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FLORA OF PERU

BY

GABRIEL EDWIN

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, BIOLOGY

ROOSEVELT UNIVERSITY, CHICAGO

BOTANICAL SERIES

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

VOLUME XIII, PART V-B, NUMBER 3

MAY 21, 1971

PUBLICATION 1125

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UN.VERS.TY OP ,U,NO.S L.BRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPA.GN

FLORA OF PERU

BY

GABRIEL EDWIN

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, BIOLOGY

ROOSEVELT UNIVERSITY, CHICAGO

BOTANICAL SERIES

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

VOLUME XIII, PART V-B, NUMBER 3

MAY 21, 1971

PUBLICATION 1125

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 36-10426

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS

FLORA OF PERU

GABRIEL EDWIN*

SCROPHULARIACEAE. Figwort Family

References: Benth. in DC., Prodr. 10: 186-188. 1846. Schmidt

in Martius, Fl. Bras. 8(1) : 230-231. 1863. Benth. & Hook., Gen PL

2: 913-980. 1876. Wettst. in Engler and Prantl, Pflanzenf. IV(3b) :

39-107. 1895. Kranzlin in Engler, Pflanzenf. IV, 257c: 1-122. 1907.

Pennell, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Monogr. I: 1-45. 1935. Thieret,

Ceiba4: 164-182. 1954.

Annual or perennial herbs or less often shrubs, occasionally vines

(Calceolaria spp., Maurandya, Antirrhinum), glabrous to pubescent

with unbranched, usually unicellular hairs (occasionally multicellu-

lar in Calceolaria spp.), sometimes glandular or pulverulent. Leaves

usually opposite, sometimes alternate above and opposite below,

occasionally all alternate or ternate, rarely rosulate, estipulate, rarely

persistent (Hebe) , entire to usually toothed to occasionally pinnately

lobed or pinnate, rarely palmate, aciculate-linear to almost round,

minute to 25 cm. long and longer, sessile to long-petiolate; inflores-

cences various, determinate or indeterminate, simple to compound

spikes, racemes, dichasia, panicles or rarely umbellate, occasionally

flowers solitary or few-clustered, bracts or bracteoles usually present

and variously placed on the flower stalks; flowers bisexual, zygo-

morphic or rarely actinomorphic (Capraria); calyx 4-5-parted and

tube lacking or more often tube present and calyx 2 (4 -5) -toothed

or -lobed, sometimes the tube appearing to split only once and then

the calyx 2-lobed and usually at least partly one-sided on the flower,

the sepals when free occasionally valvate, all alike or one or two vari-

ously modified and wider (Bacopa), imbricate when united, all alike

or one longer (Mimulus, Calceolaria spp.) than the others; corolla

1 The author acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation,

grant GB 3560.

461

462 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

gamopetalous, the lobes 5, 4 or 2, rarely 3, usually bilabiate, the lips

equal to very unequal, lobes arched or spreading, tube sometimes

personate, long to almost lacking (Veronica), one or more anterior

petals sometimes saccate or spurred, rarely anteriorly with a fine

horn-like process at the base of a lobe (Angelonia) or the lips very

unequal and inflated (Calceolaria) or rarely sub-equal and inflated

(Calceolaria, Porodittia) ; stamens distinct, epipetalous, 5 or 4 or 2,

usually arising from the base of the tube, one or more stamens some-

times modified to a staminode, when 4, commonly didynamous, the

anterior pair frequently longer; anthers 2-celled or rarely one cell

obsolete (Buchnera, Calceolaria spp.), cells equal or unequal, contig-

uous or separated on stalks, dorsifixed or versatile, dehiscing longi-

tudinally, introrsely, sometimes splitting across the septum, rarely

by terminal pores; an annular or lateral, nectar-bearing disc usually

present, surrounding the ovary, or nectary on the reflexed edge of

the lower corolla lobe (Calceolaria) ; pistil one, ovary superior, locules

and carpels two (rarely unilocular), placentation axile; ovules numer-

ous, anatropous, placentae often conspicuous, style terminal; stigma

lobes 2, separate (Gratioleae) or united, punctiform, patelliform or

ligulate; fruit usually a many-seeded capsule, mostly septicidal,

sometimes loculicidal, occasionally indehiscent or poricidal (Antir-

rhinum, Porodittia), then locules unequal in size, the posterior smaller,

rarely a berry (Leucocarpus) ; seeds smooth or variously marked, often

angled, sometimes alate; endosperm soft, usually copious.

The family is cosmopolitan, containing over 200 genera and 3,000

species. The largest genera are Pedicularis with about 600 species

and Calceolaria with more than 500 species. The family has its great-

est concentration in South America, western North America, Africa,

and the Mediterranean regions. The limits of this family as well as

sectional and generic limits are still in dispute. A number of genera

separable only technically and with difficulty from some Solanaceae,

Gesneriaceae, Pedaliaceae, and Bignoniaceae.1

The family is of limited economic importance. Several species of

Calceolaria (Slipper flower), Antirrhinum (Snapdragon), Veronica

(Speedwell), Mimulus (Monkey flower), Penstemon (Beard-tongue),

as well as Cymbalaria, Russelia, Torenia, and Digitalis are garden

ornamentals. Digitalis yields alkaloids long used in medicine.

Thirty-two genera with 226 species occur in Peru. In addition, An-

1 The reader should remember that this and following descriptions are based

upon Peruvian material and may not be applicable elsewhere.

FLORA OF PERU 463

tirrhinum majus L. (Snapdragon) is commonly cultivated in Peru

but shows no tendency to escape.

KEY TO THE SUBFAMILIES, TRIBES, AND SUBTRIBES

1. Posterior lobes of the corolla external and overlapping in the bud.

Subfam. A. Scrophularioideae.

2. Corolla not enlarged at the base and not spurred anteriorly,

occasionally merely little saccate, with or without a fine horn-

like process at the base of the anterior lobe; capsule septicidal

or loculicidal by a simple median split, the septum breaking

from the capsule wall or rupturing, or the fruit indehiscent.

3. Stigma usually 2-lipped, when lips united plants subaquatic

and acaulescent or with repent or underground stems or with

sepals unequal in width; or stigma lips clavate; if tube al-

most lacking corolla subrotate, with 4 distinct lobes; herbage

most often glandular punctate Gratioleae.

4. Capsule usually septicidal, occasionally secondarily locu-

licidal, splitting to the base, when loculicidal the outer-

most sepal broader than the others; placenta simple; sepals

usually distinct or almost so (except Linaria spp., Limo-

sella), sometimes very unequal in width (Bacopa); leaf

blades and capsules usually glandular-punctate; inflores-

cences usually simple, racemose or the racemes sometimes

with fascicles of pedicellate flowers; anterior lobes of the

corolla usually smooth and glabrous within.

la. Gratiolinae.

4. Capsule loculicidal (secondarily barely if at all septicidal) ;

the outermost sepal about equal to the others in width;

or fruit an indehiscent berry; placenta branched; sepals

united over half their length; leaves and capsules glabrous

or pubescent but not glandular-punctate; flowers singly

pedicellate (in ours); anterior lobes of the corolla two-

ridged and pubescent within Ib. Mimulinae.

3. Stigmas united, capitate; plants terrestrial and caulescent;

sepals equal in width ; if corolla tube very short, corolla with

less than 4 distinct lobes; herbage with vesture various but

not glandular-punctate.

5. Capsule packed with hair internally; corolla weakly zy-

gomorphic, corolla- tube well developed; leaves in whorls

of threes on angled stems II. Russelieae.

464 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

5. Capsule without hair internally; corolla decidedly zygo-

morphic, the anterior lobes usually much exceeding the

posterior, tube often short; leaves opposite or the upper

alternate, occasionally ternate on terete stems.

6. A fine horn-like process developed at the base of the

corolla lobes anteriorly III. Angeloneae.

6. Corolla lobes without a horn-like process at base, lips

sometimes concave-saccate.

7. Stamens 4; corolla flattened, its lobes all evident;

the 5 sepals less than half the length of the capsule;

seeds blackish; inflorescences simply racemose;

stem quadrangular IV. Hemimerideae.

7. Stamens 2 or occasionally 3; lips of the corolla con-

cave-saccate (calceolate) or the posterior (upper)

much reduced, the individual lobes scarcely or not

at all evident; sepals 4, at least one-half the length

of the capsule, seeds brown; inflorescences usually

dichasiate or cymose; stem terete or nearly so, occa-

sionally squarrose above V. Calceolarieae.

2. Corolla anteriorly gibbose or saccate at base or with a spur at

the base of the anterior petal; capsule loculicidal, the septum

and adjacent cell wall persisting, the remaining wall splitting

irregularly VI. Antirrhineae.

1. Anterior lobes of the corolla external and overlapping in the bud.

Subfam. B. Rhinanthoideae.

8. Upper corolla lobes flattened or widely arched, often spread-

ing; anthers all distinct; stigma lobes distinct or united.

9. Stigmas distinct, plate-like; capsule septicidal and some-

times secondarily loculicidal VII. Digitaleae.

9. Stigmas united (except Gerardia sect. Dasistoma) ; capsule

loculicidal.

10. Anther cells divaricate; sepals united, 5.

VIII. Ouriseae.

10. Anther cells parallel; sepals 4 and free or united.

11. Stamens usually 2, less often 3-5 (8); corolla rotate

or subrotate, posterior lobes united; plants auto-

phytic IX. Veroniceae.

11. Stamens 4; corolla, salverform or campanulate; all

lobes evident and free; plants root-parasites or sap-

rophytes X. Buchnereae.

FLORA OF PERU 465

8. Upper corolla lobes narrowly arched, forming a definite galea

that encloses the frequently cohering anthers; pollen shed in

a mass; stigma lobes almost always united . . XL Euphrasieae.

KEY TO GENERA

Subfamily. A. Scrophularioideae (Antirrhinoideae of authors)

TRIBE I. Gratioleae, Sub tribe a. Gratiolinae

1. Leaves all alternate; corolla actinomorphic or weakly zygomor-

phic; stamens 5 or 4 Capraria.

1. Leaves opposite or verticillate or the upper sometimes alternate;

corolla basically zygomorphic, obscurely so in Scoparia', stamens 4

and didynamous or sometimes less than 4 (3 or 2) .

2. Plants acaulescent; anther cells wholly confluent. . . Limosella.

2. Plants caulescent; anther cells distinct.

3. Stem usually terete, or if quadrangular, without ridges or

wings; ridges to the anterior-lateral sinuses of the corolla

(due to adherence of the filaments) if developed low and not

projecting beyond; filaments simple; style without a semi-

persistent callosed base.

4. Anther-sacs proximate, stipes developed or not; seeds re-

ticulate; when anther-sacs stipitate, corolla 5-lobed, when

proximate corolla usually 4-lobed.

5. Sepals unequal, at least 1 or 2, usually the outer, wider

than the others; corolla glabrous within; anther-sacs

stipitate or not Bacopa.

5. Sepals equal ; corolla variously pubescent within ; anther-

sacs proximate.

6. Pedicels bibracteolate at apex (just below the calyx) ;

corolla pubescent within, usually only at the base of

the anterior lobes, occasionally on both lobes to the

base of the tube, plant repent-ascending to suberect or

erect; pedicels at least 3 times longer (up to 4 or more

times longer) than the calyx; corolla clearly zygo-

morphic, 5-lobed Conobea.

6. Pedicels ebracteolate; corolla densely hirsute within

at the bases of all the lobes; plant erect; pedicels often

less than 3 times longer than the calyx; corolla ob-

scurely zygomorphic, 4-lobed Scoparia.

466 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

4. Anther-sacs separated on stipes (connective arms); seeds

longitudinally striate and/or tuberculate-striate; corolla

4-lobed Stemodia.

3. Stem quadrangular, the angles ridged or with small wings;

two raised ridges to the anterior lateral sinuses of the corolla

(formed by the adherence of filaments) often projecting be-

yond these points as a knob-like process, the free part of the

filament appearing as a lateral outgrowth of the adherent

part; style semi-persistent, frequently enlarged and callosed

at the base.

7. Stamens 4, all antheriferous or 2 sterile (stami-

nodes) Lindernia.

7. Stamens 2 Micranthemum.

Sub tribe b. Mimulinae

8. Capsule dehiscing longitudinally; calyx tube longer than the cap-

sule; inflorescence with axillary, unbranched pedicels. .Mimulus.

8. Berry indehiscent; calyx tube shorter than the berry; inflores-

cence of much branched axillary cymes, borne on conspicuous

peduncles Leucocarpus.

TRIBE II. Russelieae

A single genus Russelia.

TRIBE III. Angeloneae

A single genus Angelonia.

TRIBE IV. Hemimerideae

9. Corolla orange, tube split to the base anteriorly; capsule second-

arily scarcely loculicidal Alonsoa.

9. Corolla white or blue or violet, split only part way anteriorly, if

at all; capsule secondarily, clearly loculicidal Basistemon.

TRIBE V. Calceolarieae

10. Anthers 2, opening by slits; corolla with two lips. . .Calceolaria.

10. Anthers 3, opening by pores; corolla with three lips. .Porodittia.

TRIBE VI. Antirrhineae

11. Herbs; corolla either with a definite spur or gibbous anteriorly

at the base, throat at least partly closed; calyx lobes clearly

imbricate.

FLORA OF PERU 467

12. Corolla spurred anteriorly at the base, throat closed by the

palate; anther-sacs parallel, distinct and oblong; stems erect

or spreading, procumbent Linaria.

12. Corolla gibbous anteriorly at the base, palate lacking (except

in M. antirrhiniflora) but throat partly closed by plaiting or

2 lines of hairs; anther-sacs confluent; plant twining (by

means of petioles and pedicels) ; perennial herbs . .Maurandya.1

11. Shrubs; corolla merely saccate anteriorly at base, throat not

closed by the palate; calyx lobes only slightly imbricate.

Galvesia.

Subfamily. B. Rhinanthoideae

TRIBE VII. Digitaleae

A single genus Digitalis.

TRIBE VIII. Ouriseae

A single genus Ourisia.

TRIBE IX. Veroniceae

13. Stamens more than 2, usually 3-5 (-8) ; sepals 4-5 (-8) united

into a campanulate calyx Sibthorpia.

13. Stamens 2; sepals 4, rarely 5, essentially free, calyx tube if de-

veloped, very short, not campanulate.

14. Herbs Veronica.

14. Shrubs or small trees Hebe.

TRIBE X. Buchnereae

15. Stamens with both anther cells developed ; corolla campanulate

or when salverform 8-15 cm. long or more; calyx campanulate or

when tubular, the tube 2.5-6.0 cm. long or longer.

16. Corolla salverform; calyx tubular; capsule ellipsoid; seeds

linear Escobedia.

16. Corolla and calyx campanulate or almost so; seeds usually

broader than linear, when linear borne in a subglobose cap-

sule Gerardia.

15. Stamens with only one anther cell developed; corolla salverform,

the tube less than 3.0 cm. long; calyx tubular, the tube not ex-

ceeding ca. 1.0 cm. long Buchnera.

1 Antirrhinum spp. widely cultivated in Peru treated at the end of this genus,

in text.

468 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

TRIBE XI. Euphrasieae

17. Anther-sacs equally placed; the leaves usually opposite (some

Bartsia spp. alternate).

18. Upper lip of the corolla reflexed-margined Euphrasia.

18. Upper lip of the corolla erect-margined

19. Lower lip of the corolla neither prominently 2-ridged nor

2-plaited ; seeds multistriate, testa close, reticulate . Bartsia.

19. Lower lip of the corolla prominently 2-ridged or 2-plaited;

seeds smooth within a loose, tuberculate and reticulate

testa Lamourouxia.

17. Anther-sacs unequally placed, the upper one attached by its

middle; leaves all or mostly alternate.

20. Lower lip of the corolla equal to or larger than the often

obtuse galea Orthocarpus.

20. Lower lip of corolla smaller than the sharper galea.

Castilleja.

ALONSOA R. & P.

Branched herb or more often shrub, often glabrous except in the

inflorescence, occasionally pilose to glandular-pubescent, branches

mostly 4-angled at least above. Leaves sessile or petiolate, mostly

opposite or ternately verticillate, floriferous leaves alternate, bract-

like; flowers in racemose inflorescences, usually terminal, glandular-

puberulent, pedicels ebracteolate; calyx 5-parted, sepals narrow; co-

rolla zygomorphic, mostly orange, varying to scarlet-red, resupinate,

explanate-rotate, the short tube cleft to the base or almost so poste-

riorly; stamens 4, filaments longer or shorter than the divergent an-

thers that are confluent at apex; stigma lobes united capitate; capsule

ovoid or oblong, septicidal, and scarcely secondarily loculicidal, usu-

ally dehiscing apically to the middle; seed numerous, small, black or

almost so, most often longitudinally furrowed.

The genus is made up of about 12 species distributed from Mex-

ico to Peru, but not in the West Indies. Only one species in Mexico

and Central America. The area of greatest concentration is found

in the Andes Mountains. Eight species reported in Peru.

1. Leaves essentially linear and entire or distantly serrulate.

2. Anthers longer than the filaments; herbage, pedicels and cal-

yces subglabrous, puberulent or glandular-puberulent.

A. linearis var. linearis.

FLORA OF PERU 469

2. Anthers shorter than the filaments; herbage, pedicels and cal-

yces glabrous A. linearis var. glaberrima.

1. Leaves broader than linear, lanceolate to ovate or deltoid-ovate,

margins mostly more deeply and closely toothed, usually serrate

to incised-dentate (except linearis var. platyphylla) .

3. Anthers longer than the filaments.

4. Leaves sparsely serrulate or entire, not more than 8.0 mm.

broad.

5. Blade margins sparsely serrulate; calyx lobes usually

glabrous, up to 5 mm. long, less than fourth the mature

fruit; branches glabrous above; leaf blades mostly wing-

ing a short (ca. 1 mm.) petiole.

A. linearis var. platyphylla.

5. Blade sessile, margins entire; calyx lobes glandular-

pubescent, 7-8 mm. long, usually more than fourth the

mature fruit ; branches glandular-pubescent above.

A. integrifolia.

4. Leaves closely serrulate to serrate or dentate, sometimes

more than 8.0 mm. broad.

6. Leaf blades 3 or more times longer than wide (rarely

about 2.7 times longer than wide with glandular pedi-

cels), usually lanceolate or lance-ovate.

7. Corolla auriculate at the base of the posterior lobes;

herb; pedicels glabrous A. auriculata.

7. Corolla not auriculate at base of the posterior lobes;

shrub; pedicels usually glandular-pubescent.

A. acutifolia.

6. Leaf blades up to about 2.2 times longer than wide,

usually ovate or oblong-ovate; pedicels glabrous.

A. mathewsii.

3. Anthers shorter than the filaments ca. one- third to one-

fourth the length of the filaments.

8. Leaf-blades less than 2 cm. long, often sessile, if margins

toothed, teeth few or reduced, spine-like; petiole when

present not exceeding 2 cm.

9. Leaf blade margins with spine-like, very sharp teeth,

sinuses lacking, main blades lanceolate; stems glandu-

lar-puberulent, at least above; corolla red. . .A. minor.

470 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

9. Leaf blade margins few-toothed, the teeth broader,

sinuses present, main blades elliptic or elliptic-subovate;

stems glabrous; corolla white or almost so . . . .A. pallida.

8. At least some of the leaves more than 2 cm. long; at least

some petioles more than 2 mm. long, margins almost al-

ways beset with numerous teeth A. meridionalis.

Alonsoa acutifolia R. & P., Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. 153. 1798.

Shrub or subshrub, stems and branches usually pubescent or

glandular-pubescent, at least on upper half, less often pilose or

merely puberulent, occasionally wood glabrous, inflorescence ex-

cepted. Leaves often puberulent or pubescent, lanceolate to lance-

ovate, sometimes linearly lanceolate, up to 6 cm. long and 2 cm. wide,

usually about 2-3 cm. long and 0.7-1.0 cm. wide, sharply serrate,

serrations often hardened, sharp-pointed, sometimes distant, occa-

sionally irregular, acute to long-acute at apices, narrowed to usually

acute bases, secondary veins subobsolete, often only 3-pair visible,

tissue epunctate beneath; inflorescences racemose or racemes, termi-

nal on the branches; flowers axillary to reduced leaf -like bracts,

pedicellate and solitary or rarely 2 flowers in an axil; pedicels longer

than the mature flower and fruit, usually glandular-pubescent, occa-

sionally glabrous or almost so; calyx with 5, elliptical or oblong,

dimidiate, acute, usually glandular-pubescent lobes; corolla usually

glabrous, orange to red, anterior lip 2-3 times longer than the calyx,

posterior little exceeding the calyx; stamens about 6 mm. long, an-

thers about twice as long as the filaments; style twice the length of

the ovary, stigma lobes united, capitate or punctiform; capsule lance-

ellipsoid to lance-ovoid, up to 1.7 cm. long; seed broadly ovoid, black,

blunt. Common and widely distributed in Andean Peru; also found

in montane Bolivia.

Amazonas: Prov. Chachapoyas, Sierras, alt. 2,700 m., LI. Wil-

liams 7569. — Apurimac: Prov. Abancay, upper Rio Maranon, alt.

3,000 m., Stork & Horton 1064.6; Prov. Andahuaylas, Quebrada N. of

Chincheros, alt. 2,800 m., Stork & Horton 10763; Rio Pachachaca,

alt. 3,400 m., Weberbauer 5909 (possibly Prov. Abancay). — Caja-

marca: Prov. Celendin, Vicinity of Celendin, upper hills, Woytkowski

22. — Cuzco: Quebrada de Celiska-huara, alt. 3,400 m., Herrera 1503;

"Aya-maichia," Huancayo, C. Vargas C. 3130. — Huancavelica: Alt.

3,798 m., Soukup 27821; Prov. Huancavelica, 1 km. N. of Huan-

1 Pedicels and calyces glabrous.

FLORA OF PERU 471

cavelica, limestone boulder area, alt. 3,700 m., Stork & Horton 109211;

Surcubamba: edge of forest, roadsides and pastures at alt. 2,500 m.,

Stork & Horton 10364. — Junin: Prov. Tarma, 2-4 km. E. of Huasa-

huasi, alt. 2,400-2,500 m., Hutchinson 1126; Tarma, open hillside,

alt. 3,000-3,200 m., Kittip & Smith 21859.— Puno: Lake Titicaca.

alt. 4,000 m., Leg. ?; Soukup 574-— Sin Loc: Soukup 130; 1227; 1271,

Alonsoa auriculata Diels in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 426. 1906.

Perennial, subglabrous herb, stems minutely pilose or glabrous,

branched from the base. Leaves verticillate-ternate up to the in-

florescence, alternate in the inflorescence, lanceolate or lance-ovate,

4-7 cm. long and about 2 cm. wide, margins acutely serrate, acute at

apex, acutely narrowed to base, petioles 1.0-1.5 mm. long; inflores-

cence racemose; flowers axillary to reduced leaf -like bracts, pedicel-

late; pedicels 12-18 mm. long, erect; calyx of 5 sepals, united only

at base, lance-oblong, acuminate, glandular-pilose or glabrous, 2-5

mm. long; corolla glabrous, scarlet or red, posterior lip 4 mm. long

and 5 mm. wide,2 auriculate at base of the lobes, anterior lip with

lateral lobes ca. 4 mm. long and 7 mm. wide and median lobe broadly

triangular, 7 mm. long and 11 mm. wide; stamens 4, deflexed, fila-

ment 1 mm. long, anthers 3 mm. long, oval; capsule up to 10-12 mm.

long and about half as wide, ovoid or lance-ovoid ; seed black, oblong,

blunt, longitudinally furrowed; placenta columnar, naked, septum

soon lost after dehiscence.

Cuzco: Grassy slopes above Pillahuata, Cerro de Cusilluyac,

2,500-3,600 m., Pennell 13927.— Puno3: Sandia, Weberbauer 525.

Alonsoa integrifolia Edwin, Fieldiana: Botany 31 (8) : 228-229.

1967.

Branched shrub, stems terete, glandular-pubescent, at least above.

Leaf blades sessile, linear-lanceolate to elliptically lanceolate, 0.5-

2.0 cm. long and 0.1-0.3 cm. wide, entire, narrowed to apex and some-

what to base, decreasing in size from base to apex of stem, punctate

beneath, lower glabrous, upper sometimes puberulent or sparsely

glandular-puberulent beneath, costa little impressed above, flattened

and elevated beneath; inflorescence racemose; flowers mostly near

the apices of the branches and branchlets, axillary to a bract-like leaf,

1 Pedicels and calyces glabrous.

2 The lower lip due to 180° twisting of the pedicel.

* The type, collected at 2,100-2,300 m., destroyed at Berlin.

472 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

pedicellate; pedicels 10-12 mm. long, glandular-puberulent, usually

2 times longer than the subtending bract; calyx tube very short,

sparsely glandular-puberulent, calyx lobes lanceolate, 7-8 mm. long,

more than fourth the length of the mature capsule; corolla red1;

stamens 4, anthers confluent, longer than the filaments; ovary ovoid

or lance-ovoid, little longer or shorter than the style, united stigma

lobes subpatelliform; capsule lance-ovoid or ovoid, ca. 12 mm. long,

about 6 mm. wide at base, 1-2 mm. wide at apex; seed usually blunt,

or acute at one or both ends.

Cajamarca : Michiquillo ; shrub. Calcareous slope at alt. 3,000 m.,

Pennell & Reichlin 15033 — the type and only collection.

Alonsoa linearis (Jacq.) R. & P., Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. 154. 1798.

Celsia linearis Jacq., Ic. Rar. 3: 1. 1+97. 1786. Hemimeris linearifolia

HBK., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 377. 1817. Alonsoa linearifolia Steud.,

Nomen. ed. 2. 60. 1840.

Branched shrub, occasionally subshrub2 to 1.0 or 1.5 m. tall, gla-

brous, or glandular pubescent in the inflorescence.3 Leaves linear,

to narrowly lance-ovate, not exceeding 8 mm. wide, acute to long-

acute both to base and apex, sessile or short-petiolate, 4 or more times

longer than wide, or 2 to 3 times longer than wide, margins entire or

serrulate; flowers in racemes, each subtended by a reduced bract and

usually 1 in each axil, pedicellate; pedicels longer to less often shorter

than the flower and fruit; calyx of 5 linear to narrowly lanceolate

sepals that are united only at the base, up to 5 (-7) mm. long and

1 mm. wide; corolla orange to scarlet-red, 8-10 mm. long, posterior

lip 2-lobed, due to the 180° twisting of the pedicel becoming the

lower lip, anterior lip 3-lobed, all lobes rounded ovate; stamens in-

serted at the base of the corolla tube, anthers longer or shorter than

the filaments, yellow, when anthers longer than the filaments, ca. two

times or more longer, when shorter (var. glaberrima) about a third

to a fourth as long as the filaments: ovary ellipsoid, much shorter

than the style that is slightly thickened at apex and base, stigma

lobes united capitate or coronate; capsule 5-16 (-18) mm. long, lance-

ovoid, or -oblong, placenta columnar. All collections so far seen are

from Peru.

1 Well pressed corolla lacking; but from the scant material, corolla resupinate,

2-lobed posteriorly and 3-lobed anteriorly.

2 Sometimes dying back to the ground but not an annual as indicated on some

labels, at least in Peru.

3 Gland-bearing hairs caducous and collections sometimes entirely glabrous in

fruit in var. linearis.

FLORA OF PERU 473

KEY TO THE VARIETIES OF Alonsoa linearis (Jacq.) R. & P.

1. Leaves linear, at least four times longer than wide; fruit usually

up to 12 mm. long, rarely up to 15 mm. ; pedicels usually less than

2 cm. long, when longer the bracts almost equaling the pedicels

in length.

2. Anthers longer than the filaments; plants glandular-pubescent

in the inflorescence at least in flower; fruit usually twice as long

as or longer than the basal width; corolla usually orange.

A. linearis var. linearis.

2. Anthers only a third or a fourth as long as the filaments; plants

glabrous even in flower; fruit often less than twice as long as

the basal width; corolla usually red or scarlet-red.

A. linearis var. glaberrima.

1. Leaves wider than linear, often narrowly lance-ovate, 2-3 times

longer than wide; fruit often more than 12 mm. long, up to

17 mm.; pedicels usually more than 2 cm. long; bracts only a

few mm. long A. linearis var. platyphylla.

A. linearis (Jacq.) R. & P. var. linearis

Ancash: Prov. Huaraz, Bafios de Chancos, alt. 8,500 ft., Sand-

man ^602. — Huanuco: San Rafael, alt. 2,697 m., Soukup 2243;

Carpish, 28 m., Stork & Horton 9884- — Junin: Mito, sunny black-

berry patch, alt. ca. 9,000 ft., Macbride & Featherstone 1413. — Lima:

Matucana, Rimactal alt. 2,500 m., Rauh-Hirsch P175. — Sin Dept.:

Yanano, sunny, grassy slopes, alt. about 6,000 ft., Macbride 3771.

—Sin. Loc.: Weberbauer 6326; Woytkowski 34134.

A. linearis var. glaberrima Edwin, Fieldiana: Botany 31 (8):

230-231. 1967.

Ancash: Cordillera Blanca, herb to 80 cm. tall. Kruzl P2279.—

Lima: Canta, rocky slopes, alt. 2,700-2,900 m., Pennell 14556;

Matucana, alt. about 8,000 ft., rocky slopes, Macbride & Feather-

stone 115.

A. linearis var. platyphylla (Diels) Edwin, comb, nov.; A. line-

arifolia var. platyphylla Diels in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 37: 427. 1906.

Junin: Tarma, alt. 7,000 ft., Macbride & Featherstone 1023.

At present it seems better to recognize the varieties of linearis,

although future collections may blur the distinctions since all occur

in north-central Peru.

474 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Alonsoa mathewsii Benth. in DC., Prodr. 10: 250. 1846.

Perennial glabrous herb, stems terete, branched. Leaves petio-

late1 to sessile, usually ternate-verticillate, alternate in the inflores-

cence, ovate or oblong-ovate, up to 3.5 cm. long and 1.8 cm. wide,

serrate, acute at apex, narrowed to base and subacute, secondary

veins prominent beneath and subprominent above, subparallel, 5-

pair, forming acute angles with the costa, blades punctate beneath;

petioles up to 15 mm. long, usually only 7-8 mm.; inflorescences

racemose; flowers axillary, pedicellate; pedicels up to 2.2 cm. long;

calyx lobes elliptical, long-acute, about 5 mm. long; corolla red, ex-

ternally sparsely pubescent, posterior lip only little exceeding the

sepals, anterior about twice as long; anthers reniform to lanceolate,

3 times longer than the 1 mm. filament; ovary much shorter than the

style, stigma lobes united, punctiform; capsule ovoid, up to 11 mm.

long and 6 mm. wide; seed black, acute at one or both ends, placenta

columnar, naked.

Amazonas: Prov. Chachapoyas, Puente de Pipos, on Rio Sonche

opposite Daguas east of Chachapoyas. Banks, alt. 2,000 m., Pen-

nell 15750. — Cajamarca: Edwin 3557; 3561.

Alonsoa meridionalis (L.f.) Ktze., Rev. Gen. 2: 457. 1891.

Scrophularia meridionalis L. f., Suppl. 280. 1781. Alonsoa caulialata

R. & P., Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. 152. 1798. A. procumbens R. & P.,

Syst., Veg. Fl. Peruv. 153. 1798. A. incissaefolia R. & P., Syst. Veg.

Fl. Peruv. 154. 1798. Celsia urticaefolia Sims., Curt. Mag. 12: t. 417.

1798. Hemimeris urticaefolia Willd., Sp. PI. 2(1) : 282. 1800. H. pro-

cumbens and H. caulialata Pers., Syn. Fl. 2: 162. 1807. H. parviflora

and H. mutisii HBK., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 376. 1817. H. intermedia

Lodd, Bot. Cab. t. 1456. 1829. Alonsoa parviflora and A. mutisii

Steud., Nomen. ed. 2. 60 and A. urticeaefolia 61. 1840. A. incisaefolia

var. latifolia Benth. in DC., Prodr. 10: 250. 1846. A. warscewiczii

Regel, Gartenfl. 3: 211. t. 91. 1854.

Herbs, subshrubs or occasionally shrubs, usually much branched,

stems and branches mostly 4-angled and often striate-ribbed, usually

erect, occasionally procumbent, glabrous or subglabrous, the pedicels

sometimes pubescent, rarely with the branchlet apices glandular-

pubescent. Leaves opposite, occasionally lowermost ternate-verticil-

late, usually petiolate, rarely sessile, ovate, lance-ovate, less often

1 Original description, "breviter petiolatis sessilibusive," and "lanceolatis ob-

longsive," in other respects the material at hand agrees with the protologue even

to the location.

FLORA OF PERU 475

lanceolate, occasionally broadly or triangular-ovate, up to 4-5 cm.

long and 3.0-3.5 cm. wide, usually about 3.0-3.5 cm. long and 1.0-

1.5 cm. wide, apices acute, bases very variable from obtusely or

rounded-cordate to subacute or acute, margins serrate, serrate-den-

tate or dentate, teeth close and sharp; petioles mostly 3-8 mm. long;

inflorescences terminal, racemes or racemose; flowers axillary, brac-

teate, pedicellate; bracts much shorter than the pedicels, linear to

lanceolate, serrate; pedicels about 1.5-5.0 times longer than the

flowers and fruit; calyx lobes lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long and 1.0-

1.7 mm. wide, entire, tube almost lacking; corolla orange to dark red,

lips very unequal, the 2-lobed posterior up to 1.5 times the length

of the sepals, anterior lip about 2-5 times longer than the sepals;

stamens exceeding the throat, the anthers a third to a fifth as long

as the thin filaments; style 2-3 times longer than the ovoid ovary,

stigma lobes united, punctiform; capsule 0.8-1.3 cm. long, ovoid to

lance-ovoid; seed shining black, oblong, blunt, longitudinally fur-

rowed, placenta columnar, septum caducous soon after dehiscence.

Amazonas: Llama, rain-forest (Cutervo) Sandeman 4136; Prov.

Hualgayoc, alt. 1,800 m., Soukup 3852. — Arequipa: lower slopes of

Misti, alt. 9,500 ft., Sandeman 3785; Prov. Condesuyos, Chuqui-

bamba, alt. 10,500 ft., Stafford 1203,—Cuzco: Paucartambo, alt.

between 2,500-3,600 m., C. Vargas C. 4-7. — Huanuco: open situation,

alt. 2,700 m., Woytkowski 80. — Junin: near Huancayo, alt. 3,300-

3,500 m., Weberbauer 6650; Prov. Tarma, Aqua Dulce, alt. 1,800 m.,

Woytkowski 35496.— Lima: Rio Blanco, alt. 3,000-3,500 m., Killip &

Smith 21537; Matucana, alt. about 8,000 ft., Macbride & Feather-

stone 105; Rio Chillon above Obrajillo, alt. 2,700-3,300 m., Pennell

14.360 and 14402; San Buenaventura, alt. 2,700-2,900 m., Pennell

14535; Rimac Valley, alt. 3,500 m., Rauh-Hirsch P214- — Sin. Loc.

et Leg: ex herb Ruiz & Pavon. — Moquequa: Carumas, in a moist

ravine, alt. 3,000 m., Weberbauer 7284- — Sin. Depto.: Yanano, alt.

about 6,000 ft., Macbride 3738; Valle de San Miguel, alt. 2,060-

2,260 m., Herrera2001.

At least three infraspecific categories could be presented based

upon differences in leaf-bases, pedicel length in relation to flower

length, relative sizes of corolla lobes, procumbent as opposed to erect

growth forms and kinds of leaf blade margins. However, this taxon

is so commonly collected that these characters, leaf-bases excepted,

overlap throughout most of its range. Therefore, it seems the better

course at least for the present to retain a single polymorphic taxon.

476 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

The commonest species of the genus, collected from Mexico through

Central America to Equador, Colombia, Venezuela and Chile as well

as Peru. Not known east of the Andean chain. The center of con-

centration is in Colombia.

Alonsoa minor Edwin, Fieldiana: Botany 31 (8) : 229-230. 1967.

Branched shrub, apices of branchlets glandular-pubescent. Leaves

very narrowly lanceolate, subsessile, up to 1.9 cm. long and 0.6 cm.

wide, margins few-serrate, serrations narrow, hard, attenuate to

apices and bases, sparsely black-punctate beneath; inflorescences

racemose; flowers axillary, solitary, pedicellate; pedicels glandular-

pubescent, up to 1.7 cm. long, longer than the flower, fruit and sub-

tending bract; calyces salverform in bud, tube very short, lobes 2.5-

3.5 mm. long, elliptical to narrowly-elliptical, acuminate; corolla red

to dark red, lobes shorter than the tube; stamens longer than the

corolla tube, exserted beyond the throat but shorter than the lobes,

anthers axe-shaped, densely pubescent, shorter than the filaments;

ovary little longer to little shorter than the style; immature capsule

9-10 mm. long and 4-5 mm. wide, ovoid; seed black.

Amazonas: Above Calcamar, in thin soil over limestone rocks,

alt. 2,600-2,900 m., F. W. Pennell 15609; Chachapoyas, Cerro Calla-

Calla, 8 km. W. of Leimebamba, Edwin 3702.

Alonsoa pallida Edwin, Fieldiana: Botany 31 (8) : 230. 1967.

Glabrous, erect, oppositely branching shrub, branchlets square.

Leaves elliptical or subovate elliptical, up to 1 cm. long and 0.6 cm.

wide, short-petiolate, margins few-toothed, serrate to laciniate, some-

times dimidiate at base, young blades sometimes puberulent above,

nerves elevated beneath; petioles up to 2 mm. long; inflorescences

racemes; bracts minute; pedicels glabrous, up to 9 mm. long, shorter

than the capsule; mature flowers lacking; calyx lobes about 3 mm.

long, lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, acuminate, 3-nerved, tube lack-

ing; corolla white; stamens included in the corolla tube; anthers

sagittate, shorter than the filaments; capsule 7-10 mm. long and 3-

5 mm. wide, ovoid; seed shining black. Known only from the type.

Cajamarca: Below Llama. Herb with whitish corolla. Banks,

alt. 1,900-2,100 m., Pennell 15918 (BM).

ANGELONIA H. and B.

Herbs or occasionally subshrubs, glabrous, viscid, glandular-

pubescent, stems and branches often 4-angled at the apices, round

FLORA OF PERU 477

below. Leaves all opposite or opposite below and becoming sub-

opposite and then alternate base to apex, blades narrowly lanceolate

to ovate, subsessile or sometimes sessile; flowers axillary, pedicellate,

1 or 2 in each axil or few-clustered in axils;1 calyx 5-toothed or more

deeply cut; corolla with short tube, subrotate, explanate, 2-lipped,

lobes 5, rounded, the 2-lobed posterior lip a little shorter than the

3-lobed anterior lip that is saccate at the throat and supplied with

a horn-like process at the base; stamens 4-didynamous, filaments

short, anther locules distinct, divaricate; ovary shorter than the

style, stigma lobes united, punctiform or capitate; capsule loculici-

dal, rarely secondarily septicidal; seed brown to yellow-brown with

raised wing-like reticula.

About 15-20 species, generally distributed in tropical America,

greatest concentration in Brazil.2

Two species collected in Peru. One of these only doubtfully an

Angelonia.

Leaves lanceolate, most or all, four or more times longer than wide;

plants viscid, glandular-pubescent A. angustifolia.

Leaves ovate, less than four times longer than wide; plants essentially

glabrous (wood and petioles sparsely puberulent) . .A. procumbens.

Angelonia angustifolia Benth. in DC., Prodr. 10: 254. 1846.

Viscid, glandular-puberulent herbs or subshrubs.3 Leaves up to

9 cm. long and 1 cm. wide, mostly much smaller, margins closely to

distantly serrate or serrulate, sometimes subentire, acute, narrowed

to base, petiole when present up to about 1 mm. long, costa visible,

remaining nerves obsolete or almost so; pedicels from 0.8-2.0 cm.

long; flowers usually 2, sometimes 1 in each leaf axil,4 calyx about

4-6 mm. long, sepals elliptical, acute; corolla purple or blue-purple,

about 2-3 times longer than the calyx; stamens short, filaments 1-

2 mm. long, little longer or shorter than the anthers; pistil about

3-4 mm. long; capsule much exceeding the calyx, globose, style per-

sistent; seed conical, interspaces of reticula deep, testa appearing

honeycomb-like.

1 Extra Peruvian material sometimes with flowers in terminal racemes.

2 In the last 30 years there has been a great proliferation of specific epithets in

this genus. A careful monograph would prove most useful.

3 Extra Peruvian material frequently glabrous.

4 Extra Peruvian material almost always one flower in each leaf axil.

478 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Loreto: Palta-Cocha on the upper Rio Nanay, LI. Williams 1279;

San Salvador on the Amazon River, LI. Williams 1550; Pebas on the

Amazon River, LI. Williams 1818; La Victoria on the Amazon River,

LI. Williams 2749; Iquitos and vicinity, alt. 120 m., LI. Williams

3580; Lower Rio Huallaga, alt. 155-210 m., LI. Williams 4490.

Collected from Mexico through Central America and the West

Indies to British Guiana, Venezuela, Colombia, and Peru.

This species is closely related to A. salicariaefolia H. & B. and

also to A. biflora Benth. It differs from the former where the leaf-

base is clasping and not narrowed and from the latter where the

vesture is eglandular, and the size of which is much greater. Con-

ceivably, intermediates may be collected uniting these three taxa.

Angelonia procumbens Nees ex Mart., Nova Acta Acad. Nat.

Cur. 11: 45. 1823. Physidium procumbens Schrad., in Got. Gel. Ang.

714. 1821. Schelveria arguta Nees ex Mart., in Bot. Zeit. 1: 299,

328. 1821.

Subglabrous branched herb, sparsely puberulent on the 4-angled

and winged branches, between the wings and on the very short,

thickened petioles. Leaves opposite, upper occasionally suboppo-

site, ovate, mostly subsessile, sometimes sessile, up to about 4.0 cm.

long and 1.5 cm. wide, acute or long-acute, obtuse or rounded at

base, margins serrate, especially upper three-fourths of blade, ser-

rations appressed, primary veins usually apparent; flowers short-

pedicellate, solitary or few-clustered, axillary; calyx enlarged at base,

drying black, sepals sparsely, very short-ciliolate; anthers divaricate

on very short filaments, style thickened, stigmas united, capitate.

San Martin: Juan Jui, Alto Rio Huallaga, forest, about alt. 400

m., King 3842. (Kew Herb.)

Good flowers and mature fruit lacking. Only provisionally de-

termined as an Angelonia. The stamens as usually occurring in this

genus as well as the thickened style with capitate stigma seem to

indicate this section of the family. The flowers are not resupinate

as in Alonsoa R. & P. However, Angelonia procumbens Nees ex

Mart, which this specimen so strongly resembles is a species of low-

land southeastern Brazil (Bahia).

BACOPA Aubl.

Erect, repent or creeping herbs, sometimes forming mats, when

erect up to about 60 cm. tall, glabrous to densely pubescent. Leaf

FLORA OF PERU 479

blades narrowly obovate to almost round, sessile or petiolate, from

less than 1 cm. long to 5 cm. or little longer, margins entire to irreg-

ularly coarsely dentate, bases attenuate to broadly obtuse, apices

long-acute to rounded, usually glabrous (except B. salzmanni Benth.

with long, golden hair on tissue beneath near the base) ; flowers axil-

lary, solitary, or occasionally few-clustered (B. stricta (Schrad.)

Britt.), pedicellate (the pedicels ebracteolate or bibracteolate at base

or apex, immediately below the calyx); sepals imbricate, 5, the 2

outermost (posterior) broadest, the lateral and anterior narrower,

sometimes only a fifth as wide as the posterior, sometimes the poste-

rior and lateral sepals much enlarged, often the larger sepals toothed,

calyx tube wanting, the sepals often only loosely enveloping the

flower and fruit; corolla tube cylindric to campanulate, lobes flat-

tened or rounded, the throat open, lips mostly subequal, the upper

(posterior) 2-lobed, the lobes united little higher than the 3-lobed

lower (anterior) lip; stamens usually 4, didynamous, included in the

tube, sometimes one or both of a pair (the smaller) with non-func-

tional anthers, rarely one or both of the lower pair wanting, anthers

stalked or sessile on the filament, when on stipes versatile, when ses-

sile sagittate, versatile or dorsifixed, usually very small, about one-

fourth to one-half the length of the filament; ovary ellipsoid, black

or brown when dry, style little dilated at apex, usually a little longer

than the ovary, stigma lobes at least partly distinct; capsule ellip-

soid to broadly ellipsoid or subglobose, frequently shorter than the

calyx, usually 2-valved, rarely 4-valved; seed numerous, testa retic-

ulate; placenta columnar, little if at all thickened.

The genus (Bacopa the aboriginal name for B. aquatica Aubl., the

type) is here treated in the broadest sense (See: Edwin, Fieldiana:

Botany 31: no. 8, 227. 1967), containing 50-60 or more species, many

very poorly collected and understood. Monographic revision em-

ploying all the means and methods at the disposal of today's worker

is most necessary. The generic limits as well as the specific are in

dispute. Distributed mostly in the warm regions (less in the tem-

perate) of the world. Rare in Europe, uncommon in Africa, and

sparsely represented in Australasia. Basically New World with

greatest concentration in Brazil and with many species also in north-

central and northeastern South America. A secondary center is pres-

ent in Mexico. Four species have been collected thus far in Peru,

two of which are rare.

1. Pedicels bibracteolate at apex.

480 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

2. Leaf blades with margins entire, often sessile, mostly not ex-

ceeding 1.5 cm. long, cuneate or obovate, with attenuate bases;

margins of the outer 3 sepals entire; anthers sessile on the fila-

ments, dorsifixed B. monnieri.

2. Leaf blades with coarsely toothed margins, petiolate, mostly

more than 1.5 cm. long, up to 5.5 cm., mostly ovate or ellipti-

cally ovate; margins of the outer sepals sometimes toothed;

anthers on short stipes, versatile B. stricta.

1. Pedicels ebracteolate or bibracteolate at base.

3. Stems densely pubescent; leaf blades sessile, clasping, almost

connate, widest at the base, pubescent beneath with golden

hair; pedicels ebracteolate; anthers sessile on the filaments,

dorsifixed B. salzmanni.

3. Stems essentially glabrous; leaf blades short-petiolate, nar-

rowed to base, glabrous; pedicels bibracteolate at base; an-

thers on short stipes, versatile B. procumbens.

Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. in Engler and Prantl, Pflanzenf.

IV (3b): 77. 1891. Lysimachia monnieri L., Cent. Plant. 2: 9. 1756.

Gratiola monniera L., Amoen. Acad. 4: 306. 1759. Calytriplex obo-

vata Ruiz & Pav., Prodr. 84. 1797. Herpestis monnieri HBK., Nov.

Gen., et Sp. 2: 366. 1817. H. procumbens Spreng., Syst. Veg. 2: 802.

1825. Bramia monnieri (L.) Pennell, in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.

71: 243. 1920. Also Limosella calycina Forsk.; Septas repens Lour.;

Bramia indica Lam.; Monnieria brownei, M. africana, and M. pe-

dunculosa Pers.; Herpestis cuneifolia Michx.; Habershamia cuneifolia

(Michx.) Raf. and others.1

Repent or prostrate often matting, glabrous herb of wet places,

rarely floating on water. Leaves cuneate-obovate, attenuate to base,

usually not exceeding 1.5 cm. long and 5-6 mm. wide, entire, sessile

or almost so, apex rounded; internodes little longer or shorter than

the leaves; flowers axillary, solitary, pedicellate, small, up to about

1.0 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide when open, pedicels bibracteolate at

apex, mostly not exceeding 1 cm. long, often only 6-7 mm. long

(rarely long-pedicellate, ca. 2.0-2.5 cm.), erect, rarely reflexed; brac-

teoles linear to narrowly ellipsoid; sepals free, 4-5 mm. long, poste-

rior (outer) pair about 2.5-3.0 mm. wide, lateral sepal 1.5-2.0 mm.

1 Full synonymy with extended citations for this taxon can serve no useful

purpose at this time. The synonyms supplied are believed to be sufficient to indi-

cate both the nomenclatural and taxonomic disputes still prevalent in the Gratiolae

generally and this taxon in particular.

FLORA OF PERU 481

wide, anterior pair less than 0.7 mm. wide, often not reaching 0.5

mm., outer and lateral ovate or elliptic-ovate, inner linear; corolla

zygomorphic, bilabiate, tube shorter than the calyx, included, yel-

lowish within, cylindric-campanulate, the white to pink to lavender

or blue lobes little shorter than the tube, posterior pair little longer

than the anterior three lobes, the posterior lobes united little more

than the anterior, entire corolla about 6-9 mm. long; stamens 4,

didynamous, anthers about one-half as long as the filaments, sessile,

sagittate, dorsifixed; ovary ellipsoid, shorter than the corolla tube

and the 3.5-4.5 mm. long style, stigma 2-lobed, lobes coronate or

punctiform; capsule ellipsoid or ellipsoid-ovoid, septically dehiscent.

Cajamarca: Osgood and Anderson 37. — Huanuco: Prov. Huanuco,

Huacho, 8 km. N. of Huanuco, 1,920 m. alt., Stork & Horton 9413;

7,000 ft., Macbride 3223.— Lima: Chancay, Seaside cliff, Stork 9364;

Callao, Macbride 5884; Miraflores, Pennell 14284; Vargas 1232; Sin

Prov.: near Viscas, Pennell 14446- — Piura: Negritos, Haught 126;1

E. of Cape Parinas, Haught 126.1

Greatest concentration is the Southern United States, not un-

common in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies, sporadic

in South America to Paraguay and Brazil, rare in Malaya, Iraq, and

the Philippine Islands.

Bacopa procumbens (Mill.) Greenm., Field Mus. Bot. 2: 261.

1907. Erinus procumbens Miller, Gard. Diet. VIII (6). 1768 and

IX (13). 1797. Lindernia dianthera Sw., Prodr. 92. 1788; Miller

Gard. Diet. IX (2). 1797; Willd., Sp. PI. 3: 326. 1800. Herpestis

colubrina HBK., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 368. 1818. H. chamaidryoides

HBK., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 369. 1818; Benth. in DC., Prodr. 10: 393.

1846. H. peduncularis Benth. in Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 56. 1836;

Benth. in DC., Prodr. 10: 394. 1846. Bacopa chamaidryoides Wettst.

in Engler & Prantl, Pflanzenf. IV (3b): 76. 1895. Also Monniera

dianthera Millsp. (comb. nov. only, not as to specimens); Mecar-

donia procumbens Small; M. viridis Small; M. tennis Small; Pagesia

peduncularis (Benth.) Pennell; P. procumbens (Miller) Pennell; P.

dianthera (Sw.) Pennell; Bacopa dianthera (Sw.) Descole & Borsini.

Glabrous, upright or prostrate herb, when prostrate sometimes

forming mats, usually blackening when dry. Stems terete, much

branched from the base; leaves mostly ovate or elliptically ovate,

1 The labels, data, and number of these collections are mixed or duplicated.

While these two sheets may comprise but one collection it is best to consider them

distinct. That the material was collected in Depto. Piura seems clear.

482 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

dimidiately-attenuate to the petiole, up to 3.4 cm. long and 1.2 cm.

wide, usually about 1.5-2.5 cm. long and 0.6-1.0 cm. wide; margins

dentate or serrate-dentate on upper three-fourths of blade, acute;

petiole up to 1 cm. long, narrowly winged; flowers axillary, solitary;

pedicels lax, up to 2.5 cm. long, usually at least 2 times longer than

the flowers, bibracteolate at base; bracteoles narrowly lance-ovate,

short-petiolate; sepals very little united, ca. 0.5 mm. or (usually)

completely free, 6-8 mm. long, three outermost ovate, broadest,

often with toothed margins, two innermost narrow, almost linear,

entire, all sepals acute, innermost occasionally acuminate; corolla

yellow, 8-10 mm. long, tube included in the calyx, the short lobes

exserted but only little exceeding the calyx, upper lip of 2 lobes, gla-

brous within, lower of 3 lobes or the lowermost 2 lobes united, inter-

nally with club-shaped hairs in or near the throat; stamens 4, didyna-

mous, anthers on very short stipes, about one-fifth to one-third the

length of the 2-3 mm. long filament, versatile; ovary ellipsoid, in-

cluded in or only little exceeding the frequently papery calyx, sep-

ticidal.

Sporadic in Central to Northeastern Peru.

Junin: Above San Ramon, Hacienda Schunke, 1,300-1,700 m.,

Schunke A9; About 4,000 ft., Macbride 5670; Mito, 9,000 ft., Mac-

bride & Feather stone 14.17. — Loreto: above Pongo de Manseriche,

alt. 200m., Mexia 6173.— San Martin: San Roque, alt. 1,300-1,500

m., LI. Williams 714-8. — Sin Dept. : in Montanis Peruviae, Haenke

1900.

Widely distributed in the warm temperate and tropical zones of

the New World, from sea-level to 9,000 ft. or more elevation. In

usually drier sites than the preceding species, sometimes a garden

weed. Most abundant in Central America and Mexico, common in

the southern United States. Rarer in the West Indies. Sporadic

in South America in Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia and one collection

seen from Paraguay.

There is reasonable expectation that further collecting, especially

from the Eastern slopes of the Andes and from lowland Peru will

result in uncovering at least some if not all of the following species,

known from Brazil, Venezuela, and Colombia: B. aquatica Aubl.,

B. lilacina (Pennell) Standl., B. reptans, and B. ranaria Benth.,

known also from widespread Central America collections. In addi-

tion, three others can be expected, at present well represented in

Central America: B. parviflora Standl., B. reflexa, and B. sessiliflora

Edwall.

FLORA OF PERU 483

Bacopa salzmannii (Benth.) Wettst. in Engler & Prantl, Pflan-

zenf. IV (3b): 76. 1895. Herpestis salzmannii Benth., in Comp. Bot.

Mag. 2: 58. 1836.

Erect or reclining herb, stems soft, densely beset with golden

hairs, the internodes often 2 or more times longer than the sessile

to clasping leaf blades (internodes much shortened near the apex).

Leaves ovate-orbicular, up to about 1 cm. long and wide, almost con-

nate, margins entire or microscopically distantly crenulate, densely

beset with golden hairs beneath, near the base and on the lower half

of the tissue; flowers solitary, axillary on long, recurved, golden-

pubescent, ebracteolate pedicels; pedicels up to 3-4 times longer than

the calyx; flowers up to about 7 mm. long, not as wide; calyx up to

5 mm. long, sepals free, outermost 2 broadly ovate, cordate at base,

acute to subobtuse at apex, inner sepals much narrower, little

shorter; corolla white or creamy white, only little exceeding the

calyx, tube much longer than the very short lobes; stamens 4, in-

cluded in the corolla tube, didynamous, filament pairs little to very

different in length, anthers sessile, subsagittate, dorsifixed, varying

from less than to more than one-half the length of the filaments,

ovary only about 1.5 mm. long, ellipsoid, style about 2 times as long

as the ovary, stigma lobes distinct, lamellate; capsule ellipsoid, in-

cluded in the calyx, septicidal.

Rare in Peru. Lima: Lima, Callao, alt. about 8 ft., Macbride

5987.

A Central American species, where it is polymorphic. Common

in boggy and other wet sites from British Honduras to Panama; not

infrequent in Mexico. Found sporadically in South America in Co-

lombia, Bolivia, and Brazil.

This taxon varies widely in habit; from erect and unbranched to

branched, repent, creeping, matted and prostrate. The latter con-

ditions would be expected in Peru.

Bacopa stricta (Schrad.) Edwall, Bol. Conn. Georgr. Sao Paulo

13: 176, 180. 1897. Herpestis stricta Schrad. in Link, Enum. 2: 142.

1822. H. domingensis Spreng., Syst. 2: 801. 1825. H. polyantha

Benth., Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 57. 1836. Mella Vandelli, Fl. Lusit.

43, fig. 23. 1788. Generic description only, no generotype indicated.

This name is often a sectional or subgeneric designation of Bacopa

(or Herpestis} of authors, the section to which this species and

B. salzmannii Benth. pertain.

484 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Erect, subglabrous herb, stems terete or quadrangular, soft, usu-

ally sparsely and finely, very short-puberulent above. Leaves gla-

brous, petiolate, blades up to 6 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, usually

smaller, decreasing base to apex, ovate or elliptically ovate, narrowed

to long-acute bases and apices, occasionally apices subacuminate,

margins coarsely, irregularly dentate or serrate, venation pinnate,

apparent above and beneath; flowers small, up to about 8 mm. long,

usually solitary or few-clustered in leaf-axils, sometimes in short,

raceme-like inflorescences or racemes, pedicellate, dispersed often

from near the base of the plant to the apex; pedicels more or less

densely to sparsely pubescent, usually about as long as the calyces or

a little longer, shorter when the flower is immature, bibracteolate

near the apex; bracteoles linear, ca. 1 mm. long; calyx often dark red

in life, up to about 6 mm. long, usually 4-5 mm. posterior and lateral

sepals ovate, margins often soft-ciliate or ciliolate, acute, tube want-

ing; corolla up to 8 mm. long, not as wide, lobes only little exceeding

the calyx in length, tube and lobes white, tube internally marked

with yellow or blue near the throat; stamens 4, didynamous included

in the tube, anthers very small, often disposed on short stipes (visible

only at 20 X magnification or more) versatile, stipes sometimes sup-

pressed then anthers contiguous, dorsifixed ; style thick, much longer

than the 1-2 mm., ellipsoid ovary, stigma lobes wholly free; capsule

septicidal, short, ca. 3-5 mm. long, ovoid to ovoid-subglobose, style

frequently persisting.

Rare in Peru, only one collection seen, San Martin: San Roque,

1,300-1,500 m., LI. Williams 7165.

Sporadic and infrequent in South America; found also in Colom-

bia, Venezuela, Brazil, and Ecuador. Rare in the West Indies.

BARTSIA L.

Bartsia L., Gen. PL 262. 1754; Benth. in DC., Prodr. 10: 544.

1846. Trixago Stev., Mem. Soc. Mosc. 6: 4. 1823. Parentucellia

Viv., Fl. Lib. Spec. 31, t. 21, f. 3. 1824. Eufragia Griseb., Spicil.

Fl. Rumel. 2: 13. 1844. Alicosta Dulac., Fl. Hautes-Pyr. 381. 1867.

Annual or perennial herbs, sometimes subshrubs, usually vari-

ously pubescent and often glandular, erect to prostrate, usually

branched. Leaves usually opposite, occasionally alternate, the lower

often with axillary leaflets, mostly toothed, usually narrow (to ovate),

many times longer than wide, most often sessile and the apex obtuse,

upper frequently cordate-amplexicaul ; bracts similar to cauline or

FLORA OF PERU 485

modified, entire, subentire and narrower; flowers mostly 8-28 mm.

long, forming spikes or racemes, rarely solitary and axillary; calyx

tubular or campanulate, 4-lobed; corolla galeate, galea usually longer

than the 3-lobed lower lip, occasionally shorter, mostly glandular-

pubescent, sometimes glands wanting, rarely glabrous; lobes of the

lip erect or patent; throat occasionally with a small palate, tube

mostly longer than the lips; stamens 4, didynamous, with the style

included in the galea, filaments often with minute sessile glands, an-

thers usually long-pubescent, most often basally mucronate or apic-

ulate; stigma exserted, lobes united or rarely partially distinct, ovary

rarely glabrous, usually densely beset with stiff, long, golden hair;

capsule with vesture as the ovary, narrowly ellipsoid to ovoid, little

shorter to twice the length of the calyx, apically usually obtuse,

emarginate, apiculate; seeds numerous, minute, testa closely adher-

ent, surface many-striate-sulcatulate.

The genus has an unusual and disjunct distribution. One species

each in North America and Australia; between five and ten in Europe

and Africa. The center of concentration is in Andean South America

with about 50 species of which 32 are found in Peru. A number of

taxa most probably remain to be described, especially in Africa and

South America.

1. Corolla externally glabrous or sparsely hispidulous.

2. Galea equal to or longer than the lower lip of the corolla.

B. elongata.

2. Galea shorter than the lower lip of the corolla.

3. Leaf blade with entire margins B. integrifolia.

3. Most of the leaf blade margins grossly toothed. . . .B. aurea.

1. Corolla especially the galea, externally puberulent or pubescent

and often glandular.

4. Calyx 18-20 mm. long; corolla brown B. peruviana.

4. Calyx less than 18 mm. long; corolla yellow or red, less often

white or purple.

5. Anthers glabrous or very sparsely hispidulous.

6. Corolla tube shorter than the lips B. calycina.

6. Corolla tube equal to or longer than the lips.

7. Galea equal to or longer than the lower lip.

8. Pedicels of mature flowers 2-3 mm. long or longer.

9. Anthers blunt at the lower end, without mucra or

acumina. ..B.mutica.

486 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

9. Anthers mucronate or acuminate at the lower end.

B. pedicularioides.

8. Pedicels of mature flowers less than 2 mm. long.

10. Bract margins with few to many rounded ex-

trorse teeth or lobes; calyx usually glandular.

11. Plants erect, elongate, galea puberulent or

when glandular-pubescent, glands long-

stalked B. santolinaefolia.

11. Plants dwarf, often procumbent; galea gland-

ular-pubescent, glands subsessile . . B. diffusa.

10. Bract margins with small, sharp antrorse lobes;

calyx eglandular B. biloba.

7. Galea shorter than the lower lip.

12. Leaf blades most often lance-ovate, oblong or vari-

ously obovate; bracts ovate or obovate.

13. Blades mostly oblong to lance-ovate.

14. Stems suberect or ascending, clustered or branch-

ing from the base; plants dwarf, usually less

than 20 cm. tall B. diffusa.

14. Stems erect, solitary, branching above the base,

elongate, much more than 20 cm. tall.

B. mutica.

13. Blades and bracts variously obovate.

B. simulans.

12. Leaf blades linear; bracts linear, oblong-linear or

narrowly lance-subovate B. curtiflora.

5. Anthers distinctly pubescent with mostly long and curled or

matted hair.

15. Galea shorter than the lower lip of the corolla.

16. Corolla tube about as long as the lips.

17. Calyx lobes acute, shorter than the tube. . .B. aurea.

17. Calyx lobes obtuse or subobtuse, usually as long as

the tube or longer, rarely when shorter margins

crenate B. diffusa.

16. Corolla tube longer than the lips.

18. Calyx lobes obtuse; plants straggling, suberect,

or erect.

FLORA OF PERU 487

19. Galea little shorter than the lip; bracts ovate;

plants suberect-ascending, dwarfed . . E. diffusa.

19. Galea about one-half as long as lower lip ; bracts

oblong or elliptical; plant elongate, erect.

B. meyeniana.

18. Calyx lobes acute; plants usually erect.

20. Calyx lobes narrow, linear or little wider, mostly

as long as or longer than the tube.

21. Pubescence cinerous or canescent, appressed,

mostly eglandular; bracts usually entire, lin-

ear or narrowly lanceolate B. canescens.

21. Pubescence golden or white or brown, often

glandular; bracts usually toothed, broader

than linear B. bartsioides.

20. Calyx lobes lance-triangular, lance-ovate or nar-

rowly ovate or oblong, usually shorter than the

tube.

22. Tube of the 9-12 mm. long corolla more than

half included in the calyx B. curtiflora.

22. Tube of the 13-22 (-26) mm. long corolla

more than half exserted from the calyx.

B. anomala.

15. Galea equaling to 2-3 times longer than the lower lip of

the corolla.

23. Galea equaling to up to a fourth longer than the lip.

24. Corolla tube shorter than and included in the calyx,

usually equaling to sometimes shorter than the lips

of the corolla B. subinclusa.

24. Corolla tube exserted and longer than the calyx and

most often longer than the corolla lips.

25. Bracts entire or with a few pairs (up to 4) of dis-

tant often obscure teeth.

26. Calyx cleft more deeply medianly than laterally,

cleavages very short, lobes very unequal.

B. biloba.

26. Calyx cleft equally medianly and laterally, lobes

equal or almost so.

27. Flowers ca. 10 mm. long; calyx lobes deltoid-

triangular. . . ., B. parvifolia.

488 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

27. Flowers 13-18 (-20) mm. long; calyx lobes

linear or lance-linear B. bartsioides.

25. Bracts with several pairs of close, often obtuse or

rounded teeth.

28. Flowers up to 13 mm. long, rarely reaching

15 mm., usually 8-11 mm.; calyx lobes most

often much shorter than the tube.

29. Dwarf, often less than 2 cm. tall, deep-

rooted, decumbent to suberect plants, usu-

ally branching from the base, frequently

stems clustered B. diffusa.

29. Elongate, more than 2 cm. tall, shallow-

rooted, erect plants, branching from well

above the base or unbranched, stems soli-

tary.

30. Foliage and fruit glabrous or subglabrous,

the few hairs when present on the fruit,

white; corolla whitish; stems unbranched.

B. glabra.

30. Foliage and fruit more or less densely

pubescent, the fruit beset apically with

golden hair; corolla yellow, pink or pur-

ple; stems most frequently branched.

31. Pubescence hispid, hard. . .B. hispida.

31. Pubescence pilose, soft.

B. santolinaefolia.

28. Flowers mostly 15-16 (-20) mm. long; calyx

lobes only little shorter to equalling the tube.

B. bartsioides.

23. Galea more than a fourth longer than the lip, up to 2-

3 times longer.

32. At least most of the flowers less than 14 mm. long.

33. Corolla tube equal to or shorter than the lips.

34. Calyx lobes subacute or obtuse.

35. Calyx lobes crenate B. filiformis.

35. Calyx lobes entire B. orthocarpiflora.

34. Calyx lobes acute, pubescence stiff (hispid).

B. elachophylla.

FLORA OF PERU 489

33. Corolla tube longer than the lips.

36. Bracts longer than the flowers.

37. Stem glandular-hispid above; calyx teeth tri-

angular; pedicels less than 3 mm. long.

B. brachyantha.

37. Stems with stiff, multicellular, pointed hair;

calyx teeth broadly ovate; pedicels often 3

mm. long B. duripilis.

36. Bracts shorter than the flowers.

38. Plants caespitose B. sanguined.

38. Stems not tufted, either branched or un-

branched.

39. Flowers and fruit on erect pedicels up to

7 (-8) mm. long B. pedicellata.

39. Flowers and fruit sessile or subsessile;

pedicels neither erect nor exceeding 3

mm. long.

40. Calyx lobes crenate B. filiformis.

40. Calyx lobes entire.

41. Flowers white or whitish, or yellow

or red; calyx lobes oblong, obtuse.

42. Corolla about 2 times as long as

the calyx, anthers sparsely, galea

little more, pubescent; galea up

to 2 times longer than the lip.

B. glabra.

42. Corolla about 3 times longer than

the calyx; anthers and galea

densely pubescent; galea about 3

times longer than the lip.

B. orthocarpiflora.

41. Flowers green; calyx lobes lance- tri-

angular, acute B. viridis,

32. At least most of the flowers more than 14 mm. long.

43. Corolla tube equal to or shorter than the lips.

44. Flowers on filiform pedicels, 5-10 mm. long;

galea up to about 2 times longer than the lip.

B. weberbaueri.

490 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

44. Flowers sessile or on thicker and shorter pedi-

cels, up to 4 mm. long; galea about 3 times

longer than the lip B. orthocarpiflora.

43. Corolla tube longer than the lips.

45. Leaves glabrous except for marginal articulated,

1 mm. long hair; stems solitary. .B. trichophylla.

45. Leaves usually pubescent on tissue and veins,

marginal hair present or lacking, when present

not articulated; when leaves glabrous, stems

clustered or tufted.

46. Galea usually deeply emarginate or obcor-

date; pubescence stiff, usually 2-celled.

B. altissima.

46. Galea entire or merely faintly emarginate at

apex; pubescence otherwise.

47. Stems caespitose, basally branched.

B. sanguined.

47. Stems solitary, not branching from the

base.

48. Flowers frequently 2 cm. long or longer;

galea up to 2 times the length of the lip.

B. inaequalis.

48. Flowers up to 16 mm. long; galea about

3 times the length of the lip.

B. orthocarpiflora.

Bartsia altissima Rusby, Phytologia 1: 75-76. 1934.

Upright (very) densely hispid herb, stems much branched and

sulcate, pubescence often clustered, the trichomes usually swollen at

the base and usually 2-celled, occasionally 1-celled, retrorse. Leaves

sessile, clasping, broadest at the base, lance oblong, up to more than

2 cm. long and almost or quite 1 cm. wide, coarsely crenate-dentate,

the teeth rounded-obtuse, the sinuses narrow, apex obtuse, veins

very apparent beneath, the costa often keeled, the pubescence fre-

quently clustered here and on the secondary veins, these 4-5 pairs;

spikes short, few-flowered, interrupted, short-pedicellate; pedicels ca.

3-4 mm. long; calyx 7-10 mm. long, tube campanulate, lobes un-

equally, broadly triangular, acute, shorter than the tube; corolla red

or dark brown-red, pubescent inside and outside, 15-18 mm. long,

tube a little longer than the galea, throat swollen, galea about 2 times

FLORA OF PERU 491

longer than the lip, usually deeply (for the genus) obcordate or emar-

ginate, lobes on the lips ovate; anthers lanate, mucronate; style very

short, puberulent apically, stigma lobes united, at least partly, most

often wholly, ovary densely beset with long, stiff, golden hair; cap-

sule densely pubescent as the ovary, ellipsoid or ovoid, blunt at apex,

a little longer than the calyx, style persisting.

Ayacucho: Between Huanta and Hacienda Pargora, alt. 4,200 m.,

Killip & Smith 23301; Huanta, Punas above Huanta, alt. 12,000-

13,000 ft., Pearce s.n. — Cuzco: Paucartambo to Tres Cruces, Cerro

de Cusilluyoc, thickets and rocky banks, alt. 3,400-3,600 m., Pen-

nell 13810; Pillahuata, Cerro de Cusilluyoc, thickets in valley of Rio

Pillahuata, alt. 2,300-3,000 m., Pennell 13926; Lares Prov., at Lares,

alt. 3,200 m., Marin 2307.

Type from Bolivia (Pongo) at 12,000 ft. The Peruvian material

differs in having unbranched hairs and a larger calyx but is clearly

the same taxon. Rusby's specimen apparently had no corollas or

fruit suitable for description.

Bartsia anomala Edwin, Phytologia 19: 362. 1970.

Perennial herb, usually pubescent, occasionally merely puberu-

lent on stems branches and foliage, erect, sometimes branching from

the base. Leaves linear to lanceolate, crenate, slightly bullate, ob-

tuse, narrowed to base, sessile; inflorescences spikes, usually lax and

basally interrupted; pedicels 1.0-2.5 mm. long; bracts usually as the

leaves, except margins distantly crenulate to almost entire, espe-

cially near the apices of the branches; flowers 13-22 (-26) mm. long,

corolla yellow or lower lip occasionally red to purple; calyx 8-11 mm.

long, tubular, the acute, narrowly lance-oblong or lance-triangular

lobes shorter than the tube; corolla tube longer than the lips, over

one-half exserted, galea shorter than the lower lip whose lobes are

oblong, rounded; filaments glabrous or with a few, minute, sessile,

scattered glands, anthers pubescent, mucronate at base; stigma lobes

united, style minutely, sparsely puberulent, ovary densely beset with

long, stiff, golden hair; capsule usually shorter than the calyx, occa-

sionally about equal to the calyx, ellipsoid-ovoid, obtuse, apiculate,

pubescent on the upper half, as the ovary.

Ancash: Cordillera Blanca, alt. 4,000 m., Kinsl. P2298.— Caja-

marca: S.W. of Paso de Gavilan, S. of Cajamarca, alt. 2,700-2,750 m.,

Pennell & Anderson 15104- — Cuzco: Limestone, open ground, alt.

11,300 ft., Gourlay 96; Prov. Anta, alt. 3,200 m., Herrera 3629, Cerro

de Colquepata, rocky slope on trail from Paucartambo to Vilcanota,

492 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

alt. 3,400-3,700 m., Pennell 14176.— Huancavelica : Prov. Tayacaja,

Hills N. of Pampas, alt. 3,200 m., Stork & Horton 10247.

This species differs from all other Bartsias by the combination

of the following characters : galea shorter than the lip and lanceolate-

oblong or lance-triangular, calyx lobes that are acute and clearly

shorter than the calyx tube as well as relatively long, much exserted

corollas.

The taxon appears sporadically over much of Andean Peru.

Bartsia aurea Edwin, Phytologia 19: 363. 1970.

Perennial (?) herb, up to 30 cm. tall, stems and branches lanate,

oldest stems excepted, branching from the base, main branches erect

or soon ascending. Leaves densely pubescent, sessile on the stems

and branches, oblong-linear, up to 4 mm. long, the bracteate blades

narrowly lance-ovate or linear, 5-7 mm. long, margins remotely

crenate, apex obtuse, base occasionally a little narrowed ; spikes ap-

ical, up to 4.5 cm. long, lax or subdense; bracts almost as long as the

calyx, with a few, distant pairs of marginal teeth; pedicels lacking or

up to 1.5 mm. long; calyx cylindric, 7-8 mm. long, densely pubescent,

eglandular or almost so, tube usually a little longer than the narrowly

lance-ovate, acute lobes; corolla yellow, 9-10 mm. long, tube a little

longer than the lips, galea glabrous to puberulent, shorter than the

lip (about one-half as long), lobes of the lip spreading, unequal, ellip-

tically ovate, the median much longer and a little narrower than the

lateral ; filaments inserted near the base of the corolla tube, apically

sparsely glandular with sessile glands, anthers sparsely to less often

densely long-pubescent, basally acuminate; style puberulent on upper

half, stigma-lobes united, punctiform, ovary densely beset with long,

stiff, golden hairs; fruit unknown.

Cuzco: Paucartambo, open, rocky slopes SSW. of Paucartambo,

alt. 3,200-3,400 m., Pennell 14171. The only collection.

Stems slender and with a grey cast when dry. The combination

of the galea much shorter than the lip and also glabrous or sparsely

puberulent, yellow corolla and unequal lobing of the lower lip, as well

as the small size of the corolla separates this taxon from all other

Bartsias.

Bartsia bartsioides (Hook.) Edwin, comb. nov. Lamourouxia

bartsioides Hook., Bot. Misc. 2: 234. 1831. Bartsia densiflora Benth.

in DC., Prodr. 10: 548. 1846; Wedd. Chi. And. Nov. 2: 130. 1860.

Bartsia thiantha Diels in Engler, Bot. 37: 432. 1906.

FLORA OF PERU 493

Perennial, stems erect and branched, often reflexed-hispid, occa-

sionally hair softer, plants pubescent and glandular-pubescent. Leaves

linear, linear-lanceolate, oblong or linear-oblong, up to more than

3 cm. long, most often between 1.0-2.5 cm. and up to 8 mm. wide,

frequently not exceeding 5 mm., crenate or dentate, often bullate,

margins plane or little revolute, obtuse, clasping at the sessile base;

flowers (13-) 15-18 (-20) mm. long, in usually dense spikes, yellow or

purple and yellow, very rarely white, sometimes different colored

flowers on one plant; bracts about as long as the calyx, margins en-

tire or subentire to closely toothed, the teeth rounded-obtuse or less

often acute; calyces 8-12 mm. long, inflated, lobes acute, little shorter

to most often about equal in length to the tube, linear to less often

very narrowly triangular; corolla tube usually a little exserted, some-

times equal to the calyx, longer than the lips, galea little shorter to

little longer than the lip, glandular-pubescent; anthers pubescent,

basally mucronulate, filaments sparsely glandular, the minute glands

with a bulbous base, abruptly narrowed to a linear apiculum; stigma

sparsely puberulent, ovary densely pubescent, hairs stiff, long and

golden; capsule ellipsoid-ovoid, little shorter to as long as the calyx,

pubescent as the ovary but less densely, apex obtuse, apiculate.

By far the commonest Bartsia in Peru and one of the most fre-

quently encountered in the central and southern Andes Mountains.

In Peru from Ancash to Puno at higher elevations.

Ancash: Above Laguna de Llanganuco, 25 km. E. of Yungay, alt.

4,000 m., Edwin 3806. — Apurimac: Cordillera Salcantay, alt. 4,300

m., Rauh-Hirsch P 1400; Prov. Andahuaylas, alt. 2,700 m., Stork &

Horton 10682. — Arequipa: Prov. Moquegua, Saylapa near Carumas,

alt. 3,600-3,700 m., Weberbauer 7347; Nevado de Chachani, alt.

3,200-3,600 m., Pennell 13256; Arequipa, alt. 3,100-3,300 m., Pen-

nell 1^276. — Ayacucho: Prov. Parinacochas, below Caucala, alt.

3,200-3,300 m., Weberbauer 5784- — Cuzco: Colinas de Laxaihuaman,

alt. 3,600 m., Herrera 2374; Cordilleras del Pachahuasan, alt. 4,400

m., Herrera 2575; Tambomachay, alt. 3,800 m., Marin 1417; Sacsa-

huaman, above Cuzco, alt. 3,500-3,600 m., Pennell 13697; Cuzco,

on trail to Pisac, alt. 3,500-3,600 m., Pennell 13697; Corapampa

between Cuzco and Pisac, alt. 3,500-3,600 m., Pennell 13704; Cerro

de Cusilluyoc, alt. 3,400-3,3900 m., Pennell 13811; Cordillera Ve-

ronica, Rauh-Hirsch P 966; Ausangate, alt. 4,700 m., Rauh-Hirsch

P 1150; Soukup 572; alt. 12,500 ft., Stafford 797; Parugo, alt. 3,800

m., Vargas 894; Canas, Asuncion Bridge, alt. 3,720 m., Vargas 11034;

Prov. Urubamba, alt. 2,850 m., Vargas 1156. — Junin: Prov. Huan-

494 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

cayo, alt. 3,400 m., Stork & Horton 10219. — Lima: Matucana, alt.

800 ft., Macbride & Featherstone 429; Canta, alt. 2,700-3,200 m.,

Pennell 14334; Rio Chillon, above Obrajillo, alt. 2,800-3,300 m., Pen-

mil 14428; San Buenaventura, alt. 2,700-3,700 m., Pennell 14621;

alt. 3,600-3,800 m., Pennell 14641 ; Huaros, alt. 3,200-3,600 m., Pen-

nell 14707. — Puno: Lake Titicaca, alt. 4,000 m., Mannheim M 70;

M 137; alt. 400 m., Soukup 103; 303; Putina, Azangaro, Soukup 970.

—Sin. Dept.: Haenke 1981; Sin. Loc.: Ruiz & Pawn s.n.; Soukup

1190.

Bartsia biloba Wedd., Chi. And. Nov. 2: 123. 1860.

Annual up to about 11-12 cm. tall, stems simple or branched from

the base, ascending, hispid, the hairs tending to aggregate in more or

less thick, definite lines. Leaves mostly oblong-lanceolate, up to

9 mm. long and about 1-2 mm. wide, hispidulous, crenate-bullate,

obtuse, at least the lower a little narrowed to the sessile base; spikes

more or less lax, appearing subdense in fruit, interrupted; pedicels

up to 2 mm. long, thickened; flowers up to 11 mm. long; calyx cam-

panulate-oblong, pubescent, 5-7 mm. long, tube much longer than

the lobes, cleft more deeply medianly than laterally; lobes unequal,

the lateral shorter than the median and than the tube, acute; corolla

"drab" purple, tube little longer than the calyx, and corolla lips;

galea concave at apex, densely tomentose, little longer than the lip

whose short lobes are ovate-rounded ; filaments glandular (30x) , an-

thers sparsely pilose or glabrous, mucronate at base; style glabrous,

stigma lobes united, ovary beset with long, stiff, golden hair; capsule

ovate, acute, pubescent as the ovary, about as long as the calyx.

Cuzco: Paso de Tre"s Cruces, Cerro de Cusilluyoc, alt. 3,800-

3,900 m., open grassy paramo, Pennell 13818.

The type also from Cuzco, not seen.

The unequally cleft calyx quickly and clearly delimits this taxon.

Bartsia brachyantha Diels., Bot. Jahrb. 37: 431. 1906.

Subshrub with stems up to 9.5 m. tall, angled, glandular-hispid

above. Leaves twining from the base, ovate or oblong, flattened,

crenate-serrate, hispid, 2-3 cm. long and 1.0-1.2 cm. wide; floral

leaves exceeding the flowers; spike interrupted; flowers very short-

pedicellate; calyx tube subscarious, 4-5 mm. long, teeth triangular,

very hispid, 4 mm. long; corolla purplish-blotched, pubescent, tube

5 mm. long and 3.5 mm. wide, galea 4 mm. long, lip 2 mm. long;

anthers pilose. (After original description.)

FLORA OF PERU 495

Sin. Dept.: Above Cuyocuyo, alt. 3,600-3,800 m., Weberbauer

919. (Material not seen.)

Bartsia calycina Diels., Bot. Jahrb. 37: 432. 1906.

Laxly branched subshrub, up to 50 cm. tall, branches dark purple,

with the leaves glandular-hispidulous above. Cauline leaves patent,

dilated at base, lance-ovate, conspicuously bullate-crenate, 18-22

mm. long and 2-4 mm. wide, none smaller; floral leaves a little

smaller, acute, usually entire, exceeding the flowers; calyx glandular,

teeth linear-lanceolate, very acute, 2 times longer than the tube,

about 10 mm. long; corolla purple, tube about 6 mm. long, galea

7 mm. long, lip 8 mm. long, internally deep yellow; anthers glabrous.

(After original description.)

Ancash: Between Samanco and Caraz near Cajabamba, alt.

3,000-3,500 m., Weberbauer 3166. (Material not seen.)

Bartsia canescens Wedd., Chi. And. Nov. 2: 123. 1860.

Perennial or annual herb, with usually much branched, clustered,

canescent-hispidulous stems. Leaves linear-oblong, hispid, sessile,

4-8 mm. long and 1-2 mm. wide, eglandular as the stems and

branches, crenate and plane to entire and revolute, obtuse, not nar-

rowed to base; spikes few-flowered, lax; flowers sessile or subsessile;

calyx 9-11 mm. long, ovate-oblong, glandular-hispid, lobes linear,

entire, acute almost equaling the length of the tube; corolla 12-18

mm. long, tube exserted, longer than the lips, galea yellow, lip red-

dish; galea glandular-hispid, usually a little shorter than the sub-

glabrous or glabrous lip, rarely equaling its length, lip erect, lobes

unequal, median bigger than the lateral, rounded ; filaments glabrous,

anthers pilose, basally acuminate; style pubescent above, stigma

lobes united, punctiform, ovary narrowly ellipsoid, beset with long,

stiff, golden hair; capsule apically pubescent, about as long as the

enveloping calyx.

Apurimac: Prov. Andahuaylas, Pincos, alt. 2,700 m., Stork &

Horton 10686. — Ayacucho: Weberbauer 5516. — Cuzco: Gay s.n. (not

seen). — Lima: Dombey s.n.

Bartsia curtiflora Edwin, Phytologia 19: 363. 1970.

Erect or ascending, dwarf to 35 cm. tall, usually perennial, rarely

annual herb, usually branching from the base, densely pubescent,

the inflorescence often glandular-pubescent on stems, calyx and co-

rolla. Leaves linear to narrowly lance-subovate, only rarely exceed-

496 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

ing 1.2 cm. long, usually less than 1.0 cm. long and l-3(-4) mm.

wide, subentire to crenulate, plane or little revolute, obtuse, narrowed

or not to the sessile, clasping base; inflorescences long or short, usu-

ally dense, occasionally lax, often interrupted below, spikes or spike-

like; pedicels up to 2 mm. long; bracts linear and few- toothed to

lance-subovate and more or less closely crenulate; calyx tubular-

funnelform, 7-8 mm. long, lobes lanceolate or narrowly lance-oblong

or triangular, a little shorter to about equaling the length of the tube,

acute; corolla usually yellow, 9-12 mm. long, tube from more than

one-half to almost entirely included, longer than the lips, galea a

little shorter than the lip; filaments sparsely glandular on upper one-

half with sessile glands, anthers glabrous to more or less densely

long-pubescent, basally acuminate; stigma lobes united, style puber-

ulent over its entire length, ovary densely stiff, golden pubescent;

capsule longer than the calyx, oblong to ellipsoid-ovoid, obtuse with

a sharp apiculum, the style persisting or deciduous.

Arequipa: Pichu Pichu, alt. 13,500 ft., Stafford 810.—Cuzco:

Prov. Anta, alt. 3,200 m., Herrera 3625; 3626; 3627b; alt. 3,450 m.,

Vargas 296; Cuzco: Ollantaitambo, open rocky slope, alt. 3,000-

3,100 m., Pennell 13643.— Lima: Rio Blanco, alt. 3,000-3,500 m.,

Kittip & Smith 21633.— Puno: Araranca, alt. 4,100-4,300 m., Pen-

nell 13433.

This species differs from all other Bartsias by the combination of

the following characters: galea shorter than the lip, bracts linear to

narrowly lance-subovate as are the leaves, corolla tube largely in-

cluded in the calyx, the anthers sometimes glabrous and the narrow

acute calyx teeth that are as long or almost as long as the calyx tube.

Bartsia diffusa Benth. in DC., Prodr. 10: 546. 1846. B. pumila

Benth. I.e. 546.

Subshrub, dwarf to about 20 cm. tall, decumbent to ascending,

diffusely branched from the base, sometimes stems clustered, pubes-

cent to glandular-pubescent and often viscose. Leaves oblong to

lance-ovate or narrowly ovate, 4-11 mm. long, bullate-crenate, ob-

tuse at apex, little narrowed to the sessile base; inflorescences dense,

usually glandular-pubescent spikes; bracts ovate or obovate, margins

obtusely toothed; pedicels only rarely reaching 2 mm. long; flowers

8-11 (-13) mm. long, yellow, less often yellow and red or red; calyx

tubular-campanulate, lobes obtuse, usually longer than the tube,

entire, occasionally shorter than the tube, crenulate; corolla tube

usually exserted, a little longer than the lips, rarely only equal to the

FLORA OF PERU 497

lips, galea most often shorter than the lower lip, occasionally vary-

ing to a little longer, glandular-pubescent or eglandular or puberu-

lent; anthers glabrous to sparsely pubescent, mucronate basally;

ovary densely pubescent, hair stiff and white; capsule up to 8 mm.

long, exceeding the calyx, pubescent as the ovary, ellipsoid, obtuse.

Arequipa: Nevado de Chachani, alt. 3,900-4,000 m., Pennell

13287', alt. 4,000 m., Rauh-Hirsch P 616; 617; Pichu Pichu, alt.

13,500 ft., Stafford 810.—Cuzco: Cerro de Colquipata, alt. 4,000-

4,200 m., Pennell 13734; Aricoma Pass above Crucero, alt. 16,000 ft.,

Stafford 1099. — Dept. and Prov. Huancavelica: in puna grass, alt.

3,900 m., Stork & Norton 10848. — Junin: Cobracancha Valley, alt.

4,200 m., Grant 7540; near Morococha, alt. 4,350-4,800 m., Grant

7559; Yauli, alt. 13,500 ft., Macbride & Featherstone 912; 924; Huan-

cayo: In puna grass, alt. 4,500 m., Stork 10938; alt. 4,400 m., Stork

10941. — Lima: Cerro Colorado, E. of Canta, paramo slope, alt.

4,000-4,100 m., Pennell 14675; alt. 4,500 m., Rauh-Hirsch P 258.—

Pasco: Cerro de Pasco, Mathews s.n. — Puno: Santa Lucia, alt. 14,000

ft., Sharpe 150; Capachica Peninsular, alt. 12,700 ft., Tutin 1018 —

Sin. Depto: Huaron, alt. 14,000 ft., Macbride & Featherstone 1117.

— Sin. Loc.: Weberbauer 6480; Weddell s.n.

Bartsia duripilis Edwin, Phytologia 19: 364. 1970.

Subshrub, erect and branched, wood and foliage hispid, the pu-

bescence thickened at base, stem 4-angled and striate-sulcate. Leaves

amplexicaul and cordate-subhastate, widest at the base, mostly

shorter than the internodes, oblong, the largest about 4.0 cm. long

and 1.5 cm. wide, frequently 3.0 cm. long and 1.0 cm. wide, very

coarsely crenate, obtuse; flowers axillary, pedicellate, in upper leaf-

axils; bracts longer than the flowers, subovate; pedicels up to 5 mm.

long, densely pubescent; calyx obliquely campanulate, 8-9 mm. long,

tube much longer than the broadly ovate, obtuse, 1 -veined lobes,

pubescent; corolla up to 12 mm. long, dark rose colored with the

lower lip greenish bordered, tube longer than the lips, included in the

calyx, galea dorsally tomentulose, obtuse, at least 2 times longer than

the lower lip, barely emarginate, lip at least partly included in the

calyx, lobes ovate, subequal; filaments with sessile glands on upper

part, anthers pubescent with long, matted hair, acuminate at base;

style puberulent, stigma lobes united, ovary densely beset with long,

golden, stiff hair; fruit unknown.

Ayacucho: Prov. Huanta: Putis, Choimacota Valley, in evergreen

shrub woods, alt. 3,200-3,300 m., Weberbauer 7533.

498 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

A clearly distinct taxon differing from all other Bartsias by the

following combination of characters: stiffly hispid pubescence, large

leaves, included corolla tube and partly included lower lip, oblique

calyx with short, broad, obtuse lobes, longish pedicels, flowers borne

in axils of leaves, not forming a definite spike or raceme and of small

size. The lack of a definite inflorescence is rare in Bartsia.

Bartsia elachophylla Diels., Bot. Jahrb. 37: 431. 1906.

Perennial herb or subshrub, branches ascending, stem hispidulous

above, about 50 cm. long. Leaves minute, sessile, suboblong-crenate,

bullate, 4-6 mm. long and 1 mm. wide, pubescent; spike few-flowered,

short, lax; flowers subsessile or short-pedicellate; calyx tube 4 mm.

long, teeth broadly triangular or triangular, short, 1.5 mm. long;

corolla tube about 4 mm. long, galea 5 mm. long, externally villulose,

light purple, lip erect, 3.5 mm. long, dark yellow or purple; anthers

pilose. (After original description, a few details added.)

Huanuco: Pillao, dry slope, alt. 2,700 m., Woytkowski 34-029.—

Junin: Weberbauer 2087, the type, not seen.

Bartsia elongata Wedd., Chi. And. Nov. 2: 127. 1860. B. elon-

gata subvar. pusilla Wedd., I.e.

Erect, annual, branched, glandular-pubescent herb. Upper leaves

linear-oblong and lanceolate, 5-15 mm. long, lower often wider and

amplexicaul, bullate-crenate, apex elongate; flowers short-pedicellate

or sessile, longer than the bracts; calyx oblong-campanulate, 5-6 mm.

long, glandular-hispid, calyx-teeth linear or linear-oblong, entire,

obtuse, a little longer than the tube; corolla up to 8 mm. long, the

tube as long as the calyx, galea hispidulous or glabrous, subequaling

the lip in length; anthers pubescent, with a very short barb or mucron

at the base, capsule oblong, apiculate (after the original description) .

Only a fragment of Weddell 3665 from the high elevations near

Carabaya seen. Collected (ace. Wedd.) also from the mountains

around Cuzco.

This species is close to B. hispida Benth and B. subinclusa Benth

differing from the former in having a much shorter, almost glabrous

corolla with tube included in the calyx and from the latter in having

a smaller calyx, non-tomentose corolla and more hispid stem. Study

of further collections when available may prove these taxa to be

conspecific.

FLORA OF PERU 499

Bartsia filiformis Wedd., Chi. And. Nov. 2: 126. 1860.

Perennial herb, stems elongate, thin, erect, subsimple, 4-angled,

puberulent. Leaves linear-oblong and linear, 8-12 mm. long, obtuse,

bullate-crenate, not or a little dilated at base, puberulent and gla-

brate; spike elongate, lax; flowers short-pedicellate or subsessile;

calyx 5-6 mm. long, oblong-campanulate, sparsely glandular-hirtus

or almost glabrous, lobes triangular, obtuse, crenate, a little shorter

than the tube; corolla 6 mm. long, tube included, galea ovate, ob-

tuse, pubescent, about 2 times as long as the lip; anthers sparsely

pilose; capsule oblong, subemarginate, apiculate; corolla yellow-

green. (After original description and comments.)

Sin. Dept. : Near Ayapata. Lechler exsicc. n. 1818 (Type K).

Bartsia glabra Edwin, Phytologia 19: 365. 1970.

Herb, stem simple, sparsely puberulent, rarely pubescent with the

short-pubescence subappressed or appressed, foliage and fruit gla-

brous or the capsules occasionally with scant, white pubescence api-

cally. Leaves linear or aciculiform to narrowly oblong-linear, up to

11 mm. long and 1-2 mm. wide, often 6-8 mm. long, margin bullate-

crenate and revolute, obtuse and hammate at apex, slightly broad-

ened and clasping at the sessile base, the costa elevated beneath;

spikes dense above, interrupted below; bracts shorter than the

flowers, similar to the stem leaves, except margins crenate on upper

part only and a little wider in relation to the length; pedicels 1-

2 mm. long; flowers up to 12 mm. long, usually 8-10 mm.; calyx

4-6 mm. long, tube longer than the lobes, pubescent on the veins,

lobes narrowly ovate, acute, pubescent on the veins, margins ciliate;

corolla whitish (in life), tube exserted, longer than the lips, galea

pubescent, a little longer than the lower lip; filaments apically

sparsely glandular and sparsely, very short-puberulent just below

the summit, anthers glabrous to sparsely long-pubescent, acuminate;

style puberulent above, stigma lobes united, ovary glabrous or api-

cally with scant, stiff, white pubescence; capsule ellipsoid-ovoid,

shorter than the calyx.

Amazonas: Cerro de Fraijaco (Huaui-Huni), N.E. of Tambo de

Ventilla, dry jalca, alt. 3,500 m., Pennell 15878.

This species differs from all other Bartsias by the following com-

bination of characters: corolla whitish, foliage, fruit, and ovary

glabrous or almost so, eglandular galea and appressed puberulence

on most of the stems.

500 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Bartsia hispida Benth. in DC., Prodr. 10: 547. 1846.

Perennial, erect, paniculately branched herb, the stems hirsute

with erect trichomes. Leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, up to

about 12 mm. long, scabrous-hirtus crenate-reflexed, upper caudate-

amplexicaul at base; spikes numerous, lax; bracts reaching to about

the calyx, crenate, hispid; flowers subsessile; calyx about 6 mm. long,

glandular-pilose, teeth narrow, shorter than the tube; corolla about

12 mm. long, tube exserted; galea pubescent; equaling to little longer

than the lip ; anthers very sparsely pilose. (After original description.)

Chachapoyas: Mathews 778 (K). — Junin: Tarma, 1-3 km. E. of

Palca, near Carretera Central, alt. ca. 2,000 m., Edwin 3924-

Bartsia inaequalis Benth. in DC., Prodr. 10: 547. 1846. B. cam-

porum and B. thiantha Diels., Bot. Jahrb. 37: 432-433. 1906.

Perennial herb or subshrub, much branched, variously pubescent

or glandular-pubescent, frequently hispid, stems and branches usu-

ally 4-angled, especially above. Leaves variable in size and shape,

narrowly lanceolate to lance-oblong, rarely almost linear, occasion-

ally lance-ovate, up to 3 cm. long or little longer, often the main

leaves exceeding 2 cm. long, frequently clustered beneath, apex acute

to more often subobtuse, margin crenate-bullate, sessile, upper leaves

cordate-amplexicaul ; inflorescences racemose or spike-like, long or

short, few- (6 -8) to many-flowered (up to 30 or more), dense to lax,

pedicels up to 5-6 mm. long, especially the lower; bracts shorter than

the flower, lower similar to the cauline leaves, varying to almost or

rarely quite entire above; calyces 6-11 mm. long, subcampanulate

to subfunnelform, teeth narrowly triangular to lanceolate, acute,

usually shorter than the tube; corolla dark red to purple, large for

the genus, up to 2.7 cm. long, frequently exceeding 2.0 cm., tube sub-

conical, longer than the lips, throat a little inflated, galea about 2

times longer than the lip, densely pubescent or glandular-pubescent

externally, notched at apex, lobes of the lip ovate, obtuse, sometimes

the median apically notched, filaments sparsely, microscopically pu-

berulent on upper half, stigma lobes united, ovary densely matted

with golden hair; capsule ovoid, little shorter or longer than the

calyx, the tube of which is greatly inflated, obtuse apically pubescent

as the ovary, the style persisting or early deciduous.

Apurimac: Cord. Salcantay alt. 3,500 m., Rauh-Hirsch P 1454-

— Arequipa: Pichu Pichu, alt. 11,500 ft., Stafford 811. — Cuzco: Prov.

Urubamba, Macchu Picchu, alt. 2,000-3,000 m., H err era 2000; Rauh-

Hirsch P 785; Saunders 426; Stafford 795; San Gabon, Chichacori

FLORA OF PERU 501

Valley, 10,500 ft., Fisher 18; Allantaitambo, alt. 2,800 m., Herrera

34.11; Yanamancha, alt. 3,799 m., Marin 1783; Sacsahuaman, alt.

3,500-3,600 m., Pennett 13551; below Colquipata, alt. 3,200-3,300

m., Pennell 13775; suburbs of Cuzco, Soukup 571; Paucartambo,

alt. 3,000-3,100 m., Vargas 314; Colinas del Rodadero, Vargas 3131.

— Huancavelica: Prov. Tayacaja, Pampas-Salcabamba Trail, alt.

2,500 m., Stork & Horton 101+38. — Huanuco: several km. SE. of

Carpish, alt. 2,800 m., Stork & Horton 9904- — Lima: Prov. Huaro-

chin, km. 85, Carretera Central, high mountain above Matucana,

alt. 10,500-11,000 ft., Saunders 289.— Sin. loc.: Diehl, 2556.

This common species of southern Peru has the largest flowers

found in the genus in the country. These are uniformly dark red

to purple.

Also collected in Bolivia and Ecuador where the leaves are larger,

wider in relation to their length, and more coarsely crenate.

Bartsia integrifolia Wedd., Chi. And. Nov. 2: 131. 1860.

Minutely puberulent, thin stemmed, usually branching subshrub.

Leaves narrowly linear, 5-15 mm. long, margin entire, revolute, apex

acute, base not or little dilated; flowers short-pedicellate; calyx ob-

long-campanulate, 5-9 mm. long, puberulent or very finely tomen-

tose, calyx lobes linear-triangular, entire, acute, little shorter to

equaling the tube; corolla 10-15 mm. long, tube exserted, galea ovate,

obtuse, glabrous, little shorter than the tube; anthers densely pilose,

mucronulate at base; capsule oblong, obtuse, apiculate. (After the

original description.)

Only a fragment of Castelenau,s.n. (the type) from Depto. Lima

seen. The only other collection cited is Cay, s.n. from Cuzco.

Entire-leaved species of Bartsia are not common.

Bartsia meyeniana Benth. in DC., Prodr. 10: 546. 1846.

Erect or ascending soft-pubescent and glandular-pubescent per-

ennial herb. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, up to about 1.6 cm. long,

usually shorter, obtuse, sessile and sometimes clasping, broadest at

the base, crenate, crenations bullate; spikes short, interrupted below,

subdensely few-flowered; bracts smaller than but similar to the

leaves, elliptic or oblong; flowers subsessile; calyx 7-9 mm. long, the

narrowly triangular, obtuse teeth almost as long as the tube; corolla

red, 16-19 mm. long, tube longer than the lips, galea sparsely to

densely pubescent, much shorter than the spreading, reflexed lip (ca.

one-half the length of the lip) ; filaments short for the genus, inserted

502 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

at the apex of the tube, dotted with a few, sessile, red glands on the

upper part; anthers pubescent with long, white hair, with a short,

sharp acumin at base; style pubescent on the upper half, stigma

lobes united, ovary densely beset with long, golden hair; capsule

ex desc., oblong, acute, pubescent.

Junin (Pisco) : Castroverreina, Pisco Valley, alt. 3,600 m., Rauh -

Hirsch P 372. — Also reported, Sin. Dept.: near Tacora, Meyen s.n.

Found at high elevations in Bolivia.

Although the Peruvian specimen is erect and 40 cm. tall, the

taxon elsewhere contains dwarfs with ascending branches.

Bartsia mutica Benth. in DC., Prodr. 10: 548. 1846. Euphrasia

mutica HBK., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 334. 1817. Bartsia chilensis Benth.

in DC., Prodr. 10: 547. 1846.

Based upon an unpublished name of Bertero, "Lamourouxia eu-

phrasioides," not conspecific with Bartsia euphrasioides Wedd. of

Ecuador.

Annual or perennial, erect, much branched, glandular, hispid

herb. Leaves hispid, oblong to linear-lanceolate, obtuse, up to 2 cm.

long or longer, grossly crenate, plane or a little revolute, cordate-

amplexicaul at base; floral leaves smaller, otherwise as the cauline;

spikes lax; pedicels mostly 2-3 mm. long; calyx 7-9 mm. long, pubes-

cent, lobes linear, subacute to subobtuse, often unequal, about as

long as the tube, entire to less often sparsely denticulate or serrulate;

corolla purple, 10-16 mm. long, the tube longer than the lips, ex-

serted, galea pubescent or more often glandular-pubescent, longer to

shorter than the lip with lobes elliptical to narrowly ovate; filaments

glabrous, the pairs subequal in length, anthers glabrous, blunt to

acute at base, neither mucronate nor acuminate; ovary densely pu-

bescent, style elongate, stigma unequally bifid; capsule longer or

shorter than the calyx, pubescent.

Lima: Along Rio Chillon, near Obrajillo, alt. 2,200-2,500 m.,

Penned 14326. — Sin. Dept.: Between Lucarque and Ayavaca, Bon-

pland 3466. (Fragment seen.)

This taxon is not uncommon in Chile. The description has been

based largely on specimens collected there. Both Benthan and Wed-

dell found difficulty in distinguishing B. mutica from B. chilensis. It

seems the better course to unite the specimens under one appellation

at least until further Peruvian specimens become available.

FLORA OF PERU 503

Bartsia orthocarpiflora Benth. in DC., Prodr. 10: 545. 1846.

Perennial herb, occasionally annual, variously pubescent, stems

erect, branched, long- and short-pubescent. Leaves hirtellus, sessile,

bullate-crenate, linear-oblong to narrowly lance-ovate, widest at the

base, obtuse apically; spike usually short, basally interrupted; pedi-

cels 1-2 mm. long, calyx oblong-campanulate, 5-6 mm. long, tube

much longer than the 1.5 mm., frequently obtuse teeth; corolla red

to green-yellow, up to 16 mm. long, mostly 9-14 mm., most often

narrow, tube much exserted, densely puberulent and often glandular,

longer or shorter than the galea, galea about 3 times as long as the

lip, apically barely emarginate; lobes of the lip about 1 mm. long;

filaments glabrous or under 30 X, apically, sparsely glandular or

puberulent, anthers densely long-pubescent, basally mucronate; style

puberulent, stigma lobes wholly united, punctiform to subulate;

ovary densely beset with long, stiff, golden hair; capsule ellipsoid-

ovoid, apically long and stiff pubescent, longer than the calyx.

Apurimac: Rio Pinco, alt. 3,500-3,600 m., Weberbauer 5904.—

Cuzco: Cerro de Cusilluyoc, open grassy slope, alt. 3,400-3,500 m.,

Pennell 13808.— Huanuco: Pillao, 2,700 m. alt., Woytkowski 50 —

Junin: Prov. Huancayo: between Huancayo and Acopalca, alt.

3,700 m., Stork 10924— Sin. Loc.: Pavon s.n.

A basically Bolivian species but reaching to South-Central Peru.

The galea that is about three times longer than the lip helps to de-

limit this taxon.

Bartsia parvifolia Benth. in DC., Prodr. 10: 545. 1846.

Perennial herb, stems minutely puberulent, branched, the branch-

ing opposite, at least the lower and middle nodes longer than the

leaves on the main stem and branches. Blades linear-oblong to nar-

rowly oblong-subovate, reaching 2.0 cm. long, mostly less than

1.0 cm. long and (a few) up to 5 mm. wide, frequently narrower,

hispidulous, sessile and often clasping, bullate-crenate, obtuse, base

narrowed or a little wider; spike lax; flowers sessile or subsessile;

calyx oblique, ovate-campanulate, pubescent, especially on the main

veins, tube 4.5-5.0 mm. long, lobes 1.5-2.0 mm., broadly triangular;

corolla about 10 mm. long, tube a little exserted; galea red, tomen-

tose, little longer than the yellow or green lower lip ; anthers pilose,

mucronate at base; stigma lobes united, punctiform; capsule oblong,

about as long as the calyx.

504 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Huancayo: Huaytapallana, alt. 4,900 m., Rauh-Hirsch P 1737.

— Junin: Prov. Tarma: Between Palca and Carpapata, alt. 2,900 m.,

Stork 10980.

This taxon described from Venezuela differs from Bartsia bart-

sioides (Hook) Edwin in the shape of the calyx lobes and their size

in relation to the tube, the size of the flower, and the lax inflorescence.

Bartsia pedicellata Edwin, Phytologia 19: 366. 1970.

Erect annual, simple or with a few, short rosulate branches, stems

pubescent-puberulent with flattened, somewhat curly, multicellular

hair. Leaves glabrous or sparsely pubescent on the margins and main

veins with multicellular hair, linear or narrowly oblanceolate, up to

about 1.0 cm. long and 0.2 cm. wide, crenate-revolute, apex obtuse,

hammate, base sessile subclasping; floriferous over most of the length

of the stems in lax racemes; bracts wider than the cauline leaves;

pedicels 7 (-8) mm. long, erect, almost parallel to the stems; flowers

8-11 mm. long; calyx oblique, tube longer than the crenate, obtusely-

rounded lobes ; corolla purple, tube longer than the lips, galea tomen-

tose with multicellular hair, about twice as long as the lip, lobes of

the lip elliptic-oblong; filaments sparsely glandular above with ses-

sile glands, anthers tomentose, acuminate at base; style glabrous,

stigmas united, ovary glabrous; capsule glabrous, oblong, almost

twice the length of the calyx, mucronulate at the obtuse apex.

Cuzco: Paucartambo to Tres Cruces, Cerro de Cusilluyoc, moist

gravelly banks and swales, alt. 3,500-3,800 m., corolla "dull magenta

purple." Annual herb. Pennell 13815.

This taxon differs from all other Bartsias by the combination of

multicellular, flattened pubescence on the stems and branches, erect,

strict, 7-8 mm. long pedicels, crenate calyx lobe, and glabrous cap-

sule twice the length of the calyx.

Bartsia pedicularioides Benth.. in DC., Prodr. 10: 546. 1846.

Perennial, root shoots short, thin ascending, leaves minute to

about 8-10 mm. long, short-petiolate. Stems erect, much branched,

viscose, pilose; leaves oblong, subsessile, larger than root shoots,

bullate-crenate, obtuse; spike glandular-pilose, interrupted at base;

flowers violet, at least the lower pedicellate; calyx 5-6 mm. long,

ovate-oblong, lobes triangular-ovate, shorter than the tube; the co-

rolla 8-9 mm. long, little exceeding the calyx, lips subequal, galea

hirsute or almost lanate, oblong, obtuse, lobes of the lip short, ob-

tuse; anthers glabrous; capsule ovate, 8-11 mm. long, hirsute at apex.

(After original description and Weddell I.e. 121-122.)

FLORA OF PERU 505

Cuzco: Mountains of Cuzco. Gay s.n. (Material not seen.) Also

reported from Venezuela and Ecuador.

Weddell includes Bartsia parvifolia Benth. in the synonymy of

this taxon. It is retained as a species in this paper.

Bartsia peruviana Walp., Nov. Acta. Acad. Caes. Leopold.

Carol. Nat. Cur. 19: suppl. 1, 400. 1843; Rep. 3: 408. 1844; Benth.

in DC., Prodr. 10: 357. 1846; Wedd. Chi. And. Nov. 2: 128. 1860.

Herb with opposite branching, erect, glandular-tomentose stems,

blackening in drying; leaves linear, 13-20 mm. long and 3-6 mm.

wide, crenate-dentate, obtuse, glandular-tomentose, sessile; inflores-

cences spicate or flowers axillary, subsessile, solitary; calyx 18-20

mm. long, campanulate, equally 4- toothed, teeth linear, obtuse; co-

rolla brown, little longer than the calyx; seeds very small, subsmooth.

(Description after Walpers, 1844.)

Arequipa: Chuquibamba Prov.: Condesuyos, under rocks, open

hillside, alt. 10,500 ft., Stafford 1214.—Puno: Laguna de Titicaca &

Tisslaoma, Meyen 3900 (material not seen) .

Type (K) from Bolivia (Sorata).

Bartsia sanguinea Diels., Bot. Jahrb. 37: 433. 1906.

Caespitose dwarf, stems 5-8 cm. tall, sparsely pilose or glabrate,

blackening on drying. Leaves thickened, almost glabrous, obovate,

conspicuously bullate-crenate above, almost entire below; spike few-

flowered; calyx subinflated, subhyaline, pilose, 7 mm. long and 4.5

wide, teeth triangular; corolla blood-red, tube about 6-8 mm. long;

galea densely short- tomentose, 6-7 mm. long, lip 5 mm. long; anthers

pilose; capsule glabrous at the apex. (After original description.)

Sin Dept.: Roadside between Cuzco and St. Anna, alt. 4,000 m.,

Weberbauer ^9^5. (Not seen.) The type seen, from Bolivia (So-

rata), Rusby 1092 (K).

Bartsia santolinaefolia Benth. in DC., Prodr. 10: 546. 1846.

Euphrasia santolinaefolia HBK., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 333, pi. 166.

1818.

Perennial herb to subshrub, from almost unbranched to profusely

branching from the base, erect, elongate, frequently rigid, usually

glandular-pilose, often (in life) viscose. Leaves oblong-linear to lan-

ceolate or lance-ovate, up to almost 3 cm. long and 4-5 mm. wide,

usually considerably smaller; margins coarsely crenate-bullate, apex

506 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

obtuse, the sessile base usually not narrowed, often clasping; spikes

dense to lax and often interrupted basally; bracts ovate or obovate,

closely to subdistantly, coarsely crenate, subsessile, about as long as

or little longer than the calyx, uppermost often only with 1-2 pairs

of teeth; calyx tubular-campanulate, 6-8 mm. long, lobes oblong,

obtuse, entire and longer than the tube, rarely crenate-crenulate

and shorter than the tube; corolla yellow to purple, 9-13(-15) mm.

long, tube exserted, longer than the lips, galea little longer than the

lip, puberulent or glandular-pubescent, glands on long hair; anthers

glabrous or pubescent, mucronulate at base, filaments puberulent;

ovary densely long, stiff, golden pubescent; capsule pubescent on up-

per half as the ovary, ellipsoid, not filling the inflated calyx and about

equal in length, emarginate and frequently apiculate.

Amazonas: Daguas on Rio Sonche, E. of Chachapoyas, alt. 2,400

m., Pennell 157^5; Mathews s.n. — Ancash: Cordillera Blanca, alt.

3,900 m., Rauh-Hirsch P2057. Cajamarca: S.W. of Cajamarca,

alt. 2,800-2,900 m., Pennell & Reichlin 1^969— Cuzco: near Rio

Paucartambo, below Paucartambo, alt. 2,900-3,200 m., Pennell

13796. — Huanuco: slope of Hill, western slope of Torre-huase, alt.

3,300 m., Woytkowski 329.

This taxon forms a close alliance with B. diffusa Benth. and B.

hispida Benth.

Bartsia simulans Edwin, Phytologia 19: 367. 1970.

Perennial shrublet up to about 20 cm. tall, branching from the

base. Stems terete, drying light to dark brown, the soft, glandular-

pubescence mixed with soft and also scattered, stiff, eglandular hairs;

leaf-blades thickened, sessile, pubescent above, beneath and on the

margins as the stem, except more stiff hairs present, obovate or

spathulate-obovate or oblong-obovate in outline, up to about 1.0 cm.

long and half as wide, margins with 3-5 pairs of rounded, close or

distant lobes, these increasing in size base to apex, the apical lobe

largest, narrowed to base, venation obscure above, apparent beneath ;

flowers in short, apical, dense, spikes; bracts similar to the leaves,

except a little smaller and the 2-3 pairs of lobes usually more or less

distant, shorter than the flowers; calyx glandular, 9-11 mm. long,

tube 4-5 mm. long, little shorter than the 5-6 mm. long, lance-

oblong or oblong, subacute lobes; corolla 10-13 mm. long, yellow

and red, almost wholly included in the calyx to little exserted, the

corolla tube entirely included, narrow, longer than the lips, galea

3.0-4.5 mm. long, dorsally densely glandular, apically notched, little

FLORA OF PERU 507

shorter than the lip the lobes of which are very broadly ovate to sub-

orbicular, the median little larger than the lateral; stamens didyna-

mous, the pairs very unequal in length, anthers glabrous, basally

mucronulate, filaments sparsely puberulent (under 20 X); style ex-

ceeding the stamens, stigma exserted punctiform, ovary densely

golden pubescent, the hairs stiffish; capsule elliptical or elliptically

obovoid, little shorter than the calyx, pubescent at least apically with

long, stiffish, golden hairs and apiculate style tardily deciduous or

persistent, placenta thin; seed numerous, ovoid, narrowed to both

ends, testa striate-striatulate, closely adherent.

Puno: San Antonio de Esquilache in clefts in face of rock at alt.

15,500 ft., May 16, 1937. Stafford 743.

Most closely resembling Bartsia diffusa Benth. which has ovate

bracts with lobes decreasing in size base to apex, exserted corollas,

wider calyx lobes that are usually not longer than the calyx tube,

and different pubescence.

Bartsia subinclusa Benth. in DC., Prodr. 10: 547. 1846.

Hispidulous-scabrous plant, stems glandular-hirtus above, soft-

pubescent below. Leaves sessile below, cordate-clasping above, pu-

bescent with stiffish, white hair, especially on the margins and main

veins, linear-lanceolate, up to about 1.8 cm. long and 3-5 mm. wide,

crenate, crenations recurved, obtuse, spike few-flowered ; calyx about

10 mm. long, teeth linear, obtuse, shorter than the narrow tube,

exceeding the corolla tube and throat; corolla tomentose, only the

apices of the lips exserted ; galea about equal to the lip, tube equal to

or shorter than the galea; anthers sparsely long-pubescent, basal

acumin short. (After original description.)

Sin. Dept.: Near Tissacoma, alt. 15,000 ft., Meyen s.n. (Type K.)

Bartsia trichophylla Wedd., Chi. And. Nov. 2: 122. 1860.

Small perennial (subshrub?) with the stems profusely branching

from the base, primary branches ascending, to 10 cm. tall, apically

hispid-pilose. Leaves densely crowded, especially below, lower 4-

5 mm. long and 1.0-1.5 mm. wide, size increasing to the middle of the

plant to about one-half bigger, oblong or spathulate-lanceolate, ob-

tuse, bullate-crenulate, attenuate to a short petiole, glabrous except

for the margin (that is) ciliate with articulated 1 mm. long hair;

flowers about 6-8, in sometimes lax racemes; pedicels almost as long-

as the 5 mm. calyx but shorter than the bracts; calyx oblong-cam-

panulate, sparsely pilose, lobes oblong, obtuse, crenate, shorter than

508 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

the tube; corolla tube glabrous, 8-9 mm. long, little exserted, galea

densely tomentose, oblong, obtuse, about 2 times longer than the

lip; lobes of the lower lip about 1 mm. long, rounded, glabrous; fila-

ments sparsely, retrorsely barbed on one side, anthers sparsely

barbed ; ovary glabrous. (From original description and comments.)

Sin. Dept. : South Peru. Rocky hills between Puno and Arequipa,

alt. 4,000 m., Weddell s.n.

Bartsia viridis Edwin, Phytologia 19: 367. 1970.

Annual, erect herb, old stems glabrate, younger with definite lines

of soft pubescence, all stems 4-angled, sulcate, drying very dark red

to black. Leaves linear or aciculiform, usually minute to 6 mm. long,

occasionally reaching 2.0 cm., bullate-crenate and revolute, apex ob-

tuse, hammate, often a little widened to the clasping base, sessile,

glabrous or sparsely pubescent, main vein elevated beneath, other

venation not visible ; bracts crenate, at least the upper ellipsoid-ovate,

about as long as or barely exceeding the calyces; flowers mostly ag-

gregated into short, lax, interrupted spikes, sessile or subsessile on

pedicels reaching 2 mm. long, usually not exceeding 1.5 mm., and

very small for the genus, 8-10 mm. long, occasionally up to 11 mm.

long; calyx narrow, usually glandular-puberulent, 4.0-5.5 mm. long,

tube longer than the lance-triangular, acute lobes; corolla green,

tube longer than the lips, galea 2 times as long as the lower lip,

usually 1.5 times longer, eglandular, pubescent, lobes of the lip un-

equal, the median longer than the lateral, all ovate, rounded; fila-

ments sparsely dotted with small, sessile glands, anthers pubescent,

mucronate at base; style puberulent above, stigma lobes united,

ovary beset with long, stiff, golden hair; capsule ovoid to broadly

ovoid, obtuse to rounded at apex, with long, stiff, golden hair api-

cally, a little shorter than the calyx and enveloped by it.

Cuzco: Paso de Tr£s Cruces, Cerro de Cusilluyac, mossy banks

and knolls on paramo, alt. 3,700-3,900 m., Pennell 13826.

The combination of very small, green flowers with included co-

rolla tube and partly included lower lip as well as the arrangement

of the pubescence on the stems and branches separates this taxon

from all other Bartsias.

According to the collector the corolla is "mignonette green."

Bartsia weberbaueri Diels., Bot. Jahrb. 37: 431. 1906.

Vine, the stem twining among shrubs, up to 2 m. long, hispidulous

above. Leaves patent, sessile, cordate at base, oblong or lanceolate-

FLORA OF PERU 509

oblong, stem leaves 15-20 mm. long and about 4-5 mm. wide, cre-

nate, leaves of the lateral branches smaller; flowers on slender pedi-

cels, 5-10 mm. long; calyx glandular-hispid, tube 10 mm. long and

6-7 mm. wide, teeth triangular, about 7 mm. long; corolla tube

10 mm. long, galea wide, externally villose, 10 mm. long, dark pur-

ple, lip erect, 6-7 mm. long, bright green; anthers pilose, exserted.

(After original description.)

Ancash: Cajatambo Prov., near Ocros, in shrub snag, alt. 3,500-

3,700 m., Weberbauer 2692. (Material not seen.)

BASISTEMON Turcz.

Basistemon Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. 36(2) : 214. 1863.

Hassleropsis Chod., Bull. Herb. Boiss. ser. 2, 4: 285. 1904. Saccan-

thus Herzog., Meded. Rijks Herb. Leid. 29: 47. 1916.

Reference: Baehni and Macbride, Candollea 5: 345. 1934. and

7: 185-188. 1936. Junell, Symbol. Bot. Upsal. 4: 1934. Moldenke,

Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 63(6): 345. 1936.1

Shrubs or small trees, usually subglabrous or new wood sparsely,

minutely puberulent; leaves opposite, subsessile to sessile, ovate or

broadly ovate, long-acute to acuminate, acumin sharp, 4-15 cm.

long and 1.8-8.0 cm. wide, base subacute to obtuse, margin entire,

or minutely serrulate, glabrous, punctate or puncticulate on both

surfaces; petioles when present only up to 2-3 mm. long, swollen at

base, margins sparsely puberulent; flowers axillary, 2-5 fasciculate,

pedicellate; pedicels 3-10 mm. long, glabrous, or sparsely, minutely

puberulent, bracteolate at base; calyx about 3 mm. long, ovate;

corolla bilabiate, 5-8 mm. long, tube short to long, saccate at base,

lips subequal, lobes 5, all about equal or the 2 anterior little shorter;

stamens 4, didynamous, the pairs little to very unequal, all inserted

at or near the base of the tube, anther connective much enlarged at

maturity, the thecae at length divergent and dehiscing by longitudi-

nal slits; ovary shorter than the erect style, stigma lobes united; cap-

sule ex desc. loculicidal; seeds few to numerous, axile and pendulous,

albumen lacking. Two species collected in Peru.

A genus of six species at present wholly restricted to South Amer-

ica in Peru, Colombia, Argentina, and Paraguay, from 30-1,500 m.

1 The details of the checkered taxonomic and nomenclatural history of this

genus are beyond the scope of this flora. Although only six species are known at

present, the genus has been placed in the Verbenaceae and the Bignoniaceae as well

as in the Scrophulariaceae, where it provisionally appears here.

510 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

alt. Very few collections known, perhaps not more than 40. The

specific variation displayed by and the altitudinal spread of the few

collections would seem to imply a large genus (in species number)

yet poorly collected.1

Leaves 10-15 cm. long and 5-6(-8) cm. wide; petioles 2-3 mm. long.

B. peruvianus.

Leaves 3.5-6.0 cm. long and 1.5-3.3 cm. wide; petioles lacking or up

to 0.8 mm. long B. intermedius.

Basistemon intermedius Edwin, Phytologia 19: 368. 1970.

Unarmed shrub with glabrous leaves, otherwise mostly minutely

puberulent. Leaves ovate, acuminate, 3.5-6.0 cm. long and 1.5-

3.3 cm. wide, bases obtuse, margins minutely serrulate, punticulate

on both surfaces; petioles up to 0.8 mm. long or lacking, minutely

puberulent, gibbose at base and at least partly surrounding the stem ;

flowers 2-3-fasciculate, in axils of unmodified leaves, pedicellate;

pedicels 3-5 mm. long, puberulent, with a pair of minute, hard, pu-

berulent bracteoles at the bases; calyx with 5 ovate, puberulent

sepals, 3.0-3.5 mm. long, apices long-acuminate, margins ciliolate,

united about one- third their length into a campanulate tube; corolla

weakly saccate at base, white, 7-8 mm. long, bilabiate, lips subequal,

the 2 anterior lobes little shorter than the 3 posterior, tube about

6 mm. long; stamens 4, didynamous, anterior pair about 2 mm. long,

posterior 3 mm. long, anthers sub ovoid, divergent, dehiscing by longi-

tudinal slits, connective enlarged, hardened at maturity, filaments

gibbose at base, inserted about 1 mm. above the base of the corolla

tube; ovary narrowly ellipsoid-ovoid, much shorter than the style,

stigma lobes united punctiform; fruit unknown.

Huanuco: Ganso Azul, Agua Caliente on Rio Pachitea, alt. 1,000

ft., dense shade; Oct. 17, 1942, Sandeman 3380. (Type K; Isotype

OXF.)

Near B. peruvianus Benth. & Hook, f . apud Hook f . & Jacks, but

differing in the length of corolla lobes in relation to the tube, distri-

bution and amount of vesture and size of the leaves. The taxon

appears to stand between B. peruvianus and B. rusbyi Moldenke.

Basistemon peruvianus Benth. & Hook, f . apud Hook f. &

Jacks. Ind. Kew. 1: 277. 1895.'

1 An opinion of Pennell in correspondence to Moldenke.

2 Basistemon in Benth. & Hook, f., Gen. PI. 2: 1,224-1,245. 1876, barely re-

ferred (without specific diagnosis) to the species.

FLORA OF PERU 511

Bracteoles and sepals ciliolate, petioles minutely puberulent,

otherwise a glabrous shrub or small tree. Pedicels 5-7 (-8) mm. long,

bracteoles minute; calyx lobes 2.5-3.5 mm. long, narrowly ovate,

connate about one-third their length into a flaring tube; corolla (ex

coll.) lilac, white and cream, tube ca. 1.5 mm. long, lobes ca. 4.5 mm.

long; stamens included or little exserted, filaments 1.5-2.5 mm. long,

flattened or terete, anthers separated on a bulbous connective, diver-

gent; ovary narrowly ellipsoid. Fruit not seen.

San Martin: Juan Jui, Alto Rio Huallaga at 400 m. alt., forest,

King 3780 (K) ; near Tarapoto, Spruce 4515, the type (K) . The Klug

specimen is in close agreement with the type seen at Kew.

BUCHNERA L.

Annual or perennial, probably hemi-parasitic herbs, becoming

black upon drying. Stem erect, simple or branched, glabrous to

hispid-scabrid, hairs often callus based; leaves all opposite, sometimes

subopposite above or all alternate, simple, usually sessile, occasion-

ally short-petiolate, rarely forming small, basal rosettes, filiform to

linear-lanceolate, less than 1 mm. to a few mm. wide, apex acute or

obtuse, margin entire or with a few, scattered, small teeth, 1-5-

nerved; inflorescence terminal, spicate, compact to lax; flowers sub-

tended by one bract and two bracteoles; calyx tubular, 10-nerved,

regularly to irregularly 5-dentate, glabrous to hispid-scabrid or ver-

rucose; teeth erect, spreading or reflexed; corolla white, blue or

violet, salverform, tube longer than the calyx, externally glabrous to

softly pubescent, lobes subequal, ovate to subrotund, entire to emar-

ginate, throat pilose; stamens 4, included, slightly didynamous; an-

thers monothecous; stigma linear-cylindric, style apex clavate, en-

tire; capsule ovoid, oblate to cylindric, shorter to longer than the

calyx, loculicidal, seeds numerous.1

A genus comprising about 100 species which are almost wholly

tropical and chiefly Old World. Sixteen species are found in the New

World. A single collection is known from Canada. Taxa are found

more or less abundantly in the United States, Central America and

the West Indies and South America, Chile excepted. Four species

have been found in Peru.

1. Corolla externally glabrous; annual herbs.

1 This generic description and the following species descriptions after Philcox,

Kew. Bull. 18 (2): 275-315. 1965.

512 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

2. Calyx teeth lanceolate — or long — acuminate, more or less

spreading; bracteoles linear or linear-lanceolate.

3. Leaves alternate; calyx glabrous; stems glabrous or sparsely

pubescent below with adpressed, upward directed hairs.

B. palustris.

3. Leaves opposite or subopposite; calyx tube hispid-scabrid

on nerves; stems pubescent throughout with callus-based

hairs B. pusilla.

2. Calyx teeth triangular, erect; bracteoles narrowly ovate-lance-

olate B. weberbaueri.

1. Corolla externally soft-pubescent; perennial herbs B. rosea.

Buchnera palustris (Aubl.) Spreng., Syst. 2: 805. 1825. Piripea

palustris Aubl., PI. Guian. 2: 628, t. 253. 1775.

Annual herb, up to 65 cm. tall, usually not exceeding 45 cm., sub-

glabrous. Stem simple or branched, terete, glabrous above to

sparsely pubescent below with upwardly directed hairs; cauline

leaves alternate, narrowly linear, 1.0-3.5 cm. long and 0.5-1.5 mm.

wide, entire, acute, 1-nerved, minutely scabrous-verrucose, finely

hispid on the margin basally; lowest leaves (basal) minute, obovate,

entire; inflorescence lax, up to 15 cm. long; bracts ovate-lanceolate,

subacuminate, 3.0-5.5 mm. long, scabrous-verrucose, ciliate, cari-

nate; bracteoles linear-lanceolate, setaceous-ciliate, little shorter than

bracts; calyx 7-10 mm. long, not reticulate between main nerves,

glabrous, teeth erect, lanceolate-acuminate, subciliate; corolla blue,

pink to purple, tube slender, glabrous, incurved, up to twice as long

as the calyx, lobes obovate, emarginate, subequal; capsule oblate-

cylindric, obtuse, equaling to slightly longer than the calyx; style

base deciduous.

San Martin: Tarapoto, Spruce 4397 p.p.

Riversides and marshy places from Colombia through Venezuela

and the Guianas to Brazil and westward to eastern Peru.

Buchnera pusila HBK., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 340. 1818. B. tine-

toria Bertol., Fl. Guatim. 26. 1840; B. pilosa Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulph.

144. 1845. B. lithospermifolia sensu Benth. in DC., Prodr. 10: 497.

1846, non HBK. B. major Polak, Linnaea 41: 588. 1877. B. elon-

gata sensu Hemsl., Biol. Centr. Am. 2: 457. 1881 et sensu Goyena,

Fl. Nicar. 619. 1911, non Sw.

FLORA OF PERU 513

Annual herb, usually 15-30 cm. tall, rarely up to 70 cm. Stem

slender, simple or branched, hispid with callus-based hair; leaves

subopposite, upper linear, entire or subentire, up to 2 mm. wide,

1-nerved, densely hispid-scabrid, lower obovate-oblong to oblong,

entire to deeply dentate, obtuse or acute, 1.5-5.0 mm. wide, hispid-

scabrid, often similar to upper leaves; inflorescence up to 12 (-24)

cm. long, lax to congested; bracts lanceolate, hispid-scabrid, up to

5.5 mm. long; bracteoles linear, shorter than bracts; calyx up

to 8 mm. long, nervation between the hispid-scabrid main veins

lacking, otherwise glabrous, teeth long-acuminate, spreading to re-

flexed in fruit; corolla usually white, occasionally pink to lilac or

purple, tube slender, externally glabrous, little to twice as long as

the calyx, lobes 4-10 mm. long, ovate to obovate, entire, throat

pilose; capsule oblong, compressed, equal to the calyx.

Cuzco: Prov. Urubamba, petals pink, open grass slope, alt. 2,900

m., Vargas 2702. — Junin: Mito, northeastern grasslands, flowers

pink, alt. about 9,000 ft., Macbride & Featherstone 14-08. — Sin. Dept.:

Pawn s.n. (coll. 1827, specimen at P).

The most variable of all the new world species of this genus.

More or less frequently encountered in low-lying meadows to

medium altitude oak and pine woods, and rocky hillsides from Mex-

ico through Central America to South America including Venezuela,

Brazil, British Guiana, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

This species and B. longifolia HBK. are very closely allied and

perhaps even conspecific. The distribution of the latter taxon is

essentially that of B. pusila in South America.

Buchnera rosea HBK., Nov. Gen et Sp. 2: 342. 1818. B. rosea

var. congesta Schmidt, in Mart., Fl. Bras. 8: 328. 1862. B. litho-

spermifolia sensu Stand!., in Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 27: 334. 1928,

non HBK.

Perennial herb (30-)45-60(-115) cm. tall. Stem simple or

branched, upright, glabrescent above to hispid-pilose below; leaves

opposite to subopposite (the lowermost sometimes alternate), linear-

lanceolate, 4.5-8.5 mm. wide, entire or serrulate, rigid, subcoriaceous,

3-5-nerved, nerves prominent beneath, glabrous to scabrous above,

subglabrous to hispid-scabrous beneath, especially on the nerves and

margins; inflorescence spicate, variable, elongate and lax (20 cm.

long) to tightly compact and many-flowered (3.5 cm. long); bracts

ovate-lanceolate, about 2.5-4.0 mm. long, hispid-scabrid, ciliate;

514 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

bracteoles linear-subulate, hispid; calyx erect, up to about 7.5 mm.

long in fruit, densely reticulate between the main nerves, spreading

hispid, pubescent with short, stiff hairs or glabrescent on the tube,

teeth subequal, short-deltoid, densely to finely hispid-scabrid; co-

rolla blue, violet to purple, tube slender, almost twice the length of

the calyx, externally softly pubescent, lobes obovate, emarginate or

entire; capsule ovoid, compressed, slightly longer than the mature

calyx, style base partly persistent.

San Martin: low mountain pastures near Tarapoto, Spruce 4862;

Sin. Loc. : Jussieu, s.n.

This species is found in low-lying savannas and riversides to

medium altitude grassy hillsides from Panama and Colombia, east

through Venezuela to British Guiana, south through Brazil to Bolivia

and westward to Peru.

Buchnera weberbaueri Diels in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. 37: 430.

1906. B. leiantha Standl., in Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 22: 105. 1940.

Annual herb (15-) 25-50 (-78) cm. tall. Stem slender, simple or

very rarely branched, glabrous to subglabrous above with scant, soft

pubescence near and just above the nodes, sparsely pubescent at

base; leaves opposite to subopposite, erect, linear, 0.5-2.0 mm. wide,

entire, trinerved, a few adpressed hairs on revolute margins at base,

upper leaves becoming ovate-lanceolate with hispid margins similar

to bracts; inflorescence spicate, elongate, 1.0-3.5 (-7.0) cm. long,

laxly flowered; bracts broadly ovate, acuminate, about 3.0 mm. long

and 1.5 mm. wide at base, ciliate; bracteoles narrowly ovate-lanceo-

late, ciliate, little shorter than bracts; calyx about 5.0-7.0 mm. long,

glabrous, finely reticulate between the nerves, teeth triangular-

acuminate, subequal; corolla tube slender, up to about 5.0-8.5 mm.

long, longer than the calyx, externally glabrous, lobes 2.5 mm. long,

broadly ovate; capsule cylindric, slightly compressed and shorter

than the calyx with a few hairs at the suture, style-base deciduous.

Cuzco: Prov. Urubamba, grass slope, petals blue, alt. 2,900 m.,

Vargas 2702.- — Junin: Petals pink-lilac, appendages fringed, alt.

about 9,000 ft., Macbride & Featherstone 1408; Congos, Vidal-Senege

4825.— Loreto: Moyobamba, Mt. Morro, alt. 900-1,100 m., Weber-

bauer 4595 (photo of type). — San Martin: high mountain pastures

near Tarapoto, Spruce 4397 p.p.

Lowlands to high mountain passes from British Honduras and

Panama to Colombia and Peru and east to Venezuela and Trinidad.

FLORA OF PERU 515

Buchnera ternifolia HBK., collected north, east, and south of Peru

could well be encountered in lowland areas (up to 1,600 m.) within

its borders.

CALCEOLARIA L.

Calceolaria L., Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 31:288.1770,

non (Heister) Fabricius, Enum. Meth. PL Hort. Helmstad. ed 2, 37.

1763 (Orchidaceae) nor Loefl., Reise Span. Land. Europa u. Amer.

(Violaceae) -1 Fagelia Schwenke, Verh. Bataafsch. Genootsch. Rot-

terdam 1: 474. 1774. Jovellana R. & P., Fl. Peruv. 1: 12, 1. 18. 1798.

Annual small herbs, perennial herbs, vines, lianas or shrubs, pros-

trate, repent, twining or erect, stems usually terete, occasionally

squarrose, simple to much branched, vines occasionally more than

2 m. long, shrubs up to about 1.7 m. tall, plants glabrous to pubes-

cent or glandular-pubescent, foliage and calyces sometimes punctate,

internodes longer or shorter than the leaves. Leaves opposite or

sometimes ternately verticellate, rarely fasciculate, very rarely alter-

nate-fasciculate, petiolate or sessile, linear or aciculate to ovate, obo-

vate or hemispherical, entire, toothed or lobed to pinnate or twice

pinnate, minute to about 20 cm. long, usually 1-8 cm. long, thinly

chartaceous to coriaceous, costa usually impressed above, elevated

beneath, sometimes leaves bizarre, the blade broadly winging the

petiole and the opposite leaves connate-perf oliate ; petiole sometimes

thickened, woody at base and thinly connate; flowers solitary, axil-

lary or forming cymes, dichasia or other regular or irregular inflores-

cences, these usually terminal, less often lateral; calyx of four sepa^,

fused only at or near the base, the lobes usually a little unequal ; co-

rolla most often yellow, occasionally yellow and white or white, rarely

purple, frequently blotched, banded or marked, very strongly modi-

fied and the structure difficult to verbalize, upper lip annulate or

hooded, 1-12(-14) mm. long, when hooded the genitalia often in-

cluded, composed of 2 wholly fused lobes, lower lip of 3 fused lobes,

6-50 mm. long, calceolate, saccate, the sac almost lacking (C. aperta)

to sometimes almost closing the throat, the upper part of the sac

proximally either underfolded and forming a glandular nectary (sub-

genus Cheiloncos) or forming a hollow external cavity and glandular

or not (subgenus Calceolaria) ; stamens 2 in number and of 2 distinct

1 Due to nomenclatural technicalities Calceolaria L. takes precedence and need

not be conserved over Calceolaria (Heister) Fabr. nor Calceolaria Loefl., data to

be published by Dr. W. Stern (Brit. Mus.) fide Mr. Hunt (Kew. Herb.) in personal

correspondence, 1966.

PLATE I. Anther types, Calceolaria: A, herzogiana Kranzl.; B, lobata Cav.;

C, phaceliaefolia Edwin; D, simulans Edwin; E, engleriana Kranzl.; F, utricu-

larioides Benth.; G, reichlinii Edwin; H, pavonii Benth.; I, hyssopifolia HBK.

516

PLATE II. Anther types, Calceolaria: A, endopogon Kranzl.; B, cypripedtiflora

Kranzl.; C, scabra R. & P.; D, brachyantha Edwin; E, solanifolia Edwin; F, tri-

partita R. & P.; G, salicifolia R. & P.; H, triloba Edwin; I, weberbaueriana Kranzl.;

J, annua Edwin; K, delicatula Kranzl.

517

518 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

kinds, either anther cells contiguous, both fertile (subgenus Cheilon-

cos) or cells separated on a connective and both fertile or one cell

(highly) modified, fertile or sterile or wholly lacking (subgenus Cal-

ceolaria) ; style short, often recurved, stigma lobes united all or part

way, ovary ellipsoid to ovate; fruit a septicidal capsule, secondarily

barely loculicidal apically, placenta rupturing, shedding the numer-

ous, minute, loosely tubercular- testiculate seed.

The largest genus in terms of number of species of the Schrophu-

lariaceae in the new world, with 550-600 species. Predominantly of

the Andes mountains of South America but representatives found

through Central America, as far north as Mexico. There are three

species disjunct in New Zealand.

Taxonomically difficult, due to both the number of taxa and the

lack of reliable characters below the level of subgenus. The arrange-

ments of Bentham (1846) and Kranzlin (1907) based on habit and

inflorescence types have become untenable since a number of taxa

include individuals that are both herbs and vines, shrubs and lianas,

erect and reclining, etc. Inflorescence types, while useful, appear to

have their best application at the subsectional level. Other means of

arranging the species in the genus must be found. Perhaps some

of the more useful characteristics in this regard in the subgenus Chei-

loncos are the anther cells (equal or unequal and length in relation

to width), the sac of the corolla (more or less than half the length of

the lower lip), and the size relationships between the corolla lips.

The subgenus Calceolaria presents a quite distinct set of problems.

My knowledge of this subgenus is far too limited to offer useful

suggestions.

KEY TO THE SUBGENERA AND SPECIES

Anther cells contiguous, sessile on the filament, connective lacking,

both cells fertile, very rarely one cell rudimentary, cells equal or

unequal in size and shape; sac of the lower corolla lip with the

upper, proximal end recurved into a glandular, tongue-like nec-

tary, leaves entire to grossly toothed, rarely small-lobate.

Subgenus Cheiloncos (p. 519).

Anther cells separated by the usually well-developed connective,

when connective reduced anther cells often thinly blackened on

lower edge, usually (very) unequal in size, shape and position, the

upper fertile, unmodified and larger than the usually modified,

FLORA OF PERU 519

fertile or sterile lower cell; sac of the lower corolla lip with the

proximal end usually hollowed into an external cavity, glandular

nectary present or lacking; leaves usually deeply lobed, pinnate or

pinnatifid, occasionally merely coarsely toothed, rarely subentire.

Subgenus Calceolaria (p. 552).

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS Cheiloncos

Filaments at least 3 times longer than the anthers, thin or very

little thickened ; erect or repent, usually annual herbs, rarely ex-

ceeding 20 cm. tall, very rarely a small, caespitose shrublet.

2. Lower lip of the corolla 4-5 times longer than the upper lip;

filaments little thickened, usually 1-nerved ; anther locules con-

fluent or distinct.

3. Plants caespitose or subcaespitose; leaves dentate; shrublet.

C. plectranthifolia.

3. Plants with soft, branched, leafy stems; leaves entire or al-

most so; herb C. dichotoma.

2. Lower lip of the corolla not more than twice as long as the

upper lip ; filaments very elongate and thin or shorter and little

thickened, 1- or 2-nerved ; anthers all distinct.

4. Leaf margins entire to very shallowly denticulate; filaments

thin, 4 to 10 or more times longer than the anthers; flowers

usually pedicellate and solitary in axils of the upper leaves,

less often in simple dichasia, rarely in once- or twice-branched

dichasia C. utricularioides.

4. Leaf margins dentate, filaments shorter and thicker, occa-

sionally reaching 5 times longer than the anthers; flowers

pedunculate, in compound, branched dichasia, in upper leaf-

axils or terminal.

4a. Leaves mostly 8 cm. long or longer C. fiebrigiana.

4a. Leaves up to 4.1 cm. long C. lopezii.

Filaments thickened, usually shorter than the anthers, when

longer, less than 3 times as long; usually perennial herbs or shrubs

more than 20 cm. tall, sometimes scapose or acaulescent, or vines

or lianas.

5. One cell of the anther most often very reduced or rudimentary

or lacking, occasionally the 2 cells developed, when both cells

apparent the larger at least twice the size of the smaller.

C. phaceliaefolia.

520 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

5. Both cells of the anther fully developed and functional, cells

equal or unequal in size, when unequal the larger not twice

the smaller.

6. At least the upper leaves dissected to the mid-rib, small

herbs, usually not more than 30 cm. tall C. simulans.

6. Leaves entire, toothed, cut or lobed, but not cut to the mid-

rib, when deeply cut or lobed, woody and more than 30 cm.

tall.

7. Lower lip of the corolla not twice as long as the upper lip,

lips sometimes subequal, rarely upper longer than the

lower (see p. 523).

8. Plants scapose or acaulescent C. scapiflora.

8. Plants with well-developed, leafy stems.

9. Leaf blades or the winged or expanded petioles con-

nate-perfoliate.

10. Leaf blades sessile and widest at the stem.

C. connatifolia.

10. Leaf blades petiolate, widest at the apex of the

petioles; petioles (sometimes the uppermost ex-

cepted) expanded or winged.

11. Lips of the corolla subequal in length and width,

each ca. 7-8 mm. long C. sonchensis.

11. Lower lip of the corolla almost twice as long as

the upper lip, both lips often 12 mm. long or

longer C. calycina.

9. Neither leaves nor petioles connate-perfoliate; peti-

oles only rarely broadly winged or expanded; blades

sessile or petiolate.

12. At least most of the leaf blades less than 2 cm.

long and 0.5 cm. wide, usually lanate to densely

pubescent, margins frequently obviously to ob-

scurely 3-lobed.

13. Anther cells equal in size.

14. Some leaf blades sessile, margins essentially

entire or obscurely 3-lobed.

15. Leaves globose, trilobate C. inaudita.

15. Leaves linear, aciculiform or filiform.

C. callunoides.

FLORA OF PERU 521

14. Leaf blades petiolate, margins clearly 3-lobed.

C. triloba.

13. Anther cells unequal in size C. pallascensis.

12. At least most of the leaf blades more than 2 cm.

long or 0.5 cm. wide or both, never 3-lobed, usually

glabrous to puberulent, rarely lanate.

16. Inner surface of the calyx lobes with a distinct

row of hairs near the margin, other pubescence

present or lacking.

17. Blades sessile or on petioles not more than

2 mm. long.

18. Blades linear, linear-lanceolate or linearly-

ligulate C. hyssopifolia.

18. Blades ovate or oblong.

19. Blades sparsely puberulent above, essen-

tially glabrous beneath . . . . C. pearceana.

19. Blades canescent on both surfaces.

C. pulverulenta.

17. Blades on petioles more than 2 mm. long.

20. Anther cells subhemispherical, or broadly

ovoid, almost sessile, usually bigger than

the filaments.

21. Leaf blades up to 8 mm. wide.

C. hyssopifolia.

21. Leaf blades most often more than 8 mm.

wide, up to 3 cm. in width.

22. Corolla lips subequal C. padifolia.

22. Upper lip only little more than half as

long as the lower C. nivalis.

20. Anther cells oblong, elliptic-lanceolate, or

ovoid, clearly stalked, usually smaller than

the filament C. cerasifolia.

16. Inner surface of the calyx lobes without a defi-

nite row of hairs near the margin, glabrous to

densely pubescent or glandular.

23. Leaf blades sessile.

24. Leaves ovate or oblong. . . .C. pulverulenta.

522 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

24. Leaves linear, linear-lanceolate or linear-

ligulate.

25. Leaves glabrous C. hyssopifolia.

25. Leaves lanate beneath.

C. rosmariniifolia.

23. Leaf blades petiolate.

26. Leaves linear, lance-linear or ligulate,

mostly less than 9 mm. wide.

27. Leaf blades lanate beneath.

C. rosmariniifolia.

27. Leaf blades glabrous . . . . C. hyssopifolia.

26. Leaf blades ovate, lance-ovate, oblong ellip-

tical or rarely obovate, rarely less than 1.3

cm. wide.

28. Anther cells unequal, 2-3 times longer

than wide, large for the flower.

29. Leaf blade margins irregularly and

sharply appressed-serrulate; anther

cells a little unequal C. involuta.

29. Leaf blade margins usually entire, oc-

casionally; regularly, minutely serru-

late or crenulate; anther cells very

unequal C. tetragona.

28. Anther cells equal.

30. Anther cells at least twice as long as

wide, sometimes with an acumin at the

apex of the filament.

31. Stems and foliage often glabrous;

leaf blade margins sharp-toothed.

C. involuta.

31. At least the younger stems and foli-

age lanate; teeth of the leaf blade

margins rounded. C. croceopunctata.

30. Anther cells less than twice as long as

wide, occasionally wider than long,

acumin lacking at the apex of the fila-

ment.

FLORA OF PERU 523

32. Leaf blades usually 3 or more times

longer than wide.

C. deflexa var. deflexa.

32. Leaf blades up to twice as long as

wide.

33. Calyx and the veins on the lower

surfaces of the leaves with uni-

cellular hairs.

C. deflexa var. aurantiaca.

33. Calyx and the veins on the lower

surfaces of the leaves with multi-

cellular hairs C. oblonga.

7. Lower lip of the corolla at least twice as long as the upper

lip.

34. Anther cells unequal in size or shape or both (see

p. 529).

35. At least most of the leaf blades not exceeding 8 mm.

wide, linear or almost so to sometimes narrowly

ovate.

36. Corolla purple, rarely yellow with prominent pur-

ple markings; anther cells little longer than wide.

C. weberbaueriana.

36. Corolla yellow or yellow and white; anther cells

much longer than wide, frequently at least twice

as long as wide.

37. Leaf blades up to 6 cm. long or longer, mostly

more than 1.8 cm. long C. procera.

37. Leaf blades mostly not exceeding 2.5 cm. long,

often less than 1.8 cm. long.

38. Teeth of the leaf blade margin many and ap-

parent, blades narrowly ovate, rarely lanceo-

late or lance-linear, very rarely aciculiform,

pubescence long or short, sometimes mixed

with a few glandular hairs, on both surfaces,

rarely pubescence sparse, tissue usually visible.

C. scabra.

38. Teeth of the leaf blade margin usually few

and obscure, when apparent or many the

linear, lance-linear, aculiform or rarely nar-

524 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

rowly ovate blades with short, erect pubes-

cence, tissue sometimes hidden.

39. Calyces and lower surfaces of the leaf blades

densely covered with long, white, soft hairs,

at least partly obscuring the tissue; anther

cells very unequal C. reichlinii.

39. Calyces and lower surfaces of the leaf blades

variously pubescent or glandular-pubescent

to occasionally glabrous, vesture not of

long, soft white hairs; anther cells almost

equal to less often very unequal.

40. Anther cells sagittate, black or dark

brown C. revoluta.

40. Anther cells divergent or divaricate, yel-

low or light brown.

41. Corolla pilose, lower lip with the sac

half or little more than half its length ;

calyx lobes up to 7 mm. long, fre-

quently exceeding 5 mm. long, usu-

ally 5 mm. wide at base.

C. cajabambae.

41. Corolla either glabrous or pubescent,

vesture when present papillose (lower

lip) or pilose on upper lip only, lower

lip saccate either almost its entire

length or less than half its length;

calyx lobes not exceeding 5 mm. long

and 4 mm. wide, often smaller.

42. Anthers about 2-3 mm. long; calyx

lobes lance-ovate or narrowly ovate.

C. brachyantha.

42. Anthers about 4-5 mm. long; calyx

lobes ovate to broadly ovate.

43. Lateral veins clearly visible on

both surfaces of the leaf blade,

impressed above, elevated be-

neath, blades often exceeding 4

mm. wide; inflorescences racemose.

C. linearioides.

FLORA OF PERU 525

43. Lateral veins of the leaf blade

wanting or only barely visible

above, blades rarely up to 4 mm.

wide; inflorescences dichasiate.

C. Unearis.

35. Leaf blades mostly more than 8 mm. wide, wider

than linear.

44. Leaf blades perfoliate or petioles broadly winged

and connate-perfoliate.

45. The larger cell and often the smaller of each

anther usually less than twice as long as wide.

46. Ovary covered with long, tangled hair; petiole

margins entire or with rounded teeth or lobes.

C. calycina.

46. Ovary glabrous or sparsely glandular-puberu-

lent, hair descrete; petiole margins with small,

sharp teeth C. herzogiana.

45. The larger cell and often the smaller of each

anther more than twice as long as wide.

47. Cauline leaf blades, uppermost excepted, most

often wider than long, sometimes as long as

wide C. aequilateralis.

47. Cauline leaf blades mostly longer than wide.

48. Leaf blades puberulent with the vesture

primarily on the veins C. pavonii.

48. Leaf blades tomentose or lanate at least

beneath, the long, often matted hair on

both veins and tissue C. tomentosa.

44. Leaf blades sessile or petiolate, blades and petioles

neither connate nor perfoliate.

49. Anther cells sagittate and subparallel, little di-

vergent.

50. Style 2-3 mm. long, shorter than to occasion-

ally as long as the calyx; anther cells at least

twice as long as wide; corolla yellow.

51. Leaf blades cordate at base C. lobata.

51. Leaf blades broadly obtuse at base.

C. phaceliaefolia.

526 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

50. Style 4-6 mm. long, little shorter to longer

than the calyx; anther cells less than twice as

long as wide; corolla white or yellow.

52. Leaf blades pubescent beneath epunc-

tate C. baliotifolia.

52. Leaf blades glabrous beneath, densely

red-punctate C. leucantha.

49. Anther cells widely divergent or divaricate,

sometimes slightly downturned distally.

53. Anther cells less than twice as long as wide.

54. Most of the leaf blades not exceeding 2.5

cm. long, usually less than 1.5 cm. long,

bullate or plane; stem pubescence erect.

C. scabra.

54. Leaf blades 2.5-6.0 cm. long, usually more

than 3 cm. long, plane; stem puberulence

flattened or erect.

55. Apex of leaf blade acuminate, margins

regularly, shallowly toothed.

C. variefolia.

55. Apex of leaf blade obtuse; margins sub-

regularly more deeply toothed.

C. pseudoscabra.

53. Anther cells, occasionally only one of the pair,

at least twice as long as wide.

56. Foliage glandular-pubescent on tissue.

57. Leaf blades from 4-10 cm. long, usually

6 cm. or longer C. dentifolia.

57. Leaf blades up to 3.5 cm. long, mostly

less than 3 cm. long.

58. Leaf blades 2.0-3.5 cm. long.

C. pseudoscabra.

58. Leaf blades up to 2.0 cm. long, usually

not exceeding 1.5 cm. long. .C. scabra.

56. Foliage glabrous to pubescent, occasionally

only the blade margin glandular.

59. Foliage glabrous or occasionally very

sparsely pubescent on tissue and costa

above.

FLORA OF PERU 527

60. Peduncles and pedicels pubescent or

papillose; calyx glabrous or pubescent.

61. Inflorescences usually 20- or more

flowered, rarely less than 10; sec-

ondary and tertiary veins clearly

visible beneath on the subcoriaceous,

viscid leaf blade. . . .C. arborescens.

61. Inflorescences usually not more than

6-8 flowered.

62. Stem and calyx lobes externally

glabrous C. myrtiiloides.

62. Stem and calyx lobes externally

puberulent or pubescent.

C. viscosa.

60. Entire plant glabrous, occasionally ca-

lyces glaucous or pustulate.

63. Leaf-blades ovate, broadly ovate

and less often elliptically ovate,

rarely less than 2 cm. wide, up to

about 4 cm., margins sinuate or dis-

tantly toothed, teeth broadly serru-

late; ovary pubescent and glandu-

lar-pubescent; calyx lobes usually

acute C. endopogon.

63. Leaf -blades lanceolate, lance-elliptic

or narrowly lance-ovate, rarely ex-

ceeding 2 cm. wide, margins closely

and sharply serrate or doubly ser-

rate; ovary usually glabrous; calyx

lobes usually abruptly acuminate.

C. salicifolia.

59. Foliage pubescent.

64. Foliage and calyx densely lanate, pu-

bescence masking the tissue; leaf blade

margins entire or almost so.

C. reichlinii.

64. Foliage and calyx variously pubescent,

often with short curly hair, tissue vis-

ible or hidden by the pubescence; blade

528 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

margins variously toothed, less often

entire.

65. All or most of the leaf blades at least

twice as long as wide (occasionally

1.7-1.9 times longer than wide) usu-

ally acute to obtuse at base.

66. Petioles gibbous and sometimes

woody at base and laterally con-

nate part way around the stem.

67. Leaf blades entire to very finely,

minutely toothed.

C. engleriana.

67. Leaf blades coarsely toothed.

68. Leaf blades mostly ovate,

margins regularly or subreg-

ularly crenate-dentate.

C. bicrenata.

68. Leaf blades mostly lanceolate

to narrowly lance-ovate, mar-

gins irregularly serrate.

C. longiinternodia.

66. Petioles neither gibbose nor woody

at base and not decurrent.

C. scabra.

65. All or most of the leaf blades not

more than 1.6 times longer than

wide, sometimes almost as wide as

long, often obcordate at base.

69. Most of the mature leaf

blades less than 3.5 cm.

long, margins crenate-den-

tate or crenate-serrate.

C. scabra.

69. Most of the mature leaf

blades more than 3.5 cm.

long, up to 6.0 cm. long or

longer.

70. Leaf blade margins

grossly and irregularly

toothed or lobed.

C. rhacodes.

FLORA OF PERU 529

70. Leaf blade margins

subentire to finely ser-

rate or serrulate.

C. solanifolia.

34. Anther cells equal in size and shape, rarely very slightly

unequal in shape only.

71. All or most of the leaves more than 1 cm. wide (see

p. 542).

72. All or most of the leaf blades less than 2 cm. long,

occasionally blades 1.5-2.8 cm. long, with most

2.0-2.8 cm. long (see p. 532).

73. Petioles mostly 1-3 cm. long or longer, mostly

more than half the length of the blade, some-

times longer than the blade C. lobata.

73. Petioles mostly less than 1 cm. long, only rarely

(C. hedera) up to half the length of the blade.

74. Leaf blade densely lanate, tomentose or pul-

verulent beneath on both veins and tissue.

75. Leaf blade lanate beneath, of various shapes

but not obovate, margins deeply toothed or

lobed.

76. At least most of the leaf blades twice as

long as wide or longer C. aperta.

76. At least most of the blades less than

twice as long as wide.

77. Blade margins crenate-dentate; peti-

oles ca. 1-2 mm. long or lacking.

C. cordiformis.

77. Blade margins lobed, mostly with two

lateral pairs and one terminal lobe; pet-

ioles often 5-7 mm. long.

C. hedera.

75. Leaf blades tomentose or pulverulent be-

neath, obovate, entire to deeply toothed.

78. At least some of the leaf blades wider

than long C. hutchisonii.

78. Leaf blades longer than wide.

530 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

79. Blades pulverulent beneath, margins

entire or crenulate-serrulate. C. inflexa.

79. Blades tomentose beneath, margins

regularly or irregularly, grossly or nar-

rowly dentate, crenate or crenate-ser-

rate.

80. Leaves ovate or obovate, margins

grossly, irregularly, distantly den-

tate C. sparsiflora.

80. Leaves elliptical or less often ellip-

tically ovate or blades lance-elliptic,

margins crenate or crenate-serrate.

C. atahualpae.

74. Leaves glabrous, pubescent or glandular-pu-

bescent, vesture when present on venation or

on venation and tissue, but tissue neither

densely lanate, tomentose nor pulverulent

beneath.

81. Only the venation densely lanate, hair

curled and matted.

82. Style ca. 6 mm. long ; anther cells apically

acuminate C. croceopunctata.

82. Style 2-3 mm. long; anther cells without

an apical acumin C. velutinoides.

81. Venation glabrous or pubescent with short,

straight, descrete hair.

83. Corolla mostly (20-) 25-37 mm. long and

about half as wide; style 6-8 mm. long.

C. boliviano,.

83. Corolla mostly less than 20 mm. long,

when longer almost as wide as or wider

than long, style 1.5-5.0 (-6.0) mm. long.

84. Style 4-6 mm. long C. pearceana.

84. Style 1.5-3.0 mm. long, rarely to 3.5

mm. long.

85. Anthers 3.2-4.2 mm. long, more than

twice as long as wide.

FLORA OF PERU 531

86. Leaves usually elliptic; corolla

about 25 mm. to occasionally 30

(-40) mm. long. . . .C. atahualpae.

86. Leaves mostly ovate; corolla usu-

ally not more than 20 mm. long.

C. pisacomensis var. arequipensis.

85. Anthers not more than 3 mm. long,

mostly 1.5-2.8 mm., sometimes less

than twice as long as wide.

87. Leaf blades often entire, teeth

when present distant and shal-

low C. ramosissima.

87. Leaf blade margins distinctly

closely toothed or blades few-

lobed.

88. Leaf blades with few-lobed

margins, lobes toothed.

C. hedera.

88. Leaf blade margins toothed,

lobes not developed.

89. Ovary glabrous to glandu-

lar-pubescent.

90. Blade margins dentate or

doubly so, leaves often

ternate . . . C. verticillata.

90. Blade margins serrate,

serrulate or serrate-ser-

rulate, leaves usually op-

posite.

91. Calyx lobes 4-6 mm.

long C. virgata.

91. Calyx lobes 2.0-3.5

mm. long.

92. Leaves ovate or

broadly ovate.

C. ramosissima.

92. Leaves lanceolate to

narrowly lance-ovate

C. angustiflora.

532 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

89. Ovary densely pubescent

with short, stiff, white hair.

C. sibthorpioides.

72. At least most of the leaf blades more than 2 cm.

long.

93. Leaves mostly or entirely radical or basal;

plants scapose, or subscapose with stem leaves

few and very reduced, occasionally caulescent

with few branches C. corymbosa.

93. Leaves disposed over leafy, well-developed, usu-

ally branching stems.

94. All or only the upper leaves perfoliate or con-

nate.

95. Only the upper leaves perfoliate or connate,

the others petiolate or sessile.

C. pisacomensis.

95. All the leaves perfoliate or connate.

C. aequilaterahs.

94. Leaves not perfoliate nor connate, petiolate or

sessile; petioles sometimes only thinly, partly

surrounding the stem.

96. Leaf blades up to twice as long as wide (see

p. 536).

97. Corolla 25 mm. long or longer, up to

about 45 mm.

98. Bases of the petioles of the lower

(longer) leaves only very little thick-

ened and not at all woody and some-

times not thinly surrounding the stems

or branches.

99. Anther cells at least 1.5 times longer

than wide.

100. Leaf blade margins crenate-den-

tate, lobes lacking.

C. cypripediiflora.

100. Leaf blade margins 5-7-lobed.

C. rhacodes.

99. Anther cells less than 1.5 times

longer than wide C. boliviano,.

FLORA OF PERU 533

98. Bases of the petioles of the lower leaves

thickened, woody and usually sur-

rounding the stems and branches.

101. Calyx lobes up to 10 mm. long, in

life and when dry, light green to

dark brown-green.

102. Leaf blade margins coarsely

toothed C. bicrenata.

102. Leaf blade margins entire or fine-

toothed C. inflexa.

101. Calyx lobes 11-15 mm. long, in life

and when dry, bright yellow some-

times also red distally.

C. chrysocalyx.

97. Corolla up to 25 mm. long.

103. Leaves pubescent beneath with multi-

septate hair.

104. At least most of the petioles more

than 4 mm. long, up to 2 cm. long

or longer C. heterophylla.

104. All or most of the petioles less than

4 mm. long C. oblonga.

103. Leaves variously pubescent, hair non-

septate (occasionally uni- or bi-sep-

tate) or glabrous beneath.

105. Leaf blades densely lanate, canes-

cent or tomentose beneath.

106. Calyx lobes bright yellow or pale

yellow-green, mostly 8 mm. long

or longer.

107. Calyx lobes 11-15 mm. long.

C. chrysocalyx.

107. Calyx lobes up to 10 mm. long.

108. Calyx lobes bright yellow;

anther cells less than twice

as long as wide.

C. luteocalyx.

534 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

108. Calyx lobes pale green-yel-

low; anther cells twice as

long as wide. .C. bicrenata.

106. Calyx lobes dark brownish-green

to green, usually not more than

7 mm. long.

109. Leaves ferrugineous-tomen-

tose beneath C. maculata.

109. Leaves otherwise pubescent.

110. Corolla 10-20 mm. long.

111. Leaf blade margins ser-

rate, unlobed ; corolla (8-)

10-14 mm. long.

C. serrata.

111. Leaf blade margins 5-7-

lobed, lobes dentate; co-

rolla 16-18 (-20) mm.

long C. rhacodes.

110. Corolla 20-35 mm. long.

C. bicrenata.

105. Leaf blades glabrous to variously

pubescent beneath but neither la-

nate, canescent nor tomentose.

112. Leaf blade margins few (5-9)-

lobed, lobes large.

113. Petioles (1-) 2-5 cm. long or

longer, frequently at least half

as long as the blade, vesture

often of red, stalked glands;

leaf blades densely pilose on

both surfaces C. lobata.

113. Petioles up to 2 cm. long, usu-

ally shorter, not reaching half

the length of the blade; only

the calyx and flower stalks

glandular-pubescent; blades

when densely pubescent only

beneath C. rhacodes.

112. Leaf blade margins variously

toothed, occasionally subentire.

FLORA OF PERU 535

114. Calyx lobes yellow or pale

green-yellow; usually 8 mm.

long or longer.

115. Calyx lobes 11-15 mm.

long C. chrysocalyx.

115. Calyx lobes mostly (5-)

8-10 mm. long.

C. bicrenata.

114. Calyx lobes dark brown-

green to green, usually not

more than 8 mm. long.

116. Leaf blade margins mostly

subentire or (sometimes)

inconspicuosly toothed,

rarely (the largest) with

obvious teeth.

117. Leaves usually more

than 2 cm. wide.

C. variefolia.

117. Leaves usually less than

than 2 cm. wide.

C. inflexa.

116. Leaf blade margins con-

spicuously toothed.

(See choice 118.)

118. Calyx lobes glabrous or almost so, margins frequently ciliolate

or fimbriate.

119. Lower lip of the corolla 17-25 (-28) mm. long; calyx lobes

5-9 mm. long, ciliolate.

120. Lower lip of the corolla 20-28 mm. long; calyx lobes 5-

7 mm. long, ovate, acute C. leptantha.

120. Lower lip of the corolla 17-18 mm. long; calyx lobes 8-9

mm. long, lanceolate, attenuate-acuminate. . .C. scandens.

119. Lower lip of the corolla 9-15 mm. long; calyx lobes 3-4 mm.

long, sparsely setose, margins sometimes fimbriate.

121. Leaf blade teeth sharply dentate to doubly dentate.

C. verticillata.

121. Leaf blade teeth rounded, crenate C. leptantha.

536 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

118. Calyx lobes variously pubescent.

122. Calyx lobes of the mature flower less than 4 mm. long.

123. Leaf blades very short-puberulent on the upper surface;

anthers less than 3 mm. long.

124. Style up to 2 mm. long; leaf blade teeth sharp.

C. ramosissima.

124 . Style 3-4 mm. long; leaf blade teeth usually rounded.

C. corymbosa var. perennis.

123. Leaf blade glabrous on the upper surface; anthers more

than 3 mm. long C. divaricata.

122. Calyx lobes of the mature flowers 4-7 mm. long or longer.

125. Corolla 1.5 cm. long or longer, rarely 1.5-3.5 cm. long co-

rollas on one plant.

126. Capsule ovoid or lance-ovoid; leaf blade teeth mostly

large and extrorse C. bicrenata.

126. Capsule oblong, conic-ovoid or elliptic; leaf blade teeth

small and antrorse.

127. Corolla 20-35 mm. long, anther cells only little longer

than wide C. boliviana.

127. Corolla mostly 15-20 mm. long; anther cells about

twice as long as wide C. virgata.

125. Corolla only rarely exceeding 1.5 cm. long, usually 1.0-

1.5 cm. long; anthers 1.3-1.8 times longer than wide.

128. Leaf blades rugulose or rugose; corolla up to 1.0 cm.

long C. rugulosa.

128. Leaf blades plane; corollas 1.2-1.5 cm. long.

129. Calyx lobes 4-5 mm. long. . C. corymbosa var. perennis.

129. Calyx lobes 5-7 mm. long, occasionally longer.

C. virgata.

96. Leaf blades 2 or more times longer than wide

(see choice number 130) .

130. Leaf blades densely lanate, canescent, tomentose or pulveru-

lent beneath.

131. Blade pulverulent beneath, marginal teeth lacking.

C. inflexa.

131. Blades lanate or canescent beneath, marginal teeth present

or absent.

FLORA OF PERU 537

132. Anther cells up to 1.3 times longer than wide, usually less,

and varying to wider than long.

133. Style 7-9 mm. long; stigma much larger in diameter

than the style C. aperta.

133. Style 2-4 mm. long; stigma only little larger in diameter

than the style.

134. Upper lip of the corolla ca. 1 cm. long, lower lip ca.

2.5-3.5 cm. long C. atahualpae.

134. Upper lip of the corolla 2-3 mm. long, lower lip ca.

10-12 mm. long C. lasiocalyx.

132. Anther cells at least 1.4 times longer than wide, most often

1.7 times or more longer than wide.

135. Leaf blade lanceolate or narrowly lance-ovate, usually

more than 3 times longer than wide.

136. Blade margins subentire to very finely serrulate ; stems

hirsute C. hirsutula.

136. Blade margins very coarsely dentate; stems glabrous

or almost so C. longiinternodia.

135. Leaf blade ovate to broadly lance-ovate, most often less

than three times longer than wide.

137. Corollas 35-45 mm. long; leaf blades ferruginious-

pubescent beneath C. cypripediiflora.

137. Corolla often not more than 25 mm. long, rarely

reaching 35 mm. ; leaf blades white- or yellow-pubes-

cent beneath.

138. Corolla 6-12 mm. long; anther ceils distally plane.

139. Calyx lobes 5-7 mm. long; corolla sac much

shorter than the open, proximal part of the lip.

140. Style 1.0-1.5 mm. long; anther cells divaricate.

C. rugulosa.

140. Style ca. 6 mm. long; anther cells sagittate,

apex acuminate C. croceopunctata.

139. Calyx lobes 4 mm. long; corolla sac almost equal

to the proximal, non-saccate part of the lip in

length C. serrata.

138. Corolla ca. 13-25(-35) mm. long; anther cells often

distally downturned C. bicrenata.

538 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

130. Leaf blades varying from glabrous to more or less densely

pubescent or glandular-pubescent beneath.

141. Lower lip of the corolla 25 mm. long or longer, the upper lip

often well developed and longer than the calyx-lobes, some-

times only equaling or little shorter than the calyx lobes

(C. bicrenata).

142. Anther cells only little longer than wide to little wider than

long, frequently drying black or dark brown, occasionally

white to tan, parallel to divergent; upper lip of the corolla

longer than the calyx lobes (very rarely shorter) .

143. Blades regularly serrulate, occasionally crenulate or

denticulate to entire.

144. Style 6-8 mm. long; corolla externally puberulent.

C. boliviano,.

144. Style 2-4 mm. long; corolla externally glabrous.

145. Calyx lobes 3-4 mm. long, internally glabrous; co-

rolla orange C. deflexa.

145. Calyx lobes ca. 6 mm. long, internally with a row

of marginal yellow hair; corolla yellow . . . C. nivalis.

143. Leaf blades irregularly crenate-dentate, densely pubes-

cent beneath or on both sides; anthers dark brown to

black when dry C. atahualpae.

142. Anther cells from 1.5 to 3 times or more longer than wide,

drying light brown to white, divergent or divaricate; upper

lip of the corolla usually equal to or shorter than the calyx

lobes.

146. Corolla (25-) 35-45 mm. long, externally pilose; petioles

doubly pubescent (hair of 2 distinct sizes).

C. cypripediiflora.

146. Corolla 25-30 mm. long; petioles glabrous to pubescent.

147. Upper leaf blades amplexicaul or sessile.

C. pisacomensis.

147. Upper leaf blades usually short-petiolate or subsessile,

occasionally sessile.

148. At least most of the leaves not more than 2.6 cm.

wide.

149. Plants glabrous; leaves usually less than 3 cm.

long C. myrtittoides.

FLORA OF PERU 539

149. Plants pubescent; leaves up to 6 cm. long.

C. engleriana.

148. At least most of the leaves more than 2.6 cm. wide,

up to 5 cm. wide or wider.

150. Pubescence unicellular, non-septate.

C. bicrenata.

150. Pubescence septate C. vulpina.

141. Lower lip of the corolla less than 25 cm. long, upper lip most

often shorter than the calyx lobes, sometimes only ca. 1 mm.

long (except C. boliviano, and C. crenata).

151. Corolla white or yellow and white C. bicrenata.

151. Corolla most often yellow, occasionally orange.

152. Wood and foliage glabrous or almost so, only the mid-

vein on the upper surface of the leaf blade sparsely

pubescent.

153. Corolla usually orange, occasionally yellow, anthers

less than twice as long as wide C. deflexa.

153. Corolla yellow; anthers at least twice as long as wide,

usually longer C. myrtilloides.

152. Wood or foliage or both pubescent or puberulent.

154. Hair on stems and branches septate.

155. Calyx lobes ca. 10 mm. long; leaf blades coarsely,

irregularly toothed C. vulpina.

155. Calyx lobes ca. 3-5 mm. long; leaf blades with fine,

regular teeth.

156. Corolla ca. 20 mm. long C. crenulata.

156. Corolla ca. 10-12 mm. long C. lasiocalyx.

154. Hair on stems and branches lacking obvious septa.

157. Anther cells at least twice as long as wide, often

distally downturned.

158. Leaf blades lanceolate, lance-elliptic or narrowly

lance-ovate, when narrowly lance-ovate fre-

quently more than 2.5 times longer than wide,

margins sometimes entire or almost so.

159. Leaves mostly entire or subentire, occasionally

shallowly serrulate.

160. Upper lip of the corolla 3-5 (-6) mm. long,

sometimes equaling, rarely exceeding the

length of the calyx lobes C. engleriana.

540 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

160. Upper lip of the corolla ca. 1.5-2.5 mm. long,

much shorter than the calyx lobes.

C. rhizomatosa.

159. Leaves variously serrate or serrulate, occasion-

ally crenate, only rarely the young blades en-

tire or subentire . . C. angustiflora.

158. Leaf blades ovate, broadly elliptic or broadly

lance-ovate, when broadly lance-ovate blades less

than 2.5 times longer than wide, margins deeply

and irregularly cut (except C. viscosa).

161. Leaves glabrous C. viscosa.

161. Leaves pubescent.

162. Leaves and calyx appressed-pubescent.

C. colcamarensis.

162. Pubescence of leaves and calyx otherwise.

C. bicrenata.

157. Anther cells less than twice as long as wide, distally

usually plane.

163. Leaves lanceolate, entire or subentire, occasion-

ally (C. hirsutula) a few leaves serrulate.

164. Calyx lobes 10-12 mm. long . . C. chrysosphaera.

164. Calyx lobes mostly 5-6 mm. long, occasionally

reaching 7 mm C. hirsutula.

163. Leaves usually ovate, broadly elliptical or

lance-ovate, sometimes lanceolate, when lanceo-

late margins usually crenate, dentate or serrate

and frequently the teeth irregular.

165. Leaves lanceolate, irregularly toothed, rarely

teeth regular, or leaves ovate or elliptic with

small or obsolete teeth.

166. Blades lanceolate, clearly irregularly toothed.

167. Lower corolla lip saccate less than half its

length.

168. Upper lip of the corolla longer than the

calyx lobes, ca. 4 mm. long. .C. crenata.

168. Upper lip of the corolla shorter than the

calyx lobes, ca. 1-2 mm. long.

C. angustiflora.

FLORA OF PERU 541

167. Lower corolla lip saccate at least three-

fourths of its length, throat almost closed.

C. glauca.

166. Blades ovate, broadly elliptical or elliptically

ovate, teeth small to almost obsolete.

169. Calyx lobes mostly 5-6 mm. long or longer.

170. Calyx lobes lanceolate; style 6-8 mm.

long C. boliviano,.

170. Calyx lobes mostly ovate; style 2 mm.

long C. variefolia.

169. Calyx lobes mostly 3 mm. long.

C. crenata

165. Leaves ovate, broadly elliptic or lance-ovate,

marginal teeth or lobes obvious, large, regular

or irregular.

171. Calyx lobes lanceolate.

172. Calyx lobes 8-9 mm. long, acuminate.

C. scandens.

172. Calyx lobes 3-4 mm. long, acute.

C. verticiUata.

171. Calyx lobes ovate or elliptic-ovate or occa-

sionally lance-ovate, usually acute.

173. Calyx lobes 7-10 mm. long.

174. Style 3-4 mm. long.

175. Leaf blades sharply serrate or serrate-

serrulate . . . C. virgata var. llamaensis.

175. Leaf blades variously doubly and ir-

regularly dentate or crenate, only

rarely serrate C. bicrenata.

174. Style 1.5-2.0 mm. long.

176. Bases of the petioles of the larger

leaves swollen and woody ; corolla sac

less than half the length of the lower

lip C. rugulosa.

176. Bases of the petioles of the larger

blades little if at all swollen or woody;

corolla sac at least half the length of

the lower lip C. colcamarensis.

542 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

173. Calyx lobes 3-7 mm. long.

177. Calyx glabrous C. verticillata.

177. Calyx pubescent or puberulent.

178. Corolla 1 cm. wide and 1.5 cm. long

or longer C. bicrenata.

178. Corolla up to 7 mm. wide and only

rarely more than 1.3 cm. long, then

up to 1.5 cm. long.

179. Corolla sac at least half the length

of the lip.

180. Inflorescences compound and

well branched, paniculate or pan-

icles of dichasia; lower lip of the

corolla saccate about three-

fourths of its length . . . C. glauca.

180. Inflorescences simple or once-

branched ; lower lip of the corolla

saccate about half its length.

C. lasiocalyx.

179. Corolla sac less than half as long as

the lower lip.

181. Calyx lobes of the mature flowers

less than 4 mm. long.

C. ramosissima.

181. Calyx lobes of the mature flowers

4-7 mm. long.

182. Leaf blades rugulose or rugose;

corolla up to 1 cm. long.

C. rugulosa.

182. Leaf blades plane; corolla 1.2-

1.5 cm. long C. virgata.

71. At least most of the leaf blades less than 1 cm. wide.

(Please return to the margin; entry 183.)

183. At least most of the leaves linear, filiform or aciculiform, less

than 3 mm. wide, margins entire or with 2-3-pairs of teeth.

184. Anther cells sagittate, each ca. 1.5-3.0 mm. long; style 4-

5 mm. long; upper lip of the corolla ca. 3-4 mm. long; leaf

blades tomentose or pulverulent C. revoluta.

184. Anther cells divaricate or divergent, each ca. 0.7-1.5 mm.

long; style 1.5-3.0 mm. long; upper lip up to 2 cm. long;

FLORA OF PERU 543

leaf blades glabrous, puberulent or pulverulent, sometimes

glandular.

185. Leaf blades, stems and branches glabrous or almost so.

C. alba.

185. Leaf blades and the newer wood variously pubescent or

puberulent and often pulverulent, sometimes glandular.

186. At least most of the leaf blades more than 1.5 cm. long.

C. linearis.

186. At least most of the leaf blades less than 1.5 cm. long.

187. Anther cells mostly 2 or more times longer than wide.

188. Leaves pulverulent beneath, mostly about 1 mm.

wide, margins entire, leaf -fascicles and leaves alter-

nate C. alternifolia.

188. Leaves glandular-puberulent, either 2-3 mm. wide

with entire margins, or about 1 or 2 mm. wide with

2-3 pairs of apical teeth, leaf-fascicles and leaves

opposite C. brachyantha.

187. Anther cells about as long as wide to 1.6 times longer

than wide C. callunoides.

183. At least most of the leaf blades 4-10 mm. wide or when up to

3 mm. wide, broader than linear; margins toothed, lobed or

occasionally entire.

189. Leaf blades up to 3 mm. wide, broader than linear, margin

toothed or lobed, occasionally entire.

190. Leaf blade margins distinctly revolute, sometimes rolled

or folded to the midrib, toothed or with 3-9 pairs of lobes,

rarely more than 9 pairs.

191. Calyx ca. 4 mm. long; corolla ca. 8-10 mm. long; pedi-

cels sometimes 1-2 cm. long, usually englandular; south

Peru C. santalinoides.

191. Calyx ca. 7-8 mm. long; corolla ca. 13-17 mm. long;

pedicels usually less than 1 cm. long, glandular; north

Peru C. incarum.

190. Leaf blade margins plane or weakly revolute, toothed or

with 1-2 pairs of lobes or sometimes entire.

192. Walls of anther cells and septa very thick, polleniferous

part of cells only little more than half of the locule.

C. scabra.

544 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

192. Walls of the anther cells and septa thin, polleniferous

area at least three-fourths of the locules.

193. Petioles gibbose, woody at base and surrounding the

node as a thin collar; internodes long, leaves distant.

C. ajugoides.

193. Petioles neither swollen at base nor woody, descrete;

internodes short, leaves crowded.

194. Leaves, stems and inflorescences lanate.

195. Calyx lobes pubescent within . . C. decus montium.

195. Calyx lobes glabrous within C. argentea.

194. Occasionally leaves or stems or inflorescences la-

nate, never the entire plant.

196. Style 4-5 (-6) mm. long C. pearceana.

196. Style 1.5-4.0 mm. long.

197. Leaf blade with 1 pair of broad, divergent lobes

at the base, apex obtuse or rounded, tissue

lanate beneath C. triloba.

197. Leaves not as above, lanceolate to ovate or

cuneiform, glabrous to lanate, entire to vari-

ously lobed.

198. Leaf blade margin entire or few-crenulate.

C. myriophylla.

198. Leaf blade margins variously toothed or

lobed.

199. Leaves triangular or broadly ovate or

ovate, usually less than twice as long as

wide.

200. Leaf blades ovate, minute, up to 5 mm.

long and 4 mm. wide, margin regularly

with 5-7 pairs of small lobes.

C. millefoliata.

200. Leaf blades triangular to ovate, mostly

more than 5 mm. long, regularly or ir-

regularly toothed or lobed.

201. Calyx lobes 3-4 mm. long; corolla up

to 10 mm. long C. inamoena.

201. Calyx lobes 5-8 mm. long; corolla

ca. 15 mm. long C. cuneiformis.

FLORA OF PERU 545

199. Leaf blades lanceolate to lance-ovate, ob-

long-ovate or cuneately obovate, usually

at least twice as long as wide.

202. Lower lip of the corolla saccate less than

half its length C. sparsiflora.

202. Lower lip of the corolla saccate at least

half its length.

203. Leaves lanceolate or lance-subovate.

C. extensa.

203. Leaves oblong ovate.

204. Leaves glabrous above.

C. bartsiaefolia.

204. Leaves pubescent above.

C. cuneiformis.

189. Leaf blades 4-10 mm. wide.

205. Plants annual, less than 10 cm. tall; flower less than 8 mm.

long C. pumila.

205. Plants perennial, more than 10 cm. tall, up to 50 cm. or

taller; flowers most often 10 mm. long or longer.

206. Leaves entire or obscurely few-toothed, more than 3

times longer than wide.

207. Plants silvery lanate.

208. Calyx lobes 5-8 mm. long, acute.

209. Calyx lobes ca. 8 mm. long and 3 mm. wide at

base, lance-ovate, internally with a row of hair

along the margins C. decus montium.

209. Calyx lobes 5-6 mm. long and 4-5 mm. wide at

base, ovate, internally glabrous. . . .C. argentea.

208. Calyx lobes 4 mm. long, obtuse . . C. rhododendroides.

207. Plants glabrous or variously pubescent, not lanate.

210. Style (3.5-) 4.0-5.5 mm. long.

211. Subshrubs; corolla sac much shorter than the

non-saccate part of the lower lip.

C. rhododendroides.

211. Lianas; corolla sac equal to or longer than the

non-saccate, proximal part of the lip ... C. inflexa.

210. Style 1.5-3.0 mm. long.

212. Calyx lobes 10-12 mm. long. . .C. chrysosphaera.

546 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

212. Calyx lobes 3.5-7.0 (-8) mm. long.

213. Anther cells at least twice as long as wide.

214. Leaf blades less than 2 cm. long.

C. brachyantha.

214. Leaf blades more than 2 cm. long.

215. Lower lip of the corolla saccate more

than half its length C. engleriana.

215. Lower lip of the corolla saccate less than

half its length C. rhizomatosa.

213. Anther cells less than twice as long as wide.

216. Calyx lobes internally pubescent or puberu-

lent over most of the tissue. . C. angustiflora

216. Calyx lobes internally glabrous or with a row

of hairs near the margins and at the apex.

217. Upper corolla lip longer than the calyx

lobes C. rosmariniifolia.

217. Upper corolla lip shorter than the calyx

lobes.

218. Leaf blades covered with a short, dense

scurfy, brownish indument beneath

(pulverulent) C. inflexa.

218. Leaf blades most often hirsute, varying

to glabrous C. hirsutula.

206. Leaf blade margins obviously toothed or lobed, or if

entire or subentire less than three times longer than

wide.

219. Leaf blades obviously lobed and sometimes secondar-

ily toothed.

220. Blades lanate on tissue beneath.

221. Blades with 1 pair of lobes near the base.

C. triloba.

221. Blades with at least 2 pairs of lobes, one or more

pairs at or above the middle.

222. Blades less than 1 cm. long . . . . C. mittefoliata.

222. At least some of the blades 1 cm. long or longer.

C. hedera.

FLORA OF PERU 547

220. Blades usually sparingly pubescent on veins and

tissue beneath or densely glandular, or canescent,

tomentose or pulverulent.

223. Blades lanceolate in outline, occasionally lance-

ovate, 2 or more times longer than wide.

224. Blades usually tomentose beneath, margins

little revolute or plane C. cuneiformis,

224. Blades glandular beneath, margins revolute.

often folded to the midrib C. incarum.

223. Blades ovate to very broadly ovate in outline,

usually less than twice as long as wide.

225. Calyx lobes 6-8 mm. long, anthers divergent.

226. Calyx lobes 7-8 mm. long, glandular-pilose.

C. cuneiformis.

226. Calyx lobes ca. 6 mm. long, puberulent to

glabrous C. collanensis.

225. Calyx lobes 4-5 mm. long.

227. Anthers sagittate, blades mostly more than

1.5 cm. long C. lobata.

227. Anthers divaricate, blades mostly or entirely

less than 1.5 cm. long C. inamoena.

219. Leaf blades entire to toothed, lobes lacking.

228. Blades densely lanate beneath, at least on the veins

and veinlets.

229. Only the venation lanate C. croceopunctata.

229. Venation and tissue lanate.

230. Anther cells less than twice as long as wide.

231. Blade margins toothed C. sparsiflora.

231. Blades entire C. rhododendroides.

230. Anther cells at least twice as long as wide.

232. Teeth of the blade margins small, sharp,

blade occasionally subentire . . C. velutinoides-

232. Teeth of the blade margin large, rounded.

C. cordiformis.

228. Blades glabrous to variously pubescent but indu-

ment not long and lax.

233. At least some of the blades wider than long.

C. hutchisonii.

548 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

233. All the blades longer than wide.

234. At least most of the blades less than 1.2 cm.

long.

235. Style 3-5 (-6) mm. long, mostly 3.5-5.0 mm.

long.

236. Calyx lobes ca. 3 mm. long.

C. angustiflora.

236. Calyx lobes ca. 6 mm. long. .C. pearceana.

235. Style 1-3 mm. long, mostly up to 2.5 mm.

237. Ovary densely beset with erect, short, stiff,

white hair C. sibthorpioides.

237. Ovary glabrous to glandular-pubescent.

238. Polleniferous part of the anther-cells

only little more than half their volume,

walls and septa thick C. scabra.

238. Polleniferous part of the anther-cells at

least three-fourths of their volume, walls

and septa thin.

239. Leaves broadest at or near the bases.

240. Calyx lobes up to 4 mm. long.

241. Blades brown-pulverulent be-

neath C. bartsiaefolia.

241. Blades with white pubescence.

C. inamoena.

240. Calyx lobes 5-6 mm. long, mostly

more than 5.0 mm.

242. Blade margins serrulate with

very shallow, sharp, appressed

serrulations C. virgata.

242. Blade margins crenate, the often

rounded teeth extrorse.

243. Corolla 17-22 mm. long, occa-

sionally longer C. aurea.

243. Corolla up to 12 mm. long.

C. collanensis.

239. Leaves broadest at or near the middle.

244. Calyx lobes 3.0-3.5 mm. long.

FLORA OF PERU 549

245. Lower lip of the corolla saccate

more than half its length.

C. humilis.

245. Lower lip of the corolla saccate

less than half its length.

C. ramosissima.

244. Calyx lobes 4.5-8.0 mm. long,

mostly 5-7 mm. long.

246. Leaf blades less than twice as

long as wide.

247. Corolla sac often oblique,

lower lip of the corolla 12-15

mm. long C. virgata.

247. Corolla sac hemispherical,

lower lip of the corolla ca. 17

mm. long C. aurea.

246. Leaf blades at least twice as long

as wide.

248. Teeth when present on the leaf

blade margin few, 2-4 pairs

and shallow, less than one-fifth

the width of the blade.

C. myriophylla.

248. Leaf blade margins always

toothed or lobed, teeth few to

more often more than 4 pairs,

often at least one-fifth the

width of the blade.

249. Calyx lobes and capsules

glandless.

250. Leaves sometimes oblong

or cuneate-obovate, nar-

rowed to base and apex,

dentate on upper one-half

to two-thirds.

C. sparsiflora.

250. Leaves mostly subovate

to ovate, sometimes nar-

550 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

rowed to apex only,

toothed the entire length.

251. Calyx lobes 4 mm. long

and 3 mm. wide at base.

C. bartsiaefolia.

251. Calyx lobes (5-) 6 mm.

long and 4 mm. wide at

base C. extensa.

249. Calyx lobes and capsules

glandular . . . C. cuneiformis.

234. At least most of the leaf blades more than 1.2

cm. long.

252. Calyx lobes 3-4 mm. long.

253. Style 4-5 (-6) mm. long.

254. Blade margins coarsely doubly dentate.

C. verticillata.

254. Blade margins entire or crenulate.

255. Leaf blades ovate . . C. rhododendroides.

255. Leaf blades lanceolate, elliptic or nar-

rowly lance-ovate.

C. inflexa var. altissima.

253. Style 1.5-4.0 mm. long.

256. Leaf blades up to twice as long as wide,

usually less, lance-ovate or ovate, cre-

nate to serrate.

257. Calyx and pedicels glandular-pubes-

cent C. inamoena.

257. Calyx and pedicels eglandular.

C. ramosissima.

256. Leaf blades mostly at least twice as long

as wide, occasionally less than twice as

long as wide, then broadly serrate.

258. Upper lip of the corolla ca. 4-5 mm.

long, usually equaling to longer than

the calyx lobes C. glauca.

258. Upper lip of the corolla ca. 1-3 mm.

long, shorter than the calyx lobes.

259. Leaf blades usually not exceeding

2 cm. long C. ajugoides.

FLORA OF PERU 551

259. Leaf blades usually longer than 2

cm., up to 6 cm.

260. Uppermost leaf blades narrowly

lanceolate with fewer and smaller

marginal teeth than lower blades,

occasionally entire; calyx lobes

elliptical, obtuse or acute, pubes-

cent or puberulent on both sides.

C. angustiflora.

260. Uppermost leaf blades narrowly

ovate, marginal teeth as the lower

blades; calyx lobes lance-ovate or

lanceolate, internally glabrous,

acute or short-acuminate.

C. verticillata.

252. Calyx lobes 5-8 mm. long, rarely longer.

261. Style 4-6 mm. long or longer.

262. Flowers 20-37 mm. long; calyx lobes 7-

8 mm. long C. boliviano,.

262. Flowers 12-20 mm. long; calyx lobes

ca. 5-6 mm. long C. pearceana.

261. Style (1-) 2.0-3.0 (-3.5) mm. long.

263. Leaf blade margins entire or subentire.

264. Anther cells at least twice as long as

wide; calyx glandular C. viscosa.

264. Anther cells less than twice as long as

wide; calyx pubescent. . . .C. inflexa.

263. Leaf blade margins obviously toothed.

265. Upper lip of the corolla 8-10 mm.

long, often exceeding the calyx.

C. atahualpae.

265. Upper lip of the corolla up to 6 mm.

long, most often little to much shorter

than the calyx lobes.

266. Blade margins with rounded teeth,

crenate.

267. Corolla mostly 15-22 mm. long,

occasionally longer.

552 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

268. Leaf blades less than twice as

as long as wide C. aurea.

268. Leaf blades more than twice as

long as wide C. extensa.

267. Corolla up to 12 mm. long.

C. collanensis.

266. Blade margins with sharp teeth,

serrate, serrulate or dentate.

269. Lower lip of the corolla saccate

more than half its length.

C. inflexa.

269. Lower lip of the corolla saccate

less than half its length.

270. Leaf blades glabrous.

C. viscosa.

270. Leaf blades puberulent, pustu-

lar or glandular, at least above.

271. Calyx lobes 7-8 mm. long,

scabrous; capsule conic.

C. macrocarpa.

271. Calyx lobes 5-7 mm. long,

pilose or glandular-pilose;

capsule ovoid.

272. Calyx lobes 6-7 mm. long,

densely pilose externally.

C. virgata.

272. Calyx lobes 5 mm. long,

glandular-pilose on both

surfaces. . . .C. sparsiflora.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS Calceolaria

1. Both cells of the anther clearly fertile, the lower cell sometimes a

little modified.

2. Plants subscapose C. subscaposa.

2. Plants with well-developed leafy stems.

3. Leaf blades more than 3 cm. long.

4. Connective shorter than the anther cells that sometimes

appear to be contiguous C. delicatula.

FLORA OF PERU 553

4. Connective longer than at least one of the anther cells.

5. Capsule usually equal to or longer than the calyx, upper

leaf blades pinnate, some twice pinnate; flowers borne

in terminal or less often lateral dichasia . . . . C. pinnata.

5. Capsule shorter than the calyx lobes; upper leaf blades

pinnate or not; flowers solitary, axillary. . . .C. palustris.

3. Leaf blades less than 3 cm. long.

6. Lower lip of the corolla less than twice the length of the

upper C. flosparva.

6. Lower lip at least twice as long as the upper.

7. Connective longer than the anther cells . . . . C. palustris.

7. Connective shorter than the anther cells.

8. Lower lip of the corolla less than 12 mm. long.

C. sarmentosa.

8. Lower lip of the corolla more than 12 mm. long.

9. Leaf blades, at least the upper dissected to the mid-

rib, the pinnae lanceolate C. delicatula.

9. Leaf blades only rarely, if at all, dissected to the

midrib, when so dissected, pinnae usually ovate.

C. annua.

The lower cell of each anther sterile or so modified as to appear

sterile, or lacking.

10. Connective longer than at least one of the anther cells.

11. At least the larger leaf blades with bases thinly decurrent

over the length of the connate petioles and frequently with

more than 3 pairs of pinnae.

12. Pinnae most often decreasing in size base to apex; blades,

especially the lower, more than 12 cm. long and mostly

with 7 or more pairs of pinnae; nodes frequently beset

with dark exudate-filled pubescence. . .C. grandepinnata.

12. Pinnae increasing in size from base to apex; at least most

of the blades less than 12 cm. long and usually with not

more than 4 pairs of pinnae (rarely to 6 pairs); nodal

pubescence as on the stem C. tripartite!,.

11. Leaves not at all or only short-decurrent, rarely very thinly

decurrent the length of the petiole; petioles descrete; blades

most frequently merely dentate, sometimes varying to with

3 pairs of pinnae C. ranunculoides.

554 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

10. Connective shorter than the anther cells.

13. Leaf blades more than 3 cm. long.

14. Both anther cells developed, one sterile; lower lip of the

corolla longer than wide C. tripartita.

14. One anther cell frequently wholly lacking; lower lip of

the corolla wider than long.

15. Leaf blades often merely dentate C. chaetostemon.

15. Leaf blades mostly deeply incised or pinnate.

C. micrantha.

13. Leaf blades less than 3 cm. long.

16. Connective not auriculate.

17. Capsule wider than long C. tripartita.

17. Capsule longer than wide C. tennis.

16. Connective auriculate near the septum apex.

C. micrantha.

Calceolaria aequilateralis Edwin, Phytologia 19: 369. 1970.

Perennial herb, often scrambling, stem soft, 4-angled, frequently

pubescent or puberulent, especially below. Leaves bizarre, petioles

broadly winged, connate, broadest at the stem, usually serrulate, at

least on the lower half, occasionally irregularly dentate, usually a

little shorter than the blade, midvein flattened, elevated beneath, up-

permost blades sessile, broadly ovate, usually the smallest, remaining

blades (petiolate) very broadly deltoid or triangular, less often ovate-

triangular, frequently wider than long or as wide as long, very big

for the genus, 8-12 (-14) cm. long and 9-14 (-15) cm. wide, irregu-

larly coarsely crenate-dentate, narrowing to apex, cordate or truncate

at base, occasionally broadly ovate, puberulent; inflorescences usu-

ally few-flowered, ca. 7-15, dichasiate; flowers up to ca. 40 mm. long,

sepals up to 23 mm. long, broadly ovate, acute or acuminate, gla-

brous or puberulent on lower half, upper corolla lip ca. 8-15 mm.

long, cucullate, lower lip to 30-35 mm. long, orifice almost closed,

nectiferous flap much lighter colored, sac much inflated in life, gla-

brous, except for a tuft of hair inside at base; anthers large, cells

usually ca. 2 times as long as wide, mostly unequal, occasionally sub-

equal or equal, filaments short; style 8-10 mm. long; ovary pubes-

cent; capsule broadly ovoid, narrowed to apex, densely pubescent,

much smaller than and overtopped by the closely investing calyx.

FLORA OF PERU 555

Sporadic, from Prov. Amazonas in the north to Cuzco in the south.

Amazonas: Rocky cliff, alt. 3,300-3,400 m., Pennell 15694', Cerro

Puma-urco southeast of Chachapoyas. Rocky bank near summit,

alt. 3,300-3,400 m., Pennell 15905.— Cuzco: Macchu Picchu, Uru-

bamba Valley, alt. ca. 5,000 ft., Balls 6812; 2,000 m. Rauh-Hirsch

P 854; 809. — Lima: Hualgayoc: Monte Seco, alt. 1,800 m., Soukup

8834. — Pasco: Huariaca, wet place, alt. ca. 9,500 ft., Macbride 3124.

Calceolaria ajugoides Kranzl. in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. 50: Beibl.

110, 75. 1914.

Shrub (ex desc. up to 50 cm. tall, dark red branches curving-

ascending) with wood pilose or only sparsely so, foliage usually

densely tomentulose and internodes 2.5-5.0 cm. long, usually longer

than the leaves. Leaves of the branches short-petiolate, usually ter-

nate, lanceolate, few-dentate, upper often linear and entire, up to

2.51 cm. long and 4.0 mm. wide, usually less than 2.0 mm. wide,

sparsely pilose above, usually densely tomentulose beneath, the tissue

obscured by the vesture; petioles dilated and woody at base, thinly

coalescing and bearing in their axils abbreviated shoots whose leaves

are linear, entire and subsessile or sessile; inflorescences long and lax

dichasia or modified dichasia, few-flowered, the basal stalks only

once branched; bracts linear; peduncles and pedicels pilose; calyx

split to the base, sepals ovate, 3-4 mm. long and ca. 1 mm. wide at

base, densely pilose; corolla up to 20 mm. long, upper lip reduced to

a narrow ring; sac of the 18 mm. long lower lip ample, usually a little

more than half its length and ca. 1.2 cm. wide, minutely pilose; sta-

mens small, filaments ca. 1.0-1.5 mm. long, anthers a little longer

than wide; style 2.0-3. 5 (-4.0) mm. long, ovary glabrous or sparsely

puberulent; capsule unknown.

Ayacucho: Confluence of Lomas and Yanca Rivers at alt. 3,000

m., Weberbauer 5765 (Isotype F) ; Ocros2 alt. 3,200 m., Weberbauer

5801.

Calceolaria alba R. & P., FL, Peruv. 1: 19, t. 27. fig. a. 1798.

Subshrub, glabrous or almost so, stems branched and stems and

bracts both with abbreviated shoots clustered in leaf-axils; leaves

sessile, filiform, up to 2.5 cm. long, often less than 2.0 cm. long and

1 Ex Kranzlin, no leaves approaching this length seen, even on the isotype.

2 Erroneously attributed to Dept. Ancash by the collector; probably collected

at Parinacochas, fide Pennell annotation.

556 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

rarely reaching 2 mm. wide, entire, costa elevated beneath, abbrevi-

ated shoots in many axils densely foliose, therefore axils of leaves of

the stem and branches appearing very densely foliate; inflorescences

few- to many-flowered, lax, distant, paniculate or cymose clustered ;

pedicels, calyces and sometimes the corollas minutely papillose-

glutinous or -tomentose; peduncles 2-3 cm. long; pedicels ca. 3-5 mm.

long; calyx lobes ovate to elliptical, obtuse, 2.0-2.5 mm. long and

ca. 1.0-1.2 mm. wide; corolla white, drying yellow or both corolla

and calyx yellow (ex Kranzl.) upper lip annulate, ca. 1 mm. wide,

lower lip narrowed at base, up to 1.2 cm. long and 7-8 mm. wide;

filaments minute, the divaricate anthers about 1.5 mm. end to end;

style about 1.5 mm. long, ovary sparsely papillose; fruit unknown.

Sin. Loc. : Dombey s.n.

Also known from Chile and Argentina.

Calceolaria alternifolia Cav., Icon. Rar. 5: 28, t. 445, f. 2. 1799.

Differing from C. linearis R. & P. to which it is closely allied in

the following ways: the branches all very short and strictly appressed

to the stem, occasionally elongate; anthers much smaller and about

2 times as long as wide, the ovoid to almost round capsules lacking

a suddenly narrowed, long upper half; some of the leaves suboppo-

site; the upper lip of the deep-yellow corolla only a little shorter than

the 4-5 mm. long calyx lobes, the lower lip reaching up to 20 mm.

long, abruptly narrowed throughout the non-saccate proximal half.

Amazonas: Llui, alt. 11,000 ft., Carricker, s.n.', Cerro Puma-urco,

summit, 3,400-3,500 m., Pennell 15909. — Ancash: Catuc, 15 mi. east

of Huaraz, dry river bluffs, ca. 10,500 ft., Macbride & Featherstone

2511. — Piura: Huancabamba (Porculla?) Piura Divide, alt. 8,500 ft.

Sandeman 4.290. — Sin. Dept.: Buenaventura, Nee s.n.; Chasqui,

stream banks, alt. ca. 10,500 ft., Macbride & Featherstone 1772,

("Okush Romaro").

Calceolaria angustiflora R. & P., Fl. Peruv. 1: 17, t. 28a. 1798,

non Hook. C. terniflora Cav., Icon. Rar. 5: 30, t. 450, f. 2. 1799.

Upright, erect, puberulent subshrub with usually verticillate

leaves, mostly with ascending, elongate branches, abbreviated

branches sometimes present in leaf-axils. Leaves lanceolate to more

often lance-elliptic or narrowly lance-ovate, 1.5-4.6 cm. long and

0.7-2.1 cm. wide, serrate or serrate-serrulate, rarely uppermost nar-

rowly linear and subentire, apex acute, base obtusish, usually puber-

FLORA OF PERU 557

ulent on both surfaces, more densely beneath, especially on the veins,

occasionally puberulent only beneath, rarely glabrous, often with

raised, red-black, glandular punctations, short-petiolate, occasion-

ally sessile; flowers in elongate panicles or dichasia; peduncles and

pedicels pilose, up to 3 cm. long; calyx pilose, segments ovate or ellip-

tical, ca. 2.5-3.5 mm. long, pubescent on both surfaces, often white

margined ; upper lip of the corolla shorter than the sepals, lower lip

narrowed proximally, elongate, distally flaring, saccate to about half

its 10-18 mm. length, the sac only little narrower than long, slightly

upturned, purple marked internally on lower surface; anther cells

equal, less than to more than 2 times longer than wide, divaricate or

almost so, not exceeding 2 mm. long, each cell usually less than 1 mm.

long, when exceeding 2 times longer than wide sometimes downturned

at the free ends; style erect 2-4 (-5) mm. long, ovary glabrous to

densely beset with black-red glands; capsule shorter than and in-

vested by the calyx, glabrous or glandular as the ovary, ovoid, nar-

rowed to the blunt apex.

Ancash: Monterrey, 3 km. below Huaraz, stony slope, alt. 3,000-

3,100 m., Pennell 15303; slope along stream Rio Santa, opposite

Huaraz, alt. 3,100-3,150 m., Pennell 15327; Banks, alt. 2,700-2,900

m., Colca, Pennell 15383; toward El Cerro Shaurema, southeast of

Huaraz, alt. 3,500 m., Pennell 15427; Que"brada de Huaqui, Huaraz,

alt. 3,000-3,050 m., Pennell 15433; Hillside north of Huaraz, alt.

3,250 m., Pennell 15443.— Ay acucho: Coracora, alt. 2,800-2,900 m.,

Weberbauer 5791. — Lima: Prov. Huarochiri, Surco, shore of rivulet,

alt. ca. 2,000 m., Asplund 11060; Huaquisha, above Surco, alt. 2,600-

2,700 m., Ferreyra 6073; Surco, rocky banks, alt. 2,300-2,700 m.,

Pennell & Ferreyra 15240; South of Surco, alt. 2,400-2,500 m., Pen-

nell & Ferreyra 15244; Matucana, Rose & Rose 18638; Sin Loc.:

Ruiz & Pavon s.n.

The collections from Ancash have the glandular ovaries and cap-

sules. The Ayacucho collection has the least pubescence. Although

most collections are from Lima Department, this taxon is probably

widespread from the central to southern Andes in Peru.

Calceolaria annua Edwin, Phytologia 19: 370. 1970.

Annual, branched herb, upper part of the stems pilose with 2-

celled, usually gland-tipped hairs, glands minute, becoming glabrous

near the base, internodes almost always longer than the leaves; leaves

petiolate, very variable, especially as to margins, usually ovate in out-

line, mostly 1-2 cm. long and 6-9 mm. wide, rarely reaching 3 cm.

558 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

long, margins from grossly dentate especially below to occasionally

pinnate or almost so above, when pinnate, the pinnae variable in size

and outline, tissue usually glabrous above, occasionally pubescent,

most often pulverulent beneath, base of the blade only very short

decurrent on the densely pubescent, descrete petioles; inflorescences

most often 3-flowered cymes, rarely reduced to 1 flower, borne in

pairs from the apices of the uppermost leaves or occasionally from

the apices of the upper 2-3 pairs of leaves; peduncles up to 3.5 cm.

long, pilose as the upper part of the stems; flower size variable; calyx

tube pubescent, lobes externally subglabrous, veins parallel, inter-

nally glabrous, ovate or elliptical, acute, sometimes 2 different sizes

on one flower, 6-8 mm. long and 2-5 mm. wide; corolla yellow, upper

lip 2-4 mm. long, sparsely glandular, glands red, sessile, internally

glabrous, nectary almost marginal on the sac, 2-parted, very reduced;

filaments less than 1 mm. long, anther cell connective shorter than

both of the fertile locules the larger of which is about 2 mm. long and

the smaller about 1.3-1.4 mm. long; style glabrous, little curved,

1.9-2.4 mm. long; capsule about as long as to little longer than the

calyx, glabrous, ovoid, the upper part abruptly narrowed into a short,

lanceolate neck, style soon fugacious.

Distributed in Dept. of Lima and possibly one collection from

Junin (Iltis, Iltis, Ugent & Ugent 226, WIS).

Lima: Rio Blanco, between San Mateo and Casapalca, alt. 3,500-

3,550 m., Ferreyra 6974-', Moist rock ledges and granitic soil, S. of

Surco, alt. 2,400-3,000 m., Pennell & Ferreyra 152^5 (US); Rio

Blanco, alt. ca. 15,000 ft., Macbride 3038; alt. ca. 12,000 ft., Mac-

bride & Featherstone 683; Canta, alt. 2,700-3,200 m., Pennell 1^333.

The combination of usually dentate leaves and relatively large

corolla with copious sac and very reduced nectary distinguishes this

taxon from C. delicatula Kranzl., to which it is morphologically

closely allied.

Calceolaria aperta Edwin, Phytologia 19: 371. 1970.

Shrub to about 1 m. tall, foliage densely lanate or tomentose,

stem branched, drying red-brown, appressed-puberulent or -pilose

when young, glabrate in age. Leaves narrowly ovate or ovate or

oblong-ovate, those of the stem up to 4.2 cm. long and 2.0 mm. wide,

usually a little smaller, those of the branches smaller, all leaves

densely lanate when young, becoming tomentose with age, margins

crenate-dentate or crenulate-denticulate, apices acute, bases broadly

FLORA OF PERU 559

obtuse to (especially the larger) cordate, short-petiolate; petioles

lanate; flowers in compound dichasia with long basal peduncles (up

to 5.5 cm.) and short pedicels, ca. 0.5-2.0 cm. long, flower-stalks pu-

berulent to tomentose; calyx lobes ovate, ca. 6 mm. long and almost

as wide at base, apex obtuse, tomentulose on both surfaces; corolla

13-17 mm. long, essentially glabrous, upper lip erect, up to 5 mm.

long, almost as long as the sepals, hooded, lower lip saccate merely

along the margin, about 1-3 mm., nectary thin, linear; filaments

short, ca. 1 mm. long, thickest at base; anthers large for the corolla,

each cell about 2 mm. long and almost as wide medianly, broadly

ovoid, papillose-glandular, drying brown with buff-colored lower

margins; style thickened, 7-8 mm. long, stigma very thickened and

gibbose much larger than the style, ovary short, broadly ovoid,

densely beset with sessile glands; capsule unknown.

Known only from the type collection.

Lima: Prov. Canta: near Antaicocha, Cerro Colorado, east of

Canta, rocky wall of canyon, alt. 3,600-3,800 m., Pennell 14642.

A very clearly marked taxon with no morphologically similar species

in Peru.

Calceolaria arborescens Edwin, Phytologia 19: 372. 1970.

Erect, much-branched, subglabrous shrub with rigid stems and

subcoriaceous, bicolorous, viscid leaves, pubescence restricted to the

inflorescences and sometimes the younger wood. Leaves glabrous,

ovate to less often elliptical, variable in size from 1-6 cm. long and

0.5-2.5 mm. wide, usually ca. 3-5 cm. and 1-2 cm., entire to serru-

late, narrowed to apex and base, often dimidiate, drying dark green

above and pale yellow-green beneath, veins faintly visible above,

prominent beneath, costa a little elevated, other venation reticulate,

petiolate; petioles up to 1.4 cm. long, mostly 5-8 mm. long; inflores-

cences many-flowered, paniculate dichasia, terminal on the branches;

the flower-stalks puberulent or pubescent, basal peduncles up to 4.5

cm. long, terminated by a pair of reduced leaves, decreasing to ulti-

mate pedicels a few mm. long; calyces puberulent-pubescent, unequal

in width, ovate to elliptical 6-8 mm. long and 3-5 mm. wide at base,

margins minutely ciliolate, apices acute, internally usually glabrous;

corolla yellow, 25-27 (-30) mm. long, both lips externally more or

less densely beset with minute stalked glands; upper lip hooded, up

to about 4 mm. long, lower lip up to 25 mm. long, saccate to three-

fifths its length, only little narrowed proximally, glabrous internally

or with a tuft of white hairs at base; filaments very short, anther cells

560 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

divaricate, slightly to very unequal in size, each pair of cells 5 mm.

long, each cell most often at least twice as long as wide, anthers de-

hiscing through the septum; style 3-4 mm. long, a little curved at

apex, stigma punctiform, ovary glandular as the corolla; capsule not

known.

Amazonas: Cerro Calla Calla above Leimebamba (19 km.), alt.

3,000 m., Hutchison & Wright 6916. — Ancash: Bolognesi, between

Tallenga and Pachapaque, alt. 3,500-3,600 m., Ferreyra 7^79; West

slope of Cordillera Negra below Paso de Collan, rocky slopes and

banks, alt. 3,650 m., Pennell 154.76; Moist bank above stream, south

slope of Paso de Fortale'za, alt. 3,550 m., Pennell 15398. — Junin: alt.

3,500m., Ochoa721.

Morphologically closest to C. deflexa var. aurantiaca and also C.

deflexa var. typica differing from both in having the lower lip of the

corolla more than twice as long as the upper, in unequal anther cells

and in the upper lip of the corolla shorter than the sepals as well as

different vesture in the inflorescence. C. arborescens differs from the

typical deflexa also in leaf shape. The superficial resemblance be-

tween arborescens and deflexa var. aurantiaca is striking but the taxa

differ profoundly on a technical basis.

Calceolaria argentea HBK., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 382, t. 170.

1817.

Erect, branched, usually white-lanate shrub, older wood excepted.

Stems and branches smooth; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, up

to 2 cm. long and 3-4 mm. wide, entire, narrowed to both ends,

sparsely lanate above, densely so and obscuring the tissue beneath,

short-petiolate; petiole thickened and woody at base; inflorescences

at the apex of stem and branches, terminal and axillary, branched

dichasia; flower stalks lanate, 1.0-1.5 cm. long; calyx segments ovate,

acute, 5-6 mm. long and 4-5 mm. wide at base, internally glabrous;

upper lip of the corolla shorter than the sepals, lower lip much larger,

up to 2 cm. long, obovoid, minutely puberulent externally, saccate

over half of its length, the sac suddenly flaring from near the base;

anther cells, equal, divaricate, filaments short. (Ex original descrip-

tion of Kranzlin and type photograph.)

Close to C. decus-montium from which it differs in size and shape

and internal vesture of the calyx lobes.

Northern Peru in Cajamarca and Paramo de Guamani.

FLORA OF PERU 561

Calceolaria atahualpae KranzL, Pflanzenr. IV (257C): 107.

1907. C. excelsior KranzL, Bot. Jahrb. 50: Beibl. Ill, 74. 1913.

Tall, scandent vine, branches square, diverging, glabrous below

and short-dense- tomentose above, interned es varying in length.

Leaves elliptical, less often oblong, occasionally ovate or ovate-

elliptical, 1-4 cm. long and up to 1.3 (-2.0) cm. wide, vesture very

variable, glabrous to minutely pilose above, sparsely to densely to-

mentose or pilose beneath, crenulate, apically narrowed, basally acute

to subobtuse, rarely obtuse, short-petiolate; petiole usually not at all

thickened nor woody at base; inflorescences frequently 3-flowered

dichasia at the apices of the branches; flowers most often on thin,

pilose, up to 4 cm. long stalks or sometimes stalks with a few glandu-

lar hairs intermixed; calyx lobes elliptical to ovate, 6-8 (-9) mm. long

and 3-4 mm. wide, externally pubescent, internally with a distinct

line of very short hairs along the margins, otherwise glabrous to

pilose; corollas among the largest in the genus, upper lip longer than

the calyx lobes, ca. 1.0-1.2 cm. long, wider than long, lower lip up

to 3.2 cm. long and almost as wide, saccate more than half its length

with transverse or rectangular orifice, externally glabrous or minutely

pilose, internally glabrous to densely pilose, especially at the base of

the lower lip; filaments very short, anthers small, each locule ca. 1

mm. long, drying (dark) brown; stigma 2-3 mm. long, ovary gla-

brous; glutinous; capsule unknown.

Ayachuco: Pampalca between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, alt.

3,200 m., Killip & Smith 23237; below Tambo and Rio Apurimac,

alt. 3,500-3,600 m., Weberbauer 5576, the type collection of C. excel-

sior; between Tambo and Rio Apurimac below Yanamonte, Weber-

bauer 5596; Prov. Abancay, alt. 3,200 m., Vargas 77 b. — Cuzco: Prov.

Urubamba, alt. 2,100-2,400 m., Vargas 797; alt. 2,800 m., Vargas

2655; Prov. Calca, below Lares, alt. 2,800-2,900 m., Weberbauer 7898.

— Huancavelica: Prov. Tayacaja, Que"brada 1 km. N. of Salcabamba,

alt. 3,500 m., Stork & Horton 10333. — Junin: Carpapata above Hua-

capistana, alt. 2,700-3,200 m., Killip & Smith 24377.

Specimens originally determined as Calceolaria excelsior Kr. differ

from C. atahualpae in a few details, especially as to vesture (as de-

scribed by Kranzlin) but the differences do not appear to me to be

worthy of specific distinction.

Calceolaria aurea Pennell, Proc. Acad. Sci. Phila. 97: 159. 1945.

Shrub with much branched, finely pubescent stem, older wood

puberulent. Leaf blades oblong-ovate, 1.0-2.5 cm. long and 8-12

562 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

mm. wide, dentate, the 6-8 pairs of teeth rounded, plane, pilose

above, veins pilose beneath, intervening tissue reticulate, glabrescent,

rounded at both ends; petioles pubescent, 2-5 mm. long; inflores-

cences of solitary flowers or few-flowered, paired cymes; pedicels

finely pubescent, glandless; bracts and bracteoles leaf -like but re-

duced; sepals ovate, 5-6 mm. long, entire, apically rounded, greenish

yellow, pubescent on both surfaces, finely so internally; corolla

golden-yellow, externally finely pubescent, upper lip less than 2 mm.

long, arching over but not covering the stamens, lower lip 16-22

mm. long, sac shorter than the non-saccate part, internally red-

purple blotched and with a tuft of white hairs at base; anthers 3.0-

3.5 mm. long, brown, cells cylindric, glabrous, divaricate, about

three-fifths as wide as long, dehiscing through the septum; style

2 mm. long, glabrous; capsule 7-9 mm. long, ovoid-conic, densely

pubescent, glandless. (Desc. ex Pennell.)

Cuzco: Paucartambo Valley 3,500 m., Jan. 1927, Herrera 1416;

same data except Jan. 1926, Herrera s.n.; Colquipata, rocky banks,

alt. 3,200-3,500 m., Pennell 13772, Isotype (F; US); Quispican-

chis, alt. 3,700-3,900 m., Vargas 922; 9816; alt. 3,500 m., Vargas

1366; Prov. Calca, Amaru, Pisac, alt. 3,500 m., Vargas 5026; Prov.

Canas, Asuncion Bridge, Apurimac River, alt. 3,760 m., Vargas

11036.

Calceolaria ballotifolia Kranzl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 27:

18. 1929.

Tall shrubby climber, stem profusely branching, wood sparsely to

densely pubescent, the older sometimes glabrate. Leaf blades ovate,

1.5-6.0(-8.0) cm. long and 0.8-3.5 cm. wide, more or less densely

pubescent on both surfaces, especially on the veins beneath, little

asymmetrical, coarsely crenate-dentate, apically acute, broadly ob-

tuse and often cordate and dimidiate at base, upper surface usually

much darker green than the lower, petiolate, uppermost occasionally

subsessile; petioles pubescent, very short to about 1 cm. long, those

of the main stem thickened at the base and each pair surrounding the

stem as a thin ring; inflorescences terminal or axillary in uppermost

leaves, few-flowered, unbranched to twice branched dichasia; flower-

stalks pilose; flowers small up to about 16 mm. long; calyx lobes ex-

ternally pilose, ovate, 6-7 mm. long, acute, margin fimbriate or en-

tire, internally glabrous to pilose; corolla white to pale yellow, upper

lip of the corolla well developed, two-thirds to almost as long as the

calyx lobes, lower lip ca. 10-12 mm. long, broadly oblong, saccate

FLORA OF PERU 563

about half-way ; stamens short, anther cells subparallel to sagittate,

each pair joined about half their length apically, usually drying

brown, about two-thirds as wide as long, slightly unequal in length

and width; style 5-6 mm. long, ovary shining black; capsule conic-

ovoid, a little longer than the calyx.

Amazonas: Cerro Puma-urco, southeast of Chachapoyas, alt.

3,400 m., Pennell 15706; Chachapoyas, alt. 2,700 m., LI. Williams

7575.— Libertad : Prov. Pataz, Weberbauer 7036, Isotype (F).

Calceolaria bartsiaefolia Wedd., Chi. And. Nov. 2: 134. 1860.

Differing from C. aurea Pennell in having densely tomentose

stems with the vesture black, cinereous near the apex; leaf blade

margins grossly and sharply few-dentate, the teeth lightly recurved,

glabrous above, canescent-pilose beneath, ovate and oblong, 5-10

mm. long and 3-4 mm. wide; flowers in few-flowered corymbs (usu-

ally 3-flowered); pedicels glandular-pilose; calyx segments ovate,

acute, 4 mm. long, basally 3 mm. wide.

Reported by Kranzlin from Chicla at 4,300 m., Ball s.n. If these

obviously closely related taxa were considered conspecific bartsiae-

folia, the older epithet, would take precedence.

Calceolaria bicrenata R. & P., Fl. Peruv. 1: 15, t. 23 b. 1798.

C. bicolor R. & P., Fl. Peruv. 1: 16, t. 25b. 1798. C. trifida R. & P.,

I.e. 17, t. 26b. C. flexuosa R. & P., I.e. 17, t. 26a. C. saxatilis HBK.,

Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 382. 1817. C. lamiifolia HBK., Nov. Gen. et

Sp. 2: 383. 1817. C. chimborazensis Willd. ex Link, in Spreng.,

Jahrb. 1(3) : 52. 1820. C. lancifolia Willd. ex Link, in Spreng., Jahrb.

1(3): 52. 1820. C. diffusa Lindl., Bot. Reg. 16: t. 137 b. 1830. C.

macrocalyx Kranzl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 1: 99. 1905.

Shrub or subshrub, occasionally a climber, from densely pubes-

cent to glabrous or almost so, stems and branches erect to semi-

prostrate. Leaves all petiolate or the upper sometimes almost sessile,

opposite or ternately verticillate above, ovate, sometimes cordate,

occasionally oblong, rarely very broadly ovate, 3-10 cm. long and

1-6 cm. wide, mostly 5-8 cm. and 1.5-4.0 cm., acute, occasionally

subobtuse, margins usually deeply doubly toothed, the teeth sharp

or dull, rarely regularly dentate, base when not cordate, obtuse,

tissue chartaceous to firm and thickened ; inflorescences few- to many-

flowered, dichasiate, corymbose or paniculate, terminal or in upper

leaf-axles of the branches; interfloral leaves reduced; flower-stalks

decreasing base to apex; flowers large for the genus; calyx lobes

564 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

ovate, 5-10 mm. long, mostly 6-9 mm., light yellow-green to dark

brown-green, acute, entire or few-toothed, sometimes reflexed after

anthesis, rarely 2 sizes on one flower; corolla yellow and white or all

yellow, often red-glandular-dotted and pustulate externally, upper

lip of the corolla minute, ca. 1 mm. long to about half as long as the

sepals, rarely to two-thirds as long, usually arched over the genitalia,

lower lip 15-30 mm. long, saccate about half way or less, sac some-

times furrowed, erect, ascending or patent, up to about two-thirds

as wide as long, usually half as wide, internally with a tuft of multi-

cellular, white hairs at base; stamens usually short, shorter than the

style, anther cells at least 2 times longer than wide, divergent or

divaricate, distally downturned or plane, sometimes when divergent,

proximally joined apically and appearing subsagittate; style 1.5-

2.5(-3.3) mm. long or rarely 4-5 mm. long; ovary usually glandular,

glands red; capsule ovoid-conic, usually glandular and a little longer

than the calyx, frequently blunt at apex.

Generally distributed in the Andes from Cajamarca in the north

to Arequipa in the south. Citations are selected from the quite

copious material.

Ancash: Prov. Bolognesi, Arriba de Rasrachaca, alt. 3,300-3,400

m., Ferreyra 9508. — Arequipa: Condesuyas, Chuquibamba, alt.

10,000 ft., Stafford 1158. — Ayacucho: Pampalca between Huanta and

Rio Apurimac, alt. 3,200 m., Killip & Smith 22251 ; north of Huanta,

near Huaillay, alt. 3,500-3,600 m., Weberbauer 7590. — Cajamarca:

Cajabamba, Carricker s.n.; Osgood & Anderson 55; Along streams on

jalca, Cord, de Cumulloa to Celendin, alt. 3,300 m., Pennell 15169;

Along stream E. of Cajamarca, alt. 2,600-2,700 m., Pennell 15226.—

Huancavelica: Larmes al E. of Conaica, alt. 3,400-3,450 m., Tovar

174; Salcabamba, Prov. Tayacaja, shrubland, alt. 3,250 m., Stork &

Horton 10275; Prov. Huancavelica, 4 km. south of Mejorada, alt.

2,500 m., Stork & Horton 10919. — Huanuco: Huacachi station near

Muna, alt. ca. 6,500 ft., Macbride 3883. — Junin: Between Viques and

Ingahuasi, Mantaro Canyon, S. of Huancayo, alt. 3,150 m., Killip &

Smith 22144; Tarma, along stream, alt. 13,000 ft., Macbride & Feath-

erstone 1071 ; Pueblo Chinchapalca, 5 miles above Mito, alt. ca. 9,500

ft., Macbride & Featherstone 1588. — Libertad: Prov. Otuzco, Agall-

pampa, alt. 3,200 m., Lopez 0307; Dry bank, above Motil, alt. 3,000

m., Pennell & Ferreyra 14840. — Lima: Along Rio Chillon near Obra-

jillo, bushy banks, alt. 2,200-2,500 m., Pennell 14328; Canta, rocky

slopes and along irrigation ditch, alt. 2,700-2,900 m., Pennell 14353;

FLORA OF PERU 565

San Buenaventura, open rocky bank, alt. 2,800-2,900 m., Pennell

14543; Moist thicket, hills south of Surco, alt. 2,000-3,000 m., Pen-

nell & Ferreyra 15251; Canta, Ruiz & Pawn s.n.; Prov. Cajatambo,

Banos de Churin, alt. 8,000 ft., Sandeman 5388. — Pasco: Vicinity of

Cerro de Pasco, ledge of limestone cliff, alt. ca. 12,500 ft., Jenks 40;

Yarush, alturas de Huariaca, alt. 4,000 m., Ochoa 1116. — Sin. Loc.:

Dombey s.n.; Mathews 1681.

Calceolaria boliviana (Britton ex Rusby) Pennell, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Phila. 97: 170. 1945.

Perennial herb or climbing shrub, young wood 4-angled and pu-

berulent, older glabrate, often with peeling bark. Leaf blades lanceo-

late to usually lance-ovate or ovate, 1.5-6.0 (-7.0) cm. long and

0.5-3.0 (-3. 5) cm. wide, crenate or crenate-dentate, long-acute or

acute apically, usually subobtuse or obtusely rounded basally, usu-

ally puberulent on both surfaces, sometimes only pilose on veins

beneath, most often red-punctate on both surfaces; petioles 0.4-

1.2 cm. long, usually thickened and pubescent and narrowly connate

across the node, not at all woody; inflorescences terminal, dichasiate

or corymbose, not exceeding 10-flowered, usually less; pedicels and

peduncles pubescent or puberulent, peduncles 2-8 cm. long, pedicels

decreasing base to apex, the ultimate pedicels smallest; bracts and

bracteoles reduced, lanceolate, crenate or crenulate; flowers very

variable in size; calyx lobes often reflexed in anthesis, 6-9 mm. long,

and 5-6 mm. wide at base, ovate, obtuse or acute, entire or few-

dentate; corolla yellow or orange, drying orange, usually large for

the genus, 20-35 (-37) mm. long and about half as wide distally,

most often externally puberulent and internally with a tuft of white

hairs at the base of the lips; upper lip longer than the sepals, up to

1.2 cm. long, usually erect, lower lip 20-28 mm. long, saccate over

half its length; stamens small, anthers divergent or almost parallel,

only little longer than wide, reniform or ovoid, or as wide as long

and almost spherical, brown in life and when dry; ovary red-glandu-

lar or pubescent, style 6-8 mm. long; capsule about as long as wide

at base and about equal to the calyx in length, glabrous, glandular

or pubescent.

Two varieties both from southern Peru (Cuzco and Puno) are

easily separable.

Leaves mostly 3.5 cm. long or longer, crenate; ovary and capsule

glandular or glabrous C. boliviana var. boliviana.

566 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Leaves all or mostly shorter than 3.5 cm., dentate; ovary and capsule

pubescent C. boliviano, var. speciosa.

Calceolaria boliviana (Britton ex Rusby) Pennell var. bolivi-

ano,. Fagelia boliviana Britton ex Rusby, in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club

27: 24. 1900. Calceolaria zanatilla Kranzl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov.

1:107. 1905.

Cuzco: Prov. Quispicanchis: Near Marcapata, alt. ca. 3,000 m.,

Metcalf 30733; Near Rio Yanamayo, below Pillahuata, alt. 2,100-

2,300 m., Pennell 13931+', Between Mistiana and Kerous, Valle Cos-

fiipata, near Paucartambo, alt. 600-950 m., Scolnik 888; Prov. Pau-

cartambo, between Tanamayo and Tambamayo, alt. 1,500-2,200 m.,

Vargas 67; Prov. Calca, near Vilcabamba, alt. 2,800 m., Vargas 3937;

Paucartambo, Rio Tambomayo, West 7095 (cult, at U. Calif.).—

Puno: Prov. Sandia, near Limbani, alt. 3,200-3,450 m., Metcaif

30530.

Calceolaria boliviana var. speciosa (Pennell) Edwin, stat. nov.

C. speciosa Pennell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 97: 167. 1945.

Cuzco: Prov. Paucartambo, alt. 12,000-13,000 ft., Balls 6701;

6776; Paucartambo to Tre's Cruces, Cerro de Cusilloyoc, alt. 3,400-

3,500 m., Pennell 13813; Alt. 3,400-3,600 m., Pennell 13816, type

collection of C. speciosa; Alt. 3,700 m., Vargas 1547; Between Acja-

macu and Tr6s Cruces, alt. 3,500-3,700 m., Vargas 2249; Prov. Uru-

bamba, Puyupatamarca, alt. 3,400 m., Vargas 2779a; Prov. Paucar-

tambo, Dist. Marcachea, vicinity of Marcachea, alt. 3,400-3,500 m.,

Vargas 1175.

Calceolaria brachyantha Edwin, Phytologia 19: 373. 1970.

Glandular, erect shrub, much branched with ascending branches.

Leaves minute to very small, sometimes with abbreviated shoots in

the axils, the leaves then appearing clustered, linear or occasionally

lanceolate-linear or aciculiform, mostly 1-3 mm. wide but infre-

quently up to 6-7 mm. and up to about 1.2 cm. long, mostly shorter,

margin entire or with 2-3 pairs of teeth near the apex, usually revo-

lute, apically acute, either sessile or short-petiolate, when present the

minute petiole thickened and the leaf-base short-sagittate, blades

glandular-puberulent or -pubescent on both surfaces, especially on

the costa beneath, main vein impressed above, elevated beneath,

other venation obsolete, tissue dark green above, pale green beneath,

coriaceous and usually thickened; inflorescences terminal on the

FLORA OF PERU 567

branches, few- to about 15-flowered, in regularly or irregularly

branching dichasia; peduncles and pedicels glandular and erect, pe-

duncles usually 2-3 times longer than the pedicels; flowers very

variable in size; sepals lance-ovate to ovate on the same flower,

usually about 4 mm. long and 3 mm. wide at base or 5 mm. long and

2 mm. wide at base (those of the smallest flowered collections about

two-thirds the others), acute, glandular-puberulent on both surfaces;

corolla yellow, 13-26 mm. long, externally glabrous or the upper lip

puberulent; upper lip about a half to two- thirds the length of the

sepals, covering the stamens, lower lip oblong, saccate about three-

fourths to four-fifths its length, internally glabrous; stamens with

very short (subobsolete) filaments, anthers among the smallest in the

genus, cells a little unequal or almost equal, divaricate, each pair ca.

2.5-3.0 mm. long and about one-third to a half as wide; style thick-

ened, ca. 2.0-2.5 mm. long, about the size of the densely glandular

ovary; capsule glandular, exceeding the calyx, 5-7 (-8) mm. long, and

2-3 mm. wide at base, ovoid-conic, long-acute, style persistent.

Distributed in the Andes from north central to northern Peru,

departments Ancash, Libertad and Cajamarca.

Ancash: Shincush above Chiquian in Prov. Bolognesi, alt. 3,980

m., Ferreyra 5820. — Cajamarca: Between Cajabamba and Huama-

chuco, Prov. Cajabamba, alt. 3,000-3,200 m., Ferreyra 3053; Cumbre

above Cajamarca, alt. 3,500 m., Olsson 2; Cajamarca: Culentin

(prob. Celendin) Road, km. 15.5, Olsson s.n., Feb. 11, 1948; Caja-

marca: Rocky limestone, alt. 2,750-2,850 m., ridge, 11 km. S. of

Cajamarca, Pennell & Anderson 15076; Rocky limestone, alt. 2,750-

2,850 m., ridge 11 km. S. of Cajamarca, Pennell & Anderson 15077;

Banos del Ynca, just outside Cajamarca, Soukup 4627 and 4630.—

Libertad: Toyabamba, in timber-line scrub, alt. 11,000 ft., Carricker

s.n.; Otuzco, Ferreyra 3043; Above Huamacucho, alt. 3,400 m., Pen-

nell & Ferreyra 14872.

This species is close to Calceolaria linearis R. & P., C. cajabambae

Kr., C. ludens Kr., and C. engleriana Kr., differing from these by

various character combinations, especially anther size, calyx lobe

shape, and vesture and leaf blade shape and size.

Calceolaria cajabambae Kranzl. in Fedde., Rep. Sp. Nov. 1:

102. 1905.

Shrub with branched stems, wood pilose, sometimes drying black

or black-dotted. Leaves numerous, small, mostly oblanceolate or

568 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

lanceolate, up to 2-3 mm. wide often less and up to 1-2 cm. long,

margin revolute, entire or with small rounded-obtuse teeth, espe-

cially on upper half, acute at both ends, sometimes long-acute to

base, coriaceous, pilose above and below, tissue clearly visible espe-

cially when mature; the pubescence of wood and foliage erect or al-

most so and short; inflorescences terminal or in upper leaf-axils,

2-3-flowered or flowers solitary; pedicels 2-3 cm. long, pilose or vil-

lous; bracts merely reduced leaves; flowers 20-25 mm. long; calyx

densely pilose externally, pubescent internally, lobes broadly ovate,

ca. 7 mm. long and 5 mm. wide at base, acute; upper lip of the yellow

corolla a little shorter than the calyx, ca. 4-6 mm. long, lower lip

obovate-orbicular, 16-19 mm. long, saccate less than half its length,

sac erect, entire corolla densely to sparsely pilosulous externally, the

throat (ex desc.) pulvinate-papillose or glabrous; stamens on short

filaments; anther cells 2 or more times longer than wide, unequal,

divaricate, each pair of cells ca. 5 mm. long, septum thickened; style

3.0-3.5 mm. long; ovary glutinous, sometimes also glandular, capsule

not seen.

Sin. Dept. : Steep grassy slope, alt. about 12,000 ft. Rio Blanco,

Macbride & Feather stone 662.

Close to C. reichlinii and C. brachyantha Edwin and C. linearis

R. & P. The type from Dept. Ancash; photograph seen.

Calceolaria callunoides Kranzl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 1:

103. 1905.

Erect, branched shrub, wood glabrous below, white or dark pilose

or puberulent above. Leaves very numerous, aciculiform or linear,

less than 1 cm. long and 1 mm. wide, margin revolute, apex hammate

or plane, slightly wider at base, puberulent beneath, sessile; inflores-

cences of crowded flowers at the apex of stems and branches or axil-

lary, irregularly dichasiate, spicate occasionally (ex. desc.) corym-

bose; pedicels and peduncles puberulent; flowers small, ca. 10 mm.

long; calyces puberulent, 2 -3 (-4) mm. long, narrowly to broadly

ovate, acute or obtuse; upper lip of the corolla longer than the calyx;

lower lip ca. 7 mm. long, saccate about half way, narrowly obovate;

stamens on short filaments, anthers about as wide as long to 1.5

times longer than wide, globose or subglobose, cells equal; style long

for the corolla, ca. 2.5-3.5 mm. long, exserted; capsule shorter than to

equaling the calyx, globose to broadly ovoid, glabrous or pubescent.

FLORA OF PERU 569

Amazonas: Grassy open, Cerro Puma-urcu, alt. 3,250-3,400 m.,

Pennell 15688.— Libertad: Stony soil, above Motil, alt. 3,200 m.,

Pennell & Ferreyra 1^882.

This species and C. alternifolia Cav., C. brachyantha Edwin, and

C. hypericifolia Edwin form a close complex.

Calceolaria calycina Benth. in DC., Prodr. 10: 211. 1846.

C. kraenzlinii Kranzl. in EngL, Bot. Jahrb. 54: Beibl. 119, 19. 1916.

Tall, erect, usually glutinous-hispid, perennial herbs. Leaves,

except the upper, bizarre; petioles broadly winged, connate-perfoli-

ate, usually shorter than the blades, varying from narrower than to

almost as wide as the blades, widest at the stem, entire or with a few

small, rounded teeth; blades deltoid-triangular to broadly ovate,

very variable in size, up to over 10 cm. long, irregularly doubly cre-

nate, acutish at apex, rugose-hispid above, usually canescent be-

neath; flowers forming large, ebracteolate panicles, often big for the

genus, the yellow calyx lobes reaching 30 mm. long and the bright

yellow corolla up to 55 mm. long; calyx lobes broadly ovate, most

often long-acuminate, occasionally acute, mostly 17-25 mm. long;

upper lip of the corolla a little shorter than the calyx lobes, lower lip

little less than to more than twice as long as the upper, orifice usually

less than half the length of the sac; filaments thickened, shorter than

the 5-7 mm. long, apically sigmoid style, anthers divaricate, thecae

1.3 to 1.8 times longer than wide; ovary densely beset with long,

tangled hair; capsule much smaller than the loosely enclosing calyx

lobes, almost spherical to very broadly ovoid, densely pubescent.

Amazonas: Cerro Puma-urcu Southeast of Chachapoyas, alt.

2,800-3,200 m., Pennell 15535; Alt. 2,900-3,500 m., Wurdock 788.—

Junin: Carpapata above Huacapistana, edge of forest, alt. 2,700-

3,200 m., Killip & Smith 2U33.— Libertad: Prov. Otuzco, El Gra-

nero (Hda. Llaguen), alt. 2,900 m., Lopez 599.

Calceolaria cerasifolia Benth. in DC., Prodr. 10: 218. 1846.

Erect, branched, glutinous, often viscose shrub, branches fre-

quently 4-angled, especially above, young wood sometimes sparsely

brown-pilose, more often glabrous, tufts of white or brown hairs fre-

quently present at the younger nodes. Leaves petiolate, mostly

lance-ovate, occasionally lanceolate or broadly ovate, 2-3 cm. long

and 1 cm. wide or up to 10-12 cm. long and 4 cm. wide, serrulate to

serrate, glabrous, subcoriaceous, acute at the apex, obtuse at base,

dark brown-green above, much paler beneath; petioles 1-2 cm. long;

570 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

inflorescences paniculate or corymbose, ultimate pedicels ca. 1 cm.

long, shining; bracts and bracteoles minute; calyx lobes ovate, 5-

7 mm. long, acute, externally glabrous, internally with a distinct row

of oriented hairs along the margins, otherwise glabrous or puberulent;

corolla yellow, upper lip longer than the calyx, lower lip usually less

than twice the length of the upper lip, occasionally reaching twice as

long, saccate about half way, entire corolla up to 22 mm. long, some-

times externally puberulent, usually with a tuft of hairs internally

at the base; stamens short, anther cells equal, divaricate, a little

longer than wide, dehiscing through the septum; style thin, ca. 1.5-

2.5 mm. long; ovary and capsule usually glabrous, sometimes both

puberulent, capsule broadly ovoid, acute, most often a little shorter

than the calyx.

Amazonas: N. of Chachapoyas, along stream, alt. 2,350-2,400 m.,

Pennell 15501; Southeast of Chachapoyas, Cerro Puma-urcu, alt.

2,400-2,900 m., Pennell 15503; alt. 3,000-3,200 m., Pennell 15548;

Ridge, SE. of Calcomar, alt. 2,100-2,200 m., Pennell 15596; Banks,

alt. 2,100 m.; Pennell 15599; roadsides, alt. 2,400 m., Pennell 15605;

Rocky, mountain slopes, alt. 2,700-2,800 m., above Calcomar, Pen-

nell 15614; Thickets on mountains, alt. 3,200-3,300 m., Pennell

15628; Grassy jalca, alt. 3,500 m., Pennell 15651; On rocks, Cerro

Puma-urcu, alt. 3,400 m., Pennell 15713; Lower slopes of Puma-

urcu, abundant, 2,400-2,500 m. alt., Wurdack 429. — Anchash : Yanar,

weed in cult, field and on roadsides, etc., Carricker s.n.; Bushy

banks, N. of Chancos, alt. 3,250 m., Pennell 15326; Bushy bank,

mountain, E. of Copa Grande, N. of Chancos, alt. 3,300-3,500 m.,

Pennell 15366; Ravine on jalca, alt. 3,500-3,550 m., Cerro San Chris-

tobal, N. of Huaraz, Pennell 15453; Puerto Domingo, alt. 4,200 m.,

Rauh-Hirsch P2047. — Cajamarca: Vicinity of Cajamarca, alt. 2,800-

2,850 m., Ferreyra 3271 ; Along stream, E. of Cordillera de Cumulloa,

alt. 3,400 m., Pennell 15163; Mountain E. of Celendin, alt. 2,700-

2,900 m., Pennell 15192; 15208; Hills midway between Cerro de

Cumulloa and Celendin, alt. 2,700-3,000 m., Pennell 15222; Below

spring, Paso de Gavilan, alt. 3,200 m., S. of Cajamarca, Pennell &

Anderson 15089; 2,850 m. alt., Pennell & Anderson 15299; 3,000-

3,300 m. alt., Pennell & Ferreyra 14945; Prov. Contumaza, .Tuque",

Trinidad, alt. 3,230 m., Sagastegui 3841; Roadside, Hualgayoc to

Bombamarca, alt. 2,650 to 2,625 m., Scolnik 1350; Prov. Chota,

Huambos, alt. ca. 2,000 m., Soukup 4558. — Libertad: Prov. Otuzco,

between Motil and Shorey, km. 105, alt. 3,500 m., Lopez 1131 ; 2367;

FLORA OF PERU 571

Yanac, ca. 15 km. SE. of Huamacucho, alt. 3,080 m., Straw 2510. —

Piura: El Tambo, alt. 9,300 ft., Carricker s.n. ; Banks at edge of forest,

alt. 1,700-1,900 m., above Chanqui, Pennell & Ferreyra 14-914.; Aya-

baca, alt. 2,743 m., Soukup 1+353; no location in Piura, Weber-

bauer 6039.

Calceolaria chaetostemon Pennell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.

97: 171, /.i 5o. 1945.

Herbaceous, probably perennial, 3 dm. tall or taller, stem hirsute,

internodes longer than the leaves. Leaves petiolate, ovate, mostly

5-9 cm. long and 3.5-8.0 cm. wide, pubescent on both surfaces, mar-

gins dentate, usually acute at apex, base subtruncate-obtuse to cor-

date; petioles about 1 cm. long, lax-pubescent; inflorescences typi-

cally a pair of twice branched, ebracteate cymes, sometimes one cyme

suppressed; flower stalks minutely glandular, multicellular-pubes-

cent, the glands apically placed, minute; basal peduncle 6-9 cm.

long or longer; secondary and ultimate stalks (pedicels) abruptly

much shorter; calyx lobes lance-ovate, 2-3 mm. long, subobtuse, ex-

ternally hirsute, hairs gland-tipped, multicellular, internally gla-

brous; corolla yellow, upper lip ca. 3 mm. long, externally pubescent

as the sepals, lower lip 7-9 mm. long, saccate more than half its

length, lobes crenate, nectary downturned, narrowed, pubescent with

minute gland-tipped hairs; lower anther cell subobsolete or lacking,

connective as long as or longer than the upper cell, thickened and

auriculate above the insertion of the filament; style 2.0-2.5 mm. long,

strongly curving inward, basally puberulent; the young capsule

glandular-pubescent .

Apurimac: Abancay Prov., Curahuasi, alt. 2,800 m., Marin 1953.

— Cuzco: Anta, alt. 2,700 m., Vargas 231 (type F) ; Ayusbamba, alt.

3,000 m., Vargas 852; Limatambo, alt. 3,400 m., Vargas 7079.—

Huanco: Hills N. of Acomayo, alt. 2,400 m., Woytkowski 257.

Calceolaria chrysocalyx Pennell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.

97: 166. 1945.

Perennial herb, erect and glandless, stems branched, distally pi-

lose and becoming glabrous and subshining, internodes longer than

the leaves, drying light brown. Leaves ovate, 4-10 cm. long and

3-8 cm. wide, dentate, teeth rounded, apically acute, basally rounded-

truncate to slightly cordate, dark green and pilose above, tomentose

beneath, rarely tomentum wanting; petioles 5 mm. long, pilose or

glabrate, tumid, woody at base and narrowly connate at the node;

inflorescences in terminal groups of 2 pairs of 3-compound cymes;

572 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

basal peduncles 7-15 cm. long, flower-stalks decreasing apically to

1 cm. long, hirsute; primary bractlets ovate-lanceolate, dentate, acu-

minate, mostly 2-5 cm. long; sepals ovate, 11-15 mm. long, acute,

reticulate veined, externally pilose, bright yellow; corolla yellow,

upper lip ca. 5-6 mm. long, minutely pilose externally, lower lip

18-23 mm. long, sac globular, less than half the length of the lip,

glabrous internally and externally; anther cells equal, gray-brown,

dehiscing through the septum, subparallel to somewhat divergent, ca.

1.5 times longer than wide; style ca. 2.0-2.5 mm. long, little if at all

thickened; capsule ovoid-conic, 5-8 mm. long, pilose, hair short,

spreading.

Apurimac: Prov. Abancay, Ampai, alt. 3,000 m., Vargas 775;

Prov. Grau, Heights of Oropega Valley, alt. 3,400-3,800 m., Vargas

9810—Cuzco: Paucartambo, 11,500 ft., Balls 6724; Prov. Uru-

bamba, Cerro Machu-picchu, alt. 3,200 m., Mexia 8077; Near Rio

Yanamayo, below Pillahuata, alt. 2,900-3,200 m., Pennell 13792,

type coll; Macchu-picchu, near Puno, alt. 4,000 m., Soukup 144',

Prov. Convencion, Macchu-picchu, alt. 2,400 m., Vargas 797; Prov.

Paramo, near Hda. Ayusbamba, alt. 3,300-3,860 m., Vargas 857;

Macchu-picchu, alt. 2,100 m., Vargas 2090; Prov. Calca, below Lares,

alt. 2,900-3,000 m., Weberbauer 7899; Cultivated in U. of Calif. Bot.

Gard. from a collection from Macchu-picchu, alt. 2,400 m., West

6428.— Sin. Dept.: Valle de San Miguel, alt. 2,060-2,260 m., Her-

rera 1998.

This species is close to C. bicrenata R. & P. which differs in having

smaller calyces, light yellow-green or darker glandular-pubescent

flower stalks and in deeper doubly-toothed leaf-margins.

Calceolaria chrysosphaera Pennell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Phila. 97: 156. 1945.

Perennial herb, hirtous-pubescent with spreading, short, brown,

glandless hairs, densest on young growth, stems branched, pilose

beneath the new growth. Leaves lanceolate, the larger 6-11 cm. long

and 1.0-2.5 cm. wide, sometimes shorter and less than 1.0 cm. wide,

obscurely crenate-dentate to subentire, pilose and dark green above,

paler and pubescent on the veins beneath, cuneate at base; petiole

less than 1 cm. long, narrowly connate at the node, little if at all

thickened or woody; inflorescences few-flowered; basal peduncles 8-

9 cm. long; pedicels ca. 2 cm. long; primary bracts lanceolate, as long

as or longer than the pedicels; sepals ovate, acuminate, 10-12 mm.

FLORA OF PERU 573

long, few-dentate, finely pubescent; corolla yellow, externally gla-

brous, upper lip ca. 2 mm. long, lower lip ca. 15 mm. long, hirsute

within at the base, sac globose, ca. half the length of the lip; anther

cells equal, each pair ca. 3 mm. long and two-thirds as wide, divari-

cate, dehiscing through the septum; style 2 mm. long; capsule and

ovary (immature) globose, glandular-pilose. Hair sometimes septate

on new wood.

Cuzco: Upper valley of Rio Sembray, W. affluent of Vilcamota,

alt. ca. 1,700 m., Mexia 8058; near Rio Yanamayo, below "Pilla-

huata," bank in forest, alt. 2,000-2,300 m., Pennett 14045, type

collection.

Calceolaria colcamarensis Edwin, Phytologia 19: 374. 1970.

Erect, appressed-pubescent herb, stems simple or few-branched,

branches, when present, frequently abbreviated in leaf-axils, nodes

mostly much longer than the leaves, pubescence soft, white or light-

gray, densest on younger growth. Leaves short-petiolate, ovate or

less often narrowly ovate, all but the largest at least twice as long as

wide, (1. 5-) 2.0-4. 8 cm. long and 0.6-2.0 (-3.0) cm. wide, margins

serrate-serrulate, apex broadly acute, base cuneate, densely ap-

pressed-short-pubescent and red-punctate above, appressed-pubes-

cent on the elevated, almost white, thickened veins and densely

red-punctate beneath; petioles 2-10 mm. long, sparsely to densely

pubescent, thickened, discrete; inflorescences terminal or in upper

axils, dichasiate-corymbose, few- (ca. 3-5-) to many-flowered (ca.

15-20) ; basal peduncles up to 3 cm. long, flower-stalks decreasing to

ultimate pedicels a few mm. long, all stalks densely appressed-

pubescent; calyx lobes when young with pubescence and venation

as the lower surface of the leaves, veins with age less apparent and

vesture less dense, mostly ovate, acute, 7-10 mm. long, internally

glabrous; corolla yellow, wholly glabrous, 13-17 mm. long; upper lip

2^4 mm. long; lower lip distally almost round, saccate less than half-

way, orifice oblique; stamens small, filaments short, anther cells

equal, divaricate, a little less to a little more than twice as long as

wide, each cell ca. 1.2-1.4 mm. long, red-brown when dry; style 1.5-

2.0 mm. long, glabrous, ovary resinous, dark red gland-dotted; cap-

sule broadly ovoid, abruptly long-acute, 5-6 mm. long and wide,

red-gland-dotted .

Amazonas: Roadsides on dry loam, alt. 2,300-2,800 m., Colca-

mar, Pennell 15604-

574 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

This species differs from all other Calceolarias by the combination

of the following characters: flattened, elevated, white venation on the

leaf blades beneath, dense-red-gland-dotted fruit, calyx and blade,

sepals often about half as long as the lower lip of the corolla and ap-

pressed pubescence on the stems and branches.

Calceolaria collanensis Edwin, Phytologia 19: 375. 1970.

Erect, much-branched shrub, the wood when young densely

white-puberulent-pubescent, becoming glabrous with age, branches

and branchlets twisted, drying brown to dark brown or black, inter-

nodes much longer than the leaves, sometimes 5-7 times as long.

Leaves petiolate, ovate to very broadly ovate, 0.6-1.5 cm. long and

4-10 mm. wide, margins narrowly revolute, thickened, with 3-7 pairs

of obtuse lobes or teeth, pubescent-puberulent on both surfaces,

hairs curly beneath, apically acutish, basally broadly obtuse to sub-

truncate; petioles short, up to 5 mm. long, pubescent-puberulent,

thickened, swollen and woody at base, the petioles of the main stems

and branches with abbreviated branchlets in the axils; inflorescences

simple or branched dichasia, borne in upper leaf-axils on stems and

branches, occasionally the dichasium suppressed and axils 1-flowered;

flower-stalks short, pubescent-puberulent; bractlets when present,

minute; calyx lobes elliptically ovate or elliptical, 5-6 mm. long and

1.5-2.5 mm. wide, pubescent on both surfaces; corolla 11-12 mm.

long, drying dark brown (orange-red in life?), lower lip ca. 2 mm.

long, upper lip saccate distally only 1-2 mm., sac undulate, nectary

only partly reflexed-hidden, almost as long as the sac, entire lip gla-

brous or sparsely papillose-puberulent; filaments 1.0-1.5 mm. long,

anther cells equal, divaricate, little longer than wide; style ca. 1.0-

1.5 mm. long, ovary red-shining-glandular; capsule exceeding the

calyx, 7-8 mm. longer, narrowly ovate to ovate, upper half narrowly

elongate, beaklike, red-shining-glandular, glands short-stalked.

Known only from the holotype.

Ancash: Western slope of Cordillera Negra, below Paso de Col-

Ian, bank along stream, alt. 3,500 m., Pennell 15470.

This taxon is quite distinct from all other taxa due to the com-

bination of open corolla with undulate sac and prominent nectary as

well as the swollen petioles with abbreviated axillary shoots and

finally the long internodes.

FLORA OF PERU 575

Calceolaria connatifolia Pennell, Not. Nat. 256. 1951.

Lax scrambling herb up to 1 m. tall, glabrous or subglabrous ex-

cept for the inflorescence. Stems drying purple or brown; leaves

connate-perfoliate, tapering to apices, oblong-lanceolate, 5-8 cm.

long and 2.0-3.5 cm. wide, serrate, dark green above, pubescent on

the sunken mid-vein, paler beneath with sharply marked reticula-

tions; flowers in simple or compound cymes, in axils of upper leaves;

stalks of the inflorescences short-pilose to subglabrous; basal pedun-

cles up to 4.0 cm. long, the intermediate peduncles shorter; the ped-

icels shortest, 1.5-2.0 cm. long; sepals 4-5 mm. long, broadly ovate,

mucronulate, glutinous and sometimes externally pilose, internally

with a dense row of short hairs near the margin; corolla lemon-yellow,

globose, upper lip 2-3 mm. long, projecting over the anthers, lower

lip up to 8-9 mm. long, saccate about one-third its length, basally

hirsute within; anthers pale brown, cells rounded, dehiscing through

the septum; style much exceeding the stamens, ca. 4.0 mm. long,

sigmoid at apex, ovary glabrous, glutinous; capsules very broadly

ovoid or deltoid-ovoid, narrowed to apex, subglutinous, much smaller

and included in the loosely investing sepals.

Amazonas: Cerro Puma-urco, near summit, seepage forest, in

thicket, alt. 3,300-3,400 m., Pennell 15906; alt. 2,700-3,100 m.,

Wurdack 1631. — Cajamarca: Carricker s.n.

Calceolaria cordiformis Edwin, Phytologia 19: 376. 1970.

Climbing perennial herb or subshrub, stem branched, when young

densely tomentose-lanate, becoming almost glabrous with age, nodes

longer or shorter than the leaf blades. Leaves opposite or verticil-

late, broadly ovate-cordiform, mostly up to 1.5 cm. long, rarely up

to 2.5 cm. and up to 9 mm. wide, occasionally up to 2 cm. wide,

tomentose above, very densely tomentose-lanate beneath, the pubes-

cence completely obscuring the tissue, margins revolute, dentate,

teeth large, round, apex subacute or acute, bases cordate, occasion-

ally truncate or broadly obtuse, venation impressed above, sessile or

subsessile; petioles when present up to 4 mm. long, very densely

lanate; inflorescences dichasiate, dense, terminal or in upper leaf-

axils; flower-stalks not exceeding 2 cm. long, often less than 1 cm.

long, densely lanate; calyx externally lanate, internally glabrous or

sparsely puberulent at the apex, especially when young, ovate, ca.

5 mm. long and 4 mm. wide near the base, entire, acute; corolla

yellow, wholly glabrous, 7-9 mm. long, lower lip 1-2 cm. long, upper

lip saccate less than half its length, ca. 3-4 mm. wide; anther cells

576 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

equal, each pair divaricate, ca. 1.5-2.2 mm. long, about twice as long

as wide, filaments ca. 2 mm. long; ovary glandular, style short, ca.

1-2 mm. long; capsule glandular, ovoid-conic, acute, shorter than

and loosely invested by the calyx lobes.

This taxon is keyed as leaves more or less than 1 cm. wide, since

the largest leaves indicate the strong possibility that future collec-

tions may well have all or most leaf blades wider than 1 cm.

Cajamarca: Along streamlet, above Llama, alt. 2,450 m., Pennell

15924; Prov. Chota, Huambos, alt. ca. 2,000 m., Soukup 4549.—

Piura: Road from Huancabamba to the three acequias, alt. ca.

2,500 m., Scolnik 1422.

This taxon is closest to C. hedera, C. aperta, and C. velutinoides

Edwin, but quite readily separable from these taxa.

Calceolaria corymbosa R. & P., Fl. Peruv. 1: 14, t. 20b. 1798.

Herb, nodding and scapose to erect and caulescent, the stems pu-

bescent, usually unbranched and few-leaved, up to 60 cm. tall, foliage

and inflorescences usually variously pubescent; internodes gibbose or

not. Leaves mostly radicle, long- to short-petiolate, the stem leaves

when present petiolate to sessile or almost so, ovate to elliptically

ovate, 4-15 cm. long and 2-8 cm. wide, usually irregularly crenate to

obtusely dentate, rarely teeth reduced, apex obtuse, base sometimes

attenuate to acute, usually obtuse, subglabrous to densely pubescent ;

inflorescences usually few-flowered, regularly, bifurcately branching

or corymbose, either terminating a scape or in axils of upper leaves ;

uppermost leaves bracteate; bracteoles lacking; flower-stalks usually

pubescent, from much longer to shorter than the flowers, the pedicels

shortest; calyx lobes deltoid-ovate or broadly ovate, acute or short-

acuminate, usually densely pubescent and soft-ciliate, pubescence

occasionally sparse, dark red-green externally, light yelow-green in-

ternally, 7-9 mm. long; calyx tube 1-2 mm. long, pubescent; corolla

10-18 (-22) mm. long, lemon-yellow, marked with brown lines, gla-

brous or sometimes viscid-puberuelnt, upper lip much shorter than

the calyx lobes, with a tuft of long, white pubescence internally at

base, lower lip 4 to 5 times longer than the upper, about two-thirds as

wide as long, distally strongly upcurved, the upper fold one-half to

almost completely closing the orifice; filaments short, dilated, anthers

divaricate, about twice as long as wide; style usually shorter but

varying to longer than the filaments, ovary glabrous or glandular-

pubescent.

FLORA OF PERU 577

The northern collections usually more densely pubescent than the

southern. The species as now constituted shows a disjunct distri-

bution.

Plants scapose C. corymbosa var. corymbosa.

Plants caulescent C. corymbosa var. perennis.

Calceolaria corymbosa R. & P. var. corymbosa 19: 377. 1970.

C. paralia Hook., Exot. Fl. t. 75. 1823, non Cav. C. hians Penny

ex Don and C. hopeana Morris ex Don, Gen. Syst. 4: 603 and 606.

1838. C. elliptica Wedd., Chi. And. Nov. 2: 137. 1860. C. heterophyl-

ioides Kranzl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 1: 100. 1905.

Cajamarca: East of Celendin, alt. 2,700-2,900 m., Pennell 15209;

Paso de Gavilan South of Cajamarca, alt. 3,200 m., Pennell & An-

derson 15094 and Pennell & Ferreyra 14954; Michiquillo, alt. 3,400-

3,500 m., Pennell & Reichlin 15036. — Sin. Loc.: Dombey s.n. — Sin.

Depto. : Huasohuasi, Weddell s.n. and reported by Kranzlin, Tarma,

Junin : Weberbauer 2423.

Calceolaria corymbosa var. perennis Edwin, Phytologia 19:

377. 1970.

Stems leafy, erect and elongate; inflorescences in axils of upper

leaves.

Lambayeque: Hacienda Taulis, vicinity of the Casa Hacienda,

Prov. Chiclayo, alt. 1,900 m., Hutchison & von Bismarck 6339.—

Libertad: Samne, Prov. Otusco, along Rio Moche, below junction,

cliff, alt. 2,500 m., Pennell & Ferreyra 14887; Road banks, Samne,

alt. 1,900 m., Hutchison & Wright 6130 (type).

Calceolaria crenata Lam., Encycl. 1: 556. 1783. C. amplexi-

caulis HBK., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 384. 1817. C. floribunda HBK.,

Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 385. 1817.

Erect subshrub, stems little to much branched, fistulose, pilose or

glandular-pilose. Leaf blades sessile, lance-oblong to narrowly lance-

ovate, up to 12 cm. long and 2.0-3.5 cm. wide, hirtellus or pilose

above, hirsute or glandular-pilose beneath, crenate- or dentate-ser-

rate, ovate or cordate at base, amplexicaul or almost so, often gluti-

inous; flowers in corymbs or umbellate corymbs; peduncles glandular-

pilose, up to 12 cm. long; calyx lobes externally and often internally

glandular-pilose, ovate, 2-3 mm. long and 2.0-2.5 mm. wide, veins

often obvious ; corolla yellow, glabrous, upper lip a little longer than

578 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

the calyx, lower lip up to 2 cm. long and 1.5 cm. wide, saccate less

than half its length, the orifice closed by the upturning of the sac to

the upper lip; stamens very short, anther locules equal, less than

twice as long as wide. (Description after Kranzlin.)

Only photographs and fragments seen. This taxon is included

provisionally. The material attributed by Kranzlin to Peru may

pertain rather to Ecuador.

Calceolaria crenulata Pennell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 97:

169, pi 14 C. 1945.

Erect, lax, branched herb, stems appressed-hirsute, with multi-

cellular, brown-jointed hairs. Leaves oblong-ovate, blades 5-8 cm.

long and 2.5-3.0 cm. wide, crenulate, glandular-puberulent above,

hirsute with brown, appressed hairs, on mid-rib and main veins be-

neath, apex acute, rounded to base; petioles frequently more than

1 cm. long, thickened, densely hirsute with appressed, brown hairs;

inflorescences of a few pairs of 1-compound cymes; basal peduncles

4-5 cm. long; pedicels decreasing apically, all stalks hirsute; primary

bractlets small, leaf -like; sepals ca. 3 mm. long, lanceolate, obtuse,

entire, densely, minutely hirsute on both sides; corolla yellow, exter-

nally puberulent, internally hirsute in a circle around the orifice,

upper lip ca. 5 mm. long, slightly wider than the base of the 30 mm.

long lower lip that is upturned and forms a sac oneh-alf to two-thirds

its length; anthers brown, rounded, the almost globose cells dehiscing

through the septum; style 2-3 mm. long, glandular-puberulent bas-

ally. Known only from the type collection. (After original de-

scription.)

Cuzco: Prov. Paucartambo, E. slope of Cord, de Caravaya along

Rio Yanamayo, rocky stream-bank in forest, below "Pillahuata"

SE. of Paso de Tre"s Cruces, alt. 2,100-2,300 m., Pennell 14036.

Calceolaria croceopunctata Edwin, Phytologia 19: 378. 1970.

Shrub, erect, branched, internodes distant, up to ca. 13 cm. long,

about 4-6 times longer than the leaves near the base to only 2-3

times longer than the leaves below the inflorescences, current wood

sparsely pubescent with recumbent white hairs, soon glabrate, bark

drying smooth. Leaf blades (very) short-petiolate, ovate, mostly

2-3 cm. long and 1.0-1.3 cm. wide, crenate, acute at apex, obtuse to

subtruncate at base, rugulose, sparsely puberulent above, densely

tomentose-lanose on the veins and very densely punctate with sessile,

shining, orange punctations beneath; petiole densely lanate, up to

FLORA OF PERU 579

3 mm. long, reduced leaves often present in the axils; inflorescences

paired, many-flowered, dichasiate-panicles, in the upper leaf axils of

stems and branches; peduncles 2-3 cm. long; pedicels 1-2 cm. long,

all flower-stalks densely lanate; flowers 13-17 mm. long; calyx lobes

dimorphic on each flower, lance-elliptic or ovate, 7 mm. long and

3 mm. wide or 6-7 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, pubescent-puberulent

on both surfaces; corolla yellow, minutely papillose, a tuft of white

hair within at the base, upper lip 4-6 mm. long, lower lip 9-12 mm.

long, saccate less than half its length, sac only little wider than prox-

imal part of lip; filaments 1.0-1.5 mm. long, anther cells equal, sagit-

tate, each pair 3.0-3.4 mm. long, each cell ca. 1.2 mm. wide, an acu-

min developed at the apex of the septum; style ca. 6 mm. long, very

long for the flower, exceeding the upper lip of the corolla; ovary

glandular-pubescent, glands stalked, red; capsule broadly deltoid-

ovoid, acute vesture as the ovary, much shorter than the calyx, 3.5

mm. long and about as wide at the base.

Known only from the type.

Chachapoyas: Cerro Tinaja, alt. 3,200 m., Ochoa 1686 (US).

Close to C. rugulosa Edwin, from which it differs in leaf -size, ves-

ture (orange punctations beneath), style length, and anther size and

shape.

Calceolaria cuneiformis R. & P., Fl. Peruv. 1: 19, t. 27, fig. b.

1798. C. rotundifolia HBK., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 382. 1817. C. foli-

osa Meyen. ex. Walp. et Schau., in Nov. Acta. Acad. Nat. Cur. 19:

Suppl. 1. 295. 1843.

Shrubby, erect and branched, pubescence on wood and foliage

variable, occasionally almost glabrous, wood usually hirsute or pilose.

Leaves variable in shape, ovate to more often triangular-ovate, occa-

sionally very broadly ovate, not infrequently triangular, rarely sub-

rotund, 0.4-2.0(-3.2) cm. long and 0.2-1.0(-1.5) cm. wide, mostly

0.7-1.5 cm. long and 0.5-0.9 cm. wide, margin crenate or dentate or

few-lobed, rarely many-lobed, cuneate at base, obtuse to subacute

apically, hirsute above, pilose beneath, rarely vesture wanting, often

obscuring the tissue beneath, at least in part; inflorescences terminal,

axillary, irregularly branched, few- to usually many-flowered ; flower

stalks up to 2 cm. long, glandular-pilose; bracts minute, scattered;

calyx segments shining, ovate, ca. 8 mm. long and 5 mm. wide near

the base, acute, densely glandular-pilose; corolla yellow, ca. 1.5 cm.

long and distally 1 cm. wide; upper lip shorter than the calyx, lower

580 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

lip saccate less than half its length; filaments short, anther cells con-

tiguous, almost twice as long as wide to only little longer than wide;

style 2-3 mm. long; ovary and capsule glandular-pilose.

The distribution of this taxon is quite broad. It has been col-

lected in concentration in Dept. Lima and then scattered collections

to almost the southernmost department (Moquegua).

Apurimac: Prov. Abancay, Curahuasi, alt. 2,800 m., Marin 1926;

Prov. Condehuaylos, Moyobamba, alt. 3,650 m., Vargas 8730', 2 km.

S. of Chincheras, shrubland, alt. 2,800 m., Stork & Horton 10734.—

Arequipa: Canyon above Arequipa, alt. 2,700-3,300 m., Pennell

14271 ; Lower slope of Chachami 3,170 m., Hutchison & Wright 7227;

9,000 ft. alt., Sandeman 3809. — Huancavelica, Prov. Castro virreina,

near Cordova, alt. 3,050-3,300 m., Ferreyra 6976; Valley of Rio

Rimac, near Lima-Aroya, 70 km. E. of Lima, alt. 1,850 m., Goodspeed

33122; Rio Blanco, alt. 3,000-3,500 m., open hillside, Killip & Smith

21584; 21585; 21703; 21736; Matucana, rocky hilltop, alt. ca. 8,000

ft., Macbride & Featherstone 682; Huaros, alt. 3,400-3,500 m., Pen-

nell 14713; Rocky bank above Rio Blanco, alt. 3,500-3,700 m.,

Pennell & Maldonado 15939. — Moquequa: Carumas, rainy-green

formation, alt. 3,200 m., Weberbauer 7292. — Puno: Prov. Puno, 10

km. from Chucuito, on road to Puno, alt. ca. 4,000 m., Metcalf 30690.

The wide altitudinal range, from 1,850 to 4,000 m., as well as its

latitudinal dispersion (see above) may account for the morphological

variability expressed by this species.

Calceolaria cypripediiflora Kranzl. in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov.

1: 101. 1905. C. furcata Pennell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 97:

152. 1945. C. drepanantha Pennell, I.e. 97: 154. 1945.

Herb, erect and most often pubescent, hair occasionally white to

usually brownish, or doubly pubescent with long brown and short

white hairs, mostly much branched. Leaves long-petioled, ovate or

oblong-ovate, occasionally elliptic-ovate, rarely subglabrous, usually

hirsute or pilose, sometimes densely so beneath, the vesture obscuring

the tissue; blades 2.5-7.5 cm. long and 2.5-5.0 cm. wide, margins

grossly crenate-dentate or doubly dentate, apex acute to obtuse, base

rounded to cordate, tissue most often paler beneath; petiole mostly

0.8-2.5 cm. long; inflorescences branched, often corymbose, few- to

several-flowered; flower-stalks with vesture as the stems or denser;

flowers 30-45 mm. long; calyx lobes equal or unequal, often reflexed

at anthesis, 5-10 mm. long, lanceolate to ovate, acute, entire, exter-

nally hirsute or pilose, internally glabrous; corolla yellow, externally

FLORA OF PERU 581

pubescent, upper lip 4-10 mm. long, lower lip 25-40 mm. long, sac-

cate up to half its length and the sac often canaliculate, the non-

saccate, proximal part very narrow, ca. 3-4 mm. wide; filaments

short, anther cells equal, 1.5 times or more longer than wide, each

pair of cells 3-4 mm. long; style 4-6 mm. long, little thickened, api-

cally incurved, ovary densely glandular-pubescent; capsule little

longer to little shorter than the calyx, vesture as the ovary.

Ayacucho: Moist rocks near a brook, Choimacota Valley, Prov.

Huanta, alt. 3,100-3,200 m., Weberbauer 7577.— Cuzco: Macchu-

picchu, alt. 2,100 m., Cook & Gilbert 847; alt. 2,000 m., Rauh-Hirsch

P855; Macchu-picchu, Prov. Convencion, alt. 2,400 m., Vargas 8^0,

type of C.furcata Penn. ; Puyupatamarca, Prov. Urubamba, on rocks,

alt. 3,400 m., Vargas 2779; Shrub on open rocky places, Lares Valley,

Huallhuayoj, Prov. Calca, alt. 2,200-2,300 m., Weberbauer 7901, the

type of C. drepanantha Pennell. — Puno: Near Limbani, Prov. Sandia,

wet mountainside, alt. 3,200-3,450 m., Metcalf 305^1.

Calceolaria decus-montium Kranzl. in Engler., Bot. Jahrb.

54: Beibl. 119. 20. 1917.

Small, caespitose, densely lanate, little-branched shrub, sterile

shoots not exceeding 5 cm. tall, fertile shoots up to 18 cm., wood,

foliage and inflorescences densely beset with long, soft, white hairs.

Leaves lanceolate, with the hair silvery, the largest 8 mm. long and

3 mm. wide; flowers apical in 1 or 2 pairs on the fertile stems (due to

the abortion of 1 of the flowers of a simple dichasium) ; pedicels up

to 2 cm. long, usually shorter; calyx lobes ovate-lanceolate, 8 mm.

long and 3 mm. wide, acute, internally glabrous except for the pilose

margins; corolla yellow, up to 27 mm. long, usually at least 23 mm.

long and 2 cm. wide, densely white villose internally at base, upper

lip ca. 5 mm. long, cap-like, short-pilose, lower lip obovate to almost

orbicular, externally glabrous; filaments minute, anthers 2-3 mm.

long, 1.5 times longer than wide, cells divaricate; style 1-2 mm. long,

ovary ovate, short-setose; capsule unknown. (Description after

Kranzlin.)

Known only from the type material.

Piura: Prov. Huancabamba, between Huancabamba and Jicate,

alt. 2,500-2,600 m., Weberbauer 6329 (F).

Calceolaria deflexa R. & P., Fl. Peruv. 1: 18, t. 30, f.b. 1798.

C. fuchasiaefolia Hemsl., The Garden, 258. 1879.

582 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Essentially glabrous, erect or climbing shrub, stems branching.

Leaves either glabrous, lanceolate, lance-ovate or narrowly oblong-

ovate, usually 4-8 cm., long and ca. 1-3 cm. wide, minutely serrate

to entire, mostly acute at both ends, sometimes subobtuse at base,

bicolorous, paler beneath, veins subobscurely reticulate to subobso-

lete, petiolate, or leaves ovate, 2.5-4.0 (-4.5) cm. long and 0.7-

2.0 cm. wide, with veins reticulate beneath ; petioles up to 1 cm. long;

inflorescences few-flowered, not exceeding 8 (-12) -flowered, terminal

or axillary, subumbellate or corymbose or occasionally dichasiate;

flower-stalks minutely puberulent or glabrous; basal peduncles 2-

4 cm. long; calyx glabrous, sepals ovate, acute, 3-4 (-6) mm. long,

2-3 (-5) mm. wide; corolla yellow or orange, upper lip of corolla

about twice as long as the calyx (ca. 0.8-1.0 cm. long), hooded, paler

than the lower lip that is from little longer to almost twice as

long as the upper, occasionally a little more than twice as long

(up to 2.2 cm. long), suborbicular, usually saccate over three-

fourths of its length, glabrous except for a dense tuft of white hairs

at the base internally; filaments very short, often pilulose, thecae

equally divergent, each pair ca. 2.5-3.0 mm. long, less than twice

as long as wide; style 3.5-4.5 mm. long, stigma punctiform, ovary

glabrous; capsule ovoid, acute, glabrous, much longer than the

calyx. Separable into 2 distinct varieties.

Leaves more than 2.5 times longer than wide, lanceolate, lance-ovate

or narrowly oblong-ovate C. deflexa var. deflexa.

Leaves up to 2.2 times longer than wide, usually less, ovate or ellip-

tically ovate C. deflexa var. aurantiaca.

Calceolaria deflexa R. & P. var. deflexa

Ancash: Prov. Bolognesi: Huayalpampa, alt. 3,600 m., Ferreyra

381 ; Cerro Chiquian, alt. 3,360 m., Ferreyra 400', Arriba de Chiquian,

alt. 3,500-3,800 m., Ferreyra 6220; Prov. Huaraz, alt. 3,000 m.,

Nunez 3194.', Copa Grande, north of Chancos, along stream, alt. 3,350

m., Pennell 15362; Along stream Colcas, alt. 2,800-2,900 m., Pen-

nell 14382; Paso de Fortale"za, above stream, alt. 3,350 m., Pennell

15397; Cerro San Cristobal, west of Huaraz, alt. 3,300-3,350 m.,

Pennell 15444; Cajamarca: Along Rio Lulichuco, alt. 2,600-2,700 m.,

above (sw.) Cajabamba, Pennell & Ferreyra 14860. — Libertad: Bom-

bamarca, city of Bombamarca, slope of E. Cordillera, alt. 10,000-

12,000 ft., Carricker s.n.; Huamachuco: wet cliff, alt. 3,250 m., Pen-

nell & Ferreyra 14870. — Lima: near Infiernillo, between Matucana

and Tarma, alt. 3,350-3,400 m., Ferreyra 6255; Open hillside, Rio

FLORA OF PERU 583

Blanco, alt. 3,000-3,300 m., Kittip & Smith 21674; 21676; along Rio

Chillon, above Obrajillo alt. 3,100-3,300 m., Pennell 14408; Cerro

Colorado east of Canta, alt. 3,800-4,000 m., Pennell 14659; Moist

stream bank, above Rio Blanco, alt. 3,500-3,700 m., Pennell & Mol-

denado 15932; Alt. 3,500-3,600 m., Pennell & Moldenado 15941 —

Sin. Dept.: Rio Blanco (Lima?), alt. ca. 12,000 ft., Macbride & Feath-

er stone 713; In Rubus thicket below Chavanillo, Rio Maranon, alt.

7,500 ft., Macbride & Featherstone 1983; Obragillo, Nee s.n.; Ceuchin

or Cheuchin, Ruiz and Pavon s.n. — Sin. Loc.: Dombey s.n., Ruiz s.n.

Calceolaria deflexa R. & P. var. aurantiaca Edwin, Phytologia

19: 378. 1970.

Climbing shrub with orange corolla, differing from the typical

variety in having ovate leaves usually less than twice as long as

wide, rarely reaching twice as long as wide.

Ancash: Western slope of Cordillera Negra below Paso de Collan.

Rocky slopes and banks, alt. 3,650 m., Pennell 15478, type collection.

Calceolaria delicatula Kranzl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 1: 102.

1905. C. conocarpa Pennell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 97: 172,

fig. 15b. 1945.

Erect or lax, branched herb with glandless or gland-tipped hair,

internodes usually longer than the leaves, stems and inflorescences

soft-pubescent. Leaves petiolate, ovate in outline, very variable in

size with most either pinnatifid proximally with 2 pairs of pinnae cut

almost to the midrib and distally with further pinnae that unite into

a wide mid-blade, the distal segments irregularly doubly, sharply

dentate, pilose above and beneath or blades irregularly dentate-

laciniate, lobed near the base, occasionally lowest blades basically

dentate with 2 pairs of denticulate lobes, 1.3-7.0 cm. long and up to

5 cm. wide, acute apically; petioles 1.0-2.5 cm. long; inflorescences

glandular-hirsute, simple to 3-4 times compound cymes, in terminal

pairs or from the upper leaf-axils, rarely flowers solitary, basal pe-

duncles 4-10 cm. long, remaining stalks proportionately shorter;

bracts and bracteoles reduced, leaf -like, pinnate, smallest bracteoles

lanceolate; sepals ovate or triangular-ovate, 6-8 mm. long, margins

ciliate; corolla yellow, externally glabrous or subglabrous, internally

pubescent at base beneath; upper lip ca. 2.0-2.5 mm. long, lower lip

10-14 mm. long, saccate over most of its length, sac brighter yellow;

filaments pubescent, both anther cells fertile, upper only little shorter

584 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

than the combined length of the connective and lower, smaller cell;

style 1-2 mm. long, slightly distally curved; capsule conic, glandular-

pubescent, longer than the calyx, 7-8 mm. wide at base.

This taxon is distributed from Cajamarca in the north to Puno

in the south with its greatest concentration from Lima to Cuzco.

Citations selected from the copious material.

Ancash: Lomas de Casma, Prov. Santa, alt. 400-500 m., Ferreyra

8054.. — Ayacucho: Pampalca, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac,

alt. ca. 3,200 m., Kittip & Smith 22210; 22257.— Cajamarca: Monte

seco, Prov. Hualgayoc, alt. 1,800 m., Soukup 2835. — Cuzco: Above

Paucartambo, alt. 11,500 ft., Balls 6722; Near Rio Quencomayo, be-

low Colquipata, alt. 3,200-3,300 m., Pennell 13774; Near Rio Yana-

mayo, below "Pillahuata," alt. 2,900-3,200 m., Pennell 13794 (type

collection of C. conocarpa); Macchu-picchu, alt. 2,000 m., Rauh-

Hirsch P856; Hda. Ayusbamba, alt. 3,400 m., Vargas 859; Tio, Mar-

capata, alt. 1,900 m., Vargas 3074; Que"brada de Llulluchayoc, alt.

3,100 m., Vargas 4292; "Pillahuata," Paucartambo, alt. 2,400 m.,

Vargas 4899; Near Asuncion Bridge, Rio Apurimac, alt. 3,730 m.,

Vargas 11028. — Huancavelica: near Cordova, alt. 3,050-3,300 m.,

alt. Metcalf 30289. — Huanuco: Carpish, 60 km. between Huanuco

and Tingo Maria, Swingle 72. — Junin: At bridge, valley bottom,

Canyon of Rio Huasahuasi, below Huasahuasi, alt. 2,400 m., Hutchi-

son 1139; Carpapata, above Huacapistana, alt. 2,700-3,200 m., Killip

& Smith 24368.— Libertad: Trujillo, alt. 500 m., Angulo 2004; Cerro

Campana, Prov. Trujillo, alt. 675 m., Lopez 1688. — Lima: Between

Huaral and Huacho, lomas de Lachay, alt. 400-600 m., Ferreyra

3862; Various locations alt. 2,700-3,600 m., Pennell 14363; 14364;

14399; 14403; 14534; 14703; Matucana, alt. ca. 8,000 ft., Macbride &

Feather stone 103; Hacienda Balconcillo, Soukup 2147; Chosica, alt.

800 m., Soukup 2149. — Puno: Near rocks and in water, near Lim-

bani, Prov. Sandia, alt. 3,200-3,450 m., Metcalf 30486.

Calceolaria dentifolia Edwin, Phytologia 19: 379. 1970.

Erect shrub, little branching on the upper half, wood, foliage,

flower-stalks, calyx tube and calyx lobe margins densely beset with

gland-tipped hair and with sessile or subsessile glands, the hair fre-

quently 2-celled. Leaves subcoriaceous, short-petiolate, ovate,

mostly 6-10 cm. long and 2-4 cm. wide, long-acute to acuminate at

apex, subobtuse and dimidiate at base, margins irregularly and very

sharply, doubly serrate, midvein often conspicuously elevated be-

FLORA OF PERU 585

neath; petioles thickened, up to 1.3 cm. long; inflorescences simple or

branching, corymbose, subtended by a pair of reduced leaves, termi-

nal on the main stem and on branches from the upper leaf -axils;

basal and intermediate peduncles 2-3 cm. long; pedicels much shorter

than the peduncles; calyx lobes lance-elliptic to lance-ovate, long-

acute to acuminate, the anterior lobe narrower than the others, ca.

10 cm. long and 4-6 mm. wide, sparsely puberulent externally, oscil-

late internally, oscillae sunken; corolla large for the genus, yellow,

upper lip sparsely puberulent, hooded, up to 10 mm. long, much

overtopping the genitalia, lower lip 30-35 mm. long and up to ca.

25 mm. wide, saccate most of its length, externally sparsely puberu-

lent or glandular with sessile glands, the vesture in patches, occasion-

ally glabrous, internally with a tuft of hair at the base; filaments

about 3 mm. long, very thickened, flattened, about 2 mm. wide, an-

ther cells unequal, large, each pair 6.5-7.5 mm. long; style ca. 7 mm.

long, thickened, apically incurved, stigma enlarged or not, puncti-

form-capitate, ovary glutinous, sparsely glandular, glands golden,

sessile; capsule not seen.

Cajamarca: Shrub, along stream E. of Cordillera de Cumulloa

on road to Celendin, 3,400-3,500 m. alt., Pennell 15162, type col-

lection; Cajamarca-Celendin road, km. 90, Olsson s.n., February 11,

1948. Leaves sticky.

Close to Calceolaria endopogon Kranzl. and C. salicifolia R. & P.

differing from both in vesture. In addition, this taxon differs from

endopogon in leaf-margins and in the structure of the inflorescence.

Dentifolia differs from salicifolia in leaf-shape and petiole length.

Calceolaria dichotoma Lam., Encyc. Meth. Bot. 1: 555. 1783.

C. ovata Smith, Icones 1 : 3, tab. 3. 1789. C. biflora R. & P., Fl. Peruv.

1: 16, tab. 20. 1798. C. anagalloides Kranzl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov.

1: 84. 1905. C. lysimachioides Kranzl., I.e., 84. C. meistantha Pen-

nell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 103: 96, fig. 1. 1951.

Annual herb, usually up to about 15 cm. tall, erect or ascending,

branching dichotomously over most of its length, foliage, branches,

flower-stalks and calyces variously soft, white pubescent. Leaves

ovate, short- to moderately petiolate, up to about 5 cm. long and

4 cm. wide, usually not exceeding 3.5 cm. long and 2.8 cm. wide,

acute to subacute at apex, rounded at base, sometimes subobtuse,

pubescence most often scattered on both surfaces, margins entire to

irregularly serrulate; petioles up to about 1 cm. long, little if at all

thickened; flowers usually axillary, solitary and in pairs, sometimes

586 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

also in few-flowered, terminal dichasia on the branches; pedicels and

peduncles usually short, up to ca. 2.5 cm. long, most often not ex-

ceeding 1.5 cm.; flowers small, 6-9(-10) mm. long; calyx lobes 2.5-

5.0 mm. long, elliptical to ovate; corolla light yellow, upper lip ca.

0.5-2.0 mm. long, lower lip 5-8 mm. long, saccate up to about one-

half its length; filaments long, up to 5 mm., thin, anther cells very

small, usually each pair not exceeding 1 mm. long, sometimes con-

fluent, the anther seeming unilocular; style ca. 2 mm. long, ovary

glabrous or almost so; capsule broadly ovoid, a little longer than the

calyx, apically obtuse, often notched, the usually persisting style

within.

Ayacucho: Aina between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, alt. 750-

1,000 m., open woods, Killip & Smith 22813; Evergreen bush wood

near Quillamito, Choimacota Valley, Prov. Huanta, alt. 1,300-1,400

m., Weberbauer 754.2. — Cajamarca: In full exposure, Llama, Cutervo,

alt. 7,500 ft., Sandeman 4200; Plowed ground alt. 3,000 m., SW slope,

Paso de Gavilan, S. of Cajamarca, Pennell & Ferreyra 14965.—

Cuzco: San Miguel, Urubamba Valley, alt. ca. 1,800 m., Cook &

Gilbert 924; Amaibamba, Prov. Convencion, in cultivation, Marin

1575; alt. 1,650 m., Scolnik 813; Vargas 3423. — Lima: Lomas de

Quilmana, between Lurin and Cafiete, alt. 480-500 m., Ferreyra

3989; Lomas de Atocongo, Prov. Lima, alt. 300-400 m., Ferryra

4017; Lomas de Caracolas, between Lurin and Cafiete, alt. 490-

500 m., Ferreyra 6281; Sandy lomas along the sea, Lurin, alt. ca.

200 ft., Macbride 5969.—Piura,: Herb in wet maize field, Canchaqui,

alt. 1,200-1,600 m., Pennell & Ferreyra 14893.— Sin. Dept.: Lucu-

mayo Valley, alt. 1,800-3,600 m., Cook & Gilbert 1397.

Calceolaria divaricata HBK., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 381. 1817.

Herb or subshrub, stem glabrous, floriferous, branchlets sparsely

puberulent at the apex and very divergent. Leaves short-petiolate

except the sessile uppermost, ovate, up to 4 cm. long and 3 cm. wide,

grossly crenate-serrate, acute at apex, subcordate at base, bright

green and glabrous above, manifestly reticulate-venose and pilose,

especially on the margins, beneath; petioles (the lowermost) up to

1.2 cm. long, basally connate and thickened; flowers in corymbose

inflorescences, ultimate branchlets divaricate, dichasiate; the thin

pedicels 1.0-1.5 cm. long and with the calyces glandular-pilose;

calyx lobes broadly ovate, acute, 3 mm. long and 2 mm. wide at

base; corolla yellow, 1.5-1.8 cm. long, lower lip saccate less than half

its length; stamens short, anthers large.

FLORA OF PERU 587

No specimens seen. Reported from Piura: near Succhubamba

and Ayavaca (Ayabaca), alt. 2,800 m., Humboldt & Bonpland.

Calceolaria endopogon Kranzl. in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. 54:

Beibl. 119, 18. 1917.

Subglabrous to often glabrous vine, stem and branches sometimes

glutinous, often purple-dotted in drying. Leaves petiolate, elliptic-

ovate to ovate, large for the genus, up to 10 cm. long or even longer

and about 5 cm. wide, entire or almost so, apically acute, frequently

dimidiate near the narrowed base, veins conspicuous or not beneath,

darker above, paler beneath; inflorescences few-flowered, subdicha-

siate to racemose; pedicels and peduncles thin, glabrous, peduncles

up to 10 cm. long, pedicels to 5 cm. long; floral leaves only a little

smaller than the stem leaves; flowers large for the genus; calyx lobes

9-12 mm. long, glabrous, oblong to ovate-oblong, acute, margins

fimbriate; corolla yellow, externally glabrous, upper lip well devel-

oped, sometimes almost as long as the calyx lobes, more often only

about half as long, internally beset with long, white, stiff hairs on the

lower edge; lower lip about 30 mm. long, saccate over three-fourths

its length, internally pubescent as the upper lip, sac very inflated in

life and upcurved distally; anthers on short filaments, cells very un-

equal, each anther large for the genus, 7-9 mm. long and about a

third to a fourth as wide, cells divaricate; style 7-8 mm. long, glan-

dular at the base, apically abruptly curved, ovary densely glandular-

puberulent.

This taxon has been sporadically collected in the Andes of north-

ern Peru.

Cajamarca: Road from Cajamarca to Celendin, km. 95, Olsson

s.n.; Thicket on mountain E. of Celendin, alt. 2,700-2,900 m., Pen-

nell 15210; Hills W. of Celendin, alt. 2,700-3,000 m., Pennell 15218.

—Piura: Huancabamba, West side of Cordillera E. of Huancabamba,

alt. 3,000 m., Weberbauer 6136 (Isotype F) ; Above Huancabamba, alt.

3,000 m., Weberbauer 6147.

Calceolaria engleriana Kranzl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 1: 106.

1905. C. epilobioides Kranzl., Ann. K. K. Naturh. Hoefm. Wein. 22:

194. 1907. C. urubamba Kranzl., Pflanzenr. IV(257C) : 109. 1907.

C. incachacensis Kranzl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 27: 20. 1929.

C. viminalis Kranzl. in Fedde, I.e. 21. 1929. C. endotrachys Kranzl.

in Fedde, I.e. 22. 1929. C. engleriana subsp. acuminata Pennell,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 97: 158, t. 10A. 1945.

588 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Erect branched shrub, wood usually tomentulose above becoming

glabrous below. Leaves short-petiolate or the upper blades sessile,

narrowly ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, occasionally ovate, up to

about 6.0 cm. long and 2.6 cm. wide, usually narrower, not infre-

quently 5-9 mm. wide, entire to serrulate, apex usually acute, less

often short-acuminate, variously pubescent to occasionally glabrous;

petioles thickened and laterally connate, sometimes woody; inflores-

cences few-flowered corymbs; flower-stalks puberulent; calyx lobes

green to yellow-green, ovate or narrowly ovate, acute, 5-7 (-8) mm.

long, externally sparsely puberulent and often red-gland-dotted,

sometimes reflexed at anthesis, internally more densely hairy, some

of the hairs arranged in a row along the margins; corolla yellow,

upper lip ca. 4-6 mm. long, shorter to occasionally little longer than

the calyx lobes, lower lip 18-28 mm. long, saccate more than half its

length, distally upturned; anther cells more than twice as long as

wide, filaments shorter than the 2 mm. long, apically curved style;

ovary glandular; capsule a little shorter to equaling the calyx, ovate,

gradually narrowed to apex but lacking an abruptly constricted neck,

densely glandular.

Found throughout the Andes of southern Peru, especially in

Cuzco.

Apurimac: Quishuala, road between Abancay and Andahualas,

alt. 11,500 ft., Balls 6893. — Ayacucho: Between Huanta and Haci-

enda Pagora, alt. 3,700-4,200 m., Killip & Smith 22189; 23297;

23300.— Cuzco: Alt. 3,300-3,500 m., Herrera 526; "Ppucuchu-ppu-

cuchu," Urubamba Valley, alt. 3,000 m., Herrera 1525; Colinas de

Saxaihuaman, alt. 3,600 m., Herrera 2367; Que"brada de Quispicanchi,

alt. 2,350 m., Herrera 2621; Valle de Paucartambo, alt. 3,400 m.,

Herrera 2989; near Wenner Gren ruins, Prov. Urubamba, alt. 3,400-

3,600 m., wet places, Metcalf 30763; Sacsahuaman, above Cuzco,

stream bank, alt. 3,500-3,600 m., Pennell 13545; Cuzco, alt. 3,500-

3,600 m., Pennell 13702; Huancalli, open rocky banks, alt. 3,400-

3,500 m., Pennell 13712; Pisac, rocky canyon E. of Pisac, alt.

3,300-3,500 m., Pennell 13722; Cerro de Colquipata, puna, alt. 3,900-

4,000 m., Pennell 13746; near Rio Quencomayo, below Colquipata,

alt. 3,200-3,300 m., Pennell 13778 (type of C. engleriana acuminata

Pennell); Cerro de Colquipata, trail from Paucartambo to Caicai,

alt. 3,400-3,700 m., Pennell 14178; Vilcanota below Caicai, alt. 3,300-

3,500 m., Pennell 14193; Cordillera Veronica, alt. 2,900 m., Rauh-

Hirsch P969; 3,700 m. alt., Reitz 5986; Sacsahuaman, Soukup 21;

outskirts of Cuzco, Soukup 127; Chocta, near roadside, alt. 3,400 m.,

FLORA OF PERU 589

Vargas 228; Anta, alt. 3,650 m., Vargas 298; Huanoquita, Prov.

Paruro, alt. 3,380 m., Vargas 2359; Juncaipata-Sta Rita, Prov. Uru-

bamba, alt. 2,800 m., Vargas 2670; Hacienda Cachupata, Prov.

Paucartambo, alt. 3,500 m., Vargas 2851; Colinas del Rodadero,

Vargas 3132; Prov. Calca, alt. 3,200 m., Vargas 3620; Chenchamayo,

Prov. Paucartambo, Vargas 4303. — Huancavelica: Pumalucana to

Conaica, alt. 3,500-3,550 m., Tovar 79. — Puno: 1 km. from Cuyo-

cuyo, on road to Sandia, alt. 3,600 m., Metcalf 30715. — Sin Depto:

Lucamayo Valley, alt. 1,800-3,600 m., Cook & Gilbert 1327; Ollan-

taytambo, 3,000 m. alt., Cook & Gilbert 597; 658; Pinasniocj, Panti-

calla Pass, alt. 3,600 m., Cook & Gilbert 1815. — Sin. Loc.: Weberbauer

5478.

One of the commonest "slipper-flowers" in the southern Andes of

Peru. This taxon is quite easily recognized due to the long, narrow

leaves, anther cells, and corollas.

Calceolaria extensa Benth. in DC., Prodr. 10: 214. 1846.

Shrub, usually much branched, the branches ascending, some-

times square on the upper part, older wood tomentose, youngest

puberulent. Leaves short-petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, up to 2 cm.

long, usually not exceeding 1.5 cm. and 5 mm. wide, crenate or grossly

crenate, acute at apex, cuneate to long-cuneate at base, subglabrous

above, paler and densely pubescent on the venation beneath; inflores-

cences few-flowered corymbs, only little exceeding the leaves; branch-

lets and flower-stalks papillose-pilose; bracts linear or almost so, ob-

tuse; calyx dimorphic, on some plants either densely pilose externally

with the segments ovate, subacute to acuminate, 5-6 mm. long and

4-5 mm. wide, or oblong-lanceolate, 7-10 mm. long and 3 mm. wide

and glabrous; upper lip of the yellow, externally sparsely papillose

or glabrous corolla, minute, reduced to a narrow ring, lower lip ca.

1.5 cm. long, saccate about half way, about 8-10 mm. wide distally;

filament ca. 3 mm. long, anthers divergent, ca. 1.5 times longer than

wide; style ca. 1.5-3.0 mm. long, ovary glabrous to sparsely glandu-

lar; capsule not seen.

Ayacucho: Prov. Lucanas, between Nazca and Puquio, alt. 3,200-

3,300 m., Ferreyra 51+62; above Puquio, alt. 3,400-3,500 m., Ferreyra

5525; Allpaja, ca. 6 km. from Puquio, alt. 3,300-3,400 m., Ferreyra

7191.— Sin. loc. alt. 2,407 m., Soukup 4003.

Also reported from the departments of Ancash and Lima as well

as from southern Bolivia.

590 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Calceolaria fiebrigiana Kranzl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 1: 84.

1905.

Herb, frequently scapose or subscapose, scape or stems white-

pilose. Leaves broadly ovate, up to 15 cm. long and 8 cm. wide,

variously pubescent on one or both surfaces, veins sometimes prom-

inent beneath, margins grossly sinuate-dentate, apex acute, base

often cordate, sessile or short-petiolate; petiole when present up to

5 mm. long, winged by the attenuate leaf-base; inflorescences usually

much branched and many-flowered, glandular-pilose and often also

glutinous; calyx lobes ca. 5 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, usually glan-

dular-pilose, occasionally merely pilose, acute; upper lip of the yellow

corolla from about half as long as the lower lip to almost as long,

lower lip 6-9 mm. long, saccate more than half its length; fila-

ments linear, long, exceeding the flower, anthers small, cells equal;

style about as long as the stamens, ovary glandular; capsule broadly

ovoid, little longer than the calyx.

Arequipa: Isern 2016. — Cuzco: Paucartambo Valley, Hacienda

Ccapana, alt. 3,600 m., Herrera 1083; La Raya, rock-ledges in cas-

cade, alt. 4,400-4,500 m., Pennell 13509; Sin. Loc.: Alt. 4,710 m.,

Rauh-Hirsch Pi 160; Alturas de Laguna de Sial, alt. 4,300 m., Var-

gas 374.1 ; Environs of San Andres de Checca, alt. 3,860 m., Vargas

9845. — Moquegua; Humid rocks, Saylapa near Carumas, alt. 3,300

m., Weberbauer 7343. — Puno: Granja Salcedo, scattered among rocks,

alt. 3,835 m., Mexia 4253; Santa Rosa 50 mi. SSW. of Llave, alt.

4,500 m., Pearson & Pearson 31 ; Near Puno, alt. 4,000 m., Soukup

255; 370. — Tacna: In Chuvire, 1 km. from Challaquaya, Prov. Ta-

rata, alt. 2,500 m., Metcalf 30408. — Sin. Loc.: Volcanic Ash, alt.

13,500 ft., Stafford 670.— Sin Dept. : Uyumiri, Sicuani, alt. 12,500 ft.,

Stafford 962.

Calceolaria flosparva Edwin, Phytologia 19: 380. 1970.

Prostrate herb, rooting at the nodes, stems and branches glabrous

or almost so. Leaves mostly long-petiolate, blades ovate in outline,

mostly 1.5-2.8 cm. long and 1.3-2.2 cm. wide, densely to thinly pul-

verulent beneath, irregularly coarsely dentate, laciniate-dentate and

varying to with 1 or 2 pairs of lobes, the lobes irregularly laciniate-

dentate, the narrowed base decurrent the length of the petioles that

are at least half as long as the blade to almost as long; flowers axillary

in upper leaves usually a pair in each axil, pedicellate, only rarely

pedunculate; pedicels glabrous, 1.5-2.0 cm. long; calyx glabrous,

lobes ovate, subobtuse, about 5 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, margins

FLORA OF PERU 591

very sparsely crenulate; corolla yellow, glabrous, 6-7 mm. long, lower

lip only little shorter than the almost wholly saccate upper lip; both

anther cells fertile and much smaller than the thickened connective;

style about 1.5 mm. long; capsule broadly ovoid, little shorter than

the calyx, pubescent, neck lacking.

Thus far found only in Dept. Amazonas: Rocky stream in moun-

tain forest, alt. 3,300 m., above Colcamar, Pennell 15633 (PH); in

seepages, infrequent, uppermost slopes and summit of Cerros de Calla

Calla, near Kms. 403-407 of Balsas-Leimebamba road, alt. 3,400-

3,550 m., Wurdack 1711.

The combination of very small corollas with upper lip only little

smaller than lower lip, almost wholly pedicellate flowers, generally

glabrous inflorescences, and long-petiolate leaves is not found any-

where else in this subgenus.

Calceolaria glauca R. & P., Fl. Peruv. 1: 17, tab. 27, fig. e. 1798.

Stiff, erect, branching shrub; wood in age glabrous, younger mi-

nutely puberulent, youngest densely so. Leaves ternate or less often

opposite, youngest densely, minutely puberulent on both surfaces,

older less so, oldest becoming glabrous above and only sparsely pu-

berulent beneath, both surfaces punctate with shining, golden punc-

tations, lanceolate to lance-ovate, margins entire to irregularly

serrulate, denticulate or occasionally ovate with doubly dentate-

denticulate margins, mostly up to about 5.0 cm. long and 1.5 cm.

wide, usually not exceeding 3.5 cm. long and 1.0 cm. wide or occa-

sionally when ovate and doubly toothed just 2 times longer than

wide, acute at apex, usually subobtuse at base; inflorescences irreg-

ular, often paniculate or of panicles of dichasia, many-flowered;

flowers congested on short, puberulent stalks, mostly 10-13 (-15) mm.

long; calyx puberulent, ovate, 3-4 mm. long and almost as wide at

base, apically acute; corolla yellow, glabrous to sparsely puberulent

externally, a tuft of short, white hairs often present internally at the

base, upper lip about as long as the calyx and as wide, overtopping

the genitalia, lower often saccate three-fourths of its length, the prox-

imal part very narrow and stipe-like; filaments short, anther cells

equal, up to almost twice as long as wide, each pair ca. 2-3 mm. long,

wholly divaricate; style 1.5-2.5 mm. long, pustulate at base, ovary

glandular-pustulate; capsule about as long as wide, broadly ovoid,

glandular, apex blunt.

Ancash: Marcara, Prov. Huaras, alt. 3,000 m., Nunez s.n. — Caja-

marca: Cajabamba, near the bridge of Lulichucu, alt. 2,600-2,700

592 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

m., Ferreyra 3047. — Lima: Rio Blanco between Matucana and

Aroya, alt. 3,500-3,600 m., Ferreyra 5271; Rocky ground near San

Mateo, alt. 2,600-2,700 m., Ferreyra 5316; open hillside Rio Blanco,

alt. 300-3,500 m., Kittip & Smith 21654; 21686; Creek bank, Matu-

cana, alt. ca. 8,000 ft., Macbride & Feather stone 97; Surco, Prov.

Huarochiri, alt. 1,750-1,900 m., Nunez 1708; Along Rio Chillon near

Obrajillo, bush banks, alt. 2,200-2,500 m., Pennell 14327; alt. 2,600-

2,800 m., Pennell 14358; Open rocky slopes, alt. 2,800-3,200 m., Pen-

nell 14395; San Buenaventura, alt. 2,700-2,800 m., Pennell 14554;

Canta, alt. 3,000-3,200 m., Pennell 14600; Ruiz & Pavon s.n.; Poca-

tulpe-Hulpa, Matucana, Prov. Huarochiri, alt. 3,000-3,400 m. Var-

gas 5250. — Sin. Loc: Weberbauer 5397.

The single collections from Ancash and Cajamarca indicate a

significantly wider range for this taxon than is presently known.

Calceolaria grandepinnata Edwin, Phytologia 19: 380. 1970.

Soft herb, branching above the middle, stems pubescent with

multicellular hair and these frequently thickened and filled with a

dark-brown exudate above and at the nodes. Leaves up to 23 cm.

long, narrowly ovate to elliptically ovate in outline, very variable,

multi-pinnate or -pinnatifid over all or most of their length, pinna

sessile or less often stalked, irregularly dentate-laciniate, sometimes

the upper part of the leaf merely dentate, pinnae most often reduced

in size toward the apex, alternate or opposite, apically acute or long-

acute, pubescent on both surfaces with multicellular hair, these often

appressed on the upper surface, long- or short-petiolate; petioles thinly

connate; inflorescences simple or once-branched cymes, borne in

pairs on the branches from the axils of the uppermost leaves; basal

peduncle up to 3-4 cm. long, mostly varying in length, densely and

laxly gland-tipped-pubescent; pedicels pubescent as the peduncles,

abruptly much shorter than the peduncles; bracts and bractioles re-

duced, lanceolate, otherwise leaf -like; calyx lobes broadly ovate or

deltoid, ca. 3-4 mm. long and ca. 3 mm. wide in flower, becoming

9 mm. long and 6 mm. wide in fruit, acute, densely pubescent exter-

nally, less so internally, acute, margins entire with the terminals of

the veins little protruding; corolla yellow, more or less densely beset

with sessile, red glands externally, 13-15 mm. long, upper lip ca.

4 mm. long, hooded, margins rounded, lower lip a little narrower than

long, saccate almost its entire length, nectary small, entire, hemi-

spherical, terminal on the internally glabrous sac; one anther cell

sterile, the other fertile, almost globular, the connective between the

FLORA OF PERU 593

two longer than either cell and thickened, filament knob-like; style

ca. 2.5 mm. long, pubescent near the base, ovary pubescent; capsule

as long as or longer than the calyx, broadly triangular-ovoid, pubes-

cent, style persisting at the acute apex, neck lacking.

Distributed in Piura near Canchaqui: Stream ditch, alt. 1,000 m.,

below Canchaqui, Pennell & Ferreyra U891 (US); Alt. 1,000-1,400

m., in wet places Pennell & Ferreyra H892; Ferreyra 3091.

Easily separable from all other Calceolarias by the combination

of pluripinnate, very long leaves, and the peculiar nodal pubescence.

Calceolaria hedera Edwin, Phytologia 19: 381. 1970.

Climbing shrub with the lax branches and the nodes distant,

young wood tomentose, tomentum decreasing with age until older

wood almost glabrous, foliage beneath and flower stalks densely la-

nate. Leaves mostly very broadly ovate in outline, less often almost

subrotund, mostly up to 9 mm. wide, sometimes reaching 2 cm. wide,

only very rarely exceeding 2 cm. long, mostly up to 15 mm. long,

margin revolute, with usually 2 pairs of lateral lobes and a single

apical lobe, varying to 1 or 3 pairs of laterals, lobes rounded, usually

minutely cordate at base, occasionally truncate or broadly obtuse,

pilose above, densely lanate beneath, the indument matted, obscuring

the tissue; flower stalks up to ca. 2 cm. long, usually less, not infre-

quently less than 1 cm. long, occasionally the flowers subsessile;

flowers solitary and axillary or in 3-flowered, simple dichasia;

branches floriferous over half their length; floral leaves similar to

cauline, only little reduced; the short calyx tube and lower parts of

the calyx lobes externally densely tomentose, vesture decreasing to

the apices of the lobes, internally sparsely pubescent, lobes ellipti-

cally, broadly ovate, ca. 6 mm. long and 5 mm. wide, acute, entire;

corolla yellow, wholly glabrous or with a very few hairs internally

at the base of the lower lip, 14-17 mm. long, upper lip 1-2 mm. long,

lower lip saccate more than half its length, sac broadly, abruptly

expanded, much wider than the non-saccate part; anther cells equal,

divaricate, 2 or more times longer than wide, the upturned distal

ends farthest from the floor of the corolla each pair of cells 2-3 mm.

long, filaments about 1.0-1.2 mm. long, about half the length of the

thickened 2.0-2.5 mm. long style; ovary glandular- or granular-

pubescent; capsule unknown.

Known only from the type collection.

Cajamarca: springs in hills, midway between Cordillera de Cum-

ulloa and Celendin, alt. 2,700-3,000 m., Pennell 15221.

594 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

The leaves are much like the common "ivy" in shape. This taxon

is related to C. cordi/ormis and C. triloba Edwin but is most easily

separable at least at present. Although most of the leaves of this

taxon are less than 1 cm. wide, the largest blades indicate the strong

possibility that future collections may uncover specimens whose

leaves are more than 1 cm. wide. The taxon is keyed therefore under

both key entries.

Calceolaria herzogiana Kranzl. in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. 50:

Beibl. 111. 69. 1914.

Erect but flaccid, mixed-pubescent, perennial herb with the square

stems drying 4-sulcate, densely pubescent with glandular hairs inter-

mixed. Leaves bizarre; petioles winged up to 10 cm. long or occa-

sionally longer, basally dilated, connate, auriculate, margins usually

grossly dentate, especially on the lower half; blades (except the ses-

sile, ovate-cordate, smaller, sometimes interfloral uppermost) usually

triangular, often at least as wide as long, very variable in size 6-16

cm. long and 5.0-16.5 cm. wide,1 coarsely, irregularly doubly dentate,

acute, bases truncate, retuse or subcordate, pubescent or puberulent

beneath on the venation, above sparsely to subdensely puberulent;

inflorescences corymbose or dichasiate, few- to many-flowered; pe-

duncles and pedicels pubescent as the stem, basal peduncles 6-10 cm.

long, flower stalks decreasing in size apically; calyx glabrous or pu-

berulent, the free sepals entire, eciliate, ovate, 13-23 mm. long, bas-

ally up to 13 mm. wide, acute or acuminate; corolla up to 40 mm.

long, mostly over 30 mm., glabrous except for a tuft of white hairs

within at base of the lower lip, sac usually about two-thirds the length

of the corolla, more than half the length of the 30-35 mm. lower lip,

upper lip short, ca. 3-5 (-7) mm. long, only partly obscuring the geni-

talia; filaments short, 2-3 mm. long, anther cells divaricate, walls

thin, dehiscing through the septum; style 3-5 mm. long, ovary glan-

dular; capsule broadly ovoid, 8-9 mm. long and about as wide at

base, glandular at least along the sutures, apically obtuse.

Basically found in southern Peru but extending to central Peru

in Junin and Ancash. The southern counterpart of C. tomentosa and

C. pavonii.

Ancash: Prov. Bolognesi, Chiquan, alt. 3,560 m., Ferreyra 5703;

Encima de Chiquian, alt. 3,350-3,400 m., Ferreyra 7463. — Ayacucho:

Ccarrapa, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, alt. 2,200 m., Killip

1 According to original description up to 19 cm. wide and 13 cm. long.

FLORA OF PERU 595

& Smith 22314-—Cuzco: Vicinity of Macchu-picchu and Urubamba

Valley, alt. 1,800-2,500 m., Balls 6812; Cardenas 4200; Cook & Gil-

bert 1153; Herrera 1555; Mexia 8074; Rick s.n.; Soukup 142; Vargas

798; 9818; Valley of San Miguel, between Cedrabamba and La Ma-

quina, alt. 2,060-2,260 m., Herrera 1997; Cerro de Cusilluyoc, thicket,

alt. 3,400-3,700 m., Pennell 13805; Near Rio Yanamayo, below Pilla-

huata, alt. 2,200-2,400 m., Pennell 14042; Pillahuata, Cerro de

Cusilluyoc, alt. 3,000-3,300 m., Pennell 14135.

Calceolaria heterophylla R. & P., Fl. Peruv. 1: 16, t. 21, fig. b.

1798, non Willd. C. hirsuta Benth. in DC., Prodr. 10: 212. 1846.

Herb decumbent at base, stems and branches densely beset with

long, multicellular, descrete hair, plant drying brown. Leaves dis-

tant, long-petiolate, petioles and the veins at least beneath with

vesture as the stems and branches, blades ovate, 4-9 mm. long and

3-5 mm. wide, margins crenate-dentate or dentate, acute at apex,

subobtuse to obtuse at base; inflorescences corymbose, few-flowered;

peduncles and pedicels with vesture as the stems, basal peduncles

up to 20 cm. long (fide Kranzlin) ; bracts lacking; flowers 20-25 mm.

long; calyx vesture as the stem, lobes ovate, acute, mostly 7-8 mm.

long; corolla yellow, wholly glabrous, ca. 15-18 mm. long, about one-

half to two-thirds as wide, upper lip 2-3 mm. long, lower lip saccate

less than half its length; filaments ca. 2 mm. long, black when dry,

anther cells equal, small, ca. 1.5 mm. long, divergent to divaricate;

style 3.0-3.5 mm. long, little if at all thickened; ovary glandular,

glutinous; capsule shorter than the calyx, broadly ovoid, only little

narrowed to the obtuse apex, the locular suture forming a deep

sulcation.

Amazonas: Mathews 152, the type of C. hirsuta Benth. — Apuri-

mac: Pincos, in sunny sites, Prov. Andahuaylas, alt. 2,600 m., Stork

& Horton 10704- — Huanuco: Huacachi, station near Muna, alt. ca.

6,500 ft., Macbride 4154; Ruiz & Pawn s.n.

Collections are from in or near Muna except the Apurimac and

Amazonas cited above. These latter seem well within the morpho-

logical variation limits for the taxon. The disjunction is quite un-

usual for the subgenus.

Calceolaria hirsutula Pennell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 97:

158. 1846.

Shrubby at the base, erect, hirsutulous with short, spreading, up-

curved hairs, stems several from a rhizomatous base, simple or

596 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

branched. Differing from C. chrysosphaera Pennell in pubescence

and also in having smaller calyx lobes, ca. 6-7 mm. long and these

green instead of yellow; smaller corolla, ca. 10-12 mm. long; shorter

leaves, ca. 3-4 cm. long and also smaller capsules; differing from

C. engleriana Kranzl. in many of the same ways as well as in having

smaller anthers, ca. 2 mm. long and capsules shorter than the calyx

lobes; the terminal pedicels in hirsutula are shorter than in both

chrysosphaera and engleriana.

Cuzco: Cult, at U. Calif. Bot. Gard. from Goodspeed 4513, col-

lected Macchu-picchu; Valle de San Miguel, Macchu-picchu, alt.

2,400 m., Herrera 1999 (type); Valle del Urubamba, Macchu-picchu,

alt. 2,200 m., Herrera 3223; Hda. Anaibamba, alt. 1,650 m., Scolnik

791 ; Hda. Potrero, alt. 1,300 m., Vargas 1181; Alt. 2,100 m., Vargas

2507; Macchu-picchu, alt. 2,000 m., Vargas 2173; Hda. Amaibamba,

alt. 1,500 m., Vargas 3426; Prov. Quispicanchis, Tio to Myrayaca,

Marcapata, alt. 1,200-2,000 m., Vargas 5198.

Calceolaria humilis Edwin, Phytologia 19: 382. 1970.

Small, branched shrub from a thickened rootstock, several stems

rising closely grouped, lower nodes longer, upper sometimes shorter

than the small leaves, wood drying wine-red, puberulent as the ped-

icels and calyx lobes. Leaves ovate, up to 1.5 cm. long and 9 mm.

wide, short-petiolate, pulverulent on both surfaces and often puber-

ulent above, yellow-green, glandular beneath, crenulate-serrulate,

plane, acute at apex, subacute to subobtuse at base, widest near but

not at the base, venation subobsolete and impressed above, promi-

nent and elevated beneath, often with flattened, white puberulence;

flowers solitary, crowded, axillary to upper leaves and terminal on

the branches and stems; pedicels reddish under the white puberu-

lence, ca. 1 cm. long; bracts leaf-like, reduced; calyx lobes ovate, 3-4

mm. long and almost as wide at base, internally puberulent on the

red margins, yellow-green-glandular on the light green tissue, acute;

corolla yellow, 9-11 mm. long, upper lip reduced to a ring less than

1 mm. long, lower lip papillose on both surfaces, saccate less than

half its length, the proximal part only little narrower than the distal,

saccate part; filament ca. 1 mm. long, thickened, red; anther cells

equal, divergent or divaricate, each pair 2 mm. long and 1 mm. wide;

style ca. 1.0-1.5 mm. long, thin, ovary papillose-glandular; fruit

not seen.

FLORA OF PERU 597

Cajamarca: Open jalca, southwest slope, Paso de Gavilan, S. of

Cajamarca, alt. 3,100-3,300 m., Pennell 11+953, type collection; Bushy

ravine on jalca, southwest slope, Paso de Gavilan, S. of Cajamarca,

alt. 3,100-3,200 m., Pennell 11+951.— Ancash: Matahuanca, ca. 20

km. S. of Huaraz, alt. 4,000 m., Rick s.n.

Close to C. inamoena Kranzl. which differs in having the flowers

in dichasia, much more deeply toothed or lobed leaves and very dif-

ferent indument.

Calceolaria hutchisonii Edwin, Phytologia 19: 383. 1970.

Erect, branched herb to 1.5 m. tall, stem drying red-brown, stri-

ate on upper part, closely puberulent above to sparsely so or almost

glabrous below. Leaf blades very broadly ovate, sometimes to often

wider than long, the longest up to 2.5 cm. long, mostly 0.8-2.0 cm.

long, and 1.0-2.2 cm. wide, narrowed apically, very broadly obtuse

basally, margins coarsely, irregularly crenate-dentate, teeth usually

few, distant, densely and closely puberulent above, densely tomentu-

lose-pulverulent beneath, drying dark-green above, much paler be-

neath, subcoriaceous, short-petiolate; petioles densely pubescent, up

to 6.0 mm. long, thinly connate across the nodes; inflorescences

paired, from the uppermost leaf-axils, usually in irregular, l-2x

branched, subcymose clusters; flower stalks short, often less than

1 cm. long, densely puberulent; bracts and bracteoles lacking; calyx

lobes ovate, 4.0-4.5 mm. long, 3.0-3.5 mm. wide, acute to obtuse,

densely closely puberulent on both surfaces, calyx tube puberulent;

corolla yellow, densely papillose-glandular externally, 13-17 mm.

long, upper lip annulate, 2-3 mm. long, lower lip saccate about half

its length, internally proximally beset with long, white hair; stamens

very small, filaments hardly 0.5 mm. long, anthers ca. 2.5 mm. long,

cells equal, divergent, a little longer than wide; style 1.5-2.0 mm.

long, very thickened on lower half, incurving to the upper lip from its

base; ovary glandular; capsule not seen.

Piura: Huancabamba Prov., 18.5 km. above Huancabamba, on

road W. to Piura, alt. 3,200 m., Hutchison & Wright 6630; El Tambo,

road between Piura and Huancabamba, alt. ca. 3,000 m., Scolnik

1407; Above Huancabamba alt. 3,200-3,300 m., Weberbauer 6048.

The very short filaments, very broad leaves, compound inflores-

cences and very thickened style form a combination of characters

not seen in any other species in the genus.

598 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Calceolaria hyssopifolia HBK., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 386. 1817.

C. linifolia Willd. ex Link., in Spreng., Jahrb. 3: 54. 1820.

Erect, much branched, sometimes glutinous shrub, wood 4-angled,

drying brown, foliage drying green-brown, externally glabrous except

for puberulence on the branchlets and flower stalks. Leaves sub-

sessile or almost so, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate (in ours), up to

8 (-9) mm. wide, usually not exceeding 5 mm. long, margin entire,

sometimes a little revolute, apex long-acute to acuminate, base usu-

ally acute, much darker above than beneath; petioles reaching 5 mm.

long; inflorescences lax panicles; bracts leaf -like, reduced; calyx lobes

narrowly ovate, acute, 2.0-3.5 mm. long and 1-2 mm. wide; corolla

yellow, glabrous except for a tuft of hair internally at the base, upper

lip much exceeding the calyx, 7-9 mm. long, lower lip 10-14 mm.

long, saccate less than half its length; anther cells equal, broadly

ovoid to subhemispherical, on very short filaments, up to ca. 1.2 mm.

long; style 3 mm. long, ovary glabrous.

Amazonas: Approaches to Cerro Campanaria, NNE. of Diosan,

Prov. Chachapoyas, alt. 3,200-3,500 m., Wurdack 1591.— Libertad:

Moist bank, above Motil, shrub, alt. 3,000 m., Pennell & Ferreyra

14838.

This taxon has its main area of distribution in Ecuador. The

Peruvian material tends to have slightly wider leaves and smaller

flowers.

Calceolaria inamoena Kranzl. in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4(257c):

89. 1907.

Differing from C. cuneiformis R. & P. as in the key and in having

smaller leaves that are pilose both above and beneath and finally in

developing few-flowered dichasia at the apices of the branches.

Found from Arequipa, area of greatest concentration, N. to Junin

and Lima.

Arequipa: S. slope of Chachani, north of Arequipa, Hinkley and

Hinkley 24', Que"brada de San Lazaro, near Arequipa, alt. 9,100 ft.,

Munz. 15502; Slopes of Chachani, alt. 3,600-3,700 m., Pennell 13272;

Pampo de Arrieros, open rock-ledges, alt. 3,700-3,750 m., Pennell

13334; Rose 18952; Pichu-Pichu, among rocks on high banks, alt.

9,000 ft., Stafford 817; Prov. Arequipa, Jesus-Chiquata, alt. 2,800-

3,000 m., Vargas 8078. — Junin: Between Viques and Ingahuasi,

Mantaro Canyon S. of Huancayo, alt. 3,150 m., Killip & Smith

22153; Huancayo, Soukup 3148. — Lima: Prov. Cajatambo, stony

ground near Oyon, alt. 3,400-3,500 m., Ferreyra 3526.

FLORA OF PERU 599

Calceolaria inaudita Kranzl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 1: 104.

1905.

Small, black-dotted shrub up to 1 m. tall, black glandular-pilose.

Leaves very numerous, petiolate and sessile intermixed; petioles

when present broader and attenuate at base, black-setose; blades ob-

scurely trilobate, appearing globose due to the revolute margin, 1.0-

1.5 mm. in diameter equally thickened; flowers terminal on the

branches, forming few flowered corymbs; pedicels 2-3 cm. long,

glandular-papillose, gemmif orm ; minute bracts present on the pedi-

cels; calyx lobes densely glandular- villose on both surfaces, ovate,

obtuse, 2-3 mm. long and 2 mm. wide; corolla yellow, lips subequal,

about 1 cm. long and 6-7 mm. wide, upper lip margin little involute,

lower saccate over most of its length; stamins short, anthers reni-

form. (After Kranzlin, 1907.)

No material seen. Reported from Ancash: Cordillera Negra

above Caraz, alt. 4,200 m., Weberbauer 3085.

The text almost indicates a monstrous form of some other species.

Calceolaria incarum Kranzl. in Fedde., Rep. Sp. Nov. 1: 103.

1905.

Branched, glandular, erect shrub, stem and branches very densely

brown-glandular, especially above. Leaves sometimes bullate or

bullulate, oblong, with the short petiole up to 2.5 cm. long and up

to 8 mm. wide, deeply round lobed and strongly revolute, often

folded to the mid-vein, obtuse at apex and base, densely short-

velvety tomentose above, glandular-pilose beneath, glands often red-

brown when dry; petioles pubescent as the lower leaf surface; in-

florescences many-flowered, irregularly corymbose, flowers densely

disposed; flower stalks densely glandular, the pedicels usually less

than 1 cm. long; calyx lobes oblong to ovate, externally and inter-

nally densely villose and sometimes glandular, 6-7 mm. long and

5 mm. wide at base; upper lip of the corolla a little shorter than the

calyx, hooded, lower lip of the corolla 13-17 mm. long and about as

wide, the suborbicular sac almost its entire length to about half its

length, yellow, usually both internally and externally, sparsely glan-

dular-pilose or -pilosulus, varying to almost glabrous, long, white

glandular or eglandular hairs either present or absent around the

orifice internally; filaments short, anther cells equal, contiguous,

about 1.5 times longer than wide, each pair 1.5-3.5 cm. long, de-

hiscing through the septum; style thickened, a little longer than the

600 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

stamens; ovary glandular, capsule about as long as the calyx, nar-

rowly oblong-subovoid, glandular, except at the base, topped by the

persisting style.

Common in Dept. Ancash and thence north through Libertad to

Cajamarca. This type of distributions is not unusual in the genus.

As collecting continues other stations in Libertad and Cajamarca

should be uncovered.

Ancash (selected from the wealth of collections) : Fragments and

photograph of type, Prov. Cajatambo, alt. 3,000-3,500 m., Weber-

bauer 2762; Prov. Bolognesi, Shincush above Chiquian, alt. 3,890 m.,

Ferreyra 5827; Between Tallenga and Pachapaque, 3,400-3,600 m.,

Ferreyra 7470; Chavanillo, alt. ca. 8,000 ft., Macbride & Featherstone

1969; Catuc, ca. 15 mi. E. of Huaraz, alt. ca. 10,500 ft., Macbride &

Featherstone 2509; Jalca, Copa Grande, N. of Chancos, alt. 3,200-

3,500 m., Pennell 15363; Stony Puna, S. slope of Paso de la Fortale"za,

alt. 3,700 m., Pennell 15394; Open rocky limestone, above Chiquian,

alt. 3,600-3,700 m., Pennell 15418; Dry rocky and sandy bed, Que"-

brada de Huaqui, Huaraz, alt. 3,000-3,050 m., Pennell 15431 ; Jalca,

slopes and meadows, Cerro San Cristobal, N. of Huaraz, alt. 3,450-

3,600 m., Pennell 15448; Western slope of Cord. Negra, below Paso

de Collan, alt. 3,650-3,800 m., Pennell 15475; Matahuanca, ca. 20

km. S. of Huaraz, alt. ca. 4,000 m., Rick s.n. — Cajamarca: Cumbre

El Gavilan, road between Cajamarca and Chilete, alt. 3,200 m.,

Ferreyra 3273; Pennell & Ferreyra 14961; Limestone rocks, Llaca-

nora, alt. 2,550-2,600 m., Pennell 15487. — Libertad: Lake Sausa-

cocha, 10 km. N. of Huamachuco, alt. 3,000-3,200 m., Ferreyra 3031 ;

Pennell 14849.

Calceolaria inflexa R. & P., PL Peruv. 1: 16, t. 25a. 1798.

Vine or lax shrub, well branched, stem and branches sparsely

pilose, vesture occasionally very dense in the inflorescence, branches

opposite. Leaves variable in shape and size, lance-ovate to ovate,

up to 4 cm. long, usually not exceeding 3 cm. and up to 2 cm. wide,

mostly 5-13 mm., sparsely pubescent or glabrous above, densely

pulverulent beneath, both on the tissue and the thickened, promi-

nent, elevated veins, entire to rarely serrulate or crenulate, often

somewhat sinuate, acute at apex, narrowed to an usually acute or

acutish base, short-petiolate; petioles up to 2-4 mm. long, pubescent,

deeply grooved, thickened, thinly connate at least part way; flowers

in panicles; the basal peduncle usually once branched, up to 2 cm.

long, usually shorter; pedicels ca. half the length of peduncles, flower

FLORA OF PERU 601

stalks subglabrous to pubescent to occasionally densely glandular-

pubescent; bracts leaf -like, little reduced in size; calyx lobes ovate,

4-6 (-7) mm. long, acute, pubescent on both surfaces, margins thick-

ened, a little revolute; corolla yellow, both lips pustulate-pubescent,

from 13-30 (-33) mm. long, upper lip little shorter to often longer

than the calyx, ca. 5-7 mm. long; lower lip 20-28 mm. long, saccate

most of its length, sac much inflated, abruptly upturned, with a tuft

of white hairs at base internally; filaments short, anthers small, cells

equal, notched at the apex of the septum; style short ca. 1-2 mm.

long, densely beset with stalked glands at base; ovary densely covered

with sessile glands.

This emended description combines the information presented in

the text and picture of Ruiz and Pavon with the general run of speci-

mens most nearly matching these data.

Leaves entire or sinuate; flower stalks eglandular, sparsely puberu-

lent C. inflexa f . inflexa.

Leaves serrulate-crenulate; flower stalks densely glandular-puberu-

lent C. inflexa f . altissima.

Calceolaria inflexa R. & P., f. inflexa. C. laxa Benth. in DC.,

Prodr. 10:215. 1848.

Huanuco: Tambillo, 7 mi. SW of Panao, alt. ca. 8,000 ft., Mac-

bride 3580; Huacachi near Mufia, alt. ca. 6,500 ft., Macbride 3888;

between Acamayo and Carpish, beside stream in semi-shade, alt.

8,500 ft., Sandeman 5224; Sariapampa, alt. 3,600 m., Woytkowski

34322.— Junin: 6 mi. S. of Mito, alt. ca. 10,000 ft., Macbride & Feath-

erstone 1838; Pichis Trail, Dos de Mayo, dense forest, alt. 1,700-

1,900 m., Killip & Smith 25851; Oxapampa Soukup 2414; 1,768 m.

alt., Soukup 3345.

Also reported from Canta (Lima Dept.) and Sandia (Puno Dept.) .

Calceolaria inflexa f. altissima (Kranzl.) Edwin, stat. nov.

C. altissima Kranzl. in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV(257c): 107. 1907.

Sin. Dept.: Tambo de Vaca, alt. ca. 13,000 ft., Macbride 4437.

Originally described from Bolivia.

Calceolaria involuta R. & P., Fl. Peruv. 1: 15, t. 23a. 1798.

Tall, glutinous, branched shrub, branchlets drying shining brown-

ish-purple, older wood brown, plant almost entirely glabrous on new

wood, flower-stalks and calyces sparsely puberulent. Leaves petio-

602 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

late, blades lance-ovate, occasionally ovate, rarely lanceolate, mostly

4-8 cm. long and 1.5-3.0 cm. wide, dentate or serrate usually on

upper three-fourths of the blade only, entire toward the acute to

subobtuse base, acute or long-acute apically; petioles thickened, ca-

naliculate, up to almost 2 cm. long, usually 1.0-1.5 cm. long; inflores-

cences terminal on the branches, paired, few-flowered dichasia or

corymbs; calyx glabrous or the narrowly ovate lobes acute and

sparsely puberulent externally, 6-8 mm. long, ca. 3.0-3.5 mm. wide

at base; corolla yellow, glabrous externally or lower lip sparsely pu-

berulent, upper lip about as long as the calyx lobes or little longer,

lower ca. 12-15 mm. long, not 2 times longer than the upper lip,

internally a tuft of hairs developed at the base or more often lacking,

sac a little shorter than the non-saccate part; filaments short, anther

cells unequal or less often equal, more than 2 times longer than wide,

walls and septa thickened, each anther ca. 4.5 cm. long; style ca.

7 mm. long, apically curved, ovary puberulent; capsule not seen.

Libertad: Bombamarca, W. slope of eastern Cordillera, alt. 10,000

ft., Carricker s.n., Sin. Loc: Ruiz & Pavon s.n.

Calceolaria lasiocalyx Pennell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 97:

168, fig. 14b. 1945.

Herbaceous at least on upper part of the plant, stems lax,

branched, stem and branches pubescent with septate hair, pubes-

cence glandless and sometimes reflexed. Leaves petiolate, lance-

ovate, obtuse to subacute, upper 3-5 cm. long and 1.5-2.5 cm. wide,

glandular-punctate above, densely to very densely pubescent above

and beneath, crenate-dentate ; petioles 6-7 mm. long, densely pubes-

cent; inflorescences a pair of simple or once-branched cymes from the

axils of the uppermost pair of leaves; peduncles up to 2.5-4.0 cm.

long, pedicels abruptly much shorter, flower stalks septate-pubescent ;

bracts and bractlets usually lacking; calyx lobes ca. 5 mm. long,

ovate, obtuse, pubescent externally; corolla yellow, externally, prox-

imally or over its entire 10-13 mm. length finely glandular-pubescent

(fide Pennell), upper lip 2-3 mm. long, lower lip 10-12 mm. long,

saccate about half its length, with a tuft of white hairs internally at

base; anthers 2.5-3.0 mm. long, cells equal, a little longer than wide,

widely divergent; style ca. 1.5 mm. long, basally frequently glandu-

lar-puberulent; capsule ovoid-acute, glandular-puberulent, longer

than the calyx.

Cuzco: Tio to Murayaca, Marcapata Valley, Prov. Quispicanchis,

alt. 1,200 m., Vargas 5199.

FLORA OF PERU 603

The type Vargas 3760 also collected in the Marcapata Valley.

Calceolaria leptantha Pennell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 97:

163. 1945.

Climbing or sprawling shrub, stem finely glandular-pubescent.

Leaves on glandular-pubescent petioles that are mostly 12-20 mm.

long, thickened at base and connate across the nodes; blades ovate,

mostly 3-7 mm. long and 2.2-4.8 cm. wide, margins dentate, apex

acute, base lightly cordate, tissue above pilose, beneath reticulate-

veined, finely pubescent, especially on the veins and sparsely gland-

dotted; inflorescences compound cymes; basal peduncles 5-8 cm.

long; bracts petioled, reduced, leaf -like, but hardly cordate; inter-

mediate peduncles and bractlets very reduced, all flower stalks glan-

dular-pubescent; pedicels 15-35 mm. long; sepals glabrous, ovate,

acute, entire to few-toothed, ciliolate, 3-7 mm. long; corolla yellow,

externally essentially glabrous, upper lip ca. 2-3 mm. long, lower lip

15-28 mm. long, internally pubescent; anthers glabrous, cells equal,

divaricate, from little longer than wide to almost twice as long; style

ca. 1.5 mm. long, curved; capsule ovoid-conic, 6-7 mm. long, glan-

dular-puberulent.

Cuzco: Near Rio Paucartambo, below Paucartambo, alt. 2,900-

3,200 m., Pennell 13973 (type); Que"brada de Llulluchayocc, alt.

3,100 m., Vargas 4293', 5 km. NE. of Paucartambo on road to Pilla-

huata, alt. 2,900 m., Vargas and Ugent 4409.

Calceolaria leucantha Edwin, Phytologia 19: 384. 1970.

Differing from C. ballotifolia Kranzl. to which it is very closely

related in the following ways: wood and foliage glabrous, leaves

0.8-5.5 cm. long and 0.5-1.6 cm. wide, densely red-punctate beneath;

lower lip of the corolla saccate only about a third its length.

Tall shrubby climber, glabrous except for the peduncles, pedicels

and calyces, older wood unisulcate. Leaves ovate, very coarsely

dentate, asymmetrical, acute at apex, obtuse to sometimes cordate

at base, short-petiolate; inflorescences dichasiate or corymbose, few-

flowered, terminal on the branches or in upper leaf axils; basal pedun-

cles 3-5 times longer than the remaining flower stalks; calyx tube and

the lower part of the lobes pubescent; corolla white, drying yellow.

Amazonas: above Colcamar, rocky stream in mountain forest,

alt. 3,300 m., Pennell 15634-

604 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Calceolaria linearioides Edwin, Phytologia 19: 385. 1970.

Shrub, erect or apically nodding, stems and branches densely

puberulent or sometimes also glandular-puberulent. Leaves puberu-

lent on both surfaces, more so beneath, blades short-petiolate, broadly

linear or narrowly elliptically ovate, 1.0-2.5 cm. long and 4-8 mm.

wide, margins few-serrulate on the upper half, often thinly revolute,

apex acute or subacute, base acute or long-acute, venation visible,

impressed above, elevated beneath; petioles ca. 1 mm. long, vesture

as the blades, those of the stem and principal branches swollen and

often with reduced leaves or abbreviated shoots in the axils; inflores-

cences racemose or true racemes, borne in upper leaf-axils; pedicels

puberulent, ca. 1-2 cm. long; interfloral leaves reduced, otherwise as

the cauline; calyx lobes sparsely puberulent on both surfaces or in-

ternally glabrous, broadly ovate, acute 4-5 mm. long, almost as wide

near the base; corolla yellow, sometimes red marked within near the

base, upper lip 2-3 mm. long, puberulent or papillose, lower lip glan-

dular-puberulent beneath on the non-saccate proximal part or papil-

lose beneath along its length, sometimes with a tuft of long white

hairs at the base within, ca. 11-15 mm. long, saccate a little less than

half its length; anthers large for the corolla, 4-5 mm. long, cells un-

equal, 2-3 times longer than wide, divaricate; style 2-3 mm. long,

apically curved, ovary puberulent or sparsely glandular with fugitive

glands; capsule ovoid, a little longer than the calyx, puberulent, nar-

rowed to a long neck, apex obtuse.

Cajamarca: Dry banks (volcanic soil), alt. 2,900 m., 15-20 km.

above Cajabamba, Pennell & Ferreyra 14855. — Pasco: Yanahuanca,

northwestern slope, alt. ca. 10,000 ft., Macbride & Featherstone 1184

(type).

Very close to Calceolaria linearis R. & P., differing only as in the

key. The new species is proposed also because of the distance be-

tween the two collections, possibly indicating its wider occurrence in

North Central Peru.

Calceolaria linearis R. & P., Fl. Peruv. 1: 19. 1798. C. tenui-

folia Pennell, Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci. 97: 155. 1945.

Stems up to 10 dm. tall, branched and densely foliaceous, pubes-

cence absent or when present variable. Leaves linear or narrowly

lanceolate, minute to about 3 cm. long, from less than 1 mm. to

about 3 mm. wide, margin revolute, entire, costa prominent beneath

apex usually acute, often hirtellus or pulverulent or tomentose on

one or both surfaces, occasionally glabrous; flowers in usually elon-

FLORA OF PERU 605

gate, dichasiate inflorescences, on the apices of the branches or axil-

lary, occasionally solitary or in pairs; peduncles usually glutinous-

pilose, apically bracteate; pedicels pilose; bractioles at apex of inter-

mediate flower stalks; calyx segments broadly ovate, 4-5 mm. long

and 3-4 mm. wide, obtuse, entire, pilose on both surfaces, often

yellowish, even when dry; upper lip of the corolla minute, much

shorter than the sepals, lower lip minutely pubescent, 10-15 mm.

long, the sac more than half the length of the lip; anthers on very

short, ca. 1.0-1.5 mm. filaments, cells usually unequal, less often sub-

equal or equal, about 3 times longer than wide, divaricate; style very

short ca. 1.0-2.0 mm. long, ovary glabrous or more often glandular-

puberulent; capsule 4-7 mm. long and 2.0-3.5 mm. wide at base,

usually glandular-puberulent, narrowly ovoid below with a long,

abruptly narrowed upper part.

Citations selected from the copious material at most major

herbaria.

Ancash: Above Chiquian, alt. 3,500-3,600 m., Pennell 15417;

north of Chancos, alt. 3,250 m., Pennell 15322; toward El Huascaran,

north of Yungay, alt. 2,850-2,900 m., Pennell 15423; Jalca slopes

and meadow, Cerro San Cristobal, north of Huaraz, alt. 3,450-

3,550 m., Pennell 15449. — Ayacucho: between Huanta and Hacienda

Pagora, alt. 4,200 m., Killip & Smith 23298; Prov. Huamanga, alt.

3,500 m., Weberbauer 5476. — Cajamarca: Cerro Tinaya, alt. 3,150 m.,

Ochoa 1688; Along stream east of Cord, de Cumulloa, to Celendin,

alt. 3,400 m., Pennell 15160; Thickets, mtn. north of Celendin, alt.

2,700-2,900 m., Pennell 15206; Ridge, rocky limestone, 11 km. south

of Cajamarca, alt. 2,750-2,850 m., Pennell & Anderson 15076; 15-

20 km. above Cajabamba, alt. 2,900 m., Pennell & Ferreyra 14855;

10 km. above Cajamarca, alt. 3,300 m., Pennell & Ferreyra 14866;

2-3 km. above Huamachucho, alt. 3,200 m., Pennell & Ferreyra 14860;

West of Llacamora, chert hill, alt. 2,500-2,600 m., Pennell & Ferreyra

14937; Open jalca, Paso de Gavilan south of Cajamarca, alt. 3,100

m., Pennell & Reichlin 15032. — Cuzco: Jucay, Soukup 854. — Huan-

cavelica; Rauh-Hirsch 3473; Huancavelica, alt. 3,798 m., Soukup

2781 ; Prov. Huancavelica, north of Huancavelica, calcareous rocks,

alt. 3,700 m., Stork & Horton 10827; Bunbunya, cerro west of Co-

naica, alt. 3,680-3,700 m., Tovar 210. — Huancayo: Incahuasi, alt.

4,000 m., Soukup 3158. — Junin: Ocopa, alt. ca. 3,300 m., rocky

stream bed, Killip & Smith 21979; Concepcion, alt. 3,300 m., Ochoa

733; Huancayo, alt. 4,000 m., Ledig 21; Concepcion, Huancayo, alt.

606 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

10,800 ft., Sandeman 4918; Soukup 1981. — La Libertad: Between

Trujillo and Huamachuco, alt. 2,900-3,300 m., Ferreyra 3013; Otuz-

co, Agallpampa, alt. 3,270 m., Lopez 0328; S. of Otuzco, alt. 2,500 m.,

Pennell & Ferreyra 14820; km. 82, west of and below Agallpampa,

alt. 2,900 m., Pennell & Ferreyra 14831; 14832; above Motil, alt.

3,200 m., Pennell & Ferreyra 14881 ; Santiago de Chuco: above Cachi-

cadon, alt. 2,800 m., Stork & Horton 9974- — Sin. Dept.: Concepcion:

Ingenio, Soukup 3670. — Sin. Loc. Ruiz & Pavon s.n.

Calceolaria lobata Cav., Icon. 5: 26, t. 443, f. 1. 1799.

Subshrub, stems ascending, woody at base with vesture of stalked,

red glands, internodes from much longer to shorter than the leaves,

stems usually few-branched, branches thin. Leaves long-petiolate,

very broadly ovate in outline, base cordate to less often truncate,

usually 7-lobed, occasionally 5- or 9-lobed, lobes irregularly dentate,

apical lobe acute, size very variable from about 1 to 10 cm. long and

almost as wide, usually densely pilose on both surfaces; petioles

mostly 1-5 cm. long, on the largest leaves even longer, frequently

from half to as long as the blade; inflorescences on long basal pedun-

cles, these often up to 10 cm. or more and frequently aphyllous except

at their summit where a pair of leaf -like bracts are produced, corym-

bose, few- to many-flowered; peduncles, pedicels, calyces and ovaries

densely glandular-pilose; calyx lobes ovate, 4-6 mm. long and 3.5-

4.5 mm. wide; corolla yellow, usually purple marked internally, upper

lip of the corolla much shorter than the calyx lobes, lower lip ca. 14-

18 mm. long, saccate less than half its length, distally upturned; fila-

ments exceeding the lower lip, anther cells equal, apically fused and

diverging to the base, each pair of cells sagittate or almost so, large

for the corolla orifice; style ca. 2 mm. long; capsule ovate to broadly

ovate, abruptly narrowed to a long neck, glandular-puberulent, a

little longer than the calyx, drying violet-red.

Ancash: Rocky wall, Paso de Fortale'za, alt. 3,700 m., Pennell

15262; Alt. 3,800-3,850 m., Pennell 15390; 15391; above Chiquian,

alt. 3,500-3,600 m., Pennell 15416; W. slope of Cerro Negra, below

Paso de Collan, Pennell 15480; Ocros, alt. 3,200 m., Weberbauer 5804-

— Arequipa: Que"brada de San Lazaro, above Arequipa, alt. 9,800 ft.,

Munz 15516; Volcan de Misti, base of volcano, rocky wall of canyon,

canyon, alt. 3,300-3,400 m., Pennell 13226; 14273; Picchu-picchu,

near moisture, alt. 10,500 ft., Sandeman 4015; Alt. 12,000 ft., Staf-

ford 669; Chachani, amongst rocks in deep ravine, alt. 11,000 ft.,

FLORA OF PERU 607

Stafford 596; Chivay, alt. 3,900 m., Weberbauer 6890.—Ayacucho:

Puquio- Valley, alt. 3,400 m., Rauh-Hirsch P439. — Junin: Prov.

Tarma, rocky ground between Tarma and La Oroya, alt. 3,600-

3,700 m., Ferreyra 3830. — Lima: Prov. Huarochiri, Chicla, steep

stony slope, alt. 3,700 m., Asplund 11249; Stony ground near Casa-

palca, between San Mateo and Matucana, Ferreyra 3947; Rio Blanco,

alt. 3,000-3,500 m., open hillside, Killip & Smith 21651; 21711;

21731 ; Rio Blanco, bunch grass, stony slopes, about 15,000 ft., Mac-

bride 2976; Alt. 12,000 ft., leaning against rock faces, Macbride &

Feather stone 708; near Antaicocha, Cerro Colorado, E. of Canta, alt.

3,500-4,000 m., Pennell 14625; Huaros, rock ledges on open slope,

alt. 3,500-3,600 m., Pennell 14738; Rocky bank above Rio Blanco,

alt. 3,500-3,700 m., Pennell & Maldonado 15937; Rio Blanco-Casa-

palca, alt. 3,600-4,000 m., Vargas 5265. — Moquegua: Saylapa near

Carumas, humid rocks, alt. 3,500 m., Weberbauer 7342.

Calceolaria longiinternodia Edwin, Phytologia 19: 386. 1970.

Tall herb, branching near the apex, branches swollen at base,

nodes, especially the lower, several times (ca. 4-5) longer than the

largest leaves, stems drying dark- to purple-brown, striatulate,

mostly glabrous except hirsute-puberulent in the inflorescence.

Leaves opposite or ternate, blades narrowly ovate to lance-ovate,

densely tomentose and pale-green beneath, glabrous, darker and dull-

green above, very variable in size, the major leaves 4-6 cm. long and

usually 1.5-3.0 cm. wide, margins very coarsely dentate, apex long-

acute, variable at base; petioles up to 6 mm. long, densely tomentose,

often with abbreviated shoots or reduced leaves at base in the axils;

peduncles and pedicels densely tomentose, the longest peduncles ca.

4.5 cm. long, once or twice branching, forming dichasia, pedicels

about half as long or less than half as long as the peduncles; inflores-

cences on upper part of the stem, terminal on the branches; calyx

lobes broadly ovate, 7-9 (-10) mm. long, acute, entire, externally

densely puberulent, internally puberulent with a row of hairs near

the margin; corolla yellow, 25-30 mm. long, lower lip externally

pustulate, internally with a tuft of hair at the base, upper lip ca.

4-6 mm. long, lower lip 21-24 mm. long, saccate less than half its

length; anthers on short filaments, cells equal or a little unequal,

sometimes dimorphic in a flower, mostly at least 2 times longer than

wide, less often only little longer than wide to almost as wide as long,

each pair of cells 4.5-5.5 mm. long; style a little thickened, erect,

ca. 4 mm. long, ovary glandular.

608 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Ancash: Herb, banks near stream Tinco, alt. 3,400-3,650 m.,

E. slope of Cordillera Negra opposite Huaraz, Pennell 151+68 (type).

Close to C. impressifolia Edwin, from which it differs in leaf and

anther shape and C. hirsutula Pennell and C. bicrenata R. & P. The

former has leaf margins with very fine teeth and the latter differs

in leaf-shape. C. longiinternodia differs from all other Calceolarias in

the combination of dimorphic anthers, leaves about three times as

long as wide with coarsely dentate margins and calyx lobes usually

7-9 mm. long with a distinct row of hairs internally near the margins.

Calceolaria lopezii Edwin, Phytologia 19: 387. 1970.

Soft erect herb, branches and leaves opposite, stems, branches

and flower-stalks more or less densely pubescent with gland-tipped

hairs, glands small and frequently fugitive in age, hairs white of in-

termixed, varying sizes, upper nodes bearing densest vesture. Upper-

most leaves sessile, others short-petiolate, blades ovate, mostly 2.8-

4.1 cm. long, sometimes shorter, and 2.0-3.8(-4.4) cm. wide, some-

times narrower, dentate-denticulate, apex acute, base obtuse to trun-

cate, occasionally cordate, subglabrous to sparsely puberulent with

2-celled hairs, mostly concentrated on the margins and the veins

above, chartaceous, a little paler beneath than above, both surfaces

dull green; petioles only 1-2 mm. long, rarely a little longer, vesture

denser than the blades; inflorescences terminal on stem and axillary

or terminal on the branches with a pair of reduced bract-like leaves

at the base of the peduncle, simple or lax branched dichasia; calyx

lobes externally sparsely pubescent, margins ciliate, internally gla-

brous, main veins parallel, ovate to elliptical, 2.3-3.0 mm. long and

1.2-2.0 mm. wide, acute; corolla yellow, 12-22 mm. long, almost

completely glabrous, upper lip more than half the length of the lower,

7-8 mm. long, lower lip 11-13 mm. long and 7-9 mm. wide, saccate

about half its length; filaments about 4 mm. long, flattened, with one

main vein, anthers bilocular, locules very small, each anther about

1 mm. long, usually smaller, a little longer than wide; style glabrous,

elongate, 4.5-5.0 mm. long, glabrous, thin, stigma very small, scarcely

wider than the style, ovary drying dark red; capsule not seen.

Libertad: Cerro Campana, Prov. Trujillo, alt. 500 m., Aug. 9,

1948, Lopez 0221 (US); same location August 21, 1949, alt. 420 m.,

Angulo 0698.

Calceolaria luteocalyx Edwin, Phytologia 19: 388. 1970.

Climbing shrub, main branches and stem canaliculate at least

part way, young wood densely, older wood sparsely puberulent.

FLORA OF PERU 609

Leaves petiolate, blades ovate or elliptic-ovate, mostly 2.0-4.0 cm.

long and 1.5-2.2 cm. wide, usually not twice as long as wide, nar-

rowed at both ends, margins coarsely, irregularly serrate-dentate;

petioles densely pubescent, mostly 0.8-1.8 cm. long, basally little

thickened and thinly connate across the nodes that are frequently

much longer than the leaves; inflorescences arising from the upper

leaf-axils, basally dichotomously branched, ultimately 3-flowered

cymes, basal branching sometimes wanting, then the inflorescences

simple or once-branched cymes; bracts and bractlets foliose, reduced;

basal peduncles 5-9 cm. long, secondary peduncles ca. a half to two-

thirds as long as the basal; pedicels little shorter than secondary

peduncles; flower stalks densely puberulent; calyx yellow, lobes sub-

glabrous, sometimes broader than long, broadly ovate, obtuse, 7-

8 mm. long and 7-9 mm. wide, margins sinuate or irregularly broadly

crenulate and sparsely ciliolate, calyx tube sparsely to densely pu-

berulent; corolla yellow, wholly glabrous, upper lip 3 mm. long with

hood 1 mm. long; lower lip 18-22 mm. long, saccate less than half its

length, proximal, non-saccate part only little narrower than distally;

anther cells equal, ca. 2 mm. long, divaricate, subsessile, filaments

ca. 0.3-0.5 mm. long and about as wide; style ca. 2.5-3.0 mm. long,

thickened, ovary pubescent, flattened; capsule not seen.

Known only from the type collection.

Amazonas: Forest, alt. 3,000 m., Cerro Puma-urco, SE. of Cha-

chapoyas, Pennell 1551+9 (PH).

This species differs from all other taxa in the genus by virtue of

the following combination of characteristics: calyx yellow, with lobes

often wider than long, non-saccate part of the lower lip of the corolla

only little narrower than the saccate part and the anthers subsessile.

Calceolaria macrocarpa Pennell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.

97: 161. 1945.

Branched shrub forming clumps, stems scabrous. Leaves short-

petiolate, elliptical, 1.5-2.0 cm. long and 0.8-1.0 cm. wide, acute,

dentate, with about 5 pairs of sharp teeth, pilose above, puberulent

and gland-dotted beneath, base cuneate; petioles 3-4 mm. long,

basally thickened; inflorescences in pairs of 1-3-flowered cymes; pe-

duncles 2.5-4.5 cm. long; bracts reduced foliage leaves; pedicels 9-

13 mm. long; flower stalks finely scabrous; sepals ovate to lance-

ovate, acute, 7-8 mm. long, minutely scabrous; corolla yellow, ex-

ternally proximally puberulent, upper lip 1.5-2.5 mm. long, lower lip

610 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

ca. 20 mm. long, internally glabrous, sac less than half its length;

anther cells equally divaricate, ca. 2 mm. long, about two-thirds as

wide as long; style 1.2 mm. long, curved apically; capsule narrowly

conic, 10 mm. long, obsoletely glandular-pubescent.

Cuzco: Checacupe, open rocky bank, alt. 3,400-3,450 m., Pennell

13535 (type); Cook & Gilbert 93 pp., from Sicuani reported by Pen-

nell but unknown to me.

Calceolaria maculata Edwin, Phytologia 19: 389. 1970.

Climbing herb with opposite branches, young stems and branches

densely pubescent, older densely puberulent, internodes longer than

the leaves. Leaves short-petiolate, densely eglandular, ferrugineous-

tomentose beneath, densely pubescent above with shorter, frequently

glandular hairs, ovate, grossly dentate, apex acute, base broadly

obtuse to subtruncate, mostly 1.8-3.0 cm. long and 1.0-1.9 cm. wide;

petioles up to ca. 8 mm. long, densely pubescent, those of the stem

leaves thick, indurate, woody, persistent, with the branches forming

swollen nodes; flowers clustered at the apices of the upper branches

in irregular cymose or corymbose inflorescences; bracts and flower

stalks densely pubescent; basal peduncles up to 3 cm. long, interme-

diate peduncles and pedicels much shorter, frequently less than half

as long; calyx lobes ovate, acute, 5.0-6.5 mm. long, almost as wide

at base, externally densely pubescent, internally with a thick row of

short hairs along the margins and a few, scattered hairs on the lower

third; corolla yellow, the internal surface of the lower lip red-brown

marked or spotted and with a tuft of long white hairs at the base,

mostly 19-23 mm. long, less than half as wide, upper lip up to 2.5 mm.

long, lower lip beneath, externally sparsely puberulent, 16.5-22.0

mm. long, saccate only about a third to a fourth its length, the sac

at the distal end with 2 short sulcations therefore appearing 3-lobate;

stamens glabrous, filaments ca. 1.5 mm. long, anthers ca. 3 mm. long,

cells equal, almost twice as long as wide; style 1.5-2.0 mm. long, erect

or little curved at apex, glabrous, most often thickened, ovary glan-

dular with sessile, golden glands; capsule ovoid, obtuse, glandular,

shorter than the calyx.

Known only from the type collection.

Cajamarca: Meadow, E. of Celendin, alt. 2,500-2,700 m., Pen-

nell 15215 (US).

This very distinct taxon is probably close to C. aperta Edwin,

but easily distinguished from it. The corolla is very unusual.

FLORA OF PERU 611

Calceolaria micrantha Pennell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.

97: 176-177. 1945.

Annual, mostly glandular-pubescent herb, up to 30-40 cm. tall,

stem glabrescent near the base, internodes usually longer than the

leaves. Lower leaves ovate in outline, 1.5-2.7 cm. long and almost

as wide, usually pinnatifid or with 2 pairs of pinnae, on petioles 1.5-

2.0 cm. long, upper leaves and bracts lanceolate, about 1.5 cm. long

and 3-6 mm. wide, on petioles about 5 mm. long; petioles connate

across the nodes; inflorescences compound, one-sided cymes; pedicels

reduced apically, 2-20 mm. long; basal peduncles 35-50 mm. long;

sepals ovate, 4-5 mm. long, acute to acuminate, irregularly sparsely

denticulate, ciliate, externally with gland-tipped pubescence; corolla

yellow, externally glabrous, upper lip 2-3 mm. long, lower 5-8 mm.

long, saccate most of its length; connective thickened, longer than

the sterile lower anther, shorter than the fertile upper anther; style

glabrous 1.0-1.5 mm. long; capsule about as long as the calyx, ovoid,

constricted to the conic neck, glandular-puberulent.

Ayacucho: Ccarrapa, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, alt.

ca. 1,500 m., Killip & Smith 22381. — Cuzco: Near Rio Yanamayo,

below "Pillahuata," alt. 2,200-2,400 m., Pennell (type).

This is a forest species of southern Peru which probably has

greater distribution than the two collections indicate. It is incon-

spicuous and easily overlooked.

Calceolaria millefoliata Kranzl. in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. 50:

Beibl. Ill, 72. 1914.

Much branched, erect shrub, bark glabrescent below and glandu-

lar-pilose above. Leaves very numerous, petiolate, blades up to

5 mm. long and 4 mm. wide, margin with 5-7 obtuse lobes and a

little revolute, densely white-pilose above and beneath, the hairs

curly and loosely matted; petioles up to almost 1.5 mm. long, red-

dish; flowers solitary or in few-flowered dichasia at the apices of

stems and principal branches; flower stalks thin, densely pilose, 1.0-

2.5 cm. long; calyx lobes ovate, 4.0-5.0 mm. long and 2 mm. wide at

base, acute; corolla orange-red, entirely glabrous, 1.5 mm. long and

1.0 cm. wide distally, upper lip 3 mm. long, hooded, lower lip 1.2 cm.

long, saccate more than half its length, the transverse orifice 2 times

as wide as long; filaments very short, anthers ca. 2 mm. long, up to

almost 2 times longer than wide; style about as long as the stamens;

ovary papillose. (Description after Kranzl.)

612 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Only two collections seen, the type material from the department

of Ayacucho and the other from Arequipa. The distance between

collections, about 350-400 km., indicates strongly that future speci-

mens will be found in the area now separating them.

Arequipa: Rocky canyon above Arequipa, alt. 3,300 m., Pennell

13212. — Ayacucho: between Rio de Lomas and Rio de Yanca in

Prov. Parinacochas, alt. 2,900-3,000 m., Weberbauer 5770.

Calceolaria myriophylla Kranzl. in Engler, Pflanzenr. 4(257c):

88. 1907.

Shrub, much branched, branches thin often curved, older wood

glabrous, light or dark grey, younger densely white-tomentose.

Leaves minute, very numerous, short-petiolate, ovate and oblong,

mostly up to 5 mm. long and 3 mm. wide, occasionally reaching al-

most 10 mm. long and 6 mm. wide, margin plane or little revolute,

entire or sometimes crenulate-crenate, minutely white-pilose with

impressed nervation above, long-white-pilose with prominent ner-

vation beneath, apically obtuse; inflorescences of 3-flowered dichasia

or flowers solitary in upper leaf-axils, dichasia sometimes crowded;

pedicels thin, ca. 1.0 cm. long, sometimes shorter or longer and with

the calyces minutely papillose; bracts minute; calyx 4.5-6.0 mm.

long, pubescent, lobes ovate, 3.5-4.5 (5.0) mm. long, 3.5-4.0 mm.

wide, puberulent on both sides, obtusish; corolla yellow, minutely

pilose or glabrous, mostly 2.0-2.8 cm. long, upper lip shorter than

the calyx, lower saccate less than half its length, orifice rectangular;

filaments 1.5-2.5 mm. long, anther cells equal, up to 2 times longer

than wide, variable in size, usually large for the corolla, divaricate;

style short, ovary glabrous or usually sparsely glandular, drying shin-

ing, red-black; capsule glandular or glabrous, longer than the calyx

and filling it tightly, spherical or very broadly ovoid with a long-

acuminate beak.

Well represented in Dept. Cuzco, unknown elsewhere.

Cuzco: Rocky slope, alt. 3,300 m., Cardenas 4186; Ollantaitambo,

alt. ca. 3,000 m., Cook & Gilbert 377, 496, 627; "Puru-puru," Rio

Japfi, alt. 3,500-3,600 m., Herrera 776; "Pulu-pulu," Huasco, alt.

3,200 m., Herrera 3032; Cusipata, alt. 3,300 m., Pennell 13537; Sacsa-

huaman, alt. 3,500-3,600 m., Pennell 13569, 13588; San Sebastian,

alt. 3,300-3,400 m., Pennell 13597; Ollantaitambo, alt. 3,100-3,300

m., Pennell 13676: Pisac, rocky canyon, alt. 3,400-3,500 m., Pennell

13720; Qurquijana, alt. 3,200 m., Pennell 14208; Sajsaihuaman, alt.

3,600 m., Vargas 229; Sin Loc., Watkins s.n.

FLORA OF PERU 613

Calceolaria myrtilloides Kranzl. in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. 1:

99. 1905.

Erect essentially glabrous shrub, wood frequently drying black

or dark brown. Leaves short-petiolate, ovate or elliptic-ovate,

mostly 1.5-3.0 cm. long and 1.2-2.2 cm. wide, dark green with ob-

scure venation above, light yellow-green with obvious, reticulate

venation beneath, obscurely dentate-serrate, narrowed to both ends;

petioles ca. 3-6 mm. long; inflorescences few-flowered, corymbose;

flower-stalks minutely papillose; bracteoles lanceolate or lance-ovate;

calyx lobes ovate, acute, 5.0-7.5 mm. long, externally glabrous, in-

ternally with a row of hairs along the margins and with scattered

puberulence; corolla yellow, variable in size, glandular-puberulent

or -pilose or occasionally only very sparsely so, upper lip from 3 mm.

long to only little shorter than the calyx lobes, lower lip from 20-

30 mm. long, sac round, more than half the length of the lip; anther

cells equal or unequal, at least twice as long as wide, each pair of

cells divaricate, 3.5-4.5 (-5.0) mm. long, filaments short, thickened,

especially at the base; styles abruptly incurved, ca. 2.3 mm. long,

ovary densely glandular-pubescent.

Ancash: Near Shincash above Chiquian, Prov. Bolognesi, alt.

3,885 m., Ferreyra 5848; Between Tallenga and Pachapaque, Bo-

lognesi, alt. 3,500-3,600 m., Ferreyra 7477; Near Ocros, Prov. Caja-

tambo, alt. 3,500-3,700 m., Weberbauer 2689 (fragment of type).—

Libertad: Toyabamba, alt. 10,000-12,000 ft., Carricker s.n.

Calceolaria nivalis HBK., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 381. 1817.

Shrub, essentially glabrous, stems, branches and upper surface

of the leaves shining, even when dry, plants frequently glutinous.

Leaves short-petiolate, blades ovate or lance-ovate, rarely almost

lanceolate, subcoriaceous, largest up to 6 cm. long and 2 cm. wide,

margin dentate-serrate, apex acute, narrowed to base, obviously re-

ticulate-venose beneath; petioles 4-6 mm. long; inflorescences cymose-

subumbellate, up to 10-flowered, usually less; pedicels black-hirtellus,

rarely elongate; calyx lobes ovate, acute, 5-6 mm. long and 3-4 mm.

wide, sparsely glandular-pubescent externally, most often with a row

of yellow hair internally along the margin; corolla yellow, glabrous,

upper lip longer than the calyx, ca. 7-8 mm. long, lower lip up to

12 mm. long, saccate less than half its length; filaments very short,

anther cells equal, little longer than wide, longer than the filament.

Reported (by Kranzlin) in Peru. No material seen. The report

may be erroneous. This species is well collected in Ecuador.

614 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Calceolaria oblonga R. & P., Fl. Peruv. 1: 15, t. 24, fig. b. 1798.

C. punicea R. & P. Ic. t. 24, fig- «•

Herb, sometimes woody at base, leaves, especially on the veins

beneath, calyx lobe margins and often also the stems and branches

beset with multicellular hair. Leaf blades very short-petiolate, peti-

oles up to 4 mm. long, densely pubescent, blades ovate, acute at apex,

obtuse or subobtuse at base, irregularly serrate-serrulate; inflores-

cences usually paired, from the axils of the uppermost leaves, few-

flowered, corymbose or dichasiate (ex desc.); flower stalks densely

pubescent with multicellular hair, basal peduncles 3-4 times longer

than the remaining peduncles and pedicels; interfloral leaves much

reduced; flowers small, 12-18 mm. long; calyx lobes, margins ex-

cepted, externally, sparsely pubescent, internally glabrous, ovate,

acute, 3.5-4.0 mm. long and 2.5-3.0 mm. wide, veins obvious within;

corolla yellow to pale yellow, upper lip sometimes almost white, 4.5-

6.5 mm. long, hood very short, externally glandular-pubescent, ori-

fice internally surrounded by a tuft of long, white hairs, lower lip

more or less densely pubescent externally with short, gland-tipped

hairs, 7-12 mm. long, from little more to little less than twice as long

as the upper lip, saccate over most of its length; anthers very short-

stalked, locules equal, divaricate, each pair 2.0-2.5 mm. long, only

little longer than wide; style very short, ca. 1.0-1.3 mm. long, thick-

ened, erect, ovary pustulate-glandular.

Cuzco: Valley of Cosnipata, between Mistiana and Deros, alt.

ca. 800 m., Scolnik 889. — Junin: Pichis Trail, Porvenir, alt. 1,500-

1,900 m., dense forest, Kittip & Smith 25952.

The distance between collections of this distinct species indicates

its occurrence in the area between and possibly even beyond them.

Calceolaria padifolia HBK., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 380. 1817.

C. deflexa Willd. ex Link in Spreng., Bot. Jahrb. 1(3): 52. 1820.

Slightly glutinous, branchlets excepted, erect, much branched

shrub. Leaves on petioles 5-10 mm. long, subconnate (ex Kunth,

pilose in the canal) ; blades ovate-lanceolate, base rounded or short-

acute, apex acute and acuminate, dentate, reticulate-venose and

paler beneath than above, up to 6 cm. long and 2 cm. wide; inflores-

cences subdichasiate, basally equally 3-branched, the ultimate branch-

ing dichasial; pedicels about 2 cm. long, all flower stalks thin; calyx

segments ovate, obtuse, 6 mm. long and 3 mm. wide at base; corolla

yellow, glabrous, upper lip longer than the calyx, 1 cm. long; lower

FLORA OF PERU 615

lip 1.2 cm. long; stamens very short, anthers much larger than the

filaments. (Description after Kranzlin.)

Reported from Piura: Ayavaca (Ayabaca) Humboldt & Bonpland

3586; photo seen.

Calceolaria pallascensis Edwin, Phytologia 19: 390. 1970.

Erect, strictly branching from about the middle, mostly densely

white-lanate, nodose shrub, stems very densely lanate above, vesture

decreasing basally, thickened at the closely spaced nodes. Leaves a

little shorter to a little longer than the internodes, with the branches

and flower stalks strictly pointing upward, almost parallel to the

main stem, sessile, linear or aciculiform, mostly 0.5-1.5 cm. long up

to 2 mm. wide, densely lanate in the groove of the costa and varying

to densely puberulent-pustulate on the tissue, the puberulence mi-

nutely gland-tipped, the bases of the outermost leaves at each node

thickened, mostly with very abbreviated shoots in the axils, the

leaves appearing clustered, occasionally the shoots a little elongated,

margins revolute, entire, apex hammate, tissue thickened, venation

obsolete; inflorescences terminal on the main stem and branches and

in the uppermost leaf-axils, simply cymose; pedicels 5-10 mm. long,

densely lanate; calyx tissue thickened, calyx lobes externally densely

lanate, internally glabrous or minutely glandular-puberulent, or with

a line of hairs near the margin, 3 segments broadly ovate, the fourth

segment ellliptically ovate, 4.0-4.5 mm. long and ca. 3.0 mm. wide

or 5.0-5.5 mm. long and 2.0 mm. wide, all acute; corolla yellow, gla-

brous or often minutely puberulent, 7-11 mm. long, upper lip 3-4

mm. long, hooded but not obscuring the genitalia, lower lip saccate

about half its length, sac distally crenulate, internally glabrous; an-

ther cells large for the corolla on very short filaments, divaricate,

unequal and almost oribicular; style 2.5-4.5 mm. long, curved, ovary

granular; fruit not seen.

Known only from the type.

Ancash: Laguna de Pelagatos, Prov. Pallasca, alt. 4,300 m., Lopez

2400 (LA).

Unequal almost orbicular anther cells are rare in the genus. This

characteristic along with the strict branching, strict flower stalks,

very small corolla, simple inflorescence, dense woolly vesture and

very narrow leaves aggregated in nodose masses renders the taxon

quite distinct.

616 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Calceolaria palustris Sodiro ex Kranzl. Pflanzenr. 4(257c) : 27.

1907.

Repent to ascending annual herb, upper half of the stems usually

glandular-pubescent, becoming glabrous below, pubescence several

celled. Leaves variable, uppermost lanceolate, acute, few-dentate,

dentations deep, large acute, becoming pinnatifid to pinnate below

and ovate in inclusive outline, subglabrous to sparsely pubescent

above, puberulent beneath, sometimes only on the costa, lowest

leaves largest, up to 4 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide, decreasing in size

to the apex of the stems; petioles flattened, mostly 1-2 cm. long,

those of the largest leaves very thinly connate across the stem;

flowers borne singly in the axils of the upper leaves; the appressed-

glandular-pubescent pedicels shorter to longer than the subtending

leaves; calyx lobes lance-ovate to occasionally ovate, acute, denticu-

late, 6-8 mm. long and 2.5-4.0 mm. wide, glandular-puberulent on

the margins, venation externally prominent; corolla pale yellow, up-

per lip 3-5 mm. long, lower lip occasionally drying creamy white,

externally glabrous, 8-15 mm. long, saccate most of its length; calyx

and corolla often purple-maculate; connective longer than the anther

cells, upper fertile, almost globular, lower cell sterile, rudimentary;

style ca. 1.0 mm. long; capsule as long as wide or more often wider

than long, 4 mm. long and 4-6 mm. wide, broadly ovoid, shorter than

the calyx, glabrous.

Cuzco: Near Rio Yanamayo, below "Pillahuata," alt. 2,000-

2,300 m., Pennell 14044', Prov. Paucartambo, Tambomayo, alt.

1,300 m., Vargas 7288. — Huanuco: Prov. Huanuco, Carpish, alt. ca.

2,750 m., Asplund 128^7; Cordillera Azul, alt. 1,600 m., Scolnik 1113.

— Puno: Prov. Sandia, Limbani, alt. 3,300 m., Vargas 9636.

Distributed from Colombia to Bolivia.

Calceolaria pavonii Benth., in DC., Prodr. 10: 211. 1846. C. per-

foliata R. & P., Fl. Peruv. 1: 15, t. 210. 1798, non L.f.

Erect, perennial, viscose-villose or viscose-puberulent herb. Peti-

oles winged, dilated at base, connate, subdentate; leaf tissue not ob-

scured by the vesture. Otherwise much like C. tomentosa R. & P.

with which it may be conspecific.

Amazonas: Prov. Chachapoyas: near Leimebamba, alt. 3,000 m.,

moist open clay soil (Cerro Calla-Calla?), Metcalf 30797; Ridge south-

east of Colcamar, alt. 2,100-2,200 m., Pennell 15595; 15600; Above

Colcamar, alt. 2,500 m., Pennell 15607; Mathews 3042. — Huanuco:

FLORA OF PERU 617

El Tambillo, camino a Panao, alt. 2,650 m., Scolnik 1053; Several

km. west of summit of Carpish, alt. 2,800 m., Stork & Horton 9899.

— Junin: Huancapistana, thickets and open woods, alt. 1,800-2,400

m., Killip & Smith 21+179; Prov. Tarma: Aqua Dulce, alt. 2,000 m.,

Woytkowski 37008.— Piura: Porculla, alt. 6,000-7,000 ft., Carricker

s.n. — Sin. Dept.: Yanano, alt. 6,000 ft., Macbride 1+923. — Sin. Loc.:

Ruiz & Pavon s.n.

Calceolaria pearceana Kranzl. Pflanzenr. 4(257C) : 107. 1907.

Vine or climbing shrub, occasionally a climbing perennial herb,

stem, branches and flower stalks usually brown-puberulent, puberu-

lence decreasing with age, main stem ultimately frequently glabrate

near the base. Leaves small for the plant, sessile or almost so, ovate,

reaching 2.5 cm. long and 1 cm. wide, mostly smaller, especially in

width, crenate, acute at apex, acute to cuneate at base, puberulent

or pilose on both surfaces or glabrous above, sometimes few-gold-

punctate beneath; inflorescences of few-flowered corymbs, terminal

on the branches; flower stalks thin, up to 2 cm. long; calyx lobes

ovate, 6 mm. long, acute, puberulent externally, few-gold-punctate

internally and often with a row of golden hairs along the margins;

corolla 14-20 mm. long, sparsely muricate with red puncticulations

and golden puncta, upper lip well developed, sometimes exceeding

the calyx, usually more than half as long as the calyx, yellow or

whitish, lower lip yellow, saccate more or less than half its length;

filaments short, anther cells drying black or brown, equal, walls

thickened, divergent to subsagittate, large for the corolla, less than

twice as long as wide to little longer than wide; style 4-6 mm. long,

little or not at all thickened, with the ovary, glandular punctate at

base; capsule ovate, when immature shorter than the explanate calyx.

Cuzco: Paucartambo to Tre's Cruces, Cerro de Cusilluyoc, thick-

ets, alt. 3,400-3,700 m., Pennell 13803; "Pillahuata," Cerro de Cusil-

luyoc, thickets above town, alt. 3,000-3,500 m., Pennell 13928;

forests above "Pillahuata," alt. 2,200-2,600 m., Pennell 13930;

among shrubs near Marcachea, Prov. Paucartambo, alt. 2,450 m.,

Vargas 11174- — Puno: Sandia, near Limbani, alt. 3,200-3,450 m.,

Metcalf 301+81; Sin. Loc.: Soukup 1228, no data.

The small corolla enables rapid separation of this taxon from its

near relatives, such as C. boliviana and C. atahualpae. Explanate

fruiting calyces are rare in the genus.

618 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Calceolaria phaceliaefolia Edwin, Phytologia 19: 390. 1970.

Subshrub dying back to near the ground or occasionally an herb

or small shrub, usually branching over much of its length, younger

stems puberulent, often with mixed glandular and eglandular hair,

older at length glabrate. Leaves petiolate, ovate in outline, very

variable in size, mostly 1-3 cm. long and 0.8-2.5 cm. wide, in herba-

ceous material up to 6 cm. long and 5 cm. wide, margins with 2-4

pairs of irregular lobes, these sometimes secondarily toothed, long-

acute at apex, obtuse to subtruncate at base, puberulent above and

beneath with gland-tipped hairs; petioles sometimes almost as long

as the blades, most often a third to a fourth the length of the blades,

glandular-puberal ent to -pubescent; inflorescences variable, corym-

bose to paniculate, when paniculate, the ultimate branchings cymose

or dichasiate, few- to many-flowered, usually terminal on the branches;

bractlets very reduced, leaf-like, ca. 0.5 mm. long, lobes short, 1-2

pairs; basal peduncles 3-10 times longer than the remaining flower

stalks, peduncles and pedicels gland-tipped-puberulent, sometimes

densely so; flowers variable in size, 22-40 mm. long when dry, up

to only half as wide; calyx lobes ovate, acute, 7-9 mm. long and 4-

6 mm. wide, internally and externally gland-tipped puberulent; co-

rolla yellow, 20-35 (-38) mm. long, externally sparsely to densely

very short-puberulent, the hairs gland-tipped, upper lip very short,

ca. 2-4 mm. long, not hiding the stamens and stigma; lower lip 20-

35 mm. long, distally saccate less than half its length, the proximal

part abruptly much narrower than the upcurving sac, internally long-

pubescent with white hairs at the base; stamens with filaments ca.

1.5-2.5 mm. long, anther cells unequal or very rarely equal, sagittate,

the larger of each pair about 3 mm. long and 1.0-1.5 mm. wide, the

other cell from subobsolete to about three-fourths as large, often

varying from flower to flower on a single plant, when almost lacking

reduced to a sterile flap at the apex of the filament, the stamen ap-

pearing uniloculate unless magnified (ca. 30 X); style erect, 2.5-

3.0 mm. long, ovary glandular; capsule ovoid, little shorter than the

calyx, apically narrowed, style persisting.

Ancash: Tranca, near Chiquian, alt. 3,220 m., Ferreyra 5691;

Capillapunta, mountain S. of Chiquian, alt. 3,540 m., Ferreyra 5732;

Mountain E. of Chiquian, alt. 3,500-3,550 m., Ferreyra 7334; 7342

(herbaceous); Marcara, Prov. Huaraz, alt. 3,000 m., Nunez 3234;

Stream bed, S. of Huaraz, alt. 3,100 m., Pennell 15263; Monterrey,

3 km. below Huaraz, alt. 3,000-3,100 m., Pennell 15309; Shrub,

bushy banks, alt. 3,200-3,500 m., N. of Chancos, Pennell 15320;

FLORA OF PERU 619

Bushy, rocky slope along stream, S. of Rio Santa, alt. 3,100-3,150 m.,

opposite Huaraz, Pennell 15328; Sandy banks, alt. 3,400-3,450 m.,

Cerro Shaurema, SE. of Huaraz, Pennell 15352; Low mountain

toward El Huascaron, N. of Yungay, alt. 2,850-2,900 m., Pennell

15^.22 (anther cells equal); Summit of Cerro Shaurema, SE. of Hu-

araz, alt. ca. 3,500 m., Pennell 154-28; Bed of Que"brada de Huaqui,

alt. 3,000-3,050 m., N. of Huaraz, Pennell 15436; Hills N. of Huaraz,

alt. 3,100-3,150 m., Pennell 15438; Jalca, E. of slope of Cordillera

Negra, opposite Huaraz, alt. 3,600 m., Pennell 15464- — Lima: Chicla

between San Mateo and Casapalca, alt. 3,700 m., Ferreyra 6515;

Rimac Valley, alt. 4,000 m., Rauh-Hirsch P1794-

This species is easily separated from the other members of the

genus by the combination of very unequal anther cells, deeply lobed

leaves, long petioles, and the irregularly varying inflorescence.

Calceolaria pinnata L., Mant. II. 171. 1771. C. pulchella

Salisb., Prodr. 89. 1796. C. bipinnatifida Phil., Fl. Atac. 36. 1860.

Annual, branching herb, sparsely to densely puberulent to occa-

sionally almost glabrous, stems sometimes repent. Leaves petiolate,

blades up to 7-10 cm. long, all pinnate, with 4-5 pairs of subopposite

pinnae, sometimes bipinnate or pinnae pinnatifid and often variable

in outline, usually irregularly coarsely dentate, uppermost pinnae

frequently alternate; petioles up to about 3 cm. long, mostly a little

shorter; inflorescences usually 3-flowered, terminal dichasia, rarely

in branched dichasia; pedicels 6-12 mm. long, glandular-pubescent;

calyx lobes ovate to broadly ovate, 4.5-7.0 mm. long and up to 5 mm.

wide, sparsely, minutely, gland-tipped puberulent, venation parallel,

conspicuous; corolla yellow, variable in size, 8-20 mm. long or even

longer, externally glabrous, upper lip shorter than the calyx, hooded,

3-6 mm. long; lower lip saccate two-thirds to three-fourths of its

length, sac expanded, little longer than wide; both cells of each an-

ther fertile, the upper larger, all cells exceeding the connective arm

in length; style ca. 1.5 mm. long, persisting on the capsule; ovary

sparsely glandular-puberulent; capsule broadly ovoid, pubescent as

the ovary, apically narrowed, little longer than the calyx and about

as long as wide.

Libertad: Prov. Trujillo, Cerro Campana — "Farolillo," alt. 420

m., Angulo 0699. — Lima: Amancaes, vicinity of Lima, loma vegeta-

tion, Asplund 13724 and alt. 380-420 m., Ferreyra 3969; Valley of

Amancaes, alt. 245-275 m., Mexia 4018; Cerro de Amancaes, alt.

200-600 m., Pennell 15925; Rock ledges on hills S. of Atocongo, alt.

620 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

200-600 m., Pennell & Anderson 159^2; Chancai, Lomas de "Lachai,"

among rocks, alt. 500 m., Vargas 4688.

This is one of the very few wholly low elevation species of Cal-

ceolaria in Peru.

Calceolaria pisacomensis Meyen, Reise 1: 469. 1830.

Herb or subshrub up to 50 cm. tall or even taller, newer branches,

foliage, flower stalks, calyx margins externally and calyx tissue in-

ternally more or less densely, glandular-puberulent. Leaves ovate

or deltoid, 1-5 cm. long and 0.6-4.0 cm. wide, uppermost perfoliate-

amplexicaul, middle sessile, lower short-petiolate, acute or upper

acuminate at apex, broadly obtuse, subtruncate or subcordate at

base, grossly and irregularly dentate-serrate; inflorescences sub-

umbellate-corymbose, often many-flowered but varying to few-flow-

ered; basal peduncle 2-3 times longer than intermediate peduncles,

these latter branching into pedicels only little shorter; intern1 oral

leaves apparently lacking; calyx lobes ovate, acute, 4-6 mm. long

and 3-4 mm. wide; corolla essentially glabrous within and without,

upper lip and the lower distally red or red-brown, proximally yellow,

upper lip 2-3 mm. long, lower 20-28 (-30) mm. long, saccate less

than half its length; stamens longer than the upper lip, anther cells

equal, divaricate, each pair of cells 3.0-3.5 mm. long, each cell at

least 2-3 times longer than wide; style ca. 2 mm. long, curved at

apex, ovary glandular; capsule ovoid, glandular, little shorter than

the calyx, the abrupt narrowing to a neck absent, the short style

persisting.

Arequipa: Plateau between Arequipa and Puno, near Arequipa,

alt. 2,600-4,000 m., Ferreyra 2598; Pichu-pichu, among rocks, in dry

steam bed and rocky slopes, alt. 10,000-12,000 ft., Stafford 668;

Je"sus-Chiquata, alt. 3,100 m., Vargas 8091.

This endemic is unusual in having essentially red flowers.

Calceolaria plectranthifolia Walp., Nova Acta Acad. Nat.

Cur. 19 (Suppl. 1): 395. 1843.

Small, much-branched, caespitose or subcaespitose shrublet, with

the leaves densely congested. Leaf-blades on basally expanded,

ochraceous petioles up to 5 mm. long, oblong or obovate, ca. 2 cm.

long and 1 cm. wide, margin doubly dentate, rugose above, reticulate

venose and brown-puberulent beneath; floral leaves usually entire;

inflorescences dichotomously branching, many-flowered; pedicels and

FLORA OF PERU 621

calyx lobes very sparsely pilose or glabrous; base of the calyx densely

pilose, lobes oblong, obtuse, the posterior larger than the others;

corolla yellow, 8-10 mm. in diameter, upper lip minute, lower lip

globose, inflated; filaments much longer than the equal-celled anthers.

Description from Kranzlin and type photograph. Originally col-

lected by Meyen in Arequipa.

Calceolaria procera Pennell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 97:

154. 1945.

Tall shrub, at least the lower nodes longer than the sessile or very

short-petiolate leaves, young growth puberulent, becoming glabrate

with age. Leaf blades widely linear or oblinear, mostly 3-7 cm. long

and 3-8 mm. wide, subacute to rounded at apex, attenuate at base,

sparsely denticulate to entire, slightly revolute, dark green and gla-

brous above, paler and puberulent beneath; petioles when present

1 cm. long, narrowly connate across the nodes; inflorescences paired

cymes from upper leaf-axils; bracts lanceolate, bractlets shorter, a

little wider, bracts, bractlets and calyx yellow (at least in life) ; pedi-

cels and peduncles glabrous, peduncles ca. 3 cm. long about equaling

the combined length of the secondary peduncles and pedicels, all

flower stalks more or less puberulent; sepals ovate, apex rounded, ca.

10 mm. long, pubescent on both surfaces; corolla darker yellow than

bracts and calyx, minutely puberulent proximally, upper lip ca. 2-3

mm. long, lower lip 10-20 mm. long (mostly 16-20 mm.), saccate less

than half its length, non-saccate part internally puberulent and also

hirsute at the orifice with much longer hairs; anthers 5 mm. long,

cells divergent (sagittately so) or divaricate, unequal, at least two

times longer than wide; style ca. 3 mm. long, thickened on lower

half and also pubescent, apically curved, ovary pubescent; capsule

little shorter than the calyx, ca. 8 mm. long, globose-ovoid, eglandu-

lar, pubescent.

Cuzco: Prov. Urubamba, Lucumayo Valley, alt. 1,800-3,600 m.,

Cook & Gilbert 1315; Prov. Calca, below Lares, Weberbauer 7891.

This endemic in the two provinces of Dept. Cuzco is unusual in

having yellow floral leaves.

Calceolaria pseudoscabra Edwin, Phytologia 19: 392. 1970.

Coarse perennial herb, erect, branched, foliage, stems and branches

drying brown, stems and branches glandular-puberulent. Leaves

mixed glandular and eglandular-puberulent, sessile or less often

short-petiolate, ovate to broadly elliptically ovate, mostly 2.0-3.5

622 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

cm. long and 1.0-2.1 mm. wide, margins revolute, crenate, narrowed

to an obtuse apex, base broadly obtuse, tissue scabrous, costa ele-

vated and prominent beneath; young inflorescences arising in pairs

from the upper leaf -axils, cymose, few-flowered; peduncles glandular-

pubescent, 2-5 times longer than the pedicels; bracts and bracteoles

reduced floral leaves, bracts occasionally with a pair of lobes near

the base; calyx lobes mixed glandular- and eglandular-pubescent on

both surfaces, elliptic-ovate, long-acute, 4-5 mm. long and ca. 3.5

mm. wide; corolla yellow, upper lip glabrous, 1-2 mm. long; lower

lip externally short-glandular-puberulent, saccate over most of its

length, 13-15 mm. long and about 5 mm. wide, a tuft of white hairs

present at base within; stamens short, anthers large for the small

corolla, anther cells divaricate, unequal, usually at least twice as long

as wide, the larger 1.8-2.0 mm. long, the smaller 1.2-1.5 mm.; style

ca. 1.5 mm. long, thickened, ovary glandular; capsule unknown.

Cajamarca: Wet place, alt. 2,700-2,900 m., mountain E. of Celen-

din, Pennell 15213 (PH).

Closest to Calceolaria scabra and C. variefolia, differing from the

former in being a much coarser plant with larger leaves and from the

latter in having the internodes much shorter as well as in growth

form, an herb as opposed to a shrub.

Calceolaria pulverulenta R. & P., Fl. Peruv. 1: 19. 1798.

Shrub, erect or scandent, stems and branches white-tomentose.

Leaves canescent above and more densely beneath, ovate or elliptical,

up to 5 cm. long and 2.3 mm. wide, crenulate or crenate, subacute to

acute apically, broadly acute to subobtuse basally, short-petiolate

or sessile; inflorescences paniculate, sometimes reaching 20 cm. long,

most often shorter, ultimate inflorescence branches corymbose or

dichasiate; calyx lobes externally canescent, internally with a distinct

row of hairs along the margins, ovate, 5-7 mm. long, acute; upper lip

of the yellow corolla, about twice as long as the calyx, lower lip 1.0-

1.2 cm. long and ca. 1.5 cm. wide, saccate about half its length; fila-

ments short, anther cells equal, drying black or dark brown.

No specimens seen. Reported from northern and north-central

Peru and also from Ecuador. Killip & Smith 2^377 from Junin,

alt. 2,700-3,200 ft., may possibly pertain here.

Calceolaria pumila Edwin, Phytologia 19: 393. 1970.

Tiny unbranched herb up to 6 cm. tall, the simple stem densely

glandular-pubescent, bearing 1-3 pairs of oblong or ovate leaves.

FLORA OF PERU 623

Leaf blades sessile, entire, up to 1.2 cm. long and 0.8 cm. wide, usually

reaching 0.9 cm. by 0.7 cm., puberulent-pubescent on both surfaces;

flowers solitary, pedicellate, terminal or in the upper leaf -axils, tiny,

up to 7 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, yellow; pedicels short, up to 7-8

mm. long, glandular-pubescent; calyx lobes elliptical, acute, 3.0-

3.5 mm. long and 1.5-2.2 mm. wide, externally glandular-pubescent;

upper lip of the glabrous corolla ca. 2 mm. long, lower lip 5 mm. long,

sac laterally placed the length of the lip but only about 0.5 mm. thick

medianly from the distal end; stamens very small, filaments thick-

ened, less than 1.0 mm. long, anther cells equal, drying white to light

yellow, each anther ca. 1.0-1.2 mm. long, each cell a little longer than

wide, divaricate; style thickened, ca. 1.0 mm. long, ovary sparsely

glandular-puberulent; capsule elliptical, sparsely glandular-puberu-

lent, 6.0-6.5 mm. long and 2.0-2.5 mm. wide, much exceeding the

calyx.

This taxon has the smallest flowers of any in Peru.

Known only from the type specimen.

Cajamarca: Rocky limestone on ridge 11 km. S. of Cajamarca,

alt. 2,750-2,850 m., Pennell & Anderson 15078 (PH).

Since the sheet is not marked, unicate isotypes are probable.

A unique taxon in the genus, at least in Peru. No close relative

is known at this time.

Calceolaria ramosissima Kranzl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 1:

107. 1905; non 1913.

Vining shrub, newer wood pubescent, older ultimately glabrous,

much branched, branches ascending, drying brown to dark purple-

brown. Leaves ovate, opposite or ternate, little longer than wide to

almost twice as long as wide, 0.8-3.0 cm. long and 0.5-1. 5(-2.0) cm.

wide, pubescent on both surfaces, serrate, occasionally serrate-den-

tate, apically narrowed, basally obtuse to very broadly obtuse; in-

florescences terminal and in the axils of the upper leaves, dichasiate,

few to several-flowered; flower stalks pubescent, up to about 1 cm.

long; calyx lobes dimorphic, ovate, usually obtuse and venose, 2.5-

3.5 mm. long and 2.0-2.5 mm. wide, or lanceolate, usually acute and

veins obscure, 2.5-3.5 mm. long and 1.5-2.0 mm. wide, mostly pu-

bescent on both surfaces, especially at the margins; corolla yellow,

minutely and densely pilose, 10-15 mm. long, upper lip much shorter

than the calyx lobes, lower lip saccate a little less than half way,

nectary on the upper margin of the sac, thickened and very narrow,

lip usually less than half as wide as long, even distally; anther cells

624 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

reniform, approaching twice as long as wide, each pair less than

3 mm. long on thickened, short filaments; style 1-2 mm. long, ovary

mostly few-glandular, glands sessile, golden resinous; capsule ovoid

about as long as the calyx, gradually and evenly tapering to the acute

apex, vesture as the ovary.

Ancash: Chiquian, Prov. Bolognesi, alt. 3,220 m., Ferreyra 5698,

Stony puna, S. slope of Paso de la Fortale"za, alt. 3,550-3,600 m.;

Pennell 15395; Thickety bank below Chiquian, alt. 3,200-3,300 m.,

Pennell 15404- — Cajamarca: Sandy soil on cumbra above Cajamarca,

alt. 3,500 m., Olsson 2a; 6 miles N. of Cajamarca, on road to Chota,

sandy soil, alt. 2,800 m., Olsson 1+a; Road from Cajamarca to Celen-

din, alt. 2,750-4,000 m., Scolnik 1314. — Lima: between Matucana

and Surco, Prov. Huarochiri, alt. 2,100-2,200 m., Ferreyra 7599.

The southernmost collections (Ancash and Lima) possess the

lanceolate sepals.

Calceolaria ranunculoides Kranzl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 1:

97. 1905.

Annual herb in wet to dry places, stems rooting freely, prostrate

or ascending, plant frequently glandular-pubescent, glands often

black. Leaves variably petiolate; petioles descrete; blades long-

petiolate below and petioles decreasing in length to the apex, or

sometimes blades all sessile or subsessile, variable in shape and size,

mostly ovate and dentate or lobed up to the middle, ovate and doubly

dentate to entire above the middle, all blades occasionally varying

to deeply lobate or subpinnatifid, from 1 to 6 cm. long or even longer

(petiole included); flowers most often borne singly on the ends of

short branches, occasionally in few-flowered dichasia; pedicels up to

5 cm. long, glandular-pubescent; calyx lobes ovate, 6.5-8.5 mm. long,

acute, glandular-pubescent; corolla yellow often glandular-pubescent

on both surfaces, sometimes only externally, upper lip 5-7 mm. long,

lower up to 3.0 cm. long, usually 2.0-2.5 cm. long, saccate about

two-thirds its length, sac large, much inflated; filaments short, an-

ther cells very unequal, upper fertile cell much larger than the lower

cell which is sometimes sterile, connective longer than the cells; style

ca. 1.5-2.0 mm. long; capsules ovoid, acute, from as long as to 1^

times longer than the calyx, glandular-pubescent.

Amazonas: Colcamar, valley below jalca, alt. 3,300 m., Pennell

15640; Puente de Pipos, on Rio Sonche, opposite Daguas, E. of

Chachapoyas, alt. 2,000-2,100 m., Pennell 15755; "Hidalgo," below

FLORA OF PERU 625

Chachapoyas, alt. 1,800 m., Tarnawiecki for Pennell 15912. — An-

cash: Consuzo, Prov. Pallasca, alt. 3,700 m., Lopez 2384', Above

Racrachaca, Prov. Bolognesi, alt. 3,300-3,400 m., Ferreyra 7511;

Usger, below Chiquian, alt. 3,250-3,300 m., Ferreyra 7560; Huaraz,

alt. 3,000 m., Pennell 15301; Chancos, alt. 3,000-3,200 m., Pennell

15311; 15317; Copa grande, N. of Chancos, alt. 3,250 m., Pennell

15361 ; in stream and bog, Colcas, alt. 2,500-2,600 m., Pennell 15385;

Paso de la Fortale"za, alt. 3,550 m., Pennell 15396. — Cajamarca,

Hacienda Limon, Carricker s.n.; NE. of Cajamarca, alt. 3,650 m.,

Pennell 15143; Along streams on jalca, CordiUera de Cumulloa, to

Celendin, alt. 3,400-3,500 m., Pennell 15168; Mountain E. of Celen-

din, alt. 2,600-2,700 m., Pennell 15199; Llacanora, alt. 2,550-2,600

m., Pennell 15490; 15-20 km. above Cajabamba, alt. 2,900 m., Pen-

nell & Ferreyra 14582; 10 km. above Cajabamba, 2,900 m., Pennell

& Ferreyra 14662; SW. of Cajamarca, alt. 2,800 m., Pennell & Reich-

lin 15022. — Cuzco: Macchu-picchu, Valley of Rio Urubamba, ruins,

Ugent & Ugent 5340. — Huanuco: Dist. Churubamba, trail Puente

Durand to Exito, Que"brada de Gaza, alt. 1,450 m., Mexia 8244-—

Junin: Huacapistana, alt. 1,800-2,400 m., KilUp & Smith 24095;

Pichis Trail, Enenas, alt. 1,600-1,900 m., Killip & Smith 25768;

Huancayo, alt. 3,317 m., Soukup 3001. — La Libertad: Above Motil,

dry open jalca, alt. 3,200 m., Pennell & Ferreyra 14847; Wet cliff,

3-4 km. above Huamachuco, alt. 3,250 m., Pennell & Ferreyra 14871 ;

W. edge of Huamachuco, alt. 3,050 m., Straw 2527. — Lima: Chosica,

alt. 800 m., Soukup 2051. — Sin. Dept.: Chasqui, Macbride 3294-

The description here is much broader than that of Kranzlin who

saw far less material. The texture as well as the size, shape, and

margins of the leaves is quite variable. The blades are thinly char-

taceous to very firm or almost subcoriaceous. The thin leaves are

most frequently the larger.

This taxon may be conspecific with Calceolaria aquatica Brown

and Bouch6 of Bolivia but is provisionally held distinct on the bases

of vesture and venation differences.

Calceolaria reichlinii Edwin, Phytologia 19: 394. 1970.

Shrub erect and branched, wood, leaves, flower stalks, and calyces

more or less densely beset with long, silvery, soft hairs (lanate), the

leaves beneath and calyx lobes most densely so, the vesture some-

times fugitive with age, usually eglandular except occasionally for

the corolla and frequently the ovary. Leaves most often linear or

626 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

aciculiform, occasionally broadening to lance-ovate, sessile or almost

so, the vesture frequently completely obscuring the tissue beneath,

margins mostly entire, revolute, obtuse apically, blades sessile; in-

florescences 1- to few-flowered; flower stalks up to 2 cm. long, usually

less; calyx-lobes elliptical or elliptically ovate, rarely ovate, 5-8 mm.

long, and up to 4 mm. wide, acute, the tissue frequently completely

obscured by the vesture externally, glabrous or sometimes with a

few hairs paralleling the margins or very rarely a few glands present

internally; corolla yellow, variable in size, 12-25 (-28) mm. long,

externally glabrous or few-glandular, rarely papillose, saccate more

than half its length, internally glabrous; anther cells unequal, 2 or

more times longer than wide, completely divaricate, each pair of cells

up to 4 mm. long, septum thickened; style 2-4 mm. long, glandular

at base; ovary glandular-pubescent or long-pubescent, rarely merely

few-glandular; capsule narrowly conic-ovoid, about as long as the

calyx, vesture as the ovary, blunt at the apex, attenuate, style per-

sisting.

Common in Dept. Cajamarca, in the Andes of northern Peru and

three collections also seen just to the south in Dept. Libertad.

Cajamarca: Dry banks (volcanic soil), 15-20 km. above Caja-

bamba, alt. 2,900 m., Pennell & Ferreyra 14,853', Prov. Cajabamba,

km. 38, N. of Huanachuco, near Cajabamba, alt. 2,900-3,000 m.,

Ferreyra 301+1+; On cumbre above Cajamarca, alt. 3,500 m., Olsson 2;

6 miles N. of Cajamarca on road to Chota, sandy soil, alt. 2,800 m.,

Olsson 1+, pro. parte; Celendin-Balsas road-km. 124, Olsson 1+a;

Mountain E. of Celendin, alt. 2,700-3,000 m., Pennell 15173; Alt.

2,400-2,800 m., Pennell 15177; Rocky calcareous hillside, NE. of

Cajamarca, alt. 2,600-2,700 m., Pennell 15230; Rocky limestone

ridge, 11 km. S. of Cajamarca, alt. 2,750-2,850 m., Pennell & Ander-

son 15082; Cliff about 10 km. above Cajamarca, alt. 3,200 m., Pen-

nell & Ferreyra 11+865; Open jalca, Paso de Gavilan, S. of Cajamarca,

alt. 3,000-3,300 m., Pennell & Ferreyra 11+959; Jalca SW. of Caja-

marca, alt. 2,700 m., Pennell & Reichlin 11+981; Stony limestone,

Michiquillo, alt. 3,100 m., Pennell & Reichlin 15031+; Alt. 2,750-4,000

m., on the Cajamarca-Celendin road, Scolnik 1308. — Libertad: 2-3

km. above Otuzco, Trujillo-Otuzco road, alt. 2,500 m., Ferreyra 2977;

Sandy area, S. of Otuzco, alt. 2,500 m., Pennell & Ferreyra 11+820;

km. 82 W. and below Agallpampa, alt. 2,900 m., Pennell & Ferreyra

11+832.

This species is close to C. linearis R. & P. The latter differs in

having much shorter and sparser indument, apically acute leaves,

FLORA OF PERU 627

usually dichasiate inflorescences, shorter calyx segments that are in-

ternally pilose, minute upper lip of the corolla, and much shorter

style.

Calceolaria revoluta Penn., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 97:

165, PL ISA. 1945.

Glandless, erect or ascending, branched shrub, ascending-pubes-

cent or puberulent on the wood and in the inflorescence. Leaves

linear or linear-oblanceolate, 2.0-2.5 (-3.0) cm. long and 2-3 (-5) mm.

wide, margin entire, revolute, blade minutely appressed-pilose above,

paler and minutely tomentose beneath; petiole ca. 1 mm. long, white-

villose, basally indurate and narrowly connate; inflorescences ter-

minal, clustered, usually 1-compound cymes; peduncles up to 2-3 cm.

long below, appressed-pubescent as the 7-15 mm. long pedicels;

bracts lanceolate, smaller than the leaves, bractlets minute or want-

ing; sepals yellow in life, yellow-green when dry, ovate, 4-5 mm. long,

entire, acute to subobtuse, finely appressed-puberulent; corolla yel-

low, externally finely puberulent, upper lip ca. 3-4 mm. long, hooded,

lower lip to 19 (-22) mm. long, saccate less than half its length, inter-

nally on the lower surface a tuft of hair at the orifice, crossed with

red, dot-like marking above the tuft and then distally minutely

puberulent; anther cells subparallel to little diverging (1.5)2.0-3.0

mm. long, usually equal, occasionally a little unequal, acute above

the septum which parts at dehiscence; style 4-5 mm. long, basally

pubescent, apically curved, ovary densely pubescent; capsule ovoid-

subconic, 4-5 mm. long, ca. equaling the calyx, densely pubescent

with upcurving indument.

Cuzco: Valley of Paucartambo, alt. 3,400 m., Herrera 2991 ; Pau-

cartambo to Ire's Cruces, Cerro de Cusilluyoc, alt. 3,300-3,500 m.,

Pennell 13802 (Isotypes F; PH; US); Paso de Tre"s Cruces, Cerro

de Cusilluyoc, paramo, alt. 3,800-3,900 m., Pennell 13885; Pampa

Corral (Lares), Prov. Calca, alt. 3,400 m., Vargas 3208; Que"brada

de Llulluchayocc, Prov. Paucartambo, river bank, alt. 3,650 m.,

Vargas J>282; Below Lares, alt. 3,100-3,200 m., Weberbauer 7891.—

Sin. Loc.: Diehl2533.

Calceolaria rhacodes Kranzl. in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. 50: Beibl.

Ill, 71. 1913.

Shrub to occasionally herbaceous, most often erect, older stems

and branches glabrate, younger usually pilose, drying violet, usually

well-branched, internodes increasing in length toward the base.

628 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Leaves broadly ovate in outline, occasionally oblong-ovate, up to

6 cm. long and about 4 cm. wide, vesture variable, from sparsely

puberulent on both surfaces to densely lanose beneath, upper sur-

face usually sparsely pubescent, 5-7-lobed, the lobes frequently den-

tate, blades broadly acute at apex, truncate to shallowly cordate

basally, occasionally broadly obtuse, lowermost subsessile, upper and

median on petioles up to 2 cm. long; inflorescences variable, irregu-

larly corymbose or dichasiate, or simply cymose or flowers merely

singly paired; bracts of the basal branches of the inflorescences foli-

ose; pedicels and peduncles thin, densely glandular-pilose, peduncles

up to about 2 cm. long, rarely longer; calyx externally glandular-

pilose or pilose, with 2-3-celled hairs, lobes ovate, narrowly obtuse,

5.0-6.5 mm. long; corolla yellow, 16-30 (-35) mm. long, varying in

length from plant to plant but closely fixed on a single plant, mi-

nutely glandular-pilose, upper lip shorter than the calyx, lower sac-

cate more than half way, distally almost as wide as long; anther

cells two or more times longer than wide, wholly divaricate, usually

large for the corolla, each pair up to 5-6 mm. long, cells of a pair

equal or unequal; style ca. 3.0-3.5 mm. long, glabrous, apically

curved, ovary glandular, shorter than the style; capsule oblong-

ovoid, shorter than the calyx, apically rounded or obtuse, neck lack-

ing, style persisting.

Ancash: Cerro S. of Chiquian, Capillapunta, alt. 3,540 m., Fer-

reyra 5725', Cerro E. of Chiquian, alt. 3,400-3,500 m., Ferreyra 7338.

— Ayacucho: Above Puquio, Prov. Lucanas, alt. 3,400-3,500 m.,

Ferreyra 5508; Marcahuasi, above Puquio, alt. 3,400-3,450 m., Fer-

reyra 7212; Coracora, alt. 3,200 m., Weberbauer 5809 (Isotypes PH;

US); 6038; 6040; 6400.— Libertad: Usquil, Prov. Otuzco, alt. 3,000-

3,100 m., Ferreyra 7641 ; 7649 ; Agallpampa, alt. 3,200 m., Lopez 0337.

—Lima: Prov. Huarochiri, above Surco, alt. 2,800-3,000 m., Fer-

reyra 699; 3446; Alt. 3,200-3,300 m., 6094; Alt. 3,000 m., Hrdlicka

s.n.; Matucana, alt. ca. 9,000 ft., Macbride & Featherstone 468; S.

of Surco, alt. 2,700-3,000 m., Pennell & Ferreyra 15257.— Piura:

Palambla, alt. 3,500 m., Carricker s.n.; Above Canchaqui, alt. 1,700-

1,900 m., Pennell & Ferreyra 14911. — Sin. Dept.: Al Paso del Indio,

alt. 3,000 m., Ochoa 1625.

Calceolaria rhizomatosa Kranzl. in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. 50:

Beibl. Ill, 70. 1913.

Repent, twining or erect shrub with a woody rhizome, usually

with more branches above than below, sometimes (ex desc.) sub-

FLORA OF PERU 629

caespitose, wood strigulose and puberulent. Leaves sessile or short-

petiolate, oblong or lance-ovate, mostly 2-3 cm. long and up to 1 cm.

wide, occasionally lower leaves on the stem reaching 5 cm. long and

almost 2 cm. wide, entire to distantly, minutely dentate, narrowed

to base and apex, short-pilose above, punctate and glabrous beneath,

except on the veins; inflorescences branched, arising from the axils

of the upper leaves; peduncles up to 4 cm. long; pedicels 1.5 cm. long,

both stalks puberulent; bracts lanceolate, conspicuous; flowers yel-

low, ca. 18-20 mm. long; calyx lobes broadly ovate, acute, ca. 5-6

mm. long, puberulent on both surfaces; upper lip of the corolla ca.

1.3-2.5 mm. long, lower lip ca. 16 mm. long, saccate less than half

its length, proximally white-puberulent externally beneath, sparsely

long-pubescent proximally within and with a tuft of hair at the long

orifice; anther cells equal, ca. 3 times longer than wide, plane or

downturned distally, divaricate or divergent; style ca. 2 mm. long;

semimature ovary ovate. (Ex. desc.)

Ayacucho: Near Coracora, Prov. Parinacochas, alt. 3,200 m.,

Weberbauer 5803, Isotype; Below Totorabamba, Prov. Huamanga,

alt. 3,300-3,400 m., Weberbauer 5478.

Calceolaria rhododendroides Kranzl. Pflanzenr. 4(257c): 88,

fig. 17, 0-6. 1907.

Small, erect, branched shrublet to 50 cm. tall, older wood sparsely

pilose, younger wood densely lanate. Leaves short-petiolate, sub-

dense, younger blades, densely lanate above and beneath, older be-

coming glabrous except for the revolute margins and midvein, ovate,

1.2-1.8 cm. long and 4-6 mm. wide, acute at apex, little dimidiate

at base, rigid, midvein beneath wide and prominent, older leaves

f errugineous below with bright, green venation ; inflorescences in up-

permost leaf-axils of the branches, few-flowered cymes ; flower stalks

densely lanate; calyx segments lanate externally at least on lower

half, glandular internally, elliptic, obtuse, ca. 4 mm. long and 2 mm.

wide; corolla yellow, densely pilose, 13-17 mm. long, upper lip

hooded, 2-3 mm. long, lower lip obovate, dilated, sac shorter than

the open part; filaments short, anther locules equal, only little longer

than wide, large, walls and septa thickened; style 5-7 mm. long,

ovary densely beset with long, gland-tipped, golden-brown hair.

Only fragments of the type seen, description largely after Kranzlin

(1907).

Cajamarca: Between Cajamarca and Celendin, alt. 3,700-3,800

m., Weberbauer

630 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Calceolaria rosmariniifolia Lam., Encycl. 1: 556. 1783. C. jer-

ruginea Cav., Icon. 5: 27, t. 4.4-5, fig. 1. 1799. C. graminifolia HBK.,

Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 386. 1817. C. bifida Willd. ex Link, in Spreng.,

Bot. Jahrb. 1: 52. 1820. C. hartwegii Benth., PI. Hartweg. 147. 1844.

Erect, sparsely or wholly unbranched subshrub, sometimes herba-

ceous or vine-like above, wood glabrous below, sparsely to densely

pilose or glandular-pilose above. Leaves sessile and often narrowly

connate, linear to lance-linear, 5-10 cm. long and 6-10 mm. wide,

entire and often revolute, apex acuminate, glabrous, often shining

and glutinous above, usually tomentose or pilose beneath; inflores-

cences in upper leaf-axils, paniculate, the basal stalks repeatedly

branching; peduncles and pedicels glandular-pilose and often also

glutinous ; calyces broadly ovate to triangular-ovate, glandular-pilose

or occasionally merely glutinous-puberulent, 3.5-4.0 mm. long and

3.0-3.5 mm. wide, sometimes as long as wide; corolla yellow, glandu-

lar-pilose externally, sparsely so internally or varying to wholly gla-

brous, 13-15 mm. long, upper lip little shorter to little longer than

the calyx, lower lip 2-3 times longer than the upper; filaments short,

anther cells equal, almost as wide as long to 1.5 times longer than

wide; style 2-3 mm. long, ovary glutinous, papillose to puberulent.

Only fragments seen, description after Kranzlin.

Sin. Dept.: At the foot of Chimborazo, alt. 3,600 m., Bonpland

3145; near Tarca, alt. 2,800 m., Bonpland 3204- This species is also

known from Ecuador.

Calceolaria rugulosa Edwin, Phytologia 19: 395. 1970.

Erect, branched, pilose-tomentose shrub, stems appressed-pilose

below, tomentose above, and with the leaves drying light brown, the

leaves also sometimes drying brown-green, tomentum densest on

young growth. Leaves opposite or ternate, ovate or elliptic-ovate,

occasionally elliptical (1.5-)3. 0-5.0 cm. long and (1.0)2.0-3.5 cm.

wide, margins plane, serrate to doubly serrate, sometimes grossly so,

narrowed to an acute apex, obtuse to broadly obtuse at base, rugose

or rugulose, pilose above, tomentose beneath, sometimes, especially

when young, the vesture obscuring the leaf tissue, often with golden-

yellow glands intermixed beneath; petioles l-4(-6) mm. long,

thickened, woody, densely tomentose, usually narrowly connate; in-

florescences in upper leaf-axils and also terminal, many-flowered,

compound dichasia or corymbose; flower stalks densely long-soft-

pubescent; bracts merely reduced leaves; calyx tube and lobes densely

pilose externally, glabrous internally, lobes ovate or broadly ovate,

FLORA OF PERU 631

acute, 6-8 mm. long; corolla yellow, up to 1 cm. long, externally very

short-puberulent, internally glabrous; upper lip 1-2 mm. long; lower

lip ca. 6-8 mm. long, saccate only 1-2 mm. ; anther cells equal, each

pair ca. 2.0-2.2 mm. long, almost twice as long as wide; style thin,

glabrous, 1.0-1.5 mm. long, ovary glandular; capsule ovoid-conic, a

little shorter and loosely invested by the calyx, apically long-acute,

sparsely golden glandular.

Cajamarca: Rock cliff below Llama, alt. 1,800-1,850 m., Pennell

15917, (US); Earth bank, Llama, alt. 1,850 m., Pennell 15916.

This taxon is related to C, aperta Edwin, but it is morphologically

quite distinct.

Calceolaria salicifolia R. & P., Fl. Peruv. 1: 18, t. 19, fig. b.

1798, non Morris, nee Griseb.

Erect shrub, or occasionally woody vine, essentially glabrous,

often up to 2 m. tall, glutinous and shining. Leaves petiolate, often

coriaceous, lanceolate, lance-elliptic or lance-ovate, very rarely a few

leaves ovate, often longer than 8 cm., occasionally not exceeding 3-

4 cm. long and usually not more than 2 cm. wide, rarely reaching

4 cm., margins closely and sharply serrate or doubly serrate, rarely

subentire, apex acute or long-acute, base subobtuse, sometimes di-

midiate, much darker above than beneath, often drying brown, veins

mostly apparent beneath, costa usually elevated ; inflorescences cor-

ymbs, dichasiate or dichasia, with two reduced leaf-like bracts at

the base and 2-3 bracteoles at the forking or branching of the pe-

duncles; both pedicels and peduncles elongate; flowers large for the

genus, up to 5 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide; calyx lobes most often

lance-elliptic and abruptly acuminate, varying to lance-ovate, the

anterior narrower than the others, 10-15 mm. long and 5-8 mm.

wide; upper lip of the yellow corolla 7-10 mm. long, hooded, margin

irregularly cut with rounded teeth; lower lip up to 3.7 cm. long and

2.5 cm. wide, saccate over most of its length, a tuft of white hairs

present internally at the base, the lower surface microscopically

glandular; filaments 3.5-4.5 mm. long, thickened, anther cells un-

equal, most often two or more times longer than wide, each pair

7-9 (-10) mm. long; style thickened, uncurved apically, 6-8 mm.

long, ovary glutinous; capsule only little more than half as long as

the calyx, glabrous, very broadly urceolate but the neck little con-

stricted, median locular suture present as a sulcation.

Amazonas: Cerro Tinaja, alt. 3,200 m., Ochoa 1684', 1687; Moun-

tains E. of Balsas, alt. 10,000 ft., Osgood & Anderson 75; Cold moun-

632 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

tain forest above Colcamar, alt. 3,200-3,300 m., Pennell 15623;

Bushy paramillo, Cerro Puma-urco SE. of Chachapoyas, alt. 3,000-

3,500 m., Pennell 15673; Open cold swamp on summit of Cerros de

Calla-Calla, alt. 3,500-3,750 m., Wurdack 1193; Summit and upper-

most slopes of Cerros de Calla-Calla, near Kms. 403-407 Balsas-

Leimebamba road, alt. 3,400-3,550 m., Wurdack 1710. — Huanuco:

15 m. SE. of Huanuco, 10,500 ft., Macbride & Featherstone 2110;

2122; Between Kms. 46-48 Huanuco-Panao, alt. 3,000 m., Ochoa

1105; Alt. 2,750 m., Skolnik 1062; Pillao, alt. 2,700 m., Woytkowski

47. — Junin: Sunny grass -shrub slope, alt. ca. 9,000 ft., Macbride &

Featherstone 1604- — Libertad: In open pasture above (NE) Cachica-

don, Prov. Santiago de Chuco, alt. 2,700 m., Stork & Horton 9987.

—Sin. Loc.: Dombey 308; Ruiz & Pawn s.n. (two collections).

Calceolaria santalinoides Kranzl. in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. 50:

Beibl. Ill, 73. 1914.

Differs from C. incarum Kranzl. as in the key and also in having

smaller leaf blades and less densely glandular and shorter pubescent

wood ; inflorescences few-flowered and with the ultimate flower stalks

(pedicels) among the largest in the genus, the bizarre leaved species

excepted.

This taxon is known from collections in Southern Peru in Depts.

Ayacucho, Arequipa, and Tacna. It is closely allied to C. incarum

and the two taxa form a vicarious pair, separated by the middle pass

(Morococha-Ticlas) of the Peruvian Andes. The original material

was found in Argentina.

Arequipa: Vulcan Chachain, alt. 3,000 m., Rauh-Hirsch P575.—

Ayacucho: between Nazca and Puquio, near Lucanas, alt. 3,200-

3,300 m., Ferreyra 5474; Puquio Valley, alt. 3,200 m., Rauh-Hirsch

P419; S. of Chavina, alt. 3,200 m., Weberbauer 5781 ; Alto de Tacora,

Isern 2018. — Tacna: Prov. Tarata, dry granite, rock wall, 8 km. on

trail from Candarave to Puno, alt. 3,250 m., Metcalf 30385.

Calceolaria sarmentosa Kranzl. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 1: 37.

1905.

Usually repent, simple herb, varying to suberect and branched,

sometimes dwarfing, ca. 10-15 cm. tall, when erect, stems sparsely

pubescent. Leaves short-petiolate, blades ovate or elliptically ovate

in outline, only rarely reaching 3 cm. long, usually 0.6-2.5 cm. long,

most often deeply 5-7-lobed, lower sometimes 2-3-lobed, upper oc-

casionally almost pluri-pinnate and margins coarsely, irregularly,

FLORA OF PERU 633

doubly dentate, sparsely pubescent above, paler and little or not at

all pubescent beneath; petioles up to 2 cm. long, most often densely

pubescent; plants flowering from upper leaf -axils only or over most

of their length, when apically aggregated the inflorescences irregu-

larly branched cymes; calyx lobes ovate or less often lance-ovate,

4-6 mm. long, acute, varying from glabrous to glandular-pubescent

on one or both sides, pubescence frequently lost at time of fruiting;

corolla yellow, glabrous or occasionally puberulent externally, 18-

30 mm. long, upper lip 2-4 mm. long, lower saccate more than half

its length; one cell of each anther sterile and often wholly lacking,

connective shorter than the fertile cell, thickened; style persisting in

fruit, 1.5-2.0 mm. long, dilated at base at least in fruit; capsule occa-

sionally glandular-pubescent or pubescent, most often sparsely pu-

berulent to glabrous, much longer than the calyx, usually abruptly

narrowed to a long neck, sometimes only gradually tapering, either

ovoid-conic or ovoid-triangular.

Amazonas: Cerro Puma-urcu, SE. of Chachapoyas, alt. 3,400-

3,500 m., Pennell 15716. — Ancash: Rio Santa, opposite Huaraz,

along stream, alt. 3,000-3,150 m., Pennell 15331; Sin. Data, Weber-

bauer 3121 (type photograph), ex Kranzlin, lower part of Hacienda

Cajabamba between Samenco and Caraz. — Ayacucho: Pampalca

between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, alt. ca. 3,200 m., open hillside,

Killip & Smith 12257. — Cajamarca: SW. of Cajamarca, moist bank,

alt. 2,800 m., Pennell & Reichlin 15022. — Huanuco: Carpish, Chan-

cai, alt. 2,200 m., Vargas 5410.

Since this species is distinguished by a combination of leaf size,

flower size, and fruit size in relation to calyx size and, in addition,

since the few collections are so widely dispersed and, finally, since

this material is from such diverse habitats it seems not unlikely that

this taxon may be more apparent than real. However, at this time

it is retained because the material cited does not lend itself to place-

ment elsewhere. Further study of the entire subgenus is required.

Calceolaria scabra R. & P., Fl. Peruv. 1: 19, t. 29a. 1798.

C. melissifolia Benth. in DC., Prodr. 10: 214. 1846. C. glechomifolia

Kranzl. in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. 54: Beibl. 119, 20. 1917.

Variable, erect or ascending shrub, plant with dense vesture to

almost glabrous, stems and branches usually pubescent with 2-3-

celled, erect hairs, occasionally a few short, gland-tipped hairs inter-

mixed, sometimes wholly glabrous, the wood of the usually copiously

branched, densely foliaceous stem drying yellow to dark red. Leaves

634 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

mostly ovate to rhomboidal, occasionally obovate, not exceeding

3.5 cm. long, mostly 0.9-2.5 cm. long and from a few millimeters

wide to almost as wide as long, mostly pubescent above as the stem

and with more gland-tipped hairs intermixed beneath, the vesture

sometimes very dense, obscuring the tissue, rarely wholly glabrous,

margin plane or revolute, crenate or dentate, sometimes teeth prom-

inent, apex usually acute, base mostly cuneate to obtuse, tissue

bullate or plane, usually thickened, rarely chartaceous, sessile or al-

most so; flower 10-25 mm. long, solitary or in 2-3-flowered inflores-

cences, very rarely up to 10-12-flowered; peduncles and pedicels up

to 3 or more cm. long, usually glandular-pubescent; bracts reduced

or wanting; calyx lobes mostly glandular-pubescent on both sides,

sometimes only externally, ovate, acute, mostly 6-8 mm. long and

4-5 mm. wide at base; upper corolla lip minute to 3 mm. long, lower

yellow, frequently red-marked within, mostly pubescent with soft

hairs externally, glabrous internally, saccate more than half its

length, about a half to two-thirds as wide as long; filaments short,

anthers large for the corolla, divaricate, almost always at least 2

times longer than wide, cells unequal, septum and often the walls

thickened, mostly 4-6 mm. long, shorter in the smaller flowers; ovary

mostly pubescent or glandular-pubescent; capsule narrowly ovoid,

or lance-ovoid, a little shorter to longer than the calyx; vesture as

the ovary.

Widely distributed in the Andes from Cajamarca in the north to

Arequipa in the south. The taxon has not yet been reported from

the southernmost parts of Peru. The citations below are selected

from the copious available material.

Amazonas: Prov. Chachapoyas near Ubil6n between Chacha-

poyas and Leimebamba, alt. 1,500-2,000 m., Ferreyra 7120; alt.

2,400 m., N. of Chachapoyas, Pennell 15499; Cerro Puma-urcu,

alt. 2,500-2,600 m., Pennell 15519; Bushy slope, Taquia, E. of Cha-

chapoyas, alt. 2,400-2,500 m., Pennell 15584; SE. of Colcamar, alt.

2,050 m., Pennell 15597; lower slopes of Puma-urcu, above Hda. Sta.

Isabel, 1.5-2.0 km. SE. of Chachapoyas, alt. 2,400-2,500 m., Wur-

dack 436. — Ancash: Prov. Bolognesi, Cerro N. of Chiquian, alt.

3,540-3,560 m., Ferreyra 5608; above Aquia, alt. 3,250-3,300 m.,

Ferreyra 7516; below Chiquian, alt. 3,200-3,300 m., Pennell 15490;

toward El Huascaran, N. of Yungay, alt. 2,850-2,900 m., Pennell

15426. — Arequipa: Moquegua Prov., Rainy-green formation, alt.

3,200 m., Weberbauer 7992. — Ayacucho: Pampalca between Huanta

FLORA OF PERU 635

and Rio Apurimac, alt. about 3,200 m., Killip & Smith 22222; 23280.

— Cajamarca: Cajabamba, Carricker s.n.; Limestone rocks, NE. of

Cajamarca, alt. 3,500 m., Pennell 15139; Limestone rocks NE. of

Cordillera de Cumulloa to Celendin, alt. 3,500-3,600 m., Pennell

1515^; mountain E. of Celendin, alt. 2,700-3,000 m., Pennell 15175;

Quinamayo, alt. 3,500-3,600 m., Pennell & Reichlin 1504-8. — Huan-

cavelica: Prov. Huancavelica, 3 km. SE. of Conaica, alt. 3,560-

3,590 m., Tovar 94; Bunbunya, W. of Conaica, alt. 3,700-3,750 m.,

Tovar 319. — Junin: Near Huancayo, open rocky hillside, alt. 3,300-

3,500 m., Killip & Smith 22133; Limestone cliff ledges, La Oroya,

alt. ca. 12,000 ft., Macbride & Featherstone 972; Limestone, Tarma,

alt. ca. 13,000 ft., Macbride & Featherstone 1059; Mito, alt. ca. 9,000

ft., Macbride & Featherstone 1472; Incahuasi, Soukup 3181 ; Mantaro

Valley, near Huachiacna, alt. 3,200-3,300 m., Weberbauer 6552 —

Libertad: Prov. Otusco: Usquil, alt. 3,000-3,100 m., Ferreyra 7637.

— Sin. Loc.: Ruiz & Pavon s.n.

Calceolaria scandens Pennell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 97:

164. 1945.

Climbing shrub with elongated, yellowish-brown, glandular-pu-

bescent stems. Leaves petiolate, ovate, 5-6 cm. long and 3-4 cm.

wide, acute, dentate, minutely pilose above, puberulent beneath and

reticulate- veined, cordate at base; petioles 15-25 mm. long, glandu-

lar-pubescent, basally thickened and connate across the nodes; in-

florescences of compound cymes; bracts petioled, bractlets smaller,

both of these foliose but less cordate than cauline leaves; flower stalks

glandular-pubescent; basal peduncles 6-8 cm. long; remaining stalks

decreasing in length to the 20-30 mm. pedicels; sepals lanceolate,

8-9 mm. long, acuminate, sparsely ciliolate; corolla yellow, exter-

nally glabrous; upper lip ca. 1.5 mm. long, lower lip ca. 16-19 mm.

long, saccate less than half its length, few hairs inside near the orifice;

anther cells equal, divaricate, each pair ca. 2.5 mm. long, little longer

than wide, dehiscing through the septum; style 1.5 mm. long, api-

cally curved.

Cuzco: Ollantaitambo, alt. 3,000 m., Cook & Gilbert 750 (US).

Calceolaria scapiflora (R. & P.) Benth. in DC., Prodr. 10: 207.

1846. Jovellana scapiflora R. & P., Fl. Peruv. 1: 13, t. 18, f.6. 1798.

Calceolaria mathewsii Benth. I.e. 207. C. scapiflora subsp. dentifolia

Pennell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 97: 152, t. 7a. 1945.

636 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Plants acaulescent, the radical, rosulate leaves ovate, flowers soli-

tary on pedicels mostly 2-10 cm. long. Leaves usually laxly pubes-

cent on one or both surfaces, 1.0-2.5 (-3.5) cm. long, from about half

to almost as wide as long, base attenuate, narrowly winging the short

petiole, margin subentire to dentate; pedicel glutinous, glandular-

pubescent or -puberulent; calyx lobes rarely 5, unequal, the anterior

longest and widest, ovate, 5-7 mm. long and 3.5-5.0 mm. wide, ex-

ternally puberulent, internally glabrous, venose; corolla yellow, red

dotted within, 16-28 mm. long, upper lip from little longer to twice

as long as the calyx, its short hood about as long as the sac of the

lower lip, from a little more than half as long to about as long and

wide as the lower lip that is saccate only up to one-eighth its length;

filaments ca. 2.5-3.5 mm. long, anther cells equal, parallel, about

three-fourths as wide as long; style from about half as long to longer

than the filaments, ovary obconic or obovate, wider than long.

Pasco: Uliachin Ridge, vicinity of Cerro de Pasco, alt. 14,800 ft.,

Jenks 38', Cerro de Pasco; alt. 14,000 ft., Macbride 3062. — Cuzco:

Urcos, alt. 15,000 ft., Stafford S. 43; Paruro, alt. 3,700-3,900 m.,

Vargas 843 (Isotype C. scapiflora subsp. dentifolia Pennell) ; Vargas

9819; Banks of the Checca River, Prov. Canas, Vargas 11009.—

Junin: Between Tarma and Jauja, alt. 4,500 m., Killip & Smith

21967; Puna, Mt. La Juntay, near Huancayo, alt. 4,700 m., Killip &

Smith 22100; Incahuasi, alt. 4,000 m., Soukup 3178. — Lima: Near

Antaicocha, Cerro Colorado E. of Canta, alt. 3,900-4,100 m., Pen-

nell 14662. — Sin. Dept. : Yauli, alt. ca. 13,000 ft., Macbride & Feather-

stone 909. — Sin. Loc.: Ruiz & Pawn, s.n.

Calceolaria serrata Lam., Illus 1: 51. 1783, non G. Don 1838.

Close to C. inflexa R. & P., differing in the following ways:

leaves up to 5 cm. long and 2 cm. wide; calyx lobes obtuse; upper lip

of the corolla minute; entire flower only up to 13 mm. long and 8 mm.

wide; foliage puberulent above and canescent beneath.

Reported from departments Lima, Cajamarca, and Amazonas, as

well as in Bolivia and Ecuador. None seen.

There is general agreement that C. serrata and C. deflexa are

closely allied or possibly conspecific. Their distinct geographic areas

indicates that we are dealing with two taxa.

Calceolaria sibthorpioides HBK., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 2: 382.

1817.

FLORA OF PERU 637

Procumbent herb, branches hispid-pilose. Leaves petiolate,

broadly ovate to subrotund, up to 1.5 cm. long and up to 1.1 cm.

wide, usually a little shorter and narrower, ca. 1.0 cm. long and 6-8

mm. wide, margins crenate, apex acute, base a little cordate, pilose

on both surfaces, especially on the venation beneath, lower surface

drying very pale, dull green; inflorescences corymbose or dichasiate,

terminal few-flowered; flower stalks glandular-pilose; calyx lobes ex-

ternally densely pilose, broadly ovate, 4-5 mm. long, almost as wide

at base, subacute to obtuse, margin ciliate; corolla yellow, sparsely

pilose, ca. 14-17 mm. long, sac of lower lip about 8-10 mm. wide

and deep, upper lip shorter than the calyx-lobes, lower lip 10-14 mm.

long, saccate less than half its length; anthers up to 3 mm. long, cells

equal, each cell about 1.8 times longer than wide; style ca. 2 mm.

long, ovary longer than the style, beset with short, erect hairs; cap-

sule not known.

Reported from Cajamarca (Hualgayoc) and Junin-Lima area

(Palca to Tarma) from 3,600-4,000 m. alt. The only specimen seen

(K) bears no data.

Calceolaria simulans Edwin, Phytologia 19: 395. 1970.

Herb, erect to repent, little- to much-branched, usually up to

25 cm. tall, sometimes only about 10 cm., upper parts of the stems

and branches more or less densely glandular- and eglandular-pubes-

cent, remaining parts of stems and branches glabrous to sparsely

eglandular-pubescent; upper leaves once or twice pinnate, lower very

variable, from dentate to lobed ; pinna dentate, sparsely mixed pubes-

cent beneath as the upper parts of the stems and branches; petioles

1-4 mm. long, pubescent as the lower surfaces of the pinnae; inflores-

cences terminal on the branches and stems, simple or once-branched,

few-flowered; bracts foliose, reduced; flower stalks up to 2.5 cm. long,

usually not exceeding 1.8 cm., vesture as the upper parts of the

branches; flowers yellow, small for the genus; calyx lobes a little

unequal, broadly ovate, 4-5 mm. long and 3-4 mm. wide, acute,

venose on both surfaces, red at base, sparsely glandular-puberulent

on the sinuate margins; corolla yellow, dark brown dotted, glabrous,

ca. 10-13 mm. long, upper lip 1.5-2.5 mm. long, lower lip 9-11 mm.

long, saccate a little more than half its length, proximal, non-

saccate part only little narrower than the distal saccate part;

stamens contiguous, small, anthers ca. 1.3-1.7 mm. long, little

shorter than the filament, cells equal or slightly unequal, divaricate,

little longer than wide, blackened basally near the septum; style very

638 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY— BOTANY, VOL. XIII

short, up to 1 mm. long, apically curved; capsule sparsely glandular-

puberulent, longer than the calyx, lance-ovoid, abruptly narrowed

to a long neck.

Distributed sporadically from Ancash to Ayacucho and lea.

Ancash: Chacchash near Chiquian, 3,220 m. alt., Ferreyra 5687;

Casca, below Chiquian, Prov. Bolognesi, alt. 3,100-3,200 m., Fer-

reyra 7307 (US). — Ayacucho: Pampalca between Huanta and Rio

Apurimac, alt. 3,200 m., open hillside, Killip & Smith 22210. — lea:

Pisco Valley, alt. 2,900 m., Rauh-Hirsch P390. — Lima: Rio Blanco,

wet E. slope, alt. ca. 15,000 ft., Macbride 3037.

This species has the foliage of subgenus Calceolaria and flowers

of subgenus Cheiloncos. It is provisionally placed in the latter group-

ing. In Peru, thus far, this is the only taxon known to bridge the

subgenera.

Calceolaria solanifolia Edwin, Phytologia 19: 397. 1970.

Erect, branched, densely tomentose shrub, up to about 2 m. tall.

Wood, the oldest excepted, leaves, petioles flower stalks and calyx

bases densely beset with short, curled, white to brown, velvety, often

matted hair; leaves ovate, sometimes lanate, up to 8 cm. long and

5 cm. wide, rarely entire, mostly subentire to serrate-serrulate, apex

acute, base obtuse, dark green above, light yellow-green beneath,

veins very apparent to almost concolorous beneath; petioles 1.5-

2.5 cm. long, thickened, very densely pubescent; inflorescences a pair

of compound, cymose dichasia, in the axils of the uppermost leaves of

the stem and branches; basal peduncles up to 8 cm. long, intermedi-

ate flower stalks and pedicels abruptly decreasing in length, ulti-

mately less than 1 cm. long; flowers large for the genus; calyx lobes

ovate to elliptic, acute, 10-14 mm. long, 3-7 (-8) mm. wide at base,

yellow or light green in life, glabrous to sparsely pubescent externally,

the hair on or near the margins; corolla yellow, frequently minutely

papillose, upper lip 4-6 mm. long, lower up to 25 mm. long, fre-

quently 20-22 mm., saccate about half its length, the sac ovoid-

oblong, 12-14 mm. wide, inflated in life; anther cells a little unequal

in length and very unequal in shape, walls and septa thickened, both

cells at least two times longer than wide, each anther 7-8 mm. long,

the smaller cell 3.0-3.3 mm. long; style 5.5-6.5 mm. long, apically

curved; ovary ovoid, pubescent, a little shorter than the style; cap-

sule pubescent, ovoid or elliptic-ovoid, shorter than the calyx, acute

apically.

FLORA OF PERU 639

Amazonas: Prov. Chachapoyas, E. side of Cerro Calla-Calla on

lower and middle slopes. Jalca interfingered with loma and montane

forest, alt. ca. 2,800-3,200 m., Edwin 3628 (F); 3626; 3630; Moun-

tains E. of Balsas, alt. ca. 3,200 m., Osgood & Anderson 76.

This taxon is distinct from all other Calceolarias in having the

combination of unequal anther cells, large corolla, dense tomentose

or lanate pubescence, large thickened leaf blades on long petioles and

paired inflorescences, arising from only the uppermost pair of leaf-

axils of the stems and branches.

Calceolaria sonchensis Pennell ex Edwin, Phytologia 19: 397.

1970.

Pubescent herb up to 50-60 cm. tall, stems square, sulcate-striate.

Leaves bizarre, blades broadly ovate or triangular-ovate, 2.5-4.5 cm.

long and 1.5-2.3 cm. wide, irregularly doubly dentate, apex acute,

base truncate or broadly obtuse, petiolate, the uppermost excepted,

these sessile, pubescent on both sides; petioles broadly winged, con-

nate, widest at or near the stem, entire or minutely serrate, usually

a little shorter than the blades; inflorescences in axils of upper leaves,

cymose-dichasia; the lax pedicels ca. 23-33 mm. long, on peduncles

up to 15 cm. long, usually exceeding 10 cm. ; sepals ovate, 10-12 mm.

long, acute or frequently acuminate, margins distantly or less often

densely serrate, the teeth black, spinose; calyx tube very short, ca.

1 mm. long, calyx externally pubescent; corolla wholly glabrous,

small for the genus, upper and lower lips subequal, ca. 7-8 mm. long

and wide, the hooded upper lip completely covering the brown, di-

varicate, oblate anthers whose filaments do not exceed 1 mm. long;

style ca. 2.5-3.5 mm. long, exceeding the stamens, ovary pubescent

with short, erect hairs, ovoid or hemispherical, shorter than the style;

capsule 2-3 mm. long, subhemispherical or broadly ovoid, tapering

to apex, densely pubescent, loosely invested by the sepals.

Amazonas: Mountain south of Tambo de Ventilla, thin loam over

clay banks, alt. 2,700-2,900 m., Pennell 15791 (PH). The only col-

lection known.

Close to Calceolaria connatifolia Pennell from which it differs in

having mostly petiolate leaves, serrate sepals, and glabrous corolla

with subequal lips, as well as in the general presence of pubescence

and shape of the anthers.

Calceolaria sparsiflora 0. Ktze., Linnaea 24: 228. 1851. C. her-

rerae Kranzl. and C. herreae var. ramosissima Kranzl. in Fedde, Rep.

Sp. Nov. 27: 15. 1929.

640 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Erect, branched shrub, main stem usually aphyllus, branches and

branchlets often rectangular, new wood frequently drying light-yel-

low, puberulent with mixed glandular or eglandular, pustulate hair,

occasionally sparsely eglandular-puberulent, then older wood gla-

brous, older wood usually puberulent as the younger but less densely

so, wood ultimately devoid of hairs, only the red-pustulate bases re-

maining (muricate) . Leaves variable in shape, size, and vesture, from

narrowly cuneate-obovate to ovate, not infrequently lance-ovate or

lance-obovate, 0.6-1.8 (-2.7) cm. long and 2-9 (-18) mm. wide, most

frequently less than 2 cm. long and 3-8 mm. wide, usually densely

beset beneath with gray-white pulverulent tomentum, occasionally

lanate (sericeous) rarely glabrous or almost so, glabrous above, mar-

gin dentate or deeply dentate with usually distant teeth on the upper

half to two-thirds, lower part of margin entire, narrowed to apex and

base, base most often cuneate, usually on petioles 0.5-3.0 mm. long;

petioles frequently villose; inflorescences simple to once-branched

dichasia in the axils of upper leaves; flower stalks mostly puberulent,

10-20 mm. long, frequently 10-15 mm.; calyx lobes puberulent ex-

ternally, pulverulent-puberulent internally, especially near the mar-

gins, ovate to oblong-ovate, 5-6 mm. long, acute; corolla yellow, up

to 25 mm. long, often not exceeding 18 mm., sometimes only 13-

15 mm. long, essentially glabrous, upper lip up to about half the

length of the calyx lobes, lower lip saccate less than half its length,

sac as wide as long or wider; stamens hidden under the lower lip,

filaments short, anther cells equal, divaricate, up to twice as long as

wide, each pair ca. 2.0-3.0 mm. long; style 1.5-2.0 mm. long, ovary

glabrous to occasionally sparsely glandular; capsule with vesture as

the ovary, oblong to narrowly ovoid, neck only little constricted,

apically obtusish, equal to or more often longer than the calyx.

Cuzco: Paucartambo, steep, dry, stony slope, Balls 6723; Cerro

Sape, vicinity of Cuzco, stony ground, alt. 3,400-3,500 m., Ferreyra

2664; Alt. 3,300-3,500 m., Herrera 527; Sin. Loc. Herrera 1704- (frag-

ment of type of C. herrae var. ramosissima Pennell ; Prov. Paucar-

tambo, Hacienda Churu, Herrera s.n.; Sacsahuaman above Cuzco,

alt. 3,500-3,600 m., Pennell 13554; San Sabastian, alt. 3,300-3,400

m., Pennell 13598; Ollantaitambo, alt. 2,900-3,000 m., Pennell 13647;

Huancalli, alt. 3,400-3,500 m., Pennell 13713; E. of Pisac, alt. 3,200-

3,500 m., Pennell 13721; Colquipata, alt. 3,200-3,500 m., Pennell

13773; SW. of Paucartambo, alt. 3,200-3,500 m., Pennell 14169;

1^175; Suburbs of Cuzco, Soukup 48; 128; Alt. 3,400-3,500 m., neigh-

borhood of Kenko or Choko, mixed data for Vargas 230; Sicuani, alt.

FLORA OF PERU 641

slopes 3,600-3,650 m., Vargas 1472; 9840; Slopes of Chicon, alt.

2,800-2,900 m., Vargas 1542; 11066.

Calceolaria subscaposa Edwin, Phytologia 19: 398. 1970.

Erect, annual herb, up to 20 cm. tall, stem with up to 3 pairs of

leaves and unbranched or occasionally once-branched, rarely twice-

branched, apically usually bearing 2 flowers when unbranched, or

each apex 2-flowered when branched, rarely with a 3-flowered cyme

at the apex, stems glabrous, internodes several times longer than the

small leaves. Leaves petiolate, blades ovate in outline, up to about

1.0 cm. long and 0.8 cm. wide, usually sparsely puberulent above,

thinly pulverulent beneath, margins dentate to with 2 pairs of den-

tate-denticulate lobes; petioles up to about half as long as the blade

especially on the lowermost pair of leaves decreasing in size to the

apex of the stem, puberulent; pedicels mixed glandular and eglandu-

lar-pubescent, mostly 3.5-5.5 cm. long; bracteoles occasionally de-

veloped near the base of the flower stalks; sepals glabrous, broadly

ovate, acute, 4.5-5.0 mm. long and 3.8-4.2 mm. wide, margins en-

tire, a little thickened; corolla yellow, 9-11 mm. long, upper lip gla-

brous, ca. 4 mm. long, lower lip not twice as long as the upper,

sparsely red-gland-dotted proximally on the upper part of the sac

that is about three-fourths the length of the ca. 7 mm. long lip; both

anther cells fertile, both larger than the very short, thin connective;

style ca. 1.5 mm. long; capsule from as long as to more often longer

than the calyx, ovoid, basally ca. 4.5 mm. wide, abruptly narrowing

to a neck about a third the length of capsule, sparsely gland-tipped

pubescent, glands soon fugitive.

Known only from the copious type specimen.

Lima: Along Rio Chillon, above Obrajillo, open rocky banks, alt.

2,800-3,200 m., Pennell 14410 (PH).

No other taxon in this subgenus has the following combination

of characters: subscapose stem, almost wholly pedicellate flowers,

lower corolla lip less than twice as long as the upper and anther cells

both fertile and separated by a very short connective.

Calceolaria tenuis Benth. in DC., Prodr. 10: 205. 1846.

Lax annual, stems glabrous below, puberulent to pubescent

above, internodes much longer than the leaves that are most often

small for the plant. Blades variable, usually subsimply lobate be-

low, on longer petioles than the incised, subpinnatifid, occasionally

642 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

sessile upper leaves, lobes usually obtuse and toothed, blades ovate

in outline, often not exceeding 3 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, varying to

5-6 cm. long, sparsely puberulent; flowers borne singly or in pairs in

the upper leaf-axils, most often not exceeding 11 mm. long, frequently

only 8 mm. long; pedicels up to 2 cm. long, glandular-pubescent;

calyx lobes ovate, acute, 5-6 mm. long, glabrous or the entire to

sparsely, finely toothed margins ciliate, veins 5-7, apparent on both

surfaces; corolla yellow, glabrous or sparsely red-glandular, glands

sessile, upper lip ca. 2 mm. long, lower 6-9 mm. long, saccate most

of its length; anther connective enlarged, auriculate, larger, upper

cell about as long as the connective, lower smaller, modified, fertile

or sterile; style ca. 1.0-1.5 mm. long; capsule glabrous, conic-ovoid,

much longer than the calyx, abruptly narrowed to a long neck.

Junin: Oxapampa, Soukup 2J+17. — Lima: Between Huaquicha

and Palacala above Surco, alt. 2,600-2,700 m., Ferreyra 3^8.

This taxon may be merely a depauperate form of Calceolaria

delicatula Kranzl.

Calceolaria tetragona Benth. in DC., Prodr. 10: 218. 1846.

Erect, essentially glabrous shrub, differing from C. cerasifolia

Benth. in the following ways: blade margins almost entire to sparsely

serrulate; petioles usually not exceeding 1.3 cm. long; inflorescences

few-flowered, corymbose; flower stalks longer, pedicels up to 2.5 cm.

long; calyx ca. 7-8 mm. long, externally glabrous or sparsely puber-

ulent, internally glabrous; corolla glabrous; anther cells unequal, 2-

3 times longer than wide, septum and walls thickened, persisting;

ovary and capsule often sparsely to densely glandular-puberulent.

Amazonas: Prov. Chachapoyas, Mathews s.n.; Cerro Puma-urcu,

SE. of Chachapoyas, alt. 3,000-3,300 m., Pennell 15671', 15719;

Bank between Chincha and Tingo, alt. 2,400-2,500 m., along Rio

Sonche, E. of Molinopampa, Pennell 15783; Cerro de Fraijaco

(Huani-Huni) NE. of Tambo de Ventilla, alt. 2,800-2,900 m., Pen-

nell 1584.0; Alt. 3,400 m., Pennell 15863. — Cajamarca: Prov. Cutervo,

trail between Socota and Tambillo, alt. 3,100 m., Stork & Horton

10182. — Piura: Chira, alt. 9,000 ft., Carricker s.n. (northernmost

Peru, near Ecuador).

Calceolaria tomentosa R. & P., Fl. Peruv. 1: 15, t. 22b. 1798.

Tall, erect, perennial herbs, stems, flower stalks and lower sur-

faces of leaves densely lanate, hairs obscuring the tissue, the leaves

FLORA OF PERU 643

rarely lanate only on the venation. Petioles connate, widest at or

near the stems, uppermost blades sessile, entire or minutely toothed;

leaf blades ovate or triangular-ovate, size variable, up to 16 cm. long,

mostly 5-11 cm. long and a little more than half as wide, coarsely

doubly crenate, acute, bases truncate or broadly subcordate; flowers

forming loose panicles or compound dichasia, from medium to very

large; peduncles and pedicels ebracteolate, stalks decreasing in length

toward the apex of the inflorescence; calyx lobes ovate, acute from

12-20 mm. long, densely pubescent on both surfaces, some of the

inner surface hairs very short and arranged in a line near to and

paralleling the margin; corolla glabrous, except for a tuft of long,

white hair at the base of the lower lip, 17-33 mm. long, upper lip

4-6 mm. long, overtopping the genitalia, lower up to 32 (-35) mm.

long, about a half to two-thirds as wide, sac (in life) inflated, about

half the length of the lower lip, longitudinally ridged; anther cells

unequal, usually twice as long as wide or longer, septa and walls

thickened, filaments short, ca. 2-3 mm. long; ovary densely puberu-

lent, style 4-6 mm. long, apically decurved; capsule ovoid, glutinous-

puberulent, much smaller than the loosely investing sepals.

Material from northern Peru more densely lanate than the col-

lections from Central Peru.

Close to C. perfoliata L. f. of Colombia from which it differs in

anther cell and calyx lobe shape and in other details.

Amazonas: Taquia, E. of Chachapoyas, stream bank, alt. 2,300-

2,400 m., Pennell 15568; Daguas on Rio Sonche, east of Chacha-

poyas, alt. 2,400 m., Pennell 15748; Puente de Pipos, opposite

Daguas, alt. 2,000-2,100 m., Pennell 15752; Gullied arroyo-side,

above stream, 1-2 km. NE. of Chachapoyas, alt. 2,300-2,400 m.,

Pennell 15897; Lower slopes of Puma-rucu above Hda. Sta. Isabel,

1.5-2.0 km. SE. of Chachapoyas, alt. 2,400-2,500 m., Wurdack 423.

— Cajamarca: mountain east of Celendin, alt. 2,600-2,700 m., Pen-

nell 15197.— Huanuco: 6 km. north of Pillao, alt. 3,000 m., Woyt-

kowski 76. — Junin: Between Tarma and Palca, alt. 2,600 m., Killip

& Smith 23373; Carpapata, Soukup 3437; Between Palca and Car-

papata, alt. 2,900 m., Stork 10972. — Lima (?): Between Tarma and

San Ramon, growing with small shrubs above Carpapata, alt. 2,300-

2,400 m., Ferreyra 3738; East of Huasahuasi, alt. 2,400-2,500 m.,

Hutchison 1095. — Piura: Chanchaqui, moist rocky banks, alt. 1,700-

1,900 m., Pennell & Ferreyra 14910. — Sin. Loc.: Ruiz & Pavon s.n.

644 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Calceolaria triloba Edwin, Phytologia 19: 399. 1970.

Climbing or erect shrub, wood densely tomentose when young,

vesture decreasing with age, densely foliaceous on distant or close

branches. Leaves subcoriaceous, broadly ovate in outline, less than

1 cm. long and wide, pilose above, densely lanate beneath, the vesture

obscuring the tissue, margins little to very thickly revolute, with one

pair of broad, basal, lateral lobes, these either divergent or somewhat

antrorse, when divergent base of blade truncate, when antrorse base

broadly ovate; costa and few secondary veins very deeply impressed

above; flowers solitary or in 3-flowered dichasia, axillary in the upper

parts of branches or terminal on the stem; flower stalks up to 2 cm.

long, mostly shorter, less than 1 cm. long, densely tomentose; calyx

externally pilose or puberulent, internally pilose or glandular-puber-

ulent, glands shining red, elliptic to ovate, 4-5 mm. long and 2-4 mm.

wide, acute; corolla yellow, often with 1 or 2 purple bands, externally

glabrous or red-glandular and papillose, internally with a tuft of

white hair at the base of the lower lip, upper lip minute, lower lip

14-18 mm. long, saccate more than half its length, sac abruptly

flaring, globose, upturned; anther cells divaricate, equal, each pair

2-3 mm. long, more or less than twice as long as wide, filaments

shorter than the thickened, 2-3 mm. long, apically curved style;

capsule unknown.

Ancash: Polylepis thicket, alt. 3,500-3,700 m., mountain E. of

Copa Grande, N. of Chancos, Pennell 15371 (PH); Libertad: Open

jalca above Motil, alt. 3,200 m., Pennell & Ferreyra 11^8^8.

Two varieties, the typical and one other, might well be estab-

lished for this taxon based on corolla vesture, amount of recurving

of leaf margins, and calyx lobe shape. In view of the scanty material,

the taxon is provisionally treated as composed of only one variety.

This taxon is close to C. inaudita Kranzl., which differs in having

almost equal corolla lips, only barely lobed leaves, and reniform an-

ther cells.

Calceolaria tripartita R. & P., PI. Peruv. 1: 14, t. 20a. 1798.

C. heterophylla Willd., Enum. Hort. Berol. 29. 1809. C. scabiosae-

folia Roem. & Schult. in L., Syst. Veg. 1 : 187. 1817. C. chelidonioides

HBK., Nov. Gen. et sp. 2: 378. 1817. C. mandoniana Kranzl. in

Pflanzenr. IV (257c): 30. 1907. C. puru-puru Kranzl. in Fedde,

Rep. Sp. Nov. 27: 2. 1929. C. tripartita mandoniana Pennell, Proc.

FLORA OF PERU 645

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 97: 175. 1945. C. obscura Pennell, Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 97: 176, fig. 16a. 1945. '

Very variable herb or vine, stems from prostrate to erect, when

a vine often large, much-branched, occasionally extending to several

meters long, stems typically glabrous below, increasingly pubescent

toward the apex. Leaves petiolate, blades most often with 1-3 pairs

of pinnae, pinnae larger from the base to apex of the leaf, terminal

leaf-segments ovate, margins usually doubly dentate, teeth coarse,

occasionally blades pinnatifid and pinnate or lobate or merely doubly

dentate, the pinnae usually 1-3 cm. wide, the blade up to 15 cm. or

longer, most often 4-8 cm. long, tissue glabrous to pilose on one or

both surfaces; petioles from up to half as long as and thinly winged

by the blade to almost or quite lacking, when present connate across

the nodes, most often densely pubescent; flowers large for the sub-

genus, the lower 1 or 2 in axils of the branches and the upper typi-

cally in 3-flowered dichasia, occasionally cymose or 5-7-flowered

subumbellate; pedicels mostly 2.0-4.5 cm. long, glandular-pubescent,

often also glutinous; calyx lobes ovate, acute to acuminate, glandu-

lar-pubescent, 5-10 mm. long, margins often distantly minutely

toothed; corolla yellow, pubescent at the orifice internally, upper

lip 4-7 mm. long, lower 15-30 mm. long, saccate most of its length,

sac inflated, about three-fourths as wide as long, non-saccate part

of the lip abruptly narrowed; lower anther cell sterile, connective

sigmoid, auriculate, most often longer than the cells; style 2.0-2.5

mm. long, gradually little tapering to a blunt apex.

The most commonly collected species in the subgenus and one of

the most frequently encountered in the genus in Peru. Very variable

in habit as well as in size of flower parts and leaf shape. It is best

separated from the remaining species of the subgenus by a combi-

nation of large flowers, sterile anther cell, pinnae increasing in size

from base to apex of each leaf and capsule most frequently broader

than long. The leaf blades occasionally are less than 3 cm. long.

Generally distributed in wet sites from Piura to Cuzco, and prob-

ably further south.

The following citations are selected from the copious material.

Amazonas: Cerro Puma-urco, SE. of Chachapoyas, alt. 2,500-

2,600 m., Pennell 15508; Utcubamba, S. of Chachapoyas, alt. 1,700-

1,750 m., Pennell 15588; Along Rio Sanche E. of Molinopampa,

1 This is only a small part of the copious synonymy attached to the name.

The selection is limited to those pertinent in Peru.

646 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — BOTANY, VOL. XIII

Streamlet at Chincha, alt. 2,400 m., Pennell 15781. — Ancash: Cerro

in Rio Fortale'za Valley, Lima-Huaraz road, W. of Comococha, alt.

ca. 2,500 m., Edwin & Schunke V. 3582; Colcas, in stream and bog,

alt. 2,500-2,600 m., Pennell 15384; Small stream above Yungay, alt.

2,650-2,700 m., Pennell 15421.— Apurimac: Prov. Abancay, 12 km.

on road to Cuzco, ca. 5 km. NW. of Abancay, Iltis & Ugent 627.—

Ayacucho: Pampalca, between Huanta and Rio Apurimac, alt. ca.

3,200 m., Killip & Smith 2327k; Mountains NE. of Huanta, alt.

3,100-3,200 m., Weberbauer 7506.— Cajamarca: E. side of Cerro

Calla-Calla, below paramo, Edwin & Schunke V. 3627; Along stream

E. of Cajamarca, alt. 2,600-2,700 m., Pennell 15224; Prov. Cutervo,

in swamp, Rio Sucse Valley, W. of Socota, alt. 2,800 m., Stork &

Horton 10115. — Cuzco: Ollantaitambo, along stream, alt. 2,850-

2,900 m., Pennell 13669; East of Cuzco City, on hills, alt. 3,500-

3,800 m., Pennell 13703; Huancalli, alt. 3,400-3,500 m., Pennell

13715; Near Rio Quencomayo, below Colquipata, alt. 3,200-3,300

m., Pennell 13779; Near Rio Yanamayo, below "Pillahuata," alt.

2,000-2,200 m., Pennell 14043 (type collection of C. obscura Pennell) ;

Limatambo, alt. 2,100 m., Vargas 232; Macchu-picchu, Prov. Uru-

bamba, alt. 2,000 m., Vargas 815; Pueblo Marcapata, Prov. Quispi-

canchis, alt. 3,200 m., Vargas 4828. — Huancavelica: Prov. Castro-

virreina, near Cordova, alt. 3,020-3,300 m., Metcalf 30289; Hills

N. of Pampas, Prov. Tayacaja, alt. 3,250 m., Stork & Horton 10235.

— Huanuco: Carpish Pass, 84 km. from Tingo Maria, on highway to

Lima, alt. ca. 2,750 m., Allard 21112; Quisca, alt. 2,050 m., Scolnik

1042; El Tambillo on road to Panao, alt. 2,650 m., Scolnik 1054;

6 km. S. of Huanuco, in dry stream bed of Huallaga River, alt.

1,920 m., Stork & Horton 9377. — Junin: Alongside ditch, near road,

1-3 km. E. of Palca, alt. ca. 2,000 m., Edwin & Schunke V. 3920;

2-4 km. E. of Huasahuasi, alt. 2,400-2,500 m., Hutchison 1097; At

bridge, Canyon of Rio Huasachuasi, below Huasahuasi, alt. ca. 2,400

m., Hutchison 1139; Prov. Cerro de Pasco, near Ataura, between

Huariaca and Cerro de Pasco, alt. 3,000 m., Hodge 6267; Tarma,

alt. 3,000-3,200 m., Killip & Smith 21865; Huacapistana, alt. 1,800-

2,400 m., Killip & Smith 24095.— Libertad : Otuzco, alt. 2,830 m.,

"zapatos de la reina," Angulo 0935; Above Motil, alt. 3,000 m., Pen-

nell & Ferreyra 14845. — Lima: Matucana, alt. 8,000 ft., sunny brook-

margin, Macbride 2935; Along Rio Chillon, above Obrajillo, alt.

2,700-3,000 m., Pennell 14366; San Buenaventura, alt. 2,800-2,900

m., Pennell 14541; At base of ocean-cliff, wet sandy soil, Barranca,

FLORA OF PERU 647

Pennell 15239; Hills S. of Surco, alt. 2,600-2,800 m., Pennell & Fer-

reyra 15252. — Piura: El Tambo, alt. 9,000 ft., Carricker s.n., July 1,

1933; Cerro Porculla, 3-11 km. W. of continental divide, W. slope,

Edwin & Schunke V. 3739. — Puno: Prov. Sandia, near Limbani, alt.

3,200-3,450 m., Metcalf 30486.

Calceolaria utricularioides Benth. in DC., Prodr. 10: 213.

1846. (ex. nomen. herb. Hooker.)

Soft annual herb, most often with unbranched stem, usually erect,

less often reclining, stems descrete or few-clumped, rarely prostrate

and rooting at the nodes, sparsely pubescent. Leaves few, mostly

much shorter than the internodes, lower short-petiolate, upper ses-

sile, usually ovate, entire, up to 2.5 cm. long, rarely longer and 6-12

(-18) mm. wide, sparsely pubescent on both surfaces; inflorescences

usually few-flowered with 2 basal peduncles either once or twice,

dicotomously branched or once or twice dichasiately branched;

flower stalks pubescent or glandular-pubescent; calyx lobes ovate,

up to about 3 mm. long; corolla yellow, lips from almost equal to the

lower about a third longer than the upper; filaments about 5 times

or more longer than the anthers; anther cells equal, divaricate, each

pair about 1 mm. long and little narrower; style little longer than the

stamens, thin, curving; fruit ovoid, longer than the corolla, sparsely

puberulent or glandular-puberulent.

As seen below, this taxon has been sporadically collected over

most of the length of Andean Peru, Piura to Arequipa. The species

unquestionably occurs in the areas between the presently known

stations and is probably one of the more common "slipper-flowers."

Amazonas: Cerro Puma-urcu, SE. of Chachapoyas, alt. 3,300-

3,400 m., Pennell 15696.— Ancash: Yanac, alt. 11,000-12,000 ft.,