibles moderate, strongly, evenly arcuate, decussate; frontal

porrect process notched at tip; antenne fully one-half longer than the head,

nearly as in insignitus and munitus. Prothorax fully three-fourths wider than

long, the apical angles nearly right, distinct; sides thence nearly straight,

feebly divergent for a short distance, then rather strongly convergent to the

broadly rounded basal angles; edges finely crenulate; disk strongly trisul-

cate, broadly impressed laterally, rather closely, strongly punctate. lytra

very short, strongly transverse, at base as wide as the prothorax, at apex a

little wider, the suture not longer than the prothorax ; humeri transverse

at base; disk scarcely impressed, strongly distinctly and closely punctate.

Abdomen parallel, very slightly narrower than the elytra, minutely feebly and

sparsely punctulate. Length (extended) 3.0-3.5 mm.; width 0.7—0.9 mm.

New York (Catskill Mts.).

The description is taken from three males, which are perfectly

similar among themselves, except that the notch in the tip of the

frontal process varies in size, in some specimens being very narrow.

The female greatly resembles the female of instgnitus, except that

the eyes are somewhat less basal, the elytra’ shorter and the neck a

little wider. .

0. convergens Lec.—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc , VI, 1877, p. 236.

Head in the male large, at base rather wider than the prothorax,

coarsely, rugosely punctate, with a large apical concavity, the eyes

convex, at their own length from the basal angles, the tempora

strongly divergent behind the eyes, the frontal margin slightly pro-

duced in a short broad truncate process; antenne a little longer

than the bead, the tenth joint slightly wider than long. Prothorax

nearly twice as wide as long, deeply trisulecate, broadly impressed

laterally, strongly, rather closely punctate. Elytra a little longer

and wider than the prothorax, strongly, moderately closely punctate.

Length 3.8 mm.; width 1.1mm. Georgia and Florida.

The mentum is as usual composed of three parts, the basal lim-

ited by a deep groove, trapezoidal in form, extending from one

basal angle to the other and advancing anteriorly more than one-

half the entire length, the apical consisting of a narrow transverse

Coleopterological Notices, V. 387

semi-membranous margin. Jn the male the sixth ventral plate has

two small feeble teeth on the apical edge, separated by one-third of

the total width; the seventh is prolonged in the middle in a liguli-

form process which is as long as wide, gradually narrowed toward

the truncate apex, the surface of the segment perfectly flat and even

throughout, except a very feeble swelling at the tip of the ligula.

O. fuscipennis Mann.—Bull. Mosc., 1848, II, p. 233.

Black, the elytra rufescent ; legs pale brown; surface highly pol-

ished, the punctures strong but rather sparse, closer and feebly sub-

confluent on the elytra. The head in the male is large, about as

wide as the prothorax, with a large deep apical concavity, the

middle of the frontal edge broadly sinuate, the sinuation limited

by rather prominent angular projections; eyes rather small, at

nearly twice their length from the neck, the tempora evenly,

strongly arcuate from the eyes to the neck; antenne a little longer

than the head, the outer joints strongly transverse. Prothorax not

twice as wide as long, deeply trisulcate, also longitudinally, ob-

liquely impressed toward the sides. Elytra a little wider and dis-

tinctly longer than the prothorax. Length 4.0 mm.; width 1.2 mm.

Alaska to California.

The sixth ventral is not modified, the seventh abruptly produced

in the middle in a gradually narrowed ligula, a little longer than

wide, subtruncate at apex, the surface of the segment thrown up

in the middle at the base of the ligula in a short transverse ridge

which is steep behind, gradually declivous anteriorly, the summit

of the ridge scarcely one-half wider than the apex of the ligula,

with its lateral limits very acute, each bearing a stiff seta; surface

of the ligula perfectly flat throughout. The transverse groove of

the mentum attains the middle of the length, is parabolic in form

and interrupted in the middle.

In connection with this species, I do not understand the reference

by Mr. Fauvel to laqueatus Marsh., as the sexual characters in my

representative of that species are altogether different, nor to lutea-

pennis Hrichs., by Dr. Sharp in the ‘‘ Biologia,” as that species is

stated by Hrichson to have the sixth ventral plate bituberculate at

apex. I think there can be no doubt that I have correctly identi-

fied Mannerheim’s species, as there seems to be none other at all

like it found in Alaska. There is a large series in my cabinet.

Dr. LeConte confounded with this species one or more eastern

388 Coleopterological Notices, V.

forms, and the indicated sexual characters of the male (1. ¢., p. 235)

must surely have been inadvertently taken from a specimen of O.

sculptus.

O. nimius n. sp.—Stout, black, polished, the elytra dark rufous; legs »

and basal parts of the antenne pale; integuments glabrous, with a few erect

stiff sete, the two occipital distinct. Head just visibly narrower than the

prothorax, nearly as long as wide, strongly but rather sparsely punctate,

broadly concave anteriorly, the frontal margin very broadly, feebly produced

and slightly sinuate, with the lateral angles obtuse; eyes convex; tempora

strongly arcuate from the eye to the neck, one-half longer than the former

and equally prominent ; neck two-thirds as wide as the head; antennz one-

third longer than the head, the outer joints rapidly incrassate, basal joint

long, stout and cylindrical. Prothorax not quite twice as wide as long, widest

scarcely before the middle; sides broadly rounded, convergent and sinuate

posteriorly, the basal angles prominent; base arcuate; apex truncate, feebly

sinuate laterally; disk strongly trisulcate, strongly, longitudinally impressed

sublaterally ; strongly but sparsely punctate. Elytra a little wider and dis-

tinctly longer than the prothorax; sides feebly divergent ; humeri exposed ;

base broadly emarginate in circular arc; disk flat, coarsely, closely punctate,

the punctures becoming slightly confluent along the middle of each. Abdomen

slightly narrower than the elytra, almost impunctate, minutely, sparsely

punctulate toward base. Length 5.0 mm.; width 1.25 mm.

Pennsylvania.

The male from which the description is drawn, has two extremely

obsolete dentiform subapical elevations on the sixth ventral plate,

separated by one-fifth of the entire width, the seventh abruptly pro-

duced in the middle in a short gradually narrowed ligula, much

shorter than wide, with its apex slightly thickened, beveled and

transversely truncate, the surface of the segment and ligula per-

fectly even and flat throughout, the eighth narrowly, deeply im-

pressed throughout the length along the median line.

This species is allied to fuscipennis, but differs in the male sexual

characters and antennal structure. |

0. montanus n. sp.—Stout, black, glabrous, highly polished through-

out, the elytra scarcely visibly rufo-piceous; legs piceous-black, the tarsi

paler; antenne scarcely paler at base. Head slightly narrower than the

prothorax, distinctly shorter than wide, strongly, not densely punctate, the

mandibles stout, arcuate, the apical concavity large, transverse; frontal

margin very broadly, feebly produced, distinctly sinuate, with rather promi-

nent angles; eyes moderate, prominent; tempora strongly arcuate from the

eyes to the neck, not twice as long as the eye and rather more prominent ;

antenne one-half longer than the head, strongly incrassate, the eleventh

Coleopterological Notices, V. 389

joint barely as long or wide as the preceding two, basal joint slender, feebly

constricted toward apex. JProthorax twice as wide as long, the sides broadly,

evenly arcuate from apex to base, parallel nearly to the middle, then conver-

gent to the basal angles which are obtuse and scarcely evident; base broadly

arcuate ; apex truncate, the sinuations distant and very feeble; disk strongly

trisulcate, broadly impressed toward the sides, strongly but not densely

punctate throughout. Lilytra as wide as the prothorax and distinctly longer ;

sides almost parallel]; humeri feebly exposed; disk strongly, evenly, not

densely punctate throughout, the punctures tending to unite longitudinally.

Abdomen a little narrower than the elytra; sides parallel and slightly arcuate ;

punctures minute, rather numerous toward base, very remote and obsolete

toward apex. Length 3.6-4.0 mm.; width 1.1-1.2 mm.

California (Lake Tahoe).

This species is allied to fuscipennts, differing in the more strongly

and less sparsely punctured integuments, dark elytra and legs,

rounded sides of the prothorax with nearly obsolete basal angles,

and in the male sexual characters. The sixth ventral plate is not

modified, the seventh abruptly produced in the middle in a very

short gradually narrowed ligula, much wider than long, with the

apex feebly sinuato-truncate, the angles rounded, its surface tumid

and widely beveled toward apex, the surface of the segment with

two approximate subconfluent setigerous tubercles at some distance

anterior to the base of the ligula, and distant by less than the apical

width of the latter.

O. invenustus n. sp.—Stout, black, highly polished and glabrous, the

elytra dark piceous; legs and basal joint of the antenne -pale; sparse erect

sete long and distinct. Mead small, wider than long, distinctly narrower

than the prothorax, deeply concave at apex, the median parts of the clypeus

flat, with the apical margin broadly sinuate and biangulate; punctures strong

but sparse; eyes moderate, convex ; tempora strongly, evenly arcuate to the

neck, but slightly longer than the eye and not more prominent; antenne one-

half longer than the head, strongly incrassate, the first joint long, slightly

contorted and broadly constricted near the apex; tenth scarcely one-third

wider than long, eleventh small, not as long as the two preceding. Prothorax

not twice as wide as long, widest at the middle, the sides parallel, evenly,

broadly arcuate throughout; base and apex very nearly equal; basal angles

broadly obtuse but not blunt; disk strongly trisulcate, broadly and strongly

impressed sublaterally, strongly but rather sparsely punctate, the punctures

fine on the median ridges. Slytra distinctly longer than the prothorax, at

base equal in width, at apex a little wider; disk strongly but rather sparsely,

nearly evenly punctate. Abdomen distinctly narrower than the elytra; sides

parallel, feebly arcuate toward apex; surface subiinpunctate ; border rather

deep, moderately thin. Length 3.7 mm.; width 1.1 mm.

390 Coleopterological Notices, V.

Maryland.

The small head may be exceptional and an individual feature in

the unique type, for it varies a good deal in fuscipennis; I find,

however, that the sexual characters at the ventral apex are very

nearly constant, whatever may be the size of the head. The present

species is allied closely to fusctpennis, but differs in having two

small feeble tubercles at the apex of the sixth ventral plate, sepa-

rated mutually by only one-eighth or one-tenth of the entire width,

also in the parallel sides of the prothorax. The seventh ventral is

abruptly produced in a narrow, gradually almost parallel, narrowly

truncate ligula, longer than wide, with the surface at apex broadly

and feebly beveled, the surface of the segment at the base of the

ligula acutely and confluently bituberculate and bisetigerous. The

transverse grove of the mentum is entire and in the form of a cir-

cular are.

0. pennsylvanicus Erichs.—Gen. Staph., p. 792; Lec.: Trans. Am.

Ent. S0c., Vij ip. 230.

Dark rufo-piceous, the elytra, legs and basal parts of the antenne

pale, brownish-flavate; surface polished, glabrous. Head scarcely

visibly narrower than the prothorax, transverse, the frontal margin

not produced, broadly arcuate in the middle ; antenne not quite as

long as the head and prothorax, moderately incrassate. Prothorax

three-fourths wider than long, widest at the middle, the sides almost

evenly arcuate; base and apex subequal; disk finely, sparsely punc-

tate like the head. Elytra slightly wider and distinctly longer than

the prothorax, rather sparsely, not coarsely punctate, a broad me-

dian area of each feebly impressed and more closely punctured.

Abdomen parallel, distinctly narrower than the elytra, subimpunc-

tate. Length 3.4-4.4 mm.; width 0.75-0.95 mm. New York to

the Gulf States.

The sixth ventral plate of the male bas at apex two small

tubercles, distant by one-sixth of the entire width; the seventh

is feebly produced in a gradually narrowed, short flat ligula, much

wider than long, with its apex emarginate, and the surface of the

segment at the base of the ligula is obtusely elevated in the form of

a short, transverse, anteriorly arcuate ridge, the highest point of

which is the middle and not the setigerous lateral extremities as in

fuscipennis and its allies. The arcuate line of the mentum is very

fine and is subinterrupted in the middle. The head in the female is

much smaller than in the male, with the eyes relatively larger.

Coleopterological Notices, V. 391

O. incolumiis Erichs.—Gen. Staph., p. 791; Lec.: 1. c., p. 235.

Head black; prothorax and abdomen dark brownish-rufous;

.elytra and legs pale flavate; antenne rufo-fuscous, slightly paler

toward base; integuments polished, glabrous, very finely, sparsely

punctate, the elytra a little more coarsely and deeply, the abdomen

finely punctate and sparsely clothed with short, stiff pubescence.

Head and prothorax without longitudinal grooves, the antenne

moderately incrassate, the tenth joint in the male strongly trans-

verse, the eleventh unusually long, equalling the preceding three.

Elytra equal in length and width to the prothorax. Abdomen

parallel, a little narrower than the elytra, the border rather thin

and deep. Length 3.5 mm.; width 1.0 mm. Southern States.

One of the most distinct and isolated of our species, easily known

by the characters given above and by the parallel and feebly arcuate

sides of the prothorax. The sixth ventral of the male has at apex

two feeble, broadly cuspiform tubercles, separated by between one-

sixth and one-eighth of the width, the seventh produced in a flat

ligula, a little wider than long, with the sides rapidly convergent

to the feebly sinuato-truncate apex, the surface not beveled at its

apex, and the surface of the segment perfectly flat and even

throughout.

O. rugosus Fabr.—Syst. Ent., p. 267; basalis Mels.: Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci.,

Phila., Il, p. 41; rugulosus Harris nec Say.

‘This fine species is too well known to need extended notice; the

American specimens do not differ at all from the European, except

perhaps in the less finely substrigose sculpture of the head. The.

head is large in the male, with the antenne as long as the head

and prothorax, the outer joints not at all transverse and the eleventh

much shorter than the two preceding. Prothorax arcuately nar-

rowed from near the apex, as wide as the elytra and fully three-

fourths as long. Abdomen minutely granulato-reticulate and dull.

Length 4.2-5.0 mm.; width 1.0-1.1 mm. United States and

Europe. I have not seen it, however, from the Pacific Coast.

The mentum differs greatly from that of fuscipennis and the

other allied species preceding, having no trace of the transverse

groove; it is rectangular, twice as wide as long, finely, densely

granulato-reticulate and dull, with a wide membranous apical

margin. The male sexual characters are also of a different type,

the fifth ventral having a strong porrect median tooth, the sixth a

392 Coleopterological Notices, V.

feebly elevated bisinuate subapical elevation, and the seventh is

deeply, almost equally and angularly biemarginate.

O. niger Lec.—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VI, 1877, p. 235.

Parallel, rather narrow, somewhat convex, polished, black

throughout, the antenne not at all paler at base; legs dark red-

dish-brown. Head slightly transverse, convex, a little narrower

than the prothorax, impressed only at the inner side of the anten-

nal prominences, the frontal margin finely beaded, transversely

truncate; punctures fine but strong, not dense; eyes very small;

tempora large, rounded, more prominent than the eye; antenne as

long as the head and prothorax, feebly incrassate, the basal joint

long, cylindrical, narrowed gradually toward base, tenth very

slightly transverse, eleventh nearly as long as the preceding two.

Prothorax two-thirds wider than long, narrowed behind from near

the apex, trisulcate, the median sulcus deeper, scarcely impressed

toward the sides, not very coarsely but strongly, sparsely punctate.

Elytra equal in width to the prothorax but not quite as long, rather

coarsely but sparsely punctate, somewhat uneven. Abdomen very

remotely and obsoletely punctulate, rather coarsely so and distinctly

pubescent beneath. Length 3.3 mm.; width 0.75 mm. California

(San Francisco and Lake Tahoe); British Columbia—LeConte.

The sixth ventral plate of the male is obtusely tuberculate at its

centre, and also has, on the disk near the posterior edge, two small

erect very approximate tubercles arranged transversely, the seventh

broadly biemarginate, the median lobe broadly rounded, the eighth

not longitudinally impressed. The mentum is transverse, shining

though transversely rugulose, impressed along the basal margin,

and with the usual pale semi-membranous apical piece.

oO. placusinus Lec.—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VI, 1877, p. 237.

Pale reddish-brown throughout, the head and abdomen more

piceous but only slightly darker; punctures rather coarse, very

dense, forming long anastomosing ruge, the depressed flat front of

the head between the antennal prominences shining, almost im-

punctate; tergum subimpunctate but strongly reticulate and dull

toward base; integuments glabrous, the tempora, and especially

the venter, distinctly pubescent. Head narrower than the protho-

rax, aS long as wide, subquadrate; eyes small, convex, at the

middle; antenne feebly incrassate, one-half longer than the head.

Coleopterological Notices, V. 308

Prothorax rectangular, one-half wider than long, the sides parallel,

very feebly arcuate; median groove feeble, the others almost com-

pletely obsolete. Elytra distinctly wider and longer than the pro-

thorax, flat. Length 2.5 mm.; width 0.75 mm. _ District of

Columbia.

Of this distinct and myrmecophilous species I have only seen

the female. The mentum is smooth and polished, with a trans-

verse, feebly arcuate broad and irregularly eroded subbasal groove,

and the usual membranous apical margin.

O. densus n. sp.—Parallel, rather narrow, strongly shining, glabrous,

the tergum with very minute sparse hairs, the venter minutely and extremely

remotely pubescent; pronotum rufous; elytra darker, piceous; head and

abdomen black; legs pale flavate; antenne blackish, pale toward base ;

punctures throughout the head, pronotum and elytra rather coarse, very

dense, subcoalescent ; separated longitudinally by anastomosing ruge, the

tront between the antennal prominences shining and subimpunctate; abdo-

men polished throughout, very minutely remotely and obsoletely punctulate.

Head very slightly narrower than the prothorax, a little wider than long, the

occiput feebly, remotely biimpressed at base only; eyes small, convex, at

one-half more than their own length from the basal angles; tempora nearly

straight and parallel behind them to the rounded basal angles, thence sub-

transverse to the neck; antenneze nearly as long as the head and prothorax,

the basal joint cylindrical, as long as the next three, second much stouter

than the third, outer joints moderately incrassate, tenth one-half wider than

long, eleventh as wide and long as the two preceding, ogival. Prothorax nearly

twice as wide as long, widest near apical third, the sides parallel, broadly,

evenly arcuate from the apex to the antebasal notch, the latter distinct; base

narrower than the apex, arcuate, the latter truncate; disk unusually convex

toward the middle, the median groove deep, the others obsolete, not impressed

toward the sides. lytra slightly wider and much longer than the prothorax ;

sides divergent, broadly arcuate behind; humeri exposed ; disk flat. Abdomen

a little narrower than the elytra; sides parallel; border moderately deep,

rather thin toward base, gradually very thin behind the middle. Length

1.9-2.1 mm.; width 0.5 mm.

Marvland; Texas.

Possibly also myrmecophilous, somewhat resembling, placusinus

but much smaller, with the abdomen polished, much less pubescent

beneath, and the prothorax short, narrowed and laterally emargi-

nate near the base. The female has the head smaller and shorter

and the eyes relatively larger, situated at not more than their own

length from the base. In the male the seventh ventral plate is

broadly bisinuate at apex, the median lobe feeble but obtusely an-

Annas N. Y. Acap. Scr., VII, Nov. 1893.—26

SOA. Coleopterological Notices, V.

gulate, the eighth not distinctly impressed. The mentum is nearly

as in placusinus, but with a deeper, more even, feebly arcuate and

unusualy coarse subbasal groove. Numerous specimens.

0. alpicola n. sp. (Fauvel MS.)—Broad, flat above, dull, very densely

sculptured, black throughout, the antenne slightly paler toward base; legs

dark rufo-testaceous ; integuments deeply, densely but not very coarsely

punctate, the punctures separated by longitudinally anastomosing ruge

throughout, the small depressed clypeus between the antennal prominences

more feebly sculptured and somewhat shining; abdomen coarsely, strongly

reticulate and dull, feebly, sparsely punctate and sparsely clothed with short

hairs, which are more distinet but not at all closer on the polished under sur-

face. Head subquadrate, nearly as long as wide, quite distinctly narrower

than the prothorax, longitudinally trisuleate, the median impression narrow

‘ and distinct, the lateral broad and feebler ; eyes small, at fully one-half more

than their own length from the basal angles ; tempora divergent and nearly

straight behind them, broadly rounded behind, becoming transverse near the

neck, which is narrow, only three-fifths as wide as the head; antenne gradu-

ally, moderately incrassate, scarcely one-half longer than the head, the basal

joint as long as the next three, second longer and thicker than the third,

tenth one-half wider than long, eleventh fully as wide but not quite as long

as the preceding two, obtusely ogival. Prothorar about twice as wide as long,

the sides parallel and feebly arcuate, becoming strongly convergent in basal

half, the basal angles very obtuse, almost obliterated ; disk trisulcate, the

median sulcus distinct and entire, the lateral partial and broadly impressed,

scarcely at all impressed toward the sides. lytra equal in width to the

prothorax and nearly one-half longer, one-third wider than long; sides

subparallel, feebly arcuate; humeri slightly exposed; disk flat, not at all

impressed at the suture near the base. Abdomen subequal in width to the

elytra. Length 2.1 mm.; width 0.7 mm.

Colorado.

The male is the only sex examined; it has very feeble abdominal.

characters, the seventh ventral plate being transversely truncate

throughout its width, shorter than the dorsal plate, the infolded

sides of which are visible laterally beyond its apex. The mentum

has no groove, but a depressed basal area, extending beyond the

middle and bounded anteriorly by an arcuate line from angle to

angle, which is.evenly, transversely rugose; anterior part polished,

devoid of sculpture; apical membranous margin fine.

O. nitidulus Grav.—Micr., p. 107; punctatus Lec.: Tr. Am. Ent. Soe.,

VI, p. 236; rugulosus Gemm. et Har. nec Say.

Elongate, slender, parallel and rather depressed, shining, strongly

but not densely punctate, black, the legs pale; elytra rufo-testaceous,

Coleopterological Notices, V. 395

generally more or less infumate toward base. Head in the male

nearly as wide as the prothorax, obsoletely trisuleate, the eyes at

their own length from the basal angles, the tempora slightly

divergent behind them and a little more prominent. Prothorax

trisulcate, the median sulcus deep and narrow, the lateral broad

and very feeble, also broadly impressed toward the sides. _ Elytra

a little wider and distinctly longer than the prothorax. Length

2.1-2.9 mm.; width 0.6 mm. Pacific Coast and Siberia to Western

Europe.

The male seems to be much less abundant than the female and

has rather feeble sexual modifications, the sixth ventral plate being

broadly and just visibly sinuate toward the middle, and the seventh

moderately bisinuate. The groove of the mentum is feebly arcuate,

very deep and somewhat uneven. A male which I took in the Sta.

Clara Valley, California, has longer elytra, at least one-half longer

than the prothorax, but does not differ much otherwise.

According to Mr. Fauvel the Mexican rugulosus of Say and car-

bonellus Solksy, are identical.

O. suspectus n. sp.—0. nitidulus Lec. nec Grav.: Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,

VI, p. 237.—Parallel, polished, black, the elytra and legs pale brownish-

testaceous ; antenne piceous toward base; integuments glabrous; the venter

remotely, coarsely pubescent. Head very nearly as wide as the prothorax,

slightly wider than long, coarsely, closely punctate laterally, finely, feebly

so toward the middle, the subquadrate clypeus convex and scarcely at all

punctured, finely impressed along the middle posteriorly to the base and with

two distant impressions at the base of the occiput; eyes moderate, at their

own length from the basal angles, the latter broadly rounded to the neck, a

little more prominent than the eyes; neck two-thirds as wide as the head ;

antenne as long as the head and prothorax, rather strongly incrassate and

perfoliate, the tenth joint not quite twice as wide as long, eleventh small,

conoidal, not as wide as the tenth and shorter than the two preceding. Pro-

thorax strongly, closely, somewhat longitudinally punctate, three-fourths wider

than long, widest at apical third; sides evenly rounded anteriorly, becoming

gradually distinctly convergent and straight behind, the basal angles obtuse

but distinct ; base feebly arcuate, narrower than the subtruncate apex; disk

trisulcate, the median sulcus deep and distinct, the lateral broad and feeble,

also impressed toward the sides. Elytra a little wider and longer than the

prothorax, transverse, flat, the sides feebly divergent; humeri exposed; disk

of each very broadly, feebly impressed along the middle; punctures strong

but rather fine, longitudinally confluent, separated by fine close anastomosing

ruge. Abdomen slightly narrower than the elytra, parallel, polished. Length

1.6-2.0 mm. ; width 0.5~0.55 mm.

396 Coleopterological Notices, V.

New York; North Carolina; Nebraska.

The female does not differ. areatly but has the head diatineale

smaller. The sixth ventral plate of the male is not sinuate at apex,

the seventh narrowly and feebly bisinuate in the middle at apex,

the median lobe more advanced, small and broadly subangulate.

The mental groove is coarse and deep. This species is readily dis-

tinguishable from nitidulus Grav., by its smaller size and much

finer closer and aciculate sculpture of the elytra. It unquestion-

ably does oceur with ants, but I believe only occasionally, as I

have found it in localities which were apparently not connected in

any way with their nests.

0. sobrinus Lec.—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VI, 1877, p. 237.

Rather broad, depressed, moderately shining, black, the elytra

with a slight piceous tinge; legs paler, piceo-testaceous; antenne

scarcely at all paler at base. Head feebly trisuleate, strongly pune-

tate, distinctly narrower than the prothorax, the eyes well devel-

oped, at their own length from the basal angles, the tempora par-

allel, not at all more prominent than the eyes; antenne strongly

incrassate, the last joint not quite as long as the two preceding.

Prothorax nearly as in ntzdulus, but more densely sculptured.

Elytra distinctly wider and nearly one-half longer than the pro-

thorax; sides rather strongly divergent; disk between the slightly

swollen upper limits of the flanks perfectly fiat, finely, confluently

punctate and closely, longitudinally rugose. Abdomen distinctly

narrower than the elytra, parallel, finely reticulate, feebly aluta-

ceous, finely, sparsely, subgranularly punctulate and minutely,

sparsely pubescent, much more distinctly so beneath. Length

1.9-2.6 mm.; width 0.6-0.75 mm. California (Humboldt to Los

Angeles); Southwestern Utah.

The head in the female is distinctly smaller. In the male the

sixth ventral plate is unmodified, the seventh feebly bisinuate in

the middle, the small median lobe slightly produced, rounded and

extremely minutely fimbriate along its apex. The groove of the

mentum is coarse, deep and entire. This species is allied to nttidu-_

lus and suspectus, but differs in its broader form and in the much

finer, denser, substrigose sculpture of the elytra.

O. vegrandis n. sp.—Slender, parallel, depressed, feebly shining,

minutely strigilate, black, the elytra piceous; legs pale, the femora blackish ;

Coleopterological Notices, V. 397

antenne piceous at base. Head large, slightly transverse, as wide as the

prothorax, feebly impressed along the middle; depressed clypeus strigilate

and dull; eyes convex, at a little more than their own length from the basal

angles, rather more prominent than the tempora, the latter straight and

parallel behind them, abruptly rounded at base; antennz rather slender,

feebly incrassate, fully as long as the head and prothorax, tenth joint slightly

transverse, the eleventh pointed, fully as long as the two preceding. Prothorax

two-thirds wider than long, the sides feebly convergent, evenly and distinctly

arcuate from apex to base, the basal angles obtuse and almost obliterated ;

disk with four polished feeble carine, separated by concavities of the surface,

the two median very approximate, but becoming more distant from base to

apex, rather strongly impressed also toward the sides. Elytra distinctly wider

and longer than the prothorax, the sides nearly parallel and straight; humeri

‘exposed at base; disk flat, finely, densely strigilate, also obscurely punctate,

the strigilations slightly confluent and shining toward base. Abdomen a little

narrower than the elytra, parallel, shining, very coarsely but feebly reticu-

late, minutely remotely and obsoletely punctulate, each tergite with two

distant erect and stiff sete at ‘apex; under surface polished, very remotely

pubescent. Legs slender, the posterior tarsi very short; anterior tibie not

angulate externally near the apex. Length 1.4 mm.; width 0.35 mm.

California (near San Francisco).

While allied to nanus, this minute species differs in its coarser

strigilation, longer, much more slender antenne, and in the male

sexual characters. The sixth ventral is fimbriate at apex and sinu-

ate in median fifth, the seventh cylindrically impressed and finely

pubescent along the middle, the apex produced in the middle in a

small broadly rounded simple lobe, the eighth broadly impressed.

The mentum is coarsely, transversely grooved in the middle.

O. nanus Erichs.—Gen. Staph., p. 797.

O. exiguus Erichs.—Gen. Staph., p. 798; pygmeus Melsh.: Proc. Ac.

Phila., II, p. 41; parvulus Melsh.: l.c, p. 41.

I cannot resolve the ample material in my cabinet into distinctly

characterized species. It is easy to select two or three specimens

which apparently represent species, but in all cases others are found

which seem to be intermediate; so it is impossible to give any dis-

tinguishing characters at present. The species may be readily

known by its opaque, minutely strigilate sculpture, less dense in

the female, especially on the head, and its polished subimpunctate

abdomen. Length 1.2-1.8 mm.; width 0.3-0.45 mm. New York

to Florida; Lake Superior and Texas—probably extending through

Mexico.

398 Coleopterological Notices, V.

0. tetracarinatus Block.—Verz. Ins. Plauen., p. 116; depressus Grav.,

Micr., p. 103.

This species is added on the authority of LeConte and Fauvel,

as I have seen no American specimens. It is very readily distin-

guishable from nanus by its larger, longer elytra, stouter form and

less polished, somewhat reticulate abdomen, which is finely, sub-

granularly punctulate. Length 1.7 mm.; width 0.55 mm. Europe;

Indiana—LeConte.

OMALINI.

The genera allied to Lesteva form a much more important ele-

ment in the omaline fauna of North America than of Europe, and

may be distinguished among themselves as follows :—

Third joint of the maxillary palpi very small, not longer than wide, the

fourth extremely long as in Lesteva; pronotum not impressed at the

sides; labrum as in Lesteva, composed of two nearly equal parts, the

basal corneous, transverse and broadly truncate, the apical abruptly

thin, translucent and rounded.

‘Elytra short, quadrate; first four joints of the hind tarsi subequal in length,

the first not quite as long as the second ; antenne not clavate.

Pseudolesteva

Elytra long, extending to the apex of the third ventral; first four joints of

the hind tarsi subequal, the first not appreciably longer than the second ;

antennz with the last three joints longer and thicker than the eighth,

forming an elongate and very slender club.....................0.... Nevales

Third joint of the maxillary palpi longer than wide; pronotum always im-

pressed near the middle of the sides.

Maxillary palpi filiform, nearly as in Lesteva, the second joint but slightly

thicker than the third or fourth; third very slightly longer than wide

and scarcely more than one-fourth as long as the fourth; labrum semi-

circular, the central parts tumid, uneven and dense, the edges through-

out thinned and translucent ; antenne filiform, the joints elongate.

Unamiis

Maxillary palpi smaller, the second joint thick, nearly three times as wide

as the very slender fourth, third one-half longer than wide, a little thicker

than the fourth and less than one-half as long; labrum as long as wide,

acutely parabolic, the edges throughout abruptly but very narrowly

thinned and translucent ; antenne short, oe a incrassate, the outer

joints not longer than as 2 EeneKe ao necetenbenesa natal tan res Artochia

Maxillary palpi filiform, the dubia joint not ee nee + aN the third

or fourth, the second two to nearly three times as long as wide and

one-half as long as the fourth or somewhat less ; labrum short, broad,

CA) Ce ees

Sel car tials

Coleopterological Notices, V. 399

entirely corneous, broadly rounded at apex, the disk abruptly, strongly,

transversely impressed and thinned in apical third; antenne filiform.

Head completely devoid of any trace of ocelli; body small.......Vellica

Head with two distinct and widely distant ocelli; body large...... Tilea

It is not possible to state at present whether the rather numerous

European species of Lesteva display notable variation in tarsal

structure, but certainly our pallipes and cribratulus are not at all

conformable with pubescens and longelytrata which I have under

observation, since both differ radically in tarsal structure, and cribra-

tulus also in its much longer elytra, subclavate antenne and nar-_

rower, more convex form of the body.

PSEUDOLESTEVA un. gen.

The three forms described by LeConte have been combined to

form the single species pallipes. My material is not sufficiently

extensive to enable me to pronounce any opinion of value, but,

although extremely similar in form, it is possible that pallipes and

biguttula (= picescens) may really be distinct, at least the two

oblique spots of the latter seem to be very constant and character-

istic; the true pallzpes is entirely black with the legs pale flavate.

Pseudolesteva is limited to the Atlantic regions of the continent.

TEVALES 2. gen.

A single species, remarkably distinct from Ps. pallipes in general

habitus, forms the type of this genus, which is also confined as far

as known to the Atlantic faunal regions. These two genera of the

Atlantic slope are much more closely allied to the true Lesteva than

those of the Pacific fauna, and the latter are furthermore remarkable

as a group in having the pronotum deeply impressed at the sides.

T. cribratulus ». sp.—Pale and uniform brownish-testaceous through-

out, the legs slightly paler; surface rather shining; pubescence uniform,

moderate in length, not dense. Mead much wider than long, distinctly nar-

rower than the prothorax and about as wide as an elytron, finely densely and

distinctly punctate, indefinitely biimpressed, transversely impressed between

the antennez, the epistomal suture visible near the sides; ocelli distinct, just

behind the line of the posterior limit of the eyes, distant by one third of the

total width ; eyes well developed, setose ; tempora less than one-half as long ;

antenne very slender, one-half as long as the body, second joint rather longer

than the third, fifth nearly three times as long as wide, eighth shorter than

the seventh or ninth. Prothorar one-fourth wider than long, the sides evenly

400 Coleopterological Notices, V.

arcuate and convergent to the apex from just before the middle, convergent

and strongly sinuate in basal half; base and apex equal; disk convex, even,

finely densely evenly and very distinctly punctate. lytra more than twice

as long as the prothorax and three-fourths wider, longer than wide; humeri

rounded and exposed ; sides just visibly divergent throughout; disk strongly

densely punctate. Abdomen short behind the elytra, feebly, sparsely punctu-

late. Legs short but slender; hind tarsi short, scarcely one-half as long as

the tibie. Length 2.7 mm.; width 1.0 mm.

Pennsylvania.

The single specimen isa male, having the sixth ventral feebly

sinuato-truncate at apex. The maxillary palpi are as in Lesteva

pubescens, the second joint stouter than the third and fourth, the

third smal], not quite as long as wide and scarcely more than one-

sixth as long as the fourth. In Lesteva the head is constricted at

a much greater distance behind the eyes, the ocelli being notably

more basal, and the second antennal joint is rather shorter than the

third. In Pseudolesteva the second antennal joint is much shorter

than the third, and the fourth palpal joint is shorter and more gradu-

ally pointed toward apex.

UNAMIS n. gen.

The species previously described as Lesteva truncata (Bull. Cal.

Acad. Sci., I, p. 8322) demands without any doubt a special genus

for its reception. It is most closely allied to Artochia, resembling

that genus in the basal position of the eyes and obsolete tempora,

but differs in palpal structure and in the tarsi. In Unamis the

hind tarsi are long and slender, with the basal joint equal to the

next two together.

ARTOCHIA n. gen.

Body small, rather narrow, the head small, triangular, with the

front somewhat prolonged; eyes basal, densely setose, the head

transversely constricted immediately behind them; ocelli widely

distant and on the edge of the transverse constriction. Antenne

incrassate, much shorter than in any other genus of this group.

Maxille with the inner lobe elongate, arcuate aud feebly ungulate

at apex, with an inner fringe of very minute sete; outer lobe as

long as the inner, very slender, gradually thicker near the base,

arcuate at apex, the latter with a terminal tuft of minute sete;

cardo very large, elongate, densely pubescent. Labial palpi with

Bers _—_

wr (eg

Coleopterological Notices, V. 401

the last joint slender and greatly elongate as usual. Coxe all con-

tiguous. Mesosternum feebly carinate; metasternum long. Elytra

extending to the middle of the second ventral. Legs short and

stout; tibiz sparsely spinulose, the anterior thick but abruptly

narrowed at base in the male; tarsi short, the first four joints of

the posterior equal in length.

A. productifrons n. sp.—Black, finely, densely punctate throughout,

the antenne dusky; legs pale flavo-testaceous ; integuments feebly shining,

the pubescence fine, short and abundant. Head with labrum acutely tri-

angular, longer than wide, evenly convex, just visibly and obliquely bi-

impressed beyond the eyes, the latter large, moderately convex; epistomal

suture feebly indicated ; antenne scarcely as long as the head and prothorax,

gradually incrassate, outer joints barely as long as wide, eleventh conoidal,

about as long as the two preceding, second much lenger and thicker than the

third, fourth shorter than the third. Prothorar transversely subquadrate,

two-fifths wider than long, nearly one-half wider than the head, sides sub-

parallel, very obtusely rounded at the middle, straight thence to the base and

apex; base truncate, rather wider than the apex; disk transversely, evenly

convex, impressed at each side, the margins thence to the base narrowly ex-

planate. lytra as long as wide, three-fourths longer and scarcely two-fifths

wider than the prothorax ; humeri very narrowly exposed, rounded ; sides

just perceptibly divergent, nearly straight; apex truncate; disk very broadly

and feebly impressed along the suture except at base. Abdomen less punctate,

much shorter than the elytra, rapidly acute at apex; border strongly in-

clined. Length 2.1 mm.; width 0.9 mm.

California (Gilroy Springs, Sta. Clara Co.).

The unique type appears to be a male, but the sixth ventral is

rather longer than the fifth, and is feebly subtruncate at apex.

VELLICA Casey.

This genus, with Tilea, forms a group immediately distineuish-

able from the two preceding by the less basal eyes and absence of

the transverse dorsal constriction behind them. The complete

absence of any trace of ocelli is such ap exceptional character, that

I have taken care to verify it in a number of specimens and under

the most favorable optical conditions. Otherwise Vellica is closely

allied to Tilea, differing in the small size of the body, narrower and

more convex form and non-explanate sides of the pronotum.

402 Coleopterological Notices, V.

TILEA Fauvel.

Phleopterus Mots. i. litt.; Phlwopterus Csy., olim.

This is the most conspicuous of the endemic North American

genera of Omalini, although probably occurring also in Siberia; I

believe there is no record of its having been taken there, however.

The two species previously assigned by me to Phleopterus—an

erroneous quotation of Phleopterus Mots. i. ]1.—belong in reality

to Tilea, which has the fourth joint of the maxillary palpi, not one-

half longer than the third as stated in the original description, but

about twice as long as the third in the female, and often distinctly

longer, especially in the male.

The sexes differ but very little in general appearance, the female

is however usually a little larger, relatively broader, and often with

the elytra distinctly longer, and the male has the anterior tarsi

slightly stouter toward base. The sixth ventral segment in the

male is more or less sinuately or arcuately truncate, but is longer

and parabolically rounded in the female.

There are a number of distinct species of Tilea in North America,

all confined to the true Pacific fauna, which descends to some extent

also from the north along the crests of the Rocky Mountains indefi-.

nitely to the southward. Of T. cavicollis Fvl. I have examined

two specimens, one forming part apparently of the original lot from

Vancouver, and the other taken in the high sierras of California ;

it differs distinctly from longipalpus in its narrower form and in

thoracic structure.

The seven species thus far discovered may be readily distin-

guished as follows :—

Elytra long, always distinctly more than twice as long as the prothorax ; body

black or piceous-black.

Femora paier toward base, 6.75 mm. Unalaska Island....... fusScoOmigra

Femora not paler toward base. California to Rancoan en,

Prothorax strongly transverse.

Sides of the pronotum broadly, feebly reflexed behind the fovea but

only very narrowly and feebly declivo-subexplanate from the lateral

angles to the apex ; ag oe smaller when compared with the

ely tra Oe Uae nanan aetnes cect ; Bre cisiacan .cavicollis

Sides of the pinhead aap concave seid ee ratlesed continu-

ously from the apical angles to the base, more broadly behind the

fovea; form distinctly broader, the prothorax nearly as wide as the

CLV TTA Do inves sencceisss acorns sesince veeaesiphe iene soe'ssh ten cco ODM MED AN EDEN

Coleopterological Notices, V. 403

Prothorax much smaller and only slightly wider than long, perfectly

similar in the two sexes.

Larger species, the elytra each strongly rounded at apex; hypomera

narrow, much less than one-half as wide as the distance thence tothe

cox; tempora not one-third as long as the eye—% ..... rufitarsis

Smaller, the elytra narrower, each subtruncate at apex, the lateral

angles much less broadly rounded and oblique; hypomera fully one-

half as wide as the distance thence to the coxe# ; tempora nearly one-

half as long as the eye and more prominent than in rujfitarsis—% .

filicornis

Elytra short, always distinctly less than twice as long as the prothorax ; color

of body paler, castaneous throughout. Rocky Mts.

Head strongly and densely punctate throughout; antenne with the inter-

mediate joints more than three times as long as wide, more finely and

densely pubescent; sides of the prothorax oblique and very feebly,

broadly sinuate from the lateral angles to the base; large species, the

male with the sixth segment sinuato-trunvate at apex—4.

brevipennis

Head minutely and remotely punctate especially toward the middle ;

antennze with the joints rather shorter and more coarsely pubescent ;

sides of the prothorax very strongly constricted behind, deeply sinuate,

becoming subparallel toward base; male with the sixth segment some-

what lobed in the middle, the anterior tarsi more noticeably dilated ; size

PENCHANT A 500 ano.s'ov asics cies 'asalssiajeselaeeinoe sles aeicee seeessoes senor CAS TAMER

It is possible that fusconigra Makl. may be the same as cavicollis

or longipalpus, but considering the remote locality and the undoubted

plurality of species in the genus, the chances are decidedly against

such identity.

T. rufitarsis n.sp.—Rather shining, black throughout, the trochanters

and tips of the coxe feebly rufescent; pubescence dense, suberect, consisting

of longer stiffer and more erect, and shorter and finer hairs, confusedly inter-

mingled especially on the elytra. Head finely, densely punctate, distantly

biimpressed between the eyes, transversely impressed between the antenne,

the latter slender, filiform, black, not at all incrassate, more than one-half

as long as the body, the joints fully three times as long as wide and feebly

obconical ; eyes well developed, prominent; tempora very short; ocelli small,

separated by two-fifths the entire width ; fourth palpal joint one-half longer

than the second and much more than twice as long as the third in both sexes.

Prothorax small, one-third wider than long, widest and laterally subangulate

at two-fifths from the apex; sides thence to the base convergent and evenly

sinuate throughout, to the apex more feebly convergent and broadly arcuate ;

basal angles nearly right but slightly blunt; disk finely, densely punctate,

even though feebly distantly and obliquely biimpressed at basal third, and

with a large deep impression at each side at the middle; surface anteriorly

broadly, evenly convex from one lateral edge to the other, the side margins

404 Coleopterological Notices, V.

not at all explanate even near the basal angles. lytra in the male two and

one-half times as long as the prothorax, in the female nearly three times as

long, longer than wide, near the apex almost twice as wide as the prothorax ;

sides nearly straight, feebly divergent, external apical angles very broadly

rounded and oblique; punctures fine but strong, dense. Scutellum more

finely and extremely densely punctate. Abdomen very short behind the elytra,

extremely minutely, densely punctulate. Zegs slender. Length 6.0-6.3 mm. ;

width 2.3-2.6 mm.

California (Siskiyou Co.)..

The male has the intermediate tibize very feebly swollen, slightly

constricted in apical fourth, the constricted part glabrous; in the

female the same tibize are more slender and have the glabrous ter-

minal part scarcely at all constricted but occupying almost one-third

of the total length. Three specimens.

T. brevipennis n. sp.—Strongly shining, castaneous, the legs and

coxe paler, rufous; pubescence fine, moderate in length, abundant and uni-

form. Head finely, densely punctate, nearly as in rufitarsis, the fourth palpal

joint fully twice as long as the third and one-half longer than the second ;

antenne very slender, filiform, rufous, three-fifths as long as the body, the

joints very elongate, scarcely perceptibly obconical, the tenth very nearly

three times as long as wide. Prothorax one-half wider than long and one-half

wider than the head, widest and obtusely subangulate at the sides just before

the middle; sides thence to the base convergent and feebly sinuate, becoming

more sinuate only extremely near the basal angles which are right and not

blunt, to the apex feebly convergent and slightly arcuate; apex feebly bisinu-

ate; disk finely, closely punctate, not at all impressed on the disk near the

base, the lateral impression large but only moderately deep ; sides broadly,

feebly reflexed from the hind angles past the fovea to apical fourth. lytra

not quite as long as wide, four fifths longer than the prothorax, and, near the

apex, two-fifths wider than the latter; sides nearly straight and divergent

from the exposed but rounded humeri nearly to the apex; disk strongly,

moderately densely punctate. Abdomen short, very minutely, densely pune-

tulate. Legs very long and slender. Length 6.5 mm.; width 2.6 mm.

Wyoming.

The single male before me has the intermediate tibie slender and

almost evenly cylindrical, with the glabrous apical part extremely

short and not in the least constricted, differing greatly in this re-

spect from rufitarsis.

T. castanea n.sp.—Less broad, strongly shining; castaneous; legs and

antenne ruto-testaceous ; pubescence fine, dense, uniform and inclined. Head

finely punctate, sparsely so toward the middle, otherwise as in rufitarsis but

with rather longer and more angulate tempora; antenne filiform, three-fifths

Coleopterological Notices, V. 405

as long as the body, stouter than in brevipennis, the outer joints more strongly

obconical, the tenth scarcely more than twice as long as wide. Prothorax

minutely but closely, strongly and evenly punctate, evenly convex, nearly

as in brevipennis but with the sides broadly constricted toward base, becoming

nearly parallel for some distance before the basal angles, which are right and

not blunt; base broadly, feebly sinuate, narrower than the apex, the latter

feebly bisinuate; disk simply feebly subexplanate from the fovea to the basal

angles, not in the least reflexed, declivous to the edge from the lateral obtuse

angulations to the apex; lateral fovee large and very deep, the bottom punc-

tiform. Scutellum large, very densely and more finely punctate. lytra as

long as wide, not quite twice as long as the prothorax, and, near the apex,

about one-fourth wider; humeri broadly rounded to the base of the prothorax,

but slightly exposed at base; sides straight, divergent; disk strongly, evenly,

moderately closely punctate. Aldomen subobsoletely punctulate. Leys moder-

ate in length, stouter and shorter than in brevipennis. Length 4.7-5.0 mm. ;

width 1.9-2.0 min.

Colorado.

The two specimens represent a species allied to brevipennis but

differing in the much smaller size, relatively longer elytra, stouter

antenne and legs, deeper pronotal impressions and unreflexed lateral

edges of the pronotum, as well as in the sparser, finer punctures of

the head and the male sexual characters at the ventral apex. The

anterior tarsi of the male are more strongly dilated toward base

than in brevipennis, and both the anterior and intermediate are

papillose beneath. As in ru/fitarsis the elytra are distinctly longer

in the female than in the male.

OROBANUS LeConte.

In view of the radical difference in palpal structure, the approxima-

tion of this genus to Lesteva is very remarkable. It resembles Les-

teva in the very slender cylindrical posterior tarsi, with the basal joint

subequal to the next two, in the filiform antenne, duplex labrum,

and in general appearance, but the spinules of the tibie are replaced

by a few long slender flexible sete, and the maxillary palpi are short

stout and densely pubescent, with the fourth joint small slender and

subulate. ‘The pronotum is feebly impressed at the sides, thus con-

forming partially to the general law affecting all the Californian

allies of Lesteva. The three species may be separated as follows:—

Eyes smaller, subequal in size to the tempora and not more prominent; out-

line and humeri as in rufipes. Rocky Mts.................. SilmUlator Lec.

406 Coleopterological Notices, V.

Eyes larger, much longer and more prominent than the tempora.

Elytra with the sides strongly divergent from the humeri, which are

obliquely rounded to the prothorax. Pacific fauna..........rufippes Csy.

Elytra with the sides feebly divergent, the humeri much more broadly ex-

posed, becoming transverse at base near the prothorax. Sonoran fauna.

densus Csy.

All of these species are minutely, very densely punctate and

pubescent.

' GEODROMICUS Redt.

The members of this genus include some of the larger of the

Omalini and are abundant in the western parts of North America.

As remarked by Mr. Fauvel, the form of the body recalls Lesteva,

or, it might be added, Orobanus, rather than Anthophagus with

which the species were united by Gemminger and Harold; in the

structure of the palpi they are somewhat intermediate between

Orobanus and Anthophagus and differ greatly from Lesteva. The

posterior tarsi, however, with the first four joints short and stout,

together scarcely longer than the fifth, will at once distinguish the

genus from Anthophagus. At the same time, integer, although

perfectly normal in tarsal and palpal structure, seems to diverge in

the direction of Anthophagus in the form of the prothorax, and a

divergence in the same direction is also observable in the tarsus of

_ debilis.

The American species known to me may be distinguished by, the

following characters :—

Prothorax never transversely quadrangular, the disk not at all explanate

near the hind angles.

Pronotum with a more or less distinct impression along the median line, the

prothorax often much larger and of a different form in the male; last

joint of the maxillary palpi longer, subulate and much narrower than

the apex of the third, although frequently nearly as long as the latter.

Larger species, pale castaneous, clouded with blackish toward the apices

of the elytra, the abdomen la and with a large blackish subapical

cloud. Atlantic regions. ala sua Sin ditcamets aalmaseelatetea’ omiatsaiete . bDrunneus

Simaller, the abdomen pees or eral chtlee piceous and sito in coloration.

Sides of the prothorax deeply sinuate posteriorly, becoming subparallel

near the base.

Pronotum strongly and closely punctate, the prothorax much larger

in the male than in the female.

Elytra more finely, moderately densely punctate; anterior tibice

of the male slender, nearly equal in diameter throughout, fully

twice as long as the tarsi, the latter moderately dilated.

strictus

Coleopterological Notices, V. 407

Elytra more coarsely deeply and sparsely punctate; antenne

stouter ; anterior tibize of the male shorter, thick, narrowed

near the base and less than twice as long as the tarsi, the latter

MONE OMNES icsfaan ven cavlesaicedsies eotvensenecd Garccnwunqetenioec ons. MAU WORE

Pronotum more ane feebly ina ae more Bavaeiye punctured ;

discal parts of the elytra more or less indefinitely clouded with

a paler rufescent tinge.

Elytra shorter, with the sides very strongly divergent, coarsely,

very sparsely punctate; abdomen with five exposed segments ;

border very wide; size larger, the form broader— 9.

| ovipennis

Elytra Jonger, the sides less divergent ; punctures finer and more

abundant; abdomen with scarcely more than four exposed

segments ; border narrower— 9 .... ods .nubilatus

Sides of the prothorax oblique and acu er “isa the base

relatively wider ; small species, pale flavescent in color, the punctua-

tion fine and sparse; elytra small, much shorter than wide; tarsi

longer and more slender.. smnon ponent absden cao condoauen es . debilis

Pronotum without trace of an a rected ibaa jie, alnioet ea de in the

male and female; body intense polished black throughout. California.

Tempora rounded but rather prominent and subrectangular; prothorax

wider than long; punctures smaller and closer; last joint of the

antenne much longer than the tenth.........................- ¢emporalis

Tempora very convergent and broadly rounded, not at all prominent ;

prothorax not distinctly wider than long, nearly as in Orobanus but

more convex; punctures strong and sparse; last joint of the antenne

only just visibly longer than the tenth; last joint of the maxillary

Palpismaller ......... ccc esses eee cee cee cee cee cev cessor cos ces MR UIE DOMUICianUS

Prothorax transverse, ae as in Mane uliacue. ne aan but feebly conver-

gent behind and very feebly, broadly sinuate; surface explanate toward the

hind angles; last joint of the maxillary palpi short, subulate; posterior

HASM SMOG STOUL ANG MOPMAL 00.2.0 ccs seaveccescecrecece ssoecesccececsecee ses MMMCCZER

G. brunneus Say.—Journ. Ac. Phila., III, p. 158; verticalis Say: Trans.

Am. Phil. Soc., IV, p. 463; cwsus Er.: Gen. Staph., p. 853.

It is somewhat remarkable that Erichson should have failed to

recognize in his cesus the species described by Say as brunneus,

for the cloud of black near the apex of the tergum, in connection

with the size of the body—slightly under a quarter of an inch or

6 mm.—is very characteristic of the species. Verticalis is prob-

ably a smaller female specimen, the great difference in form of the

male and female prothorax possibly not having been noticed by

Say.

408 Coleopterological Notices, V.

G. strictus Fvl.—Rev. d’Ent., 1889, p. 126; nigrita Fvl. nec Miill.: Not.

Ent., 7, 1878, p. 90.

Abundant from New York and Massachusetts to Michigan,

Easily known by its black polished integuments and smaller size

from brunneus, the only other species inhabiting the same districts.

G. fauveli n. sp.—Stout, feebly convex, polished, dark and uniform

piceo-castaneous throughout; pubescence short and very sparse. Head finely

and sparsely punctate, three-fourths as wide as the prothorax; eyes large and

prominent, the tempora not one-half as long, rapidly convergent and feebly

arcuate; vertex deeply impressed in the middle and with two short deep

divergent grooves ; epistoma impunctate, deeply, arcuately impressed, the de-

pression connected with the vertical impression by a feeble channel; antenne

filiform but rather stout, nearly three-fifths as long as the body, the basal

joint stout, twice as long as wide, second shorter than the fourth, third very

much longer, obconical, three times as long as wide, eleventh one-half longer

than the tenth. Prothoraz one-half wider than long, the sides strongly, evenly

rounded, rapidly constricted toward base, becoming parallel in basal fifth or

sixth; base truncate, one-third wider than the apex; disk widest before the

middle, deeply, rather coarsely and closely punctate, deeply impressed along

the median line except near the apex, with a deep transverse pit before the

scutellum. L/ytra scarcely as long as wide, as long as the head and prothorax,

_ hear the apex two-fifths wider than the latter; sides straight, strongly diver-

gent; humeri widely exposed ; humeral width scarcely four-fifths of the sub-

apical; punctures coarse, deep and not dense. Abdomen finely but not very

densely punctate; border moderate. Legs and coxe pale rufo-ferruginous ;

under surface blackish-piceous. Length 5.8 mm.; width 2.0 mm.

Oregon (The Dalles).

Allied to strictus but amply distinct in its broader form, much

more divergent sides of the-elytra, longer and stouter antenne,

and the sexual differences in the anterior legs, which are very

marked. <A single male.

G. ovipennis Lec.—Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., 1878, IV, ii, p. 452; Fvl.:

Not. Ent., 7, p. 89; plagiatus Fvl. nec Fab.: Rev. d’Ent., 1889, p. 125.

The specimens of ovipennis which I have examined can be distin-

guished very readily I think from plagiatus or nigrita by their

broader form, much sparser punctures which are coarser on the

elytra, the latter being much more abbreviated, and by the broader

abdominal border. I have seen no North American examples

which could be referred very satisfactorily to plagiatus.

G. nubilatus n. sp.—Polished black with a feeble piceous tinge, the

apex and lateral margins of the abdomen slightly paler; legs, mouth parts

Coleopterological Notices, V. 409

and antenne ferruginous ; elytra each with a rufescent cloud from near the

humerus to the middle; pubescence fine, subrecumbent, sparse but rather

long. Head fully four-fifths as wide as the prothorax, deeply impressed and

bistriate in the middle between the eyes, the epistomal depression scarcely

connected by a groove; eyes large, very convex, the tempora scarcely more

than one-half as long, very convergent, broadly arcuate; antenne three-fifths

as long as the body, moderately stout, the outer joints not quite three times

as long as wide, equal, eleventh one-half longer than the tenth. Prothorax

not quite one-third wider than long, widest at apical third; sides strongly

constricted behind, becoming abruptly parallel in basal fifth or sixth; base

truncate, much wider than the apex; disk finely, very sparsely punctate,

feebly but distinctly impressed along the median line from the apical margin

to the deep transverse antebasal fovea. Liytra not quite as long as wide, dis-

tinctly longer than the head and prothorax ; humeri broadly exposed; sides

moderately divergent ; cuter apical angles rather broadly rounded ; disk not

coarsely, somewhat sparsely punctate, broadly impressed along the suture

toward base. Abdomen barely as wide as the elytra and much shorter,

polished, finely, sparsely punctulate ; border moderate. Length 4.4 mm.;

width 1.55 mm.

New Mexico (Las Vegas).

Distinguishable from ovipennis by its smaller size, longer elytra

with much less divergent sides and many other characters. The

fourth joint of the maxillary-palpi in the single female before me

is very nearly as long as the third, fusiform and gradually pointed,

and by this character, as well as the stouter antenne and much

finer, sparser punctures of the head and pronotum, it can be readily

separated from plagiatus or any of its varieties.

In the female of ovipennis the humeral width of the elytra is not

more than three-fourths of the subapical, while in nubilatus the

ratio is fully four-fifths.

G. debilis n. sp.—Highly polished, very sparsely and rather coarsely |

pubescent, pale flavo-testaceous, the head a little less pale and the abdomen

picescent. Head scarcely visibly narrower than the prothorax, the eyes

small, strongly convex, scarcely longer but very much more prominent than

the tempora; surface very finely, remotely punctate, the median impression

and diverging lines distinct, not connected with the strong epistomal depres-

sion ; ocelli extremely feeble; fourth joint of the maxillary palpi almost as

long as, but much narrower than, the obconical third; antenne rather stout,

filiform, three-fifths as long as the body, the tenth joint twice as long as wide,

three-fifths as long as the eleventh. Prothorax scarcely visibly wider than

long, rounded at the sides anteriorly, feebly, gradually narrowed. behind,

feebly constricted at basal fourth; disk finely, very remotely punctate, with

a median impression attaining neither the apex nor the subbasal transverse

fovea. Slytra small, three-fourths longer than the prothorax, and, near the

Annas N. Y. Acap. Sci., VII, Nov. 1893.—27

410 Coleopterological Notices, V.

apex, twice as wide; sides nearly straight, very strongly divergent ; humeral’

width scarcely more than two-thirds of the subapical; punctures rather

strong but sparse. Abdomen well exposed, as wide as the elytra and rather

longer, finely but not densely punctulate, the border moderate. Length 4.0

mm.; width 1.5 mm.

Colorado.

The type appears to be a female, but the ventral apex is concealed

so that I cannot be entirely certain. The tarsi are aberrant, the

first three joints of the posterior more elongate than usual and de-

creasing uniformly, the third and fourth subequal, fifth distinctly

shorter than the first four together—a variation in the direction of

Anthophagus. This species is altogether distinct from any other

in its small size, small eyes, almost obsolete ocelli; small elytra

and many other characters.

G.temporalis n. sp.—Moderately broad and depressed, polished, black

throughout; legs, palpi and antennz black ; pubescence rather fine, sparse,

of the usual length, shorter and much more abundant on the abdomen. Head

distinctly narrower than the prothorax, the eyes large and strongly convex ;

tempora unusually strongly rounded but much less prominent than the eyes ;

vertexal impression distinct, the oblique grooves rather distant; epistomal

depression large and strong; last joint of the maxillary palpi very much

Shorter and narrower than the third; antenne filiform, rather more than one-

-half as long as the body, the outer joints strongly obconical, three times as

long as wide, eleventh two-fifths longer than the tenth. Prothorax very

‘slightly wider than long, widest at apical third where the sides are very

evenly, strongly rounded to the apex, moderately convergent and feebly

sinuate in basal three-fifths; base truncate, a little wider than the apex;

disk strongly, rather closely, evenly punctate, with the usual median ante-

basal impression. Elytra about as long as wide, twice as long as the prothorax

and four-fifths wider; sides feebly divergent-from ‘the transversely exposed

humeri, the humeral width fully four-fifths of the subapical; disk very feebly,

‘broadly impressed on the suture toward base as usual, strongly and somewhat

closely punctate. Abdomen with about four and one-half exposed segments, a

‘little shorter than the elytra and equally wide; border wide ; stomata distinct.

Legs rather short and somewhat stout; tibie gradually enlarged and more

densely pubescent from base to apex ; tarsi short, normal. Length 5.7-5.9

<mm.; width 1.75 mm.

California (Sonoma Co. ).

The description is drawn from the male, which has the sixth ven-

‘tral feebly sinuato-truncate at apex and the antcrior tarsi strongly

dilated. The female differs extremely little in general appearance,

having the prothorax relatively smaller but identical in shape.

‘Three specimens.

Coleopterological Notices, V. 41]

On the disk of the pronotum two very broad feeble parallel im-

pressions can be discerned behind the middle, which unite with the

transverse subbasal fovea; these impressions are analogous to those

of Anthophagus alpestris Heer, and perhaps some other species ;

here, however, the disk is very convex and resembles Orobanus in

outline, being not at all suggestive of Anthophagus in these re-

spects. ‘

G. humboldtianus n. sp.—Depressed, highly polished, deep black ;

coxe and tarsi rufescent; antenne black; integuments strongly and sparsely

punctate, the abdomen minutely and densely so; pubescence sparse, suberect,

uniform and coarse, moderately long, short subrecumbent and dense on the

abdomen. Head as wide as the prothorax, as wide as long, strongly constricted

at base, the constriction as usual extending sharply across the dorsal surface,

where it is broadly, anteriorly angulate; surface with a deep depression in

median third between the eyes, limited laterally by oblique excavated lines,

arcuately impressed between the antennae, the epistoma impunctate; ocelli

on a line with the posterior limits of the eyes distant by less than one-third of

the total width ; eyes well developed, convex and very prominent; tempora

shorter, not at all prominent, convergent and arcuate; antenne slender, fili-

form, nearly three-fifths as long as the body, the joints fully three times as

long as wide. JProthorax nearly as long as wide, the sides evenly rounded,

becoming convergent and sinuate posteriorly, subparallel in basal fourth ; base

truncate, rather wider than the apex; disk widest at apical third, strongly,

evenly convex, impressed in the middle near the base. Elytra twice as long

as the prothorax, and, near the apex, twice as wide; humeri rather broadly

exposed, rounded; sides straight and strongly divergent; humeral width

three-fourths of the subapical; disk broadly, feebly impressed in the middle

toward base. Abdomen with nearly four exposed segments, shorter than the

elytra; border wide, moderately inclined. Legs long and rather slender,

finely, densely pubescent; posterior tarsi less than two-fifths as long as the

tibie ; claws long, slender, arcuate. Length 4.4 mm.; width 1.65 mm.

California (Humboldt Co.).

The type is a male, having the sixth ventral short and broadly

emarginate throughout at apex, the median segment of the seventh

with a thin laminate carina in the middle toward base; anterior

tarsi moderately dilated. I obtained the unique representative on

the under side of a small loose stone in the dry bed of a rivulet

near Fort Gaston.

This species differs from ¢emporalis in its smaller size, still sparser

and stronger punctuation, less prominent and more convergent tem-

pora, and in the very strong median lamina of the seventh ventral,

which is completely wanting in temporalis.

412 Coleopterological Notices, V.

G. integer n. sp.—Broad, more parallel, feebly convex, polished, black

throughout; tarsi, tibie toward tip and femora toward base feebly rufescent ;

pubescence moderate in length, inclined, rather abundant and distinct. Head

scarcely more than two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, the eyes prominent ;

tempora short, strongly convergent and arcuate; median impression wide, the

oblique grooves distant ; a median impressed channel connects the large deep

epistomal depression ; last joint of the maxillary palpi subulate, very much

narrower than the third and only one-half as long; antenne filiform, three-

fifths as long as the body, the joints very long, just visibly obconical, rather

more than three times as long as wide, the eleventh but slightly longer than

the tenth. Prothorax one-fourth wider than long, the sides evenly rounded

anteriorly, feebly convergent and broadly, just visibly sinuate in basal half;

base truncate, very wide, nearly one-half wider than the apex; disk evenly,

broadly convex, rather strongly, closely punctate, feebly explanate at the

hind angles, without distinct median impressed line and devoid of ante-basal

fovea. lytra nearly as long as wide, two-thirds longer than the prothorax,

and, near the apex, two-fifths wider; humeri very slightly exposed at base,

the humeral width but slightly exceeding that of the prothorax and about

five-sixths of the subapical; sides noticeably divergent ; outer apical angles

rather broadly rounded ; disk finely, rather sparsely but distinctly punctate.

Abdomen scarcely as wide as the elytra and much shorter, with five exposed

segments, minutely, sparsely punctate, the border moderate. Legs moderate

in length and thickness; tarsi normal. Length 6.0-6.3 mm.; width 2.3 mm.

Washington State. .

The male, which serves as the type, differs from the female only

in its larger prothorax, the latter being however identical in shape ;

in the female the elytra are nearly twice as long as the prothorax

and three-fourths wider. The male has the sixth ventral rather

deeply sinuate at apex throughout the width, and the anterior tarsi

strongly dilated. |

PELECOMALIUM Casey.

This genus will include nearly all the North American species

hitherto assigned to Amphichroum, and differs radically and con-

stantly from the latter in the structure of the tarsi. The tarsi

throughout have the penultimate joint deeply bilobed and clothed

beneath with long papillose pubescence; in Amphichroum they are

slender, compressed, with the penultimate joint not at all wider

and devoid of all trace of lobes, the fifth joint being inserted at its

obliquely truncate apex. In the present genus the intermediate

cox are contiguous, while in Amphichroum they are narrowly

but perceptibly separated.

Mere

Coleopterological Notices, V. 413

Pelecomalium also differs from Amphichroum in a singular palpal

character, the sexual nature of which I did not notice until shortly

after my original description appeared, and which lead to the assign-

ment of the two sexes of modestum to different genera. In the male

the fourth palpal joint is strongly securiform, while in the female it

is slender, slightly compressed and gradually somewhat obliquely

narrowed to the apex, where it is very narrowly but obliquely

truncate. In Amphichroum there are no discoverable sexual differ-

ences in the palpi, the last joint of which is stouter toward base

and prolonged slender and cylindrical toward apex, differing no-

ticeably from the form characterizing either sex of Pelecomalium.

To Amphichroum there are but two described North American

Species assignable at present, viz.: maculatum Lec. (Stachy-

graphis) which is quite homologous with canaliculatum, and

floribundum Lec. (= flavicorne Csy. 2), which is slightly aber-

rant in sculpture and in its much longer and more slender maxil-

lary palpi, agreeing however otherwise. I have in my cabinet a

female taken at Lake Tahoe in June, which differs from the male

of maculatum, as figured by Dr. Horn, in its broader form, much

shorter and wider prothorax and uniformly flavate elytra; there

is no way of proving its identity, but in view of the limited

number of specific forms assignable to Amphichroum in both con-

tinents, and of the fact that in floribundum and some species of

Pelecomalium the female is notably paler as well as broader than

the male, I think there can be little doubt that it is the female of

maculatum.

The species are rather closely allied among themselves but may

possibly be identified by the following tabular statement :—

Punctures of the elytra more or less sparse, never extremely dense.

Species of the Pacific coast fauna.

Larger, not less than 4 mm. in length; pronotum more or less alutaceous

and subimpunctate.

Prothorax transverse, fully one-half wider than long inthe male; body

flavate, immaculate, the head and abdomen blackish...testaceum

’ Prothorax subquadrate, scarcely one-third wider than long in the male,

testaceous, the head and abdomen black; elytra each with a large

elongate discal spot of black beyond the middle........bDinotatum

Smaller, always much less than 4 mm. in length.

Elytra extremely sparsely and obsoletely punctulate, the punctures

scarcely distinguishable; surface throughout highly polished.

sparsum

414 Coleopterological Notices, V.

Elytral punctures distinct and much less sparse.

Abdomen black.

Elytra piceo-fuscous........... ee ..pilosellum |

Elytra flavate, with a “awed eentaller eat of blackish.

scutatum

Elytra clear and uniform pale flavate throughout.

puberulum

Abdomen flavate, more or less clouded with piceous toward the middle

and apex; elytral punctures very strong...............flaVeSCens

Species of the Atlantic region. Polished; prothorax transverse, subimpunc-

tate; elytra piceous in the male, with paler side margins, frequently

wholly flavate in the female, the punctures sparse, feeble and ill-defined.

lzvicolle

Punctures of the elytra exceedingly dense.

Elytra normal, large, one-half or more longer than the prothorax.

Dark in color, the sides of the elytra sometimes feebly and indefinitely

paler and the lateral and basal edges of the pronotum testaceous.

Ocelli small, clearly defined, more prominent and less distant.

Prothorax in the female less transverse, two-fifths wider than long,

more strongly narrowed toward apex, the sides more narrowly fiat

and explanate near the basal angles; elytra in that sex one-half

longer than the prothorax........... onoon . Opaculum

Prothorax in the female one ey fifths ines than long, less

narrowed toward apex and with the sides of the disk near the

basal angles more broadly concave and reflexed; elytra in that sex

nearly three-fourths longer than the prothorax (veterator Csy. 9 ).

modestum

Ocelli large, suffused and distinctly more distant; pronotum more

strongly punctate; antennz noticeably more incrassate.

crassicorne

Pale in color and more rufous; elytra often feebly infumate along the

apex ; abdomen blackish ; pronotum very pra and distinctly punc-

tate nearly like the elytra............ bo . pallidum

Elytra small, quadrate, arene es ars one- s half lanes than the pro-

thorax ; body dark, piceous-black in color, the sides of the elytra and

base and side margin of the pronotum in basal two-thirds paler.

alutaceum

The Australian species assigned to Amphichroum, with their

transverse antennal joints, will in all probability also have to be

separated generically.

P. flavescems n. sp.—Rather broad, depressed, polished throughout,

flavate, the abdomen black ; posterior portions of the head piceous; antenne

feebly infumate toward apex; pubescence very minute, sparse and incon-

spicuous. Head one-half as wide as the elytra, slightly wider than long; eyes

convex, well developed ; vertex and front flattened, the two divergent grooves

Coleopterological Notices, V. 415

of the former distinct; antenne slender, cylindrical, very feebly incrassate,

one-half as long as the body, all the joints elongate, the eleventh cylindrical

in basal half, thence conical to the pointed apex. Prothorax transverse, one-

half wider than long, the sides broadly, almost evenly arcuate; apex four-

fifths as wide as the base; disk impunctate but with small scattered punctures

near the basal margin, broadly, feebly convex, even, just visibly flattened

before the scutellum, narrowly explanate along the sides. Scutellum trian-

gular, polished, impunctate. Llytra ample, quadrate, at base as wide as the

prothorax, three-fourths longer; sides nearly straight, feebly divergent from

base to apex; disk with sparse, evenly distributed and very distinct punc-

tures. Abdomen fully as wide as the elytra but scarcely as long, sparsely and

extremely feebly punctulate, the border wide, feebly delimited and more

densely punctate. Legs moderate. Length 2.2-3.3mm.; width 0.85-1.3 mm.

California (Lake Tahoe).

The male characters, other than palpal, are very feeble, the gene-

ral form of the body and length and structure of the antenne being

nearly identical in the two sexes; the fourth palpal joint is very

strongly securiform, and the intermediate tibiee are broadly and

just visibly sinuate within. The tibize are very feebly and sparsely

spinulose. Ten specimens.

P. pallidum n. sp.—Somewhat broad, feebly convex, shining though

feebly alutaceous, flavate; abdomen black; elytra feebly clouded with piceous

especially toward apex; head testaceous; antenne blackish in apical half;

pubescence short but abundant throughout. Head coarsely reticulate but

with only a few very fine and remote punctures, flattened above; vertex

feebly, obliquely bistriate ; eyes well developed ; antennz very feebly incras-

sate, cylindrical, rather more than one-half as long as the body, all the joints

longer than wide, eleventh cylindrical in basal, and conical in apical, half.

Prothorax transverse, almost two-thirds wider than long ; sides rather strongly,

nearly evenly arcuate; basal angles obtuse and rounded; apex truncate,

three-fourths as wide as the base; disk feebly convex, narrowly explanate at

the sides, much more obliquely and broadly so toward base, almost perfectly

even, finely, densely punctate and rather coarsely reticulate, shining. lytra

ample, scarcely as long as wide, at base subequal in width to the prothorax,

two-thirds (%) to three-fourths (2) longer than the latter; sides nearly

straight, feebly divergent from base to apex; disk flat, abruptly convex and

declivous at the sides, finely, very densely punctate but shining. Abdomen

shining, very feebly punctulate; border wide, the dividing line very fine.

Legs moderate; femora broad ; tibiew slender, finely and extremely sparsely

spinulose. Length 2.3-2.6 mm.; width 0.8-1.0 mm.

California (Lake Tahoe); Nevada (Reno).

Easily distinguishable from the others of Fauvel’s ‘‘ Section B,”

by the pale coloration. The sexual differences in general form are

416 Coleopterological Notices, V.

very slight, but as usual the head is a little larger and the protho-

rax a trifle less transverse in the male than in the female; in the

former sex the fourth palpal joint is strongly and normally securi-

form, and the intermediate tibiz broadly and distinctly sinuate

within just beyond the middle. Fifteen specimens, almost uniform

in size and coloration.

LATHRIMAUM Erichs.

The species of Lathrimzum are rather abundant in the western

parts of North America, but only one has been thus far recorded

from the Atlantic regions. The seven representatives in my cabinet

may be very readily distinguished as follows :—

Pronotum distinctly impressed along the median line except toward base.

Elytra flavate, each strongly, obliquely bimaculate with piceous-black, not

modified at apex in the female; size larger.

Prothorax shorter aud broader, more Pe arcuate at the sides ; strial

intervals of the elytra convex. sesecvceeecseceveeeeees SUVDCOStA TUM

Prothorax smaller, feebly See on the ie: ; nelytre smoother, the

strial intervals not distinctly CONVEX .........ceceecececeeesceeeee ees PRLCCUIM

Elytra nearly uniform in coloration.

Larger species, never much less than 3 mm. in length, with the oblique

discal impressions near the base of the pronotum nearly obsolete ;

apices of the elytra obliquely produced in the female.

Narrower, castaneous; prothorax three-fourths wider than long, feebly

rounded at the sides ; elytra much longer than wide.

fimetarium

Broad, piceous-black ; prothorax twice as wide as long, strongly rounded

at the sides; elytra but Bye longer than wide, the apices less

Se ee . Migropiceum

Small species, never much more than 9 mm. in foo the two approxi-

mate oblique impressions near the base of the pronotum very deep

and distinct, coalescent.

Prothorax very transverse, strongly and extremely widely reflexed at

the sides; antennez more slender, one-half as long as the body: color

pale browmish-flavater. «tes tone osc seelscptessste tar aves .reflexicolle

Prothorax narrower, less pean, vonowd at ne see antenne shorter,

more incrassate toward tip; color piceous-black.............$pretum

Pronotum not impressed along the median line; surface even ; elytra short,

not more than twice as long as the prothorax......................- SOrdiduim

produced in the female..

Of sordidum I have before me a single mutilated specimen from

Fredericksburg, Virginia; it is remarkably distinct; the oblique

impressions of the pronotum are obsolete in this example, and the

Coleopterological Notices, V. ALT

scutellum has a few coarse punctures. The species previously de-

scribed by me as humerale (Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci., II. p. 243) is

the same as subcostatum.

L. nigropiceum 01. sp.—Oblong, broad, rather convex, polished, gla-

brous and dark blackish-piceous throughout, the lateral edges of the pronotum

and elytra slightly paler from diaphaneity ; legs but slightly paler; antenne

black, with one or two basal joints paler. Head short, transverse, scarcely

more than one-half as wide as the prothorax, broadly, feebly, longitudinally

biimpressed, the ocelli at the feeble nuchal constriction separated by two-fifths

of the entire width; eyes well developed; antenne as long as the head and

prothorax, gradually rather strongly incrassate, outer joints wider than long.

Prothorax very short, fully twice as wide as long, the sides strongly, evenly

arcuate; base transverse, wider than the apex; disk coarsely, strongly,

rather densely and unevenly punctate, very broadly explanate at the sides

and with the usual sublateral impression just before the middle; oblique

subbasal impressions feeble but distinct. Hlytra very slightly longer than

wide, a little wider than the prothorax and more than three times as long;

sides parallel and broadly, feebly arcuate. Abdomen entirely covered by the

elytra. Legs rather short, moderately slender. Length 2.7-3.3 mm.; width

1.5-1.8 mm.

California (Sta. Cruz Co.).

The three specimens in my cabinet are females, and may be dis-

tinguished at once from the corresponding sex of fimetarium by

the dark color, shorter, broader form, and by the sculpture of the

elytra which, though similar in general to that of fimetarium, is

more closely and unevenly punctate, the difference in size between

the minute punctures of the intervals and the coarser sculpture of

the series being much more marked than in that species.

L. reflexicolle n. sp.—Oblong, convex, very broad, polished, pale

brownish-flavate, the head and elytra feebly picescent, the latter paler at the

humeri and along the lateral margins. Head wider than long, rather large,

fully three-fifths as wide as the prothorax, strongly, rugosely punctate toward

base but finely and sparsely so anteriorly; ocelli distant by two-fifths the

width ; eyes well developed ; nuchal constriction subobsolete; antenne slen-

der, feebly incrassate, the sixth joint nearly twice as long as wide, eighth

distinctly longer than wide, teuth scarcely wider than long. Prothorax rather

more than twice as wide as long, the sides broadly, somewhat unevenly arcu-

ate; base a little wider than the apex; disk coarsely densely and rugosely

punctate, more sparsely and evenly so near the sides, broadly, strongly re-

flexed laterally, with a punctiform fovea in the middle rather distant from the

lateral margin ; median subbasal impressions coalescent, forming a transversely

arcuate channel. /ytra two and one-half times as long as the prothorax, and,

toward apex, fully one-third wider ; sides distinctly divergent from the feebly

418 Coleopterological Notices, V.

oblique and unexposed humeri and nearly straight; outer angles broadly

rounded ; apex truncate; disk coarsely, not very densely and deeply pune-

tate, the punctures forming uneven series with feebly convex punctate inter-

vals. Abdomen very short and rapidly pointed behind the elytra, pale, shining

and subimpunctate. Length 2.0 mm.; width 1.2 mm.

British Columbia (Stickeen River Cafion). Mr. H. F. Wickham.

The single specimen from which the description is taken is a male,

and may possibly be immature. It is distinguishable at once by its

small size and very broadly concave and reflexed side margins of the

prothorax. }

L. spretum n. sp.—Short, broad, polished, convex, piceous-black, the

side margins slightly paler from diaphaneity; legs paler; antenne black,

paler at base. Head two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, wider than long,

strongly, densely punctate toward base, the clypeus subimpunctate; ocelli

separated by one-third of the total width, the nuchal constriction almost

obsolete; surface impressed near each ocellus and also obliquely at the sides

of the clypeus; antenne but slightly longer than the head and prothorax,

slender, rather rapidly strongly incrassate near the tip, sixth joint one-half

longer than wide, the tenth transverse. Prothorax scarcely twice as wide as

long, the sides rather strongly rounded, convergent and nearly straight

toward base, widest before the middle; basal angles obtuse but not rounded ;

base not distinctly wider than the apex; disk strongly and closely but

scarcely rugosely punctate, explanate at the sides, the sublateral fovea before

the middle and near the edge; median subbasal impressions strong, coales-

cent, forming a posteriorly angulate transverse channel. L/ytra quadrate,

almost three times as long as the prothorax and nearly two-fifths wider; sides

subparallel, nearly straight; humeri distinctly exposed at base; apex trun-

cate, the sutural angles not at all produced; disk strongly punctate, the

punctures forming dense close and rather well-marked series with the inter-

vals feebly convex and finely remotely and-subserially punctate. Abdomen

extremely short and broadly obtuse behind the elytra, black, subimpunctate.

Length 2.2 mm.; width 1.2 mm.

California (Siskiyou Co.).

The unique type is a female but cannot be confounded with re-

flexicolle, as the numerous differences are not at all suggested in

the large series of males and females of subcostatum which I have

before me. The present species differs from reflexzcolle in the

very much more narrowly explanate sides of the pronotum, in the

less coarse and closer sculpture of the elytra, straight and not arcu-

ate sides of the prothorax toward base, in the shorter antenne, and

in the distinctly exposed humeri; in color, rugosity of the pronotum

and several other features there is also notable divergence.

Coleoplerological Notices, V. 419

DELIPHRUM Erichs.

The two following species are referred to Deliphrum, although

in some characters they appear to be intermediate between that

genus and Lathrimeum. In xquicolle the intermediate tibize only

are sparsely spinulose, the others coarsely setose, or with spines

only very slightly thicker than the ordinary sete; in occiduum the

spinules of the hind tibiz are but slightly more visible. A few very

short spines are also visible along the intermediate tibie of Lathri-

mzxum spretum. In the general facies and fine even punctures of

the pronotum both of these species agree very satisfactorily with

Deliphrum tectum Payk.; they are very much smaller than D. ex-

pansum Lec. from Colorado.

The antennal differences given by LeConte and Horn (Class. Col.

N. A.) to distinguish Lathrimeum and Deliphrum do not exist,

these organs being equally incrassate in both; they are however

longer and much more nearly filiform in Olophrum. In Lath. sub-

costatum the tibiz are not spinose, but evenly covered with short

stiff inclined sete.

D. equicolle n. sp.—Broad, polished, glabrous, dark piceous-brown,

the head and abdomen blackish; antennz black, slightly pale at base; legs,

sterna and epipleure paler, flavescent. Head transverse, three-fifths as wide

as the prothorax, very finely, remotely punctate, smooth ; ocelli large, promi-

nent, distant by two-fifths the width; dorsal constriction of the neck obso-

lete ; surface feebly impressed before each ocellus and at the sides of the

clypeus; lateral margins of the latter deeply interrupted as usual before the

eyes for the reflexion of the antenne ; eyes moderate; antenne two-fifths as

long as the body, slender toward base but rapidly though gradually, strongly

incrassate near the apex, sixth joint one-third longer than wide, eighth and

tenth similar in form, slightly wider than long, the tenth very much the

larger. Prothorax not quite twice as wide as long, the sides parallel, evenly,

moderately rounded ; basal angles obtuse and blunt; disk minutely, not very

densely, evenly punctate, the punctures rather closer and stronger near the

base, the surface narrowly explanate along the sides, not at all impressed in

the middle, the sublateral foveze before the middle very feeble. Elytra sub-

quadrate, nearly parallel, truncate at apex, not as long as wide, not more than

twice as long as the prothorax ; sides nearly straight ; humeri not exposed at

base; disk coarsely deeply confusedly and not very densely punctate, the

punctures having only the most indistinct lineate arrangement, altogether

confused and denser near the suture. Abdomen with more than three exposed

segments, subimpunctate, polished. Length 2.0 mm.; width 1.1 mm.

420 Coleopterological Notices, V.

California (Lake Tahoe).

I took a single male only of this species, which is very distinct

by reason of its short and coarsely, subserially scuiptured elytra.

D. occiduum n. sp.—Oblong, convex, polished, glabrous, black, the

elytra with the feeblest piceo-metallic tinge ; legs piceous-black, the tibic

and tarsi rufescent; antenne black throughout. Head two-thirds as wide as

the prothorax, nearly as in cgquicolle, minutely, sparsely punctate; antenne

slender, slightly longer than the head and prothorax, very evenly, feebly

incrassate throughout from near the base, joints one to seven more or less

longer than wide, eight to ten shorter, similar in form, scarcely as long as

wide, increasing in size. Prothorax about twice as wide as long, the sides

parallel, feebly and evenly arcuate; base and apex subequal; basal angles

obtuse and narrowly rounded; disk evenly, transversely convex, not im-

pressed, very narrowly explanate along the side margins, finely, rather

strongly and somewhat closely punctate; sublateral foveze before the middle

very feeble. lytra toward apex nearly one-third wider than the prothorax,

two and one-half times as long as the latter, fully as long as wide, truncate

at apex, the sides feebly divergent, nearly straight; humeri not exposed at

base, obliquely rounded to the prothorax, rather coarsely strongly and closely

punctured, with a broad deep impression along each side of the elevated

suture, the punctures almost evenly distributed, with very feeble subserial

arrangement. Abdomen with nearly three exposed segments, polished, sub-

impunctate. Length 2.2 mm.; width 1.2 mm. .

California (Siskiyou Co.).

Allied to zquzcolle but differing altogether in the form of the

antenne, which are here much more slender and very feebly gradu-

ally and evenly incrassate throughout, also in its rather more trans-

verse prothorax and in the larger, more densely punctate elytra. It

is represented in my cabinet by a single female.

OMALIUM Grav.

In this difficult genus the European species have been divided

into several subgenera which appear to be amply valid, at least as

such, there being notable differences in the structure of the maxil-

lary palpi. The following species are to be added to those already

known from North America :—

O. ater n. sp.—Narrow, convex, highly polished, intense black, the legs

toward tip and antenne toward base rufescent; very narrow side margins of

the pronotum also feebly rufescent from diaphaneity ; pubescence excessively

short, remote and scarcely visible. Head barely more than two-thirds as wide

as the prothorax, wider than long, flat throughout above, finely, very remotely

Coleopterological Notices, V. 421

and unevenly punctate; front broadly, strongly rounded ; eyes large, at the

base; tempora nearly obsolete; nuchal constriction immediately behind the

eyes, extending transversely across the head; ocelli large, separated by two-

fifths the total width, on the edge of the nuchal depression; third joint of the

maxillary palpi small, not longer than wide, fourth fusiform, pointed toward

apex, in the middle wider than the third, about three times as long; antennz

stout, not quite as long as the head and prothorax, basal joint cylindrical,

twice as long as wide and as long as the next two, the latter equal in length,

third narrow, obconical, nearly twice as long as wide, six to eleven gradually

strongly incrassate and more densely pubescent, forming a six-jointed club,

seven to ten strongly transverse ; minute impressions before the ocelli scarcely

distinct. Prothorax nearly one-half wider than long ; sides parallel and broadly,

evenly arcuate; base truncate, scarcely wider than the feebly arcnate apex ;

disk transversely convex, nearly even but with two obsoletely flattened median

areas; punctures fine, deep, very sparse and rather unevenly distributed.

. Elytra but very slightly wider than the prothorax and twice as long, about as

long as wide; sides straight, scarcely divergent ; punctures somewhat coarse,

deep, not very dense, forming indistinct longitudinal rugulations. Abdomen

shining, minutely, sparsely punctate, as long and wide as the elytra; border

moderate. Legs short and rather stout; tibie strongly spinulose externally

and with an internal row of slender bristles which are very short on the

anterior; hind tarsi nearly four-fifths as long as the tibie, the last joint barely

as long as the four preceding together, the fourth distinctly shorter than the

third ; anterior feebly dilated in the male. Length 2.9 mm.; width 1.0 mm.

California (Sta. Cruz Co.).

Related to florale (= rufipes Fourc.) but much smaller, with the

elytral punctures much coarser and not joined by anastomosing im-

pressed lines as they are in that species.

O. pacificum n. sp.—Narrow, moderately convex, feebly narrowed ante-

riorly, intense black throughout; legs and base of the antenne rufescent ; pubes-

cence in the form of minute but distinct erect stiff sete. Head three-fourths

as wide as the prothorax, in form as well as structure of the palpi and antennz

nearly as in ater, the basal joint of the latter however not as long as the next

two and the second longer as well as thicker than the third, outer joints

strongly incrassate and transverse. rothorax three-fifths wider than long ;

sides nearly parallel, broadly, evenly arcuate; base transversely truncate,

very slightly wider than the apex; disk evenly, transversely convex, with

scarcely any trace whatever of central flattening, finely strongly and densely

punctate. Llytra toward apex slightly wider than the prothorax, nearly two

and one-half times as long as the latter; sides straight, just visibly divergent ;

disk finely, deeply, extremely densely punctate, the sculpture feebly rugulose,

longitudinally substriate near the middle. Abdomen fully as wide as the elytra

and rather shorter. Legs short and stout, the tibie spinulose externally.

Length 2.3.mm.; width 0.75 mm.

429 Coleopterological Notices, V.

California (Siskiyou Co.).

This species is allied to ater and megarthrovdes, differing greatly

from the former in its still smaller size, narrower form, more dis-

tinct setee and much finer, denser sculpture, and from the latter in

coloration and in its more parallel and less anteriorly attenuate

form. In pacificum, ater and probably generally throughout the

genus, there is a transverse row of longer erect sete near the

middle of each abdominal segment and the minute erect sete of

the elytral punctures are replaced at wide intervals by longer sete ;

the small and ordinary elytral sete in ater are very much more

minute than in paczificum and can scarcely be discerned under com-

paratively high power. The type appears to be a female.

Of megarthroides I have many examples of all degrees of color

and immaturity. The measuremerts given by Fauvel seem to be

a little too great, my series of thirty-one specimens, taken in nume-

rous localities from Los Angeles to Victoria, give as extremes of

length 1.75-2.6 mm.; megarthroides appears to be extremely

closely allied to humele Makl.

0. lacustre n. sp.—Narrow, elongate, subparallel, feebly convex, pol-

ished, rufo-testaceous throughout, the head and abdomen, especially toward

apex, rather darker and more piceous; pubescence consisting of extremely

minute suberect scarcely visible sete, denser and much longer on the aluta-

ceous under surface of the abdomen. Head distinctly but not greatly nar-

rower than the prothorax, wider than long, triangular, with the epistoma

truncate and one-half as wide as the base; eyes moderate, at one-half their

length from the base; the tempora parallel, nearly straight and almost as

prominent as the eye; base truncate, the constriction extending transversely

and deeply across the dorsal surface; ocelli separated by two-fifths the entire

width, on the edge of the constriction ; occiput not impressed before them ;:

surface finely, rather closely but unevenly punctate, very feebly biimpressed.

between the antenne, the latter pale, very short, one-third longer than the

width of the head, subcylindrical, scarcely visibly incrassate, outer joints

transverse ; last joint of the maxillary palpi subbulbose toward base, gradu-.

ally finely attenuate and feebly arcuate thence to the apex, nearly three times

as long as the third but scarcely as thick. Prothorax one-half wider than

long, widest before the middle; sides broadly rounded, becoming rather more

convergent and straighter toward base; disk finely, rather closely punctate,

without anastomosing impressed lines, with two elongate subobsolete median.

impressions and another scarcely visible between them near the apex. Elytra

but just visibly wider than the prothorax, quadrate, as long as the head

and prothorax, scarcely as long as wide, finely, very densely punctate and

obsoletely, longitudinally substriolate. Abdomen a little narrower and rather

longer than the elytra, subparallel ; border rather wide. Legs short; poste-

Coleopterological Notices, V. 42

rior tarsi slender, very nearly as long as the tibie; fourth joint shorter than

the third, first three somewhat elongate, first four together much longer than

the fifth. Length 2.75 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

Michigan.

The single specimen is a male and has the anterior tarsi very

feebly dilated; the sixth ventral is broadly, feebly arcuate at apex.

This species closely resembles longuluwm, but differs in its much

shorter and more densely punctate elytra, smaller and less incras-

sate antenne, in the absence of anastomosing fine lines on the

shorter pronotum, and, radically, in the structure of the posterior

tarsi, which in longulum have the first four joints short, thick,

oblique, equal and together rather shorter than the fifth.

O. capito n. sp.—Elongate, parallel, feebly convex, polished, black ;

antenne, legs and elytra paler, castaneous; pronotum piceous-black ; sete

extremely minute, sparse and scarcely discoverable, on the abdomen longer

and distinct but sparse above and beneath, the venter shining. JZead large,

not as long as wide, much longer and only slightly narrower than the protho-

rax, finely, sparsely punctate, scarcely perceptibly biimpressed between the

antenne; eyes feebly convex; tempora subparallel, straight, nearly as long

and prominent as the eye; base transverse and strongly constricted, the ocelli

on the edge of the constriction, very feeble, separated by barely one-third of

the width; antenne stout, feebly incrassate, as long as the head and protho-

rax, third joint rather longer than wide, constricted and strongly compressed

toward base. Prothorax two-thirds wider than long, widest before the middle ;

sides feebly convergent and just perceptibly sinuate toward base; disk scarcely

visibly flattened in the position of the usual impressions, evenly convex, finely,

sparsely punctate. Elytra about as long as wide, a little longer than the head

and prothorax, very slightly wider than the latter, strongly, broadly impressed

along the elevated suture, finely, very sparsely punctate, the punctures feebly

lineate in arrangement toward the middle of each. Abdomen a little narrower

and rather shorter than the elytra, minutely sparsely and indistinctly punc-

tate, shining, just visibly alutaceous. JLegs short; posterior tarsi very long

and slender, as long as the tibie, the first three joints elongate, oblique at

apex, second nearly twice as long as the first, two to four decreasing rapidly

in length, first four together much longer than the fifth. Length 3.0 mm. ;

width 0.9 mm.

Wisconsin.

Allied to lacustre, having nearly the same peculiar structure of

the tarsi and also similar in the form of the body and oral organs.

It differs notably in the larger head, longer, stouter antenne with

compressed third joint, more approximate ocelli, longer tempora,

longer elytra and much sparser punctuation throughout. The

single specimen is a male, having the sixth ventral feebly arcuate

494 Coleopterological Notices, V.

at apex and the anterior tarsi feebly dilated and densely pubescent

beneath. If the usual definition of the genus is to hold, these two

species will have to be separated because of the marked tarsal dif-

ferences.

The following species have the body slender, parallel, subimpunc-

tate and opaque or alutaceous, with the fourth joint of the maxil-

lary palpi slender, cylindrical, much narrower than the third and

somewhat more or less than twice as long; they constitute the

subgenus Phlceonomus of Heer :—

Fourth palpal joint shorter, one-half longer than the third. Arctic.

lapponicum

Fourth palpal joint twice as long as the third or very slightly longer.

Posterior tarsi distinctly more than one-half.as long as the tibie.

Surface opaque, strongly granulato-reticulate; prothorax very nearly as

wide as the elytra. European subarctic ............0.00e0ee0eeee ee PUSLLUM

Surface much more shining, alutaceous, more coarsely and feebly reticu-

late; prothorax much narrower than the elytra; sete of the latter

longer and move visible. American subarctic ..................ldesicolle

Posterior tarsi not more than one-half as long as the tibie; legs longer;

body much broader, feebly shining, alutaceous. American subarctic.

suffusum

Pusillum is simply included for comparison ; it is closely allied

to lzesicolle but is distinct and does not appear to inhahit North

America.

O. suffusum n. sp.—Suboblong, depressed, feebly shining, black, the

legs and elytra rufous, the latter suffused with black near the scutellum and

each external apical angle ; antenne fuscous, pale in basal half; integuments

subglabrous ; elytral sete minute, erect, distinct under a power of 80. Head

small, wider than Jong, three-fourths as wide as the prothorax; eyes large,

convex; tempora feebly arcuate, short, strongly convergent to the nuchal

constriction ; ocelli distinct, on the edge of the constriction, separated by

scarcely more than one-fourth of the total width; surface impressed before

each, also broadly, strongly impressed at each side of the large rounded

clypeus ; antenne a little longer than the head and prothorax, outer’six joints

abruptly stouter, six to ten strongly transverse. Prothorax four-fifths wider

than long; sides subparallel, feebly arcuate, slightly convergent and scarcely

sinuate toward base; disk subimpunctate, explanate at the sides, more broadly

toward base, also with two broad strong median impressions extending but

slightly beyond the middle and a very feeble median impression at the apex.

Elytra quadrate, one-fourth wider than the prothorax and twice as long, nearly

as long as wide, much longer than the head and prothorax ; humeri extremely —

narrowly exposed; sides parallel; disk very sparsely and obsoletely punc-

tate. Abdomen as wide as the elytra and rather shorter, somewhat strongly

Coleoptéerological Notices, V. 425

shining, feebly pubescent; border moderate. Legs slender, rather short;

four basal joints of the hind tarsi together barely three-fourths as long as the

last. Length 20 mm.; width 0.7 mm.

Alaska (Hunter’s Bay, Prince of Wales Island). Mr. Wickham.

Much broader and rather more convex than lxsicolle, to which it

is allied. In deszcolle the fifth abdominal tergite is nearly two and

one-half times as wide as long, while in the present it is scarcely

more than twice.

O. quadripenne vn. sp.—Oblong, feebly convex, black with a feeble

piceous tinge except on the abdomen; legs rufous; antenne fuscous, paler

toward base; integuments polished, subglabrous, the abdomen finely, strongly

reticulate and alutaceous. Head strongly, closely punctate, wider than long,

fully two-thirds as wide as the prothorax; neck narrow, one-half the total

width ; eyes moderate, near the base; ocelli separated by scarcely more than

one-fourth the total width; surface with a deep puncture before and exterior

to each ocellus, also broadly impressed at each side of the large and broadly

rounded clypeus ; antenne as long as the head and prothorax, gradually and

moderately incrassate; fourth palpal joint as wide as the third and about

three times as long, very feebly narrowed, the tip obtuse. Prothorux strongly

transverse, four-fifths wider than long; sides broadly, evenly rounded, feebly

convergent and nearly straight toward base, the basal angles obtuse; disk

transversely convex, feebly explanate near the hind angles, with three dis-

tinct median impressions, the intermediate near the apex. lytra parallel,

quadrate, slightly wider than the prothorax and barely twice as long, very

little longer than the head and prothorax, not quite as long as wide, strongly,

very densely punctate and obsoletely, longitudinally rugulose. Abdomen as

wide as the elytra and a little shorter; segments very short; border ample.

Legs short, slender; four basal joints of the hind tarsi together scarcely more

than two-thirds as long as the fifth. Length 1.8 mm.; width 0.7 mm.

Virginia (Fredericksburg).

Allied rather closely to foraminosum, but abundantly distinct in

its broader form, larger prothorax, shorter elytra, much denser

punctuation, shorter, broader abdominal segments and many other

characters; from eribrum it may be known at once by the rounded,

sides of the prothorax.

In this and many other species there is a deep wide and oblique

antennal groove on the upper surface of the head near the eye, the

inner margin of which is frequently cariniform. It seemed at first

as though this might serve to define the genus Omalium better than

the variable posterior tarsi, but I find that it disappears in some

species such as lapponicum and lesicolle, and moreover exists in.

some other genera such as Lathrimeum.

Annats N. Y. Acap. Sci., VII, Nov. 1893.—28

426 Coleopterological Notices, V.

O: rugipenne Csy. is a very aberrant form in its small short ely.

tra and large rounded abdomen, but belongs to the genus by all of

its structural characters. O. algarum Csy. (= fucicola || Csy.) is

closely allied to thevenett Fvl., but differs in its much larger size

and relatively shorter antenne. Of exsculptum Makl. I took a

single specimen in Humboldt Co. California; the sculpture of the

pronotum reminds us somewhat of Lathrimeeum, but it is a true

Omalium.

ANTHOBIUM Steph.

The species of Anthobium are really very numerous in America,

especially in the regions near the Pacific Ocean, but had not been

collected to any extent at the time Mr. Fauvel wrote upon them

(Not. Ent., 7, 1878). During a four or five days collecting trip to

Lake Tahoe in June 1886, I took four species in an area not exceed-

ing several hundred yards in extent bordering this pretty little

mountain sea. Omalini of several genera are especially abundant

in those regions, which will yield many more interesting forms

when the numerous secluded valleys can be carefully explored.

At the present time I have selected a number of the more distinct

and interesting new species for description ; these may be identified

among themselves as follows :—

Elytra with the outer angle at apex moderately broadly rounded, the apex

subtruncate.

Head black.

Entire upper surface intense black ...........0ssesseeeeeeeee MEZCrPPIMUM

Upper surface black, the pronotum and elytra dark piceous; sutural

angles not prolonged in the female; prothorax in the male much

larger than in the “temale......ac.0sscsseeoncannr detec . diversicolle

Black, the pronotum slightly Bae specially ead base; elytra pale

FAV ALS oi ccuivadions ocelace heesnceacs waviausine' See seers sens aclsdecemisee aris sce RUMOW ONO @e mm Ee

Head testaceous.

Pronotum with a feeble subobsolete median impressed line, at least in the

male.

Elytra transversely truncate or evenly arcuate at apex, in the female

not in the least modified at the sutural angle; pronotum polished,

very coarsely, deeply punctate .........0. see seeeee . punctatum

Elytra with the sutural angles ee and eee produced in the

female; prothorax in the male much more elongate than in the

COMALE hnisee sen eerene boatenmiette seoscseevecseseees hd Diale

Pronotum vation ms a ee an a anipnensed ieee line.

Sides of the prothorax broadly subangulate at basal third; large stout

species, Strongly PUNCtALE....scecsovccrereceeveroees SUVDANREULATUM

Coleopterological Notices, V. 427

Sides of the prothorax very evenly rounded ; small species.

atriventre

Elytra with the outer angle very broadly rounded, the apex conjointly semi-

circular in the male or gradually acutely pointed in the female ; prothorax

relatively smaller .......ccccscescesceecseceseesceeseecteeeseeeeeeseeeesceef PACCENUM

As several species, such as fimetarium, segmentarium and mar-

ginatum are unknown to me, and rugulosum doubtfully determined,

I am not able at present to give a complete statement of our species;

sorbi is somewhat doubtful as an American species.

A. nigerrimum.—Elongate, parallel, polished, the pronotum and

abdomen reticulate and alutaceous, the abdomen finely, sparsely pubescent ;

legs and antenne pale rufo-testaceous, the latter infumate near the tip. Head

transverse, two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, very finely, sparsely punctate,

feebly and longitudinally impressed near the sides ; eyes large and prominent;

ocelli small, separated by less than one-third the width; antenne short,

scarcely as long as the head and prothorax, outer joints gradually rather

strongly incrassate, sixth longer than wide, seven to ten similar in form and

a little wider than long. rothorax three-fourths wider than long, the sides

evenly and continuously arcuate, feebly divergent to beyond the middle, then

very broadly rounded and strongly convergent to the apex which is scarcely

three-fourths as wide as the base; disk evenly, transversely convex, very

feebly subexplanate at the sides just behind the middle, without trace of

median impressed line, the punctures fine but strong and distinct, rather

sparse. Hlytra a little longer than wide, more than twice as long as the

prothorax and scarcely visibly wider, the sides straight and subparallel ;

apex broadly feebly and very evenly arcuate; disk unusually coarsely deeply

confusedly and rather closely punctate. Abdomen as wide as the elytra, with

four exposed segments. Length 2.2 mm.; width 0.9 mm.

Southern California. Mr. H. C. Fall.

The single male in my cabinet is related to californicum but

differs in its intensely black and more coarsely sculptured elytra.

The anterior tibie are simple and the median elevated plate of the

sixth ventral segment is very large, transverse, twice as wide as

long, extending to the apex and with its apex transversely truncate

and its sides parallel. :

The nuchal constriction throughout Anthobium is completely

obsolete on the dorsal surface, and by this character the species

can be distinguished from all the forms of Omalium which I have

seen, although the constriction becomes very feeble in several

species of the latter genus, such as hamatum and megarthroides,

these also approaching Anthobium in general habitus as well.

428 Coleopterological Notices, V.

A. diversicolle.—Subparallel, convex, subalutaceous, the elytra pol-

ished, black, the pronotum and elytra piceous-black ; legs and antenne pale

flavate, the latter toward apex and the posterior femora toward base dusky.

_ Head two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, broadly, longitudinally biimpressed,

minutely, sparsely punctate; ocelli small, separated by more than one-third

of the width; eyes rather small; antenne much shorter than the head and

prothorax, strongly incrassate toward apex. Prothorax large, rectangular,

one-third wider than the length; sides parallel, broadly, feebly and evenly

arcuate; apex broadly, very feebly arcuate, but slightly narrower than the

base ; disk strongly convex, even, impressed at the sides behind the middle,

very minutely feebly and rather sparsely punctate. lytra about as long as

wide, just visibly wider than the prothorax and distinctly less than twice

as long; humeri not exposed; sides straight and subparallel; apex broadly,

evenly, feebly arcuate; disk not very coarsely but strongly, rather sparsely,

confusedly and subrugosely punctate. Abdomen with more than three exposed

segments. Length 1.7-2.3.mm.; width 0.8-0.95 mm.

California (Lake Tahoe); Nevada (Reno); Utah (southern).

A very abundant species, remarkable because of the great sexual

disparity in the form of the prothorax. The description is drawn

from the male which has the sixth ventral strongly, transversely

convex but scarcely visibly elevated or thicker in the middle, and

the anterior tibiz prominent within at the middle and thence nearly

parallel to the apex and gradually strongly narrowed to the base.

The female has the prothorax neariy twice as wide as long and

more shining, the elytra broadly arcuate at apex and transversely

impressed before the tip of each, the sutural angles not visibly

modified. In californicum, of which I have a large series from

Lake Co., corresponding prothoracic differences are observable but

not so marked. The present species is allied to é2bcale, but differs

in its smaller size, in coloration and in its much sparser punctuation.

A. gilvipenne.—Narrow, parallel, convex, black, the pronotum piceous,

sometimes decidedly paler at base; elytra and legs flavate; antenne pale,

dusky in outer half; surface strongly shining, the pronotum not distinctly

alutaceous. Head transverse, large, five-sixths as wide as the prothorax,

rather strongly, longitudinally biimpressed, minutely, sparsely punctate ; eyes

large and prominent ; ocelli separated by more than one-fourth of the width ;

antenne rather feebly incrassate in apical half, about as long as the head and

prothorax, the sixth joint quadrate, seventh similar but a little larger, eighth

slightly wider than long, the tenth distinctly transverse. FProthorax trans-

versely rectangular, two-fifths wider than long; sides parallel, nearly straight,

convergent and rounded in apical third; base slightly wider than the apex ;

basal angles slightly blunt; disk transversely, strongly convex, with feeble

traces of an impressed median line, feebly impressed laterally behind the

Coleopterological Notices, V. 429

middle and obsoletely in the middle before the base; punctures fine, feeble

and sparse. lytra one-fourth longer than wide, the sides subparallel and

nearly straight; apex transverse; humeri not exposed; disk scarcely visibly

wider than the pronotum but nearly two and one-half times as long, coarsely

strongly confusedly and not very densely punctate. Abdomen with nearly

four exposed segments, shining, subimpunctate and not distinctly pubescent.

Length 1.7-1.9 mm.; width 0.7-0.8 mm.

California (Sta. Cruz Co.).

The two specimens are males, having the median elevated plate

of the terminal ventral segment large, trapezoidal in form, twice

as wide as long with the apex transversely truncate; anterior tibie

simple. In the female the pronotum will probably prove to be

distinctly shorter, as in californicum, tibiale and diversicolle.

A. punctatum.—Rather broad and cuneiform, pale rufo-testaceous,

the elytra more flavate, the abdomen sometimes feebly clouded with darker ;

integuments glabrous and very highly polished, the pronotum without trace

of reticulation or alutaceous lustre. Head four-fifths as wide as the protho-

rax, the eyes very prominent; surface obsoletely, longitudinally biimpressed,

rather coarsely sparsely and unevenly punctate; ocelli large and separated

by fully one-third of the width; antenne as long as the head and prothorax,

outer six joints gradually thicker, tenth one-third wider than long and twice

as wide as the third. Prothorar three-fourths wider than long; sides sub-

parallel, feebly arcuate, a little more convergent anteriorly ; base distinctly

wider than the apex; disk highly polished, very coarsely deeply and some-

what closely punctate, feebly impressed near the sides behind the middle and

obsoletely and unevenly along the median line. Elytra about as long as wide,

at the obliquely rounded and scarcely exposed humeri barely wider than the

prothorax but one-half wider near the apex, two and one-half times as long;

sides divergent and nearly straight; apex broadly, evenly rounded through-

out the width; disk broadly impressed: along the suture; punctures coarse,

deep, confused and rather close. Abdomen with three or four exposed segments,

shining, flat, scarcely perceptibly and remotely punctulate. Length 2.0-2.5

mm.; width 1.1—-1.2 mm.

California (Sta. Cruz Co.).

This species is allied in general form and more distant ocelli to

pothos, but differs much in its more convex and polished, less trans-

verse and very coarsely punctate pronotum. It is represented by

four females.

A. tibiale.—Subparallel, rather convex, shining, subglabrous, pale rufo-

testaceous, the antenne dusky toward tip; elytra more flavate, the abdomen

piceous-black ; head and pronotum alutaceous. Head three-fourths as. wide

as the prothorax ; eyes moderately prominent; ocelli distant by one-third the

width ; surface perfectly flat and unimpressed, minutely, rather closely punc-

430 Coleopterological Notices, V.

tate; antennze much shorter than the head and prothorax, moderately in- |

crassate. Prothorax large, subrectangular, one-third wider than long; sides

subparallel, very feebly arcuate, a little more convergent anteriorly ; base

distinctly wider than the apex; basal angles slightly obtuse and blunt; disk

strongly, evenly convex, minutely but strongly, evenly, rather sparsely

punctate, very feebly impressed near the sides behind the middle and also

extremely obsoletely and narrowly along the median line. lytra rather

longer than wide, twice as long as the prothorax, and, near the apex, almost

one-third wider ; sides feebly divergent, nearly straight ; humeri not exposed ;

apex broadly, evenly arcuate throughout the width; disk rather finely but

strongly, confusedly and closely punctate. Abdomen with about four exposed

segments. Length 1.8-2.1 mm.; width 1.0-1.1 mm.

Arizona.

The description is taken from the male, in which sex the sixth

ventral is abruptly thickened and transversely more convex in the

middle, with the very short apex of the segment beyond thinned

and transparent, and the apical margin of the thickened part bearing

long stiff sete; the anterior tibiz are widest and obtusely prominent

within at the middle, thence rapidly narrowed to the base and

broadly sinuate to the apex. The female is quite different, the

prothorax being very much shorter and more transverse as in

diversicolle, and the elytra larger, fully three times as long as the

prothorax, covering the entire abdomen, with the sutural angles

very strongly and abruptly prolonged behind. Six specimens.

A. subangulatum.—Robust, subparallel, convex, rufo-testaceous and

polished throughout, the abdomen black. Head large, four-fifths as wide as

the prothorax, nearly as long as wide, scarcely at all impressed, finely but

strongly, rather closely punctate; ocelli all but completely obsolete; eyes

smaller than usual, the tempora distinct behind them; antenne longer than

usual, longer than the head and prothorax, sixth joint longer than wide, not

wider than the preceding, seven to eleven forming a long loose five-jointed

club, tenth but slightly wider than long. VProthorax transverse, fully four-

fifths wider than long; apex truncate, fully as wide as the base; sides very

broadly subangulate just behind the middle, thence feebly convergent and

nearly straight to the distinct but rounded apical angles, more convergent and

somewhat sinuate to the base, the basal angles obtuse and blunt; disk rather

coarsely deeply and closely punctate, just visibly impressed before the scutel-

lum and strongly so along the sides behind the middle. ilytra about as long

as wide, near the apex slightly wider than the prothorax, more than twice as

long; sides just visibly divergent, nearly straight; humeri slightly exposed ;

apex broadly, evenly subtruncate; punctures distinct, deep, subequal to those

of the pronotum and rather less approximate, confused. Abdomen with about

three exposed segments. Length 2.3-3.0 mm.; width 1.0-1.25 mm.

Coleopterological Notices, V. 431

California (Lake Tahoe).

Described from the male, which has the sixth ventral broadly,

feebly sinuate throughout at apex, with the surface not modified,

the median segment of the seventh acutely parabolic, as long as

wide, polished, with a few erect sete; anterior tibie not modified,

the tarsi distinctly dilated The female is almost perfectly similar

in general structure to the male, but has the head a little smaller

and the sides of the elytra a trifle more divergent.

This is an interesting aberrant type of the genus, having longer

antenne, and differing also in male sexual characters and in tarsal

structure; the first four joints of the stout posterior tarsi are to-

gether much longer than the last, with the second joint nearly

twice as long as the first and as long as the next two together.

The subobsolete ocelli makes the transition to the complete absence

of them in Vellica, a comparatively easy one and also detracts

somewhat from the importance of that character.

A. atriventre.—Subparallel, convex, shining, the pronotum but very

feebly reticulate and alutaceous, pale rufo-testaceous, the abdomen black ;

antennz darker at apex. Head fully three-fourths as wide as the prothorax,

flat, minutely, sparsely punctate, very obsoletely biimpressed between the

eyes and between the antenne ; ocelli large, diffuse, separated by fully one-

third the width ; eyes large, prominent; antenne scarcely as long as the head

and prothorax, moderately incrassate, the last five joints gradually larger.

Prothorax transverse, fully three-fourths wider than long; sides broadly,

evenly arcuate, much more convergent in apical half, the base truncate and

nearly one-half wider than the apex ; basal angles obtuse but not appreciably

blunt; disk strongly, transversely convex, even, minutely but distinctly,

sparsely punctate. Llytra distinctly longer than wide, more than twice as

long as the prothorax, and, near the apex, one-third wider; sides feebly

divergent, nearly straight; humeri slightly exposed at base; apex broadly,

feebly arcuate, with a small notch at the suture; punctures strong confused

and rather dense. Abdomen half exposed behind the elytra. Length 1.7 mm. ;

width 0.75 mm.

California (Los Angeles).

This species is allied to galvipenne, resembing it in general form,

but differs in its shorter, more transverse prothorax, which is much

more narrowed toward apex, in its larger, more distant ocelli, and

in coloration and size. The single male has the sixth ventral thin

and transparent, broadly lobed in the middle, the surface before the

lobe abruptly elevated, flat, transversely trapezoidal], with the apex

of the thickened part not quite attaining the apex of the segment

432 Coleopterological Notices, V.

and broadly sinuate in the middle, not truncate as in gilvipenne ;

anterior tibiz simple. |

A. fraternum.—Broad, cuneiform, convex, pale rufo-testaceous through-

out, alutaceous, the elytra polished. Head three-fourths as wide as the pro-

thorax, the surface perfectly flat, minutely, sparsely punctulate ; eyes large;

ocelli large, separated by one-third the width, each immediately behind a

small deep impressed fovea; antenne as long as the head and _ prothorax,

gradually and rather strongly invrassate from the middle. Prothorax: trans-

verse, not quite twice as wide as long; sides feebly rounded, slightly conver-

gent in basal and strongly so in apical half; apical angles obtuse but visible;

base two-fifths wider than the transversely truncate apex; disk evenly con-

vex, broadly, feebly impressed at the sides behind the middle, very widely so

toward base; punctures very minute but rather close. lytra large, longer

than wide, transversely convex, one-half wider than the prothorax and nearly

three times as long, semi-circularly rounded behind, covering all but the acute

tip of the abdomen, finely but strongly, distinctly confusedly and not very

densely punctate. Length 2.2—2.6 mm.; width 1.1-1.25 mm.

California (Hoopa Valley, Humboldt Co.).

The male, from which the above outline is drawn, has the tibiz

simple and straight, the posterior tarsi long, stout, with the second

joint notably longer than the first and almost as long as the next

two—nearly as in subangulatum—the first four together much

longer than the fifth, the fifth ventral broad, transverse at apex,

with a deep abrupt parallel-sided median fissure nearly four times

as deep as wide, the sixth short, broadly sinuate throughout, and

the median ligula of the seventh large, longer than wide, convex

and acutely triangular. The female is similar but larger, the elytra

more oval, more than three times as long as the prothorax, covering

the entire abdomen, slightly dehiscent at-apex, and arcuately nar-

rowed and conjointly acutely ogival from posterior third. :

This species with the eastern convexum and the Californian

aurifluum of Fauvel, constitutes a peculiar group of the genus,

differing in the nature of the male sexual characters, in the larger

oval and more convex elytra, and in tarsal structure.

Aurifluum, of which I took a large series at Lake Tahoe, is

a small species, 1.5-2.0 mm. in length, having the anterior and

middle tibiz flattened within and strongly arcuate throughout the

length, the posterior tarsi shorter and more nearly normal, the fifth

ventral unmodified and the sixth longer, narrower, trapezoidal,

with the apex narrowly truncate. In the female the elytra pro-

Coleopterological Notices, V. 433

ject far beyond the abdomen, are dehiscent in apical fourth, and

obliquely narrowed from just behind the middle.

In the male of convexum the fifth segment is transverse and

unmodified, the sixth very short, transverse at apex, with a small

feeble median sinuation, the posterior tarsi somewhat as in fra-

ternum. The elytra in the female are nearly as in fraternum but

have the sides more parallel.

PSELA PHID.

On recently arranging my long-neglected material in this remark-

able family, I found so much to correct and explain in my earlier

work and, incidentally, so many undescribed and interesting spe-

cies, which had been gradually acccumulating, that it seemed to

me a few notes might not be unacceptable to general students of

the family. In the arrangement of the tribes I have followed the

order proposed by Mr. A. Raffray, in his valuable revision published

a few years since in the ‘‘ Revue d’Entomologie.”

The mode of antennal insertion in this family does not seem to

have been dwelt upon thus far in systematic works. The first joint

is attached to the under part of the sides of the front by the upper

part of its base, the basal parts being, as it were, turned upward to

the point of attachment. This structure, which is of course not

essentially different from that seen elsewhere in the Coleoptera ex-

cept in degree, is best displayed in such genera as Pselaphus and

Tychus; but at the same time it is a constant peculiarity of the

family; it restricts the motion of the antenne almost to a hori-

zoutal plane.

F ARONINI.

The general form of the body in this tribe resembles that of the

Euplectini, but many features, and especially the tarsus of Faronus

and its immediately related genera, show that it is also very closely

allied to certain Staphylinide. The tarsus of Faronus is exactly

similar in structure to that of many Oxytelini, and the transverse

pubescent line of the first visible dorsal segment, a very important

and characteristic modification in the true Faronini, is frequently

seen in the Omalini. The tribe is thus truly intermediate between

the Staphylinide and Pselaphide, but these remarks apply fully

only to the small group having staphylinide tarsi referred to above.

434 Coleopterological Notices, V.

The second section of Raffray, having the tarsi normally pselaphi-

dous in structure, should constitute a distinct tribe, intermediate

between the Faronini and Euplectini, for, in the present family, a

difference in tarsal structure such as this, is of far greater impor-

tance than any possible modification of the ungues.

At the same time, an extraordinary character, hitherto escaping

record as far as I can discover, shows that the tribe Faronini, in

its limited sense, is in reality very isolated. The sexual modifica-

tions at the apex of the venter are bilaterally asymmetric. Whether

or not this occurs in Faronus I am unable to state at present, but

it is a common condition in both of our genera, and is confirmed by

large series of several species in my cabinet.

The genera of this tribe thus far known are as follows, those not

occurring within the limits of the Unites States being distinguished

by an asterisk :—

Tempora obsolete, the eyes very large, extending to the base.

*Faronidius

Tempora large and long behind the eyes, the latter smaller.

Tempora angulate ; intermediate coxe# not separated by a mesosternal pro-

CeSS; MetasterMUM SHOP... 60.00. .ccece ses anc ens enmace sar cnn ces ansldonecs 7) eine REI

Tempora not angulate; intermediate coxe separated by a narrow meso-

sternal lamina.

Metasternum and elytra rather short (types of genus misella and parva

Shp.); front narrowed, the antennal prominences approximate, sepa-

rated by a longitudinal sulcus which is expanded behind the frontal

TINA SIAN, 5 «caa.o:0 oo aisle sje sf sis'n\nie’a elcid e,oininsainie'e giarbleh faa aleleslescsy da/eine'a sialevacinrsicialwetriccaeieee al pcan ae

Metasternum long, in a longitudinal line through the acetabula about

twice as long as the intermediate coxe ; front wide, not tuberculiform,

the antennal prominences widely distant, separated by a non-sulciform

depression, having a very large, isolated, extremely deep and sensitive

pit at some distance behind the apical margin; nuchal constriction

simple beneath ; elytra long; first visible dorsal segment very short,

transversely lineate with minute pubescence.................. SOMOMA

Metasternum short, in the line of the acetabula scarcely at all longer

than the intermediate coxe ; head as in Sonoma, but with two sensi-

tive patches in the nuchal constriction beneath ; eyes rather more con-

vex and prominent; elytra short; first visible dorsal nearly as long as

the second and entirely similar to it, completely devoid of the pubes-

COME LIME, » 55s caolclso ene lnee sistssplaniaatapalnecisesieepiods ene iewtesielensiencanctdanece meek is ase mIee

Metasternum and elytra very short, the latter scarcely as long as the pro-

thorax; front broad, the antenne widely separated ; vertex with two

fovee, not isolated from the frontal pit but joined by a foveiform chan-

nel; basal segment of the abdomen without the transverse subpu-

bescent LM€ wircevececssecseeeceeceeseeces serves seveessesceeseeces cee cee MPCHEMOG AS

Coleopterological Notices, V. 435

Delenda Croiss. (— Eusonoma Reit.) has been recently proposed

(Coléoptérologiste, 1891, p. 152) for a small species from Asia Minor.

It is closely related to Rafonus but appears to differ decidedly in the

structure of the upper surface of the head.

SONOMA Casey.

In this genus the head is generally small, the eyes well developed,

the tempora somewhat variable, generally rapidly convergent and

rounded to the neck, sometimes rounded and about as prominent

as the eye, never in the least angulate. Upper surface constantly

with two small nude post-median fovez, and a large extremely deep

abruptly excavated subapical pit, which is always more acutely

rounded behind and with its anterior margin more transverse. On

the under surface there is a deep transverse sulcus just behind the

mentum and maxille, the plane of these parts sloping rapidly up-

ward from the base, the base of the maxillary cardo greatly ex-

posed; there is also a deep transverse and perfectly simple nuchal

constriction. The under surface never has any sign of the singular

and complicated excavations and carinz so common in Sagola.

The maxillary palpi have the first joint minute, simple and

scarcely more than one-third as long as the second, otherwise

nearly as in Sagola. Antenne submoniliform, with the joints

loosely connected throughout, as usual in the tribe, gradually

thicker toward apex and with the basal joint much thicker and

longer than the second. The antenne are more clavate than in

Sagola, but much less so and shorter than in Rafonus. The pro-

notum has constantly two small discal fovee at the middle, besides

the complex subbasal impressions, and the metasternum a long

broad deep canal extending posteriorly from the outer side of the

middle acetabula.

The remarkable asymmetric modifications of the sixth ventral

segment of the female and the ventral pygidium of the male have

been alluded to above. They are present in both of our genera,

and probably constitute one of the most characteristic distinguish-

ing features of the tribe. The asymmetry affects very different

forms in the various species of the same genus, as may be seen

from the few examples figured on the plate.'

1 The staphylinide genus Palaminus is also remarkable in having asym-

metric male sexual characters at the ventral apex.

436 Coleopterological Notices, V.

I cannot entirely agree with Mr. Raffray in considering the head

in Sonoma as even broadly tuberculate. If the front in this genus

has an antennal tubercle, it is difficult for me to conceive of any

method of distinguishing between the presence or absence of a

tubercle. Probably there is no such line of demarcation, but

assuredly if the front in Sonoma is tuberculate, there are very

few genera known to me which might not be forced by effort of

the imagination into this same condition. In my own opinion,

the tuberculate condition can only obtain when the front is strongly

narrowed and more or less prolonged, with the antenne approxi-

mate at base, the two supra-antennal prominences then come to-

gether, or nearly so, to form the tubercle.

My reasons for maintaining the validity of this genus, which is

said by Mr. Raffray (Rev. d’Ent., 1893, p. 15) to be identical with

Sagola, are several. In the first place, the genus Sagola as consti-

tuted in the interesting work of Raffray, is evidently composite,

and the cephalic characters alone of such species as excavata and

sulcata of Broun, show that these at least are very aberrant and

in all probability generically distinct. The peculiar frontal pit in

Sonoma is such a constant and characteristic feature, that any

decided modification of it is almost sure to be accompanied by other

striking differences. Again, the fact that in our own fauna we have

two distinct genera of this tribe, both conforming to the general

organization of Sagola, tends still further to indicate that neither

of them can be identical with that genus. Finally, the fact that a

considerable number of Californian species, all indeed known from

that region, have certain characters, previously disregarded but

here assumed to be of generic value, perfectly and completely con-

stant, tends to show that the genus Sagola as now organized is

really a group of genera, perhaps as trulv so as the old genus

Euplectus. This will I think be admitted if, as in the present case,

the newly discovered species range themselves into groups having

certain peculiarities of abdominal, cephalic or thoracic structure in

common. The generic value of these characters will depend solely

upon their constancy throughout groups of species, and not upon

any previously assumed criterion of their relative importance.

Our species are well characterized and may be distinguished as

follows :—

Black or piceous-black, the elytra rufous; antenne rather stout but.of the

VISUAL LEMG EI. sae vcs seseptreguions svete daiheihealaretedarpaaiasaisencue spina ceidas tanen ls ction

Coleopterological Notices, V. 437

Rufous or flavo-testaceous in various shades, never in the least black or

piceous.

Tempora as prominent as the eye, TOUNdE..........00scecee eee eee COPLICINA

Tempora always less prominent than the eye.

Head as wide as the prothorax ; tempora parallel but less prominent than

the eye; prothorax hexagonal ...........00 cee eee ceeceeecsoeeee SPAMGICE PS

Head invariably distinctly narrower ithe ike pibinorae.

Prothorax about as long aS Wide.........0scesceecee cee ceeeee ee MOMEICOLLIS

Prothorax more or less strongly transverse.

Elytra fully twice as long as the prothorax; frontal margin much

narrower than the neck.

Head larger; tempora at first ete me convergent, then strongly

rounded to the neck. Biorectisanen acceso calc . SUDSiMilis

Head very small, seks, narrower hon the bahia tempora

extremely convergent and broadly, ed rounded from the eye

EOMUINGMMCCHS | clooe/e asic aicisiin'eeiaae¥oniesninai adlioeioaanedeaners rubida

Elytra distinctly re than twice as eae as ae Oho frontal

margin subequal in width to the neck.

Prothorax widest before the middle ............0..0.0.+.. PArVICE PS

Prothorax widest at about the middle; smaller species, 1.6 mm.

in length, paler in color, the head relatively larger, with the

tempora more strongly convergent and broadly rounded from the

eye; elytra shorter, more abruptly expanded and rounded at

the sides behind ...........cccceccescee cee sce vcssceccscccoes oes CA WILFOMS

S. grandiceps n. sp.—Slender, parallel, polished, subimpunctate, pale

rufo-testaceous, the pubescence coarse and sparse. Head large, as wide as the

prothorax, wider than long, the frontal margin bisinuate and as wide as the

neck, equalling three-fifths of the maximum width; eyes well developed,

moderately convex; tempora parallel behind the eyes but not quite as promi-

nent, then strongly rounded to the neck; subapical fovea very large, deep,

nearly as wide as long, triangular, with the apex behind; fovez of the vertex

as usual; antenne slender, as long as the head and prothorax, the outer

joints incrassate. Prothorax hexagonal, but slightly wider than long, widest

and narrowly rounded at the middle, the sides almost equally, strongly

convergent and nearly straight thence to base and apex, the latter but very

slightly narrower than the base; large subbasal impression as usual, punc-

tate in the middle and just behind each lateral extremity, also prolonged

anteriorly at the sides, each spur extending to and including one of the usual

discal punctures ; lateral subbasal fovee isolated. lytra fully as long as the

head and prothorax and one-half wider than the latter, rather longer than

wide, the sides nearly straight, feebly divergent, broadly, feebly arcuate near

the apex, the discal stria excavated beyond the middle. Abdomen rather

longer than the elytra but scarcely as wide, parallel, the border relatively not

quite as wide as usual; structure throughout normal, the fourth visible dorsal

nearly one-half longer than the third. Length 1.4 mm.; width 0.35 mm.

438 Coleopterological Notices, V.

California (Sta. Cruz Co.).

The male of this remarkably isolated species has the venter

abruptly and strongly, subcircularly concave near the apex, the

sides of the concavity on the disk of the fifth segment acutely ele-

vated, the cusp-like elevation with a tuft of long stiff sete. In the

female the transverse apex of the sixth segment is a little more

emarginate on the right, the middle produced as an abrupt rounded

cusp. A single pair.

This is the smallest, narrowest and most parallel species of the

genus.

S. longicollis n. sp.—Moderately stout, depressed, polished, impunctate,

rufo-testaceous and coarsely, very sparsely pubescent throughout. Head about

four-fifths as wide as the prothorax, distinctly wider than long, the frontal

margin feebly arcuate, equalling one-half the maximum width and as wide as

the neck; eyes rather large, moderately prominent; tempora to the neck as

large as the eye, strongly rounded, not at all prominent; frontal pit large,

oval, more acutely rounded behind, abrupt, extremely deep and cavernous,

with the bottom spongy; foveze of the vertex small, nude, situated behind

the middle and distant by less than one-third of the total width ; antenne a

little longer than the head and prothorax, gradually slightly thicker toward

tip, eighth joint subglobular, ninth and tenth transverse. Prothorax very

nearly as long as wide, widest before the middle where the sides are strongly

rounded, very strongly convergent anteriorly, sinuate near the apex, the latter —

feebly subtubulate, convergent and nearly straight in basal half; discal fovee

minute, at the middle, separated by one-fourth the width ; transverse impres-

sion just behind basal third straight, abruptly, minutely foveate at the middle

and just behind each end ; lateral fovezx at basal fourth large, nude and free.

Elytra subquadrate, two-thirds longer than the prothorax and, near the apex,

nearly twice as wide; sides more inflated and arcuate posteriorly ; sutural

striz coarsely punctate near the base, discal very coarsely, deeply impressed

and coarsely punctate in basal half, continued very feebly and indefinitely

by a series of feeble punctures nearly to the apex, approaching the suture;

intermediate region with a series of two or three coarse subbasal punctures.

Abdomen about as long and wide as the elytra, the first visible dorsal scarcely

more than one-half as long as the second, with the interrupted pubescent line

broad. Length 1.6 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

California (Sta. Cruz Co.).

The single male before me has the abdomen deflexed behind, the

venter broadly, indefinitely impressed near the apex but without

further modification, except a very feeble transverse tumidity near

the anterior margin of the sixth segment. Seventh or anal seg-

ment of the usual structure, with the oblique asymmetric median

portion rounded throughout behind.

Coleopterologicai Notices, V. 439

The unusually elongate prothorax will readily distinguish this

species.

S. sabaimnilis n. sp.—Rather wide, feebly subcuneiform, polished, im-

punctate, rufo-testaceous throughout ; pubescence very sparse. Head wider

than long, slightly though distinctly narrower than the prothorax, the frontal

margin arcuate, much narrower than the neck ; eyes well developed, convex ;

tempora moderately convergent, broadly rounded to the neck ; subapical pit

large, very deep, abrupt, but slightly longer than wide; two punctures behind

the middle separated by much less than one-third the width; antenne two-

fifths as long as the body, slender, last three joints gradually larger, basal

joint thick, elongate, cylindrical, nearly as long as the next two. Prothorax

one-third wider than long, widest at the middle where the sides are strongly

rounded, strongly convergent anteriorly, more feebly so in basal half and

feebly sinuate; base two-thirds wider than the apex; median punctures

faint; subbasal excavation large, deep, transversely lunate, with a deeper

punctiform fovea at the middle and each end; lateral subbasal fovez isolated,

large, deep. lytra as long as the head and prothorax, two-thirds wider than

the latter, about as long as wide; sides feebly divergent, broadly arcuate ;

discal punctate stria deeply excavated before the middle; the other punctures

and sutural stria as usual. Abdomen about as long and wide as the elytra,

the first visible dorsal short, with the usual pubescent line; fourth nearly one-

half longer than the third. Legs slender. Length 1.7 mm.; width 0.65 mm.

California (Sonoma Co.).

In the single male the abdomen is deflexed toward apex, the

venter broadly, indefinitely impressed behind, the fifth seement not

modified but having the pubescence erect, with a very wide area in

apical half completely glabrous, impunctate and highly polished,

the posterior edge even throughout; sixth with a transverse, feebly.

tumid line behind the anterior margin, bearing a fringe of erect

sete. Anal segment with the unevenly oval included segment far

to the left of the center. |

This species is allied to parviceps, but differs in its larger head

with relatively much narrower frontal margin, and in the male

sexual characters.

S. rubida n. sp.—Broader, feebly subcuneiform, polished, impunctate,

sparsely pubescent, deep rufo-testaceous throughout, the elytra paler. Head

small, scarcely more than two-thirds as wide as the prothorax, wider than

long ; eyes large, convex, the tempora very rapidly convergent and broadly

rounded to the neck, the latter distinctly wider than the truncate frontal mar-

gin and rather more than one-half as wide as the maximum width; frontal

pit deep, abrupt, acutely rounded behind ; fovee small, behind the middle,

distant by nearly one-third the width ; antennz two-fifths as long as the body,

440 Coleopterological Notices, Fi

gradually and distinctly incrassate toward apex. Prothorax fully one-half

wider than long, widest at the middle where the sides are very strongly

rounded, thence very rapidly convergent and broadly sinuate to the neck,

less convergent and just visibly sinuate to the base, which i is about twice as

wide as the apex; median fovee very feeble, separated by rather more than

one-fourth the width; impression at basal fourth broadly, evenly arcuate,

minutely foveate in the middle and at each end; lateral impressions large,

disconnected. Llytra confusedly sparsely and very feebly punctulate, rather

longer than wide, fully twice as long as the prothorax and two-thirds wider;

sides very feebly, gradually divergent from base to apex and just visibly

arcuate; discal stria deeply, coarsely impressed in basal half. Abdomen fully

as wide as the elytra but barely as long; border strongly inclined, one-fifth

as wide as the disk ; first exposed dorsal one-half as long as the second, with

the usual fine pubescent line; two to four gradually increasing in length.

Legs moderate, slender. Length 1.6-2.1 mm.; width 0.6-0.7 mm.

California (San Francisco and Sta. Cruz).

The male has the abdomen more deflexed at apex, the venter

broadly, indefinitely impressed near the tip, but not otherwise at

all modified; the anal segment has a cuneiform, anteriorly pointed

and submedian part, nearer the left than the right side and gradu-

ally flexed to the right anteriorly. This median part is probably

homologous with the flat enclosed pygidium of certain Euplectini,

but in the latter group it is bilaterally symmetrical. The female

has the transverse apex of the sixth ventral modified in a feeble but

complicated and indescribable manner, the anal segment behind it

broadly angulate and slightly but acutely produced at tip.

Not closely allied to any other species, the largest of the genus,

about equal to Rafonus tolule. It is represented before me by a

large and homogeneous series.

S. parviceps Mékl.—Bull. Mosce., 1852, ii, p. 372 (Euplectus); Brendel :

Bull. Univ. lowa, 1890, p. 79 (Faronus); Raffray; Rev. d’Ent., 1893, p. 30

(Sagola).

Rather broad, deep rufo-testaceous, polished, impunctate and

sparsely pubescent throughout. Head small, transverse, fully

three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, with the usual sculpture;

tempora nearly straight behind the eye but distinctly convergent,

then more strongly rounded to the neck, the latter but slightly

wider than the apical margin. Prothorax rather large, about one-

fourth wider than long, widest and strongly rounded distinctly

before the middle, the sides convergent and deeply sinuate thence

to the base, the latter two-thirds wider than the apex; sculpture

Coleopterological Notices, V. 441

nearly as in subsimilis. Elytra longer than the head and protho-

rax, fully three-fourths wider than the latter, nearly as long as

wide, with the usual sculpture. Abdomen rather longer than the

elytra and fully as wide, of normal structure. Length 2.0 mm.;

width 0.7 mm.

The male in the LeConte cabinet from which I have taken these

characters, is in an imperfect condition, lacking the antenne; it is

one of the original Frankenheuser types. The fifth ventral is

broadly, feebly emarginate almost in median two-fifths, the surface

bordering the emargination feebly concave, polished and glabrous;

sixth broadly, feebly lobed anteriorly, the lobe fitting the emargina-

tion of the fifth, the surface along the edge of the lobe thrown up

in a distinct acute and arcuate ridge, bearing an erect fringe of

sete, and, behind the ridge, feebly impressed, glabrous and pol-

ished. Anal segment with the usual median piece far to the left

of the center.

RAFONUS n. gen.

This genus resembles Sonoma in general organization and form

of the body, but differs greatly in many points, the generic value

of which it is difficult to overlook. The head is smaller than the

prothorax, the frontal margin broadly angulate, subequal in width

to the neck and rather less than one-half as wide as the width

across the eyes, the antennal prominences strongly elevated, widely

distant and separated by a broad rounded depression, which is not

at all sulciform. Immediately behind the line of the antenne there

is a very large and extremely deep pit, as in Sonoma, abruptly de-

fined throughout its circumference, more acutely rounded behind

and subtruncate anteriorly ; there are also two distant nude fovez

on the vertex. The maxillary palpi have the first joint very small.

The antenne are slender, moniliform, one-half as long as the body,

the Jast three joints abruptly wider, forming a loose, but distinct

elub. Prothorax slightly transverse, with the usual complex trans-

verse, subbasal impression and isolated lateral foveee, without discal

fovee. Hlytra much shorter than wide, but slightly longer though

much wider than the prothorax, the sides strongly divergent. Ab-

domen at least three-fourths longer than the elytra, the four first

visible dorsal segments gradually increasing in length,

Annas N.Y. Acap. Sc1., VII, Nov. 1893,.—29

449 | Coleopterological Notices, V.

The single species was described by LeConte under the name

Faronus tolulez. It occurs in Pennsylvania and Georgia and ap-

pears to be rare.

EUPLECTINI.

The tribes or groups Euplectini and Trichonyni of Reitter and

Raffray, cannot be maintained as distinct and natural aggregates

of genera, and should be united to form the single tribe Euplectini.

The auxiliary tarsal claw varies by successive degrees in different

genera and species otherwise closely related, so that it is impossible

to draw any line of demarcation between two groups founded upon

this character, or any other which it seems possible to discover.

The second tarsal] claw is distinctly visible as a minute hair-like

appendage in at least several species of European Euplectus, in

Trimiopsis, and also in Actium, which was recently re-described by

Mr. Raffray under the name Proplectus and placed in the “ Tricho-

nyni.’’? I have seen the second rudimentary claw plainly in Biblo-

porus bicanalis and HLuplectus californicus. Finally in Huplectus

erinitus the auxiliary claw becomes as large, conspicuous and fully

formed as in Trichonyx itself, and yet in general habitus and details

of structure crinitus is unmistakably very closely allied to Euplectus,

and should not be widely separated from that genus.

The so-called second claw is always in the nature of an appendage,

even in Trichonyx, Oropus and other typical trichonychide genera.

That is to say—the large claw is in every case perfectly in the

plane of the axis of the tarsus, the auxiliary claw projecting laterally

from its base.

In view of the great diversity in the relative size and distinctness

of the second tarsal claw, in pronotal structure and in the general

type of male sexual characters among our species of EHuplectini, a

revision of them from a generic standpoint seems imperative. This

I have attempted in the following table, it being unnecessary in

treating a single limited fauna to indicate groups or subtribes by

special designation :—

Antenne inserted at the inferior apical angles of an extremely narrow advanced

and porrect frontal process, the tubercle formed by a complete amalgama-

tion of the antennal prominences without trace of dividing sulcus; basal

joint of the antenne elongate-oval; ungual appendage not distinct.

Rhinoscepsis

Coleopterological Notices, V. 443

Antenne slightly less approximate, the frontal tubercle shorter and wider but

very pronounced, with the sides behind it constricted, the antennal

prominences narrowly separated by a very deep sulcus; antenne as in

Oropus ; ungual appendage visible but exceedingly minute...... Worius

Antenne not inserted on a frontal tubercle, more or less widely distant at

base.. “oo groode nenete 6: bc duicaslode dun deo bon “upeccoadnnpesece “Ore cre aopscanpctan daar ceo

er eaninse. Pi rilete, tine eal Joint lew ees P sro choi pilansde appen-

dagejof the tarsal claw Cistinct ......0..0.c0eceeccsceccsoacsescesceceees MRMCKIUS

Antenne not geniculate, the basal joint normal.......ccccceccesccecse ses sessersereecd

3—Ungual appendage oy; and conspicuous, approaching one-half the length

of the principal claw.. Bacioa sia cfamamawienisinnahinals spinastecdlace ac ciitetses aes ceutsasitesenaeee

Ungual appendage more or ‘es minute, pnt puheratly visible, in some cases

MAE er OUSOLCLO,ticuccerisegapelesers dalawe cebitice Sdsidewces bawledsemsiavdlocsises auelssesoeenera

4—Prothorax with an acute marginal tooth at each “idle near ie base ; first

dorsal segment longer than the second; male sexual modifications affect-

Me MOMrt COUSAl GESMICIE 2.5 sac cen ces coe senicenisseiada codec ove . Oropus

Prothorax without lateral spines, we ee tig aehele a unevenly

crenulate along the sides in basal half; first dorsal not distinctly longer

than the second.

Head more transverse ; body shorter ; pronotum with a fine subentire median

groove ; secondary male sexual characters affecting the fourth tergite.

Rhexidius

Head less transverse; body longer, more parallel; pronotum without discal

impression ; male characters near the apex of the abdomen beneath, or

near the middle of the lateral edges; maxillary palpi partially received

in deep sublateral fosse, which are separated from the cardo of the max-

ille by minute slender porrect ProCeSSeS........seccececeeeececceee- MRARRC CIA

oo club gradually formed, the last joint relatively moderate in

ae fh Pope atin almost satires: of He ‘after ayant terminal joint ;

pronotum without discal impressions; first dorsal segment subequal to

blo S SS S00C cyonce bos cnsiosedab nea cubige subbeo bod DCH nos Doc. Aeanrin ges Sodidco ncenOnNCe Comocoeceaep Ll.

Fe esternam n not Hoan nese tite nade nd Anti ociGne CEORERCCA oa. vsc Gdn Ups eo

Prosternum finely but strongly carinate in the cnadlalle Hiroe Wes the length ;

antenne less distant than in Euplectus ................ etme in sat

%—Prosternum with two distant diverging enpituainal caring ; elytra with

two discal strie and three basal fovee ; abdomen without ee of basal

impressions or carine, the segments equal in length........... Odropodes

Prosternum without diverging lines; abdomen at least impressed at the middle

fGuene ist two orithree dorsal SMES . 1.0.6. sccen cacices sasiesnsteaceeses casececer

S—First dorsal not longer than the second ; palpal fosse wide, shallow, more

inferior and posterior, and not separated from the maxille by porrect

SA se ete cata tee eek oisictis gin a/arislcidd vate oles dels « aici aiv's/=ein nucia\ nis] sseelslcaleidaieaar ea sie eishieoietoris ese oh

First dorsal much longer than the second.. Sensors Sioonpel)

9—KEyes large, bordered above and Beaeath in a ed tat epee ele pro-

notum with three very large, feebly connected, subbasal excavations,

without discal impression ; elytra and sexual characters as in Euplectus.

Acolonia

444 Coleopterological Notices, V.

Eyes normal.

Pronotum with a subcentral discal impression ; elytra with a discal stria.

Head large, truncate, the antennz very remote; abdomen with distinct

basal carine; male with a transversely subrhomboidal and Jongitudi-

nally carinate terminal segment of the venter.............. Euplectus

Head generally smaller, the front always more abruptly and strongly

narrowed; antenne less distant ; abdomen without basal carine ; male

with the flat oval subenclosed ventral pygidium of Ramecia and Actium ;

species in general decidedly more minute than in Euplectus.

Thesiastes

Pronotum without a discal impression ; elytra without a discal stria.

Bibloplectus

10—Pronotum without a discal impression................... Trimioplectus

1 i—Pronotum with the three subbasal fovez, not transversely connected ;

each usually prolonged forward in an impressed line....... Bibloporus

Pronotum having the subbasal fovez connected by a transverse sulcus.

Antenne moderately distant at base; eyes rudimentary in the female;

prosternum long before the coxe ; tenth antennal joint normal; pronotum

with an elongate discal sulcus; male with feeble abdominal characters.

Eutyphlus

Antenne somewhat less distant at base; eyes nearly similar in the sexes ;

prosternum short; tenth antennal joint larger than usual; pronotum

with a small subapical discal impression; body shorter, convex; male

with a small flat subcircular and enclosed pygidium at the ventral apex.

Thesium

12—Prothorax with rather well-defined edges at the sides toward base, and

with two distinct latero-subbasal fovee on the disk ; elytra with a discal

Prothorax without lateral edges or sublateral fovee, the transverse sulcus

continued on the flanks; elytra without discal stria, the latter replaced

by a larger deep and subelongate basal impression .......... Trimiopsis

Distinguishing peculiarities in thoracic structure both pronotal

and prosternal, it will be noticed, have been freely used in the above

table in defining the genera. J am quite convinced that this is the

proper course to take in dealing with the genera, at any rate in

some parts of this particular tribe: first, because every distinct

peculiarity in the structure of this part of the body, appears to be

accompanied by radical divergencies in other important features.

Taking the old genus Euplectus as represented within our faunal

limits, for example, we find that all of those species without the

discal pit of the pronotum are distinguished either (Ramecia) by a

formation of the tarsal claws identical with that of Trichonyx, or

(Bibloplectus) by an extremely minute size of body and more

Coleopterological Notices, V. 445

approximate antenne, or (Acolonia) by a peculiar structure of the

lateral parts of the head near the eyes.

Secondly, because we find these differences accompanied in every

instance by radical divergencies in the type of male sexual manifes-

tation, a feature which in the Pselaphidze possesses an importance

which has not always been duly appreciated. In many parts of

this family the developmental energy, so to speak, or the energy

expended in differentiating species, seems to have been exerted

solely upon the males, the females remaining mutually almost

similar. This is a familiar fact among the species of Reichenbachia

and Batrisus. Types of male sexual modification have therefore

great importance, and, when the same type pervades a number of

species otherwise allied, we are frequently even compelled to sepa-

rate and define genera by such characters alone, as has been done

by Reitter in the case of Ctenistes and Sognorus and as I have

already tried to demonstrate in regard to the allies of Bryaxis( Bull.

CalAcad: Sci., Il, p. 179).

MORIUS n. gen.

This remarkable genus occupies a position with respect to Oropus

nearly corresponding with that of Rhinoscepsis to Kuplectus. The

head is strongly but gradually narrowed before the eyes, forming

at apex a wide but strong antennal tubercle, rendered still more

prominent by lateral constrictions immediately behind it, the very

pronounced antennal prominences separated by a coarse, deeply ex-

cavated fossa, which behind them becomes shallower and bifurcates,

sending a feeble oblique sulcus to each of the vertexal fovee. The

antenne are almost exactly as in Oropus though very narrowly

separated at base. ‘The under surface is smooth and without trace

of carine or palpal fosse, but has in the middle just behind the

mentum, a very abruptly and strongly elevated, broad and parallel

elevation which terminates abruptly midway to the neck. Maxil-

lary palpi well developed, sparsely pubescent; first joint small ;

second finely pedunculate in basal half, the apical half abruptly and

strongly claviform ; third smaller than the clava of the second, sub-

globular; fourth nearly as long as the preceding together, stouter,

fusiform, twice as long as wide, with a long slender terminal pro-

cess. The other oral organs are normal in structure, the mentum

small, the labial palpi minute and slender. Prosternum long, ob-

oo) 7)

liquely, feebly biimpressed, the mesosternum with two anteriorly

446 Coleopterological Notices, V.

convergent carine and three pubescent fovez, and the metasternum

in the middle one-half longer than the intermediate coxe. The an-

terior cox are long and conical, the intermediate narrowly sepa-

rated by the meso- and metasternal processes which meet just before

their median line, the posterior transverse, contiguous, moderately

prominent internally. Abdomen with six dorsal and seven ventral

segments, the first ventral unusually long, greatly visible behind

the cox throughout, and, in the middle, nearly one-half as long as

the second, the latter very large, as long as the entire remainder ;

first dorsal covered, the second much longer than the third, with a

deep, transversely oval and pubescent excavation at the middle of

the base; margin moderately wide, inclined.

There appears to be but one species as follows :—

M. Occidens n. sp.—Moderately stout and convex, polished, dark rufo-

testaceous throughout, subimpunctate, the elytra coarsely sparsely and very

feebly rugoso-punctate ; pubescence long, coarse, erect, not very abundant

except at the antero-lateral and under surfaces of the head where it is erect

bristling and very dense. Head as wide as the prothorax, as long as wide;

eyes small, just behind the middle; outline behind them almost semi-circu-

lar; fovee on a line through the eyes, distant by one-half the total width ;

antenne a little longer than the head and prothorax, stout, first joint cylin-

drical, longer than wide, second a little narrower, globular, three to eight still

slightly smaller, transverse, five and seven larger than six and eight, ninth

and tenth larger, transverse, eleventh subquadrate, broadly conical at apex.

Prothorax nearly as wide as long, widest at apical third, the sides thence feebly

convergent and straight to the base but with a shallow emargination midway,

strongly convergent and sinuate anteriorly to the neck, the latter two-thirds

as wide as the base; disk with a strong transverse excavation at basal third

from side to side, divided into three parts by two cariniform elevations, the

lateral portions irregular and continued to the base, the median consisting of

three large coalescent fovez, the middle one more posterior, continued forward

beyond the center of the disk by an almost imperceptible impression ; surface

just before the basal margin divided into five nearly equal deep impressions

by four short longitudinal carine, the lateral communicating with the irregu-

lar lateral impressions as before mentioned, and the middle one similarly with

the median discal impression, the two others deeper and more foveiform.

Elytra short, two-fifths wider than long, one-half longer than the prothorax

and fully twice as wide, one-half wider near the apex than at base; sides

strongly oblique and nearly straight; humeri obsolete ; disk with the single

arcuate sutural stria only, also with a deep stria and post-humeral fovea on

the flanks, each with four basal fovee, the two infra-humeral coalescent and

prolonged posteriorly for a very short distance as a broad gradually evanes-

cent impression ; intermediate fovea isolated, without trace of stria. Abdomen

fully as wide as the elytra and distinctly longer. Legs slender; posterior

Coleopterological Notices, V. , 447

tarsi long and slender, the third joint a little longer than the second, with a

rather long single claw, having an exceedingly minute basal appendage as in

Euplectus. Length 1.6 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

California (Sta. Cruz Co.).

The unique type is unfortunately broken into a number of pieces

from which the measurement has been compounded ; it is apparently

a female.

OROPUS Casey.

The median thoracic sulcus, which is so characteristic a feature

of Oropus and Rhexidius, is subject to singular malformation in

both of these genera, being sometimes completely interrupted or

irregularly broken up, apparently by reason of accidental circum-

stances attending emergence from the pupa, when the integuments

are in a plastic condition. I have figured one of these malforma-

tions in a species described under the name interruptus, and Dr.

Brendel has recorded another case in his description of Rhexidius

intermedius.

The species of Oropus are readily divisible into two groups as

follows :—

First dorsal segment relatively shorter; eyes in the female much smaller

than in the male, the latter with the fourth dorsal not greatly modified,

having simply a transverse subbasal line of minute pubescence ; females

very rare in proportion to the males; spevies generally larger.

Head small, much narrower than the prothorax .....................- Striatus

Head much larger, equal in width to the prothorax or extremely nearly so.

Head and prothorax relatively smaller, the thoracic teeth exceedingly

WN TS .ccrand dedigao hist goo to Pacgniceu doneBocarloac ndd Bro duceonene acne - Convexus

Head and eee ces lioinete hon eee more i anced,

Male with the fourth dorsal unimpressed, having a long very fine,

transversely arcuate line of minute pubescence.......imterruptus

Male with the fourth dorsal impressed along the broader and shorter,

nearly straight subbasal line of pubescence; elytral strize more

abbreviated : Size Smaller sive .eciec vot cee ene cee ence -abbreviatus

First dorsal relatively much acer, eyes in oh unis nae slightly smaller

_ than in the male, but with the facets smaller and mutually much more

distant ; male with the fourth dorsal broadly concave, the upper margin

produced posteriorly and closing inferiorly the produced median lobe of

the third; males rare, the females abundant; size generally smaller ;

elytra more abbreviated.

Larger species ; pronotum sparsely and simply punctate throughout.

montanus

Small species; pronotum densely and strongly granulose between the trans-

verse sulcus and the basal margin..........0escseessceoeeeeseee ee CAVICAUdA

448 Coleopterological Notices, V.

Among the fifteen representatives of the first group in my cabinet

there is only one female, while among the sixteen specimens of the

second group there are only three males. This indicates without

doubt a difference in the life habits of the species composing the

two sections of the genus, which should perhaps be treated as sub-

genera. The peculiar conformation of the elytral striz mentioned

by me in the description of montanus (Bull. Cal. Acad., II, p. 479)

is a malformation; it is not observable in any other of the nume-

rous examples in my cabinet, many of which are from Sta. Cruz Co.

O. cavicauda n. sp.—Moderately stout, convex, shining, dark rufo-

testaceous throughout; pubescence moderate in length. rather abundant.

Head much wider than long, very slightly narrower than the prothorax, sub-

hexagonal, the eyes small, much nearer the base than the apex, the tempora

strongly convergent, rather longer than the eye and nearly straight; fovez

deep, widely separated, connected by the usual deep parabolic groove;

antennal tubercles strong, each with a deep rounded fovea immediately above

and behind the point of antennal insertion ; surface polished, subimpunctate,

beneath minutely punctate and finely, densely setose; antenne short, stout,

the tenth joint fully twice as wide as long, eleventh stout, conoidal, as long

as the preceding four. Prothorax about as long as wide, widest at the middle;

sides convergent and rounded to the apex, convergent and straight to the

base ; apex narrower than the base, subtubulate; lateral teeth small but well

formed and distinct; disk with the usual fovee and sulci, rather coarsely

feebly and sparsely punctate, the punctures becoming granuliform near the

base. Elytra not as long as wide, one-half longer and fully three-fourths

wider than the prothorax, the three discal striz deep, rather short, none ex-

tending much beyond the middle. Abdomen scarcely longer but a little nar-

rower than the elytra, the first dorsal constituting one-half its total length

from above, the basal impression two-thirds of the total width, not carinate.

Length 1.4 mm.; width 0.5 mm. ee

California (Marin Co.).

A single male, having the third dorsal acutely produced in a tri-

angular lobe, the fourth vertieal, concave, not visible from above,

glabrous, polished, impunctate throughout except abruptly, densely

so along the lower margin. -With the male type is associated a

female from Siskiyou, whieh agrees very well. This is by far the

smallest known species of the genus.

In all of the species of this genus the elytra have, along the apical

margin, an even row of small slender porrect and strigose scales.

“he —s- a ea

Coleopterological Notices, V. 449

RHEXIDIUS Casey.

This genus is closely allied to Oropus, but differs in the absence

of well-defined and acute marginal thoracic teeth, in the more minute

size and shorter, more robust form of the body, and in the shorter

first dorsal segment. This latter character, however, in view of the

variation seen in the two groups of Oropus, may not be of decisive

value. Although the different habitus of the two genera prompts

me to believe that they are really distinct, there are two characters,

in addition to general organization, which serve to show further

how closely they are really allied, viz.: the presence of the peculiar

granuliform sculpture of Rhexidius in Oropus cavicauda, and the

fact that the part of the body subject to sexual modification is the

fourth dorsal segment.

I have not seen the eastern species recently described by Brendel,

but Huplectus canaliculatus Lec. appears to be congeneric, although

differing in having but three basal fovez and obsolete discal strie,

instead of the four basal fovez and three short striz of the two Cali-

fornian representatives; even here however there is considerable

variation in this respect, the two outer fovee being much more

approximate or semi-coalescent in granulosus than in asperulus.

The basal fovez will be shown to be without value as a generic

character also in several other parts of the Kuplectini. &. canali-

culatus was recently redescribed by Mr. Raffray under the name

Prorhexius sylvalicus (Rev. d’Ent., 1890, p. 197).

The two known Californian species are the following : —

Elytra short, transverse, but slightly longer than the prothorax, the head and

prothorax relatively large ; pubescence coarse, longer and sparser.

granulosus

Elytra large, about as long as wide, subequal in length to the head and pro-

thorax together, the latter both smaller; pubescence shorter, denser and

BOM, EC UITIVEINL |. soe.cue po. necleavicdloer scceadeta cee vod ene soe seeees caves AS PCTULUS

Both of these species are represented by large series in my

cabinet.

R. asperulus n. sp.—Rather stout, convex, shining, dark rufo-testace-

ous throughout, noticeably pubescent, the head and pronotum covered with

small sparse granuliform punctures. closer on the head, the elytra and abdo-

men rather strongly, sparsely punctate, the punctures feebly asperate. Head

transverse, thick, just visibly narrower than the prothorax, with two small

deep nude and very remote fovez which are entirely isolated, also, just behind

450 Coleopterological Notices, V.

the frontal margin, a long deep abrupt evenly and feebly arcuate groove, not

connected in any way with the fovee but flexed obtusely outward at the sides,

crossing the antennal tubercles; eyes moderate; tempora convergent behind

them; antenne nearly as long as the head and prothorax, with the last joint

subequal to the five preceding; under surface with rather dense erect sete.

Prothorax but slightly wider than long, widest and rather strongly rounded at

the middle, the sides convergent and straight thence to the base ; apex broadly

and feebly subtubulate; median sulcus not quite attaining the apex, the

transverse line beyond basal fourth. Eiytra subquadrate, the humeri much

more rectangular and wide exposed than in granulosus, nearly twice as wide

as the prothorax; three discal striz distinct, the outer very short. Abdomen

scarcely as long as the elytra—viewed vertically—and but slightly narrower,

the first dorsal not in the least longer than the second. Length 1.2 mm.;

width 0.45 mm.

California (San Francisco and Sta. Cruz Cos.).

The male sexual characters are feeble, the fourth dorsal being

broadly impressed at each side of the base, each impression extend-

ing from near the middle to near the lateral margin and having its

posterior limiting line posteriorly arcuate, the impressed surface

glabrous polished and impunctate; the punctures of the third dorsal

become very dense along the apical margin, the latter not otherwise

abnormal. In the male of granulosus the two basal impressions

are almost contiguous. The sculpture of the head in both of these

species is altogether different from anything known in Oropus.

In canaliculatus the general features of cephalic sculpture are the

same, but in the male of that species the transverse frontal marginal

ridge is tuberculate in the middle, and, further, the fourth dorsal is

not modified, the venter having a broad shallow lunate impression

near the apex. ‘hese differences, taken in connection with elytral

structure, may be of subgeneric value.

RAMECIA nt. gen.

The true affinities of this genus are rather difficult to state, for,

in spite of its great, similarity to Euplectus, it has the second tarsal

claw well developed, and differs considerably besides in the struc-

ture of the mouth and palpal fosse. The species also differ much

among themselves, especially in general appearance, but are suffi-

ciently homogeneous in oral and pronotal structure, as well as other

essential points of organization.

The most variable of the minor structural features is perhaps the

abdominal carine. These are short in all, and, in one at least, be-

Coleopterological Notices, V. 45]

come completely obsolete; in crinita, however, they are distinct

and finely cariniform on the first three tergites. In decora they

become very widely separated. The discal stria of the elytra is

also very inconstant in form, and there may be three basal fovee,

although two appears to be the general rule.

The known species are only six in number and may be thus dis-

tinguished :—

Head smaller than the prothorax.

Body elongate, depressed and subparallel, the punctures dense and asperu-

MM Rede Mee te essa rSinies. SalSeiclawteogvoinm nae eiovaasbeleesdeloibae headleninee déceccasterewe MOAN Ce

Body shorter, convex, smooth and polished, the pubescence much less con-

spicuous ; integuments subimpunctate .........................-Capitulum

Head as wide as the prothorax ; body shorter, compact and more or less con-

vex.

Elytra with two basal fovee ; abdominal caring minute.

Discal stria of elytra coarsely impressed, gradually dilated toward base ;

pubescence longer, distinct; basal carine of abdomen less distant.

The stria very short, vanishing far before the middle.........arcuata

The stria long, extending far behind the middle................discreta

Discal stria very fine, arcuate, extending fully to apical fourth, more

abruptiy dilated and foveate at base; pubescence sparse and exces-

sively minute; carine of abdomen minute and unusually distant, sepa-

rated by fully one-half the discal width..................ee000 00+ CECOrFA

Elytra with three basal fovee; basal impression and carinze of abdomen

completely obsolete ..........cecceeeee sce eee eee sceccs coe cesceecee ee GOMtiventris

The finely subgranulate punctures of the anterior parts of the

body in crinita, is interesting and significant in view of the preva-

lence of this type in Rhexidius.

In arcuata there seem to be two very short triangular abdominal

carine ; I cannot discover any however in discreta, but the type of

this species is not in entirely perfect condition.

R. discreta n. sp —Subparallel, moderately convex, polished, dark rufo-

testaceous ; the abdomen somewhat more piceons; integuments subimpunc-

tate; pubescence coarse, stiff, rather abundant and semi-erect. Head fully

as wide as the prothorax, rather wider than long, the apex truncate and two-

thirds as wide as the maximum width; fovee distinct, separated by nearly

oné-half the total width, connected by a deep entire and impressed parabolic

sulcus ; antennal prominences crossed by a fine shallow groove; eyes small

but prominent, much shorter than the tempora, the latter large, convergent ;

base very broad, sinuate; antenne one-half longer than the head, normal in

structure; under surface with a few widely scattered short erect and coarse

capitulate sete. Prothorax very slightly wider than long, widest at the middle,

the sides thence convergent and broadly, evenly arcuate to the apex, also

452 Coleopterological Notices, V.

abruptly convergent and just visibly sinuate thence to the base, the latter

wider than the apex; disk even, with a transverse impressed biarcuate sulcus

and two sublateral fovee at basal third, the sulcus dilated in the middle.

Elytra relatively small, one-half longer and wider than the prothorax, the

humeri very oblique and subdentate behind the base, this appearance being

due to the deep post-humeral fovea; disk with a deep coarse stria. Abdomen

a little longer and slightly narrower than the elytra; dorsal segments equal,

not perceptibly carinate, the fifth tumid in the middle. JZegs short. Length

1.2 mm.; width 0.3 mm.

Pennsylvania.

A single female specimen, having the venter unmodified, the ter-

minal segment large, nearly flat, and posteriorly produced at the

middle in a rounded lobe.

R. dentiventris n. sp.—Moderately stout, convex, polished, paler,

rufo-ferruginous throughout, impunctate, the vestiture rather long, coarse

and somewhat abundant. Head large, rather wider than the prothorax, a

little wider than long, the fovee distant by nearly one-half the total width,

connected by a coarse deep impressed semi-circular and entire sulcus; trans-

verse frontal ridge very long, scarcely more than one-half as wide as the

maximum width; eyes moderate, prominent, not longer than the tempora,

the latter feebly convergent and nearly straight: base broadly sinuate ;

antenne scarcely more than one-third longer than the head; under surface

with a few widely scattered erect sete. Prothorar a little wider than long,

widest rather before the middle, the sides there evenly and not very narrowly

rounded, gradually convergent and broadly sinuate thence to the base,

strongly convergent near the apex, the latter much narrower than the base ;

transverse biarcuate sulcus at basal third deep and well developed. lytra

moderate in size, two-thirds longer and three-fourths wider than the protho-

rax, not quite as long as wide, convex, with a deep coarsely impressed, gradu-

ally attenuate discal stria, extending behind the middle. Abdomen not longer

and distinctly narrower than the elytra, the segments equal. Length 1.15

mm.; width 0.4 mm.

Virginia.

The male has the anterior and intermediate legs shorter and

stouter than the posterior as usual, the venter broadly, feebly im-

pressed near the apex, with the sixth segment large, deeply sinuate

at apex, receiving a nearly circular flat pygidium, and the third

strongly obliquely toothed at the sides, the teeth prominent also

from a dorsal point of view at the sides of the apparent second

segment. This is a very distinct and interesting species, repre-

sented before me by a single male.

In the only antenna remaining, the sixth and seventh joints are

rE.

Coleopterological Notices, V. 453

completely anchylosed, but this may possibly be a deformity. The

second tarsal claw is distinct as in the other species, and nearly one-

half as long as the principal.

OROPODES 0». gen.

The body in this genus resembles Euplectus in general outline,

but the head is smaller, more orbicular and with less distant an-

tenn ; the elytra have two distinct though short discal strie, and

the abdomen is completely devoid of basal impression or carine.

The prosternum is rather long before the coxe, and has a fine im-

pressed and carinate line extending from each ante-coxal fovea to

the apical margin, where it is met by the similar fine raised line

separating the prosternum proper from its parapleure. The dorsal

segments are equal, the first ventral extending beyond the coxe

and greatly exposed throughout the width. Legs rather slender ;

hind tarsi more than one-half as long as the tibiz, with the second

joint a little longer than the third; claw well developed, the appen-

dage not visible in the type.

The single species has a facies which is somewhat intermediate

between Euplectus and Oropus :—

O. orbiceps n. sp.—Elongate, subparallel, feebly convex, polished, sub-

impunctate and dark rufo-testaceous in color throughout; pubescence rather

long but sparse. Head slightly narrower than the prothorax, nearly as long

as wide; eyes smal!, slightly prominent, the tempora large and long, at first

feebly convergent, then broadly rounded to the neck which is not wider than

the apex ; occiput with a feeble tumor at the middle of the posterior declivity ;

foveze small, deep, perforate, nude, distant by one-third the total width, situ-

ated distinctly behind the middle, each continued forward by a deep oblique

sulcus, the two coalescent anteriorly in a large flat depressed area separating

the large and prominent antennal tubercles ; antenne widely separated, stout,

rather longer than the head and prothorax, the club gradual, eleventh joint

subquadrate, obtusely pointed; under surface smooth, polished, subimpunc-

tate, with fine sparse subrecumbent hairs, entirely devoid of erect capitulate

sete, but having the usual deep rounded impression near the neck; maxillary

palpi nearly as in Kuplectus but stouter. Prothorax distinctly wider than

long, widest just before middle, where the sides are broadly rounded and

convergent to the neck, less strongly convergent and nearly straight in basal

half, the base much wider than the apex; disk with a deep transverse pit

at basal fourth, feebly connected with two large deep sublateral fovez, also

with a large feeble median impression between the subbasal pit and the basal

margin, and another subinterrupted extending between this and each basal

angle; also with a narrow, very feebly impressed, subentire median sulcus.

454 Coleopterological Notices, V.

Elytra as long as the head and prothorax, one-half wider than the latter and

fully as long as wide, the sutural stria deep and entire, the discal short, the

outer terminating at basal fourth, the inner at basal two-fifths. Abdomen about

as wide as the elytra and scarcely as long; border broad, one-fourth as wide

as the disk. Ventral segments two to four decreasing almost imperceptibly

in length; hind coxe contiguous, the abdominal process short and acutely

triangular. Length 1.5 mm.; width 0.45 mm.

California (Los Angeles Co.).

The unique specimen has no striking sexual modifications, and is

apparently a female.

ACOLONIA 2. gen.

The form in this genus is shorter and more convex than in

Euplectus and the eyes are larger. ‘The infraocular channel be-

comes narrowed anteriorly and communicates with the antennal

excavation. The prosternum is long, not carinate, the first three

dorsal segments equal, the first two each with two long strong

divergent carine, the fourth much longer than the preceding.

First ventral extending beyond the cox; two to five rapidly de-

creasing in length. Male with the large convex rhomboidal and

carinate ventral pygidium of Huplectus. Legs rather short and

stout, the tarsi short and compressed, the third joint of the poste-

rior rather longer than the second; claw long, arcuate, with a very

minute internal basal appendage. The pronotum has no discal im-

pression, and each elytron has at base two pairs of deep fovee.

Our species has been described under the name Huplectus cavi-

collis Lec.

EUPLECTUS Leach.

The somewhat numerous species within our boundaries agrce

satisfactorily with the European, but are probably more hetero-

geneous. Among those in my cabinet three subgeneric groups are

readily observable :—

Head not quite so large, sometimes very slightly narrower than the prothorax,

with two larger widely distant fovex situated behind the middle, the inter-

mediate surface of the vertex strongly convex; body less slender, more

COLI VOK. ssriav'oinss oder sine'adelda s0 Gdn eh'ecseevan voninel tesireniriseisnntess c\seldsisiehia'sne ee ati eette seamen

Head larger, flatter above, frequently much larger than the prothorax, with

two smaller, more anterior and much more approximate fovee ; body

smaller, narrower and more depressed.

Coleopterological Notices, V. 455

Antenne longer, the club normally small ; eyes more or less prominent ;

elytra much wider than the head.. Ganstnaa ddeieesaaclaege ciate snlned xe'na sO I

Antenne short, the club larger and Sint as bee as the pr crea: six

joints ; eyes more inferior, scarcely visible from above; elytra parallel,

MoObeappreciably wider than the head ..........cccecorcceseccsetencoeinse ovens eos MMM

Group I is represented by dzfficilis, congener, sexualis, spinifer,

linearis, hudsonicus, interruptus and probably longissimus ; group

II by longicollis, confluens, elongatus, californicus and towensis

and group III by pertenuis. Group II is apparently homologous

with Kuropean species of the bonvouloiri type.

The true position of planipennis and rotundicollis of Brendel

cannot be definitely stated at present; they are apparently both

peculiar, not only in the smaller head but in other features also,

and in the subjoined catalogue I have placed them at the end as

requiring further investigation.

The name longicollis is preoccupied by Reitter for a New Zealand

Species, but as the two may in reality belong to different genera it

is not advisable to change the name just now. ‘The same remark

applies to linearis Lec. and linearis || King and rotundicollis Reitt.

and rotundicollis || Brend.

The following species seem to be undescribed :—

E. hudsonicus n. sp.—Slender, somewhat convex, polished and pale

rufo-testaceous throughout ; pubescence short, coarse and rather dense; head

and pronotum with very coarse feeble punctures, which can scarcely be indi-

vidually defined but which give a feebly asperate and uneven appearance ;

elytra and abdomen subimpunctate. Head about as wide as the prothorax,

a little wider than long, broadly truncate at apex, the fovee distant, behind

the middle, the middle of the vertex strongly convex ; parabolic sulcus very

deep; antenne nearly as long as the head and prothorax, normal; eyes small

but prominent, the tempora slightly convergent, nearly straight and a little

longer than the eye. Prothorax distinctly wider than long, widest just before

the middle where the sides are broadly rounded to the apex, convergent and

unevenly serrulate to the base, somewhat prominent opposite the fovee ; disk

with an elongate pit extending from near the apex to the middle, also with

the usual deep subbasal excavation connected with the lateral fovee. Elytra

about as long as wide, nearly as long as the head and prothorax, one-half

wider than the latter; base strongly quadrifoveate ; discal stria distinct,

vanishing before the middle; sides subparallel, broadly arcuate; humeri

distinct. Abdomen subequal in length to the elytra and a little narrower.

Length 1.25 mm.; width 0.35 mm.

New York.

The type is a male and has the fourth ventral segment even

along its apical edge, but with two feeble approximate transverse

456 Coleopterological Notices, V.

tuberosities. The fifth segment is deeply emarginate at its ante-

rior edge, the emargination broadly parabolic, one-fifth as wide as

the segment and extending to apical third of its length, the emar-

gination bearing two or three short porrect and anteriorly project-

ing sete. Sixth segment with two deep discal fovee, distant by

one-third the width and each subcarinate along its anterior edge;

pygidium tumid, rhomboidal, finely carinate and indistinctly punc-

tate. In some of my previous descriptions of the species of Kuplec-

tus I seem to have designated the true fourth ventral as the third.

In the male of linearis, to which this species is allied, the fourth

ventral has two large transverse and much more distant tubercles,

and the anterior emargination of the fifth is much smaller.

E. iowensis n. sp.—linear, parallel, rather depressed, dark rufo-ferru-

ginous and polished throughout; pubescence fine, short, subappressed, not

very abundant; head coarsely, sparsely punctured above, more densely and

deeply beneath, the pronotum finely and sparsely punctulate, the elytra and

abdomen subimpunctate. Head large, wider than the prothorax, but slightly

wider than long; eyes small, slightly prominent, the tempora behind them

largely developed, straight, subparallel and longer than the eye, the basal

angles nearly right and slightly rounded; fovee small, feeble, distant by

one-third of the interocular width, the connecting sulcus becoming broadly

expanded and deep behind the frontal margin; antennal tubercles small,

prominent, each with a deep nude fovea; antenne not quite as long as the

head and prothorax, normal; under surface without erect sete. Prothorax

slightly wider than long, widest near apical third where the sides are strongly

rounded, thence convergent and broadly, just visibly sinuate to the base;

disk with a large transverse median pit at basal third and two lateral fovea

not connected, also with an oval discal fovea feebly connected with the sub-

basal pit. lytra one-half longer and two-fifths wider than the prothorax, a

little wider than the head, the discal stria extending to the middle. Length

1.2 mm.; width 0.3 mm.

Towa.

The male sexual characters are ‘complex; the fourth ventral is

feebly but abruptly emarginate in middle third, the bottom of the

emargination broadly arcuate, with the apex of the lobe projecting

as far as the sides and bearing two approximate porrect tufts of

everted sete; fifth transversely excavated anteriorly to receive the

tufts; sixth transversely impressed and receiving the large rhom-

boidal subimpunctate and feebly carinate pygidium.

This species is allied to confluens, but differs in its smaller size,

narrower and more depressed form and longer tempora. The

appendage of the tarsal claw is distinct but very small.

Coleopterological Notices, V. 457

The species of Euplectus seem to be completely devoid of the

erect capitulate sete of the under surface of the head, so character-

istic of some other related genera.

THESIASTES un. gen.

In general organization the species of this genus resemble Euplec-

tus, but have the body much more minute, the head smaller and

especially shorter, the frontal truneature narrower, the eyes rela-

tively larger and more prominent, the tempora shorter and the

abdomen completely devoid of dorsal carine, although deeply im-

pressed at the base of the first two or three segments. In spite of

these differences I should have probably regarded them as one of

the subgeneric groups of Huplectus, had it not been for the fact

that the male sexual modifications at the apex of the venter were

found to be of a completely different type. The large rhomboidal

tumid and carinate seventh ventral of the male in EKuplectus, is

here replaced by the oval flat laterally enclosed pygidium so char-

acteristic of Ramecia, Actium, and other more or less widely sepa-

rated genera; this indicates a real divergence from Euplectus far

more pronounced than might be inferred from general organiza-

tion. The male sexual organs must indeed be remarkably different

in structure.

Our known species are not numerous but many others will doubt-

less be discovered. They appear to live principally in turfy lands

bordering brackish water, and may be distinguished in the follow-

ing manner, the characters of pumilus being gathered from descrip-

tion, as the type is not accessible at present :—

Size larger, 1 mm. in length, dark Seah the discal pit of the pronotum

broader, deeper and OVAL ....... ccc cce cee cee cee cesses ces cssescssceeseee se hOSSUTLATUS

Size very minute, never eccceainte 0.8 mm. in tee discal sulcus narrower,

feebler and fusiform.

Color pale ferruginous ; pronotum asperulate .............0+ 00+ +++0ee PULMILUS

Color dark ace, ; pronotum eae but rather distinctly. punc-

tate.. seo 8s Sh o8o60 debilis

Color Eaters pide aay highly raed, it eat the epee traces of

MOMMA OVTUCUURALION o0\..cisccneniceesantaasos'vdelosesan acs sneiasegesccsne ssn cco Ah P ews

T. atratus n. sp.—slender, convex, polished, black throughout; legs

antenne and trophi testaceous ; head and prothorax sparsely extremely feebly

and indefinitely punctate ; pubescence short, not conspicuous but not very

sparse. Head rather small, distinctly narrower than the prothorax, wider

Annats N. Y. Acap. Scet., VII, Nov. 1893.—30

458 Coleopterological Notices, V.

than long, the fovee large, deep, spongiose, at the middle, separated by nearly

one-half the total width, the arcuate sulcus deep, evanescent anteriorly

between the antenne, and gradually declivous to the labrum; antennal

tubercles strong, crossed by a fine groove; antenne nearly as long as the

head and prothorax, the funicle slender, third joint short, strongly obconical,

club normal, gradual; eyes rather large, very prominent, longer than the

tempora, the latter moderately convergent behind them; base broadly,

strongly sinuate. Prothorax wider than long, widest before the middle where

the sides are broadly rounded to the apex, convergent and nearly straight in

basal half; disk with an elongate fusiform median sulcus and a transverse

biarcuate sulcus behind basal third, the latter dilated at the middle and

foveate near the sides. Eilytra large, subquadrate, nearly as long as the head

and prothorax, two-thirds wider than the latter, very nearly as long as wide;

discal stria coarse, gradually dilated toward base, vanishing at basal two-

fifths ; three basal fovee deep and well developed. Abdomen parallel, rather

longer and much narrower than the elytra, the segments equal. Length 0.75

mm.; width 0.25 mm. or rather less.

Rhode Island.

A single male taken near the seashore. The venter is feebly

flattened before the apex, and the terminal pygidium is small, flat,

narrow, elongate-oval and as usual enclosed completely at the sides

by the lateral portions of the anal or seventh segment. In the

male of fossulatus the venter is very feebly, broadly impressed near

the apex, and the flat pygidium is smooth, very large, but slightly

longer than wide, oval, more narrowly rounded behind and broadly,

very feebly arcuate anteriorly where it fits against the posterior

margin of the sixth segment.

Atratus is allied to debilis but differs from my single female of

that species in its intense black color, more feeble punctuation and

smaller head. In debslis the head is about as wide as the pro-

thorax.

BIBLOPLECTUS BReitter.

This genus as represented within the United States is undoubt-

edly valid, the species differing from Euplectus in their very minute

size, smaller head, more strongly narrowed front, less distant an-

tenn, and in the absence of a discal pronotal pit; the importance

of this last character has I think been underestimated. Another

important difference relates to the discal stria of the elytra, which

is wanting and replaced, as in Trimium and Trimiopsis, by a larger,

more or less elongate basal impression. The antenne, also, have a

Coleopterological Notices, V. 459

less robust and looser club, with the terminal joint more conoidal

and more gradually pointed.

Our representatives differ from the European species of the am-

biguus type in their more convex body and head, and in having a

fine but strong carina extending from the transverse sulcus to the

pronotal base; they should perhaps form a subgenus of Bibloplectus

and may be recognized as follows :—

Sides of the prothorax parallel and nearly straight in middle two-thirds of

the length.

Size more minute, about 0.65 mm. in ci eh pronotum scarcely punctu-

late. eaiag's aeNsenteetues ae tarateiacit . ruficeps

Size FP ipkooiably laieée hid stun tar more its 0. T mm. in Teweths pronotum

rather strongly punctate ...........s.e00s Sho nnpcennraepocepacs sens ILE Wifey) &

Sides of the prothorax not ees size still te: sae more than 0.8

mm. in length; surface smooth, polished and subimpunctate throughout.

leviceps

The species from Michigan, described by LeConte under the

hame integer, seems to be distinct from the more southern rufi-

ceps and I take pleasure in restoring it to its true position. Judg-

ing by the type of leviceps, which I have before me, the measure-

ments given in my original description are too great; it is possible

that the larger specimen represents a different species.

TRIMIOPLECTUS Brendel.

I have not seen the type recently published by Brendel under

the name obsoletus, but according to the description and figures, it

represents a widely distinct genus, singularly combining the char-

acters of Trimium and Kuplectus. The author placed with obso-

letus several other species, such as arcuatus and ruficeps, which

are however in no way very closely related. The elongate protho-

rax and basal segment of the abdomen, the latter with an unusually

broad pubescent impressiun, reminding us of some species of Rame-

cia—where however the basal segment is never elongate,—the head

in the form of ‘‘an equilateral triangie with arcuate corners,” and

the sexual modifications at the ventral apex, as figured, form a com-

bination of characters which render it impossible to discuss its true

relationships without further study. The tarsal claw probably has

an extremely minute or obsolete appendage as in Actium and Trimi-

opsis, in the neighborhood of which it is probably most fittingly

placed. The name selected by Dr. Brendel is certainly appropriate.

460 Coleopterological Notices, V.

BIBLOPORUS Thomson.

This genus was redescribed by me under the name Faliscus (Cont.

Co]. N. A., II, p. 94), as correctly stated by Brendel in his recent

monograph; it is widely distinct from Euplectus in the structure

of the prosternum and pronotum. In B. bicanalis the rudimentary

second tarsal claw is quite distinct, although not large enough to

ally it with the trichonychide types of the tribe.

EUTYPHLUS LeConte.

Related to Bibloporus in the long carinate prosternum, but de-

parting widely in pronotal structure and in the sexual modification

of the eyes. It was described by me (l. ¢., p. 94), from the male

especially, under the name Nicotheus. The two species in my

cabinet may be recognized by the following characters taken from

the female :—

Head relatively less transverse, the tempora longer and moderately conver-

gent; dorsal carine of the first segment strongly divergent, distant by one-

third of the disval width.. Mc econ tee ec corcor circ char oe nod c Similis

Head very transverse, the ene eee chet: a PP ie cont ceeeene

carine of first dorsal less divergent and separated by nearly one-half of the

GisGal WIAD. wos. ececs wcecendies scene woeieneiede salelenw Soucscuiem sins neielnsisane esi] NCO) NS NRE

In both of these species there is a very fine pronotal carina ex-

tending from the transverse sulcus to the basal margin, as in the

American species of Bibloplectus. The males seem to be extremely

rare. The ventral segments are seven in number in both sexes, the

last three short, the anal segment of the male enclosing an elongate

flat pygidium as in Thesiastes. The terminal joint of the antenne

consists of two distinctly defined parts, a large basal segment and a

narrow conical apical portion placed far within the lateral margins

of the former; this structure is more pronounced in the females

than in the males, and probably offsets the more defective vision of

that sex.

E. prominens n. sp.—Slender, somewhat convex, polished and bright

rufo-testaceous throughout ; pubescence rather long, coarse, shaggy but not

very dense. Head short, as wide as the prothorax and scarcely more than

two-thirds as long, transverse, abruptly narrowed before the very prominent

acute tubercles bearing the rudimentary eyes; tempora very strongly con-

vergent; fovee well developed, at basal third, distant by nearly one-half the

maximum width, each continued forward in a deep oblique channel, the two

Coleopterological Notices, V. 461

meeting in the depression between the antennal tubercles, the latter large,

prominent, each crossed by the usual fine groove; vertex between the fovez

somewhat rugose, strongly convex; antennz stout, not quite as long as the

head and prothorax; under surface with a few erect sete. Prothorax as long

as wide, widest at apical fourth where the sides are broadly rounded to the

apex, moderately convergent and nearly straight in basal three-fourths ; discal

impression elongate; transverse sulcus and fovee deep and well developed ;

surface subimpunctate but sparsely punctato-rugulose between the sulcus

and the base. Elytra not quite as long as wide, one-third longer and two-

thirds wider than the prothorax, the sides feebly divergent, broadly arcuate,

each with two large and very deep basal fovee, the second continued poste-

riorly by a broad gradually evanescent groove, vanishing before the middle ;

sutural stria entire. Abdomen longer than the elytra and fully as wide, the

sides very feebly arcuate; carinz of the second dorsal very short but distinct.

Last three ventrals together about equal in length to the second, two to four

uniformly and very slowly decreasing in length. Length 1.25 mm.; width

0.35 mm.

Virginia (Lee Co.).

Readily distinguishable from the female of s¢mzlis (= tibialis

Csy.) by its smaller size, longer, more rectilateral pronotum, form

of the tempora and many other characters.

THESIUM Casey.

Through the abrupt narrowing of the front before the eyes, the

antenne in this genus are less distant than usual, but there is no

tubercle properly speaking, and the form of the head differs only in

degree from that of the other Euplecti, resembling Bibloplectus and

Thesiastes in this respect, but with a much more robust body.

Apothinus of Sharp does not differ from Thesium by any feature

mentioned in the description of that genus, but as the type is a

much larger insect than our representatives of Thesium, it may

actually be different. No mention of the structure of the proster-

hum is made in the diagnosis of Apothinus, so that but little of

definite value can be said in regard to the extent of this relation-

ship.

The basal fovee of the elytra in Thesium are three in number,

distinct, deep, circular and mutually rather distant, the first and

second from the suture transversely connected by a deep sulcus,

the second prolonged in basal fourth or fifth in an arcuate stria,

the third prolonged for a short distance in a broad and deep, gradu-

ally wider and shallower excavation, the sides of which are rather

462 Coleopterological Notices, V.

abruptly defined, giving the appearance of two short divergent

strie. Although the abdomen is impressed at base, the carine

appear to be entirely obsolete.

The two forms known to me resemble each other closely in all

generic characters, but are quite different specifically, as may be

inferred from the following statement :—

Head larger, almost as wide as the prothorax, the frontal margin deeply in-

terrupted in the middle; eyes slightly smaller; prothorax less transverse,

more broadly rounded and parallel at the sides, the latter strongly conver-

gent and sinuate only in basal third; size very minute, 0.75 mm. Missis-

sippi Valley... npyel eee gs Be tbe Cavifrons Lec.

Head smaller, very Sues narrower ein ne Gd thnrae ith the frontal mar-

gin feebly interrupted ; prothorax more transverse, much more strongly

rounded laterally before the middle, the sides strongly convergent and

broadly sinnate in basal half; size appreciably less minute, 0.85-0.9 mm.

MORAG scsad hiedededew se datnios whe wou acls-ece'set coe tee aout date wattrckieeec.e accel GUN COUD MUN as my Siam

ACTIUM Casey.

This genus is closely allied to Trimiopsis Reit., but the species

are generally larger and have a distinct discal stria on the elytra,

while in Trimiopsis the discal stria is wanting. It is further dis-

tinguishable at once from Trimiopsis by the structure of the pro-

thorax, the disk of the pronotum having two subbasal fovee and

rather well-defined lateral edges in Actium, while in Trimiopsis

there are no definite lateral fovez or edges, the transverse sulcus

being continuous down the vertical flanks, gradually qe et

beneath.

Both Actium and Trimiopsis eggersi—assumed here as the type

—are easily distinguishable from Trzmium brevicorne by the pres-

ence of a post-humeral fovea and pleural sulcus on the elytra, a

character apparently of some importance. The basal foveze of the

elytra are however of no value generically in this group, and are

often inconstant, one specimen before me having two fovez on one

elytron and three on the other. There are species having either

two or three fovee, not only in Actium, but in Huplectus and

Ramecia. As an instance of the importance of the post-humeral

fovea, however, Trimiopsis specularis Reit. may be cited. This

species lacks the fovea completely, and is further distinguished by

its shorter and stouter tarsi, and by a singular antennal character,

the eleventh joint being split at apex in both sexes, the two segments

apparently mobile.

Lean

Coleopterological Notices, V. 463

The North American species hitherto placed in Trimium resemble

the European 7’. brevicorne in the absence of a post-humeral fovea

and discal stria, and, at the same time, perfectly resemble Trimzop-

sis eggersz in this latter feature and in the structure of the protho-

rax. In fact Zrimiwm brevicorne, Trimiopsis eggerst and our own

Trimium, convexulum, dubium etc. are so extremely closely allied

among themselves, that they might with propriety be treated as

subgenera. I prefer for the present to regard our species as con-

stituting an important section of Trimiopsis, distinguished by the

absence of the post-humeral fovea.

The male of Actium is distinguished by the large oval flat and

horizontal pygidium, almost surrounded by the anal segment, and

sometimes also, by setose tubercles or spicules near the sides of

the second and third ventral plates, both of these modifications

being prominent, as before noted, in several other euplectide genera

—for example Ramecia. ‘Trimiopsis frequently presents the sub-

lateral tubercles, but in 7. eggers« the flat pygidium is wholly

wanting. In Ramecia dentiventris the oblique pointed tubercles

are at the extreme sides of the third segment.

Actium is widely diffused in North America but is essentially

subarctic, while Trimiopsis is more especially tropical in distribu-

tion and probably contains a number of elements which will have

to be removed eventually. The species known to me may be sepa-

rated as follows :—

Elytra each with three basal fovee.

Basal abdominal ridges fine and cariniform, generally about one-third as

long as the segment and separated by about one-third of its discal

width, larger species.

Form more slender; male without figvtne: setose tubercles near the sides

of the abdomen, but with a minute internal subapical denticle on the

anterior tibie.

Head very small; eyes much longer than the tempora; abdominal

caring oe een by Tena less than one-third of the discal

width.. mle Cote taleh)e sake oliaaic lsc lay s(oel clasts aaistelare ..Californicum

Head en uae ee as long as bite « eye; 1 ea carin®e sepa-

rated by fully one-third of the discal width.................. POLItum

Form stouter; male with small setose tubercles near the sides of the

second and third ventral segments, but a ely entirely devoid

of the subapical tibial denticle.

Head very small, the prothorax relatively larger; ventral pygidium of

the male almost perfectly circular..................0.. FODUStULUM

464 Coleopterological Notices, V.

Head relatively much larger; ventral pygidium of the male larger,

very slightly longer than wide; body smaller and less stout.

testaceum

Basal ridges extremely short, flat and broadly but acutely triangular, sepa-

rated by barely one-fourth of the discal width; smaller species, the

male with minute setose tufts near the sides of the second and third

ventral segments. ,

Head subequal in size to the prothorax ; intermediate femora greatly

Swollen in the male ........cceeec cee ces coe cee ececcceeeces ces ceseeeee CAMGIGUM

Head much shorter and narrower than the prothorax; intermediate femora

scarcely perceptibly larger in the male ....................- MALrINICUM

Elytra with two basal fovee.

Head sinaller ; elytra nearly as long as wide.

Cephalic fovee large and very widely separated.

The fovee near the antero-superior margin of the eye; abdominal

caring strong, one-half as long as the segment........... foveicolle

The foveze unusually posterior in position ; abdominal carine two-thirds

as long as the segment...........00- és shee . costale

Cephalic fovee very small, ie dsotiated ee one- half set total width ;

front parabolic in outline; abdominal carine finely triangular, flat,

scarcely one-third as long as the segment...................-- PpAaCIACUM

Head slightly larger; elytra very much shorter, transverse, species more

WOM ULE so nec veriercisnesasd cn senieansselenslene anicosidensimieine sews estecislwocise sisiie| LD ITtWiINND te tnn Mes

The following species which I have not seen are attached provi-

sionally to the present genus :—

Elongate, shining, black, the antenne and legs testaceous. 1.3mm. Sitka,

Alaska. Prounbly a true Actium.. sicausanitelinemernmeissere ..Clavicorne

Head narrower than the Res ee iyi Boe cia to the middle;

abdominal carine very minute. 1.2mm. Iowa. Probably a true Actium.

durum

Head transverse, nearly as wide as the prothorax, the fovee pubescent and

separated by one-half the width ; elytra with two basal fovee, the discal

stria very short; base of the tergum not carinate, the segments subequal.

Iowa? Affinities somewhat doubtful..............000 .. parabolicum

Antenne not longer than the head [Brendel], 1.5 mm. _ Georgia Affinities

decidedly doubtful. oldies envi sie one atehsenlanietigciiae sida coeits . Slobifer

Head narrower than che Gr otlteas. ie latter wider nyt ‘nee maxillary

palpi with the last joint not larger than the third. 1.4 mm. Virginia.

Probably not an Activm..........cccceececcscceccesces ces cee cee ees IM DUNRCTATUM

Costale Brend is also unknown to me in nature, but its relation-

ship with foveicolle appears to be sufficiently evident. Californicum

Lec. was described by me under the name pallidum ; the discal stria

is too short in the figure (Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci., II, Pl. xv1). -The

species has recently been described also by Mr. Raffray under the

wees

Coleopterological Notices, V. 465

name Proplectus decipiens (Rev. d’Ent., 1890, p. 197). Parabo-

licum Brend., was doubtfully referred to Trimioplectus, but the an-

tennal and abdominal structure seems to prohibit this association.

The coloration of clavicorne Mikl. is very unusual in this genus,

all the other species being of a more or less pale testaceous. In

regard to tmpunctatum, if the description and figure of the maxil-

lary palpus published by Dr. Brendel are even substantially correct,

it must form the type of a very distinct genus.

In drawing up the above table I have before me only the female

of politum, and am unable to see the base of the abdomen in marv-

nicum, the characters of these species being inferred froin their

resemblance to californicum and candidum respectively.

A. Candidum 0n. sp.—Rather slender, moderately convex, polished,

rufo-testaceous, subimpunctate ; pubescence short, sparse, recumbent. Head

rather large, with two small deep spongiose fovee midway of the length,

separated by one-half the total width, connected by an acutely parabolic

sulcus; antennal tubercles somewhat prominent, crossed by a fine deep

sulcus; eyes rather prominent, barely as long as the tempora, the latter

feebly convergent ; antenne twice as long as the head; under surface with

long sparse capitate sete. Prothorax slightly wider than long, widest at

apical third; sides thence convergent and nearly straight to the base, the

latter one-half wider than the apex; transverse sulcus deep, at basal third,

deeply prolonged backward in the middle; fovee small but deep. Llytra about

as long as wide, two-thirds longer than the prothorax and nearly twice as

wide; sides arcuate; discal stria extending not quite to the middle, sutural

fine, deep, entire. Abdomen slightly shorter and narrower than the elytra,

gradually pointed behind. Legs short, the two anterior shorter and stouter.

Prosternum with two large spongiose antecoxal fovee ; intermediate coxe

contiguous, the cavities confluent; corresponding trochanters toothed within

in the male. Length 1.2 mm.; width 0.3 mm.

California (Santa Cruz Co.).

A single male, easily distinguishable among the Californian spe-

cies by the unusually large head, this being only just perceptibly

narrower than the prothorax. The male pygidium is perfectly flat,

evenly elliptical and very slightly wider than long.

A. marinicum 0». sp.—Moderately slender, strongly convex, polished,

subimpunctate, pale yellowish-ferruginous throughout; pubescence short,

sparse and subrecumbent. Head rather small, distinctly shorter and nar-

rower than the prothorax, wider than long, rapidly and sinuately narrowed

before the eyes, the width at the prominent antennal tubercles not quite one-

half that across the eyes ; fovee small, deep, spongiose, in the middle, sepa-

rated by two-fifths the total width, connected by a broadly parabolic and

466 Coleopterological Notices, V.

rather deep sulcus; eyes prominent, slightly longer than the tempora which

are feebly convergent and nearly straight; antenne twice as long as the

head ; under surface with sparse capitate sete. Prothorax slightly wider than

long, widest before the middle, the transverse sulcus deep, strongly dilated

backward in the middle, situated at basal fourth ; foveew deep; sides conver-

gent and nearly straight in basal half. lytra not quite as long as wide,

three-fourths longer than the prothorax and nearly twice as wide; sides

strongly arcuate; discal stria fine, extending fully to the middle. Abdomen

distinctly narrower than the elytra but nearly as long, parabolic behind.

Legs scarcely modified in the male, the two anterior shorter but not much

stouter. Length 1.1 mm.; width 0.4 mm.

California (Marin Co.).

In the unique male type, the sexual apparatus is fully protruded

and is of immense size in proportion to the body. The flat pygi-

dium, horizontal in its normal position, is seen to be the external

covering of a large cylindrical sack-like body, one-half longer than

wide and one-half as long as the entire abdomen, having attached

to the anterior border of its free extremity, two long acute and com-

plicated processes, which are gradually everted toward apex. The

plate-like cover of the large cylindrical body, referred to as the flat

pygidium, is displaced in this specimen, and the interior of the sack

seems to be filled with a white spongy material.

A. pacificum n. sp.—Moderately stout, convex, pale flavo-ferrnginous

throughout, shining, subimpunctate ; pubescence very short, recumbent,

rather abundant. Head much narrower but only slightly shorter than the

prothorax, nearly as long as wide, the eyes—viewed from above—feebly con-

vex, not prominent, situated rather behind the middle on the sides and as long

as the tempora, the latter straight and parallel behind them; outline before

the eyes aud around the apex almost evenly parabolic; surface rather flat ;

foveze minute but deep, nude, at the middle, separated by one-half the total

width, connected by a very feeble parabolic sulcus ; antennal tubercles broad

and flat, crossed by a fine but deep and conspicuous groove; antenne miss-

ing; under surface very sparsely setose. Prothorax very nearly as long as

wide, widest and broadly rounded near the middle; sides convergent and

nearly straight thence to the apex and base, the former four-fifths as wide as

the latter; sulcus deep, between basal third and fourth, strongly dilated in

the middle; fovez very large but nude. Llytra three-fourths longer than the

prothorax and nearly twice as wide, the discal stria extending to the middle.

Abdomen as long as the elytra but much narrower, parabolic toward apex.

Legs moderate. Length 1.1 mm.; width 0.4 mm.

California (Siskiyou Co.).

The male has a large terminal pygidium which is not rounded-as

in the other species but rectangular, with straight sides and apex,

Coleopterological Notices, V. AGT

and is much longer than wide, with the surface longitudinally and

broadly convex ; also, at lateral fourth of the third ventral segment

and at the middle of its length, a peculiar oblique lamelliform bilobed

and setose process. This species is readily separable from any of

the others by the peculiar form of the head.

A. brevipenne 2. sp.—Minute, somewhat stout, convex, uniformly

dark rufo-testaceous, polished, subimpunctate ; pubescence short, subrecum-

bent, rather abundant. Head distinctly shorter and narrower than the pro-

thorax, wider than long; foveze small but deep, distant by one-half the total

width, not distinctly spongiose, connected by a deep entire sulcus; antennal

tubercles rather prominent; eyes moderate, from above slightly prominent,

not quite as long as the tempora, the latter subparallel, feebly rounded and

almost as prominent as the eyes; antenne two-thirds longer than the head,

second joint stouter than the first; under surface with sparse erect and finely

capitate sete. Prothorax slightly wider than long, the base and apex sub-

equal, widest before the middle where the sides are broadly, evenly rounded

to the apex, abruptly convergent and broadly, feebly sinuate from the middle

to the base; sulcus fine, deep, at basal fourth, broadly, very feebly angulate

but not perceptibly dilated in the middle; lateral fovee large and nearly

nude. Llytra not quite one-half longer and three-fourths wider than the

prothorax, transverse; discal stria extending to apical third. Abdomen much

longer and slightly narrower than the elytra. Legs moderate, the two ante-

rior femora, and especially the intermediate, incrassate in the male. Length

0.9 mm.; width 0.3 mm.

California (Sta. Craz Co.).

A single pair exhibiting scarcely any sexual differences in general

form. The venter of the male is not tuberculate near the sides, but,

as usual, the second ventral is broadly feebly impressed at lateral

sixth especially toward base. The short elytra of this species will

distinguish it at once from any other. It is the smallest of the

genus.

BATRISINI.

BATRISUS Aubé.

The following interesting forms belong to the first division of

LeConte, but differ altogether from ferox and tone in the type of

male sexual modification, having the anterior legs simple but the

posterior more or less distorted. This small group may also pos-

sibly receive confinis Lec., which is known only by the unique

female type.

468 Coleopterological Notices, V.

B. cavicrus n. sp.—Moderately slender, very convex, polished and

coarsely pubescent throughout, brownish-rufous in color, the elytra brighter.

Head distinctly wider than the prothorax, wider than long, coarsely but feebly

rugoso-punctate, polished, with a long carina above the flanks; occiput tri-

cristate; eyes at more than their own length from the base, well developed ;

nude fovee joined by a circumambient sulcus; antenne one-half as long as

the body, second joint longer than the third, three to eight equal in width

becoming shorter, ninth and tenth abruptly wider, slightly transverse, club

paler in color. Frothoraz a little longer than wide, widest near apical third ;

median subbasal fovea large, lateral distinct ; median sulcus very feeble, on

each side of it a series of two or three acute recurved spines ; subbasal spini-

form tubercles distinct; surface between the median fovea and base finely

carinate, two fovee also at the basal margin on each side of the middle, also

one on the flank just before the base and adjacent to another belonging to

the prosternal parapleure. lytra about as long as wide; sides subparallel,

broadly arcuate; humeri broadly exposed, rounded. Abdomen a little shorter

and narrower than the elytra, the basal carine separated by rather more than

one-sixth of the entire width. Length 1.7 mm.; width 0.65 mm.

North Carolina (Asheville). |

The description is taken from the male, the female being nearly

similar but having very much smaller and subrudimentary eyes.

The special sexual characters of the male affect the abdomen and

posterior legs only, the venter having a moderate rounded subapical

impression. ‘The posterior trochanters have a compressed inferior

dentiform lobe, and an internal apical process which is slender and

contorted, the femora compressed, polished impunctate and feebly

concave internally nearly throughout the length, the lower margin

with a sinuation at basal third, the tibiz slender but gradually

dilated internally near the middle; terminal process entirely want-

ing; tarsi normal.

B. caroline n.sp.—Slender, very convex, polished and coarsely pubes-

cent throughout, bright rufo-testaceous in color, the elytra still paler. Head

distinctly wider than the prothorax, nearly as long as wide, subscabrous ante-

riorly, finely, sparsely punctate behind, with two nude fovee connected by

the usual arcuate sulcus; flanks carinate above; occiput unicristate ; eyes

‘moderately developed, far in advance of the base; antenne one-half as long

as the body, rather slender, the club gradual and rather heavy, second and

fifth joints subequal, longer than the third or fourth. Prothorax a little

longer than wide; widest before the middle, the median subbasal fovea large;

sulcus subobsolete, between two series each containing two or three acute

recurved spines, a similar spine also at the lateral margin just behind the

middle; subbasal tubercles well developed; lateral fovez distinct; at the

basal margin two strong fovee at each side; surface between the median fovea

Coleoplerological Notices, V. 469

and base finely carinulate; general surface rather sparsely but asperately

punctate. Llytra about as long as wide; sides very feebly divergent from

the distinct humeri and nearly straight; intrahumeral excavation large and

strong. Abdomen slightly narrower and much shorter than the elytra, the

basal carinz strong, approximate, separated by scarcely one-tenth of the total

width. Length 1.6 mm.; width 0.55 mm.

North Carolina (Asheville).

This species is allied to cavicrus, but differs in its unicristate

occiput and very much in the sexual characters of the male, the

venter in that sex having a larger wide impression at the apex.

The posterior femora are bowed, with the convexity downward,

strongly clavate, the clavate part strongly punctate externally but

impunctate and polished internally, gradually narrowed at the

middle and attached by a slender peduncle which is nearly one-

half as long as the femur, the corresponding tibia swollen toward

the middle and the trochanters with a long contorted inferior pro-

cess. ‘Two males.

It is scarcely possible that this species can prove to be the same

as confinis Lec., for that is much larger and apparently lacks the

four anterior pronotal spines. Caroline is one of the most minute

species of the genus, though jwvencus Brend., which is stated to be

1.4 or 1.5 mm. in length, appears to be still smaller; it is related to

caroline but differs in its almost obsolete occipital crest and dark

color, as far as can be inferred from the description of the single

female type from northern Illinois.

_ The Pacific coast species form a homogeneous group, distinguished

in general from the Atlantic coast forms by the fact that the sexual

modifications are almost invariably concentered at the posterior

extremity of the body, while in the latter they quite as constantly

affect the anterior portions only, the curious cephalic and antennal

characters of the eastern males being unknown—if we except a

minute subbasal spicule of the eleventh joint—in the western repre-

sentatives. Another singular fact is that among these west coast

forms, there are several which are separable more readily by female

characters than by those of the male. The species known to me

may be distinguished as follows, cicatricosus not being represented

in my cabinet :—

Elytra finely punctulate; head not carinate; pygidial modifications when

present affecting the female only; ventral excavation of the male large.

Color of the body intense black throughout......................Imonticola

470 Coleopterological Notices, V.

Color paler, dark piceous to rufous, the elytra always brighter and rufescent.

Pygidium broadly, very feebly and evenly convex, similar in the sexes

but a little shorter and broader in the female; elytra shorter, the

humeri obsolete and the sides more oblique....................--OCCIGUUS

Pygidium differing in the sexes, in the female strongly tumid, in the male

nearly flat and unmodified.

Pygidial tumor of the female very large, compressed, broadly rounded

in profile; body more robust (aculeatus Lec., i. litt.)...albionicus

Pygidial tumor abrupt, acutely rounded in profile, the highest point

being at the lower margin, the surface thence broadly concave to the

upper margin (var. mendocino and speculum Csy.) ...... zephyrinus

Elytra strongly though sparsely punctate ; head longitudinally carinate above

the eyes; pygidial characters probably common to both sexes; ventral

excavation of the male small.

Ambient sulcus of the head continued to the base; pronotum with a com-

plex process at each side of the median subbasal fovea...cicatricosus

Ambient sulcus not continued posteriorly beyond the fovee ; pronotum with

a simple erect spiculate elevation at each side of the median fovea.

Pygidium of the male small, transverse, broadly tumid, with a transverse

polished and impunctate excavation along its lower margin.

Pysidialis

Pygidium in both sexes with an abrupt, strongly elevated, compressed

and cariniform tooth at the middle .........................denticauda

In these species the anterior femora, apparently in both sexes,

have an elongate narrow area on the under surface which is strongly

and transversely punctato-rugose.

B. pysgidialis n. sp.—Moderately slender, polished, bright rufo-testa-

ceous throughout, the abdomen rather darker; legs pale, with the knees

darker ; pubescence rather long, coarse, very sparse. Head as long as wide,

subequal in width to the prothorax ; eyes moderate, very convex, scarcely be-

hind the middle, outline behind them almost evenly, semi-circularly rounded ;

nude fovee deep, connected by a distinct sulcus; vertex impunctate, finely

carinate at the base of the occiput; surface outside of the supra-ocular carine

finely sparsely and subasperately punctate; antenne a little longer than the

head and prothorax, moderately stout, the basal joint emarginate above at

apex and impressed on the surface behind the emargination, second very much

smaller and narrower than the first, equal to the second and but slightly

longer than wide, two to eight subequal, ninth but very slightly longer than

the eighth, tenth trapezoidal, foveate within, eleventh stouter with an ante-

riorly oblique spiculate tooth near the base. Prothorax not longer than wide,

widest and broadly rounded before the middle, impunctate, the lateral sulci

broadly impressed, median narrow, vanishing beyond the middle; three sub-

basal foveze moderate, connected by an extremely feeble biarcuate groove, the

lateral each with an erect spicule immediately behind it; spicule at the sides

of the median fovea small, erect and simple; surface between the median

Coleopterological Notices, V. 471

fovea and base minutely carinate, with two feeble fovee at each side near the

basal margin. lytra not quite as long as wide, one-half longer than the

prothorax and about twice as wide, convex; humeri tumid and minutely

spiculate. Abdomen impunctate, the first segment longer than the fourth,

with two minute basal carine separated by one-sixth of the entire width.

Length 1.9 mm.; width 0.65 mm.

California.

The two specimens in my cabinet are males, the venter having a

small deep rounded impression near the apex. The elytral punc-

tures are not large but strong, asperate and very sparse.

B. denticauda n. sp.—Rather slender, polished, piceous-brown, the

elytra rufescent ; pubescence very sparse, coarse. Head but slightly wider

than the prothorax, including the labrum a little longer than wide; eyes

small, just behind the middle; basal parts behind them almost semi-circu-

larly rounded ; vertex impunctate; occiput feebly carinulate at base; sides

longitudinally carinate above; foveze connected by a sulcus which is feeble

in front; interantennal depression feeble; antenne short, not longer than

the head and prothorax, the club gradual and heavy, eleventh joint with a

slender anteriorly oblique tooth at basal fourth. Prothorax as long as wide,

widest just before the middle; disk polished, minutely, very remotely punc-

tulate ; lateral grooves feeble, median impressed and traceable to apical fourth

or fifth ; subbasal spines strong, simple; biarcuate transverse sulcus distinct ;

lateral foveze well impressed; surface between the median fovea and base

finely carinulate ; two sublateral fovee at each side near the basal margin.

Elytra not quite as iong as wide, one-half longer than the prothorax and twice

as wide; humeri elevated and with a minute recumbent spiculate tooth ; disk

distinctly but very remotely punctate. Abdomen as wide as the elytra but

shorter, the basal dorsal longer than the next two combined, the carine short,

distant between one-fifth and one-sixth of the total width. Legs moderate.

Length 1.9—2.0 mm.; width 0.65-0.7 mm.

California (Siskiyou Co.).

The description is taken from a male specimen, the ventral

modification consisting solely of a rather small but deep rounded

impression near the apex. In the female the curious pygidial cari-

niform elevation is identical with that of the male, but the venter

is not excavated; there is often, however, a very feeble impression

at the position of the male excavation, this community of male and

female impressions of the last ventral being a common- character

throughout large sections of the Coleoptera, as I have elsewhere

shown; it is observable also in albionicus. An analogous condi-

tion, relating to the manifestation of male antennal structures in a

rudimentary form in the antenne of the female, will be referred to

under Rerchenbachia tumida and its allied species.

472 Coleopterological Notices, V.

On comparing the male of luculentus with that of the typical

spretus in the LeConte cabinet from northern Georgia, I find that

the two are wholly dissimilar in the frontal modification, as may be

seen from the following statement :—

Upper surface of the head flat, produced in the same plane beyond the

truncate and one-half as wide as the interantennal distance; clypeus below

the trapezoid with a dorsal setose tubercle which extends upward nearly to

the level of the frontal margin but distinctly in advance of it; basal joint

of the antenne compressed beneath, the lower outline broadly arcuate and

the under surface strongly asperate............. stinsa choose « . Spretus

Front declivous, broadly truncate sey itunes poe a antenne,

bearing at the middle of the beveled edge two approximate suberect and

tuberculiform teeth ; clypeus beneath with a dorsal tubercle as usual; basal

joint of the antenne broadly arcuate beneath and coarsely but simply punc-

HER Se asemes ony eo daepbichda aos. Chocrwerdecnicke pea nsubeacer oebadJocn ed oadccdoas Sool NSU ETRE

Spretus is one of the most minute species of the genus, appre-

ciably smaller than luculentus. It is probably quite local in

habitat.

The species described by me as cephalotes is identical with stra-

atus Lec., which was long ago very carelessly suppressed as a syno-

nym of globosus; it has scarcely anything in common with globosus,

and possesses radically different frontal characters in the male. Sim-

plex Lec. and aterrimus Csy. are both founded upon the female of

this species, the types of stmplex being two very immature females.

Striatus may be readily known by its large head in the male, with

the antennal joints two to four uniformly decreasing and with the

basal joint not modified beneath, and also by the small pubescent

vertexal fovee.

ARTHMIUS LeConte.

There can be no doubt of the validity of this genus, and its sepa-

ration from Batrisus is a necessity in any natural scheme of classi-

fication. Arthmius differs from Batrisus in the complete absence

of an impressed line and post-humeral fovea on the flanks of the

elytra, and in having a radically different arrangement of the im-

pressions and carine at the base of the abdomen; these characters

alone would demand generic isolation, but, in addition, the form of

the body is shorter and stouter—somewhat reminding us of Bry-

axis as noted by LeConte,—the head entirely without trace of any

Coleopterological Notices, V. 473

kind of foveal sulcus, and the prothorax devoid of longitudinal im-

pressed grooves. In fact even the transverse line near the base is

of a structure foreign to Batrisus, being simply a fine fold of the

surface and not an impressed channel.

The conformation of the base of the tergum is wholly different

from anything ever seen in Batrisus, there being two long strong

carine mutually distant by about one-half of the entire width of

the abdomen, each separating two large transverse impressions;

so, instead of three impressions separated by two more approxi-

mate cusps, which is the constant condition in Batrisus, we have

here four impressions arranged in two pairs; this is an extremely

important character from a generic standpoint. The carine,

although similar to those of Bryaxis and especially Decarthron,

are, singularly enough, never divergent as in those genera but

always feebly convergent. The tarsal claws are as in Batrisus.

‘It is useless to attempt to separate the species of Arthmius by

referring to the females, as these possess no visible characters of dif-

ferential value; I have therefore based the following arrangement

of the four species in my cabinet upon male sexual modifications

alone :—

Penultimate ventral segment transversely and deeply excavated.

The excavation broadly rounded in front, rather abruptly defined through-

out and occupying nearly the entire segmental width; ventral pygidium

strongly convex longitudinally, the surface ascending toward apex.

New York to northern Georgia.. Mai paomeines . slobicollis

The excavation small, with the Hes ill. aetna and founded throughout,

not more than one-half as wide as the segment; pygidium rather large,

nearly flat; fifth antennal joint very much larger. Texas....bulbifer

The excavation large, ill-defined and rounded at the edges except ante-

riorly where it is ae angulate ; pygidium nearly flat. North Caro-

IMT eto ciss sean sedeotes dan odadee coo ad agabnons basede involutus

Ee uitimate aaa oan an ee eee deep Pe aration ienees than wide, the

sides of which are parallel and nearly straight, with rounded ill-defined

CUE RMU OIG Aettnclsnsiess/Saceoc' see's dolces vscless (ose telson cotter sae deocesseeeds <SFACIION

In many of the tropical species the head is remarkably modified

in the male, but this is not the case in any thus far found within

the United States. The modified antennal joints five to eight form,

in all of our species, a more or less definite arc, and, on the under

surface, are clothed with much shorter stouter and more recumbent

setee.

I have before me the female of two of these species, and in neither

Annas N. Y. Acap. Scr., VII, Nov. 1893.—31

474 Coleopterological Notices, V.

of them is there any structure at all approaching that figured by

Brendel for that sex (Mon. Pl. 1x, f. 76b); the last ventral is

always large, flat, or very feebly convex, perfectly even on the

disk, and acutely rounded and feebly produced at apex. In con-

sidering the excavated penultimate ventral and terminal pygidium

of the male and the large flat apically prominent last ventral of the

female, it is impossible not to discern a marked homology with

Euplectus. The male pygidium is altogether absent in Batrisus,

this being another very important generic distinction.

The antenna figured in three positions by Dr. Brendel (I. c.) is

very remarkable, and entirely different from anything which I have

observed in this genus.

A. bulbifer n. sp.—Stout, strongly convex, highly polished and pale

flavo-ferruginous throughout, impunctate, the elytra very sparsely punctu-

late ; pubescence coarse, long but not dense. Head just visibly wider than

the prothorax, subquadrate ; upper surface smooth, with two small nude

fovee at basal third separated by rather more than one-half the total width,

also with a feeble impression just behind each of the large feeble antennal

prominences; eyes large, prominent, at one-half of their own length from

the base; antenne one-half as long as the body, the fifth joint very large,

subquadrate, nearly twice as wide as the fourth, eighth strongly acuminate

externally at apex, five to eight forming the usual arc. Prothorar as long as

wide, widest and broadly rounded before the middle; sides feebly convergent

and broadly sinuate toward base; disk even, strongly convex, with a small

nude fovea at each side near the base, the two connected by a fine even

straight and transverse fold of the surface; basal fovee feeble. Flytra convex,

one-third wider than long, nearly one-half longer than the prothorax and

distinctly more than twice as wide; sides evenly arcuate; humeri nearly

obsolete, feebly tumid. Abdomen from above fully as wide as the elytra but

not quite as long, the first segment forming two-thirds of the whole. Length

1.5 mm.; width 0.7 mm.

Texas.

The unique male, from which the description is drawn, appears

to be somewhat immature. The anterior tibie are strongly, tri-

angularly toothed externally at apical third, and the penultimate

ventral has an unusually small, strongly transverse excavation not

more than one-half as wide as its disk, the impression nowhere

abruptly defined; pygidium rather large, nearly flat. A female

before me from Texas, probably of this species, is darker in color

and with much shorter elytra.

A. involutus n. sp.—Moderately stout, highly polished, dark red-brown,

the elytra paler, bright red; legs paler, brown; integuments impunctate ;

Coleopterological Notices, V. 475

pubescence long, coarse, erect but sparse. Head scarcely perceptibly wider

than the prothorax, subquadrate, the upper surface smooth, even, not very

convex, with two strong nude fovee separated by one-half the total width ;

antennal tubercles wide and flat, each limited internally and posteriorly by a

short oblique impression; eyes large, prominent, at fully one-half their length

from the base; antennz one-half as long as the body, fifth joint but slightly

wider than the fourth, eighth but little produced outwardly at apex. Protho-

rax fully as long as wide, widest and broadly rounded at the sides before the

middle, with a fine transverse fold before the base which is flexed abruptly

forward at right angles for a very short distance at its lateral extremities, the

right angles enclosing a small nude fovea; two fovee at the basal margin at

each side deep and distinct. Alytra one-fourth wider than long, one-half

longer than the prothorax and more than twice as wide, convex, impunctate,

the sides broadly arcuate; humeri rather prominent and tumid. Abdomen

from above nearly as wide as the elytra but distinctly shorter, the basal seg-

ment forming one-half the length. Length 1.4-1.5 mm.; width U.65-0.7 mm.

North Carolina (Asheville).

I took a large series of this species in the mountains of western

North Carolina; there is very little variation, but the female differs

considerably from the male, being smaller, unicolorous and darker,

and especially narrower, with shorter elytra and relatively longer

abdomen, the latter having the last dorsal acutely pointed as in

some species of Batrisus. The description refers to the male, the

anterior tibie having a lamelliform external tooth at apical third,

the surface between this and the apex feebly impressed and with

a small central foveola which encloses a condensed tuft of sete;

penultimate ventral with a large deep non-abrupt excavation, angu-

late and abruptly defined anteriorly. This species differs greatly

from bulbifer in the form of the tibial tooth, in addition to the

other sexual characters.

BrRYAXINI,

RYBAKXIS Saulcy.

The species of this genus are not numerous, but appear to be

well differentiated from Bryaxis by possessing a deep groove on

the vertical flank of each elytron and a transverze biarcuate sulcus

joining the lateral pronotal fovez. Although the sulcus is perfectly

constant, exhibiting no tendency to vary in the direction of Bry-

axis, there is notable inconstancy in the median fovea, which may

be large and spongiose or completely obsolete, the sulcus then being

simply abruptly bent and very feebly dilated at this point. Rybaxis

476 Coleopterological Notices, V.

is distinguished further from Bryaxis by the internally dentate an-

terior tibiae of the male. The species known to me may be thus

characterized :—

Median pronotal fovea large circular and spongiose; basal carine of the abdo-

men’ very Short ands remoter.cc. vvecracs sncites vanmanucvieecsmenees at see: valida

Median fovea obsolete or very ene, never spongiose ; cbacmeuen carine less

distant.

Antennal club py normal in the male, the anterior trochanters not

apically iSPINOSe ses sceisesice dasieweieds ateigne deetesbeeaise baa mvc aesisniraic s\e/Q Qh MMIN MIND Glen

Antennal club very tee cones ne Ailey imanioniys in the male, the

anterior trochanters internally spinose near the apex.

Body as in conjuncta; male antennal club broader, the last joint not

longer than the three preceding together ; tenth joint more than twice

AS. Wie: 25 LOMO <aadepnirse cnn wae'e' oteciaclaicelvassiontoa eanretimattewtere . brendeli

Body as in ee enattin oun but with larger ae aie antennal

club more elongate, the tenth joint one-half wider than long, the

eleventh as long as the four preceding, the tenth and eleventh with a

large common flattened impression beneath, which, on the eleventh, is

strongly and very coarsely asperate, on the tenth smooth....mystica

In brendeli Horn, the flattened lower surface of the tenth antennal

joint in the male is not smooth, but coarsely asperate except near

the base. Vaiiaa differs greatly from sanguinea in having a larger

circular pronotal fovea. Dr. Brendel indicates two varieties of con-

juncta; the first is not described and must therefore be regarded as

unpublished, but, on the other hand, truncaticornis appears to be

a valid species.

R. mystica n. sp.—Robust, convex, oval, black, the apical joint of the

antenne paler ; elytra ruby-red, blackish at base and apex ; legs pale ferru-

ginous throughout; integuments polished, subimpunctate, the elytra sparsely

and very obsoletely punctulate; pubescence moderate in length, coarse, sparse.

Head wider than long, very slightly smaller than the prothorax ; eyes large,

prominent; fovee large, deep, just behind the middle, separated by rather

more than one-half the total width; antennal prominences separated by a

large deep and smooth concavity, without trace of fovea; antenne stout, one-

half as long as the body, second joint stouter but not longer than the third,

fourth smallest of all, quadrate, fifth to seventh larger, slightly modified,

eighth narrower, wider than long, ninth twice as wide as lung, more acute

internally, tenth very much longer and wider than the ninth. Prothorax two-

fifths wider than long, widest before the middle, the sides convergent and

broadly, very feebly sinuate thence to the base; transverse sulcus gradually

and feebly dilated in the middle but remaining abruptly defined; median

fovea completely obsolete. i/ytra but slightly wider than long, the sides

feebly divergent, broadly arcuate, rounded at base for some distance to the

Coleopterological Notices, V. ATT

prothorax, the humeri distinct; discal stria extending to apical fourth or

fifth. Abdomen, viewed laterally, scarcely as long as the elytra; basal segment

with two straight divergent carine separated by one-third the discal width and

scarcely one-third as long as the segment. Length 1.5 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

Rhode Island.

The description is drawn from a male example which is appa-

rently unique.

BRYAXIS Leach.

Those species having the dorsal surface of the abdomen similar

in the two sexes, separated by Thomson under the name Brachy-

gluta, appear to be entirely wanting in the North American fauna,

all of our species entering the true genus Bryaxis as limited by

Sauley, Reitter and others. Nisa Csy., is a subgenus, differing

from the true Bryaxis in having the medial of the three spongiose

pronotal fovee much smaller than the lateral, and all very feebly

impressed, in having the trochanters larger—often spinose in the

male,—the first dorsal segment entirely devoid of carine, and the

antennal club of the male curiously and intricately modified but

with the tergum simple; the venter is generally broadly and feebly

impressed nearly throughout the length in that sex. The following

is a distinct and interesting species, with very complex abdominal

modifications in the male, from which sex the description is taken :—

B. labyrinthea n. sp.—Moderately stout, convex, polished, bright

rufo-testaceous throughout; pubescence rather long, coarse and sparse. Head

impunctate, with three large spongiose fovee, the surface between the occi-

pital fovee and the eye feebly impressed; eyes large, prominent, not quite

attaining the base; antenne long and slender, all the joints elongate, except

eight to ten which increase gradually in size, obtrapezoidal in form, the eighth

wider than long. Prothorax very feebly and sparsely punctulate, slightly

wider than long, but little wider than the head, the median fovea much

smaller, more basal and deeper than the lateral, very deeply impressed, with

a small spongiose area at the bottom. lytra convex, finely, very sparsely

punctulate, nearly as long as wide, almost twice as wide as the prothorax.

Abdomen shorter than the elytra, with two large exposed dorsal segments, the

first three times as wide as long, with two equally trisecting parallel and very

pronounced tumid ridges, gradually increasing in size and prominence from

base to apex and each bearing upon its crest one of the fine abdominal carina,

the latter entire and separated by one-third the width, just perceptibly diver-

gent; apex abruptly perpendicular throughout the width, with a porrect

setose process at lateral third far below the crest of the corresponding dorsal

ridge, and also a small rounded porrect median lobe, bearing at apex two

478 Coleopterological Notices, V.

small approximate and mutually everted reflexed and corneous lamine.

Second segment slightly longer than the first, trapezoidal, one-half wider

than long, the apex broadly sinuate with obtusely rounded angles and two-

thirds as wide as the base, the surface not at all foveate at base, broadly,

strongly impressed laterally especially toward base, the median parts obtusely

but strongly elevated throughout the length, becoming broadly and gradually

impressed toward apex thus forming the apical sinuation. The second seg-

ment only slightly overreaches the third, which is inferior and but slightly

modified. Metasternum broadly impressed. Length 1.8 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

New York. Mr. W. Jiilich.

It is almost impossible to describe the extremely complicated

modifications on the transverse vertical wall which forms the apex

of the first segment. This species is allied to intermedia, differing

in the parallel and not oblique elevations of the first segment, the

shorter broader and non-foveate second segment and in many other

details.

The species described by me under the name infinita (Bull. Cal.

Acad. Sci., II, p. 184), is an altogether different thing from bel-

Fraget, with which it has been considered synonymous. The dif-

ferences can be noted in the following statement drawn from the

females of the two species, the original types of each :—

Distinctly stouter in form ; head much smaller and narrower than the protho-

rax, the eyes moderate in size, the tempora strongly convergent behind

them to the neck; prothorax slightly transverse; subapical dorsal seg-

ments of the abdomen inferior and strongly inflexed............belfragelL

Head very large, fully as wide as the prothorax, the eyes extremely large and

prominent, extending to the base; tempora obsolete; prothorax much

shorter and more transverse; abdominal segments feebly inflexed near

tIVeE APEX sisdiva isis soecaeicien ltbleiclejeils we efariataein apne alee apeled blte Se dleleePateehatae's erste etc tI IMAM IAM NTN

The drawing of belfraget given by Brendel (Bull. Univ. Iowa,

P|. rx, f. 57) seems to have been taken from a specimen of inji-

nita, and the male sexual modifications are probably of the same

general type in both. There can be no doubt that the original

series from which infinita was described, was composed entirely of

females, and the differences signaled in the remarks beneath the de-

scription, were in some measure due to unconscious imagination

while laboring under the impression that there ought at any rate

to be one male among fourteen specimens."

1 A lifetime might well be occupied in simply training the brain to see

#hings as they really are and as revealed to us by the visual images on the

retina, and the nearest we can ever get to truth is an approximation, depend-

ay oe ae

Coleopterological Notices, V. 479

Under the name dentata Say, two remotely isolated species have

been confused, one having the body larger, pale brown throughout,

with the first dorsal strongly conical and prominent at apex in the

male, and the other smaller, black with paler elytra, the first ven-

tral not prominent at apex. Neither of these species corresponds

with Say’s description, which states that the elytra are “half the

length of the tergum ;” body blackish, with paler elytra, the ‘‘ter-

gum simple,” and the length one-twentieth of an inch. No species

of Bryaxis known to me has the elytra so short in comparison with

the tergum. No mention is made of any sexual modification, but

there is added ‘‘ Var. a. Reddish-brown.”” In view of the name

given by Say, and of the fact that he had before him reddish-

brown specimens, I think the best way out of this dilemma is to

apply the name dentata Say, to the species for which it is most

appropriate, viz.: the larger brown species with strongly conical

first dorsal, and to designate the smaller blackish species by an-

other name, as suggested in the following description drawn from

the male :—

B. intricata n. sp.—Moderately stout, convex, polished and subimpnnc-

tate throughout, black ; antenne piceous ; elytra and legs rufo-ferruginous ;

pubescence short, subrecumbent, sparse. Head smaller and just visibly nar-

rower than the prothorax, deeply trifoveate ; eyes moderate, but slightly more

than twice as long as the tempora, the latter strongly convergent; antennz

rather short and stout, as long as the head and prothorax, club gradual, robust,

fourth joint scarcely longer than wide. /rothorax but slightly wider than

long, widest at the middle, with three extremely large equal circular and

spongiose fovee, the median much nearer the base than the lateral. Elytra

but slightly wider than long, quite distinctly less than twice as wide as the

prothorax, the sides moderately divergent, broadly arcuate; humeri distinct.

Abdomen, viewed laterally, much shorter than the elytra. First dorsal nearly

two and one-half times as wide as its median length, broadly, parabolically

rounded behind throughout the width, with two fine short basal carine which

are parallel and distant by about one-half the discal width, the surface evenly,

feebly convex throughout; apex not deflexed but with the surface very slightly

more transversely arched in median sixth or seventh, the edge of the arch

broadly, very feebly and simply emarginate. Second segment scarcely one-

half as long as the first, excavated in anterior two-thirds and median third,

the excavation with two distant anteriorly divergent ridges which are densely

clothed with short erect sete; at the apical margin, under the apex of the

ing not only upon the amount and quality of this training, but upon the

relative freedom of the brain from temporary bias and prepossession.

480 Coleopterological Notices, V.

first segment, there is a thin transverse erect lamina, gradually curved back-

ward, the apex appearing immediately under the middle of the emargination

of the first segment ; from the posterior base of the erect lamina there projects

obliquely backward a small straight narrow ligula. Remainder of abdomen

simple. Legs rather slender, the posterior tibie bent, the intermediate shorter

and thicker. Length 1.25 mm.; width 0.65 mm.

New York.

The abdominal characters of this species are more nearly homo-

logous with those of the texana group than with abdominalis or

intermedia. It is one of the smallest species of the genus.

In the desert regions extending from western Texas to southern

California there are species of a peculiar type, pale ferruginous in

color and having the first dorsal segment in the male very long, in

fact constituting the entire abdomen when viewed from above, with

the apex deflexed and more or less broadly sinuate in the middle.

I have before me three species, all represented by the male alone,

the female being apparently very rare; they may be distinguished

as follows :—

Elytra but slightly wider than long, the suture very much longer than the

first ventral segment, with the sides less divergent and more arcuate.

First dorsal segment with the sides subparallel, at the apex much wider

than the elytra at the humeri; second nearly twice as long as the third,

the apex broadly, feebly sinuate in middle fourth, the surface feebly and

approximately biimpressed in median fourth and anterior half; second

and third segments strongly punctate throughout; third and fourth sub-

equal in length; last dorsal broader, even, entire and very broadly

rounded at apex. Length 1.5 mm.; width 0.7 mm. Southern California,

loripes n. sp.

First dorsal strongly narrowed from base to apex, at the latter point scarcely

wider than the elytra at the humeri; second transverse at’apex, scarcely

at al] longer than the third, feebly, obliquely impressed on the disk at

each side of median third in anterior half, and also along the apical

margin, the central portion between the impressions very feebly elevated,

strongly punctate and setose; third segment one-half longer than the

fourth, with the apex broadly and very feebly sinuate in the middle;

last dorsal with a short beveled spongiose apical region, the anterior

margin of which is abruptly limited and broadly anteriorly arcuate

throughout the width ; body otherwise nearly similar in form and size to

loripes though rather tec stout. pug nod pan cagecH ano Ange ..texana Csy.

Elytra short and transverse, the Miles eon dinero feos the humeri and

nearly straight; suture but slightly longer than the first dorsal; second

dorsal scarcely more than one-half as long as the third, deeply emarginate

in the middle of its anterior margin under the apex of the first, the surface

with a transverse elevated median tubercle occupying the entire segmental

Coleopterological Notices, V. 481

length and limited at each side by a feeble oblique impression, the latter

more distinct anteriorly ; third segment nearly twice as long as the fourth,

the former scarcely perceptibly sinuate at the middle of the apex; punc-

tures throughout fine and sparse; body smaller and less stout.

arizonee Csy.

The lengths of the segments are measured along the middle line.

Of foveata Lec., I have before me several specimens taken in

Utah by Mr. Soltau, and perfectly agreeing with the female type

from Yuma, California. The male has the following abdominal

characters :-—

First dorsal a little more than twice as wide as long, with two feebly diver-

gent basal carine more than one-third as long as the segment (very much

shorter and feebler in the female), separated by one-half of the discal width ;

apical margin broadly, feebly arcuate; surface even but, near the apex at

the middle, very slightly more transversely arched, the edge feebly emargi-

nate in median eighth to tenth, the notch rounded, much deeper when viewed

obliquely from behind ; second segment less than one-half as long as the first,

broadly, deeply impressed in median half and anterior two-thirds, the im-

pressed area transverse, with a posteriorly arcuate rounded hind margin, the

bottom smooth polished and nearly even throughout, the middle of the ante-

rior margin narrowly reflexed and curved upward and backward far under

the arched portion of the apex of the first segment.

Foveata belongs to the same group as intricafa and resembles

it in form and size, but is dark red-brown in color with paler elytra.

There are no marked sexual differences in the antennex, and the ori-

ginal type as described (Ann. Lyc. N. H., V, p. 215) appears to be

afemale. The description of the male sexual characters more re-

cently published by LeConte (Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., VIII, p. 181) is

somewhat misleading.

The sexual characters of some previously published species now

united as varieties of hematica, indicate that they are really en-

titled to full specific recognition. This is especially the case with

perforata Aubé. It is desirable therefore that perforata Brend,

should receive another designation, and I would suggest the nane

terebrata. This species belongs to the same group as foveata

and intricata.

REICHENBACHIA Leach.

Our eastern species of this genus are somewhat difficult to identify

owing to the absence of strongly marked sexual characters; a few

of them however, such as scabra, gemmifer and puncticollis, are

482 Coleopterological Notices, V.

quite isolated otherwise. The typical rubicunda is rather stout, with

subimpunctate polished integuments, elytra distinctly shorter than

wide, abdominal carine rather long, divergent and separated by

between one-fifth and one-sixth of the entire width, the pubescence

long, bristling and coarse, and the male sexual characters feeble, the

last ventral flattened and the last dorsal with a very small apical

sinuation, two or three times as wide as deep, with its Jateral limits

not abruptly defined. In gracilicornis the body is equally stout

and the carine similar, but the vestiture is a little shorter and

coarser, and the last dorsal has at apex a small semi-circular nick,

abruptly limited by acute angles, the last ventral just visibly im-

pressed. Graczlis is narrower and still more hirsute than rubicunda,

though similarly carinate, and has the last ventral deeply impressed,

the last dorsal being broadly sinuate at apex, the sinuation about

twice as wide as in rubicunda or gracilicornis but nearly similar

in shape to that of the former. Adlantica also has the vestiture

long, erect and hirsute, but the abdominal carinz are much closer,

nearly as in divergens.

On the other hand divergens, facilis, cribricollis, congener,

furtiva and inepia, have the pubescence decidedly shorter and

more recumbent, and the abdominal carine generally less distant

though in different degrees; in ¢nepta they are relatively a little

more distant than in rubicunda, this species as well as congener

being distinguished also by its minute size. In congener, furtiva

and cribricollis—if I have correctly identified this species—the

caring are a little less distant than in rubtcunda but more distant

than in facilis and divergens, where they are separated at base by

a distance not greater than that of the sutural striz at the middle

of the elytra. Cribricollis has an unusually long prothorax.

Divergens was recently redescribed by Brendel under the name

canadensis, specimens sent to. me by the author agreeing completely

with the types in the LeConte cabinet ; the pronotum in these types

is sparsely and coarsely but feebly punctate, more distinctly so ante-

riorly and not impunctate as stated in the original description.

The species is easily recognizable by its short transverse and roughly

scabro-punctate elytra. Facilis is a widely different species with

longer, subimpunctate elytra and still more minute appressed pu-

bescence; it differs also in antennal structure and male sexual

characters, and was possibly described by Brendel under the name

divergens Lec.

Coleopterological Notices, V. 483

Inopia Csy., is the same as litoralis Brendel; this is one of the

species confounded with pwncticollis by LeConte. I agree with

Dr. Brendel that the true puncticollis is, when mature, dark with

reddish elytra, the pronotum being very strongly and closely punc-

tate especially in the male. It is abundant in the swamps near

New York and Washington. “The prothorax in inopia is feebly

punctate, especially anteriorly, and not impunctate, as originally

stated.

The few remaining specimens of nevadensis in my cabinet are

females, and it is quite certain that the male has never been taken.

The head is without a true frontal fovea, but has a short distinct

transverse linear and pubescent impression between the antenne ;

otherwise it is so similar to the female of fundata and deformata

that I have no hesitation in putting it near them for the present ;

in the females of those species there is no trace of the transverse

frontal impression.’

The species described by me as franciscana is identical with

compar as surmised by Dr. Brendel. The name polzta given by

Brendel to one of our species is preoccupied by King for an Aus-

tralian species—possibly belonging to the genus Rybaxis however.

Minuta Brend. (Proc. Ent. Soc., Phila., 1865, p. 30) cannot be

identified, and is not referred to by Dr. Brendel in his recent mono-

graph.

The following species seem to have been overlooked :—

R. furtiva n. sp.—Stout, convex, polished, black or piceous-black with

paler and more rufous elytra; legs and antenne pale ferruginous; integu-

ments sparsely and not distinctly punctulate ; pubescence very short but stiff,

almost recumbent, rather sparse. Head much narrower but only slightly

shorter than the prothorax, deeply trifoveate; eyes moderate, very convex

and prominent, at very nearly their own length from the base; antennze

slender, one-half as long as the body, the club very gradual, joints elongate,

. fifth twice as long as wide, eighth as long as wide. Prothorax nearly one-half

wider than long, widest and evenly, strongly rounded at about the middle;

apex scarcely two-thirds as wide as the base; median fovea small but distinct,

lateral large, visible from above. l/ytra large, nearly twice as long as the

prothorax and fully twice as wide, not quite as long as wide; humeri narrow

at base but distinct; discal stria evanescent at apical fifth. Abdomen, from

above, much shorter than the elytra, equally wide, the first dorsal nearly

1 The small circular fovea in the transverse frontal impression, mentioned

in the original description of nevadensis, seems to be the result of slight injury

to the type, which was the only specimen examined in this connection.

484 Coleopterological Notices, V.

three times as wide as long, with two very short basal strie which are strongly

divergent and distant at base by one-sixth of the discal width. Legs rather

long and slender. Length 1.3 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

Pennsylvania. :

A single pair, differing only in the length of the abdominal

carine. The carine appear to be variable in length as a general

rule in this genus, but are less variable in direction and are quite

constant in mutual distance asunder. The male type above de-

scribed has the last ventral very large, very broadly and somewhat

deeply impressed, the impression even; last dorsal very broadly

but distinctly sinuate at apex.

This species belongs near rubscunda and gracilicornis, but dif-

fers greatly in its short subrecumbent pubescence and strongly

marked male sexual characters of the last ventral, also in the very

different form of the terminal notch of the last dorsal. It is also

closely allied to facalis, having the same minute decumbent pubes-

cence, but more distant abdominal carine; it is intermediate be-

tween rubicunda and facilis in many respects.

R. inepta n. sp.—Rather stout, convex, polished, subimpunctate, dark

red-brown, the elytra brighter rufous; pubescence moderately abundant,

rather short, stiff, inclined. Head much smaller than the prothorax, with

three spongiose fovez, the two posterior smaller than the subapical; eyes

moderate in size, well before the base; antenne scarcely longer than the

head and prothorax, rather slender, the club stout, fifth joint nearly one-half

longer than wide, the eighth slightly transverse. Prothorax two-fifths wider

than long, rounded on the sides and widest just before the middle; lateral

fovee distinct, intermediate subobsolete, consisting of an oval impression so

feeble as to be discernible only in certain lights, near the posterior margin of

which there is an excessively minute puncture, only distinct under rather

high power. lytra transverse, one-half—wider than long, one-half longer

than the prothorax and nearly twice as wide; sides strongly divergent ; discal

stria extending nearly to apical sixth. Abdomen, from above, but slightly

shorter than the elytra and equally wide, the first segment nearly three times

as wide as loug, with two straight divergent carine in basal third, separated

by about one-fourth of the discal width. Length 1.0 mm.; width 0.65 mm.

New Jersey.

The single specimen before me is a female. The species belongs

near rubicunda, differing obviously however in its very minute

size, shorter, coarser vestiture and nearly obsolete subbasal fovea

of the pronotum. It is also allied to furtiva but has the pubes-

cence longer and coarser, and the abdominal carine more distant ;

the size, also, is much smaller.

a ee

Coleopterological Notices, V. 485

R. demissa n. sp.—Moderately stout, convex, polished, dark brown, the

elytra paler ; integuments subimpunctate ; pubescence short, coarse, strongly

inclined, not very dense but distinct. Head scarcely shorter but much nar-

rower than the prothorax, excepting the eyes subquadrate; fovee deep, the

posterior widely distant, subapical larger, in the interantennal depression ;

eyes rather small, prominent; tempora to the neck a little longer than the

eye, strongly rounded ; antenne about as long as the head and prothorax,

normal, the club gradual but heavy, the eleventh joint nearly as long as the

preceding four. /Prothorax transverse, one-half wider than long, widest at the

middle where the sides are rather strongly rounded ; apex one-half as wide as

the disk and two-thirds as wide as the base; lateral fovee large, deep, just

behind the middle, visible from above, median small, near the base. Llytra

very feebly punctulate, together fully two-fifths wider than long, one-half

longer than the prothorax and nearly twice as wide; sides strongly divergent ;

humeri broadly, obliquely rounded, not abrupt; discal stria deep, extending

to apical fifth. Abdomen, from above, slightly shorter than the elytra but fully

as wide; basal carine fine, fully one-third as long as the segment, very feebly

divergent but slightly everted. toward apex, separated by rather more than

one-third of the discal width. Legs moderate; posterior tibie bent as usual.

Length 1.1 mm.; width 0.65 mm.

District of Columbia. ,

The type is a male but with very feeble sexual modifications,

having the last ventral feebly flattened and the sinuation at the

tip of the last dorsal narrow and scarcely distinct.

This minute species resembles congener in size but belongs near

polita in the Brendelian arrangement, differing in its smaller size,

much shorter, broader form, more transverse prothorax and elytra,

and in many other characters. Two specimens.

There is a remarkable group of Reichenbachia confined appa-

rently to our southwestern country, which is distinguished not

only by curious modifications of the intermediate joints of the

antenne, but more particularly by the fact that these modifications

exist in a rudimentary manner also in the antenne of the female,

although the special function subserved by them in the former sex

apparently cannot obtain in the latter. It seems as though this

phenomenon might be parallel in some way with that presented

by the rudimentary, though well-marked, mamme of the male in

the higher vertebrates.

The species of this little group may be distinguished in the fol-

lowing manner by the females, the males of subtilis and complec-

tens being unknown :—

486 Coleopterological Notices, V.

Fifth and sixth antennal joints almost exactly equal, distinctly stouter than

the fourth, three-fourths longer than wide, feebly rounded internally,

straighter externally ; body larger and much stouter....complectens

Fifth and sixth joints cylindrical, not much thicker but very much longer

than the fourth ; fifth shorter than the sixth, the former less, the latter

more than twice as long, as Wide 65. .scennctes eo efeesmenisacieas one tumida

Fifth antennal joint alone modified, aligbely, thic ae more ae internally

toward apex, nearly twice as long as wide, as eee as the two preceding

together and two-thirds longer than the sixth; first joint much longer

and thicker than the second, densely punctate and with long pubescence ;

eyes moderate; frontal fovea less apical, much nearer each of the vertexal

fovee than the transverse distance separating the latter, the triangle

much wider than long........... af ase an en . Wickhami

Fifth joint alone modified ra in selon Jena Rie ies as long as wide

and not quite as long as the two preceding together ; first joint not longer

or wider than the second, sparsely punctulate and sparsely pubescent like

the following ; eyes much larger, twice as long as the tempora; fovee of

the head forming an equilateral triangle, the frontal much more apical,

on the declivity and as distant from each of the vertexal as the latter are

from each other; length 1.25 mm., width 0.6. Yuma, California.

subtilis

In subtilis, which is represented by the unique female type only,

the circular spongiose frontal fovea is not at all smaller than the

others, but if anything a little larger; it is however unusually

apical, being situated on the anterior declivity and so may appear

very slightly smaller or, more properly, elliptical, from a vertical

point of view; in a posteriorly oblique line of sight it may of course

soon be made to vanish. Subtilis may be very readily separated

from wickhamt by the larger eyes, position of the frontal fovea,

and much smaller basal joint of the antenne.

In all of these species the color is pale rufo-ferruginous through-

out, the surface very convex, the elytra long and ample, the basal

carine of the abdomen short, subparallel and separated by one-

third of the total width, except .in tumzda, where they are sensibly

more distant. In é¢wmzda the head of the male is very remarkable,

the upper surface being nearly flat with two large distant fovee at

basal third, produced anteriorly beyond the antenne in a short

trapezoid, the apex abruptly transversely truncate, feebly bisinuate

and as wide as one-half the interfoveal distance; at the narrow

truncate apex the surface becomes abruptly vertical or even gradu-

ally feebly inflexed to the labrum, the vertical part one-half as long

as the upper horizontal part; the frontal fovea is replaced by a

Coleopterological Notices, V. 487

transversely fusiform spongiose line at the angle separating the

vertical from the upper portion, and is invisible from above. The

large sixth antennal joint is deeply excavated almost throughout

its extent beneath, the excavation clothed with erect subsquamiform

sete. In the female the head, as in complectens &, is simple, the

three circular foveee forming a large equilateral triangle. These

four species, while agreeing generally among themselves, are all

very isolated, and the discovery of the male of subéelis and com-

plectens may be awaited with interest. In conformity with a gen-

eral rule in the present genus, the female is smaller than the male,

and has shorter elytra.

BYTHININI.

BYTHINUS Leach.

The presence or absence of small raised knobs on the under sur-

face of the second palpal joint is not a generic character in this

group of species, as these minute tuberosities may be traced more

or less readily in nearly every representative ; in our own cart-

natus they are extremely feeble, but in tychoides Brend. ( Tychus

bythinioides Br. olim) they are very distinct. In fact Machezrodes

tychoides agrees almost exactly with an example of Bythinus italicus

in my cabinet, and I cannot perceive that there is even a subgeneric

difference in any direction.

Pselaptrichus is extremely closely allied to Bythinus, differing

only in the longer abdomen and more narrowed and produced

frontal tubercle, but in view of the variation exhibited in the latter

respect by the numerous species of Bythinus, this cannot be con-

sidered of very decisive value. The more elongate apparent first

dorsal segment is the only really important differential character

possessed by Pselaptrichus tuberculipalpus Brend., but there can

be but little doubt that this alone is sufficient to establish its

validity.

Bythinus is extremely poorly represented in America, but in

Europe appears to be the most important element of the family.

CYLINDRARCTUS Schaufuss.

The more elongate third palpal joint, mentioned by Scbaufuss

and Raffray as a distinguishing feature of this genus, is, it seems

488 Coleopterological Notices, V.

to me, one of the least decisive of the differential characters, for

there is no species in which this joint becomes fully as long as the

fourth, and there are several species of true Tychus which have the

third and fourth joints quite similar to the usual form in Cylin-

drarctus; the second palpal joint is however more abruptly and

strongly clavate and with a more slender peduncle in Tychus.

Cylindrarctus is very closely allied to Tychus, but differs in the

more elongate and somewhat more depressed form of the body, the

more elongate antenne, in having the vertexal fovez on the sloping

sides near the eye—and not remote from the eye and visible from

above as in Tychus,—and especially in the much less distant poste-

rior coxe.

In Tychus the basal joint of the antenne is usually simple, while

in Cylindrarctus it is generally modified in some peculiar manner ;

in the former the male may or may not have the anterior trochanters

spiculate, and the last ventral is seldom foveate as in Cylindrarctus,

but,—in 7’. minor for example,—has the surface broadly concave,

the apex gradually deflexed to the level of the flat ventral pygidium.

In Tychus the second joint of the posterior tarsi is subequal to or

longer than the third, while in the present genus the second joint is

shorter than the third. Duly considering all of these differences, I

am therefore inclined to agree with Mr. Raffray in considering

Cylindrarctus a genus distinct from Tychus.

The known species may be thus distinguished :—

Third palpal joint angulate internally near the base; sixth ventral of the male

with a deep indefinitely limited impression, which is acutely angulate

anteriorly at the anterior margin, the apical margin deflexed and with an

abruptly limited semi-circular notch oecevcsenessceetes osocseceren I ONSE DA LDES

Third palpal joint more or less broadly rounded:within behind the middle,

not at all angulate.

Basal joint of the antenne obliquely carinate externally at base; sixth ven-

tral of the male with a deep triangular excavation, the apical angle of

which is at the anterior margin as in es bowie rather

shorter than usual, very coarse. ci serdememeiccsmeniasts americanus

Basal joint not described ; cents aon ter faa in comes and crinifer ;

sixth ventral with a det circular fovea; body larger, 1.9 mm. in length.

ludovicianus

Basal joint obliquely flattened in a large external area at base; sixth ven-

tral of the male with a small transversely lunate impression just before

Pe Vembral, Py SUA Os vapees secruan uae neat Mernels py aeeinina ancl seein comes

Basal joint compressed beadati, ine eee margin strongly Midi: females

only known; vestiture very long and bristling.............0.+0+sCrimifer

——

Coleopterological Notices, V. 489

Of americanus Schauf. I have before me a single male from I[Ili-

nois; itis blackish in color throughout and unusually narrow and

elongate; the third palpal joint is evidently shorter than the fourth.

C. comes n. sp.—Moderately narrow and convex, polished, subimpunc-

tate, dark rufo-testaceous, the abdomen piceous ; pubescence sparse but very

long, erect, the hairs of the elytra about one-third as long as the prothorax.

Head longer than wide, as long as the prothorax but much narrower; eyes

large, prominent, nearly at the base; antennal tubercles convex; vertexal

fovez deep, perforate, on the sloping sides near the eye; subfrontal spicule

midway between fovea and tubercle, small; palpi long, third and fourth

joints beset with long erect sete, the former much the shorter; antenne one-

half as long as the body, the club not quite as long as the funicle, first joint

stout, longer than wide, with a large oval area at base which is flattened and

well defined above and beneath, one to three decreasing feebly in thickness,

three to seven longer than wide, eighth wider than long, ninth and tenth

abruptly much wider, trapezoidal, eleventh as long as the preceding three.

Prothorax convex, nearly as long as wide, widest and strongly rounded at the

middle; sides thence strongly convergent to the apex which is three-fifths as

wide as the base; near the basal margin a few small feeble impressions and

on each side before the base a larger fovea. lytra about as long as wide, as

long as the head and prothorax, nearly twice as wide as the latter; humeri

evident, widely exposed at base, the humeral width fully four-fifths of the

subapical; impressed discal line extending to the middle. Abdomen scarcely

as wide as the elytra and much shorter, the first visible dorsal distinctly

longer than the second ; border moderate. Length 1.6 mm.; width 0.7 mm.

Florida.

The male, from which the description is taken, has a short stout

erect spine at the base of the anterior and posterior trochanters, the

intermediate simple. The metasternum is tumid, the tumidity bear-

ing two rather distant short erect and acute spines, arranged trans-

versely just before the middle of the metasternal length, the poste-

rior declivity broadly feebly and longitudinally impressed to the

intercoxal sinuation. First and second ventrals not impressed, the

sixth with a small deep lunate impression at apex, not extending

beyond the middle of the segment and bordering the small flat ven-

tral pygidium. |

This species differs from ludovicitanus Brend. in its smaller siz

and longer pubescence.

C. crinifer n. sp.—Rather convex, polished, dark rufo-testaceous through-

out, often paler from immaturity ; integuments subimpunctate; pubescence

long, sparse, erect and bristling, the hairs of the elytra nearly one-third as

long as the prothorax. Head scarcely as long as the prothorax and about

Annas N. Y. Acap. Sc1., VII, Nov. 1893.— 32

490 Coleopterological Notices, V.

three-fourths as wide, convex; eyes moderate, near the base; supra-ocular

fovez at some distance from the eye; spicules very small; antenne one-half

as long as the body, the basal joint stout, compressed beneath, two to five

longer than wide, six and seven quadrate, eighth wider than long, club large,

abrupt; palpi long but stout, the last two joints pubescent with erect, minutely

capitulate sete and smaller subrecumbent hairs. Prothorax one-fourth wider

than long, widest at the middle where the sides are rather broadly rounded,

strongly convergent and sinuate toward the apex, which is two-thirds as wide

as the base; subbasal fovea at each side rather large, the surface before it

somewhat broadly flattened. Slytra not quite as long as wide, scarcely as

long as the head and prothorax ; sides broadly, evenly arcuate throughout ;

humeri angulate and distinctly exposed, the humeral width fully three-fourths

of the subapical ; discal impression feeble, traceable to the middle. Abdomen

rather narrower and much shorter than the elytra. Length 1.5-1.6 mm.;

width 0.65-0.7 mm.

Indiana; Iowa.

The two type specimens are females, which leads me to think that

the modifications of the first antennal joint in this genus may possi-

bly be to some extent asexual.

TYCHUS Leach.

In both Tychus and Cylindrarctus the sexual characters are nearly

as in Arthmius, the male having a small flat horizontal pygidium

behind the last ventral segment; in the female the pygidium is

wanting, and the last ventral is more or less acutely produced in

the middle at apex. In these genera the first antennal joint is

attached to the under side of the frontal tubercles as in Pselaphus,

and the antennal cavities are very large and extremely deep, so that

they meet internally, being separated—in an oval area—only by a

thin transparent membrane. In both genera the upper surface of

the head has a small nude puncture, more or less near the anterior

part of the eye, and, between this and the frontal tubercles on each

side, a smail erect spicule which is a very constant peculiarity

throughout. The antennal tubercles are large, approximate, and

separated by a short longitudinal canal.

Our species are comparatively few in number, and none have yet

been observed possessing sexual modifications of the antenne ; they

are minute, closely allied among themselves, and may be distin-

guished by the following characters :—

Coleopterological Notices, V. 491

Species of the Atlantic Regions.

Dark brownish-rufous in color; fovee of the head extremely minute, perfo-

rate, the subfrontal spicules very feeble (testaceus || Csy.) ..........--MIMOr

Black, sometimes with slightly paler elytra; much smaller species, the ver-

texal fovee larger, more impressed, the spicules large and conspicuous.

Subfrontal spicules midway between the tubercles and vertexal fovee.

spiculifer

Subfrontal spicules very near the fovez, distant from the tubercles.

verticalis

Species of the Rocky Mountains.

Body small, brown, coarsely, not densely pubescent, impunctate; eyes rudi-

mentary. Length 1.4 mm...........cecce cesses cee eee eee ee MMICFOPh thal mus

Species of the Pacific Coast.

Antenne normal, the club composed of three larger joints, the ninth abruptly

much wider than the eighth; anterior trochanters generally not sexually

modified. ‘

Pubescence dual, composed of very long erect hairs with others much shorter

AIMAMMAOLE, MECUTMDEME| <seiccn catiecs vee tonicasavecsorcs/ces sve oee ens . puberulus

Pubescence simple or en so, an wut much feasts conspicuous.

Elytra larger, the humeri broadly exposed at base, rounded (bipuncticeps

aie eee ieetomicceleasloacloctiaun.sectsclsclace seaippnientisesicorirsicnsontest sesso COMMA eels

Elytra smaller, more oblique at the sides to the base, the humeral angles

MOM OM Me cteeetniat cleais cialaiacieicinicissiatainiaaaiewaleeereiiaies siosioesiact dee ete'e . SOnOmc#

Antenne with a very stout aap hich is camiowaedl sane Sabiely of the last

two joints, the ninth but slightly wider than the eighth ; body very small,

narrow, blackish, with the elytra red clouded with black toward base ;

pubescence rather long; anterior trochanters strongly spiculate at base in

HME MIDI CPN ace techies ce tees ciosleaviiccase davis caceds bea daodatieamacsbacavosdiee tes oe SCMCRDUES

In cognatus the sixth ventral of the male is feebly subimpressed,

the apex with a broad feeble cuspiform emargination; in tenellus

the sixth ventral is scarcely impressed, the apex with a triangular

emargination ; in both, the male pygidium is very small.

T. spiculifer n. sp.—Minute, black, the elytra more rufous; legs and

antenne pale; integuments polished, subimpunctate; pubescence sparse, long

and coarse. Head distinctly narrower than the prothorax and about as long;

eyes situated at nearly their own length from the base; vertexal fovez rather

large, distinct from above, the subfrontal spicules distinct, midway between

the fovee and the large, somewhat flattened antennal tubercles; antenne

stout, fully one-half as long as the body, the club large, fully as long as the

seven preceding joints, one to three decreasing in thickness, the third obconi-

cal, as long as wide, three to eight equal in thickness, four to eight transverse,

ninth and tenth much wider, strongly transverse, eleventh large, almost as

long as the preceding four together; maxillary palpi moderate in develop-

492 Coleopterological Notices, V.

ment, the third joint broadly rounded within. VProthorar a little wider than

long, widest and rather broadly rounded at the sides; apex three-fourths as

wide as the base, lateral subbasal fovee large. Llytra not as long as wide,

one-half longer than the prothorax and nearly twice as wide; sides broadly

arcuate behind, oblique; humeri scarcely at all exposed at base; humeral

width barely more than two-thirds of the subapical; discal stria extending

rather behind the middle. Abdomen a little shorter than the elytra and nearly

as wide, the first dorsal slightly longer than the second. Leys moderate.

Length 1.2 mm. ; width 0.45 mm.

Pennsylvania.

The single type appears to be a female and is about equal in

length to tenellus but broader. Another female from Illinois is a

little larger, with slightly longer elytra, but I cannot perceive that

it is specifically distinct.

T. verticalis n. sp.—Minute, piceous-black and polished throughout,

the legs and anteune pale, subimpunctate except the elytra which are sparsely

punctulate ; pubescence long, coarse and sparse. Head across the eyes fully

as wide as long, narrower than the prothorax; eyes at about one-half their

length from the base, large, prominent; antennal tubercles large, convex,

vertexal fovee large, visible from above, the spicules large and very near the

fovez, distant from the tubercles; antenne rather stout, one-half as long as

the body, the club not quite as long as the funicle, first three joints decreasing,

third rather longer than wide, four to eight slightly transverse, the fifth but

little wider than long, ninth to eleventh abruptly wider, increasing in width ;

third palpal joint broad, triangular. Prothorax distinctly wider than long,

widest and rounded at the middle, the apex three-fourths as wide as the base;

lateral subbasal fovee deep. Llytra not quite as long as wide, two-thirds

longer than the prothorax and distinctly less than twice as wide; sides oblique,

rounded behind; humeri but slightly exposed at base, the humeral width

three-fourths of the subapical; discal stria extending rather behind the

middle. Abdomen a little narrower and much shorter than the elytra, the

first dorsal much longer than the second. Length 1.2 mm.; width 0.45 mm.

District of Columbia.

The type is a female and resembles spzculifer ; it may be readily

distinguished however by the position of the subfrontal spicules,

which are very near the foveew, also by the larger and more basal

eyes, more transverse prothorax and some other characters. Both

of these species differ from minor in their much smaller size,

blacker coloration, much larger vertexal fovee, and larger sub-

frontal spicules.

Coleopterological Notices, V. . 493

VALDA 2. gen.

This remarkably distinct and interesting genus is evidently to be

associated with Cylindrarctus and Tychus, but also evinces some

affinity with Arthmius and Pselaphus, as is likewise the case with

the genera mentioned. In Cylindrarctus the tarsal claw has a dis- |

tinct basal unguiform appendage, but here there are two long slender

and well-developed but unequal claws as in Batrisus.

In Valda the body is nearly as in Cylindrarctus, the first ventral

segment very short but visible from side to side; the second and

third ventrals—first and second visible dorsals—are long, but some-

what exceptionally, the former is distinctly shorter than the latter

above and beneath. The trochanters are normally bythinoid, the

anterior coxe long and conical, the intermediate narrowly sepa-

rated by the sternal processes and the posterior approximate, nar-

rowly but quite perceptibly separated. Mesosternum long, finelv

but strongly bicarinate, the metasternum large. Maxillary palpi

long and greatly developed, the first joint minute; second long

flattened and contorted, the concave side smooth polished and

glabrous, the convex covered with erect sete; third small, trian-

gular, partially setose; fourth large stout oval and subglobose,

bristling throughout with short stiff capitulate sete, and without

distinct terminal process. .

_ The head has a broad frontal tubercle partly divided by a short

canal, the antenne long, inserted as in Tychus and Pselaphus;

eyes large and prominent. Prothorax with two lateral subbasal

foveee connected by a rough and uneven transverse fold of the sur-

face, and with five basal impressions separated by short ridges.

HKlytra large, each bifoveate at base and with a partial discal and

entire sutural stria, the hairs longer stiffer and porrect near the

hind margin as in Pselapbus. Abdomen margined, the first dorsal

strongly and the second feebly bicarinate. Sexual characters as in

Arthmius, the male having a small flat horizontal pygidium behind

the sixth ventral segment. Legs and tarsi slender, the second joint

of the hind tarsi much shorter than the third.

The single species may be described as follows from the male :—

V. frontalis n. sp.—Pale brownish-flavate throughout, polished, sub-

impunctate, the elytra slightly punctulate; pubescence rather short and sparse

but very coarse. Head much shorter and narrower than the prothorax, scarcely

as long as the width across the eyes, the neck strongly constricted; frontal

494 . Coleopterological Notices, V.

tubercles convex, broad; surface behind them abruptly deeply and trans-

versely excavated from side to side, the excavation trisected ky two feeble

carine at the bottom, its posterior margin acute and feebly bilobed; in the

middle on the upper surface imme.liately behind each lobe there is a large

fovea, the two approximate and each bearing a tuft of long erect sete ; occiput

and vertex without other impressions, even, very strongly convex, arched and

elevated above the eyes, the latter prominent and convex, near the base;

tempora with a dense tuft of coarse sete; under surface strongly but broadly

convex behind the oral opening ; antenne not quite one-half as long as the

body, the first joint a little longer and thicker, two to eight subquadrate, nine

and ten but little larger, nearly as long as wide, eleventh large, thick, oval,

obtusely pointed. Prothorax nearly as long as wide, hexagonal, widest a little

before the middle ; apex three-fourths as wide as the base. lytra nearly as

long as wide, three-fourths longer than the prothorax and nearly twice as

wide ; sides feebly arcuate behind; humeri strong, broadly exposed at base;

discal stria extending to the middle. Abdomen a little narrower than the

elytra but nearly as long; border as in Cylindrarctus ; carine of the first and

second dorsals subparallel, separated by a little less than one-third the discal

width, the first two-thirds, the second one-fourth as long as the respective

segment. Metasternum large but not tumid, perfectly even throughout.

Length 1.8 mm.; width 0.7 mm.

California (Siskiyou Co.).

The male sexual modifications of the under surface are very

feeble, consisting only of a small and very feeble impression of the

sixth ventral, with a narrow feeble sinuation of its apex, the sinua-

tion receiving the very minute transversely oval pygidium on the

same plane. In the female the subfrontal excavation is doubtless

wanting, but it would be interesting to note the position of the

vertexal fovez, as these seem to be peculiarly modified and con-

nected in some way with the excavation in the male, if, indeed,

the two fovee mentioned above are really the two ordinary ceph-

alic foveze of the family. ,

PSELAPHINT.

PSELAPHUS Herbst.

In this singular genus there are two characters which, though

probably not peculiar to it, are nevertheless strikingly developed.

The first relates to the position of the two large spongiose fovez of

the head, which, in most genera possessing them, are situated on a

comparatively flat surface and are distinct from a vertical point of

view. In the present genus the upper surface becomes abruptly

declivous far behind the middle, the declivous wall being almost

Coleopterological Notices, V. 495

semi-circular in plan and forming the posterior limit of the long

rostriform and ante-ocular part of the head, and also of its longi-

tudinal groove; the fovez are situated on the oblique side-walls of

the declivity, and their large cavities extending under the surface

horizontally, thin out the chitinous envelope above them, giving

rise to the two large pale spots between the eyes. The second

refers to the peculiar masses of vestiture of the under surface, espe-

cially of the head and sterna; these masses are difficult to analyze

structurally, but appear to be formed of agglutinated scales of a

remarkably broad and thick form and gelatino-membranous tex-

ture; this kind of vestiture has been alluded to as ‘“‘sugary” by

Dr. Sharp, an appropriate term as far as appearance is concerned.

It is unnecessary at present to allude to the almost unique form of

the body which isolates Pselaphus from all of our other genera.

The North American representatives do not appear to be nume-

rous and the four in my cabinet may be readily separated as fol-

lows :—

Upper surface of the head bordering the frontal groove roughly punctate ;

club of the fourth palpal joint small, constituting one-third of the total

ies ME GIMME PEP Feats ter a. Lc wcsioxctonis now devisceese sceiges sesisen senate ser deracs oases OCP LCMSOME

Upper surface smooth, polished and impunctate throughout; club much

longer.

Palpal club gradually formed, smooth, bearing fine erect sete only.

The club slender, occupying one-half of the total length... longiclavus

The club very long, constituting fully two-thirds of the total length, the

peduncle more abruptly bent ..........0. cee cee cee cee cco sceeceeccceese f USCIFEr

Palpal club with semi-erect curved asperities in addition to the erect sete,

somewhat abruptly formed and constituting about one-half the entire

SRM E AR MARS MHREIRY cei ahnracelsauiceraeeicen desass Eavaatets Woes che dudarsitetscces os DEDIAX

P. fustifer n. sp.—Moderately slender and convex, polished, subimpunc-

tate and dark rufo-testaceous throughout, subglabrous. Head about as long

and wide as the prothorax, the surface feebly reticulate anteriorly, feebly,

sparsely punctate and setose behind, the frontal groove broad and deep, ex-

tending to the fovee ; occipital groove extending thence midway to the base;

antenne fully two-thirds as long as the body, the basal joint scabrous, cylin-

drical, as long as the next three, the latter decreasing feebly in size, seventh

longer than the sixth or eighth, ninth thicker, longer than wide, narrower

and rather longer than the tenth, eleventh large, obliquely oval, pointed, as

long as the preceding three joints. Prothoraz a little longer than wide, oval,

truncate at base and apex, the latter nearly equal; sides strongly but broadly

arcuate; surface impunctate and strongly convex. lytra about as long as

wide, nearly two-thirds longer and two and one-half times as wide as the pro-

thorax, the sides broadly, feebly arcuate ; humeri obsolete ; base one-third as

496 Coleopterological Notices, V.

wide as the apex; each with four even series of short stiff sete. Abdomen

as wide as the elytra and about three-fourths as long, the border of the first

segment one-fourth of the discal width, the latter one-third greater than its

median length. Legs moderate, the femora thick and subclavate, the tibie

strongly thickened toward apex; second posterior tarsal joint compressed,

much thicker than the third and equal to it in length. Length 1.6 mm.;

width 0.7 mm.

New York.

The single specimen is of undetermined sex. The fourth palpal

joint is ratber thick, about as long as the prothorax and has the

clavate part thickly covered with long erect pale ashy hairs.

P. bellax n. sp.—Rather slender and depressed, polished, subimpunc-

tate, nearly glabrous and dark rufo-testaceous throughout. Head rather

longer than the prothorax and fully as wide, the upper surface sparsely

setose, polished, not at all reticulate anteriorly, sparsely punctulate behind,

especially at the posterior margins of the pale spots, these punctures bearing

longer stiff sete recumbent over and beyond the spots; frontal channel and

occipital groove well developed ; antenne nearly two-thirds as long as the body,

somewhat scabro-reticulate throughout, the cylindrical basal joint nearly as

long as the next three, second almost as thick as the first, ninth longer and

narrower than the tenth, eleventh stout, obliquely oval, as long as the pre-

ceding two joints combined, less scabrous but with sparse asperate punctures.

Prothorax subcylindrical, widest at the middle; sides broadly arcuate; base

and apex truncate and equal; surface very convex, impunctate. Elytra as

long as wide, three-fourths longer than the prothorax and two and one-half

times as wide; humeri very oblique and obtuse; base one-third as wide as

the apex ; each with four even series of erect distant sete. Abdomen as wide

as the elytra and three fourths as long, of the usual structure; border wide.

Legs moderate, more slender throughout than in /fustifer, the second posterior

tarsal joint but slightly thicker and decidedly longer than the third. Length

1.4 mm.; width 0.55 mm.

Massachusetts; Michigan.

This species is very closely allied to the European hevsez, but

differs in its rather smaller size, and especially, narrower form, in

the somewhat stouter and more abruptly formed palpal club, and

in the longer antennal club, the three last joints of the antenne

being together much shorter than the seven preceding in hezsez?,

while in bellax the club is fully as long as the funicle. I obtained

two specimens at Taunton in damp moss; the three specimens be-

fore me are equal in size and almost similar in structure, the sexual

characters being apparently very feeble.

Col eopterological Notices, V. 497

CTENISTINI.

BIOTUS Casey.

Could Dr. Brendel have had before him a representative of the

European Chennium, I am sure that he would not have united that

remarkable genus with Atinus and Biotus in his recent monographic

study of the Pselaphide; the differences are manifold and very im-

portant; they may be expressed as follows :—

Middle coxe distinctly separated by the wide sternal processes ; sides of the

clypeus conically and acutely prominent; mentum transverse, longitudi-

nally convex and coarsely setulose ; maxillary palpi with the last two joints

large, distinct and covered with short recumbent squamiform sete.

Chennium

Middle coxe contiguous, their cavities broadly confluent; sides of the clypeus

normal ; mentum much more deeply seated, flat and subglabrous ; max-

illary palpi much smaller, with the last two joints apparently combined

in one.

Labial palpi invisible; muzzle below the antenne greatly extended beyond

the eyes; antenne cylindrical, nearly as in Chennium but with the

second joint small; posterior tibie ae throughout, rather nar-

rower toward ApeX.........e mile steeisleltieissisidein selble rls’ gelerslaria ore . Biotus

Labial palpi robust at ee ree not ee aaa Ns slender,

normal, moniliform, gradually and strongly thickened toward apex ;

POsuerior tibice Clavate at APOX ... sce ccscceecoenccssceccesccesecises seo ceeM CAMUES

In Biotus it is almost impossible to make out the true structure

of the maxillary palpi without dissection. The entire organ is less

than one-third as large as in Chennium, and all that can be clearly

seen is a single oval truncate joint, which is robust, longer than

wide, apparently flattened beneath and covered sparsely with

minute recumbent hairs; there is quite certainly a small basal

joint, and, apparently, a minute wart-like tubercle on the outer

side of the second joint.

In the two species of Atinus the palpus differs surprisingly in

size and form. In monilicornis it is very minute, scarcely larger

than in Biotus, the second joint stout, sublunate, with the oblique

pointed apex apparently setulose, while in brevicornis it is nearly

twice as large, not lunate but somewhat spindle-form, gradually

and finely produced beneath and bearing at apex a short appen-

dage. In both of these species the organ is sparsely clothed with

498 Coleopterological Notices, V.

long fine erect and remote sete, differing greatly in this respect, as

well as antennal structure, from Chennium and Biotus.

In all of these genera the first ventral segment is short, but visible

from side to side behind the coxe.

ATINUS Horn.

The two species of this genus may be readily distinguished by

the following characters :—

Eyes smaller, between one-third and one-fourth as wide as the interocular

surface; antenne longer, the basal joint as long as the next two, the ninth

and tenth joints much larger than the eighth, subglobose and as long as

WADE oe wscvenanciscaiedajene.abs wan declaee weeitne cine awesiassnseesieen cee oaieies/oce MM Qh RIN NOG: Cima ninss

Eyes very large and prominent, fully one-half as wide as the interocular sur-

face; antenne shorter, the club apparently five-jointed, the seventh and

eighth joints subequal in width and larger than the sixth, eighth to tenth

similar in form, gradually increasing in size, seventh to tenth transversely

oval, eleventh stout, conoidal, basal joint longer than the next two; size

SMMALLOT secs see cages veccdencsinse sae ses ¢fiaonwmmend secidecisosionsicecioopnad sae NDI WAGs Une ME

The striking palpal divergences exhibited by these species have

been referred to under the preceding genus. I recently took several

specimens of monilicornis under a flat stone in the mountains of

western North Carolina; they were in a colony of a small siender

piceous-brown ant, having the antennal scape one-half longer than

the head, with the funicle slender and non-capitate.

A. brevicornis n. sp.—Stout, scarcely shining, ferruginous, rather

densely clothed throughout with small narrow recumbent squamules. Head

rather wider than long, strongly constricted behind the frontal tubercle ;

eyes at the base, the tempora almost obsolete; antenne but little more than

one-half as long as the body, the basal joint cylindrical, twice as long as wide,

with rugose sculpture. Prothorax two-thirds wider than long, distinctly wider

than the head; sides feebly divergent from the base to the middle, then more

strongly convergent to the apex which is broadly truncate and three-fourths

as wide as the base; three pubescent fovew shallow, not extending beyond

basal third. lytra large, not quite as long as wide, fully twice as long and

wide as the prothorax ; humeri broadly rounded, obtuse, feebly elevated, the

humeral width nearly four-fifths of the subapical; sutural stria deep, discal

evanescent near apical fourth. Abdomen distinctly narrower than the elytra

but nearly as long; border strong; surface even; segments subequal in

length. Legs rather stout; posterior tibia strongly swollen toward apex.

Length 2.0 mm.; width 0.9 mm.

Coleopterological Notices, V. 499

Texas.

I have not seen the ant with which this species lives, and am

uncertain also of the sex of the unique individual. Sexual differ-

ences appear to be very feeble in this particular group of genera.

ANITRA 0». gen.

Body short, compact, moderately convex. Head triangular, the

antennal tubercle short, narrow, strangulated at the sides, not at

all divided by a median depression and continuous with the surface

behind it; vertex with two very feeble subobsolete fovez separated

by nearly one-third the total width, and also another larger behind

the tubercle. Eyes large, nearly at the base, half divided by the

posterior canthus; sides of the head behind them transversely ex-

cavated beneath; sides between the eyes and the frontal constric-

tion long convergent and perfectly straight. Maxillary palpi mode-

rate, slender, cylindrical, three-jointed, the first minute; second arcu-

ate, gradually increasing in thickness from base to apex; third

shorter, cylindrical, with an internal and external seta at apex.

Labial palpi slender, the terminal seta very long. Antenne long,

cylindrical, with an elongate terminal joint; club long, very feeble,

three-jointed. Prothorax sinuate at apex above, with a broad lon-

gitudinal discal depression from the apex to basal fourth, where

there is a pronounced obtusely elevated median tubercle before the

basal margin. Elytraample, with a fine sutural, and partial discal,

stria, each coarsely bifoveate at base. Abdomen with the first four

dorsals subequal, strongly margined; first ventral short but visible

from side to side ; stomata of last dorsal distinct at the lateral angles.

Prosternum deeply, broadly emarginate at apex, prominent later-

ally, very short before the coxe which are long and conical. Meso-

sternum short, smooth. Metasternum moderate. Intermediate

coxe very narrowly, the posterior rather widely, separated ; inter-

mediate trochanters long, the insertion terminal; anterior and pos-

terior shorter. Legs rather slender; second joint of the tarsi

shorter than the third; ungues well developed, stout, subequal.

This remarkable genus evidently belongs to the Ctenistini, but

exactly in which direction its affinities are most pronounced it is

difficult to state. In the recent table of the Ctenistini by Mr. Raff-

ray I should be disposed to place it in a distinct section between

Chennium and Ctenistes and the three principal headings would

then read :—

500 Coleopterological Notices, V.

A. 3—Maxillary palpi very small, of two or three joints.

Chennium, Atinus and Biotus

A. 2—Maxillary palpi moderate, elongate, cylindrical, of three joints.

Anitra

A. 1—Maxillary palpi well developed, of four joints............Ctenistes, etc.

Although not at all resembling Chennium, it is probably more

closely allied to that genus than to any other thus far described.

Mr. Raffray states on page 32 of the ‘ Etude,” that the Ctenis-

tini and Tyrini are distinguished by having the first ventral very

small and visible only between the coxe; this is certainly not the

case in Desimia, Ctenisis and Sognorus, typical ctenistide genera,

in which I distinctly trace the first segment from side to side be-

hind the coxe. There also seems to be some uncertainty in the

assignment of genera to the Ctenistini and Tyrini, Tmesiphorus,

for example, apparently being much more closely allied to Desimia

and Ctenistes than to Tyrus, not only in general structure but in

the form of the palpi and in the latero-inferior excavations of the head

near the base, with the resultant spiniform prominences near the eye.

A. glaberula n. sp.—Rather stout, polished and pale yellowish-brown

throughout; integuments subglabrous, the anterior parts with excessively

minute and remote suberect setz, long coarse and denser behind the eyes,

long sparse and bristling on the ocular canthus and on the large surface of the

clypeus below the antenne, longer and porrect at the apex of the elytra, on

the abdomen closer even coarse and recumbent as in Ctenistes ; the tubercle

at the base of the pronotum is also densely clothed with long coarse decum-

bent sete. Head as wide as long, the tubercle very narrow, scarcely more

than one-fourth as wide as the width across the eyes; antenne four-fifths as

long as the body, the third joint feebly obconical, twice as long as wide, three

to eight equal in width, the latter quadrate, ninth a little thicker, oval,

tenth similar, though a little larger, oval, longer than wide, eleventh thicker,

cylindrical, obtusely, obliquely pointed at tip, as long as the three preceding.

Prothorax scarcely as wide as the head, widest at basal third where the sides

are rounded, thence feebly convergent to the apex which is broad and sub-

equal to the base; disk convex, strongly declivous laterally, one-third wider

than long. #lytra not as long as wide, three-fourths longer than the protho-

rax and twice as wide; humeri elevated, rounded and obtuse, the humeral

width four-fifths of the subapical. Abdomen as wide as the elytra and slightly

shorter, convex, strongly declivous behind, the surface even throughout.

Length 1.25 mm.; width 0.6 mm.

Arizona. |

The single specimen is a male but with very feeble sexual char-

acters as far as can be observed. This species is probably myrme-

cophilous.

Coleopterological Notices, V. , 501

SOGNORUS Reitter.

Ctenistes Lec. nec Reich.

There is apparently but little doubt that the American species

separated under this name by Reitter should be considered generic-

ally distinct from Ctenistes, for, apart from the radically different

structure of the antenne, the second joint of the maxillary palpi is

very much more slender and elongate in the former than in the

latter. The faet that the difference of antennal structure evinces

itself principally in one sex does not by any means deprive it of

significance in the present family, where sexual characters fre-

quently become of generic import. Sognorus is truly very closely

allied to Ctenistes, but I think that the characters given must

compel us to treat it for the present as a valid genus.

The species of the United States may be known as follows :—

‘Smaller species, not exceeding 12 mm. in length. Atlantic and Gulf regions.

Appendiculate processes of the maxillary palpi short, not longer than the

width of the joints.

Blacker ; ae not as long as wide; antenne shorter; pubescence

SPAS Eabang cab ecocgeD Mee eajca serine aetlalne arden neciecsieee . piceus

More eee or Fetacinioda, ithe putescenc ance: Cee & and more

é : -.. CONSODrinus

Appendiculate processes very long, din twice as long as the width of the

joints; antenne very slender, more incrassate toward tip, the last joint

stouter and subequal to the four preceding together in the male.

Zimmermanni

Larger species, never less than 2 mm. in length. Arid regions of Arizona and

northern Mexico.

Antenne more slender, the fifth joint in the male shorter than the fourth,

though one-half longer than wide; last two joints of the maxillary

palpi gradually and greatly produced at the sides, with the apical

appendage short.

Eyes small, from above about one-fourth as wide as the interocular sur-

face and situated at one-half their ae from the base; body stout.

SOMPMETM: CalifOPM 1A... cs s.0aerseslees eRe . _pDuivereus

Hyes very large and OT eane ey ag as Gis as hs interocular sur-

face, the tempora very short; body narrower and less robust.

ocularis

Antenne long but much stouter, the fifth joint in the male much shorter

than the fourth and but slightly longer than wide; last two joints of the

maxillary palpi abruptly produced at the sides in a much shorter process

bearing a short apical appendage; eyes large, prominent, about one-third

as wide as the interocular surface ; elytra longer, with more oblique sides

SMONMATLOW ED I UMICTI ce cen seniors oes vas seccosaceeee coviser cor oneseoseses A DIU Pts

squamiform ; antenne longer.

502 Coleopterological Notices, V.

The eastern species form a difficult study, and several specimens

in my cabinet seem to indicate varieties or closely allied species,

which it is impossible to define at present.

S. ocularis n.sp.—Elongate, somewhat convex, polished, subimpunctate

and rather pale rufo-ferruginous throughout; pubescence coarse, sparse and

recumbent but not squamiform. Head as long as the width across the eyes,

the latter very large and extremely coarsely faceted ; fovez separated by one-

third the total width; frontal tubercle narrow, scarcely wider than the eye ;

-antenne long, slender, cylindrical, fully two-thirds as long as the body, the

eleventh joint scarcely perceptibly stouter, as long as the three preceding, the

latter mutually subequal and a little shorter than the seventh. Prothorax

just visibly wider than the head, two-fifths wider than long, the sides sub-

parallel in basal half, feebly convergent thence to the apex ; apex and base’

truncate, the former three-fourths as wide as the latter; three elongate fove

occupying basal half densely pubescent. Llytra scarcely as long as wide,

twice as long and twice as wide as the prothorax; humeri distinct, elevated,

rounded; humeral width three-fourths of the subapical; discal impression

broad, glabrous, very deep toward base, gradually evanescent toward apex.

Abdomen as long and about as wide as the elytra; border very strong; first

four dorsals equal in length. Length 2.2 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

Arizona.

Described from the male, which is the only sex known to me.

Easily distinguishable from pulvereus by the characters given in

the table.

S. abruptus n. sp.—Moderately stout, feebly convex, polished, sub-

impunctate and dark rufo-testaceous throughout; pubescence short, coarse

sparse and recumbent but scarcely squamiform. Head about as long as the

width across the eyes, the frontal tubercle one-third as wide as the latter ;

fovee rather small; nuchal constriction densely pubescent laterally as uswal ;

antenne long and thick, scarcely at all incrassate toward apex, nearly two-

thirds as long as the body, the last joint longer than the preceding three,

oblique at tip, eighth much shorter than the seventh or ninth, transverse.

Prothorax as wide as the head, one-fourth wider than long; sides subparallel

in more than basal half then feebly convergent to the truncate apex, which is

fully three-fourths as wide as the base; fovee elongate, densely pubescent,

small, extending not quite one-third the length from the base. Elytra large,

about as long as wide, twice as long as the prothorax and rather more than

twice as wide; sides very oblique from apex to base and scarcely arcuate;

humeri feebly exposed; humeral width barely two-thirds of the subapical ;

disk rather flattened ; discal line narrower, deep toward base. Abdomen not

quite as long or wide as the elytra, of the usual structure; border relatively

not quite as wide as in ocularis. Length 2.3 mm.; width 0.9 mm.

Arizona.

This interesting species, which is represented by the male only,

Coleopterological Notices, V. 503

differs from ocularis and pulvereus not only in the structure of the

palpi and antenne, but in the smaller fovez of the head and pro-

notum, and in the larger elytra, much more strongly narrowed from

apex to base.

CTENISIS Raffray.

This genus was proposed by Mr. Raffray. (Rev. d’Ent., 1890, p.

143) to receive certain American species previously described under

the names Ctenistes and Desimia. It is related to the latter of

these, but has the second dorsal segment not notably longer than —

the first. and also differs in the form of the palpi. The antenne are

similar to those of the European Desimia and Ctenistes, but tbe

palpi of Desimia have the last joint bifid and in fact perfectly

similar throughout to those of Tmesiphorus; there are also other

suggestive points of resemblance between Desimia and Tmesi-

phorus. In Ctenisis the last two joints of the palpi are in the

form of a regular isosceles triangle, each attached by the acute

angle near the internal angle of the preceding. ‘The single known

species entering the United States may be described as follows :—

C. raffrayi n. sp.—Rather slender, moderately convex, polished, sub-

impunctate and ferruginous throughout; pubescence short, subrecumbent,

sparse, coarse but not squamiform. Head across the eyes rather wider than

long, the eyes very large and prominent, one-half as wide as the interocular

surface; upper surface flattened, with three fovee forming an equilateral tri-

angle; frontal tubercle narrow, not wider than the eye from above; antennze

long and slender, two-thirds as long as the body, joints three to seven small,

moniliform, wider than long, eight to ten thicker, cylindrical, the eighth as

long as the preceding four together, a little longer than the ninth but shorter

than the tenth, the latter twice as long as wide, eleventh but little thicker,

eylindrical, one-half longer than the tenth, obtusely pointed. Prothorar as

wide as the head, two-fifths wider than long; sides parallel to the middle,

then feebly convergent to the truncate apex, which is three-fourths as wide as

the base ; disk with three very densely pubescent subfoveate areas along the

basal margin. lytra nearly as long as wide, twice as wide as the prothorax

and nearly twice as long; sides broadly rounded behind ; humeri very obtusely

rounded ; humeral width four-fifths of the subapical; discal glabrous line

evanescent toward apex. Abdomen a little narrower than the elytra but nearly

as long; border strong, inclined. Length 1.65 mm.; width 0.65 mm.

Arizona (Tugson). Mr. H. F. Wickham.

The description refers to the male, the anterior tibie being thick-

ened somewhat as in Tmesiphorus. In the unique type the last

ventral segment is very short, unimpressed but sinuate at apex; the

504 Coleopterological Notices, V.

last dorsal is also sinuate at apex and is acutely elevated near the

middle of the disk—-generally a female character in Batrisus and

Arthmius, although common to both male and female in Batrisus

denticauda. The stomata of the last dorsal form round perforate

and conspicuous fovee at the extreme lateral angles of the disk;

they are also visible at the sides of the disk on the penultimate seg-

ment. Laffrayi differs greatly from the Mexican dispar Shp. in

the relative proportions of the antennal joints, and especially in the

shorter eighth joint; it also differs in the narrower form of the body

and uniform dull brownish-ferruginous color. It is presumably

identical with the form referred to by Dr. Brendel (Tr. Am. Ent.

Soc., XX, p. 282), as having been recently taken by Mr. Bolter in

Arizona.

I take pleasure in dedicating this species to Mr. Achille Raffray,

whose excellent work is doing so much to advance our knowledge

of these fascinating little organisms. The plates recently published

by Mr. Raffray, which appear to be simple reproductions of pencil

drawings by photo-mechanical processes, were never surpassed by

lithographer or engraver, and are doubtless as true to nature as

they are beautiful in execution.

In the following synonymical list of the Pselaphide thus far

described from America north of Mexico, the arrangement of Mr.

Raffray is adhered to throughout, except where modified in the pre-

ceding notes :—

PSELAPHIN A. Morius Csy.

FAaRONINI. occidens Csy. Pe

Sonoma Csy.

isabella Lec. P. Rhexius Lec.

corticina Csy. Me ~~ insculptus Lec. A.

grandiceps Csy. Pe substriatus Lec. G.

longicollis Csy. P. schmitti Bndl. AS

subsimilis Csy. Pe

rubida Csy. iP Oropus Csy.

arviceps Makl. P.

Hie hee striatus Lec. ie

cavifrons Csy. P.

convexus Csy. IP

Rafonus Csy. interruptus Csy. 1

tolule Lec. he abbreviatus Csy. Jee

see montanus Csy. Pp.

Rhinoscepsis Lec. cavicauda Csy. Pi:

bistriata Lec. G.

Coleopterological Notices, V.

Rhexidius Csy.

Conoplectus Bndl.

Prorhexius Raffr.

granulosus Csy.

asperulus Csy.

canaliculatus Lec.

sylvaticus Raffr.

trogasteroides Bndl.

intermedius Bndl.

Ramecia Csy.

crinita Bndl.

capitulum Csy.

arcuata Lec.

discreta Csy.

decora Csy.

dentiventris Csy.

Oropodes Csy.

orbiceps Csy.

Acolonia Csy.

cavicollis Lec.

Euplectus Leach.

difficilis Lec.

congener Csy.

sexualis Csy.

spinifer Csy.

linearis Lec.

hudsonicus Csy.

interruptus Lec.

longissimus Bndl.

longicollis Csy.

confiuens Lec.

elongatus Bndl.

californicus Csy.

iowensis Csy.

pertenuis Csy.

planipennis Bndl.

rotundicollis Bndl.

PP bp ab bb

Bubb Pp

Thesiastes Csy.

fossulatus Bndl.

pumilus Lec.

debilis Lec.

tenuis Lec.

atratus Csy.

Bibloplectus Reit.

ruficeps Lec.

integer Lec.

leviceps Csy.

Trimioplectus Bndl.

obsoletus Bndl.

Bibloporus Thoms.

Faliscus Csy.

bicanalis Csy.

Eutyphlus Lec.

Nicotheus Csy.

similis Lec. ?

tibialis Csy. %

prominens Csy.

Thesium Csy.

cavifrons Lee.

laticolle Csy.

Actium Csy.

Proplectus Raftr.

californicum Lec.

pallidum Csy.

decipiens Raffr.

politum Csy.

robustulum Csy.

testaceum Csy.

candidum Csy.

marinicum Csy.

foveicolle Lec.

costale Bndl.

pacificum Csy.

brevipenne Csy.

clavicorne Mikl,

durum Bnadl.

Annas N. Y. Acap. Scr., VII, Nov. 1893.—33

505

Spe

506

Coleopterological Notices, V.

parabolicum Bndl.

globifer Lec.

impunctatum Bndl.

Trimiopsis Reit.

gracilis Bndl.

americana Lec.

thoracica Bndl.

laticollis Bndl.

puncticollis Lee.

dubia Lec.

convexula Lee.

discolor Lee.

simplex Lee.

parvula Lee.

maja Bndl.

BatTRIsINI.

Batrisus Aubé.

ionz Lec.

armiger Lec.

monstrosus Lee.

v. ferox Lec.

v. cristatus Lee.

cavicrus Csy.

confinis Lec.

caroline Csy.

juvencus Bndl.

monticola Csy.

occiduus Csy.

albionicus Aubé.

aculeatus Lee. 1. 1.

zephyrinus Csy.

mendocino Csy.

v. speculum Csy.

cicatricosus Bndl.

pygidialis Csy.

denticauda Csy.

schaumi Aubé.

punctatus Lec.

riparius Say.

scabriceps Lec.

lineaticollis Aubé.

bistriatus Lec.

frontalis Lec.

ee eee

fa nee

urea ae

globosus Lec.

spretus Lec.

foveicornis Csy.

punctifrons Csy.

virginie Csy.

furcatus Bndl.

sinuatifrons Bndl.

clypeonotus Bndl.

luculentus Csy.

denticollis Csy.

triangulifer Bndl.

spinifer || Bndl.

nigricans Lec.

striatus Lec.

cephalotes Csy.

aterrimus Csy.

simplex Lec.

Arthmius Lec.

globicollis Lec.

bulbifer Csy.

involutus Csy.

gracilior Csy. °

Arianops Bndl.

Anops || Bndl.

amblyoponica Bndl.

BRYAXINI.

Decarthron Bndl.

abnorme Lec.

exsectum Bndl.

stigmosum Bndl.

brendeli Csy.

marinum Bndl.

strenuum Bndl.

longulum Bndl.

scarificatum Bndl.

seriepunctatum Bndl.

discolor Bndl.

formiceti Lec.

velutinum Lec.

Rybaxis Saulcy.

valida Bndl.

sanguinea t Lec.

Pn> Ebb Aah b>

Hp Ebb OO>b >> SD

— SS Se

a a ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eee

Coleopterological Notices, V.

conjuncta Lec.

varicornis Bndl. i. 1.

truncaticornis Bndl.

brendeli Horn.

clavata || Bndl.

mystica Csy.

Bryazis Leach.

s. g. Nisa Csy.

luniger Lec.

cavicornis Bndl.

perpunctata Bndl.

elegans Bndl.

s. g. Bryaxis Lech.

abdominalis Aubé.

floridana Bndl.

intermedia Bndl.

labyrinthea Csy.

ulkei Bndl.

illinoiensis Bndl.

dentata Say.

intricata Csy.

terebrata Csy.

perforata || Bndl.

foveata Lec.

belfragei Lec.

infinita Csy.

loripes Csy.

texana Csy.

arizone Csy.

Reichenbachia Lch.

gemmifer Lec.

divergens Lec.

canadensis Bndl.

cylindrartus Bndl.

radians Lec.

facilis Csy.

atlantica Bndl.

congener Bndl.

scabra Bndl.

eribricollis Bndl.

rubicunda Aubé.

gracilis Csy.

gracilicornis Csy.

furtiva Csy.

GA) ee

al il

np ee

cag

PORD EDD OD BE

inepta Csy.

trigona Lec.

bicolor Bndl.

puncticollis Lec.

inopia Csy. A.

litoralis Bndl.

polita Bndl.

demissa Csy.

sagax Lec.

albionica Mots.

propinqua Lec. A.

informis Csy.

tumidicornis Csy.

tumorosa Csy.

compar Lec.

JSranciscana Csy.

depressifrons Bndl.

deformata Lec.

fundata Csy.

nevadensis Csy.

tumida Lec.

complectens Lec.

wickhami Bndl.

subtilis Lec.

minuta Bndl.

Nisaxis Csy.

tomentosa Aubé. A.

v. cincinnata Csy.

maritima Csy.

Scalenarthrus Lec.

horni Lec.

Eutrichites Lec.

zonatus Bndl. A.

zimmermanni Lec.

dixianus Zim. i. 1.

Pselaptus Lec.

belfragei Lec.

Anchylarthron Bndl.

Verticinotus Bndl.

cornutum Bndl.

inornatum Bndl. ?.

Se oP

mmm

508

Coleopterological Notices, V.

Eupsenius Lec.

glaber Lec.

rufus Lec.

ByTHININI.

Bythinus Leach.

Macherodes Bndl.

tychoides Bndl.

A. G.

bythinioides Bndl. Olim.

carinatus Bndl.

Pselaptrichus Bndl.

tuberculipalpus Bndl. P.

Cylindrarctus Schf.

longipalpis Lec.

americanus Schauf.

ludovicianus Bndl.

comes Csy.

crinifer Csy.

Tychus Leach.

minor Lec.

testaceus Csy.

spiculifer Csy.

verticalis Csy.

microphthalmus Bndl.

puberulus Lec.

cognatus Lec.

bipuncticeps Csy.

sonome Csy.

tenellus Lec.

Valda Csy.

frontalis Csy.

PSELAPHINI.

Pselaphus Hbst.

erichsoni Lec.

longiclavus Lec.

fustifer Csy.

bellax Csy.

plas ae

CTENISTINI.

Biotus Csy.

formicarius Csy.

Atinus Horn.

monilicornis Bndl.

brevicornis Csy.

Anitra Csy.

glaberula Csy.

Sognorus Reit.

Ctenistes { Lec.

piceus Lec.

consobrinus Lec.

zimmermanni Lec.

pulvereus Lec.

ocularis Csy.

abruptus Csy.

Ctenisis Raffr.

raffrayi Csy.

Ceophyllus Lec.

monilis Lec.

TYRINI.

Tmesiphorus Lec.

costalis Lec.

carinatus Say.

Cedius Lec.

ziegleri Lec.

spinosus Lec.

Tyrus Aubé.

Pytna Csy.

humeralis Aubé.

compar Lec.

corticinus Csy.

elongatus Bndl.

Cercocerus Lec.

batrisoides Lec.

Amn QP >

.M.

= =

Coleopterological Notices, V. 509

CLAVIGERIN A. Adranes Lec.

Fustiger Lec. coecus Lec. A.

fuchsi Bndl. A. lecontei Bndl. M.

californicus Bndl. Ss.

In this list the succession of names in the various genera is, as

nearly as possible, that recently given by Dr. Brendel. The letters

placed after the various species are intended to give a general idea

of their geographic distribution; they represent (A) the Atlantic

regions of the continent, (G) the Gulf States from Florida to Texas,

(M) the Missouri region including the Great Lakes, (S) the Sonoran

region from western Texas and Utah to southern California, and

(P) the true Pacific Coast fauna. Because of insufficient data, no

form of nomenclature more discriminating than this can be em-

ploved at present.

In comparing this list with the most recent catalogue of the

European species, there are only three points to which special

attention need be invited :—

1—The species are but slightly more than one-half as numerous

as those at present recognized as valid in the European fauna.

2—The genera, however, exceed in number those of Europe by

about one-third, with twelve, viz.: Euplectus, Bibloplectus, Bib-

loporus, Batrisus, Bryaxis, Reichenbachia, Rybaxis, Bythinus,

Tychus, Pselaphus, Sognorus and Tyrus common to the two con-

tinents.

3—There are no species at present recognized as being common

to Europe and America.

The original estimate of LeConte, that the pselaphide fauna of

North America surpasses in richness that of Kurope, is true I think

as far as the genera are concerned, but not in regard to the species.

The conditions of land, water and mountain distribution, with re-

sultant climate, are so much more varied in the vast expanses from

Cape North to Gibraltar and the Caucasus, that it is not probable—

in spite of the subequality of land area—that the species of America

will be found to approach in number those of Kurope, even when

the two regions are similarly explored, especially, also, as there

seems to be no difference in the relative abundance of individuals

in the palearctic region. That the number of genera in the United

States should be greater, is to be accounted for, partially at least,

by the fact that many neotropical genera such as Thesium, Arth-

mius, Pselaptus and Ctenisis so readily find their way across our

Mexican frontier.

510 Coleopterological Notices, V.

SCAPHIDIID A.

The Scaphidiide are a small family of beetles, which to the gene-

ral student of the Coleoptera are less interesting than usual, be-

cause of their unusually small size and the monotony in outward

appearance characterizing the more minute forms, and, to the sys-

tematist, because of the fact that some of the more important scle-

rites of the under surface frequently become amalgamated, in such

a way that it is often difficult and sometimes impossible to trace

them. On the other hand there is sometimes a remarkable and

inexplicable doubling of the sutures. This obliteration of the

sutures, has led the author of a recent extended contribution to

the literature of the family into the singular error of supposing

that the mesosternal episterna in Scaphisoma and other allied

genera, are very small and hidden under the elytra, or ante-

humeral, while, as can readily be seen by inspecting such genera

as Scaphium or Toxidium, where the sutures are distinct, the

truth is directly the reverse, the mes-episterna being unusually de-

veloped and extending almost to the coxe.

There are no new genera among the American species, and to

give the family characters would be almost a repetition of the lan-

guage used by Lacordaire in the ‘“‘Genera.” There is but one

point to which reference should be made in way of criticising the

excellent introductory remarks referred to, it being stated (LI, p.

237) that the metasternal parapleure ‘‘sont composées d’une seule

piece.” The met-epimeron is nearly always distinct and well de-

veloped, although the suture separating it from the episternum

very rarely disappears as in Cyparium.

In regard to the external affinities of the Scaphidiide but little

can be said. A few characters seem to remind us of that olla-

podrida of discordances known as the Silphide, and one or two

features vaguely suggest certain parallelism with the Phalacride ;

but the family is really very isolated in the structure of the ex-

ternal skeleton, the connective bonds with other groups of Clavi-

cornia having apparently disappeared.

The family comprises two distinct tribes as follows :—

Antenne with a broad abrupt and somewhat flattened five-jointed club; scu-

tellum well-developed ; mes-epimera sublongitudinal, separating the epis-

terna from the elytra throughout their extent; met-episternal suture double ;

tarsi shorter and thicker; elytral punctures Seriate.........s+.s0s+.SCAPHIDIINI

Coleopterological Notices, V. HI

Antenne slender and subfiliform, the outer five or six joints elongate, flat-

tened, loosely connected and more or less asymmetrically dilated ; scutellum

minute or wanting; mes-epimera transverse, variable in size, sometimes

obliterated ; met-episternal suture single; tarsi longer and more slender ;

elytual punctures NOt Seriate ....0. ccc ccc cee sss sce eee savas eae eee cee eee eee 9CAPHISOMINI

The genera may be thus epitomized :—

Tribe ScAPHIDIINI.

Suture between the metasternum and mes-episterna single; basal angles of

the prothorax not posteriorly prolonged ; eyes entire.

Basal joint of the hind tarsi short; posterior tibie not spinose externally ;

eighth antennal joint smaller than the seventh; prosternum well devel-

oped before the coxe, not carinate .........cececceeeeeseeseeeeee SCADHIUM

Basal joint elongate; posterior tibie sparsely and finely spinose externally ;

eighth antennal joint not smaller than the seventh; prosternum very

short before the coxe, the head more inflexed..................Cyparium

Suture strongly double; posterior angles acute and somewhat produced ; eyes

emarginate; prosternum carinate and deeply biexcavate before the coxe.

Scaphidium

Tribe ScAPHISOMINI.

Third antennal joint elongate and cylindrical.

Body oval; sutural stria of the elytra attaining the base; mes-epimera well

developed; scutellum generally wanting, when present very transverse,

RIPEN cE tente anys cy cclaiees.cisaisiedisecsioe singecs sensu vine. duieseprsite/eentsacesicccsesces MOC OCD

Body compressed ; sutural stria not attaining the base; mes-epimera not

visible; scutellum Wanting. .......00ccecsececcccsceccececccscce eevee MOKIG LUM

Third antennal joint very short, claviform or triangular, always strongly

narrowed to the base; scutellum minute but never obsolete, equilaterally

triangular; sutural stria attaining the base; mes-epimera variable in size.

Scaphisoma

All of these genera, except Cyparium and Toxidium, occur also

in Europe, and the Kuropean Scaphoschema appears to be unrepre-

sented in America.

SCAPHIUM Kirby.

The appreciable interval between the eyes and point of antennal

insertion and the very short basal joint of the posterior tarsi, are

characters which force us to place this genus at one of the extremes

of the family. Its elongate form, small eyes and more regularly

striate elytra, are also exceptional features,

We have a single subarctic species :—

512 Coleopterological Notices, V.

S. castanipes Kirby—Faun. Bor. Am., IV, p. 109.

Elongate, oblong, convex, polished, black and glabrous, the an-

tenne rufous; legs piceo-rufous, the head minutely sparsely and

obsoletely, the pronotum more closely and strongly punctate, the

punctures coarse dense and confused in a transverse area near the

base and also broadly along the median line near the base; elytra

with feebly impressed, coarsely and closely punctured striz, con-

fused near the apex and obliterated on the flanks, the intervals

feebly sparsely and more finely punctate; sutural stria subimpunc-

tate, becoming at base a series of coarse punctures, curved outward

along the base to the fourth stria. Head not quite vertical, flat

above; eyes convex, separated by four or five times their own

avidth; antenne about as long as the prothorax, the third joint a

little shorter than the fourth, not quite three times as long as wide.

Prothorax one-third wider than long, widest just before the middle ;

sides subparallel and strongly sinuate thence to the base, broadly

rounded and convergent to the apex; base broadly evenly and

feebly bisinuate. Scutellum large, semicircular. Elytra one-fourth

longer than wide, oblong, nearly twice as long as the prothorax

and one-third wider; sides subparallel, feebly arcuate. Length

4.8 mm.; width 2.3 mm.

Lake Superior. Taken in some abundance by Mr. Schwarz, to

whom I am indebted for the two specimens in my cabinet. This

species was unknown to Dr. LeConte when he drew up his synopsis

of the family.

CYPARIUM Erichs.

This genus is very isolated, but seems to be somewhat more

closely related to Scaphium than to Scaphidium, although resem-

bling the latter in general form and habitus. We have only one

species :—

C. flavipes Lec.—Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1860, p. 322.

Broadly oblong-oval, highly polished, glabrous, black, the elytra,

legs and antenne paler, rufo-castaneous ; integuments not distinctly

punctulate, the elytra with partial series of rather coarse punctures,

confused at apex, the series becoming longer toward the suture, the

sutural stria alone impressed, punctate, flexed outward at base, be-

coming a fine impunctate basal stria extending beyond the middle.

Head slightly inflexed; eyes very large, separated by less than

——

Coleopterological Notices, V. 513

their own width; antenne as long as the prothorax, situated at

the margin of the eyes, the third joint fully three times as long as

wide, a little longer than the second and much longer than the

fourth, sixth slightly longer than wide, tenth twice as wide as

long, the club compressed as usual. Protborax four-fifths wider

than long; apex beaded throughout the width, less than one-half

as wide as the base, the latter transverse, the scutellar lobe one-

fourth of the entire width, feeble and broadly subtruncate; basal

angles right, not rounded; sides broadly, evenly rounded from

base to apex. Scutellum parabolic, nearly as long as wide. Elytra

as long as wide, not quite twice as long as the prothorax, a little

wider at basal fourth than at base; sides subparallel, feebly arcu-

ate; apex equal to the base. Post-coxal plates not developed.

Legs stout; posterior tibiz arcuate, the tarsi two-thirds as long as

the tibiz, with the first joint as long as the next two and equal to

the fifth. Length 3.5 mm.; width 2.1 mm.

North Carolina. The epipleure of the elytra are well defined

throughout by the acute lateral edge, and are distinctly inflexed

from base to apex.

SCAPHIDIUM Oliv.

The emarginate eyes and produced acute basal angles of the pro-

thorax readily distinguish this genus from either of the preceding.

The double transverse sutures between the middle coxe, and be-

tween the mesosternal episternum and metasternum, are remark-

ably developed, and the apex of the metasternum appears to be

somewhat bilobed. The male is distinguished from the female by

a large depressed punctate and pubescent area occupying the me-

dian parts of the metasternum. We appear to have but two spe-

cies, which may be separated by the following characters :—

Elytra each with two transverse red spots which extend inward two-thirds

the entire width, the spots obsolete in var. piceum....quadriguttatum

Elytra each with two small marginal spots of pale flavate, not extending

inward more than one-third of the width; body more elongate; size some-

what larger; elytra without coarse discal punctures.......obliteratum

These species are evidently allied but appear to be sufficiently

distinct. JI am unable at present to compare them with the Euro-

pean quadrimaculatum Oliv., but they are probably closely related.

514 Coleopterological Notices, V.

S. quadriguttatum Say.—Journ. Ac. Phila., III, p.198; quadripustu-

latum || Say: 1. ¢., p. 198; quadrinotatum Casteln?: Hist. Nat., II, p.19; Dej.

Cat., 3d, p. 133; var. piceum Melsh.: Proc. Ac. Phila., II, p. 103.

Oval, convex, highly polished, glabrous, black, the elytral maculze

red; antenne, except the last five joints, testaceous; tarsi rufescent ;

head subimpunctate ; pronotum sparsely and more or less deeply

punctate, with a transverse, broadly bisinuate series of coarse punc-

tures near the base ; elytra with two to four short, more or less de-

veloped series of coarse punctures before the middle and nearer the

suture than the sides, the sutural stria feebly impressed, more finely

and closely punctate, except the part along the basal margin, which

is coarsely punctate, extending to lateral third. Hyes large, sepa-

rated by less than their own width; antenne rather longer than

the prothorax, the third joint slender, four times as long as wide,

much longer than the second and a little longer than the fourth,

sixth nearly twice as long as wide, tenth only slightly wider than

long. Prothorax one-third wider than long, the convergent sides

nearly straight from base to apex, the latter strongly beaded and

one-half as wide as the base; scutellar lobe one-third the entire

width, broadly, evenly rounded. Scutellum rather small, parabolic,

nearly as long as wide. Elytra not quite as long as wide, one-half

longer than the prothorax; sides arcuate; apex a little narrower

than the base. Posterior tarsi scarcely three-fifths as long as the

feebly arcuate tibie, the first joint a little longer than the next

two, barely as long as the fifth. Length 3.8-4.7 mm.; width 2.2—

2.65 mm. :

New Jersey to Kansas. I do not know at present whether the

variety piceum occurs with the spotted specimens or not; at any

rate, it is impossible to discover any constant structural difference.

S. obliteratum Lec.—Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1860, p. 322.

The characters stated in the table are almost the only ones

which can be given to distinguish this species from the preceding,

The prothorax is a little shorter and more transverse, with more

arcuate sides, and the elytra are as long as wide and three-fourths

longer than the prothorax. Length 4.7 mm.; width 2.6 mm. |

Rhode Island to Indiana, Appears to be rare; I have only seen

the female.

Coleopterological Notices, V. 515

BAOCERA Ericlis.

In this genus the species are generally very small, but appear to

be more constant and more isolated among themselves than in

Scaphisoma. The most important structural features distinguish-

ing these genera reside in the antenne and scutellum, and there are

but few if any others which are absolutely characteristic of either.

The antenne have the outer three joints enlarged, forming a slender

loose club, generally almost bilaterally symmetric, but occasionally

more developed on the inner side, thus reverting to Scaphisoma ;

this reversion is further recalled by the frequent, though moderate,

enlargement of the seventh and eighth joints. The third joint is

always slender and cylindrical, and is generally a little shorter than

the fourth; in this form of the third joint really lies the most im-

portant antennal difference between the two genera.

The scutellum is usually completely wanting, and, when present,

affects a form quite foreign to Scaphisoma, being broadly trian-

gular. The post-coxal plate of the first ventral segment is never

at all developed in Beocera, and the series of coarse punctures

along the posterior margin of the intermediate and posterior ace-

tabula are much better marked than in Scaphisoma. The sexual

characters seem to be very obscure except in the larger species

allied to concolor.

The species known to me may be readily identified as follows :—

Scutellum wanting, the mesonotum completely covered by the prothorax.

Larger species, not less than 2 mm. in length.

Sides of the prothorax feebly and evenly arcuate when viewed laterally ;

basal stria of the elytra entire.

Third antennal joint very long, slender, subequal to the fourth.

concolor

Third joint much shorter and thicker; size smaller, less broadly oval.

congener

Sides of the prothorax strongly bent downward posteriorly ; basal stria of

the elytra broadly interrupted; third antennal joint long and slender.

deflexa

Smaller species, never much exceeding 14 mm. in length.

Narrowly oval, the third antennal joint not longer than the fourth ;

| epistomal suture distinct.

Larger species ; mes-epimera extending two-thirds to the coxe.

speculifer

Minute in size, the mes-epimera longer and narrower......... apicalis

Broadly oval, minute; third antennal joint a little longer than the fourth ;

epistomal suture Obsolete ..........seccescececescscsssserreereeee FODUStUIA

516 Coleopterological Notices, V.

Scutellum minute but distinctly advanced between the elytra.

Larger ; basal stria of the elytra entire ; third antennal joint as long as the

POMBE, caged op ad Satan pishectie a ancdene aeapmeee wen pec sear .. texana

Minute species ; basal stria interrupted ; thied, ated ‘ota oan shorter

than the fourth.

Basal angles of the prothorax acute; met-episternum narrow ; color pice-

ous-brown ......... shill daadesesicas Sateeeseat orien .picea

Basal angles puetuee ria inate a apex ; nn episternam b jaa the

suture arcuate; body intense black... ...... 000 coccosess son cesieas Mana

B. concolor Fab.—Syst. El., II, p. 576 (Scaphidium).

Oblong-oval, broad, strongly convex, highly polished, subgla-

brous, very sparsely and obsoletely punctulate throughout, black ;

legs, antenne and abdominal vertex more or less paler, rufo-piceous.

Head vertical; eyes large; antenne widely separated, very slender,

not as long as the head and prothorax, the third joint fully five

times as long as wide, very slightly shorter than the fourth, both

shorter than the fifth, which is fully seven times as long as wide,

seventh shorter than the sixth, eighth still shorter, seventh and

eighth but slightly thicker, ninth longer than the tenth but shorter

than the eleventh. Prothorax short, three-fourths wider than long,

the apex one-third as wide as the base; side margin, viewed later-

ally, evenly, moderately arcuate. Scutellum wanting. Hlytra barely

as long as wide, scarcely twice as long as the prothorax, somewhat

wider between basal third and fourth than at base, unusually broadly

truncate at apex. Mes-epimera extending fully two-thirds to the

coxe; met-episterna between three and four times as long as wide,

parallel, the suture coarse and deep. Posterior tarsi scarcely more

than two-thirds as long as the tibie, the first joint fully as long as

the next three. Length 2.7 mm.; width 1.6—1.7 mm.

Pennsylvania to Illinois. This is the largest known species

within our boundaries, and may be known by its broadly sub-

oblong-oval form. The description is taken from the female, the

fifth ventral plate being broadly, feebly lobed in the middle, the

sixth strongly produced in a more narrowly rounded lobe, the

sides of the lobe feebly, evenly sinuato-oblique. In the male the

fifth is broadly, feebly bisinuate toward the middle, the sixth ab-

ruptly produced in the middle in a short, gradually narrowed,

narrowly rounded ligula, as long as wide, flanked on either side

by a small but deep rounded emargination. There appears to be

scarcely any sexual divergence in antennal structure. Three speci-

mens, remarkably uniform in size.

Coleopterological Notices, V. 517

B. congener n. sp.—Rather stout, oval, black, subglabrous, impunctate ;

legs and antenne pale rufous. Head vertical, moderate in size; epistomal

suture very feeble; antenne rather distant, not as slender as in concolor or

deflexa, distinctly shorter than the head and prothorax, the third joint not

quite three times as long as wide, oblique at apex, much shorter than the

second, barely three-fourths as long as the fourth, the latter equal to the

sixth, fifth a little longer, seventh and eighth distinctly thicker and more

developed on the inner side, club long, subparallel, the ninth joint but little

longer than the tenth. Prothorar almost semi-circular in outline from above,

fully three-fourths wider than long; basal lobe strongly rounded ; side mar-

gins, viewed laterally, evenly, feebly arcuate; basal angles acute. Scutellum

completely wanting. Slytra about as long as wide, not quite twice as long as

the prothorax, a little wider at basal fourth than at base; apex obliquely and

rather widely truncate, the angles moderately broadly rounded; basal stria

entire. Mes-epimera narrow, extending only three-fifths to the coxe; met-

episterna narrow, feebly, gradually narrowed throughout to the humeri, the

suture coarse, straight; epimera distinct, large, the dividing suture fine.

Legs long; posterior tarsi slightly shorter than the tibie, with the basal joint

fully as long as the next three. Length 2.0 mm.; width 1.25 mm.

New York (Long Island); North Carolina; Iowa.

This species closely resembles deflexa, but may be known by the

short third joint of the antenne, entire basal stria of the elytra and

feebly, evenly arcuate lateral margin of the prothorax. From

concolor it differs in its much smaller size and in antennal struc-

ture. The male has the fifth ventral bisinuate, the sixth produced

in a triangular, narrowly rounded process, flanked by deep, strongly

rounded emarginations as in concolor, except that in congener the

lobe is larger and more acutely triangular. ‘Three specimens.

B. deflexa n. sp.—Stout, broadly oval, subglabrous, the decumbent hairs

being remote and very fine as usual, subimpunctate ; under surface, legs and

antenne more or less paler, rufo-piceous. Head vertical; eyes large but not

attaining the base; antenne moderately distant, very slender, not quite as

long as the head and prothorax, the third joint rather more than five times

as long as wide, distinctly louger than the second, scarcely as long as the

fourth, four and five equal and a little longer than six and seven, eight still

shorter though scarcely thicker and four times as long as wide, ninth longer

than the tenth, both oblique at apex and distinctly more developed on the

inner than on the outer side of the axial line. Prothorax from above almost

semi-circular, four-fifths wider than long; basal lobe rather large, strongly

rounded. Scutellum completely wanting. lytra fully as long as wide, twice

as long as the prothorax, a little wider between basal fourth and fifth; apex

moderately wide, the external angles broadly rounded ; sutural and marginal

striz deep, the basal broadly interrupted. Mes-epimera rather broad, extend-

ing two-thirds to the coxe ; met-episterna narrow, exactly parallel, the suture

518 Coleopterological Notices, V.

very coarse and deep ; dividing line of the epimera very fine and feeble. Legs

long, slender, the hind tarsi three-fourths as long as the tibie, the basal joint

as long as the next three. Length 2.5 mm.; width 1.4 mm.

Rhode Island (Boston Neck); Virginia; Indiana.

The type is a male, having the fifth ventral plate very feebly

bisinuate toward the middle, the sixth produced in a slender,

gradually narrowed, acutely rounded process, longer than wide,

flanked by broadly rounded shallow emarginations which are larger

_and more feeble than in concolor. The species is also distinguish-

able from concolor by its smaller size, less obese form, relatively larger

elytra with broadly and completely obliterated basal stria, and by the

form of the lateral margin of the prothorax, which is more abruptly

though broadly bent downward posteriorly. Four specimens.

B. speculifer n. sp.—Rather narrowly oval, highly polished, black ;

legs, antenne, tips of the elytra and abdominal apex paler, testaceous ; integu-

ments subglabrous and subimpunctate. Head small, the eyes large, separated

by more than their own width ; antenne slender, scarcely as long as the head

and prothorax, joints three to seven subequal in length, eighth shorter, third

four times as long as wide, seventh and eighth thicker, club almost symmetri-

cal, joints nine and ten nearly equal, obconical, strongly compressed as usual.

Prothoraux short, two-thirds wider than long, strongly declivous anteriorly, the

apex not visible from above but scarcely more than one-third as wide as the

base ; basal lobe strong but evenly rounded ; angles rather acute. Scutellum

completely wanting. lytra rather longer than wide, twice as long as the

prothorax, very broadly, feebly rounded at the sides but somewhat wider at

basal fourth than at base; sutural and lateral strie deep, the latter slightly

punctate; basal and apical strie entire; apex transversely truncate, the

external angles broadly rounded. Mes-epimera rather short, barely extend-

ing two-thirds to the coxe; met-episterna narrow, subparallel, the suture

coarse deep and unevenly punctate; epimera distinct. Legs slender, the pos-

terior tarsi very slender but quite distinctly shorter than the tibie. Length

1.6 mm.; width 0.9 mm.

Iowa (Keokuk).

This species perhaps resembles apicalis more than any other, but

may be separated by its longer antennal joints and much more

elongate mes-epimera, as well as by the more broadly oval form of

the body and broader, less strongly rounded median thoracic lobe.

Two precisely similar specimens.

B. apicalis Lec.—Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1860, p. 323.

‘

Black, polished, subimpunctate and subglabrous; elytra rufescent

along the suture and apex; legs and abdomen rufous. Antenne

Coleopterological Notices, V. 519

short, not as long as the head and prothorax ; third and fourth joints

subequal, the former not quite three times as long as wide, slightly

shorter than the sixth, much less elongate than the fifth and equal

to the eighth, the latter much thicker; seventh as long as the fifth,

evenly and symmetrically fusiform ; club symmetrical. Prothorax

short, more than one-half wider than long, the basal lobe small and

rounded. Scutellum completely obsolete. Elytra longer than wide,

rather more than twice as long as the prothorax, slightly wider at

basal third or fourth, the sides broadly, almost evenly arcuate;

sutural striz rather distant; apex obliquely truncate, the outer

angles rather narrowly rounded. Mes-epimera long and narrow,

extending nearly three-fourths to the cox; met-episterna narrow,

the suture coarse but smooth, arcuately approaching close to the

elytra anteriorly. Legs slender; posterior tarsi not as long as the

tibiz but with the basal joint as long as the next three. Length

1.25 mm.; width 0.7 mm.

Represented in my cabinet from Rhode Island, Pennsylvania and

Michigan. The two specimens which I took near Philadelphia are

both pale, but probably from immaturity, as I can perceive no struc-

tural] differences. It does not vary much in size, and the measure-

ments are taken from an average specimen.

B. robustula n. sp.—Broadly oval, highly polished, subglabrous and

impunctate, black, the legs, antenne and abdominal apex paler. Head

slightly inflexed ; eyes moderate, separated by nearly twice their own width ;

epistomal suture completely obsolete; antenne rather widely separated, very

slender, fully as long as the head and prothorax, the third joint slender, four

or five times as long as wide, distinctly longer than the fourth and equal to

the fifth, fourth, sixth and eighth equal, the latter only just appreciably

thicker, seventh longer than any of the preceding four, ninth elongate,

obconical. Prothorax one-half wider than long, the apex not visible from

above, barely two-fifths as wide as the base, the median lobe of the latter

rather feebly rounded but distinct; basal angles somewhat short but acute.

Scutellum completely wanting. lytra barely as long as wide, not quite twice

as long as the prothorax, the sides very evenly elliptical and exactly continu-

ous with those of the prothorax; apex unusually narrow, the angles rounded ;

sutural and lateral strie deep, the basal entire though feeble near lateral

fifth. Mes-epimera rather short, scarcely extending two-thirds to the coxe,

the met-episterna narrow, parallel, the suture deep and coarse; epimera dis-

tinct. Legs slender, the basal joint of the hind tarsi not as long as the next

three. Length 1.2 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

Texas.

The unusually elongate third antennal joint, with the seventh

520 Coleopterological Notices, V.

and eighth scarcely thicker, the obliterated epistomal suture, ab-

sence of scutellum and small, broadly and extremely evenly ellip-

tical form, will readily serve for the identification of this distinct

but minute species. Two specimens.

B. texana n. sp.—Evenly oval, highly polished, deep black; legs,

antenne and abdomen toward tip dark rufo-testaceous ; integuments sub-

glabrous, the head and pronotum subimpunctate, with remote and fine,

decumbent and scarcely visible hairs ; elytra remotely, obsoletely punctulate

and similarly pubescent ; sterna impunctate, the row of punctures behind the

middle and posterior coxe very strong. Head small; eyes moderate; antenne

slender, not quite as long as the head and prothorax, the joints three, four

and six equal and four times as long as wide, five and seven longer, seven

and eight thicker, arcuate within, the latter three times as long as wide, joints

of the club rapidly increasing in length, the ninth not quite symmetrical.

Prothorax three-fifths wider than long, the apex scarcely more than one-third

as wide as the base; basal lobe rather feeble and broadly rounded; basal

angles somewhat acute. Scutellum visible, more than twice as wide as long.

Elytra as long as wide, three-fourths longer than the prothorax, scarcely at

all wider behind the base; sutural stria deep, the lateral coarse, more or less

punctate, the basal fine but entire; apex obliquely truncate, the outer angles

rounded. Mes-epimera long, extending almost three-fourths to the coxe;

met-episterna more than three times as long as wide, the suture coarse and

deep, feebly and arcuately approaching very near to the elytra anteriorly ;

epimera distinct. Posterior tarsi scarcely as long as the tibie. Length 1.7

mm.; width 0.95 mm.

Texas.

Distinguishable at once from speculifer by its visible scutellum,

and from deflexa by the same character, in addition to its much

smaller size and narrower form.

B. picea n.sp.—Rather broadly oval, dark rufo-piceous, the legs, antenne

and abdominal vertex rufous; integuments subglabrous, impunctate and

highly polished. Head small; eyes separated by more than their own width,

minutely and feebly emarginated by the antenne as usual; epistoma long,

subquadrate, rather longer than wide; antenne short, scarcely as long as the

head and prothorax, the third joint scarcely more than twice as long as wide

and only two-thirds as long as the fourth, four to six slender, subequal, seventh

and eighth longer and much thicker, but slightly asymmetric, the eighth only

slightly shorter than the seventh, eleventh more than twice as long as wide.

Prothorax nearly three-fourths wider than long, the apex much less than one-

half as wide as the base, the basal lobe well developed, rounded ; angles acute.

Scutellum visible, more than twice as wide as long. lytra fully as long as

wide, rather more than twice as long as the prothorax, quite distinctly wider

at basal fourth than at base, the basal stria broadly interrupted. Mes-epimera

Coleopterological Notices, V. 521

slender but not extending more than two-thirds to the coxe; met-episterna

long, narrow, the suture strong but even, feebly oblique toward the humeri

throughout, almost straight; epimera distinctly separated. Legs slender ;

posterior tarsi almost as long as the tibiae, the basal joint not as long as the

next three. Length 1.25 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

Pennsylvania.

Allied somewhat to nana, but differing in its larger size, paler

coloration, larger and longer epistoma, more distant antenne,

acute basal angles of the prothorax, narrower met-episterna with

straight and not evenly arcuate dividing suture, and several other

features. ‘Two specimens.

B. mama n. sp.—Moderately broad, highly polished and completely im-

punctate throughout, black, the legs rufo-testaceous ; antenne slightly paler

toward base ; integuments with extremely sparse recumbent hairs on the head,

femora and abdomen. Head small; antenne as long as the head and pro-

thorax, the first two joints as long as the next three, third scarcely more than

twice as long as wide and distinctly shorter than the fourth, four to eight

subequal in length, the fifth and seventh a little longer, seventh and eighth

stouter, nine to eleven broader forming the long loose club. Prothorax one-

half wider than long, the apex not quite one-half as wide as the base; median

lobe distinct, rounded; basal angles but slightly produced and distinctly

truncate. Scutellum distinct, more than twice as wide as long. Elytra as

long as wide, nearly twice as long as the prothorax, widest at about basal

fifth; apex truncate, the external angles rather broadly rounded; sutural

stria extending along the base nearly to the middle, the lateral slightly

inflexed at base. Mes-epimera narrow, extending fully two-thirds to the

coxe ; met-episterna unusually wide, barely two and one-half times as long

as wide, the suture parallel, distinctly arcuate, moderately coarse; epimera

small, the suture deep. Posterior tarsi as long as the tibia, the first joint as

long as the next two. Length 1.1 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

Rhode Island; Michigan; Texas.

Readily known by the truncate basal angles of the pronotum,

the extremity of the lateral acute line of the prothorax being far

below the line of the elytra, the met-episterna rather broader than

usual with the suture arcuate, and by the evident scutellum. It

is widely diffused, and the specimens in my cabinet differ very little

among themselves even in size.

TOXIDIUM Lec.

This genus is exceedingly distinct and isolated, but approaches

Beocera in general organization much more closely than Scaphi-

soma. It resembles the former in the slender cylindrical third an-

Awnais N. Y. Aca. Sct., VII, Nov. 1893.—34 |

522 Coleopterological Notices, V.

tennal joint, complete absence of scutellum and absence of all trace

of a dilated post-coxal plate on the first ventral segment, and sug-

gests certain types of the latter by the excessively small or obsolete

mes-epimera. It however differs from both in the compressed body,

more transversely elongate and more narrowly separated hind coxe,

narrower met-episterna, narrowed posteriorly and not anteriorly, in

the still longer tarsi and longer tibial spurs, in having the large

side-piece of the mesosternum clearly separated by a longitudinal

suture near the coxe, and in the fact that the sutural stria of the

elytra does not attain the base.

Our two species are very strongly differentiated but cannot be

separated generically ; they may be defined as follows :—

Basal angles of the prothorax only very feebly produced, obtusely angulate,

the side-margin of the prothorax attaining their apices; metasternum gen-

erally with a cluster of four or five coarse punctures near the middle coxe.

gammaroides

Basal angles not at all produced, obtuse and somewhat blunt; side-margin of

the prothorax rapidly deflexed, meeting the sides of the pronotum far in

front of the basal angles, the intervening edge upwardly oblique; meta-

sternum coarsely, deeply punctured throughout............cOMmpressum

In gammaroides there is a slight downward flexure in the acute

lateral margins of the prothorax opposite the point where these

margins terminate in compressum, suggesting a merely less de-

veloped form of the same structure.

T. sammaroides Lec.—Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., 18(0, p. 324.

Narrow, polished, scarcely punctate, black; tip of abdomen, legs

and antenne rufous. Antenne slender, nearly as long as the head

and prothorax, the third joint slender, almost four times as long as

wide, shorter than the fourth, the latter not as long as the fifth but

equal to the sixth; seventh sligbtly stout; eighth more slender ;

club moderate in length. Met-episterna posteriorly only one-half

as wide as near the base; suture coarse and deep; epimera small,

extending inward far within the episterna, meeting the tips of the

hind coxe. Length 1.6-1.8 mm.; width 0.7-0.75 mm.

Rhode Island and New York; LeConte indicates ‘‘ Southern

and Western States,’ but may have confounded the next species.

T. compressum Zimm.—Trans. Am. Ent. Soc , 1869, p. 251.

_ Greatly resembles the preceding but rather shorter, broader. and

dark red-brown in color. Besides the characters already noted

Coleopterological Notices, V. 523

compressum differs from gammarotdes in the narrower and more

parallel met-episterna. Length 1.4-1.7 mm.; width 0.7—0.8 mm.

Kansas and Nebraska to Florida. I can distinguish no distinct

trace of mes-epimera in either of these species.

SCAPHISOMA Leach.

The species of Scaphisoma exceed in number those of Beocera,

‘but are less readily differentiable. The antenne are generally

longer and have the outer joints more bilaterally asymmetric as a

rule, the third joint always very small, seldom more than one-half

as long as the fourth, enlarged and more or less oblique at apex

and constricted at base. There are two tolerably well-defined

types of antennal structure, one having the sixth joint rather

shorter than the fifth, the other with this joint greatly elongate,

sometimes equalling the preceding three together. In the latter

type the sixth joint is somewhat dilated within and bristling with

erect sete like those beyond it; in fact in the first type, the club—

if the loose chain of peculiar flattened internally arcuate joints can

be thus designated— begins with the seventh joint, and in the

second with the sixth. I have made no use of these types of

structure in classifying the species, as the character relating to

the mes-epimera seems to be more important and less subject to

sexual modification. The scutellum is present in all of our spe-

- cies, though very small and sometimes extremely minute; it is

invariably equilateral or nearly so. The basal stria of the elytra

is never entire, as it frequently is in Beeocera.

The following table may enable the reader to identify the forms

in his cabinet, although there are probably a considerable number

still to be discovered :—

Mes-epimera extending one-half or more to the coxe, always distinctly defined.

Metasternum strongly though sparsely punctate throughout, the punctures

extending also to the outer parts of the episterna................repanda

Metasternum subimpunctate or only punctured in part.

Body black, sometimes castaneous from immaturity.

Larger species, never much under 2 mm. in length.

Elytra sparsely but strongly punctate.

Metasternum, between the middle and hind coxe, coarsely and

strongly punctate.. eee a te ceceeseees CONVEXKA

Metasternum sine eo oinloeei cus oueiee elytral punctures

stronger ; form a little more elongate-oval........... Castanea

Elytra finely but much more closely punctate, the punctures almost

twice AS NUMEYLOUS AS IN CONLETA........00 eee eee eee DUNCtULata

524 Coleopterological Notices, V.

Smaller species, seldom more than 13 mm. in length.

Elytra not ies at apex, except feebly and gradually from diapha-

neity.. Blasts pr Date Suturalis

Elytra slic a broadh Ae eee eee aeiaed ote apne margin.

Larger, more broadly oval, the metasternum strongly punctured

TOWATG DASE ..ccerensveesoesasisnncericee'senese'sasiteotse cos ienmleen MCN? MNRINNP CREM

Small, narrowly oval, the metasternum minutely and scarcely

VISID]Y PUNCTUTEM Losses cen veecve ces secses saeienseaccee tes we lW ERM SMCEmS

Body pale rufo-testaceous throughout .........00 sec ceceesece see ceeeneee FUBEMS

Mes-epimera very small, sometimes completely undefined, and the suture ob-

literated ; species generally smaller, occasionally minute.

Coxal plate of the first ventral segment shorter, not extending to the middle;

body more than | mm. in length.

Body pale rufo-testaceous throughout... ...... cc. cecccsccs cee ceccercceee UAUIA

Body black, the elytral apex sometimes narrowly pale.

Elytra finely but visibly punctate almost to the basal margin.

Basal stria of the elytra extending outward beyond the middle of

each 3 larger SPeCieS..... ss. css cee cee ces cer ceccvsesseereeees GESCFTOrFUM

Basal stria extremely abbreviated, scarcely extending at all beyond

the outward flexure of the sutural stria; size much smaller.

inconspicua

Elytra impunctate, except occasionally very obsoletely and indefinitely

near the apex.

Posterior elevated margin of the intermediate acetabula strongly

rounded behind, extending posteriorly for more than one-fourth of

the distance between the middle and hind coxe...........obesula

Posterior marginal plate shorter and more broadly rounded.

Post-coxal plate bordered by a transverse series of small but deep

punctures ; fourth antennal joint much shorter than the fifth,

three times as long as wide; met-episterna wide, narrowed ante-

THOMLY pia ncisreserwurreceiwes seusee ce amethacetlectelmmen en teetenicare . Carolinze

Post- at ae out a Gaerne marginal es. of punctures ;

fourth antennal joint longer and much more slender, fully four

times as long as wide; met-episterna narrower, parallel; body

slightly narrower, the elytra longer and the prothorax shorter.

arkansana

Coxal plate of the first ventral large, extending to the middle of the seg-

ment; body 1 mm. or less in length..........ccseecceeee cee sceeee ces eee PUSI MMA!

1 The gender usually adopted for such words as Scaphisoma, Tyloderma

and others, is the neuter, on the ground that the gender of the word in the

Greek is neuter. It is evident, however, that as soon as a word is taken into

the binomial nomenclature as the symbol of a genus, it immediately and by

virtue thereof becomes Latin, whatever may be its derivation. As a genus in

the binomial nomenclature, Scaphisoma is therefore a Latin word and should

be given a gender corresponding with its Latin termination. lt is manifestly

Coleopterological Notices, V. 525

S. repanda nu. sp.—Rather broadly oval, polished, black, somewhat

piceous beneath, the legs and antenne pale; integuments subglabrous, the

decumbent hairs fine and very sparse ; head and pronotum impunctate; elytra

strongly, sparsely punctured throughout; metasternum, the inner part of its

parapleure and the first ventral plate, except toward apex, strongly but not

so coarsely, sparsely punctured. Head vertical, moderate in size; eyes large,

distant by twice their width ; antenne distant, as long as the head and pro-

thorax, the third joint not twice as long as wide, barely one-half as long as

the fourth, which is four times as long as wide and not quite as long as the

fifth or sixth, the latter equal, seventh longer, dilated and arcuate within,

three times as long as wide, eighth much shorter and thinner, joints of club

elongate, not much wider than the seventh. Prothorax three-fourths wider

than long, the apex barely two-fifths as wide as the base, the median lobe

broadly rounded ; basal angles distinctly produced and acute. Scutellum

minute but distinct. lytra as long as wide, twice as long as the prothorax, a

little wider at basal third than at base; apices obliquely truncate, two-thirds

as wide as the maximum width, the angles rather narrowly rounded ; sutural

and marginal strie distinct, the basal obsolete at about the middle. Mes-

epimera long, narrow, extending three-fifths to the coxe ; met-episterna wide,

the suture fine and only moderately oblique. Legs slender; hind tarsi about

as long as the tibize. the basal joint scarcely as long as the next three. Length

1.7 mm.; width 1.05 mm.

Towa; Missouri; Massachusetts.

Readily known by the punctuation and by the fact that the usual

post-coxal plate of the first ventral segment is as completely obso-

lete as in Beeocera, the hind margin straight and anteriorly oblique

outwardly. The size seems to be very uniform.

8. convexa Say.—Journ. Ac. Phila., V, p. 183; Lec.: Proc. Ac. Phila.,

1860, p. 323.

Broadly oval, highly polished, black, the under surface, legs and

antennee paler, rufous. Antenne long, the third joint one-half

longer than wide, enlarged at apex, scarcely one-half as long as

the fourth, which is between three and four times as long as wide;

fifth but little longer; sixth and seventh subequal, much longer,

nearly as long as the fourth and fifth together, the sixth feebly

dilated within, the seventh more strongly and arcuately so; eighth

shorter; club very elongate and slender, not wider than the seventh.

impossible to modify a noun of one language by an adjective of another; the

combination of letters ‘‘Scaphisoma’’ in the name Scaphisoma rufula, cannot

therefore be Greek but must be Latin. Why we should maintain the Greek

gender, or any other attribute of the symbol as a Greek word, it is difficult to

understand.

526 Coleopterological Notices, V.

Prothorax fully three-fifths wider than long, very obsoletely punc-

tulate. Scutellum distinct, equilateral. Elytra about three-fourths

longer than the prothorax, widest near basal third, the sides very

broadly, evenly arcuate; surface strongly, remotely punctate, the

basal stria becoming obsolete near lateral third; apical angles

rather broadly rounded. Mes-epimera extending a little more than

half way to the cox. Legs slender, the hind tarsi long, very slen-

der, as long as the tibize, with the basal joint longer than the next

two. Length 2.25-2.7 mm.; width 1.4—1.6 mm.

Entire Atlantic slope and westward to the Mississippi. The

most abundant of the eastern species and distinguished by its

large size, antennal structure and punctuation. The post-coxal

plate of the first ventral is very short and broadly rounded behind.

S. castanea Mots.—Bull. Mosc., 1845, IV, p. 361; Lec.: Proc. Ac.

Phila., 1860, p. 323.

This species resembles convexa very closely, but is on the whole

a little larger, with the prothorax somewhat shorter and the elytra

just visibly longer; the antenne are a little thicker, the third joint

but slightly longer than wide, and, as usual, strongly narrowed

toward base, the fourth not more than three times as long as wide,

shorter than the fifth, sixth much longer, not as long as the seventh

and a little shorter than the fourth and fifth together. The elytra

are, aS a rule, somewhat more strongly and perhaps a little less re-

motely punctate. Length 2.25-3.0 mm.; width 1.4-1.7 mm.

The series before me consists of a very large number of specimens

from many parts of California, British Columbia, Idaho, Utah, and

oue labeled ‘‘ Arizona.’? The normal color seems to be black, but

specimens occasionally occur which are castaneous, undoubtedly

from immaturity.

S. punctulata Lec.—Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1860, p. 323.

Broadly oval, highly polished, black, the elytral apex not in the

least paler; head, antenna, legs and most of the abdomen above

and beneath rufous; fine hairs unusually distinct on the under sur-

face. Antenne long and slender, fully as long as the head and pro-

thorax, the third joint triangular, scarcely longer than wide; fourth

three times as long as wide; fifth much longer, fully five times as

long as wide, much longer than the third and fourth combined,

shorter than the sixth, which is unusually long, even longer but

Coleopterological Notices, V. 527

thinner than the seventh; eighth about as long as the fifth; joints

of the club very long, not wider than the seventh. Prothorax two-

thirds wider than long, extremely obsoletely punctulate. Scutellum

minute, equilateral. Hlytra scarcely visibly wider at basal fourth

than at base; outer apical angles narrowly rounded; basal stria

extending to the middle. Mes-epimera long and narrow, extending

three-fifths to the cox; met-episternal suture fine, moderately ob-

lique. Basal joint of the hind tarsi as long as the next three.’

Leneth 1.9-2.1 mm.; width 1.3-1.4 mm.

Georgia and Florida. Readily identifiable by the rather dense

but fine, uniformly distributed and unusually close elytral punctua-

tion.

S. suturalis Lec.—Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1860, p. 323.

Rather narrowly oval; body dark castaneous to black, highly

polished throughout, the pronotum subimpunctate, the elytra

strongly but remotely punctate from apex to base. Antenne

rather thick, the third joint triangular, oblique at apex, one-half

longer than wide, one-half as long as the fourth, which is nearly

four times as long as wide; fifth slightly swollen within, barely

longer than the third and fourth together, very slightly longer

than the sixth but distinctly shorter than the seventh; joints after

the fourth all more or less dilated and arcuate within. Prothorax

rather short, three-fourths wider than long, one-half as long as the

elytra. Scutellum distinct. Elytra rather longer than wide,

slightly widest at basal fourth; outer apical angles rather broadly

rounded; sutural stria deep, the basal fine, extending to the middle.

Mes-epimera long, narrow, extending two-thirds to the coxe; met-

episternal suture fine and only very slightly oblique. Posterior

tarsi long and extremely slender, the first joint subequal to the

next three. Length 1.75 mm.; width 1.1 mm.

Missouri and North Carolina (Hot Springs). The antenne are

unusually thick, the fifth joint being more slender in the majority

of species. There is but little variation in the three specimens be-

fore me.

Ss. terminata Mels.—Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., II, p. 104; Lec.: 1. c¢.,

1860, p, 323.

Oval, strongly convex, black, highly polished throughout, the

apex of the elytra margined with flavo-testaceous; legs and an-

528 Coleopterological Notices, V.

tenne pale; head and pronotum subimpunctate; elytra distinctly,

sparsely punctate, the punctures becoming finer toward base. An-

tenne not quite as long as the head and prothorax, the third joint

slightly longer than wide, only a little shorter than the fourth,

which is barely twice as long as wide; fifth about as long as the

third and fourth together; sixth slender, very long, distinctly

longer than the third, fourth and fifth combined, fully as long as

the seventh, the latter strongly inflated within. Prothorax short,

one-half as long as the elytra. Scutellum distinct. Elytra a little

wider at basal fourth than at base, the basal stria extending fully

to the middle but approaching very close to the pronotum; sutural

deep, feebly and somewhat unevenly arcuate; external apical angles

distinctly rounded. Mes-epimera scarcely extending midway to the

coxe ; met-episternal suture fine and very oblique. Metasternum

coarsely, strongly punctured toward base except along the bind

coxe. Posterior tarsi slender, the basal joint as long as the next

three. Length 1.8 mm.; width 1.25 mm.

New York. The very long sixth antennal joint, more than equal

to the preceding three together, the coarsely punctured metasternum

and pale apex of the elytra, will readily identify this species, which

is much larger and rather more broadly oval than the next.

S. evamescens n. sp —Narrowly oval, black, highly polished; elytra

with a pale apical margin; antenne, legs and abdomen toward apex pale,

rufous; head and pronotum impunctate; elytra finely, sparsely punctate,

the punctures completely evanescent and effaced in basal half; metasternum

extremely minutely, sparsely punctulate. Head vertical, moderate; eyes

large, separated by one-half more than their own width; antenne not as long

as the head and prothorax, the third joint very small, triangular, scarcely

longer than wide, fourth very short, barely twice as long as wide, fifth four

times as long as wide, distinctly longer than the third and fourth together

and a little shorter than the sixth. Prothorax two-thirds wider than long,

the basal lobe small, strongly rounded; basal angles produced and acute.

Scutellum distinct. lytra abuut as long as wide, twice as long as the pro-

thorax, a little wider at basal fourth than at base; truncate apices nearly

three-fourths of the maximum width; angles distinctly rounded ; sutural stria

fine, nearly straight, the basal fine, scarcely attaining the middle and distant

from the pronotum. Mes-epimera rather wide, barely extending halfway to

the coxe; met-episternal suture very fine, strongly oblique, the parapleure

wide behind; epimeral suture fine but distinct. Post-coxal plate of the first

ventral rather strongly rounded behind and extending two-fifths of the length.

Legs slender; basal joint of the hind tarsi not as long as the next three.

Length 1.4-1.55 mm.; width 0.9-1.0 mm.

Coleopterological Notices, V. 529

Iowa; Texas.

This small species resembles terminata in the distinctly defined

pale apex of the elytra, but may readily be known by the strongly

marked difference in antennal structure and feebly punctate meta-

sternum, sculpture of the elytra and much smaller size.

S. rubens n. sp.—Narrowly oval, very convex, highly polished and pale

rufo-testaceous throughout, subglabrous, the hairs very distant but visible ;

head, pronotum and metasternum subimpunctate; elytra finely feebly and

very sparsely punctate. Head vertical, the eyes moderate, distant by nearly

twice their own width; antenne somewhat longer than the head and pro-

thorax, the third joint almost twice as long as wide, feebly narrowed toward

base, barely one-half as long as the fourth, which is evenly cylindrical and

four times as long as wide, distinctly shorter than the fifth, the latter thicker

beyond the middle, rather longer than the sixth, seventh longer than the

fifth, inflated and arcuate within, eleventh much longer than the tenth.

Prothorax two-thirds wider than long, the apex one-half as wide as the base ;

scutellar lobe moderate, rounded; basal angles produced and acute. Scutellum

distinct, a little wider than long. Elytra fully as long as wide, twice as long

as the prothorax, a little wider at basal third than at base, the truncate apex

barely two-thirds of the maximum width; angles distinctly rounded ; basal

stria obsolete, the rather widely and deeply impressed sutural stria simply

turned outward slightly at base. Mes-epimera extending halfway to the

cox ; met-episternal suture fine and distinctly oblique, the episterna how-

ever only moderate in width. Legs slender, the basal joint of the hind tarsi

searcely longer than the next two. Length 1.7-1.9 mm.; width 0.95-1.05 mm.

Massachusetts; New York (Catskill Mts. and Long Island).

The pale coloration of this species recalls rufula very greatly at

first sight, but it is more elongate and dilfers altogether in the form

of the mes-epimera.

S. rufulla Lec.—Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1860, p. 323.

Oval, rather short and stout, highly polished and pale rufo-testa-

ceous throughout, the head and pronotum subimpunctate; elytra

extremely finely sparsely and obsoletely punctulate. Avtenne long,

the third joint short, constricted at base, barely one-half as long as

the fourth, which is four times as long as wide and distinctly shorter

than the fifth, the latter a little longer than the sixth. Prothorax

rather long, scarcely one-half wider than long; basal angles pro-

duced and acute. Scutellum excessively minute but present. Ely-

tra not quite as long as wide, not much more than one-half longer

than the prothorax; sutural stria deep, curved outward for a short

distance at base, the basal stria represented thence to the middle by

530 Coleopterological Notices, V.

the merest trace; external apical angles moderately rounded, the

apex nearly three-fourths of the maximum width. . Mes-epimera

very short, the suture feeble; met-episternal suture distinctly ob-

lique. Basal joint of the hind tarsi as long as the next three.

Length 1.5 mm.; width 1.0 mm.

Arizona (Yuma). The pale coloration, short and broad form

and short mes-epimera are features which render this species

abundantly distinct. The first ventral segment is more strongly

punctate in the middle toward base in one of the specimens before

me, which is probably the male.

8. desertorum n. sp.—Rather broadly oval, black, highly polished;

elytra gradually somewhat pale toward apex; antenne, legs and abdomen

in great part pale; head and pronotum excessively minutely and obsoletely

punctulate; elytra finely and sparsely but distinctly punctate; metasternum

obsoletely so, the first ventral segment remotely but more distinctly. Head

moderate; eyes large, separated by one-half more than their own width ;

antenne rather longer than the head and prothorax, the third joint longer

than wide, expanded at apex, almost as long as the fourth, which is small,

not quite twice as long as wide, fifth rather longer than the preceding two

combined, though scarcely more than three times as long as wide, sixth very

long, feebly dilated within, fully as long as the three preceding, scarcely as

long as the seventh, which is strongly dilated and arcuate within. Prothorax

rather long, about one-half wider than long, the apex barely two-fifths as wide

as the base; scutellar lobe moderate. Scutellum extremely minute. L/ytra

not quite as long as wide, two-thirds longer than the prothorax, a little wider

at basal fourth than at base; apex a little more than two-thirds the maximum

width; apical angles rather narrowly rounded; sutural stria fine, the basal

extending rather beyond the middle. Mes-epimera short, extending one-third

to the coxe, the suture strong; met-episternal suture fine, oblique. Legs

slender; hind tarsi a little shorter than the tibie, the first joint not quite as

long as the next three; second but slightly longer than the third; fourth

much shorter. Length 1.9-2.0 mm.; width 1.3-1.4.

Avizona (Williams); Texas (Hl Paso). Mr. Wickham.

This species is quite distinct in antennal structure, somewhat

shorter elytra and abbreviated mes-epimera. It was obtained

apparently in some abundance.

S. inconspicua n. sp.—Somewhat narrowly oval, highly polished,

black, the elytral apex not paler; under surface rufo-piceous; legs and

antenne still paler; head and pronotum impunctate; elytra finely, sparsely

punctate, the punctures becoming almost obsolete toward base. Head inoder-

ate; eyes separated by one-half more than their own width ; antennez with

the third joint small, triangular, scarcely longer than wide, about one-half as

long as the fourth, the latter three times as long as wide, fifth longer, fully

Coleopterological Notices, V. 531

four times as long as wide, distinctly longer than the sixth and a little longer

than the preceding two together. Prothorax short, fully three-fourths wider

than long; basal lobe moderate, rounded; angles briefly produced, somewhat

deflexed, obtusely acuminate. Scutellum extremely minute. lytra fully as

long as wide, twice as long as the prothorax, rather abruptly narrowed to the

base; apex three-fourths of the maximum width; angles moderately rounded ;

sutural stria straight, deeply and broadly impressed. Mes-epimera very small,

the suture strong. Posterior tarsi about as long as the tibiz, with the first

joint as long as the next three. Length 1.2 mm.; width 0.75 mm.

Florida.

A small species, the single type of which is in rather a poor state

of preservation. It may be known by its punctured elytra from

those more closely allied. The post-coxal plate of the first ventral

segment is narrowly rounded, extending nearly through basal third

of the length.

S. obesulla n. sp.—Broadly oval, strongly convex, highly polished, the

elytra very obsoletely and remotely punctulate toward apex, black, the legs,

abdomen and antenne paler. Head moderate; antenne slender, the third

joint clavate, one-half as long as the fourth, the latter four times as long as

wide, fifth as long as the third and fourth combined and subequal to the sixth.

Prothorax two-thirds wider than long, the apex two-fifths as wide as the base;

scutellar lobe rather strongly rounded at apex; basal angles produced and

acute. Scutellum extremely minute. lytra scarcely as long as wide, three-

fourths longer than the prothorax, somewhat wider near basal third than at

base, the sides evenly arcuate; apex oblique, narrow, barely two-thirds of

the maximum width ; angles narrowly rounded; sutural stria rather fine but

deep, the basal not extending beyond the basal arcuation of the sutural.

Mes-epimera very small, the suture almost obsolete; met-episternal suture

fine, oblique; post-coxal plate of the metasternum extending posteriorly

almost one-third of the length ; post-coxal plate of the first ventral very

short, broadly rounded, with a transverse series of coarse punctures along its

edge. Posterior tarsi about as long as the tibia, the first joint as long as the

next two. Length 1.5-1.6 mm.; width 0.95-1.05 mm.

Florida.

This species may be recognized at once by its broad form and

subimpunctate surface. |

S. caroline nu. sp.—Rather broadly oval, highly polished, black and

impunctate; abdomen more or less pale; antenne and legs rufous. Head

vertical; eyes moderate, distant; antennz nearly as long as the head and

prothorax, third joint triangular, oniy slightly longer than wide, not quite

one-half as long as the fourth, the latter three times as long as wide, fifth as

long as the third and fourth together and somewhat longer than the sixth.

Prothorax rather short, three-fourths wider than long; apex a little less than

532 Coieopterological Notices, V.

one-half as wide as the base; scutellar lobe small, rather strongly rounded ;

basal angles acute, moderately produced and somewhat deflexed. Scutellum

small but distinct. lytra not quite as long as wide, a little less than twice

as long as the prothorax, slightly wider from basal third to fourth than at

base; sides evenly rounded; oblique apex three-fourths of the maximum

width; angles distinctly rounded; sutural stria deep, the basal obsolete.

Mes-epimera very small, the suture obsolete; met-episternal suture coarse,

feebly oblique, the episterna broad throughout. Post-coxal plate of the meta-

sternum very short, broadly rounded, bordered by a series of deep conspicuous

punctures extending outward along the anterior margin of the metasternum

almost to the parapleure ; post-coxal plate of the first ventral extremely short.

Length 1.25 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

North Carolina (Asheville).

Resembles the preceding very much, but differs conspicuously in

the form and extent of the elevated plate behind the middle aceta-

bula, in the much less minute scutellum and smaller size.

S. arkansana n. sp.—Narrowly oval, impunctate, highly polished,

black, the elytral apex not paler except from diaphaneity ; under surface

rufo-piceous ; antenne blackish, the first six joints and the legs throughout

testaceous. Head small, the eyes separated by a little less than twice their

width; antenne slender, one-half as long as the body, third joint not twice

as long as wide and one-third as long as the fourth, the latter a little shorter

than the fifth but correspondingly longer than the sixth, seventh distinctly

wider and slightly longer than the fifth, eighth scarcely larger than the sixth,

last three joints moderately compressed. Prothorax three-fourths wider than

long, the apex arcuate and about one-half as wide as the base; sides evenly

arcuate; basal angles produced and acute; median lobe distinct, rounded.

Scutellum distinct but small, perfectly equilateral. lytra as long as wide,

twice as long as the prothorax and, at about basal fourth, a little wider ; sides

evenly arcuate; apex three-fifths of the discal width ; outer angles moderately

rounded; sutural stria extending only to the base, the basal stria obsolete.

Legs slender; hind tarsi wanting in the type. Length 1.25 mm.; width

0.75 mm.

Arkansas.

A single specimen, kindly communicated by Mr. H.C. Fall. It

is closely allied to caroline, but differs in certain well defined struc-

tural features referred to in the table.

S. pusilla Lec.—Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1860, p. 323.

This species can always be recognized by its very minute size

and generally by the coloration, the elytra being rufous in apical

half; two specimens before me depart however in being pale testa-

ceous throughout, and two others in being black with the apex only

——— se Se eee eS ee

Coleopterological Notices, V. 533

paler. There seems to be considerable variation also in the size of

the post-coxal plate of the first ventral, which generally attains the

middle of the segment, but in one specimen .it plainly does not

extend so far and in another goes a little beyond the middle. The

antenne: differ from those of any other species in being shorter and

stouter, the outer joints shorter and less asymmetric than usual,

with the large seventh joint rather wider than any one of the outer

three; first two joints as long as the next four; third very small,

triangular; fourth small, barely twice as long as wide; fifth fully

as long as the preceding two combined; sixth unusually small,

securiform, scarcely twice as long as wide, about three-fourths as

Iong as the fifth and one-half as long and wide as the seventh.

Length 0.75-1.0 mm. ; width 0.5-0.7 mm.

Rhode Island to Lake Superior, Iowa and the Carolinas. It is

possible that several very closely allied species may be indicated by

the above described color variations, but I am unable at present to

find any really decisive structural differences.

HISTERID.

But little progress has been made in the systematic treatment of

this family since the completion of the superb monograph of Mar-

seul, and but few American species have been made known since

the synopsis published by Dr. Horn, now somewhat more than

twenty years ago. A considerable number of new forms have been

accumulating however, principally through recent collecting in Cali-

fornia and parts adjacent, and, in rearranging my cabinet, it seemed

desirable that these should be described.

A modification of the present classification would seem to be

desirable in order to better determine the positions of the two aber-

rant genera Bacanius and Plegaderus. Bacanius is evidently out

of place at present, although some affinity with Abrzeus may possi-

bly be indicated by the transverse chain of pronotal punctures in

B. rhombophorus, a feature which appears to be essentially charac-

teristic of Abreeus and Acritus. By placing Bacanius immediately

after Anapleus, and then reversing the order of genera in the

Saprini, so as to bring Abreus and Acritus at the head, this diffi-

culty can however be readily overcome.

According to Mr. Lewis Tribalus californicus Horn, is to be

referred to Stictostix Mars.

534 Coleopterological Notices, V.

HOLOLEPTA Payk.

The species described below is allied to princeps Lec., and is

therefore assignable to the subgenus Leionota. Princeps appa-

rently cannot be the same as yucateca Mars. The sexual characters

in the former are very feeble, as readily observable in the large

series before me, the male being broader and shorter than the female,

with longer mandibles and broader propygidium, but the groove

along the lateral margin of the pronotum is almost identical in the

two sexes.! a

H. vernicis n. sp.—Rather narrow, feebly, evenly convex, highly pol-

ished. Head without trace of frontal striw, the lateral strie near the eyes

very short, basal, the surface behind them coarsely punctate; mandibles

short, stout, not quite as long as the head, strongly arcuate and acute at tip :

mentum broadly, feebly concave, even, finely sparsely and evenly punctate,

deeply, subangularly emarginate; triangular gular impression almost obso-

lete. Prothorary four-fifths wider than long, the sides broadly arcuate and

convergent anteriorly from the middle, becoming almost parallel and straight

in basal half; lateral groove rather fine but deep, slightly dilated at apex ;

inflexed along the basal margin to lateral sixth; disk with a fine median stria

in basal two-fifths, narrowly and sparsely punctate along the lateral stria

especially toward base. Scutellum very small, equilateral. lytra equal in

width to the prothorax, parallel, the suture less than one-third longer ; apical

sinuation deep, rounded; subhumeral stria dilated, deep, attaining neither

base nor apex; first dorsal deep and coarse, arcuate, scarcely attaining basal

third, coarsely double at base, the humeri also with a short basal stria exter-

nally; second dorsal fine but deep, interrupted at basal fourth, the apical

part beginning rather before the point opposite the termination of the first

dorsal, and continuing almost to the apex. Propygidium rather sparsely but

very coarsely, variolately punctate laterally, the punctate areas joined along

the posterior margin by some very small sparse and feeble punctures ; pygi-

dium coarsely deeply and very densely cribrate. Anterior tibie 4-dentate,

the basal tooth very broadly angulate and feeble, the others strong but not

very acute; posterior tibize with three large acute and spiniform teeth. Pos-

terior half of the prosternum triangular in form, the hind margin evenly

rounded ; apical half in the form of a rather narrow, transversely rounded

and parallel ridge, the apex obtusely rounded. Length (exclusive of mandi-

bles) 11.5 mm. ; width 5.4 mm.

Arizona.

There appears to be no Mexican species with which this can be

confounded, and it is widely distinct from any form hitherto de-

1 The measurements of length include the entire body and head, except when

otherwise stated.

Coleopterological Notices, V. 5385

scribed from the United States. The type seems to be a female.

This species is much smaller and narrower than princeps.

OMALODES Erichs.

Of this interesting genus we have three species which may be

distinguished as follows :—

Posterior tibize with three external spines; punctures of the pygidium and

propygidium not interrupted behind..................::0000.. ¢eKaMUS Mars.

Posterior tibiz with four spines.

Propygidium coarsely punctate only toward the sides, the two areas of

punctuation feebly united at apical fourth by a transverse band composed

of very fine feeble punctures; pygidium coarsely punctured throughout

except in anterior third ; elytra without a marginal stria along the apex.

lubricams n. sp.

Propygidium coarsely punctate, the punctures becoming remote near the

center of the disk, minute along the apex; pygidinm coarsely punctate,

the punctures fine along the anterior margin and almost obliterated toward

apex ; elytra with a marginal stria along the apex.

vitreolucens n. sp.

Texanus is unknown to me, but may be readily identified by the

structure of the hind tibiz; it is much narrower and more elon-

gate than lubricans or grossus. The species are all intensely

black, very highly polished and feebly sculptured.

O. lubricams.—Broadly oval, the extremely minute punctulation rather

sparse but dense and distinct near the scutellum. Head concave in the

middle, finely punctulate, the marginal stria subhexagonal, feebly reéntrant

in the middle, subentire. Prothorax not quite twice as wide as long, the well

marked and deflexed apical angles separated by two-fifths of the basal width ;

sides oblique, nearly straight, not distinctly sinuate near the middle; margi-

nal stria distinct at apex, very faint at base; lateral deep, entire; disk with

a small ante-scutellar puncture. finely and not very densely punctured along

the sides, almost equally from apex to base. Scutellum with a discal punc-

ture. Elytra a little more than one-half longer, and, at the middle, but slightly

wider than the prothorax; striz fine, that of the flank beginning slightly

behind the humeri and becoming obsolete and broken toward apex ; humeral

excessively fine, extending to basal third; subhumeral arcuate, beginning at

the middle and extending to the apex; first dorsal long but not attaining

base or apex; second not attaining the base and broken into an uneven series

of punctures behind; third extending not quite to the middle. Propygidium

not impressed. fProsternum very broadly rounded at apex and extremely feebly

margined, rounded and slightly dilated behind ; mesosternum very short,

broadly, deeply sinuate, the marginal stria somewhat narrowly interrupted.

Anterior tibie strongly 4-dentate, the intermediate with three strong teeth

536 Coleopterological Notices, V.

and two small subbasal denticles ; posterior with four teeth, of which the one

nearest the base is much the smallest. Length (median line of pronotum and

elytra) 9.0 mm.; width 7.8 mm.

Arizona (Sta. Rita Mts.). Mr. Wickham.

Although allied to fexanus and grossus, this species is distinct in

several important characters. It is much broader than fexanus, and

grossus differs radically in the disposition and extent of the punc-

tured areas of the pygidium and propygidium. Judging by the

description and figures, it seems impossible to consider texanus and

grossus identical, as surmised by Dr. LeConte; nor is the habitat

of texanus necessarily open to doubt; texanus is not mentioned at

all by Mr. Lewis in treating of the Mexican species.

0. vitreolucens.—Broadly oval, excessively finely punctulate through-

out, the punctures especially evident and closer on the elytra toward the

scutellum. Head broadly impressed along the middle throughout the length,

finely, closely punctate, the punctures becoming stronger at base; marginal

stria only present at the sides along the eyes ; antenne with the club piceous.

Prothorax nearly twice as wide as long, the apical angles distant by scarcely

more than two-fifths of the basal width; base oblique but scarcely sinuate

laterally ; sides oblique, nearly straight, rounded anteriorly, not distinctly

sinuate near the middle; marginal stria evident only near the apical angles ;

lateral stria not quite entire, very close to the edge, deep near the apical

angles; disk strongly, densely punctate near the lateral stria, the punctured

area becoming narrower and evanescent to the base, broadest at apex; ante-

scutellar puncture small. Scutellum equilateral, not deeply impressed. Elytra

one-half longer, and, before the middle, distinctly wider than the prothorax ;

strie very fine; flanks with a strong sigmoid stria from the humeri extending

unbroken along the apex to the suture; oblique humeral stria straight ; sub-

humeral strongly arcuate, not extending to the middle and approaching close

to the marginal at apex; first dorsal subentire; second nearly entire, abbre-

viated at base and consisting of an uneven series of punctures toward apex ;

third beginning at the basal margin, not attaining the middle. Prosternum

with ashort stria before each coxa, feebly dilated and broadly rounded behind,

the apical lobe broadly rounded ; mesosternum short, broadly, roundly sinu-

ate, the transverse stria very widely interrupted. Anterior and posterior

tibie 4-dentate, the intermediate 5-dentate. Length (median line of protho-

rax and elytra) 7.0 mm.; width 6.0 mm.

Southern Florida. Mr. Jiilich.

This species has been identified as klugt Mars., but the latter is

undoubtedly different, although allied in having a transverse mar-

ginal stria at the apex of the elytra. In klugz the frontal stria is

entire aud semi-hexagonal, and the posterior tibie are 3-dentate

externally, while in the present species the frontal stria is only

Coleopterological Notices, V. 537

represented by two oblique grooves at the sides not extending

beyond the eyes, and there are four distinct tibial denticles, of

which the basal is however small.

PSILOSCELIS Mars.

The following species belongs near repleta Lec., but is smaller

and more depressed.

P. corrosa n. sp.—Oblong, depressed, piceous-black, moderately shining,

densely punctate, the punctures large variolate and intermingled with others

which are minute but deep, sparse toward the elytral suture but dense else-

where, subconfluent on the elytra and almost obliterating the striw, rather

fine beneath. Head transverse, densely, rugosely punctate, without a distinct

marginal stria, the antero-lateral angles acute; mandibles stout, porrect.

Prothorax four-fifths wider than long, the sides very feebly convergent from

base to apex and feebly arcuate; marginal stria deep and distinct, not attain-

ing the apex; lateral stria coarse, only visible in basal third where it is very

close to the marginal, represented thence anteriorly only by feebly defined

and detached fragments; disk densely and very deeply punctate even toward

the middle. Scutellum very small, smooth and polished. /ytra not quite as

long as wide, one-half longer than the prothorax and scarcely at all wider ;

sides subparallel, feebly arcuate; striz coarse but shallow and not well de-

fined ; outer subhumeral represented by a short longitudinal and outwardly

arcuate stria in basal third, not attaining the base; inner subhumeral entire;

first and second dorsals entire, the third obliterated toward base; fourth only

visible near the apex. Propygidium large, coarsely but not very densely punc-

tate, the punctures rounded and umbilicate ; pygidium rather small, strongly

and closely punctate. Prosternum not striate, the lobe long, deflexed, strongly

rounded, margined; disk behind the lobe with two distant punctures. Meso-

sternum with a small feeble median emargination ; marginal stria subentire.

Legs stout; anterior tibie broadly triangular, with four broad external teeth

arranged in two pairs; posterior tibie parallel, very strongly compressed, the

external edge thin and with a single series of four or five distant spinules.

Length 4.3 mm.; width 2.4 mm.

Wyoming (Cheyenne).

The antennal cavities are deep and at some distance behind the

apical angles, fully exposed, and not at all concealed by the anterior

margin of the prosternum.

This interesting species is probably myrmecophilous, but no note

to this effect accompanies the unique specimen, for which I am

indebted to its discoverer, Mr. Hugo Soltau.

Annats N. Y. Acap. Sci., VII, Dec. 1893.—35

538 Coleopterological Notices, V.

HISTER Linné.

In this genus I find a remarkable and puzzling inconstancy in a

structural character, which ought apparently to bea very good one—

the emargination of the prosternal lobe. For example in two other-

wise completely similar specimens of depurator before me, both

bearing the same label, the lobe is broadly subtruncate at apex,

with the angles broadly and continuously rounded in one, while in

the other it is visibly emarginate, with the angles acute, prominent

and dentiform. Possibly these differences may be sexual, but until

their origin is determined it will be unsafe to separate species upon

them, unless sustained by decided divergencies in other parts of the

body.’

In Hister the elytra have nine striz, besides the one or two sulci

of the inflexed flanks, but several are more or less abbreviated or

radically modified, so that the apparent number is much less. The

first two from the suture are generally greatly abbreviated in front,

the next four usually more or less nearly entire, the seventh is fre-

quently represented by an obsolete subapical line of punctures which

is rarely striiform,” the eighth by the outer subhumeral stria, some-

times obsolete or otherwise modified, and the ninth by a series of

small, distantly spaced punctures along the crest of the lateral con-

vexity. If this sequence be borne in mind, it will always be easy

to understand the detached striz and series of punctures met with

in the various species. For instance in abbreviatus, the basal part

of the coarse lateral stria is a basal remnant of the outer subhumeral,

the apical part being the inner subhumeral. Besides the oblique

humeral stria, there is in most species a short subtransverse outer

humeral; it is impossible to state the exact significance of either of

1 Since this was written I have examined good series of depurator and incertus

and find that of nine specimens of the former, seven have the prosternum

emarginate, and two broadly rounded. Of twelve examples of incertus, six

have the prosternal lobe narrowly and evenly rounded, four broadly subtrun-

cate with rounded angles, and two emarginate with acute angles.

2 The oblique inner humeral is certainly not the basal part of this inner

subhumeral as stated by Dr. Horn (Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XIII, p. 287), the

true base of the latter being sometimes seen as a short stria near the base of

the former, as remarked under £pierus cornutus. In Pesiloscelis repleta Lee.,

the inner subhumeral is entire and similar to the first dorsal; it crosses the

oblique humeral stria near its middle point and attains the basal margin, the

strie not being at all distorted at the point of crossing.

Coleopterological Notices, V. | 539

these strie. The lateral line of fine punctures seems to become

obsolete in depurator and its allies, and in that group the two or

three fine marginal punctures of the pronotum are also obsolete.

The meaning of these singular punctures is difficult to state, unless

they be the remains of tactilo-setigerous pores.

The following species are assigned for convenience to the groups

adopted by Dr. Horn :—

Group Arcuatus.

Margins of the prothorax fimbriate ; anterior tibiz dentate.

H. semiruber n. sp.—Stout, oblong and convex, resembling sellatus.

Head minutely, obsoletely punctulate, the frontal stria entire; mandibles

minutely, sparsely punctulate. Prothorax fully twice as wide as long; sides

moderately convergent, broadly, almost evenly arcuate from base to apex;

marginal stria fine but distinct, entire; outer lateral entire, inflexed at apex,

receding from the edge behind; inner lateral strong, nearly entire, somewhat

-uneven, the space between the two with one or two short strioles anteriorly ;

disk subimpunctate, with a short deep stria before the scutellum. Scutellum

equilateral, feebly impressed. lytra rather less than one-half longer than

the prothorax, and, at basal third, quite distinctly wider; apex obliquely

arcuate, four-fifths as wide as the base; inflexed flanks coarsely bisulcate ;

outer subhumeral stria obsolete behind, but represented by a short deep stria

near the extremity of the oblique humeral, which is fine; inner subhumeral

feebly indicated by a few subobsolete punctures near the first dorsal; first

three dorsals entire; fourth represented by a short distinct stria at base and

a few subobsolete punctures at apex; fifth and sutural entirely wanting,

sometimes rudimentary near the apex. Propygidium remotely coarsely and

variolately punctate toward the sides, subimpunctate toward the middle be-

hind; pygidium sparsely, feebly punctate, the punctures becoming larger and

clos r but shallow near the anterior angles. Prosternal lobe finely margined ;

posterior process spatuliform, received in the deep median emargination of the

mesosternum. Anterior tibie strongly bidentate, the apical tooth feebly

bilobed ; posterior confusedly spinose externally, remotely so toward base.

Length 6.0 mm.; width 4.5 mm.

Utah (southwestern). Mr. Weidt.

Allied closely to sellatus, but differing in the form of the marginal

stria of the mesosternum, which in sellatus evenly follows the rounded -

outline of the median emargination; in the present species it is pos-

teriorly and acutely angulate at the emargination ; it also differs in

its much sparser and finer pygidial sculpture especially along the

anterior margin, and in the presence of a distinct impressed appen-

540 Coleopterological Notices, V.

dage of the outer subhumeral stria near the end of the oblique

humeral, there being no vestige of this in sellatus.

H. sculpticauda n. sp.—Moderately broad, convex, resembling ulkei

in color and form. Head minutely, sparsely punctate; frontal stria entire,

transverse at apex; mandibles finely but deeply, extremely densely and con-

spicuously punctate. Prothorax not quite twice as wide as long, the sides

moderately convergent, broadly, nearly evenly arcuate from base to apex ;

marginal stria fine, entire; outer lateral entire, arcuate at apex; inner almost

entire, nearly straight, slightly approaching the outer toward base; disk

minutely, sparsely punctulate, the punctures more distinct near the basal

angles ; there is a small puncture just within the posterior extremity of the

inner stria, three minute and remote punctures along the fine marginal stria

and a short deep stria before the scutellum, the latter equilateral and unim- |

pressed. Elytra one-third longer and but slightly wider than the prothorax,

widest very near the base, the sides feebly convergent, broadly and feebly

arcuate throughout ; apex oblique, broadly rounded; inflexed flanks bisul-

cate; punctures of the lateral series extremely minute and remote; outer

subhumeral obsolete behind, represented by a short arcuate stria near the

end of the oblique humeral; inner subhumeral represented by a series of

punctures close to the first dorsal in apical third; first three dorsals entire,

moderately coarse; fourth and fifth completely wanting; sutural deep and

distinct from basal third to apical fifth. Propygidium extremely coarsely,

deeply but variolately punctate, the punctures mingled with minute punc-

tules; pygidium strongly, rather closely punctate, more finely so toward

apex. Prosternal lobe broadly, evenly rounded, finely but strongly margined ;

posterior process dilated ; mesosternum long, the emargination deep, broadly

sinuate; marginal stria entire; sides strongly convergent from the base.

Anterior tibiz strongly bidentate; posterior with two rather even external

series of spinules. Length 6.5 mm.; width 4.4 mm. )

New Mexico (Fort Wingate).

This species is allied to znstratus and ulkez, but differs in the

minutely, very densely punctate mandibles and coarse sculpture of

the pygidia; the propygidial punctures are oval, more dense and

even in distribution than in ulkez, generally separated by less than

their own dimensions, and are coarser than in any other species of

Hister known to me. The outer pronotal stria is more distant from

the margin than in either of the species mentioned. The three

small punctures along the marginal stria are present also in anstratus,

ulketi and other species, and seem to be very constant.

Group Merdarius.

Sides of the prothorax not ciliate; mesosternum emarginate ;

outer subhumeral stria entire; elytra with four subentire discal

Coleopterological Notices, V. 541

strie, the pronotum with two entire or subentire strie, the outer

distant from the margin.

This group contains a number of species, which can be distin-

guished among themselves as follows :—

Anterior tibie arcuate externally, the apical tooth smaller and distinctly less

prominent than the preceding.

Upper surface finely but distinctly and evenly punctured throughout.

harrisi Kby.

Upper surface subimpunctate, polished.

Sutural stria present in apical half more or less, either continuously or

as a Series of punctures.

Mesosternal emargination broad and extremely feeble ; sizesmall: front

With an impressed pUNCtUTE ...... 00. cc cece cee cee cesses eeeee SHY SICUS Lec.

Mesosternal emargination narrower, distinct; size Jarger ; front flat.

Narrowly oval; pygidium finely, sparsely punctate; prosternal lobe

narrowly and evenly rounded................imterruptus Beauv.

Broadly oval, the pygidium strongly and very densely punctate ;

prosternal lobe broadly truncate and subsinuate at tip.

Virginia n. sp.

Sutural stria very short, apical; prosternal lobe rounded, margined,

very coarsely punctured laterally ; pygidium strongly but not very

densely punctate; body broadly suboblong. New Jersey to Louisiana.

immumnis Er.

Anterior tibize not arcuate, the apical tooth as prominent as the preceding.

Frontal stria distinct, sometimes interrupted in the middle; outer thoracic

stria entire.

Propygidium coarsely sparsely and more or less unevenly punctate, the

interspaces smooth and impunctate...................merdarius Hofifm.

Propygidium much more finely evenly and densely punctate, the punc-

tures intermingled with others which are minute but deep and dis-

tinct.

Anterior tibiz broad, coarsely and strongly 5-dentate.....pluto n. sp.

Anterior tibiz narrower, much more finely and closely pluridentate ;

Species much smaller .............000..0000000. 00202. -- fA CTILFOMS N. sp.

Frontal stria obsolete, represented only by feeble and unevenly. discon-

nected traces toward the sides; outer thoracic stria abbreviated behind

Ne MUAY UGUNG Sle eieyatsa tisi-lonislens|ecs\enlee@/so0 veces escana seelorscurce--o7> FOLMIOM 1, Sp.

The above species are all intensely black throughout, the legs

sometimes rufescent.

Hi. wirgimize.—Broadly oval, highly polished, the minute punctules

extremely feeble and sparse. Head rather more distinctly punctulate, the

frontal stria not reéntrant, narrowly and more or less completely interrupted

in the middle. Prothorax twice as wide as long, the sides strongly convergent,

broadly and rather strongly arcuate from base to apex; fine marginal stria

542 Coleopterological Notices, V.

entire, with two small and very distant internal punctures; outer lateral

stria subentire, strongly hooked at apex; inner strong, feebly sigmoid, gener-

ally somewhat abbreviated before the base; ante-scutellar stria short but

deep. Scutellum unimpressed, small, equilateral. ilytra one-half longer

than the prothorax, and, at basal third, distinctly wider; sides arcuate;

apex feebly oblique, five-sixths as wide as the base; inflexed flanks coarsely,

sparsely punctured, with a single fine, nearly entire stria ; stri# rather coarse,

the subhumeral slightly abbreviated at base ; ninth stria composed of small

remote punctures along the convex flanks; inner sublhumeral composed of

more closely spaced punctures between the subhumeral and first dorsal, nearer

to the former; oblique humeral very fine and feeble; first four dorsals sub-

entire; fifth short, arcuate, occupying apical third; sutural represented by

a series of coarse punctures from the apex to about the middle. Propygidium

coarsely evenly and rather closely punctate throughout, the interspaces

minutely, sparsely punctate; pygidium strongly, densely punctate. Pro-

sternal lobe truncato-sinuate, with broadly rounded angles, finely margined,

deeply but not very coarsely punctate laterally. Mesosternum deeply, broadly

sinuate in median third, the marginal stria entire. Anterior tibie rather

closely 5-dentate, sometimes with a minute sixth denticle basally. Length

5.5—6.5 mm.; width 4.2—5.0 mm.

Virginia (Fredericksburg).

In view of the variations noticed in depurator, I am unable to

estimate the true value of the truncate prosternal lobe in this spe-

cies; it is however perfectly similar in the three specimens before

me. The two minute punctures along the fine marginal stria of

the pronotum are constant in size and position in these types.

H. pluto.—Rather narrowly oval, convex, polished, the punctules remote,

scarcely stronger on the head but becoming distinct punctures toward the

inner stria and basal angles of the prothorax. Head feebly impressed at the

middle of the epistoma, the frontal stria distinct, subentire, with an acutely

reéntrant angle at the middle. Prothorar quite distinctly less than twice as

wide as long; sides moderately convergent and broadly arcuate from base to

apex; fine marginal stria entire, with two minute remote internal punctures ;

outer lateral stria straight, subentire, hooked at apex; inner subentire, coarse,

slightly uneven; short ante-scutellar stria very deep. lytra nearly as long

as wide, one-half longer than the prothorax, and, before the middle, slightly

wider; sides feebly, evenly arcuate; apex distinctly oblique and narrower

than the base; intlexed flanks concave behind basal third, coarsely and

rugosely punctate; lateral convexity with an entire series of even remote

punctures ; subhumeral nearly entire, the series of punctures between it and

the first dorsal almost completely obsolete; humeral stria distinct; there is

also a short basal stria external to this and the usual internally oblique striole

from the humeral angles ; first three dorsals strong, entire; fourth abbreviated

more or less before the middle ; fifth represented by a few subapical punctures ;

sutural short, subapical. Propygidium and pygidium densely evenly and not

Coleopterological Notices, V. 543

very coarsely punctate. Prosternal lobe narrowly rounded, margined, finely

but densely and deeply punctate laterally ; mesosternum abruptly deeply and

circularly emarginate in rather more than median third; stria entire. Ante-

rior tibize very broad, 5-dentate externally, the apical tooth acute and simple

but with a small approximate denticle on the truncate apex. Length 6.6—-8.0

mm.; width 4.7-5.1 mm.

Oregon; Kansas.

The specimen from Kansas has the pronotum subimpunctate near

the striz and basal angles, but does not appear to differ otherwise

from the Oregon types.

H. fractifroms.—Somewhat narrowly oblong-oval, moderately convex,

very highly polished, the minute punctules very sparse, nut much stronger

or denser toward the sides of the pronotum. Head a little more distinctly

punctulate, the frontal stria narrowly interrupted in the middle. Prothorax

barely twice as wide as iong, the sides moderately convergent, broadly and

feebly arcuate from base to apex; marginal stria fine, entire, with two minute

internal punctures; outer lateral straight, almost entire; inner sinuate at

the middle, subentire; ante-scutellar stria feeble and extremely short. Llytra

not quite one-half longer than the prothorax, and, at basal third, where the

sides are somewhat more strongly rounded, slightly wider; apex broadly

rounded, feebly oblique; inflexed flanks flat, strongly but not very coarsely

or densely punctate; outer series of remote punctures distinct, entire; inner

series between the subhumeral and first dorsal more approximate, distinct,

extending to basal third; outer humeral fine, short, subtransverse; inner

humeral fine, oblique ; subhumeral strong, not quite attaining the base ; first

four dorsals entire, strong, the fourth only slightly abbreviated at base; fifth

and sutural very short, apical. Pygidia rather finely evenly and very closely

punctate. Prosternal lobe broadly rounded, finely and feebly margined,

finely punctate; mesosternum abruptly and circularly emarginate in rather

more than median third, the stria entire. Anterior tibie with an external

series of about seven small, closely placed teeth, formed principally by the

short coarse spinules ; posterior with an outer series of slender spinules and

an inner series of stiff sete. Length 5.5 mm.; width 3.8 mm.

California (Lake Tahoe); Oregon

A variety of this species with shorter prothorax, much more

widely interrupted frontal stria, and with slight but marked

divergence in the serrulation of the anterior tibiz, was recently

taken by Mr. Wickham in Vancouver. It may possibly be dis-

tinct, but I have at present only a single specimen.

H. mormon.—Stout, oblong-oval, convex, very highly polished, the

punctules extremely minute, sparse, coarser and distinct near the posterior

limit of the inner thoracic stria. Head scarcely more distinctly punctulate,

flat, the occiput remotely bifoveate near the thoracic edge; epistoma very

544 Coleopterological Notices, V.

broadly, feebly impressed ; stria obsolete. Prothorar nearly twice as wide as

long, the sides moderately convergent from the base, more convergent and

rounded near the apex; fine marginal stria abbreviated behind the middle,

the two marginal punctures distinct; outer lateral not entire; inner slightly

uneven, subentire ; ante scutellar stria well developed. /ytra one-half longer

than the prothorax, and, at basal third, where the sides are slightly promi-

nent, distinctly wider ; apex broadly rounded, feebly oblique; inflexed flanks

flattened, uneven, strongly but not densely punctate; onter series of punc-

tures distinct, the interstrial row distinct ; outer humeral very oblique, with

an appendage; inner humeral distinct, not extending to basal third; sub-

humeral not extending to the base, with a short oblique inferior appendage

at the basal end; first three dorsals strong, entire; fourth obsolete in basal

half; fifth and sutural represented by disconnected subapical punctures ; there

are also several short uneven oblique strie along the apex of each elytron, of

which one between the first and second dorsals is especially distinct. Pygidia

densely evenly and not very coarsely punctate. Prosternal lobe broadly

rounded, strongly margined, finely, closely punctured ; mesosternum broadly

sinuate in median third, the stria deep and entire. Anterior tibie with four

strong, widely spaced teeth, of which the apical is bifid, and two minute sub-

basal denticles ; posterior with series of spinules on the acute edge, the outer

series feeble, irregular and in great part discal. Length 7.5 mm.; width

5.3 mm.

Utah.

This appears to be quite an isolated species of large size; it forms

a satisfactory transition to the next group.

Group Fedatus.

This group is really a part of the preceding, the characters

throughout being similar, except that the external of the lateral

thoracic strie is more or less decidedly abbreviated, being some-

times altogether wanting; the extent of this stria is however a

variable feature, and it is always more or less inconstant even

within specific limits. The species are all intense black and pol-

ished, and generally smaller than the allies of merdarius; they

are also more closely allied among themselves. Those known at

present may be thus distinguished :—

Outer lateral stria of the pronotum distinct, though much abbreviated.

Sutural stria generally longer than the fifth dorsal and attaining the middle.

Form narrowly oval, the punctures of the propygidium coarse and strongly

ALTMWLLTICATC 's/.0is0-eesledeonaeann site tea . umbilicatus n. sp.

Form broadly oval, ie propyeiial resis fine and very dense;

ely tral strice much, COaPSeriisisas/siiels abenteonsse car acoides . foedatus Lec.

Coleopterological Notices, V. 545

Sutural stria generally short, equal to the fifth dorsal and not attaining the

middle.

Form broadly oval, the inner lateral stria of the pronotum very broadly

PMGIVATC Abt ACK vssicniieners cecicceancceesevessese cps seresees MUGSOMICUS D. sp.

Form narrowly oval, the inner stria strong and narrowly arcuate at apex ;

propygidial punctures fine even and extremely dense.

UM DLrOSUS N. sp.

Outer lateral stria completely obsolete, or represented by a few small discon-

nected punctures anteriorly.

Elytra with four entire dorsal strie, the fourth inwardly arcuate at base;

SIMO VOU ROW All rece scans se saicleca€selsaniaes\seslece’ses ane iseisce)se . UMICUS DN. sp.

Elytra with three entire era strie, the ean more or Hee abbreviated at

base.

Form broadly oval, the pronotum punctate toward the lateral stria, the

space between the stria and the lateral edges more or less convex.

Fourth dorsal stria abbreviated before the middle.

marginicollis Lec.

Fourth dorsal very nearly attaining the base............cogmatus Lec.

Form oblong, subparallel, the pronotum subimpunctate toward the lateral

stria, the latter more distant from the edge, the enclosed space flatter ;

fine marginal stria entire and inflexed at base............remotus Lec.

The characters of marginicollts are taken from published descrip-

tions, but the fine marginal stria of the pronotum is probably similar

to that of cognatus, where it is greatly abbreviated and very different

from that of remotus; feedatus probably does not extend to the

Pacific Coast, but is replaced there by the more narrowly oblong

umbrosus. I have taken remotus at San Francisco.

H. umbilicatus.—Narrowly oval, the sides evenly arcuate; minute

punctules feeble, only slightly more evident toward the sides of the pronotum.

Head even, not impressed, obsoletely punctulate, the frontal stria entire,

transverse at apex. Prothorax not quite twice as wide as long, the sides

_ strongly convergent and almost evenly but feebly arcuate; fine marginal

stria abbreviated at the middle, the marginal punctures almost obsolete ;

outer lateral stria greatly abbreviated ; inner strong, more or less abbreviated

at base; ante-scutellar stria very small, feeble. lytra one-half longer than

the prothorax, and, before the middle, distinctly wider, the sides evenly

arcuate; apex rather strongly oblique, feebly rounded; inflexed flanks con-

cave, scarcely punctate, finely unistriate ; marginal series of punctures feeble,

not extending before the middle, the interstrial series feeble ; subhumeral

stria subentire, with an oblique inferior basal appendage; outer humeral

fine; inner extending to basal fourth; dorsals moderately coarse, the first

three entire; fourth slightly abbreviated at base; fifth present in apical

third, the sutural in about apical half. Propygidium coarsely, closely punctate,

the pygidium less coarsely but extremely densely and polygonally cribrate ;

546 Coleopterological Notices, V.

all the punctures strongly umbilicate. Prosternal lobe finely but distinctly

margined, narrowly rounded ; mesosternum feebly but abruptly and circularly

emarginate in median third, the stria entire. Anterior tibie with five small

acute teeth, the apical double. Length 4.4—5.5 mm.; width 2.9-3.4 mm.

California (Marin Co.).

In one of the two specimens before me the outer thoracic stria is

only a short straight line in apical fourth, not arcuate at apex; in

the other it extends to, or a little beyond, the middle and is in-

wardly arcuate at apex; there is however no other perceptible

difference, except in size and in the fact that the first mentioned

has the mesosternal stria imperfectly interrupted in the middle.

Another specimen, taken at San Francisco, is almost similar but has

the punctures of the propygidium still coarser, less umbilicate and

very noticeably less dense, in fact rather sparse, and the sutural

stria shorter.

H. hudsonicus.—Broadly oval, convex, the minute punctules extremely

feeble and sparse, becoming distinct punctures toward the apices of the elytra

and very near the deep pronotal stria. Head obsoletely punctulate, feebly

convex, unimpressed, the frontal stria deep and coarse, entire but somewhat

uneven, feebly reéntrant at apex. Prothorax twice as wide as long, the sides

strongly convergent, strongly, almost evenly arcuate from base to apex, the

fine marginal stria entire; two marginal punctures distinct; outer lateral

stria straight, extending almost to the middle, hooked at apex; inner coarse

and subentire, nearly even, feebly crenulate along the apex; ante-scutellar

stria very short: but coarse. Elytra distinctly wider than long, about one-

half longer than the prothorax, at or just before the middle a little wider ;

sides broadly, evenly arcuate; inflexed flanks unevenly punctate, unevenly

unistriate; punctures of the lateral series fine, the interstrial series almost

obsolete ; outer humeral feeble, subtransverse; inner feeble, deeper at base ;

subhumeral strong, punctulate, subentire, with a transverse inner basal

appendage and another oblique and inferior; dorsals coarse, subpunctulate,

the first three entire; fourth slightly abbreviated at base; fifth and sutural

equal and apical. Propygidium coarsely deeply densely and evenly punctate,

the pygidium more finely but deeply, very densely so. Prosternal lobe evenly

rounded, strongly margined, coarsely punctate laterally ; mesosternum trun-

cate, broadly, feebly emarginate in the middle, the stria deep close and entire,

subpunctate. Anterior tibie arcuate externally, with about six small serri-

form teeth, principally formed by the short stout spinules; posterior with two

even series of slender spines, the inner setiform. Length 6.0 mm.; width

4.7 mm.

New York.

Somewhat resembles fadatus, but readily distinguishable by its

larger size, more broadly arcuate inner pronotal stria at the apical

Coleopterological Notices, V. 547

angles, margined prosternal lobe, more strongly emarginate meso-

sternum, shorter sutural stria, more coarsely punctured propygidium

and several other characters.

H. umbrosus.—Oblong, convex, the minute punctules invisible on the

elytra but distinct and moderately close over the entire surface of the prono-

tum, with a few stronger punctures near the middle of, and behind, the inner

stria. Head minutely punctulate, unimpressed, the frontal stria entire,

transverse at apex. Prothorax twice as wide as long, the sides rather strongly

convergent and evenly arcuate from base to apex; fine marginal stria abbre-

viated at the middle, the two marginal punctures visible; outer lateral stria

straight, extending to the middle but scarcely at all hooked at apex; inner

Subentire, coarse, nearly straight ; ante-scutellar stria short, strong. Flytra

two-thirds longer than the prothorax and but little wider, the sides evenly,

feeblv arcuate; inflexed flanks minutely, strongly punctulate and convex

anteriorly, abruptly, longitudinally excavated, smooth, more coarsely but

sparsely punctate behind, unistriate throughout; lateral series of punctures

only visible toward apex; outer humeral stria feeble, subtransverse ; inner

rather long, continued to apex by the interstrial series of punctures which

are feeble; subhumeral subentire, inwardly hooked at base, the inferior

oblique appendage feeble; dorsals rather coarse, the first three entire; fourth

abbreviated at base; fifth and sutural equal, apical. Propygidium not very

coarsely, densely and evenly punctate, the pygidium scarcely more finely,

extremely densely so. Prosternal lobe rounded, feebly margined ; meso-

sternum broadly truncate, the median emargination rather shallow; stria

entire. Anterior tibiz arcuate externally, pluridentate, the teeth small,

serriform, formed principally by the stout spinules; posterior with an outer

series of spinules and an inner row of rather long, stiff, close-set sete. Length

4.4-5.4 mm.; width 3.3-3.7 mm.

Oregon.

May be distinguished from fadatus by its more elongate and

oblong form, more strongly punctulate entire disk of the pronotum,

shorter sutural stria, more strongly emarginate mesosternum and

less transverse elytra. It is however closely allied to fedatus, the

principal differential character being the obviously narrower and

oblong outline. Three specimens.

H. umicus.—Broadly oval, rather strongly convex, the punctulation

completely obsolete on the elytra and nearly so on the pronotum, the latter

strongly closely and rather coarsely punctate in a broad area along the lateral

stria, equally broadly from apex to base, the convex surface thence to the

lateral edge minutely but distinctly punctulate. Head subimpunctate, un-

impressed, the stria strong, eutire, the transverse apical part feebly sinuate

throughout. Prothorax rather smal}, fully twice as wide as long, the sides

strongly convergent and evenly arcuate from base to apex; fine marginal stria

548 Coleopterological Notices, V.

entire, distinct, the marginal punctures obsolete; lateral stria strong, sub-

entire, straight and somewhat crenulate, especially along the transverse apex ;

ante-scutellar stria extremely short, punctiform. Flytra transverse, one-half

longer than the prothorax, and, at the middle, rather mere than one-fifth

wider; sides evenly and strongly arcuate; inflexed flanks flattened and feebly

punctate posteriorly, the single stria much coarser in the flattened area; mar-

ginal series of distant punctures obsolete; interstrial row subobsolete; outer

humeral short, oblique, feeble; inner rather long, fine, extending beyond

basal third; subhumeral rather coarse, subentire, feebly arcuate basally,

with a fine oblique inferior appendage only; dorsals coarse and deep, the

first four entire, the fourth arcuate at base halfway to the scutellum ; fifth

and sutural finer, short, equal and apical; surface near the base of the first

dorsal distinctly and broadly impressed. Propygidium rather coarsely evenly

and very densely punctate, the pygidium strongly, very densely so toward

base, gradually more finely and obsoletely toward tip. Prosternal lobe broadly

rounded, subtransverse and strongly margined at apex; mesosternal emargi-

nation very feeble and broadly rounded. Anterior tibie arcuate externally,

and with about six small spiculiform teeth ; spinules of the posterior small

but rather close-set. Length 4.5 mm.; width 3.6 mm.

New York (Catskill Mts.).

Readily distinguishable by the broadly oval form with subin-

flated elytra, and by the pronotai sculpture; from marginicollis

it may be known by the entire and basally arcuate fourth dorsal

stria and very densely punctate propygidium.

Group Abbreviatus.

Resembles the preceding, but with the subhumeral stria greatly

abbreviated, interrupted or obsolete. The anterior tibiw are

minutely serrulate externally, sometimes almost mutic. The two

species here described may be known from any of the others by the

coloration, which is similar to that of maivlaris -—

H. electus n. sp.—Oblong-oval, thick, convex, the punctulation extremely

minute and sparse, the pronotum strongly, densely punctate along the basal

margin, gradually more narrowly to the middle; elytra red and black. Head

feebly punctulate, very broadly and feebly concave anteriorly ; stria entire,

the apical part wide and feebly sinuate. Prothorax twice as wide as long, the

sides feebly convergent and nearly straight to beyond the middle, then more

rapidly rounded ; fine marginal stria entire; three marginal punctures very

feeble ; outer lateral stria strongly hooked at apex, extending only to apical

third ; inner subentire, nearly straight, very distant from the sides anteriorly,

gradually approaching the edge posteriorly; ante-scutellar stria very short,

strong. Scutellum small, equilateral. lytra wider than long, not quite one-

half longer than the prothorax, and, at basal third, scarcely perceptibly

}

;

Coleopterological Notices, V. 549

wider; inflexed flanks feebly concave, sparsely, finely punctate, unevenly

bistriate; lateral series of punctures feeble, present in apical half only ; outer

subhumeral completely wanting ; inner represented by a feeble row of scarcely

perceptible punctures ; outer humeral feeble, subtransverse ; inner very short

and feeble, longitudinal and coarse at base; dorsal strie moderately coarse,

feebly crenulate within, the first three entire; fourth and fifth subequal, not

extending to the middle; sutural but little longer; all the strie ending

abruptly at a considerable distance from the posterior margin. Propygidium

rather coarsely, extremely densely punctate, the punctures contiguous, a

small area at each side near the base impunctate ; pygidium but slightly less

coarsely, very densely punctate, subimpunctate at tip. Prosternal lobe

finely, sparsely punctate, broadly rounded, scarcely at all margined at apex ;

mesosternal sinus deep, the stria entire. Anterior tibie with five or six small

external denticles formed by the robust spinules. Length 5.5 mm.; width

3.7 mm.

Washington State.

The coloration will distinguish electus from any other species

except the following, but in the complete absence of the subhumeral

stria it is allied to czvilzs; the latter is much less convex.

H. oregonus n. sp.—Narrowly oblong, convex ; minute punctules obso-

lete, the pronotum punctate along the base as in electus. Head impuuctulate,

broadly, feebly concave anteriorly, the stria entire, the apical part very long

and nearly straight. Prothorax notably less than twice as wide as long; sides

parallel and nearly straight in basal half, gradually rounded and convergent

anteriorly ; fine marginal stria distinct, entire, slightly incurved at base;

three marginal punctures almost completely obsolete; outer lateral stria

slightly hooked at apex, extending nearly to the middle; inner subentire,

distant from, but nearly parallel to, the sides, sinuate in the middle; surface

between the two strie distinctly but finely, unevenly punctate. lytra not

more than one-third longer than the prothorax, and, near basal fourth, where

the sides are a little more strongly rounded, only slightly wider; inflexed

flanks with a broad dilated sulcus, which is coarsely and rugulosely sculp-

tured, the second stria not distinct; inner humeral stria very feeble, short,

with a fine detached basal appendix; strie otherwise as in electus, except that

the dorsals are finer and not crenulate, and the sutural extending to basal

third. Propygidium not very coarsely but deeply, very densely punctate, with

two distant impunctate spots near the base; pygidium scarcely, more finely,

equally densely punctate, gradually becoming subimpunctate behind basal

two-fifths, especially along the middle. Anterior tibie triangular, with a

prolonged outwardly oblique bifid terminal tooth, but without trace of further

Serration, except a minute isolated denticuliform spinule near basal third ;

posterior tibie rather narrow but strongly, closely, biseriately spinulose.

Length 4.4 mm.; width 2.7 mm.

Oregon.

550 Coleopterological Notices, V.

The sterna are nearly as in electus, to which this species is closely

allied. It differs in the deep, coarsely sculptured and dilated sulcus

of the elytral flanks, structure of the anterior tibie#, in the smaller,

more narrowly oblong and parallel body, more finely sculptured

pygidia, longer sutural stria, subparallel inner thoracic stria and in

several other features.

PHELISTER Mars.

The small species separated under this name by Marseul are

peculiarly American and may prove to be tolerably numerous in

the United States. Of those described thus far, eneomicans and

venustus are metallic zeneous and greenish-blue respectively. Of

the non-metallic species gentzlis has all the striz entire, the sutural

and next dorsal joined at base; subrotundus has the sutural stria

alone abbreviated, the inner dorsal not hooked at base; vernus and

sauniert have the inner dorsal and sutural striae equally abbrevi-

ated at base, the former represented at base by a puncture, the

fourth dorsal not hooked at base; the last two species must be very

closely allied if distinct.

P. geometricus n.sp.—Broadly oval, rather feebly convex, highly

polished, impunctate except a broad line of coarse punctures along the sides

of the pronotum, dark rufo-castaneous, the elytra piceous-black except at

apex. Head small, feebly concave, the stria feeble. Prothorax twice as wide

as long, the sides moderately convergent and nearly straight, becoming more

convergent and arcuate near the apex; fine marginal stria entire ; submarginal

fine, very close to the edge, abbreviated at the middle, broadly, inwardly

hooked at apex ; subapical stria crenulate, reflexed at the extremities. Hlytra

one half longer, and, before the middle, quite distinctly wider than the pro-

thorax ; sides evenly rounded ; apex narrow, scarcely more than three-fourths

as wide as the base; inflexed flanks finely crenulato-bistriate; inner and

outer humeral strie excessively faint; subhumerals completely wanting ;

dorsals rather coarse, punctulate ; first four entire, the fourth strongly hooked

halfway to the scutellum at base; fifth and sutural abbreviated at basal third.

Propygidiu:n moderately coarsely, densely and evenly punctate the punctures

almost contiguous ; pygidium very minutely and rather sparsely punctate.

Prosternal strie becoming subparallel ; posterior margin not distinctly sinuate ;

mesosternum evenly, transversely truncate at apex. Antennal fossz very deep.

Length 2.0 mm.; width 1.5 mm.

Texas (Austin).

Readily distinguishable from vernus by the hooked fourth dorsal

stria, impunctate surface and truncate mesosternum. One specimen.

Coleopterological Notices, V. 551

PLATYSOMA Leach.

The following species is allied to lecontez :—

P. tabella n. sp.—Oblong, broad, parallel, depressed, highly polished,

impunctate except along the sides of the pronotum, where the punctures are

rather small but deep and sparse, closer smaller and more uneven near the

apical angles. Head broadly, feebly concave anteriorly ; stria fine but entire,

convergent toward base. FProthorax not quite twice as wide as long, the sub-

marginal stria entire coarse and deep; transverse apical stria extending to the

apical part of the submarginal, where it is feebly reflexed. lytra three-

fourths longer and scarcely visibly wider than the prothorax ; inflexed flanks

closely bisulcate ; humeral stria feeble, diverging but slightly from the first

dorsal; dorsals rather fine but deep, impunctate, the first four entire; fifth

and sutural short, not quite extending to the middle. Propygidium rather

coarsely but sparsely punctate, finely so in the middle; pygidium rather

coarsely but sparsely punctate, the punctures shallow and becoming small

toward tip. Prosternal lobe large, very broadly rounded, minutely margined

at apex ; mesosternum broadly, distinctly sinuate at apex, the marginal stria

fine but entire. Anterior tibiz acutely and strongly 4-dentate. Length 4.0

mm.; width 2.0 mm.

Indiana ?

Differs from lecontez not only in its larger size, but in the per-

fectly entire fourth dorsal stria and in the apical angles of the pro-

thorax, which are less transversely rounded and more anteriorly

prominent. The locality is possibly somewhat doubtful, as the

single specimen had no label in the Levette cabinet. There is no

corresponding Mexican species however.

EPIERUS Erichs.

The species of Epierus present but little diversity of appearance,

but may be readily separated by the following structural charac-

ters :—

Elytra with all the strie entire, the fifth and especially the sutural, some-

times very feeble or obsolescent toward base.

Fifth dorsal and sutural strie distinct and strong to the base.

Inflexed flanks of the elytra strongly bisulcate ; body strongly convex.

Form broadly oval; pygidium extremely finely and feebly punctulate ;

prosternal strie widely separated (nigrellus Say).

reguiaris Beauv.

Form more narrowly oval; pygidium distinctly but sparsely punctate

anteriorly; prosternal strie narrowly separated and less divergent

UIUC O Miva ite Mas sheers seh gus cgosivisleismcidee Mes elivisenose, comlyacaupeseecs WCE ERS. Lec.

552 Coleopterological Notices, V.

Inflexed flanks not bisulcate, unistriate or with a line of confused punc-

tures.

Body convex.

ween and pronotum more coarsely and strongly punctate.

novellus Zimm.

Pygidium and pronotum very finely punctulate; prosternal strie

becoming parallel and very close, not divergent anteriorly.

pulicarius Er.

Body subdepressed, elliptical; prosternal strie feebly divergent ante-

riorly from the middle ; subhumeral stria nearly straight, not inferior.

ellipticus Lec.

Fifth dorsal and sutural striz subobsolete near the hase, the former however

always traceable; body strongly depressed ; male with a small corni-

form frontal process ; prosternal strie very distant and strongly diver-

gent anteriorly from the middle; sternal suture simple; mesosternal

stria entire; apical stria of the pronotum broadly interrupted.

Short, broadly oval; prosternum extremely minutely, sparsely punctu-

late, the apical lobe not margined; elytra without trace of the inner

subhumeral stria; pygidium indistinctly punctulate (decipiens Lec.,

ROUSUUUS NOUN aienaiccateateeeteelactisets oeiaetee o(oeie chiara aiemettes . Dianulus Er.

Elongate, narrowly oval ; prosternum donee ane anon punctulate,

the apical lobe finely, deeply margined; elytra with the inner sub-

humeral distinct in apical half and very close to the first dorsal;

pygidium finely but strongly and distinctly punctate.

cornutus 0. sp.

Elytra with the fifth dorsa] and sutural completely obliterated in basal third;

body short, strongly convex; transverse sternal suture double.

subtropicus n. sp.

In most of the species the two minute marginal punctures of the

pronotum referred to under the various species of Hister, are evi-

dent and constant.

E. cornutus.—Rather elongate, oblong-oval, depressed, shining, black,

the tarsi dark rufous; antenne piceo-rufous, the club pale flavo-testaceous ;

integuments very finely, densely punctate throughout. Head not margined,

more prominent at the sides above the antenne; clypeus large, nearly verti-

cal, with a short erect process at apex, bearing a short stiff seta, the clypeal

suture feeble. Prothorax almost twice as wide as long, the sides feebly con-

vergent, broadly, feebly arcuate throughout; marginal stria deep, inferiorly

arcuate in the middle of the sides, broadly interrupted at apex ; two marginal

punctures distinct; disk with a very obsolete impression along the median

line in nearly basal half. lytra as long as wide, twice as long as the pro-

thorax and only very slightly wider; sides evenly, feebly arcuate; base

broadly, angularly emarginate throughout; inflexed flanks unistriate ; mar-

ginal stria inferior, gradually ascending near the base; outer subhumeral

represented by a few remote punctures ; inner distinct toward apex and with

Coleopterological Notices, V. 553

traces at base which appear to be independent of the oblique humeral, the

latter distinct ; dorsals strong, finely punctate within, entire ; sutural obso-

lescent at base. Fropygidium finely but strongly, rather closely, the pygidium

more sparsely but equally distinctly punctate, the punctures intermixed with

others which are minute. Prosternum strongly, remotely bistriate ; meso-

sternum broadly, feebly sinuato-truncate; marginal stria entire. Length

2.3—2.5 mm.; width 1.2-1.3 mm.

New Mexico (Las Vegas).

Resembles planulus, but remarkably distinct by reason of the

characters stated in the table. It is allied also to longulus, and

there are probably several other species having the clypeus simi-

lary tuberculate in the male. Three specimens.

In this species the marginal stria is the ninth, and is represented

only by a row of distant punctures in Hister; the two or three

remote and evanescent punctures on the convex flanks here repre-

sent the outer subhumeral, and the inner subhumeral evidently at-

tains the basal margin irrespective of the oblique inner humeral.

E. subtropicus.—broadly oval, strongly convex, highly polished, black

throughout; antennal club very pale. Head minutely, closely punctate,

equally prominent throughout the width between the antenne; clypeus

large, slightly inflexed, more densely punctate, the suture transverse and

very fine; apical margin slightly tuberculate at the middle. /Prothorax fully

twice as wide as long; sides strongly convergent, a little more arcuate toward

apex ; marginal stria straight, not interrupted at apex ; disk uniformly, finely

but strongly and not densely punctate, the punctures coarser at the basal

margin, rather broadly so in the middle. Elytra distinctly shorter than wide,

not quite twice as long as the prothorax, and, near the middle, quite distinctly

wider ; sides evenly, distinctly arcuate; disk very minutely, evenly, sparsely

but distinctly punctulate, less strongly than the pronotum; inflexed flanks

unistriate ; lateral stria entirely inferior. only slightly ascendent toward base;

outer subhumeral wanting, the inner represented only by a short trace near

the middle; oblique humeral fine but long; dorsal strie not very coarse,

abrupt, not distinctly punctate; first three entire; fourth not quite attaining

the base; fifth and sutural abruptly abbreviated, the sutural also abbreviated

before the apex. Propygidium finely but strongly, not densely punctate, the

pygidium large, flat, with the punctures fine deep and rather close. Pro-

sternum with the deflexed lobe very short, wide, strongly and finely margined

at apex, the intercoxal strie distant, becoming subparallel and slightly abbre-

viated anteriorly ; mesosternum with a broad and shallow emargination, the

apical stria broadly interrupted. Intersternal suture widely double, the

anterior line broadly subangulate throughout the width, distinct, evenly

crenulate, extending anteriorly two-thirds to the emargination ; posterior line

almost obliterated. Length 2.3 mm.; width 1.6 mm.

Florida.

Annats N. Y. Acap. Scr., VII, Dec. 1893.— 36

554 Coleopterological Notices, V.

This species is possibly the same as that which is identified in

our lists as the Colombian brunnipennis of Marseul; it differs

greatly from brunnipennis, irrespective of color, in its non-inter-

rupted apical stria of the pronotum and by the widely interrupted

mesosternal stria.

CARCINOPS Mars.

This genus is well distinguished from Paromalus by the distinct

scutellum and striate elytra. In conjunctus and opuntiz the fine

sculpture is very remarkable, the minute punctulation in the former

being arranged in short transverse lines, each consisting of two or

three minute approximate points, and in the latter, in more rounded

clusters of two or three. In some of the allied species the minute

punctures, although simple, bear evidence from their somewhat

irregular outlines, of being an incipient stage of the clustered points

of opuntie. Conjunctus is abundant at Fredericksburg, Virginia

The species allied to gilensts by the partial obliteration of the

subhumeral stria, may be distinguished among themselves as fol-

lows :—

Surface convex, the prothorax longer, barely twice as wide as long.

Subhumeral stria obsolete ; size larger, more oblong-elongate.

gilensis Lec.

Subhumeral represented behind by a fine stria or series of punctures.

Broadly oval; outer subhumeral at base—near the oblique humeral—

long and ceinoren aisice lub Ge iebeidenasimiaatic cueneeeerencls - consors Lec.

Narrowly oval, Seine ‘the oe Sabha een at base by a

deep elongate PUNCTUTLE ....... cc. ccc cescceccecessevecees PAPASOAMA DN. Sp.

Surface depressed ; size smaller; prothorax much shorter, more than twice

AS Wide AS LONG ...cscsc ces ver cecccewoe vee ses eeciereses ood semahecy codes COMONCH MR umer:

Corticalis is apparently not the same as tenellus Er., the size

being much smaller, and the prothorax is still shorter according to

the figure of Marseul. The width given by Marseul for tenellus is

1.5 mm., while the largest specimen of corticalis which I have seen

is not more than 1.0 mm. wide; Marseul is however somewhat

uncertain in his measurements. Of 14-striatus I have a specimen

taken in Lake Co., California; it is doubtless cosmopolitan.

-C. papagoana.—Narrowly oblong-oval, black, the legs and antenne

dark rufous, polished, the minute punctulation sparse, scarcely visible, sim-

ple, with stronger sparse punctures only narrowly along the elytral apex and

Coleopterological Notices, V. 555

broadly, unevenly at the sides of the pronotum. Head evenly, feebly convex,

not at all impressed, finely, sparsely punctulate, the punctures larger and

minute intermingled, distinctly striate along the lateral edges almost to the

front. rothorax not quite twice as wide as long, the sides feebly convergent

and nearly straight in basal two-thirds, more rounded and convergent at

apex; marginal stria deep, entire, continuous along the apex. Elytra but

little wider than the prothorax, three-fourths longer, the apex two-thirds as

wide as the base; sides broadly, evenly arcuate; inflexed flanks strongly

bistriate; inner subhumeral represented by a feeble series of uneven punc-

tures; oblique humeral short and very fine; dorsals coarse, deeply impressed

and finely crenulate ; first four entire; fifth and sutural abbreviated at basal

third. Propygidium rather coarsely deeply and densely punctate, except

near the hind margin; pygidium finely but deeply, sparsely and unevenly

punctate, also with intermingled minute punctules ; stria attaining the basal

angles. Prosternal lobe large, subquadrate, finely, dually punctulate ; inter-

coxal part strongly bistriate ; mesosternum broadly, very teebly sinuate, the

marginal stria very broadly, posteriorly angulate. Anterior tibie strongly

bidentate. Length 1.9-—2.2 mm.; width 1.2-1.25 mm.

Arizona (Benson).

Three specimens. In this genus there is no true antennal fossa,

the antenne being simply protected by the anterior legs when the

latter are folded into the large crural excavation toward the sides

of the prothorax beneath.

PAROMALUS Erichs.

The species of this genus inhabiting the United States may be

outlined as follows :—

Prosternum with two long deep strie ; body larger, strongly depressed.

2 gequalis Say.

Prosternum not striate, except sometimes feebly or partially ; body smaller,

narrower and more convex.

Elytra without trace of sutural stria.

Elytra with two deeply impressed oblique striz sublaterally at base.

bistriatus Er.

Elytra with the oblique striz very feeble or obsolete.

Form cylindrical, short, resembling Teretrius americanus; prosternum

HUE MEY clcctrdsisieatsioa asic esniales Sceecieen santos casisntieercesteanearses on COMEGS Lec.

Form oblong-oval.

Punctures small, much finer than in difficilis.............debDilis Lee.

Punctures strong but sparse, fully as large as in difficilis but more

MUISUA IME ieelahejeutleontans eecietleseaiecole als cue paver des cos esscuewseiesc MMMAMNCUES i. Sp.

Elytra with a distinct abbreviated sutural stria.

Prosternum with two long feeble and interrupted strie; pygidium merely

with a few fine vermiculate lines in the male; form oval, more convex,

556 Coleopterological Notices, V.

smaller, the elytra subinflated at basal fourth, and distinctly wider than

the prothorax; sides of the latter more convergent from the base.

seminulum Er.

Prosternum without striz, or with two very short striz posteriorly ; form

oblong-oval, the elytra but slightly wider than the prothorax.

Subdepressed, the elytra not quite as long as wide....difficilis Horn.

Rather more convex and elongate, the elytra longer and more nar-

rowed at apex, fully as long as wide............... COMpleXUS N. sp.

I cannot distinguish estriatus and affinis of LeConte from xqualis,

in which species there is considerable sexual disparity, some speci-

mens—probably the males—being more narrowed posteriorly than

others. Mqualis is very different in general appearance from the

other species of the table.

The species above identified as seminulum is common in the Mis-

sissippi Valley and North Carolina, but does not agree very well

with Marseul’s figure, where the elytra are represented as only

slightly more than one-half longer than the prothorax ; in the speci-

mens before me the elytra are twice as long as the prothorax, and

there are several other notable differences.

P. mancus.—Narrowly oblong, moderately convex, black, polished,

strongly but sparsely punctate, more finely and closely on the pronotum.

Head even, finely punctate ; marginal stria fine but entire, following the sub-

lateral sinuations. Prothorax scarcely more than three-fourths wider than

long; sides very feebly convergent and scarcely arcuate, becoming gradually

more arcuate and distinctly convergent toward apex; marginal groove deep,

entire, unbroken along the apex; punctures toward the sides scarcely at all

larger but sensibly closer; base transverse. lytra fully as Iong as wide, not

much more than twice as long as the prothorax and only just visibly wider ;

sides feebly arcuate; apex three-fourths as wide as the base; inflexed flanks

with a fine subcariniform entire stria, continuing unbroken around the apical

angles, forming an apical stria which is curved slightly forward at the suture

and then obliterated ; two oblique strize very feeble, the outer traceable far

behind the middle. Propygidium finely, not densely punctate, the pygidium

very minutely, less distinctly but less sparsely so, in one of the sexes with a

few central vermiculate erosions. Prosternum with the lobe broadly rounded,

not margined and finely, sparsely punctate, flattened behind, without trace

of striw, the process rounded ; mesosternum not striate at apex, the emargina-

tion distinct; lateral strie coarse; surface with a broadly trapeziform stria

behind the emargination. Anterior tibize broad, semi-circularly rounded ex-

ternally, and with four small acute equal and equidistant teeth, the apex

broadly oblique and straight. Length 2.1-2.25 mm.; width 1.0-1.15 mm.

California (Humboldt Co.).

A little larger than b¢striatus and with a broader prosternum.

The suture between the meso- and metasterna is singularly and

Coleopterological Notices, V. 557

variously modified in this genus; in bistrzatus, for example, it

becomes broadly double, the anterior margin strongly biarcuate ;

the trapeziform stria of mancus is also a peculiar and very different

modification. Three specimens.

P. complexus.—Oblong-oval, moderately convex, polished, piceous-

black, the legs and antenne rufous; punctures of the head and pronotum

very fine, sparse, even, of the elytra stronger but fine and rather sparser.

Head not impressed, the marginal stria extremely fine and feeble but entire.

Prothorax three-fourths wider than long, the sides feebly convergent and just

visibly arcuate, becoming more convergent and arcuate toward the apex;

marginal stria eutire, not interrupted at apex. lytra nearly as long as wide,

three-fourths longer than the prothorax, and, before the middle, only very

slightly wider; marginal stria with a row of distinct punctures ‘internally,

extending along the apex almost to the suture; oblique basal strie feeble ;

sutural strong, straight, extending to basal third. Propygidium finely but

deeply, evenly and rather closely punctate, the pygidium finely, about equally

closely so, almost entirely occupied, except in basal fourth, by a large and

very deep, circular excavation, which is longitudinally divided along the

middle by a compressed carina, the bottom of the excavation coarsely granulose,

two or three of the tubercles near the posterior extremity being large and

prominent. Prosternum prominent and rounded behind, with two very short

subapical strize, the lobe large, strongly deflexed, not margined and more

strongly punctate; mesosternum not margined at apex, the emargination

deep; transverse suture feebly double, the anterior line unevenly, feebly

bicuspid. Anterior tibize with four nearly equidistant external teeth. Length

1.9 mm.; widh 1.0 mm.

Alabama.

The single type is probably a male, the sculpture of the pygidium

being very remarkable. Compleaxus is allied to seminulum, but in

the male of that species the pygidium is simply vermiculate.

ONTHOPHILUS Leach.

The following species is allied to lecontet :—

O. soltaui n. sp.—Evenly oval, moderately convex, polished, black, the

legs rufo-piceous. Head finely, strongly, very densely punctate, more sparsely

and coarsely so in the feeble impression between the slightly oblique latero-

fronta] ridges; epistoma large, evenly convex, trapezoidal, the suture obso-

lete. Prothorax twice as wide as long, the sides straight and parallel to the

middle, then abruptly, strongly convergent and straight to the apex, the apical

- angles slightly obtuse and scarcely at all rounded ; disk strongly but not very

coarsely or closely punctate, the punctures somewhat uneven, large and small

in size; lateral margin thickened and strongly, abruptly reflexed; lateral

558 Coleopterological Notices, V.

ridge strong, becoming attenuated and outwardly curvate anteriorly in the

direction of the apical angle, attaining apical fifth, perfectly straight and

feebly, outwardly oblique throughout posteriorly, attaining the base; remain-

ing ridges only feebly traceable, on each side one fine and basal, near the

lateral ridge, another attaining neither base nor apex, and a third near the

middle in apical half. £lytra more distinctly rounded in basal third, behind

the base quite distinctly wider than the prothorax, more than twice as long,

nearly as long as wide, each with seven strong fine and even ridges, the inter-

Spaces coarsely grooved, the grooves remotely, not strongly punctate and

enclosed each by two fine, less elevated carine; inflexed flanks coarsely,

strongly punctato-reticulate, with an abrupt deep and remotely punctate

groove near the lateral ridge, inferiorly arcuate near the base, not attaining

the latter, the carina fine only visible in basal fifth. Propygidium not twice as

wide as long, strongly, rather closely but not very coarsely punctate, somewhat

strongly carinate ; pygidium very strongly inflexed, longer than wide, strongly,

rather closely and unevenly punctate, the punctures finer toward apex. Pro-

sternum wide, coarsely but sparsely punctate; mesosternum broadly, strongly

cuspid at apex, fitting closely into the prosternum, very coarsely, somewhat

closely punctate. Legs long, slender; tarsi notably elongate, the ungues

very long slender and feebly arcuate. Length 3.0 mm.; width 2.2 mm.

Colorado (Denver).

Two specimens taken by Mr. Hugo Soltau, one of which he has

kindly placed in my cabinet. From lecontez this species differs

greatly in the broadly but strongly angulate sides of the protho-

rax, and in the wholly different form of the strong lateral ridges

of the pronotum.

ANAPLEUS Horn.

The two species in my cabinet may be readily known as fol-

lows :—

Evenly oval, the elytral apex narrow, less than one-half of the maximum

width ; prosternum between the coxe rather wider than long; punctures

throughout very coarse and Strong... ...ceececcseeses . Marginatus Lec.

More oblong-oval ; elytral apex ‘aay one- half of ihe maximum width ; pro-

sternum narrower between the coxe, about as long as wide; punciuatian

less coarse and more Superficial............s0eeeeeeeeeeeeees COMpPACTUS DN. sp.

These two species can be readily discriminated by certain pecu-

liarities of facies, which are difficult to describe exactly.

A.compactus.—Oblong-subrotund, rufo-testaceous throughout, moder-

ately shining, rather coarsely, densely punctate. Head concave between the

antenne, the point of insertion of the latter visible anteriorly. Prothorax

about two and one-half times as wide as long, the apex one-half as wide as

Coleopterological Notices, V. 559

the base, the latter broadly, obtusely angulate; sides strongly convergent,

evenly and distinctly arcuate; disk with an acute lateral edge but devoid of

marginal stria. Scutellum distinct, small, equilateral. lytra not as long as

wide, fully two and one-half times as long as the prothorax, and, near basal

third, distinctly wider; apex transversely truncate; sides strongly, evenly

rounded ; epipleure distinctly unistriate ; acute lateral edge feebly reflexed ;

disk with two short oblique and extremely obsolete elevated lines laterally at

base; suture gradually and feebly elevated. Propygidium partially covered

by the elytra, not exposed from above; pygidium large, moderately inflexed,

convex, shining, finely, sparsely punctate. Prosternal lobe short, not mar-

gined, parallel intercoxal strie distant; posterior margin truncate, feebly

sinuate in the middle; mesosternum not margined at apex. Length 1.45

mm.; width 1.2 mm.

California (San Diego).

A single specimen of undetermined sex. Of marginatus I ob-

tained a single specimen at Austin, Texas.

BACANIUWS Lec.

The general characters of this genus indicate a strong affinity

with Anapleus, and it bears much the same relation to the other

ewenera of Histrini that Abreus does to Saprinus and its allies.

The prosternal lobe is strongly developed throughout the genus,

and there seems to be scarcely any other reason for associating it

with Abreeus than the minute size of the body. JBacanius is a

very definitely limited and widely distributed genus, in which the

species are much better defined and more isolated among them-

selves than in Acritus. The species of our fauna may be readily

identified as follows :—

Elytra without an entire marginal carina.

Elytra without discal strie.

_ Elytra with a fine entire and oblique sublateral stria; elytral punctures

forming long coarse longitudinal ruge ; size minute. ;

punctiformnais Lec.

Elytra with a fine sublateral stria in apical half; elytral punctures dis-

tinct rounded and isolated ; size larger..................¢amtilbius Lec.

Elytra with several coarse oblique discal strie ; surface very vonvex, the

punctures isolated ; size still larger .................. SlIODUIIMUS N. sp.

Elytra with an entire marginal carina and an entire or subentire sublateral

stria.

Sublateral stria entire; pygidium very minutely and remotely punctulate.

maiselius Lec.

Sublateral stria abbreviated at base; pygidium strongly and rather closely

PMIMIAE CANE epclan dusitchitem:sindinssiusis crescentus corocv casisss soe sseieee ss GCC DELICANS. D.-Sp.

560 Coleopterological Notices, V.

Elytra with two fine and acute, parallel approximate and entire marginal

caring ; surface much Jess CONVEX ..........0eeeeeee eee A CUMIMATUS D. Sp.

Other forms doubtless exist in cabinets, but the species are much

less numerous than in Acritus.

B. globulinus.—Broadly oval, very convex, polished, dark rufo-testa-

ceous throughout. Head even, not concave, very minutely, sparsely punctu-

late, gradually more closely and strongly punctate toward the epistomal apex ;

antennal tubercles rather acute, not vertically prominent. Prothorax nearer

thrice than twice as wide as long; sides very strongly convergent, broadly,

strongly and evenly arcuate throughout; apical angles acute; marginal line

acute, extending unbroken along the apex ; punctures very fine and sparse

anteriorly, becoming gradually slightly larger and less sparse toward base.

Scutellum invisible. lytra long, convex and declivous behind, narrowly

subtruncate at apex viewed posteriorly, a little wider than the prothorax and

three times as long, evenly rounded at the sides, the punctures moderately

coarse, deep, rounded, rather sparse, gradually closer behind ; inflexed flanks

with the marginal stria very feeble, punctate, visible toward base; sublateral

stria distinct in more than apical half; each elytron also with three or four

coarse, oblique, sublateral striz toward base, of which the external appears

to be the internal humeral. Pygidium rather coarsely, very densely punctate.

Prosternum truncate behind, much wider than long, with a large deflexed and

broadly rounded apical lobe, finely, sparsely punctate; mesosternum more

strongly, less sparsely punctate, not striate at apex, the lateral striz very

oblique from the coxe to the prosternal angles. Anterior tibize very broad,

rounded externally, with a fringe of very small erect setz, not spinulose.

Length 1.1 mm.; width 0.8 mm.

California (Humboldt and Siskiyou Cos. ).

Distinguishable by its rather large size and coarsely eroded a -

tral strie. It is not rare in northern California.

B. debilitanms.—Somewhat broadly oval, very strongly convex, polished

and dark ruto-testaceous throughout. Head finely, sparsely punctulate, more

strongly anteriorly. Prothorax much more than twice as wide as long, the

sides moderately convergent, broadly and almost evenly arcuate from base to

apex, the apical angles acute; marginal line acute, entire along the apex but

very fine; punctures fine, even and sparse throughout. Scutellum wanting.

Elytra globose, twice as long as the prothorax viewed vertically, and slightly

wider ; sides broadly, evenly arcuate ; punctures fine but strong, rather sparse ;

carina of the inflexed flanks very fine and puncto-crenulate, uniting with the

first sublateral stria before the apex; disk also with an evanescent oblique

stria extending to the middle of the base. Pygidium finely, strongly, rather

closely punctate. Prosternum very short and transverse, finely, sparsely

punctate, the lobe well developed, more closely punctate, finely margined at

apex. Meso-metasternal surface finely but strongly, sparsely punctate. Aun-

terior tibie broad, rounded externally. Length 0.7 mm; width 0.45 mm.

Coleopterological Notices, V. 561

Florida (Crescent City). Mr. Schwarz.

This is the smallest species which I have seen, and is allied to

misellus, differing by the characters mentioned in the table. In

addition, misellus is broader and less convex, with a more trans-

verse prothorax, more convergent and rounded at the sides, and

there is no trace of the long median stria of the elytra.

B. acuminatus.—Evenly, rather narrowly elliptical, only moderately

convex, shining, pale testaceous throughout. Head extremely minutely,

sparsely punctulate, slightly more stronger and closely so on the epistoma.

Prothorax much more than twice as wide as long, the sides very strongly con-

vergent, broadly and evenly arcuate from base to apex; margin finely acute ;

punctures fine and very sparse, becoming almost obsolete anteriorly, slightly

coarser near the base. Scutellum not definable but apparently not wholly want-

ing. Llytra from above nearly three times as long as the prothorax, only very

slightly wider, together rather narrowly rounded behind viewed posteriorly,

broadly rounded on the sides, apparently connate, the suture broadly, feebly

impressed on the posterior declivity ; punctures minute, rather sparse ; sur-

face finely, obliquely rugose except toward apex and toward base externally ;

discal strie wanting, the two fine carine of the inflexed flanks equal entire

and rather close throughout. Pygidium strongly inflexed as usual, nearly flat,

minutely, remotely punctulate, more closely and strongly so toward the lateral

and apical edges. Prosternum moderately broad between the coxe, the lobe

large and well developed, deflexed, very finely margined at apex and minutely,

remotely punctulate. Anterior tibie broad, rounded externally, with a min-

ute external spine near the apex. Length 0.9 im.; width 0.65 mm.

California (Sta. Cruz Co.).

This is one of the most distinct species of the genus in having

the sublateral stria of the elytra parallel and close to the marginal

line throughout, and not inwardly oblique toward base as is usual.

This character is suggestive of Anapleus, but the apices of the elytra

are formed very differently, and there is no trace of the doubly

carinate lateral edges of the pronotum, which is so characteristic a

feature in Anapleus. A single specimen.

SAPRINUS Erichs.

The species of this large and difficult genus seem to be more espe-

cially subarctic in distribution and are abundant in the United

States, especially on the Pacific Coast; those in the neighborhood

of fimbriatus are very closely allied and more than usually vari-

able, necessitating large series and: careful study in the discrimina-

tion of species. The following new forms are assigned to the

various groups of Dr. Horn as follows :—

562 Coleopterological Notices, V.

Group IV.

External subhumeral stria contiguous to the marginal; elytral punctures

abruptly coarse posteriorly, not distinct near the base (type pectoralis).

Larger, ee without zneous lustre; mesosternum nes densely punc-

HC cicasiccalewe senlnntlnosians «qn sdamceinns dan nualdemian em «iene gatas eneineciswaia: SOR a ee aa

Sionditer: more narr anaes Beal aes sethantes zeneous ; mesosternum finely

and gene PUNCH Cs. «. cowicnnjacsinesienieaneinewioce pole weieinae/eieaie.cisuainast. gees MRIS ei

External subhumeral distiinet sl diverging Rom the aiaeieae elytral pune-

tures not abruptly coarse posteriorly and visible over the entire disk

(type obscurus).

Dorsal strie Sales almost aia to apical fourth; body oblong-oval,

PUL Gy geAeapecoe. : eee . laramiensis

Dorsal striz See pes tiled neh oe belinas tes middle; body

ShHOPCeD, OVAL cco,anw de'sinse.caciuneeudiertains ci sisiesisinejsin scslaw dels miacieiasla cialeaeie ee temmed yaa ed eae

Group V.

Form, coloration and sculpture very nearly similar to pennsylvanicus; pygidiuin

tumid and carinate toward apex, broadly impressed toward the sides except

Near the. BASES wsccina caenselgeseceinenjesigcanses sommes aanse sweiacaisies aualeamrcie tree p DIC EMSmENe

Group VI.

Elytra without distinct punctuation except in about apical half........sOCiUS

Elytra punctate throughout, but generally feebly and finely so toward base,

the punctures sometimes rather abruptly coarser and denser behind.

Pronotum evidently more coarsely and densely punctate near the sides.

. lentus

Pronotum not more strongly and generally scarcely more densely punctate

toward the sides, distinctly and evenly punctate throughout the disk.

Sutural stria entire; lustre dull; punctures strong and dense throughout.

opacellus

Sutural stria abbreviated at basal fourth ; punctures strong and dense

throughout, more or less confluent posteriorly.................s5CPIDrFUMR

Sutural stria abbreviated or obsolescent in basal third ; punctures sparse

throughout; lustre polished.

Larger, broadly oval: sutural stria wholly obsolete toward apex.

detractus

Small, narrowly oval; sutural stria attaining the apex...comtractus

Group VII.

Prothorax fimbriate at the sides; body black, opaque, punctured throughout.

intritus

Group VIII.

Elytra with a distinct sutural stria which is abbreviated or interrupted behind.

Elytra without trace of punctuation at any part...........impumctellus

Elytra punctured nearly as in fraternus; pronotal sculpture narrowly effaced

along tle lateral margins 25 vs ate arene sstosenoveriees ens see covnecaencasss Nal Welln

Coleopterological Notices, V. 563

Group IX.

Small species resembling Jucidulus; anterior tibie strongly tridentate ; sides of

the prothorax fimbriate.

Punctures of the elytra extending, near the suture, to basal fourth.

propensus

Punctures of the elytra not extending much within basal third, very small

PMPPMPODAT SO ee ch seecvae te cunanatiect bis cacvoe Saciadancathe eraser adennenepcnsene SON WELLS

Group II of Dr. Horn cannot remain as originally proposed, and

in reality comprises only Gnathoncus rotundatus. The other three

species are widely discordant; behrensi belongs to group IV, and

is probably not different from pectoralis, in which species the pro-

sternal strie display a tendency to unite in front in some specimens,

for, in laramiensis, there are examples having the two striz paral-

lel, convergent in front, or shorter and completely united. Plani-

sternus and rugipennis are aberrant types, each possibly requiring

a special group.

The four species now placed at the end of group LX, belong to

Pachylopus as extended by Marseul, and the genus is apparently

valid. |

S. obsidianus.—Oval, strongly convex, highly polished, black, the tibiz

and tarsi rufescent. Head finely evenly and sparsely punctate, with a larger

median puncture near the base; transverse frontal stria fine but distinct,

widely interrupted at the base of the clypeus. Prothorax fully twice as wide

as long, the sides distinctly convergent and feebly arcuate from the base,

becoming strongly convergent and arcuate anteriorly ; marginal stria distinct ;

disk subimpunctate except abruptly and coarsely so along the basal margin

and more gradually coarsely and closely at the sides, the punctures much

finer toward base. Elyira at basal third distinctly wider than the prothorax,

one-half longer; sides broadly arcuate ; marginal stria on the flank, distinct,

gradually ascending toward base and confused with the outer subhumeral ;

inner subhumeral completely obsolete ; oblique humeral fine, distinct, straight,

extending to basal third ; dorsals coarse and very coarsely punctate, subequal, .

extending distinctly behind the middle, the first not extending beyond apical

third, the fourth broadly arcuate at base, joining the deep entire and punctate

sutural; punctures coarse, deep, moderately close in apical two-thirds near

the suture and apical third at the first dorsal, not extending laterally beyond

the latter. Propygidium densely punctate, the punctures gradually becoming

very coarse posteriorly ; pygidium closely punctate, finely so toward apex.

Prosternal striz long, coarse, deep, gradually convergent auteriorly and

almost confluent just behind the apical margin; surface convex. Anterior

tibiz strongly arcuate externally in apical half, finely pleuridenticulate.

Length 3.5 mm. ; width 2.6 mm.

564 Coleopterological Notices, V.

Alabama (Mobile). Mr. Soltau.

Differs from pectoralis, which it strongly resembles, in the coarser

punctuation and especially in the much coarser and more coarsely

punctate elytral striz. The prosternal strive are very much longer

than is usual in pectoralis. A single specimen.

S. subseratus.—Narrowly oval, convex, very highly polished, black,

with a feeble but distinct eneous lustre; legs scarcely paler. Head finely

sparsely and rather feebly punctate; frontal stria extremely fine, oblique at

each side. Prothorax four-fifths wider than long; sides convergent from the

base, broadly arcuate and strongly convergent anteriorly ; marginal stria dis-

tinct ; disk punctured as in pectoralis. LElytra rounded at the sides, one-half

longer than the prothorax, and, at basal third, distinctly wider, the marginal

and outer subhumeral strie as in obsidianus; inner subhumeral completely

obsolete ; oblique humeral straight, scarcely extending beyond basal fourth

and distant from the first dorsal even at base ; dorsal striz coarse and coarsely

punctate, short, slightly irregular, extending to about the middle, the first

scarcely longer and bent inward at base ; second much more distant from the

third toward base than the latter is from the fourth, which is broadly arched

at base joining the sutural, the latter very fine toward base and not extending

quite to the apex; punctures rather coarse and decidedly sparser, distributed

nearly as in obsidianus. Pygidia finely but strongly, densely punctate through-

out. Prosternum feebly convex, the striz nearly straight, distant behind,

gradually convergent and almost contiguous just behind the apical margin.

Anterior tibie very finely serrulate externally. Length 2.8 mm.; width

2.1 mm.

Louisiana (New Orleans).

This species may be readilv distinguished from the preceding by

the smaller size, narrower form, eneous lustre and finer, sparser

sculpture. They both differ from pectoralis in the coarser elytral

striz and disposition of the elytral punctures, which in the latter

extend forward scarcely more near the suture than laterally.

S. laramiensis.—Oblong, the sides broadly arcuate, moderately convex,

highly polished, black, the elytra and femora dark rufo-piceous; tibize and

tarsi rufescent ; lustre not metallic. Head finely, evenly, rather closely punc-

tate, the marginal stria feebly traceable only at each side of the front; disk

with a larger puncture just behind the middle and quite distant from the base.

Prothorax a little more than twice as wide as long, the sides only feebly con-

vergent near the base, broadly rounded and strongly convergent in apical

third; marginal stria fine; punctures sparse but distinct throughout, finer

toward the middle, only slightly closer laterally, much coarser near the basal

margin. lytra more strongly rounded at basal fourth where they are rather

distinctly wider than the prothorax, one-half longer; punctures sparse and

visible throughout, becoming gradually rather coarse posteriorly except toward

Coleopterological Notices, V. 565

the sides ; marginal stria inferior, distinct from the outer subhumeral at base ;

inner subhumeral distinct in apical half to two-thirds ; oblique humeral deep

but rather short; dorsals long, subequal, strong, slightly punctulate, the

fourth rather narrowly arched at base, joining the entire sutural. Pygidia

not very coarsely but deeply and closely punctate. Prosternum slightly con-

vex, the strie rather approximate, variable in length, generally more or less

convergent anteriorly. Mesosternum broadly sinuate, rather coarsely but not

very densely punctate, the apical stria entire. Anterior tibie expanded |

externally toward apex as usual, finely multispinulose. Length 3.0-3.4

mm.; width 2.0—2.25 mm. |

Wyoming (Cheyenne). Mr. Soltau.

A fine distinct species, readily known from any other of this

group by its oblong form and coloration. It may be placed near

Jfloridx, but differs notably in the feebly convex and non-carinate

prosternum.

8S. audax.—Rather broadly oval, convex, black, polished, without me-

tallic lustre. Head finely, sparsely punctate, the marginal stria cbsolete above

theeyes and at apex. Prothorax rather more than twice as wide as long ; sides

strongly convergent and very feebly arcuate, broadly so anteriorly ; marginal

stria deep, entire; disk finely, sparsely punctulate, rather coarsely and per-

forately but not densely punctate in a broad area at the sides and unevenly

along the base. Elytra at basal third slightly wider than the prothorax, two-

thirds longer, distinctly wider than long; punctures strong but very sparse,

gradually becoming minute to the base throughout the width; marginal stria

inferior, nearly straight, the attendant series of punctures strong and close-

set ; outer subhumeral acutely defined below the humeri, one-fifth the total

length ; inner represented by a mere short trace behind the middle; oblique

humeral very fine and feeble ; dorsals fine, broadly arcuate, punctured within,

the first extending to apical fourth, two to four evenly, gradually shorter, the

fourth ending at the middle, one to three hooked at base, the fourth broadly

arched to the sutural which is only distinct in median third of the length ;

apical stria extending only to the middle of each elytron. Propygidium very

short, five times as wide as lony, strongly, densely punctate, gradually more

finely so from: apex to base; pygidium large, convex, strongly, closely punc-

tate, the punctures gradually subobsolete toward apex. Prosternum evenly

but distinctly convex, with a median fovea at some distance behind the ante-

rior margin, the striz strong, distant, somewhat divergent anteriorly ; sides

anteriorly deeply foveate. Anterior tibie finely serrulate. Length 2.9 mm. ;

width 2.2 mm.

New Jersey.

Greatly resembles peminosus, but differs in the obsolete basal

parts of the sutural. stria, the shorter second and third dorsals,

much less arcuate toward base, more approximate prosternal striz

and several other characters.

566 Coleopterological Notices, V.

S. profusus.—Broadly oval, strongly convex, highly polished, brilliant

metallic bluish-green in color. Head nearly flat above, minutely, sparsely

punctulate, with a small deep median puncture near the base; marginal strize

entire but not united in front, where they are flexed forward to the middle of

the clypeus ; transverse clypeal suture sometimes distinct. Prothorax scarcely

twice as wide as long; sides strongly convergent and nearly straight to apical

third, then broadly rounded ; marginal stria fine, not quite attaining the base ;

punctures wanting except sparsely and very narrowly along the basal margin,

and in a moderately wide dense area from the apex to basal third at some dis-

tance from the lateral margin. £lytra nearly as in pennsylvanicus, the third

dorsal longer, the sutural obsolescent toward base and the posterior punctured

area scarcely extending beyond the middle. Propygidium coarsely, sparsely

punctate; pygidium elongate, gradually attenuate and convex toward apex,

rather coarsely but not very densely punctate, with two elongate-oval impune-

tate subapical areas, separated by a longitudinal carina, broadly impressed

toward the sides. Prosternum nearly as in pennsylvanicus, but with the basal

part of the strie longer, the apical much shorter; mesosternum strongly but

sparsely punctate, the apical stria broadly interrupted. Anterior tibie broad,

with three or four strong external teeth. Length 4.0-5.5 mm.; width 3.0-

3.8 mm.

Kansas; Colorado; Texas (Galveston).

This species closely resembles pennsylvanicus, but may be readily

distinguished by the structure of the pygidium, more strongly trape-

zoidal prothorax, coarser broader and stronger denticulation of the

anterior tibiz, broadly interrupted mesosternal border, less punctate

integuments and several other details. From enevcollis it differs

altogether in the structure of the prosternal striz and in elytral

punctuation. The apical carina of the pygidium is at all times

feeble and occasionally becomes obsolete.

S. socius.—Oblong-oval, piceous-black, highly polished, only moderately

convex. Head feebly but densely, subrugosely punctate, the marginal stria

obsolete ; clypeus rather short and broad. Prothorax more than twice as wide

as long, the sides broadly, rather strongly arcuate, becoming almost parallel

near the base, marginal stria fine, distinct ; disk minutely, sparsely punctulate,

becoming broadly deeply strongly and densely punctate sublaterally, and nar-

rowly along the basal margin. lytra one-half longer. than the prothorax, a

little wider, slightly swollen laterally toward base ; marginal stria coarse but

feeble, inferior, not attaining the middle of the apices; internal subhumeral

represented by a short deep stria behind the middle; oblique humeral deep,

distinct and straight; four dorsals strong, evenly, feebly arcuate, scarcely

punctate, long, almost exactly equal in length and attaining apical third, only

slightly hooked at base, the fourth joining the sutural which is distinct to the

apex ; punctures strong but sparse, extending beyond the middle in the first

three interspaces gradually becoming very fine, along the suture not extend-

Coleopterological Notices, V. h6T

ing much beyond apical third. Pygidia strongly, moderately coarsely, very

densely punctate. Prosternum strongly convex but not compressed, the striz

rapidly and strongly ascending ; latero-subapical fovee small but deep, well

defined; sides of the mesosternum strongly convergent ; apical stria entire.

Anterior tibie triangular, not very wide, finely but strongly, rather closely

serrulo-spinose externally. Length 1.9-2.7 mm.; width 1.4-1.9 mm.

Utah (southwestern). Mr. Weidt.

To be associated with convexiusculus and minutus, resembling

the former in its long dorsal striz but differing in the disposition of

the elytral punctured areas; from minutus it differs in its much

longer dorsal strie. Two specimens, differing greatly in size.

S. lentus.— Oval, strongly convex, highly polished, black with pronounced

zeneous lustre ; legs rufescent. Head minutely but strongly, closely punctate,

with a small but distinct puncture in the middle near the base ; marginal strie

obsolete above the eyes. Prothorax a little more than twice as wide as long,

the sides strongly convergent, broadly, evenly arcuate from base to apex ;

apical angles narrowly rounded ; marginal stria distinct ; disk very minutely,

sparsely punctulate, gradually more closely anteriorly, abruptly coarsely and

very densely punctate near the sides and narrowly along the basal margin.

Elytra not quite twice as long as the prothorax, and, at basal fourth, much

wider, extremely, minutely, sparsely punctulate, somewhat abruptly, rather

coarsely and densely punctate behind, from basal two-fifths near the first

dorsal, to apical two-fifths near the suture ; marginal stria deep, inferior, nearly

straight; outer subhumeral distinct, separated from the marginal; oblique

humeral coarse and deep, continued at some distance behind by the inner sub-

humeral, which is short and feeble; dorsals coarse, the first and third equal,

extending nearly to apical two-fifths, second and fourth equal but slightly

shorter, the latter broadly arched at base joining the entire sutural; trans-

verse apical stria nearly attaining the suture. Pygidia finely but deeply,

densely and evenly punctate. Prosternum evenly convex, the striz distinct,

rapidly ascending, the fovee deep ; mesosternum finely punctate, sparsely in

the middle; apical stria entire, transverse; suture crenato-punctate. Ante-

rior tibiz with about seven long and very acute, anteriorly inclined, serriform

teeth. Length 3.5 mm. width 2.5 mm.

California (Truckee—elevation 6000 ft.).

Allied somewhat to insertus, but differing altogether in the punc-

tuation of the pronotum and elytra, and in the widely distant and

isolated external subhumeral stria.

8S. opacellius.—Oval, strongly convex, deep black, dull or feebly shin-

ing. Head rather finely but strongly, very densely punctate, without trace

of the subbasal puncture; marginal stria obsolete, not distinct even subapi-

cally. Prothorax twice as wide as long, trapezoidal ; sides moderately arcuate,

visibly more so toward apex ; marginal stria fine; punctures not very coarse

568 Coleopterological Notices, V.

but deep and dense throughout, gradually scarcely larger but extremely dense

and contiguous at the sides, also coarser along the basal margin. Elytra at.

basal fourth quite distinctly wider than the prothorax, not quite twice as long ;

punctures close throughout, fine near the base, gradually, at about basal third,

becoming coarse, very deep, extremely dense and subaciculate to the apex;

marginal stria inferior, extending along the apex to the suture; outer sub-

humeral very close to the marginal but not confluent; oblique humeral fine,

generally joining the inner subhumeral, which extends to apical fourth ;

dorsals moderate, acute externally, punctulate internally, nearly straight,

gradually decreasing in length, the first extending to apical third, the fourth

to or slightly beyond the middle, abruptly arched at base joining the entire

sutural. Pygidia rather finely but deeply, extremely densely punctate. Pro-

sternum convex, the striz remote, rapidly ascending ; surface finely, extremely

densely and deeply punctate; subapical fovee deep; mesosternum sparsely

punctate, the marginal stria entire. Anterior tibiz with five or six low broad

and oblique serrulations. Length 3.3~-3.7 mm.; width 2.2-2.4 mm.

California (Humboldt Co.).

This species is closely allied to ¢nsertus, but differs greatly in its

deep black, less shining, more coarsely and much more densely

punctate integuments, and very much in the structure of the an-

terior tibiz, which, in ¢nsertus, are armed externally with a close-

set series of long slender erect and spinuliform denticles. In in-

sertus, also, the external subhumeral stria is not visible, being

perfectly confluent with the marginal stria throughout its length.

Three specimens.

S. cribrum.—Evenly oval, strongly convex, biack, the legs just visibly

picescent; lustre moderately shining, the narrow interspaces between the

punctures polished. Sead finely but strongly, very densely punctate, the

marginal stria feebly traceable at each side of the epistoma, which is much

wider than long. Prothorax rather more than twice as wide as long, the sides

not fimbriate, strongly convergent and teebly, almost evenly arcuate from

base to apex; marginal stria fine; disk rather coarsely deeply and very

densely punctate throughout, the punctures separated by nearly their own

diameters toward the middle. JLlytru nearly as long as wide, three-fourths

longer than the prothorax, and, at basal fourth, but little wider ; sides broadly,

evenly arcuate; disk rather coarsely, very deeply and densely punctate, the

punctures longitudinally subcoalescent except near the scutellum; marginal

stria strongly inferior, almost straight, continued along the apex to the middle

of each elytron; outer subhumeral almost obsolete but distinct from the mar-

ginal ; inner subhumeral represented by a short stria behind the middle ;

oblique humeral distinct; dorsals coarse but scarcely at all punctate, only

very feebly arcuate, the first extending to apical fourth, the fourth to apical

third, the latter abruptly, transversely hooked at base nearly to the scutel-

lum ; sutural obsolete in basal fourth, almost attaining the apex. Propygidium

Coleopterological Notices, V. 569

very short, finely closely punctate, feebly subearinate in the middle; pygi-

dium large, vertical, feebly convex, a little more coarsely and very densely

punctate. Prosternum transversely convex, finely, feebly punctate, the strie

only distinct at the sides anteriorly ; fovee deep. Mesosternum feebly sinu-

ate, more coarsely but not very densely punctate ; apical stria entire. Ante-

rior tibiz with six or seven acute triangular external spines. Length 3.3

mm.; width 2.4 mm.

Wyoming (Cheyenne).

Also related to insertus and especially opacellus, but differing in

the still coarser sculpture and in the obliterated basal part of the

sutural stria.

S. detractus.—Rather broadly oval, strongly convex, black, polished.

Head finely, closely punctate, the marginal stria feeble but long and oblique

subapically, obliterated near the base. Prothorax more than twice as wide as

long ; sides very strongly convergent, feebly arcuate, more so near the apex ;

marginal stria distinct; disk rather finely but deeply and conspicuously—

though sparsely—punctate, the punctures not distinctly larger but rather

dense near the sides, a little coarser near the base only in the middle. Elytra

three-fourths longer than the prothorax, and, at basal fourth, quite distinctly

wider, finely, remotely punctulate toward base, gradually rather coarsely,

deeply but sparsely punctate in apical two-thirds near the suture, to apical

fourth near the end of the second dorsal; marginal stria inferior, extending

along the apex to the middle of each elytron ; outer subhumeral scarcely dis-

tinct from the marginal ; oblique humeral with one or two uneven internal

appendages ; inner subhumeral represented by a short stria behind the mid-

dle; dorsals strong, feebly arcuate, slightly crenulate internally, the first

three extending to about apical third, the fourth scarcely behind the middle,

broadly hooked at base to the suture, the satural stria only distinct in median

third. Pygidia rather finely deeply and densely punctate. Sterna minutely

and remotely punctulate, the prosternum broadly convex, the strie remote,

strongly ascending, the fovee distinct ; mesosternal stria fine but entire at

apex; transverse suture strongly crenato-punctate. Anterior tibiz with

seven or eight small close-set and acute, spiniform teeth. Length 2.2-2.6

mm.; width 1.7-1.9 mm. .

Colorado; Kansas.

Allied to laridus, differing greatly however in its more broadly

oval form and minute punctulation of the mesosternum, this being

coarsely and conspicuously punctate in laridus; the latter species,

in addition, has the outer subhumeral stria widely separated from

the marginal. Each elytron seems to have an obsolete impression

in the middle near the sutural stria. One specimen has the first

dorsal stria very short, abbreviated at the middle on both sides of |

the body; it is simply a deformity however. My first specimen

Annas N. Y. Acap. Scr., VII, Dec. 1893.—37

570 Coleopterological Notices, V.

was picked up in the streets of Denver, during a casual visit some

years ago, and it has since been taken by Mr. Wickham at Greeley.

S. contractus.—Narrowly oblong-oval, moderately convex, highly pol-

ished, piceous-black, with a very feeble eneous lustre. Head finely, closely

punctate, the punctures rather rugose anteriorly ; marginal stria wholly obso-

lete; antennal emarginations bisinuate. Prothorax a little more than twice

as wide as long, the sides feebly convergent and arcuate near the base but

becoming more so near the apex; marginal stria fine, feeble; disk finely but

strongly and remotely punctate, the punctures less remote anteriorly and

distinctly closer but not dense and not much larger near the sides, coarser at

base near the middle. /ytra three-fourths longer than the prothorax and

slightly wider at basal fourth, strongly, remotely but not very coarsely punc-

tate, the punctures distinct at base, becoming gradually less remote and some-

what larger toward apex; marginal stria fine, gradually evanescent along

the apex; outer subhumeral fine but distinctly diverging from the marginal ;

oblique humeral feeble; inner subhumeral rather long, oblique and uneven ;

dorsals somewhat fine, distinctly but finely punctate, subequal, extending to

about the middle, the third slightly, fourth broadly, hooked at base, the latter

not extending to the middle, sutural altogether untraceable in basal third.

Pygidia very finely, extremely densely punctate. Prosternum evenly but

strongly convex, the strie rather approximate behind, rapidly ascending, the

parallel apical parts twice as distant as the basal; fovee elongate and feeble.

Anterior tibize finely, closely serrato-spinulose externally. Length 2.0 mm. ;

width 1.4 mm.

Arizona (Tugson).

The single specimen before me represents a species which is also

allied to laridus, but distinguishable readily by its sparser and

coarser punctuation, more approximate basal part of the prosternal

strie, and by the longer sutural stria, which fully attains the apical

angles; it also differs in its stronger and rather denser sculpture of

the pygidium.

S. intritus.—Stout, oblong-oval, convex, dull, black, the legs dark rufo-

testaceous. Head strongly, densely punctato-rugose, the clypeus still more

densely and finely ; margins of the front near the clypeus almost transverse ;

marginal stria obsolete. Prothorax a little more than twice as wide as long ;

sides feebly convergent and slightly arcuate, gradually much more convergent

and broadly arcuate beyond the middle; marginal sete short; lateral margin

broadly arched throughout the length when viewed laterally; stria fine, dis-

tinct; disk strongly, rather densely punctate throughout, the punctures finer

toward the middle, extremely dense and somewhat rugose toward the sides.

Elytra somewhat prominent at the sides near the base and slightly wider than

the prothorax, one-half longer, much wider than long; lateral stria inferior,

coarse, straight, fine along the apex to the suture; outer subhumeral distinct,

Coleopterological Notices, V. 571

distant from the lateral; oblique humeral fine; inner subhumeral isolated,

short, strongly oblique, at about the middle; dorsals rather fine, acute ex-

ternally, finely punctate within, one to three gradually longer, the first

extending about to the middle, the third to apical third, fourth shorter,

extending slightly behind the middle, broadly arched at base, joining the

entire but fine sutural; disk strongly, distinctly punctate throughout, the

punctures small and sparse near the scutellum, gradually coarse dense and

aciculate behind. Pygidia not coarsely but deeply, extremely densely puno-

tate. Prosternum acutely compresso-carinate, the strie fine, ascending, abbre-

viated behind the fovee which are very small. Anterior tibiz2 multispinulose

externally, the spinules erect and short. Length 3.5 mm.; width 2.6 mm.

California (San Diego).

This fine species is allied to vesfetus, but is larger and blacker,

with the punctuation coarser and denser, and the integuments still

more opaque throughout. The prosternal strie are shorter and

abbreviated far behind the fovee, and the surface is more acute

and compressed than in veséitus; in the latter, also, the apical

stria of the elytra is abbreviated at outer third or fourth, and the

punctures of the elytra become abruptly fine and excessively dense

broadly along the apex.

S. impunctellus.—Broadly oblong-oval, strongly convex, polished,

black, without eneous lustre. Head impunctate, arcuately and unevenly

eroded anteriorly, surrounded at the sides and apex by a deep groove and

beaded edge, rectangular at the sides. Prothorax twice as wide as long, the

sides rather strongly convergent and nearly straight: to apical third, then

gradually broadly rounded to the obtuse apical angles; marginal groove deep,

distinct throughout the apex; disk feebly and not densely punctato-rugulose,

smooth in the middle except toward apex, coarsely closely and deeply punc-

tate along the base. lytra distinctly wider and three-fourths longer than

the prothorax, completely devoid of all trace of punctuation at any part;

marginal stria deep, not coarse, abruptly abbreviated at outer third of the apex ;

outer subhumeral fine, distant from the marginal; striz throughout as in

spheroides, except that the fourth is distinctly shorter than the third, the

sutural broadly interrupted near the apex. Propygidium transversely bi-

impressed and subimpunctate in basal half, the punctures apically very fine,

dense; pygidium very finely, evenly, not densely punctate. Prosternum with

the two almost entire approximate strie rapidly divergent behind ; lateral

convergent carine strong, the subapical fovee deep, rounded ; mesosternum

finely, sparsely punctate, the apical stria deep, entire; transverse suture

punctate; metasternum with a clearly limited, transverse, strongly and con-

fusedly punctured band posteriorly. Length 4.2 mm.; width 3.0 mm.

Indiana.

In general form and structure this species is a close ally of sphe-

roides, but it differs greatly, not only in-its larger size and wholly

572 Coleopterological Notices, V.

impunctate elytra, but in the more strongly margined front and

very radically in the serrulation of the anterior tibize, which in the

present species have about six strong triangular external teeth, in-

creasing in size and prominence toward apex; in sphexroides the

teeth become broader and almost obsolete toward apex. The meso-

sternum in the form alluded to is much more coarsely and closely

punctured.

S. laxatus.—Oblong-oval, convex, polished, black, without geneous lustre.

Head impunctate, strongly margined at the sides and apex, the lateral angles

right ; surface with a feeble and unevenly eroded chevron, ending behind in

the subbasal puncture which is visible in many other unrelated species. Pro-

thorax barely twice as wide as long, the sides rather strongly convergent, very

feebly and evenly arcuate from base to the apical angles, which are broadly,

transversely rounded ; margin strongly striate, feebly sigmoid viewed later-

ally, distinct along the apex; disk very feebly sparsely obliquely and sub-

rugosely punctate, the lateral margin rather broadly smooth posteriorly ; cen-

tral parts broadly smooth and unsculptured; basal margin closely coarsely

and deeply punctate. lytra throughout nearly as in fraternus, except that

the outer subhumeral is more distinct from the marginal stria, the fourth

dorsal a little shorter, the sutural wholly obsolete just behind the middle and

not even traceable further, and the punctures of the posterior area finer and

very much less dense. Propygidium feebly impressed and subimpunctate

throughout the width in basal half, with a median cariniform interruption,

finely, closely punctate posteriorly ; pygidium very finely, sparsely punctate,

closely so near the sides anteriorly. Prosternal strie abbreviated at apical

third, gradually divergent throughout posteriorly, more rapidly behind;

lateral converging carine very strong, arcuate; subapical foveew small, deep ;

mesosternum minutely, remotely punctulate, the apical stria entire. Anterior

tibize with five or six erect subacute teeth, becoming much stronger, thongh

still longer than wide, toward apex. Length 3.9 mm.; width 2.8 mm.

Florida.

Allied closely to fraternus, but a little larger than the largest of

that species, with finer, much less dense elytral punctures and

stronger but less numerous external denticles of the anterior tibie.

In fraternus the sutural stria can always be distinctly traced to

the apex.

S. propensus.—Oblong-oval, convex, polished, dark piceo-rufous, the

legs paler. Head distinctly margined at the sides and front, scarcely at all

punctate, but with a transversely arcuate subapical line. Prothorax twice as

wide as long, the sides moderately convergent, broadly, feebly arcuate; disk

sculptured almost exactly as in luctdulus. Llytra slightly wider and one-half

longer than the prothorax ; lateral stria distinct and broadly arcuate; outer

subhumeral not visible; oblique humeral coarse; inner subhumeral distinct,

Coleopterological Notices, V. 578

very oblique; dorsals distinct, the first extending almost to the apex, arcuate

behind, two to four abbreviated far behind the middle, the latter arched at

base, joining the sutural which is entire but faint; punctures not fine but

sparse and very shallow, extending, near the suture, fully to basal fourth.

Pygidia rather finely, very densely and somewhat unevenly punctate. Pro-

sternal strie as in lucidulus. Anterior tibize with three very large external

teeth. Length 1.9 mm.; width 1.4 mm.

California (San Diego).

This species greatly resembles a very small luctdulus, but is dis-

tinguishable at once by its small size and by the elytral punctured

area advancing well toward the base. Both this species and the

next differ radically from Juctduluvs in having the pronotal hypo-

mera feebly inflexed, almost horizontal, coarsely, densely punctured

and clothed with long coarse pubescence which bristles also along

the sides. In lucidulus the hyponiera are strongly inflexed, smooth

and glabrous.

S. servilis.—Oval, strongly convex, polished, rufo-piceous in color. Head

impunctate, with an arcuate subapical transverse line, strongly margined at

the sides and apex; clypeus feebly sculptured. Prothorax about twice as wide

as long, the sides strongly convergent and broadly arcuate from base to apex ;

marginal stria strong; disk sparsely, rather finely but strongly punctate to-

ward the sides and apex, broadly impunctate behind the middle, moderately

punctate along the base; punctures only feebly rugiform. lytra near the

base slightly wider than the prothorax, barely one-half longer, the punctures

fine, sparse, not entering any of the interstrie; extending near the suture

about to basal third ; external stria strong, arcuate toward base; outer sub-

humeral wanting; inner feeble, oblique, separated from the oblique humeral;

which is strong; dorsals distinct, the first nearly attaining the apex but

becoming fragmentary and feeble behind, second to fourth abbreviated at the

middle, the latter broadly arched at base, joining the sutural which is entire

but fine. Pygidia not coarsely but deeply and rather closely punctate. Pro-

sternal strie nearly as in lucidulus. Anterior tibie strongly tridentate, with

some long distant hairs externally toward base, and a fringe of very long

close-set hairs internally toward apex ; anterior femora with a lower fringe of

long broad flattened hairs. Length 2.0 mm.; width 1.4 mm.

Texas (Galveston).

Allied to the preceding, but readily distinguishable by its finer

and sparser punctuation, longer prothorax with more convergent

sides, shorter elytral striz, more evenly oval and less oblong form

and many other characters. The three large teeth of the anterior

tibiz in this and the preceding species are formed principally by

enormous inset spines, shortened and broadly rounded at tip. In

‘

574 Coleopterological Notices, V.

both of these species the spines of the intermediate and posterior

tibiz are nearly as in lucidulus but less close-set.

The anterior tarsi are peculiarly modified in this and possibly

allied species, the first four joints each having beneath a long thin

transparent and spatuliform appendage; this is a common character

also in the American species of Pachylopus.

ACRITUS Lec.

The following species belongs near floridex, but differs in having

a distinct scutellum, of which there is no trace whatever in

the latter :—

A. czelator n. sp.—Oval, moderately convex, polished, piceous-black.

Head finely, sparsely punctulate, more distinctly so on the large epistoma.

Prothorux but little more than twice as wide as long, the sides broadly arcuate

and convergent from base to apex ; marginal stria very fine, continuous along

the apex; punctures fine and rather sparse, the disk with a transverse line

of punctures near the base, obsolete at lateral sixth, abruptly and anteriorly

arched in less than median third. Scutellum equilateral, small. Elytra a

little wider than the prothorax and about twice as long, evenly rounded at

the sides, the apex truncate, three-fifths of the maximum width; inflexed

flanks with a fine strong and entire stria; disk without trace of strie; pune-

tures fine, sparse, those toward apex each with an anterior striiform prolonga-

tion. Propygidium minutely, sparsely punctulate; pygidium not distinctly

punctulate. Prosternum nearly twice as long as its median interstrial width,

the striz about equally and strongly divergent toward base and apex; meta-

sternum large, finely, sparsely punctate, without lateral striea, the post-

mesocoxal plate rounded behind. Legs slender; anterior tibiz not dilated.

Length 0.9 mm.; width rather less than 0.7 mm.

Indiana ?

A single specimen from the Levette cabinet. The species differs

from floride in its rather more narrowly oval form, and from all

other species most closely allied, in the strong anterior arcuation of

the transverse chain of pronotal punctures. In the position and

extent of the antennal fosse and structure of the anterior tibia, as

well as prosternal and elytral structure, this genus is wholly dif-

ferent from Bacanius. In the latter the antennal fosse are not at

all defined, the antenne being merely protected under the folded

legs in the very large crural excavations.

I bave before me several specimens from the Catskill Mts., New

York, which seem to be referrable to eribripennis Mars. ; the elytra

are more inflated toward base than in exiguus, and, if the identifi-

cation is correct, the two forms are specifically distinct.

Coleopterological Notices, V. 575

PLEGADERUS Erichs.

This is one of the most peculiar genera of the Histeride, although

there are many singular forms which at first sight appear to be

more isolated; it is generally found however, that the divergence

in these cases is less real than apparent, the external organs and

appendages of the body merely being specialized in various direc-

tions. Here there is a radical difference in the formation of one of

the most important of the fundamental segments of the body, prob-

ably accompanied by corresponding modification of the internal

anatomy. The division of the prothorax into two transverse lobes

is met with in some other widely separated groups, such as the

Pausside, but in the present family all forms leading up to or fore-

telling this peculiarity have seemingly disappeared, so that it is

scarcely possible to reason upon its true etiological significance.’

The deep diverging fosse of the prosternum are obviously an ex-

treme development of the usual prosternal striz, but the transverse

excavation uniting them is, as far as known to me, without any

suggestion of parallelism in the entire family. I dwell with some

emphasis upon this character because it has never been given the

weight which apparently belongs to it. The genus should in fact

be separated rather widely from those with which it is now asso-

ciated.

The species are moderately numerous in the United States, and

may be distinguished by the following table :—

Anterior prosternal lobe longer than wide, more or less acutely rounded

behind, and strongly and rather closely punctate; punctures of the

elytra rounded and not longitudinally confluent ; transverse pronotal

sulcus always deep and conspicuous.

Punctures of the elytra not very dense, distinctly separated ; apical lobe

of the pronotum much shorter than the basal.

Margin of the pronotum broad, less convex.

Meso-metasternal plate densely, coarsely punctate............SaYi Mars.

Meso-metasternal plate more finely and sparsely punctate.

consors Horn.

Margin of the pronotum narrower and more convex ; entire body narrower

and less depressed, piceous-brown, polished, sparsely and coarsely

SCUMNMUULT CUR salen) dosinentmeitans secaa hesicke Seclcatians ceeds eevee a Cermus Horn.

1 The transverse row of prosternal fovee in Glymma does not bear much

resemblance to the division in Plegaderus, for there is no sign of a division

upon the dorsal surface. Glymma should probably be referred to the Histrini,

the fovee being the delimiting line of the prosternal lobe.

—

576 Coleopterological Notices, V.

Punctures of the elytra extremely dense, very narrowly separated.

Prosternal grooves narrow behind, the intermediate posterior lobe wide and

distinct ; elytral punctures small; pronotum less unequally divided.

rigidus un. sp.

Prosternal grooves very wide behind, the enclosed posterior lobe minute,

compressed and subcariniform.

Pronotum closely punctate throughout, only a little more finely so ante-

riorly ; lateral margins broad... ............seeeeeee+ CVIDFAtTUS N. sp.

Pronotum finely, closely punctate anteriorly, coarsely and much more

sparsely so behind ; lateral margins narrower.....moOlestus n. sp.

Anterior prosternal lobe large but shorter and broader, not quite as long as

wide, very remotely punctate; posterior lobe minute and subobsolete ;

elytral punctures longitudinally confluent ; sulcus deep.

transversus Say.

Anterior lobe very small, wider than long, the posterior almost obsolete.

Pronotum with the transverse line distinct throughout; dorsal punctuation

fine and remote; larger species . Sdugoe cco tee ces Hans .Iitidus Horn.

Pronotum with ine transverse ne anne A is obliterateae ; sculp-

ture coarse and not dense; size very small..,........... DArDvelini Mars.

Of sayt and consors I have single examples, taken in Indiana

and Arizona respectively, of fraternus a large series taken in

various localities in California. Z’ransversus occurred abund-

antly, and barbelzni in smaller number, under the bark of unde-

composed stumps at Houston, Texas, the former also at Asheville,

North Carolina. My small series of nilidus is from Siskiyou,

El Dorado and San Diego, California, the single example from

San Diego, given me by Mr. Dunn, not differing in any way from

the others.

P. rigidus.—Narrowly oblong-ova), moderately convex, shining, black,

the pronotum feebly picescent ; legs and antennal club pale; all the punctures

bearing minute sete. Head finely, somewhat closely punctate; front only

very feebly concave. Prothorax two-fifths wider than long; sides subparallel,

broadly rounded and feebly convergent toward apex, broadly sinuato-parallel

in basal half; lateral groove deep, entire; marginal space rather wide, some-

what feebly convex, strongly, densely punctate; transverse sulcus deep, the

segments convex, the anterior only slightly, though distinctly, shorter than

the posterior, equally finely, deeply punctate, the anterior rather closely, the

posterior a little more sparsely. lytra feebly inflated toward base, quite

distinctly wider than the prothorax and one-half longer, not very coarsely but

strongly and very closely punctate, with two short feeble and oblique basal

strie externally ; suture elevated except near the scutellum ; inflexed flanks

devoid of stria or carina. Pygidia rather finely but strongly, very densely

punctate, the propygidium less densely so; punctures distinctly setulose.

Under surface coarsely, rather closely punctate throughout; posterior lobe

Coleopterological Notices, V. 577

of the prosternum a little longer than wide, large, distinct, subtruncate aute-

riorly. Mesosternum triimpressed between the coxe, the oblique groove of

the metasternum fine and striiform. Anterior tibiz dilated and thinner exter-

nally toward apex. Length 1.25 mm.; width 0.7 mm.

Utah (southwestern).

Readily distinguishable from the two following species ee the

narrower form, finer sculpture, prosternal structure, and less un-

equally divided pronotum. A single specimen, recently taken by

Mr. C. J. Weidt.

P. cribratus.—Somewhat broadly oblong-oval, moderately convex, shin-

ing, black, the prothorax scarcely perceptibly picescent ; punctures extremely

minutely setigerous. Head strongly, closely punctate, the supra-antennal

prominences feeble. Prothorax nearly one-half wider than long, the sides

parallel and feebly sinuate to apical third, there broadly rounded to the

apex; marginal stria strong and sinuate toward base; inner marginal strong,

straight, flexed outward at base; interspace broad and feebly convex ante-

riorly, strongly, densely punctate ; discal sulcus strong, the segments convex,

the anterior three-fourths as long as the posterior, both deeply, closely punc-

tate. Scutellum small, triangular. Elytra not quite as long as wide, rather

abruptly tumid at the sides behind the humeri and slightly wider than the

prothorax, about one-half longer, the oblique basal strie feeble; punctures

rather coarse and very dense; suture distinctly, acutely elevated; inflexed

flanks deep but not modified, the lower margin broadly angulate. Pygidia

strongly, closely punctate, the propygidium less densely so. Under surface

coarsely, densely punctate, the punctures more or less longitudinally sub-

confluent. Hypomera deeply impressed internally, the subapical internal

emargination broadly rounded. Posterior lobe of the prosternum very small,

narrow, feebly punctulate, tuberculiform and compressed ; median line of the

mesosternum feebly impressed. Length 1.4 mm.; width 0.85 mm.

Colorado.

This distinct species may be known at once by its dense cribrate

sculpture and small posterior lobe of the prosternum.

P. molestus.—Rather broadly oblong-oval and convex, polished, dark

piceous-brown, the prothorax dark rufous; legs and antennal club pale.

Hlead finely but strongly, moderately closely punctate, the antennal promi-

nences rather feeble. Prothoraz about one-half wider than long, the sides

. subparallel and feebly sinuate in basal two-thirds, then broadly arcuate and

convergent to the truncate apex; inner lateral groove strong, the marginal

surface rather narrow, convex, strongly and closely punctate, becoming almost

obsolete at base between the widely expanded marginal and lateral grooves ;

discal sulcus very deep, the segments convex, the anterior rather more than

three-fourths as long as the posterior, finely but strongly, evenly and closely

punctate, the posterior rather sparsely and unevenly so, the punctures much

578 Coleopterological Notices, V.

coarser near the base. Elytra distinctly shorter than wide, broadly, evenly

inflated and rounded at the sides toward base, distinctly wider than the pro-

thorax but scarcely one-half longer; oblique basal striz very short but deeply

eroded ; suture acutely elevated ; inflexed flanks not striate; punctures coarse,

circular, deep, perforate, separated by rather less than their own widths.

Pygidia somewhat coarsely and closely punctate throughout. Under surface

very coarsely, rather closely but not confluently punctate; hypomera coarsely,

deeply concave; posterior lobe of the prosternum very small, rather feeble,

tuberculiform, bearing a few rather long setiform hairs. Legs short; anterior

tibie somewhat abruptly dilated, externally rounded and with seven or eight

short erect acuminate spicules in apical two-fifths. Length 1.2-1.3 mm.;

width 0.7-0.75 mm. ;

California (Lake Tahoe).

The dense cribrate sculpture and minute posterior lobe of the

prosternum will enable one to separate this species at once from

fraternus, which occurs abundantly in the same region, and, from

cribratus, it may be readily known by its smaller size, shorter

elytra—more rounded at the sides and more rapidly narrowed be-

hind,—more narrowly margined and more unevenly sculptured pro-

notum, pale coloration and several other characters.

PARNID.

The Parnide are closely related to the Heteroceride, and those

genera allied to Dryops display, in addition, an unmistakable affinity

with the Elateride. Their life habits are so obscure that probably

only a somewhat small proportion of the species are known at

present, and the number of genera is very large in proportion to

the species.

PSEPHENUS Hald.

The species known to me may be arranged as follows :—

Impression of the head not longitudinally divided ; elytra uniform in colora-

tion.

Sides of the prothorax strongly convergent, the apex not more than one-half

as wide as the base; antennz longer (trentonensis Zimm.).

lecontei Lec.

Sides of the prothorax feebly convergent, the apex much wider, two-thirds

to three-fourths as wide as the base.

Sides of the prothorax broadly rounded and subparallel toward base,

more convergent and nearly straight anteriorly............... fallin. sp.

a7 ae

Coleopterological Notices, V. 579

Sides evenly and feebly arcuate from base to apex... veluticollis n. sp.

Impression of the head longitudinally divided ; elytra pale at base.

haldemani Horn.

The characters of haldemani are taken from the original descrip-

tion.

Ps. falli.—Rather depressed, subcuneate, wider behind, black, the second

antennal joint paler; legs scarcely paler; integuments feebly shining, very

finely, closely sculptured, the pronotal punctures fine, obscure, those of the

elytra more distinct ; vestiture dense, consisting of very small coarse dense

and decumbent silvery hairs, intermixed with short stiff and sparser erect

sete. Head one-half as wide as the pronotal base, the eyes very convex and

prominent; front broadly, evenly concave; antenne as long as the head and

prothorax, the two basal joints thicker, the first much longer than the second,

remaining joints subequal in thickness, except the sixth which is just visibly

larger, outer joints gradually shorter and a little more closely united ; maxil-

lary palpi long. /Prothorax nearly twice as wide as long, the apex truncate,

two-thirds as wide as the base, the latter transverse, deeply and evenly bi-

sinuate; basal angles not rounded, directed posteriorly, less lateral than the

sides at basal fourth where the width is greatest; disk convex toward the

middle, even. Scutellum nearly as long as wide, rounded, pubescent. Llytra

at base as wide as the prothorax, much wider behind, nearly three times as

long, one-half longer than wide; humeri slightly rounded to the thoracic

angles; disk feebly and rather broadly elevated along the suture, somewhat

tumid near the base, the humeri prominent ; impressed lines feebly traceable

posteriorly. Legs moderate; femora stout; tibize slender, finely carinate ex-

ternally, the carina becoming broader and feeble, glabrous and longitudinally,

feebly strigilate toward apex ; tarsi slender, moderate in length. Length 3.8

mm.; width 1.9 mm.

California (los Angeles Co.). ,

The trochantin of the anterior coxe is very large, nearly as wide

as the entire coxa. The tvpe is a male and I have not seen the

female. :

This species was recently alluded to by Mr. Fall as having been

identified by me under the name leconter Since remounting the

single specimen, however, I find that it cannot be referred to

leconier, and take pleasure in giving it the name announced above.

Ps. veluticollis.—Moderately depressed, suboblong, feebly inflated

behind, rather shining though finely, closely punctulate, black throughout,

the legs only slightly paler; pronotal punctures rather strong and dense

anteriorly, becoming finer and sparse behind, sparse, fine and uneven on the

elytra. Head small, scarcely one-half as wide as the pronotal base; eyes con-

vex ; frontal impression prolonged backward along the median line; antenne

about as long as the head and prothorax, the basal joint nearly twice as long

580 Coleopterological Notices, V.

as wide, second but slightly wider and a little shorter than the third, remain-

ing joints equal in width, feebly subserrate, slightly smaller and closer toward

apex; maxillary palpi well developed, the last joint subsecuriform, rounded

at apex, deeply canaliculate along the under surface at the cariniform outer

edge throughout the length. Prothorax twice as wide as long, the apex fully

two-thirds as wide as the base, the latter broadly, strongly bisinuate; disk

widest at the basal angles, convex toward the middle, the lateral edges nar-

rowly reflexed. Scutellum a little wider than long, opaque, impressed. Elytra

one-third longer than wide, broadly rounded behind, dehiscent at apex, broadly

impressed in the middle, and obliquely from the humeri, to beyond the middle,

with feeble traces of impressed lines. Legs rather short ; femora stout; tibize

finely carinate externally ; tarsi slender, glabrous ; claws moderate, strongly

arcuate, with an internal dentiform swelling near the base. Length 3.84.8

mm.; width 2.0—’.7 mm.

California (Mendocino Co.).

I obtained a small colony of this species, almost motionless on

the under surface of a stone near a running brook. The descrip-

tion is drawn from the male, the temale being larger, with the pro-

notum dense and opaque velvety-black, the maxillary palpi much

less developed, the last joint being small, obliquely oval, with the

apex glabrous and polished, and the abdomen having only six seg-

ments. The shape of the prothorax is altogether different from

that of falli, and the sexual differences in the palpi are remarkable,

though probably more or less similar throughout the genus.

LUTROCHUS Erichs.

Our two species, both of which have long been known in collec-

tions, may be distinguished as foliows :—

Smaller, less elongate, the vestiture yellowish... Head. small, not more than

one-half as wide as the thoracic base. Sides of the prothorax more conver-

gent from base to apex. Scutellum smaller, but slightly wider than long.

. luteus Lec.

More elongate-oval, the elytra acute and slightly prominent at apex ; pubes-

cence darker. Head large, fully two-thirds as wide as the thoracic base.

Prothorax much more than twice as wide as long, the apex only slightly

narrower than the base; sides just visibly convergent from base to apex,

slightly arcuate; disk broadly convex. Scutellum one-half wider than

long, broadly ogival behind, very broadly arcuate at base. Remaining

characters nearly as in luteus. Length 2,9-3.6 mm.; width 1.6—2.0 mm.

Michig asc. eo clonsissapsr ion eadenane sehjega seesbaeqeinaie dn eae needed Ole Res mncnST

Laticeps is represented by a large series; it is closely allied to

luteus but must be regarded as distinct.

Coleopterological Notices, V. 581

Certain features of the under surface of this genus are suggestive

of the Histeride. The glabrous intermediate tibie and tarsi do not

‘seem to have been referred to in the books.

PELONOMUS Erichs.

The species of this genus are few in number; the one described

below is closely allied to obscurus, but is shorter, broader and paler

in color.

Pp. rufescens n. sp.—Dark red-brown, stout, convex, densely clothed

with very short coarse hairs and less densely with longer erect sete, the punc-

tures fine but strong, extremely dense on the head and pronotum, less dense

on the elytra, the latter with very feeble longitudinal impressed lines. Head

two-thirds as wide as the pronotal base; eyes large, convex and prominent,

densely setose; antenne nearly as in obscurus. Prothorax one-half wider than

long, the sides feebly convergent from base to apex, broadly, feebly arcuate,

just visibly sinuate near the basal and apical angles, the latter acute and

anteriorly prominent ; disk evenly, rather strongly convex ; apex subtruncate,

the base broadly, strongly bisinuate and also emarginate at the scutellum.

Scutellum transverse, obtusely angulate behind. Elytra barely twice as long

as wide, a little more than three times as long as the prothorax, acutely ogival

behind, the suture broadly and feebly impressed on the posterior declivity.

Under surface paler, the three pairs of coxe separated by exactly the same

distance. Megs moderate, the tibial spurs short, stout, widely separated ;

tarsi slender, the posterior two-thirds as long as the tibie. Length 5.5-6.3

mm.; width 2.3-2.5 mm.

Florida.

Readily separable from obscurus by the more obese form, more

widely separated middle coxe, more transverse and much more

broadly angulate scutellum, and by the very narrow and not

broadly angulate apical prosternal fissure behind the eyes. The

type is a female; the male has the last joint of the anterior tarsi

very feebly dilated but scarcely as strongly so as in obscurus.

OBERONUS 2. gen.

Eyes, palpi and general structure nearly as in Pelonomus. In-

termediate coxe large, subglobular, contiguous, the metasternum

forming an acutely elevated transverse and feebly arcuate ridge

behind them, the mesosternum a transversely tumid, deeply and

anteriorly excavated process before.

0. obesus n.sp.—Broadly oblong-oval, convex, black ; palpi, tibie, tarsi

and abdomen toward apex rufescent, densely clothed with very short stiff

582 Coleopterological Notices, V.

silvery hairs and long erect sete; punctures fine but strong, very dense on the

pronotum, smaller and much sparser on the elytra, the latter rather shining

and with feebly impressed longitudinal lines. Head three-fifths as wide as

the pronotal disk ; eyes large, prominent, densely pubescent; antenne closely

approximate, nearly as in Pelonomus; last joint of the maxillary palpi nearly

twice as long as the third, slender, subfusiform, slightly thicker beyond than

behind the middle, acuminate toward apex. Prothorax two-fifths wider than

long, the sides very feebly convergent from base to apex, feebly arcuate,

straight near the basal angles, broadly, strongly sinuate near the apical, the

latter acute and obliquely, anteriorly prominent ; apex truncate; base trans-

verse, deeply bisinuate, emarginate at the scutellum; disk evenly convex,

the side-margins acute. Scutellum well developed, a little wider than long,

rounded anteriorly, strongly angulate behind. £lytra three-fourths longer

than wide, barely three times as long as the prothorax, gradually feebly

inflated behind, at base as wide as the prothorax; apex broadly, obtusely

ogival ; disk declivous behind. Prosternum greatly developed before the coxe,

broadly arcuate, the sublateral fissures behind the eyes open but short, tri-

angular ; coxe rather widely separated, the process obtusely acuminate, cari-

nate along the middle, reveived in the deep mesosternal aperture. Legs short;

femora stout, densely pubescent ; tibiz and tarsi more sparsely clothed with

longer flying hairs; tibial spurs small, remote; posterior tarsi two-thirds as

long as the tibie, nearly as in Pelonomus. Length 5.3 mm.; width 2.5 mm.

Tennessee (Memphis). Mr. Soltau.

The structure of the intermediate coxe and of the adjoining parts

of the metasternum is so radically different from Pelonomus, that I

am forced to separate this species generically, although its facies is

completely that of Pelonomus. The type is a male, having the

last joint of the anterior tarsi dilated, more broadly than in Pelo-

nomus, gradually more inflated toward base and with its under

surface sensitive, though only feebly pubescent.

NARPUS n. gen.

Body narrow, convex, the elytra striato-punctate. Head re-

ceived rather deeply in the prothorax, the eyes moderately large,

nude, distant, somewhat coarsely faceted ; antenne widely distant,

inserted in fovee adjacent to the eyes; epistoma large, feebly trape-

zoidal with the angles rounded, the apex broadly sinuato-truncate ;

suture fine, straight ; antenne and oral organs missing in the type.

Prothorax long, the pronotum very declivous at the sides, almost

vertical toward apex, without sublateral line, the margin acute, nar-

rowly reflexed; hypomera only inflexed very slightly beyond the.

vertical, wide, the inner margin wide and thickened, still more so

—.*

Coleopterological Nofices, V. 583

at the coxe, which are transversely oval, furnished with a distinct

external irochantin, and separated by a little Jess than their own

width, the process gradually narrowed posteriorly, flat, obtusely

rounded behind, the sides continued forward along the well de-

veloped prosternum to the anterior margin by diverging straight

ridges; apical lobe short, broadly rounded and deflexed. Interme-

diate coxze very remote, the mesosternum with a shallow median

pit which receives the apex of the prosternal process. Posterior

coxe transverse, the upper margin not at all lamelliform, separated

by about one-half the meso-coxal interval. Metasternum large,

the parapleure narrow, parallel. Abdomen with five subequal

segments, the fifth a little longer, the third and especially the

fourth suture strongly flexed posteriorly at the sides. Legs slen-

der, moderatelv long; tarsi very long, the posterior about as long

as the tibiw, with the four basal joints elongate, the fifth slightly.

longer than the two preceding combined; claws long, arcuate;

tibial spurs small, remote.

This interesting genus is founded upon a single example, which

I found dead and mutilated some years ago. It should be placed

near Dryops, and differs in having raised prosterna] lines, in its

much longer prosternum and distinct epipleurz ; the latter are dis-

tinctly defined but narrow, not quite attaining the elytral apex and

gradually slightly wider toward base.

N.angustus n. sp.—Slender, very convex, black, the tarsi paler; integu-

ments shining, sparsely clothed with rather long coarse and decumbent silvery

pubescence. Head only slightly visible from above. Prothorax nearly as long

as wide, the sides feebly convergent and slightly arcuate from base to apex,

the latter broadly arcuate, advanced beyond the greatly deflexed apical angles,

which are acute and slightly prominent; base closely fitted to the elytra,

transverse, broadly evenly and feebly bisinuate, not at all emarginate at the

scutellum, the angles acute but not exposed; disk very convex, greatly de-

ivous laterally, transversely biimpressed near the middle before the base,

not very coarsely but deeply, perforately punctate, the punctures very dense

laterally but well separated toward the middle. Scutellum moderate, as long

as wide, ogival behind, parallel toward base, the latter truncate. lytra very

Slightly inflated behind the middle, rather more than twice as long as wide,

nearly one-third wider than the prothorax and scarcely three times as long,

acutely triangular behind in apical third ; humeri somewhat broadly rounded

to the prothorax ; disk gradually feebly declivous behind, with nine narrow

but strong, even, coarsely and approximately punctate strie, the intervals

nearly flat, minutely, confusedly, not densely punctulate. Length 3.0 mm.;

width 1.2 mm

584 Coleopterological Notices, V.

California (Mendocino Co.).

The small size, narrow form and complete absence of any scutellar

modification of the basal lobe of the pronotum, will readily distin-

guish this species from any Dryops known to our fauna.

ELATERIDA.

ALAUS Esch.

A. Zunianus n. sp.—Elongate, very convex, shining, black throughout,

the upper surface with sparse patches of dense yellowish-white squamiform

pubescence; vestiture elsewhere less dense, black ; integuments finely closely

and distinctly punctate, the punctures larger on the prothorax, becoming

coarse and very dense anteriorly, the elytra with series of small but strong,

close-set punctures, the two or three series nearest the suture not coinciding

with the feebly impressed lines. Head impressed anteriorly, coarsely, densely

punctate, the punctures intermingled with finer punctules; vestiture in great

part pale; antenne scarcely extending to basal third of the prothorax, nearly

as in gorgops Prothorax scarcely as long as wide, parallel, broadly and dis-

tinctly arcuate at the sides, the ornamentation as in gorgops. Scutellum

abruptly more declivous anteriorly. lytra as wide as the prothorax and

distinctly more than twice as long, the usual large black spot at the sides

well defined and bordered anteriorly by a large solid patch of the pale pubes-

cence. Under surface with some patches, more or less isolated, of pale pubes-

cence near the sides; prosternum longitudinally canaliculate between the

coxe. Length 33.0-44.0 mm.; width 10.0-13.5 mm.

Arizona.

The three specimens before me represent a species allied to

gorgops, resembling that species especially in the large uneven

and isolated patches of pale pubescence, which are here still larger

and less numerous. It differs greatly in general form and sculp-

ture, the sides of the prothorax being nearly straight in gorgops,

with the elytra scarcely twice as long, and with the elytral punc-

tures very fine and sparse, the series composed of much smaller and

more remote punctures, and coinciding with the feeble impressed

lines. In zunianus the pronotum is finely but distinctly canalicu-

late along the middle, and the eye-like spots are more distant from

the edge and more approximate than in gorgops; the last segment

of the abdomen is devoid of pale vestiture in the three specimens

before me.

Lusciosus Hope, with which gorgops is united by Candéze, is

stated to be shorter in form than oculatus, this is distinctly true

Coleopterological Notices, V. 585

of gorgops, but in zunianus the form is fully as elongate as in

oculatus.

Note—Chalcolepidius behrensi Cand., has been taken by Mr.

Dunn at Benson, Arizona.

THROSCID &.

PACTOPUS Lec.

The two species of this genus, which are indicated by the mate-

rial in my cabinet, may be distinguished thus :—

Very elongate, the elytra more than twice as long as wide; prothorax strongly

enveloping the humeri, the sides deeply sinuate anteriorly, as well as con-

vergent; eyes larger, separated by about twice their own width. Length

MMI WAG (1. GMM cess occ cntocincscet sorter ceviess ars cceh@ssccace eso ROKIEE LEC:

Less elongate, the elytra not more than twice as long as wide, the eyes rather

smaller, separated by distinctly more than twice their own width ; protho-

rax a little less strongly enveloping the elytral humeri, the sides strongly

convergent to the apex but only very feebly sinuate. Remaining characters

nearly as in horni, the intermediate coxe very slightly more widely sepa-

rated. Length 3.2-4.2 mm.; width 1.3-1.6 mm. California (San Francisco

AMS OL MZ COG SM esc ctciovewes avciesciecs cesiens cgvlarciers Susicossceecveee ses MUCMNSE Ile Sp.

Of fuchsi, I have three specimens, similar among themselves

but differing greatly in size; they were very kindly presented to

me by Mr. Chas. Fuchs of San Francisco, to whom I take pleasure

in dedicating an interesting addition to the family. My four ex-

amples of horni are more uniform in size, and are from Washing-

ton State and Nevada; it is probably more boreal in habitat than

fuchst.

CERAMBYCID.

ANCYLOCERA Serv.

In general facies the species of Ancylocera are very similar

among themselves, and the two separated below are identical in

coloration; they may be distinguished as follows :—

Antenne of the female two-thirds as long as the body ; flanks of the prothorax

transversely rugose as far as the coxe, where the plications abruptly ter-

minate, the prosternum before the coxe very coarsely punctate.

bicolor Oliv.

Annals N. Y. Acap. Scr., VII, Dec. 1893.—38

586 Coleopterological Notices, V.

Antenne in the female one-half as long as the body; flanks of the prothorax

simply punctate beneath, the prosternum much less coarsely punctate.

Black, the elytra and abdomen red, polished. Head coarsely, strongly

punctate, feebly impressed along the middle. Prothorax one-half longer

than wide, the sides broadly arcuate, more convergent and feebly constricted

near the base, the latter equal in width to the apex, both truncate; disk

coarsely, deeply punctate, the punctures forming transverse ruge which are

obsolete along the median line and gradually evanescent beneath. Scutellum

small, impunctate, the horizontal posterior part not carinate and not longer

than wide. Elytra parallel, not quite twice as long as the prothorax, nearly

two and one-half times as long as wide, narrowly truncate at apex, impressed

and punctate nearly as in bicolor, but rather less densely. Length 8.5 mm. ;

Width 2.0 mm. Florida... ...... ccs ececes cee cee cos ceeeceseeeee DFEWICOFMNIS ND. sp.

In bicolor the transverse area behind the buccal opening is more

finely sculptured than in brevicornis, and the transverse prosternal

constriction is very much deeper; brevicornis is slightly the smaller

of the two.

TRAGIDION Serv.

The species of this genus may be known by the following charac-

ters :—

Third joint of the hind tarsi not longer, and but seldom visibly wider than,

the second ; elytra corrugated.

Antenne more or less pale, the swollen apices of the pale joints black and

abruptly more densely pubescent.

Antenne entirely black toward apex; elytra strongly narrowed from base

to apex; large species, the black hairs of the pronotum and legs with

a strong cobalt-blue reflection ..........00sesececcesers -annulatum

Antenne pale throughout, the apices of all die’ Joints black; elytra

parallel; size smaller, black; the hairs without blue reflection; hind

tibie moderately dilated and compressed.................:--- AUrIpenne

Antenne black throughout; apices of the joints feebly swollen but not

more densely pubescent.

Third joint of the hind tarsi scarcely shorter than the second ; posterior

tibie not distinctly modified ; elytra varying from black with a small

fulvous spot behind the humeri to completely fulvous except at the

basal margin. Sista slotdlalereisredeinis c ai totes misraymiels ine mieirctaniemteieieceleiieiste atemate . Coquus

Third joint out very ah as than the second ; eine tibize

broader, strongly compressed; elytra fulvous throughout except at

base.. wads dee saldiag abode hebreas aise sinen io Mmaneteaetane eecleteclaleiays . fulvipenne

Third joint of the hind tarsi aac lonees and aout wider than the

second; elytra not corrugated, parallel, each with three feeble and minutely |

costuliform lines; pronotal punctures in the male minute and dense but

becoming abruptly coarse in an apical band, the posterior transverse margin

of which is multisinuate; in the female minute and dense throughout.

armatum

Coleopterological Notices, V. 587

Fulvipenne Say, is not by any means a variety of coquus, but is

specifically distinct. Coquus Linn. has the pronotum in the male

rather coarsely punctured throughout, except near the base, but in

the female very finely extremely densely so; this character may

also be common to the other allied species, but cannot be verified

at present because of their denser and longer vestiture. The sexual

disparity of armatum in pronotal sculpture is very remarkable.

T. auripenme n. sp.—Parallel, convex, black, the elytra bright aureo-

fulvous except at the basal margin; pubescence dense, assuming the color of

the integuments, recumbent on the elytra where it is dense and arranged

obliquely on the strong corrugations but very inconspicuous in the intervals,

erect on the pronotum where it is short, not concealing the surface sculpture.

Head moderate, densely punctate, the antennal prominences acute; antenne

very slender, about one-half longer than the body, basal joint oval, twice

as long as wide, three-fifths as long as the third, second slightly longer than

wide, four to seven equal, a little shorter than the third, eleventh with the

appendage as long as the basal part and feebly bent at apex. Prothorax a

little wider than long; apex slightly wider than the base, the acute and

prominent lateral tubercles slightly behind the middle; disk opaque, feebly

and finely 5-tuberculate, the median tubercle larger and polished ; punctures

coarse, very dense, abruptly fine and extremely dense near the base. Scutel-

lum roughly punctate. lytra three times as long as wide; sides parallel, the

humeri obtusely prominent; apex conjointly broadly rounded; disk of each

with five strong narrow ridges, the fourth joining the fifth before the middle.

Legs slender, the posterior much longer, with the tibiz somewhat dilated and

compressed. Length 14.0-20.0 mm.; width 3.8-5.7 mm.

Utah (southwestern); Arizona.

The three specimens in my cabinet are males and I have not seen

the female. This species is somewhat smaller than coquus, but all

the species vary enormously in size. .

Among the eleven specimens of coquus in my cabinet there are

only, three females; the elytral corrugations in that species are

always much wider and more feeble than in fulwipenne ; the form

of the hind tibiz will however distinguish them at once.

BATYLE Thom.

B. cylindrella n. sp.—Narrow, cylindrical, polished, bright red

throughout, the elytral suture not darker, post-sterna blackish; legs pale,

the tarsi black except near base and apex; antenne rufo-testaceous, dark

toward apex especially toward the apices of the joints; vestiture very sparse,

coarse, erect, not very long, pale luteous in color. Head finely, remotely

punctate, almost completely impunctate before the antenne, the latter slender,

588 Coleopterological Notices, V.

not quite as long as the body, the third joint one-third longer than the fourth.

Prothorux nearly as long as wide, the base and apex subequal, truncate; sides

parallel, evenly and strongly arcuate; disk even, finely feebly and very

remotely punctate. Scutellum small, impressed, scarcely darker. Elytra long,

fully two and one-half times as long as wide; humeri slightly prominent ;

sides parallel and straight; apices individually evenly and strongly rounded ;

suture margined ; disk coarsely, sparsely punctate, the punctures less coarse

toward apex. JLegs slender, moderately densely clothed with rather short

even pubescence; hind femora slightly darker at tip; tarsi slender, first joint

of the posterior as long as the entire remainder, second rather more than twice

as long as wide. Length 9.5 mm.; width 2.3 mm.

Texas (E1 Paso).

The male serving as the type has the prosternum before the coxe

scarcely depressed but coarsely very densely punctate and more

densely pubescent, as in many species of Stenosphenus. ‘This

sexual mark exists also in B. suturalis, from which the present

species differs in its more elongate form, shorter and coarser

pubescence, which is pale and not black, less punctate head and

more elongate legs.

OXOPLUS Lec.

The differences between this genus and Crossidius are exceed-

ingly slight, and it is probable that the two will have to be merged at

no distant day; the type of ornamentation is identical in each. The

following species differs from any of those hitherto described in the

development of the fine elytral ridges, which are distinct very nearly

to the apex.

@®. coccimeus n. sp.—Moderately stout, convex, feebly shining, bright

scarlet, the head, antenne, entire under surface between the anterior and

posterior coxe, apical and basal beads of the prothorax, scutellum, basal

margin of the elytra, and a common narrow sutural dash in apical half black ;

pubescence pale, extremely short, sparse and inconspicuous, rather short

sparse and blackish on the legs. Head coarsely densely and unevenly punc-

tate; antennz slender, about one-fourth longer than the body, the appendage

of the eleventh joint scarcely more than one-third of the total length, with its

apex abruptly concave internally and arcuately pointed. Prothorax one-half

wider than long, the lateral tubercles acute and strong; basal bead very

prominent at the sides; disk very coarsely, closely punctate, with five large

concolorous tubercles which are scarcely less punctate than the remainder of

the surface. Scutellum finely, closely punctate. lytra at base distinctly

wider than the prothorax, fully four times as long; sides distinctly conver-

gent from the rather prominent humeri to the apex, which is truncate, the

sutural angles acute and slightly prolonged ; disk very coarsely, closely punc-

-Coleopterological Notices, V. 589

tate, less coarsely so toward apex, and with three fine almost entire carinules,

narrowly impressed along each side of the suture toward base. Legs slender,

the posterior long, with the tarsi fully three-fourths as long as the tibie.

Length 19.0-20.0 mm.; width 5.7-6.3 mm.

Utah (southwestern ).

The description is taken from three perfectly similar males, the

single female before me being slightly more robust, with more par-

allel elytra, in which the narrow sutural dash of black becomes very

broad, abruptly narrowed to the suture just before the middle, not

extending to the edges except at apex. The antenne in the female

are scarcely three-fourths as long as the body but not much stouter

than in the male, and the posterior legs, and especially the tarsi, are

decidedly shorter. This species belongs near corallinus Lec.

CROSSIDIUS Lec.

C. blandi n. sp.—Narrow, cylindrical, shining, bright rufous, the head

and postpectus black; elytral blue-black area extending from the base for a

short distance, then abruptly contracted, extending narrowly along the suture,

gradually becoming wider to the middle where it becomes parallel, extending

with two-thirds of the total width to apical fourth where it is abruptly widened

nearly to the lateral edges, thence extending broadly to and enveloping the

apex ; pubescence long, sparse, erect and cinereous throughout. Head very

densely, coarsely punctate; antenne a little longer than the body in the male,

two-thirds as long in the female, slender. Prothorar wider than long, parallel

and evenly rounded at the sides, evenly convex, coarsely punctate, the punc-

tures very uneven, dense near the apex, sparse elsewhere. Eiytra slightly

wider than the prothorax, a little more than twice as long as the head and

prothorax combined, each broadly and evenly rounded at apex without trace

of truncature, reéntrant at the suture, the angles rounded ; disk very coarsely

punctate, the punctures everywhere distinctly separated aud becoming but

slightly less coarse toward apex. Prosternum before the coxe very coarsely

punctate in the male, finely and inconspicuously so and less pubescent in the

female. Length 7.7-9.5 mm.; width 2.0-2.5 mm.

Utah (southwestern). |

This beautiful little species is widely distinct from discoideus in

its smaller size, narrower form and sparse punctuation, especially

of the pronotum, and from pulchror Bland—wbich does not appear

to be exactly the same as dzscotdeus—it differs in the uneven pro-

notal punctuation, and in the gradually and not abruptly anteriorly

narrowed black area of the elytra. In discoideus the elytra are

always feebly but perceptibly truncate at apex, and the pronotum

is scarcely ever devoid of the two subapical black spots, of which

there is no trace in bland?. Four specimens.

‘590 Ooieoplerological Notices, V.

XYLOTRECHUS Chev.

The following species is allied to undulatus Say, but differs in

the much broader bands before and behind the middle of the ley

interrupted only at the suture.

X. gsemellus n. sp.—Moderately stout, convex, dark red-brown in color,

densely clothed with short pubescence, generally dark in color but suffusedly

white at the apex of the pronotum and obliquely at the sides toward base ;.

on the elytra the white pubescence is suffused at base throughout the width,

and, on each elytron there is a short longitudinal line behind the scutellum,

a short transverse discal line near the base, a broad and transversely lunate

band at basal two-fifths not produced anteriorly along the suture, a transverse

internally dilated spot at apical third, and a more suffused apical band. Head

with the two short frontal caring distinct ; antenne slender, filiform and equal

throughout, two-fifths as long as the body, first four joints clothed with paler

ashy hairs, third distinctly the longest, tenth fully one-half longer than wide.

Prothorax wider than long, constricted and broadly pedunculate at base,

coarsely and rugosely sculptured in short transverse confused ridges through-

out. Elytra a little more than twice as long as wide, at base equal in width

to the pronotal disk; sides nearly straight, distinctly convergent from base

to apex, the latter broadly arcuato-truncate and feebly oblique, the external

angle obtuse but not at all rounded. Legs slender; basal joint of the hind

tarsi strongly compressed and much longer than the remainder. Length

14.0-15.0 mm.; width 4.0 mm.

Indiana.

From undulatus and its varieties this species may be known at

once by the coarser sculpture of the pronotum, suffused pale pubes-

cence at the base of the elytra throughout the width, much less

prominent frontal caring and several other features. The trans-

verse bands are wholly different in form, being wider, and poste-

riorly arcuate at the point where, in undulatus, they are anteriorly

angulate. There can be scarcely any doubt of the distinctness of

these species, although gemellus has possibly been regarded here-

tofore as a variety of undulatus. ‘Two specimens.

CYRTOPHORUS Lec.

The two species may be distinguished as follows :—

Larger and stouter, the pronotum compressed and prominent along the middle ;

basal elevations of the elytra strong; third antennal joint strongly spinose.

verrucosus Oliv.

Smaller and less convex, the pronotum not at all compressed ; basal elevations

feeble; third antennal joint briefly dentato-spinose within at apex.

imsimuans 0. sp.

Coleopterological Notices, V. 591

The second species makes one of the passages between Cyrto-

phorus and Microclytus, but’ the third joint of the antenne in the

latter is not in the least spinose, and the second is very nearly as

long as the fourth; the body and legs, also, are clothed with long

flying hairs, which are almost, but not quite, wanting in Cyrto-

phorus.

C. insinuans.—Parallel, moderately convex, black in color; antenne,

except the basal joint, and the legs in part more or less indefinitely paler ;

elytra rufescent toward base; head and pronotum densely dull, the elytra

shining. Head finely, densely sculptured ; eyes as in verrucosus, the upper

lobe not acute; antennz slender, almost as long as the body, the second joint

scarcely more than one-half as long as the fourth, the latter distinctly shorter

than the fifth, third nearly one-half longer than the fourth. Prothorux not

‘quite as long as wide; sides parallel, feebly arcuate, strongly convergent near

the base, the latter much narrower than the apex; disk finely, densely sculp-

tured, the larger punctures isolated and defined by slightly elevated margius ;

pubescence short, decumbent and inconspicuous. /ytra more than twice as

long as wide, one-third wider than the prothorax and more than three times

as long; sides parallel; apices narrowly truncate; angles not prominent ;

pubescent spots and bands as in verrucosus but with the basal line much less

oblique, more oblique however than in Microclytus. Legs short, slender;

femora moderately clavate; tibize with short subdecumbent and uniform

pubescence; tarsi short, the basal joint not as long as the remainder. Length

6.0 mm.; width 1.8 mm.

Canada (Ontario).

The characters given in the table will readily distinguish this

species from verrucosus; in fact it much more closely resembles

Microclytus gazellula, but differs in the characters which have been

given to separate the two genera. A single example, probably

male.

EUDERCES Lec.

E. exilis n. sp.—Moderately convex, pale rufous throughout, except the

abdomen and apical half of the elytra, which are black ; head and pronotum

alutaceous, minutely but strongly, evenly reticulate, not at all longitudinally

strigose. Head flat above, rather coarsely, unevenly punctate, the eyes com-

pletely divided, the upper lobe small, smooth, devoid of lenses except two

or three near the upper angle; antenne slender, three-fourths as long as the

body, the second joint scarcely twice as long as wide, about one-third as long

as the third, a little shorter than the fourth, the latter much shorter than

five to seven, which are equal, third joint with a strong and distinct internal

spine at apex, the fourth with a minute spine. Prothorax one-third longer

than wide, the sides parallel and feebly arcuate in apical half, becoming

592 Coleopterological Notices, V.

strongly convergent and arcuate toward base, the latter very briefly pedun-

culate and scarcely more than one-half as-wide as the disk; apex broadly

arcuate; disk impunctate, except in a large oblong-oval median area, where

the punctures are small but strong, distinct and tuberculiform ; interspaces

perfectly smooth but dull. lytra twice as long as wide, at base scarcely

wider than the prothorax, gradually moderately inflated and more convex in

apical half, together broadly rounded behind; basal tubercles feeble; disk

dull and with dense deep and polygonally crowded punctures in basal half,

except at the humeri, feebly rugulose but shining behind, with a single

transverse raised ivory band before the middle and interrupted at the suture.

Legs moderate ; femora strongly swollen beyond the middle and again narrow

at apex; tarsi short. Length 4.25 mm.; width 1.25 mm.

Texas.

The vestiture is very sparse, consisting of some long erect pale

hairs on the prothorax, a few longer near the base of the elytra,

and numerous short erect pale ashy hairs on the posterior declivity.

This species is stouter than reichez and may be known immediately

by the spinose antenne. It is not at all closely allied to spznicornis

Chev. In reichez the pronotal punctures are confined similarly to

a large discal patch, but the interspaces are finely rugose; the pro-

thorax in that species is narrower and much less strongly and ab-

ruptly narrowed toward base.

LEPTURA Linn.

L. gaurotoides n. sp.—Broad, nearly as in Gaurotes, moderately con-

vex, dull, the elytra feebly shining ; body, legs and antennz intense black

throughout; pubescence short, dark and inconspicuous. Head moderately

finely, extremely densely punctate; eyes rather large, the emargination small

but deep; antenne very short, filiform but stout, with the joints compactly

joined, one-half as long as the body, without-trace of sensitive patches, first

joint longer than the next two combined, third twice as long as wide, longer

than the fourth but shorter than the fifth, tenth less than twice as long as

wide, eleventh a little shorter than the two preceding together, gradually and

acutely pointed from near the middle. Prothorax transverse, one-half wider

than long, more than three-fourths wider than the head, the sides angulate

and slightly prominent at apical third, where the width is slightly less than

at base; sides broadly sinuate in basal two-thirds, rapidly convergent from

the lateral angles to the apex, which is truncate and one-half as wide as the

base; basal angles only very slightly prominent laterally; disk scarcely

visibly and widely impressed transversely near the base, just perceptibly flat-

tened along the middle, convex, rather coarsely, extremely densely punctate,

the punctures circular and deep. Scutellum a little wider than long, the apex

broadly and transversely truncate. lytra three-fourths longer than wide, at

the humeri one-third wider than the prothorax; sides convergent from the

Coleopterological Notices, V. 593

evenly rounded humeri to the apex, each elytron evenly and strongly rounded

at apex, without trace of truncature, slightly dehiscent at the suture toward

tip; disk strongly, evenly, rather closely but not densely punctate. Legs

slender, moderate in length, the first joint of the hind tarsi a little longer

than the next two, not at all finely pubescent beneath. Length 9.5 mm.;

width 4.4 mm.

Utah (southwestern).

This very distinct species may be placed at present near insta-

bilis, which it resembles in general form and in the outline of the

prothorax. The truncate scutellum is however a feature which

differentiates it widely from that and nearly every other form; in

dolorosa the scutellum is truncate, but otherwise that species is not

at all allied. Gaurotoides is only distantly related to brevicornis.

PTYCHODES Serv.

The two species of this tropical genus which cross the southern

border of the United States may be known by the following char-

acters :—

Pronotum and elytra with three cretate vitte, the sutural vitta extending to

about apical fourth or fifth and irregular in outline; antenne longer, the

third joint more than twice as long as the fourth; anterior legs of the male

greatly elongate, the femur about two-thirds as long as the elytra.

trilimeatus Linn.

Pronotum without trace of the median white vitta, the sutural vitta of the

elytra confined to basal fifth, where it abruptly and completely terminates ;

antenne shorter, the third joint rather less than twice as long as the fourth ;

anterior legs of the male less elongate, the femur not more than one-half as

long as the elytra. Head deeply, narrowly furrowed between the antennae,

the latter twice as long as the body, slender, the third joint gradually

thicker and strongly rugose toward base, eleventh distinctly shorter than

the third, very slender, the appendage nearly as long as the basal part

and just visibly arcuate. Prothorax scarcely as long as wide, coarsely, trans-

versely plicate. Elytra two and one-half times as long as wide, the lateral

vitta equal and continuous from the eyes nearly to the apex’; disk sparsely

punctate, strongly so toward base, clothed rather densely with short gray

hairs, also with scattered spots of reddish-ochreous pubescence of similar

structure. Length 23.0 mm.; width 5.8mm. Arizona.

abbreviatus n. sp.

The spots of dense ochreous pubescence are much more conspicuous

than in ¢rilineatus (— vittatus Fab.) and are less lineate in arrange-

ment; the elytral punctures are stronger, and the sutural spines are

only one-half as long. A single male example.

594 Coleopterological Notices, V.

APPEN DIX.

As the present paper was passing through the press I received

an important set of western Aleocharini from Mr. Wickham, of

which the two following species deserve notice at the present time.

MYRMOBIOTA n. gen.

' Head well inserted, subparallel at the sides, not constricted, the

eyes rather small, at distinctly more than their own length from

the base; infralateral carina strong, entire. Antenne thick, the

basal joint but slightly longer and thicker than the second, each

one-half longer than wide; third slightly shorter than the second,

only very feebly obconical, a little longer than wide; fourth slightly

wider than long; four to ten evenly and gradually but rapidly in-

creasing in width, obconical and perfoliate, the tenth nearly twice as

wide as long; eleventh short, conoidal, a little longer than wide,

not as long as the two preceding. Maxillary palpi slender; third

joint longer than the second, almost cylindrical; fourth feebly ob-

lique, rather small. Mentum transverse, trapezoidal, with a thin

translucent apical extension. Ligula with a short thick parallel

process which is broadly rounded at apex; labial palpi three-

jointed, the joints distinct, rapidly decreasing in thickness. Pro-

thorax narrowed at base, the hypomera broad, entire and hori-

zontal. Elytra ample. Abdomen rapidly narrowed from base to

apex, the first two tergites broadly impressed at base; third a

little longer than the fourth and much shorter than the fifth.

Anterior coxe large and elongate, the intermediate narrowly sepa-

rated, the mesosternal process long, gradually finely acuminate, ex-

tending nearly to their summits, with its apex free and superposed

upon the apex of the short triangular metasternal process. Meta-

sternum moderate, the side-pieces gradually wider behind, the epi- |

mera obliquely truncate posteriorly, the obliquely pointed apex

extending behind the elytra. Legs slender, moderate in length,

Coleopterological Notices, V. 595

clothed with short coarse pubescence; tarsi distinctly 5-5-5-jointed,

the posterior only slightly more than one-half as Jong as the tibiez,

with the first joint a little longer than the second and equal to the

fifth ; claws small.

This genus is allied closely to Homeusa, but differs altogether

in the form of the prothorax, in the less inflexed hypomera, shorter

and stouter process of the ligula, triangular process of the meta-

sternum, this being transverse and not entering the intercoxal

space in Homeceusa, in its more posteriorly prominent met-epimera,

much shorter basal joint of the hind tarsi and longer fourth ventral

segment.

M. crassicornis n. sp.—Rather narrowly fusiform, convex, moderately

shining, minutely reticulate, the abdomen more finely and densely so and

quite dull; color rufo-testaceous throughout; integuments rather coarsely

and strongly punctate, the pronotum very densely so, the abdomen much

more sparsely ; pubescence short, decumbent and rather inconspicuous, the

abdomen with longer erect hairs toward apex. Head transversely orbicular,

convex, the front subimpunctate and polished, two-thirds as wide as the

prothorax ; antenne very distant at base, somewhat short, but slightly longer

than the head and prothorax, very strongly incrassate, finely pubescent and

with moderately long erect sete. Prothorax two-thirds wider than long, widest

at the middle where the sides are broadly and obtusely angulate, thence con-

vergent and straight to base and apex, the latter broadly arcuate and much

narrower than the base which is broadly arcuate, becoming straight near the

basal angles, the latter slightly obtuse, not rounded and not at all prominent;

apical deflexed, obtusely rounded; disk strongly convex, feebly, somewhat

obliquely impressed toward the sides and broadly, very feebly so along the

median line. lytra equal in width to the base of the prothorax, about as

long as the latter; sides straight and parallel ; humeri concealed; disk per-

ceptibly and transversely convex. Abdomen as long as the anterior parts, at

base just visibly narrower than the elytra, at the apex of the fifth segment

one-half as wide as the latter; sides straight; border moderate; surface

transversely convex, becoming subtubulate toward tip. Length 23 mm.;

width 0.65 mm.

Iowa (Iowa City).

I have not seen any specimens of the ant with which this species

occurs. The pubescence of the under surface of the abdomen is

long and bristling. A single specimen, probably female.

MYRMECOCHARA EKraatz.

As remarked by Mr. Schwarz, it is beyond doubt that this genus

—which is also related to Homceusa—is myrmecophilous and not

596 Coleopterological Notices, V.

termitophilous. The following species occurs with a small slender

yellow ant, apparently of the genus Solenopsis :—

M. crinita n. sp.—Fusiform, convex, somewhat shining, pale yellowish-

testaceous throughout, the pubescence long, suberect, rather dense and very

conspicuous, with long sparse sete bristling along the sides of the body;

punctuation fine, somewhat close but not at all conspicuous. Head trans-

verse, three-fourths as wide as the prothorax, the eyes rather small and

coarsely faceted, obliquely oval, at their own length from the base; infra-

lateral carina feeble but distinct; antenne slender, quite distinctly longer

than the head and prothorax, just visibly incrassate, the second joint longer

than the third, the latter longer than wide, four to ten subsimilar, rather

compactly joined, small, only slightly wider than long, eleventh very long,

compressed, gradually pointed, nearly as long as the four preceding combined.

Prothorax twice as wide as long, the sides convergent and very feebly arcuate

from base to apex, the latter transversely truncate, narrower than the base

which is strongly and evenly arcuate throughout; angles slightly rounded,

the anterior scarcely at all deflexed ; hypomera strongly inflexed and invisi-

ble from the side. lytra a little shorter and narrower than the prothorax,

strongly transverse; sides feebly divergent from base to apex, the latter

transverse; humeri completely concealed. Abdomen conical, at base slightly

narrower than the elytra; first three tergites subequal and much shorter

than either the fourth, fifth or sixth. Legs slender; tarsi short, evidently

5-5-5-jointed, the first joint of the posterior slightly longer than the second.

Length 1.3 mm. ; width 0.4 mm.

Colorado (Cafion City).

This species differs from piclipennis in coloration and several

other characters, but is apparently closely allied, if not identical,

with the form hitherto known from the District of Columbia.

Among other species, the material referred to includes in addition

a specimen of O.rypoda nigriceps from Iowa City, Iowa, and one

of Microdonta occipitalis from Walnut, Arizona. In the latter the

broad feeble impression near each side of the depressed pronotum

is strongly developed, proving that it is a normal character and not

produced bv shrinkage of the exoskeleton; analogous lateral im-

pressions of the pronotum are well developed in Lcitophila om-

nivora of Wasmann, which may be somewhat related to Microdonia.

There is also a specimen of Amblopusa brevipes from Victoria,

Vancouver, which is pale flavate throughout, doubtless immature ;

it is just possible that there may be a minute basal node anchylosed

to the very elongate first joint of the labial palpi, but it is not

clearly discernible without dissection. Actocharis of Fauvel. -is

closely allied to Amblopusa and belongs to the same group, the labial

palpi being 2-jointed ; but the joints are equal in length, with the

Coleopterological Notices, V. Sth

first much stouter than the second and clothed with stiff sparse sete

throughout, this being a very remarkable feature.

ADDITIONAL NoTES AND SyNoNymy.

Ptinodes cristatus Csy. (Col. Not. II, p. 323) should be referred

to the genus Trichodesma ; it is much stouter than the eastern species.

Coniontellus subglaber Csy. (1. ¢., p. 389), should be united with

obesus Lec.

Eleodes tarsalis Csy. (1. ¢., p. 399), is without doubt the species

intended by Mannerheim as quadricollis; the female is frequently

altogether devoid of the series of coarse punctures, and the original

type of tarsalis has a singular bilaterally symmetric deformity of

the posterior tarsi. I have before mea large series. The single

specimen referred to quadricollis (1. c., p. 395), is either a closely

allied species with coarser pronotal sculpture, or a simple aberration.

Estriatus is a widely distinct species, also represented by a large

series.

Argoporis nitida Csy. (1.¢., p 405), has been erroneously referred

by Mr. Champion (Biol. Cent.-Amer., Coleop., IV, i. p. 518), to

rufipes Chmp. <A male of the latter species kindly sent me by the

author, shows that rufipes is a stouter and much duller species, with

smailer punctures of the elytral series, and differs greatly in the

structure of the anterior legs in the male. In the male of rufipes

the anterior femora are stonter, with a much less developed internal

subbasal dentiform lamina, and the corresponding tibize have only

five or six widely spaced granuliform serrules internally, while in

nitida the internal cariniform elevation of the femur is very pro-

nounced, and the tibiz are finely and closely serrulate within through-

out the length; the last joint of the anterior tarsi in nitzda is rela-

tively longer, nearly equalling the three preceding combined.

The reference made (Col. Not. III, p. 21, footnote), to a single

mandibular tooth in Hrgates neomexicanus is not exactly correct,

as I find by prying the mandibles further apart; the basal tooth is

hewever more feeble than in spzculatus. The proper status of

neomexicanus is probably that of a well-marked variety of spiculatus.

All the specimens which I have seen have large pallid blotches on

the elytra; whatever may be the cause of these blotches, they are

completely wanting in my two specimens of spiculatus.

598 Coleopterological Notices, V.

Kpitragodes (1. c., p. 54), is closely allied to Schcenicus but differs

in the stouter body, less prominent eyes, securiform fourth palpal

joint and prominent prosternal process with vertical posterior wall ;

in Scheenicus the last palpal joint is more slender and triangular,

rounded at apex with the inner side but slightly shorter than the

outer, and the prosternal process is longitudinally convex and

gradually declivous bebind.

Hymenorus obesus Csy. (1. ¢., p. 93), is not distinct from pilosus

Melsh. In difficilis (1. c., p. 94), the measurements are somewhat

in error, the true dimensions of the type being about 6.0 by 2.5 mm. ;

the third antennal joint, also, is more than two-thirds as long as the

fourth. Of JLycetochara megalops I have recently received a fine

exawwple taken in New York. The species of Andrimus defined

under that genus, are distinct in my opinion; only two of them are

known to the authors of certain recent hints to the contrary, and

even they appear to have been misunderstood.

LThysanocnemis horridula Csy.(Col. Not. IV, p. 426), cannot be

maintained as distinct from fraxini Lec.; the locality label on the

type of horridula is probably erroneous.

‘The name Otidocephalus myrmecodes Chev., was assumed by me

(1. c., p. 485), under a wrong impression. The reference given by

Dr. Horn, ‘‘myrmecodes || Chev.,”’ conveys the idea that Chevrolat

described independently a species under the preoccupied name myr-

mecodes, and, under such circumstances, this name would of course

stand when the original myrmecodes fell into synonymy. The

truth, however, as I subsequently discovered—it did not occur to

me to investigate further at the time,—is that Chevrolat described

what he considered to be myrmecodes Say, and the reference should

have been ‘“ myrmecodes Chev. nec Say,” which has quite a differ-

ent meaning. The true name of the species is therefore :—

O. chevrolati Horn—Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XIII, p. 450; myrmecodes

Chev. nec Say: Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1832, p. 445; Casey: Ann. N. Y. Acad.

Sci., VI, p. 435.

Specimens of Tyloderma contusa Csy. (1. ¢., p. 452), recently re-

ceived, show that the humeri are generally nearly as widely exposed

as in foveolata, and that the integuments beneath the pubescent

patches of the elytra are rufescent; there are also a few hairs near

the scutellum. The species would consequently be plainly allied to

variegata, if it were not for the very coarse deep fovee of the pro-

notum and clytra, which suggest an affinity with foveolata.

Coleopterological Notices, V. 599

In Centrinus acuminatus and globifer (1. ¢., pp. 464, 591), the

tooth referred to as belonging to the trochanters, really projects from

the femora very near the trochanters.

Centrinus nubecula Csy. (1. ¢., p. 594), must be regarded as a

large female of capillatus, and Centrinopus helvinus (p. 602), is to

be placed in synonymy with alternatus, the latter being the name

of the species. A series recently sent to me plainly unites these

two forms, the latter of which was founded upon a specimen stand-

ing at one of the extremes, both in size and ornamentation, of a

very variable species. In Calandrinus insignis the elytra are

relatively shorter and paler than in granaicollis, the strie coarser,

the intervals narrower and subequal, each with a single line of

punctures, the four lateral spots of white scales well defined with

scarcely any scattered pale scales.

The species which I regarded as the Centrinus canus of LeConte,

heeause of its extended distribution under that name, proves to

be quite different, and this will account for the apparent discrepancy

in the original description.’ The true canus is the form, a specimen

of which was compared, on page 646, with Limnobaris longula. It

is allied rather closely to longula, but is a larger and broader spe-

cies. The description of LeConte will probably prove sufficient for

its recognition, and is from a female type, the beak in that sex

heing rather slender, smooth, polished, subimpunctate except near

the base and as long as the head and prothorax; in my male speci-

men the beak is shorter thicker and coarsely sculptured, as described

on the page referred to. The species is therefore to be placed imme-

diately after Limnobaris longula with the following references :-—

Limnobaris cana Lec.—Proc. Am. Phil. Soc , XV, p. 421 (Centrinus) ;

longula var. Casey: Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., VI, p. 646.

There is a large series of this species in the cabinet of Mr. Ulke.

The form identified by me as canus and placed in the genus Nicen-

trus, must receive another name as follows :—

Nicentrus grossulus n. n.—N. canus Csy. nec Lec.: Ann. N.Y. Acad.

Heeley Vi. ps G14.

The series in my cabinet now consists of eight specimens, vary-

ing in length from 4 to 5 mm., but otherwise quite homogeneous.

The vestiture is generally more yellowish than whitish.

1 This is the only species not described from the original type or a specimen

carefully compared therewith.

600 Coleopterological Notices, V.

It would not be far wide of the truth to say that Centrinus and

its allied genera form one of the most difficult studies to be met

with in the Coleoptera. After completing my recent revision, I

went carefully over the manuscript and withdrew the descriptions

of many forms, which at first seemed to represent distinct species.

As seen above, however, this eliminating process was not carried

quite far enough, and there may be others which must eventually

disappear, but the number of these will probably be inconsiderable.

I have no hesitation in stating the total number of species of Barini

within our limits to be about 300. In my cabinet there are at

present nearly 600 species from Brazil, and the number inhabiting

that country cannot be far short of 1500. For the world at large

4000 species would be a conservative estimate.

The three following species, recently submitted to me for exami-

nation by Mr. Uike, are sufficiently interesting to be made known

on the present occasion.

Stethobaris cicatricosa n. sy.—Oblong-oval, convex, subglabrous,

highly polished, black, the entire elytra bright red, the scutellum black ; legs

and antenne black, with a piceous tinge. Head finely, sparsely punctate ;

beak short, thick, feebly arcuate, much shorter than the prothorax, finely

punctate, the punctures coarser and dense at the sides; antenne inserted at

the middle, funicle short, stout, cylindrical, the basal joint stouter and as

long as the next three, two to seven equal, short, strongly transverse and

closely coarctate, club moderate, oval, nearly as long as the preceding six

joints. Prothorax one-half wider than long, the sides feebly convergent and

broadly arcuate from the base to apical fourth, then abruptly and strongly

constricted, the apex conically subtubulate; base more than twice as wide as

the apex, very feebly bisinuate; disk strongly but sparsely punctate, the

punctures distinctly isolated beneath at the sides; median impunctate line

imperfect. Scutellum small, subquadrate, glabrous, impressed. lytra dis-

tinctly wider than the prothorax and about twice as long, the humeral callus

but moderately developed ; sides less than usually convergent, the apex very

broadly rounded ; strive coarse, very deep, with the edges obtuse, not at all

crenate but finely, strongly punctate along the bottom, the eighth represented

only by a series of remote punctures from the humeri to a little behind the

middle, then abruptly assuming the form of a deep narrow cleft to apical sixth,

the cleft-like portion margined on both sides by a broader, deep, abruptly

defined and setose fossa, the combination giving the appearance of a longi-

tudinal scar; intervals nearly flat, two or three times as wide as the strie,

minutely, sparsely punctate, the punctures in single uneven series, more con-

fused on the second and fifth. Under surface sparsely setose, strongly punc-

tured, the abdomen rather sparsely so. Tarsal claws small, slender, free and

divergent. Length 3.5 mm.; width 1.9 mm.

Texas.

Coleopterological Notices, V. 601

The type of this remarkable species is apparently unique. The

prosternum is rather broadly and deeply sulcate. In my recently

published table of the genus it'may be placed immediately after

corpulenta.

EUMONONYCHA 2b. gen.

Body subrhomboidal, convex. Beak short, stout, feebly arcuate,

slightly flattened toward apex, the epistomal lobe prominent and

the mandibles small, stout, broadly decussate and deeply notched ;

basal transverse groove deep, abrupt and impunctate. Antenne in-

serted at the middle of the sides, the scrobes obliquely descending ;

scape not quite attaining the eye; funicle short, the basal joint

stout and as long as the next three, the second quadrate, two to

seven subequal in length, increasing gradually in width, the club

oval, moderate in.thickness, as long as the five preceding joints,

finely pubescent, with the basal joint large. Prothorax constricted.

Scutellum small. LElytral strie normal. Prosternum nearly flat,

feebly emarginate at apex, with a deep transverse post-apical fovea.

Anterior coxe large, prominent, narrowly separated. Legs some-

what short and stout; femora long and parallel, unarmed; tibie

short, very feebly enlarged and everted toward apex, not carinate

externally ; tarsi short, stout, the third joint small but wider than

the second and deeply bilobed. Tarsal claws long, single.

_ The present genus is the third now known in the Barini having

‘the tarsal claws single; they differ greatly however among them-

selves in all other features. The type above defined approaches

Hisonyx more closely than any other, but differs in its normal ely-

tral striation, non-carinate tibie, and very greatly in general facies

and sculpture. |

E. opaca n. sp.—Black, the legs, especially the intermediate and poste-

rior, rufo-piceous ; integuments very dull throughout and minutely granulato-

reticulate, the pronotum more shining than the elytra; vestiture sparse and

uneven, consisting on the elytra of long, very fine, closely recumbent whitish

hairs, slightly coarser and more distinct in certain feebly defined spots poste-

_Yriorly, and quite coarse before the humeral callus; on the pronotum widely

scattered but more noticeable narrowly at the sides toward base; on the under

surface very inconspicuous but more distinct at the sides of the abdomen be-

hind; legs and tarsi much more conspicuously setose. Head and beak finely

but strongly punctate, the latter densely so throughout, subequal in length

to the prothorax, thick and slightly compressed. Prothorax small, subconical,

Annas N. Y. Acap. Sci., VII, Dec. 1893.—39

602 Coleopterological Notices, V.

but little wider than long, the sides convergent and nearly straight to apical

fourth, then constricted, the apex broadly subtubulate and a little more than

one-half as wide as the base, the latter feebly oblique and nearly straight

from the obsolete median lobe to the sides; disk coarsely deeply and densely

punctate, the punctures tending to form longitudinal ruge, with an entire

and feebly impressed median line, and a large impunctate spot at each side

near lateral fourth and behind the middle. Scutellum small, tumid, deeply

seated. Elytra large, widest near basal third where they are three-fourths

wider than the prothorax, fully twice as long as the latter and longer than

wide; sides just visibly convergent from posterior third to the conspicuous -

humeral callus, convergent and feebly arcuate behind, the apex rather nar-

rowly rounded ; disk with moderately fine, very shallow, opaque strixz ; inter-

vals flat, three to four times as wide as the striz, opaque, finely and feebly,

somewhat sparsely and confusedly punctate throughout their entire extent.

Under surface dull, the abdomen much more shining and minutely, sparsely

punctate. Length 3.5 mm.; width 1.8 mm. |

Missouri. 7

A single specimen.

AMERCEDES n.gen.

Body oval, stout, convex, semi-glabrous. Head and eyes nor-

mal. Beak consisting of two dissimilar elements, the basal fourth

abruptly swollen and bulbiform, coarsely sculptured, the remainder

almost perfectly straight, forming a very slight angle with the basal

part, very slender, cylindrical, polished and almost impunctate.

Mandibles short, stout, obliquely vertical in action nearly as in

HKunyssobia, minutely tridentate. Antenne inserted at the sides

near the base at the anterior limit of the bulbous portion, the scape

very short, claviform, attaining the eye; funicle long, very slender,

nearly nude, the basal joint long, rather longer than the scape,

slightly claviform, second extremely long, slender, almost twice as

long as the first and as long as the entire remainder, three to seven

subequal in length, gradually a little thicker, the seventh finely

pubescent; club moderate, normal, oval, not very abrupt, finely

pubescent, with the basal joint constituting about one-half of the

mass. Prosternum with a broad and profound median sulcus, the

anterior cox separated by distinctly less than their own width.

Legs rather thick; femora unarmed ; tibie finely fluted, bent out-

ward and slightly thickened toward apex; tarsi well developed, the

two basal joints small, wider than long, the third large, the lobes

long and widely divergent, claw-joint very long, slender, feebly

Coleopterological Notices, V. | 603

arcuate. Ungues rather long, completely connate and without

suture in rather less than basal half.

This wonderful genus is entirely without near relatives within

our faunal limits. The slender beak abruptly dilated at base and

subvertical mandibles remind us of Eunyssobia, but the dilated

third tarsal joint and connate claws, deeply sulcate prosternum and

general habitus of the body, depart very widely from that genus

and show that it must be considered an intermediate and remark-

ably synthetic type.

A. subulirostris n. sp.—Oval, shining, coarsely sculptured, piceous-

brown in color throughout. Head finely but strongly, rather closely punctate,

scarcely visibly, broadly impressed between the eyes and with a small inter-

ocular fovea. Prothorax nearly two-thirds wider than long, the sides broadly,

evenly arcuate, becoming nearly parallel in basal half, strongly convergent

but very feebly constricted toward apex, the latter less than one-half as wide

as the base, which is transverse and straight, with the median lobe rather

narrow but strong, abrupt and rounded; disk coarsely punctate, the punc-

tures contiguous laterally but smaller and slightly separated toward the ill-

defined median impunctate line. Scutellum small, subquadrate, flat, roughly

sculptured. Elytra, at the moderately developed humeral callus, distinctly

wider than the prothorax, about three-fourths longer than the latter, scarcely

as long as wide, broadly hemi-elliptical in outline; striz coarse, deep, finely

and remotely punctate at the bottom, the intervals flat, twice as wide as the

striz, extremely coarsely roughly and unevenly but not very deeply punctate,

polished. Under surface densely punctate, the metasternum very coarsely

so, the abdomen more finely, and with small sparsely distributed squamules

throughout. Length 3.0 mm.; width 1.7 mm.

Texas.

The upper surface has a few widely scattered slender squamules

toward the sides of the pronotum and along the elytral intervals,

more conspicuous at the base of the second. A single specimen.

The following is interesting as being the second known species

of Madarellus thus far discovered in the United States :—

M. cuneatus n. sp.—Strongly convex and cuneiform, highly polished,

black throughout. Head finely but strongly, sparsely punctate, the trans-

verse impression distinct and broadly angulate in profile; beak stout, evenly

arcuate, gradually and feebly tapering from base to apex, rather longer than

the prothorax, somewhat coarsely deeply and moderately densely punctate

throughout, with a median impunctate line; antenne inserted at basal third,

the scape short, scrobes deep, basal joint of the funicle elongate, club cylindro-

ovoidal, subequal in length to the five or six preceding joints, densely opaque

and pubescent. Prothorar large, one-half wider than long, inflated, widest

604 Coleopterological Notices, V.

just behind the middle, abruptly, strongly constricted and tubulate at apex,

the latter but slightly more than one-third as wide as the disk; sides broadly

arcuate; base transverse, broadly, deeply bisinuate, the median lobe strongly,

narrowly rounded ; disk minutely but distinctly, remotely punctate, abruptly.

becoming obliquely and coarsely punctato-rugose at the sides and beneath.

Seutellum small, transversely lunate. lytra but slightly longer than wide,

less than one-half longer than the prothorax and distinctly narrower; out~

line narrowly parabolic, the sides rapidly convergent ; surface broadly undu-

lated; strie fine but deep, finely but distinctly punctate, the intervals flat,

three or four times as wide as the strize, each with a single series of minute

distant punctures which become more visible laterally ; striz coarse on the

apical concave declivity, the intervals becoming there acutely prominent.

Under surface strongly, closely sculptured. Legs stout; femora strongly

punctate. Length 2.7 mm.; width 1.4 mm.

Texas (San Antonio), Mr. Wickham.

Closely allied to undulatus, but differing in its shorter beoudes

and more rapidly cuneate form, more strongly punctate elytral

strie and smaller size. The punctuation of the femora is less

rugose than in undulatus. The tooth of the anterior femora is

alone distinct, and the anterior tibiz are scarcely at all prominent

within in the male, though bent and slightly narrowed toward

base. A single specimen, apparently male.

There is a specimen from Honduras before me which very closely

resembles cuneatus, but the anterior tibiz are more abruptly swollen

or subtuberculate within at the middle.

After the revision of our Scaphidiide (ante p. 510) had been

printed, I discovered by chance that Mr. Reitter had described

several American species of this family in 1880 (Verhandl. Naturf.

Ver. Brinn, XVIII, p. 35, e¢ seq.). This paper is at present in-

accessible to me, but the species are: Scaphidium antennatum

(Texas), Cyparium substriatum (Alabama), Scaphisoma impunce-

tata (Missouri), and S. Jevis (Nordam.). The last two are proba-

bly allied to obesula, caroline and arkansana, and there is doubt-

less some synonymy involved which I shall attempt to make known

at a future time.

The Californian species published by Schmidt (Ent. Nach. XVI

1890, p. 51) under the name Saprinus sulcatulus, is igeatea with

scissus Lec. in every character mentioned in the description. Several

years ago I sent a small series of this species—which is one of the

——

Coleopterological Notices, V. 605

most abundant and characteristic of the California sea-beaches—to

Mr. Lewis, and it is possibly some of these specimens which have

been described by Mr. Schmidt, as he mentions having received

them from Mr. Lewis.

ERRATUM.

On page 506, after Decarthron longulum, for ‘‘ Bndl.’’ read ‘‘Lec.’’ It is

singular that this mistake should also have been made by Dr. Brendel in the

recent monograph.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.

Fig. 1. Rafonus tolule Lec.—apex of venter 9.

Fig. 2. Sonoma isabelle Lec.—apex of venter 9.

Fig. 3. Sonoma cavifrons Csy.—apex of venter ?.

Fig. 4. Sonoma subsimilis Csy.—apex of venter 4.

Fig. 5. Arthmius globicollis Lec.—apex of venter 4.

Fig. 5a. ae a —antenna 4.

Fig. 6. Arthmius gracilior Csy.—apex of venter 4.

Fig. 6a. ia eC —antenna 4%.

Fig. 7. Arthmius bulbifer Csy.—apex of venter 3.

Fig. 7a. He a antenna %,.

Fig. 8. Arthmius involutus Csy.—apex of venter 4.

Fig. 8a. ts i —antenna %.

The antenne are all viewed upon the under surface.

Fig. 9. Tyrus mucronatus Panz.—intermediate trochanter (above) and ante-

rior femur (below) 4%.

Fig. 10. Tyrus corticinus Csy.—same.

Fig. 11. Tyrus humeralis Aubé—same.

Fig. 12. Reichenbachia wickhami Bndl.—antenna % and Q, under surface.

Fig. 12a. Reichenbachia tumida Lec.—antenna % and 9, under surface.

_ Fig. 120. Reichenbachia complectens Lec.—antenna 9.

Fig. 12c. Reichenbachia subtilis Lec.—antenna 9.

Joints 7 and 8 are drawn relatively too small; they are subequal in width

to the preceding.

Fig. 13. Ctenisis raffrayi Csy.—mazxillary palpus.

Fig. 14. Sognorus pulvereus Lec.—last two joints of the maxillary palpus.

606 Coleopterological Notices, V.

Fig. 14a. Sognorus abruptus Csy.—same.

Fig. 15. Anitra glaberula Csy.—head.

Big. Lia. <* 5 —maxillary palpus.

Fig. 16. Morius occidens Csy.—head.

Fig. 17. Valda frontalis Csy.—head.

Bigs Lia. 5 a —maxillary palpus.

Fig. 18. Pselaphus bellax Csy.—last joint of the maxillary palpus.

Fig. 18a. Pselaphus fustifer Csy.—same.

Fig. 18). Pselaphus longiclavus Lec.—same.

Fig. 18c. Pselaphus erichsoni Lec.—same.

Fig. 19. Tychus minor Lec.—maxillary palpus.

Fig. 20. Cylindrarctus longipalpis Lec.—maxillary palpus.

Fig. 20a. Cylindrarctus crinifer Csy.—same.

Fig. 205. Cylindrarctus comes Csy.—same.

The last joint should be a little more oblique and less arcuate internally

toward apex.

Fig. 20c. Cylindrarctus. Maxillary palpus of a doubtful form very closely

allied to comes, and represented by a single immature specimen.

PLATE I.

VOL. VII.

ANNALS N. Y. ACAD. SCIENCES.

Pe)

IV.—A Revision of the American Cichlide.'

BY CARL H. EIGENMANN AND WILLIAM L. BRAY.

Read Dee. 4, 1893.

While examining the specimens of Cichlide, of Cornell Univer-

sity, the need of a revision of the generic definitions became evi-

dent. We have attempted this revision in the present paper. The

synonymy of the genera has been added, and where we have had a

sufficient number of species, or where the genus has been small, we

have added keys to the species. Several genera, as Astronotus,

Crenicichla, and Geophagus, need revision; but with the limited

amount of material at our disposal, such a revision would necessarily

have been a compilation and have failed entirely in its object.

The specimens were largely collected by the late Frederick C.

Hartt. We have been able to examine them through the courtesy

of Prof. B. G. Wilder, of Cornell University.

ANALYSIS OF THE GENERA AND SUBGENERA OF AMERICAN CICHLIDA.

a. Spinous and soft portions of the dorsal of equal extent, or the former the

longer.

b. First gill arch normal. (Without additional lobe above.)

c. Gill-rakers long.

d, Gill-rakers close set and very long, setiform, numerous (about 85).

e. Anal spines three, alternating. Body compressed, oblong, covered

with scales of moderate size. Dorsal spines numerous (13 er 14).

Each jaw with a front series of small awl-shaped teeth, behind

which is one or more series of smaller teeth. Cleft of mouth of

moderate width. Scales on cheeks in five or more series. Soft

dorsal and anal naked ..............00+..1. Chatobranchus

ee. Anal spines six. Dorsal spines 15 or 16. Preorbital less than

orbit in width. Scales on cheek in 3 or 4 series. Soft dorsal and

anal scaled ........ssccceecssessscscossseeeeeeede Chaetobranchopsis

1 Contributions from the Zodlogical Laboratory of the Indiana University,

No. V.

Annas N. Y. Acap. Scr., VII, Jan. 1894.—40

608 A Revision of the American Cichlide.

dd, Gill-rakers stiff, lanceolate, crenulate on inner margin. Perciform.

‘Seales small. Spinous and soft dorsals of nearly equal extent, and

separated by a notch. Anal spines three. Each jaw with a broad

band of villiform teeth. Dorsal and anal fins scaly ......3. Cichla

cc. ‘Gill-rakers short and few.

J. Vertical limb of preopercle entire.

g- Seales of the lateral line much longer than the others. About two

transverse series of scales in the anterior part to each scale of the

lateral line. First series of teeth incisors, ee from the rest

by saumodenate Spaces. scdeeas see icesjee> sosjpsaknaens nic sieurce 4. Uaru

gg. Scales of the ear Pe not rar ger thee the athens

h. A series of incisors, a band of villiform teeth behind them.

Anal with 8 spines.. ere tne ory Oo. Neetroplus

hh. Teeth all conical, is teens series eae or not.

2. Premaxillary very greatly protractile.

j. Anal spines three.

k. Lateral line not overlapping. Snout equal to post-

orbital portion of head. Mouth oblique, preorbital

narrow (3 orbit). Nostrils nearer tip of snout than eye.

6. Acaropsis

kk. Lateral line with the upper and lower limbs overlap-

ping. Snout much produced, more than twice the length

of postorbital portion of head. Preorbital very large,

nearly twice as wide as the eye. Nostrils much nearer

orbit than tip of snout. Mouth low, nearly horizontal.

Premaxillary an orbital diameter below the eye. Caudal

densely scaled. Maxillary reaching to nostrils.

7. Retroculus

jj. Anal spines 6. Snout not greater than postorbital portion

of head. Preorbital narrow. Mouth oblique, premaxillary

on level of lower third of eye, more protractile than in the

other genera. Maxillary reaching to front margin of eye.

The origin of the ventral falls vertically below that of

MOTSA]. osseceeneseeonttsctonaen eanenestaenenmcteieece 8 Petenia

: Speen coupeeativeny little proteadeiens

A Ventrals inserted behind origin of dorsal.

M. Jaws SUbeEqUal ........ccscsceerccrecrerseeseed- ASTTONOTUS

n. Anal spines three.

o. Soft portions of vertical fins densely scaled to near

the tip; dividing line between fins and body indis-

tinct. About 6 of the anterior teeth of lower jaw

enlarged CANINES ........0.eeesereeeeeesee ee (AStronotus)

oo. Soft portions of dorsal and anal naked or scaled on

base only. Caudal scaled at its basal half. Lower

jaw without enlarged canines.............(4iquidens)

an. Anal spines more than three.............(Cichlasoma)

A Revision of the American Cichlide. 609

mm. Upper jaw projecting. Analspines four. Cleft of mouth

short. Scales on cheek small, in more than five series.

10. Theraps

ll. Ventrals in front of origin of dorsal...... ll. Mesonauta

Jf. Vertical limb of preopercle serrate.

p. Jaws equal. Scales rather large; those of the lateral line equal

ordinary scales in size.

qg- Body short and deep, as in Astronotus ......... 12. Crenicara

qq. Body elongate, as in Crenicichla...................13. Dicrossus

pp. Lower jaw much projecting. Mouth wide, snout depressed.

Fewer scales in the lateral line than in the series just above it.

14. Crenicichla

6b. First gill arch with a downward projecting lobe on its upper limb, the

rakers carried on the free margin of this limb........15. Geophagus

r. Preorbital not deeper than eye. Eye equidistant from ne of snout and

upper angle of gill opening......... soa asbaceco ...(Mesops)

rr. Preorbital in adult Shai aicea: eer aepek he he. eye. Eye placed

high, much nearer upper angle of gill opening than tip of snout.

(Geophagus)

aa. Soft portion of dorsal longer than spinous portion.

s. First gill arch with a downward projecting lobe above, as in Geophagus.

Anal spines three, dorsal spines 7 or 8. Body very long. Preopercle

entire. Ree te A Hin co etal cuca Mars on Riess iomadoueaucoceee Mus Gs MiP se

ss. First gill arch hopes Bode short and deep.

t. Gill-rakers obsolete. Anal spines 6 to 10. Covered with small ctenoid

scales. Soft dorsal and anal scaly. Teeth small, occupying only the

symphyseal portion of jaws. Mouth small, very oblique.

; 17. Symphysodon

tt. Gill-rakers setiform. Anal spines six, graduated. Narrow bands of

teeth in the jaws. Mouth small, oblique. Anterior parts of soft dorsal,

anal, and first ventral ray much prolonged. Caudal truncate.

18. Pterophyllum

1. CHA TOBRANCHUS Heckel.

Heckel, Bras. Fluss-Fische, in Ann. Wien. Mus., II, 1840, p. 401 (flavescens,

brunneus).

Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 1862, p. 309 (flavescens).

Steind., Beitr. zur Kenntniss der Chromiden des Amazonenstromes, 1875, p.

68 (flavescens).

_Eigenmann & Eigenmann, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, p. 70.

The genera Chetobranchus and Chetobranchopsis stand apart

from the remaining genera of Cichlide on account of the peculiar

gill-rakers. The characters separating these two genera from each

610 A Revision of the American Cichlide.

other are of no great importance. The species of Chetobranchus

may be distinguished by the following characters :—

A. III, 11 or 12; seales 33—25 to 27—10 or 11; depth 2—23 in the length. A

dark spot on middle of sides on lateral line ..................... MaVescens

A. IIT, 14 or 15; scales 5 or 6—28 or 29—10 orll; depth 1$—2 in length.

Four broad dark cross-bands on upper part of sides; a black spot sur-

rounded with white in front of upper caudal lobe...... semifasciatus

Cheztobranchus flawescens Heckel.

Cheetobranchus flavescens Heck., Bras. Fluss-Fische in Ann. Wien. Mus., 1840,

II, p. 402 (Guapore; Rio Negro). Gtinther, Catal. Fish. Br. Mus., IV,

1862, p. 310 (Rio Negro and Guapore). Steind., Beitr. zur Kenntniss

der Chrom. d. Amazonenstromes, 1875, p. 68 (Cudajas; Santarem ;

Villa Bella; Coary; Teffé; Gurupa; Rio Xingu; Hyutay; Rio Negro;

Guapore; Hyavary; Lake Hyanuary). Eigenmann & Higenmann,

Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1891, 70 (name).

Cheetobranchus brunneus Heck., 1. c., p. 405 (Rio Negro). Giinther, Cat. Fish.

Br. Mus., IV, 1862, p. 310 (Rio Negro).

Chetobranchus robustus, 1. ¢., p. 310 (Br. Guiana).

Chromys ucayalensis Casteln., ‘‘ Anim. Nouy. ou Rares de l’Amérique du Sud.

Poissons, 1855, p. 15, pl. vi, fig. 2. Adult female.’’

Geophagus badiipinnis Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1872, p. 251, pl. xi,

fig. 1, juv. (Ambyiacu).

Habitat.—Amazons and tributaries to Guiana.

Many specimens of this species were collected by Hartt, marked

‘‘ Lower Amazon,’ without any more definite locality.

Cheetobranchus semifasciatus Steindachner.

Chetobranchus semifasciatus Steind., Beitr. zur Kenntniss der Chrom. d. Ama-

zonenstr., 1875, p. 70 (Obidos ; Cudajas; Teffé; Rio Ica; Lake Hyan-

uary; Lake Saraca, near Silva). Eigenmann & Eigenmann, Proc. U.

S. Nat. Mus., 1891, 70 (name).

Habitat.—Amazons.

2. CHAZ TOBRANCHOPSIS Steindachner.

Chetobranchopsis Steind., Beitr. zur Kenntniss der Chrom. d. Amazonenstr.,

1875, p. 73 (orbicularis).

But a single species of this genus is known.

Chetobranchopsis orbicularis Steindachner.

Chetobranchopsis orbicularis Steind., l. c., 1875, p. 73 (Para; Santarem; Gurupa;

Rio Xingu, near Porto do Moz; Rio Negro; Rio Hyanuary). Eigen-

mann & Higenmann, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, p. 70 (name).

Habitat.—Amazons.

A Revision of the American Cichlid. 611

3. CICHLA Bloch & Schneider.

Cichla Bloch & Schneider, 340, pl. 66, 1801 (ocellaris).

Cuv., Régne Anim., II, 279, 1817 (ocellaris).

Heck., Bras. Fluss-Fische in Ann. Wien. Mus., 1840, II, p. 408 (sp.).

Giinther, Cat. Fish. Br. Mus., IV, 1862, p. 303 (sp.).

Type: Cichla ocellaris Bloch & Schneider.

The members of this genus stand out prominently in general

appearance as well as in minor details. In external form they

resemble Micropterus and Perca of the North America fauna.

Four species are known. ‘They may be distinguished by the

following characters :—

Body with three dark cross-bars or bands.

Scales 10—88—? A. III, 11; caudal rounded.....................0Cellaris

Scales 13—110—? A. III, 9; caudal emarginate................tememsis

Body with seven dark cross- bands ; caudal forked; depth 5 in the total length ;

dorsal spines 14...... 00.00.02 ag waieekre .conibos

pe with eleven ee ‘ibd cross- re ; Cacia H bncar yaesi nearly

4 of the total length; dorsal spines 16.............. multifasciata

Cichla ocellaris Bloch.

Cichla ocellaris Bl. & Schn., 1801, p. 340, pl. 66; Mull. & Troschel in Schomb.

Guiana, III, p. 625 (all rivers of British Guiana). Giinther, Cat. Fish.

Br. Mus., IV, 1862, p. 304 (Guiana, Demarara). Cope, Proc. Amer.

Phil. Soc., 1878, p. 697 (Peruvian Amazon). Steind., Beitr. zur Kennt.

der Fluss-Fische Stidamerika’s, IV, 1882, p. 3, pl. I, fig. 2 (Rio Hual-

laga). E. & E., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, p. 69.

Cychla monoculus Agass. in Spix pisc. Bras., p. 100, pl. 63, and pl. E (Brazil).

Cichla monoculus Heck., Bras. Flussf., p. 411 (Rio Guaporé).

Cychla atabapensis Humb., ‘‘ Observ. Zool., II, p. 168.”’

Cycla toucounarai Casteln., ‘‘ Anim. Nouv. ou Rares de l’Amér. Sud. Poiss., p.

Mipeple lO. tig. 1.7”

Habitat.— Amazons and northward. Our specimens, numbering

six, are from Brazil.

Cichla multifasciata Castelnau.

Cichla multifasciata Casteln., ‘1. ¢., p. 18, pl. 10, fig. 2.”’ Giinther, Cat. Fish.

Br. Mus., IV, 1862, p. 305 (Ucayale, Peru). E. & E., Proc. U.S. Nat.

Mus., XIV, 1891, p. 69 (name).

This species is known only from the original specimens.

612 A Revision of the American Cichlid.

Cichla conibos Castelnau.

Cichla conibos Casteln., ‘‘1. c., p..18, pl. 10, fig. 3.”” Gunther, Cat. Fish. Br.

Mus., XIV, 1862, p. 305 (Ucayale, Peru). EH. & E., Proc. U. 5S. Nat.

Mus., XIV, 1891, p. 69.

Known only from the types.

Cichla temensis Humboldt.

Cichla temensis Humb., ‘‘ Observ. Zo6l., II, 1811, p.169.’’ Heck., Bras. Fluss-

Fische, p. 413 (Rio Negro). Giinther, Cat. Fish. Br. Mus., 1862, IV,

p. 304 (Brazil, River Cupai). Steind., Beitr. zur Kennt. des Fluss-

Fische Siid Amerikas, IV, 1882, p. 3, pl. I, fig. 3, juv. (Iquitos). EH. &

E., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, p. 69 (mame).

Cichla tucunare Heck., 1. ¢., p. 409.

Habitat.—Amazons.

4. UARU Heckel.

Uaru Heck., in Ann. Wien. Mus., 1840, p. 330 (amphiacanthoides).

Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., 1862, IV, p. 302 (redefined).

EK. & E., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, p. 69 (redefined).

Type: Uaru amphiacanthoides Heckel.

This genus is readily distinguished from related genera by the

enlarged scales in the lateral line. In this respect it resembles those

species of Crenicichla having a large number of scales, but differs

from them widely in shape, dentition, and preopercular margin.

Uaru amphiacanthoides Heckel.

UVaru amphiacanthoides Heck., Bras. Fluss-Fische in Ann. Wien. Mus., 1840, II,

p 331 (Rio Negro, above Airao).

Acara (Heros) amphiacanthoides Steind., Beitr. zur Kennt. der Chrom. des

Amaz’st., 1875, p. 34 (Tonantins ; Teffé ; Obidos ; Coary ; Serpa ; Cuda-

jas; Fonteboa; Jatuarana; Ueranduba; Rio Negro; Madeira; Xingu;

Lakes Hyanuary, Alexo, Saraca, Maximo; Rio Cupai).

Astronotus (Uaru) amphiacanthoides EK. & E., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891,

p. 69 (mame).

Pomotus fasciatus R. Schomb., Fish of Guiana, part II, p. 169, pl. XVII, 1852

(Guiana).

Varu obscurum Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., 1862, [V, p. 302 (River Cupai).

Habitat.—Amazons to Guiana.

A Revision of the American Cichlide. 613

5. NEETROPLUS Ginther.

Neetroplus Giinther, Fishes Central America, 469, 1866 (iV. nematopus).

This genus is known from two species. It differs from related

forms in having flat incisor-like teeth.

Neetroplus nematopus Giinther.

Neetroplus nematopus Giinther, 1. c. (Lake Managua).

Neetroplus nicaraguensis Gill & Bransford.

Neetroplus nicaraguensis Gill & Bransford, ‘‘ Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1877,

186 (Lake Nicaragua).”’

We have not had access to a description of this species, and are

therefore unable to give its distinguishing characters.

6. ACAROPSIS Steindachner.

Acaropsis Steind., Beitr. Kennt. der Chrom. des Amazonenstromes, 1875, p. 20

(nassa).

Kigenmann & Eigenmann, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, p. 68 (name

only).

Type: Acara nassa Heckel.

This genus differs from related forms in its oreatly protractile

snout and short anal. It is nearly related to Retroculus, from

which it differs in the characters mentioned in the key.

Acaropsis nassa Heckel.

Acara nassa Heckel, Bras. Fluss-Fische, p. 353 (Rio Guapore). Giinther, Cat.

Fish. Br. Mus., IV, 1862, p. 281 (River Cupai).

Acara (Acaropsis) nassa Steind., Beitr. Keunt. Chromid. Amaz’str., 1875, p. 20

(Gurupa; Montalegre; Tonantins; Villa Bella; Santarem; Teffé ;

Coary; Serpa; Obidos; Curupira; eeeauba: From rivers Tapajos,

Negro, Xingu, Hyutay, Madeira, Guapore; from lakes Alexo, Maximo,

José Assu; Saraca, near Silva; Manacapuru). E.& E., Proc. U.S. Nat.

Mus., XIV, 1891, p. 68 (name).

Acara cognatus Heckel, |. c., p. 356 (Barra do Rio Negro).

Acara unicolor Heckel, 1. c., p. 357 (Barra do Rio Negro).

Centrarchus cyanopterus Rob. Schomb., Fish of Guiana, part II, p. 165, pl. XVI,

1852.

Habitat.—Amazons and Guiana.

614 A Revision of the American Cichlide.

7. RETROCULUS gen. nov.

This genus is closely allied to Acaropsis, from which it differs to

a remarkable degree in the shape of the head. The difference is

largely due to the high development of the snout and the pre-

orbitals.

Retroculus boulengeri sp. nov.

Type: One specimen (No. 1922), 240 mm. long, Brazil. F. C. Hartt.

D. XVI, 11; A. II, 7. Head about 3; depth 3. Lateral line 27-+19+4 2

or 3 on caudal. Lateral line overlapping by 7—9 scales. Seven series of

scales from origin of dorsal to lateral line; ten or eleven from lower limb to

vent.

Anal margined with dusky, a black spot on base of the first five dorsal

rays. Upper lip dusky.

General shape of a Geophagus. Ventral outline nearly straight. Profile

steep to first dorsal spine, then gradually descending to caudal. Eye entirely

above the gill opening and in the posterior half of the head, 2 in preorbital,

12 in interorbital, about 5 in head. Snout much produced, more than twice

the postorbital portion of the head. Mouth nearly horizontal, maxillary

reaching to nares, which are nearer the eye than the tip of the snout. Pre-

maxillary when protracted equals one-third of the distance from its tip to the

orbit. Four series of scales on the cheeks. A series of strong conical teeth,

those of the lower jaw smaller, a band of villiform teeth behind them.

Gill-rakers small, compressed claw-shaped, the anterior border pectinate.

Soft dorsal and anal angular reaching the caudal. A few scales along the

rays. Caudal rounded, thickly scaled to its tip.

We take pleasure in dedicating this species to Dr. G. A. Boulen-

ger, of the British Museum.

8. PETENIA Giinther.

Petenia Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 1862, p. 301 (splendida). Steind.

Beitr. Kenntn. Chrom. Amazon’str., 1875, p. 36 (redefined). EHigen-

mann & Eigenmann, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, p. 69 (redefined).

Type: Petenia splendida Ginther.

This genus is known from three species. It is closely allied to

Acaropsis and Retroculus, from which it differs in its elongate anal.

There is no difficulty in finding intermediate numbers of spines, if

all the species which have hitherto been united under Acara are to

be retained as one lump? ‘There are, however, characters aside

from the anal spines to warrant the separation of at least some of

the species as separate genera. As soon as this is done the remain-

A Revision of the American Cichlide. 615

der fall apart as an incoherent mass. The species with long pro-

tractile snouts are sharply divided-into those with but 3 anal spines

and those with 5 or 6.

Scales 6—30—12.

Depth of body 2 in the length. A dark brown spot near middle of body. A

second much smaller spot on base of upper caudal rays....spectabilis

Depth 24-21 in the length. A large spot at the beginning of lat. line. A

second small spot near middle of body, and a much smaller one at base

PE MEMNPN EG ACA LAV Ss onic cameo odaicneives ess cones ave tevrenest sevasoee ss AO PAUISSER

Scales 6=—-41—17. A series of six or seven large round black spots along the

middle of the side, the last spot being edged with white and located on the

upper half of the root of the caudal...............s..0:s0e eee SPlendida

Petenia spectabilis Steindachner.

Acara (Petenia) spectabilis Std., Beitr. Kenntn. Chromid. Amazonenstr. 36, pl.

iv, 1875 (Amazon, near Gurupa and Obidos).

Astronotus (Petenia) spectabilis EK. & H., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1891, 69.

Petenia kraussi Steindachner.

Petenia kraussi Steind., Fischfauna Magdalenenstr., 12, pl. ii, 1878 (Magdalena

River). Id., Fischfauna Cauca and Flisse bei Guayaquil 4, 1879

(Cauca).

Astronotus (Petenia) kraussi E. & E., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1891, 69 (name).

Petenia splendita Giinther.

Petenia splendita Ginther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 301, 1862 (Lake Peten).

E. & E., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1893, 59 (name).

9. ASTRONOTUS Swainson.

§ ASTRONOTUS.

= Astronotus Swainson, Nat. Hist. Fish. Amph. Rept., II, 1839, p. 229 (ocellata).

> § Astronotus Kigenmann & Kigenmann, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891,

p. 68 (redefined).

> Acara Heck., Ann. Wien. Mus., 1840 (sp.).

= Acara Gill, Synopsis Fresh Water Fishes of Trinidad, 1858, p. 20 (restricted

to crassispinis = ocellatus).

< Acara Steind., Beitr. Kennt. Chrom. Amazon’str., 1875, p. 3 (sp.).

== Hygrogonus Ginther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., 1862, XV, p. 303 (ocellatus).

§ CICHLASOMA.

Cichlasoma Swainson, Nat. Hist. Fish. Amph. Rept., II, 1839, p. 230.

Cychlasoma Gill, Synopsis Fresh Water Fish of Trinidad, 1858, p. 20 (redefined),

(punctatus = bimaculata).

Acara Heck., Ann. Wien. Mus., 1840, p. 338 (sp.).

616 A Revision of the American Cichlide.

Acara Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 1862, p. 276 (sp.).

Heros Heck., 1. c., p. 362 (sp.).

Heros Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 1862, p. 285 (sp.).

Heros Steind., Beitr. Kennt. Chrom. Amazonenstr., 1875, p. 22 (sp.).

Heros EKigenmann & Eigenmann, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, p. 68

(redefined).

Herichthys Baird & Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854, p. 25, and Rept.

U.S. Mex. Bound. Survey, p. 30 (cyanoguttatus).

Hoplarchus Kaup, Wiegm. Arch., 1860, p. 128 (pentacanthus).

§ AIQUIDENS Nov.

Acara Eigenmann & HKigenmann, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, p. 68 (not

Acara of Heckel, Gill, or of Giinther).

Type: Acara tetramerus Heckel.

The limited number of species available for examination do not

warrant a key. The species are enumerated in the Catalogue of

the Fresh Water Fishes of South America and the Catalogue of

the Fresh Water Fishes of Central America and Southern Mexico.

(Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1891 and 1893.)

Astronotus seems to be the first name that was applied to these

fishes in a generic sense. Lobotes ocellatus Agassiz was the only

species mentioned by the author of this name (Swainson, 1839),

and Astronotus must be applied to ocellatus and its relatives. On

the next page of the same work Swainson gives the name Cichla-

soma to Labrus punctatus of Bloch (= Scixna bimaculata L.).

This name is to be retained for the relatives of bimaculata.

A year after the names Astronotus and Cichlasoma were pro-

posed, Heckel published the name Acara (339) for a large number

of species, including also the type of the name Astronotus. No

type was indicated for Acara until Gill in 1858 restricted it by

exclusion of species of Astronotus and Cichlasoma to Heckel’s

Acara crassispinis. But it has since been determined that the

Acara crassispinis of Heckel is a synonym of Lobotes ocellatus

Agassiz, which is the type of Astronotus. The name Acara is,

therefore, the exact synonym of Astronotus. Giinther overlooking

Swainson’s name, used Acara for the species of Cichlasoma in his

catalogue.

Heckel also (361) gave the name Heros to a number of species,

whose ‘‘auffallenste Kennzeichen . .. ist die grossere Anzahl von

Stachelstrale in der Analflosse,” the anal having 5—9 spines. This

name becomes a synonym of Cichlasoma; if, as in the present

A Revision of the American Cichlide. | 617

instance, the species are divided into those with three and those

with more than three anal spines, a division which is purely artifi-

cial, but to be preferred over the division into those with 3—4, and

into those with more than 4 spines, since none of those with three

spines show any variations, while species with 4 spines, sometimes

as in the case of A. bimaculata, the type of Cichlasoma, have as

many as 6 anal spines. We are not aware that a type has ever

been appointed for this name. The Heros severus, of Heckel, may

serve as such, since it is the first species described by Heckel, and

since three of his other species have been shown to be synonyms of

this species.

The later names give little difficulty. Hvyvgrogonus, of Giinther,

is the exact synonym of Astronotus. The type of Hoplarchus was

always conceded a Heros (Cichlasoma). And Herichthys is based

on a northern species of Cichlasoma.

For the species showing the peculiarities of Acara tetramerus,

of Heckel, we propose the subgeneric name Auquidens.

We have seen no advantage in retaining in this genus the other

forms which have sometimes been grouped with it.

Astronotus (Astronotus) ocellatus (Agassiz).

Lobotes ocellatus Agassiz, in Spix Selecta Gen. et Spec. Pisc. Bras., 129, pl. 68,

1829 (Brazil; Paraguay; Amazons; Guiana).

Astronotus ocellatus Swainson, Nat. Hist. Fish. Amph. Rept., II, 229, 1839 (Spix

plate 68); E. & E., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1891, 68 (name).

Acara ocellata Steindachner, Beitr. Kenntn. Chrom. Amazonenstr., 17, 1875

(Para; Santarem; Montalegre; Coary; Obidos; Tonantins; Teffé;

Cudajas; Rio Negro; Rio Hyavary; Rio Madeira; Lake Hyanuary ;

Lake Saraca, near Silva; Lake Manacapuru). Cope, Proc. Amer. Phil.

Soc., 1878, 697 (Peruvian Amazon).

Hygrogonus ocellatus Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 303, 1862 (copied).

Acara crassispinis Heckel, Fluss-Fische Brasiliens, 357, 1840 (Rio Paraguay,

near Villa Maria and Caigara; Rio Guapore, near Mattogrosso; Rio

Negro; Rio Branco).

Cychla rubro-ocellata Rob. Schomburgk, Fishes of Guiana, II, 153, pl. x, 1852

(British Guiana).

_ Acara compressus Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1872, 256 (Ambyiacu).

The specimens examined are from Brazil.

Astronotus (4quidens) tetramerus (Heckel).

Acara tetramerus Heckel, Fluss-Fische Brasiliens., 341, 1840 (Rio Branco).

Ginther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 277, 1862 (Guiana; Rio Branco).

Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1872, 255 (Ambyiacu). Steindach-

618 A Revision of the American Cichlide.

ner, Beitrage Kenntn. Chrom. Amazonenstr., 5, 1875 (Tabatinga; Teffe ;

Obidos ; Villa Bella; Cudajas ; Santarem; Gurupa; Para; Rio Hyutay ;

Tajapuru ; Rio Negro; Rio Branco; Porto do Moz; Rio Puty; Rio Gua-

pore, near Mattogrosso; Lakes Jose Assu; Hyanuary; Alexo; Saraca ;

and Maximo). Id., Flussf. Sid Amer., IV, 2, 1882 (Rio Huallaga; Rio

Amazonas ; Iquitos).

Astronotus tetramerus E. & E., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 68 (name).

Acara viridis Heckel, 1. c., 343 (Matogrosso).

Acara diadema Heckel, 1. ¢c., 344 (Marabitanos, on the Rio Negro).

Acara pallidus Heckel, 1. ¢., 347 (Rio Negro).

Acara dimerus Heckel, 1. ¢., 351 (Cujaba).

Chromys uniocellata Castelnau, ‘‘ Anim. Nouv. Rares Amér. Sud Poiss. 15, pl.

VI, fig. 1, 1855 (Ucayale, Peru).”’

Acara uniocellata Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 281 (copied).

Acara flavilabris Cope, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., 1870, 570 (Marafion; Pebas;

Ecuador). Id., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1872, 255, pl. xi, fig. 4

(Ambyiacu). Id., Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., 1878, 696 (Peruvian Amazon).

The specimens examined are from the Lower Amazons.

Astronotus (Cichlasoma) bimaculata (Linneus).

Acara Piso, Hist. Natural. Medic., 67, 1658.

Labrus, No. 87, Gronow, Mus. Ichthyol., 36, 1754 (Rivers of Surinam).

Sparus, No. 223, Gronow, ‘‘ Zoophyl., 64, tab. v, fig. 4.”

Sciena bimaculata Linneus, ‘‘ Mus. Ad. Fried., I, 66.’’

Labrus bimaculatus Linneus, Syst. Nat., Ed. XII, 1, 477, 1766 (Mediterranean).

Perca bimaculata Bloch, ‘‘ VI, 82, tab. 310, fig. 1.”

Cichla bimaculata Bloch & Schneider, ‘338, 1801.”’

Acara bimaculatus Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 276, 1862 (Guiana;

Guapore; Trinidad ; Demarara).

Acara (Heros) bimaculatus Steindachner, Beitr. Kennt. Chrom. Amazonenstr.,

22, 1875 (Para; Gurupa; Santarem; Tapajos; Trombetas ; Cudajas ;

Villa Bella; Tabatinga; Serpa; Curupira; Rio Hyutay; Xingu, near

Porto do Moz; Cujaba; Ambyiacu). ;

Astronotus (Cichlasoma) bimaculata E. & E., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1891, 68

(mame).

Sciena punctata Linneus, ‘‘ Mus. Ad. Fried., I, 66.”

Labrus punctatus Bloch, ‘‘ tab. 295.’’ Bloch & Schneider, ‘* 338, 1801.”

Acara punctatus Heckel, Fluss-Fische Brasiliens 360 (Surinam).

Chromis tenia Benn., ‘‘ Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc., I, 1830, 112 (Trinidad).”’

Storer, ‘‘Syn. Fish. N. Amer., 68,’’ and ‘‘ Mem. Am. Acad., II, 520.”’

Acura tenia Heckel, Fluss-Fische Brasilien’s, 361, 1840 (name).

Cychlosoma tenia Gill, Fishes of Trinidad, 23, 1858 (Trinidad).

Acara margarita Heckel, 1. ¢., 338 (Guapore).

Acara gronovit Heckel, 1. ¢., 361 (based on Labrus, No. 87, of Gronow = ZL.

bimaculatus L.).

The specimens examined are marked ‘ Brazil.”

A Revision of the American Cichlide. 619

Astronotus (Cichlasoma) sewerus (Heckel).

Heros severus Heckel, Ann. Wien. Mus., 1840, p. 362 (Rio Negro, near Mara-

bitanos).

Astronotus (Cichlasoma) severus E. & E., Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., 1891, p. 68

(name).

Heros corypheus Heckel, Ann. Wien. Mus., 1840, p. 364 (Rio Guapore).

Feros modestus Heckel, 1. ¢., p. 366 (Rio Guapore).

Heros spurius Heckel, 1. c., p. 368 (Rio Guapore). Gimther, Cat. Fish. Brit.

Mus., IV, 1862, p. 293 (Guiana and Brazil).

Acara (Heros) spuria Steind., Siisswasserf. des Siidéstl. Bras., 1874, p. 9, taf. iv,

var.; and Beitr. Kennt. Chrom. Amazonenstr., 1875, p. 23 (Tabatinga ;

Tonantins; Coary; Teffé; Obidos; Cudajas; Santarem; Gurupa;

Xingu, near Porto do Moz; Rio Tapajos; Madeira; Guapore; Rio

Negro; Rio Iga or Putumayo; Rio Hyutay; Ambyiacu; Lakes Alexo,

Hyanuary, José Assu, Saraca, near Silva, and Maximo).

Chromys appendiculata Casteln., ‘‘ Anim. Nouv. ou Rares Amér. Sud. Poiss.,

HeHo, p. 15, pl. vil, fig. 3.”

Chromys fasciata Casteln., 1. c., p. 17, pl. ix, fig. 2, juv.

Uarus centrarchoides Cope, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Jan. 1872, p. 253, pl.

Ra tig. 2) JUV.

The specimens examined are from Brazil.

10. THERAPS Gunther.

Theraps Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 284, 1862 (irregularis).

Theraps irregularis Giinther.

_ Theraps irregularis Gunther, 1. c. (Guatemala).

1]. MESONAUTA Gionther.

Mesonauta Ginther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 300, 1862 (insignis).

Mesonauta festivus (Heckel).

Hleros festivus Heckel, Fluss-Fische Brasiliens, 376, 1840 (Guapore).

Astronotus (Mesonauta) festivus E. & E., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1891, 69 (name).

Heros insignis Heckel, 1. c., 379 (Marabitanos, on the Rio Negro).

Mesonauta insignis Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 300, 1862 (Tropical

America).

Chromys acora Castelnau, ‘‘ Anim. Nouy. ou Rares Amér. Sud. Poiss., 17, pl. 9,

fig. 1.”

12. CRENICARA Steindachner.

Crenicara Steindachner, Beitr. Chrom. Amazonenstromes, 39, 1875 (elegans).

Type: Crenicara elegans Steind.

But a single species of this genus is as yet known.

620 A Revision of the American Cichlide.

Crenicara elegans Steindachner.

Crenicara elegans Steindachner, 1. c., 39, 1875 (Gurupa; Cudajas; Curupira).

EK. & E., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1891, p. 69 (name only).

13. DICROSSUS Agassiz.

Dicrossus Agassiz MS., Steindachner, Beitr. Kenntniss Chrom. Amazonenstr.,

42,1875 (maculatus).

Type: Dicrossus maculatus Steindachner.

The only species of this genus is—

Dicrossus maculatus Steindachner.

Dicrossus maculatus Steind., 1. c., 42,1875 (Lago Maximo; Jose Assu, Tonan-

tins; Rio Hyauary; Rio Tajapuru). E. & E., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,

1891, p. 69 (name only). )

14. CRENICICHLA Heckel.

Crenicichla Heckel, Fluss-Fische Brasiliens, 416, 1840 (macrophthalmus).

Batrachops Heckel, 1. c. 432 (reticulutus).

We have selected for the types of Heckel’s names the species

evidently considered typical by him. He refers to the figures of

macrophthalmus and reticulatus in his generic diagnoses.

On account of the few species at hand no synopsis of the genus

is attempted. The species fall into two groups. Those with 100

or more scales in the lateral line (Crenicichla) and those with fewer

than 100 scales (Batrachops).

Crenicichla brasiliensis adspersa Heckel.

Crenicichla adspersa Heckel, 1. c., 421, 1840 (Guapore).

Crenicichla johanna var. adspersa Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 307, 1862

(Guapore).

Crenicichla brasiliensis adspersa E. & E., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1891, 69 (name).

The specimens examined are from the lower Amazon.

Crenicichla saxatilis (Linnezus).

Sciena Linneus, ‘‘ Mus. Ad. Fried., 65, tab. 31, fig. 1.”’

Sparus, No. 185, Gronow, Mus. Ichth., II, 29, tab. vi, fig. 3 (Surinam).

Scarus rufescens Gronow, ‘‘ Zoophyl, 67, tab. 6, fig. 3.”

Sparus saxatilis Linneus, Syst. Nat., Ed. XII, I, 468, 1766 (Surinam).

Perca saxatilis Bloch, ‘‘ plate 309.”?

A Revision of the American Cichlide. 621

Crenicichla saxatilis Heckel, 1. c.,432 (name). Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus.,

IV, 308, 1862 (Brazil; Guiana; Rio Capin; Demarara). Boulenger,

Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1887, 275.

Cichla labrina Agassiz, Spix Selecta Genera et Spec. Pisc., 99, pl. 62, fig. 1,

1829 (Brazil).

Crenicichla lepidota Heckel, 1. c., 429 (Guapore).

Scarus pavoninus Gronow, Catalogue of Fish, 67, 1854 (Surinam).

Lower Amazon.

16. GEOPHAGUS Heckel.

§ GEOPHAGUS.

Geophagus Heckel, Fluss-Fische Brasil., in Ann. Wien. Mus., II, 1840, 383

(typical species altifrons and demon). Ginther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus.,

IV, 315 (surinamensis).

Satanoperca Gunther, 1. c., 313, 1862 (sp.).

Type: Geophagus altifrons Heckel = Sparus surinamensis Bl.

§ MESOPS.

Mesops Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 311, 1862 (cupido and teniatus).

Geophagus (Mesops) Steindachner, Beitr. Kenntn. Chromid. Amazonenstr., 47,

1875. HE. & E., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1891.

Type: Geophagus cupido Heckel.

The genera Geophagus and Satanoperca were separated on the

presence or absence of scales on the dorsals, a character which has

been shown to be variable. Mesops has better claims for an inde-

pendent existence, but some species of Geophagus are said to have

the eye median in position while young, and we have retained it as

a subgenus.

Geophagus (Mesops) cupido Heckel.

Geophagus cupido Heck., Fluss-Fische Bras., p. 399, 1840 (Rio Negro; Rio

Guapore). Cope, Amer. Phil. Soc., 1878, p. 697 (Peruvian Amazon).

Mesops cupido Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., 1862, Vol. IV, p. 311 (Rio Negro;

Guapore).

‘Geophagus (Mesops) cupido Steind., Beitr. zur Kenntniss Chrom. Amazonenstr.,

1875, p. 47 (Amazon, near Teffé; Coary ; Cudajas; Lake Hyanuary ;

Rio Negro; Guapore; Iga; Hyutay ; Sambaia; and Jatuarana). E. &

E., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1891, p. 70 (name).

The single specimen is probably from Brazil.

—/

622 A Revision of the American Cichlide.

Geophagus acuticeps Heckel.

Geophagus acuticeps Heckel, Fluss-Fische Brasiliens, 394, 1840 (Barra do Rio»

Negro).

Satanoperca acuticeps Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 312, 1862 (River

Cupai).

Geophagus (Satanoperca) acuticeps Steindachner, Beitr. Kenntn. Chrom. Ama-

zonenstr., 57, 1875 (Teffé; Obidos; Coary; Villa Bella; Cudajas ;

Fonteboa; Tonantins; Serpa; Jatuarana; Ueranduba; Rio Trombetas ;

Tapajos; Rio Negro; Hyutay; Tajapiru; Hyanuary; Jose Assu). HE.

& H., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1891, 70 (name).

The specimens examined are from Teffé.

Geophagus jurupari Heckel.

Geophagus jurupart Heckel, Fluss-Fische Brasiliens, 392, 1840 (Barra do Rio

Negro). Steindachner, Beitr. Kenntn. Chrom. Amazonenstr., 60, 1875

(Tabatinga ; Tonantins; Fonteboa; Serpa; Teffé; Gurupa; Para; Rio

Trombetas ; Rio Negro, at Manaos; Rio Xingu, at Porto do Moz; Rio

Hyutay ; Hyavary ; Ambyiacu).

Satanoperca jurupart Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 313, 1862 (copied).

Geophagus (Satanoperca) jurupari E. & E., Proc U.S. Nat. Mus., 1891, 71 (name).

Geophagus leucostictus Miller & Troschel, in Schomb. Reisen in Brit.-Guiana,

IlI, 625, 1848 (Lake Amucu ; swamps of the Savanna).

Satanoperca leucosticta Giinther, 1. c., 314 (copied).

Satanoperca macrolepis Giinther, 1. c., 314 (Demarara; British Guiana).

The specimens examined are labelled Itaituba and Brazil.

Geophagus scymnophilus Hensel.

Geophagus scymnophilus Hensel, 1. c., 65 (mountain streams of Rio Grande do

Sul).

Geophagus pygmeus Hensel, |. c., 68 (Guahyba at Porto Alegre).

The specimens examined are from Rio Janeiro.

Geophagus surinamensis (Bloch).

Sparus surinamensis Bloch, ‘‘ taf. 277, fig. 2.”’

Geophagus surinamensis Miller & Troschel in Schomb. Reisen in Brit. Guiana,

III, 625, 1848 (Lakes Tapacuma, Capoye, and Amucu; swamps of the

Savanna). Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 315, 1862 (river Capin,

Guiana). Steindachner, Beitr. Kenntn. Chromid. Amazonenstr., 63,

1875 (Para; Gurupa; Villa Bella; Obidos; Tabatinga; Montalegre ;

Teffé; Coary; Fonteboa; Santarem; Tonantins; Alexo; Jose Assu; |

Hyanuary ; Maximo; Rio Negro; Ica; Xingu; Trombetas ; Madeira ;

Guapore; Tocantins, near Cameta; Hyutay; Tapajos). E.& E., Proc.

U.S. Nat. Mus., 1891, 71 (name).

Greophagus altifrons Heckel, 1. c., 385 (Barra do Rio Negro).

A Revision of the American Cichlide. 623

Geophagus megasema Heckel, Fluss-Fische Brasiliens, 388, 1840 (Guapore).

Chromis proxima Casteln., ‘‘ Anim. Nouv. ou Rares de l’Amér. Snd. Poiss., 14,

pl. vii, fig. 1, 1855 (Ucayale, Peru).’’

Satanoperca proxima Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 71, 1891 (copied).

The specimens examined are from the Falls of the Tapajos;

Itaituba ; and Cameta.

Geophagus brasiliensis Quoy & Gaimard.

Chromis brasiliensis Q. & G., ‘‘ Voy. Uran. Zool. Poiss., 286.’’

Geophagus brasiliensis Heckel, in ‘‘ Kner Fische der Novara Exped., 266, pl. x,

fig. 3.’’ Hensel, Wirbelth. Siidbras., 59, 1868 (Rio Janeiro; Porto

Alegre). Steindachner, Siiswasserf. Siidéstl. Bras., 13, pl. ii & iii, 1874

(Rio Cadea, Rio Santa Maria, in Rio Grande do Sul; Rio Parahyba, near

Campos and Mendez; Rio Novo and Rio Muriahe, tribts. of Parahyba ;

rivers and lakes near §. Antonio de Sa; Rio Macahe; Rio de S. Joao;

Rio Quenda, near Santa Cruz; Rio 8S. Matheos; Rio Arrasuaby ; Itaba-

puana; Rio Mucuri, above Porto Alegre and at Santa Clara; Canna-

vierias, at the union of rios Pardo, Salsa, Jundiahy, and Jequitin-

honha; Rio Paraguassu, near Bahia). E.& H., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus.,

1891, 71 (name),

Chromis unipunctata Castelnau, ‘‘ Anim. Nouv. ou Rares de ]’Amér. Sud. Poiss.,

13, pl. viii, fig. 2 (juv.).’’

Acara unipunctata Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 283, 1862 (name).

Chromys unimaculata Castelnau, 1. c., ‘*13, pl. vii, fig. 2 (adult mas.).”’

Geophagus rhabdotus Hensel, 1. c., 60 (Rio Cadea).

Geophagus gymnogenus Hensel, 1. c., 61 (mountain streams of Rio Grande do

Sul).

Geophagus bucephalus Hensel, 1. c., 63 (Rio Cadea).

Geophagus labiatus Hensel, |. c., 64 (Rio Santa Maria).

16. SARACA Steindachner.

Saraca Steindachner, Beitr. Kenntn. Chromid. Amazonenstr., 65, 1875 (oper-

cularis).

Type: Saraca opercularis Steind.

Saraca opercularis Steindachner.

Saraca opercularis Steind., 1. c. (Lake Saraca; Villa Bella).

17. SYMPHYSODON Heckel.

Symphysodon Heckel, Fluss-Fische Bras. in Ann. Wien. Mus., II, 1840, 332

(discus).

Type: Symphysodon discus Heckel.

This genus is composed of but a single species.

Annas N. Y. Acap. Sci., VII, Jan. 1894.—41

624 A Revision of the American Cichlidee.

Symphysodon discus Heckel.

Symphysodon discus Heckel, 1. c. (Rio Negro). Gtmther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus.,

IV, 315, 1862 (river Cupai). Steindachner, Beitr. Kenntn. Chromiden

Amazonenstromes, 47, 1875 (Teffé; Xingu, near Porto do Moz; Rio

Madeira, near Manes; Rio Negro).

18. PTEROPHYLLUM Ueckel.

Pterophyllum Heckel, Fluss-Fische Bras. in Ann. Wien. Mus., II, 1840, 334

(scalaris).

Plataxoides Castein., Anim. Nouv. ou Rares del’ Amér. Sud. Poiss., 21 (dumerilii).

Type: Platax scalaris Cuvier & Valenciennes.

The genus is composed of but one species.

Pterophylium scalaris (Cuv. & Val.).

Platax scalaris Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., VII, 237 (Brazil).

Prterophyllum scalaris Heckel, 1. c., 335 (Barra do Rio Negro). (inther, Cat.

Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 316, 1862 (river Cupai). Steindachner, Beitr.

Kenntn. Chromiden Amazonenstromes, 76, 1875 (Santarem; Monta-

legre; Villa Bella; Obidos; Coary; Ueranduba; Tonantins; Taba-

tinga; Hyutay ; Xingu; Lago Manacapuru; Lago Maximo; Barra do

Rio Negro).

Plataxoides dumerilii Castelnau, 1. c. (Para).

‘

V.—WNotes on some South American Fishes."

BY CARL H. EIGENMANN.

Read Dec. 4, 1893.

A. Fishes collected by Freprrick C. Harrv.

Through the courtesy of Prof. B. G. Wilder, I have been able to

examine the collections of South American fishes, of Cornell Uni-

versity. These are for the most part fresh-water fishes collected

by the late Frederick C. Hartt in the eastern parts of Brazil. The

collection is interesting in that it adds several new species and

extends the known habitat of others. The Nematognaths of the

collections have been described by one of my students in the Annals

of the New York Academy of Sciences (Mr. E. M. Kindle). The

Cichlid have been examined by Mr. W. lL. Bray and myself. The

Characinide have been examined by my associate Mr A. B. Ulrey.

These groups are not included in the present notes, which embrace

all but these.

Symbranchus marmoratus Bloch. One specimen. Para. -

Electrophorus electricus (L.). Three specimens. Itaituba, Brazil.

Sternarchorhynchus mulleri Steindachner. One specimen. Para.

Rhamphichthys marmoratus Castelnau. Two specimens, one of

them from Itaituba.

Brachyrhamphichthys brevirostris Steindachner. Many speci-

mens from Itaituba, on the Tocantins, and from the lower Amazons.

STERNOPYGUS Miller and Troschel.

“Sternopygus Miller and Troschel, Hore Ichthyol., III, 13 (sp.).

Sternopygus Giinther, VIII, 7 (sp.).

Type: Gymnotus carapo Linneus.

This genus, as understood by all previous writers, included both

species with a free orbital rim and without a free orbital rim. No

1 Contributions from the Zodlogical Laboratory of the Indiana University,

No. VI.

Annats N. Y. Acap. Sct., VII, Feb. 1894.

626 Notes on some South American Fishes.

type has so far been indicated. I here wish to restrict the name

to Sternopygus macrurus Bloch (= Gymnotus carapo L.), the first

species described by Miiller and Troschel. This genus is to include

those species of the genus as hitherto understood, which have a free

orbital rim. They are :—

1 Sternopysgus carapo (L.). One specimen from Marajo, another

without habitat.

2 Sternopygus sequilabiatus Humboldt.

3 Sternopygus obtusirostris Steindachner.

For those species without free orbital rim I propose the name:—

CRYPTOPS gen. nov.

Type: Sternopygus humboldtii Steindachner.

The species of this genus are :—

1 Cryptops humboldtii Steind. Three specimens. Twoof them from

Marajo.

2 Cryptops virescens (Val.).

3 Cryptops axillaris (Ginther).

4 Cryptops troschelii (Kaup).

Carapus fasciatus (Pallas). Onespecimen. Braret.

Cetengraulis edentulus (Cuv.).

Oblong, not greatly compressed, the snout sharply pointed and projecting

much beyond the narrow lower jaw. Maxillary not reaching to the angle of

the lower jaw. Upper jaw with minute but distinct teeth. Eye twice as

long as snout, little more than interorbital, 4in head. Gill-rakers slender

and very numerous, longer than eye. Scales largely persistent. Dorsal and

anal with complete sheaths. Origin of dorsal equidistant from base of middle

caudal rays and from anterior margin of eye. Anal inserted under end of

dorsal. Ventrals about as long as eye, just anterior to dorsal in position.

Pectorals small, not covering the bluntly trenchant breast, scarcely reaching

ventrals. Silvery, darker above. Head 34; depth 3; D. II, 14; A. II, 23;

scales about 40.

One specimen, 125 mm. to base of caudal. Rio Janeiro.

Lycengraulis grossidens (Cuv.).

Head 43 (41); depth 4% (4); D. I, 143 (I, 113); A. I, 283 (II, 29$).

Scales 40. Compressed. Maxillary reaching to angle of lower jaw, its teeth

in a single series and nearly equal. Lower jaw with about 17 much larger

teeth on each side, between them are found a few smaller teeth (with about

Notes on some South American Fishes. 627

40 teeth on each side, the anterior 8 not larger than those of the upper jaw,

the rest somewhat larger). Gill-rakers slender and short 10+ 12 (14+ 16).

Scales largely deciduous (persistent). Dorsal inserted slightly in front of

anal, its origin equidistant from base of middle caudal rays and from anterior

angle of gill opening (inserted directly over first anal ray). Pectorals reach-

ing ventrals. A distinct broad silvery lateral band.

Two specimens from Braret may be referred to this species,

although the smaller one differs considerably from the larger.

They measure 135 mm. and 105 mm. _ In the description the state-

ments in parentheses refer to the smaller specimen.

These specimens differ considerably from the one described by

Dr. Giinther. Most of the differences can, however, be explained

by the difference in size of the specimens examined.

Pterengraulis atherinoides (L.).

Urigin of dorsal behind origin of anal. Maxillary reaching to angle of

lower jaw. Teeth in the jaws minute. D. II, 103; A. II, 303. Depth 4;

head 42; scales 40. Gill-rakers 7-+- 14, the longest 4 of eye.

Elongate, compressed, the lower profile arched like the upper, the ventral

surface trenchant. Snout upturned, not greatly projecting beyond the lower

jaw. Hye 55 in head. Scales deciduous. Origin of dorsal equidistant from

base of middle caudal rays and from origin of pectoral. Origin of anal equi-

distant from base of caudal and from angle of mouth. Pectorals large. A

broad silvery lateral band, narrowed on the tail.

One specimen, 230 mm. Loc.?

Pellona altamazonica Cope.

D. Il, 153; A. III, 353. Scales 75. Depth 4; head 4. Dorsal behind the

ventrals, last ray over orgin of anal. Origin of dorsal equidistant from tips

of snout and from base of upper caudal rays. Eye little less than snout,

nearly 5in head. Ventral fins longer than eye. Silvery, with golden refiec-

tions. A dark blotch on shoulder above.

One specimen, 270 mm. Tocantins.

This species may prove identical with the P. flavipinnis Val.

Clupea janeiro nom. nov.

Clupea brasiliensis Steind., Ichthyol. Beitr., VIII, 64 (Rio Janeiro), not of Bloch

& Schneider, which is Albula vulpes L.

A single specimen, agrees in all respects with Dr. Steindachner’s

description quoted above.

Cyprinodon amazona sp. nov.

D.9or10; A. 12. Scales 21 in the male, 24 or 25 in the females. Depth

4—5; head 33—4. Eye large, longer than snout, 3 in head. Dorsal but

628 Notes on some South American Fishes.

slightly behind ventrals; anal much behind dorsal. Snout pointed. A

silvery lateral band from above the eye to the end of the middle caudal rays.

Above and below this are brown bands extending the whole length to end of

caudal, the lower one forward to tip of snout. Male with a third dark band

from the base of the pectoral to the tip of the first anal rays. .

Types: 18 specimens (one a male?) ; up to 23 mm. long. Lower Amazonas.

This species is much more elongate than any other of this genus

known to me. In shape it approaches more the species of Chara-

codon, but the teeth are certainly in but a single series. In only

one specimen I observed the semblance of a single pointed tooth

behind the outer row of from three to four-pointed incisors.

Poecilia vivipera pare var. nov.

P. surinamensis and unimaculata Val. FP. schneideri C. & V.

Head 32; D. 7in male, 6 in female; A. 8—9; scales 26. Eye about 3 in

head, much more than half interorbital. |

Color of females.—Dorsal dotted with black; scales with dark border. A

narrow vertical dark bar two scales high on the sixth or seventh series of

scales from the head. This rarely absent. A more or less distinct black

blotch on lower posterior part of abdomen.

Color of male.—Dorsal with two or three oblique spots between each two

rays. The rays elevated, reaching in some individuals to the caudal. Traces

of an oblique dark bar from middle of root of caudal up and back. Some-

times with a short dark streak between two of the upper rays of the caudal

and a similar vertical streak between two of the posterior dorsal rays.

About 150 specimens, taken in the ditches of the Rua das Mon-

gubas of Para, probably belong to this species. The greatest dif-

ferences between them and the typical vivipera lie in the fact that

the dorsal in the female is inserted above the last ray of the anal,

and that the anal in the female has 6 rays, in the male 7. If these

characters should prove constant, these specimens represent a dis-

tinct species.

A number (12) of other males differ in being slightly darker. The

vertical humeral spot is less distinct, but the abdominal spot is much

more conspicuous and well circumscribed. ‘There is in addition a

dark spot on the root of the caudal, but little smaller than the

abdominal spot. The oblique bar of the caudal is conspicuous in

these, and there is in addition a straight band along the upper part

of the caudal. These are so conspicuously marked that had any

females been taken at the same time I should have considered them

a distinct species.

Notes on some South American Fishes. 629

A number of specimens from Braret show the following varia-

tion. Old males with a horizontal <-shaped spot on the root of the

caudal, the upper limb continued onto the caudal. From the end

of the lower limb a dusky streak extends upward and backward on

the caudal. Behind this the caudal is dusky, in front of it white.

Dorsal high, with oblique dark spots on the membranes. On other,

mostly smaller, males, the coloration does not differ from that of the

females, which are unmarked, save for the darker borders of the

scales and an occasional humeral and ventral spot, as in the speci-

mens from Para. The fin formulas and scales as in the specimens

from Para.

Poecilia branneri sp. nov.

D. 7 in female, 9 in male; A.9. Lat. 1.25; depth 34 at origin of anal.

Rather short and deep. Origin of dorsal in female over end of anal. Eye

large, about 3 in head. Teeth in broad bands, all pointed. Dorsal of the

female low, last but one ray of the male produced, reaching to near middle of

caudal. Margins of the scales, especially those of the back, dark. A well-

defined black spot at base of caudal, rounded forward, truncated behind.

Fins unspotted.

Male with traces of about 8 dark vertical lines on body ; caudal spot mar-

gined with white (blue in life?) behind, its upper angle continuous with a

black crescent on the caudal behind the white border. A dark streak on the

caudal upward and backward from near the middle of the crescent. Mem-

branes of the dorsal dotted with black.

Types: One male (Santarem—D. B. Meinot); two females (Para); three

females and two males (Para—H. H. Smith); ten females and five males (loc.

doubtful, probably Para).

_ To Dr. J. C. Branner, of the Stanford University, for some years

an associate of Hartt in Brazil.

Rivulus urophthalmus Giinther.

Rivulus poeyi Steindachuer.

Many specimens from ‘Para.

Orestias agassizii C.& V. Onespecimen. Lake Titicaca.

Orestias pentlandi C.& V. Onespecimen. Lake Titicaca.

Anableps anableps (L.). One specimen. Para.

Potamorrhaphis guianensis (Schomburgk). Nine specimens (No.

1610). Brazil.

Caranx latus Agassiz. Twospecimens. Braret and Pernambuco.

Caranx hippos (Linneus). Twospecimens. Braret.

Nomeus gronovii (Gmelin). Five specimens. Rocky pools at Panama.

630 Notes on some South American Fishes.

Stromateus xanthurus (Quoy & Gaimard). One specimen. Rio

Janeiro, Brazil. D.I1V, 39; A. III, 37.

Holocentrum pentacanthus Bloch. One specimen. Rio Janeiro.

D. XI, 16; A.IV,11. Lat.1. 45. Depth 3; head 33. Interorbital 6 in

head.

Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch). One specimen. Sao Matheo,.

Centropristis striatus (L.). Onespecimen. Loc. ?

Genyatremus cavifrons (C.&V.). One specimen. Brazil.

Lutjanus jocu (Bloch & Schueider). Onespecimen. Braret.

Calamus calamus (C. & V.). Onespecimen. St. Thomas, W. I.

Cry ptotomus ustus C.& V. Onespecimen. Rio Janeiro.

Harpe nzvius sp. nov.

A dark spot as large as eye at the distal ends of the three upper pectoral

rays. First dorsal spine and its membrane black; second dorsal spine and

all but the margin of its membrane black; base of the third spine black; a

very narrow margin of the soft dorsal dusky. A rusty spot above and in front

of the pectoral just within the gill cover. Color otherwise (in alcohol) yel-

lowish. D. XII, 103; A. III, 123. Scales 5—33—10; head 32; depth 3.

Pectorals broad, rounded, 1,3, in head ; first ventral ray prolonged, reaching

anus. Soft dorsal, anal, and caudal asin H. rufa. Head as in rufa. Ante-

rior canines 22. Upper posterior canine stronger than lower. Profile slightly

convex, preopercle finely serrate. Hye 5 in head.

One specimen (No. 1263), 210 mm. Rio Janeiro.

Pachyurus schomburgkii Giinther.

D. X, I, 313; A. II, 75. Eye 33 in head. A dusky blotch before dorsal,

dorsals spotted, the upper half of the spinous dusky. Sides of body with

larger spots. Caudal thickly scaled to its tip, soft dorsal with fewer scales

on its basal four-fifths. Teeth well developed in both jaws. Spines of angle

of preopercle much enlarged, flat.

One specimen, 215 mm. Para (1911).

In squamation this specimen agrees well with the original descrip-

tion of schomburgkii; it has, however, more dorsal rays. Stein-

dachner’s figure of P. natlererz is evidently intended for the same

fish. The squamation of the head is not well reproduced.

Pachyurus squamipinnis Agassiz.

Preopercular angle prominent, the spines at this point scarcely larger than

those of the vertical limb. Gill-rakers longer than broad, 6+ 10. Longest

dorsal spine 2in head. Anal spine strong 12 in head. D. X, I, 243; A. II,

Notes on some South American Fishes. 63]

74. Eye4iin head. Spinous dorsal with two rows of spots on its basal third.

Soft dorsal with about four series of much smaller spots. Sides plain.

One specimen, 190 mm. -Para (1782).

Plagioscion surinamensis (Bleeker).

Agreeing well with Dr. Steindachner’s figure (Fische des Mag-

dalenen Stromes, plate I). First pectoral ray prolonged in a fila-

ment. Preopercle with a spine at its angle. Two specimens, 135

and 187 mm. Para (1773 and 1784).

Plagioscion squamosissimus (Heckel).

This species differs from the preceding in having a much weaker

second anal spine. The filaments of the pectoral are but rarely

developed.

Highteen specimens. Para; Marajo; Itaituba.

Scizna adusta Agassiz.

D. X, I, 263 (253 in one specimen); A. II, 64. Scales 51. Maxillary ex-

tending to front of pupil, its length 3—33 in head. Head subconic, snout

blunt, projecting beyond premaxillaries, without slits or pores, 34—32 in head.

Eye large, oval, orbit 3 in head. Mouth small, inferior, horizontal. Teeth

equal. About ten spines on the vertical part of the preopercle, increasing in

size from above to the angle. Smaller spines on the horizontal limb. Pre-

orbital convex, narrower than eye. Gill-rakers about twice as high as wide.

Caudal lanceolate, the middle rays prolonged, about as long as head. Spinous

dorsal dusky. Sides and remaining fins plain.

Ten specimens. Lower Amazonas; Carapi, Brazil.

These specimens may not be specifically identical with those

described by Jordan (Report U. 8. Fish Comm., 1886, 398 and

403). ‘The specimens examined approach S. adusta, as described by

Agassiz, much more nearly than the specimens described by Jordan,

which have but 22 or 23 rays in the dorsal.

The dorsal rays of this species have been given as follows :—

Agassiz’s figure 5 : : : eng

Jordan’s specimens . ; : - » 22—23

Cornell specimens. : 4 : . 25—26

Agassiz’s description : : ‘ Gs)

Gerres olisthostoma Goode & Bean. One specimen. Braret.

Chzetodipterus faber (Brouss.). Onespecimen. Rio Janeiro.

Teuthis tractus (Poey). Onespecimen. St. Thomas, W. I.

Eleotris pisonis (Gmelin). One specimen. Lower Amazonas.

632 ° Notes on some South American Fishes.

Dormitator maculatus (Bloch). Many specimens. ‘ Cameta ; Braret;

from the ditches of the Rua Mongubas, Para.

Chonophorus taiasica (Lichtenstein). One specimen. Brazil.

Gobius soporator C.&V. Onespecimen. Braret.

Achirus lineatus lineatus (L.). Twospecimens. Braret.

D. 58, A. 43, 9.5; scales 89. Fins plain.

Achirus punctifer (Casteluau). Five specimens. Lower Amazonas;

Braret ; Itaituba. |

Symphurus atricauda J.&G. Onespecimen. Panama.

Lagocephalus lzvigatus (L.). Twospecimens. Para.

B. Notes on Fishes collected by Dr. H. von THErtna, at

Rio Grande do Sul.

The following is a list of the Fishes recently received by the

Indiana University from Dr. H. von Ihering, at Rio Grande do

Sul.

Symbranchus marmoratus Bloch. Many specimens.

Bunocephalus iherimgii Boulenger. Three specimens. Rio Grande

do Sul.

Tachisurus barbus Lacépéde. Five young. Rio Grande do Sul.

Pseudopimelodus cottoides Boulenger. Many specimens.

?Rhamdia hilarii (C. & V.). One small specimen probably belongs

to this species. D. I], 8.

Heptapterus mustelinus (Val.). Many specimens.

Pimelodella lateristriga ? (M. & T.). Three specimens.

Maxillary barbel extending to the middle of the anal. About 18

spines on inner margin of pectoral, longest about half the width of

the spine in height. It is probable that these specimens should be

referred to P. vittata Liitken. The serrations of the pectoral are

not at all as in other specimens of lateristriga examined by me,

and in one of these specimens the lateral band seems to be continued

to the snout.

Pimelodus valenciennis Kroyer.

Pimelodus valenciennis (Kréyer MS.) Litken, Vidensk, Meded. 1874, 200 (La

Plata). .E. & H., Revision South Am. Nematognathi, 180, 1890 (La

Plata).

Notes on some South American Fishes. 633

Pimelodus (Pseudorhamdia) nigribarbis Boulenger, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.

(6), IV, 1889, 266 (Camapuam); Proceedings Zool. Soc. Lond., 1¢91,

232, pl. xxv, fig. 1 (Camapuam).

I have before me three specimens 165—172 mm. long, which are

certainly the excellently described and figured P. nigribarbis Bou-

lenger. The length of the barbels varies considerably. These

specimens are just as certainly identical with the P. valenciennis

Liitken. In justice to Dr. Boulenger I may state that the fault lies

in the transcription of the original description into our ‘‘ Revision

of the Nematognathi.”” The width of the head is given as “22 in

its length,” and ‘‘eye 6 in length of head.” The authors of the

‘‘ Revision” neglected to state that in this particular species the

length of the head was measured ‘‘til Enden af Nakkendvexten.”’

Measured in this way the specimens before me have the following

proportions: width of head 24 (1$—2 to end of opercle); eye 6 in

length of head (45—5). The type was about 240 mm. long, and

in the Latin diagnosis Liitken does not mention what he means by

the length of the head, but in the Norwegian text (Vidensk. Med.,

1874, 201), he defines the length of the head as above.

Pimelodus clarias (Bloch). Three specimens of form maculatus.

Plecostomus commersoni (Valenciennes). Four small specimens.

Microlepidogaster nigricauda (Boulenger). A large number of

specimens.

In many the belly is naked, but usually it is covered with small

irregular granular plates. In the related genus Ofocinclus the belly

is always covered with two or three series of large plates. In the

position of its ventrals this species agrees with Olocinclus.

Ancistrus cirrhosus (Val.). Many specimens.

Loricaria lima Kner. Seven specimens.

Callichthys callichthys (Livneus). Two specimens; a specimen

about 30 mm. long, has no trace as yet of the lateral plates.

Corydoras paleatus (Jenyns). Nine specimens.

Macrodon malabaricus (Bloch). Four specimens. Rio Grande do

| Sul.

Curimatus gilberti Quoy & Gaim. One specimen. Rio Grande do Sul.

Tetragonopterus rutilus Jenyns. Many specimens. Rio Grande do

Sul. Anal 3, 26—28; Lat. 1. 40—42.

TNetragonopterus maculatus lacustris Litken.

634 Notes on some South American Fishes.

There is no difficulty in distinguishing the adult of this species

from the adult of fasczatus, but a large number of younger speci-

mens I could only separate on the greater or less development of _

the striations of the scales—a character not to be relied upon. ‘The

differences between 2 females, one of fasciatus 125 mm. long, and

one of lacustris 116 mm. long, are precisely as figured by Liitken

(Velhas Flodens Fiske), figs. 13 and 15.

fasciatus. lacustris.

Head longer than deep at the occiput. | Head deeper than long.

Depth 2%; head 4. Depth 24; head 4.

Anal. 3, 21. | Anal 3, 25.

Scales of the sides with from 8—12 | Scales of the sides with one or two

longitudinal ridges. longitudinal ridges.

Suborbital with strong ridges. Suborbital nearly smooth.

Eye 32 in head. Kye 3 in head.

Humeral spot small, round. | Humeral spot longitudinally ovate.

These differences, striking as they are, completely disappear with

smaller and smaller specimens. The anal in each species has on an

average 3, 22 rays, the number of rays of lacustris in the Rio

Grande being less than in the Rio das Velhas. Scales between

lat. 1. and ventrals 4$—5$.

Tetragonopterus fasciatus (Cuvier). Numerous specimens, 9 and

*, 26—125 mm. from Rio Grande do Sul.

Scales 6 or T—32 to 36—4 to 6; D. 10; A. 2 or 3,19—25. Head 4; depth

23—3. Eye 22—4, equal (in young) or less (in adult) than interorbital

space. Profile depressed over the eye. Maxillary with one to three teeth.

Occipital process rather long and pointed ; 10 to 12 scales in front of the dorsal ;

13—15 scales from lateral line to lateral line in front of the dorsal; 11—14

behind the dorsal; usually no distinct median dorsal series of scales.

Sides silvery, back bluish, a circular or vertical ovate spot on the shoulder.

A large conspicuous spear-shaped black spot on the caudal peduncle and

caudal, the black median caudal rays forming the shaft of the spear.

The specimens agree well with the forms figured by Liitken as

T. rivularis.

Tetragonopterus fasciatus interruptus Litken. Five specimens,

* and 9, 45—67 mm. long. Rio Grande do Sul.

These specimens are probably identical with those specimens of —

T. rivularis mentioned by Liitken as having an interrupted lateral

line. In general appearance, and especially in coloration, they are

exact images of 7. fasciatus, from the same place. There are,

Notes on some South American Fishes. 635

however, but 11 scales across the back between the lateral line and

lateral line in front of the dorsal. Scales 32—35; A. 2, 20—24.

Eve slightly less than interorbital.

Vetragonopterus obscurus Hensel.

Scales 5—35 to 37—4 to ventrals; D.10; A.1 or 2,17 0r 18. Head 4—4};

depth 2i—nearly 3. Eye 3 in head, equal to the interorbital space. Profile

evenly curved. Maxillary with 1 to 3 teeth. Occipital process short, about

12 scales between its tip and the dorsal. 11 scales from lateral line to lateral

line in front of the dorsal, 9 just behind the dorsal. A distinct median series

of scales along the middorsal line. Ventrals reaching to vent, pectoral to the

ventrals.

Color in spirits. Lower parts and sides golden, back darker not metallic in

color. <A faint, vertical humeral spot, a silvery lateral band, a large obscure

spot on base of caudal peduncle extending to end of middle caudal rays.

Five specimens from Rio Grande do Sul differ slightly from

typical specimens of 7. fasciatus, from the same place. They

probably represent 7’. obscurus Hensel, although they do not agree.

in the proportions. They have conspicuously larger scales, although

in number they do not differ greatly from typical specimens.of

fasciatus. The anal is shorter, and the humeral and caudal spots

are much less distinct.

Salminus cuvieriC.& V. Onespecimen. Rio Grande do Sul,

Salminus cuviert C. & V., Hist. Nat. Poiss., xxii, p. 56; Liitken, Velhas-

Flodens Fiske, 1875, 227, xvi (Rio das Velhas). Steindachner, Fisch.

f. Cauca & Flisse bei Guayaquil, 1880, 30, pl. ix, figs. 2—2a (Rio das

Velhas; Rio San Francisco).

Salminus brevidens Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 350, 1864 (Cipo River).

Salminus orbignyanus Hensel, Wiegm. Arch., 1868, II, 356 (Jacuhy).

Xiphorhamphus jenynsii Giinther. 2 specimens,

Cryptops virescens (Val.). Many specimens.

Cryptops lineatus (Miiller & Troschel). Two specimens.

This species is well described by Miiller & Troschel, and seems

to me to be quite different from C. virescens.

Carapus fasciatus (Pallas). Three specimens.

Jenynsia lineata (Jenyus).

Each jaw with a series of tricuspid incisors behind which is a broad band

of villiform teeth. Intestinal canal scarcely if any longer than the body.

Lateral line double in front, interrupted in front of the dorsal, aud continued

on the row of scales just below. D.9; A. 8; Lat. 1. 29, 28. Anal of the

636 Notes on some South American Fishes.

male but slightly in front of the origin of the dorsal. Brown, longitudinal

streaks becoming individual spots on each scale on the caudal peduncle.

32 males and 45 females from Rio Grande do Sul.

Pa CILIA?

The three following species have hitherto been placed in the

genus Girardinus. But, as their discoverer claimed, they certainly

have more than one series of teeth. The anterior series consists

of flac incisors, and they would thus also be excluded from Peecilia,

A close inspection bas shown however that the anterior series of

teeth of species of Peecilia are not truly conical, but are more or

less flattened, but without broadened tips. The anterior teeth of

the following three species differ from these only in degree, and I

have thought best not to create a new genus for them.

Poeecilia caudomaculatus (Hensel).

Viviparous ; analof the male advanced and transformed into a long sword-

shaped intromittant organ. Each jaw with a series of spatulate incisors with

obliquely truncated, entire cutting edge, and much narrowed base. Behind

these one irregular or two series of much smaller conical teeth. Bones of the

lower jaw firmly united. Intestinal canal about 15 times as long as the body.

D.8; A. 10; Lat. 1. 27—30. Head 32—4; depth 33—44. Dorsal equidistant

from caudal and from occiput; anal in female partly under the dorsal; third

anal ray in male most modified and enlarged, origin of the anal equidistant

from origin of dorsal and from tip of snout.

A conspicuous vertical black bar below last dorsal rays, margined by light

in front and behind. Much narrower and fainter vertical lines behind and

in front of it, these scarcely evident in female. Two horizontal black bands

in the dorsal of the male; one on the margin _and one near the middle of the

fin; much reduced in the female.

9 males and 18 females from Rio Grande do Sul.

Poecilia januarius (Hensel).

Girardinus januarius Hensel, Wiegman’s Arch., 1868, Vol. II, 360 (Rio Janeiro).

Girardinus theringu Boulenger, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 1889, 266 (Rio Grande

do Sul).

D.9; A.10; Lat. 1. 27—30; Head 33—4; depth 343—4. Dorsal equidistant

from caudal and from eye; placed little behind origin of the anal in the

female; anal in male 2 in the length. Six to eight vertical lines on the tail,

those of the caudal peduncle usually interrupted, several shorter lines on the

sides of the abdomen, above the lateral line.

Notes on some South American Fishes. 637

Each jaw with a series of incisors with very oblique cutting edge, behind

which are several series of much smaller conical teeth.

45 females, 6 males. Rio Grande do Sul.

Poecilia decemmaculata (Jenyns).

D. 8; A. 10; Lat. 1. 29. 8—11 black spots along the sides. The edges of

the scales darker. A series of incisors with obliquely truncate cutting edge,

behind which are smaller conical teeth.

Four females.

Mugil cephalus L., or platanus Giinther.

Many young. I am unable to say with certainty whether these

specimens are M. cephalus or M. platanus.

Atherinichthys bonariensis (C. & V.). One specimen.

Astronotus portalagremsis Hensel. Three specimens.

Astronotus facetus (Jenyns). Many specimens.

Crenicichla saxatilis L. Five specimens.

These specimens represent the lepidota of Heckel, but the char-

acters separating this species from saatilis are variable. While the

typical saxatilis is said to contain 54 series of scales, lepidota has

but 44. Specimens examined from the lower Amazon have 48 and

50.

Geophagus brasiliensis Quoy & Gaimard. Four specimens.

VI.— The Granite at Mounts Adam and Eve, Warwick, Orange

Co., N. Y., and its Contact Phenomena.

[Piates II anp III. ]

BY J. F. KEMP AND ARTHUR HOLEICK.

Read May 22, 1898.

For five or six years past, one of us (J. F. Kemp) has been espe-

cially interested in the igneous rocks of northwestern New Jersey,

as developed in the Walkill Valley. From several sojourns in the

region, the papers cited below have resulted.t While reflecting on

the great dike of elaeolite syenite near Beemerville, and casting

about for some other undoubted igneous body of commensurate

size and importance in the neighborhood, the granite of Mt. Adam

and Mt. Eve, across the New York State line, suggested itself.

Although this locality is familiar as a source of granite for build-

ing stone,’ search through the literature developed almost nothing

regarding its geological and petrographical character, which had been

written since Mather’s Report on the Geology of the First District,

N. Y. State Survey, 1843. But even in this paper the granite is

only casually referred to, in connection with the neighboring white

and blue limestones, to the mineralogy of which the chief burden

of the report relates. The opportunity came to visit the locality in

June, 1892, and by the aid of the appropriation which the trustees

of Columbia College allow the geological department for field-work,

a party was organized, consisting of the two authors of this paper

and Messrs. Ries and Fenner, of the class of 792, School of Mines.

1 J. F. Kemp, On Certain Porphyrite Bosses in Northwestern New Jersey,

Amer. Journ. Sci., ili, xxxvili, 130. Elaeolite Syenite near Beemerville, N.J.,

Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., vol. xi, p. 60, 1892. Basic Dike near Hamburg,

Sussex Co., N. J., which has been thought to contain Leucite, Amer. Journ.

Sci., April, 1893, p. 298. Additional Note on Leucite in New Jersey, Amer.

Jour. Sci., March or April, 1894.

2 J. C. Smock, Bull. N. Y. State Mus., vol. ii, No. 10, p. 231.

AnnaLs N. Y. AcaAp. Sci., VII, Feb. 1894.

Granite at Mounts Adam and Eve. 639.

To the latter gentlemen we acknowledge our great indebtedness for

assistance.

Once on the ground, the problems of the blue and white limestone,

which have recently been brought to general attention in New Jer-

sey, by F. L. Nason, also attracted us, and the results of the trip

became concerned with a wider subject than the petrography of the

granite alone. The belt of closely involved blue and white lime-

stones, which begins in Warwick Township, of Orange Co., N. Y.,

and just north of Mt. Eve, runs southwesterly through New Jersey,

for a total unbroken stretch of over thirty miles. Isolated patches,

usually of small size, run still further—quite to the Delaware River.

The general width varies greatly. At Amity, N. Y., it is two miles

across, but elsewhere it rules mueh narrower, and as stated it may

disappear entirely. A detailed sketch of the New Jersey expo-

sures is given by F. L. Nason, in the Annual Report of the New

Jersey Survey for 1890, pp. 25-50 (The Post-Archean Age of the

White Limestones of Sussex Co., N. J.), and many details and

sections are recorded.'

A vast amount of attention has been directed to this belt in the

past, because it is one of the most prolific sources of fine minerals

the world over. The great and unique zinc mines of Franklin Fur-

nace and Ogdensburgh’ are in it, and innumerable localities else-

where have contributed their share, not least of which are Amity

and Edenville in the tract visited by us. The geological questions

are briefly the following. A white crystalline limestone is closely

involved with a blue, and rarely fossiliferous one, which latter has

been shown to be of Cambrian Age. The white borders gneissic or

granitic rocks, and is abundantly penetrated by masses of granitic

affinities, and by others of curious mineralogical composition. In

these portions it is copiously charged with interesting minerals.

1 Additional papers by Mr. Nason have appeared under the same title in

the Amer. Geol., April, 1891, p. 241, and September, 1891, p.166. The former

gives an historical review of opinions advanced in the last seventy years,

while the latter is a reply to a review of the New Jersey Report for 1890, by

Professor J. D. Dana, in the Amer. Journ. Sci., July, 1891, p. 70. Great

_eredit is due Mr. Nason for his endeavor to base the decision of this question

on detailed records of observations, aud not on generalities, as was done by

most of his predecessors.

2 In the Transactions of the N. Y. Academy of Sciences for Nov. 1893,

J. F. Kemp has given a description of these ore bodies with a bibliography

and annotated list of minerals.

Annats N. Y. Acap. Scr., VII, Feb. 1894.12

640 Granite at Mounts Adam and Eve.

Briefly, is the white crystalline limestone Archean in age, deposited

on the gneisses and granites, and regionally metamorphosed, while

the blue is a later overlying Cambrian deposit; or, are they both

one and the same formation, originally blue, of which the part next

the great, intruded granite knobs and dikes, now perhaps gneissic,

has been metamorphosed by this intrusion to white, and charged

with ‘silicates? Keating and Vanuxem (1822),’ C. U. Shepard

(1832),? Cook (1868),? and Britton (1886),* have supported the

former; while Nutall (1822),5 Rogers (1836),° Mather (1843),'

Nason (1890) have urged the latter. Kitchell, State geologist of

New Jersey from 1854-1861, did not definitely commit himself,

and the results of the U.S. Geol: Survey, under J. E. Wolff, are

not yet available.® There is still a third view possible, to wit, that

the white limestone is Archean in age, but metamorphosed along

granite intrusions, and so charged with minerals, while the blue is

later. These contact effects we regard as beyond question, how-

ever uncertain the relations of the blue and white limestone may

be regarded. |

Difficulties in Reaching a Decision.—There are difficulties in the

way of deciding the stratigraphic relations of the two which become

apparent in the field. In Orange County the region is richly culti-

vated, and outcrops are not as numerous as one could wish. Even

when they are to be seen, the white limestone is almost entirely

lacking in dip and strike, and is of very massive character. At no

point were we able to trace either variety to an actual contact with

the other; but we did find the outcrops along the road running due

1 Journ. Phila. Acad. Sci., 1822, p. 277.

2 Amer. Journ. Sci., i, xxi, p. 323. A geological map of the vicinity of Mt.

Adam and Mt. Eve, ios Messrs. Young and Heron, accompanies this paper, and

is reprinted in Mather’s Rept. (see Reference 7) as Plate 41.

3 Geology of New Jersey, 1868, p. 310. The same view is upheld in later

reports, notably on the geological map accompanying that of 1880.

4 New Jersey Survey, 1886, pp. 77-83.

5 Amer. Journ. Sci., i, v, p. 247, last paragraph.

6 Geological Survey of New Jersey, Report of 1840, pp. 47-67 (as quoted by

Nason).

7 Report on the Geology of the Fourth District, N. Y., p. 465, fifth para-

graph.

§ Annual Report N. J. State Survey, 1890, pp. 25-50.

9 Reference should be made to the recent paper by A. F. Foerste (Amor

Journ. Sci., Dec. 1893, p. 435), who discusses fossiliferous localities in the Lobe

limestone, etc.

Granite at Mounts Adam and Eve. 641

north from Edenville and then northwest in a general way along

the line of section 3 (see Map and Sections, Plates II and III), within

about 200 feet of each other, and on the northeast slopes of Mt.

Eve, and at the north end the two are much mixed up together.

It is doubtful if a very pronounced contact would show at any point,

even were the soil all stripped away. The blue becomes graphitic,

and notably crystalline towards the white, and in a series of speci-

mens almost all intermediate grades may be illustrated. Where, as

on the eastern side of Round Hill, the blue approaches closely to

the granite, it is excessively siliceous, if not actually a quartzite,

and hence not a favorable material for contact effects. On the whole

we felt forced to the opinion that the white is metamorphosed blue,

and we think it most reasonable to attribute the change to the

granite intrusions. The petrographic details and local observa-

tions will be next given.

PETROGRAPHY OF THE GRANITIC Rocks ofr Mt. ADAM AND Mv. Eve.

On the eastern side of Mt. Adam and the western side of Mt.

Eve quite extensive quarries have been opened, where they are

indicated by the conventional sign on the map. Practically the

same rock as shown by the slides makes up both ridges, although,

in places, it is fairly gneissic. It is a hornblende granite, rather

coarsely crystalline at the quarries, with its individual components

appearing a + to 4 inch in diameter. It resembles the well-known

Quincy granite somewhat, but is rather darker and has a pinkish

cast in with the green, due to the varying tints of the feldspar.

More or less biotite is also present, and, especially near the edges,

some augite. Under. the microscope these larger crystals break up

into smaller ones, and the actual size is nearer ,!,—} inch.

The granite is at once seen to be a very basic variety, with quite

as much plagioclase as orthoclase, and in instances even more. The

rock might with almost as much propriety be called a quartz-diorite.

It suggests strongly the ‘‘diorite-granites’’ of S. F. Emmons (Ge-

ology of Butte, Mont., Trans. Inst. Min. Eng., xvi, 52, and Geologi-

cal Sketches by same author), which are so important in Butte, and

elsewhere in Montana, where the same variability occurs. Quartz

is quite abundant, but not especially so. It is charged with the

usual dusty inclusions, solid, liquid, and gaseous. Normal orthe-

clase is not especially common, but is largely replaced by microcline

6492 Granite at Mounts Adam and Eve.

and microperthite. The microperthite may be a secondary result,

and due to the development of albite along cleavage planes from

incoming soda solutions. This view has been held both abroad and

here, where the microperthite has been found alike in districts of

regional metamorphism, and in gneisses regarded as altered sedi-

ments. The undulatory phenomena that accompany dynamic dis-

turbances are not lacking, though not especially notable in the slides.

Plagioclase is, as stated above, often in excess.

The hornblende is a dense black variety that becomes transparent

only in the thinnest sections. It then appears yellowish-green,

parallel a; black, parallel b; deep green, parallel ¢. Brown biotite

is in much less amount. On Round Hill, however, to the north it

is the only dark silicate in specimens from the summit. Allanite is

frequent in the granite from the quarries on Adam and Eve, and

also in especially large amount in rather coarse pegmatitic masses

of feldspar and quartz, that occur in the granite, and that cause

imperfections in the stone. These contributed to the failure of the

enterprise on Mt. Adam. The allanite is at times in well-bounded

crystals, but of these the best were collected in the early days of

the openings and near the surface. The specimens are in all large

collections of minerals. At present, rude crystals and masses are

the only ones found. The mineral is so extremely brittle that the

crystals, when fairly well developed, were almost always shattered to

pieces when we tried to get them out. In sections, the mineral is

yellowish-brown to seal-brown, and as usual is strongly pleochroie.

It becomes dark and almost opaque on revolving the stage. The

mineral is so opaque, and withal so brittle, that it is not easy to

get a satisfactory section. It is almost always accompanied by

purple fluor spar, which appears along the edges of the crystals.

It is also, at times, bounded by a lighter colored brown rim of what

is probably slightly decomposed allanite. The optical properties of

the Edenville allanite have been measured by Michel-Levy and

Lacroix, who determine the mean index of refraction to be above

1.78, and the difference between the greatest and least indices to be

0.032. (Bull. Soc. Min. Trans., xi, 65, 1888.)

The comparative abundance of this rare mineral is interesting.

The elements of the cerium group seem especially associated with

the granites along the belt of white limestone. At Franklin Fur-

nace allanite is very abundant, alike in the granite dike that pierces

Granite at Mounts Adam and Eve. 6438

the ore body of the Trotter mine,’ and in pegmatitic masses in the

abandoned iron mines on the hill north of the depot. It also occurs

with pyroxene in the Mud mine at Ogdensburgh, where granitic or

dioritic intrusions are well developed.

Although allanite or orthite has been analyzed from Monroe, a

neighboring township, none from Mt. Adam has yet been reported

on. Prof. Dennis, of Cornell, who has given much attention to the

difficult chemistry of the rare earths, now has some under way.

Minute zircons of excellent crystallization are common in the

granite, and titanite in rude masses is frequent. Magnetite not

infrequently appears. The pegmatitic masses that contain the

allanite yield beautiful microscopic crystals of zircon when crushed

and panned out. The granite varies in structure and appearance

in the Mt. Adam quarries much more than in those of Mt. Eve,

and this variability in large part has rendered the former unsuccess-

ful. The pegmatitic imperfections have already been cited; but in

addition, the normal, coarsely crystalline and relatively light-colored

granite changes abruptly into close-grained and dark streaks up to

several feet across, which however possess practically the same

minerals as the former, although much more dioritie in appearance.

They appear to be due to differences in the original magma, as they

are certainly not later intrusions. In the applications as a building

stone they were of course fatal.

At the north end of Mt. Eve the granite is quite gneissic, but the

same minerais are shown by the sections. Still here, even more than

to the south, evidences of dynamic disturbances appear. Crushed

ervstals of quartz and feldspar, microperthite, and the like are all

abundant. In the granite from Round Hill the hornblende gives

way to biotite, and some variations of structure are shown. While

all the minerals are well crystallized, the structure occasionally

approximates that of quartz-porphyry. Ina knob east of Mt. Eve we

found fine graphic granite. It is formed of quartz blades in micro-

cline of microperthitic habit. In the smaller knobs the granite is

prevailingly gneissic.

1.J. F. Kemp, The Ore-deposits at Franklin Furnace and Ogdensburgh, N. J.,

Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Oct. 1893. A.S. Eakle, The Allanite of the Trotter

Mine, idem, Nov. 1893, Amer. Jour. Sci., April or May, 1894.

644 Granite at Mounts Adam and Eve.

PETROGRAPHY OF THE LIMESTONES.

The white limestone at a distance from the granite shows little

of interest. It is a coarsely crystalline mass of calcite individuals

with an occasional scale of graphite. Scattered six-sided crystals

of phlogopite are now and then present. They are colorless to very

faint brown, have a small angle of the optic axes, perhaps 5°, and

show the normal properties of mica of the second order, as regards

the percussion figure. The streaks of chondrodite that also appear

lead one always to suspect the proximity of granite, even though it

may not outcrop. Chondrodite appears in or near the undoubted

contacts in its best development.

‘he blue limestone is much finer in crystallization, but is made

up of small calcite crystals, and near the borders of the white lime-

stone it becomes itself graphitic, and in fact shows all intermediate

stages of transition.

THE CONTACTS.

The most interesting features of the exposures are to be found

along the contacts of the granite and white limestone. In several

places we found these in place, and in many other instances traced

either the white limestone or the granite to a point where they could

not have been over a few feet apart. Interesting and marked changes

manifest themselves in both granite and limestone. In-general it

may be said that either the former becomes an aggregate of light

green monoclinic pyroxene and scapolite, or ‘we find a granite-like

zone formed by these two. With them titanite is quite invari-

able. This association was so often found that it justifies speak-

ing of the ‘‘scapolite zone.”” Whether this zone is to be considered

a contact phase of the limestone or of the granite may be a ques-

tion, but the specimens were in most cases gathered as granite and

only recognized in the thin sections. Where, however, the scapo-

lite is sufficiently coarse, it looks, to use the felicitous comparison

of the Norwegian geologists, like ‘‘wet snow.” ‘The limestone

near the contacts becomes charged with silicates, either in bunches

and irregular masses, or else in general dissemination. These

masses are chiefly brownish-green hornblende of a peculiar tint,

dark brown biotite or phlogopite (the distinction between these is

obscure), light green pyroxene, titanite, calcite, pyrite, and some

Granite at Mounts Adam and Eve. 645

scapolite. Some even more complex aggregates will be mentioned

in the detailed notes that follow. Chondrodite, at times, thickly

charges the limestone, and with it is spinel. These contacts have

been the fruitful source of the many interesting minerals that have

come from this region in the past. One of the best contacts is seen

along the southern prolongation of Mt. Eve on the farm of Mr.

Onderdonk. The limestone, thickly charged with dark silicates,

resembles the franklinite ore of New Jersey, and has excited some

unwarranted local hopes. The silicates are chiefly the characteristic

brownish-green hornblende, dark yellowish-brown biotite, titanite,

and faint green pyroxene. ‘The granite outcrops at a short distance

on the land of Mr. James Hedges. North of the highway the lime-

stone and the granite are in actual contact. The former shows

coarsely crystalline calcite and phlogopite; the latter light green

pyroxene and scapolite. Fifteen feet from the contact the granite

consists of quartz, microcline, and green pyroxene.

A fine exposure occurs near the old boarding-house formerly used

by the hands of the Mt. Adam quarry. This limestone lies between

Mt. Adam and Mt. Hve, so that it has been in a very favorable

situation for alteration. North of the boarding-house the limestone

is surcharged with streaks of silicates. These consist chiefly of the

greenish-brown hornblende characteristic of the contacts. Its pleo-

chroism is very light yellow, parallel a; faint yellowish-brown,

parallel b; faint bluish-green, parallel c. It forms large, irregular

crystals in the slide with an extinction of 20°. Closely involved

with it is clear green pyroxene, while the remainder.of the slide (13)

is scapolite. This mixture, with some additions and variations, we

find quite invariably along these contacts. The nearest outcrop of

granitic rock, back of the boarding-house and about 50 yards away, is

a quartz diorite (slide 14) with quartz, plagioclase, dirty brown horn-

blende, titanite, and little if any orthoclase. A little way south of

the barracks a. ledge has been blasted. It proved to contain (slide 15)

microcline, light green, monoclinic pyroxene and titanite, and to be

much like 11. One-eighth of a mile south of Mt. Adam the high-

way crosses the contact. The limestone contains bunches of coarsely

erystalline, dark biotite a foot or more through (spec. 27), while

the granite four feet distant consists of the usual mixture of green

pyroxene and scapolite (slide 28). On the southwest side of Mt.

Adam one of the most interesting sections of all is afforded. It is

illustrated by the accompanying Figure 1. Leaving Mt. Adam a

646 Granite at Mounts Adam and Eve.

swampy stretch is first passed, and then a ledge of coarsely crystal-

line white limestone is met, which is charged with great masses of

red chondrodite, up to two inches in diameter. Beyond this granite

appears, and then the usual scapolite zone. This last is very coarsely

e 2

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lobo yas, % 150 ySS, $< (ayas XX boyds>€ 409 yds. >

Fig. 1.—Section from the Southwest side of Mt. Adam—Northwest toward the

Drowned Lands. The tree is a lone butternut,

crystalline and contains fine prisms of scapolite, in cavities, due

probably to the solution and removal of calcite. We found them up

to two inches in diameter, and well terminated. Prisms of pyrox-

ene are all through the scapolite, often 4 to 2? of an inch in diame-

ter, and having the usual eight faces of the prism zone. ‘Titanites

too of large size appear, showing OP, —P, anda P. Doubtless some

rarer minerals could be found by searching, but the three mentioned

are by far the commonest. Beyond the scapolite lies coarse white

limestone, which runs under gravel until all flatten down beneath the

old lake bottom of the Drowned Lands.’ In a quarry on the Miller

farm, which lies on the east side of Mt. Eve, along the line of séc-

tion 2 (Fig. 1), an interesting contact appears. The usual zone of

pyroxene and scapolite is well developed, and in the limestone are

many bunches of silicates, ete. In the thin sections phlogopite is

abundant, and chondrodite with spinel and fluorite is well developed.

The chondrodite with its honey-yellow to colorless pleochroism fur-

nishes a very beautiful mineral. It lacks crystal boundaries as is

usual along this belt of limestone. In one section a fine twin was

1 This old lake bottom is a most interesting topographical study, and is as

fine an illustration of such phenomena as could be desired. For miles along

the Walkill River it forms a level, more or less swampy stretch, above which

some hills project known as ‘‘islands.’’ Such are Big Island, Pine Island,

etc. The land is now pretty well drained and devoted to raising onions. The

workmen engaged in the early drainage ditches suffered from some peculiar

malarial fevers. (See, ‘‘An Account of the Fever which lately prevailed in

the Drowned Lands in Orange Co., N. Y., by Dr. D. R. Arnell, Amer. Med.

and Phil. Register, II, 8, 1822.)

Granite at Mounts Adam and Eve. 647

met (slide 150). The section proved to be approximately perpen-

dicular to the acute bisectrix, and the plane of the optic axes in

one-half of the twin madean angle of about 34° with the trace of

the twinning plane, and in the other half about 44°, but in the same

sense as that of the first half, placing thus the two planes of the

optic axes at 10° with each other. The alteration yields an iso-

tropic aggregate, in which the fresh kernels are embedded, and the

whole effect is very like that of altered olivine. Specimens from

the farm of Mr. E. Green, southeast of Mt. Eve, from a prospect

that had been dug for minerals, proved to contain the usual contact

mixture of silicates, ete., including hornblende, biotite, titanite,

scapolite, and with these leucopyrite, well known from this region

(slides 100-103). The small granite exposures northwest of Amity,

on the land of Mr. D. Knapp, exhibited in section the usuai malaco-

lite, plagioclase, a little orthoclase, and a fine rutile crystal. While

the neighboring limestone showed the usual silicates.

In résumé of these contacts it may be said that the granite be-

comes much richer in pyroxene (malacolite) as they are approached,

but it shows no developments of porphyritic structure, so that we

are justified in concluding that we have to do with a plutonic mass.

Along the contact is the scapolite zone, consisting of coarsely crys-

talline seapolite and malacolite. Next comes the coarsely crystal-

line limestone charged with the aggregates of silicates so often

mentioned above. These are oftenest in bunches and knobs, but

also appear in general dissemination in many places. The presence

of chondrodite and fluorite, with their percentages in fluorine, is

worthy of comment in these surroundings. The rare borotitanate

of magnesia and iron, warwickite, that has been found near Amity

is also not to be overlooked, as containing boracic acid, a charac-

teristic associate of granite contacts. The following additional con-

tact minerals have been noted by collectors of minerals—vesuvian-

ite, tourmaline, and corundum.

Mineral aggregates in limestone, along igneous contacts, and

similar to those described above, are known elsewhere in this

country, and have been described from several EKuropean sources.

In the prolongation of this white limestone belt into New Jersey,

F. L. Nason has recorded the presence of the scapolite rock as a

contact phenomenon of granite." Its mineralogy, as determined by

1 Annual Report State Geologist of N. J., 1890, p. 32.

648 Granite at Mounts Adam and Eve.

G. H. Williams (1. ¢., p. 33), is exactly the same that is so often

mentioned in these pages. Nason mentions also the development

of scapolite in limestone, next the great trap dike at Rudeville, near

Hamburg, N. J. (1. ¢., p. 33). J. F. Kemp has already cited such

from Van Artsdalen’s quarry, Bucks Co., Penna.,’ where the min-

erals are practically the same and norite is near. On Lake Cham-

plain, especially near Port Henry, such aggregates are very promi-

nent features of the limestone near the gabbro intrusions.” G. H.

Williams mentions as the result of the intrusion of mica-diorite and

peridotite into the Cambrian limestones of Stony Point, N. Y.,*

pale pyroxene (malacolite), light green hornblende, zoisite, spkene,

and quite abundant scapolite, a practical repetition of the contacts

at Mt. Adam and Mt. Eve.

It is in Spain, France, and Norway that the most interesting

parallels are found. For many years the rich development of scap-

olite (dipyr, couseranite) in the Mesozoic limestone of the Pyrenees

along intrusions of granite, nepheline syenite, and ophite (diabase)

has been known—Zirkel,‘ Lacroix,’ Frossard,® and others have de-

scribed them. Zirkel mentions, on a granite contact (1. c., p. 201),

tremolite, epidote, and couseranite, and again, p. 205, dipyr in

crystals over an inch long. Along the contacts with the ophite,

the coarsely crystalline limestones are charged with dipyr, couser-

anite, green hornblende, pyrite, white mica and a little quartz

(p. 206). Lacroix mentions a zone formed of brecciated limestone,

containing great crystals of dipyre, also actinolite, pyrite, ete.

Frossard gives a quite extended list of minerals, and cites dipyre

and couseranite.

Probably the best known of all developments of scapolite are in

Norway in association with the great deposits of apatite, whose

geology has been such a difficult problem. A very complete review

1 Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., xii, 74, Jan. 1893.

2 J. F. Kemp, Gabbros on the West Shore of Lake Champlain, Bull. Geol.

Soc. Amer., v, Boston Meeting.

3G. H. Williams, Contact Phenomena of the Cortland Series, Amer. Journ.

Sci., Oct. 1888, p. 267.

4 ¥. Zirkel, Beitrage zur geolog. Kenntniss der Pyrenden Zeit. d.d. g. Ges.,

xix, 68-216, 1867.

5 A. Lacroix, Description des Syénites néphéliniques de Pouzac, etc., Bull.

Geol. Soc. de France, 1890, 511. .

6 C. L. Frossard, Sur les Roches metamorphiques de Pouzac, etc., Comptes

Rendus, cx, 1890, 1013.

Granite at Mounts Adam and Eve. 649

with bibliography of the geological relations has been prepared by

F. D. Adams and A. C. Lawson,! which, being in English, and

generally accessible, need not be repeated here. A gabbro in these

Scandinavian localities is a quite regular associate of the deposits

of apatite, and towards its contact with the latter it becomes a mix-

ture of scapolite and hornblende, and is called ‘‘ geflecter Gabbro.”

It is regarded as a contact facies of the gabbro, and as a favorable

indication of apatite. While not finding it in the same relations in

Canada, Adams and Lawson conclude their paper with the follow-

ing statement, of great interest in connection with the Warwick

occurrences: ‘‘ That scapolite diorite, and transition rocks between

it and gabbro, identical with the Norwegian rocks, do occur in our

Laurentian System, associated with amphibolites and crystalline

limestones.”

Lacroix’ has recently reviewed the Norwegian localities anew

with many drawings of microscopic sections. The rocks described

from Brittany, in the same paper, are in instances much like ours.

M. Lacroix has also studied the geology of the scapolite of Canton,

St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., without, however, because of limited ex-

posures, establishing so fully, as in the other cases, its contact nature.

In the contacts around Mt. Adam and Mt. Eve, those scapolites

that are disseminated in limestone in the bunches of silicates are

doubtless due to solutions, stimulated by the intrusive rock; but it

is quite likely that in the massive granitic mixture, forming the

characteristic scapolite zone, this mineral is an altered plagioclase.

It is a favorite secondary product after oligoclase, and possibly

this relatively basic feldspar has been the original of it. The in-

creasing basicity of the granite toward the contacts has already

been commented upon. Ifa portion of the limestone wall had been

fused into the granitic magma, such a mixture might readily be

explained. If the white limestone is metamorphosed blue, the

granite must be post-Cambrian. The Beemerville nepheline syenite

is later than the Oneida conglomerate at the base of the Upper

Silurian.

- The following propositions sum up the petrographical part of the

paper, after which some further stratigraphical notes are appended :

1 On some Canadian Rocks containing Scapolite, etc., Canadian Record of

Science, iii, 185, 1888.

2 Contributions a l’étude des gneiss 4 pyroxéne et des roches & wernérite,

Bull. Soc. Fran. de Minéralogie, xii, 181, 1889.

GpO) # Granite at Mounts Adam and Eve.

1. There is undoubted intrusive and true igneous granite present |

in extended development.

2. There are heavily metamorphosed white limestones invariably

next it, and they are charged with minerals peculiar to these con- *

tacts elsewhere.

3. The white lime graduates into blue, with transitional, erp

forms.

4. The remote blue limestone shows no metamorphism, and the

same belt in New Jersey contains Cambrian fossils.

The only locality where fossils were found in the area mapped

was in a limited outcrop of blue limestone just north of the

Lehigh and Hudson River R. R., between Warwick and Stone

Bridge, where several easterly dip and strike symbols appear on

the line of Section 2. The layer in which they occur consists

of a purplish shale, immediatelvy-overlying a hard band of cherty

limestone. The fossils are exceedingly fragmentary and difficult to

determine with accuracy. They consist principally of bryozoans,

leperditiz, molluscs, and detached portions of trilobites.

The bryozoans are indeterminate. In the trilobite remains we

may recognize provisionally a Dalmanites, and in the Leperditia we

have either ZL. alta or one closely allied to it. Meristella levis,

Nucleospira ventricosa aud Celospira concava are the only mol-

lusks which can be determined with any degree of certainty. From ‘

this unsatisfactory material we can only infer in a general way that

this portion of blue limestone represents the lower Helderberg

horizon. Our failure to find fossils in the other blue limestone areas

examined prevented the determination of their relations, but as we

did not specially search for them, they may yet be discovered.

The only indication of organic matter in them which we met, or

in the white limestone, was the occurrence of graphite. In this con-

nection it is of interest to note that throughout the white limestone,

wherever slips or shear planes were found, the graphite was flat-

tened and extended into long ribbon-like streaks, in the direction of

the slipping or shearing, which were hardly to be distinguished, so

far aS appearances are concerned, from Archxophyton Newberrya-

num, described by Dr. N. L. Britton, from the white crystalline

limestone of Sussex Co., N. J.!

1 Annals N. Y. Acad. Sci., iv, 123, 124, pl. vii.

Granite at Mounts Adam and Eve. 651

APPENDIX. .

List and Bibliography of the Minerals occurring

in Warwick Township.

By Heinrich Ries, Fellow in Mineralogy, Columbia College.

The following abbreviations are used :—

A., Amity. B., Beck’s Mineralogy of N. Y., 1843—A good reference work.

D., Dana’s System of Mineralogy, 1893. H., Edenville. F., S. Fowler, An

account of some new and extraordinary minerals discovered at Warwick,

Orange Co., N. Y., A. J. S., i, ix, p. 242. L., Ann. N. Y. Lyceum Nat. Hist.

M., List of Minerals of Orange Co., by R. Horton, in Mather’s Rep. Geol.,

Ist Dist., N. Y., 1843, p. 577, and N. Y. Geol. Surv., 1839; p. 166—a very

complete list. R., Robinson’s American Mineral Localities, Boston, 1822.

S., C. U. Shepard, Mineralogy of Orange Co., N. Y., and Sussex, N. J., A. J.

S., i, xxi, p. 333. W., Warwick. .

Dana’s last edition, 1893, of the System of Mineralogy has been

taken as the standard of species, but in the case of feldspar and

mica, general names not always subdivided by the older writers,

they are allowed to stand as species, being not repeated.

| Actinolite. See Amphibole.

J 1. Allanite. E., D.

Amianthus. See Amphibole.

2. Amphibole. A., E., W., D., p. 397; B., p. 301; M.,S.

Asbestus or Amianthus. A., Mt. Eve, M.

Actinolite. W., F.

Edenite. E., S., Breithaupt Handb., p. 558, 1847. B., p. 302; D. Has

also been described as Hairbrown Amphibole, Augite, and Pyrallolite,

see S.

Pargasite. HE., A., M.

Tremolite. H., A., M.

3. Apatite. A., E., D., B., p. 241; M., S.

. Aragonite. E., B., p. 236; M.,S.

5. Arsenopyrite. A., E., W.,.D., R., B., p. 394. Cleveland’s Min. 2d

Ed., 1822.

Asbestus. See Amphibole.

ay Augite. See Pyroxene.

Boltonite. See Forsterite.

Bronzite. A.,S. Probably refers to Seybertite. The name Bronzite was

given by J. Finch, A. J. S., xvi, p. 185, 1829.

Brown spar. See Dolomite.

, D., 8S. Shepard says it has been called Coccolite.

652 Granite at Mounts Adam and Eve.

Brucite. See Chondrodite.

Cacholong. See Opal.

6. Calcite. A.D.) Bap. 2225) MLS,

Chalcedony. See Quartz.

7. Chalcopyrite. E., D., B., p. 424.

Chlorite. A chlorite near leuchtenbergite is stated by Tschermak to accom

pany seybertite—D., p. 639.

8. Chondrodite. A., E., W., D., p.539; B., p. 282; M., M., R. and §. call

it brucite. T. Thomson, L., iii, p. 54. F

Cinnamon stone. See Garnet.

Clintonite. See Seybertite.

Coccolite. See Pyroxene.

9. Corundum. A., W., D., p. 213, 5. Also called Sapphire.

Crichtonite. See Ilmenite.

10. Cyanite. W., B., p. 365.

Diallage. See Pyroxene.

11. Dolomite. W., B., p. 254.

Brown spar. W., D., p. 271. M.

Edente. See Amphibole.

12. Epidote. A., W., D., B., p. 355; M.

13. Feldspar. A., E., W., D., p. 320; B., p. 237; M.

Labradorite. W.,M. Orthoclase also occurs.

14. Fluorite. A., E., D., p. 163; B., p. 245; M., S.

15. Forsterite. i on Lit, p50ls Be p: 283.

Has been aseonibed as Boltonite.

16. Garnet. A., W., D., p. 447; B., p. 327; M.

Grossularite or Cinnamon stone. M., D., p. 446.

17. Graphite. A., W., D., p. 7; R., M., 58.

The last three call it Plumbago.