CRYPTOGAMIE

Bryologie-Lichénologie

ANCIENNE REVUE BRYOLOGIQUE ET LICHÉNOLOGIQUE

Fondée par T. Husnot en 1874

Directeur scientifique: Mme S. Jovet-Ast

Rédaction:

Bryophytes: Mme H. Bischler, M. D. Lamy

Lichens. Mme C. Van Haluwyn

(Laboratoire de Botanique et de Cryptogamie,

Faculté de Pharmacie, B.P. 83, F-59006 Lille Cedex)

Editeur: A.D.A.C. - 12 rue Buffon F-75005 Paris.

COMITÉ DE LECTURE

Bryologie: J. Berthier (Clermont-Ferrand), J.L. De Sloover (Namur), P. Geissler (Genève), S.R.

Gradstein (Utrecht), J.P. Hébrard (Marseille), S. Jovet-Ast (Paris), A. Lecointe (Caen),

M.C. Noailles (Paris), C. Suire (Bordeaux).

Lichénologie: J. Asta (Grenoble), T. Bernard (Rennes), B. Bodo (Paris), W.L. Culberson

(Durham), M.C. Janex-Favre (Paris), J. Lambinon (Liège), M.A. Letrouit-Galinou (Pa-

ris), Cl. Roux (Marseille).

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ront à leur charge.

TARIFS DES ABONNEMENTS Tome 15, 1994

CRYPTOGAMIE comprend trois sections: Algologie, Bryologie-Lichénologie, Mycologie.

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CRYPTOGAMIE, Bryologie-Lichénologie est indexé par Biological Abstracts, Chemical

Abstratcs, Publications bibliographiques du CNRS (Pascal).

Source : MNHN, Paris

CRYPTOGAMIE

BRYOLOGIE LICHENOLOGIE

TOME 15 FASCICULE 2 1994

CONTENTS

H. BISCHLER, M.C. BOISSELIER-DUBAYLE, G. PANT - On Aitchisoniella

Kash. (Marchantiales) .. 103

H. CRUM and D. PINHEIRO DA COSTA - Sphagnum costae,

species related to S. molle Sull... 111

F. VALLADARES - Form-functional trends in Spanish umbilicariaceae with

special reference to water relations .. A 117

A.K. ASTHANA and VIRENDRA NATH - Distributional pattern of

Phaeoceros Prosk. in Kumaon and Garhwal region: Western Himalayas 129

A. TERRON ALFONSO and E. BARRENO RODRIGUEZ - Estimation of air

pollution in the area of influence of the coal power station at La Robla

(Leon, Northwest Spain) using epiphytic lichens as bioindicators ....... > 135

J.C. VADAM - New localities, in Franche-Comté for Grimmia teretinervis

Limpr., a poorly known species in France .. 153

F. LARA y V. MAZIMPAKA - Corticolous Bryophytes from the oak-woods of

Sierra de Gredos (Ávila, España) .. 2 161

E. TIMDAL - The ascus of Glyphopeltis ligustica 171

Bibliography

Bryophytes 173

Lichens .. 183

AA Bibliothèque Centrale Muséum

33001 002278504 - MNHN. Paris

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol. 1994, 15 (2): 103-110. 103

ON AITCHISONIELLA KASH. (MARCHANTIALES)

H. BISCHLER*, M.C. BOISSELIER-DUBAYLE*, G. PANT**

*Laboratoire de Cryptogamie, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle.

12 rue Buffon, F -75005 Paris. C. N. R. S., GDR 1005, Systématique moléculaire

** Department of Botany, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Naini Tal 263002 U.P. India

SUMMARY - Morphology, chromosome number, spore ornamentation and germination patterns of

Aitchisoniella himalayensis Kash., an endemic liverwort of the western Himalaya, are investigated. The

genus Aitchisoniella appears to belong to the Exormothecaceae and not to the Targioniaceae or the

Corsiniaceae, as stated previously,

Aitchisoniella Kash. is a monotypic genus of the order Marchantiales, endemic to

the western Himalaya. Since its description, it has been collected only a few times (Pant et

al. 1992), and it is known today from a single site (Pant in litt.). It has been described by

Kashyap (1914, 1929), and Ahmad (1938) made a thorough study of many of its morpho-

logical and ontogenetic characteristics. It was distributed in the exsiccatae of Verdoorn

(ser. 7, n? 346). Nevertheless, the plant remained poorly understood because it has peculiar

traits not found in any other Marchantiale.

The classification of the Marchantiales was based until recently mainly on the cha-

racteristics of the female reproductive structures. In Aitchisoniella, the anterior edge of the

archegoniophore remains embedded in thallus tissue, but not its posterior edge. This cha-

racteristic did not fit into any classification. The available specimens were scanty and

incomplete, and the drawings and descriptions did not help to clear up the affinities of the

taxon. It is not even mentioned by Schuster in his two important contributions to the clas-

sification and phylogeny of the Marchantiales (1984, 1992).

Dr. G. Pant and Dr. S.D. Tewari collected recently a living specimen of Aitchiso-

niella himalayensis Kash. with antheridia and archegoniophores, and sent it to Paris as a

contribution to forthcoming molecular phylogenetic studies in the Marchantiales. This

specimen permitted reassessment of the morphological characteristics of the species, spe-

cification of its chromosome number and investigation of its spore germination pattern.

With these data, the relationships of the genus with the other genera of the Marchantiales

are discussed.

Methods - The chromosomes were counted in thallus apices after fixation in an

alcohol-acetic acid-chloroform (1:1:1) solution for 24 h. and squashing in a propionic or-

cein stain. Germination of a few spores was obtained for the first time, after one month, on

millipore filters (Millipores C°, FG type) floating on a liquid mineral medium of pH 5.5 in

small sterile petri dishes. Germination assays with distilled water failed. Thalli and spore-

lings were fixed and critical point dried for SEM observations with a Jeol Stereoscan 500.

Source : MNHN, Paris

104 H. BISCHLER et al.

AITCHISONIELLA HIMALAYENSIS Kash.

New Phytol. 13: 219. 1914

Thallus Riccia-like, 2-3mm wide, not forming rosettes, bluish to yellowish green;

margins dark purple (fig. 1, 2). Branching dichotomous, sometimes producing apical inno-

vations after development of an archegoniophore. Median groove distinct at apex (fig. 3,

1). Epidermis thin-walled. Epidermal pores elevated above epidermis, surrounded by a

single ring of 5-7 barely differentiated cells; no ring of collapsed cells; radial walls

thickened (fig. 1, 3; fig. 2, 6). Air-chambers narrow, empty, in a single layer (fig. 1, 1),

each opening by an epidermal pore. Wall cells of air-chambers with many chloroplasts

(fig. 1, 4). Basal tissue undifferentiated, cell walls not pitted, with a few oil-cells, but wi-

thout sclerotic cells or mucilage cavities (fig. 1, 5). Rhizoids mainly smooth, a few tuber-

culate. Scales on ventral side of thallus in 2 rows, hyaline or dark purplish, with oil-cells

and marginal papillae, with a filiform appendage, 2-6 cells long, not constricted basally

(fig. 1, 6-8; fig. 3, 3).

Chromosome number n = 8 (fig. 3, 6).

Specialized propagules for asexual reproduction absent. Perennation during the dry

season by tuberous thallus apices.

Antheridia dorsal, in 2-3 irregular rows behind the archegoniophore, sunken into

thallus tissue, ostioles projecting (fig. 1, 9-10). Antheridial cavities without paraphyses.

Female receptacle terminal (fig. 3, 4-5), sometimes in the fork between two branches

(owing to very close dichotomies), imperfectly stalked, the posterior edge remaining em-

bedded in thallus tissue, the anterior stalked (fig. 1, 9). Stalk with a single, open rhizoid

furrow (fig. 1, 11), with scales similar to those of thallus (fig. 1, 9). Receptacle 1-2 (4)-lo-

bed (fig. 3, 5). Epidermal pores on receptacle simple, similar to those of thallus, elevated

above epidermis (fig. 3, 5). Involucres tubular, with a circular mouth directed upwards. Ar-

chegonia 5-6 (fig. 1, 9), and sporophytes 1 per involucre, no paraphyses. Archegonia with

neck 7-10 cell rows long, each row made up of 6 jacket cells. Calyptra becoming 3-4-layer-

ed after fertilization (Ahmad 1938).

Embryo filamentous. Sporophyte with a bulbous foot and a short seta, of 6-8 cells

diam. (Ahmad 1938). Capsule hardly exserted at maturity, the wall with thickened bands

(fig. 2, 4), 2-layered at apex. Capsule opening irregularly in upper part, containing about a

thousand spores. Elaters trispiral, 120-130um long (fig. 2, 5). Spore/elater ratio near 4/1.

Spores 40-43um diam., polar, proximal and distal faces with mamillae, wing large, trilete

scar distinct (fig. 2, 1-3).

Spore coat dehiscence on distal face (fig. 1, 12; fig. 3, 2). Germ rhizoid and plate

formation of Stephensoniella-type (fig. 1, 13-14).

Ecology and Distribution - In small patches, on dry slopes, meso-xerophytic, ex-

posed, on moist rocks and steep rocky cliffs. Altitudinal range: 2000-2950m.

Western Himalaya: Kulu (Kashyap 1929); Mahasu: Simla (Kashyap 1929), Nar-

kanda (distributed in Verdoorn's exsiccatae), Matiana (Ahmad 1938); Dehra Dun: Musso-

orie (Kashyap 1914); Tehri Garhwal: Dulchi Pass (Kashyap 1929, 1932); Naini Tal: Muk-

teshwar, Paharpani (Kanwal 1977), Orakhan (leg. Tewari, the specimen examined, FAA).

In recent years, collected by G. Pant and S.D. Tewari from Orakhan, Mukteshwar,

Aug. 1988, Sept. 1991, Sept. 1993. During the last collection (Sept. 1993), a ridge was dis-

covered in this area where Aitchisoniella grew with four other rare and threatened hepa-

Source : MNHN, Paris

AITCHISONIELLA KASH. 105

Fig. | - Aitchisoniella himalayensis. 1: thallus section, 2: thallus margin, 3; epidermal pores, dorsal view,

4: assimilatory layer and epidermal pores, section, 5: basal tissue with oil-cells, 6-8: ventral scales, 9:

longitudinal section of thallus, with antheridial cavity, archegoniophore, archegonia and scales, 10:

antheridial cavity, section, 11: archegoniophore stalk, section, 12-14: sporelings (scale bars in pm).

Source : MNHN, Paris

106 H. BISCHLER et al.

Fig. 2 - Aitchisoniella himalayensis. 1: spore, distal face, 2: spore, lateral view, distal face at top, 3: spore,

proximal face, 4: capsule wall with thickened bands, 5: elater, 6: epidermal pores of thallus (scale

bars=10um).

tics: Stephensoniella brevipedunculata Kash., Exormotheca tuberifera Kash., Athalamia

pinguis Fale. and Fossombronia himalayensis Kash. (all with sporophytes). Associated

species: Riccia sp. Asterella wallichiana (Lehm. et Lindenb.) Grolle, Plagiochasma

appendiculatum Lehm. et Lindenb., Bryum argenteum Hedw., B. bicolor Dicks., Barbula

Source : MNHN, Paris

AITCHISONIELLA KASH. 107

Fig. 3 - Aitchisoniella himalayensis. 1: colony; thalli with median groove at apex and dark purplish

margins (x5), 2: spore germination; spore coat rupture at distal face, 3: thallus apex with a young

archegoniophore and scales, 4: young archegoniophore with scales at anterior edge, 5: two-lobed

archegoniophore, the anterior edge, at left, embedded in thallus tissue, 6: gametophytic metaphase

chromosomes (x13500)(scale bars: 2=10um; 3, 4, 5=100pm).

Source : MNHN, Paris

108 H. BISCHLER et al.

confertifolia Mitt., Funaria hygrometrica Hedw., Fissidens taxifolius Hedw., and Pogona-

tum aloides (Hedw.) P. Beauv. Few patches were collected from muddy steep slopes and

mud-capped exposed rocks (pH 5.2) in a mixed Oak forest hillside.

Spore germination is difficult to obtain. Udar & Srivastava (1984) could not

achieve it and attributed this fact to the rarity and the limited distribution of the species.

However, sexual reproductive structures and sporophytes seem to be produced abundantly.

RELATIONSHIPS OF AITCHISONIELLA

TO OTHER GENERA OF THE MARCHANTIALES

Kashyap (1914, 1919, 1929) believed, as did most contemporary authors, that the

simpler members of the Marchantiales were derived from the more complex ones by re-

duction. He placed Aitchisoniella between Exormotheca Mitt. and Targionia L. in a re-

duction series of the female reproductive structures, distinctly stalked in the first, sessile in

the latter. Aitchisoniella represented for him the link between Marchantiaceae (Bisch.)

Lindl. (Exormotheca was placed in this family at that time) and Targioniaceae Dum. These

same relationships were recalled by Pande (1936), Ahmad (1938), and Mehra (1957a and

b). Later on, Mehra (1969) mentioned a Stephensoniella-Aitchisoniella-Targionia line "in

which Aitchisoniella admirably occupies an intermediate position in exhibiting almost

sessile, yet distinct, carpocephalum arising in the terminal or marginal position on the

thallus lobes". The same phylogenetic view, the presence of a reduction series, underlies

this statement because Stephensoniella Kash., like Exormotheca has a distinctly stalked

female receptacle.

In recent years, the phylogenetic concept of a linear derivation of the genera from

an ancestral taxon was abandoned, and more complex relationships between the genera and

families of the Marchantiales were worked out, especially by Schuster (1984 and 1992).

However, the relationships of Aitchisoniella were never seriously discussed recently by any

bryologist. The reason was outlined by Proskauer (1961): "..the poor quality of both the

published drawings and the exsiccata in hand do not permit me to understand what goes

on... He placed the genus, with a question mark, in the Targioniaceae, as did Müller

(1940). Later, Miiller (1951-1956), as did Schuster (1966), transferred it to the Corsinia-

ceae Engl. Finally, Schuster (1979) created for it its own family, Aitchisonicllaceae

Schust., placed in the suborder Targioniineae Schust., together with the Targioniaceae

(Targionia, Cyathodium Kunze). This new family name was not validly published (Int.

Code of Bot. Nomencl. 1988, art. 41.1) and Schuster did not mention it in his later publi-

cations on the phylogeny of the Marchantiales.

In preliminary cladistic analyses of the order Marchantiales, Aitchisoniella appears

closely related to Exormotheca and Stephensoniella, both members of the Exormotheca-

ceae, and this clade appears as a sister group of all the other families of the Marchantiales,

except Corsiniaceae, Monocarpaceae Carr, Ricciaceae Rchb. and Oxymitraceae Müll. In

fact, its relationships with the Targioniaceae or Corsiniaceae appear remote. The Targio-

niaceae develop no archegoniophores. The single, bivalved involucre is displaced to the

ventral side of the thallus, The epidermal pores are of a more complex structure. Chromo-

some number (x = 9) and spore germination pattern are unlike. In the Corsiniaceae too, no

archegoniophore is developed. The sporophytes are dorsal on the thallus midline and ses-

sile, protected only by a thickened calyptra. The capsules are cleistocarpous and lack wall

Source : MNHN, Paris

AITCHISONIELLA KASH. 109

thickenings. In this family however, chromosome number (x = 8) and spore germination

pattern are similar to those found in the Exormothecaceae Müll. (Inoue 1961) and in

Aitchisoniella.

The establishment of a distinct family for Aitchisoniella seems unwarranted. It

shares with Exormotheca and Stephensoniella, the two genera placed in the Exormotheca-

ceae, a basic chromosome number of x = 8; the spore germination pattern; the structure of

the epidermal pores; air-chambers in a single layer; ventral scales in two rows; dorsal an-

theridia, not aggregated into a receptacle; terminal, stalked archegoniophores, the stalk

with scales, with a single rhizoid furrow; the female receptacle usually two-lobed and with

pores similar to those of thallus; archegonia several per involucre, the involucre tubular;

sporophytes with distinct foot, short seta and capsule with thickened walls, opening irregu-

larly in upper part; large, polar spores. Tuberous apices for perennation are frequent in all

species of the family.

However, Aitchisoniella is clearly distinct from the two other genera of the Exor-

mothecaceae by the morphology of its archegoniophore, embedded with its posterior edge

in thallus tissue. In Exormotheca, the epidermal pores are strongly elevated above epi-

dermis, and the air-chambers are filled with filaments arising from their floor, a characte-

ristic found in many unrelated genera of the Marchantiales. Spore coat ornamentation is

strikingly different on proximal and distal faces of the spores, and the antheridia are loca-

ted in a thallus groove, as in Stephensoniella. In this latter genus, the spore/elater division

seems to be different (a single spore per elater), and the elaters have a single helical band.

The ventral scales are without oil-cells or marginal papillae.

In conclusion, Aitchisoniella seems best placed, together with Exormotheca and

Stephensoniella , in the family Exormothecaceae.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT - Field trips: financial support by the Department of Science and Technology.

REFERENCES

AHMAD S., 1938 - A study of Aitchisoniella himalayensis Kash. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. sect. B, 7: 206-

223.

INOUE H., 1961 - Studies in spore germination and the earlier stages of gametophyte development in the

Marchantiales. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 23: 148-191.

KANWAL H. S., 1977 - Marchantiales of district Naini Tal (Kumaun Hills) U.P. India, Rev. Bryol. Li-

chénol. 43: 327-338.

KASHYAP S.R., 1914 - Morphological and biological notes on new and little known West Himalayan

Liverworts, 1. New Phytologist 13: 206-226.

KASHYAP S.R., 1919 - The relationships of liverworts especially in the light of some recently discove-

red Himalayan forms. Proc. Asiatic Soc. Bengal n.s. 15: CLII-CLXVI

KASHYAP SR, 1929 - Liverworts of the Western Himalayas and the Panjab Plain. 1. Lahore: The

University of Panjab.

KASHYAP S.R., 1932 - Liverworts of the Western Himalayas and the Panjab Plain. 1, Suppl. Lahore:

The University of Panjab.

MEHRA P. N., 1957a - A new suggestion on the origin of thallus in the Marchantiales, I. The thallus

structure. Amer. J. Bot, 44: 505-513.

MEHRA P. N., 1957b - A new suggestion on the origin of thallus in the Marchantiales. II. The theory.

Amer. J. Bot. 44: 573-581.

Source : MNHN, Paris

no H. BISCHLER et al.

MEHRA P. N., 1969 - Evolutionary trends in Hepaticae with particular reference to the Marchantiales,

Phytomorphology 19: 203-218.

MULLER K., 1939-1940 - Lebermoose. In: Rabenhorst L. (ed.) Kryptogamen-Flora, ed. 2, 6, Ergän-

zungsband. Leipzig: Akad. Verlagsb.

MULLER K., 1951-1956 - Die Lebermoose Europas. In: Rabenhorst L. (ed.), Kryptogamenflora, ed. 3, 6.

Leipzig: Geest & Portig.

PANDE S.K., 1936 - Studies in Indian liverworts. A review. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 15: 221-233.

PANT GB., TEWARI S.D & JOSHI S., 1992 - An Assessment of Vanishing Rare Bryophytes in Ku-

maun Himalaya. Thalloid Liverworts. Bryological Times 68/69: 8-10.

PROSKAUER J., 1961 - On Carrpos 1. Phytomorphology 11: 359-378.

SCHUSTER R.M., 1966 - The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America, 1. New York: Columbia

Univ, Press.

SCHUSTER R.M., 1979 - The phytogeography of the Hepaticae. In: G.C.S. Clarke & J.G. Duckett (ed.),

Bryophyte Systematics, System, Assoc. Spec. Vol. 14: 41-62.

SCHUSTER RM, 1984 - Evolution, phylogeny and classification of the Hepaticae. In: Schuster RM.

(ed), New Manual of Bryology 2: 892-1070. Nichinan: Hattori Bot. Lab.

SCHUSTER R.M., 1992 - The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America, 5, 6. Chicago: Field Mus.

Nat. Hist.

UDAR R. & SRIVASTAVA S.C., 1984 - Reproductive biology of some Indian liverworts. Phytomorpho-

logy 33: 37-46.

Source : MNHN. Paris

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol. 1994, 15 (2): 111-115 11

SPHAGNUM COSTAE, A NEW BRAZILIAN SPECIES

RELATED TO S. MOLLE SULL.

Howard CRUM* and Denise PINHEIRO DA COSTA**

* Herbarium, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, U. S. A., 48109-1057

** Jardim Botánico, 22460 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

ABSTRACT - Sphagnum costae and two varieties, var. confertorameum and var. seriatum, are

described as new from Brazil. Like S. molle Sull., they have branch leaves denticulate-bordered by a

resorption furrow but also have both stem leaves with a resorption furrow, green cells of branch

leaves equally exposed, and hyaline cells bulging on both surfaces.

Sphagnum molle Sull. is remarkable in the context of the section Acutifolia

because of a resorption furrow bordering the branch leaves. The species occupies a

broad range at north-temperate latitudes around the world and has been reported from

Bolivia (Maass 1967) as var. cochabambae Maass, nom. nud. We have been unable to

confirm that report (as the material has long been out on loan from Herbarium

Haussknecht, Jena). However, we have seen three Brazilian specimens from the state of

Rio de Janeiro that have both stem and branch leaves denticulate-bordered by

resorption furrows and further differ from S. molle in having stem leaves fibrillose and

porose and branch leaves with green cells more or less equally exposed and hyaline

cells convex on both surfaces. These specimens differ from one another in appearance

and structural detail but are obviously interrelated and therefore seem better recognized

as varieties of the same species, especially since they are derived from the same general

locality and further collections may show a closer intergradation. Although members of

the Acutifolia generally have branch leaves with green cells exposed more broadly on

the inner surface, the equal exposure in S. costae is not unlike that in S. meridense

(Hampe) C. Müll.

The plants bear some resemblance to Sphagnum cuculliforme Crum of Ecuador

(Crum 1987). That species was originally placed in a new section Cuculliformes , but it

is quite similar to S. sanguinale Warnst. and S. ornatum Crum and therefore seems

more suitably removed to the section Sphagnum, as something of an anomaly. It also

has both stem and branch leaves bordered by resorption furrows, but among other

differences, it has branch leaves with central and entirely included green cells.

Sphagnum (sect. Acutifolia) costae sp. nov. var. costae (Figure la-e)

Plantae graciles, pallido-virides. Hyalodermis caulina stratis duobus,

parietibus exterioribus cellularum superficialium apice foramine uno instructis;

Source : MNHN, Paris

112 H. CRUM and D. PINHEIRO DA COSTA

cylindrus lignosus fuscus. Folia caulina + similis illis ramorum. Rami 2-4-fasciculatae,

non conferti. Folia ramulina concava, anguste ovata, marginibus dentatis, sulco

resorptio instructis; cellulae hyalinae utroque superficie convexae, dorso foliorum

poris ternis angulis cellularum, minutis, rotundatis, interiore superficie poris nullis;

cellulae chlorophylliferae sectione transversali oblongae, utroque latere foliorum

liberae.

Plants small and slender, pale green. Stems brownish; cortical cells in 2 layers,

the outer cells elongate, porose at upper ends; wood cylinder brown. Stem leaves 1.6-2

mm long, concave, oblong-ovate to oblong-obovate, bordered by a resorption furrow;

hyaline cells fibrillose in the upper 1/3 - 2/3, on the outer surface with tiny, round,

ringed pores, mostly restricted to groups of 3 at adjacent corners, on the inner surface

without pores. Branches 2-4-fascicled (1-2 spreading, 1-2 pendent), rather well-spaced.

Branch leaves 1.3-1.6 mm long, concave, narrowly oblong-ovate, denticulate-bordered

by a resorption furrow; hyaline cells on the outer surface with tiny, round, ringed pores

throughout the leaf, mostly restricted to 3's at adjoining angles, on the inner surface

with pores none or very few; green cells in transverse section oblong, exposed on both

surfaces by thickened end walls, the hyaline cells bulging on both surfaces.

BRAZIL - Rio de Janeiro, mun. Nova Friburgo, Morro do Curuzu, no solo da

mata protegido pela vegetação herbácea, umbrofilo e úmido, alt. + 1300 m, D. Pinheiro

da Costa et al. 290, July 15, 1987 (MICH, holotype; RB, isotype).

S. costae var. confertorameum var. nov. (Figure 1f-j)

Plantae parvae, compactae, fuscae. Hyalodermis caulina stratis duobus,

parietibus exterioribus. cellularum superficialium apice foramine uno instructis;

cylindrus lignosus fuscus. Folia caulina + similia illis ramorum. Rami 1-2-fasciculati,

non pendentes, conferta. Folia ramulina concava, late ovata, marginibus sulco

resorptio instructis; cellulae hyalinae utroque superficie convexae, dorso foliorum

poris ternis angulis cellularum conjunctis, aut magnis aut apice parvis, ellipticis,

interiore nullis; cellulae chlorophylliferae sectione transversali oblongae, utroque

latere foliorum liberae.

Plants small but rather stout, compact, brown. Cortical cells of stem in 2 layers,

the outer cells elongate, porose at the upper ends; wood cylinder brown. Stem leaves

similar to branch leaves but larger, 2 mm long, concave, oblong to obovate, bordered

by a resorption furrow; hyaline cells fibrillose throughout, on the outer surface with

rather large, elliptic pores, mostly in 3's at adjoining cell angles, or in some leaves with

much smaller, elliptic pores toward the apex, on the inner surface without pores.

Branches single or 2-fasciculate, both spreading, crowded. Branch leaves 1.4-1.7 mm

long, concave, broadly ovate, on the outer surface with rather large, elliptic, ringed

pores, especially in groups of 2 or 3 at adjoining corners (but often small and elliptic in

the upper portion of some leaves), on the inner surface without pores; green cells

oblong or oblong-trapezoidal, equally exposed on both surfaces (or slightly more

broadly exposed on the inner surface) because of thickened cell ends, the hyaline cells

bulging on both surfaces though somewhat more strongly so on the outer.

Source : MNHN, Paris

SPHAGNUM COSTAE NEW FROM BRAZIL 113

Fig. la-e. - Sphagnum costae var. costae. a. Branch leaves. b. Portion of branch leaf in section. c.

Upper cells of branch leaf, outer surface. d. Upper cells of branch leaf, inner surface. e. Stem leaves.

£j. - Var. confertorameum. f. Branch leaves. g, h. Upper cells of branch leaf, outer surface, i. Upper

cells of branch leaf, inner surface. j. Stem leaves. (Scale: 1 mm at two magnifications for leaves and

cellular detail).

BRAZIL - Rio de Janeiro, mun. Friburgo, Morro do Curuzu, no solo da mata

protegido pela vegetação herbácea, umbrofilo e úmido, + 1450 m, D. P. Costa et al.

301, July 15, 1987 (MICH, holotype; RB, isotype).

The varietal name is given in reference to crowded branches.

Source : MNHN. Paris

114 H. CRUM and D. PINHEIRO DA COSTA

S. costae var. seriatum var. nov. (Fig. 2)

Plantae nonnihil robustae, pallido-fuscae. Hyalodermis caulina superficiale

exteriore rare porosa, stratis 2-3; cylindrus lignosus rubro-fuscus. Folia caulina 1.8-2

mm longa, oblongo-lingulata, concavo-acuta, sulco resorptio limbata; cellulae

hyalinae superficie exteriore poris aliquantulum magnis, ellipticis, non annulatis, ternis

angulis dispositis instructae, superficie interiore pseudoporis paucis. Rami 3(-4)-

fasciculati. Folia ramulina siccitate saepe quinquefaria, 1.4-1.8 mm longa, anguste

ovata-acuminata, sulco resorptio limbata; cellulae hyalinae superficie exteriore poris

+ parva rotundis, annulatis, ternis angulis cellularum dispositis instructae, interiore

pseudoporis nullis vel paucis; cellulae chlorophylliferae orciformes, utroque latere

foliorum liberae.

Plants moderately robust, pale brown. Cortical cells of stems rarely porose at

the upper ends, 2-3-layered; wood cylinder red-brown. Stem leaves 1.8-2 mm long,

oblong-lingulate, concave-acute, bordered by a resorption furrow, fibrillose in the upper

half, on the outer surface with moderate-sized, unringed, elliptic pores in groups of 3 at

adjacent angles, on the inner surface with occasional pseudopores. Branches in fascicles

of 3(-4), with 1-2 of them pendent. Branch leaves often 5-ranked when dry, 1.4-1.8 mm.

long, narrowly ovate-acuminate, bordered by a resorption furrow, on the outer surface

with small, round, ringed pores in groups of 3 at adjacent angles, on the inner surface

with pores none or rarely very few; green cells in section barrel-shaped, equally

exposed, the hyaline cells bulging on both surfaces

BRAZIL - Rio de Janeiro, mun. Nova Friburgo, Macaé de Cima, sobre barranco

argiloso a beira da estrada, recobrindo grande extensão deste, exposta e úmida, 1040 m,

D. P. Pinheiro da Costa et al. 602, May 3, 1988 (MICH, holotype; RB, isotype).

The outstanding features of the species and its varieties include the resorbed

margins of both stem and branch leaves and pores on the outer surface of branch leaves

set in threes, The typical variety is small and slender with well-spaced fascicles of 2-4

branches, narrow branch leaves, and hyaline cells with small, round pores grouped at

adjacent angles on the outer surface of both stem and branch leaves. The var. seriatum

is rather tall and slender, with 3-4-fasciculate branches and relatively narrow branch

leaves that are clearly 5-ranked, at least when dry; it has moderately large, elliptic

pores on the outer surface of stem leaves and rather small, elliptic pores on the outer

surface of branch leaves. (The var. seriatum is so named because its branch leaves are

arranged in rows.) These two varieties have the aspect of section Acutifolia. The var.

confertorameum, on the other hand, has the appearance of section Sphagnum. The

plants are small and relatively stout, with crowded fascicles of only 1-2 branches,

relatively broad branch leaves, and rather large, elliptic pores on the outer surface of

stem and branch leaves, except sometimes toward the leaf tips. Triple pores on the

outer surface of branch leaves in all three expressions of the species suggests a

relationship to section Sphagnum, yet the fact that cortical cells are efibrillose, the

branch axes have some retort cells, and branch leaves are smooth at back of the tip

confirms their placement in section Acutifolia.

Source : MNHN, Paris

SPHAGNUM COSTAE NEW FROM BRAZIL 115

Fig. 2. - Sphagnum costae var. seriatum. a. Branch leaves. b. Portion of branch leaf in section. c.

Upper cells of branch leaf, outer surface. d. Upper cells of branch leaf, inner surface. e. Stem leaves.

f. Upper cells of stem leaf, outer surface, g. Upper cells of stem leaf, inner surface. (Scale: 1 mm at

two magnifications, for leaves and for cellular detail).

LITERATURE CITED

CRUM H., 1987 - A new section and species of Sphagnum from Ecuador. Contr. Univ. Mich. Herb.

16: 141-143.

MAASS W. S. G., 1966 - Untersuchungen über die Taxonomie und Verbreitung von Sphagnum VI.

Sphagnum pylaesii Brid. und das boreo-atlantische Florenelement unter den Torfmoosen in

Südamerika. Nova Hedwigia 12: 81-105. Pls. 15-19.

Source : MNHN. Paris

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol. 1994, 15 (2): 117-127 17

FORM-FUNCTIONAL TRENDS

IN SPANISH UMBILICARIACEAE

WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO WATER RELATIONS

Fernando VALLADARES

Centro de Ciencias Medioambientales. C.S.I.C.Serrano 115 dpdo.

28006 Madrid. Spain.

ABSTRACT.- An attempt is made to interpret form-functional relationships in 20 Spanish

Umbilicariaceae taxa based on results obtained during the last four years dealing with their anatomy,

morphology and ultrastructure. Two principal form-functional trends were observed on water

relations, depending on the physical state of water available: 1) a little-porous upper surface

combined with rhizinomorphs when uptake is as liquid water or 2) a highly hygroscopic upper

surface with no rhizinomorphs on the lower surface when the water uptake is as vapour. The

medullary structure determined thallus porosity and influenced water storage capacity. The lichens

studied were clearly differentiated by their ultrastructural features (relative quantities of the main

intracellular organelles and structures), but interpretation of these patterns was unclear. A tentative

association is made between amount of pyrenoid and lichen habitat. Umbilicaria cinereorufescens

was an illustrative example of the interrelationship between structure and function, as many of its

structural peculiarities explained its ecophysiological behaviour.

Key words: Umbilicariaceae, anatomy, ultrastructure, water relations, structure and function.

INTRODUCTION

Lichens grow when there is positive net assimilation, a physiological process

that responds to certain species-specific environmental conditions. Despite a relatively

simple structural organization of the lichen thallus, the rather complex lichen

physiology makes the search of the linkages between structure and function very

difficult. Why are some conditions of moisture, temperature and light optimum for

some lichens but not for others, even within a well-defined taxonomic group exhibiting

the same growth form, as the case of Umbilicariaceae?

Several studies dealing with Umbilicariaceae have reported clear correlations

between thallus morphology and anatomy with water relations (Harrison, Walton &

Rothery 1986, Larson 1981, Sancho & Kappen 1989) and also with CO, exchange

(Harrison, Walton & Rothery 1989, Sancho & Kappen 1989). However, the possibility

Source : MNHN, Paris

118 F. VALLADARES

that the fine structure of symbiont cells influences their physiology remains unproven

(Ascaso & Valladares 1991, Valladares & Ascaso 1992) despite the existance of an

important number of ultrastructural studies of Umbilicariaceae (Ascaso & Galvan 1976,

Peveling 1977, Scott & Larson 1984, 1986, Ascaso, Brown & Rapsch 1985, 1986,

Eversman & Sigal 1987).

The aim of this paper is to interpret some of the most remarkable results

concerning the anatomy, fine structure and hydric perfomances of 20 Umbilicariaceae

taxa obtained since 1988, stressing those that could be correlated to the ecophysiology

of each taxon. These results were obtained through a wide range of techniques: light,

scanning and transmission electron microscopy, stereology, mercury intrusion

porosimetry, measurements of thalli water relations and chlorophyll content. Our data

are contrasted with previous studies and discussed together with those concerning CO,

exchange and water relations obtained by other authors (Larson 1979, 1981, Harrison et

al. 1986, 1989, Sancho & Kappen 1989).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Thalli of 20 taxa belonging to the Umbilicariaceae were collected in dry

conditions in Spanish Sistema Central, in the provinces of Madrid and Avila, between

1988 and 1992. The taxa studied were Lasallia hispanica (Frey) Sancho & Crespo, L.

pustulata (L.) Mérat, Umbilicaria cinereorufescens (Schaer.) Frey, U. crustulosa (Ach.)

Frey, U. cylindrica (L.) Del. ex Duby, U. decussata (Vill) Zahlbr., U. deusta (L.)

Baumg, U. freyi Codogno, Poelt & Puntillo, U. grisea Hoffm., U. havaasii Llano, U.

hirsuta (Sw. ex Westr.) Hoffm., U. leiocarpa DC. in Lam. & DC., U. nylanderiana

(Zahlbr.) H. Magn., U. spodochroa (Hoffm.) DC. in Lam. & DC., U. spodochroa var.

carpetana prov. (undescribed variety given this provisional name by Sancho 1986), U.

polyphylla (L.) Baumg., U. polyrrhiza (L.) Fr., U. ruebeliana (DR. et Frey) Frey, U.

subglabra (Nyl.) Harm., U. vellea (L.) Ach. Voucher specimens are in MAF herbarium.

The morphology, anatomy and upper cortex characteristics of at least five thalli

of all taxa were studied with light and scanning electron microscopy. The upper surface

hygroscopicity was estimated by the number and depth of fissures and discontinuities

13 of these taxa (Table 1) were analyzed by mercury intrusion porosimetry to obtain

thallus porosity data (Valladares, Wierzchos & Ascaso 1993). 12 taxa (Tables 1 and 2)

were selected for water relations and ultrastructural studies. The water relations

investigated were the Maximum Water Content (M.W.C.), expressed as percentage of

dry weight, and the Water Retention Time (W.R.T.), that is, the time elapsed till thalli

reached 20% of M.W.C. Thalli were fully saturated and shaken to remove adherent

water. Water loss of the lichens was measured gravimetrically every 4 minutes, with

five thalli of each taxa, in a growth chamber at 10ºC, 75% of relative humidity and 160

pmol photons m? s PAR. The ultrastructural study and the quantifications of cellular

structures of both symbionts were carried out as in Valladares & Ascaso (1992).

Source : MNHN, Paris

ANATOMY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF UMBILICARIACEAE

119

TABLE 1. Maximum water content (M.W.C., expressed as % of dry weight), water retention time to

20% of M.W.C. (W.R.T. 20% in min.) total thallus porosity (96), upper surface hygroscopicity

(U.S.Hygr., H high, M medium, L low), structure of the medulla (according to Sancho 1986, Sancho

& Kappen 1989, S scleroplectenchymatic, P plectenchymatic, A arachnoidal) and morphological

characteristics as presence of rhizinomorphs (R), large isidia or esquizidia (1), cilia (C) and pustules

(P) of the Umbilicariaceae taxa studied. Blanks indicate variables not measured in correspondent

taxa.

U. cinereoru. 167 400 10.1 M s R

U. cylindrica 202 158 20.5 M AandP e

U. havaasii 225 122 231 H P

U. grisea 234 139 184 L A

U. freyi 241 157 18.7 L A 1

L. hispanica 241 255 339 H AandP P

U. spodochroa 263 188 167 L P R

U. polyrrhiza 273 245 L P R

U. s. carpetana 285 191 18.5 M A R

U. polyphylla 295 146 26.8 ju P

U. crustulosa 302 200 270 L P R

L. pustulata 345 223 319 H AandP | Pandi

U. leiocarpa 241 H P

U. ruebeliana M s

U. subglabra H P

U. decussata H AandP

U. deusta L P 1

U. vellea 187 sE A R

U. nylanderiana À P

U. hirsuta L P R

TABLE 2. Chloroplast volume occupied by the pyrenoid (in %) within the photobiont of 12

Umbilicariaceae taxa and type of habitat where each taxa is found. Data are the average of five thalli.

The three types of habitat distinguished (according to Sancho 1986 and Sancho pers. com.) are: A

sheltered localities with frequent runoffs, C very exposed localities with little water available from

the substrate, and B an intermediate situation.

Pyrenoid (% of

Lichen taxa | chloroplast volume Habitat

U. spodochroa

var. carpetana 81 A

U. hirsuta. 88 A

U. vellea 94 A

U. spodochroa 98 A

L. pustulata 99 A

U. freyi 11.1 B

U. polyrrhiza 113 B

U. cylindrica 122 B

L. hispanica 125 B

U. polyphylla 131 B

U. cinereorufescens 156 c

U. grisea 159 c

Source : MNHN, Paris

120 F. VALLADARES

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Anatomy versus morphology in the control of water relations

In lichenology, the most widely studied relationship between structure and

function has been that of the structural control of the water relations of the thallus, a

very crucial aspect due to the close dependence of net photosynthesis on the moisture

content in these poikilohydric organisms (Lange 1980). Lichens have been thought

unable to control the physical processes of water relations (Blum 1973, Harris 1976),

but there is increasing evidence of the importance of morphology and anatomy in

controlling the rates of water uptake and loss in lichens (Rundel 1988). According to

Rundel (1982), lichens of any type of organization or growth form will come into

equilibrium with the relative humidity of the air, whereas in the short-term response,

the thallus structure has a very strong influence on its water relations. But, one of the

questions to be considered is whether the inner anatomical structure or the external

morphology is the responsible for the different short-term rates of water loss and

uptake,

Some studies dealing with lichens of a wide range of growth forms point to a

central role of morphology (Larson 1979, Rundel 1982). Fruticose growth forms and

morphological structures such as rhizinomorphs and even isidia or soredia seem to

improve water uptake. In other studies has been shown that the hyphal network is very

important for the water relations of lichens and the differences in anatomical structure

affect water economy (Sancho & Kappen 1989, Palmer & Friedmann 1990). Jahns

(1984) reported a close connection between the thallus anatomy and the water storage

capacity of lichens, pointing to thallus thickening as a succesful way for water storage

(in agreement with Snelgar and Green, 1981). When the maximum water contents of

lichens in the family Umbilicariaceae are considered together with their morphological

and anatomical features no clear connections can be found (Table 1). The presence or

absence of rhizinomorphs alone, for example, does not correlate with the amount of

water the thallus holds when hydrated. And the same occurs with some structural

parameters, such as the type of medulla or the upper surface hygroscopicity. Some

conclusions can be obtained, however, by lumping variables together. The coralloid and

extremely branched isidia together with the more developed and abundant pustules of

Lasallia pustulata could explain its large water storage capacity in comparison with the

other species studied of the genus, L. hispanica, which has a very similar anatomy

(Valladares, Ascaso & Sancho 1993). The significantly larger maximum water content

of the provisional variety "carpetana" of Umbilicaria spodochroa, can be explained by

the combined effect of a different medullar structure (arachnoidal versus

prosoplectenchymatic) and a thicker thallus.

The medulla represents, on average, more than half of the total thallus thickness

in the 20 Umbilicariaceae studied. The medulla lends structural support to the thallus

and, due to its volumetric importance within the thallus of this family, has an important

influence on the final water storage capacity and gas exchange of the thallus. Despite

the relative similarity of the medulla of five Umbilicaria found by Scott and Larson

(1984), this layer exhibits a wide range of structural variation, especially in the

orientation and degree of packing of the hyphae (Sancho 1986, Sancho & Kappen

Source : MNHN, Paris

ANATOMY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF UMBILICARIACEAE 121

Figs. 1-6. Scanning electron micrographs. Transversal sections of the medulla of Umbilicaria

cinereorufescens (Fig. 1) and Lasallia hispanica (Fig. 2), bar=10um. Upper surface of the thallus of

U. decussata (Figs. 3, bar=100um, and 4, bar=10um) and of U. spodochroa (Figs. 5, bar=50um, and

6, bar=1Oum).

Source : MNHN, Paris

122 F. VALLADARES

1989). We have obtained a significant correlation between the medullary structure and

the total thallus porosity (Valladares, Wierzchos & Ascaso 1993). The dense

scleroplectenchymatic medulla of U. cinereorufescens (Fig. 1) seems to be responsible

of the extremely low porosity (1096, Table 1) of the thalli of this species, whereas the

loosely arachnoidal zone of the medulla of Lasallia pustulata (Fig. 2) results in greater

porosity (32%). In these two lichens, the density of the medulla is inversely related to

thallus maximum water content but directly related to its water holding capacity

(retention time). Nevertheless, the idea that the more porous the lichen the larger the

amount of water it can store needs to be reconsidered in light of the great importance of

pore-size distribution to the water storage capacity of the thallus. We have found that

the amount of water held by a lichen is not so much if the total porosity is due to pores

of large size (Valladares, Wierzchos & Ascaso 1993). Macropores may have a more

important role in gas exchange. In my opinion, in the study of the influence of thallus

structure to its water relations the anatomy is of especial importance when comparisons

are made among lichens of similar growth form.

In the lichens of the family Umbilicariaceae, those possessing rhizinomorphs

and pustules were able to hold water for a significantly longer period of time (Table 1),

and this agrees with what has been already reported (Sancho & Kappen 1989). U.

cinereorufescens, a species possessing rhizinomorphs, holds water for a very long time

despite the fact that it is one of the Umbilicariaceae species with least water storage

capacity. Since the structural adaptations of thalli which increase rates of water uptake

also produce high rates of evaporative loss (Rundel 1982), water loss is an indirect

indication of the water uptake strategy. Larson (1981) observed a higher rate of water

uptake by Umbilicaria with rhizinomorphs and attributed this to an increase in the

surface-to-weight ratio of the thallus. Therefore, is it not a contradiction to consider the

rhizinomorphs able to decrease the water evaporation rate on the one hand (our results

and those of Sancho & Kappen 1989) and, on the other hand, responsible for an

increase in the rate of water uptake by increasing the total thallus surface (Larson's

results)? In the case of U. cinereorufescens, the question can be solved by considering

its dense medulla, as mentioned above, but in the case of the other species more than

these factors seem to be involved.

In an attempt to find additional explanations, the upper surfaces of the thalli

were studied by SEM. Some species, such as U. decussata (Figs. 3 and 4) had an

areolated upper surface and many fissures and discontinuities whereas others, such as

U. spodochroa (Figs. 5 and 6), had a smooth, dense, continuous upper surface. Ranking

the species by the apparent hygroscopicity of their upper surface and considering the

presence of rhizinomorphs on their lower surface produced an adaptative explanation

taking into account the physical state of water available. A sketch of this hypothesis is

shown in Fig. 7. When the form of the water usually taken up by lichens is liquid

(chiefly runoff) there is selective pressure to reduce water loss (according to Rundel,

1982). To this end, a continuous and relatively waterproof upper surface in combination

with a lower surface provided with rhizinomorphs, very efficient in uptaking liquid

water, is adaptative. Examples of this strategy are U. spodochroa, U. vellea, U.

crustulosa and U. polyrrhiza. On the contrary, when the water uptake is through water

vapour there is selective pressure to optimize moisture capture. Subsequently, a rugose

and hygroscopic upper surface is adaptative in these conditions, whereas structures of

Source : MNHN, Paris

ANATOMY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF UMBILICARIACEAE 123

PEIUS.

\ WATER RE

LITTLE- VAPOUR HIGHLY

POROUS HYGROS-

UPPER COPIC

SURFACE UPPER

- SURFACE

RHIZINO- \ ee

MORPHS LOWER NO RHIZI-

t SURFACE NOMORPHS

Examples Examples

U. spodochroa Lasallia spp

U. vellea ~ U. lelocarpa

V. crustulosa LIQUID NL U. decussate

U. polyrrhiza WATER U. havaasil |

re DRE | + Em |

Fig. 7. Sketch of two main water strategies observed within the family Umbilicariaceae.

the lower surface like rhizinomorphs will have no role. Furthermore, these

aerohygrophytic lichens are almost as pale with a relatively high water content (ca.

100% dry weight) as they are in the dry state, possibly to avoid the increase in

temperature due to radiation as in dark-coloured hydrated thalli (Kershaw 1975), an

idea expounded in full elsewhere (Sancho, Valladares & Ascaso 1993). The genus

Lasallia and U. leiocarpa, U. decussata and U. havaasii are good representatives of the

last adaptative solution. However, some species constitute exceptions to these two main

form-functional strategies, for example U. polyphylla and U. nylanderiana, which are

aerohygrophytic lichens that exhibit a little-porous upper surface. They could represent

a different anatomical solution to the same adaptational problem or the microclimatic

conditions of their habitats could be significantly different, something that should be

considered in further studies.

Comparative ultrastructure

The comparative ultrastructural study of 12 Umbilicariaceae taxa carried out

with the help of stereology, as a useful tool for quantification, reached two main

conclusions: lichen taxa are distinguishable by their ultrastructural features, but the

particularities of each fine structure are very difficult to interpret. The mitochondria of

both partners, the chloroplasts of the photobiont and the vacuolar apparatus of the

mycobiont are closely related to the physiology of the lichen (as discussed in

Valladares & Ascaso 1992), while the proteinaceous bodies of the photobiont or the

concentric bodies of the mycobiont have still not received a satisfactory interpretation.

According to our observations, the storage bodies of both symbionts, in addition to

their nutritional role, are very sensitive to the "previous history" of the lichen, for

example the water regime prior to observation. Only in certain aspects could

quantitative ultrastructural characteristics be related to ecophysiological features or

Source : MNHN, Paris

124

F. VALLADARES

Source : MNHN, Paris

ANATOMY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF UMBILICARIACEAE 125

habitat requirements (Scott & Larson 1986, Ascaso & Valladares 1991, Valladares &

Ascaso 1992). Of all the studied taxa, the photobiont belonged at least to the same

group ('impressa", Friedl 1989) of Trebouxia species, but the presence of more than

one species of Trebouxia in the studied material cannot be ruled out. Once again, the

example of U. cinereorufescens is very illustrative. Its algae have the largest amount of

lipidic storage bodies (ca. 10% of the protoplasm volume, Fig. 8). Their chloroplast

only represented 6446 of the protoplasm volume, when the normal values for the other

lichens of the family were almost 80% (see the diference comparing with U. vellea,

Fig. 9). When we made the chlorophyll extraction (with DMSO as in Barnes et al.

1992), we obtained a rather surprising result: the algae of U. cínereorufescens had the

largest chlorophyll concentration. Consequently, the amount of chloroplast was not

related to the amount of chlorophyll per volume of algal cell. Finally, when the total

volume of algae within the thallus was estimated, a low value was obtained and the

high chlorophyll concentration inside the algal cells could not compensate for the

scarcity of algal cells. A low chlorophyll content per dry weight of thallus, together

with a low photobiont cell density were more logical results for a species like this

exhibiting a very low net photosynthetic rate (Sancho & Kappen 1989).

Recent cytochemical and inmunocytochemical studies of green algae have

posed the question of the pyrenoid as a metabolic compartment dealing with efficient

CO, fixation (Kuchitsu, Tsuzuki & Miyachi 1988, 1991). Why Rubisco is localized to

the pyrenoid is not clear but the pyrenoid could represent an evolutionary intermediate

between cyanobacterial carboxysomes (components of the inorganic carbon

concentrating mechanism) and the condition in which Rubisco is distributed throughout

the chloroplast stroma (McKay & Gibbs 1991), Kuchitsu, Tsuzuki & Miyachi (1991)

have observed an increased in pyrenoid size with low CO, concentrations, In the 12

Umbilicariaceae taxa on which the photobiont ultrastructure has been quantitatively

studied, a general tendency on the pyrenoid volume associated with each taxa habitat

was obtained (Table 2). Lichens growing on runoffs (e.g. U. vellea Fig. 9, U.

spodochroa) and sheltered places that have only sporadic water restrictions possessed a

photobiont with a pyrenoid representing 8-10% of the chloroplast volume. On the

contrary, species as U. grisea and U. cinereorufescens (Fig. 8) that inhabit exposed

localities with water availability during short periods of time, exhibited photobionts

with a large pyrenoid occupying almost 16% of the chloroplast volume. The

intermediate values for this parameter were obtained with lichens growing on

intermediate localities. In the exposed localities lichens are wet during very short

periods of time and, therefore, an increase in photosynthesis efficiency would be very

adaptative. These results could support the hypothesis mentioned above of the pyrenoid

as an organelle enhancing the CO, fixation in environments where this process is

limiting.

Figs. 8 and 9. Transmission electron micrographs of the photobiont of Umbilicaria cinereorufescens

(Fig. 8) and U. vellea (Fig. 9). Bar-lum.

Source : MNHN, Paris

126 F. VALLADARES

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.- The kind guidance of my research by Carmen Ascaso and Leopoldo G.

Sancho is gratefully acknowledged. I appreciate very much the valuable criticisms and suggestions

made by Esteban Manrique and Luis Balaguer and the skillful help in the English manuscript given

by Ross D. Johnston. Thanks to an anonymous reader for his acute queries. Financial support was

provided by Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Tecnica (PB 87/0229).

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ANATOMY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF UMBILICARIACEAE 127

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Source : MNHN, Paris

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol. 1994, 15 (2): 129-134 129

DISTRIBUTIONAL PATTERN OF PHAEOCEROS PROSK.

IN KUMAON AND GARHWAL REGION:

WESTERN HIMALAYAS!

A.K. ASTHANA and VIRENDRA NATH

Bryology Laboratory, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001 India.

ABSTRACT - Among the class Anthocerotae, all five Indian taxa of the genus Phaeoceros Prosk.,

ie. Phaeoceros laevis (L.) Prosk. subsp. laevis Prosk., P. laevis subsp. carolinianus (Michx.) Prosk.,

P. himalayensis (Kash.) Prosk. ex Bapna et Vyas, P. kashyapii Asthana et Srivastava and P. udarii

Asthana et Nath occur in the humid subtropical moist deciduous forests of Garhwal and Kumaon

hills of Uttar Pradesh (Western Himalayas). The genus is represented by its maximum number of

taxa (four) at Mussoorie in the Garhwal hills and by three taxa at Chaubatia and Kilbury in the

Kumaon hills. Phaeoceros kashyapii has been found restricted to slightly higher altitudes than the

other species and subspecies. P. laevis subsp. laevis, subsp. carolinianus and P. himalayensis are

widely distributed

INTRODUCTION

The genus Phaeoceros was instituted by Proskauer (1951) to include all the

yellow-spored species earlier described under the genera Anthoceros (Micheli) L. and

Aspiromitus St. Subsequently he (1954) bisected Phaeoceros laevis (L.) Prosk. into two

subspecies, i.e. subsp. laevis Prosk. (dioecious) and subsp. carolinianus (Michx.) Prosk.

(monoecious) on the basis of sexuality. He (1967) transferred Anthoceros himalayensis

Kash. (Kashyap 1914) into the genus Phaeoceros, but Bapna & Vyas (1962) had

already transferred it into this genus. Recently Asthana & Srivastava (1991) described

Phaeoceros kashyapii Asthana et Srivastava from Deoban (Western Himalayas).

During the investigation of a recent plant collection of the Western Himalayas

(Mussoorie), Asthana & Nath (1993) instituted Phaeoceros udarii Asthana et Nath.

Thus, the genus Phaeoceros is represented in the Indian subcontinent by 5 taxa (4

species, of which one is represented by two subspecies). P. laevis subsp. laevis and

subsp. carolinianus are distributed in Western Himalayas, Eastern Himalayas and South

India. The latter subspecies occurs also in Central India. P. himalayensis is restricted to

Western and Eastern Himalayas. P. kashyapii and P. udarii are endemic to Western

Himalayas. Among the four major bryogeographical regions of India, Western

Himalayas (Kumaon and Garhwal region) hosts all the five taxa of the genus. Eastern

INBRI. Research Publication No 407 (N.S.).

Source : MNHN, Paris

130 A.K. ASTHANA and VIRENDRA NATH

Himalayas, South India and Central India host 3, 2, 1 taxa of Phaeoceros respectively

(Asthana & Srivastava 1991). The Western Himalaya region has been taken up for the

present study of distributional pattern of the genus Phaeoceros.

Kumaon and Garhwal hills of Western Himalayas generally consist of lime

stone rocks; rock soil deposited over them is rich in minerals like Gypsum, Magnesite,

Dolomite, Phosphorite, Steatite, Graphite, Magnesium, Phosphates, Copper, Iron and

Asbestos, etc. providing suitable habitats for luxuriant growth of Phaeoceros as well as

of other bryophytes.

Phaeoceros laevis subsp. laevis Prosk.,

Rapp. et Comm. VIII. Congr. Intern. Bot., Paris 14-16: 69 (1954)

Dioecious. Male thalli occasionally forming tubers. Involucres cup-shaped to

cylindrical. Antheridia 2-5 per androecial chamber, with a globose body without tiered

jacket cells and with a short stalk. Spores yellowish-green, 33-56 um, with prominent

equatorial crossitudo, proximal face with thick ridged triradiate mark, sporoderm

minutely papillate-granulose. Elaters usually 4-celled, 156-212 um long, yellowish-

brown, thin-walled, short, sometimes stumpy.

Distribution and ecology - Garhwal region: Mussoorie, Chakrata, Pauri and

Gwaldham; Kumaon region: Kilbury (Nainital), Chaubatia (Ranikhet), Binsar

(Almora). Altitude: 1900 m to 2412 m; temperature: 32ºC (max) and 7ºC (min) in

summer, 7*C (max.) and 1°C (min.) in winter; average annual rainfall: up to 2400 mm.

Specimens examined - Pauri: R. Udar 8072/57 (LWU) 1.1.1957 Chakrata: R. Udar, HNV.

de J.P.T. 19/69 1969. Mussoorie: D.K. Sing & J.C.J. 2151/76 (LWU) 27.1.1976. Kilbury (Nainital):

V. Nath & A.K. Asthana 205232 (LWG) 27.9.1991. Chaubatia (Ranikhet): V. Nath & A.K. Asthana

205301 (LWG) 1.10.1991. Binsar (Almora): V. Nath & A.K. Asthana 205348, 205359 (LWG)

4.10.1991. Gwaldham: V. Nath & A.K. Asthana 205432 (LWG) 8.10.1991.

Phaeoceros laevis subsp. carolinianus (Michx.) Prosk.,

Rapp. et Comm. VIII Congr. Intern. Bot., Paris 14-16: 69 (1954)

Monoecious. Thalli compact, usually broad at apex and narrowing towards base.

Antheridia usually 2-5 per androecial chamber, without tiered jacket cells. Spores

yellowish-green, 33-36 pm in diameter, with prominent equatorial crossitudo,

sporoderm minutely papillate-granulose, proximal face with a thin wavy triradiate mark

bordered on both sides by papillae, Elaters thin-walled, 156-257 um long, slender,

usually 4-celled.

Distribution and ecology - Garhwal regions: Mussoorie, Pauri, Jarmula

(Dehradun), Gwaldham; Kumaon region: Dhobhighat (Nainital), Chaubatia, Binsar

Mahadev (Ranikhet), Shobhla (Pithoragarh), Peenath (Kausani), Baijnath and Binsar

(Almora). Altitude: 1900m to 2412 m; temperature: 32°C (max.) and 7°C (min.) in

summer, 7°C (max.) and 1°C (min.) in winter; average annual rainfall: up to 2400 mm.

Specimens examined - S. Chandra 200611 (LWG) 15.10.1964. Kausani: Udar et al.

8060/71 (LWU) 4.5.1971. Mussoorie: D.K. Singh & J.C.J. 2137/76 (LWU) 27.10.1976. Kurli to

Source : MNHN, Paris

DISTRIBUTION OF PHAEOCEROS IN WESTERN HIMALAYAS 131

Camel's back Road (Mussoorie): S. Chandra & V. Nath 203594 (LWG) 2.11.1980; 203614, 203617

(LWG) 3.11.1980. Jarmula (Dehradun); V. Nath 204814 (LWG) 14.6.1989. Shobhla (Pithoragarh): V.

Nath 205059 (LWG) 26.9.1990. Dhobhighat (Nainital): A.K. Asthana & V. Nath 205269 (LWG)

28.10.1991. Chaubatia (Ranikhet): V. Nath & A.K. Asthana 205295, 205301, 205308 (LWG)

1.10.1991. Binsar Mahadev (Ranikhet): V. Nath & A.K. Asthana 205331 (LWG) 2.10.1991. Binsar

(Almora): V. Nath & A.K. Asthana 205348, 205363 (LWG) 4.10.1991. On way to Peenath (Kausani):

V. Nath & A.K. Asthana 205381 (LWG) 6.10.1991. Gwaldham: V. Nath & A.K. Asthana 205421,

205435 (LWG).

Phaeoceros himalayensis (Kash.) Prosk. ex Bapna et Vyas,

J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 25: 88 (1962)

Monoecious. Thalli with frequent tuber forming tendency; usually sterile thalli

form tubers, growing in association with fertile plants. Antheridia 2-8 per androecial

chamber, globose-subglobose antheridial body without tiered jacket cells. Spores pale

to yellowish green, 33-42 um in diameter, sporoderm marked with hump-like

projections, proximal face with a thin, wavy triradiate mark over the triradiate ridge

reaching the periphery, and a prominent rounded depression in each triangular face.

Elaters thin-walled, 123-212 um long, slender, usually 4-celled.

Distribution and ecology - Garhwal region: Mussoorie, Deoban; Kumaon

region: Kilbury (Nainital), Chaubatia (Ranikhet), Binsar (Almora).

Specimens examined - Pauri: R. Udar 8069/57 (LWU) 1.10.1957. Mussoorie: R. Udar

8071/58 (LWU) 12.8.1958. Deoban: D.K. Singh & J.C.J. 2167/76 (LWU) 26.9.1976, Jabarkhet to

Lal Tibba (Mussoorie): S. Chandra & V. Nath 203617 (LWG) 3.11.1980. Lacher (Pithoragarh): V.

Nath 205133 (LWG) 30.9.1990, Nainital: M. Sc. Party 4439/80 (LWU) 1980, Kilbury (Nainital): V.

Nath & A.K. Asthana 205244 (LWG) 27.9.1991. Chaubatia (Ranikhet): V. Nath & A.K. Asthana

205295, 205301 (LWG) 1.10.1991. Binsar (Almora): V. Nath & A.K. Asthana 205359 (LWG)

4.10.1991. Mussoorie: 130294 (UC), clone- a, b, c, d, det.: J, Proskauer.

Phaeoceros kashyapii Asthana et Srivastava,

Bryophyt. Biblioth. 42: 129 (1991)

Monoccious. Pale-yellow spores 36-42 um in diameter, sporoderm with

lamellate markings over the distal face and minute tubercles clustered in the centre of

each triangular face on the proximal face. Elaters thin-walled, 123-190 um long,

slender, complete elaters 4-celled, rarely 5-celled.

Distribution and ecology - Garhwal region: Deoban, Vyas Shikhar (Deoban);

Kumaon region: Kilbury (Nainital), on way to Peenath (Kausani). Altitude: 2194 m to

2865 m; temperature: 26.7°C (max.) and 10°C (min.) in summer, 15.6°C (max.) and

2ºC (min.) in winter; average annual rainfall: 800-2400 mm.

Specimens examined - Deoban: D.K. Singh de J.C.J. 2175/76 (LWU) 29.10.1976. Vyas

Shikhar (Deoban): D.K. Singh & J.C.J. 2193 (LWU) 29.10.1976. Kilbury (Nainital): V. Nath & A.K.

Asthana, 205222, 205223 (LWG) 27.9.1991. On way to Peenath (Kausani): V. Nath & A.K. Asthana

205380 (LWG) 6.10.1991.

Source : MNHN, Paris

132 A.K. ASTHANA and VIRENDRA NATH

Phaeoceros udarii Asthana et Nath,

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. India B 63 (4): in press (1993)

Dioecious. Thallus fan-shaped with a narrowing base. Spores pale-green, 35-40

um in diameter, sporoderm minutely papillate, proximal face with prominent triradiate

mark terminating near equatorial crassitudo. Elaters thin-walled, up to 4-celled, 87.5-

142.5 um long, elateroderm minutely papillate, papillae scattered all over the surface.

Distribution and ecology - Garhwal region: Lal Tibba (Mussoorie). Altitude:

2005 m; temperature: 32°C (max.) and 7°C (min.) in summer, 7° C (max.) and 1°C

(min.) in winter; average annual rainfall: up to 2400 mm.

Specimens examined - Lal Tibba (Mussoorie) S. Chandra & V. Nath 203624 A (LWG)

3.10.1980.

CONCLUSION

It appears that P. himalayensis and P. udarii are moisture loving species. They

grow at Mussoorie (Map I) where annual precipitation is 2330 mm (Dhar er al. 1987),

29004

5 2500

= 23004

= 211000

1900

1 E 3 4 5

Fig. 1 - Altitudinal distribution pattern of Phaeoceros Prosk. in Western Himalayas (Kumaon and

Garhwal). 1. Phaeoceros himalayensis. 2. P. kashyapii. 3. P. laevis subsp. carolinianus. 4. P. laevis

subsp. laevis, 5. P. udarii,

Source : MNHN, Paris

DISTRIBUTION OF PHAEOCEROS IN WESTERN HIMALAYAS 133

ey pr oe

g e Scale

? EM d

Chaire D NN as shi 2 xm

i$ Musscorie 1, 3, 4, 5 ns

Dew Adone Pauri L, 3, 4

/Jarmula 3 * — Gwaldham 3,4 *

/ , Supe i

í E

f 2, 3 Peenath san È dr

( Lo 3, 4 Chaubatia—z Ranikhet, ÅO L Bitnoragarh—shobhla 3

| 3 Binsar Mahadev q Nie i

| 1. 3 Debs Nai — D INDIA

i 1,2, * Kilbury E

}

ines

(ER e M,

e Lucknow -—

3. P. laevis s.sp. carolinianus

laevis s.sp. laevis

5. P. udani

Map. I - Distribution of Phaeoceros Prosk. in Western Himalayas (Kumaon and Garhwal). 1. P.

himalayensis. 2. P. kashyapii, 3. P. laevis subsp. carolinianus, 4. P. laevis subsp. laevis. 5. P. udarii.

but are absent at Chaubatia (Ranikhet) because of less amount of precipitation, i.e. 1290

mm. However, all other climatic and altitudinal conditions are more or less similar at

both places. Presence of P. laevis subsp. laevis and subsp. carolinianus at Mussoorie as

well as at Chaubatia (Ranikhet) indicates that these two subspecies are most adaptive,

their distribution is wide, and they grow at an altitude between 1900 m to 2412 m (Fig.

1). P. kashyapii usually grows at higher altitude (ca. 2194-2865 m) in comparison to

other species, P. himalayensis occurs from 1938 m to 2865 m (Fig. 1) and appeared as

Source : MNHN, Paris

134 A.K. ASTHANA and VIRENDRA NATH

most adaptive to altitudinal variation, and P. udarii, was found at Mussoorie at ca.

2005 m.

Altitude and amount of precipitation seem to play the major role in the

distribution of the taxa of Phaeoceros in Kumaon and Garhwal.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS - Authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. P.V. Sane, Director, National

Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow for providing all necessary facilities, and Council of Scientific

& Industrial Research, New Delhi for providing financial assistance. The authors thankfully

acknowledge the courtesy of Dr. T. Duncan (California, U.S.A.) for kindly sending the authentic

specimens of Phaeoceros.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

ASTHANA A.K. & NATH V., 1993 - A new Phaeoceros from western Himalayas. Proc. Natl. Acad.

Sci. India B 63 (4): (in press).

ASTHANA A.K. & SRIVASTAVA S.C., 1991 - Indian Hornworts (A taxonomic study). Bryophyt.

Biblioth, 42: 1-160.

BAPNA KR. & VYAS G.G., 1962 - Studies in the liverworts of Mount Abu (India) I. A preliminary

account. J, Hattori Bot. Lab. 25: 81-90.

DHAR ON, MANDAL BN. & KULKARNI AK. 1987 - Some facts about precipitation

distribution over the Himalayan region of Uttar Pradesh. In: Y.P.S. Pangtey & S.C. Joshi,

Western Himalaya (Environment Problems & Development). Nainital (U.P.): Gyanodaya

Publication, Vol. I: 72-86

KASHYAP SR. 1914 - Morphological and biological notes on new and little known West

Himalayan liverworts (1). New Phytol. 13: 206-226.

PROSKAUER J., 1951 - Studies on Anthocerotales (III). Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 78 (4): 331-349.

PROSKAUER J., 1954 - A study of the Phaeoceros laevis complex. Rapp. et Comm. VIII. Congr. Int.

Bot. 14-16: 68-69.

PROSKAUER J., 1967 - Studies on Anthocerotales (VII). 13. On day length and Western Himalayan

hornwort flora, and on some problems in cytology. Phytomorphology 17 (1-4): 61-70.

Source : MNHN, Paris

Crypiogamie, Bryol. Lichénol. 1994, 15 (2): 135-151 135

ESTIMATION OF AIR POLLUTION IN THE AREA OF

INFLUENCE OF THE COAL POWER STATION AT LA ROBLA

(LEÓN, NORTHWEST SPAIN) USING EPIPHYTIC LICHENS

AS BIOINDICATORS

Arsenio TERRON ALFONSO") & Eva BARRENO RODRIGUEZ

(1) Departamento de Biología Vegetal. Universidad de León. E-24071 León (España)

(2) Departamento de Biología Vegetal. Universidad de Valencia.

E-46071 Burjasot. Valencia (España)

SUMMARY.- An estimation of air pollution was carried out in the area of influence of a coal power

station at La Robla which has been in operation since 1970 (León, north-west Spain) using epiphytic

lichens on Quercus pyrenaica Willd., Populus nigra L. and Pinus sylvestris L. as indicators. Various

parameters which have allowed the differentiation of 3 isocontaminated areas (LP.A., R.M.G., num-

ber of species, D) have been calculated from the data obtained from 87 sampling stations. A critical

analysis of the behaviour of some lichens affected by air pollution, some aspects of which have an

indicatory value in this region, has also been carried out.

RESUMEN. - Se realiza una estimación de la contaminación atmosférica en el área de influencia de

una central térmica situada en La Robla, en funcionamiento desde 1970 (León, Noroeste de Espafia)

utilizando como indicadores los líquenes epífitos sobre Quercus pyrenaica Willd., Populus nigra L.

y Pinus sylvestris L. Se han calculado diversos parámetros (LP.A., R.M.G., nº de especies, D) con los

datos obtenidos en las 87 estaciones muestreadas, lo que nos ba permitido diferenciar 3 zonas de

isocontaminación. Por otro lado se realiza un comentario crítico del comportamiento de algunos

líquenes frente a la contaminación atmosférica, asignándoles a algunos de ellos un valor predictivo

para este territorio.

INTRODUCTION

The area studied is 456 km? and is in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula

(Maps 1 and 2). It was chosen following sampling prior to this study, in which the dis-

tance over which the coal power station of La Robla has an effect on the epiphytic

lichen flora was investigated, and taking into account the topography of the area and in-

formation from the wind pattern of the region (Fig. 1)

Geologically, most of the area consists of sandstone, clay, Neogene lome and

alluvial deposits of Quaternary age, with Palaeozoic material, abundant in coal, lime-

stone and Carboniferous sandstone in the northern part.

Geomorphologically, the main characteristic of the area is the presence of small

mountains, with heights varying between 1200 m and 1600 m mainly in the northern

Source : MNHN, Paris

136 A. TERRON ALFONSO and E. BARRENO RODRIGUEZ

REN)

Map 1. - Localization of the area studied.

part. In the central and southern parts the relief is less pronounced with small variations

in height between 800 m and 1000 m. Another aspect to be pointed out is the presence

of two valleys which traverse the area, the Bernesga valley running north-south and the

Fenar valley running east-west.

The climate of the area is typically continental, with marked annual and daily

temperature variations with humid to subhumid ombric types. Rainfall is mainly con-

centrated in the autumn and spring, and the prevailing winds are from the west and

north, the latter specially in the summer.

Biogeographically, this area forms part of both the Eurosiberian and Mediterra-

nean phytogeographic regions (Rivas-Martínez 1987, Perez Morales 1987) with cormo-

phytic vegetation dominated by the presence of Pyrenean oak woods belonging to the

Linario triornithophrorae-Querceto pyrenaicae Sigmetum, holm-oak woods of the

Cephalantero longifoliae-Querceto rotundifoliae Sigmetum, intercalated with scrub of

the Cytiso scoparii-Genistetum polygaliphyllae and with moorlands of the Daboecio-

Ericetum aragonensis. The valley floors have poplar and willow groves of the Saliceto

cantabricae Sigmetum (Rivas-Martínez 1987, Rivas-Martínez et al. 1984). In the

south-western parts there are Pinus sylvestris woods.

The main source of pollution in the area is the coal power station at La Robla

and a small cement factory nearby. There is little data on pollutant emissions in the

area, the only figures available being 10 g/m? of SO,, and 8 ug/m? of floating parti-

cles. These values refer to daily data (24 hours) and fall within the levels presently

permitted by Spanish Law. However, with the aim of filling the gap in existing data, we

took samples of combustion ash given off by the coal power station chimney. These

were analysed at the Research Institute of Energy (part of the Industry Ministry), in the

Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of C.LE.M.A.T. (Madrid), using the Hilger Spec-

trograph Litrow type, with quartz prism. The following elements, expressed as percen-

tages, were detected, following the volatilization of some elements using a semiquanti-

tative spectrographic method (Anales de Química 67, 135; 1971).

Source : MNHN, Paris

EPIPHYTIC LICHENS AS BIOINDICATORS

137

Figure 1.- Wind rose

Source : MNHN, Paris

[e b

SEL

Syph, |

Jl 18 79 80 81 82 83 64 85 86 85 8 69 90 9! 921 93 9. 95 96 97 S8 39 00

30TTN

MAP 2.- Areas of Isocontamination

138 A. TERRON ALFONSO and E. BARRENO RODRIGUEZ

Ag«0.002 Mg0.8 Alo Mn 0.08

As<0.15 Mo<0.005 B0.01 Na 0.8

Ba 0.15 Ni 0.01 Be<0.001 P<0.45

Bi<0.005 Pb 0.008 Ca6 Sb<0.05

Co<0.015 Si>20 Cr0.02 Sn<0.003

Cu 0.005 Sr 0.08 Fe8 Ti 0.8

Ga 0.01 TI«0.02 In«0.01 V 0.03

K2 W<0.045 Li 0.08 Zn<0.45

METHODS

As there are different methods for estimating air pollution using epiphytic

lichens as bioindicators, and a lack of emission data, we decided to use the LP.A.

method (Le Blanc & De Sloover 1970), with the correction proposed by Crespo et al.

(1981). The information obtained has a greater value, being based on quantitative rather

than qualitative criteria, and also making use of information provided by other indices,

e. g.: number of species per station, global average coverage (R.M.G. or G.A.C.), flora

richness or diversity (D), flora composition of the station, and so on. The choice of

phorophytes on which to carry out the inventories was made after sampling and map-

ping the most uniform tree species in the area. Finally, we decided to carry out inven-

tories on different tree species (Quercus pyrenaica, Populus nigra and Pinus sylvestris),

each species being sampled separately, as Deruelle & Garcfa-Schaeffer (1983) propo-

sed. With the data obtained from these phorophytes, three maps of isocontaminated

areas and a composite map were prepared, with the aim of including all the information

obtained.

We selected a total of 87 stations in the study area, 52 of them using Quercus

pyrenaica as the phorophyte since it was the most widespread species throughout the

area, 25 with Populus nigra which allowed for a clear delimitation of the isocontamina-

ted areas where it was dominant, such as in the valleys, and 10 with Pinus sylvestris, all

of them concentrated in the south-east and south-west parts of the region. Three stations

in an area without pollution, but with similar environmental conditions to the study

area, were also studied, one for each of the three phorophyte species. The choice of

trees for the inventory was carried out following, where possible, the recommendations

of Le Blanc & De Sloover (1970), with the aim of showing that the only ecological dif-

ference between the trees and, above all, between the different stations, was the air

pollution to which they are subjected. Five trees sampled at heights of 120-160 cm were

studied in each station.

The sampling technique followed Crespo & Bueno (1982), and Terron (1987)

with the correction proposed by them for LP.A. elaboration. The calculation of total

average coverage (R.M.G.) in each station was carried out according to the method of

Giralt et al. (1989).

The order of the species in the inventories was in accordance with the total num-

ber present in each station and the order of the stations in accordance with their rele-

vance to one or other of the isocontamination zones and to the number when it was

allotted.

Source : MNHN, Paris

EPIPHYTIC LICHENS AS BIOINDICATORS 139

DELIMITATION OF THE AREAS OF ISOCONTAMINATION

Delimitation of the areas of isocontamination can be carried out using different proce-

dures. In this study it was carried out by grouping the different stations according to the

values of the parameters relating to the purity of the air: LP.A. (Atmospheric Purity In-

dex), R.M.G. (global average coverage), number of species and D (flora richness).

These values are shown in Tables 1, 2 and 3, in which the average abundance of each

species is shown. Thus, we delimit three areas which have a more or less homogeneous

lichen vegetation, indicating the existence of similar levels of air pollution.

The extreme values obtained for the previously indicated parameters are shown

in Table 4, Values for the control stations (non-polluted stations) are shown in brackets.

The values used to delimit the areas of isocontamination with regard to the diffe-

rent phorophytes are shown in Table 5

COMMENTS ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF SOME LICHENS AFFECTED

BY AIR POLLUTION

Sixty-nine lichen species and one alga occur in the arca. The response of these

species to air pollution is different. There is a group of species which can be considered

as indifferent to the levels of pollution occurring in the region. Lecanora chlarotera,

Lecidella achristostera and Physconia distorta are included in this group. Others, on

the other hand, show a different response to air pollution. The following belong to the

latter.

1.- Physcia adscendens: when it occurs on Pyrenean oaks and black poplars it

appears in three areas of isocontamination, but isolated and less abundant in areas of

heavy pollution (Area I). However, when it occurs on pines it exhibits a very different

behaviour since it is more abundant and better developed in the most polluted area.

2.- Lecanora conizaeoides: this species is abundant on pines, but not on Pyre-

nean oaks or black poplars. In either case it is in a critical state in the most polluted

areas (Areas I and II) as can be seen in the stations with pines.

3.- Pseudevernia furfuracea: a well-developed species both on Pyrenean oak

and on pines. Again it can be seen that this species decreases and may disappear com-

pletely from areas of heavy pollution (I and II).

4.- Parmelia sulcata: widespread on the three phorophytes studied. Its ecologi-

cal behaviour when faced with air pollution seems to indicate that it is a sensitive spe-

cies in this region as it disappears rapidly from the most polluted area (1).

5.- Parmelia subaurifera: although less frequent than the previous species, it

behaves in a similar way. When growing on black poplars it seems to be more resistant

to air pollution.

6.- Parmelia glabra: it behaves like to the previous two species, being frequent

on both Pyrenean oak and black poplars in areas of heavy pollution. On the other hand

it disappears totally from pines in these areas.

7.- Parmelia exasperata: it shows the same behaviour as Parmelia glabra,

Parmelia subaurifera, Parmelia sulcata, disappearing abruptly in area É

Source : MNHN, Paris

140

Isocontamination area

RMS.

IPA. (1071)

Nº of species

Nº of station

Lecanora chlarotera

Xamhoria parietina

Physcia aipolia

Physconia entheroxantha

Ramalina fraxinea

Physconia pulverulenta

Xanthoria candelaria

Parmelia sulcata.

Parmelia glabra

Evernia prunastri

Lecidella achristostera

Physcia adscendens

Parmelia exasperata

Candelariella vitellina

Parmelia rilliacea

Physconia grisea

Parmelia quercina

Physcia stellaris

Candelaria concolor

Ramalina calicaris

Usnea florida

Pseudevernia furfuracea

Ramalina farinacea

Lecanora carpinea

Lepraria candelaris

Lepraria aeruginosa

Anaptychia ciliaris

Pertusaria albescens

Pleurococcus viridis

Parmelia subaurifera

Buellia punctata

Lepraria membranacea

Caloplaca hungarica

Pertusaria hemisphaerica

Hypogymnia physodes

Calopiaca ferruginea

Bryoria fuscescens

Lecanora conizaeoides

Collema nigrescens

Pertusaria leioplaca

Physconia venusta

Physconia detersa

Parmelia exasperatula

Tephromela atra

Peltigera canina

Caloplaca cerina

Hypogymnia tubulosa

Phaeophyscia insignis

Pertusaria flavida

Peltigera polydacryla

Cerraria chlorophylla

Lecidea borryosa

Pertusaria amara

Lecanora impudens

Physcia semipinnata

Lecanora intumescens

Parmelia saxatilis

Coelocaulon aculeatum

Usnea glabrescens

Pertusaria pertusa

Hypocenomyce scalaris

A. TERRON ALFONSO and E. BARRENO RODRIGUEZ

LB. &oboao. DenadasnDanandardalvo

eyed

.5RRrooocHuooooani noU

esa in E

PE da nega E E ICH pane

SR.

eee ee

Sx.

e er e

uso cuo.

VERD

EUN DUE.

ages

ia in a a i D an a bo o R D D D o B S io co

Ho Seo:

see

. 558.

Table la.- Stations with Quercus pyrenaica

210 216

119 13,2

26 31

49 50

08 10

TON

0.63 À é

L8 10

12 10

12 06

06 04

l4 18

04 L8

LO 14

08 10

06 02

16 16

02 06

18 12

bt:

. 04

04 08

06 10

06 04

02 04

. 04

04 .

04 02

Bladi”

. 06

. 02

04 06

04 02

04 04

. 04

: 04

25002:

: 06

222

13.0

SRRODORUEROAORDOPOO. ahorros

ososcoposcosorreor>

224

123

++ OBBERESURODODORODEGKORO

rososonroe-r-soro--

ee ese

224 232

13.0 15.1

1.0

262

15.4

roporrrnore-ron

Baoabohsanzooes

229-000

226 240 262

12.5 137 146

23 25 3

78 35 86

06 10 10

10 L0 08

LO 18 14

10 16 14

L2 10 10

24 22 22

10 10 08

10 14 28

123-1008

10 10 12

06 10 04

19 12 10

L6 10 18

. 08 04

24 14 12

06 .

` 04

08 08

2A os

08 10

06 08

E 0.

o4 08

02 08 02

68 . 04

06 . 06

L4 04 08

06 . 06

a 02

- 02 06

. 04

LETS

Source : MNHN, Paris

EPIPHYTIC LICHENS AS BIOINDICATORS 141

Table 1b.- Stations with Quercus pyrenaica

Isocontamination area u

17.8 188 208 172 15.0

10.1 11.1 117 99 86

rer

29 31

08 06

18.2

10.4

0.8

R.M.G. 18.

LP.A. (10) n

Nº of species x

Nº of station

Lecanora chlarotera 1

Xanthoria parietina o.

Physcia aipolia 1

Physconia emtheraxantha 1

Ramalina fraxinea 1

Physconia pulverulenta D

Xanthoria candelaria o.

Parmelia sulcata 1

. BREREGRS. RORSSALBSR

BESSERES

rere

5555

serse®

e-e-ee-c

rerroorra

Bonancons

Beccembhe

Parmelia glabra

Evernia prunastri

Lecideila achristostera

Physcia adscendens

Parmelia exasperata

Candelariella vitellina

Parmelia tilliacea

Physconia grisea

Parmelia quercina 10

Physcia stellaris 02 nt

Candelaria concolor. BT ay

Ramalina calicaris E a NIS

Usnea florida 10 02 1

Pseudevernia furfuracea 0.

Ramalina farinacea

Lecanora carpinea

Lepraria candelaris

Lepraria aeruginosa x pe E 1 E

Anaptychia ciliaris RN n woe LO

Pertusaria albescens T NIME a m NZ

Pleurococcus viridis

Parmelia subaurifera

Buellia punctata

Lepraria membranacea s E

Caloplaca hungarica Aqu. E

Pertusaria hemisphaerica pod e NT a po

Hypogymnia physodes A We UR LOU tent

Caloplaca ferruginea aE o We sb ot ALI o compe Er

Bryoria fuscescens i. heath nod me 9 ee al

Lecanora conizaevides re ONDE X CAP Wc pe ddnde ted

Collema nigrescens me: ASE E z a

Pertusaria leioplaca mod = de CR

Physconia venusta on x MEN DA

Physconia detersa md LT AS

Parmelia exasperatula o i E Br

Tephromela atra d I x a I. pr

Peltigera canina = s O e o y Ll MM

Caloplaca cerina TATE X SE n t dag 1

Hypogymnia tubulosa Dol 04 : L9 d. oie ftt

Phaeophyscia insignis ae se. ere Sees C M

Pertusaria flavida ay pe cee E : 04

Peltigera polydacıyla : "T E M

Cerraria chlorophylla E to WU Tec EP

Lecidea botryosa Y 9 4g datu" PO Mens

Pertusaria amara f. o d S 1$ neu iX AR

Lecanora impudens Sa É: I be Loan n

Physcia semipinnata zi no a ee UNIS a

Lecanora intumescens i4 eoo E O Dat Aeon

Parmelia saxatilis

Coelocaulon aculeatum

Usnea glabrescens

Pertusaria pertusa a 4

Hypocenoniyce scalaris = e cor re T x

ronso-rse

coDvaDdaDDDa

. 8568.

eereereprre

223525558.

EAS

reroorerecorn-p=

nda ao

SE 5Seoshasocobocoo

ERGO. a e

pepr

. SomRaonao. w00 0a a oS

errrpros=

0.6

0.2

err

e eor

eses z

. S8E88... bano:

e e

m Ee

e eg

$. xS

0.4

Source : MNHN. Paris

142

Isocontamination area

R.M.G.

LP.A.(x107)

Nº of species

Nº of station

Lecanora chlarotera

Xanthoria parietina

Physcia aipolia

Physconia entheroxantha

Ramalina fraxinea

Physconia pulverulenta

Xanthoria candelaria

Parmelia sulcata.

Parmelia glabra

Evernia prunastri

Lecidella achristostera

Physcia adscendens

Parmelia exasperata

Physconia grisea

Parmelia quercina

Physcia stellaris

Candelaria concolor

Ramalina calicaris

Usnea florida

Pseudevernia furfuracea

Ramalina farinacea

Lecanora carpinea

Lepraria candelaris

Lepraria aeruginosa

Anaptychia ciliaris

Pertusaria albescens

Pleurococcus viridis

Parmelia subaurifera

Buellia punctata

Lepraria membranacea

Caloplaca hungarica

Pertusaria hemisphaerica

Hypogymnia physodes

Caloplaca ferruginea

Bryoria fuscescens

Lecanora conizaeoides

Collema nigrescens

Pertusaria leioplaca

Physconia venusta

Physconia detersa

Parmelia exasperatula

Tephromela atra

Peltigera canina

Caloplaca cerina

Hypogymnia tubulosa

Phaeophyscia insignis

Pertusaria flavida

Peltigera polydaciyla

Cetraria chlorophylla

Lecidea botryosa

Pertusaria amara

Lecanora impudens

Physcia semipinnara

Lecanora intumescens

Parmelia saxatilis

Coelocaulon aculeatum

Usnea glabrescens

Perusaria pertusa

Hypocenomyce scalaris

A. TERRON ALFONSO and E. BARRENO RODRIGUEZ

Table 1c.- Stations with Quercus pyrenai

16.6 16.4 15.8 168 17.2 17.2 17.2 164 16.2 15.8 15.6 19.0 17.8

10.4 9.6 9.0 103 101 97 96 96 97 92 88 108 102

220523 lO MASTER MU SA (207 124 wa

32 34 38 40 43 M 45 46 58 61 65 73 75

L0 10 10 12 10 10 06 02 10 10 10 08 10

LO 04 10 08 L0 12 04 06 12 10 10 16 08

LO 02 L0 . 06 08 08 08 12 10 02 10 10

12 12 10 16 08 10 10 12 06 10 12 02 18

LO 10 08 06 08 06 10 L0 04 08 06 08 LO

04 12 08. '. 12 14 22 14 18 08 0 L0. L6

04 02 "m2 «48 06... 0,8 «04 OS "LO adendo 504.

08 16 . 06 L0 L4 24 18 04 08 02 02 12

L0 Q6 12 12 10 10 10 06 12 04 02 04

06 10 10 10 08 10 10 04 08 04 06 10

08 04 08 04 06 . . 08 10 08 10 06

04 04 1230608. 102 02 M. «HO ab el

10 16 10 L6 20 120 1.0. 5 «02r 59 2

08 06 04 04 06 . . 02.06 » 0,6 04 02

12 VAG Ny 706 20 «L4 (14 MU RO

VESTE UN. LO Q8 DL to 14 08 26 08

10.-02. DA -04 .04 006 02 02 © . 04 0E

02 02 0. EU Vs BOS, ef." EON eu

215944 ESO 04 08 0.2 04 RE de,

04 . 02 02 06 04 06 . 04

S. on d U AS Sak EE, EO 2 cmn

DOE NE M c OSS a

09. 02 8500.2 LEO O El ROS FINO

a 029: 007 Ri 02 BO:

- 06 08 04 08 04 08 0.4 cs

x 08.02. E) 6 LOS 04 Wi. Men

DE DEE aid Ou OO N AA

4 Ja OC A A di im en

10, Je o 008. NO ON NE. Wo eC albe I ot

DENN NU ROS ROZ MES ft

FINE ee + DUE n

; 4 MO er

RT O Y: quA 02 n 2

E XR OX 0.2.2601 is k

t at 02 é

: 02 E E

Eo: COR Nds dic wee vi

MAA IS ML AB

: Ms à Oder CE

5 = 02) f. wh

S ag ^

E x I 02

08 Jj *

0.6 é

Source : MNHN, Paris

Isocontamination area

R.M.G.

1P.A.(x10"l)

Nº of species

Nº of station

Lecanora chlarotera

Xanthoria parietina

Physcia aipolia

Physconia entheroxantha

Ramalina fraxinea

Physconia pulverulenta

Xamthoria candelaria

Parmelia sulcata

Parmelia glabra

Evernia prunastri

Lecidella achristostera

Physcia adscendens

Parmelia exasperata

Candelariella vitellina

Parmelia tlliacea

Physconia grisea

Parmelia quercina

Physcia stellaris

Candelaria concolor.

Ramalina calicaris

Usnea florida

Pseudevernia furfuracea

Ramalina farinacea

Lecanora carpinea

Lepraria candelaris

Lepraria aeruginosa

Anaptychia ciliaris

Pertusaria albescens

Pleurococcus viridis

Parmelia subaurifera

Buellia punctata.

Lepraria membranacea.

Caloplaca hungarica

Pertusaria hemisphaerica

Hypogymnia physodes

Caloplaca ferruginea

Bryoria fuscescens

Lecanora conizaeoides

Collema nigrescens

Pertusaria leioplaca

Physconia venusta.

Physconia detersa

Parmelia exasperatula

Tephromela atra

Peltigera canina

Caloplaca cerina

Hypogymnia tubulosa

Phaeophyscia insignis

Pertusaria flavida

Peliigera polydacıyla

Cetraria chlorophylla

Lecidea botryosa

Pertusaria amara

Lecanora impudens

Physcia semipinnasa

Lecanora intumescens

Parmelia saxatilis

Coelocaulon aculeatum

Usnea glabrescens

Pertusaria pertusa

Hypocenomyce scalaris

EPIPHYTIC LICHENS AS BIOINDICATORS

15.0

9.0

eseeerc-rzzzz

. Bose nobpDo

re 2

192

11.0

5585555588

9 erp rere

.&.. Sao. Soo.

ez $

-Ro ERI

15.4

8.7

Rip Rino meo

SERRE ROO

o pio

&.. a. be.

Table 1d.- Stations with Quercus pyrenaica

18.6

10.5

17.8

10.6

FEIN

55. eb

o ppor

. à hemo:

2255.

90 104

45 $2

io is

grex

io 08

16 16

10 08

0.4

10 04

08 08

02 04

06 08

20.

2278

. 04

24 26

02 02

Rus

0.2

propor roun

prseter rp

143

60 78

30 38

TEE

06 04

06 10

. 06

14 08

os 02

18 24

Grae É

Tai

| 02

| 08

02 10

Source : MNHN. Paris

144 A. TERRON ALFONSO and E. BARRENO RODRIGUEZ

Table 2a.- Stations with Populus nigra

Isocontamination area. m u "

R.M.G.

LP.A. (x 1075)

N ° of species

Nº of station.

Xanthoria parietina

Xanthoria candelaria

Lecanora chlarotera

Physconia grisea

Physcia aipolia

Physconia pulverulenta

Lecidella achrystostera

Physcia adscendens

Physcia stellaris

Parmelia tilliacea

Physconia enteraxantha

Lecanora carpinea

Ramalina fraxinea

Candelariella vitellina

Parmelia glabra

Parmelia exasperata

Pleurococcus viridis

Parmelia subaurifera

Candelaria concolor.

Evernia prunastri

Tephromella atra

Caloplaca hungarica

Parmelia sulcata

Caloplaca cerina

Parmelia quercina

Ramalina calicaris

Collema nigrescens E

Collema subfurvum o A DO NT 1

Lepraria candelaris E 1 el à 0.

Lepraria membranacea re PEE d

Anaptychia ciliaris 1 04 10 0.

Physconia detersa La CS

Phaeophyscia insignis 1 d "E.

Pseudevernia furfuracea — 18 02 l .| . : oi $ "

Pertusaria hemisphaerica . 08 E EN eo gem

Pertusaria albescens Ce LOTS TES. Es

Caloplaca ferruginea Ro: e A

Lecanora dispersa a we er E s

Usnea florida a Mr 02 i

Lecanora conizaevides 5d NN TEN E S T

Pertusaria flavida DANS ON d Ml E

Buellia puncrara A RO RS LL:

Caloplaca flavorubescens So EE Pup Qo Ve

Pyscia semipinnata P. q

Lecania dimera

Lepraria aeruginosa

Pertusaria amara

Parmelia saxatilis

Ramalina farinacea

Nephroma laevigatum

Peltigera polydacryla i 5 >

Lecidea botryosa $ 02 4

222 19.8 16.8 [16,2 13.8

sak

SS io o o tote D o OU e o

PII

38u

corcaroDos

prse

75558

Sã

. Shbeanowonoeaua

ere err-uy

B. Saaran eSa

Sos.

Soke

. BESSSSES

eerrercer

e errecrrs

SSP

esssz

condão.

222

SS 2 Serresrror

RRS.

rrere

erres

Se g

8.. E&R

. Fenada

ses

ER. 2. à. DDR. m.

ospern

seo

BER. D:

BS..

- RER

eee

SooSba.

Source : MNHN, Paris

EPIPHYTIC LICHENS AS BIOINDICATORS 145

Table 2b.- Stations with Populus nigra

112 78 110 7.8 122 126 110 126 1 132 128

45 44 30 45 49 44 45

12. ido P Caes I ds

To pas rn

10 o

1.0 8

Nº of station

Xanthoria parietina

Xanthoria candelaria

Lecanora chlarotera

Physconia grisea

Physcia aipolia

Physconia pulverulenta

Lecidella achrystostera

Physcia adscendens

Physcia stellaris

Parmelia tilliacea

Physconia enteroxantha

Lecanora carpinea

Ramalina fraxinea

Candelariella vitellina

Parmelia glabra 1

Parmelia exasperata 1 To

Pleurococcus viridis > : 06

Parmelia subaurifera 02 an v NUM

Candelaria concolor. cw Ib. EE ; 1

Evernia prunastri Oh ae 45; RU De EOS a

Tephromella atra dh) Biro | nn 02, iso 08 06

Caloplaca hungarica jn jd 4-537 Eu € 7

Parmelia sulcata d emend NS a OE. <

Caloplaca cerina deh alae a an MA EIE O aid

Parmelia quercina USE. TEIN S

Ramalina calicaris : Wehr IE:

Collema nigrescens a CET

Collema subfurvum uc CE

Lepraria candelaris bg ur Hd:

Lepraria membranacea ML en, CHE:

Anaptychia ciliaris EE É

Physconia detersa sel Shem

Phaeophyscia insignis arer dE

Pseudevernia furfuracea dns [T oou as Mir cte

Pertusaria hemisphaerica JE de uc ee ae je

Pertusaria albescens ede xS 5 É fluid

Caloplaca ferruginea ao aie "aa ou

Lecanora dispersa A o M or ome, Y

Usnea florida. eum d Ar

Lecanora conizaeoides hU des "

Pertusaria flavida ut.

Buellia punctata. RS RSS D

Caloplaca flavorubescens ER ra CR ee"

Pyscia semipinnata Re es e oe SD © |

Lecania dimera Bee A Loo ERES

Lepraria aeruginosa era ee q te: KE ane

Pertusaria amara (o wir cocta Pe A ES

Parmelia saxatilis wa an S 3 vos vi quaii] mee

Ramalina farinacea acm ra ee Age Aor ae 3

Nephroma laevigatum er é i i A

Peltigera polydaciyla O doado e rt +

Lecidea borryosa Sal aly ee

. BARDBRDSD

. É. S55555%

. BEBSSS LO

non

epprorenr

e gezezze

eeeeeegeev-oc

erersrrrey

Somorzonona

eres»

Rober. DEO...

0.8

22.

be b

^ cu) han:

NAR T

Source : MNHN, Paris

146

Isocontamination area

RM.G.

LP.A.(x 107!)

Nº of species

Nº of station

Lecanora chlarotera

Lecidella achistostera

Pleurococcus viridis

Hypogymnia physodes

Caloplaca ferruginea

Evernia prunastri

Lecanora conizaeoides

Pseudevernia furfuracea

Parmelia sulcata

Caloplaca hungarica

Parmelia subaurifera

Cadelariella vitelina

Physcia adscendens

Parmelia glabra

Usnea florida

Coelocaulon aculeatum

Physcia aipolia

Strangospora pinicola

Parmelia exasperata

Tephromela atra

Xanthoria parietina

Physconia grisea

Lecanora dispersa

Bryoria fuscescens

Catillaria globulosa

Parmelia tiliacea

Hypogymnia tubulosa

Physcia stellaris

Physconia enteroxantha

Parmelia saxatilis

Cerraria sepincola

Candelaria concolor

Caloplaca cerina

Ramalina farinacea

Lepraria membranacea

Lecanora carpinea

Platismatia glauca

Cetraria pinastri

A. TERRON ALFONSO and E. BARRENO RODRIGUEZ

16.4

8.1

1.0

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.8

0.6

1.0

0.2

17.0

0.6

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.8

1.0

Table 3.- Stations with Pinus sylvestris

14.6

0.8

1.0

0.6

0.8

0.2

172

0.4

0.2

0.8

1.0

0.6

0.4

10.6

0.8

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.8

102

5.1

1.0

0.6

1.0

0.4

0.8

6.0

2.8

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.8

0.6

6.6

0.8

1.0

0.6

0.2

0.4

6.6

0.8

0.2

1.0

0.4

9.0

3.6

0.6

1.0

0.6

0.2

Source : MNHN. Paris

EPIPHYTIC LICHENS AS BIOINDICATORS 147

L Qercus pyrenaica | Populus nigra Pinus sylvestris

| LP.A. (x 107!) 3.0-15.8 (26.7) | 3.0-10.8 (14.1) | 2.5-8.2 (13.6)

R.M.G. 6.0-26.2 (36.2) | 6.8-22.2 (27) 6.0-17.2 (22.0)

Nº species 7-33 (34) 8-29 (30) 10-22 (26)

D 0.21-1.0 (1.03) | 0.28-1.0 (1.03) | 0.45-1.0 (1.18)

Table 4.- Extreme values of different parameters

8.- Usnea florida: a well represented species in the stations with Pyrenean oak,

less frequent on pines and almost absent on poplars. In the study region it clearly pre-

fers areas where the atmosphere is cleaner.

9.- Coelocaulon aculeatum: it appears to prefer pines (despite these not being its

normal habitat), is preponderant in area III, and gradually disappears as the areas

become more polluted.

10.- Tephromela atra var. corticola: although it is not well represented in the

area studied, it seems to be largely insensitive to changes in the level of air pollution as

it appears sporadically in the three areas of isocontamination.

11.- Xanthoria parietina: it shows an interesting behaviour in so far as it is do-

minant in the region, independent of the area of isocontamination. However, when it

occurs on pines it appears exclusively in the most polluted area.

12.- Physconia grisea: in the region it appears to be one of the species most

resistant to air pollution and even appears to prefer the most polluted areas, where ithas

high indices of abundance. This species behaves differently in other European regions.

13.- Bryoria fuscescens: it also is sensitive to increasing levels of air pollutants,

disappearing as the areas become more polluted (Areas I and II).

14.- Caloplaca cerina: another species that shows a clear preference for the most

polluted areas, a fact which is specially obvious when it occurs on black poplars. This

strongly contrasts with its behaviour in north-western Europe.

15.- Lecanora carpinea: it seems to prefer the most polluted areas, where it oc-

curs most abundantly. It was also found in areas with greater atmospheric purity.

16.- Ramalina fraxinea: it is also sensitive to air pollution, becoming impove-

rished and disappearing from heavily polluted areas.

17.- Anaptychia ciliaris: a species not well represented in the area but showing

some sensitivity to atmospheric pollutants, although it is capable of developing well in

areas with average pollution levels, in so far as the study region is concerned.

18.- Evernia prunastri: it exhibits behaviour similar to that of sensitive species

as it decreases in, and even disappears from areas with very heavy pollution.

Source : MNHN, Paris

Quercus pyrenaica Populus nigra Pinus sylvestris

mu Hn 1 n u I ur u I

LP.A. (x 10°!) 11.9-15.8 8.6-11.7 3.0-6.0 6.5-10.8 5.2-6.8 3.0-5.1 138.2 4.9-5.1 2.5-3.6

R.M.G. 21.0-26.2 | 15.0-20.8 | 6.0-11.0 | 16.8-22.2 | 13.6-16.2 | 6.8-13.6 | 14.6-17.2 | 10.2-10.6 | 6.0-9.0

Nº species 23-33 17-35 7-16 20-29 14-23 8-16 20-22 14-18 11-16

D 0.7-1.0 0.5-0.8 0.2-0.5 0.7-1.0 0.5-0.8 0.3-0.6 0.9-1.0 0.6-0.8 0.5-0.7

ZANDIAGOU ONSWSHVE ‘4 PUE OSNOATY NOYYAL "V

Table 5.- Values used to delimit the areas of isocontamination with regard to the different phorophytes.

Source : MNHN. Paris

EPIPHYTIC LICHENS AS BIOINDICATORS 149

Another point worth mentioning for species, which are scarce in the region as a

whole, is their clear preference for areas with high atmospheric purity as they only ap-

pear in areas with lower contamination. On the other hand, they are abundant in areas

where the control sampling (non-polluted stations) was carried out. Cerraria

chlorophylla, Hypocenomyce scalaris, Nephroma laevigatum, Platismatia glauca and

Cetraria pinastri belong to this group.

COMMENTS ON THE AREAS OF ISOCONTAMINATION

The 87 stations can be grouped into three areas of isocontamination as shown in

Map 2. This delimitation clearly reveals the important role played by topography and

by the wind pattern of a region in which the sources of pollution are concentrated or

scarce, as in this case. For this reason a clear bipolarity can be seen in the areas of iso-

contamination, which coincides with the big valleys and with the prevailing winds

(west and north).

AREA III: the zone which enjoys greatest atmospheric purity is included in this

area. Twenty one stations are situated in its core which contain 64 lichen species and

one alga. These generally show well-developed thalli and high frequency-abundance

indices.

The stations included in this area are characterized by having high LP.A.,

R.M.G., D and species number values. In some cases these values are still far from

those of the control of non-polluted stations.

AREA II: this contains 39 stations with 59 lichen species and one alga. In many

cases the lichen thalli are not well formed, as they are in the previous area, and gener-

ally show lower abundance indices. The fall in the values of the previously mentioned

indices compared with those found in the non-polluted stations is clearly seen.

AREA I: this is the most polluted area. 27 stations were investigated here and

only 38 lichens species and one alga were recorded. We can clearly appreciate the drop

in the number of species capable of enduring the existing levels of pollution,although,

as above mentioned, some species develop better or more abundantly in this area. Ne-

vertheless we found they are less developed than in non-contaminated areas.

INDICATORY VALUE OF SOME LICHENS

One point of interest in this type of study is the potential value of the data obtai-

ned for further research into air pollution. There is no doubt that the most interesting

aspect will be the use of various lichens as reliable monitors of air pollution in the

region, particulary when more information on the levels of pollution becomes available

and indicatory values can be assigned to each species.

‘As can be seen from the presence-abundance tables (Tables 1, 2 and 3), the fol-

lowing species stand out for their indicatory value, based on their presence-absence in

the different isocontamination areas:

a- On Quercus pyrenaica: Ramalina calicaris, R. farinacea, Usnea florida,

Pseudevernia furfuracea, Pertusaria albescens, Evernia prunastri, Parmelia sulcata*,

Source : MNHN, Paris

150 A. TERRON ALFONSO and E. BARRENO RODRIGUEZ

P. exasperata*, P. quercina*, P. subaurifera*, and Anaptychia ciliaris*, disappear

completely or from a high percentage of trees(*) in the most polluted area. Hypogymnia

physodes, Caloplaca ferruginea, Bryoria fuscescens and Lecanora conizaeoides disap-

pear almost totally outside the area of greatest atmospheric purity. Coelocaulon aculea-

tum, Cetraria chlorophylla, Usnea glabrescens and Hypocenomyce scalaris, appear in

the least polluted areas, being most abundant in the control stations (non-polluted sta-

tions). Both in its presence and in its abundance, Physconia grisea is interesting as it

develops perfectly in the area of highest pollution.

b.- On Populus nigra: Interesting information is provided by the species which

live on this phorophyte in the valley areas where it is the dominant tree. Thus, the dras-

tic decrease in the presence-abundance of Parmelia glabra, P. exasperata, P. sulcata,

Evernia prunastri, and Anaptychia ciliaris, and the increase of Caloplaca cerina, indi-

cate an approach towards areas of heavy pollution. The species such as Nephroma

laevigatum, Peltigera polydactyla, Lecanora conizaeoides, and Ramalina farinacea are

scarce in the areas of lowest pollution, as compared to areas of high atmospheric purity

where they are very abundant.

c.- On Pinus sylvestris: Again the total or partial (*) disappearance of Lecanora

conizaeoides*, Pseudevernia furfuracea*, Parmelia sulcata*, P. subaurifera, P.

exasperata, P. glabra, Usnea florida, Coelocaulon aculeatum, Strangospora pinicola,

Tephromela atra, Bryoria fuscescens, Catillaria globulosa and Cetraria sepincola, as

well as the increase or appearance of Physcia adscendens, Physcia aipolia, Xanthoria

parietina and Physconia grisea, indicate that this is the area of heaviest pollution in the

region.

ACKNOWLEGEMENTS. - I wish to thank Donal Savage A.LL. for his help in the translation of this

paper.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CLAUZADE G. & ROUX C., 1985 - Likenoj de Okcidenta Europo. Ilustrita determinlibro. Royan:

Societé Botanique du Centre Ouest, 893 p.

CRESPO A., MANRIQUE E., BARRENO E. & SERINA E., 1977 - Valoración de la contaminación

atmosférica del área urbana de Madrid mediante bioindicadores (Líquenes epífitos). Anales

Inst. Bot. A. J. Cavanilles 34 (1): 71-94.

CRESPO A., BARRENO E., SANCHO L. G. & BUENO A. G., 1981 - Establecimiento de una red de

valoración de la pureza atmosférica de la provincia de La Coruña (España) mediante bioin-

dicadores liquénicos. Lazaroa 3: 289-311.

CRESPO A. & BUENO A. G., 1982 - Valoración de áreas isocontaminadas en la Casa de Campo de

Madrid mediante el análisis de bioindicadores (Líquenes epífitos). Collect. Bot. 13 (1): 279-

294,

DERUELLE S. £ GARCÍA-SCHAEFFER F., 1983 - Les lichens bioindicateurs de la pollution atmo-

sphérique dans la région parisienne. Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol. 4: 47-64.

GIRALT M.,GOMEZ-BOLEA A. 8: LETROUIT-GALINOU M. A., 1989 - Estimation de la pollution

atmosphérique du littoral du Tarragonès (Catalogne, Espagne) en utilisant des lichens épi-

phytes comme bioindicateurs, Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol. 10(2): 131-146

Source : MNHN, Paris

EPIPHYTIC LICHENS AS BIOINDICATORS 151

HAWKSWORTH D. L. & ROSE F., 1970 - Qualitative scale for estimating sulphur dioxid pollution

in England and Wales, Nature 227 (5254): 145-148.

HAWKSWORTH D. L. & ROSE F., 1979 - Lichens as pollution monitors. Southampton: The Came-

lot Press Trd. , 60 pp.

LE BLANC F. & DE SLOOVER J., 1970 - Relation between industrialization and the distribution

and growth of epiphytic lichens and mosses in Montreal. Canad. J. Bor. 48: 1485-1496.

PEREZ MORALES C.,1987 - Flora y vegetación de la cuenca alta del río Bernesga (León). León.

Exma. Diputación Provincial de León. Inst. Fray Bernardino de Sahagtin. 437 pp.

RIVAS-MARTÍNEZ S., DIAZ T. E., FERNANDEZ PRIETO J. A., LOIDI J. & PENAS A., 1984 - La

vegetación de la alta montaña cantábrica. Los Picos de Europa. León: Ediciones Leonesas,

295 pp.

RIVAS-MARTÍNEZ S. 1987 - Memoria del mapa de series de vegetación de España. Madrid.

1.C.O.N.A. Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, 268 pp.

TERRON ALFONSO A., 1987 - Empleo de bioindicadores liquénicos para la valoración del grado

de contaminación atmosférica en la zona de Ponferrada (León). León. Exma. Diputación

Provincial de León. Inst. Fray Bernardino de Sahagún., 387 pp.

Source : MNHN, Paris

pe! roda geito dt. edes caet

SNES Reais hid) poet

NT ios zn s

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol. 1994, 15 (2): 153-159 153

NOUVELLES STATIONS FRANC-COMTOISES DE

GRIMMIA TERETINERVIS Limpr.,

UNE ESPECE MECONNUE EN FRANCE

Jean-Claude VADAM

17, rue de Montbouton F-25230 DASLE.

RÉSUMÉ - Grimmia teretinervis Limpr., espèce connue d'Europe Centrale est formellement

signalée pour la première fois en France au nord du département du Doubs. La carte de répartition

des nouvelles stations et la sociologie sont présentées.

ABSTRACT - Grimmia teretivervis Limpr. is a well known species in Central Europe and has now

been discovered in the north of the "departement Doubs" in France. A distribution map of the new

localities and the sociology are given.

HISTORIQUE

Espêce dioique mais seulement connue par son gamétophyte, Grimmia

teretinervis fut décrite à partir d'une récolte de H. Gander dans le Tyrol (Limpricht

1884). Cependant, suite à des révisions d'herbiers, ce taxon parut déjà avoir été re-

cueilli vers 1840 par Léo Lesquereux dans les environs de Fleurier, prés de Neuchâtel

en Suisse et rapporté de maniére fautive à Grimmia funalis Schwaegr. (Amann et al.

1918); de méme, en Autriche, l'herbier Breidler comportait des échantillons de cette

mousse, récoltés dans la province de Styrie et déterminés par J. Juratzka comme ap-

partenant à Grimmia conferta Funck [= Schistidium apocarpum (Hedw.) B. et S.].

DESCRIPTION ET POSITION SYSTÉMATIQUE

L'existence des pieds mâles est restée ignorée jusqu'à leur découverte récente

dans l'Ontario (Ireland 1982); mais la plante ne se rencontre qu'à l'état stérile. Elle

réalise des coussinets noirâtres, peu cohérents, hauts de 1 à 2 cm. Les feuilles in-

férieures sont mutiques, dressées et apprimées par le sec, tandis que les supérieures, de

forme lancéolée, se terminent par un poil blanc, court et denté. En plan, la nervure ap-

paraît forte et brunâtre. Le tissu du limbe est formé de cellules presque isodiamétri-

ques, sauf à la base, au voisinage de la nervure, où elles deviennent brièvement rectan-

gulaires; les parois squelettiques sont épaissies, mais non sinueuses.

Source : MNHN, Paris

154 J.C. VADAM

En coupe transversale, les bords de la feuille sont plans et le limbe devient bis-

trate dans sa partie apicale.

Proche de Grimmia ovalis (Hedw.) Lindb. pour Limpricht ou de formes ténues

de Schistidium apocarpum (Hedw.) B. et S. pour Loeske, comme sa synonymie

I'évoque (= Schistidium teretinerve (Limpr.) Limpr. ; Grimmia tenuis Barker ex Roth),

la position systématique controversée de ce taxon (Culmann 1905) se situerait au sein

du genre Grimmia plutót que parmi les Schistidium (Bremer 1980).

Ce taxon cité dans la "Moosflora" (Frahm & Frey 1983) reste encore ignoré par

toutes les flores frangaises, ce qui contribue peut-étre à sa méconnaissance sur le terri-

toire national.

Touffes de Grimmia teretinervis

ÉCOLOGIE ET RÉPARTITION ACTUELLE

Grimmia teretinervis se révêle comme une espêce saxicole, calciphile et xéro-

phile qui colonise les parois des frontons calcaires presque nus, ensoleillés et trés secs.

Son amplitude altitudinale est comprise entre 300 et 1 800 m dans le Tyrol (Loeske

1930). Elle se trouve quelquefois associée à un cortége de lichens réputés nitrophiles,

par exemple en Bulgarie ($marda 1970). Jusqu'au premier tiers du siècle, une trentaine

de stations avaient été découvertes dans le monde, mais les nouvelles localités publiées

depuis cette époque restent assez rares.

Source : MNHN, Paris

GRIMMIA TERETINERVIS LIMPR. EN FRANCE 155

La situation européenne est la suivante:

-en Autriche, la plante existe dans le Tyrol et en Styrie (Limpricht 1884),

- en Allemagne, elle a été découverte dans le Wurtemberg (Loeske 1930), en Bavière

(Poelt 1954) et dans l’Eifel en Rhénanie-Palatinat (Düll 1977),

- en Haute-Adige pour l'Italie (Loeske 1913),

- en Tchécoslovaquie, elle est signalée dans les Carpates (Podpera 1954, Pilous 1961),

- en Bulgarie, elle est mentionnée dans les Balkans (Smarda 1970).

Elle a été indiquée encore de Hongrie, de Yougoslavie et de Roumanie

(Düll 1984),

- en Suisse, où les localités sont les plus nombreuses (environ une douzaine), celles-ci

remontent surtout à l'époque des observations de Charles Meylan et de Jules Amann.

Elle est ainsi indiquée dans les cantons de Neuchátel, Vaud, Berne, Grisons, Unterwal-

den et Tessin.Les stations récemment publiées sont beaucoup plus rares (Jäggli 1950).

L'espèce figure sur la liste rouge helvétique qui la considère comme rare (Urmi 1987),

- en France, l'espèce n'a pas été formellement reconnue, car ni Meylan (1905), ni

Amann et al. (1918) qui en signalent la présence dans le Mont d'Or ne précisent que la

station se trouve sur le versant français. Cette mention est reprise dans le Catalogue des

mousses du Jura (Hillier 1954). Cet auteur ne l'a pas vue personnellement; cependant

Pierre Boudier l'a récemment observée sur les calcaires de l’arête sommitale en juillet

1993 (comm. écr.).

L'espêce présente par ailleurs une disjonction en Amérique du Nord, oà elle a

été trouvée dans divers états (Canada: Ontario, Québec, Gaspésie, Alberta, Territoires

du Nord-Ouest; Etats-Unis; Idaho, Minnesota, Tennessee, Wisconsin, Missouri, Kan-

sas, Colorado, Oklahoma et Arkansas (Ireland 1985).

NOUVELLES STATIONS DUBISIENNES

Selon Hillier, Ch. Meylan considérait Grimmia teretinervis comme plus abon-

dante au nord du Jura qu'au sud, où ses nombreuses recherches dans la haute chaine

idanienne restêrent vaines.

En 1993, diverses excursions botaniques programmées dans la partie septen-

trionale du Doubs, secteur plus négligé dans le passé par les investigations bryolo-

giques, nous permirent de confirmer ces assertions. Ainsi, au nord de Fleurey (prés de

Saint-Hippolyte) une corniche de calcaire corallien de facies rauracien, allongée d'est

en ouest séparant les vallées du Dessoubre et du Doubs, offre un crét rocheux désigné

localement "Sur la Vie Rote" oà le flanc méridional surplombe une petite dépression

oxfordienne et porte sur sa paroi abrupte une maigre végétation muscinale xérophile,

dont de nombreux coussinets appartiennent à Grimmia teretinervis.

Des recherches mieux orientées, dans des stations analogues nous permirent

de retrouver cette espéce dans la vallée du Doubs au "Petit Sapois" (Commune de

Soulce-Cernay) à quelques kilomètres seulement de la première station. Plus en amont,

vers la partie sommitale, des corniches du défilé d'Entreroches, prés de Ville-du-Pont

(environs de Montbenoit), présentent des flancs escarpés, taillés dans l'Oxfordien

Source : MNHN, Paris

156 J.C. VADAM

Grimmia teretinervis Limpr.

Nouvelles stations, en France, de Grimmia teretinervis Limpr. dans le réseau UTM 20 x 20.

supérieur de faciès rauracien qui accueillent une végétation chasmophytique (Potentillo

- Hieracietum Br.-Bl. 1933), avec quelques touffes de cette mousse.

POSITION PHYTOSOCIOLOGIQUE ET CONTACTS

La littérature phytosociologique n'offre que trés peu de tableaux oü figure

Grimmia teretinervis du fait de la rareté propre à cette espéce spécialisée. Par ailleurs

ses aptitudes pionniêres limitent l'importance du cortége bryophytique qui l'accom-

pagne dans ces stations.

Les quelques individus d'association que nous avons relevés (tableau) pour les

nouvelles localités dubisiennes, en raison des présences, bien que discrêtes, de Schis-

tidium apocarpum, Tortula intermedia et Orthotrichum anomalum autorisent leur rat-

tachement au Grimmion tergestinae Smarda 1947 (Marstaller 1979, 1980, 1983 b,

1991). Cependant les absences totales de Grimmia tergestina et d'espêces à répartition

biogéographique méditerranéenne excluent l'appartenance au Grimmietum tergestinae

Source : MNHN, Paris

GRIMMIA TERETINERVIS LIMPR. EN FRANCE

157

(Smarda 1947) em. Marstaller 1983, où cependant figure un relevé de Pilous réalisé

dans les Basses Tatras qui renferme ce taxon (Marstaller 1983 a).

Collema tenax.

N* du relevé 1 2 3

Date 12.693 23.5.93 19.8.93

Altitude (m) 720 710 820

Recouvrement (%) 25 10 5

Exposition. s s s

Nombre d'espèces 10 3 4

Caractéristique d'association:

Grimmia teretinervis 33 12 E

Caractéristiques d'alliance:

Schistidium apocarpum *

Tortula intermedia =

Orthotrichum anomalum +

Caractéristique d'ordre:

Tortula muralis 11

Compagnes:

Tortella tortuosa 12 + .

Weissia controversa var. crispata * * 14

Bryum argenteum var. lanatum 1.1 `

Tortella densa +

Lichens:

Toninia candida +

Psora lurida

Le rapprochement avec le Grimmio anodontis-Syntrichietum ruralis calcico-

lae Giacomini 1939 offre encore plus de divergences (Hübschmann von 1986), si bien

que malgré la faiblesse numérique de nos relevés il paraît souhaitable de créer une en-

tité originale, en raison des conditions stationnelles particulières à cette espèce. Dans

cette hypothèse Grimmia teretinervis deviendrait la caractéristique d'une association

saxicole, aux exigences xérophile et photophile, occupant de manière pionnière les

parois verticales des calcaires compacts, exposés en plein sud. Les stations connues de

Grimmia teretinervis assignent à cette association une vaste répartition euraméricaine,

avec une tendance orophile marquée. D'un point de vue synsystématique, en suivant

Marstaller (1987, 1993), les unités supérieures retenues sont les suivantes:

- Classe : Grimmietea anodontis Jeek et Vondracek 1962.

- Ordre : Grimmietalia anodontis Šmarda et Vanek in Šmarda 1947.

- Alliance : Grimmion tergestinae Smarda 1947.

- Association : Grimmietum teretinervis ass. nov.

(Caractéristique: Grimmia teretinervis) holotype relevé n°1.

Quand la roche se désagrêge à la faveur de failles, au groupement précédent

se substituent des éléments de Tortelletum inclinatae Stodiek 1937, sans lien dyna-

Source : MNHN, Paris

158 J.C. VADAM

mique. De méme, sur de grandes parois, les fissures qui offrent des conditions sta-

tionnelles trés différentes hébergent des individus de l' Encalypto streptocarpae - Fissi-

dentetum cristati Neumayr 1971, pour réaliser une mosaique. Quelques composants de

ces associations mitoyennes participent au Grimmietum teretinervis à titre de com-

pagnes avec une abondance-dominance minime.

MATÉRIEL - Outre les échantillons en provenance des différentes stations conservés dans

Pherbier de l'auteur, une part a été déposée au Laboratoire de Cryptogamie du Muséum National

d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris.

REMERCIEMENTS - Nous sommes très reconnaissant à R.B. Pierrot qui a contrôlé notre détermi-

nation. Nous exprimons encore notre gratitude à P. Boudier (Muséum de Chartres) pour ses encou-

ragements à la publication de cette note ainsi qu'à P. Geissler (Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques,

Genève) et D. Lamy (Laboratoire de Cryptogamie, Paris), pour leur affable et efficace aide docu-

mentaire.

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GRIMMIA TERETINERVIS LIMPR. EN FRANCE 159

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“Leutratal” bei Jena. Wiss. Friedrich - Schiller - Univ. Jena, Naturwiss. R. 36 (3): 461- 494.

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41-172.

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Akad. Véd. 71 (2) 2: 1-99.

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Nat. Kl. 163: 141-174, 495-539.

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Source : MNHN, Paris

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol. 1994, 15 (2): 161-169 161

BRIÓFITOS CORTICÍCOLAS DE LOS ROBLEDALES

DE LA SIERRA DE GREDOS (ÁVILA, ESPANA).

Francisco LARA y Vicente MAZIMPAKA

Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias,

Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Cantoblanco. E-28049 Madrid, España.

RESUMEN - Del estudio de cinco melojares situados en ambas vertientes de Ia Sierra de Gredos, se

ha confeccionado un catálogo de 51 táxones corticícolas (8 hepáticas y 43 musgos). Entre las razones

que puedan explicar esta riqueza brioflorística epífita en un entorno mediterráneo, se destaca la

amplia representación del género Orthotrichum (10 especies) y el gran número de epífitos facultati-

vos que, ocasional o habitualmente, colonizan bases y troncos de melojos. Finalmente, se comenta.

las diferencias que algunos briófitos muestran en la colonización de árboles a lo largo del Sistema.

Central. Se aportan 13 nuevas citas y 20 segundas para la provincia de Ávila.

ABSTRACT - Based on the study of more than 600 samples collected in 5 deciduous oak-woods

from both faces of Gredos Range, a catalogue of 51 corticolous taxa (8 hepatics and 43 mosses) is

presented. Among the factors accounting for so high a richness in epiphytic bryophytes in a mediter-

ranean environment, the most relevant are: a large representation of the genus Orthotrichum (10

species) and a high number of facultative epiphytes which, from surrounding rocks or soil, colonize

tree bases or trunks. Finally, comments are devoted to the differences shown by some bryophytes in

bark colonization along the Spanish Central Range. 13 new records and 20 second ones are reported

for the province of Ávila.

INTRODUCCIÓN

El estrato brioepifítico de los bosques mediterráneos parece, a primera vista,

pobre y simple debido al bajo recubrimiento de los troncos de los árboles y a la homo-

geneidad fisonómica de las comunidades epífitas en ellos desarrolladas. Sin embargo,

un estudio profundo del mismo en los bosques mediterráneos húmedos del centro pe-

ninsular está revelando una alta diversidad específica, sobre todo en las fases pioneras

de la colonización de los árboles. Asimismo, se observa que algunos táxones muestran

un sorprendente comportamiento epífito, inusual en áreas extramediterráneas. Prueba

del interés y escaso conocimiento de la brioflora epífita del centro de España son los

recientes hallazgos de musgos corticícolas: Orthotrichum ibericum Lara & Mazimpaka,

endemismo del centro-occidente peninsular (Lara & Mazimpaka 1993) y O. acumina-

tum Philib., taxon circunmediterráneo con amplia distribución en la Península (Mateo

et al. 1990, Lara & Mazimpaka 1992),

En este trabajo se presenta el catálogo de todos los briófitos hallados sobre las

cortezas de melojos (Quercus pyrenaica Willd.), tras el muestreo intensivo de varios

Source - MNHN, Paris

162 F.LARA y V. MAZIMPAKA

bosques de la Sierra de Gredos, un área peninsular de gran interés fitocorológico. Se

incluyen comentarios sobre la abundancia de cada taxon y sobre su comportamiento

epífito en Gredos y, en los casos de mayor interés corológico o ecológico, se compara

con su presencia en otras montafias del Sistema Central. El artículo finaliza con una

breve descripción de la composición típica y la fisonomfa de las comunidades epffitas

desarrolladas en los robles de diferentes edades y en los distintos estratos verticales de

los árboles.

Area estudiada - La Sierra de Gredos es un elevado macizo granítico del tramo

medio de la Cordillera Central de la Península Ibérica (fig. 1), que presenta un recor-

rido en dirección E-W de unos 140km. El clima de los pisos mesomediterráneo y

supramediterráneo (400-1600m) es típicamente mediterráneo continental, aunque algo

dulcificado por la influencia atlántica que penetra por el occidente. Las precipitaciones

medias anuales varían entre los 1000 y 2000mm (ombroclimas hámedo e hiperhámedo)

pero presentan un fuerte mínimo en verano, estación en la que las lluvias, casi siempre

de carácter torrencial, no alcanzan los 100mm. La temperatura media de invierno varía

desde los 2ºC en la vertiente norte, hasta los 7^C en la sur; en verano oscila entre los 15

y 20*C, segün vertientes y altitudes. Entre 20 y 80 días al afio se producen heladas.

Bajo estas condiciones, los bosques de Quercus pyrenaica Willd. constituyen la

vegetación potencial del área (Rivas-Martínez 1987), aunque en la actualidad han sido

sustituidos en gran parte del territorio por prados o cultivos forestales (pinos y

castafios); restan, sin embargo, algunos buenos bosques de robles de mediana edad en

ambas vertientes, que han sido objeto de este trabajo.

Metodología - El presente catálogo es fruto del muestreo aleatorio de cinco

bosques de Quercus pyrenaica Willd. localizados a lo largo de ambas vertientes de la

Sierra de Gredos, habiéndose estudiado más de 600 muestras. Los bosques fueron ele-

gidos por su buen estado de conservación, intentando obtener representación de meloja-

res desarrollados en diferentes sectores biogeográficos y pisos de vegetación. De cada

robledal se muestrearon estratificadamente mas de 30 árboles de distintas edades (si

bien en su mayoria se trató de ejemplares medianos: 15-45cm de diámetro a 50cm del

suelo). Se recolectaron cuadrados de 4dm? en exposiciones variadas de diferentes

intervalos verticales: base inferior (0-50cm), base superior (50-100cm), tronco

(>100cm) y ramas.

La relación de briófitos sigue la ordenación y nomenclatura de Grolle (1983)

para las hepáticas y de Corley et al. (1981), Corley & Crundwell (1991) y Casas (1991)

para los musgos. En cada caso se indican los hábitats corticícolas colonizados y la im-

portancia del epífito en ellos, así como las localidades en que fueron hallados mediante

las siguientes abreviaturas:

AD: melojar supramediterráneo de Los Pajonales, La Adrada (Gredos S), 1000-

1100m, 30TUK66.

SE: melojar supramediterráneo de Serranillos (Gredos N), 1200-1350m,

30TUK36.

PO: melojar mesomediterráneo de la Fuente del Roble, Poyales del Hoyo

(Gredos S), 600-800m, 30TUK15.

Source : MNHN, Paris

BRIÓFITOS CORTICÍCOLAS DE GREDOS 163

Fig. 1 - Situación de las localidades de muestreo; La silueta sombreada representa el Sistema Central;

en el área recuadrada se dibuja la curva de nivel 1600 m de la Sierra de Gredos y las cuadrículas

UTM de 30 km de lado de la zona 30T. Las estrellas simbolizan los bosques muestrados: AD, La

Adrada; SE, Serranillos; PO, Poyales del Hoyo; CA, Candeleda; NA, Navalonguilla.

CA: melojar supramediterráneo de la Garganta de Santa María, Candeleda

(Gredos S), 900-1200m, 30TUK15.

NA: melojar supramediterráneo de Navalonguilla (Gredos N), 1100-1300m,

30TTK86.

Las citas que suponen novedades provinciales se indican mediante un asterisco

(*) antepuesto al binomio del taxon correspondiente; aquellas que son sefialadas por

segunda vez para la provincia son acompañadas de la referencia bibliográfica del pri-

mer hallazgo. Los pliegos se encuentran en el herbario de los autores.

CATÁLOGO

Metzgeria furcata (L.) Dum. - AD. Coloniza las bases de los melojos jóvenes y

asciende por el tronco en los de mayor diámetro. Es muy abundante, pero sólo en este

Source : MNHN. Paris

164 F.LARA y V. MAZIMPAKA

bosque. 2a cita provincial (Soria et al. 1987). En otros robledales del Sistema Central,

aparece sólo ocasionalmente como epffito, pudiendo ser localmente abundante en algu-

nos bosques de ribera.

Barbilophozia hatcheri (Evans) Loeske - SE. Aparece en bases inferiores de melojos

jóvenes y medianos en situaciones húmedas. Es la hepática mesófila y epífita más

abundante en este melojar.

Lophozia ventricosa (Dicks.) Dum. - CA. Sólo aparece ocasionalmente en la base infe-

rior de árboles en las situaciones más húmedas.

Lophocolea bidentata (L.) Dum. - CA. Bases inferiores en situaciones húmedas, gene-

ralmente escasa y entremezclada con pleurocárpicos. 2a cita provincial (Arias et al.

1986).

Scapania compacta (A. Roth) Dum. - CA. Sólo apareció en una ocasión en la base

inferior de un melojo en un enclave húmedo.

* Porella obtusata (Tayl.) Trev. - AD, SE. Esporádica en bases. Es poco frecuente en

los robles de todo el Sistema Central.

* Porella platyphylla (L.) Pfeiff. - AD, SE, PO, CA. Generalmente en bases inferiores,

ascendiendo excepcionalmente por el tronco. Es poco abundante como epífita en los

melojares de Gredos.

Frullania dilatata (L.) Dum. - AD, SE, PO, CA, NA. Bases de melojos jóvenes y me-

dianos, ascendiendo al tronco y ramas, pero sólo de forma generalizada en los meloja-

res más occidentales del área. Muy frecuente y abundante en los robledales de la

vertiente meridional de Gredos, relativamente escasa en los de la norte. 2a cita provin-

cial (Soria er al. 1987).

Dicranum scoparium Hedw. - SE, CA, NA. Bases inferiores acompañando a pleuro-

cárpicos, muy escaso. Aparece como epífito en los bosques que sufren una sequía esti-

val menos intensa.

Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid. - CA. Musgo indiferente que sólo se encuentra

ocasionalmente como corticícola en bases inferiores.

Tortula ruralis (Hedw.) Gaertn., Meyer & Scherb. - AD, SE, NA. Bases inferiores, pre-

ferentemente cuando presentan cierta inclinación. Es más frecuente en los bosques de la

vertiente septentrional de Gredos.

Tortula virescens (De Not.) De Not. - CA. Sólo en bases inferiores, muy escaso. 2a cita

provincial (Vicente et al. 1986). En todo el Sistema Central espafiol se encuentra de

forma esporádica en los melojares, sobre todo en robles maduros; es sin embargo fre-

cuente en fresnos y otros árboles de corteza menos ácida.

Tortula laevipila (Brid.) Schwaegr. - AD, PO, NA. Bases y troncos, prefiriendo melo-

jos maduros. Escaso en Gredos.

Tortula subulata Hedw. - SE. Musgo preferentemente terrícola que aparece

esporádicamente en bases inferiores. 2a cita provincial (Soria et al. 1987).

Source : MNHN, Paris

BRIÓFITOS CORTICÍCOLAS DE GREDOS 165

Didymodon insulanus (De Not.) M. Hill - AD, PO, CA. Bases inferiores. Poco fre-

cuente y con escaso recubrimiento. 2a cita provincial (Soria et al. 1987).

* Schistidium apocarpum (Hedw.) B. & S. - AD, SE, PO, CA. Bases y más raramente

troncos. Frecuente pero siempre con muy escaso recubrimiento.

Grimmia laevigata (Brid.) Brid. - AD, PO, CA. Bases y troncos. Musgo muy frecuente

en las rocas graníticas del área, que aparece ocasionalmente en melojos medianos. En el

Sistema Central muestra una sorprendente tendencia epífita en los bosques con acusada

termicidad y sequía estival, siendo un epífito común en El Escorial (López 1990) y en

la vertiente sur de Gredos.

Grimmia pulvinata (Hedw.) Sm. - PO, SE. Base de melojos jóvenes y maduros. Poco

frecuente como epífito.

Grimmia trichophylla Grev. - AD, SE, PO, NA. Bases y más raramente troncos. Es

relativamente frecuente pero siempre escaso. Su comportamiento epífito en el Sistema

Central parece guardar una estrecha relación, como en los dos casos anteriores, con la

intensidad de la aridez estival, siendo más común hacia el occidente de la Cordillera.

Grimmia decipiens (K. F. Schultz) Lindb. - NA. Saxícola que excepcionalmente ha

sido encontrado como epífito en bases de melojo. 2a cita provincial (Casas Sicart

1988).

Bryum capillare Hedw. - AD, SE, PO, CA. Bases inferiores. Aunque poco abundante,

su presencia como epífito es muy constante en los melojares del Sistema Central.

Plagiomnium affine (Bland.) T. Kop. - CA, SE. Siempre en bases inferiores en los lu-

gares más húmedos de estos melojares. Muy escaso. 2a cita provincial (Soria et al.

1987).

Aulacomnium androgynum (Hedw.) Schwaegr. - SE. Sólo en bases inferiores, en

situaciones relativamente húmedas. Raro. 2a cita provincial (Soria et al. 1987).

Bartramia pomiformis Hedw. - CA, SE. Bases inferiores de melojos en situaciones

resguardadas. Raro.

* Orthotrichum lyellii Hook. & Tayl. - AD, SE, PO, CA, NA. Bases y troncos, Fre-

cuente en todo el área, pero más abundante sobre árboles maduros que en melojos

medianos, raro en los jóvenes.

Orthotrichum striatum Hedw. - AD, SE, PO, CA, NA. Es el musgo más abundante

sobre troncos y ramas de melojos jóvenes y medianos (en menor medida en las bases),

dominando las comunidades pioneras. 2a cita provincial (Soria et al. 1987). En el

Sistema Central, esta importancia en las comunidades epífitas pioneras crece clara-

mente hacia el occidente con el aumento de la mediterraneidad, siendo espectacular en

el sur de Gredos.

Orthotrichum acuminatum Philib. - AD, SE, PO, CA, NA. Coloniza preferentemente

troncos de melojos medianos, siendo más escaso en ramas y bases superiores; rara-

Source : MNHN, Paris

166 F.LARA y V. MAZIMPAKA

mente se ha encontrado en la base inferior. Muy frecuente aunque con bajo recubri-

miento en en todo el área (Lara & Mazimpaka 1992).

Orthotrichum ibericum Lara & Mazimpaka - AD, SE, PO, CA, NA. Coloniza prefe-

rentemente los troncos y bases superiores; esporádicamente aparece también en las

ramas altas y en la base inferior. Frecuente sobre robles medianos, en los melojares con

menor aridez estival. El robledal de Serranillos (SE) es el locus classicus de este taxon

(Lara & Mazimpaka 1993),

Orthotrichum affine Brid. - AD, SE, PO, CA, NA. Coloniza esporádicamente bases y

troncos de melojos inmaduros. Poco abundante en Gredos. 2a cita provincial (Soria et

al. 1987). En el Sistema Central su importancia crece espectacularmente hacia el

oriente de la Cordillera, a medida que decrece la intensidad de la sequía estival.

Orthotrichum rupestre Schleich. ex Schwaegr. - AD, SE, PO, CA, NA. Abundante en

las bases inferior y superior de melojos de todas las edades; es más escaso en los tron-

cos y ramas. Su comportamiento epífito en ambientes mediterráneos parece un hecho

generalizado y es constante en todos los robledales del Sistema Central.

Orthotrichum stramineum Hornsch. ex Brid. - CA. Bases inferiores de melojos jóve-

nes. Muy raro en Gredos. 2a cita provincial (Soria et al. 1987). En el Sistema Central,

el extremo oriental de la Cordillera (Sierra de Ayllón) es su área de mayor difusión,

disminuyendo su importancia a medida que aumenta la mediterraneidad.

Orthotrichum tenellum Bruch ex Brid. - AD, PO, CA, NA. Bases y troncos de robles

jóvenes. Frecuente aunque con bajos recubrimientos. 2a cita provincial (Vicente et al.

1986). Este taxon se comporta como vicariante del anterior en el Sistema Central, enra-

reciéndose hacia el oriente de la Cordillera.

* Orthotrichum pumilum Sw. - PO, NA. Ocasional en troncos de pequefio diámetro,

siendo algo más frecuente en árboles maduros.

Orthotrichum diaphanum Brid. - NA. Esporádico en troncos de melojos medianos y

maduros. 2a cita provincial (Vicente et al. 1986).

Hedwigia ciliata (Hedw.) P. Beauv. - AD, SE, PO, CA, NA. Bases inferiores de melo-

jos jóvenes y medianos, ascendiendo raramente por el tronco. Frecuente, aunque es más

escaso en la vertiente septentrional. 2a cita provincial (Soría et al. 1987). Su compor-

tamiento epífito en el Sistema Central se observa desde la Serra da Estrela hasta la Sier-

ra de Guadarrama, siendo menos frecuente con la disminución de la intensidad de la

sequía estival.

* Leucodon sciuroides (Hedw.) Schwaegr. - AD, SE, PO, CA, NA. Bases y troncos de

los melojos de mayor edad, raro en las bases inferiores de los más jóvenes. Muy abun-

dante.

* Antitrichia californica Sull. - AD, SE, PO, CA, NA. Bases inferiores de melojos

jóvenes, dominando las comunidades terminales que se establecen sobre los árboles

maduros. Su abundancia decrece en la vertiente septentrional de Gredos.

Source : MNHN, Paris

BRIÓFITOS CORTICÍCOLAS DE GREDOS 167

Pterogonium gracile (Hedw.) Sm. - AD, PO, CA, NA. Muy abundante sobre árboles

viejos; en los de menos diámetro aparece prácticamente restringido a las bases inferio-

res. Su importancia aumenta hacia el occidente de la Sierra, siendo raro en la vertiente

septentrional. 2a cita provincial (Soria et al. 1987).

* Fabronia pusilla Raddi - AD, PO, CA. Ocasional en bases inferiores de melojos

jóvenes, más frecuente en el tronco de los maduros. Limitado a la vertiente sur de Gre-

dos, no ha sido detectado en el tramo oriental de la Cordillera.

* Habrodon perpusillus (De Not.) Lindb. - AD, PO, CA. Bases y más raramente en

troncos de melojos jóvenes, es frecuente en grandes robles. En los melojares del Siste-

ma Central, queda prácticamente limitado a la vertiente meridional de Gredos, siendo

muy raro hacia el oriente de la Cordillera.

Pterigynandrum filiforme Hedw. - AD. Ocasional en las bases inferiores de árboles

jóvenes de este robledal. Es un musgo frecuente en los melojares de afinidad eurosibe-

riana en el extremo oriental del Sistema Central.

* Claopodium whippleanum (Sull.) Ren. & Card. - PO, CA. Bases inferiores en situa-

ciones protegidas. Relativamente frecuente, aunque raro en el piso mesomediterráneo.

Por los datos de que disponemos (Casas er al. 1985) acerca de este taxon, estas locali-

dades representan su límite oriental en la Cordillera Central.

* Platydictya jungermannioides (Brid.) Crum. - CA. Aparece ocasionalmente, entre-

mezclada con otros musgos pleurocárpicos, en la base inferior de melojos medianos, en

zonas de vaguada de este bosque. En la Península Ibérica, este táxon sólo era conocido

en las montafias del norte de España (Pirineos y Cordillera Cantábrica).

* Isothecium myosuroides Brid. - PO, CA. Bases inferiores de melojos jóvenes. Poco

frecuente. Estas localidades representan su límite oriental como epífito en los melojares

del Sistema Central.

Homalothecium sericeum (Hedw.) B., S. & G. - AD, SE, PO, CA, NA. Bases

inferiores de melojos jóvenes, ascendiendo raramente por el tronco; muy frecuente en

bases de grandes robles.

Brachythecium albicans (Hedw.) B., S. & G. - CA. Ocasional en la base inferior de

melojos, en zonas de vaguada. 2a cita provincial (Soria et al. 1987). Como epífito

aparece esporádicamente en los melojares más hámedos de la Cordillera.

Brachythecium velutinum (Hedw.) B., S. & G. - AD, SE, PO, CA, NA. Bases inferio-

res de árboles jóvenes. Frecuente pero con escaso recubrimiento. 2a cita provincial

(Soria et al. 1987).

* Scleropodium purum (Hedw.) Limpr. - CA. Ocasional en la base inferior de melojos

jóvenes. En el Sistema Central, aparece esporádicamente como epífito en los melojares

más hámedos.

Rhynchostegium confertum (Dicks.) B., S. & G. - AD. Ocasional en la base inferior de

melojos inmaduros. 2a cita provincial (Soria et al. 1987).

Source : MNHN, Paris

168 F.LARA y V. MAZIMPAKA

Rhynchostegium megapolitanum (Web. & Mohr) B., S. & G. - CA. Ocasional en bases

inferiores de melojos de cualquier edad. 2a cita provincial (Soria er al. 1987).

Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. - AD, SE, PO, CA, NA. Es el musgo más importante

en la colonización de bases inferiores de los melojos, ascendiendo raramente por el

tronco en los más jóvenes.

COMENTARIOS

Este catálogo recoge un total de 51 táxones (8 hepáticas y 43 musgos), lo que

supone una alta diversidad en la flora corticícola de los melojares gredenses. Sin em-

bargo, en cada bosque sólo se encuentran, por término medio, alrededor de 28 táxones,

aunque el número puede alcanzar los 38 en las zonas más húmedas y térmicas de la

vertiente sur, Esta elevada riqueza es debida a: 1- el alto número de epífitos ocasiona-

les, en su mayoría de óptimo terrícola, que en situaciones protegidas con alta humedad

(vaguadas, laderas de exposición norte, y otros topografías favorables) llegan a entre-

mezclarse con los pleurocárpicos habituales de las bases inferiores; 2- la aparición, más

o menos regular, de varios táxones de óptimo saxícola sobre los troncos, hecho que

relacionamos con el clima mediterráneo hámedo pero con marcada sequía estival del

área; y 3- el alto número de especies del género Orthotrichum que integran las comuni-

dades pioneras de los robles.

En los árboles jóvenes y medianos (diámetro « 50cm), las comunidades pione-

ras de los troncos y ramas presentan una composición muy constante, con distintas

especies de Orthotrichum (O. striatum, O. acuminatum, O. tenellum, O. ibericum, O.

rupestre, O. lyellii y O. affine) y la xerófita Frullania dilatata, si bien la importancia

relativa de cada taxon varía según las condiciones climáticas reinantes en cada zona de

la Sierra. Sólo esporádicamente se encuentran aquí pleurocárpicos u otras hepáticas,

más comunes en las bases, o incluso acrocárpicos de affinidad saxicola (Grimmia sp.

pl, Schistidium apocarpum, Hedwigia ciliata, ete.). Son precisamente estos últimos los

que caracterizan las comunidades epífitas gredenses frente a las de zonas más orientales

(sierras de Guadarrama y Ayllón). Las bases inferiores, generalmente colonizadas por

Hypnum cupressiforme, Homalothecium sericeum, Brachythecium velutinum y Antitri-

chia californica, son las que presentan mayor variabilidad específica, que no

fisonómica, por albergar gran número de epífitos facultativos de procedencia terrícola o

saxícola. Las bases superiores pueden considerarse una zona de transición, general-

mente dominada por los mismos briófitos que colonizan los troncos, pero donde apare-

cen también, con cierta frecuencia, los pleurocárpicos mesófilos típicos de la base infe-

rior.

Sobre árboles de grandes diámetros (superiores a 50 cm), aparecen comuni-

dades terminales, también de gran homogeneidad, pero absolutamente dominadas por

musgos pleurocárpicos de biotipo cundidor juláceo y afinidad cortico-saxícola

(Leucodon sciuroides, Antitrichia californica, Pterogonium gracile, etc.). A estos los

acompañan algunos de los acrocárpicos de mayor tamaño (Orthotrichum lyellii, O.

rupestre, O. striatum, Tortula ruralis). Los claros de estas comunidades pueden

Source : MNHN, Paris

BRIÓFITOS CORTICÍCOLAS DE GREDOS 169

albergar, sin embargo, musgos menores, como Orthotrichum pumilum, O. diaphanum o

Tortula virescens.

BIBLIOGRAFÍA

ARIAS C., GRANZOW DE LA CERDA 1., MAZIMPAKA V. & RON E., 1986 - Fragmenta Choro-

logica Occidentalia (Bryophyta), 635-651. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 43(2): 436-437.

CASAS C., BRUGUES M., CROS R. & SERGIO C., 1985 - Cartografia de bridfits, I. Barcelona:

Institut d'estudis Catalans, 152 pp.

CASAS SICART C., 1988 - Datos para la brioflora de la Sierra de Gredos. Lazaroa 10: 265-267

CASAS C., 1991 - New checklist of spanish mosses. Orsis 6: 3-26.

CORLEY M.F.V., CRUNDWELL A.C., DULL R., HILL M.O. & SMITH A.J.E., 1981 - Mosses of

Europe and the Azores: an annotated list of species, with synonyms from the recent litera-

ture. J. Bryol. 11: 609-689,

CORLEY M.F.V. & CRUNDWELL A.C., 1991 - Additions and amendments to the mosses of

Europe and the Azores. J. Bryol. 16: 337-356.

GROLLE R., 1983 - Hepatics of Europe including the Azores; an annotated list of species, with

synonyms from the recent literature. J. Bryol. 12: 403-459.

LARA F. & MAZIMPAKA V., 1992 - Más sobre la presencia de Orthotrichum acuminatum Philib.

en la Península Ibérica. Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol. 13(4): 349-354.

LARA F. & MAZIMPAKA V., 1993 - Orthotrichum ibericum sp. nov., a new moss from the Iberian

Peninsula. Nova Hedwigia 56: 263-271.

LÓPEZ M.C., 1990 - Estudio briológico del melojar de La Herrería (San Lorenzo de El Escorial,

Madrid). Memoria de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. 91 pp.

MATEO F.D., ZAFRA M.L. & VARO J., 1990 - Datos sobre el género Orthotrichum Hedw. en la

Península Ibérica. Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol. 11(4): 377-383.

RIVAS-MARTÍNEZ S., 1987 - Memoria del mapa de series de vegetación de España. ICONA-

MAPA, Madrid. 268 pp.

SORIA A., MAZIMPAKA V., RIESTRA P. & RON E., 1987 - Aportaciones al conocimiento de la

brioflora del Puerto del Pico, Sierra de Gredos, Avila. Acta VI Simp. Nac. Bot. Cript.: 619-

628.

VICENTE J., GRANZOW DE LA CERDA I., MAZIMPAKA V. & RON E., 1986 - Contribución al

conocimiento de la flora briológica de la ciudad de Avila. Trab. Dep. Bot. (Madrid) 13: 39-

43.

Source : MNHN, Paris

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol. 1994, 15 (2):171-172 171

THE ASCUS OF GLYPHOPELTIS LIGUSTICA

Einar TIMDAL

Botanical Garden and Museum, University of Oslo, Trondheimsveien 23B,

N-0562 Oslo, Norway.

ABSTRACT - The amyloid tube structure in the tholus of Glyphopeltis ligustica is documented by

photographs.

RESUME - La structure amyloide tubulaire dans le tholus de Glyphopeltis ligustica est documentée

avec photographies.

In a recent paper by Bricaud er al. (1993) the lichen Glyphopeltis ligustica (B.

de Lesd.) Timdal is treated in some detail. Bricaud et al. (1993) are correct in pointing

out the lamellate structure of the tholus, the absence of an ocular chamber, and the

octospory. I have previously studied this lichen (Timdal 1984, 1988) and pointed out its

close similarity with species of Psora Hoffm. I confirm this here: Fig. 1 shows the

amyloid tube structure in European and South African material of G. ligustica.

Fig. 1. - Glyphopeltis ligustica. Ascus in a modified Lugol's solution (water being replaced by 50%

lactic acid) after pretreatment in 10% KOH. a) Spain, Granada, Sierra Nevada, near Valor, Hestmark

& Timdal 5670 (O). b) South Africa, Cape Province, 10 km NE of Clanwilliam, Pakhuis Pass, Brusse

4947 (0). Rule 10 um.

Source : MNHN, Paris

172 E. TIMDAL

As Bricaud et al. (1993: 308) claim that, contrary to my opinion, the tholus of

the ascus in this lichen is uniformly amyloid (ie. lacking the deeper amyloid tube

structure typical of, e.g., Psora), and since the amyloid properties of the ascus is now of

basic importance for the circumscription of genera and families in the Lecanorales, I

could not let Bricaud er al.'s (1993) statement stand unchallenged.

REFERENCES

BRICAUD O., ROUX C., COSTE C. & MENARD T., 1993 - Champignons lichénises et lichénicoles

de la France méridionale: espèces nouvelles et intéressantes (7). Cryptogamie, Bryol.

Lichénol. 14(3): 303-320.

TIMDAL E, 1984 - The delimitation of Psora (Lecideaceae) and related genera, with notes on some

species. Nord. J. Bot. 4: 525-540.

TIMDAL E., 1988 - Glyphopeltis eburina and Xanthopsorella llimonae are Glyphopeltis ligustica,

comb. nov. Mycotaxon 31: 101-102.

Source : MNHN, Paris

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol. 1994, 15 (2): 173-192 173

BIBLIOGRAPHIE BRYOLOGIQUE ET LICHÉNOLOGIQUI

D.LAMY

Laboratoire de Cryptogamie, 12 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris

BRYOPHYTES

Systématique, Nomenclature

94-071 BEDNAREK-OCHYRA H. - The identity of two neglected species of Racomitrium

(Musci, Grimmiaceae) from Patagonia. Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 1993, Suppl., 2(1): 83-90, 4 fig.

(Lab. Bryol., W.Szafer Inst. Bot., Polish Acad. Sci., Lubicz 46, PL-31-512 Kraków).

Descr. de Racomitrium andreaeoides Herz. et de R. plicatum Herz. in Donat considérés

respectivement comme synonymes de R. sudeticum (Funck) Bruch & Schimp. in B., S. & G. et R.

laevigatum Jaeg.

94-072 BUCK W.R. - Notes on Neotropical Pterobryaceae. Brittonia 1991, 43(2): 96-101, 11 fig.

(New York Bot. Gard., Bronx, NY 10458-5126, USA).

Orthostichidium est syn. de Hildebrandtiella (H. guyanensis (Mont.) c.n.). Diagn., descr., ill.

d'Orthostichopsis praetermissa sp. nov., clé aux Orthostichopsis du Nouveau Monde.

94-073 BUCK W.R. and VITAL D.M. - Paranapiacabaea paulista, a new genus and species of

Sematophyllaceae from southeastern Brazil. Brittonia 1992, 44(3): 339-343, 9 fig, 1 tabl.

(Ibidem).

Diagn., descr., ill, de Paranapiacabaea paulista gen. et sp. nov. de l'état de São Paulo

(Brésil). Relations avec les genres Donnellia, Prerogoniopsis et Maguireella. Validation de

Maguireella vulpina (Mont.) Buck (= Neckera).

94-074 BUCK W.R. and SCHÁFER-VERWIMP A. - A reassessment of Schaderobryum

(Sematophyllaceae). Bol. Mus. Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Bot. "1991" 1993, 7(2): 645-654, 4 pl.

(Ibidem).

Schaderobryum est considéré comme syn. d'Acroporium, d'où les comb. nouv.: Acroporium

(C.Müll.) (-Hypnum), A. exiguum (Broth.) (=Sematophyllum). Descr., ill, distr. et taxonom. de

chaque taxon. Les autres Schaderobryum sont placés en syn. d'A. esterellae, sauf S.horeaui qui est

syn. d'Aptychopsis pungifolia.

94-075 CRUM H. - Progress toward understanding Sphagnum Section Sphagnum in Brazil. Adv.

Bryol. 1993, 5: 9-29 (Herbarium, Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1057, USA).

Courtes descr. et notes taxonomiques pour les 18 esp. de Sphagnum sect. Sphagnum au

Brésil. Clé. Au moins deux esp. décrites par Warnstorff pourraient être reconnues, comme la plupart

des 26 esp. placées en synonymie de S. palustre et de S. perichaetiale qui nécessitent des

ré6valuations.

94-076 KARTTUNEN K. - Three proposals to reject misapplied Bryophyte species names.

Taxon 1993, 42(1): 135-139 (Dept. Bot., Univ. Helsinki, Unioninkatu 44, SF-00170 Helsinki).

Proposition de rejeter Jungermannia lanceolata L. 1753, J. byssacea Roth 1800 et J.

alpestris Schleicher ex F. Weber 1825.

Source : MNHN, Paris

174 BIBLIOGRAPHIE

94-077 LARA F. and MAZIMPAKA V. - Orthotrichum ibericum sp. nov., a new moss from the

Iberian Peninsula, Nova Hedwigia 1993, 56(1-2): 263-271, 1 tabl., 4 pl. (Dept. Biol. (Bot.), Fac. Ci,

Univ. Autonoma Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid).

Diagn., descr., ill. d'Orthotrichum ibericum sp. nov. de la Péninsule Ibérique, appartenant au

sous-genre Phaneroporum sect. Leiocarpa.

94-078 NORRIS D.H. and VITT D.H. - Orthotrichum spjutii (Orthotrichaceae) a new species

from the northern Sierra of California. Nova Hedwigia 1993, 56(1-2): 259-262, 9 fig. (Dept. Bot.

& Pl. Pathol., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, Oregon 97333, USA).

Diagn., descr., ill. d'Orthotrichum spjutii sp. nov. de Californie, appartenant à la section

Rupestria.

94-079 OCHYRA R. - Two new species of Grimmia (Musci: Grimmiaceae) from New Zealand.

Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 1993, Suppl. 2(1): 219- 227, 4 fig. (Lab. Bryol., W. Szafer Inst, Bot., Polish

Acad. Sci., Lubicz 46, PL-31-512 Kraków).

Diagn., descr., ill. de Grimmia perpilosa et de G. immersa, espèces nouvelles de l'Ile Sud de

Nouvelle-Zélande. Elles appartiennent au sous-genre Guembelia, CIE aux esp. à capsules sessiles du

sous-genre.

94-080 PURSELL R.A. and BRUGGEMAN-NANNENGA M.A. - Refinements in the

Fissidentaceae (Musci) of Puerto Rico, including Fissidens celatocognatus, sp. nov. Caribbean J.

Sci. 1991, 27(3-4): 185-189, 2 fig. (Dept. Biol., 208 Mueller Lab., The Pennsylvania State Univ.,

University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA).

Fissidens guianensis var. guianensis, F. ornatus, F. intermedius, F. intramarginatus et F.

weirii var. hemicraspedophyllus sont nouv. pour Puerto Rico. Descr. et ill des gemmules

découvertes sur les rhizoïdes axillares de F. stenopteryx Besch. Diagn, descr, ill. de F.

celatocognatus sp. nov.

94-081 SCHUSTER RM. - Studies on Hepaticae. LXII-LXIV. Lepidoziaceae subfam.

Zoopsidoideae (1). Nova Hedwigia 1993, 56(1-2): 35-59, 3 fig. (Cryptog. Lab., Hadley, Mass.

01035, USA).

Délimitation de la sous famille des Zoopsidoideae (limites et tendances évolutives): plantes

de petite taille, et de texture délicate, à cellules à parois toujours fines à quelquefois également

épaissies, généralement anisophylles, feuilles normalement distribuées à insertion de transverse à

succube ou horizontale, oléocorps dans toutes les cellules. Clé aux genres et sous-genres

Pseudocephalozia Schust. subgen. Pseudocephalozia et subgen. Lobulatae (Schust) stat. nov.

(Sect. Lob.); Paracromastigum Fulf, & Tayl. subgen. Paracromastigum, subgen. Hypocladopsis;

Hyalolepidozia S. Arn. sect. Hyalolepidozia, sect. Apolepidozia sect. nov. (esp. type: H. longiscypha

(Hook. & Tayl) Grolle); Zeopsis Hook. subgen. Zoopsis, subgen. Eozoopsis Schust, subgen.

Amphizoopsis subgen. nov. (esp. type: Z ceratophylla (Spr) Schust); Odontoseries Fulf.;

Zoopsidella Schust. subgen. Haylolepidoziopsis Schust., subgen. Hypozoopsis Schust. et subgen.

Zoopsidella; Pteropsiella (Spr. Schiffn. Révision de Zoopsidella Schust: descr. du genre

(évolution), clé aux sous-genres et espêces; descr. des esp. appartenant au sous-genre Zoopsidella

dont Zoopsidella dichotoma sp. nov. de Colombie.

94-082 SJÔRS H. - Sphagnum - a mossy story. Adv. Bryol. 1993, 5: 1-7 (Dept. Ecol. Bot., Upssala

Univ., P.O. Box 559, $-751 22 Upssala).

Rapide historique taxonomique et économique de Sphagnum.

Voir aussi: 94-083 à 94-085, 94-089, 94-115, 94-116, 94-124.

Source : MNHN, Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE 175

Morphologie, Anatomie

94-083 CARRION J.S., ROS R.M., and GUERRA J. - Spore morphology in Pottia starckeana

(Hedw.) C. Müll. (Pottiaceae, Musci) and its closest species. Nova Hedwigia 1993, 56(1-2): 89-

112, 11 pl. (Lab. Palinol., Dept. Biol. veg., Univ. Murcia, Espinardo, E-30071 Murcia).

Microscopies optique et électronique à transmission ou à balayage de la morphologie

sporale du complexe Portia starckeana (P. davalliana, P. commutata, P. mutica). Interprétation

taxonomique. Relations phylogénétiques des Pottiaceae et des Encalyptaceae d'après les caractères

sporaux, Caractéristiques du sporoderme et considérations écologiques et évolution.

94-084 ENGEL J.J. - Studies on Geocalycaceae (Hepaticae). IX. Chiloscyphus perpusillus (Hook.

£. & Tayl.) Engel: a study in novel asexual reproductive strategies. Nova Hedwigia 1993, 56(1-2):

241-246, 2 fig. (Dept. Bot., Field Mus, Nat. Hist., Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA).

Trois modes de reproduction asexuée: lobes de feuilles caduques, gemmes, régénération.

L'espèce est néoténique dans le sens où les gemmules peuvent être produites sur de jeunes

régénérants.

94-085 FRAHM J.P. - Vorkommen und Kennzeichen von Hypnum resupinatum Wils. in

Deutschland. Herzogia 1993, 9(3-4): 373-379, 1 fig. (Univ. Duisburg, FB 6, Botanik, Postfach

101503, D(W)-4100 Duisburg).

Caractéres de la morphol. et de l'habitat distinguant H. resupinatum des autres taxons du

complexe Hypnum cupressiforme.

94-086 IMURA S., HIGUCHI M., KANDA H., and IWATSUKI Z. - Culture of rhizoidal tubers

on an aquatic moss in the lakes near the Syowa Station Area, Antarctica. Proc. NIPR Symp.

Polar Biol. 1992, 5: 114-117, 11 fig. (Bot. Inst., Fac. Sci., Hiroshima Univ., Higashi-hiroshima 724,

Japan).

Voir aussi: 94-071 à 94-074, 94-077 à 94-081, 94-107, 94-115, 94-116, 94-124, 94-126, 94-135.

Cytologie, Ultrastructure

94-087 INOUE S. and HIGUCHI M. - Chromosome numbers of some mosses of Hypnobryales

from Pakistan. In: T. Nakaike and S. Malik, Cryptogamic Flora of Pakistan. Tokyo, 1992, vol. 1:

241-244 (Dept. Biol., Fac. Sci., Kumamoto Univ., Kurokami 2-chome, Kumamoto 860, Japan).

Nombre chromosomique pour 7 esp. récoltées en Himalaya W. Premier comptage pour

Vesicularia reticulata (n=12).

94-088 NEWTON ME. - Cytogenetics of Sphagnum. Adv. Bryol. 1993, 5: 61-78, 8 fig, 1 tabl.

(Bot. Dept., Liverpool Mus., William Brown Street, Liverpool, L3 8EN, UK).

Moins de la moitié des espèces de Sphaignes ont fait l'objet de comptage chromosomique

(actuellement n=19+2m, et/ou 38+4m). Les régions tropicales sont mal étudiées. Lignes de

recherches cytologiques. Première publication d'un diakinêse chez Sphagnum, montrant les chiasma

interstitiels dans au moins 9 bivalents, deux d'entre eux sont cruciformes, et un simple chiasma

terminal dans trois qui sont acrocentriques ou télocentriques,

Voir aussi: 94-108, 94-126.

Génétique, Biologie moléculaire

94-089 DANIELS R.E. - Phenotypic and genotypic variation in Sphagnum. Adv. Bryol. 1993, 5:

31-60, 2 tabl. (Inst. Terrestrial Ecol., Furzebrook Res. Stat., Wareham, Dorset, BH20 SAS, UK).

Source - MNHN, Paris

176 BIBLIOGRAPHIE

L'haploidie, la prédominance de la propagation aséxuée, les restrictions imposées par les

processus naturels dans les systèmes d'hybridation, et l'apparente rareté du succès de la germination

des spores restreignent la génération et la diffusion de la variation génétique. Ces limitations

génétiques sont couplées avec un haut degré de plasticité phénotypique. Ce processus permet

quelques modifications d'adaptation parmi les individus et peut étre vu comme un moyen de réduire

la nécessité de hauts niveaux de variation génétique. Cette diversité à différents niveaux et sous des

influences différentes crée des problèmes pour le taxonomiste et l'amène à se poser la question du

concept d'espèce comme entité de compréhension.

94-090 RIPETSKY R.T. - Characteristics of life cycle and rates of evolution of mosses. Bor.

Zum. (Moscow de Leningrad) 1992, 77(10): 14-23, en russe, rés. angl. (L'vovskoe Otdel. Inst. bot.,

N.G. Kolodnogo, AN Ukranij).

Les électrophorèses de protéines montrent que le niveau de variabilité génétique

intraspécifique chez les mousses est plus grand que celui traditionnellement admis, ceci est dà à la

dominance de l'haplophase dans le cycle de vie. Les cultures monosporiques permettent de penser

que les croisements sont probablement plus répandus parmi les mousses monoiques.

94-091 SAWAHEL W., ONDE S., KNIGHT C., COVE D. - Transfert of foreign DNA into

Physcomitrella patens protonematal tissue by using the gen gun. PI. Molec. Biol. Rep. 1992, 10(4):

314-315 (Gen. Dept., The Univeristy Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.).

94-092 THUMMLER F., DUFNER M., KREIS P. and DITTRICH P. - Molecular cloning of a

naval phytochrome gene of the moss Ceratodon purpureus which encodes a putative light-

regulated protein kinese. Pl. Molec. Biol. 1992, 20: 1003-1017, 2 tabl., 7 fig. (Bot. Inst., Univ.

München, Menzingerstr. 67, D-8000 München).

Physiologie, Chimie

94-093 DAINTY J. and RICHTER C. - Ion Behavior in Sphagnum cell walls. Adv. Bryol. 1993, 5

107-127, 5 fig. (Dept. Bot., Univ. Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario MSS 3B2, Canada).

Révision de la théorie du comportement ionique dans les parois cellulaires de Sphagnum

(modêle Donnan avec acide faible et effets de condensation). Implications du modêle pour

comprendre la signification physiologique et écologique de la grande capacité d'échange de cations

trouvée dans la biomasse de Sphagnum. Il pourrait y avoir un lien entre la condensation de cation

bivalent et à la fois l'absorption d'élements nutritifs et la croissance.

94-094 DHINGRA-BABAR S. - Effect of sucrose on morphogenesis of isolated cells of

Marchantia palmata Nees. Phytomorphology "1991" 1992, 41(1-2): 129-132, 1 fig. (Dept. Bot,

Univ. Delhi, Delhi 110007 India).

94-095 GOODE J.A. and STEAD A.D. - Experimental studies of protonemal morphogenesis in

Sphagnum: the role of growth regulators and the cytoskeleton. Adv. Bryol. 1993, 5: 129-151, 55

fig. (Dept. Biol., Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK).

Révision du développement normal du protonéma, nouvelles informations sur la

régénération et le cytosquelette du protonéma, et les effets des régulateurs de croissance sur le

protonéma de Sphagnum. Les auxines appliquées de façon exogêne stimule la formation de filament

secondaire à partir de plaques; les cytokinines stimulent la formation de bourgeons sur les plaques

protonémales, la présence d'acide absiscique entraine les protonémas à se fragmenter.

94-096 JOHNSON L.C. and DAMMAN A.W.H. - Decay and its regulation in Sphagnum

peatlands. Adv. Bryol. 1993, 5: 249-296, 6 tabl., 8 fig. (Dept. Ecol. & Evolut, Biol., The University

of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3042, USA).

Source : MNHN, Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE. 177

Révision de la décomposition et de sa régulation dans les tourbières à sphaignes. La

microtopographie caractéristique du bombement-cavité des marais tourbeux est maintenue par la

décomposition différentielle des sphaignes occupant ces microhabitats. Les élements organiques ou

inorganiques peuvent influencer la vitesse de cette décomposition, corrélée négativement au contenu

en acide polyuronique. Utilisation de la mesure des flux gazeux pour élucider d'une part l'importance

du type de tourbière sur le contrôle de la décomposition et d'autre part la baisse du pourcentage de

décomposition avec la profondeur en aérobie ou en anaérobie. Recommandations pour de futures

recherches.

94-097 KUNZ S. and BECKER H. - Bibenzy! glycosides from the liverwort Ricciocarpus natans.

Phytochemistry 1992, 31(11): 3981-3983, 1 tabl, 1 fig. (Fachricht, 12.3, Pharmakogn. & Anal,

Phytochem., Univ. Saarlandes, D-6600 Saarbrücken 11).

94-098 MALMER N. - Mineral nutrients in vegetation and surface layers of Sphagnum-

Dominated peat-forming systems. Adv. Bryol. 1993, 5: 223-248, 5 fig., 2 tabl. (Dept. Ecol., Plant

Ecol., Lund Univ., Östra Vallgatan, 14, S-223 61 Lund).

Les macroélements sont accumulés dans les sphaignes soit principalement dans les cellules

à chlorophylle (N, P, K, S) soit sur des sites d'échanges (Mg, Ca). Le fer et quelques microéléments

comme le Cu et le Zn, avec quelques autres (Al, Pb) sont principalement à la surface de la mousse.

Peu de variations interspécifiques dans la concentration de ces éléments. Comparaison avec les

plantes vasculaires.

94-099 RUDOLPH H., HOHLFELD J., JACUBOWSKI S., VON DER LAGE P., MATALOK J.

and SCHMIDT H. - Nitrogen metabolism of Sphagnum. Adv. Bryol. 1993, 5: 79-105, 4 tabl., 10

fig. (Bot. Inst. Christian-Albrechts-Univ. zu Kiel, Biologiezentr., Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098 Kiel).

Révision des connaissances des clés enzymatiques dans le cycle azoté de la

photorespiration, dans l'assimilation de l'ammonium, dans la réduction du nitrate, dans les relations

avec le substrat. Les échanges de cations, les réactions de transamination et les aminoacides libres

sont aussi abordés. Une meilleure connaissance du métabolisme azoté dans les Sphaignes permettra

de mieux évaluer l'impact de la pollution azotée sur les écosystèmes tourbières à Sphaignes.

94-100 RYDIN H. - Mechanisms of interactions among Sphagnum species along water-level

gradients, Adv. Bryol. 1993, 5: 153-185, 1 tabl., 7 fig. (Dept. Ecol. Bot., Uppsala Univ., Box 559, S-

75122 Uppsala).

Révision de la biologie des espêces de Sphagnum habitant les bombements et les cavités, en

se focalisant sur les mécanismes gouvernant la compétion interspécifique et la coexistance de

différents marais tourbeux: études en laboratoires, transplantations. Les expériences suggèrent que de

petites différences existent dans la possibilité de compétition parmi les espèces des cavités, et que

cette capacité peut varier d'une saison à l'autre et selon les années. Perspectives de recherches.

94-101 TOYOTA M. and ASAKAWA Y. - Sesqui- and triterpenoids of the liverwort

Conocephalum conicum. Phytochemistry 1993, 32(5): 1235-1237 (Inst. Pharmacogn., Tokushima

Bunri Univ., Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770, Japan).

Voir aussi: 94-189, 94-195.

Répartition, Ecologie, Sociologie

94-102 AHRENS M., GRÜTTNER A. & PEINTINGER M. - Seltene Moose in den Mooren und

Seerieden des westlichen Bodenseegebietes. Herzogia 1993, 9(3-4): 339-371, cartes

(Vogelsangweg 16, D(W)-7505 Ettlingen).

Source : MNHN, Paris

178 BIBLIOGRAPHIE

Distribution de 2 hépatiques et 40 mousses dans les tourbiêres et en bordure de la partie

ouest du Lac de Constance (Allemagne SW). Noter l'extension de Meesia longiseta et la régression

de certaines espêces depuis le siêcle dernier.

94-103 BARDAT J. (avec la collaboration de AICARDI O., BOUDIER P., PLAT P. et

ROGEON M.) - Contribution à la connaissance de la flore bryophytique de la réserve naturelle

de Grand-Pierre et Vitain (communes de Marolles et Averdon, Loir-et-Cher). Bull. Soc. Bot.

Centre-Ouest n.s., 1992, 23: 491-502, 5 fig. (3 allée des Diziaux, F-91470 Limours).

Résultat des observations par habitat, remarques chorologiques et synécologiques, liste des

taxons.

94-104 BORNKAMM R. - Thirty years of vegetation development in a transplanted meadow

sod. Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 1993, Suppl. 2(2): 597-608, 4 fig., 5 tabl. (Inst. Ecol., Techn. Univ.

Berlin, Rothenburgstr. 12, D-W-1000 Berlin 41).

Suivi de la couverture phanérogamique et bryophytique, entre 1956 et 1986, d'une portion

de prairie humide transplantée à proximité d'une prairie sèche.

94-105 BRIDGEWATER P.B. and CRESSWELL LD. - Phytosociology and phytogeography of

coastal saltmarshes in Western Australia. Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 1993, Suppl. 2(2): 600-629, 22

tabl. (Austral. Natl. Parks and Wildlife Serv., G.P.O. Box 636, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia).

Descr. de 10 nouvelles associations dans la végétation des marais salants en Australie W.

Phytogéographie. Bryophytes citées.

94-106 BUCK W.R. - Miscellaneous notes on Antillean mosses, 3. Braunia (Hedwigiaceae), and

Pseudotaxiphyllum (Hypnaceae) new to the West Indies. Moscosoa 1990, 6: 217-218 (New York

Bot. Gard., Bronx, NY 10458-5126, USA).

94-107 BUCK W.R. and CRUM H. - Notes on Guayana mosses with new information on

Sphagnum ornatum. Brittonia 1993, 45(1): 17-20, 2 fig. (Ibidem).

Descr., ill, distr. de Sphagnum ornatum, récolté au Vénézuela et en Guyane.

94-108 DEGUCHI H. and HIGUCHI M. - Mosses from Nepal collected by Botanical

Expeditions of National Science Museum, Tokyo. 2. Grimmiaceae. Mem. Fac. Sci. Kochi Univ.,

Ser. D (Biol.) 1992, 12: 5-8 (Dept. Biol., Fac. Sci., Kochi Univ., Kochi 780 Japan).

Loc. nombr. chromosomique, distr. de 5 Grimmia, 1 Ptychomitrium et 6 Racomitrium

récoltés au Népal en 1988; 12 d'entre eux sont endémiques de l'Himalaya.

94-109 DUBE S, VILLENEUVE N., GRANDTNER MM. et PLAMONDON AP. - La

végétation et le sol de la forêt hygrophile de Beaurivage (Québec): une analyse écologique de

groupement et d'ordination. Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 1993, Suppl. 2(2): 539-556, 2 fig. 3 tabl.

(Lab. Hydrolog. forest., Local 2130, Pavillon Abitibi-Price, Univ. Laval, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada

GIK 7P4).

Classification de la végétation et relation avec les facteurs édaphiques. Mise en évidence de

13 groupes sociologiques et de 5 types de communautés. Bryophytes et lichens associés.

94-110 FIJALKOWSKI D., LUCZYCKA-POPIEL A. - Zbiorowiska róslinne rezerwatu Nad

Tanwia, Ann. Univ. Mariae Curie-Sktodowska, Sect. C Biol. "1989" 1992, 44: 173-208, 2 fig, 10

tabl. en polonais, rés. angl. et russe.

La réserve Upon Tanew couvre les vallées et les pentes des rivières Jelen et Tanew, soit plus

de 4lha dont 5 sont occupées par des communautés aquatiques et des tourbières. 38 ass. et 2

communautés. Influence de l'homme. Bryophytes associés.

94-111 GIGNAC L.D. - Distribution of Sphagnum species, communities, and habitats in relation

to climate. Adv. Bryol. 1993, 5: 187-222, 2 tabl., 11 fig. (Fac. Saint-Jean, Univ. Alberta, Edmonton,

Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada).

Source : MNHN, Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE 179

Les facteurs limitant la distribution et l'abondance des espèces ne sont pas três définis mais

peuvent étre attribuables à différentes variables climatiques (comparaison esp. océaniques et esp. à

large distribution). De même les communautés de Sphaignes et leurs habitats sont liés à la pluie et à

la température, Utilisation de communautés indicatrices pour prédire le climat.

94-112 GRIMS F. - Verbreitungsmuster von Laubmoosen in Österreich. Herzogia 1993, 9(3-4):

385-414 (Gadern 27, A-4775 Taufkirchen a.d. Pram).

Distribution de 20 mousses représentant différents éléments phytogéographiques en

Autriche.

94-113 HIGUCHI M. - Mosses from Pakistan Collected by Botanical Expedition of National

Science Museum. In: T. Nakaike and S. Malik, Cryptogamic Flora of Pakistan. Tokyo 1992, vol, 1:

245-259 (Bot. Inst., Fac. Sci., Hiroshgima Univ., Kagami-yama, Higashi-hiroshima-shi, Hiroshima-

ken 724, Japan).

Liste des esp. récoltées pendant l'expédition de 1990, avec loc. Buxbaumia minakatae,

Fissidens strictulus, Oncophorus wahlenbergii, Grimmia alpestris, G. montana, G. sessitana, G.

unicolor, Myurella julacea, Anomodon giraldi, Campyliadelphus polygamus, Campylium

sommerfeltii, Drepanocladus aduncus, Brachythecium procumbens, B. wichurae, Bryhnia novae-

angliae, Eurhynchium pulchellum, Pterigynandrum filiforme, Callicladium haldanianum, Hypnum

pallescens, H. subimponens subsp. ulophyllum, Isopterygiopsis muelleriana, Plagiothecium

cavifolium, Taxiphyllum taxirameum, nouv. pour le Pakistan.

94-114 HILL M.O., PRESTON C.D., SMITH A.J.E. - Atlas of the bryophytes of Britain and

Ireland. Volume 3. Mosses (Diplolepideae). Colchester: Harley Books, 1994, 419p., 378 cartes (éd.:

Harley Books, Martins, Great Horkesley, Colchester, Essex CO6 4AH, U.K., ISBN 0-946589-31-3,

prix: £30.00),

Voici le troisième et dernier volume de l'Atlas de distribution des bryophytes en Grande

Bretagne et en Irelande, fruit du travail des professionels comme des amateurs anglo-saxons depuis

30 ans. Malgré tout, l'enregistrement des récoltes continue pour compléter certaines zones mal

explorées ou mieux connaitre certaines espêces délicates. La partie introductive de ce volume est

constituée d'une analyse numérique de la distribution des hépatiques en Grande Bretagne (HILL

MO. and LOZANO F.D): influence des variables physiographiques de l'altitude et des côtes,

reconstruction des facteurs climatiques majeurs bien connus, séparation des caractéres spécifiques

des distributions des espèces à partir de modes généraux standardisés. Le corps central de l'ouvrage

comprend les cartes de répartition des espèces appartenant aux Diplolepideae, avec pour chacune:

notes sur l'habitat, la biologie de la reproduction, la distribution générale. Bibliographie de 8p., liste

des localités citées dans le texte, liste des arbres et arbustes cités, liste des collaborateurs et liste des

espèces de ce troisième volume.

94-115 KARCZMARZ K., ZARNOWIEC J. - Studies on propaguliferous species of Pohlia

Section Pohliella in Poland. Taxonomy and Distribution. Ann. Univ. Mariae Curie-Sklodowska,

Sect. C Biol. " 1989"1992, 44: 143-164, 10 fig., en angl., rés. polonais et russe.

Descr., taxonomie, distr., habitat et écologie des 4 Pohlia sect. Pohliella propaguliferes

présents en Pologne. Clé.

94-116 KARCZMARZ K., ZARNOWIEC J. - Barbula ferruginascens Stirt. (Musci: Pottiaceae)

in Poland. Ann. Univ. Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, Sect. C Biol. "1989" 1992: 44: 165-171, 3 fig., en

angl, rés. polonais et russe.

Taxonomie (syn.), descr., distr. de Barbula ferruginascens en Pologne.

94-117 MARSTALLER R. - Synsystematische Übersich über die Moosgesellschaften

Zentraleuropas. Herzogia 1993, 9(3-4): 513-541 (Friedrich-Schiller-Univ. Jena, Biol. Fak., Inst.

Okol., Neugasse 23, D(O)-6900 Jena)

Source : MNHN, Paris

180 BIBLIOGRAPHIE

Synopsis synsystématique de presque toutes les associations de bryophytes en Europe

Centrale, selon le code de la nomenclature phytosociologique. Indication des espèces caractéristiques

et différentielles de chaque syntaxon.

94-118 MAZIMPAKA V. LARA F, LOPEZ-GARCÍA C. - Données écologiques sur la

bryoflore de la ville de Cuenca (Espagne). Nova Hedwigia 1993, 56(1-2): 113-129, 5 tabl., 5 fig.

(Dept. Biol. (Bot.), Fac. Ci., Univ. Autonoma Madrid, Ciudad Univ. Canto Blanco, E-28049 Madrid).

Exemple de diversité bryofloristique et de distribution des bryophytes dans un milieu urbain

méditérranéen à ombroclimat sec: faible représentation des hépatiques, forte représentation des

mousses acrocarpes plus ou moins toxitolérantes. Facteurs entrant en jeu: humidité atmosphérique,

substrat et activité humaine.

94-119 MÜLLER F. - Moose und Flechten in zwei Naturwaldreservaten (Totalreservaten) im

ústlichen Deutschland. Herzogia 1993, 9(3-4): 543-572, 8 tabl. (Technische Univ. Dresden, Inst.

Bot., Zellescher Wef 19, D(O)-8027 Dresden).

Comparaison des flores et végétations bryophytiques et lichéniques de deux réserves

naturelles forestières (Mecklenbourg- Vorpommern et Thüringe). Effets des facteurs systémiques sur

la présence des mousses et lichens dans de telles réserves. Effets de l'exploitation ou de la non

exploitation des foréts sur les végétations.

94-120 NEUHAUSLOVA Z. and KOLBEK J. - Variability of the association Stellario-Alnetum

in the Czech Republic. Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 1993, Suppl. 2(2): 631-648, 3 tabl. (Inst. Bot., Dept.

Geobot., Acad. Sci. Czech Rep., 252 43 Pruhonice, Czech Republic).

Synthèse du matériel phytocénologique de l'ass. Stellario-Alnietum en République tchèque.

Descr. d'une nouv. sous-ass. Bryophytes associés.

94-121 NIEUWKOOP J. & BISANG I. - Fossombronia incurva Lindb. and Lophozia perssonii

Buch et S. Arn., two new hepaties of the Swiss bryophyte flora. Herzogia 1993, 9(3-4): 381-384

(St. Gerardusplein 22, NL-5644 NG Eindhoven).

94-122 PHILIPPI G. - Die Wassesermoosvegetation am mittleren und unteren Main und seinen

Seitenflüssen. Herzogia 1993, 93-4): 475-511, 10 tabl., 7 fig. (Staatliches Mus. Naturkunde,

Erbprinzenstr. 13, D(W)-7500 Karlsruhe).

Descr. (méthode Braun-Blanquet) des communautés hydrophytique et hydrophile du fleuve

Main entre Bamberg et le Rhin. Influence de l'homme, pollution des eaux, influence de

Teutrophisation de l'eau sur les bryophytes.

94-123 SCHUBERT R. - Vegetationsdynamik von Küstenheinden auf Hiddensee nach Brand

und Abplaggen. Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 1993, Suppl. 2(2): 557-575, 3 tabl., 18 fig. (Eythstr. 28, O-

4050 Halle).

Structure et dynamique de la callunaie côtière après le feu et l'installation d'une plage.

Bryophytes associés.

94-124 SUANJAK M. und KOCKINGER H. - Zur Verbreitung und Okologie der

bulbillentragenden Arten der Gattung Pohlia (Musci, Bryaceae) in der Steiermark. Herzogia

1993, 9(3-4): 683-707, 14 fig. (Inst. Bot., Karl-Franzens-Univ., Holteigasse 6, A-8010 Graz).

Distr. et écol. de 10 esp. propagulifères de Pohlia de Styrie (Autriche). Descr. et ill. des

bulbilles de P. andrewsii, P. muyldermansii var. pseudomuyldermansii, P. proligera et P. tundrae.

Délimitation taxonomique de P. proligera et de P. tundrae. 6 esp. sont nouv, pour la Styrie.

94-125 SWIES F. - Réslinnosé synantropijna Tarnowa. Ann, Univ. Mariae Curie-Sktodowska,

Sect. C Biol. "1989" 1992, 44: 235- 270, 18 tabl., 2 fig. en polonais, rés. angl. et russe.

Descr. de 23 ass. et 9 communautés de plantes synantropiques dans la région de Tarnowa

(Pologne S). Comparaison écol. et phytosociol. Bryophytes associés.

Source : MNHN, Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE 181

94-126 SZWEYKOWSKI J, KOZLICKA M., BUCZKOWSKA K., CHUDZINSKA E. &

BARCZAK H. - Arnellia fennica (Hepaticae, Arnelliaceae) rediscovered in the Tatras. Fragm.

Florist. Geobot. 1993, Suppl. 2(1): 323 -329, 4 fig. (Dept. Genetics, Fac. Biol., Adam Mickiewicz

Univ. Dabrowskiego 165, PL-60-594 Poznan).

Descr., cytologie (n=9), ill, habitat d'Arnellia fennica rerouvée dans les Tatras.

94-127 WAWER M. - Roslinnosc projektowanego rezerwatu Debica w wojewodztwie lubelskim.

Ann. Univ. Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, Sect. C Biol. "1989" 1992, 44: 219-224, 1 fig., 2 tabl., en

polonais, rés. angl. et russe.

Caractéristiques géobotaniques de la réserve Debica, près de Lublin. Bryophytes associés.

94-128 WERNER J. - Die Moosflora des Buntsandsteingebietes nördlich von Trier (Rheinland-

Pfalz). Herzogia 1992, 9(1): 115-139, 4 fig., 1 tabl. (32 rue Michel Rodange, L-7248 Bereldange).

301 taxons ont été reconnus au Nord de Trier; analyse écologique et phytogéographique.

Redécouverte de Campylostelium saxicola.

94-129 WERNER J. - Leptodontium gemmascens (Mitt. ex Hunt) Braithw. (Musci) dans

l'Oesling luxembourgeois. Dumortiera 1992, 52: 10 (Ibidem).

Voir aussi: 94-072 à 94-074, 94-077 à 94-081, 94-085, 94-100, 94-135, 94-182, 94-183, 94-189, 94-

194.

Activité humaine, Pollution

94-130 GODZIK B. and SZAREK G. - Heavy metals in mosses from the Niepolomice Forest,

southern Poland - changes in 1975-1992. Fragm. Florist. Geobot, 1993, 38(1): 199-208, 4 fig., 3

tabl. (Dept. Ecol., W.Szafer Inst. Bot., Polish. Acad. Sci., Lubicz 46, PL-31-512 Kraków).

Suivi du contenu en métaux lourds (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb et Cd) chez 15 populations de

Pleurozium schreberi provenant de la forét Niepolomice, région polluée par la présence d'une usine

métallurgique à l'est de Kraków.

94-131 LEE J.A, PARSONS A.N. and BAXTER R. - Sphagnum species and polluted

environments, past and future. Adv. Bryol. 1993, 5: 297-313, 6 fig. (Dept. Environm. Biol., The

University, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK).

Révision des changements dans quelques écosystémes tourbiéres en Europe dus à la

pollution atmosphérique du soufre par le passé, et de ceux occasionnés (réponses physiologiques et

croissance) par celle de l'azote actuellement, Il s'avère que les sphaignes ombrotrophiques sont les

plus sensibles aux changements de dépôts d'éléments dûs à la pollution atmosphérique.

94-132 SERGIO C., SIM-SIM M., & FIGUEIRA R. - Quantificação da deposição de metais

pesados em Portugal, atraves da analise de briofitos. (Apresentação dos resultados finais de um

programa piloto para Portugal). Lisboa: Direcção-Geral da Qualidade do Ambiente, 1993, 69p.,

32 fip, 4 tabl. (aut: Mus., Lab. & Jard. Bot, Rua de Escola Politecnica, P-Lisboa Codex; éd.:

Direcção Geral da Qualidade do Ambiente, Avenida Alm. Gago Coutinho, 30, P-1000 Lisboa, ISBN

972-9392-07-2).

Quantification des métaux lourds (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) au Portugal au moyen de

l'analyse de bryophytes: Hypnum cupressiforme, Scleropodium touretii, Frullania dilatata. 179

stations de récoltes pour les deux mousses et 134 stations pour l'hépatique. Traitements statistiques et

cartographiques. Travail pionnier au Portugal qui servira de base au suivi de qualité de l'air dans le

pays et en comparaison avec l'Europe.

Voir aussi: 94-110, 94-118, 94-119, 94-122.

Source : MNHN, Paris

182 BIBLIOGRAPHIE

Ouvrages généraux

94-133 Botanostephane Kornasiana. Botanical contributions presented to Jan Kornas in

celebration of his 70th birthday. Edited by OCHYRA R. and STUCHLIK L. Kraków: W. Szafer

Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, 1993, 2 volumes, vol.1: [I}-VI, [1]-384; vol. 2: [1)-

V, [385]-759, ill. [Fragm. Florist. Geobot., Suppl. 2] (6d.: Publishing office, W. Szafer Inst. Bot.,

Polish Acad. Sci., Lubicz 46, PL-31-512 Kraków, ISBN 83-85444-14-9, prix: US $77.00).

"Botanostephane Komasiana" comprend 50 contributions de 68 auteurs présentées en

l'honneur des 70 ans de J. Kornas, éminent botaniste polonais. 4 articles sont consacrés à la vie et à

l'oeuvre de J. Kornas. Professeur de 1953 à 1964 au Szafer Institute of Botany, J. Kornas dirigeait le

laboratoire de géographie des plantes. A peu prés 7096 de l'ouvrage sont consacrés à des articles

taxonomiques et phytogéographiques concernant les fougeres, les plantes vasculaires, les bryophytes

et les lichens; des études phytosociologiques, écologiques et de protection de la nature forment le

restant des contributions. Un index (31p.) des auteurs et des noms latins complêtent l'ouvrage.

94-134 MILLER N.G. - Biology of Sphagnum. Advances in Bryology 1993, 5: i-viii, 1-337, ill. (éd

sci.: Biological Survey, New York State Museum, Albany, USA; éd.: Gebr. Borntraeger Verlagsb.,

Johannesstr. 3A, D-70716 Stuttgart, ISBN 3-443-52003-0, prix: 180.-DM).

Cet ouvrage sur la Biologie des Sphaignes, fait suite au Symposium organisé par R. Daniels

en 1991 à Exeter. Les 13 articles formant le corps de l'ouvrage font le point sur la systématique du

genre Sphagnum (incluant les problemes inhérents aux inventaires des bryoflores peu connues, et à

la compréhension de la variation des populations), la cytogénétique et la physiologie (métabolisme

de l'azote; interrelation du comportement ionique, capacité à échanger des cations, pH ambiant), la

biologie cellulaire (développement du protonéma), l'autoécologie et l'écologie des communautés

(capacité à retenir leau, interactions entre les espêces, pourcentages différentiels de la

décomposition), le processus des écosystèmes (nutrition minérale des systèmes dominés par

Sphagnum, réponses physiologiques des Sphaignes aux dépôts atmosphériques), la correlation entre

les lieux où se développent les Sphaignes et le climat régional et l'économie botanique des tourbières.

Le rôle des tourbières dans les écosystèmes existant est aussi évoqué. Ces articles devront

permettrent de mieux comprendre les problèmes qui demeurent et ceux qui ont été élucidés dans les

récentes décades quant aux sphaignes. Bibliographie par chapitre. Index.

94-135 NYHOLM E. - Illustrated Flora of Nordic Mosses. Fasc. 3. Bryaceae - Rhodobryaceae -

Mniaceae - Cinclidiaceae - Plagiomniaceae. Copenhagen and Lund: Nordic Bryological Society,

1993, pp. 145-244, fig. 109-208 (aut.: Nat. Hist. Mus., Crypt. Bot., S-10405 Stockholm; éd.: Editorial

Office, Ecology Building, $-223 62 Lund, ISBN 87-7001-195-8, prix: DKK 180.-).

Descr, ill, distr, habitat de chaque taxon des Bryaceae, Rhodobryaceae, Mniaceae,

Cinclidiaceae et Plagiomniaceae présents en Suède, Norvège, Finlande, Danemark; clés aux genres et

aux espèces.

Documentation, Histoire des Sciences

94-136 DE FOUCAULT Br. - Les plantes et leurs noms: essai de phytonomie structurale.

Dissertationes botanicae 1993, 201, 64p. (aut: Dept. Bot., Fac, Pharmacie, BP 83, F-59006 Lille

Cedex; éd.: Gebr. Borntraeger Verlagsb., Johannesstr. 3A, D-70176 Stuttgart, ISBN 3-443-64113-X,

prix: 50.-DM).

La problématique abordée dans cet essai est la création nomenclaturale: le passage du

signifié (le taxon) au signifiant (l'étiquette nomenclaturale). 3 parties: la nomenclature linnéenne

binaire ou nom scientifique (et les lois qui s'en dégagent), la nomenclature vernaculaire, une synthêse

comparative (les lois scientifiques sont-elles valables pour le vernaculaire?). L'invariance sous-tend

la distinction entre homonyme et synonyme et la classification structurale. L'invariance apparait

Source : MNHN, Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE 183

comme un processus essentiel dans les fonctionnements cognitifs des hommes, le plus souvent à leur

insu d'ailleurs.

94- 137 TURNER R.G. - Peat and people: a review. Adv. Bryol. 1993, 5: 315-328, 1 tabl., 3 fig.

(Fisons Pl. Horticulture Division, Levington Res. Stat., Levington, Ipswich, Suffolk IP10 ONG, UK).

Révision des différents usages (médecine, agriculture, horticulture, génération d'énergie,

afforestation) de la sphaigne et de la tourbe par l'homme, inhérents à ses propriétés (contenu

énérgétique, constituants chimiques, propriété fibreuses et absorbantes). Perspectives.

Voir aussi: 94-082, 94-133.

LICHENS

Systématique, Nomenclature

94-138 ARCHER A.W. and ELIX J.A. - Further new species and new reports of Pertusaria

(lichenized Ascomycotina). Mycotaxon 1992, 45: 417-431, 6 fig, 1 tabl. (Natl. Herb. New South

Wales, Royal Bot. Gard., Sydney, NSW Australia 2000).

Diagn., descr., ill. de Pertusaria aspera, P. atromaculata, P. globospora, P. paradoxica, P.

planaica, P. saltuensis, P. subplanica, P. whinrayii, P. xylophes sp. nov. En outre 6 esp. sont nouv.

pour l'Australie. Noter nouv, syn.

94-139 BREUSS O. - Studien über die Flechtengattung Catapyrenium (Verrucariaceae) IV. Eine

neue Art aus der Mongolei. Linzer Biol. Beitr. 1992, 24(2): 813-815 (Naturhist. Mus., Bot. Abt.,

Burgring 7, A-1014 Wien).

Diagn, descr. de Catapyrenium imitans sp. nov. de Mongolie, Noter Catapyrenium

krylovianum (M.P. Tomin) c.n. (=Dermatocarpon).

94-140 BREUSS O. - Zwei neue Flechtentaxa aus der Türkei. Österr. Z Pilzk. 1993, 2: 7-10, 2 fig.

(Ibidem).

Diagn., descr., ill. de Catapyrenium endocarpoides sp. nov. et de Placopyrenium bucekii

var. triseptatum var, nov, de Turquie.

94-141 BREUSS O. - Studien über die Flechtengattung Catapyrenium (Verrucariaceae) V.

Einige Arten aus dem südlichen Afrika. Linzer Biol. Beitr. 1993, 25(1); 339-346 (Ibidem)

5 esp. de Catapyrenium sont rapportées d'Afrique du Sud, dont C. kaernefeltii sp. nov.

Dermatocarpon deserti est syn. de C. acarosporoides, Catapyrenium semaforonense, C.

squamulosum et C. tenellum sont nouv. pour l'Afrique du Sud. Taxonomie et distribution de chaque

taxon.

94-142 BREUSS O. - Eine neue corticole Verrucaria-Art (lichenisierte Ascomyceten,

Verrucariaceae) aus Österreich, Linzer Biol. Beitr. 1993, 25(2): 657-659, 1 fig. (Ibidem).

Diagn., descr., ill. de Verrucaria tuerkii sp. nov. d'Autriche, lignicole.

94-143 BRUSSE F. - Two new species in the Agyriaceae (Lichenized Ascomycotina,

Lecanorales) from Southern Africa. Bothalia 1991, 21(2): 154-156, fig. 7-10.

Diagn., descr., ill. de Trapelia rediniva et Trapeliopsis parilis esp. nouv.

94-144 DOMBROVSKAYA A.V. - Stereocaulon alpestre comb. nov. (Lichenes,

Stereocaulaceae). Bot. Zurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 1992, 77(7): 98-99, en russe (Pljarno-Al'pinskij

bot., Sad. Inst., Kirovsk).

Stereocaulon alpestre (Flot.) c.n. (=St. tomentosum var. al.)

Source : MNHN, Paris

184 BIBLIOGRAPHIE

94-145 EGEA J.M. and APTROOT A. - Lecanactis stellaris, a new lichen from French Guiana.

Mycotaxon 1992, 45: 93-96, 4 fig., 1 tabl. (Dept. Biol. veg., (Bot), Fac. Biol., Univ. Murcia, Campus

de Espinardo, E-30071 Murcia).

Diagn., descr., ill. de Lecanactis stellaris sp. nov., affine de L. abietina.

94-146 GIERL C. & KALB K. - Die Flechtengattung Dibaeis. Eine Übersicht über die

rosafrüchtigen Arten von Baeomyces sens. lat. nebst Anmerkungen zu Phyllobaeis gen. nov.

Herzogia 1993, 9(3-4): 593-645, 34 fig. (Univ. Regensburg, Inst. Bot., Postfach 101042, D(W)-8400

Regensburg).

Les esp. avec des apothécies roses du genre Baeomyces s. lat. sont séparées dans le genre

Dibaeis Clem. (divisé en subgen. Dibaeis et subgen. Apoda). D. baeomyces a une distr. holarctique.

13 autres esp. sont présentes sous les tropiques, dont 6 nouv. esp.: D. birmensis, D. globulifera, D.

inaequalis, D. umbrelliformis, D. cretacea, D. sorediata, D. stipitata, Comb. nouv.: D. absoluta

(Tuck.) (=Baeomyces), D. arcuata (Stirt.) =(Baeomyces), D. columbiana (Vain.) (=Baeomyces), D.

fungoides (Sw. (=Lichen), D. holstii (Müll. Arg) (=Baeomyces), D. pulogensis (Vain)

(=Baeomyces), D. weberi (Thoms.) (=Baeomyces). Clé aux taxons connus de Dibaeis, descr., distr.

de chaque taxon. Les esp. à apothécies brunes de Baeomyces s. lat. sont conservées dans deux

genres: Bacomyces Pers.: Fr. (esp. à thalle crustacé et contenant de l'acide stictique comme substance

principale) et Phyllobaeis gen. nov. (esp. à thalle squamuleux-foliacé contenant de l'ac. norstictique;

P. imbricata (Hook. in Kunth) c.n. (Baeomyces) (esp. type), P. erythrella (Mont.) (=Biatora), P.

rubescens (Vain.) (-Baeomyces) et P. rhodochroa (Krempelh.) (=Baeomyces)). Relations de ces trois

genres avec Icmadophila, Knightiella et Pseudobaeomyces. Descr. de Cornutispora ciliata sp. nov.

coelomycète parasite de Dibaeis cretacea.

94- 147 GIRALT M., OBERMAYER W. & MAYRHOFER H. - Rinodina poeltiana spec. nova

(lichenized Ascomycetes, Physciaceae), a new corticolous blastidiate species from Austria.

Herzogia 1993, 93-4): 709-714, 1 fig. (Dept. Pl. Biol, Univ. Barcelona, Diagonal 645, E-08071

Barcelona).

Diagn., descr. ill. de Rinodina poeltiana sp. nov. d'Autriche; affinités avec taxons proches,

clé aux esp. de Rinodina corticoles, blastidiées et sorédiées en Autriche.

94-148 GIRALT M., POELT J. & SUANJAK M. - Die Flechtengatttung Vezdaea mit V. cobria

spec. nov. Herzogia 1993, 9(3-4): 715-724, 2 fig. (Ibidem).

Diagn., descr, ill de Vezdaea cobria sp. nov., caractérisée par ses petits goniocystes

incluant une seule cellule algale, ses petites ascocarpes et ses grandes ascospores. Clé aux Vezdaea

connus.

94-149 HAFELLNER J. - Die Gattung Pyrrhospora in Europa. Eine erste Übersicht mit einem

Bestimmungsschlüssel der Arten nebst Bemerkungen zu einigen aussereuropäischen Taxa

(lichenisierte Ascomycotyna, Lecanorales). Herzogia 1993, 93-4): 725-747 (Inst. Bot, Karl-

Franzens-Univ., Holteigasse 6, A-8010 Graz).

Synopsis et clé aux esp. européennes de Pyrrhospora, et quelques remarques sur des esp.

extra-Européennes. Position du genre parmi les Lecanoraceae. Comb. nouv.: Pyrrhospora

amagiensis (Rás.) (=Protoblastenia), P. elabens (Fr) (=Lecidea), P. subcinnabarina (Tønsberg)

(eLecidea), P. catillaria (Wainio) (=Arthonia), P. griseococcinea (Nyl. in Hue) (=Lecidea), P.

manipurensis (K. Singh) (=Catillaria), P. petraeoides (Nyl. ex Bab. & Mitt.) (=Lecidea), Biatora

anthracophila (Nyl.) (-Hypocenomyce), Biatora foveata (Timdal) (=Hypocenomyce).

94-150 HAFELLNER J. - Über Funde von lichenicolen Pilzen und Flechten im südlichen

Norwegen. Herzogia 1993, 9(3-4): 749-768, 5 fig. (Ibidem).

Source : MNHN, Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE 185

61 esp. de champignons lichénicoles et de lichens de Norvêge S, dont nouveautés pour la

région et pour la Scandinavie. Nouv. esp.: Cercidospora cecidiiformans, Sagediopsis fissurisedens,

Sphaerellothecium minutum. Descr. de Sagediopsis subgen. Hawksworthiella subgen. nov.

94-151 HAFELLNER J. und NAVARRO-ROSINÉS P. - Llimoniella gen. nov. - eine weitere

Gattung lichenicoler Discomyceten (Ascomycotina, Leotiales). Herzogia 1993, 9(3-4): 769-778, 1

tabl., 11 fig. (Ibidem).

Diagn., descr,, ill de Llimoniella gen. nov., lichénicole, dont l'esp. type est L. scabridula

(Müll. Arg.) (=Lecidea) et comprenant aussi L. adnata sp. nov. Affinités avec les autres genres des

Leotiales.

94-152 HOLTAN-HARTWIG J. - The lichen genus Peltigera, exclusive of the P. canina group,

in Norway. Sommerfeltia 1993, 15: 1-77, 93 fig., 7 tabl. (aut.: Bot. Inst., Univ. Bergen, Allégt. 41, N-

5007 Bergen; éd.: Bot. Gard. and Mus., Trondheimsveien 238, N-0562 Oslo 5, ISSN 0800-6865,

prix: 140,-NOK).

Morphologie, chimie, écol. et distrib, en Norvêge des 17 esp. de Peltigera, sauf le groupe P.

canina. Clé aux esp. Descr. d'une nouv. esp.: P. sp. 1, appartenant au groupe P. aphthosa. P.

retifoveata est nouv. pour la Norvege. Descr. de différents morphotypes de P. aphthosa, P. malacea

et P. neopolydactyla, et de différents chémotypes de P. aphthosa, P. elisabethae, P. horizontalis, P.

malacea, P. neopolydactyla, P. scabrosa et P. sp. 1; correlations entre certains morphotypes et cert.

chémotypes, mais ils n'ont pas été considérés comme des entités taxonomiques. Mise en évidence de

relations étroites entre P. aphthosa, P. britannica et P. malacea.

94-153 KUROKAWA S. and LAI M.J. - Allocetraria, a new lichen genus in the Parmeliaceae.

Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus., Ser. B (Bot) 1991, 172): 59-65, 3 fig. (Tsukuba Bot. Gard., Natl. Sci. Mus.,

Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan).

Diagn., descr. ill. d'Allocetraria gen. nov., endémique des zones alpines de l'Hymalaya et de

Xizang. Ce nouv. genre comprend l'esp. type: A, stracheyi (Bab.) c.n. (=Evernia), et 2 esp.: A.

ambigua (Bab.) c.n. (=Cetraria) et A. isidiigera sp. nov.

94-154 LUMBSCH ELT. and FEIGE G.B. - Comments on the Exsiccat "Lecanoroid lichen". I.

Mycotaxon 1992, 45: 473-488, 1 tabl., 15 fig. (Bot. Inst., Univ. Essen, Postfach 103 764, D-4300

Essen 1).

Taxon., chimie des espèces distribuées. Diagn., descr. de Lecanora haywardiorum sp. nov.

d'Australie. Nouv. Syn.

94-155 MATTSSON J.E. - A monograph of the genus Vulpicida (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycetes).

Opera Botanica 1993, 119: 1-61, 11 tabl., 37 fig. (aut.: Dept. Syst. Bot., Univ. Lund, óstra Vallgata

18-20, 8-223-61 Lund; éd.: Nord. J. Bot., Secretary, Botanical Museum, Gothersgade 130, DK-1123

Copenhagen K, ISBN 87-88702-75-8).

Délimitation et nomenclature du genre Vulpicida JE. Mattsson & MJ. Lai, comprenant 6

esp: V. canadensis, V. juniperinus, V. pinastri, V. tilesii, V. tubulosus, V. viridis. L'anatomie et

l'ontogénie des ascomata, les composés secondaires, les isozymes sont comparés à l'intérieur du

genre. L'écologie, la distribution et l'évolution du genre sont discutées et comparées avec celles

d'autres genres de lichens. Position systématique du genre en s'appuyant sur des méthodes

cladistiques. Clé. Proposition de Vulpicida pinastri var. soralifera (Frey) comb. nov. (= Cetraria

caperata var.). Index des taxons cités.

94-156 MAYRHOFER H., SCHIEDEGGER Ch. and SHEARD J.W. - On the taxonomy of five

saxicolous species of the genus Rinodina (lichenized Ascomycetes). Nord. J. Bot. 1992, 12(4): 451-

459, 8 fig. (Inst. Bot., Karl-Franzens-Univ. Graz, Holteigasse 6, A-8010 Graz).

Source : MNHN, Paris

186 BIBLIOGRAPHIE

Taxonomie, écol., distr. de Rinodina deflectans, R. interjecta (Müll. Arg.) c.n. (=Buellia), R.

rinodinoides (Anzi) c.n. (-Buellia), R. tephraspis et R. thrachitica. Nouv. syn. pour les esp. étudiées.

94-157 ROPIN K. und MAYRHOFER H. - Zur Kenntnis corticoler Arten der Gattung Rinodina

(lichenisierte Ascomyceten) in den Ostalpen und angrenzenden Gebieten. Herzogia 1993, 9(3-4):

779-835, 24 fig. (Inst. Bot., Karl-Franzens-Univ. Graz, Holteigasse 6, A-8010 Graz).

Clé, taxonomie, descr., ill., distr. des 13 taxons corticicoles et lignicoles du genre Rinodina à

ascospores bicellulaires, et présents dans les Alpes orientales (exception faite des esp. à thalles à

isidies ou à sorédies et de R. colobina). Proposition de R. glauca nom. nov. pour R. ramulicola

Kernst. ex Arnold. Nouv. syn. pour R. exigua.

94-158 TORRENTE P. and EGEA J.M. - New species of Opegrapha from South Western

Europe and Northern Africa. Mycotaxon 1992, 45: 83-92, 2 tabl., 9 fig. (Dept. Biol. Veg. (Bot),

Fac. Biol., Univ. Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, E-30071 Murcia).

Diagn., descr. ill. d'Opegrapha confertoides, O. lusitanica sp. nov. du Portugal, et d'O.

xerica du Maroc. Comparaison avec les esp. voisines.

Voir aussi: 94-161, 94-165, 94-169, 94-170, 94-172, 94-184.

Morphologie, Anatomie

94-159 BRICAUD O. et ROUX Cl. - Les apothécies de Bacidia viridifarinosa Coppins et P.

James. Bull. Soc. Linn. Provence, 1993, 44: 111-116, 6 fig., 1 tabl. (Inst. médit. Ecol. & Paléoécol.,

Fac. Sci. Techn. St Jérôme, F-13397 Marseille Cedex 20).

Description des apothécies de Bacidia viridifarinosa, taxon nouy. pour la France.

94-160 LUMBSCH H.T., SCHUSTER G., ELIX J.A., and NASH III T.H. - The epicortical

structure of the lichen genus Psiloparmelia (Parmeliaceae: Ascomycotina). Mycotaxon 1992, 45:

489-494, 6 fig. (Bot. Inst., Univ. Essen, Postfach 103 764, D-4300 Essen 1).

94-161 ROUX CL, BRICAUD O. - Studo de la genro Strigula (Lichenes, Strigulaceae) en S-

Francio graveco de la makrokonidioj. Bull. Soc. Linn. Provence 1993, 44: 117-134, 9 fig., 1 tabl.,

en espéranto, rés. français et en espéranto. (Inst. médit. Ecol. & Paléoécol., Fac. Sci, & Techn. St

Jéróme, F-13397 Marseille Cedex 20).

Etude des espèces du genre Strigula de France méridionale et plus particulièrement de leurs

macroconidies possédant un appendice mucoide à chacune de leur extrémité. Implication

taxonomique de ce caractère. Clé de détermination des 13 esp. de Strigula signalées dans la moitié

sud de la France, 4 esp. sont proposées à titre provisoire.

Voir aussi: 94-138 à 94-143, 94-145 à 94-148, 94-150 à 94-155, 94-157, 94-158, 94-169, 94-170,

94-178, 94-180, 94-181, 94-183, 94-184.

Génétique

94-162 KASHEVAROV G.P. - Gene systematics of species of the Cladoniaceae family

(Lichenes). Ukrajins'k. Bot. Zurn. 1992, 49(5): 96-99, 3 fig., 2 tabl., en ukrainien, rés. angl. (Inst

Bot., M.G. Kolodnogo, AN Ukrajin., Kiev).

4-155.

Voir aussi:

Source : MNHN, Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE 187

Physiologie, Chimie

94-163 BARTOK K., NICOARA A., VICTOR B., TIBOR O. - Biological responses in the lichen

Xanthoria parietina transplanted in biomonitoring stations. Rev. Roum. Biol. Ser. Biol. Vég. 1992,

37(2): 135-142, 1 tabl., 4 fig. (Biol. Res. inst. Str. Republicii 48, R-3400 Cluj-Napoca).

Dans la zone trés polluée de FMR, Dej town, des Xanthoria parietina ont été transplantés à

différentes distances de la source de polluants (MgO, F,O,, AI20,, CeO,, etc.): suivi des contenus en

chlorophylle a, de la respiration, de l'accumulation des métaux lourds.

94-164 CUNY D. - Contribution à l'étude de la chimie et du développement de Diploschistes

muscorum. Bull. Inf. Assoc. Franç. Lichénol. "1993" 1994, 18(2): 13-21, 7 fig. (Dept. Bot. &

Cryptog., Fac. Pharmacie, BP 83, F-59006 Lille Cedex).

Róle des acides lichéniques dans le développement de Diploschistes muscorum.

94-165 FOLLMANN G, HUNECK S, SCHULZ M, SANCHEZ-PINTO L. - Neue

Untersuchungen zur Ausstattung der Roccellaceen mit sekundären Inhaltsstoffen. Herzogia

1993, 9(3-4): 653-668, 2 fig. (Bot. Inst., Universität Köln, Gyrhofstr. 15, D(W)-5000 Köln 41).

Premières observations de certaines substances lichéniques: acide orsellinique pour Dirina

paradoxa, ac. compsoromique pour Pentagenella fragillima, ac. lecanorique pour Roccella

atacamanesis, acetylportentol et roccelline pour Roccella galapagoensis, acd. roccellique pour

Roccella linearis, meso-erythritol et roccelline pour Roccellina cerebriformis, dimethylester de l'ac.

di-O-methylpannarique, ac. norschizopeltique et skyrine pour Roccellina luteola, ac. protocétrarique

pour Roccellodea nigerrima. Certains taxons ont des contenus constants d'autres de grandes

variabilités, Diagn. de Roccella atacamensis sp. nov.

94-166 GRODZINSKA K., GODZIK B. & SZAREK G. - Heavy metals and sulphur in lichens

from southern Spitsbergen. Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 1993, Suppl. 2(2): 699-708, 5 fig. 2 tabl

(Dept. Ecol., W. Szafer Inst. Bot., Polish Acad. Sci., Lubicz 46, PL-31-512 Kraków).

Concencentration de Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn et S dans 15 esp. lichéngiues de différentes loc. du

Spistberg S. Les différences observées entre les différentes esp. et les localités dépendent des

conditions géologiques et climatiques spécifiques à la région Arctique. Le transport de polluants

passant dans cette zone n'est pas à négliger.

94-167 HALLINGBACK T. and KELLNER O, - Effects of simulated nitrogen rich and acid

rain on the nitrogen-fixing lichen Peltigera aphthosa (L.) Willd. New Phytol. 1992, 120(1): 99-

103, 4 tabl., 1 fig, ( Dept. Ecol. & Environm. Res., Swed. Univ. Agric. Sci., P.O. Box 7072, S-75007

Uppsala).

L'azote en solution neutre a un effet non négatif sur le pourcentage de fixation de l'azote par

Je lichen, tandis que l'acide sulfurique a un effet négatif, surtout en combinaison avec l'ammonium.

Implication dans le déclin de Peltigera aphthosa en Suede.

94-168 HUNECK S. & ELIX J.A. - The chemistry of the lichens Anamylopsora pulcherrima and

Tephromela armeniaca. Herzogia 1993, 9(3-4): 647-651, 1 tabl, 1 fig. (Inst, Pl, Biochem.,

Weinberg 3, PF 250, D(O)-4050 Halle/Saale).

‘Acide alectorialique, alectorialine et 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methylphthalide chez Anamylopsora

pulcherrima. Les mémes composés et les acides roccellique et barbatolique chez Tephromela

armeniaca.

94-169 PAUS S. - Erganzungen zur Verbreitung der Flechte Cetraria ericetorum Opiz in

Nordwestdeutschland. Herzogia 1993, 9(3-4): 585-592, 1 fig., 1 tabl. (AG Geobot,, Inst, Bot. & Bot.

Gart, Westf. Wilhelms-Univ., Schlossgarten 3, D(W)-4400 Münster).

Distr., hab. et communauté de Cetraria ericetorum en Allemagne NW; analyses chimiques

et morphol. confirmant le rang d'espèce pour Cerraria ericetorum et C. islandica.

Source : MNHN, Paris

188 BIBLIOGRAPHIE

Voir aussi: 94-146, 94-152, 94-154, 94-155, 94-189, 94-195,

Répartition, Ecologie, Sociologie

94-170 APTROOT A, SIPMAN H.J.M. - Trichotheliacene (Lichens). In: A.R.A. Górtz-van-Rijn,

Flora of the Guianas, ser. E: Fungi and Lichens, Fasc. 2. Kónigstein: Koeltz Scientific Books, 1993,

57p., 20 fig. (aut.: Centraalbureau v. Schimmelcultures, P.O. Box 273, NL-3740 AG Baarn; éd.:

Koeltz Sci. Books, P.O. Box 1360, D-6240 Kônigstein, ISBN 3-87429-358-0).

Descr., écol., distr, de la famille des Trichotheliaceae, clé aux 3 genres présents dans les

Guyanes. Descr. des genres, clés aux esp. Pour chaque taxon: taxon., descr., écol., distr., spec.

examinés, sur la base de récoltes récentes. 2 Clathroporina, 25 Porina dont Porina cataractarum, P.

elucida et P. tetralocularis sp. nov., et 7 Trichothelium. Liste des taxons exclus, liste des taxons

acceptés, liste des collections étudiées.

94-171 ASTA J., BOISSIERE J.C., MONTAVONT J.P. et RÉMY C. - Contribution à la flore

lichénologique du Briançonnais. Bull. Inf. Assoc. Franç. Lichénol, 1993, 18(2): 21-45, 9 fig. (Univ.

Joseph Fourier, Ecol. Végét., BP 53X, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex).

Présentation de la région (géographie et végétation). Liste des lichens récoltés par station.

Liste des esp. intéressantes avec données morphol. et /ou de distrib.

94-172 ATIENZA V. - Peridiothelia oleae (Kürber) D. Hawksw. and Opegrapha physciaria (Nyl.)

D. Hawksw. & Coppins, two poorly known west mediterranean fungal taxa. Anales Jard. Bot.

Madrid 1992, 50(2): 159-162, 1 fig. (Dept. Biol. veg. Fac. Ci. Biol, Univ. Valencia, E-46071

Burjasot (Valencia).

Chorologie, écol, taxon. de Peridiothelia oleae et d'Opegrapha physciaria (choix de

lectotype), deux esp. mal connues de la région méditerranéenne occidentale.

94-173 BERGER F. und TURK R. - Bemerkenswerte Flechtenfunde aus dem Donautal zwischen

Passau und Aschach (Oberösterreich, Österreich). Herzogia 1993, 9(3-4): 669-681

(Raiffeisenweg 130, A-4794 Kopfing).

Liste avec loc. de 65 lichens et champignons lichénicoles de la vallée du Danube entre

Passau et Aschach. 51 sont nouv. pour la région; Fuscidea badensis, Pertusaria pustulata,

Sphinctrina tubaeformis et Staurothele hazslinskyi sont nouv. pour l'Autriche; Cladonia firma est

nouv. pour l'Europe Centrale.

94-174 BOISSIERE J.C. - Liste préliminaire des lichens récoltés dans le Briançonnais. Session

du 24 au 28 août 1991, Bull. Inf. Assoc. Franç. Lichénol. 1992, 17(2): 3-8 (Univ. Paris 6, Lab. Biol.

Végét., route de la Tour Denécourt, F-77300 Fontainebleau).

94-175 BOISSIERE J.C. et MONTAVONT JP. - Deux espêces intéressantes: Staurothele

areolata (Ny) Vain. et Bryophagus gloeocapsa Nitschke ex Arnold. Bull. Inf. Assoc. Franç.

Lichénol. 1992, 172): 9-11, fig. (Ibidem).

94-176 BOISSIERE J.C. et MONTAVONT J.P. - Deux espèces intéressantes du Briangonnais:

Solorina bispora Nyl. et Lecanora rupicola (L.) Zahlbr. v. bicincta (Ram.) Clz. et Roux. Bull. Inf.

Assoc. Franç. Lichénol. "1993" 1994, 18(2): 3-6, 4 fig. (Ibidem).

94-177 BREMER G., LUMBSCH H.T. & PAUS S. - Beiträge zur Flechtenflora Westfalens I:

Neue und bemerkenswerte Flechtenfunde, Herzogia 1993, 9(3-4): 573-584 (Grottenkam 13, D(W)-

4403 Senden).

Distr, écol., et phytosociologie de 27 lichens récoltés en Westphalie. 14 sont nouv. pour la

région.

Source : MNHN, Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE 189

94-178 BRICAUD O, ROUX Cl, MENARD et COSTE C. - Champignons lichénisés et

lichénicoles de la France méridionale: espèces nouvelles et intéressantes (8). Bull. Soc. Linn.

Provence 1993, 44: 99-110, 7 fig. (Inst. méd. Ecol. & Paléoécol., Fac. Sci. & Techn. St Jérôme, F-

13397 Marseille Cedex 20).

Liste de 40 taxons avec loc. dont 5 sont nouv. pour la France (Bacidia gorgonea,

Phaeophyscia opuntiella, Ramonia calcicola, Spheconisca hypocrita et Strigula mediterranea), 9

pour le midi de la France et 3 pour la région méditerranéenne française.

94-179 COSTE C.

région Midi-Pyrén

F-81100 Castres)

21 champignons lichénisés ou lichénicoles avec loc. et notes phytosociol. Noter deux

myxomycètes exceptionnellement lichénicoles, et 18 taxons intéressants pour le Tarn.

Contribution à I'étude des champignons lichénisés ou lichénicoles de la

. Bull. Inf. Assoc. Franç. Lichénol. 1993, 18(1): 3-15, 9 fig. (26 rue de Venise,

94-180 COSTE C. - Arthonia graphidicola Coppins (Arthoniales, Arthoniaceae) dans le

département du Tarn (France, 81). Bull. Liaison Soc. Castraise Sci. Nat. 1993: 51-54, 1 fig.

(Ibidem).

Descr., répartition, affinités taxonomiques d'Arrhonia graphidicola nouv. pour la France,

94-181 COSTE C. et ROYAUD A. - Les Basidiolichens européens. Bull. Liaison Soc. Castraise

Sei. Nat. 1993: 55-60, 3 fig. (Ibidem),

94-182 DREHWALD U. - Die Pflanzengesellschaften Niedersachsens. Bestandsentwicklun,

Gefährdung und Schutzprobleme. Flechtengesellschaften. Naturschutz Landschafispflege

Niedersachsen 1993, 20(10): 1-122, tabl. (Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Ökologie-Fachbehörde

f. Naturschutz-, Scharnhornstrasse 1, D-30175 Hannover, ISBN 3-922321-67-4, prix 12.-DM).

Descr. de 59 assoc. lichéniques sur liste rouge dans la région de Niedersachs:

caractéristiques, chorologie, synécologie, synsystématique. Index des syntaxons et des taxons.

Bryophytes associés.

94-183 ERNST G. - Zur Ókologie und Verbreitung von Geisleria sychnogoniodes, einer bislang

kaum bekannten terricolen Flechte. Herzogia 1993, 9(3-4): 321-337, 2 tabl., 9 fig., 1 pl. (Hagener

Allee 46, D(W)-2070 Ahrensburg).

Descr. morphol. et anatomique de Geisleria sychnogonioides, trouvé dans 12 sites de la

région de Hambourg. Plantes compagnes (mousses, lichens, champignons).

94-184 GRUBE M. & POELT - Beitrüge zur Kenntnis der Flechtenflora des Himalaya X.

Sporastatia testudinea, ihre Variabilität, ihre Okologie und ihre Parasiten in Hochasien. Fragm.

Florist. Geobot. 1993, Suppl. 2(1): 113-122, 1 fig. (Inst. Bot., Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz,

Holteigasse 6, A-8010 Graz).

Distr. et écologie de Sporastatia testudinea (Ach.) Mass. largement répandue dans les zones

alpines de l'Himalaya et des régions adjacentes. S. asiatica H. Magn. et S. subasiatica Golubkova

sont des morphotypes de S. testudinea, espêce composée de nombreuses races mal définies et reliées

entre elles par des types intermédiaires.

94-185 HOFMANN P. - Die epiphytischen Flechtenflora und -vegetation des ústlichen Nordtirol

unter Berücksichtigung Immissions ökologischer Gesichtspunkte, Bibliotheca Lichenologica

1993, 51, 299p., 72 fig, 77 tabl. (aut: Unterer Stadtplaz 8a, A-6060 Hall in Tirol; éd; Gebr.

Borntraeger Verl., Johannesstr. 3A, D-70176 Stuttgart, ISBN 3-443-58030-0, prix: 120.-DM).

Le suivi de la végétation lichénique épiphytique dans l'ouest du Tirol Nord permet la descr,

(écol. et distr.) de 67 groupement épiphytes et épixyles. La répartition des groupements est fonction

des facteurs climatiques, des phorophytes. Cartographie de la végétation lichénique le long de 20

transects. Liste de 337 taxons récoltés. Noter en introduction la mise au point concernant la

terminologie et la systématique de la végétation lichénique. Nouv. syntaxons: Chaenothecetum

Source : MNHN, Paris

190 BIBLIOGRAPHIE

ferruginae subass. Chaenotecetosum chrysocephalae, Pseudervernietum furfuraceae subass.

Evernietosum mesomorphae, Nephrometum resupiniati, Parmelietum glabrae et Vass. prov.

Parmelietum exasperatae.

94-186 HOFMANN P, WITTMANN H., TURK R. und BREUSS O. - Die Flechten und

Flechtenparasiten von Osttirol (Österreich) ein erster Überblick. Herzogia 1993, 93-4): 837-879

(Unterer Stadplatz 8a, A-6060 Hall in Tirol).

Liste de 864 lichens et champignons lichénicoles récoltés au Tirol E centrale en 1988.

94-187 KASHIWADANI H. - Ramalina siliquosa (Huds.) A.L. Sm. and R. subbreviuscula Asah.

in Japan. Mem. Natl. Sci. Mus. 1992, 25:63-69, 1 fig. (Dept. Bot., Natl. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, Japan).

94-188 KISZKA J. i SZELAG Z. - Nowa dla Pienin gatunki porostow. Fragm. Florist, Geobot.

1992, 37(2): 597-600, 1 fig., en polonais, rés. angl. (Wysza Szkola Pedag., Inst. Biol., Podbrzezie 3,

PL-31-054 Kraków).

Liste de 34 lichens nouv. pour les Mts Pieniny, Carpathes W polonaises.

94-189 LANGE O.L., KIDRON G.J., BÜDEL B., MEYER A., KILLIAN and ABELIOVICH A.

- Taxonomic composition and photosynthetic characteristics of the "biological soil crusts’

covering sand dunes in the western Negev Desert. Functional Ecol. 1992, 6: 519-527, 7 fig., 1 tabl

(Lehrsthul Bot. II, Univ. Würzburg, Mittlerer Dallenbergweg 64, W-8700 Würzburg).

Etudes en laboratoire pour caractériser la composition de la communauté de microphytes et

les processus métaboliques des croûtes couvrant les dunes dans le Negev. Les Cyanobactéries et les

Chlorophytes, ainsi que les protonéma de mousses, sont responsables de la stabilité de ces croûtes.

Hydratation et photosynthöse. Comparaison avec les lichens.

94-190 LISICKÁ E. - Beitrag zur Flechtenflora der Slowakei, 2. Zborn. Slov. Nar. Muz., Prir.

Vedy 1992, 38: 3-10 (Slow. National Mus., Vajanskeho nabr. 2, CSFR-81436 Bratislava).

94-191 LISICKÁ E. - Beitrag zur Flechtenflora der Slowakei 3. Die Tatra I. Zborn. Slov. Nar.

Muz., Prir. Vedy 1993, 39: 13-21 (Ibidem).

94-192 LITTERSKI B. - Die Flechten der Insel Rügen. Herzogia 1993, 9(3-4): 415-474, 249 fig.

(Knopfstr. 3, D(O)-2200 Greifswald).

Liste de 314 esp. de lichens trouvés depuis 1980 dans l'île de Rügen (Mecklenbourg-

Vorpommern, Allemagne). Cartographie. Liste rouge des taxons en danger, et carte des zones

lichéniques autour de Gerben, aire trés polluée.

94-193 MAKRYI T.V. - The new for the flora of Russia lichens from the Baikal region of

Siberia, Bot. Zurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 1992, 77(7): 103-107, 2 fig., en russe (Central nji sibirskii

bot. sad, SO RAN, Novosibirsk).

94-194 PÓCS T. and SZABO A. - The epiphytic vegetation on the endemic giant groundsel

(Senecio barbatipes) of Mt. Elgon, Kenya. Opera Bor. 1993, 121: 189-194, 3 tabl. (Esterhazy

Teachers College, Dept. Bot., Eger, Hungary).

La communauté épiphyte du Senecio au Mt Elgon (Kenya) est caractérisée par 3 esp.

afroalpines dominantes: Peltigera rufescentiformis, Tortula cavallii et Leptodontiopsis fragilifolia.

La communauté comporte 14 lichens, 14 mousses, 1 hépatiques et 9 plantes vasculaires; elle est

décrite comme une association nouvelle à Peltigera rufescentiformis-Tortula cavallii

94-195 TENHUNEN J.D., LANGE O.L., HAHN S., SIEGWOLF R., and OBERBAUER S.F. -

The ecosystem role of poikilohydric tundra plants. In: F.S. Chapin Ill, RL. Jefferies, J.F.

Reynolds, G.R. Shaver and J. Svoboda, Arctic ecosystems in a changin climate. San Diego:

Academic Press, 1992, pp. 213-237, 9 fig., 3 tabl.

Source : MNHN, Paris

BIBLIOGRAPHIE 191

Rôle des mousses et des lichens dans l'écosystème tundra. Interactions des communautés et

des plantes poikilohydriques (disponibilité de l'eau, photosynthêse, microclimats, production). Les

flux de carbone comme indicateur du rôle des plantes poikilohydriques dans l'ecosystème.

94-196 VALCARCEL C.P., LOPEZ DE SILANES ME. & CARBALLAL R. - Fragmenta

chorologica occidentalia, Lichenes, 4294-4335. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 1992, 50(2): 251-253

(Dept. Biol. veg., Fac. Biol., Univ. Santiago, E-15701 Santiago de Compostela (La Coruna)).

94-197 VAN HALUWYN C. - Premier bilan de la contribution française au projet européen de

cartographie des lichens. Bull. Inf. Assoc. Franc. Lichénol. 1993, 18(1): 17-20, cartes (Lab. Bot. &

Cryptog., Fac. Pharmacie, BP 83, F-59006 Lille Cedex).

94-198 VONARBURG C. - Das Mikroklima an Standorten epiphytischer Flechten.

Immisionókologische Untersuchungen entland eines Hühengradienten in den Zentralschweiz

Voralpen. Veröff. Natur-Museum Luzern 1993, 5: 1-122, 9 tabl., 79 fig. (éd.: Natur-Museum Luzern,

Kasernenplatz 6, CH-6003 Luzern, ISSN1018-2462, prix: 12.-Fr Suisses).

Investigations écologiques (microclimat et altitude) entre 1989-1992, de différents sites de

lichens épiphytes: mesures des paramètres micro-climatiques, croissance des lichens, émissions de

NO,, suivi de la végétation lichénique. Mise en évidence de différences dans la balance de l'eau

selon les changements climatiques en relation avec altitude et exposition, confirmées par la

cartographie lichénique et la croissance des lichens. Les lichens se développant sur les feuilles des

arbres se montrent de mauvais indicateurs de pollution par l'ozone. Dans les zones urbaines, les

lichens, dans un état physiologiquement actif avec un fort contenu en eau, peuvent interagir avec de

fortes concentrations de polluants formant des acides et peuvent donc être endommagés.

94-199 WOJCIAK H. - Flora porostow Lasow Parczewskich. Ann. Univ. Mariae Curie-

Sklodowska, Sect. C Biol. "1989" 1992, 44: 127-142, 1 fig., en polonais, rés. russe et angl.

Liste avec loc. de 153 lichens des Foréts de Parczew (Pologne E).

94-200 ZHURBENKO M.P. and HANSEN E.S. - New, rare or otherwise interesting lichen

species from the siberian Arctic. Mycotaxon 1992, 45: 275-284, 1 fig. (Lab. Lichenol. & Bryol.,

Komarova Bot. Inst. Inst, Prof. Popof 2, St Petersburg 197376, Russia)

18 lichens avec loc. et écol. de l'Arctique sibérien; 5 sont nouv. pour la Sibérie: Acarospora

rhizobola, Arctopeltis thuleana, Lecanora scophila, Lecidea atrofulva, Rhizocarpon pusillum.

94-201 ZHURBENKO M.P., TIMDAL E. - Aspicilia excavata (Lichenes), a new for Russia

species of lichens from Pinezhye. Bot. Zurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 1992, 77(7): 102-103, en russe

(Ibidem).

Voir aussi: 94-109, 94-119, 94-138 à 94-143, 94-145 à 94-148, 94-150 à 94-158, 94-161, 94-167,

94-169.

Activité humaine, Pollution

94-202 ASTA J. - Les lichens bioindicateurs de milieux naturels et perturbés. Bull. Soc. Dauphin.

Etudes Biol. Protect. Nature "1991" 1992, n.s., 19: 89-94 (Lab. Biol. Alpine, Univ. Joseph Fourier-

Grenoble I, BP 53X, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex).

94-203 SANZ M.J., GRIES C. and NASH III T.H. - Dose-response relationships for SO,

fumigations in the lichens Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. and Ramalina fraxinea (L.) Ach. New

Phytol. 1992, 122(2): 313-319, 3 tabl., 3 fig. (Dept. Biol. veg., Univ. Valencia, E-46100 Burssajot-

Valencia).

Source : MNHN, Paris

192 BIBLIOGRAPHIE

94-204 SEMADI A. et DERUELLE S. - Détection de la pollution plombique à l'aide de

transplants lichéniques dans la région de Annaba (Algérie). Pollut. Atmosph. 1993, oct. déc.: 86-

102, 6 tabl., 18 fig. (Inst. Sci. Nat., Univ. Annaba, 23000 Annaba, Algerie).

Les dosages du plomb appliqués à Ramalina duriaei et Ramalina farinaceae (transplantés

pendant 6 mois à proximité de routes) permettent de déterminer l'impact de la pollution plombique

due à la circulation automobile jusqu'à 70 m de part et d'autre de la route.

Voir aussi: 94-119, 94-163, 94-166, 94-167, 94-192, 94-198.

BIBI

Source : MNHN, Paris

Commission paritaire 15-9-1981 - Nº 58611 - Dépôt légal 2° trimestre 1994 - Imprimerie F. Paillart

. Sortie des presses le 30 avril 1994 - Imprimé en France

Éditeur : A.D.A.C. (Association des Amis des Cryptogames)

Président : D. Lamy; Secrétaire : B. de Reviers

Trésorier : E. Bury: Directeur de la publication : H. Causse

pa Source : MNHN. Paris

CRYPTOGAMIE

Diffusion de CRYPTOGAMIE

LE PÉRIODIQUE FRANÇAIS

CONSACRÉ A LA CRYPTOGAMIE

CRYPTOGAMIE est un périodique édité

par l'A.D.A.C. (Association des Amis des

Cryptogames), dont le siége est au Labo-

ratoire de Cryptogamie du Muséum Na-

tional d'Histoire Naturelle. Les cher-

cheurs de tous pays y publient leurs

travaux en francais, allemand, anglais, es-

pagnol et italien, aprés accord des

Comités de Lecture constitués de

spécialistes de réputation internationale.

CRYPTOGAMIE propose trois sections:

Cryptogamie, Algologie

Cryptogamie, Mycologie

Cryptogamie, Bryologie-Lichénologie

Chaque section publie 4 numéros par an

(ürage: 450 exemplaires).

THE FRENCH JOURNAL

DEVOTED TO CRYPTOGAMY

CRYPTOGAMIE is a periodical

published by A.D.A.C. (Association des

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ratoire de Cryptogamie, Muséum National

d'Histoire Naturelle. Research workers

from the whole world publish their papers

in French, German, English, Spanish and

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commettee that comprises experts of inter-

national renown.

CRYPTOGAMIE offers to its subscribers

three sections:

Cryptogamie, Algologie

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Cryptogamie, Bryologie-Lichénologie

Each section publishes 4 numbers a year

(printing: 450 ex.).

ES Europe

ZA Amérique

Marie [australie

Origine des 453 articles publiés de 1986 à 1991

Situoe Marine

amérique — Baste

Répartition des articies publiés de 1986 à 1991 selon la langue

E Français M Espagno WM italien

eges U] Allemand

Source : MNHN, Paris

SOMMAIRE

H. BISCHLER, M.C. BOISSELIER-DUBAYLE, G. PANT - On Aitchisoniella

Kash. (Marchantiales) .....

H. CRUM and D. PINHEIRO DA COSTA - Sphagnum costae, a new Brazilian

species related to S. molle Sull. ...

F. VALLADARES - Form-functional trends in Spanish Umbilicariaceae with

special reference to water relations ....

A.K, ASTHANA and VIRENDRA NATH - Distributional pattern of

Phaeoceros Prosk. in Kumaon and Garhwal region: Western Himalayas.

A. TERRON ALFONSO and E. BARRENO RODRIGUEZ - Estimation of air

pollution in the area of influence of the coal power station at La Robla

(León, Northwest Spain) using epiphytic lichens as bioindicators ......

J.C. VADAM - Nouvelles stations franc-comtoises de Grimmia teretinervis

Limpr., une espèce méconnue en France ..

F. LARA y V. MAZIMPAKA - Briófitos corticícolas de los robledales de la

Sierra de Gredos (Ávila, España) ...

E. TIMDAL - The ascus of Glyphopeltis ligustica

Bibliographie

Bryophytes

Lichens ...

Cryptogamie, Bryol. Lichénol. 1994, 15 (2): 103-192.

103

111

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135

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